MILLER'S STRAINGER'S GUIDE
FOR Ti!E CITY OF
NEW YORK
WITH MAP
THE MASON & HAMLIN,
BLACB^) CARVB^
DAPPI^ OAK, J^ OAK, il
t LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, f
^f-
irjS^\JMTK]).. STATES OF AMERIC A. J^'
ElrMik^^. . . 1,200 EACH.
EACH. EACH. H.
^I^V
These instruments are considered by musical connoisseurs to be un- rivaled bj' any others of tlieir general class, whether European or Amer- ican. A recent number of The Lkipzig Signale, the leading musical paper of Germany, admits their superiority.
For indorsement of the superiority of these instruments, the manu- facturers refer, witli confidence, to the most eminent organists and artists generally of New York, and other principal cities.
The ayention of those desiring very elegant furniture is invited to several new styVs. just finished. New York W rerooms removed to No. 596 liroudway, two doors above the Metropolitan Hotel.
MASOrV BKOTIIJERS.
A NE'W PIANO.
PATENT CYCLOID PIANOFORTES.
HAVE
SUPERIORITY OF ACTUAL MELODIOUS POWER,
and a Purity and Vocality of Tone,
A PERFECTION OF TOUCH,
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SECURING
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AND WIL.I. STAND IN TUNE
LONOER TMA\ AIVY OTHER FORM OF PIAXO.
^VARJEROOMS, No. 2 Le Roy Place, Bleecker Street,
One Block West of Broadway. SMD FOR OUR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR.
SMITH'S
HOM(EOPATHIG PHARMACY,
105 FOURTH AVENUE, Third door below Twelfth Street.
JOHN T. S. SMITH 8l SONS,
have removed tlieir Pharmacy from^ Broadway to 105 Fourth Avenue, formerly their Branch establishment.
Having enlarged their premises, they possess increased facilities for supplying all articles used in homoeopathic practice.
Refined SUGAR OF MILK 5
ALCOHOL, redistilled in glass ;
GLOBULES, of their own preparation ;
MEDICINES, in the various forms of
TRITURATION, TINCTURES, DILUTIONS, AND PELLETS,
INCLUDING THE
HiaH POTENCIES,
BOOKS and CASES, for professional and domestic use; VIALS 5 CORKS; LABELS, etc.
They continue the manufacture of Alketlircptay
which they offer as an excellent article of diet for the sick, as well as an agreeable and nutritious drink for all.
BRYANT, STRATTON & PACKARD'S
NE\V YORK CITY
MORTIMER BUILDING, cor. Broadway & Twenty-second Street. ENTRANCE, 937 Broadway, & 161 Fifth Avenue.
This Institution is established expressly to aflford facilities for a sound, practical business education ; and is, without doubt, the leading institu- tion of the kind in the country.
Its corps of professors embraces the very best talent to be had ; and every department is conducted in the most effective manner.
The studies specially pursued are :
BOOK-KKEPING,
C03IMERCIA14 T.AW,
COMMERf lAI. ARITHMETIC, CORRESPOIVDF.IVCE, PEIVMAIVSHIP,
TEI.EGRAPHING, etc.
It is the metropolitan link in the "International Chain of Commercial Colleges," embracing thirty-one separate institutions located in the prin- cipal cities of the United States and Canada. Great attention is paid to
BUSINESS PRACTICE,
which, through a perfected system of intercommunication between the colleges, has become one of the most important and interesting features in the course of instruction. Call at Kooms or send lor circular.
S. S. PACKARD, Principal.
SENT BY EXPRESS
EVERYWHERE.
PERFEeT Flf TING
SHJRTS.
RETAILED AT WHOLESALE PRICES.
MADE TO MEASURE,
OF NEW YORK MILLS MUSLIN,
WITH
FINE LINEN BOSOMS,
AND WARRANTED.
Self Measurement for Shirts.
Printed directions sent free everywhere, and so easy to understand, that any one cau take their own measure for shirts. I warrant a good fit. The cash to be paid to the Express Company on receipt of goods.
S. ^¥. H. WARD,
387 Broadway, up stairs.
I
mw'''^^%uy ^*'^ff?
MILLER'S
^NE¥ YORK AS IT IS :
OR
STRANGER'S GUIDE-BOOK
TO THE CITIES OP
l^EW rOEK, BEOOKLYK
AND ADJACENT PLACES:
COMPRISINO NOTICES OF
EVERY OBJECT OF INTEREST TO STRANGEES;
INCLUDTNO
PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES. HOTELS. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, Em
Wiitf) i^ap nnt) numerous Sllustratfono.
NEW YORK:
JAMES MILLER, 522 BROADWAY.
1865.
F
,a^
Entered according to Act of Congress, In the year 18(55,
By JAMES MILLEE,
m the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States fcr the Southern District of New York.
Ik
CONTENTS.
Historical Localities 5
Historic Retrospect 13
General View -... 20
New York as it is 23
Parks and Public Squares 27
Public Buildings 35
Benevolent Institutions 39
Literary and Scientific Institutions 48
Theological Institutions 53
New York Press 60
Places of Amusement 63
Carmen 65
Hotels 66
Churches of New York 71
filegiint Private Residences 80
Notable Stores, &c 82
Banks 86
Savings Banks 88
Public Works 89
Clipp^er Ships, Packets, &c 92
Forts and Fortifications 92
Principal Restaurants and Saloons 93
Principal Hotels 94
New York Markets 94
Ocean Steamships 95
Telegraph Lines 98
Foreign Consuls 96
Omnibuses and Rail Cars 99
Raihoads 102
The Ferries 104
Expresses and depots 105
List of Piers 106
The City of Brooklyn 107
Brooklyn Hotels 112
Public Institutions 112
Greenwood Cemetery 113
Churches of Brooklyn 115
Brooklyn City Railroads 117
Pleasure Excursions 118
The Environs of the City 120
Distances in the City . ^ 122
The Hudson River 123
Supplemental Hints j 128
Metropolitan Police , 133
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGB
View of Broadway from Dr. Chapin's Church
do. do. do. Exchange Place
The City Hall 35
Custom House 36
Sub-Treasury 37
Arsenal of New York 88
Halls of Justice, or the "Tombs" 39
New York Hospital 41
Institution for the Blind 44
Odd Fellows' Hall 46
The Cooper Union 49
New York University : 55
Bible House 57
Episcopal Theological Seminary 58
Metropolitan Hotel 65
Astor House 66
St. Nicholas Hotel 67
Prescott House 68
Clarendon Hotel 69
Bt. Denis Hotel 70
Fifth Avenue Hotel 71
Church of the Puritans 74
St. Patrick's Cathedral 75
First Presbyterian Church 76
Calvary Church 79
Dr. Alexander's Church '. 80
Tiffany's Store 83
Bank of the Republic 86
Bowery Savings Bank 88
Croton Reservoir 89
High Bridge 90
NEW YORK AS IT WAS.
HISTORICAL LOCALITIES.
The denizens of New York are such utilitarians that they have sacrificed to the shrine of Mammon almost every relic of the olden time. The feeling of venera- tion for the past, so characteristic of the cities of the Old World, is lamentably deficient among the people of the JSTew. Still, as there are some who may take an in- terest in knowing even the sites of memorable historic places of the city, we will briefly refer to some of them. Few, we presume, are not patriotic enough to gaze with interest as they pass through Franklin Square, on the site of the old town mansion of Washington, which stood at the northeast angle of Franklin Square and Pearl street ; or tread the sod of Fort Greene, Brooklyn, that battle-ground of the Martyrs of Liberty.
Taking the Battery as a starting-point, the first ob- ject of historic interest we encounter, is the old Ken- nedy House^ No. 1 Broadway. During the war of in- dependence, it was successively the residence of Lord Cornwallis, Gen. Clinton, Lord Howe, and Gen. Wash- ington. This house was erected in 1760, by Hon. Capt. Kennedy, who returned to England prior to the Revolution. It subsequently came into the possession of his youngest son, from whom it ultimately passed into that of the late Nathaniel Prime. Talleyrand passed Bome time under its roof.
From this house anxious eyes watched the destruc- tion of the statue of George III., in the Bowling Green ; and a few years afterwards, other eyes saw, 1*
6 NEW TOEK AS IT WAS.
from its windows, the last soldiers of that king passing forever from our shores. Still later, others looked sadly on the funeral of Fulton, who died in a house which had been built in what was once the garden.
Here Arnold concerted his treasonable project with Andre at the Clinton's — his head-quarters at the time. Arnold also occupied more frequently the third house from the Battery, in Broadway. Arnold is said to have had a sentinel at his door. When his traitorous character had become known, he used to be saluted in the streets by the epithet of "the traitor-general." He was guarded by an escort from Sir Henry Clinton. Gen. Gage's head-quarters, in 1765, was the small low building since known as the Atlantic Garden.
The Bowling Green was originally inclosed, in 1732, *' with walks therein for the beauty and ornament of said street, as well as for the sports and delight of the inhabitants of the citie."
In 1697, it was resolved "that the lights be hung out in the darke time of the moon within this citty, and for the use of the inhabitants ; and that every 7th house doe hang out a lanthorn and a candle in it," &c.
The site of the old Government house is now occu- pied by a range of dwelling-houses, at the south side of the inclosure, called the Bowling Green. It was subsequently used as the Custom House (from 1790 to 1815), when it was taken down. Earlier recollections even belong to this location ; here the Dutch and Eng- lish forts were erected. At the corner of Wall and William streets, now the Bank of New York, once stood the statue of William Pitt. The old Stadt Huys stood at Coenties Slip. On the site of the pres- ent U. S. Tieasury, was situated the Town Hall, or " Congress Hall," which included also the Law Courts and Prison. In front of this building were the stocks, a pillory, and a whipping-post. This edifice was sub- sequently converted into a hall of legislature.
It was in its gallery, on Wall street, in April, 1789, that Gen. Washington was inaugurated the jUrst Fresi"
raSTORIOAL LOCALITIES. 7
dent of the United States. This important public cere- mony, the oath of office, took place in the open gallery in front of the Senate Chamber, in the view of an im- mense concourse of citizens. There stood Washington, invested with a suit of dark silk velvet, of the old cut, steel-hilted small-sword by his side, hair in bag and full powdered, in black silk hose, and shoes with silver buckles, as he took the oath of office, to Chancel- lor Livingston. Dr. Duer thus describes the scene of the inauguration :
" This auspicious ceremony took place under the por- tico of Federal Hall, upon the balcony in front of the Senate Chamber, in the immediate presence of both Houses of Congress, and in full view of the crowds that thronged the adjacent streets. The oath was ad- ministered by Chancellor Livingston, and when the illustrious chief had kissed the book, the Chancellor, with a loud voice, proclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States." Never shall I forget the thrilling eifect of the thundering cheers which burst forth, as from one voice, peal after peal from the assembled multitude. Nor was it the voices alone of the people that responded to the an- nouncement, their hearts beat in unison with the echoes resounding through the distant streets; and many a tear stole down the rugged cheeks of the hard- iest of the spectators, as well I noted from my station in an upper window of the neighboring house of Col. Hamilton."
Washington's farewell interview with his officers took place at France's Tavern, corner of Pearl and Broad streets.
New York is noted for its pageants and processions. That on the occasion of the last visit of Gen. Lafay- ette, presented the most imposing spectacle of its time.
In ancient times boats were used to convey passen- gers across Pearl street. Canal and Cliff streets derive their names from a like circumstance. The Old Dutch records show that the outskirts of the town were di-
8 NEW YORK AS IT WAS.
vided into farms — called " Bouwerys ;" From this fact the Bowery derived its name.
The hills were sometimes precipitous, as from Beek- man's and Peck's hills, and in the neighborhood of Pearl, Beeknian, and Ferry streets, and from the Middle Dutch Church, in Nassau street, down to Maiden lane ; and sometimes gradually sloping, as on either hills along the line of the water, coursing through Maiden lane.
When Hamilton acted as Secretary of the Treasury, he wrote the " Federalist," at a house in Wall street^ between Broad and William streets, its site being now occupied by the Mechanics' Bank. His last residence was the Grange, at Bloomingdale. He lived also for some time at Bayard House on the banks of the North River. His hapless duel with Burr, near Weehawken, is pointed out to visitors, — a stone marks the spot where Hamilton fell.
Leisler and Milbourne, the proto-martyrs of popular hberty in America, met with a sanguinary death. May 16th, 1691, on the verge of Beekman's swamp, near the spot where Tammany Hall now stands.
Where Catharine street now stands, was the spot where the stamps were burnt, at the dead of night, by citizens, in the year 1776.
Benjamin Franklin, while residing in New York, used as an observatory for experimenting on electricity, the steeple of the old Dutch Church, — now the Post-Office, in Nassau street. Who will not gaze with interest at thisstarting-point of that luminous train which now en- circles the globe, and by which we communicate in let- ters of light, with our antipodes, almost with the celer- ity of thought.
The old City Hotel, in Broadway, the site of which is now occupied by a row of brown stone buildings, was for a long time the most notable edifice of the kind in the city. Here Washington, with his suite, attended the brilliant assemblies of his days.
A still more interesting relic of the past, was the old
HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 9
Jugar-House Prison, which, till within a very few years, stood in Liberty street, adjacent to the Dutch Church, now the Post-Office. It was founded in 1 689, and oc- cupied as a sugar-refining factory, till 1777, wher. Lord Howe converted it into a place of confinement for American prisoners. Here is a sketch of it.
The old Walton House, in Pearl street (No. 326), was cue of the memorabilia of New York city. This cele- brated mansion was erected, in 1754, by Walton, a wealthy English merchant. It continued in possession of the family during the Revolutionary war, and was the scene of great splendor and festivity.
Washington's city mansion stood at the junction of Main and Pearl streets — the northern angle of Franklin Square. Here the General was accustomed to hold state levees.
The Old Brewery, at the Five Points, recently taken down, is deserving of some notice. Its purlieus were those of wretchedness and crime ; they have been fitly described as '' an exhibition of poverty without a par-
10 NEW YORK AS IT WAB.
allel — a scene of degradation too appalling to be believed, and too shocking to be disclosed, where you find crimo ■without punishment, — disgrace without shame, — sin witliout compunction, — and death without hope."
During tlie past few years, the attention of the be- nevolent has been attracted to this locality, and a missionary station has been erected there, under the direction of Mr. Pease. Tlie entire cost of the estab- lishment has been estimated at over $80,000.
The old Methodist Church in John street, nearly facing Dutch street, is an object of antiquarian interest. In AVilliam street, about midway between John and Fulton streets, stands a range of modern houses, about the centre of which was the birth-place of Washington Irving.
Old Governor Stnyvesant's house, a fine view of which is annexed, stood upon his " Bowerie Farm," a little to the south of St. Mark's Church, between tho Second and Third Avenues. A pear-tree, imi:orted
Sub-
-=:itii>iiif»ii^- ■
SUB-TREASUFwY
HISTOEIOAL LOCALITIES. 11
from Holland in 1647, by Stuyvesant, and planted in his garden, yet flourishes on the corner of Thirteenth street and Third Avenue, the only living relic which preserves the memory of the renowned Dutch Gov- nor. This patriarchal tree is two hundred and twelve years old.
AVe present the reader with a, facsimile of Governor Stuyvesant's seal.
He lived eighteen years after the change in the gov- ernment, and at his death was buried in his vault within the chapel. Over his remains was placed a slab (which may yet be seen in the eastern wall of St. Mark's), with the following inscription : "In this vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General and Commander-in-Chief of Amsterdam, in New Nether- lands, now called New York, and the Dutch West India Islands. Died in August, a. d., 1682, aged eighty years."
At the corner of Charlton and Varick sti-cets stood a wooden building, formerly of considerable celebrity^ known as the " Richmond Hill House." It has_ had many distingnished occupants, having been successively the residence of General Washington, John Adams, and Aaron Burr. It has been the scene of great festivities. Baron Steuben, Chancellor Livingston, and numerous
12
KEW YOKK AS IT -WAB.
other notable men of their times, having met within ita walls.
Aaron Burr once lived at the corner of Cedar and Nassau streets, and, after he held the office of Vice- President, at the corner of Pine and Nassau.
Cobbett kept his seed store at 62 Fulton street. His farm was at Hempstead, Long Island.
Grant Thorburn's celebrated seed store, which was one of the notable objects of the city, in its tune, was in Liberty street, between Nassau and Broadway, and oc- cupied as large a space as the present establishment in John street. His store was previously used for a Qua- ker meeting-house, the first that that society had erect- ed in the city.
The brick meeting-house, built in 1764, in Beekman
HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 13^>
street, near Nassau street, then standing on open fields,, was tlie place where Whitefield preached.
On the site of the present Metropolitan Hotel, once • lived the diplomatist — Talleyrand, when ambasj^ador to ^ the United States. He published a small tract on America, once much read ; he it was who affirmed that the greatest sight he had ever beheld in this country,., was Hamilton, with his pile of books under his arm,, proceeding to the court-room in the old City Hall, in. order to expound the law.
James Rivington, from London, opened a bookstore in 1761, near the foot of Wall street, from which his . "Royal Gazetteer " was pubfished in April, 1773.
Gaine's '' New York Mercury," in Hanover Square,, was established in 1752 ; Holt's " New York Journal, "^' in .Dock (Pearl) street, near Wall, commenced in 1776;; and Anderson's " Constitutional Gazette," a very small- sheet, was published for a few months in 1775, at Beek-- man's Slip.
Gaine kept a bookstore under the sign of the Bible and Crown, at Hanover Square, for forty years. Among- the early publishers and booksellers, may be named,, Evert Duyckinck, who lived at the corner of Pearl, street and Old Slip ; and Isaac Collins, George A. Hop- kins, Samuel Campbell, and T. & J. Swords.
William Barlas, of Maiden Lane, was himself an ex- cellent scholar. He published classical books. He was>^ the friend and correspondent of Newton — Cowper's^ friend.
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT.
In the year 1607, the memorable year in which forty- seven learned men began the English version of the Bible, Henry Hudson sailed in search of a northeast passage to India. For two seasons he strove in vain to 2
114 NEW TOEK AS IT WAS.
^penetrate the ice barriers, and then turned homeward. His patrons abandoned their enterprise, and Hudson
^went over to Holland and entered the service of the
. Dutch East India Company, whose fleets then agitated
4he waters of almost every sea.
On the 3d of September, 1609, the intrepid navigator
^ first entered the Bay of New York. Here commence the acknowledged chronicles of European civilization
-on these shores of the newly-discovered continent, over which, till then, the wild Indian had held undisputed
.«way. According to Scandinavian records, it is af-
-firmed, the Norsemen visited our shores even prior to the discovery of the continent by the famed Genoese. Among those supposed early navigators, was Prince
"Hadoc; and Verrazani, who, in the year 1514, is be-
dieved to have anchored in these waters, and explored
:the coast of what was then known as part of ancient Vinland. We shall take a cursory glance at the lead- ing events which have been handed down to us, since
■ they will serve to illustrate the progressive advance- ment of the civilized, over the savage forms of life, of
\-which this memorable island has been the theatre. Although Hudson has not recorded, in his diary, his
Handing in the harbor of New York, we possess a tra- dition of the event, by Heckewelder, the Indian histo- rian. He describes the natives as greatly perplexed and terrified when they beheld the approach of the strange object — the ship in the offing. They deemed it a visit from the Manitou, coming in his big canoe,
.-and began to prepare an entertainment for his recep- tion. "By-and-by, the chief, in red clothes and a glitter of metal^ with others, came ashore in a smaller canoe ; mutual salutations and signs of friendship were exchanged ; and after a while, strong drink was offered, which made all gay and liappy. In time, as their mu- tual acquaintance progressed, the white skins told them they would stay with them, if they allowed them as .much land for cultivation as the hide of a bullock, spread before them, could cover or encompass. The
niSTORIOAL EETEOSPEOT. 15
request was gratified ; and the pale men, thereupon, beginning at a starting point on the hide, cut it up into one long extended narrow strip, or thong, sufficient to encompass a large place. Their cunning equally sur- prised and amused the confiding and simple Indians, who willingly allowed the success of their artifice, and backed it with a cordial welcome." Such was the ori- gin of the site of New York, on the place called Man- hattaji (i. e. Manahachtanienks), a revelling name, im- porting "the place where they all got drunk!" and a name then bestowed by the Indians, as commemorative of that first great meeting.
Hudson afterwards proceeded to explore the North River, since called after his name — the Hudson. The Half-Moon anchored at Yonkers, and the Indians came off in canoes to traffic with the strangers. But the river narrowed beyond the Highlands, and Hudson, after sailing up as far as the site of Albany, retraced his way to Manhattan, and at once sailed for Europe. His favorable reports gave rise to an expedition of two ships in 1614, under Captains Adrian Block and Hend- rick Christiaanse. It was under their auspices that the first actual settlement was begun upon tlie site of the present New York, consisting in the first year of four houses^ and in the next year of a redoubt on the site of the Bowling Green. To this small village they gave the name of New Amsterdam. The settlement was of a commercial and military character, having for its object the traffic in the/iwr trade.
At the time Holland projected this scheme of com- mercial settlement, she possessed 20,000 vessels and 100,000 mariners. The city of Amsterdam was at the head of the enterprise.
From its earliest period, "Nieuw Amsterdam" had a checkered history. The English turned towards it a wistful eye, and took it from the Dutch in 1664, who succeeded, however, in recovering it in 1673. Not more than a year after, it was ceded again to the British, and underwent a change of name, from New Amsterdam
16 NEW TOEK AS IT WAS.
to New York, in honor of James, duke of York, to whom it was made over by Charles the Second. From this period it began to make progress, although slowly, in buildings, population, and municipal arrangements.
The city, prior to British rule (that is in 1656), was laid out in streets, some of them crooked enough, and contained " one hundred and twenty houses with ex- tensive garden lots," and about one thousand inhab- itants. In 1677, another estimate reports that it com- prised three hundred and sixty-eight houses, while its assessed property amounted to ninety-five thousand pounds sterling.
During the military rule of Governor Colve, who held the city for one year under the above-meutioned capture, for the States of Holland, every thing partook of a military character, and the laws still in preserva- tion at Albany show the energy of a rigorous discipline. Then the Dutch mayor, at the head of the city militia, held his daily parades before the City Hall (Stadt Huys), then at Coenties Slip ; and every evening at sunset, he received from the principal guard of the fort, called the hoofd-wagt^ the keys of the city, and thereupon proceeded with a guard of six, to lock the city gates; then to place a burger-wagt — a citizen guard, as night- watch, at assigned places. The same mayors also went the rounds at sunrise to open the gates, and to restore the keys to the officers of the fort.
In 1683, the first constitutional assembly, consisting of a council of ten, and eighteen representatives, was elected, to aid in the administration of public affairs. In this year the ten original counties were organized. In 1685, on the demise of Charles II., the Duke of York ascended the throne, with the title of James II. This bigoted monarch signalized himself by forbidding the establishment of a printing-press in the colony.
Gov. Dongan was far better than his sovereign, and at length was recalled in consequence of his remon- strances against other arbitrary measures he was in- structed to carry out with regard to the confederate
HISTORICAL RETROSPKOT. 17
Indian tribes and the Jesuits. Andros was appointed to supersede him, but his also was but a short reign, for the popuhice grew disaffected, and in a civil com- motion, one Jacob Leisler, a Dutch merchant, was pro- claimed leader, and ultimately invested with the reins of government.
He also summoned a convention of deputies, from those portions of the province over which his intiuence extended. This convention levied taxes, and adopted other measures, for the temporary government of the colony; and tlius for the first time in its existence, was the colony of New York under a free government. The strong prejudices, however, which had been awakened by Leisler's measures, soon produced in the minds of his adversaries a rancorous bitterness, which was, perhaps, never surpassed in the annals of any political controversy.
This condition of things existed for nearly two years. To the horrors of civil commotion, were added the mis- eries of hostile invasion by the French in Canada.
The earliest dawn of intellectual light — for the diifu- sion of popular intelligence had been heretofore wholly neglected — was the establishment of a free Grammar School in 1702. In 1725, the first newspaper made its appearance; and four years later, the city received the donation of a Public Library of 1642 volumes, from England. In 1732, a public Classical Academy was. founded by law ; and with the advance of general in- telligence came a higher appreciation of popular rights.. But New York was destined to be convulsed by a.. series of commotions ; and among them the memorabl©! one known as the Negro Plot, which resulted in a great, destruction of life.
The trade of New York increased. Her ships were- already seen in many foreign ports; neither Bostoni nor Philadelphia surpassed her in the extent of her- commercial operations. Provisions, linseed-oil, furs,, lumber, and iron, were the principal exports. From 1749 to 1750, two hundred and eighty-six vessels le&' 2*
1-8' NEW YORK AS IT WAS.
New York, with cargoes principally of flour and grain. In 1755, nearly thirteen thousand hogsheads of flax seed were shipped abroad.
The relations of the colonies with the mother conn- try were assuming a serious aspect. In 1765, a con gress of delegates met at New York, and prepared a declaration of their rights and grievances. The arri- val of the stamped paper, so notorious in the colonial annals of America, towards the end of this year, marked the commencement of a series of explosions tiiat were not to terminate until the city and colony of New York, in common with the other colonies, were forever rent from the dominion of Great Britain. The non-importation agreements of the merchants of New York, and other places, in 1768, were followed by stringent measures on the part of the British govern- ment. War was the result.
On the 28th of June, 1776, the British army and fleet, which had been driven from the city and harbor of Boston, entered the southern bay of New York. The troops were landed upon Staten Island. On the 22d of August, the British forces crossed the Narrows and encamped near Brooklyn, where the American army was stationed. The battle of Long Island en- sued, in which, owing to unfortunate circumstances, the Americans were entirely defeated. Washington, with consummate skill, crossed the river the succeed- ing night, without observation ; but the previous dis- •asters, and the subsequent successful landing of the -British troops at Kip's Bay, rendered it impossible to isave the city.
For eight years New York was the head-quarters »of the British troops, and the prison-house of Ameri- 'Can captives. Public buildings were despoiled, and •churches converted into hospitals and prisons. A fire in 1776, sweeping along both sides of Broadway, de- tstroyed one eighth of the buildings of New York.
On the 25th of November, 1783, the forces of Great '.Britain evacuated the city, and Washington and the
HISTURIOAL EETKOSPKOT. 19
Governor of the State made a public and triumphal entry.
This important national event, forming the brightest day in the American calendar, is annually celebrated ■with appropriate military pomp and parade.
In ten years after the war of independence, New York had doubled its inhabitants. Yet the city had repeatedly suffered from the scourge of the yellow fever, from calamitous fires, &c. Notwithstanding all, its commercial enterprise has been rapidly and largely increasing, while its shipping has gallantly spread over every sea, and won the admiration of the world. The first establishment of regular lines of packets to Eu- rope originated with New York, and it is also claimed for her the honor of the first experiments in steam-nav- igation.
Improvements hitherto had been principally con- nected with foreign commerce. But an impulse was now to be given to inland trade by the adoption of an extensive system of canal-navigation. Several smaller works were cast into the shade by the completion of the gigantic Erie Canal, in 1825. The union of the Atlantic with the Lakes, was announced by the firing of cannon along the whole line of the canal and of the Hudson, and was celebrated at New York by a mag- nificent aquatic procession, which, to indicate more clearly the navigable communication that had been opened, deposited in the ocean a portion of the waters of Lake Erie.
Municipal history is a narrative of alternate suc- cesses and reverses. For many years nothing had occurred to mar the prosperity of the city. Again misfortune came. In 1832 the Asiatic cholera appear- ed, and 4360 fell victims to the disease. This calamity had scarcely passed, when the great fire of 1835 de- stroyed, in one night, more than 600 buildings, and property to the value of over $20,000,000. The city had not recovered from the effects of this disaster, when the commercial revulsions of 183G and 1837
20 NEW YOKE AS IT WAS.
shook public and private credit to their centre, and in volved many of the most wealthy houses of New York in hopeless bankruptcy.
The completion of the Oroton Aqueduct, in 1842, re- moved the inconvenience of a deficiency of water, and left an imperishable monument to the glory of New York.
A temporary check in the progress of the city was sustained by the great fire of 1845, which destroyed property to the extent of about $7,000,000 ; but shortly afterwards a new and vigorous impulse was again given to the commercial enterprise of the metropolis, by the constant influx of gold from the seeming exhaustless resources of the El Dorado of the Pacific
GENERAL VIEW.
The City of New York, from its geographical posi- tion, having become tne great centre of commercial enterprise, is justly regarded as the Metropolitan City of the New World. In mercantile importance it bears the same relation to the United States that London does to Great Britain. Its past history is replete with in- terest, for it has been the theatre of some of the most important events that pertain to our country's memo- rable career: and although it possesses fewer historic shrines than are to be found in many cities of the Old World, yet its chronicles still live as treasured relics in the hearts of its people, and on the page of its national records. If we take a retrospective glance, we shall find that a little more than two centuries ago, this island of Mannahata — its earliest recorded name, had its birth-day of civilization in a few rude huts, and a fort situated where the Bowling Green now stands ; and, in this comparatively brief interval in the lifetime of a na- tion, it has bounded from the mfantDorp or village into
GENERAL VIEW. 21
a noble city of palaces with its half million of inhabit- ants. It is now the great workshop of the Western •i^orld — the busy hive of industry, with its tens of thousands of artisans, mechanics, and merchants, send- ing out to all sections of its wide-spread domain, the magic results of machinery for all departments of han- dicraft, and argosies of magnificent vessels for garner- ing in the wealth of foreign climes.
If we glance prospectively, how shall we venture to limit its progressive march in opulence and greatness? In less than half a century hence, it will doubtless double its present numerical importance. As illustra- tions of the enormous increase in the value of real estate, it may be mentioned that a lot on the northwest corner of Chambers street and Broadway, was pur- chased by a gentleman who died in 1858, for $1000. Its present value is now estimated at no less a sum than $125,000.
The lots lately sold at auction, by Ludlow & Co., under the direction of the executors of Judge Jay, were a part of the fifteen acres bought by the late John Jay, at $500 per acre. One lot out of said pur- chase, situated on Broadway, we are informed has been sold within the past month for $80,000. Fabu- lous as is the advance from $500 per acre to $80,000 per lot, it is fully justified, as the present owner — who is now erecting a store on the lot — has refused a rent of $16,000 per year for the same.
A little more than two centuries since, the entire site of this noble city was purchased of the Indians for what was equivalent to the nominal sum of twenty- four dollars. Now the total amount of its assessed property tax is ten and a half millions of dollars. If such vast accessions of wealth have characterized the history of the past, who shall compute the constantly augmenting resources of its onward course? Half a century ago, the uses of the mighty agents of steam and the electric current were unknown : now the whole surface of our vast country is threaded over with a
Za NEW TOEK A8 IT WAS.
net-work of railroads, and our seas, lakes, and rivers are thickly studded with steamers; stately vessels, freighted with the fruits of commerce, all tending to this city as the central mart of trade. Half a century ago it took weeks to transmit news from New York to New Orleans — now our communications are conveyed over the length and breadth of the land almost with the velocity of the lightning's flash. Within a like in- terval the most rapid printing-press was slowly worked by hand-power — now the winged messengers of intel- ligence are multiplied with the marvellous rapidity of 60,000 copies an hour. While the mechanic arts have thus revolutionized the social condition of the past, a corresponding change has marked its history, in the establishment of numerous schools of learning — dif- fusing their beneficent influence on the minds and morals of the masses.
Then, again, as respects its costly stores and private residences, New York seems to vie with London and Paris. All along Broadway, and its intersecting streets, the eye is greeted everywhere by long lines of marble and stone buildings, many of them of great architect- ural elegance. The several broad Avenues and Squares, in the upper part of the city, are studded with a succes- sion of splendid mansions — in some instances costing from $50,000 to $200,000 each. There are, it is esti- mated, some three hundred churches, many of them of costly and magnificent proportions ; while its superb hotels — the boast of the metropolis — are, in some in- stances, capable of accommodating about one thousand guests.
How mighty and far-reaching must its influence be- come in its future progress, it were diflBcult to compute: since its numerical extent, numbering at present, if we include Brooklyn 'and the adjacent places on the west, over a million of souls, will ere long place it, in the scale of cities of the world, in the foremost rank.
BROADWAY: LOOKING UP PROM EXCHANGE PLACE.
NEW YORK AS IT IS.
Society in New York has many phases — it is cos- mopolitan— an amalgam, composed of all imaginable varieties and shades of character. It is a confluence of many streams, whose waters are ever turbid and con- fused in their rushing to this great vortex. "What in- congruous elements are here commingled, — the rude and the refined, the sordid and the self-sacrificing, the religious and the profane, the learned and the illiterate, the affluent and the destitute, the thinker and the doer, the virtuous and the ignoble, the young and the aged — *11 nations, dialects, and sympathies — all habits, man ners, and customs of the civilized globe.
City life everywhere presents protean aspects ; let us lake a glance at some of its more striking features, Dotwithstanding the mixed multitudes that are inces- santly thronging its various avenues. There are yet certain localities that exhibit distinct characteristics : life in Wall-street presents an epitomized view of its mercantile phase. Here are its banks, its money-ex- jhangers, and their great place of rendezvous, the Exchange ; beneath the dome of which many mighty projects have had their birth. Here have been con- cocted vast schemes of commercial enterprise, and here, too, have originated many noble acts of public bene- faction.
Up ITassau street, to its junction with Chatham street, of mock-auction notoriety, we catch a glimpse of another phase of city life. To denizens of New
24 OITT OP NEW YORK.
York, society is usually known under the generic rli- visions of Broadway and Bowery. Each has its dis- tinct idiosyncracies : the former being regarded as patrician, and the latter as plebeian. Looking at New York longitudinally, we may say that Canal street, at present, marks the boundary of the great workshop. In the precincts of Union Square and Madison Square, and especially the Fifth Avenue, we find the monu- ments of the wealth, taste, and splendor of its citizens.
The southern part of the city — its original site — ex- hibits all kinds of irregularity — the streets are narrow, sinuous and uneven in their surface ; but the northern or upper portion is laid out in right angles. There are some twelve fine avenues, at parallel distances apart of about 800 feet. There are about 200 miles of paved streets in the Metropolis, extending to Forty-fourth street; exclusive of projected streets not yet paved, over 100 streets more. The city has been laid out and surveyed to the extent of 12 miles from the Battery. The portion occupied exceeds in circumference more than extent.
Perhaps the densest parts of the Metropolis, — its very heart, from whence issues the vitalizing tide of its commerce, — is the junction of Nassau and Fulton streets, and its vicinity. The collision of interests which all the stir and traffic of these crowded scenes involve, brings human nature into strong relief, and intensifies the lights and shades of character.
It is in these dusty avenues to wealth — these vesti- bules where fraud contends with honor for an entrance into the temple, that we read the heart of man better than in books.
The great characteristic of New York is din and ex- citement,— every thing is done in a hurry — all is intense anxiety. It is especially noticeable in the leading thoroughfare of Broadway; where the noise and con- fusion caused by the incessant passing and repassing of some 18,000 vehicles a day, render it a Babel scene of confusion.
A bird's eye view. 25
Kew York has been ever and justly renowned for ita catholic and liberal public benefactions and charities. Among her many glories, this is most conspicuous. New York may be called the asylum for the oppressed and distressed of all nations. Abounding in beneficent institutions suited to the relief of the various "ills that flesh is heir to," and enriched with the most liberal en- dowments for classical and popular instruction, she bears the palm in all that pertains to the moral, intel- lectual, and physical advancement of society. It is true we are a mercantile and money-making people, but the empire city is an illustration of some of its noblest uses.
By way of introduction to the city in detail, we rec- ommend the visitor first to get a bird's-eye view of it from the steeple of Trinity church. A view from this elevation, over 320 feet in height, afibrds a good idea of the general extent and topography of the city. The tower is accessible to the public at any time of the day, excepting the hours devoted to divine service, morning and afternoon. To facilitate the ascent of the church tower there are landing-places ; at the first of these you have a fine view of the interior of this Oathedral-like edifice. At the next resting-place is the belfry, with its solemn chimes : here too is a balcony allowing us a first view of the city. Still higher up we gain a magnificent panoramic view of all we have left below us, — which amply repays our toilsome tour of many steps. The variegated scene stretches out in every direction, with new beauties, — 'Uorth and south lies Broadway with its teeming multitudes and its numberless vehicles ; west and east are crowded streets of house-tops terminating only with the waters of the inclosing rivers. Looking eastward, we see Wall street immediately below us, with the Treasury Building on the left, and a little further on the right the Custom -house, the Wall-street ferry, and the East River which separates New York from Brooklyn ; with the New York bay stretching to the southeast.
26 OlTt OF NEW TOEK.
Sandy Hook, the Highlands of I^eversink, and the coast of Staten Island. To the northeast, the eastern district of Brooklyn, formerly known as Williamsburg, the Navy Yard, &c., and still further to the north, the rocky channel called Hurl-gate, — so perilous to our Dutch forefathers; near by Randall and Blackwell's Islands, with their City Asylums. Transferring our gaze to Broadway, we notice on the corner of Wall street the Bank of the Republic, and on the next street the Metropolitan Bank. Passing several fine marble buildings, we notice Barnum's Museum on the east side of Broadway, and opposite to it St. Paul's Church, then the Astor House, the Park, and the City Hall ; the brown-stone building on the east side being that of the Times Office. Beyond the City Hall in- closure is Stewart's marble palace, then the City Hos- pital, surrounded with trees, and opposite it. Judge Whiting's fine marble building ; further north are numerous elegant stores, including Brooks' brown- stone structure, Lord & Taylor's marble edifice, St. Nicholas Hotel, the Metropolitan, and still further on in the distance, Grace Church, with its beautiful white spire, Union Park, «&c.
Turning to the opposite point of view, the Hudson river, with Jersey City, and Hoboken, with its beauti- ful walks, its distant hills and valleys ; on this side of the river, the steamers, ships, and docks. This superb river has been often compared with the Rhine for its picturesque beauty, we can here get but a faint idea of it, for its bold scenery is seen only after journeying some 40 miles to the north, we catch merely a glimpse of the Palisades, beginning at Weehawken and extend- ing about 20 miles. Veering to the south, we see the fortified islets of the lower bay, with Staten Island, Richmond, &c., with their numerous picturesque cot- tages, villas, and castellated mansions, and to the south- west, the Raritan bay, the Passaic river, leading to Newark in the distance, &c.
PARKS AND PUBTXO SQUARES. %T
PAEKS Al^D PUBLIC SQUAEES.
BATTERT.
Commencing our descriptions of the notabilia of New- York with its pleasure-grounds and parks, we ought first to mention the Battery, situated at the southernmost terminus of the metropolis. These grounds cover an area of about twelve, acres, of the crescent form, having a profusion of stately trees, which aiford a delightful place of retreat in the sum- mer-time, for pleasure-seekers, who prefer to inhale the fresh sea-breeze under their shade to the crowded throngs of fashion in the city. The walks stretching along the margin of these grounds were formerly much frequented, but of late years, in consequence of thb rapid growth of the city, all private residences having been transferred to the upper or northern part of the city, are consequently now not so much an object of attraction. Connected with the Battery is Castle Garden. Originally a fortification, it was subsequently let on lease as a place of public amusement. It was prob- ably the largest audience-room in the world. It was the scene of Jenny Lind's first appearance in America. This building has now little architectural beauty to boast; having been for some time used as a depot for emigrants. The grounds of the Battery have been need- lessly extended within the last few years at an enormous expense to the city,
BOWLING GREEN.
Close to the Battery, at the entrance to Broadway, is the small inclosure so called, from having been used as such prior to the Revolution. At that time it contained a leaden equestrian statue of George III., which the populace in their patriotic zeal demolished,
28 OlTI OF NEW TOEK.
and converted into musket-balls. On this site there is now a fountain, which is during summer to be seen bubbling up with the clear waters of the Oroton.
THE PARK
Is a triangular inclosure of about 11 acres, containing the City Hall and other public buildings. At the southern part there is a beautiful fountain, inclosed in a basin 100 feet in diameter. The iron is in the shape of an Egyptian Hly, around it are numerous perforations through which small jets of water are pro- jected, which descending form a mist, while the main jet throws up a column of water to a great height, amidst the surrounding trees.
ST. JOHN'S PARK,
Or Hudson Square, situated between Laight, Yarick, and Hudson streets, is a small, but beautiful inclo- sure thickly planted with lofty trees. It is the prop- erty of the vestry of Trinity Church.
WASHINGTON SQUARE,
Formerly the site of, a Potter's Field, occupies about nine acres, and is decorated with numerous gravel-walks, and an elegant fountain in the centre of the grounds. It forms a pleasant up-town park, situated a little to the west of BroadAvay, between Fourth and Eighth streets. It is surrounded by rows of fine buildings — private residences on each side, and at the east end by the New York University and Dr. Huttou's Church — each fine Gothic structures.
UNION PARK
Is in Union Square, at the upper or northern en of Broadway — extending from 14th to 17th streets. This pleasure-ground is inclosed by a handsome iron railing, and contains a variety of fine trees, gravel-
PABES AND PUBLIC SQUABES. 29
walks, and also a fountain. At the south side is the bronze equestrian statue of Washington and the Union Place Hotel, at the opposite extremity are the Everett House and the Clarendon, and at the western side, Dr. Cheever's Church and the Spingler Hotel.
GRAMERCT PARK,
Situated a little to the northeast of the above, is a select and beautiful inclosure on a smaller scale. This park is private property, having been ceded to the owners of the surrounding lots by S. B. Ruggles, Esq. It forms the area between 20th and 21st streets, and the 3d and 4th Avenues.
STUYVESANT PARK
Extends from 15th to 17th streets, and is divided by the intersecting passage of the Second Avenue. The Rev. Dr. Tyng's Church is upon the west side of this park. The ground was presented by the late P. G, Stuyvesant, Esq., to the corporation of the church.
TOMPKINS SQUARE
Is one of the largest parks of the city. It occupies the area formed by Avenues A and B, and 7th and 10th streets.
MADISON SQUARE, Comprising 10 acres, is at the junction of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. On the west side stands the monu- ment of General Worth. The houses surrounding this >ark include some of the most elegant of the city.
THE CENTRAL PARK,
''ontains 843 acres, and embraces in its limits the
ounds appropriated to both the Croton Reservoir,
and the Arsenal. It is one of the largest parks in the
3*
80 CITY OF NEW YORK:.
world. The Bois de Boulogne is, of course, larger ; but the Central Park is twice as large as most of the London parks.
The Park is bounded on the west by the Eighth Avenue, on the east by the Fifth Avenue, on the south by Fifty-ninth street, and on the north by what has been marked One-hundred-and-tenth street. It possesses al- ready the several essentials of a picturesque park — pond, stream, hill, rock, plain, and slope. The ridge which rises near the Battery, and forms the back-bone of the Island of Manhattan, traverses the Park from end to end; forming, in its course, at least two admirable points of view from which delicious views of the adja- cent scenery may be obtained. Through the valleys beneath, course little brooks, which, with the help of thorough drainage, have been swelled into consider- able streams, while a swarpp has been converted by skilful engineering into a lake of one hundred acres, serving as one of the receiving reservoirs of the city. There are hills, too, with rough, rocky sides, which will pass, with a little trimming, for mountain scenery; and there are passes, which, with appropriate foliage, may almost figure as Alpine valleys. Nature has done so much, that there is little left for the engineer but to beautify and trim its excrescences.
The Park contains, besides the large structure former- ly used as an Arsenal, and the Croton Lake and distribu- ting reservoir, a parade ground of fifty acres in extent, on which infantry, cavalry, and artillery can manoeu^Te together. A short distance south of the parade ground will be found the Botanical Gardens. From botanical surveys already m^ade, it appears that the ground is adapted to the cultivation of an unusual variety of plants and flowers. In fact so many and so various are the charms of this beautiful resort, that, although it is visited annually by hundreds of thousands of persons, it may still be said that it is not yet fully and justly appreciated by those who live within reach of its enjoyments ; and
PAKKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. 31
one object which we have in view in giving a fuller synopsis of its attractions, is to induce the tired resident of the city to avail himself more frequently of this re- treat. As a place of education, a pleasant school for the instruction of the taste, the value of the Park can scarcely be exaggerated. But we must answer the question :
HoiD are we to get there f
The cars of the Second, Third, Sixth, and Eighth Avenue railroads, stopping either at 65th street, which leads to that portion of the Park known as the "Green," or at 79th street, leading to the " Ramble," afford con- venient access ; to which means of conveyance may be added the various stage lines which carry passengers to within a few blocks of the Park. The cars should always be avoided by those who are unwilling to pay for the privilege of standing up.
Whither to go after reaching the Parh.
The principal walks of the lower park lead more or less directly to the Mall Terrace, and through this to the bridge, which is the central architectural feature of the plan. The attractions of this spot are perhaps as great as any within the limits of the Park, and from it we may take a view of the scene before us, and may note especially
The Archways and Bridges.
These constitute a chief object of admiration to the visitor, are about thirty in number, of great beauty and variety of form and material, no two of the entire
32 CITY OF NEW YORK.
number being alike. And now passing from these, we find ourselves among the attractions of the
Eamhle^
Of which no better view can be had than that from the hill which rises about forty yards distant from the iron Bridge, and commands a fair prospect of the lower park. But the beauties of this place must be explored by the tasteful visitor, who will admire, in turn, the paths leading along the shore, the bold projections of rock, the well- arranged contrivances for rural effect, and, above all, the intermingled beauties of wood and water, verdure and rock. A charming view of the entire area of the Park may be had from the
Vista RocTc^
That rises on the south side of the old reservoir, and at- tains an eminence surpassing that of any other point. A still wider range may be secured by ascending the Bell Tower, when we have the whole lower park lying in full view for a mile below us : the Lake and the Ramble are almost at our feet ; the Croton Reservoirs are close to us on the north ; and a mile and a quarter away is seen a pile of brick and painted wood, now used as offices of the Park — being more than a quarter of a mile this side of its northern boundary. Still further beyond, we see the High Bridge — Westchester county — and the East River. Under the rock on which we ai-e standing passes one of the
Or traffic-roadff, as they are less descriptively called in the nomenclature of the park. These are of infinite
PARKS AND PCBLIC SQUARES. 33
iiiiportance to the beauty and convenience of the ar- rangements, as they allow the travel incident to business, to pass unhindered on its way, crossing the park at four places, viz., at 65th, 79th, 85th, and 97th streets; while no impediment is suffered by the pleasure-seekers, who are left in the uninterrupted enjoyment of their rides, drives, or walks. Much credit has been given, both in this country and in Europe, to the engineers of the Park for the clever suggestion of these useful roads.
The Upper Parh
Is the most bold and romantic, and at the same time the richest in its historical associations. Major Waring, in his admirable Guide to the Park, tells us that " the deep valley called McGowan's Pass, dividing this northern portion, is the valley which by means of its darkly wooded hillsides sheltered the secret messengers passing between the scattered parties of the American troops who, during the few days intervening between their dis- heartening rout on Long Island and the battle of Harlem Plains, rallied about the range of hills extending from Fort Washington to Blooiningdale." A portion of the "Old Boston Road," venerable as being the oldest road out of New York, on the east side of the island, is still visible in the northeastern section of the Park. It should, if possible, be suffered to remain as an interest- ing and precious relic of the past. It was by this road that the Huguenot refugees, living in New liochelle, came into the city to attend the services at the French Church on Sunday.
Miscellaneous Items. — ^There are 9 miles of carriage roads, 5 miles of bridle paths, and 21 miles of walk. The length of the four sub-ways is 2 miles.
The park is 2^ miles in length and half a mile wide. The rock visible' is chiefly primary (gneiss). The soil is
S4 CITY OF NETT YORK.
composed for the most part of diluvial deposits, in which are many boulders (mainly trap rock), and the debris of the gneiss rock.
The lowest point, about 109th street and Fifth Avenue, is less than 2 feet above the tide ; the highest, at 83d street, near Eighth Avenue, is 138 feet above the tide.
What is lacking to the completeness of the Park. — The prevailing fault of the Central Park is its monotony, the lack of variety in its attractions ; such a want, in fact, as could be supplied by the introduction of a few noble trees, and by the establishment of a columbary, a pheas- antery, a deer park, and a Victoria Regia house — all of which might easily be secured at a cost considerably less than the sum expended upon a single bridge. There seems to have been a strange obliviousness of the fact that roads and bridges, however well built or stately, are not properly embellishments.
It should be remembered that
A road is a road, though with gold it be paven ; A bridge is a bridge, though it take us to heaven.
A columbary containing some forty varieties of pigeons, the tulips of tiie feathered tribe ; a pheasantery, with gold and silver pheasants, besides those native to our own forests; a deer park, well inclosed, and con- taining a few " antlered lords ;" and a Victoria house, where might be seen this moot noble of the aquatic plants ; — these would indeed be a source of pleasure both to Young America, and to Old. The excellence and beauty of the roads and bridges would be doubly felt when they afforded an easy means of communication with these agreeable resorts.
City TI a
1
City Hall. (p. 31.)
PUBLIC BriLDlXGS. 35
THE CITY HALL.
This is an imposing edifice, and, for the most part, built of marble. It was constructed between the years 1803-10. At the celebration of the Atlantic Telegraph, the clock-tower and other upper portions of the build- ing were destroyed by fire, but have since been rebuilt.
Previous to the completion of the new cupola, our City Fathers contracted with Messrs. Spcrry & Co., the celebrated tower-clock makers of Broadway, to build a clock for it, at a cost not exceeding $4,000, that our citizens might place the utmost reliance upon, as a time- keeper of unvarying correctness. During the month of April the clock was completed, and the busy thousands who were daily wont to look up to the silent monitor, above which the figure of justice was enthroned, hailed its appearance with the utmost satisfaction. It is un- doubtedly the finest specimen of a tower clock on this side of the Atlantic, and as an accurate time-keeper competent judges pronounce it to be unsurpassed in the world. The main wheels are thirty inches in diameter, the escapement is jeweled, and the pendulum, which is in itself a curiosity, is over fourteen feet in length. It is a curious fact that the pendulum bob weighs over 300 pounds; but so finely finished is every wheel, pinion and pivot in the clock, and so little power is required to drive them, that a weight of only 100 pounds is all that is necessary to keep this ponderous mass of metal vibrating, and turn four pairs of hands on the dials of the cupola! The clock does not stand, as many suppose, directly behind the dials, but in the story below, and a perpendicular iron rod twenty-five feet in length connects it with the dial-works above.
In the building are the several offices of the Mayor, Common Council and Aldermen, the Governor's room, City Library, and other business offices.
The United States District Court is located in Cham- bers street, at the rear of the City Hall. The several other Courts are held in the brown stone building, sit- uated at the northeast angle of tlie City Ilall.
86 CITY OF NEW YORK.
THE CUSTOM-HOUSE,
Occupying the building which was formerly the Mer- chants' Exchange, is located between Wall street, Ex- change Place, William and Hanover streets. The material employed in its construction is blue Quincy granite, and it is characterized by fine proportions, and massive, sub- stantial appearance. Its dimensions are on such a scale as to produce a fine architectural effect, being in length, 200 feet; in width, from 144 to 171; while it has an elevation of 77 feet at the cornice, and 124 feet at the top of the dome. The portico of eighteen Ionic columns, which graces its front, imparts to it an imposing effect. The interior of the building fully sustains the impression ; for besides the numerous apartments set apart to various uses, it contains a rotunda in the centre, surmounted by a lofty dome, which is supported, in part, by eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble. This rotunda is capable of containing 3000 persons. Its entire cost, including the ground, was over $1,800,000. The archi- tect was Isaiah Rogers ; and it was built on the site of the old Exchange, destroyed by the fire of 1835. The original stockholders lost every penny of their invest- ment, it having been sold to other hands to defray the mortgage held by the Barings of London.
THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE
Is now held in William street, near Exchange Place. The Merchants' Exchange sales-room is in the Trinit; Building, on Broadway, north of Trinity Church.
THE POST-OFFICE,
In Nassau street, between Cedar and Liberty streets, was formerly the Middle Dutch Church. At a time — namely, during the war of the Revolution — when most
PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 37'
of the churches were turned to military use by the- British, this one sustained the greatest injuries ; which ; more or less, however, fell upon all. In 1T90, it received such repairs as fitted it again for public worship ; but it . was afterwards secured by the government and devoted to its present use, — that of a post-office. Its internal arrangements are extensive, and well adapted to the objects of its present use; the postmaster's room is so situated as to command a view of all that is going on in the building. It was in the old wooden steeple of this building that Franklin practised his experiments in. electricity.
THE UNITED STATES TREASTJEY AND ASSAY OFFICE,
On the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, is a splendid • building, constructed in the Doric order of Grecian architecture. It is built in the most substantial manner • of white marble, something after the model of the Par- thenon at Athens; as a piece of masonry, it is equal to. any structure extant, and to judge from appearances,, likely to become as enduring as the pyramids* it occupies • the site of the old Federal Hall. The building is 200 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 80 feet high : at the southern end, on Wall street, is a portico of eight purely Grecian, columns, 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, and 32 feet high ; and on the northern end, on Pine street, is a correspond- ing portico, of similar columns. The front portico is- ascended by eighteen marble steps, and the rear portico, on Pine street, by only three or four marble steps. It is- two lofty stories high above the basement story. The great business hall is a splendid room, 60 feet in diame- ter. The cost of the building, including the ground, was $1,195,000.
THE CITY ARMORY.
The old City Akmory or Arsenal, is situated at the junction of Elm and White streets, extending 84 feet on
38 CITY OP NEW YORK.
-Elm, and 31 feet on White street. The edifice is so con- -structed, that in case of any popular tumult, it could be •defended by a garrison of 50 men. The ground-floor 'is used as a gun-room, and the upper room for drilling, >-&c. The style of the architecture is a kind of gothic, with castellated towers. This arsenal contains a por- tion of the artillery of the first division of the New 'York State Militia. It is intended that a large flagstaff ■■ shall be erected on the centre of the roof of this build- ing, in order that telegraphic communications may be conveyed by wires from it to the new arsenal up towr., which is situated on the corner of Thirty-fifth stredt ;and Seventh Avenue.
THE HALL OF RECORDS,
'Located to the east of the City Hall, was origii .ally used for a prison, and subsequently as a cholera hos- pital. It is of coarse stone stuccoed over; th( en-
' trances north and south, are ornamented with ionic columns. The building is now used as the Depository for ^Beeds, Records, &c.
THE HALLS OF JUSTICE.
This.is the city prison, or as it is more familiarly styled, from its gloomy aspect, ''the Tombs." It is a spacious building, or rather series of buildings, — occupying the square bounded by Centre street on the east, Elm street on the west, and Franklin and Leonard streets on the north and south. • It is a massive structure, in the Egyptian style, the main entrance being by an ascent of steps beneath a large portico supported by massive Egyptian columns. The Court of Sessions, Police Court, and others, are held in this building. It also comprises the prison, which has about 150 cells. The house of detention measures 142 feet by 45. The place of execution of criminals is the interior court- yard. The edifice was completed in 1838. On appli- cation to theikeeper, visitors may obtain admission to the' building.
1 «
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 39
BElS'EyOLElS'T INSTITUTIONS.
BLACKWELL'S ISLAND.
A visit to the several establishments on this island will well repay any one interested in the efforts for amel- iorating human suffering. There are on the island, the Penitentiary, with its 500 to 1000 convicts, the Aims- House Hospital, the Lunatic xisylum, and the ISTew Work-House, — which last is one of the most complete edifices in the country. It is built of stone taken from the quarries of the island. It is a very spacious build- ing, being capable of holding about 600 persons ; all its internal arrangements are very complete. The humane object of this institution is to separate vagrants from criminals, and to compel all to work who are able to do something towards their own support. The build- ing, which is 325 feet in length, cost about $100,000. Tickets for admission to the island can be obtained of the Secretary of the Governors of the Aims-House Department, at the Rotunda, rear of the City Hall. Chere are various modes of conveyance thither, — by the Second or Third Avenue cars, and by steamer fV'hich leaves foot of Grand street, East River, or by he Harlem stage from 23 Chatham street to 61st treet, and cross to the island at any hour.
WARD'S ISLAND
May also be visited by the same conveyances, on ob- taining a permit from the Commissioners of Emigra- tion, at their office in the New City Hall, near the junction of Chambers and Centre streets.
RANDALL'S ISLAND
May be reached also by boat from foot of Grand street each day at noon. Here ate the nurseries for the sup-
40 CITY OF NEW YORK.
port and instruction of destitute children. This insti- tution is the most interesting of all, and commends itself to the sympathies of all who would become acquainted with the benevolent agencies of New York city. Permits may be had, as for Blackwell's Island. There are usually to be seen here, in the several insti- tutions, from 4000 to 5000 persons young and old.
THE NEW YOEK ORPHAN ASYLUM,
Situated in Bloomingdale, near Eightieth street, com- prises a fine building 120 feet by 60, and nine acres ot ground, laid out with much taste. These grounds com- mand a splendid view of the Hudson and East Rivers with the surrounding scenery. There are in this insti- tution about 200 orphans. The institution was incor- porated by charter in 1807, and its present edifice was completed in 1840. It is a most praiseworthy insti- tution, and a very interesting one to visit.
THE BLOOmNGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
A branch of the New York Hospital, is situated in the Bloomingdale Road, at a distance of about seven miles from the City Hall. It occupies a most beautiful and commanding site, and its approach and surroundings are admirably fitted to lighten the sense of depression and gloom which we instinctively associate with every establishment of the kind. The treatment administer- ed to its unfortunate inmates, too, is of the most en- lightened, humane, and rational sort. The principal building is 211 feet in length, 60 in depth, and four stories in height; with side buildings.
The approach to the Asylum from the southern en- trance, by the stranger who associates the most sombre scenes with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The sudden opening of the view, tlie extent of the ground?, the various avenues gracefully winding through so arge a lawn ; the cedar hedges, the fir and other orna- mental trees, tastefully distributed or grouped, the
i; i!-\!
f .fMnl;!-«
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 41
variety of shrubbery and flowers. The central build- ing, however, is always open to visitors, and the view from the top of it, being the most extensive and beauti- ful of any in the vicinity of the city, is well worthy of their attention.
THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL.
Situated on Broadway, between Duane and Worth streets, is a most important benevolent institution. It dates back to 1771, when it was founded by the Earl of Dunmore, who was at that time governor of the colony. The accommodation for patients,which of late years has been greatly enlarged, is very extensive, and excellent in every respect. It is a receptacle in cases of sudden accidents. It is not altogether gratuitous ; but to such as are able to pay a little, it offers most import- ant advantages — four dollars a week commanding the best medical attendance, besides nursing and medicine. The students, too, have the benefit, for a small annual fee, of accompanying the surgeons in their rounds. The institution has an annual revenue from various sources of about $80,000, which is expended in the support of the establishment. The hospital buildings are fitted up in excellent style for the accommodation of patients.
The approach to the Hospital from Broadway is by an avenue of 90 feet wide, planted with a double row of trees. The main building is of gray stone, 124 feet long, including its two wings, by 50 feet deep. It con- tains separate apartments for patients afflicted with contagious diseases, possesses a theatre for surgical oper- ations, and other apartments, and also a Marine de- partment. The average numlDer of patients admitted annually may be stated at 3000 to 3500. The best medical attendance is secured to this institution.
JEWS HOSPITAL
Is located at 158 "West Twenty-eighth street. 4
42 CITY OF NEW TOEK.
CHILDRENS' HOSPITAL AND NURSERY,
East Fifty-first street, near Lexington Avenue.
In connection with the New York Hospital may be. mentioned,
THE NEW YORK DISPENSARIES.
Which are associations for giving medicine and medical advice to the poor. The Northern Dispensary, situated on the corner of Christopher and Sixth streets, was founded in 1829 ; and the Eastern Dispensary, on the corner of Ludlow street and Essex Market Place, was instituted in 1834. There is also a still older Dispensary on the corner of White and Centre streets, established in 1795; and is estimated to have given relief to more than fifty thousand patients since its first organiz- ation.
THE DEMUT DISPENSARY
Is a fine building at the corner of the Second Avenue and Twenty-third street, which with the ground cost $30,000— the noble donation of the late Miss Derailt. About 3000 patients are annually benefited by this .noble charity of a single benefactor.
THE ASYLUM FOR AGED INDIGENT FEMALES
Is located in Twentieth street, near Second Avenue. Its title indicates sufiioiently the object of the institution, which is both well filled and well sustained.
ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL,
. At the corner of Fifth Avenue and Fiftieth street, is an admirable charity sustained by members of the Episco- pal Churches of New York.
xS K w \ u u K Hospital.
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 43
LEAKE AND WATTS ORPHAN ASYLUM,
Located between the Fourth and Fifth Avenues, and near One hundred and seventeenth street, is another worthy institution, founded by the two benevolent per- sonages whose names it bears. The Asylum measures 206 feet front, and it has 26 acres of ground. It sup- ports over 200 children.
THE MAGDALEN FEMALE ASYLUM,
Situate west of the Harlem railroad, between the streets known as Eighty-eighth and Eighty-ninth streets. This praiseworthy institution, as its name indicates, has been established for the recovery and restoration of fallen and distressed females. It is well sustained ; and by the self-sacrificing labors of the benevolent, has been pro- ductive of great good.
THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL,
In Fourteenth street, between Irving Place and Third Avenue, has large apartments, and a regular faculty ; also a library of 5000 volumes. The museum is exten- sive and valuable.
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
This is a handsome edifice,corner of Twenty-third street and Fourth Avenue. It was founded in 1807, has eight professors and about two hundred students. There is a small library here, of about 1500 volumes, and an an- atomical museum. These museums are accessible to the public on application to the janitor.
NEW YORE MEDICAL COLLEGE
Is located at No. 90 East Thirteenth street ; it was char- tered in 1850, and is devoted to the instruction of young medical practitioners. It possesses a valuable anatomi- cal museum, chemical laboratory, &c. There is also in this building the College of Pharmacy.
44 OITY OF NEW YORK.
THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.
This noble and well-conducted Asylum is situated at Fanwood, Washington Heights, near 150th street, which is reached by means of the Hudson River rail- road. The principal building measures 110 feet by 60, and is five stories high. It is capable of accommodating from 200 to 300 pupils, exclusive of the principal and teacbors, &c. It is one of the best-endowed institutions of benevolence in New York ; being sustained by ap- propriations made by the State Legislature, by the City Corporation, and private benefactions. The pupils are instructed in the ordinary branches of learning, and some of them in the various trail es. Dr. Peet is the superintendent. Open to the public from half-past one to four p. M. every day.
THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND
Is on the Ninth Avenue, between Thirty-third and Thirty -fourth streets, occupying 32 lots of ground, pre- sented by James Boorraan, Esq. The edifice is of gran- ite, and of the Gothic order of architecture. It owes its origin mainly to Dr. J. D. Russ, whose attention was directed to the sightless condition of a large number of the children in the City Alms House. Moved by the spectacle, he determined to devote himself to their re- lief, and for that purpose took seven children from the Alms House and gratuitously instructed them for nearly two years, and finally obtained the passage of an act by the legislature for their support. In this effort he was ably supported by Samuel Wood, a well-known member of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Samuel Akerly, dis- tinguished for his zeal and labors in behalf of the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb. Here also the usual branches of education are taught, and the pupils are in- structed in the several useful arts of life. It is an ex- ceedingly useful object to visit, as is also the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The Institution is open to visitors on week days, from one to six p. m., and may be conven- iently reached by stages and cars that run on the Eighth Avenue.
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 45
THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AND HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS
Is located on Thirtieth street, between Fourth and Madi- son Avenues. It is under the direction of a society de- voted to the protection of deserted children, and adult persons who may be in distress. This association has largely contributed to the relief of the poor and desti- tute of the city, — in one year it relieved, and provided with places, over 600 young and old. The society pub- lishes a paper semi-monthly, entitled " The Advocate and Guardian^'''' which has a circulation of about 15,000 copies ; it has also published over 10,000 tracts, &c.
THE HOUSE AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY
Has its rooms No. 100 West Sixteenth street. It was organized in 1850.
THE SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR WIDOWS WITH SMALL CHILDREN,
Was organized in 1797, by the efforts of the late Mrs. Isabella Graham. Its average number of persons re- lieved, is about 200 widows and 500 children. Mrs. L. Perkins, 1st Directress, 78 West Fourteenth street.
THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY,
In the Five Points, near Centre and Pearl streets, con ducted by the Rev. Mr. Pease, is another praiseworthy institution. Placed in the very midst of squalid poverty and crime, this excellent charity has achieved great results in rescuing and reclaiming the youth of vicious parentage. Mr. Pease's institution dates back only to 1848, yet thus far has its progress been incomparably the most successful of any of the numerous noble chari- ties of New York. Persevering through numberless difficulties, Mr. Pease at length has achieved a great success in his laudable endeavors. He has now from 100 to 200 inmates, rescued from the purlieus of YJoe 4*
46 CITY OF NEW YOEK.
and poverty ; hopefully engaged in his " House of In- dustry." Since its foundation, between 800 and 900 women have been sent out to places in the country. By his economical plan, the major part of the expenses of the establishment have been defrayed by the pro- ductive labor of the inmates.
There are many other philanthropic societies in New York, which it is not necessary to detail, as they may be found briefly named in the City Directory. The more prominent are the following benevolent societies :
ODD FELLOWS HALL.
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number, in New York city, about 90 lodges, and about 12 encamp- ments, including many thousand members ; many of the lodges have tine halls, in various parts of this city and the neighboring cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Jersey City, &c. ; but tlie grand rendezvous of the order, is the large brown-stone building at the corner of Grand and Centre streets, erected at a cost of $125,000. This imposing edifice presents a noble appearance, being sub- stantially built, lofty, and surmounted by a dome. It contains a series of highly ornamented lodge-rooms, richly furnished and in different styles of architecture : some Egyptian, Grecian, Elizabethan, &c. These ele- gant apartments are well worth a visit. The average receipts of the association which owns this edifice, is estimated at about $75,000. Their distribution in the form of benefactions to the sick and poor, is on a scale of corresponding liberality.
ANCIENT AND HONORABLE FRATERNITY OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS.
The M. W. Grand Lodge of the ancient and honorable fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, meets at such commodious place as may be appointed on the 1st Tuesday in March, June, Septem- ber, and December. Subordinate lodges meet every
Odd Fello^vs' Hall. (p. 42.
BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 47
evening in Crosby street, corner of Broome street, and at Odd Fellows Hall, Grand and Centre streets.
THE SAILORS SNUG HAEBOR,
An Asylum for aged and infirm seamen, is situated on the north side of Staten Island. It was founded by Capt. Randall in 1801, and incorporated in 1806 in New York ; the present noble building on Staten Island, measures 225 feet in length, with 160 acres of ground; about 300 aged and disabled seamen are here supported. Near the Quarantine grounds, are the Seamen's Retreat for the sick, and the Home for Sailor'^s Children^ also the Marine Hospital^ which is supported by an emigrant tax of $2 on every cabin passenger, native of a foreign country, and 50 cents for every steerage passenger. The fund from these sources, amounts to nearly $100,000 per annum. There is yet another benevolent marine society, styled The American Seamen's Friend Society^ whose object is to bring good influences to bear upon this class, by preaching, and by opening boarding-houses, reading-rooms, savings banks, &c.
The Marine Society's office, is at 38 Burling Slip. St. George's Society of New York, 40 Exchange Place. St. Andreic's Society^ 90 Broadway. St. David's " 93 Canal street. St. Nicholas " 11 Wall street. N'eiD England " Astor House. Italian Benevolent Society^ 685 Broadway. Irish Emigrant " 51 Chambers street.
Hilernian Benevolent Society^ 42 Prince street. German Society of New York, 5 Battery Place. Hebrew Benevolent Society.^ 8d. Av. and E. 77th. St. German Mutual Society^ 136 Canal street. Friendly Sons of St. Patrick^ 9 Warren street.
The respective addresses of Societies not given in this list, are to be found in the New York Directory.
48 CITY OP NEW YORK.
THE PEOPLE'S BATHING AND WASHING ESTABLISH- MENT,
No. 141 Mott street, near Grand street, is another benevolent institution; it is, in fact, a charity of the most effective kind; since it induces cleanliness, and prevents sickness among the poor. It is much fre- quented: in a single day (summer time), as many as 750 bathers have availed themselves of the establish- ment. The charge is from 5 to 10 cents admission. This institution is supported in part by subscriptions.
There are many other public societies established in N<>w York, for the protection and improvement of the poor and the refractory. There are, independent of these, numerous religious associations, having for their object the religious culture of the destitute.
LITEKAEY AKD SCIENTIFIC INSTnU- TIONS.
THE ASTOR LIBRARY,
Situated on Lafayette Place, near Astor Place, is justly regarded as the library collection of the continent. Its literary treasures comprise some of the rarest and most valuable productions of art extant. Dr. Cogswell, the learned Librarian, has collected from all parts of the old world a vast accumulation of costly works in all de- partments of human knowledge; including about 1000 bibliographical books, and numerous superbly illustrat- ed works of great rarity and value, on almost all sub- jects— science, history, biography, philology, &c., «&c. It already contains nearly 100,000 volumes, and further additions are constantly being made to this collection, by the munificence of its founder, John Jacob Astor, who endowed it with the sura of $400,000.
LITERAEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITITTIONS. 49
This stately edifice, built of brick, ornamented with brown stone, is of the Romanesque style, and of great symmetrical beauty. Its interior, however, is much more imposing. The entrance to the Library Hall is by a flight of 38 marble steps leading to the second story. This splendid hall is richly decorated with 14 piers finished in imitation of Italian marble, and over these are galleries ranged on either side, inclosed with gilt iron railings. These upper galleries are reached by eight spiral stairways. The height of the Library is near 50 feet, and in the centre of the ceiling is a large skylight, measuring 54 feet by 14, and at each side smaller lights ; there are no other windows, these how- ever afibrd sufficient light for the building. In the east end are inclosures railed in, and the Librarian's rooms. In the lower, or first floor, are the Lecture room and Reading rooms. The floors are of mosaic work. A visit to this noble institution, with its rich and rare col- lection of sumptuous books, will become a necessity to all who have any love for literature and art.
In the year 1857, William B. Astor, Esq., made a do- nation, to the Trustees, of the adjoining lot; upon which another structure, in all respects corresponding with the first, has just been erected. Thus the Astor Library has now doubled its proportions — forming the most imposing architectural edifice of its class in the United States. This new building was o;>ened to the public in the Autumn of 1859 — immediately after the return of Dr. Cogswell from Europe with a further collection of literary spoils.
THE COOPER UNION
Is a noble building erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of Kew York, and is devoted to the " moral, intellectual, and physical improvement of his countrymen." The build- ing covers an entire block, having a front on Third Av- enue of 195 feet, on Fourth Avenue 155, on Eighth street 143, and on Seventh street 86. It is in the im- mediate vicinity of the new " Bible House," the " Astor
50 CITY OF NEW YORK.
Library," the " Mercantile Library," and the rooms of various literary and scientific societies. In the base- ment is a large lecture-room, 125 feet long by 85 wide and 21 high; and this, and also the first and second stories, which are arranged for stores and offices, are rented, so as to produce a revenue to meet the annual expenses of the "Institute," The "Institute" proper — or the "Union" — commences with the third story, in which is an " exhibition-room," 30 feet high and 125 by 82, lighted from above by a dome. The fourth story may be considered as a part of the third, being a con- tinuation of galleries with alcoves for painting and sculpture. In the fifth story are two large lecture- rooms ; and the library, consisting of five rooms, which connect with each other and with the lecture-rooms. There are also rooms for experiments, for instruments, and for the use of artists. The cost of the building is about $300,000, and the annual income from the rented parts is from $25,000 to $30,000. The whole is under the control of a Board of Directors for the benefit of the public; the course of lectures, the library, and the reading-rooms being all free. In the munificence both of the gift and the endowment, the " Cooper Institute" stands as a monument to its noble-hearted founder more enduring than the pyramids. The School of De- sign for women has rooms in this building.
In Twenty-third street, corner of Lexington Avenue, was established in 1848, by the Board of Education of the city of New York, in pursuance of an act passed May 7, 1847, for the purpose of providing higher edu- cation for such pupils of the Common Schools as may wish to avail themselves thereof. The Free Academy is under the general superintendence of the Board of Education ; but it is specially under the supervision of an Executive Committee, for its care, government, and management, appointed by the Board. All its expenses
IITERAET AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 51
for instruction, apparatus, library, cabinet collections, books, and stationery, are paid out of the public treasury.
The cost of the ground was $37,810, the edifice, $75,000, and the interior furniture, apparatus, &c., $26,867. The building measures 125 feet by 80, and will accommodate 1000 pupils.
The students are admitted in annual classes, and the full course of study embraces five years.
The Board of Education is authorized by law to con- fer the usual collegiate degrees on the recommendation of the faculty.
Graduates may become " Resident Graduates," and continue their studies at option. The Academical stud- ies during Term time, continue daily (except Saturday and Sunday) from a quarter before 9 o'clock a. m. to 3 o'clock p. M.
MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Occupy the Clinton Hall building in Astor Place, Eighth street. This noble establishment comprises a fine li- brary, reading-room, and lecture-room, also cabinets of minerals, &c. Its literary collections numbering be- tween 40 and 50,000 volumes, in the several depart- ments of general knowledge, including also a valuable series of periodical works, unsurpassed by any other institution. The number of its members at the present time exceeds 4000. This institution, originally estab- lished for the use of clerks, has been since thrown open to the public on payment of the subscription, $5 per an- num. Clerks pay $1 initiation fee, and $2 subscription.
THE NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY
Is situated in University Place, near Twelfth street. This time-honored institution, founded in 1754, pos- sesses a fine collection of books in general literature, numbering about 38,000 volumes. Permanent mem- bers of this institution, by the payment of $25, and the annual fee of $6, become stockholders. Tem- porary members are admitted on the payment of $10
52 OITT OF NEW TOEK.
per annum. To all these literary establishments, visit- ors are admitted.
THE CITY LIBRARY
Is in the City Hall, and is free to all persons.
THE NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE
Have a valuable library of law books at No. 41 Cham- bers street. Open daily.
THE PRINTERS' FREE LIBRARY,
Located at No. 3 Chambers street, has over 4000 vol- umes. It is open every Saturday evening.
THE WOMAN'S LIBRARY
Is in the New York University Building, fronting on Washington Square.
THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Is a society of scientific men, formed for the study of natural history. Its rooms are in Fourteenth street, near the 4th Avenue. It possesses a good library, and a large museum of minerals, plants, aud specimens of natural history. It is accessible to the public.
THE APPRENTICE'S LIBRARY,
containing about 16,000 volumes for the use of youth- ful apprentices, is in the Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broad- way, near Grand street.
THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE,
No. 20 Fourth Aveuue, has a collection of upwards of 8000 volumes. There is a school attached for the edu- cation of the children of mechanics.
LITERARY AND SOIKNTIFIO INSTITUTIONS. 53
THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
Established upwards of half a century, have a noble edifice on the corner of Eleventh street and Second Avenue. It is an elegant fire-proof structure, built of yellow sandstone from the province of New Brunswick, and is splendidly fitted up. Its literary collections con- sist of rare and valuable books pertaining to the history and antiquities of the country ; also medals, coins, maps, engravings, &c. The Library comprises about ^^0,000 volumes. There is a fine Picture-gallery in the uppermost story ; the Library Hall, Lecture-room, and various ofl&ces are characterized by great architectural beauty. Recently there have been added a fine collec- tion of Nineveh Marbles, presented by James Lenox, Esq., and Dr. Abbott's Egyptian Collection (obtained by liberal subscription), one of the most valuable mu- seums of Egyptian antiquities in the world. The meet- ings of the society are held on the first Tuesday of each month ; there are also occasional Lectures given, in ad- dition to the regular series. Hon. Luther Bradish is the President, and the membership of the association numbers about 1500, including the leading literary men of the country.
AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
Founded in 1842. The first President of this society was the late Albert Gallatin, formerly Secretary of the Treasury, &c., who held the ofl5ce until his death in 1849. The object of the society is "the prosecution of in- quiries into the origin, progress, and characteristics of the various races of men." This society has collected a large amount of materials, and has published three volumes of Transactions. The meetings are held at the houses of members, on the second Tuesday in each month.
54 CITY OF NEW YORK:.
THE NEW YOEK JUVENILE ASYLTTM,
A fine stone edifice, situated near High Bridge, is a home and reformatory for neglected children. The asy- lum, by its charter, becomes the legal guardian of all such children as may be committed to it by the volun- tary act of their parents or by the precept of a police magistrate. The institution owes its origin to Dr. J. D. Russ of this city, so favorably known for his exertions in establishing the New York Institution for the Blind. The success of the institution has been largely promoted by A. R. Wetmore, Esq., who has been its president and financier almost from its organization. It occupies about 20 acres of ground, which is in part cultivated by the children, who, during their stay in the asylum, are instructed in all the branches of a common school edu- cation. As soon as their improvement will warrant their removal, they are sent to the Great "West and in- dentured, where, in a few years, instead of being drawn into the vortex of crime as they almost inevitably would have been if left unprotected in our streets, they will many of them become our law-makers and occupy places of trust. The institution has a House of Reception for 200 children, at No. 71 West Thirteenth street. All children, when first committed, must remain in this house ten days, to aiford their parents an opportunity of reclaiming them. The two buildings can accommo- date about TOO. Take Hudson River railroad or Man- hattanville stages to Fort Washington or High Bridge.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
This society have rooms in the Bible House, corner of Third Avenue and Ninth street. The Association has a reading-room which is entirely distinct from the li- brary and department for committee and other meet- ings. Devotional services are held on Wednesday and Saturday evenings. Young men, strangers, and the public are cordially invited.
r,N.- V
Vs^J^^VSk^^-^^"^ '^'^
NEvr York University
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 55
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE,
At Cooper Union, has also a select library of works, principally relating to the inventive and mechanic arts. Under the auspices of this association have been held the annual fairs for the purpose of exhibiting the pro- gress of new inventions in science and art.
THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY
Of IsTew York, hold their monthly meetings at the Historical Society's rooms, in Second Avenue.
THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
Is located on the east side of Washington Square, and forms a noble architectural ornament, being of the English collegiate style of architecture. The Univer- sity was established in 1831, and has ever maintained its high reputation. It has a chancellor, and a corps of professors in the various departments of learning. There is also a grammar school connected with the institution; also a valuable library, philosophical ap- paratus, &c. The edifice is of marble, and measures about 200 feet in front by 100 in depth: it presents a very beautiful appearance as seen through the thick foliage of the park. The great central gothic window lights the chapel of the University; divine service is held here every Sunday at the usual hours. The prin- cipal entrance is by the centre door, up a flight of marble steps. In the upper parts of the building are several chambers and offices, occupied by various so- cieties, literary persons, and artists.
COLUMBIA COLLEGE,
Originally chartered by George II., in 1754, nnder the
title of King's College, till within a short period, stood
5
56 CITY OF NEW TOKK.
in Park Place. The present edifice is on Forty-ninth street, near the Fifth Avenue. It has a president and 12 professors ; a choice library of rare classical works of about 18,000 volumes, museum, &c. A grammar school is attached to the institution, over which a pro- fessor presides as rector.
PUBLIC AND WAKD SCHOOLS.
By the report of the Board of Education, we find that there are in New York city, 275 ward schools, including 19 for colored children, evening schools, normal and primary schools. The average annual cost of sustaining these free institutions of popular instruc- tion, amounts to over one million; — which sum is raised for the most part by taxation, and the balance being derived from the State appropriation. The whole number taught in the schools during the year, was over 150,000, including about 3,000 colored chil- dren. This estimate, however, comprehends about 10,000 belonging to the various benevolent institutions, the Orphan Asylum, House of Industry, and several others, as well as the Free Academy.
The rooms of the Board of Education are located on the corner of Grand and Elm streets.
WAED SCHOOL, No. 44,
On the corner of North Moore and Yarick streets, is a fair specimen of school architecture in the city ; being one of the most beautiful and commodious school edi- fices in the city.
NEW BIBLE HOUSE. 57
THE NEW BIBLE HOUSE,
Which is approached from Broadway through Astor Place, occupies three fourths of an acre of ground, bounded by Third and Fourth Avenues, and Eighth and Ninth streets. The form of this gigantic edifice is nearly triangular. It has a front of 198 feet on Fourth Avenue, 202 on Eighth street, 96 on Third Avenue, and 282 on Ninth street. Its average deptli is about 50 feet. It is the property of the American Bible Soci- ety. This imposing-looking edifice, which is substanti- ally built of brick, with stone facings, cost nearly $300,000. The principal entrance, which is on the Fourth Avenue, has four columns, surmounted with cornice. In the fourth story is a stone figure repre- senting Religion holding a Bible.
The receipts of the Society, at the first year of its organization in 1816-17, were $37,779.35 ; its receipts since then amount to about $5,000,000. It has put in circulation about nine millions of Bibles and Testa- ments; and given some $500,000 to various Missionary Stations to aid in the publications of the Holy Scrip- tures. It has supplied thousands of seamen and crimi- nals with copies; as well as distributed hundreds of thousands to private families, hotels, &c., in every part of the United States. It has produced editions of the Bible, or portions of it, in about 24 difierent dialects, and aided in issuing it in others. In tliis spacious building the following Societies have their Rooms, viz • the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions, the American Home Missionary Society, the New York Colonization Soci- ety, Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews, the House of Refuge, Children's Aid Society, Home of the Friendless. Nearly 600 persons are employed in the Bible House when in full oi)eration.
58 CITT OF NEW YORK.
COLLEGE OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER.
This institution, situated on Fifteenth j-treet, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, was founded in 1850, and in- corporated as a University in 186*. "With its Graminar School it contains about four hundred pupils. The library contains about 15,000 volumes. The Rev. Jo- seph Loyzance is president.
MANHATTAN COLLEGE. This newly incorporated University is situated at Manhattan vDle.
THEOLOGICAL i:n'stitutio:n:s.
THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Is situated No. 9 University Place, between Waverley Place and Eighth street. The principal edifice com- prises four large lecture rooms, a chapel, library of 16,000 volumes, and studies, also other rooms for stu- dents. It has 6 professors, and usually about 100 stu- dents. It was founded in 1836.
THE GEKrERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Of the ^Episcopal Church is situated in Twentieth street, corner of Ninth Avenue, near the Hudson, two miles from the City Hall. There are two handsome buildings of stone, for the accommodation of professors and stu- dents. The Board of Trustees consists of all the bish- ops, and one trustee from each diocese in the United States. The institution is well endowed and in a flour- ishing condition.
PICTUKE GALLEKIES, &c.
THE ARTISTS' STUDIO BUILDING
Is a fine brick edifice in Tenth street, near the Sixth Avenue, and occupied by artists, &c.
PIOTIJRE GALLERIES, ETC. 59
THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN.
The new building for the N'ational Academy of De- sign is one of the most remarkable structures in the city. Principally so, because it is the most prominent example thus far set before the public, of the effort now being made to revive the Gothic Architecture of the Thir- teenth Century in its true spirit, and adapt it to our own circumstances, materials, and necessities. The public have, unfortunately, been led to call it Venetian Gothic ; and, from its similarity in proportion, and the fact that the upper story is decorated with diagonal lines of color introduced into the wall itself, and has no windows, that it is a copy of the famous Ducal Palace. But a careful examination, in comparison with a good photograph of that building, will dispel the delusion.
The carvings on the capitals of the first and second stories are well worthy of careful examination, and are more particularly remarkable from the fact that they are almost entirely designed by the men who carved them, and are the result of careful study from natural leaves and flowers. The work of the architect, in con- nection with this decorative work, consisted principally of instructions given to the workmen in the art of de- sign applied to their own work.
The fronts of the building are built of white "West- chester county marble, banded with grey-wacke. The ornamental iron work of the exterior is worthy of care- ful attention, being entirely wrought out on the anvil. The main entrance-gates are wonderful for their light- ness, careful finish, and strength, being the most elabo- rate piece of architectural wrought-iron in this country.
The building is finished throughout with white pine, ash, mahoganj', oak, and black walnut, — no paint being used, but all the woods showing their natural grain.
The grand staircase approaching the galleries is of solid oak, trimmed with walnut, finished in wood on the under as well as upper sides.
The interior accommodations consist as follows : On
60 CITY OF NEW YORK.
the first floor are the janitor's apartments and the schools, with their appropriate dressing rooms. On the second story are the reading-room, libraries, council- room, and lecture-room, together with necessary re- tiring rooms and an ofiice for business. On the third story are the grand central hall, four picture galleries, and the sculpture-room. This edifice has been erected at a cost of about $150,000, under the superintendence of the architect, P. B. Wright, Esq., of this city.
The annual exhibitions of the Academy are held during the months of April, May, June, and July, during which the building is open to the public for a small admission fee. The works of living artists only are exhibited, and no pictures are accepted that have been previously exhibited in New York.
The exhibition of the Artists' Fund Society is gener- ally held in the galleries of the Academy, and takes place in November and December, annually. It is a noble charity, devoted to the relief of sick and poor artists,
THE INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS Is situated at 625 Broadway. This is a fine collection of paintings and statuary.
THE NEW YOKE PRESS.
There are about fifteen daily papers published in New York, with an aggregate circulation of 140,000 copies. About two thirds of this number are distributed in the city, the balance are sent by mail to various parts of the country. Most of the offices are accessible to public in- spection during the hours of 2 to 4 o'clock.
THE TIMES OFFICE
Is situated at the end of Park Row, facing Chatham
street. It is an attractive architectural ornament to
this active centre of the printing business. In the
5*
4t
CITY OF NEW YOEE. 61
vicinity are the N. Y. Tribune office, the Tract Society, the Sunday Times, the Sunday Courier, the Mercury, and other papers. On the Nassau side of the Times building are the Observer, Scientific American, tlie Century, the United States Journal, &c. On this ac- count this site has been recently styled "Printing House Square,"
The New York Times building, erected during the panic year, and first occupied on the first day of May, 1858, is a noble structure, constructed of stone and iron, and perfectly fireproof; five stories in height; the walls a fight olive-colored stone, brought from Nova Scotia. Complete in all its appointments, this building deserves especial mention, if for no other reason than that it is the only newspaper office in the United States which combines within itself the requisites of thorough fitness and the elegance of refined taste. Our readers, we are assured, will be interested in a description of the parts of this establishment.
The site is that which was for many years occupied by the Old Brick Church (the Rev. Dr. Spring's), an ancient place of worship, erected at the period when green fields adorned the space now densely crowded with great warehouses, stores, and banks; when honest Old Knickerbockers held the site of the Park to be a journey out of town ; and where the bones of early residents of the city were solemnly laid in earth that is now undermined by lighted vaults and rendered vocal by the ceaseless clash of ponderous machinery.
Thus much for the exterior. "We descend into the spacious vaults which run down and out towards the centre of the square. The peculiar fitness of the loca- tion for the purposes of a newspaper establishment is here displayed in perfection. No daily paper of circu- lation so large as that of the Times (40,000) can dis- pense with the use of Hoe's lightning press. That magnificent piece of machinery is necessarily bulky, and requires ample space. The press-room vaults of the Times are of extraordinary dimensions, extending
62
THE NEW YOEK PEESS.
around the three fronts of the building, and having the following measurements: On Spruce street, one hun- dred by twenty-six feet ; on Park row, one hundred by twenty feet; on Nassau street, ninety-five by fifteen feet, with a uniform depth of twenty-four feet below the curb. These vaults are far the finest ever con- structed in New York.
On the Nassau street or easterly side are the steam boilers and engine; on the northerly side, two im- mense power-presses, of Hoe's manufacture, one ten- cylinder and one six-cylinder, are placed. On the Park row side are the folding and mailing rooms and the storerooms for paper — the latter opening to the pavement above by means of a huge movable vault- light, which admits of the passage of the largest reams of paper required in printing. The vaults are admira- bly lighted, and an excellent ventilation is sustained.
The various editorial, composing, and other offices of the establishment are upon a most extended scale. The cost of the edifice and ground, amounted to something less than $300,000.
The Herald Office and vaults, as well as those of the Tribune,, are also of similar gigantic proportions. The Sui^ in Fulton street, at the corner of Nassau street, has also immense vaults. The Evening Post is issued from the corner of Nassau and J iber-y streets.
---'.sv»v,',iva.5i -,t.
St. DEXIS llOTKL. (p. 02.)
CITY OF NEW YOBK. 6S
PLACES OF AMUSEMEJ^T.
THE NEW BOWERY THEATRE,
Situated on the Bowery, near Hester street, is one of the finest edifices of its kind in this country. It is capable of accommodating 6,000 people, and is esti- mated to have cost $80,000.
WALLACE'S THEATRE,
on Broadway, corner of Thirteenth street, is a well- conducted theatre. It is usually successful in its enter- tainments.
OLYMPIC THEATRE.
No. 622 Broadway, is another fashionable resort, as is also
NIBLO'S GARDEN,
The entrance to which is under the Metropolitan Hotel.
THE WINTER GARDEN,
FoEMERLY THE METROPOLITAN Theatre, is on Broad- way, opposite Bond street. The interior arrangement is admirable, as a good view of the stage can be had from any part of the house.
64 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.
THE BOWERY THEATRE,
Situated in the Bowery, near Canal street, occupies the site upon which three theatres have been succes- sively burnt and rebuilt. The present edifice is of the Doric order of architecture. This place of entertain- ment is usually celebrated for spectacle and the broader kind of humor.
SABNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM,
Founded 1810, is at the corner of Broadway and Ann street, contains several large halls, 100 feet in length, filled with curiosities of every description : besides numerous paintings, a mineralogical collection, and other objects of interest.
THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM
Is located in the '^ew York Historical Society Building. It contains several hundred relics, collected with great care and industry by the learned Dr. Abbott, during a residence of twenty years on the banks of the Nile. Here are to be seen mummied men and quadrupeds, the elates of the school-boys in Pharaoh's time, and the re- mains of the lamps that were used to lighten the dark- ness of Egypt. Many of the objects here are three thousand years old.
THE NEW YORK STADT THEATRE,
In the Bowery, nearly opposite the Bowery Theatre, is a German Opera House, and has a well-selected company.
THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC,
On the corner of Irving Place and Fourteenth street, is the largest theatre in New York, and the most elegant in its appointments. It occupies an area of 24,000 square feet. The theatre measures ]21 feet by 114, and will seat about 4000 persons. The several tiers of
Hotel Diez, late Puescott House, Broadway, cor. Spring St Frederick Diez, Proprietor.
CITY OF NEW YORK. 65
boxes are beautifully decorated with gilt ornaments and chandeliers: and the dome is richly painted in panels, representing Music, Poetry, Comedy, and Tra- gedy. The building is well constructed for sound, and in its various appointments admirably adapted as a place of popular amusement. The cost of the ground and building is estimated at $350,000.
BRYANT'S MINSTRELS,
No. 472 Broadway, is one of the best of places " to wile away an hour." It was in this hall that Ethiopian Minstrelsy first found " a local habitation and a name." The place is well worthy of a visit.
cakme:n'.
The prices authorized by law for carmen, for ordi- nary loads, within the distance of half a mile, is 50 cents ; if over that, and within a mile, one third more may be charged ; for any greater distance, in the same proportion. If a carman charges beyond the legal rates, he cannot collect any thing for his services ; but he is not obliged to deliver goods conveyed by hira until his legal charge be paid. Every carman is re- quired to have his number distinctly marked on his cart.
66 HOTELS.
HOTELS.
New York is justly distinguished for the number and niagnificence of its hotels. On the line of Broadway there are upwards of 25 of these stately and capacious buildings. In other parts of the city they no less abound, although less costly in their appointments. It ■will be necessary to detail the more important of these hotels separately.
THE ASTOR HOUSE,
The first colossal edifice of its class, was built over 20 years ago, of solid granite, and although so many others have arisen since, tljis well-appointed and ex- tensive establishment still retains its high position. It is capable of accommodating 600 guests.
Several of the hotels are conducted upon the Euro- pean plan — the guests hiring tlieir rooms, with or with- out board. Of these we might mention
THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL,
The first floor and basements of which are occupied by Taylor's world-renowned saloons, and which form one of the greatest objects of interest to the stranger, there being nothing in the world comparable to them, from five to ten thousand persons taking refreshments daily. The hotel building was erected some seven years since, at a cost of over $500,000. It should be seen by all strangers.
MOORE'S MADISON SQUARE HOTEL,
Corner of Twenty-first street and Broadway. Well ar- ranged for families and transient company. J. L. Moore, proprietor.
THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL,
Situated on Broadway, corner of Prince street, is built of brown stone, and is six stories in height. The cost of this building and ground was upwards of $800,000. It is furnished throughout in the most splendid and
.ri ';;:'. ,.)
CITY OF NEW YORK. 67
costly style, having all the accommodations and con- veniences that the most luxurious taste could devise. The entire establishment is heated by steam, and has a ventilating process. The cost of the interior decora- tions and furniture has been estimated at about $200,000 ; making the whole investment in this superb establish- ment, one million of dollars. It is stated that the water and gas pipes, which are carried throughout all the apartments of this mammoth hotel, measure 12 miles; and there are 13,000 yards of carpeting spread over its 400 or 500 rooms, which, with the superb drapery, cost $40,000; the furniture, $50,000; the mirrors (including some of the largest ever imported), $18,000; the silver- ware, $14,000 — not to mention other items.
THE ST. NICHOLAS,
Occupying about 300 feet on Broadway, corner of Spring St., stands a monument of architectural beauty, of the Oorintliian order and of marble. The immense fa^ade^ six stories high, is of surpassing elegance. It was erected in 1854, at a cost of over a million of dol- lars. Within the portico of the main entrance, support- ed by four Corinthian pillars with rich capitals, the spectator looks down a columned vista two hundred feet in length and averaging sixty feet in width. The upper part of the house, reached by a massive staircase of polished oak, is divided into three sections commu- nicating by corridors, and contains six hundred rooms. On the second and third floors are one hundred suites of apartments. The three largest dining-rooms com- fortably accommodate six hundred guests. The pub- lic rooms and chambers are decorated and furnished in the most sumptuous style, while the immense corri- dors ar€ carpeted entire with the richest tapestry fab- rics, rendering the step inaudible, and lighted by mag- nificent chandeliers and candelabras placed at short in- tervals throughout their whole extent. The fourth, fifth, and sixth floors are devoted to private parlors, o-hambers, and single rooms. The original disburse-
68
HOTELS.
meiit for mirrors amounted to $40,000, and the service of silver ware and Sheffield plate cost $50,000. What- ever ornament wealth could purchase or skill produce has been lavished upon this palatial structure, in which one thousand guests may enjoy all of the comforts and luxuries of life.
From the telegraph office in the bar-room, messages may be transmitted to almost any part of the Union. More than three hundred waiters are in attendance. The hotel is lighted by gas. The daily expenses of the St. Nicholas are $1,500. As a security against fire the entire establishment can be deluged with water in five minutes.
THE PRESCOTT HOUSE
Occupies the opposite corner of Spring street, being Nos. 529 and 531 Broadway. The hotel was so named in honor of the celebrated American historian. It is built of brick with quaintly wrought stone work about the windows. The spacious triple-columned and highly ornamented entrance hall is one of the finest in the country.
Except in magnitude, this hotel building is of sur- passing beauty. The ceilings are elaborately panelled, carved, and profusely adorned with gilding. The floors of the principal rooms and halls are covered with tiles of various rich colors, arranged in a carpet-like pattern, which contrast beautifully with the white and gold of the walls and ceiling. A considerable part of the fur- niture of the Prescott House was made to order in Paris and London.
THE CLARENDON
Is another elegant establishment on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth street, in the vicinity of Union and Graraercy Park. This hotel is divided into suites of apart'nents, with all the modern improvements and adornm.'ats of taste. It is of the Elizabethan order of archite- ire, and cost $80,000.
CITY OF NEW YORK.
ST. DENIS HOTEL.
69
Opposite Grace Church, and only three blocks beloTV Union Square and the Academy of Music, is the St. Denis Hotel. It is architecturally one of the hand- somest buildings on Broadway, occupying seventy-six feet on that thoroughfare, and one hundred and twenty on Eleventh street. Besides parlors, reception-rooms, and reading-rooms, the St. Denis contains over one hundred and fifty well lighted and ventilated apartments. The hotel is kept on the European plan, and like the Prescott is the frequent resort of wealthy and distin- guished foreigners. The "up town" location of the St. Denis is on the most fashionable part of Broadway.
THE EVERETT HOUSE,
Located on the north side of Union Square and Seven- teenth street, from its position is, like the Clarendon, a convenient and delightful place for visitors, being not only in the fashionable part of the city, but also con tiguous to the cars, stages, &c.
THE LA FARGE HOUSE,
In Broadway, facing Bond street, is a magnificent struc- ture, with a frontage of 200 feet, seven stories high, and built of marble, it was completed in 1856 ; its estimated cost being $250,000. Its interior arrangements are par- allel with those of the other magnificent establishments on Broadway, and like them, is usually much resorted to by visitors. Like the Prescott House, it is capable of accommodating 400 guests.
THE NEW YOKE HOTEL,
Broadway, extending from Washington to Waverley Place, is another large and fashionable house, and ad- mirable in all its departments.
THE BREVOORT HOUSE,
On tbe Fifth Avenue, corner of Eiprjith street, is a no-
70 HOTELS.
ble and spacious Hotel, fitted up in elegant style, and being on the great avenue of fashion, commands a fine view of the heau monde.
THE NEW FIFIH AVENUE HOTEL,
Under the control of Col. Stevens, is an object of special note. In addition to its beautiful site — being opposite to the shrubbery of Madison Square — it stretches its fagades of white marble down Twenty- third and Twenty-fourth streets, both equally known as among the most aristocratic of our thorouglifares. In its internal arrangements, it is unsurpassed — fur- nishing entire accommodation for eiglit hundred guests, and containing more than one hundred suites of apartments, each combining the conveniences and luxury of parlor, chamber, dressing, and bathing rooms. All the rooms, besides being well lighted and ventilated, will have means of access by a perpendicu- lar railway — intersecting each story — in addition to the broad and capacious corridors and stairways, indepen- dent of the ordinary and usual approaches from floor to floor.
As to location, tlis hotel is much nearer the termini of the Eastern and Northern Railroads than others fur- ther down tovs^n, and from the evidence of the march of improvement, it must continue to be the centre of civilization for man}^ years to come. It will be the most eligible for Southerners, not only as a transient stopping-place en route^ but as a delightful home during those periods devoted to summer recreation.
THE ALBEMARLE,
Another very elegant hotel, is situated at the corner oi Broadway and 24th street.
First Phesij yteuian Ciiur.cii, 5tli Avenue, (p. 69.)
CITY OF NEW YOEK. 71
THE CHURCHES OF NEW YORK.
It is estimated that there are about 300 churches in New York; many of them being of great elegance. "We annex brief notices of the more prominent and noteworthy.
TRINITY CHURCH.
Fronting Wall street, with its portals invitingly open every day in the year, stands Trinity Church, a beauti- ful temple of worship, in strange contiguity with the busy marts where '* merchants most do congregate." It is the third edifice of the kind erected upon the spot, the first having been destroyed in the great fire ot 1776. This fine gothic structure was completed in 1846, having been seven years in building, under the careful superintendence of Mr. Upjohn, the architect. The church is 192 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and 60 in height. The interior will richly repay examination. Among many relics there carefully preserved, is an elaborate chancel service of silver, presented to the corporation by Queen Anne.
The steeple towers up 284 feet in height; the walls of the church are nearly 50 feet high, and the whole edifice, both as to its exterior and interior, is regard- ed by most persons as the most elegant and cathedral- like of the churches of the city. Do not forget to as- cend the steeple to get a panoramic view of the city.
The grave-yard of Old Trinity occupies nearly an entire block. Within it are the venerated tombs of Alexander Hamilton, the statesman and friend of Washington ; the heroic commander Lawrence, and many other illustrious public men.
72 cnuEOHES.
Adjoining Trinity buildings, and a few feet from Broadway, stands the monumental tribute of the Cor- poration of Trinity Church to the honored " Sugar House Martyrs." Of finely cut and ornamented brown stone, it presents a graceful appearance, while it at- tracts the especial interest of every American patriot from the fact, that the ground immediately under and around it, is rich with the a&hes of our Revolutionary fathers.
ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL,
The third Episcopal church establisliedin the city, was erected in 1766. It stands between Fulton and Vesey streets, opposite Barnum's Museum. The length of the edifice is 151 feet, and the width 73 feet. The steeple is 203 feet high.
On the front, in a niche of red sandstone, in the centre of a large pediment supported by four Ionic columns, is a white marble statue of St. Paul, leaning on a sword. Also in the front part of the niche there is inserted a slab of white marble, bearing an inscription to the memory of General Montgomery, who fell at Quebec during the Revolution, and whose remains were removed to New York by order of the State in 1818. At the lower side of the church, facing Broadway, is an obelisk of white marble, erected in honor of Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irish patriot and barrister, who died here in 1827. The inscriptions are in Latin, Irish, and English.
ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL
(Episcopal). This is one of the associate churches of the Trinity Corporation. It is located facing St John's Park, on a line with Varick street. It is not modern in style, but yet a very noble looking edifice. It is built of sandstone, and is very spacious, measur- ing 132 feet by 80. It has a deep portico in fronts formed by a pediment and four massive columns.
D E . A L E X A X L» j; II ' S C 11 U li c u . (p. 7 1.)
CITY OF Niry? YOEK.
%Z.
In all the ancient cliorches of New York city, the • plan of a collegiate charge was the rule. The ancient . Episcopal church of the city was established on this basis. Trinity church was considered the parish church, and had a collegiate charge ; St. George's, St. John's, and St. Paul's were called " Chapels." St. George's is now a distinct charge, but the other two ■ are still collegiate.
ST. MARK'S CHURCH
(Episcopal), situate in Stuyvesant street, to the east of " the Bowery, was built in its present form in 1826.
The steeple is lofty, but somewhat venerable in; appearance, which is indeed the character of the en- tire structure. The church is venerable also on account of its historic associations ; it stands on what was the estate of Petrus Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch governors, and his remains rest in a vault under the church, over which, on the east side, is a tablet indi- cating the fact. Here also repose the mortal remains of the English governor. Col. Sloughter, and those of the American governor, Tompkins. The Rev. Dr.. Vinton is the present minister.
ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH
(Episcopal). This spacious and elegant structure, the- most capacious ecclesiastical edifice in the city, is situated in East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant Square. It was erected in 1849, and for architectural beauty is entitled to the first rank among the religious edifices of New York. Its imposing exterior, and vast interior, unsupported by any visible columns, either to roof or gallery, impart to it a fine effect. Its architecture is of the Byzantine order; its length 170 feet by 9-i in width. Its entire cost $250,000. The adjoining rec- tory cost $20,000, and the chapel $10,000. The ground
'74 OHUEOHES.
upon which the church stands was given by the late Peter G. Stuy vesant. The Rev. Dr Tyng is rector.
ST. THOMAS' CHTTRCH
(Episcopal), corner of Houston street and Broadway, one of the early and best specimens of the Gothic, was erected in 1826. Its measurement is 113 by 62 feet; and is built of rough stones. A fire occurred in 1851, which burnt the interior, and to this circumstance is owing its present commodious and elegant interna! appointments. Rev. Dr. Morgan is the incumbent.
TRINITY CHAPEL
(Episcopal), situated on Twenty-fifth street, near Broad- way, and extending from Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth street, is a spacious and elegant edifice, erected by the Trinity Church Corporation, and cost $260,000. The length of the building is 180 feet; width, 54 feet. The inside walls are of Caen stone; the windows are ot richly stained glass, and the ceiling painted blue, with gilt ornaments. The floors are tiled ; and the seats are movable benches, as in the cathedrals of the Continent.
GEACE CHURCH
(Episcopal). This superb edifice, the most ornate of the ecclesiastical buildings of New York, is located in Bi-oadway, near Tenth street, and commands a fine view of the great avenue of the city, north and south. The lofty spiral and richly decorated steeple is an object of universal admiration. There is one large and two less sized doors in front. Over the main entrance is a circular window of stained glass, and two tall, oblong windows in each side of the upper section of the tower. Within is a grand array of pillars, carved work, and upwards of forty windows of stained glass, each giving diiferent hues of vision. There is a little too much of theatrical glitter in the interior, to comport with the chastened solemnities of religious worship. It was
CITY OF NEW YOEK.
75
built in 1845. Mr. Renwick was the architect. The cost of the building was $145,000. The Rev. Dr. Tay- lor is the present rector.
THE FIRST BAPTIST CHUSCH,
Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was erected in 1841. It measures 99 by 75 feet, and 70 in height, is of the Gothic order, built of rough stone, with the lintels, cornices, and battlements of brown sandstone. It was constructed during the pastorate of the late Dr. Spencer H. Cone.
THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH,
Situate on Fourth street and Lafayette Place, was built in 1839. It measures 110 feet long by 75 wide; it cost $160,000. Its exterior is very good, but its interior is characterized by simple elegance. The pulpit is of white marble. The Collegiate Dutch Church is one of the oldest establishments of the kind in the city. As- sociated with this Church Association are the " ITorth Church," in Fulton street; the new and elegant Church in Fifth Avenue, corner of Twenty-ninth street; the Ninth Street Church, and that we have just described, on Lafayette Place. The venerable Dr. De Witt and others are the officiating clergymen.
THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH,
Situate on the east side of Washington Square, was erected in 1840, of rough granite. It is in the Gothic style, with a large centre window, and two towers. Its interior is very finished and effective, especially the oniamental carved work of the organ, pulpit, &c. The entire cost of the edifice was $125,000. The Rev. Dr. fiutton has long been the minister.
ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL
(Roman Catholic), on the corner of Prince and Mott streets, was erected in 1815. This building, although
76 OHUEOHKS.
not of much architectural beauty, is very spacious, it being nearly 160 feet in length by 80 in width. The rear of the church is ornamented with Gothic windows. The interior presents an imposing effect, the ceiling be- ing very lofty, from which spring large pillars, on which are lamps pendant. It will accommodate 2000 persons.
CHURCH OF THE HOLY REDEEMER,
A new German Catholic Church, on Third street, near Avenue A, is a very costly and elegant structure. The spire is 265 feet high, and the edifice is of the Byzan- tine order. It is a most ornamental cliurch, as to its interior, having richly stained windows, broad aisles, marble columns, lofty roof, richly decorated, and a mag- nificent altar, with confessionals, &c. It is estimated at over $100,000.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
On the Fifth Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, is a fine stone building, measuring 119 feet by 80; the height of the tower being 160 feet. It cost
THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,
Corner of Thirty-fourth street and Sixth Avenue, is a new and beautiful edifice, very spacious and imposing in its aspect. Its style is Gothic, and the interior deco- rations are in excellent keeping. The organ-screen and pulpit present exquisite specimens of carved work. The Rev. Dr. Thompson is the minister.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
On Madison Avenue, facing the Square, is another brown stone church, exceedingly neat in style. Rev. Dr. Adams is the minister.
CUURCH OF THE PURITANS, (p. t2.)
CITY OF NEW TOEK. 77
THE BRICK CHURCH
(Presbyterian), situate on the corner of Thirty-seventh street and Fifth Avenue, is a spacious brick edifice, with lofty spire. Rev. Dr. Spring is the minister.
ST. PAUL'S M. E. CHURCH,
On Fourth Avenue, corner of Twenty-second street, is a new magnificent edifice, built of marble, in the Ro- manesque style. Its entire length is 146 feet, by 77 , the height of the spire is 210 feet. The cost of the church, parsonage, &c., is estimated at $130,000.
CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH,
(Unitarian), of which the Rev. Dr. Osgood is minister, is situated on the northwest corner of Madison Avenue and Twenty-eightli street.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
On the junction of Tenth street and University Place, is a neat stone edifice, measuring 116 feet by 65, exclu- sive of a lecture-room in the rear, 72 feet by 25. There is a fine Gothic window over the princii)al entrance. The tower is 184 feet in height. The cost of this, church was $56,000. Rev. Dr. Potts is the minister.
THE FOURTH UNIVERSALIS! CHURCH,
Situated on Broadway, between Spring and Princ©' streets, extends back to Crosby street, the main build- ing being on the rear of the lot. It is brick, 110 feet ^.ong, by 77 wide, and about 70 feet in height. The in- terior is in the Gothic style, and very elegant. The pulpit and organ are richly carved. The entrance from J3 roadway is of brown stone. Rev. Dr. Chapin is the; minister.
7^8 OHUEOHES.
CHimCH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION
(Episcopal), on the corner of Twentieth street and Sixth Avenue, is a singular-looking building of brown stone, in the form of a cross. Its extreme length is 104 feet, by 66 in width. The turret on the south corner is 70 feet in height. The interior is novel and imposing, although divested of ornament. It is, strictly speak- ing, the only free Episcopal Church of its class, in the upper part of the city. Strangers can enter the church with perfect freedom, and seat themselves in any part of it. There is a great want of other accommodations of this class. Will not some one of our wealthy citi- zens (while living we should prefer) endow another truly Free Episcopal Church hke this? It would be an enduring monument of Christian liberality to such a spirit. Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg is the rector.
FIFTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
On the corner of Nineteenth street and Fifth Avenue, erected in 1853, is another of tlie elegant religious edi- fices which adorn the city. Its cost is estimated at nearly $90,000. Rev. Dr. Rice is the minister.
THE FRENCH CHURCH
The congregation of the French Church, styled Eglise du St. Esprit^ has removed from Franklin street, cor- ner of Church, to 22d street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The new church is Gothic, and very elegant. It will seat about one thousand persons. The rector is the Rev. Dr. Yerren.
JEWS' SYNAGOGUES.
There are upwards of a dozen Synagogues in this city. The most notable are the following:
Shairai TepMla (Gates of Prayer), No. 112 Wooster street, near Prince street, and
CITY OF NEW TOEK. 79
Bnai JesTiurun (Sons of Jeshurun), in Greene street, near Houston street.
CALVARY CHURCH
(Episcopal), on the corner of Fourth Avenue and 21st street, was erected in 1847, at the cost of $80,000. It presents a picturesque appearance, being built of brown stone. The interior is very spacious and cathedral-like. Adjoining the church is the rectory, also in the Gothic style.
THE NEW ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL,
On the Fifth Avenue and 60th street, now in process of erection, will, when finished, become the crowning architectural ornament of the city.
THE CHURCH OF THE PURITANS
(Congregational), on Union Square, corner of 15th street, is of white marble, of the later Norman or Lombard style. The Rev. Dr. Cheever is the minister.
CHURCH OF ALL SOULS
(Unitarian), corner of Fourth Avenue and 20th street, is an eccentric and remarkable edifice, being built in the style of the Italian churches of the middle ages, of brick and delicate cream-colored stone in alternate courses. Adjoining the church, on 20th street, is the parsonage. Included in the design is to be a spire, or campanile, 300 feet high. The Rev. Dr. Bellows is the minister.
THE TABERNACLE CHURCH
(Baptist), in Second Avenue, near 10th street, adjoin- ing the Historical Society's building, is another Gothic edifice of much beauty and architectural attraction.
80 ELEGANT PEIVATE EESIDENOES.
ELEGANT PKIYATE KESIDENCES.
In order to form any adequate idea of the progress and opulence of New York, the visitor should not omit to visit the Fifth Avenue, the great centre of wealth and fashion. In other sections of the city are to be seen numerous costly private mansions, such as Lafa- yette Place, St. Mark's Place, Washington Square, Gra- mercy Park, Madison Park, Union Square, and the sev- eral streets that intersect the upper portions of the metropolis. Passing into the Fifth Avenue from Wash- ington Square, we meet at the junction of Ninth street a stately edifice, once the residence of the late Henry Brevoort. Diagonally opposite to this, on the corner of 8th street, is the Brevoort House, a first-class family hotel on a large scale. On the corner of Tenth street is a house in the style of a French chateau, the prop erty of Mr. Schiff.
On the corner of 12th street and Fifth Avenue stands the noble mansion of James Lenox. On the southeast corner of 15th street is the superb establishment occu- pied by Mr. Haight: directly opposite, that of Mr. Benkard. Turning to the corner of 16th street, to the left, may be seen the elegant mansion of Col. Thorne ; it will be distinguished by its ample court- yard.
On the right-hand corner of 16th street is the stately mansion of Mr. Lorillard Spencer, which is said to have cost $100,000. At the northeast corner of 18th street may be seen Mr. Belmont's elegant house ; and on the northwest corner of 20th street is the residence of R. L. Stuart, Esq. At the northwest corner of 34th street and Fifth Avenue is to be seen perhaps the most sumptuous private mansion in the city — that formerly owned by Dr. Townsend, since purchased by A. T Stewart. The private residence of W. B. Astor, Esq.
WHKELEK Jic "VV'ILS-iOIV'S
HIGHEST PEEMIUM
LOCK-STITCH SEVVINO MACHINES
CITY OF NEW YORK. 81
on Fifth Avenue and 33d street, is another magnificent edifice. There are numerous other superh huildings that we have not indicated, along the line of this avenue and elsewhere, which deserve a separate notice, hut this our limits forbid.
THE ATHENEUM CLUB
Have their rooms at 23 Union Place. It is an associa- tion of men of letters, artists, and members of the lib- eral professions, numbering some 400 to 500, who meet for the purposes of social intercourse, &c. The estab- lishment is elegantly furnished.
THE UNION CLUB,
On corner of Fifth Avenue and 22d street, is one of the most splendid structures in the city. It measures about' 50 feet by 100, is built in superb style of brown stone, and cost about $300,000.
THE NEW YORK CHESS CLUB
Have their rooms in the N. Y. University. It numbers about 80 members. Initiation fee, $5. Subscription, $10 per annum.
THE CENTURY CLUB Have their rooms at 42 East 15th street.
THE SKETCH CLUB,
Of New York, hold their meetings in the University buildings.
NOTABLE STOBES, ETC.
ROTABLE STOEES, ETC.
The stores of New York, being celebrated alike for the beauty of their architecture and variety of their stock, claim our special notice. Starting from down town, at No. 75 John street we find the well known house of Messrs. W. & 0. K. Herrick, who have a handsome white marble building. This firm is largely engaged in the importation of foreign stationery. From John street we pass to Fulton street, on the right-hand side of which, at the corner of Broadway, is the store of " Knox, the Hatter." Continuing up the street, we arrive at Cham- bers street, on the corner of which stands Stewart's Marble Palace, covering a space of 152 feet on Broad- way and 100 on Chambers street. At Nos. 45 & 47 Chambers street, directly opposite the City Hall, is the immense wholesale clothing house of Kirtland, Bronson &Co.
On the site of the old Broadway Theatre, Judge Whiting has erected, at a cost of $200,000, a marble building, with 75 feet front on Broadway, by 175 feet deep.
On the corner of Worth and Church streets, and oc- cupving the whole block, is the massive stone building of Messrs. 11. B. Claflin & Co.
Continuing up Broadway to the corner of Franklin street, we come to the International Hotel. The lofty saloon on the first floor, known as '" Taylor's," contains an area of seven thousand five hundred feet. The view from the two grand entrances is magnificent.
On the corner of White street and Broadway stands one of the finest specimens of architecture of which our city can boast. The building is of white marble, and is
&s®¥Me & m'^mmmi^
HIGHEST PREMIUM
ELASTIC STITCH SEWING MACHINES,
495 Broadway, New YovU.
CITY OF NEW YOKE, bO
owned by Mr. Aster. Just above this, at No. 389 Broadway, Messrs. Fowler & Wells, the phrenologists, have their rooms.
The book-publishing establishment of D. Appleton & Co., 443 & 445 Broadway, attracts attention. They manufacture Cartes de Visite Albums, and have a large Bookbindery and Printing-office in Franklin St., and are extensively engaged in the manufacture of school books.
The attention is next arrested by the elegance of a building at the corner of Broadway and Grand street. It has a front of 100 feet on Broadway and 125 feet on Grand street. The whole structure is • of highly orna- mented white marble, and is occupied by Messrs. Lord & Taylor as a dry-goods store. On the lower corner, Messrs. Devlin & Co., the clothiers, have their store, whilst on the opposite corner Messrs. Brooks Brothers, also clothiers, occupy a fine brown-stone building. Messrs. Routledge, Warne & Routledge, the great Lon- don publishers, have their agency at 129 Grand street.
On the corner of Broome street and Broadway, is Messrs. E. V. Haughwout & Oo.'s handsome iron build- ing, and next door to them, at No. 494 Broadway, is the depot of the Elliot Arms Co., whilst opposite them is another iron building, in the Gothic style, occupied by the Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. Mr. Anthony has the building next to this for his Photographic Em- porium. At No. 522 Broadway, opposite the St. Nich- olas Hotel, is James Miller's book store. Here may be found, in addition to a large and well selected stock of both English and American books, everything in the stationery line that can be desired. Next door to Mil- ler's, Messrs. Chase & Co. have their Ornamental L*on Works, and offer everything in that line from a wire railing to the most elegant statuary. Just above this, at 586 Broadway, is the Empire Sewing Machine Co., and directly opposite, at No. 537, the Dalton Knitting Ma- chine Co.
At No. 552 Broadway is "Tiffany's." This was the first large establishment to remove " up town," but is now in the central portion of the metropolis. Their silverware and jewelry are mainly manufactured on the
84 NOTABLE STORES, ETC.
premises, and their retail trade alone amounts to over $1,000,000 per annum.
Opposite Tiffan3r's is the saloon known as "Upper Taylor's." Ball, Black & Co.'s new building is on the corner of Broadway and Prince street.
The next building which claims our attention is at ISTo. 625 Broadway, and is known as the " Derby Art Gal- lery." On the ground floor is the show room of the "Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., which is one of the most beautiful of the Broadway stores.
We have now reached Astor Place, at the junction of which and Third Avenue is the Bible House. Passing to and continuing up Fourth Avenue, we arrive at Union Square, at the junction of which with the avenue stands Brown's Statue of Washington. It is a bronze eques- trian figure, placed upon a plain granite pedestal. The statue is fourteen and a half feet, and the whole, includ- ing the pedestal, is twenty-nine feet high. It occupied the artist four years in its construction, and cost over $30,000. The statue is universally admired. The artist has, in a masterly manner, overcome the almost insur- mountable difficulty of all equestrian statues, inasmuch as he has succeeded in making the interest of the horse subordinate to that of the rider. The majestic presence of Washington is the object first to catch and fix the be- holder's gaze. The true proportions and fine attitude of the animal but enter into and complete the inspiring ef- feet of the perfect statue. In the figure of W' ashington, we have the lofty-minded, imperious master of an else wilful steed, now curbed and subdued by a firm and practised hand; in the horse is seen only the proud bearer of a most noble burden. Before concluding, we would mention the bookstore of Messrs. Thomson Bro- thers, at No. 1107 Broadway. Citizens in their neigh- borhood, and sojourners at the Fifth Avenue and other hotels in their immediate vicinity, will always find the Messrs, Thomson's store well filled with books in every department of literature.
Nearly opposite their store is a beautiful granite shaft erected to the memory of General Worth. Its erection was celebrated by a public ceremonial.
f^'
POST OFFICE. 85
POST OFFICE.
Comer of Nassau and Liberty Streets.
Office Hours. — Daily at all hours, except Sundays. Sundays from 9 to 10 a. m., and from 12^ to li p. m.
U. 8. Mail Stations. — Open from 6.30 a. m. to 9.3,0 p. m.
A, 129 Spring street,
B, 439 Grand street,
C, Fourth street, corner W.
Twelfth street,
D, Bible House,
E, 368 Eighth Avenue,
F, 408 Third Avenue,
G, 1259 Broadway, H, Yorkville, J, Harsenville, K, Manhattanville, L, Harlem, M, Carmansville, N, Tubby Hook.
Rates of Postage.
No letter will be sent from this Office, to any place within the United States, unless the postage i3 prepaid by stamps.
Stamps and stamped envelopes can be procured at the office of sale, in the second story of the Post Office building ; entrance at the east end of the Cedar street front, open from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m., at the first window from Cedar on Nassau street, and at all the stations.
The inland postage (which must be prepaid) upon single letters, is three cents ; double letters twice, and treble letters, treble these rates.
Every letter or parcel not exceeding half an ounce in weight, shall be deemed a single letter, and every addi- tional weight of half an ounce, or less, shall be charged with an additional single postage, prepaid by stamps.
City letters must be prepaid by stamps at the rate of two cents for each half ounce, or less, and two cents for each additional half ounce, whether delivered from the office or by the carriers.
Advertised letters are charged with one cent, in ad- dition to the regular postage.
86 DANES.
RATES OF POSTAGE.
No letters will be sent frem the Post Office to places within the United States, ujiless the postage is prepaid by stamps. Unpaid letters will be sent to the Dead Letter Office at Washington.
Stamps, in any quantity, can be procured at any of the "Stations" throughout the city.
The Inland Postage on letters for 8000 miles or un- der, is 3 cents; double letters twice this rate, etc.
Letters for California and Oregon, 3 cents.
Every letter not exceeding half an ounce in weight shall be deemed a single letter, and every additional weight of half an ounce, or less, shall be charged with an additional single postage.
City letters are subject to two cent postage.
Newspapers, magazines, and books must be prepaid.
BAISTKS.
The more prominent banks of New York include, the Bank of New York, corner of Wall and Wil- liam streets, the Bank of America, the Mechanics' Bank, the Merchants' Bank, the Manhattan, the Bank of Commerce, Nassau Bank, &c. The Banks of New York are daily becoming more important in an archi- tectural point of view.
The American Exchange Banh^ 128 Broadway, corner of Liberty street, is a splendid building of Caen stone.
The Bank of Commerce^ in Nassau street, dicing the Post-Office, is one of the finest marble edifices in the city. Its capital is ten milUons of dollars.
h O W f K Y S A V I N (i S li A N K . (p. 7 9. )
CITY OF NEW TOEK. 87
Duncan^ Sherman & Co.'s Banhing House is built of brown stone, and stands on the corner of Nassau and Pine streets ; it cost $150,000. Adjoining this is another splendid establishment, — The Continental Banh.
The Banlc of the Bepuhlic is situated at the corner of Broadway and Wall street ; it is a noble edifice, built of brown stone ; its entire cost is estimated at about $175,000. Its capital is $2,000,000.
The Metropolitan is also built of brown stone, and is located at the corner of Pine street and Broadway ; its cost is stated at $160,000.
The Bank of the Commonwealth^ 15 Nassau street, is a beautiful brown stone structure of elegant proportions.
T%e Banh of America is one of the old established banks, situated 46 Wall street. Its capital is $3,000,000.
On the corner of Wall and William streets, is another fine edifice, the Banh of New Yorh ; recently rebuilt with brick and brown stone facings; its capital is $2,000,000.
The Banh of North America^ 44 Wall street, has a capital of $1,000,000.
Broadway Banh^ corner of Broadway and Park Place, is a massive brown-stone building; its cost is stated at $127,000.
The Parh Banh^ on Beekman street, near Park Row, is a recent establishment, with a capital of $2,000,000.
The Phenix Banh^ 45 Wall street.
The Shoe and Leather Banh^ corner of Broadway and Chambers street, has a capital of $1,000,000.
The Union Banh^ 34 Wall street, has a capital of $1,500,000.
The Importers and Traders Banh^ 245 Broadway, has a capital of $1,500,000.
The Pacific Banh has recently erected a fine marble edifice in Broadway, adjoining Brooks' building, corner of Grand street.
The Manhattan Company^ 40 Wall street, has a capi' tal of $2,050,000.
The Clearing House is at 72 Broadway.
88 SAYINGS BANKS.
For a genera] list of the City Banks, the reader is re- ferred to the New York Directory.
SAYmGS BANKS.
Among the excellent institutions of New York, may be mentioned the Savings Banks. The principal estab- lishments are the following :
Bank for Savings^ 67 Bleecker street, is a beautiful marble edifice, the most elegant and spacious of its class in the city.
Bowery Savings Ban\ 130 Bowery, is a splendid brown stone building — one of the architectural orna- ments of this portion of the city. We refer the reader to the annexed illustration of this edifice,
Broadway Savings Banh is on the corner of Park Place.
East Eiver Savings Bank is situated 3 Chambers street.
The Irving^ 96 Warren street.
The Greenwich^ 73 Sixth Avenue.
The Emigrant Industrial^ 51 Chambers street. ' The Mechanics and Traders\ 283 Bowery.
The Manhattan^ 644 Broadway.
The Dry Doch, 663 Fourth street.
Hhe Merchants'' Clerics' Savings Bank, 516 Broadway.
Seaman's Bank for Savings^ 78 Wall.
Sixjpenny Savings Bank, Clinton Hall, Astor Place.
CITY OF NEW YORK.
PUBLIC WOEKS.
THE CEOTON AQTTEDTJCT,
By which the city is supplied with purer water, is on« of the most gigantic enterprises of the kind undertaken in any country. Tlie distance which the water travels throtigh this artificial channel, exclusive of the grand reservoir, is about forty miles. The I)am crosses the Croton River six miles from its mouth, and the whole distance from this dam, thirty-two miles, is one un- broken under-ground canal, formed of stone and brick. The great receiving reservoir is on York Hill, live miles from the City Hall ; it can receive a depth of water to the extent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 150,000,000 gallons. Two miles further on is the dis- tributing reservoir, at Murray Hill. This reservoir is of solid masonry, built in the Egyptian style of archi- tecture, with massive buttresses, hollow granite walls, &c. On the top of the walls is an inclosed promenade. It is three miles from the City Hall. The cost of this immense undertaking was over thirteen millions of dol- lars.
During the past year the works have been thoroughly examined and repaired from the Croton Dam to the receiving reservoir at a cost of $19,704. In connec- tion with this a typographical survey of the valley of the Croton was effected, by which it appears that the ridge defining the waters above the point at which the Aqueduct begins, measures 101 miles. Within this cir- cuit there are 31 lakes and ponds; and the aggregate area of waters including the tributaries is 352 square miles ; which is equal to 96,034 gallons per square milo during the driest season. Yet large as this supply may appear, the resources of the Brooklyn water- works are nearly six times as great.
90 PUBLIC W0EK3.
The construction of the Kew Reservoir, &c., now in progress, has ah'eady cost upwards of $300,000 ; these extensive works will, on their completion, entail a sum more than double that anount. By the report of the past year, the receipts by the authorities, including ap- propriations by the City Government, amounted to $1,764,112, the disbursements $1,291,826, leaving a balance of $472,286 for all contingencies, as well as the completion of these important improvements.
The New Reservoir is located at York hill, in the Central park, between Eighty-fifth and Ninety-seventh streets. The gate-houses, which are to cost $193,513, are to be built in the outer reservoir bank, and at the ends of the central bank of the new reservoir, the aqueduct will extend therefrom to about 50 feet east of the existing aqueduct, near the Ninth Avenue. The south gate-house will be located near Eighty-sixth street ; 83 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 42 feet above the pavement of the bays, which are to be divided. The masonry will be very massive, and supported by but- tresses four feet wide and sixteen feet high. The north gate-house will be 72 feet by 40, and correspond with the other so far a relates to distribution and waste- pipes, &c.
At the distance of about eight miles from the City Hall is
THE HIGH BRIDGE,
The most important structure connected with the Cro- ton Aqueduct. It is thrown across the Harlem valley and river. It spans the whole width of the valley and river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, each with a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and the ele- vation of the arches gives 100 feet clear of the river from their lower side. Besides these, there are several other arches rising from the ground, the span of which is somewhat more than half that of the first mentioned. The material employed throughout the whole of this
CITY OF NEW TOEK. 91
imposing object is granite. The works cost $900,000. The water is led over this bridge, which is 1450 feet in extent, in iron pipes; and over all is a pathway, which, though wide enough for carriages, is available to pedes- trians only. The fare by a carriage, allowing passen- gers to remain two or three hours at the bridge, is $5. It can be reached pleasantly and expeditiously by the Harlem Pwailroad (Depot 4th Avenue and 26th street), or in summer by the Third Avenue Railroad and steam- boat from Harlem.
SHIP-BUILDING YARDS AND DRX DOCKS.
Of the numerous works in and around New York, the stranger must not fail to pay a visit to the Ship-Build- ing Yards and Dry Bocks, where gigantic steamers may be seen in every stage of progress, and all the most approved machinery connected with ship-building in active operation.
THE NOVELTY WORKS,
At the foot of Twelfth street, are of themselves a per- fect marvel, and here the stranger may spend an hour with the greatest pleasure and profit in witnessing all the wonders of the steam-engine.
THE NAVAL DRY DOCK,
A stone structure, said to be the largest of the kind In the world, and a perfect monument of engineering skill, will also well repay the trouble of a visit. Tlie dimen- sions of this gigantic dock are 400 feet in length by 120 in breadth at their base. The work took ten years in its construction; it cost $2,150,000.
THE SECTIONAL DOCK,
At the foot of Pike street. East River, is an object well worth visiting. The dock is constructed for the pur- pose of lifting vessels, by means of tanks filled with water. There is also another process of raising a ves sel, by means of pulleys, worked by hydraulic power.
SHIPS. — FORTIFICATIONS.
CLIPPER SHIPS, PACKETS, ETC.
The docks along the North Kiver, from the Battery northward, and also especially along the East Kiver, exhibit a complete forest of masts of the naval architec- ture of the city. Splendid packet-ships, clippers, and steamboats, of all descriptions and sizes, hem in the margins of these rivers. On the North Kiver may be seen the stately ocean-steamers. These also are objects of interest to strangers, and they may inspect the ele- gant cabins of these splendid vessels on application.
FOETS A:tTD FGRTIFICATIOISrS.
The national defences of New York comprise the following : the strong fortifications of the Narrows — on the one side. Forts Hamilton and La Fayette^ the latter having three tiers of guns, &c. ; on the other side, Forts Tompkins and Richmond^ situated on Staten Island heights. To protect the inner harbor, there are Forts Oolumhus and Castle William^ on Governor's Island, and the works on Bedlow's and ElHs' Islands.
Castle William, measuring 600 feet in circumference, and 60 feet high, is a circular stone battery, with magazines, &c.
Fort Columbus, on the same island, connects with the former. Here are barracks and a corps of the United States troops.
Governor''s Island, formerly known as Nut Island, from its formerly being covered with nut-trees, was, in colonial times, used by the English governors as
International Hotel.
CITY OF NEW YOEK. 93
pleasure-grounds. The several fortifications here, may be easily seen, by taking a boat from Castle Garden, foot of the Battery. There are other fortifications for the defence of Long Island Sound, and also towards Sandy Hook.
PEmCIPAL EESTAUEAISTT SALOONS.
These are Taylor's Saloon^ the largest and most sumptuous in the city or country, No. 365 Broadway, corner of Franklin street.
Maillard's Saloon^ in Broadway, adjoining St. Thomas' Church, corner of Houston street. There are two or three others on Broadway, in the neighborhood of Tenth and Twelfth streets.
The Refectories and Oyster Saloons are too numer- ous to detail, being accessible in almost every section of the city. The more important are the following:
Florence's^ 609 Broadway.
Keefe's^ 594 Broadway.
Pieris & PurcelVs^ 734 Broadway.
The Merchants'' Pestaurant, Astor House.
Pelmonico^s, corner of Broadway and Chambers st.
Geo. W. Browne's^ 123 Water street.
The consumption of oysters in Kew York is im- mense ; it having been computed that the daily con- sumption is valued at $15,000, and that some 1500 boats are constantly engaged to obtain the supply for this city alone.
94
HOTELS. — MARKETS.
PEmCIPAL HOTELS.
The Astoi' Souse^ Broadway, near the City Hall Park
The Metropolitan^ Broadway, corner of Prince street.
St. Nicholas^ Broadway, corner of Spring street.
Prescott House^ Broadway, corner of Spring street.
The Everett House., north side of Union Square.
La Farge House,, Broadway, opposite Bond street.
J^ew Yorh Hotel., Broadway, cor. of Washington Place.
The Clarendon., cor. Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth st.
*S'^. De7iis^ corner of Broadway and Eleventh street.
Union Place Hotel., Union Square.
Brevoort House., Fifth Avenue and Clinton Place.
St. Germain., Fifth Avenue and Twenty-second street.
The Julian., Washington Place, near Broadway.
The Fifth Avenue Hotel, corner of Fifth Avenue and
Twenty-third street.
In addition to the above, there are numerous other hotels and houses, which may readily be ascertained.
NEW YOKK MAKI{ETS.
THE FULTON MAKKET,
Built in 1821, at a cost of $220,000, is located on a block described by Fulton street on the south, Beek- man on the north, Front on the west, and South street on the east.
WASHINGTON MARKET
Is on the western side of the city, on the North River, at the foot of Vesey street and AVashington street. This market receives the produce from the West, as the F"]*on does from the East district.
CITY OF XEW YORK. 95
CATHABINE MABKET
Is smaller tlian the above, occupying a square between Cherry and South streets, East River. There are also
CHELSEA MABKET,
In the Ninth Avenue, near Eighteenth street;
JEFFEESON MARKET,
Corner of Greenwich and Sixth Avenues ;
CLINTON MARKET,
Situate at the foot of Canal street, between the North River and Washington street; and
TOMPKINS MARKET,
Between Sixth and Seventh streets. Third Avenue.
There is yet another, more central, and on a larger scale, known as
CENTRE MARKET,
In Centre street, extending from Grand to Broome streets. This is a well-built and commodious place, adapted for the various departments of a public market. The building is substantial, built of brick, two stories nigh ; tlie upper portion being used as armories and drill-rooms by military companies, &c.
THE OCEAN STEAMSHIPS.
The offices of the several linos of steamships are as follows :
Cunard Steamers. — E. Cunard, 4 Bowling Green.
96 FOREIGTT CONSULS.
U. S. Mail Steamship Co., for Aspinwall. — J. W. Ray- mond, 177 West street.
Glasgow Steamers. — R. Craig, 6 fowling Green.
Charleston Steamers. — Spofford, Tifeston & Co., 29 Broadway.
Pacific Mail Steamship Co. — 88 "Wall street.
The Liverpool and New Yorlc S» S. 6'o.— -John G. Dale, 15 Broadway.
if. 0. Roberts' Line to San Francisco and Oregon. — B. N. Carrington, 177 West street.
U. S. Mail Line for California via Panama. — D. B. Allen, No. 5 Bowling Green.
Steam to Hamburg.^ Havre, Southampton, and Lon- don.— 0. B. Richard & Boas, 181 Broadway.
Mail Steamers to France direct, — The General Trans- atlantic Company's new line of first class side-wheel steamships between New York and Havre. George Mackenzie, Agent, No. T Broadway.
For Havana. — Spofford, Tileston & Co., 29 Broad- way.
Advertisements of other lines are to be found either in the Directory, or in the columns of the New York Herald.
FOKEIGK COKSULS.
Oreat Britain — E. M. Archibald, 17 Broadway. France — Gauldree Boileau, 2 Bowling Green. Spain — Juan Pico y Villanneva, 17 Broadway. Mexico — Juan Navarro, 33 South street. Russia — R. Ostensacken, 50 Exchange Place.
STEAMBOATS.
97
STEAMBOATS.
Albany (morning boat), Pier No.
40, N. R. Albany (night boat), Pier No. 41,
N. R. Albany and Troy, Pier No. 15,
N. R. Astoria, Pier No. 24, E. R. Boston (Fall River Line), Pier No.
3, N. R. Boston (Stonington Line), Pier No.
18, N. R. Boston (Norwich «& Wor. Line),
Pier No. 39, N. R. Bergen Point, Pier No. 2, N. R. BLackioelVs Island, Foot of 26th
Street, E. R, Bridgeport, Pier No. 26, E. R. BiiWs Ferry, Pier No. 43, N. R. Cold Spring, Pier No. 33, N. R. Cornwall Piers No. 88 & 35, N. R. Catskill, Piers No. 84 & 40, N. R. College Point, Pier No. 22, E. R. DobVs Ferry, Pier No. 83, N. R. Elm Park, Pier No. 19, N. R. Elizabeth, Pier No. 2, N. R. Fort Lee, Pier No. 43, N. R. Flushing, Pier No. 22. E. R. Glen Cove, Pier No. 24, E. R. Grassy Point, Pier No. 33, N. R. Great Neck, Pier No. 24, E. R. Greenwich, Pier No. 22, E. R. Bastings, Piers No. 3.3 & 34, N. R. Harlem, Pier No. 24 (Peck Slip),
E. R. ffaverstraro. Pier No. 33, N. R. Hartford, Pier No. 24 (Peck Slip),
E. R. Highlands {Tlie), Pier No. 28, N.R. Hudson, Pier No. 34, N. R. Irvtngton, Pier No. 84, N. R. Kingston, Pier No. 38, N. R. Keyport, Piers No. 26 & 2S, N. R. Long Branch, Pier No. 2S, N. R. Mariner's Point, Pier No. 2, N. R. Middletown Point, Pier No. 28,
N.R.
Motfs Dock, Pier No. 24 (Peck
Slip). E. R. New Brighton, S. /., Pier No. 19,
N.B. New Haven, Pier No. 25, E. E. Newark, Pier No. 20, N. R. Newburgh, Pier No, 33, N. R. Nyack, Piers No. 33 and 34,
N. R. .
Port Richmond, S. I., Pier No. 19,
N.R. PeekskiU, Pier No. 33, N. R. Perth Amboy, Pier No. 26, N. E. Philadelphia, Atlantic Street,
Brooklyn. Port Monmouth, Pier No. 28, N. R, Poughkeepsie, Piers No. 33 & 36,
N, R. Providence, Pier No. 3, N. R. Rockland Lake, Pier No. 34, N. E. Rosaville, Pier No. 26, N. R. Rondout, Pier No. 33, N. R. Red Bank, Pier No. 28, N. R. Sailor\<> Snug Harbor, S. /., Pier
No. 19, N. E. SaJidy Hook, Pier No. 28, N. R. Shrewsburi/, Pier No. 28, N. R. Sing Sing, Pier No. 38. N. R. Staten Island (North Shore), Pier
No. 19, N. R. Staten Island, for Tompkinsville,
Stapleton, and Vanderbilt'3
Landing, Pier No. 1 (foot of
Whitehall street), E. R. South Amboi/, Pier No. 26, N. E. Stamford, Pier No. 22, E. R. Tarrytown, Piers No. 83 and 84,
N. R. Totten's, Pier No. 26, N. K. Verplanck's, Pier No. 33, N. E. Woodridge, Pier No. 26, N. E. West Point, Pier No. 33, N. R. Westchester, Pier No. 22, R R. West Park, Pier No. 83, N. R. Yonkers, Piers No. 83 & 34, N. E.
TELEGBAPH OFFICES.
Principal Office of AMERICAN TELEGRAPH CO., No. 145 Broadway.
Sub-offices : Are located at tlie
Astor House, Broadway, bet. Vesey and Barclay streets. Earle's Hotel, cor. Canal and Centre streets. Metropolitan Hotel, Broadway, bet. Spring and Prince
streets. Lafarge House, 673 Broadway. New York Hotel, 721 Broadway. Fifth Avenue Hotel, cor. Broadway and 23d street. Everett House, cor. Fourth Avenue and 17th street. Merchants' Hotel, 41 Cortlandt street. Westchester House, cor. Broome street and Bowery. 95 Eighth Avenue. 945 Broadway. New Haven Railroad Depot, cor. 27th street and Fourth
Avenue, N. W. cor. 42d street and Sixth Avenue. St. James Hotel, cor. Broadway and 26th street. Allerton's, cor. Bi-oadway and 40th street. Merchants' Exchange, 50 and 52 Pine street. Cor. Beaver and Pine streets. Board of Brokers, William street. Produce Exchange, cor. Whitehall and Pearl streets. Washington Market Exchange, 100 Vesey street. No. 83, Fish Market, Fulton Market. Hudson Kiver Railroad Depot, 68 Warren street. Mercantile Agency, 293 Broadway. Foot of Vestry street, N. R. N. W. cor. Broadway and Canal street. Dry Dock, cor. Avenue D and 10th street. Hudson River Railroad Depot, 3l8t street, near Tenth
Avenue. S. E. cor. loOtli street and Third Avenue, Harlem. Cor. 86th street and Third Avenue. Harlem Railroad Depot, cor. Fourth Avenue and 26th
street.
OMNIBUSES AND EAIL^CAES.
The omnibus lines are 29 in number, comprising 671 vehicles, which average about 10 down and as many up trips daily. Besides these stages there are five lines of commodious city cars, drawn by horses or mules along rails laid on the streets. The fare is only 5 cents. They run as follows :
Harlem Go.^s City Cars— From. Park Row to Centre street, through Centre to Grand, Grand to Bowery, up Bowery to Fourth Avenue and Twenty-seventh street. Second Avenue Cars — From Peck Slip, through Pearl, Chatham, Bowery, Grand, and Allen streets. First Ave nue, East Twenty -third street and Second Avenue, to Harlem.
Third Avenue Eailroad — Park Row, Bowery, Third Avenue, to Yorkville.
Sixth Avenue Eailroad — Vesey, througn Church and Chambers streets, West Broadway, Canal, Varick, and Carmine streets. Sixth Avenue, to Fifty-ninth street.
Seventh Avenue Eailroad — From corner of Broadway and Barclay street, through Church, Greene, University Place, Broadway, Forty-third street, and Seventh Ave- nue to Fifty-ninth street. There is also a branch start- ing-place from corner of Broadway and Broome street. Eighth Avenue Eailroad — Vesey, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Hudson streets, and Eighth Avenue, to West Fifty-ninth street.
Ninth Avenue Eailroad — Barclay, corner of Church, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Greenwich, and Ninth Avenue, to Fifty-ninth street.
Central Ea7% North and East Eiver Eailroad — Eastern Division — From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Front, Water, and South streets, to Grand Street Ferry ; thence through Grand, Man- gin, Corlears and Houston streets, to Avenues D and A ; thence through 14th street to First Avenue, and through First Avenue and 59th street to the Fifth Avenue en- trance of the Central Park.
100 CITT OF NEW YORK.
Central ParTc^ North and East Eiver Railroad — Western Duision — From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Whitehall and State streets, Bat- tery Place, West street, Tenth Avenue and 59th street, to Fifth Avenue entrance of Central Park.
Broadway and Grand Street Ferry Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Canal street, through New Canal street. East Broadway, and Grand street to Grand Street Ferry-.
Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Barclay street, through Barclay, Church, Greene, and Eighth streets, Univer- sity Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 59th street.— Branch from junction of Broadway and Broome street, through Broome, Greene, Eighth streets. University Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 59th street. Retuen Route — From corner of 59th street and Seventh Avenue, through Seventh Avenue, Broadway, University Place, Eighth street, Wooster street (Branch Road from Wooster through Broome street, to Broadway). Canal street, West Broadway, Barclay street, to Broadway.
Forty-second Street and Grand .Street Ferry Rail- road— Forty-second street and Eleventh Avenue, along Forty-second street to Tenth Avenue, through Tenth Avenue to Thirty-fourth street, Broadway, Twenty- third street. Fourth Avenue, Fourteenth street, Avenue A, Houston street. Cannon street, Grand street, to Grand Street Ferry. Return Route — From Grand Street Ferry to Goerck street, through Goerck, Hous- ton, and Second streets. Avenue A, Fourteenth street, Fourth Avenue, Twenty-third street, Broadway, Thir- ty-fourth street, Tenth Avenue to Forty-second Street Ferry.
East Broadway and Dry Dock Railroad— From junction of Park Row and Broadway, through Park Row, Chatham street, Chatham Square, East Broad- way, Grand street, Goerck, Houston, to Avenue D, thence through Avenue D to Dry Dock. Retuen
OMNIBIJSES AND EAIL-CAES. 101
Route — From Dry Dock, through Avenue D, Eighth, Lewis, Grand, East Broadway, Chatham Square, Chatham street. Park Kow to ]3roadway.
Fourteenth Street and Fulton Ferry Hailroadr— From foot of Fourteenth street, North River, through Hudson, Bleecker, Crosby, Grand, Elm, Reade, Centre, Beek- man, and South streets, to Fulton street ; and return through Fulton, William, and Ann streets to Park Row, and thence to Fourteenth street along the route above mentioned.
For the several stage and omnibus routes throughout the city, see the New York Directory. Most, of them have their routes designated on the outside of the ve- hicle. A large proportion of them pass up and down Broadway almost incessantly.
1 0-2 RAILROADS.
KAILEOADS.
NEW YORK Ain) NEW HAVEN.
Th.3 is much frequented ; the distance to New Ha- ven is 76 miles ; but the route is continued on to Spring- field 63 miles further, and thence a distance of 100 miles more reaches Boston. The whole journey, which saves the passage on the Sound, is accomplished in about 8 hours. The depot is on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-seventh street. This road cost $4,233,000.
NEW YORK AND HARLEM.
The trains run on this road as far as Albany, stop- ping at intermediate places. As far as Williams' Bridge, which is 14 miles from the city, they run on the same track as the ISTew Haven trains, afterwards they branch off. The Harlem tunnel, a quarter of a mile in length, is a wonderful excavation, being cut through solid granite ; — while it is approached by a long deep cut ot more than a mile in length. Cars leave the depot opposite the Astor House, every five minutes, for Twenty-seventh street, from half-past 7 A. M., to 8 P. M ; and the night line every 20 minutes, from 8 to 12. Cars for Harlem, only, leave from tho same place every hour throughout the day.
THE HUDSON RIVER.
The city depot of this road is at the junction ot Chambers and Hudson streets, whence passengers are conveyed to the depot at Thirtieth street, corner of Tenth Avenue, for the locomotive. This road extends to Albany, and stops at the intermediate places. Its time-table varies, but can be had on application. This is considered the best-constructed road in the country; its cost, for 144 miles, is stated at $9,300,000.
CITY OF NEW tore:. 103
NEW JERSEY RAILROAD.
For Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, and intermediate places, leaves New York from foot of Cortlandt street, via Jersey City Ferry.
CENTRAL RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY.
For Harrisburg, Reading, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk* and intermediate places, leaves Pier No. 2, N. R.
NORTHERN RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY.
For Piermont and intermediate places, leaves New York from foot of Cortlandt street.
CAMDEN AND AMBOY RAILROAD.
For Philadelphia, via steamers to Amboy, leaves Pier No. 24, N. R.
MORRIS AND ESSEX RAILROAD.
For Hackettstown and intermediate places, leaves foot of Barclay street.
LONG ISLAND RAILROAD.
For Greenport and intermediate places, leaves James Slip, and foot of Thirty-fourth street, E. R.
CONEY ISLAND RAILROAD.
All Brooklyn horse-cars for Greenwood connect with this road. Depot, Thirty-sixth street, near Fifth Av- enue, Brooklyn.
FLUSHING RAILROAD, L. L
Leaves foot of 34th street, and James Slip, N. Y.
RARITAN AND DELAWARE BAY RAILROAD.
For Middletown, Red Bank, Long Branch, Tom's river, and intermediate places, leaves wharf foot of Murray street.
STATEN ISLAND RAILROAD.
For Tottenville and intermediate places, leaves New York from Pier No. 1, foot of Whitehall street, E. R.
104 CITY OF XEW TOEK.
FEERIES.
Brooklyn — Catherine Slip to Main street. From
4 A. M. to 10 p. M., every ten minutes; from 10 p. m. to 4 A. M., every twenty minutes.
BrooMyn — Foot Fulton to Fulton street. From 8 A. M. to 12 p. M., every ten minutes; from 12 to
3 A. M., every 15 minutes.
Brooklyn— Yoot Jackson to Hudson Avenue. From
5 A. M. to 10 p. M., every fifteen minutes.
Brooklyn {E. D.) — Foot Eoosevelt to South Seventh street. From 5| a. m. to 9 p. m., every twenty-four minutes.
Brooklyn — Foot Wall to Montague street. From 5 A. M. to 9 p. M., eveiy ten minU'tes ; from 9 P. m. to midnight, every twenty minutes.
Brooklyn — Foot Whitehall to Atlantic street. From 5 A. M. to 9 P. M., every eight minutes ; from 9 p. m. to 11 p. M., every fifteen minutes; from 11 p. m. to 5 a. M., every half hour.
Brooklyn {E. D.) — Foot Grand to Grand street, and to Division Avenue.
Brooklyn {E. D.) — Foot E. Houston to Grand street.
BulVs Ferry and Fort Lee—YiQv No. 42 N. R.
Elizabethjjort—Vitv No. 2 N. R.
Greenpoint — Foot Tenth and foot East Twenty-third. From 6 a. m. to 9 p. m., every fifteen minutes.
Hamilton Avenue — Foot Whitehall to Atlantic Dock. From 5 A. M. to 11 p. m., every twelve minutes; from 11 p. M. to 5 A. M., every half hour.
Hohoken — Foot Barclay. From 6 a. m. to 7| p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 7f p. m. to 12 p. m., every half hour; from 12 p. m. to 4 a. m., every hour; from
4 to 6 A. M., every half hour.
Hohoken — Foot Canal. From 5^ a. m. to 9 p. m., every half hour.
Hohoken — Foot Christopher. From 6| a. m. to 7^ p. M., every half hour.
FfilKEIKS. 105
Eunter's Point — Foot East Thirty-fourth street. From 4i a. m. to 12 p. m,, every fifteen minutes. Fare three cents.
Hunter's Foint— James Slip to Ferry street, every half hour.
Jersey City — Foot Cortlandt to Montgomery street. From 3 a. m. to 7^ p. m., every ten minutes ; from 7^ p. M. to 12 p. M., every fifteen minutes; from 12 p. m. to 3 A. M., every thirty minutes.
Jersey City — Foot Desbrosses to Exchange Place. From 5 A. M. to 10 p. m., every fifteen minutes ; from 10 p. M. to 5 A.M., every thirty minutes.
Mott Raven — Foot Peck Slip. Boats leave at 7, 8, 9.15, and 11 a. m., 1.15, 3.15, 4.15, 5.15, 6.15, and 7.15 p. M. From foot of Eighth street fifteen minutes later.
Pavonia — Foot Chambers, N. P., to Long Dock. From 1 A. M. to 7 p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 7 P. M. to 1 A. M., every half hour.
Staten Island — (New Brighton, Port Richmond, and Snug Harbor.) — Foot Whitehall. 5 trips daily.
Staten Island — (Quarantine, Stapleton, and Vander- bilt's Landing.) — Foot Whitehall. From 6 a. m. to 7 p. M., every hour. The 7 and 9 a. m. and 1, 4, and 6 p. M., connect with the trains of the Staten Island Railroad.
Weehawhen — Foot West Forty-second. From 7 a.m. to 9 p. M., every fifteen minutes.
EXPEESSES A:N'D DEPOTS.
Adams\ East, South, and California, 59 Broadway. Arnerican Express Company^ North and West, Hud- son, corner of Jay. and 124 Broadway. Erie Railroad^ Broadway, corner of Dey. Harnden's^ East and South, 65 Broadway. Kinsley's, East and South, 72 Broadway. national Express to Canada, 74 Broadway. Harlem Railroad, Tryon Row, east of City Hall.
106
CITY OF NEW TOEK.
Hudson Eiver Bailroad^ Chambers and Hudson street.
Long Island Bailroad, Hunter's Point, Long Island.
Hew Jersey^ 73 Courtland street.
Harnden''s^ Savannah and South, 65 Broadway.
LIST OF PIEKS.
East River.
2, foot Whitehall.
" Moore, bet. Moore and Broad.
" Broad and Coenties slip. 7, 8. Coenties slip. 10, bet. Coenties and Old slips* 12, Old slip.
b. Old si. & Gouverneur's la. foot Jones' lane. 16, foot Wall, foot Pine.
" Maiden lane.
" Fletcher. 2:1, foot Barling slip. " Fulton. " Beekman. bet. Beekman and Peck slip. 26, foot Peck slip, foot Dover.
bet Dover and Roosevelt, foot Roosevelt bet Roosevelt and James.
31, 32, foot James' slip.
33, " Oliver.
84, 35, " Catharine.
36,37, " Market
3S, (Z. Ring's) bet Market and
Pike slip. 39, 40, foot Pike.
41. (Sectional dock) bet. Pike and Rutgers.
42, 43, foot Rutgers.
44, " Jefferson.
45, " Clinton.
46, bet Clinton and Montgomery.
47, foot Montgomery.
48, not built
49, foot Gouverneur's slipv.
50, not built
51, 52, foot Walnut 53, 54, " Grand. 55, 56, " Broome. 57, " Delancey.
53, bet. Rivington and Stantoa.
North JRiver.
foot Battery place. 3, bet. Battery place «Sb Morris, foot Morris.
6, 6|. bet Morris and Rector, foot Rector.
8i, bet Rector and Carlisle, foot Carlisle. " Albany, bet Albany and Cedar, foot Cedar.
13, foot Liberty.
14, bet Liberty and Courtland.
15, 16, foot Courtland.
17, bet Courtland and Dey.
18, foot Dey.
19, " Fulton.
20, bet. Fuiton and Yesey.
21, foot Yesey.
22, bet. Yesey and Barclay.
23, 24, foot Barclav.
THE CITY OF BROOKLTN.
107
|
85, foot Rdbinson. |
39, |
40, foot Canal. |
|
26, foot Murray. |
41, |
foot Spring, |
|
27, " Warren. |
42, |
bet. Spring and Charlton. |
|
28, " Chambers. |
43, |
foot Charlton. |
|
29, " Diiane. |
4*, |
" King. |
|
80, bet. DtiHne and Jay. |
45, |
" Hamersley. |
|
31, foot Jay. |
46, |
" Ciarlcson. |
|
82, •• Harrison. |
47, |
" Morton. |
|
83, " Franklin. |
48, |
" Christopher. |
|
84, " North Moore. |
49, |
" Amos. |
|
85, « Beach. |
51), |
" Charles. |
|
86, " Hubert. |
51, |
" Perry. |
|
87, " Vestry. |
52, |
" Hammond. |
|
37i, " Desbrosses. |
53, |
" Bank. |
|
88, " Watts. |
54, |
" Troy. |
THE CITY OF BROOKLYN",
Being by fjir the largest and most important place adjacent to i^Tew York, claims more than a passing notice.
Brooklyn has, within the past few years, been char- acterized by the same degree of advancement as New York. Its present population is estimated at 200,000 : while its numerous and elegant churches, public build- ings, and stately private residences, render it equally conspicuous. It is a favorite place of residence by the New Yorkers, from its pure air, as well as its numerous trees, which line most of its streets, and impart to it a rural aspect. Fulton Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and the intersecting great highways, are fine thoroughfares. Brooklyn, as to its name, is supposed to be derived from the Dutch, Breucklen (broken land). It was in- corporated as a village in 1816. It has but few relics remaining. There is an old house, dated 1696, on the route to Gowanus, by the Fifth Avenne. It is known as the Oortelyou House.
The first European settler in this town is supposed to have been George Jansen de Rapelje, at the Waal-
108 CITY OF NEW TOEK.
Dogbt, or Waaloons Bay, during the Directorship oi Peter Minuit, under the charter of the West India Company.
FORT GREENE,
An elevated plateau, northeast of the Brooklyn Oity Hall, was, during the Revolutionary war, the site of important fortifications. It has recently been laid out as a public park, and planted with trees. The view of the surrounding country from this elevation is exceed- ingly attractive.
THE CITY HALL
Faces the junction of Fulton and Court streets, and is distant from Fulton Ferry about one mile. It is a noble Ionic structure, built of Westchester marble, and admi- rably planned. It has a solid, substantial look. Its measurement is as follows: 162 feet in length by 102 in width ; height 75 feet ; to the top of the cupola the height is 153 feet. The cost of the Hall was about $200,000. The Park, which is inclosed with the build- ing, is of a triangular form.
THE CITY ARMORY,
An elegant brick and brown stone structure, on the corner of Henry and Cranberry streets, occupies the site of the old Apprentices' Library, the corner stone of which was laid by Lafayette. The armory was fin- ished, January, 1859. It measures 100 feet by 50 — ia four stories high, with basement. The three upper sto- ries are occupied by the 13th, 14th, and 72d Regiments ; the fourth being used as a general drill room. The cost was $14,300.
THE STATE ARSENAL
Is located on the corner of Portland Avenue and Au- burn Place, opposite Fort Greene, on Washington Park. It is 200 feet by 60 in measurement, having 2 towers, and is 2 stories high. It incloses 14 lots of ground.
BEOOKLYN PUBLIC BTJILDINQS. 109*
The 70th Regiment of Artillery have their quarters;^ here. The cost was $40,000.
THE POST-OFFICE,
Formerly on Fulton street, is located in Montagu© street, in the building of the Mechanics' Bank, corner of Court street. The mail delivery between the Gen- eral Post-Office of New York and Brooklyn, occurs- two or three times every day.
THE ACADEMY OF MUSIQ.
This is a noble edifice constructed of brick, and costing- about $125,000. It is located on Montague near Court, street, nearly opposite the City Post Office.
THE WATER-WOEKS.
This great desideratum of Brooklyn has recently come into operation, and promises an abundant supply to its inhabitants of pure water. It has already been intro- duced into the streets and houses. The sources from: which the supply is obtained is Rockville reservoir, and others adjacent to Hempstead, L. I. From thence it is conveyed by an open canal to Jamaica reservoir, through a conduit to Ridgewood reservoir, where it is forced up to an elevation sufficient to answer all pur- poses required. The water is pronounced equal, if not superior, in purity of taste to the Croton water.
THE KINGS COUNTY JAIL
Is situated in Raymond street, at the foot of Fort Greene. It is a dark, heavy-looking, castellated Gothic edifice in front, built of red sandstone, with Gothic win- dows at each side, and a large yard at the back.
THE UNITED STATES NAVY YARD,
At Brooklyn, well deserves the notice of visitors. It
^10 CITY OF NEW TOEK.
'is situated upon the sout?i side of "Wallabout Bay, in the northeast part of the city. It occupies about forty
; acres of ground, inclosed by a high walL There are here two large ship-houses for vessels of the largest class, with workshops, and every requisite necessary for an extensive naval depot. A dry dock constructed here cost about one million of dollars.
The United States Naval Lyceum, an interesting place, also in the Navy Yard, is a literary institution, formed in 1833, by officers of the navy connected with the port. On the opposite side of the Wallabout, half a mile east of the Navy Yard, is the Marine Hospital,
• a fine building, erected on a commanding situation, and surrounded by upwards of thirty acres of well-culti- vated ground. At the Wallabout were stationed the
-Jersey and other prison-ships of the English, during the Revolutionary war, in which it is said 11,500 American prisoners perished from the bad air, close
•confinement, and ill-treatment. In 1808, the bones of
'the sufferers, which had been washed out from the bank where they had been buried, were collected and
'deposited in thirteen coffins, inscribed with the names of the thirteen original States, and placed in a vault beneath a wooden building, erected for the purpose in Hudson Avenue, opposite Front street, near the Navy Yard.
It is estimated that the Navy Yard contains property
^to the amount of over $23,000,000.
THE ATLANTIC DOCK.
These extensive works are situated below the South ■Ferry, within what is called Red Hook Point, the out- side pier extending some 3000 feet on the "Butter- milk Channel." They are owned by a Company, which was incorporated in 1840, with a capital of one million of dollars. The basin within the piers comprises about 42 acres, with a sufficient depth of water to receive ships of the largest size. The masonry of these granite works is very well worth visiting. The Hamilton Fer-
BROOKLYN PUBLIC BUILDIXG8. Ill
ry, from the Battery, is the readiest approach to the Atlantic Dock.
Henry street, near Pacific street, is a noble institu- tion, liberally endowed, and occupying a spacious and elegant edifice, with grounds inclosed. It is sustained by the most eminent medical skill, and highly prosper- ous in its results, although but comparatively a recent institution.
THE FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLtJM Is situated in Congress street, and the
MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, In Bedford Avenue.
THE CITY HOSPITAL,
In Raymond street, near De Kalb Avenue, organized in 1845, took possession of its present edifice in 1852.
THE DISPENSARY FOR THE EYE AND EAR,
No. 109 Pineapple street, was established in 1850.
THE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE,
On Livingston street, between Court and Boerum streets, is a beautiful modern edifice, devoted to the education of young lads. It possesses a fine lecture- room, and is under the management of a regular faculty.
THE PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE,
For the instruction of young ladies, is situated in Jora- lemon street, between Court and Clinton streets. It is an elegant Gothic building of brick, and very spacious and elegant in its appointments. There is a large leo
112 OITT OF NEW TOEK,
ture-roora in the centre of the edifice, which is h'ghted by a long Gothic window.
There are in Brooklyn and its suburbs over 30 ward schools, some being of the largest dimensions, capable of accommodating 1500 to 1800 children, besides pri- mary schools and schools for colored children.
BKOOKLYN HOTELS.
THE PIEEREPONT HOUSE,
(n Montague Place, overlooking the Wall Street Ferry, is a very spacious and elegant establishment, possessing all the modern accessories of a first-class hotel, being adapted to every conceivable want.
THE MANSION HOUSE,
On Henry street, not far from the corner of Pierrepont street, is another of the large hotels, furnishing elegant accommodations for some 250 guests.
THE GLOBE HOTEL,
No. 244 Fulton street, is a conveniently located house for visitors. The Brooklyn cars pass it every five minutes. It is much frequented by officers of the navy
PUBLIC mSTlTUTiOKS.
THE BEOOKLYN ATHENJEUM,
On the corner of Atlantic and Clinton streets, is a Uterary institution, containing a fine library, reading-
BBOOKLIN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 113
room, lecture-room, &c. There is a Mercantile Library Association connected with it, on the plan of the l^ew York society of that name. It is a handsome brick building, with stone facings. There is a good library connected with the Association.
THE LYCEUM,
Situate in "Washington street, corner of Concord street, is a literary institution of repute. It contains a good library, designed for youth ; also, a museum of natural history, lecture-room, &c.
THE BROOKLYN SAVINGS BANK,
On the junction of Concord and Fulton streets, has long been one of the architectural ornaments of this city. It is one of the most elegant, externally and in- ternally, of the numerous elegant edifices of Brooklyn.
HALSEY BUILDINGS,
A splendid range of iron buildings, on Fulton street, facing the City Hall, present a fine specimen of archi- tectural skill. The same remark will apply to the stately mansions that cluster along Montague street, Remsen street, and the vicinity of Wall Street Ferry,, and several parts of South Brooklyn.
GREENWOOD CEMETERY.
(Office No. 30 Broadway.)
The situation of this cemetery is on Gowanus; Heights, about two and a half miles from the South Ferry, whence visitors can easily be conveyed to the- cemetery in an omnibus.
The cemetery is laid out in the most tastefully varie- gated manner, with fifteen miles of avenues, besides nu-- merous paths. In its more elevated parts it commands, beautiful and attractive views, such as the city of New York, with its bay and harbor, its islands and fortt»
114 CITY OP NEW TOEK.
and reaching away beyond all interjacent objects, it carries out the eye to the great ocean itself.
On the margin of " Sylvan Lake" stands the memo- rial of the fair, yet hapless girl of the forest '"'•Bo-'hum- ?/ie," who so soon exchanged her bridal for her burial. Not far from this monument is the tomb of the friend- less poet, McDonald Clarke, and near by, that of the young and beautiful votary of fashion, Miss Canda, whose sudden death caused such deep sympathy some years since. This magnificent tomb cost $10,000. Among the numerous costly monuments, ought to be named the Pilots' and the Firemen's columns.
This cemetery is 330 acres in extent, and is of undu- lating and varied character. Free admission is granted to the public on week days, by tickets obtainable from any undertaker, but on Sabbath this privilege is re- stricted to proprietors, their families, and persons who may be of their party. The principal avenue is named The Tour, and by keeping in this, strangers will secure the most favorable general view. A little careful at- tention, however, to the guide-boards in the grounds, will enable them, ere long, to thread their way through' the more retired, but not less beautiful passages, within this solemn inclosure.
Some four or five miles eastward of Brooklyn are the Cemeteries of the Evergreens and Cypress Hills; they do not, however, compare with Greenwood for beauty of scenery or architectural adornment.
The vicinity of Brooklyn possesses many points of interest ; we can but name some of them. Williams- •hurgh — which, were it not now incorporated with Brooklyn, would be considered a city of itself — Flush- ing, Flathush, Jamaica, Bath, Fort Hamilton, Coney .Island, New Utrecht, RocTcaway, &c. Near Guildford^ •on a rocky peninsula, is the cave of the notorious ■pirate, Oapt. Kidd ; it is marked with his initials.
0HITE0HE8 OF BROOKLYN. 115
CHUECHES OF BKOOKLY]^.
In addition to numerous elegant stores and private mansions, that in many instances vie with those of the Fifth Avenue of New York, Brooklyn possesses about 80 churches. The most notable of these are
CHUKCH OF THE HOLY TMNITY,
Corner of Clinton and Montague streets, is a splendid Gothic edifice, of brown stone, measuring, with the rec- tory adjoining, 160 feet; width, 80 feet. The windows are of richly-stained glass. That in the church, repre- senting the scene of the Ascension, is especially note- worthy. This elegant edifice cost $100,000. The Rev. Dr. Littlejohn is the rector.
THE CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS,
On the corner of Henry and Eemsen streets, erected in 1845, is of stone, and built in the early Norman style. It is very spacious, measuring 135 feet by 80. In the main tower, about six feet from the ground, may be seen inserted a piece of the "Pilgrim Rock," from Plymouth. The lecture-room is at the rear of the church, and is very spacious. The cost of the building was about $50,000. Rev. Dr. Storrs, Jr., is the pastor.
GRACE CHURCH,
Situated in Hicks street, near Remsen street. It is built of brown stone, and presents a fair specimen of the florid Gothic. Its interior is very beautiful — length of the nave, 85 feet; width, 60 feet; and the chancel, 28 by 24 feet. There is an adjoining chapel, 60 by 23 feet. The cost of the church was $42,000.
CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR
(Unitarian), on the corner of Pierrepont street and Men-
il6 CITY OF NEW TOEK.
roe Place, is of red sandstone, in the pointed Gothic. It is an elaborately-decorated and symmetrical struc- ture. The cost is estimated at $60,000. Rev. Dr. Putnam is the incumbent.
Fni8T REFORMED DTJTCH CHURCH,
At the rear of the City Hall, was erected in 1834. It measures 111 feet by 66; is of the Grecian order, and has a deep pediment, supported by eight massive Ionic columns, which impart to the editice. a fine effect. In the rear of the pulpit is an effectively-painted recess. The Rev. Dr. Dwight is the pastor.
PLYMOUTH CHURCH,
In Orange street, between Hicks and Henry streets, is perhaps the largest church in Brooklyn, and is yet found insufficient for the large concourse which attends the preaching of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, since the society contemplate the immediate erection of a yet more spacious building, on the Heights, near the Wall Street Ferry.
CHRIST CHURCH,
In Clinton street, is a Gothic building, measuring 100 feet by 60, with a tower 100 feet high. There is, in the rear of the church, a lecture-room. The cost was $28,000.
STRONG PLACE CHURCH,
South Brooklyn, is another fine Gothic edifice, built of stone, and much ornamented in the interior. The Rev. Dr. Taylor is the pastor.
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
In Henry street, near Clarke, is a massive-looking struc- ture ; lecture-rooms, &c., attached.
THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH,
In Pierrepont street, is a remarkable structure, and well
BROOKLYN. RAILROADS. 117
worth visiting. Its interior is exceedingly beautiful, ana said to have been modelled after the earliest Christian church, built by the mother of Oonstantine. Its elab- orate, yet chaste decorations present a rich effect. The Rev Dr. Bethune, till recently, was the pastor.
ST. ANN'S CHTJECH,
Corner of Sands street and Washington, is one of the early churches of Brooklyn ; and although of a modest exterior, has a plot of green sward surrounding it which is very inviting to the eye.
THE METHODIST CHURCH,
In Clinton street, near Atlantic, is a rough-hewn stone edifice, of the Norman style ; over the principal entrance there is a large circular window. The interior is neat and attractive in its arrangement.
There are numerous other religious edifices, which proves that it is no misnomer which has been applied to Brooklyn—" the City of Churches."
CITY EAILEOADS.
The BrooTclyn City Railroads take the following routes, starting from the Fulton Ferry : one line runs through Fulton street, up Fulton Avenue, terminating at East New York, about 7 miles from the City Hall ; another passes through Sands street to Williamsburgh ; a third line goes up Fulton street. Myrtle Avenue, to Division Avenue; a fourth passes up Fulton street, through Court street, to Greenwood Cemetery, and the fifth from South Ferry, through Atlantic Avenue to Bedford.
118 CITY OF NEW YOEK.
PLEASURE EXCURSIOITS.
The environs of New York abound in picturesque re- treats for the lover of rural beauty. Not only are abun- dant facilities rendered available to the pleasure tourist, in the multiplicity of modes of conveyance by land or by water, but the geographical position of the metropolis places within the circuit of a few miles almost every variety of beautiful scenery, as well as villages, towns, and localities of historic interest. For a cool sea-breeze and pleasing aquatic excursion, the trip by the steamer for Shrewsbury and Long Branch, or Coney Island, will be found full of interest. Boats for the former leave foot of Robinson street, North River, and Peck SUp, East River, daily ; for the latter the boat starts from the foot of Battery Place.
STATEX ISLAND
Is a place of much attraction as a summer resort, and the boats make the trip every hour, from Whitehall dock, near the Battery, The scenery is exceedingly fine, and the drives to the Telegraph station, Stapleton, Richmond, New Brighton, with their clusters of beau- tiful villas and country seats, are full of attraction.
HOBOKEN,
On the New Jersey shore, is Hoboken, with its Elysian fields and pleasure grounds, the bold bluffs of Weehawken, the Sybil's cave, and the memorable spot of the duel between Ool. Burr and General Hamilton. The boats for Hoboken leave every half-hour from Canal street, Barclay street, aud Christopher street ferries.
PLEASURE EXOTJESIONS. 119
THROG'S POINT
Is another pleasing excursion. Sixteen miles from the city. It is the termination, at Long Island Sound, of Throg's, or rather Throgmorton's I^eck. From this headland, which divides the East Kiver from the Sound, a very splendid view is obtained. Fort Schuy- ler, on the point, and Pelham Bridge, may be em- braced in this excursion.
ASTORIA.
A third excursion may take for its terminus the thriving village of Astoria^ six miles to the northeast of New York. The academy, botanic gardens, &c., are worthy of notice ; but its most interesting feature is the singular whirlpool in its neighborhood, denominated Helle Gat—" Hell Gate"— by the Dutch.
CROTON DAM.
A visit to the great Croton Aqueduct is one of the most interesting expeditions, as well as the easiest, that could be devised. The village of Croton is about 35 miles from the city, which is reached best by the Hudson Kiver Railroad. The famous Dam pertaining to the works is well worthy of a visit. The lake, meas- uring 5 miles, covers an area of 400 acres ; it is formed by a dam 250 feet long, and 38 feet wide at the base, allowing a discharge of 60 million gallons of water daily. Oars leave the Chambers-street depot, at the junction of West Broadway, every hour.
DAVID'S ISLAND,
Which may be reached by taking the Kew Haven cars to New Rochelle, and thence by stage to the ferry, is now occupied as a hospital for sick and wounded sol- diers, and is admiral )ly arranged under the superin* tendence of Dr. Simmons of the army. It is well worth a visit.
two CITY OF NEW TOEK.
THE ElSTYIKOl^S OF THE CITY.
FLUSHING.
A pleasant trip to the entrance of Long Island Sound, brings one to Flushing, a remarkably rural and pictu- resque town, with extensive botanic gardens, nurseries, and numerous elegant residences. It is a chosen subur- ban retreat of the New Yorkers. The Flushing boat leaves, twice a day, the dock adjoining the Fulton Ferry.
FORT HAMILTON,
An attractive place on the southwestern shore of Long Island, about five miles from the city ; and
CONEY ISLAND,
A short distance beyond, forming a part of Gravesend Township, is a sea-girt barren sand-heap, but com- mands a splendid view of the ocean, and is a place of much resort by bathers. Cars from Brooklyn, and boats from pier No. 1 North Kiver, New York, leave daily for these olaces.
JAMAICA,
Which is easy of access by the L. I. Railroad, South Ferry, which leaves three or four times a day, is an interesting old rural town, and is the highway of com- munication to Hempstead, Greenpoint, Rockaway, and Montauk : the last named, on the extremity of the island, affords a magnificent view of the broad ocean, which there skirts the horizon in almost every direction. There is a remnant of pure IndiaV> still living on this eastern extremity of the coast.
ROCKAWAY BEACH
Is another fashionable watering-place; there is a splen-
i
ENVIBONS. 121
did hotel here, and every accommodation for the com- fort of the valetudinarian. Turning again to the shores of New Jersey on the west, we find no less inviting attractions.
JERSET CIT7,
With its prodigious Depot of the Philadelphia and other trains, its nohle Ferry Depot, and its numerous facto- ries, streets of busy merchants, &c., first greet us. This city is the starting point of several important railroad trains, which convey the tourist at almost any hour to the several places we shall briefly specify-: namely —
PATERSON,
A large manufacturing village, with its picturesque Falls of the Passaic — one of the most romantic cascades that are to be seen. The water is not of great volume, but its precipitous leap over rocky precipices, gives to the scene a beautiful efiect.
ELIZABETH CITY
Is another place of interest, not only from its being one of the oldest settlements in the State (1664), but also on account of its handsome buildings, and beautifully arranged streets, which are garnished with the richest foliage.
NEWARK,
One of the most important manufacturing cities of the State, is fast becoming a great centre of activity in all the useful arts. Being a convenient halting-place for the Philadelphia trains, this city has increased with wonderful rapidity during a few years. It abounds with magnificent churches, and is considered in all re- spects a model city for its municipal and civil order. Newark's first settlement is ascribed to an ancient date, 1666, by a colony from New England. Many other adjacent places might be mentioned, as worthy of note, such as
122
CITY OF NEW YORK.
NEW BRUNSWICK,
Also an incorporated city, with its celebrated Prince- ton College, &c,,
PERTH AMBOY,
So named from its originally having been chartered to the Earl of Perth in 1683, is a neat and picturesque watering-place.
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THE HUDSON RIYEE.
123
y / or TNC \ ^
HIiDSON eavER
>-EM--VORK,
JAMES miiita.
THE HUDSON RIVER. 123
STREETS AND AVENUES.
The length of the blocks between First and One Hundred and Twenty-first streets, vary from^ 181 to 211 feet 11 inches.
Those between the Avenues (which run at righ^« angles to the streets), vary from 405 to 920 feet.
The Avenues are all 100 feet wide, excepting Lex- ington and Madison, which are 75, and Fourth Avenue, above Thirty-fourth street, which is 140 feet wide.
The numerical streets are all 60 feet wide, excepting Fourteenth, Twenty-third, Thirty-fourth, Forty-second, and eleven others, north of these, which are 100 feet "wide.
THE HUDSON EIYEE.
The tour of the noble Hudson is of such especial at- traction and interest to travellers, that we deem it fit- ting to devote a page or two to its description. This magnificent river has been appropriately styled the Khine of America, on account of its bold and pictur- esque scenery, which presents every variety of the beautiful in nature. On the western shores may be seen the long line of its natural ramparts — the pali- sades:; on the opposite side, its magnificent slopes and towering heights crowned with numerous elegant coun- try mansions. Adjacent to West Point are the colos- sal Highlands — those grand old mountain-peaks that rear themselves into the blue sky ; and farther up, on either side, are the numerous towns and hamlets that gem the mai'gin of tliis renowned historic river. Not alone for physical beauty is the Hudson celebrated ; it is full of historic and legendary lore. Its waters are vocal with the hallowed reminiscences of our Revoln- tionary struggle ; and all along its shores linger memo
124 CITY OF NEW YORK.
ries of heroic deeds of our forefathers. Its rocks and valleys are chronicled with the blood of the martyrs
and heroes of freedom.
What though no cloister gray, nor ivied column,
Along these cliffs their sombre ruins rear ; What though no frowning tower, nor temple solemn,
Of tyrants tell of superstition here ; There's not a verdant glade, nor mountain hoary, But treasures up the memory of freedom's story.
"While nature has been thus lavish in her decorations of this noble river, art has fitted up for the accommo- dation of the lover of the picturesque, those costly and elegant aquatic palaces — the steamboats, which have been long, and so justly, the pride of New York. Har- riet Martineau mentions, in her book on America, that if she were a New Yorker, she would sleep three nights out of the week, during summer time, on board the Hudson river steamers. These floating palaces are the frequent resort, not only of the stranger, but also of the denizens of the city, who seek the refreshing free air and enchanting scenery afforded by such an excursion. As the vessel leaves the dock, we first pass the Elysian fields of Hoboken, Weehawken bluff, and Bergen heights, on the west, and the long line of the city wharves and factories on the east. A little farther onward rises Fort Lee, a rocky bluff which commences the palisades, and which extend some twenty-five miles up the river, and then strike inland. The palisade range are of trap- rock, and resemble the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland. The island of Manhattan, on which New York is situ- ated, is of primitive granite, while the opposite shore is of the tertiary formation. Among other prominent buildings which garnish the edge of the island, may be seen the Orphan and the Lunatic Asylums^ also numer- ous cottages and villas. The town of Manhattanville is next visible, beautifully embosomed in a valley, being surrounded with hills. Here the celebrated naturalist Audubon resided. Carmansmlle^ about nine miles from the city proper, is clustered with neat rural resi- dences, and is a favorite resort of New Yorkers, as a
THE HUDSON EIVEE. 125
suburban retreat. Near this spot is the High Bridge^ which carries the Crotou aqueduct across the Harlem river. One mile fartlier is the bold, rocky height, known as Fort Washington^ memorable in our Revolu- tionary annals. It was the scene of a sanguinary en- counter with the invading army, in which the British lost eight hundred men, and we some two thousand prisoners. The next object of interest is Spuyten Duy-^ vel Creek^ the origin of which name is humorously de- scribed in Knickerbocker's History of New York. This stream, which flows into the Harlem river, forma the northern boundary of the island of Manhattan. The next town we meet, some sixteen miles from the city of New York, is Yonkers^ a beautiful and pic- turesque spot, and one of great resort as a rural re- treat. It is full of elegant villas and pretty cottages. Near the town are Fordham^ with its Roman Catholic College, and Tetard's Hill^ noted in Revolutionary history. Hastings is the next place of note. Here the palisades begin to recede from the river. DoWs Ferry^ an important spot in Revolutionary times, is situate on the western shore. On the opposite side of the river is the residence of Washington Irving — Sunny^ aide. This beautiful, antique villa is scarcely visible from the water, being enveloped with the thick foliage which surrounds it. It is styled WolferVs Boost^ in the "Sketch Book." The pleasure-grounds of Mr. Irving's residence are laid out with excellent taste, and the picturesque beauty of the place, as well as the world-wide fame of the author, render it the great attraction of tourists from all parts of the world. "We notice a little further up, Fiermont^ on the west, the starting point of the Erie Railroad. About three miles beyond is Tappan village, with its spreading bay. Tappan is celebrated as being the head-quarters of Washington during the war of Independence, and also of being the place of Major Andre's execution, in 1780. Tarrytown, distant twenty-six miles from New York, is famed as the place of the capture of Andre, by
126 OITY OF NEW TOEK.
Paulding and his compatriots. The spot is indicated by a monument, erected about half a mile northward of the town. About two miles distant is " Sleepy Hol- low," the scene of Ichabod Crane's adventure with the " Galloping Hessian," so amusingly described by Irving, in his Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The scene is in ex- cellent keeping with the story — a death-like stillness reigns here, which is only disturbed by the low mur- muring of the mill-stream. Every person who wants a fitting book to amuse him on his trip up the Hudson, should make Irving''8 Sketch Booh his companion du voyage.
Sing- Sing ^ 32 miles distant, is now in view, and from its elevated position presents an imposing aspect. Here is the State Prison, 444 feet in length, built of marblo dug from the neighboring quarries. Opposite Sing- Sing, across Tappan Bay, which at this point is widest, is Verdritege^s Rook, a bold headland, on the summit of which is a lake, the source of the Hackensack river. Croton Village is 3 miles farther, with its river which supphes New York with its water. 77ie Croton Aque- duct and Reservoir are objects of great interest. These splendid works cost about $14,000,000. The fountain reservoir is 40 miles from New York. The dam built at this place is 250 feet long, 70 wide at the base. On the western side is ffaverstraw, and 3 miles above it Stony Point, the site of the historic fort of that name. Directly opposite is VerplanFs Point, also interesting for its historic associations. Peekskill is a romantic and picturesque place, and abounds with beautiful resi- dences. On the opposite shore is CaldwelVs Landing^ which is at the base of the Dunderburg, or thunder- mountain. Passing on, we next see the small but pic- turesque Buttermilk Falls, about 200 feet in descent. West Point, distant 50 miles, is the next place of at- traction, and affords, doubtless, the most magnificent series of beautiful scenery in America. It is surround- ed with the Highlands, and commands from its great elevation an extensive and ever-varying succession of
THE HUDSON RIVER. 127
picturesque aspects. The Military Academy is one of the noble institutions of the Government, and an object of great interest. The beautiful grounds attached are laid out with taste and elegance, and are much resorted to by visitors. The Hotel is an establishment of the first class, and excellent in all its appointments. The view from the observatory of this hotel is very exten- sive and imposing. Near the steamboat landing is seen the rock from which the chain was stretched across the river during the Revolutionary war. Almost every spot of ground at West Point has historic interest. Fort Clinton stood where the Academy is now. Fort Putnam, and most others, are now in ruins. Passing through the magnificent mountain range Ave reach Gold Spring and Undercliff^ the residence of Gen. G. P. Morris. On the opposite side of the river, but invisible from the water, is Idlewild^ the residence of N. P. Willis. The next prominent village is Fishhill^ 60 miles distant, and here the mountain scenery is in all its grandeur ; but we soon pass to a different style of the picturesque. Newhurg^ on the opposite shore, noted as the head-quarters of Washington, is a large to\/n, built on a steep acclivity. The next place of note is PougJiTceepsie^ also built on an eminence, and eminently picturesque. There are numerous minor vil- lages, along either shore, all the way on to Albany^ the capital of the State ; but as the pleasure tourist may not possibly wish to extend his trip to 150 miles, we shall here respectfully part company.
128 CITY OF NEW YOEK.
SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS.
Pee80N8 who, for the first time, visit a great city like that we have ah-eady briefly described, doubtless fancy themselves in a very Babel of excitement and confu- sion; and would gladly accept the services of some good cicerone, or guide, who could conduct them through its perplexing mazes, pointing out what there is to see, and how to see it. No city of the New World is so truly cosmopolitan in its character as New York ; consequently it presents an almost endless variety of objects of interest for the visitor. It is difficult to de- scribe its many-hued aspects, for it is, in fact, an epit- ome of the civilized world ; and the physical as well as the moral aspects of the city present a like compli- cated character.
As the tour of the entire city would be a too ardu- ous performance for a pedestrian, we would advise the visitor to limit his perambulations to Broadway, from the Bowling Green to Union Square. Along this great promenade he will see enough to engage his attention for one day. Here are to be seen a long succession of splendid marble stores, churches, theatres, etc. Throughout the whole length of this great artery of the city, are to be seen the ebb and flow of a ceaseless tide of human beings, of every class and order; the belles and beaux of fashion, the busy devotees of toil, and the hapless ones who have not the will to work ; men who seek their illicit gains at the gaming-table, and who practise upon the unwary at mock auctions.
Commencing, then, our journey up Broadway from the Bowling Green, the first noteworthy object we ob- serve is the hotel at the southwestern corner, formerly Kennedy House^ described in the chapter on Historical Localities. Passing several rows of stone buildings, including AdarrCs Express office, we reach Trinity
SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. 129
Churchy the metropolitan churcli, which, being open to visitors, should certainly claim our attention. Not only should the interior be seen, but we ought to ascend the lofty steeple to view the magnificent pano- rama it affords of the city and its suburbs. We ought also to take a saunter among the venerable memorials of the sainted dead, not forgetting the recently erected Gothic monument to the memory of the martyrs of our Revolutionary struggle. Leaving Trinity Church and looking down Wall street, immediately opposite, we catch a partial glimpse of the United States Treasury on the north side; and further down on the oppo- site side of the street, the Custom house, a huge, colossal granite structure, where impoi-ters do chiefly congregate. On the corner of Wall street and Broad- way stands the elegant edifice of the Bank of the Re- public, and at the junction of the next (Pine) street we see the Metropolitan Bank ; also, a superb marble building, occupied by Insurance Offices, &c. We now need Argus' hundred eyes to look about us; for not only is it a perilous thing to attempt to pass over from one side of the street to the other from the incessant crowding of all sorts of vehicles, but we are every moment in danger of being jostled or pushed aside by the still greater crowds of pedestrians, all eagerly in pursuit of something. There are some further demands made upon us, also, by the shops which invite our curi- osity by their novel and motley contents. We now reach the junction of Fulton street and Old St. Paul's Church, with its sacred inclosure, containing the tall monument of the patriot Emmett, and the tombs of other celebrated characters. Facing this time-honored sanctuary, and in strange contrast with it, we notice Barnum's Museum^ which is crowded to excess with curiosities of all descriptions, but too numerous to men- tion. We pass on a few paces to the Astor House, the earliest establishment of its class, and still one of the most elegant of the larger hotels of the city. Here we see the Parlc^ City Hall^ the Times Office, the Tribune
130 CITY OF NEW TOKK.
huilding^ and old Tammany Hall^ the liead-qnarters of the stern democracy. In the intersecting streets to the west, between the Astor House and Stewart's, we catch a glimpse of long lines of splendid marble buildings, which give an imposing indication of the mercantile opulence of the city. At the rear of the City Hall we notice, at the junction of Chambers street and Broad- way, Stewart's Dry-Goods Palace^ occupying an entire block on Broadway. This is the great emi)orium of costly shawls, satins, silks, brocades, &c. It is now, however, devoted to the wholesale trade, the retail being removed to Stewart's new palace on Broadway, between Ninth and Tenth streets.
Passing up Broadway we soon approach the old- fashioned Hospital^ with its noble avenue of trees. The more recent additions to this establishment are to be seen extending on the street to the south. The magnificent marble structure opposite the Hospital is that of McNamee & Co.^ another well-known dry- goods establishment. On the site of the late Broad- way Theatre are some elegant new stores occupied by wholesale merchants. As we continue our up-town progress, we pass numerous other large buildings, in- cluding Taylor''s sumptuous saloon, and presently we cross Canal street, which, until within a quarter of a century, formed the boundary limits of the city in this direction. Pursuing our tour toward Grand street, we notice on the west side the white marble structure occupied by the Appletons, booksellers, and above on the east side Brooks'' brown stone building, and opposite to it Lord & Taylor''s dry-goods establishment, one of the most conspicuous architectural ornaments of Broad- way. The next street en route we pass is Broome street, at the corner of which is the elegant iron building of Haughwout & Co., a museum of superb statuettes, arti- cles oivertu, &c. Farther on, on the west side, stands the celebrated St. Nicholas hotel, extending to Spring street. On the opposite corner is the Prescott House, with ita
Broadway, as sken from Dr. Ciiapin^s Church
STJPPLEMENTAL HINTS. 131
gorgeous decorations. The next important edifices we meet are Dr. GhapirCs Church, with the Dusseldorf Gal- lery, and Tiffany & Co^s magnificent establishment. A little farther on is the fine marble building of Ball^ Blaclc <& Co., and at the corner of Houston street is the old St. Tfiomas' Church, opposite to which is the great Metropolitan Hotel and NihWe Theatre. Still farther up we cross Bleecker street and reach the Lafarge House, another superb hotel, and the Winter Garden^ (late Burton's). The Glym^nc Theatre is on the east- ern side, a little below. Broadway is proverbial for its incessant changes and improvements, but from Canal Street to Grace Church these mutations will be found most conspicuous to persons who have not visited the city for the past few years. Grace Church is regarded as the culminating glory of Broadway. Its delicate spire and richly chiselled exterior, as well as its superb though too gaudy interior, render it the object of uni- versal observation.
A short distance farther up brings us to Union Square, with its inclosed pleasure-grounds and foun- tain. On either side are elegant mansions and hotels. At the north the Everett House meets our gaze ; on the west Dr. Cheever''s Church, and on the southeast corner is the Equestrian Statue of Washington with the Union Square Hotel, &c. From this point we catch a glimpse of the Academy of Music, on the corner of 14th street and Irving Place. Our peregrinations are not yet com- pleted, the Fourth Avenue, which extends north- ward from the east side of Union Square, leads us to numerous objects of interest, such as Dr. Bellow^s Church, a singular specimen of medieval architecture, built with layers of different colored brick, and cased with stone facings. Dr. Code's (Calvary) Church, with two pointed towers, built in the cathedral style ; and St. PauVs (Methodist) Church, of pure marble, are adjacent. We have before indicated that the Fifth Avenue is the head-quarters of New York aristocracy, and abounds with the sumptuous residences of our
132 CITY OF NEW YOEK.
merchant princes. This splendid avenue extends north- ward to the Groton Aqueduct^ and the better mode of entering upon this expedition, is to hire a carriage and take a leisurely drive through tliis grand avenue up to the Aqueduct and the Centrhl Park. It would be well to adopt the same plan with the eastern part of the city, to the Shipping- Yards, Dry-Docks, &c. Brook- lyn, which is virtually a part of New York, is by no means to be omitted, for it is replete with interest, and is easily accessible hj means of the several ferries. The churches of both cities are fully detailed, for these form a characteristic feature, and well deserve the notice of the tourist. The several larger hotels are also specified, and those on a less expensive scale, which abound in New York, can be ascertained with- out diflSculty. The visitor should not forget the many beautiful environs of the city.
APPENDIX.
TBDE METROPOLITAN POLICE.
The recently organized Department of Protective and Detective Police of New York and Brooklyn, is consid- ered eminently effective and successful. Tlie heads of the Department appointed by the State Legislature, comprise a Board of Commissioners, J. A. Kennedy, General Superintendent, and George W. Embree, Chief Clerk, etc. By the last quarterly report, it appears that the Police force of the City of New York consists of twenty-six Captains, one hundred and five Sergeants, forty-two Roundsmen, sixty Detailraents, one thousand two hundred and fifty Patrolmen, and fifty-six Doormen.
The Police Telegraph has become an important auxil- iary in the prevention and detection of crime, and also is a great convenience to the public. By this medium, several hundred lost children have been restored to their homes, and many thousand instances of criminals brought to justice.
By the statistics submitted to the Board of Supervi- sors, it is shown that the most fertile source of crime is the dramshop. There are in this city seven thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine places where intoxicat- ing liquors are sold at retail.
The Police force of Brooklyn is organized on the same plan, and numbers in all two hundred and forty-eight.
The city of New York is divided into twenty-six Districts, the station-houses of which are situated as follows :
134 APPENDIX.
POLICE STATIONS.
Commissioners' Office— 300 Mulberry Street.
First Patrol District— %i^i\on House, at Franklin Market. Second Patrol District — Station House, 49 Beekraan street. Third Patrol District — Station House, 79 Warren street. Fourth Patrol District — Station House, 9 Oak street. Fifth Patrol District — Station House, 49 Leonard stfeet. Sixth Patrol District — Station House, 9 Franklin street. Seventh Patrol District — Station House, foot of Gouverneur st. Fighth Patrol District — Station House, Prince, cor. Wooster st. Ninth Patrol District — Station House, 94 Charles street. Tenth Patrol District — Station House, Essex Market. Eleventh Patrol District — Station House, Union Market. Twelfth Patrol District— Station House, 126th st., n. Third Av. Thirteenth Patrol District — Station House, Attorney, cor. De-
lancey street. Fourteenth Patrol District — Station House, 63 Spring street. Fifteenth Pai/J District — Station House, 220 Mercer street. Sixteenth Patrol iJtstrict — Station House, W. Twentieth street,
between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. Seventeenth Patrol District — Station House, First Avenue, cor.
Fifth street. Eighteenth Patrol District — Station House, E. Twenty-second
street, near Second Avenue. Nineteenth Patrol District — Station House, East Fifty-ninth
street, near Third Avenue. Twentieth Patrol District— St&tion House, 212 W. Thirty-fifth
street. Twenty-first Patrol District — Station House, E. Twenty-ninth
street, near Fourth Avenue. Twenty-second Patrol District — Station House, Eighth Avenue,
near W. Forty-eighth street. Twenty -third Patrol District — Station House, State, cor. White- hall street.
HOW TO LEAVE NEW YORK.
Por Philadelphia, via New Jersey R. R. Depot at Jersey City. Proceed to 171 Broadway, thence to the foot of Cortlandt street, and cross the Ferry.
Por Philadelphia, via Camden and Amboy R. R. From Pier No. 24 North River. Proceed to No. 227 Broadway, and west through Barclay street to the River.
Por Boston, via Stonington and Providence. From Pier No. 18, North River. Proceed to No. 171 Broad- way, and west through Cortlandt street to the River.
Por Boston, via Fall River and Newport. From Pier No. 3, North River. Proceed to No. 1 Broadway, and west through Battery Place to the River.
Por Boston, via Norwich and Worcester. From foot of Vestry street. Proceed to No. 417 Broadway, and thence through Canal street to the River.
Por Boston, via New Haven R. R. Depot, 27th street and 4th Avenue. Take a 4th Avenue car, which starts from Astor House, or a Broadway and 4th Avenue stage, north to 27th street.
Por Albany, via Hudson River R. R. Depot, Warren street and College Place. Proceed to 260 Broadway, west in Warren street to College Place.
Por Albany, via Harlem R. R. Depot, 26th street cor. 4th Avenue. Take a 4th Avenue car, which starts from Astor House, or' a Broadway and 4th Avenue stage, north to 26th street.
Por Albany, via People's Line Steamboats. From foot of Canal street. Proceed in Broadway to No. 417, and west through Canal street to the River.
Por Buffalo or Dunkirk, via N. Y. & Erie R. R. De- pot, foot of Duane street. Proceed in Broadway to No. 803, and west in Duane street to the River.
Por New Haven, by Steamboat. From Peck Slip. Proceed to No. 208 Broadway, and east in Fulton street to the River ; thence northeast two blocks.
I
JAMES MILLER,
522 BROADWAY, NEW YORK,
3PP081TH TlIK ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL,
Has for sale a very complete and extensive stock of
ENGLISH AND AMERICAN BOOKS.
^N THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF LITERATURE; INCLUDING STANDARD EDITIONS OF THE BEST AUTHOES IN
HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, BELLES-LETTRES, ETC.
FINELY BOUND IN MOROCCO, CALF, ETC., FOR
DRAWING-ROOM LIBRARIES;
LIKEWISE ORNAMENTED AND RICHLY EMBELLISHED BOOKS OF PLATES FOR THE CENTRE-TABLE.
%* Particular attention given to orders from Public and Private Libraries.
ENGLISH AND AMERICAN PERIODICALS
supplied and served carefully and feitlifully to Subscribers throughout the city, or sent by mail to the country. Orders from any part of the world, with a remittance or reference for payment in New York, will be promptly attended to.
IMPORTATION OF ALL BOOKS & PERIODICALS
for which he may receive orders, a small commission only being charged for the business. The same attention given to an order for a single copy as for a quantity.
BOOK BINDING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
mm
INDEX
PAGE
Academy of Music 64
Design 59
Artists' Studios 58
Astor Library 48
House ' 66
Asylum for Aired Females 42
American Institute 55
Geoofniphical Society 55
Apprentices' Library 52
Atlienseiun Club 81
Atlantic IJocks 110
Barnum's Museum 64
. ^anks of New York 86
a ittery, The. 27
)': . ;nevolent Societies 43
•i '.ible House, Tiie 57
lowery Theatre, New 64
owling Green, The 27
rooklyn, City of 107
City Hall lOS
■ Armory and Arsenal 108
Post-OtRce 109
Water Works 109
Navy Yard ^.109
Atlantic Dock 110
Hospital Ill
Schools and Institutes Ill
Hotels 112
Cemeteries 113
Churches 115
Kailroads 117
ud. Institution for the 44
»omingdale Asylum 40
evoort House fi9
yant's Minstrels 65
140 INDEX.
PAOK
New York Parks 27 ■
Historical Localities 5
Ketrospect of 13
— General View of 20
as it is 25
Orphan Asylum 40
Hospital 41
Dispensaries 42
Medical Colleges 43
Libraries 51
University and Colleges 55
Bible House , 57
Scientiiic Institutions 49
Newspapers 60
Hotels... 66
Kestaurants, &c 93
Banks 86
Churches 71
Novelty Works, The 42
Odd Fellows' Hall 46
Olympic Theatre 63
Omnibuses and Cars 99
Orphan Asylum 40
Leake and Watts 48
Parks and Squares 27
Packet S hips and Steamers 92
People's Bathing Establishment 48
Picture Galleries 58
Piers, The 106
Places of Amusement 62
Porterage Kates 90
Post Office, The 85, 36
Prescott House 68
Private Eesidences 80
Public and Ward Schools 56
■ Buildings 85
Works 89
Eail-cars and Omnibuses 99
Kailroads. 102
Kandall's Island 39
Restaurants and Saloons 93
Sailors' Snug Harbor 47
INDEX. 141
PA6B
Sailors' Benevolent Societies 47
Saloons, &c 93
St. John's Park 28
St. Luke's Hospital 42
St. Nicholas Hotel 67
St. Denis Hotel 69
Savings Banks 88
Schools, Public 56
Scientific Institutions 49
Sectional Dock 91
Seminaries, Theological 58
Ships and Clippers 92
Society for Relief of Widows 45
Societies, Benevolent 43
Stores, Notable .' 82
Statues, Public 84
Steamsliips 95
Supplemental Hints 128
Telegraph Stations 98
Theatres 63
Theological Institutions 58
Union Seminary 68
Episcopal Seminary 58
Times Office 60
Tompkins Square 29
Union Square 28
United States Assay Office 37
District Court 85
University of New York 55
Medical School 43
Wallack's Theatre 63
Ward Schools 56
Ward's Island 39
Washington Square 28
GREAT IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES.
i
EMFIRE
SHUTTLE MACHINE!
536 BROADWAY.
This Machine is constructed on entirely new principles of mechanism, possess- ing many rare and valuable improvements, having been examined bj- the most profonnd experts, and pronounced to be SIMPLICITY and PERFECTION COMBINED.
It has a straight needle, perpendicular action, makes the liOOK or SHUTTLE STITCH, which will neither RIP nor R.WKL, and is alike on both sides ; per- forms perfect sewing on every description of material, from Leather to the finest Nansook Muslin, with cotton, linen, or silk thread, from the coarsest to the finest number.
Having neither CAM nor COG WHEEL, and the least possible friction, it runs as smooth as glass, and is
Emphatically a Noiseless Machine !
It requires FIFTY PER CENT, less power to drive it than any other Ma- chine in market. A girl of twelve years of age can work it steadily, without fatigue or injury to health.
Its strength and WONDERFUL SIMPLICITY of construction render it al- most impossible to get out of order, and is GUARANTEED by the company to give entire satisfaction.
We respectfully invite all those who may desire to supply themselves with a superior article, to call and examine this UNRIVALLED MACHINE.
PRICES OF MACHINES COMPLETE.
No. 1, Family Machine, with Hemmer, Feller, and Braider $60.
No. 2, Small Manufacturing, with E.\tension Table 75.
No. 3, Large Manufacturing, with Extension Table 85.
No. 3, Large Manufacturing, for Leather, with Rolling Foot and
Oil Cup 100.
One-half hour'' s initructinti is sufficient to enable any person to work
this Machine to their entire sati<<factio7i,
AGENTS WANTED for all Towns in the United States where Agents are
not already established. Also, for Cuba, Mexico, Central and South America,
to whom a liberal discount will be given.
TERMS, invariably CASH on delivery.
T. J. McARTHUR & CO.,
536 Broadway, N. Y.
E 5
ELLIOT'S NEW REPEATERS
Are the most effective Revolvers made, as they secure the whole 'power of the common metallic Cartridge No. 32. Most durable and simple, smallest and most convenient, most rapidly loaded and fired.
Their arrangement is entirely novel, and does away with the cumbersome and complicated machinery of the other forms. The American Institute awarded them the premium. Trade supplied.
ELLIOT ARMS COMPANY,
494 Broadway, N. T
KNITTING MACHINES,
DALTON'S PATENT,
FOR FACTORIES AND FAMILY USE,
MANUFACTURED BY THE
DALTON KNITTING MACHINE COMPANY, Office, 637 Broadway, N. Y.
The simplest and most effective Knitting Machine ever invented.
W. & C. K. HERRICK,
STATIONERS' WAREHOUSE, 75 JOHN STREET, H
Importers and Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Stationery
Our no
lustrated Catalogs be sent fi mail on cation.
BOLE- AGENTS FOR DRAPER'S PATENT AIR-TIGHT JKKBTI Tlie Old Stand, 75 John St., N 11
DAVIS, COLLAMORE & CO.,
(4 doors below Broome Street,) HAVE A VERY LARGE STOCK OF
DINNER AND TEA SETS,
CHAMBER SETS,
CUT AND PRESSED GLASSWARE, Parian Statuettes,
MANTLE VASES,
TABLE PITCHERS.
China Decorated to Pattern, with Crest or Initial.
GLASS ENGRAVED WITH CREST OR INITIAL.
Goods carefully Packed. PRICES, CONSIOERIIVG QUALITY, ARE LOW9
LIST OF
PRANG'S ALBUM CARDS,
IN OIL COLORS.
Wild Flo-wers of America, Parts I. & II. May ; Parts I. & II, June ; Parts I. & II. July ; Parts I. & II. August; Part I. September. American Sea Mosses, Parts I., II., & III. Views in Central Park, New York, Parts I., II., & III. Butterflies of America, Parts I., II., III., IV., & V. American "Wood Mosses, Parts I. & II. American Autumn Lieaves, Parts I., II., III., IV., & V. S ummer Landscapes, Part I. Winter Iiandscapes, Part I. American Cultivated Flow^ers, Parts T. & II. American Fruit and Blossoms, Parts I. & II. Humming Birds of America, Parts I. & II. American Singing Birds, Parts I., II.,. III., & IV. Roses, Part I.
liife of Cliildhood, Parts I. & II. Pilgrim's Progress, Parts I., II., & III. Poor KIcliard's Maxims, Parts I. & II. lilfe in Camp, Parts I. & II. Funny Characters, Parts I. & II. "Views on tUe Hudson, Part I. W^liite Mountain Scenery, Part I. Vie^vs of Niagara Falls, Part I. Cliildren of the Bible, Part I. Ten Commandments, Part I. Vessels and Marine Views, Part I. New York Street Scenes, Part I.
These Pictures are so well known all over the country, and their merit as works of art and works of instruction are so fully established, that we refrain from all commendation of our own.
AS A PRESENT TO LADIES,
Nothing can be more appropriate, and friends abroad will be delighted to receive specimens of purely American Art, representing American Autumn Leaves, American Flowers, Fruits, Birds, Butterflies, Scenery, etc.
Each Series is put up by itself, in sets of 12 Cards, representing 12 dif- ferent specimens.
PRICE 50 CENTS PER SET.
Sold by Booksellers generally, or sent by mail on receipt of Price. I.. FRANG & CO., Art Publishers,
No. 159 Washington Street, Boston.
NATIONAL SERIES
OP
STANDARD SCMOOL-BOOKS,
PUBLISHED BY
BARNES & BURR, 51 & 53 JOfilV-ST.
Alfred S. Barnes. Henbt L. Burr.
Reading Boohs and Spellers.
Parker & Watson's Series of Readers and Spellers. Northend's Dictation Exercises. Smith's Juvenile Definer. Smith's Grammar School Speller.
Geography and History.
Monteith & McNally's Geographies, 4 Nos. Monteith's Youth's History of the United States. Willard's Series of School History, and Charts.
Arithmetics, Algebra, and Geometry.
Davies' Ne-w Series of Arithmetics, 4 Nos.
Davies' Elementary Algebra.
Davies' University and Bourdon's Algebra.
Davies' Elementary Geometry.
Davies' Analytical and Legendre's Geometry.
English Grammar and Composition,
Clark's First Lessons, and Practical Grammar.
Welch's English Sentence.
Boyd's Elements of English Composition.
Philosophy, Botany, and Chemistry.
Peck's Ganot's Popular Physics. Wood's Class-Book of Botany. Porter's Principles of Chemistry.
Teachers, School Committees, and all interested in Edtt-' CATION, are invited to examine the above Works, and also other volumes comprising the " National Series," — Catalogues of which are sent to all parts of the United States, post-paid, on application to the publishers,
BARNES & BURR.
KIRTLAND, BRONSON & CO.,
MANTJTAOTXIBERS AND JOBBERS OF
CLOTHING,
Nos. 45 and 47 Chambers Street,
NEW YORK,
Offer to first-class buyers, a large and very complete stock of
FALL AND WINTER CLOTHING,
Of all grades, from the finest and most expensiue qualities, down to medium and low priced goods.
Our foreign, as well as our domestic purchases, having been made early, upon a low Gold Basis and Tariff, we are in a position to afford our goods at prices which will enable our customers to secure the benefit of the advance.
Jobbers, Merchant Tailors, and Deal- ers generally, will find it to their advantage to call and examine our stock before purchasing.
^^ Particular attention paid to the execution of orders.
ACXER MERRALL & CO.
132 Chambers Street,
NEW YORK,
DEALERS IN
WINES, LIQUORS,
AND
FINE GROCERIES,
Offer for sale an extensive assortment of every thing in their line, comprising choice and rare brands of Foreign Wines and Liquors, Havana Segars, English, French and Italian Goods, to which they would call the attention of the trade, private families and hotels.
Particular attention paid to putting up Cabin and Yacht Stores.
Goshen Butter put up in every style of package^ for shipment to all parts of the world
E.
& H. T. ANTHONl^ & CO,,
501 Broadway, Nrw York, Manufacturers of
PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS,
of the best quality, also of PHOTOGRAPHIC AP- PARATUS for field work, for the gallery, and for oopying maps, drawings, <£-c., <€-c.
Practical and experienced attention given to all or« ders in our line.
CARD FHOTOGBAPHS.
Our Catalogue now embraces considerably over
FOUR THOUSAND
different subjects (to which additions are continually
being made) of Portraits of Eminent Americans, etc.,
viz.:
1 0 Major-Q-enerals, 6 Brigadier-Generals,
70 Colonels,
96 Lieut.-Colonels, 232 Other Officers,
86 Officers of the Navy,
525 Statesmen, 257 Divines, • 140 Authors,
33 Artists, 123 Stage,
64 Prominent Women,
147 Prominent Foreign Portraits.
2,500 COPIES OF WORKS OF ART.
Inoludinq Rb-prodcctions of the most Cklebba*
TED Engravings, Paintings, Statues, &o.
Catalogues sent on receipt of Stamp.
An order for One Dozen PICTURES from our
Catalogue will be filled on receipt of $1 80, and sent
Dy moil,/re€.
PHOTOGRAFHIG ALBUMS.
Of these we manufacture a great variety, ranging in
price from 50 cents to $60 each. #
Our ALBUMS have the repu lationcf being supe- rior in beauty and durability to all others.
The smaller kind can be sent safely by mail at a postage of six cents per oz.
The more expensive can be sent by express.
We also keep a large assortment of STEREOSCOPES & HTEREOSCOPIC VIEWS. Our Catalogue of these vn\l be sent to any address on receipt of Stamp.
E. & H. T. ANTHONY,
Manufacturers of Photographic Materials, 501 Broadway, New York.
Friends or relatives of prominent military men will confer a favor by sending us their Ukenesses to copy. They will be kept carefully, and returned uninjured.
BS- FINE ALBUMS MADE TO ORDER for Congregations to present to their Pastor, or for other purposes, with suitable inscriptions, &c.
LEWIS HURST,
(COENEE OF JOHN-STEEET,)
NE1¥ YORK CITY.
Notary Public, and Commissioner of Deeds,
For NEW YOEK CITY and the several States and Tereitoeies. Authorized to take Depositions, Acknowledgments of Deeds, Letters of Attorney, Verification of Accounts, «&c., to be used therein, viz. :
MAINE,
NEW HAMPSHIEE,
VEEMONT,
MASSACHUSETTS,
EHODE ISLAND,
CONNECTICUT,
PENNSYLVANIA,
D^AWAEE,
MARYLAND,
VIEGINIA.
NORTH CAEOLINA,
SOUTH CAEOLINA,
GEOEGIA,
ALABAMA,
MISSISSIPPI,
LOUISIANA,
TEXAS,
AEKANSAS,
TENNESSEE,
KENTUCKY,
OHIO,
MICHIGAN,
INDIANA
ILLINOIS,
MISSOUEI,
FLOEIDA,
WISCONSIN,
IOWA,
MINNESOTA,
CALIFOENIA,
OEEGON,
NEW MEXICO,
UTAH,
NEBEASKA,
KANSAS,
WASHINGTON.
g^" Depositions taken, Titles to Eeal Estate investigated, and Collec- tions made, in any part of the State of New York.
U. S. Passports promptly secured.
Soldiers' Land Wari^ants obtained and located.
9S P
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THE
PHUENOLOGICAL JOURNAL,
AND
LIFE ILLUSTRATED,
SAMUEL R. WELLS, Editor,
Is devoted to Anthropology, or the Science of Man in all his relations, Physical, Mental, and Spibitual, in the various departments of
ETHNOLOGY,
PHYSIOLOGY,
PHRENOLOGY,
PHYSIOGNOMY, and
PSYCHOLOGY,
embracing our social, intellectnal, and religious nature, including the right education and training of children ; treatment of the insane, management of prisoners, the better regulation of ourselves and of communities.
PORTRAITS, with biogi-aphical sketches, of remarkable men; illus- trations of the different races; the temperaments ; "signs of character," as revealed through the organization — head, face, feet, hands, walk, talk, in- cluding eyes, mouth, lips, chin, nose, etc., will be given.
THE SOUIi, as manifested through organization, in its relations to this life and the life to come, and how to increase the light of our "inner life," and to elevate man to the position his Creator intended him to fill, are subjects on which our sciences throw a flood of light, and our readers shall have the benefit of its best teachings.
OTHER INTERESTS will be considered. "We feel it a duty to par- ticipate in, and co-operate with, all the great movements for the " emanci- pation of man," from error, ignorance, sin, want, intemperance, and spiritual darkness. Our work embraces all mankind, and all interests.
A NEW VOLUME, the S9th, commenced January, 1S64, published monthly, in a beautiful quarto, at $1.50 a year. Sample numbers, 15 cents. Please address
FOWLER & WELLS, 389 Broadway, N. Y.
^pW Examinations, with full written descriptions of character, given when desired. The CABINET, or MUSEUM, is always open, and free to visitors. Catalogues sent on receipt of stamp.
After the 1st of May our address will be 389 BROADWAY.
FOWLEK & WELLS.
PETER COOPER'S
REFINED
GELATINE,
A PRIME ARTICLE
VKET BXTBNSrVELT U8RD FOB
CHARLOTTE RUSSE,
BLANC-MANGE, TABLE JELLIES, Slo'.
The Shred, witli Directions for using, is put up in small Packages, and is sold "by all the principal Grocers and Druggists in the city and country,
PETER COOPER, 17 Burling Slip. STRANGERS VISITING NEW YORK
In pursuit of an elegant and becoming HAT, should understand that
is: 3sr o :x:
HAS JIT8T ISSUED HIS
Which in Beattty, DtrEABiLiTY, Excellence of Material, SirPERiOErrf of Makufactxtek, and extraordinary Cheapness, stand unrivalled.
^^ Call and examine them at
KNOX'S
§xmt pat aitJj €^ €skhh\mmi,
No. 212 BROADWAY,
Comer of Fulton Street.
NEW YORK
OMAMENTAL IRON WORKS
OP
(SUOOESSOBS TO PHILIP TABB),
534 BROADWAY,
OPPOSITE THE 8T. NICHOLAS HOTEL. MANUFACTURERS OF
IRON FURNITURE, GARDEN ORNAMENTS,
CEMETERY EMBELLISHMENTS, RAILIINGS, ETC.
Iron Bedsteads,
Hat and Coat Stands,
Wash-Stands,
Saloon Tables, Store Stools, Umbrella Stands,
Brackets,
Children's Cribs, Cradles, Toilet Stands,
Garden Vases,
Fountains, Statuary, Chairs, Settees,
Trellisses,
Summer Houses, "Wire Arbors, Flower Stands,
Ivy Trainers.
IVY LEAF BORDERS FOR INCLOSING SHNGLE GRAVES,
With NAME, TABLET, Ac. &c.
CI._1863._B.
^•-^-
5'
A PUREIiY YECJETABIiE T0:K'IC5
INVIGORATING AND STRENGTHENING,
Fortifies the system against the evil effects of un- wholesome water.
Will cure Dyspepsia.
Will cure Weakness. Will cure General Debility.
Will cure Heartburn. Will cure Headache.
Will cure Liver Complaint. Will excite and create a healthy appetite.
Will invigorate the organs of digestion and moderately increase the temperature of the body and force the circula- tion, acting, in fact, as a general corroborant of the sys- tem ; containing*lio poisonous drugs, and is the lest Tonic Bitters in the world. A fair trial is earnestly solicited..
GEO. C. HUBBEL & CO., Proprietors,
Hudson, N. Y.
Central Bepot^ American Express Building, No. 55 < Hudson street, New York.
For Sale by Druggists, Grocers, &c.
A. M. MERWm, Auctioneer,
AUCTION SALES
OF
BOOKSELLERS' STOCK,
Paintings, Engravings, Coins, Autograplis,
FANCY GOODS, &c., &c.,
Are made by us regularly during the business season. Ou» facilities, arrangements, and location are unsurpassed.
BANGS, I?IER1¥IN & CO.,
696 Broadway, Oor. of Fourth St.
KUNDAHL & SCHEIFELE,
BOOKBINDERS,
416 Broome Street, N. Y.,
Would respectfully inform Publishers, Bcyksellers, and the Trade generally, that they are now prepared to execute JOB .BOOKBINDING, and also for the Binding of Editions of a Book in
:Half and Pull Calf, or Turkey Morocco, gilt or plain, and in antique styles.
.Mich and plain Half-Undings for Magazines, Mime, &c.
Booksellers and others who desire work done in any of the above styles of Binding, would find it to their interest to call upon us, examine our work, and obtain an estimate of prices, ^before having the work executed elsewhere.
JOHN A.. REED,
LATE
E. W. BURR,
NO. 573 BROADWAY,
OPPOSITE THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Manufacturer of every Style of
FINE SOLID GOLD JEWELHT, "
DIAMONDS, AND ALL PRECIOUS STONES, ETC.
All of which he eetails at the lowest wholesalb prices. The Great NARDIL WATCH,
equal in every respect to the best Makers of the Day, and Thirty Per Cent, less in price.
J^F'NO PLATED, FILLED, OR IMITATION JEWELRY SOLB AT THIS ESTABLISHMENT.
1VII.I.IA1WI TAYI^OR'S
FAMILY RESTAUEANT,
mm %mMAm ^m^%m
NO. 555 BROADWAY.
In this Establishment Meals may be obtained at all Hours of the Day, of the First Quality, and served in the Best Style. In the Store Department are for sale
MFE ERE]SrGHEON"BO]SrS,
CHOCOLATES, PASTRY, FRUIT, ETC.
/■
THE ILLUSTRATED
Phrenological Journal,
S. R. WELLS, Editor.
IS DEVOTED TO
Tlie Study ofMan, in all his
Relations, Physically, Intellectually, Morally, and Socially, through the means of Science and Kevelatiou.
The JVatural History of
Man.— Ethnology— including the Man- ners, Customs, Religions, and Modes of I.ife in the Different Families, Tribes, and Nations will be given.
Pliyslology, the Laws of Life, Dietetics, Kxercise, Sleep, Study, Bod- ily (xrouth, etc., will be presented on strictly Hygienic principles.
Plirenology.— The Brain and
its Functions, the Temperaments, Lo- cation of the Organs, Choice of Pur- suits, etc.
PUyslognomy ; or "The Hn man Face Divine." A New System. Eyes, Ears, Nose, Lips, Mouth, Head, Hair, Hands. Feet, Skin, Complexion, with all "Signs of Character," and " How to Read Them."
The Human Soul.— Its Na
ture. Office, and Condition in Life and in Death ; Man's Spiritual State in the Here and in the Hereafter.
Biography. — In connection with Portraits and Practical Deliuea
tions of Character, we give condensed and interesting Biographical Sketches of our most distinguished men.
Marriage forms a part of the life of every well organized human being. The elements of love are inborn. The objects of Marriage stated. All young people require instruction and direction in the selection of suitable life-compan- ions. Phrenology throws light on the subject, and we discuss it on scientific principles, in the department of "Oua Social Relations."
The Choice of Pursuits.—
How to select the Pursuit for which a person is best adapted, clearly ex- plained ; the Learned Professions of Law, Medicine, and Divinity ; Inven- tion ; Mechanics ; Agriculture ; Manu- facturing, Commerce— in short, all the interests of civilized society receive our careful attention.
Miscellaneous. — Churches, Schools, Prisons, Asylums, Hospitals, Reformatories, etc., described with Modes of Worship, Education, Train- ing, and Treatment, command our at- tention in each number of The Phre- nological Journal and Lifu Illus- trated for 1865.
TZSRraS. — New Volumes commence with January and July. Published monthly, in quarto form, at $2 a year in ad- vance. Sample numbers by first post, 20 cents. Clubs of Ten, or more, $1.50 each per copy. Supplied by Booksellers and Newsmen everywhere. Please address,
Messrs. FOAVLER & WELLiS,
389 Bkoadway,-New York, U. S. A.
PW Examinations, with full written descriptions of character, given when desired. Tiie CABINET, or MUSEUM, is always open, and free to visitors. Catalogues sent on receipt of stamp.
THOS. A. WILMURT,
LOOKING GLASS & PICTURE FRAME
MANUFACTURER. 706 BROADIVAY, ]\EW TORK.
FRAMES REaiLT.
WILLIAM IIALIi 4& SOi^,
543 BROADWAY, NEW YORK,
AGENTS FOR THE
CELEBRATE!) DRIG(^S' J\EW PATEOT
AND
Geo. A. Prince & Co.'s
SCHOOL AND AUTOMATIC ORGANS.
Publishers and Importers of Music and Musical Merchandise.
Mnsie sent by Mail, Postpaid, on receipt of Pr|cer
ESTABLISHED IS 1831
W. GALE & SON,
487 Broadway, cor. Broome Street,
MANUFACTURERS OP
STERLING SILVER-WARE,
AJ^a> DEALERS IN
FLATEID WARES,
AND
FINE TABLE CUTLERY.
A good assortment constantly on hand.
Designs furnished for presentation pieces^
TIFFANY & CO., Nos. 550 & 552 BROADWAY, NEW YOEK,
AND
No. 79 BUE KICHELIEU, PARIS.
Haviiis: largely increased their business premises by the occupancy of the adjoining building, respectfully invite the attention of all persona i«iterested in Military Goods, to their
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL EQUIPMENT.
This new Br-anch of the Business of the House will comprehend, in quantity and style, the whole detail of a SOLDIER'S PERSONAL AND CAMP FURNITURE, from that of a Major-General to a Pri- vate:— Swords, Sword Belts and Knots, Sashes of all grades and colors, Overcoat Slings, Epaulets, Shoulder-Straps, Army and Navy Caps and Cap Embroideries, U. S. Felt Hats, Laces, Fringes, Knapsacks, llavre- Bacs, Canteens, Horse-Trappings, and, in a word, every thing pertaining to the Equipment of the Soldier.
The Department of FIRE ARMS, including
ARMS OF PRECISION, FOWUNG PIECES, &C*,
Will always be especially comprehensive, the European connection of the House giving it peculiar facilities for presenting to the American 7>urchaser, in addition to the great variety of home productions, the Lftwest worlds of the best
FABR1€ANTS OF PARIS, LIEGE AXD BIRail^GHAM.
Anionic the last importations, a large invoice of the famous REPEAT- ING PISTOL OF LAFOUCHIiUX, of Paris, adopted by the French Government, and the REVOLVERS OF DEVISME & PERRIN, of tlie same City, not hitherto known in tliis Country, as well as the SELF-OOCKiNG ARMS OF ADAMS, KERR & DEAN, of London, and of TRANTER, of Birminirham. merits general attention.
TIFFANY & CO. will likewise furnish the celebrated BLADES OP SOLLINGEN ON THE RHINE, by universal consent the best Swords produced in Europe.
Regimental Standards, elegantly Embroidered or Painted, U. S. Flags, and Regimental or Company Colors, in Silk or Bunting, hirnished at short notice.
In commending their new enterprise to patronage, TIFFANY & CO. beg leave to stato, that their facilities for conducting it aro, in all re- spects, commens'i.rate with those that have contributed to the success of their general business, and such as to enable them to
EQUIP WHOLE REGIMENTS WITH UNIFORMS, &c.,
Both well and promptly. A complete KIT OF THE FRENCH SOL- DIER OP niE LINE, including the whole Uniform, Camp-Ware, TeJiie <TAhri, ct-c, of the Chasseur d Pied, recently obtained with sreat ditHculty by th(» Paris t>rancli of the House, is now to be seen at the New York Establishment, and will offer many valuable hints to aiy one RAISING OR UNIFORMING A CORPS.
DECKER BROTHERS,
MANUFACTURERS OF
FACTORY Ar^D ^ITAREROOIflS,
91 Bleecker Street,
Marble Building, one Block West of Broadway.
CHICKERINa & SONS,
Established, 1 823.
GRAND, SQUARE, & UPRIGHT PIANOS.
6 25 BROAD WAY.
MANUFACTURKIJS OF
Nos. 118 & 120 Third Avenue, & No. Ill Fourteenth Street.
WARKKOOMS:
No. Ill Fonrteenth Street,
NEW YORK.
BRADBURY'S
NEW SCALE PIANOS
nre acknowledged by the musical profession of New York " Superior in Tone, Touch, Power, and Workmanship, throushout." Send lor Illus- trated Circular and Price List to WM. B. BPwADBUEY, 425 and 427 Broome Street, New York.
A TRIUMPH OP ART.
Chancing to visit recently the extensive Music and Piano establishment of Messrs. Wainelink & Barr, on St. Clair-street, we took occasion to ex- amine a Grand Scale Square Piano of Bradbury's build, which Messrs. W. & B. claim as the finest Piano ever brought to the West, and from what we then lieard of its capabilities we feel justified in saying that we have never before heard an instrument post^essing !<uch ricli roundness, mel- lowness, and depth of tone. It is not our purpose to vaunt its superiority over any other particular build of ]>ianos, but merely to note its own ex- cellence, with a feeling of gnitilication that the taste of our citizens is so refined as to create a demand for such instruments. This magnificent instrument possesses not one hart^h. jarring, or '• wooden" note, either in its liighest or lowest registers ; it sinks its melodious tones to the softness of an aeolian harp, or in the wildest forte passages, pours forth a flood of rieliest harmony, its music seeming a thing of soul, and lite, and symjja- thy, with the heart of an impassioned i)erformer, not a mere uiacliine of liammers, wires and keys for the rendering of written notes. It seemed to us as if perfection had at length been reached in the construction of the l)iano-forte. This iustriiiiient lias since been sold to a wealthy gentleman of Oil City, but Messrs. Waineiink & Barr propose to replace it by a similar one at an early day. — Pittsburgh Chronicle.
STRONG IlV©OlvLSEME]VT.
The Musical profession of the city of New York have with most unprece- dented unanimity iiwarded to William B liradbiiry, the liigliest meed of praise lor his new and beautiful i)iano-t()ites. 'f liey state, among other highly compli- mentary notices, tliat they have examined with much care W. B. IJradbury'.s new scale piano-fortes, and it is our opinion that in power, purify, richness, equality of tone, and tliorough ^vorkmanship, Mr. Bradbury's instruments ex- cel. We find great brilliancy, and beantihil singing quality of tone mcJst happily blended. We have rarely seen a square piano •combine so many of those quali- ties so essential to a PERFECT INSTRUMENT.
William Mason, IIaury Sanderson, Clare W. Beames,
S. li. Mills, Charles Wells, Max Maretzek,
Geo. W. Morgan, Geo. F. Bkistow, Carl Anschutz,
Theo. Thomas, A. Magiola, E. .M. Carrington,
W. Beuge. (Justave R. Eckhardt, John H. Ickler,
John N. 1'attison, Geo. Curtis, Robert Stoepel,
t'HARLES Fardel, II. E. Mathews, Henry C. Timm,
Robert Heller, K. L. Ritier, T. E. Perkins,
('harles Grobe, F. H. Nash, Theo. Hagen, Ed. New
Strakosch, Theo. Moelling, York Musical Review,
John Zundel, Organist in H. W. Beecher's Church.
425 & 427 Broome Street, New York,
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
0 012 609 469 3 ^
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