The Photographic History of The Civil War
In Ten Volumes
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The publishers desire to express in this final volume a particular obligation to members of the special editorial forco which has carried the Photographic History to completion. It was impossible for the staff of the Review of Reviews, at the beginning of the undertaking, to estimate its extent. To construct ten large volumes, to avoid controversy throughout, yet to obtain an
Historical J^aitor, the text nas received a minute scrutiny in manuscript and proof, coupled v
and investigation, imparting in no small degree its accuracy of statement and harmony of na
Literary Editor, has developed and organized the text, from the initial extensive correspondence and negotiations in the obtaining
of adequate contributions, to seeing the pages through the press. One and all have cooperated unsparingly, with many personal
sacrifices. No small stimulus has come from the actuality of the photographic collection which the text seeks to complement.
And all have felt the inspiration of this opportunity — to present the immense facts of Civil War bravery and tragedy in a lorm
that is sympathetic and universal.
Thanks are due to many friends who have supplied rare and valuable photographs since the acknowledgments in Volume I went to press: Gen. G. W. C. Lee, C. S. A.; Col. E. F. Austin; R. B. Breen; Berry Benson, C. S. A.; Miss Sarah A. Smyth; \V. II. Chamberlain, U. S. V.; Lieut-Col. Andrew Cowan U. S. V.; John Daniel, Jr., Late 7th Infantry, N. G. N. Y.; E. Drigg; Loyall Farragut; Miss A. L. Gill; Gen. Theodore S. Peck, U. S. V.; Col. C. F. Homer; James Howe; Mrs. T. M. Steger; C. D. MacDougall;
GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL GENERAL.
JAMES JOHN W. JOHN R. ROBERT D. P. G. T. LEWIS HENRY A. JOSEPH L".
CONNOR GEARY MAGRUDER LILLEY BEAUREGARD WALLACE WISE BRENT
JAMES LYONS
"SOLDIERS AND CITIZENS"
ROBERT E. LEE WITH FORMER UNION AND CONFEDERATE LEADERS AFTER THE ARMIES' WORK WAS DONE
By great good fortune this unique photograph, taken at White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, in August, 1869, was preserved more than forty years by a Confederate veteran of Richmond, Mr. James Blair, through whose courtesy it appears here — to sound the key-note of this volume as no preface could. Such a fraternal gathering could have been paralleled after no other great war in history. For in this neighborly group, side by side, are bitter foemen of not five years past. Near the un mistakable figure of Lee stands Lew Wallace, the commander who in 1864 had opposed Lee's lieu tenant — Early — at the Monocacy ; the division leader who at Shiloh, first grand battle of the war, had fired on the lines in gray commanded by the dashing Confederate general who now touches him on the right — Beauregard. To the left stand Connor and Geary, formerly generals of opposing forces in the Carolinas. There is the tall "Prince John" Magruder, the venerable Henry A. WTise, and other one-time leaders of the Gray. And for a further touch of good citizenship, there is added the distinguished presence of George Peabody of Massachusetts, and W. W. Corcoran of Washington — philanthropists of the noblest type, but not alone in this group "as having helped their fellow men."
[4]
-Centennial
I The Photographic History of The Civil War
In Ten Volumes
FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER - ROBERT S. LAMER
Managing Editor
Thousands of Scenes Photographed
1801-05, with Text by many
Special Authorities
NEW YORK
THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS Co.
1911
W/V
The Photographic History of The Civil War
In Ten Volumes
Volume Ten Armies and Leaders
Contributors KOBEKT S. LANIER
Managing Editor
WILLIAM COXAXT CHURCH
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. V. ; Editor of "The Army and Navy Journal " ; Author of "Life of Ulysses S. Grant," "Life of .John Ericsson," etc.
WILLIAM PETERFIELD TRENT, LL.l).
Professor of English Literature in Columbia University ; 'Author of "Robert E. Lee," "Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime,"
etc.
WALTER LYNWOOD FLEMING, PH.D.
Professor of History, Louisiana State Uni versity ; Author of " Secession and Recon struction of Alabama/' etc.
JOHN E. OILMAN
Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Republic, 1 910-1911
ALLEN C. REDWOOD
Artist and Author; Late Army of Northern Virginia; Author of "Johnny Reb Pa pers," etc.
HILARY A. HERBERT
Late Colonel, Eighth Alabama Infantry ; Late Secretary of Navy of the United States
MARCUS ,T. WRIGHT
Late Brigadier-General, Confederate States Army ; Agent for the Collection of War Records, United States War Department
SAMUEL A. CUNNINGHAM
Late Sergeant-Major, Confederate States Army ; Founder and Editor of " The Con federate Veteran "
New York
The Review of Reviews Co.
1911
COPYRIGHT, mil, BY PATRIOT PUBLISHING Co., SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, INCLUDING THAT OF TRANSLATION INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES, INCLUDING THE SCANDINAVIAN
Printed in New York, U.S.A.
THE TROW PRESS NEW YORK
CONTENTS
FRONTISPIECE
INTRODUCTION
Robert S. Lanier
ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT 29
William Conant Church
ROBERT E. LEE 51
William Pctcrfield Trent
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN . 75
Walter L. Fleming
"STONEWALL" JACKSON 97
Allen C. Redwood
LOSSES IN THE BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR — THEIR MEANING . . . .117 Hilary A. Herbert
Casualties of Great European Battles 140
Battles and Casualties of the Civil War — Gen. Marcus J. Wright . . . 142
Troops Furnished to the Union Army by the States 146
Casualties in the Union and Confederate Armies ....... 148
Summaries of Organizations in the Two Armies ....... 150
Regimental Casualties in the Union Army ........ 152
Some Striking Confederate Losses 156
THE FEDERAL ARMIES; THE CORPS AND THEIR LEADERS 159
THE CONFEDERATE ARMIES AND GENERALS . 239
THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE VETERANS 287
THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC 290
John E. Oilman
THE UNITED CONFEDERATE VETERANS 296
Samuel A. Cunningham
GENERAL OFFICERS, UNION AND CONFEDERATE — A COMPLETE ROSTER . . . 301
INDEX 323
PHOTOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS THROUGHOUT THE VOLUME Roy Mason George L. Kilmer, Late U. S. V .
[9]
INTRODUCTION
SOLDIERS
AND CITIZENS
VETERANS AFTER ONE YEAR
SELF-RELIANCE, COURAGE AND DIGNITY ARE IMPRINTED ON THE FACES OF THESE "VETERANS" — MEN OF MCCLERNAND'S CORPS IN THEIR QUARTERS AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, AFTER THE COSTLY ATTEMPT ON VICKSBURG BY WAY OF CHICKASAW BLUFFS. YET THEY HAVE BEEN SOLDIERS HARDLY A YEAR — THE BOY ON THE RIGHT, SO SLIGHT AND YOUNG, MIGHT ALMOST BE MASQUERADING IN AN OFFICER'S UNIFORM. OF SUCH WERE THE SOL DIERS WHO EARLY IN THE WAR FOUGHT THE SOUTH IN THE FLUSH OF HER STRENGTH AND ENTHUSIASM
EDWIN M. STANTON Secretary of War.
MONTGOMERY BLAIR Postmaster-General .
GIDEON WELLES Secretary of the Navy.
SALMON P. CHASE Secretary of the Treasury.
HANNIBAL HAMLIN Vice-President.
MEMBERS OF
PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S
OFFICIAL FAMILY
Other members were: War, Simon Cameron (1861); Treasury, W. P. Fessenden, July 1, 1864, and Hugh McCulloch, March 4, 1865; Interior, John P. Usher, January 8, 1863; At torney-General, James Speed, Decem ber 2, 1864; Postmaster-General, William Dennison, September 24,1864.
WILLIAM H. SEWAKD Secretary of State.
CALEB B. SMITH Secretary of the Interior.
EDWARD BATES Attorney-General.
[12]
JAMES A. SEDDON Secretary of War.
CHRISTOPHER G. MEMMINGER Secretary of the Treasury.
STEPHEN R. MALLORY Secretary of the Navy.
JOHN H. RKAGAN Postmaster-General.
MEN WHO HELPED PRESI DENT DAVIS GUIDE THE SHIP OF STATE
The members of the Cabinet were chosen not from intimate friends of the President, but from the men pre ferred by the States they represented. There was no Secretary of the In terior in the Confederate Cabinet.
ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS Vice-President.
JUDAH P. BENJAMIN Secretary of State.
VICE-PRESIDENT STEPHENS AND MEMBERS OF THE CONFEDERATE CABINET
Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of State, has been called the brain of the Confederacy. President Davis wished to appoint the Honorable Robert Barnwell, Secretary of State, but Mr. Barnwell declined the honor.
GEORGE DAVIS Attorney-General.
AFTER THE GREAT MASS MEETING IN UNION SQUARE, NEW
Knots of citizens still linger around the stands where Anderson, who had abandoned Sumter only six ds before, had just roused the multitude to wild enthusiasm. Of this gathering in support of the Governme the New York Herald said at the time: "Such a mighty uprising of the people has never before been witness in New York, nor throughout the whole length and breadth of the Union. Five stands were erected, frc which some of the most able speakers of the city and state addressed the multitude on the necessity rallying around the flag of the Republic in this hour of its danger. A series of resolutions was proposed a unanimously adopted, pledging the meeting to use every means to preserve the Union intact and inviola Great unanimity prevailed throughout the whole proceedings; party politics were ignored, and the c tire meeting — speakers and listeners — were a unit in maintaining the national honor unsullied. Major And< son, the hero of Fort Sumter, was present, and showed himself at the various stands, at each of which he \\ most enthusiastically received. An impressive feature of the occasion was the flag of Sumter, hoisted < the stump of the staff that had been shot away, placed in the hand of the equestrian statue of Washington
[14]
RECRUITING ON BROADWAY, 1861
Looking north on Broadway from "The Park" (later City Hall Park) in war time, one sees the Stars and Stripes waving above the recruiting station, past which the soldiers stroll. There is a convenient booth with liquid refreshments. To the right of the picture the rear end of a street car is visible, but passenger travel on Broadway itself is by stage. On the left is the Astor House, then one of the foremost hostelries of the city. In the lower pho tograph the view is from the
balcony of the Metropolitan looking north on Broadway. The twin towers on the left are those of St. Thomas's Church. The lumbering stages, with the deafening noise of their rattling win dows as they drive over the cobblestones, are here in force. More hoop-skirts are retreating in the dis tance, and a gentleman in the tall hat of the period is on his way down town. Few of the buildings seen here remained half a cen tury later. The time is sum mer, as the awnings attest,
. f . ?'-^-l*,l*f>^
-= ^ ^ **-£ '^L. fci?: j; v f
• " -•«- 1^JsJBB@aK
^5t
v\
* ^
THE WAR'S GREAT "CITIZEN" AT HIS MOMENT OF TRIUMPH
Just behind the round table to the right, rising head and shoulders above the distinguished bystanders, grasping his manuscript in both hands, stands Abraham Lincoln. Of all the occasions on which he talked to his countrymen, this was most significant. The time and place marked the final and lasting approval of his political and military policies. Despite the bitter opposition of a majority of the Northern political and social leaders, the people of the Northern States had renominatcd Lincoln in June, 1864. In November, en couraged by the victories of Farragut at Mobile, Sherman in Georgia, and Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, they had reflected him President of the United States by an electoral vote of 212 to 21. Since the election, continued Northern victories had made certain the [1C]
. _
*>*>
* t •
MMN
HOT PUB. CO.
LINCOLN READING HIS SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS ON MARCH 4, 1865
speedy termination of the war. Not long since, his opponents had been so numerous and so powerful that they fully expected to prevent his renomination. Lincoln himself, shortly after his renomination, had come to believe that reelection was improbable, and had ex pressed himself as ready "to cooperate with the President-elect to save the Union." Yet neither in Lincoln's demeanor nor in his inaugural address is there the slighest note of personal exultation. For political and military enemies alike he has " malice toward none; charity for all." Indeed the dominant feeling in his speech is one of sorrow and sympathy for the cruel sufferings of both North and South. Not only in the United States, but throughout the civilized world, the address made a profound and immediate impression.
>m"m1 ;3^%CE
INTRODUCTION
SOLDIERS AND CITIZENS
RAXT at Appomattox — Lee at Gettysburg — those are the men for me!" Thus exclaimed a long-time writer on military matters, after the contemplation of certain portraits that follow these pages. His criticism halted before the colossal moral qualities of the two war leaders — the generosity that con sidered the feelings of the conquered general as well as the private soldiers' need of horses " for the spring plowing " —the nobility that, after Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, promptly shouldered all the responsibility.
Those heights of character, as chronicled in the pages that follow and in other volumes of this History, are heroic, uni versal. They surpass the bounds of any period or nation ; they link America with the greatness of the ages. If they, together with the sacrifice and fortitude of thousands more among the " Armies and Leaders," are made to live more vividly for those who study the narrative and portraits of this volume, and the nine volumes preceding it, their publication will indeed have been justified.
The personal inspiration of the war pictures centers, natu rally, in the portraits and groups. Several hundred of them are presented in the pages following. Study of them soon re veals a difference between soldier and non-combatant, as ex pressed in bearing and cast of countenance. It is astonish ing how accurately, after examining a number of the \var photographs of every description, one may distinguish in
[18]
FROM THE ARMY
TO THE WHITE HOUSE
War-time portraits of six soldiers whose military records assisted them to the Pres idential Chair.
Garfield in '63— (left to right) Thomas, Wiles, Tyler, Simmons, Drillard, Ducat, Barnett, Goddard, Rosccrans, Garfield, Porter, Bond, Thompson, Sheridan.
Brig.-Gen. Andrew, Johnson President, 1865-69.
General Ulysses S. Grant President, 1869-77.
Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rutherford B. Hayes President, 1877-81.
Maj.-Gen. James A. Garfield President, March to September, 1881.
Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin Harrison President, 1889-93.
Brevet Major William McKinley President, 1897-1901.
[D-2]
many cases between fighters and non-combatants. This is true, even when the latter are represented in full army over coats, with swords and the like, as wras customary to some extent with postmasters, quartermasters, commissariat and hospital attendants.
The features are distinctive of the men who have stood up under fire, and undergone the even severer ordeal of submis sion to a will working for the common good, involving the sacri fice of personal independence. Their dignity and quiet self- confidence are obscured neither by the extreme growth of facial hair fashionable in the sixties, nor by the stains of marching and camping. Where the photograph " caught " the real sol diers under any circumstances of dress or undress, health or disease, camp-ease, or wounds that had laid the subjects low, the stamp of discipline stands revealed.
The young officers' portraits afford particularly interest ing study. The habit of quick decision, the weighing of re sponsibilities involving thousands of human lives which has become a daily matter, like the morning and evening train- catching of the modern business commuter — these swift and tremendous affairs are borne with surprising calmness upon the young shoulders.
To represent in some coherent form the men of Civil War time, this volume has been set aside. It becomes highly desir able to the fundamental plan of this history.
The first three volumes, devoted to narrative in the largest sense, and to scenes, could present portraits only of officers and men connected with particular operations. Each of the next six volumes, occupied as it is with a special phase of war-time activity — cavalry, artillery, prisons and hospitals, or the like
[20]
Brevet Lieut. -Colonel Harrison Gray Otis
Twice Wounded; Brig.-Gen. in Spanish
War, Maj.-Gen. in Philippines.
Brevet Major George Haven Putnam,
I7(ith New York, Prisoner at
Libhy and Danville in the
Winter of 1804-63.
REPRESENTATIVE CIVIL WAR
OFFICERS— S UCCESSFUL
ALSO IN LATER LIFE
George Haven Putnam, publisher and author, led in the move for inter national copyright. Harrison Gray Otis served as an editor in California more than 30 years, and fought again in the Spanish War. Henry Walter- son, as editor of the Louisville Courier- Journal, did much to reconcile North
Andrew Carnegie Superintended Mili tary Railways and Government Telegraph Lines in 1861.
Chief of Scouts Henry Watterson, C. S. A.,
Aide-de-Camp to General Forrest,
Chief of Scouts under General
Jcs. E. Johnston.
and South. Andrew Carnegie's mil lions, made from iron and steel, went largely to philanthropy and the ad vancement of peace. Nathan B. For rest, the daring Confederate cavalry man, later developed two vast planta tions. Thomas T. Eckert became President of the Western Union Tele graph Company. Grenville M. Dodge, Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific, built thousands of miles of railroads, opening up the Western empire.
Lieut.-General Nathan B. Forrest, C. S. A.
Entered as Private; Lieut.-Col.,
1861, Maj.-Gen., 1864.
Brevet Brig.-General Thomas T. Eckert,
Superintendent of Military Telegraph;
Asst. Sec. of War, 1864-66.
Maj. -General Grenville M. Dodge, Wounded
Before Atlanta; Succeeded Rosecrans
in the Department of Missouri.
—naturally emphasizes, in its personal mentions and por trayals, the men of the respective specialties.
The editors, therefore, determined to devote an entire vol ume to the consideration of the personnel of the Union and Confederate armies. But in this field, vaster than most of the present generation have imagined, even a book as extensive as a volume of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY can he no more than suggestive.
Consider the typical fighting man on the Union side alone —the brevet brigadier-general, or the colonel, often deserving of promotion to that rank. When it is reflected that the rank of brevet brigadier-general was conferred upon eleven hundred and seventy Federal officers who never attained the full rank, and that the colonels who displayed conspicuous gallantry num bered as many, perhaps twice as many, more, it is evident that the editors of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY, in presenting por traits of more than three hundred of the generals, by brevet, have made this feature of the wrork as comprehensive as possi ble. To exhaust the list of such officers would require a sepa rate volume.
Consistency, likewise, would demand at least another vol ume for colonels. But who would undertake to decide what particular thousand among the upward of ten thousand claim ants among this rank should have a place in the gallery of fame ? And if gallant colonels, why not the equally gallant lieutenant- colonels, majors, and captains, who at times commanded regi ments ?
That there are limitations is evident. The nature of the work decides its scope to a large degree. The war-time camera has been the arbiter. Here and there it caught the colonel as
[22]
Brevet Brigadier-General Stewart L. Woodford, Lieut.-Gov. of New York, 1860-68; President, Electoral College, 1872; M. C., 1873-75; U. S. Dist. Atty., 1877-83; U. S. Minister to Spain, 1870-98.
Brevet Brigadier-General James Grant Wilson, Author of Addresses on Lincoln, Grant, Hull, Farragut, etc.; President New York Gen. and Biog. Soc. and of Am. Ethnological Society.
Brevet Major-Goneral William B. Hazen, Chief Signal Officer, Raised 41st Ohio Yolunteers; Marched with Sherman to the Sea; Com manded 15th Army Corps; U. S Military Attache to France.
WAR-TIME PORTRAITS OF
TYPICAL SOLDIERS WHO
TURNED TO PUBLIC LIFE
AND EDUCATION
Notable as lawyers, writers and statesmen are General Carl Schurz (on the left), who became Minister to Spain, Secretary of the Interior, and editor of the New York Evening Post ; and General Lewis Wallace (to the right), Governor of New Mexico, Minister to Turkey, and author of "Ben Hur" and other historical novels.
Colonel George E. Waring, Jr., Led a Brigade of Cavalry; Reorganized Street Cleaning System of New York City; Died in Havana, Cuba, Fighting Yel low Fever.
Brevet Brigadier - General Francis W. Palfrey, Register in Bankruptcy in 1872; Au thor of "Antietamand Fred- ericksburg" in 1882; Author of Many Scholarly and Im portant Papers.
Lieutenant E. Benjamin An drews: Wounded at Peters burg, 1864; Professor of History and Political Econ omy, Brown University, 1882-88; President thereof, 1889-08.
Brevet Brigadier-General Francis A. Walker, Superintendent Ninth and Tenth Censuses; Commissioner of In dian Affairs in 1872; President Mass. Inst. of Technology, 1881.
»^
well as the general, the captain as well as the colonel, and the private as well as the captain. On the whole, its work was well balanced, marvelously so, and the results are before the readers of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY.
If so slight a proportion can be shown of the men dis tinguished for their fighting, it obviously becomes impossible, even should the ten volumes consist of portraits alone, to represent adequately the soldiers whose fame has come since 1865.
Merely to suggest the function of the Civil War as a school of citizenship, portraits are presented with this introduction of six soldiers who became President; of a group like Grenville M. Dodge, Harrison Gray Otis, and Thomas T. Eckert, who helped to develop American material resources; together with several, such as Henry Watterson, Carl Schurz, George E. Waring, Jr., and Francis A. Walker, whose influence has put much of our journalism and public life on a higher plane.
As these lines are penned, no less than four Civil War sol diers — two Union, two Confederate — are serving as members of the highest American tribunal — the Supreme Court: — Chief Justice White and Justice lAirton (Confederate) ; Justices ITarlan and Holmes (Union). Ex-Confederates again have been found in the cabinets of both Republican and Democratic Presidents, as well as in the National Congress.
Hut immense indeed would be the literary enterprise un dertaking to cover all the results in American civic life of Civil War training. There have been State governors by the hun dreds who could look back upon service with the armies. There have been members of legislatures by the tens of thou-
[24]
WAR-TIME POR TRAITS OF FEDERAL SOLDIERS WHO CON TRIBUTED TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY HALF A CENTURY LATER
Captain A. W. Grccly, 1863; Later Maj.-
Gen., U. S. A.; Chief Signal Service
(" Signals "; "Telegraph ") .
Private Geo. L. Kilmer in 'G-t, Wearing
the "Veteran Stripe" at 18
(Military Editor).
Private J. K. Gilman, Lost an Arm at Gettys burg; Commander-in-ChiefG.A.R. 1910-11
("Grand Army of the Republic").
r~
Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F. Roden- bough, U. S. A., in 1865; Wounded at Trevilian and Winchester; Later Sec retary U. S. Military Service Institution ("Cavalry" Editor).
Capt. F. Y. Hedley in '64, Age 20; Later Editor
and Author of " Marching Through Georgia"
("School of the Soldier," "Marching
and Foraging").
Col. \V. C. Church; Later Edi- T. S. C. Lowe, Military Bal- Capt. T.S. Peck; Medal of Hon- Col. L. R. Stegman, Wounded
tor of the Army and Navy loonist in the Peninsula Cam- or in 1864; Later Adj. -Gen. at Cedar Creek, Gettysburg,
Journal and Author of Life of paign, 1862 — the First \Var of Vermont (Contributor of Ringgold and Pine Moun-
Ulysses S. Grant ("Grant"). Aeronaut ("Balloons"). many rare photographs). tain (Consulting Editor).
+
+ +
sands. And the private soldiers — hundreds of thousands of them, mere boys when they enlisted to fight through the four years, expanded into important citizens of their communities, as a direct result of their service in the Blue and the Gray.
The youths of eighteen or nineteen., who rushed to the defense of their flag in 1861, lacked, as most boys do, some notable phenomenon, blow, catastrophe to fire their imagina tions and give them confidence in themselves. Without such inspiration their highest destiny would have fallen far short of fulfilment.
But those same youths who survived to the summer of 1865 — how differently they stood! — erect, with arms well hung, with quiet dignity, with the self-assurance learned from years of quick decision arid unhesitating following of duty through danger.
If, for instance, one should study the careers of those countless thousands of fearless sheriffs who have kept order in communities throughout the country, after service under the Stars and Stripes or the Stars and Bars, it would become over whelmingly apparent that without such training in resolution and resourcefulness, most of the men who were young in 1861 could possibly have become village constables — no more.
The leading biographies in this volume have naturally been left free from the editorial scrutiny that has aimed to render the test throughout the largest part of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HIS TORY as detached and impersonal as possible. The value, for instance, of the chapter on Grant, by Colonel W. C. Church, lies not only in the trained military criticism of technical opera tions by the veteran editor of the Army and Navy Journal, but also in the author's personal acquaintance with the Union
[26]
WAR-TIME
PHOTOGRAPHS OF CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC
HISTORY
Col. Hilary A. Herbert; Later Member
of Congress and Secretary of the
Navy ("The Meaning of
Losses in Battle").
Lieut.-Col. J. W. Mallet; Later Professor
of Chemistry, University of Virginia
(" Confederate Ordnance").
Private John A. Wyeth in '61, at 16; Later Organizer of the New York "Polyclinic" ("Con federate Raids").
Lieut, R. H. McKim in '62; Later Rector
Church of the Epiphany, Washington,
and Military and Religious Writer
("The Confederate Army").
Captain F. M. Colston, Artillery Officer
with Alexander ("Memoirs of
Gettysburg" and Many
Rare Photographs).
Allen C. Redwood, of the 55th Virginia,
with "Stonewall" Jackson; Later
Artist and Author (Confederate
Reminiscences ; "Jackson").
Brig -Gen M J Wright; Col. D. G. Mclntosh; Col. T. M. R. Talcott; S. A. Cunningham; Deermg J.Roberts, Sur-
Later U. S. War Dept. Later Attorney-at- Later Civil Engineer Later Editor Confed- geon ; Later
Agent ("Records of Law ("Artillery ("Reminiscences of erate Veteran ("L m-
theWar"and of the Confed- the Confederate ted Confederate
Statistics). eracy"). Engineers"). Veterans").
Southern Practitioner (" Confederate Med ical Service").
U A
commander, extending through many years, and the graphic and sure touch conveyable only by such personal intimacy.
Nor was it to be expected or desired that Professor Wil liam P. Trent, a writer and scholar Southern born, should fail to emphasize the lofty personal traits of his hero, Lee; or that Mr. Allen C. Redwood, whose rare privilege it was to " fight with ' Stonewall,' " should not portray his honest and frank admiration for the most surprising military genius developed by the Civil War.
Particularly gratifying to the humanist is the sketch of Sher man, written from the standpoint of the most sympathetic dis crimination by a Southern historical student — Professor Walter L. Fleming, of the Louisiana State University.
Two groups of portraits accompanying this introduction show veterans of the Union and Confederacy who, by great for tune, are numbered among those few spared in life, health, and activity of pen throughout the half -century since 1861 ; and who have contributed largely the materials of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTOKY. Without the note of actuality and reminiscence that runs through the chapters from their pens, this work, despite its conception of guiding impersonality, would have lacked many of its most faithful and permanently valuable sections. To those veteran contributors, for their many courtesies and special labors in realizing the purpose of this History, it is a pleasure here to express the warmest appreciation.
ROBERT S. LANIER,
GRANT
DURING THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN, 1864
WHEN GRANT LOST AN ARMY BUT SAVED A NATION
GRANT ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN— 1863
Wearing epaulets and a sword— quite unusual for him— but calm and imperturbable as of old, with his crumpled army hat, plain blouse, his trousers tucked into his boot-tops, and the inevitable cigar, Ulysses S. Grant stands at a historic spot. Less than a week before, when the Union soldiers under Thomas, still smarting from their experience at Chickamauga, stood gazing at the Confederate works behind which rose the crest of Missionary Ridge, the Stars and Stripes were thrown to the breeze on the crest of Lookout Mountain. Eager hands pointed, and a great cheer went up from the Army of the Cumberland. They knew that the Union troops with Hooker had carried the day in their "battle above the clouds." That was the 25th of November, 1863; and that same afternoon the soldiers [30]
AT THE SPOT WHERE HOOKER SIGNALED VICTORY THE WEEK BEFORE
of Thomas swarmed over the crest of Missionary Ridge while Grant himself looked on and wondered. When a few days later Grant visited the spot whence the flag was waved, an enterprising photographer, already on the spot, preserved the striking scene. Seated with his back against a tree, General J. A. Rawlins gazes at his leader. Behind him stands General Webster, and leaning against the tree in Colonel Clark B. Lagow. The figure in the right foreground is Colonel William S. Hillyer. Seated by the path is an orderly. They have evidently come to survey the site of Hooker's battle from above. Colonel Lagow is carrying a pair of field glasses. Less* than four months later Grant was commissioned lieutenant-general and placed in general command of the Union armies.
ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT
BY WILLIAM CONAXT CHURCH
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, United Slates Volunteers
man of all men who knew General Grant best, his JL friend and chief ally, General W. T. Sherman, declared that Grant more nearly than any other man impersonated the American character of 1801-65, and was the typical hero of our great Civil War.
It is an anomaly of history that a man so distinguished in war should he so unwarlike in personal characteristics as was Ulysses Simpson Grant, and so singularly free from the ambi tions supposed to dominate the soldier. lie sickened at the sight of blood, was so averse to inflicting pain that, as a lad, he never enjoyed the boyish sport of killing small animals, and at no time in his life was he fond of hunting. Indeed, no more gentle-hearted and kindly man is known to American history, not excepting Abraham Lincoln.
Numerous circumstances in the life of Grant illustrate his consideration for others. At Vicksburg, Mississippi, where over thirty thousand Confederates surrendered to him, July 4, 1863, he directed his exulting troops " to be orderly and quiet as the paroled prisoners passed " and to make no offensive remarks. The only cheers heard there were for the defenders of Vicksburg, and the music sounded was the tune of " Old Hundred," in which victor and vanquished could join. The surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, April 9, 1865, was char acterized by almost feminine tenderness and tact, and a sym pathetic courtesy toward the conquered so marked that an observer was moved to ask, " Who's surrendering here, any way? "
A simple-hearted country lad disposed to bucolic life, so
GRANT IN 1863— BEFORE THE FIRST OF HIS GREAT VICTORIES
Grant was described in 1861 as a man "who knows how to do things." In February, 1862, he captured Forts Henry and Donelson, thus opening the way for a Federal advance up the Tennessee River, and was promptly commissioned major-general. His experience at Shiloh in April, coupled with failures in official routine during the Donelson campaign which were not approved by his superiors, left him under a cloud which was not removed until the capture of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, revealed capacity of a high order. The govern ment's plan of conducting the war was then entrusted to him to work out with practically unlimited power.
nnpi
unbelligerent that he never had even a " spat " at West Point, displaying no martial qualities except, perhaps, in his love of horses and in their fearless handling, there was in him no suggestion of the vocation of the soldier. He entered the Mil itary Academy simply because his father desired that he should do so, and while there he secretly rejoiced because of the re port that Congress was proposing to abolish the academy. The thought of the girl he left behind was constantly with him during his cadet course, though this youthful romance ended in the disillusion which often attends such experiences.
And it was this man, whose personal characteristics were all so unlike those distinguishing the remorseless conqueror, " slaughtering men for glory's sake," who was selected from among the heroes of our great domestic strife for the appella tion of " butcher." No one of them less deserved this title, for none of them accomplished as great results with a less pro portionate loss of life. The repulse of Lee at Gettysburg, in 1863, was obtained at a cost of 23,000 casualties — 3155 killed, 14,529 wounded, 5365 missing — and at the end Lee marched with his army from the field of battle. The more complete victory at Vicksburg, with the surrender of Pemberton's entire army of 30,000 men, was obtained by Grant with a casualty list of only 9362, including about 450 missing.
Heavy as were the losses during the year which preceded the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, they were less than the aggregate loss, including " missing," of previous commanders of the Army of the Potomac in unsuccessful at tempts to accomplish the same result in the same field. Grant's total of killed and wounded was 19,597 less than the average number killed and injured annually by the railroads of the United States during the four years ending 1910.
Those who " control the destiny of to-morrow " are those who are the most apt in learning that, in great matters, it is
[34]
BEFORE VICKSBURG
The close-set mouth, squared shoulders and lower ing brow in this photograph of Grant, taken in December, 1862, tell the story of the intensity of his purpose while he was advancing upon Vicks- burg — only to be foiled by Van Dorn's raid on his line of communications at Holly Springs. His grim expression and determined jaw betokened no respite for the Confederates, however. Six months later he marched into the coveted stronghold. This photograph was taken by James Mullen at Oxford, Mississippi, in December, 1862, just be fore Van Dorn's raid balked the general's plans.
AFTER VICKSBURG
This photograph was taken in the fall of 1863, after the capture of the Confederacy's Gibraltar had raised Grant to secure and everlasting fame. His attitude is relaxed and his eyebrows no longer mark a straight line across the grim visage. The right brow is slightly arched with an almost jovial expression. But the jaw is no less vigorous and determined, and the steadfast eyes seem to be peering into that future which holds more vic tories. He still has Chattanooga and his great campaigns in the East to fight and the final mag nificent struggle in the trenches at Petersburg.
* *
necessary to disregard personal considerations and to keep the mind open to the suggestions from within; who are not blinded by what has been well described as " the pride of self -derived intelligence." Grant succeeded because his specially trained faculties and especially adapted experiences were obedient to larger suggestions than those of personal ambition and self- glorification. This explains Grant, as it explains Lincoln and Washington.
" Sam " Grant, as his colleagues at the Military Academy were accustomed to call him, because of the " U. S.," Uncle Sam, in his name; " ' Sam ' Grant," as one of those same col leagues once said, " was as honest a man as God ever made." Honest, not merely in a pecuniary sense but in all of his men tal processes, and in this simple honesty of his nature we find the explanation not only of his greatness but of the errors into which lie fell in the attempt to deal with the subtleties of human selfishness and intrigue.
It was characteristic of Grant's mental processes that he always thought on straight lines, and his action was equally direct and positive. He was not so much concerned with the subtleties of strategy as with a study of the most direct road to the opponent's center. One of the chief perplexities on the field of battle is " the fog of war," the difficulty of divining the movements of the foe, by which your own are to be determined. Grant was less confused by this than most commanders, keep ing his adversary so occupied with his own aggressive move ments that he had little opportunity to study combinations against him. He was fertile in expedients; his mind was al ways open to the suggestions of opportunity, and it was his habit to postpone decision until the necessity for decision arose.
Grant recognized earlier than others the fact that, if his own troops were lacking in the military knowledge and train ing required to make them a facile instrument in his hands, his antagonists were no better equipped in this respect. He saw that the best training for the high-spirited and independent
[36]
|
r |
iommoxu4 |
||
|
//-?\ \ — |
m * |7~Z — — • |
s ^ |
|
|
. 1 I |
r |
N. |
|
|
) |
|||
On this page are three photographs of General Grant, taken in the most critical year of his career, the year when he took Vicksburg in July, then in November gazed in wonder at his own sol diers as they swarmed up the heights of Mission ary Ridge. The following March he was made gen- eral-in-chief of the armies of the United States. Congress passed a vote of thanks to General Grant and his army, and ordered a gold medal to be struck in his honor. But as we see him here, none of these honors had come to him; and the deeds themselves
only 'irt process of ac complishment. Even Sher man, the staunch friend and supporter of Grant, had doubts which were only dispelled by the mas ter stroke at Vicksburg, as to the outcome of Grant's extraordinary methods and plans. He was him self conscious of the heavy responsibility rest ing upon him and of the fact that he stood on trial before the country. Other faithful generals had been condemned at the bar of public opinion before their projects ma tured. The eyes in these portraits are stern, and the expressions intense.
GRANT IN 1863
PORTRAITS OF 1863— SHOWING GRANT IN REPOSE
volunteers he commanded was that of the battlefield. If action involved risk, inaction was certain to produce discon tent and even demoralization, while the fatalities of the camp were those chiefly to be dreaded, for microbes were more deadly than bullets. His early successes were due to the application of his methods to conditions as he found them, without waiting for their improvement. When he met the battalions of Lee, then trained and seasoned by three years of war, the struggle was protracted, but in the end he triumphed through his policy of vigorous and persistent attack, bringing a contest which had then extended over three years of inconclusive fighting to a final conclusion in one year.
General Grant was born, April 27, 1822, in a little one- story cottage on the banks of the Ohio River, at Point Pleas ant, Clermont County, Ohio. His grandfather, Captain Noah Grant, was a Connecticut soldier of the army of the Revolu tion who, in 1800, settled on the Connecticut Reservation of Ohio. His mother, Hannah Simpson, wras of a sterling Amer ican family of pioneers, noted for integrity, truthfulness, and sturdy independence of character. She was a noble woman of strong character, and it was from her that the son inherited his remarkable capacity for reticence, tempered in him by an oc casional relapse into the garrulity of his father. If he was in capable of indirection in thought or speech, he could be silent when speech might betray what he did not wish to have known.
Among his friends, when occasion served, he was a fluent and interesting talker. He never gossiped, never used profane or vulgar language, was charitable and generous to a fault, and considerate in his treatment of all. He was good-natured and fond of his joke. Uncomplaining self-control was char acteristic of both mother and son, as was also equability of temper and " saving common sense."
To estimate Grant correctly, it is necessary to consider him apart from the personal influences by which he was swayed,
[38]
|
1 |
' |
||
|
igi |
p ife |
I j |
|
|
f ) f I f > 3 J \ I 1 1 I 1 j L |
W |
f |
w / |
|
\ |
O u |
// ^_J |
|
|
C ) |
m~
IN THE AUTUMN OF 1863— GRANT'S CHANGING EXPRESSIONS
Although secure in his fame as the conqueror of Vicksburg, Grant still has the greater part of his destiny to fulfil as he faces the camera. Before him lie the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and the slow investment of Petersburg. This series forms a particularly interesting study in expression. At the left hand, the face looks almost amused. In the next the ex pression is graver, the mouth close set. The third picture locks plainly obstinate, and in the last the stern fighter might have been declaring, as in the following spring: "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." The eyes, first unveiled fully in this fourth view, are the unmistakable index to Grant's stern inflexibility, once his decision was made.
IN THE AUTUMN OF 1864— AFTER THE STRAIN OF THE WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN Here is a furrowed brow above eyes worn by pain. In the pictures of the previous year the forehead is more smooth, the expression grave yet confident. Here the expression is that of a man who has won, but won at a bitter cost. It is the memory of the 50,000 men whom lie left in the Wilderness campaign and at Cold Harbor that has lined this brow, and closed still tighter this inflexible mouth. Again, as in the series above, the eyes are not revealed until the last picture. Then again flashes the determination of a hero. The great general's biographers say that Grant was a man of sympathy and infinite pity. It was the more difficult for him, spurred on to the duty by grim necessity, to order forward the lines in blue that withered, again and again, before the Confederate fire, but each time weakened the attenuated line which confronted them.
for he was a man of unusual domesticity, and tenacity of friend ship not always distinguished by perspicacity in discerning character.
To the sincere but unobtrusive piety of his mother, Grant owed a reverence for religion which he displayed throughout life and which supported him during that last desperate strug gle with death, ending at Mount MacGregor, New York, on July 23, 1885. His belief in the invisible powers was the hid den current of the great soldier's life. It explains alike his calmness in victory and his unfaltering courage in defeat. There was no shock of battle so fierce, no episode of the com bat so exciting that could disturb his impassible demeanor. " I have had many hard experiences in my life," he once said to the writer, when chatting in front of his camp-fire at Peters burg, " but I never saw the moment when I was not confident that I should win in the end."
If he was not blinded by a sense of his individual im portance, there was no lack of self-confidence in Grant. He had a just estimate of his own abilities and a correct under standing, as a soldier, of the work for which his abilities and experiences had fitted him. If he did not possess what is usu ally regarded as the temperament of the soldier, there was no lack of the training or experience of the soldier. If not a brilliant student, according to the standards of West Point, he made a faithful use of the opportunity which that institu tion gave him for a military training. In his class-standing he held a middle place with others of the graduates most dis tinguished in our Civil War; a relatively higher place than Jefferson Davis, James Longstreet, William J. Hardee, and others of the South; and than Sheridan, Hooker, Buell, and other leaders of the Northern armies.
No soldier of like rank was more distinguished in the war with Mexico than Grant, then a lieutenant. It is no small achievement for a subaltern to be brought into the lime-light
[40]
¥
B .H
tH «
1|
d JA
D i)
05 OJ
oo £
D ?
</> ^3 3 a;
i -s J s
J2 O
JB i* ~
T?n 5 •—
g
-H | 1
I i 1
n whi
f « --.
4) "^ CS
^ § I
a § -g
C1 4; ^_j
a
-2 .2
c3 c3
s S
'S a
c3 H
i> JH
"& P
x d
*J 4J
S O
93 2 r
Ja S .S
c« « tn
o ^ 8 111
»! « H
U .4 X •-
S ^ i "5.
— i ss r*i
"s^^ -
of publicity, as Grant was by mention in general orders com mending him for acts of special distinction in battle, showing both intelligence and daring.
Meeting General Grant not long after his return to mil itary life, Henry Villard reported that " there was certainly nothing in his outward appearance or in his personal ways or conversation to indicate the great military qualities he pos sessed. Firmness seemed to me about the only characteristic expressed in his features. Otherwise, he was a very plain, un pretentious, unimposing person, easily approached, reticent as a rule, and yet showing at times a fondness for a chat about all sorts of things. This ordinary exterior, however, made it as difficult for me, as in the case of Abraham Lincoln, to persuade myself that he was destined to be one of the greatest arbiters of human fortunes." Yet Fremont, who saw him at this time, discovered in him " the soldierly qualities of self -poise, mod esty, decision, attention to detail."
Grant had never been brought into contact with men of public reputation and had no influential friends to push his fortunes when the Civil War opened to him an opportunity. His skill as a drill-master was discovered by accident, and this secured an opportunity for him to go to the Illinois capital with the Galena company he had been drilling. He attracted the attention of Governor Yates and was given a clerical posi tion in the adjutant-general's office in filling out army forms. When his appointment as colonel to an unruly volunteer regi ment followed, he at once gave proof of the education he had acquired at West Point and his experience of fifteen years' service in the regular army.
In executing his first orders to take the field, he astonished his superiors by marching his regiment across country instead of moving it comfortably by rail. And wrhen the laggards of the regiment were compelled to march in their stocking feet
[42]
GRANT— ON HIS FIRST TRIP NORTH
The war is over. Grant has received in a magnanimous spirit, rarely paralleled in history, the surrender of Lee. Here he appears in Philadelphia on his first trip North after the war. His bearing is that of a man relieved of a vast responsibility, but with the marks of it still upon him. He is thinner than the full-chested soldier in the photograph taken in 1863, after the fall of Vicksburg. His dress is careless, as always, but shows more attention than when he was in the field. He looks out of the picture with the unflinching eyes that had been able to penetrate the future and see the wisdom of the plan that proved the final undoing of the Confederacy.
at the hour designated, they learned that " 6 A.M. " with their new colonel meant six o'clock in the morning. Another revel ation came when they first faced him on parade, and their vociferous demands for a speech were met by the terse reply, " Men, go to your quarters." Thus, in various ways, they learned from day to day that they were in the hands of a man who understood the trade of war.
It was precisely because he was a master-workman at his trade that Grant was able to make his personal qualities effect ive \vhen opportunity was given him. He was limited by the imperfections of the instruments he had at hand and was sub jected to criticism accordingly, as at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, where his failure to protect his camp is explained by a fear lest a display of apprehension might demoralize troops misled by the ignorant cry of " spades to the rear," which then filled the air. They would have regarded defensive measures as an evi dence of weakness and cowardice, and confidence is an essential factor in the management of raw troops, of which both the armies were then composed. They had at that time advanced but one stage beyond the condition of an armed mob, only partially responsive to the skilled handling of the educated and trained soldier.
Previous to the battle of Pittsburg Landing, as Shiloh is also called, Grant had given proof of his energy and his promptness in taking the initiative in the occupation of Padu- cah, Kentucky, September 6, 1861; in the comparatively tri fling affair at Belmont, Missouri, November 7, 1861; and in his important success in the capture of Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, Tennessee, in February, 1862, where he had the efficient assistance of the gunboats, under Flag-Officer Foote. These successes increased his confidence in himself, as back came the echo of exultant popular approval when the country saw how capable this man was of accomplishing great results with troops lacking in arms, equipment, transpor tation, and supplies, as well as in organization, but who
[44]
GRANT IN 1865— THE ZENITH OF HIS CAREER
Behind Grant in 1865 lay all his victories on the field of battle; before him the highest gift within the power of the American people— the presidency. He says in his memoirs that after Vicksburg he had a presentment that he was to brirg the war to a successful end and become the head of the nation. Grant's sturdy, persistent Scottish ancestry stood him in good stead. He was a descendant of Matthew Grant, one of the settlers of Windsor, Connecticut, in 1635, and a man of much importance in the infant colony. His Ameri can ancestors were fighting stock. His great-grandfather, Noah Grant, held a military commission in the French and Indian War, and his grandfather, also named Noah, fought in the Revolution. Henry Ward Beecher summed up the causes of Grant's meteoric rise from store clerk in 1861, to president in 1869, as follows: " Grant was available and lucky." His dominant trait was determination.
|
:£<x ci '? ^ |§5 |
i% |
|
r ^ |
comprehended the significance of his foe's weakness in the same respects.
Grant had learned that if he did not run away his
antagonists were likelv to do so, and lie had ascertained the
O »
potency of the formulas with which his name was associated: " No terms except unconditional anil immediate surrender/' and " 1 propose to move immediately upon your works." This met the temper of the time, impatient of strategy and paper plans and demanding tangible results.
The circumstances which led to Grant's resignation from the army. July 31, 1834, however they might have been ex plained by those who knew him l>est, had created a distrust of him in the minds of his military superiors, Ilalleck and McClellan, so that he was left wholly dependent upon works accomplished for his recognition by the North and at Wash ington. He neither sought nor obtained favor from his su periors; he made no complaint of insufficient support, as so many did, but doggedly pursued a consistent course of doing the best he 1*011 Id with what the War Department placed at his disposal, learning from his successes and profiting by his mis takes as well as by those of the foe.
There was one who was superior to this professional dis trust of Grant, and that was Abraham Lincoln. lie had found a man who could accomplish, and the fortune of that man was thenceforth secure in the hands of the chief executive. After Sliiloh, Grant fully realized that the country had entered upon a long and desperate struggle, and he shaped his course ac cordingly. He drew the line of distinction between friend and foe more sharply, and, where he found it necessary, directed his warfare against the property as well as the persons of those in arms against him, and their abettors. Thus he passed an- otlier landmark in his progress to final success.
Another essential lesson was to be learned. That came when a colonel, December 20. 18(52, surrendered his depot of
|
i?(t;t!| <?Vv^3 ^w-^ >!-— ^VS /v"*"?^ nn |
|
|
n |
a |
(,K\\T IN ( I!AK\< TMIUSTK |«osi-:. WITH HIS STAI-T IN
Tin- indifferent attitude of the tfeneral-in-chicf is most characteristic, (irant had l-« /nn the invefftment of IVtrn»l»urj! when this photograph was taken. . \roinnl him an* tin- men who had followinl him faithfully through th« faith-shaking ••aiiipaifnis of tin- WilclrrnPMt. H«- n«gvi*r mad'' known his plans for Ml advance to anyone. Iml his c-alm <-..iifi<i«-n<-< cotniniinicalcd it -« If to all who listened to him. In the most i ritiral moments he manifest (M{ no |* r.-. pi il.lr anxiety, luit piiv«- his order* with rooliu**«t and deliberation. At the left of the photograph «-i(s (,« m r.il John A. Kawlins. who has f(.n--u..ni his etistotnary mnstarhe and In'anl whi«-h the ne\t pietnre shows liim as wearing. He was fir»t ai«|e-<|e-eamp to (irant. then assintant adjutant-general and ehief of st.'»(T. Behind Grant, who stands in the center with one hand thrust rarelewily into his pocket, sits Lieutenant Kntlerirk (irant. later major-general in the lriite<l Slate's Army. In front of (irant stands Colonel M H. Uyan. and on the extreme ri^ht sits Colonel Kly S. l'ark«-r. military M-orvlary, who wiu* a fnll- M.HMl.-d Indian, a ^randnephew of the famous Ued Jacket, and chief of the triltes known a* the Six Nation*.
supplies at Holly Springs and compelled General Grant to sub sist his army of thirty thousand men upon the country for two weeks, his communications with his rear being severed at the same time by Forrest's enterprising Confederate cavalry. Grant was preparing to move against Vicksburg at the time, and the surrender of that place, July 4, 1863, followed a march overland to its rear from Bruinsburg, April 30, 1863, without supplies for his troops, other than those obtained from the country as he advanced, Grant carrying no personal bag gage himself but a toothbrush. Sherman, wyho protested most vigorously against this hazardous movement, nevertheless later on applied the lesson it taught him when on his march to the sea, in 1864, he broke through the hollow shell of the Confed eracy and closed it in from the south, while Grant advanced from the north, and crushed the armies of Lee and Johnston.
The surrender of the Southern armies in April and May, 1865, put an end to military activities, to be succeeded by the contests in the forum of political discussion ; the death of Lincoln and the succession of Johnson following so immediately upon the surrender of Lee threw the whole question of the readjust ment of political relations between the North and the South into chaos. In spite of his desire and his effort to keep within the limitations of his military function, General Grant found him self involved in the embittered contests of the reconstruction period, with which he was not fitted to deal either by tempera ment or training.
The politicians and the political activities of the North had, during the four years of war, been a constant source of embarrassment to our soldiers striving to conduct war with sole reference to success in the field. This had intensified the soldier's natural distrust of politicians and political methods, arid Grant had never learned the art of which Lincoln was the supreme master — that of utilizing the selfish ambitions of men to accomplish great patriotic and public purposes.
[48]
1. COLONEL HORACE PORTER
3. COLONEL
T. S. BOWERS
5. GENERAL JOHN G. BARNARD
7. GENERAL U. S. GRANT
9. GENERAL
SETH WILLIAMS
11. COLONEL
ADAM BADEAU
8. GENERAL
M. R. PATRICK
10. GENERAL RUFUS INGALLS
12. COLONEL
E. S. PARKER
MEN ABOUT TO WITNESS APPOMATTOX
No photographer was present at Appomattox, that supreme mo ment in our national history, when Americans met for the last time as foes on the field. Noth ing but fanciful sketches exist of the scene inside the McLean home. But here is a photograph that shows most of the Union officers present at the conference. Nine of the twelve men standing above stood also at the signing of Lee's surrender, a few days later. The scene is City Point, in March, 1865. Grant is sur rounded by a group of the officers who had served him so faithfully. At the surrender, it was Colonel T. S. Bowers (third from left) upon whom Grant called to make a copy of the terms of surrender in ink. Colonel E. S. Parker, the full-blooded Indian on Grant's staff, an excellent penman, wrote
GRANT BETWEEN RAWLINS AND BOWERS
out the final copy. Nineteen years later, General Horace Por ter recorded with pride that he loaned General Lee a pencil to make a correction in the terms. Colonels William Duff and J. D. Webster, and General M. R. Patrick, are the three men who were not present at the inter view. All of the remaining offi cers were formally presented to Lee. General Seth Williams had been Lee's adjutant when the latter was superintendent at West Point some years before the war. In the lower photograph General Grant stands between General Rawlins and Colonel Bowers. The veins standing out on the back of his hand are plainly visible. No one but he could have told how calmly the blood coursed through them dur ing the four tremendous years.
> (Srmtt + + + •*
During his stormy period of civil administration, Grant was like a landsman tossing upon an angry sea who makes his port by virtue of the natural drift of the winds and tides rather than through his skill in navigation. The policies President Grant advocated during his two terms of office were sound, and if he did not show the politician's skill in availing himself of the varying winds of popular sentiment, he did exhibit a statesmanlike comprehension of the measures promotive of the best interests of the country. Refusing to be misled by the financial heresies of his time, in spite of the fact that they were advocated by a powerful faction in his own party, he took an uncompromising stand in his first inaugural in favor of pay ing the public debt in the currency of the world, and vetoed the bill to increase the issues of the simulacrum of coin, of merely local value. He reduced taxation and promoted econ omy in Government expenditures and reform in the civil service. He improved the condition of our Indian wards; he was a sincere friend of Mexico, against which he had fought in his youth; he strove to cultivate good relations with the Orientals, and he established our intercourse with England upon the firm foundations of the treat}'" of Washington.
How strange, how eventful, how checkered a career was this of the chief soldier of the Republic! Thirty-two years of unconscious preparation for a great career in the bucolic ex periences of his youth, in his training at the Military Academy and in war, followed by seven years of a life which taught the bitterest lessons of humility and self-abnegation. Next, a rapid advance to a position which made him during more than twenty years a chief among those upon whom the attention of the world was focused ; then a further descent into the valley of misfortune, until the final heroic struggle with the conqueror of us all once more centered upon him the affectionate interest of his countrymen and the sympathetic attention of the world.
* [50]
11
RESIDENCE OF ROBERT E. LEE, ON FRANKLIN STREET, RICHMOND, OCCUPIED BY HIS FAMILY DURING THE WAR — THREE OF THE PORTRAITS OF GENERAL LEE THAT FOLLOW
WERE TAKEN IN THE BASEMENT OF THIS HOUSE IT LATER
BECAME THE HOME OF THE VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
ID— M
ROBERT E. LEE
BY WILLIAM P. TRENT Professor of English Literature in Columbia University
GENERAL LEE has been the only great man with whom I have been thrown who has not dwindled upon a near approach." This is the significant remark of one of his personal friends, Major A. R. H. Ranson of the Confederate artillery. The present writer, who never had the privilege of seeing General Lee, finds himself, in a sense, completely in accord with the veteran staff-officer, since he, too, can say that of all the great figures in history and literature whom he has had occasion to study through books, no one has stood out freer from human imperfections, of whatever sort, than the man and soldier upon whom were centered the affec tions, the admiration, and the hopes of the Southern people during the great crisis of their history. General Lee is the hero of his surviving veterans, of his fellow Virginians and South erners, of many of those Americans of the North and West against whom he fought, and of his biographers. He is the Hector of a still-unwritten Iliad — a fact which the sketch that follows cannot prove, any more than it can set forth his claims to military fame in an adequately expert fashion, but to the truth of which it may perhaps bring a small bit of not valueless testimony — the testimony of personal conviction.*
Robert Edward Lee, the third son of the cavalry leader " Light Horse Harry " Lee by his second wife, Anne Hill Carter, was born at the family mansion, " Stratford," in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. On
* For a fuller, though necessarily limited treatment of Lee's character and career reference may be made to the writer's volume in the " Beacon Biographies," which has guided him in the present sketch.
[52]
# - •*•*£• ,
>\-
'1
COPYRIGHT, 1911, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
"LEE WAS ESSENTIALLY A VIRGINIAN"
Old Christ Church ;»t Alexandria. Virginia. The church attended by both Washington and Lee calls up associations that explain the reference of General Adams. In 1811, at the age of four, Robert E. Lee removed from Westmoreland County to Alexandria, which remained his home until he entered West Point, in 1825. During these years he was gaining his education from private tutors and devoting himself to the care of his invalid mother. Many ? Sunday he passed through the trees around this church, of which Washington had been one of the first vestrymen, to occupy the pew that is still pointed out to visitors. The town serves to intensify love of Virginia; here Braddock made his headquarters before marching against the French, in 1755, with young George Washington as an aide on his staff; and here on April l.'ith of that year the Governors of New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia had met, in order to determine upon plans for the expedition. In the vicinity were Mount Vernon, the estate of Washington, and Arlington, which remained in the family of Washington's wife. The whole region was therefore full of inspiration for the youthful Lee,
|
E -' |
|
|
IS |
H B ^^ ^2? //^ ^ |
|
PI ist n |
|
|
V J q / |
u LJ |
both sides he came of the best stock of his native State. When he was four years old, his father removed to Alexandria in order to secure better schooling for the eight children. Later, the old soldier was compelled to go to the West Indies and the South in search of health, and it came to pass that Robert, though a mere boy, was obliged to constitute himself the nurse and protector of his invalid mother. The beautiful relation thus established accounts in part for the blended dignity and charm of his character. It does not account for his choice of a profes sion, but perhaps that is sufficiently explained by the genius for the soldier's calling which he must have inherited from his father. As with Milton before him, the piety and purity of his youth were inseparably combined with grace and strength.
He entered West Point in 1825 on an appointment secured by Andrew Jackson, and he graduated four years later with the second highest honors of the class and an extraordinarily per fect record. Appointed second lieutenant of engineers, he hastened home to receive the blessing of his dying mother. Two years later (June, 1831), after work on the fortifications at Hampton Roads, he was married, at the beautiful estate of Arlington on the Potomac, to Mary Randolph Custis, grand daughter of Washington's wife, a lovely and accomplished young woman destined to be a fitting helpmeet. As his father- in-law was wealthy, Lee, who loved country life, must have been tempted to settle down at Arlington to manage the estate that would one day pass to his wife, but his genuine devotion to his profession prevailed, and he went on building coast de fenses.
In 1834, he was transferred to Washington as first lieu tenant assisting the chief engineer of the army. He was thus enabled to live at Arlington, but, while in no sense of the term a society man, he also saw something of life at the capital. Three years later he was sent West to superintend work on the upper Mississippi. His plans were approved and well carried
[54]
£
£
|
P it |
p n |
|
|
n |
n |
|
|
A |
\ ] M^, 0 1 |
L J i \ |
LEE IN 1850
FROM THE ORIGINAL DAGUERREOTYPE— WITHOUT THE UNIFORM
PAINTED ON LATER
Through the courtesy of General G. W. C. Lee — who furnished information of much value concerning several portraits in this chapter — there is reproduced above the actual appearance of his distinguished father in 1850. This portrait was copied, embellished with a uniform painted on by hand, and widely circulated. To study the un retouched original is particularly interesting. Lee at this period was in Baltimore, in charge of defenses then being constructed. Three years before, in the Mexican War, he had posted batteries before Vera Cruz so that the town was reduced in a week. After each of the battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Cha- pultepec, he received promotion, and for his services in the last he was breveted colonel. A born soldier, the son of a soldier, this handsome young man is not as handsome by far as the superb general who later lent grace and dignity to the Confed erate gray. He little realized the startling future when this photograph was taken.
out; lie was made captain in 1838, and, meanwhile, leading a somewhat uneventful life, he slowly acquired a reputation as a reliable officer. In 1841, he was put in charge of the defenses of New York, and in this position he remained until the out break of the Mexican War.
The part he played at this crisis throws much light upon his character and his after career. He distinguished himself in Mexico more brilliantly, perhaps, than any other officer of his years, and thus he gave proof of his native military bent and of the thoroughness with which he had studied the art of war. He was not in sympathy with the political " Jingoes " of the time, a fact which affords a measure of his mental rectitude. But he was modestly indisposed to speak out upon political matters, being, as he conceived, a soldier charged with exe cuting the will of his country as expressed by its statesmen.
It might have been predicted that, in the event of a civil war, such a man would side with that part of the nation in which he was born and bred, that his services would be strictly military in character, that the thought of making himself a dic tator or even of interfering with the civil administration would never cross his mind. He would exhibit the highest virtues of the soldier and the private citizen ; he would not, like Washing ton, go farther and exhibit the highest virtues of the states man. It is probably best for his own fame and for the Nation that this should have been so. The Republic is fortunate in possessing three men, each consummate in private character, two illustrious in the separate spheres of military and civil command, Lee the soldier, and Lincoln the statesman, and one unique in combining the two high orders of genius, the greatest of Americans, the " Father of his Country."
At the beginning of the Mexican War, Lee was attached to General Wool's command in the Northern departments. He attracted notice chiefly by his brilliant scouting. Early in 1847, at the request of General Winfield Scott, he joined the
COPYRIGHT, 1911 REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
ARLINGTON, THE HOME OF LEE, FROM THE GREAT OAK
The beautiful estate by the Potomac came to General Lee from the family of George Washington. While Lee, as a boy and youth, lived in Alexandria he was a frequent caller at the Arlington estate, where Mary Lee Custis, the only daughter of George Washington Parke Custis, was his companion and playfellow. Before he had completed his course at West Point the friendship had ripened into love and the two became engaged. Her father is said to have considered her entitled to a more wealthy match than young Lee, who looked forward to a career in the army. But in 1831, two years after his graduation, the ceremony was performed and on the death of Custis in 1857, the estate passed into the possession of Robert E. Lee as trustee for his children. The management had already been in his hands for many years, and though constantly absent on duty, he had ordered it so skilfully that its value steadily increased. On the outbreak of the Civil Wrar and his decision to cast in his lot with Virginia, he was obliged to leave the mansion that overlooked the national capital. It at once fell into the hands of Federal troops. Nevermore was he to dwell in the majestic home that had sheltered his family for thirty years. When the war was over, he gave the Pamunkey estate to his son Robert and himself retired to the quiet, simple life of Lexington, Virginia, as president of the institution that is now known, in his honor, as Washington and Lee University.
staff of that commander before Vera Cruz. In the fighting that ensued he displayed a skill and bravery, not unmixed with rashness, that won him high praise from his superior. In the reconnaissances before the victory of Contreras, he specially distinguished himself, and this was also the case at the battle of Chapultepec, where he was wounded. Having already been brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel, he was now brevetted colonel, and he took his share in the triumphant entry of the city of Mexico on September 14, 1847.
He was soon busy once more, employing his talents as engineer in the surveys made of the captured city, and showing his character in endeavoring to reconcile the testy Scott with his subordinates. Later, he was put in charge of the defenses of Baltimore, and later still, in 1852, he was made superintend ent of the Military Academy at West Point. During his ad ministration the discipline was improved and the course of study lengthened. In 1855, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the Second Cavalry, and in the spring of the next year he joined his regiment in western Texas. Pursuit of maraud ing Indians and study of animals and plants employed his hours, but he suffered from his separation from his wife and children, domestic affection being as characteristic a trait as his genius for battle. In July, 1857, the command of his regiment devolved upon him, and three months later he was called to Arlington on account of the death of his father-in- law, Mr. Custis. Despite the change in his circumstances, he returned to his command in Texas and remained until the au tumn of 1859, when he was given leave to visit his family. It was during this visit that he was ordered with a company of marines to Harper's Ferry to dislodge John Brown. Then, after giving the legislature of Virginia some advice with re gard to the organization of the militia, he took command of the Department of Texas. From afar he watched sadly the
[58]
COPYRIGHT, 1911, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
LEE'S BOYHOOD PLAYGROUND
When Robert E. Lee came over from Alexandria as a boy, to play soldier in the gardens and grounds around this beautiful mansion overlooking the Potomac, he could hardly have thought of its occupation during his life-time by a hostile force determined to bend his native State to its will. When he was graduated from West Point in 1829 and proudly donned the army blue, he little imagined that thirty-two years later, after he had paced his room all night in terrible perplexity, he would doff the blue for another color sworn to oppose it. The estate about Arlington house was a fair and spacious domain. Every part of it had rung in his early youth and young manhood with the voice of her who later became his wife. He had whispered his love in its shaded alleys, and here his children had come into the world. Yet here stand men with swords and muskets ready to take his life if they should meet him on the field of battle. Arlington, once famous for its hospitality, has since extended a silent welcome to 20,000 dead. Lee's body is not here, but reposes in a splendid marble tomb at Washington and Lee University, where he ruled with simple dignity after the finish of the war.
^
drift of the two sections toward war, and in February, 1861, upon the secession of Texas, he was recalled to Washington.
It is needless to discuss exhaustively Lee's attitude on the questions that were dividing the country. He did not be lieve in slavery or secession, but, on the other hand, he did not admit that the general Government had the right to invade and coerce sovereign States, and he shared the conviction of his fellow Southerners that their section had been aggrieved and was threatened with grave losses. He sided with those whom he regarded as his " people," and they have continued to honor his decision, which, as we have seen, was inevitable, given his training and character.
It was equally inevitable, in view of the oaths he had taken, and of the existence of theories of government to which he did not subscribe, that his entering the service of the Confederacy should seem to many Americans a wilful act of treason. His conduct will probably continue to furnish occasion for censure to those who judge actions in the light of rigid political, social, and ecclesiastical theories instead of in the light of circum stances and of the phases of character. To his admirers, on the other hand, who will increase rather than diminish, Lee will remain a hero without fear and without reproach.
Lee spent the weeks immediately following the inaugura tion of Lincoln in a state of great nervous tension. There seems to be little reason to doubt that, had he listened to the overtures made him, he could have had charge of the Union forces to be put in the field. On April 20, 1861, he resigned the colonelcy of the First Cavalry, and on the 23d he accepted the command of the military forces of Virginia in a brief speech worthy of the career upon which he was entering. A little less than a month later he became a brigadier of the Confederacy, that being then the highest grade in the Southern service.
For some time he chafed at not being allowed to take the field, but he could not be spared as an organizer of troops and
[GO]
WHERE LEE STOOD SUPREME— THE WILDERNESS IN 1864
From the point of view of the mil itary student Lee's consummate feats of generalship were performed in the gloom of the Wilderness. On this ground he presented an al ways unbroken front against which Grant dashed his battalions in vain. Never were Lee's lines here broken; the assailants must always shift their ground to seek a fresh oppor tunity for assault. At this spot on the battlefield of the Wilderness the opposing forces lay within twenty- four feet of each other all night. The soldiers, too, had learned by this 1864 campaign to carry out orders with judgment of their own. The rank and file grew to be ex cellent connoisseurs of the merits of a position. "If they only save a finger it will do some good," was General Longstreet's reply, when his engineer officers complained that their work on Marye's Hill was being spoiled by being built higher by the gunners of the Wash ington artillery — who had to fight
LEE IN THE FIELD THE BEST KNOWN PORTRAIT
behind them. For this reason the significance of the lines as shown in many war maps is often very puz zling to the students of to-day, who have never seen the actual field of operations and have no other guide. Much of the ground disputed by the contending forces in our Civil \Var was quite unlike the popular con ception of a battlefield, derived from descriptions of European cam paigns, or from portrayals of the same, usually fanciful. For at this variety of warfare, Lee was a master, as well as on the rolling open plains of the Virginia farm. The portrait of Lee opposite was taken during the campaign pre ceding this test of the Wilderness. The reproduction here is directly from the photograph — taken at Lee's first sitting in war-time, and his only one " in the field." Re productions of this picture painted, engraved, and lithographed were widely circulated after the war. The likeness was much impaired.
|
1 (~ |
|||
|
M |
w^ &•% fit!) |
||
|
IN |
> \ w^ q I |
1 \ |
) |
|
c |
an adviser to President Davis. While others were winning laurels at First Manassas (Bull Run) he was trying to direct from a distance the Confederate attempts to hold what is now West Virginia, and in August he took personal charge of the difficult campaign. There is no denying the fact that he was not successful. His suhordinates were not in accord, his men were ill supplied, the season was inclement, and the country was unfavorahle to military operations. Perhaps a less kindly commander might have accomplished something ; it is more cer tain that Lee did not deserve the harsh criticism to which for the moment he was subjected.
He was next assigned to command the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and he showed remark able skill in laying down plans of coast defenses which long held the Union fleet at bay. In March, 1862, he was recalled to Richmond to direct the military operations of the Confed eracy under President Davis, \vho was not a merely nominal commander-in-chief. Lee's self-control and balance of char acter enabled him to fill the post without friction, and for a time he was permitted to be with his wife and children, who were exiles from the confiscated estate of Arlington. He pre pared men and supplies to oppose McClellan's advance toward Richmond, and successfully resisted " Joe " Johnston's plan to withdraw troops from the South and risk all on a pitched battle with McClellan near the capital. When, later, Johnston was wounded at Seven Pines, the command of the Confederate army on the Chickahominy devolved upon Lee (June, 1862) and he was at last in a position to make a full display of his genius as a strategist and an offensive fighter.
He at once decided, against the opinions of most of his officers, not to fall back nearer Richmond, and, after sending J. E. B. Stuart on a scouting circuit of the Union army, he prepared for the offensive. The attack made on June 26th failed because " Stonewall " Jackson's fatigued soldiers, who
[62]
ALL
THE ORIGINAL WAR-TIME PHOTOGRAPHS
OF ROBERT E. LEE
"I believe there were none of the little things of life so irksome to him as having his picture taken in any way," writes Captain Robert E. Lee of his illustrious father. Lee was photographed in war-time on three occasions only, one was in the field, about '02~'(53; the second in Rich mond in 18(53; and the third imme diately after the surrender, at his Richmond home. Several of the portraits resulting have appeared in other volumes of this history; all the rest are presented with this chap ter. Lee's first sitting produced the full-length on page 235, Volume II, and the full-face on the page pre ceding this — the popular portrait, much lithographed and engraved, but rarely shown, as here, from an original photograph, with the expres sion not distorted into a false amia bility, but calm and dignified as in nature. Lee's second sitting was before Vannerson's camera in Rich mond, 1803. Richmond ladies had made for their hero a set of shirts, and had begged him to sit for a por trait. Lee, yielding, courteously wore one of the gifts. The amateur shirtmakmg is revealed in the set of the collar, very high in the neck, as seen in the photographs on this page. Another negative of this second oc-
LEE
AT THE HEIGHT OE HIS FAME
18(53
AS
PRESENTED IN THIS CHAPTER
AND IN- OTHER VOLUMES
casion, a full-length, is reproduced in Volume IX, page 123. The third photographing of Lee was done by Brady. It was the first opportunity of the camera wizard since the war began to preserve for posterity the fine features of the Southern hero. The position selected by Brady was under the back porch of Lee's home in Richmond, near the basement door, on account of the better light. The results were excellent. Three appear with this chapter: a magnifi cent three-quarter view, enlarged on page 63; a full-length, on page 69; and a group with Custis Lee and Colonel Taylor, on page 67. An other view of this group will be found on page 83 of Volume I; and the fifth of these Brady pictures, a seated profile of Lee alone, on page 23 of Volume III. An early daguer- reotypist had portrayed Lee in 1850 as a young engineer-colonel — see page 55. The general's later life is covered by his celebrated pho tograph on " Traveler " in Septem ber, 1866, on page 121 of Volume IX; by the two portraits of 'C7 and '69 on page 73; by the photograph with Johnston, taken in 1869, on page 341 of Volume I, and by the striking group photograph that forms the frontispiece to this volume.
had just performed brilliant feats in the Valley of Virginia were not brought up in time. The next day's struggle resulted in a Pyrrhic victory for Lee, who was left, how ever, in complete control of the north bank of the Chicka- hominy.
The remainder of the great Seven Days' righting around Richmond need not be described. Lee himself did not escape criticism; he was often badly supported; the Federals, as at Malvern Hill, showed themselves to be gallant foes, but the net result was the retreat of McClellan to the shelter of his gun boats, the relief of Richmond, and the recognition of Lee as the chief defender of the South. The Confederate commander was not fully satisfied, believing that with proper support he ought to have crushed his adversary. Perhaps he was oversan- guine, but it is clear that aspiring aggressiveness is a necessary element in the character of a general who is to impress the imagination of the world.
His next procedure, McClellan having again begun to retreat, was to join Jackson against Pope, who had been threat ening the Piedmont region. After complicated operations, in which the Federal general showed much bewilderment, and after daringly dividing his army in order to enable Jackson to move on Pope's rear, Lee won the complete victory of Second Manassas on August 30, 1862. Despite his inferior numbers, his aggressiveness and his ability to gage his opponents had enabled him to rid Virginia of Federal forces, and he re solved to invade Maryland. Davis acquiesced in his far- sighted plan, and the march began on September 5th. The detaching of Jackson to take Harper's Ferry and the loss of one of Lee's orders, which fell into McClellan's hands, soon gave a somewhat sinister turn to the campaign. Lee's boldness and extraordinary capacity on the field enabled him, however, to fight the drawn battle of Sharpsburg, or Antietam, on Sep tember 17th with remarkable skill, yet with dreadful losses to
[64]
COPYRIGHT, '9M, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
LEE— THE GENERAL WHO SHOULDERED "ALL THE RESPONSIBILITY"
The nobility revealed by the steadfast lips, the flashing eyes in this magnificent portrait is reflected by a happening a few days before its taking. It was 1865. The forlorn hope of the Confederacy had failed. Gordon and Fitzhugh Lee had attacked the Federal lines on April 9th, but found them impregnable. Lee heard the news, and said: "Then there is nothing left me but to go and see General Grant." — "Oh, General, what will history say to the surrender of the army in the field?" — Lee's reply is among the finest of his utterances: "Yes, I know they will say hard things of us; they will not understand how we were overwhelmed by numbers; but that is not the question, Colonel; the question is, is it right to surrender this army? If it is right, then I will take all the responsibility."
both sides. In the end he was forced to withdraw into Virginia, the campaign, from at least the political point of view, having proved a failure. As a test of efficient handling of troops in battle, Antietam, however, is a crowning point in Lee's mili tary career.
The Army of Northern Virginia repassed the Potomac in good order, and Lee took up his headquarters near Winchester, doing his best to obtain supplies and to recruit his forces. Here, as later, one sees in him a figure of blended dignity and pathos, making a deep appeal to the imagination. His bearing and attire befitted the commander of one of the most efficient armies ever brought together; yet his most impressive quali ties were his poise, his considerateness for others, his forget- fulness of self. No choice morsel for him while sick and wounded soldiers were within reach of his ministrations. Bul lets might be whizzing around him, but he would stoop to pick up and care for a stunned young bird. No wonder that when, on a desperate day in the Wilderness, he attempted to head a charge, his lovingly indignant soldiers forced him back. They, had visions of a hapless South deprived of its chief champion. To-day their sons have visions of a South fortunate in being a contented part of a great, undivided country and in possess ing that choicest of possessions, a hero in whom power and charm are mingled in equal measure.
But we must take up once more our thin thread of narra tive. Burnside superseded McClellan, and Lee, with the sup port of Longstreet and " Stonewall " Jackson, encountered him at Fredericksburg, where, on December 13, 1862, the Federals suffered one of the most disastrous defeats of the war. Hooker succeeded Burnside and began operations well by obtaining at Chancellorsville a position in Lee's rear. Then came the tremendous fighting of May 2 and 3, 1863, followed by Hook er's retreat across the Rappahannock on the 6th. The Confed-
[66]
LEE IN RICHMOND AFTER THE WAR
The quiet distinction and dignity of the Confederate leader appears particularly in this group portrait — always a trying ordeal for the central figure. Superbly calm he sits, the general who laid down arms totally unembittered, and set a magnificent example to his followers in peace as he had in war. Lee strove after the fall of the Confederacy, with all his far-reaching influence, to allay the feeling aroused by four years of the fiercest fighting in history. This photograph was taken by Brady in 1865, in the basement below the back porch of Lee's Franklin Street house in Richmond. On his right stands General G. W. C. Lee, on his left, Colonel Walter Taylor. This is one of five photographs taken by Brady at this time. A second and third are shown on pages 65 and 69, a fourth on page 83 of Volume I, and a fifth on page 23 of Volume III.
•$•
•*•
erate victory was dearly paid for, not only in common soldiers but in the death of " Stonewall " Jackson.
Weakened though Lee was, he determined upon another invasion of the North — his glorious, but ill-fated, Gettys burg campaign. Was it justifiable before those three days of fierce fighting that ended in Pickett's charge? Was Lee merely candid, not magnanimous, when he took upon himself the responsibility for the failure of his brilliant plans; or are his biographers in the right when they seek to relieve him at the expense of erring and recalcitrant subordinates? In his confidence in himself and his army, did he underrate the troops and the commander opposing him? Could Meade, after July 3d, have crushed Lee and materially shortened the war?
However these military questions may be finally answered, if final answers are ever obtained, Lee's admirers need feel little apprehension for his fame. The genius to dare greatly and the character to suffer calmly have always been and will always be the chief attributes of the world's supreme men of action. These, in splendid measure, are the attributes of Lee, and they were never more conspicuously displayed than in the Gettys burg campaign. Success is not always a true measure of great ness, but insistence upon success as a standard is a very good measure for a certain kind of smallness.
Meade not acting on the offensive, Lee began to retreat and at last got his army across the Potomac. Meade followed him into Virginia, but no important fighting was done in that State during the remainder of 1863, a year in which the Con federacy fared badly elsew'here. Lee suggested that he should be relieved by a younger man, but President Davis was too wise to accede, and the Southern cause was assured of its cham pion, even though the gaunt forms of famine and defeat kept drawing nearer and nearer.
Lee's army suffered severely during the winter of 1863- 64 in the defenses behind the Rapidan, but its chief bore all privations with a simple Christian fortitude that renders super-
LEE IN 1865
The gray-haired man who wears his uniform with such high distinction is the general who had shown every kind of bravery known to the soldier, including the supreme courage to surrender his army in the field when he saw that further fighting would he a useless sacrifice of lives. This was a photograph taken by Brady, shortly before Lee left his home to become president of Washington University.
fluous any reference to Roman stoicism. With the spring lie girded himself to meet his future conqueror, Grant, in cam paigns which proved that, although he himself could he finally crushed by weight of numbers, he was nevertheless the greater master of the art of war. Grant's army was nearly twice as large as that of Lee, but this superiority was almost neutral ized by the fact that he was taking the offensive in the tangled region known as the Wilderness. The fighting throughout May and June, 1864, literally defies description. Grant at last had to cease maneuvering and to fight his way out to a junc tion with Butler on the James. He would attack time and again with superb energy, only to be thrown back with heavy losses. Lee used his advantage of fighting on interior lines and his greater knowledge of the country, and so prevented any effective advance on Richmond. Finally, after the ter rible slaughter at Cold Harbor, he forced Grant to cease hammering. Yet, after all, the Federal commander was not outfought. He had to submit to the delay involved in tak ing Petersburg before he could take Richmond, but the fall of the Confederate capital was. inevitable, since his own losses could be made up and Lee's could not.
On June 18, 1864, Lee's forces joined in the defense of Petersburg, and Grant was soon entrenching himself for the siege of the town. The war had entered upon its final stage, as Lee clearly perceived. The siege lasted until the end of March, 186.5, Grant's ample supplies rendering his victory cer tain, despite the fact that when he tested the fighting quality of his adversaries he found it unimpaired. In one sense it was sheer irony to give Lee, in February, 1865, the commander- ship-in-chief of the Confederate armies ; yet the act was the out ward sign of a spiritual fact, since, after all, he was and had long been the true Southern commander, and never more so than when he bore privation with his troops in the wintry trenches around Petersburg.
70}
LEE
AND HIS STAFF
AS THE WAR ENDED
MEN
WHO STAYED THROUGH APPOMATTOX
These twelve members of General Robert E. Lee's staff surrendered with him at Appomattox Court House, and with him signed a parole drawn up by Grant, to the effect that they would not take up arms against the United States until or unless they were exchanged. This military medallion was devised by the photographer Rockwell during General Lee's stay in Richmond in April, 1865. These facts are furnished by Major Giles B. Cooke (No. 12, above), who had verified them by writing General Lee himself after the surrender.
Late in March and early in April, the Federals made Lee's position untenable, and he pressed on to Amelia Court House, where the expected supplies failed him, Richmond having meanwhile surrendered on April 3, 1865. Grant, drawing near, sent Lee on April 7th a courteous call to surrender. Lee, still hoping against hope for supplies, asked Grant's terms. Before the final surrender he took his chance of breaking through the opposing lines, but found them too strong. Then he sent a flag of truce to Grant, and a little before noon on April 9th held a meeting with him in a house at Appomattox Court House. It is superfluous to say that in his bearing at the interview and in the terms he offered his exhausted foes, Grant illustrated as completely the virtue of magnanimity as Lee did that of dignified resignation.
With tears in his eyes, Lee told his ragged but still un daunted veterans that their cause was lost. Then he issued a noble address to the survivors of his army, received visits from old friends among his opponents, and rode away on " Traveller" toward Richmond. In the fallen capital, even the Federal troops greeted him with enthusiasm, and he was at last once more in the bosom of his family. In June, he went to the coun try for rest, and later in the summer he accepted the presidency of Washington College at Lexington, now Washington and Lee University. He had previously refused many gifts and offers of positions which seemed tainted by mercenary consid erations.
As a college president, General Lee both in character and in poise of intellect ranks with the first. During the five years of his administration the institution prospered financially, and the course of studies was liberally enlarged, no narrow military conceptions being allowed to prevail. He was as beloved by his students as he had been by his soldiers, and he was content with his small sphere of influence, declining most wisely to accept the governorship of the State and a political career
[72]
4
LEE IN 1867
PRESIDENT OF WASHINGTON COLLEGE, LATER WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY
LEE IN 1869
THE YEAR BEFORE HIS DEATH AT THE AGE OF SIXTY-THREE
THE DECLINING YEARS
In these portraits the bright eyes of the daring leader have lost none of their fire; the handsome head still remains erect. In October, 1865, Lee had been installed as president of Washington College at Lexington, Virginia, later named in his honor Washington and Lee University. Under his manage ment new chairs were founded, the scheme of study enlarged, and from the moral side it would have been impossible to secure finer results. Lee's greatness of soul was shown in the way in which he urged the Southern people loyally to accept the result of the war. On the morning of October 1C2, 1870, at the age of sixty-three, he died — mourned throughout the Union which he had helped to reunite, and throughout the civilized world, which had watched with admiration his gallant fight and nobility of soul. "To those who saw his composure under the greater and lesser trials of life," wrote Colonel William Preston Johnson, his intimate friend, "and his justice and forbearance with the most unjust and uncharitable, it seemed scarcely credible that his serene soul was shaken by the evil that raged around him." Oil his dying bed he fought over the great battles of the war. How strongly he felt his responsibility is shown by nearly his last words: "Tell Hill he must come up. "
4* *$• •$* •$• 4*
for which neither his years nor his temperament fitted
him.
His health, which had begun to be impaired in 1803, grad ually failed him, and in 1869 grew somewhat alarming. In the spring of 1870, he took a trip South with little result, and then he went to some springs for the summer. He resumed his duties at the college, but soon was taken ill in consequence of an accidental exposure, and after a short illness he died on Octo ber 12, 1870. His last words were of the war and his often dilatory subordinates: " Tell Hill he must come up."
Tributes came from friend and foe, and now, after forty years have passed, they continue to come. Lee is to the South ern people and to many military experts in foreign countries the greatest commander of armies that America has ever pro duced. He is to all who have studied his character, and to many who have merely heard or read of him in a general way, one of the noblest of men. He is the ideal gentleman, not merely of Nature's making, but of race and breeding; in other words, a true aristocrat. Yet to his aristocratic virtues, he added the essentially democratic virtues, and he was an ideal Christian as well as an ideal gentleman and man.
Lee's rank among the great men of the world is not so easy to determine, yet it seems clear that he must be named with the greatest of all time, with soldiers like Marlborough, for example, and that an additional luster attaches to his fame which few other great captains enjoy, since he attracts sympa thy and love almost more than he does admiration. More completely perhaps than any other modern man of Anglo- Saxon stock he is qualified to be at once a hero of history and a hero of romance. He is the representative of a people that has suffered; hence his character and career possess a unique spiritual value not fully to be estimated by those who apply to him the normal tests of historical greatness.
[74 ]
Ill
SHERMAN
A LEADER WHO FOUGHT, BUT WHO WON MORE BY MARCHES THAN OTHERS WON BY FIGHTING
MAJOR GENERAL
WILLIAM T. SHERMAN
AND HIS GENERALS
This photograph shows Sher man with seven major-generals who "went through" with him —fighting their way to Atlanta, and marching on the famous ex pedition from Atlanta to the sea and nortli through the Car- olinas to the battle of Benton- ville and Johnston's surrender.
From left to right they are:
MAJOR-GEXERAL
O. O. HOWARD
Commanding the Army of the
Tennessee
MAJOR-GENERAL
J. A. LOGAN
Formerly Commanding the Army of the Tennessee
MAJOR-GENERAL W. B. HA ZEN
Commanding a Division in the Fifteenth Army Corps
M AJOR-G ENERAL
W. T. SHERMAN Commanding the Military Divi sion of the Mississippi
MAJOR-GENERAL JEFF C. DAVIS
Commanding the Fourteenth Army Corps
MAJOR-GENERAL H. W. SLOCUM
Commanding the Army of Georgia
MAJOR-GENERAL J. A. MOWER
Commanding the Twentieth Army Corps
[76]
WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN
BY WALTER L. FLEMING, PH.D. Profetiftor of History, Louisiana State University
THE armies of the United States were led in 1804-65 by two generals, to whom, more than to any other military leaders, was due the final victory of the Northern forces. Both Grant and Sherman were Western men; both were somewhat unsuccessful in the early years of the war and attained success rather late; to both of them the great opportunity finally came, in 1863, in the successful movement which opened the Mis sissippi, and their rewards were the two highest commands in the Federal army and the personal direction of the two great masses of men which were to crush the life out of the weakening Confederacy. Grant was the chief and Sherman his lieutenant, but some military critics hold that the latter did more than his chief to bring the war to an end. They were friends and were closely associated in military matters after 1862; in temperament and in military methods each supple mented the other, and each enabled the other to push his plans to success.
William Tecumseh Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, February 8, 1820. The family was of New England origin, and had come to America from England in the seventeenth century. About two hundred years later, Sherman's father and mother migrated to what was then the unsettled West and made their home in Ohio. His father, a lawyer and in his later years a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, died in 1829, leav ing a large family of children without adequate support. The subject of this sketch was adopted into the family of Thomas Ewing, who was later United States senator, and Secretary of ) the Interior in the cabinets of Harrison and Tyler. The boy f
BEFORE THE MARCH TO THE SEA
These two photographs of General Sherman were taken in 1864 — the year that made him an inter national figure, before his march to the sea which electrified the civilized world, and exposed once for all the crippled condition of the Confederacy. After that autumn expedition, the problem of the Union generals was merely to contendwith detached armies, no longer with the combined States of the Confederacy. The latter had no means of extending further support to the dwindling troops in the field. Sherman was the chief Union exponent of the tactical gift that makes marches count as much as fighting. In the early part of 1864 he made his famous raid across Mississippi from Jackson to Meridian and back again, destroying the railroads, Confederate stores, and other property, and des olating the country along the line of march. In May he set out from Chattanooga for the invasion of Georgia. For his success in this campaign he was appointed, on August 12th, a major-general in the regular army. On November 12th, he started with the pick of his men on his march to the sea. After the capture of Savannah, December 21st, Sherman's fame was secure; yet he was one of the most heartily execrated leaders of the war. There is a hint of a smile in the right-hand picture. The left-hand portrait reveals all the sternness and determination of a leader surrounded by dangers, about to penetrate an enemy's country against the advice of accepted military authorities.
grew up with the Western country in which he lived, among energetic, brainy farmers, lawyers, and politicians, the state- makers of the West.
When sixteen years of age, Sherman secured an appoint ment to West Point, where he tells us "I was not considered a good soldier." But he was at least a good student, for he graduated as number six in a class of forty-two, the survivors of one hundred and forty-one who had entered four years be fore.
After graduation, in 1840, he was assigned to the Third Artillery, with which he served for six years in the Southern States, mainly in Florida and South Carolina. In South Car olina, he made the acquaintance of the political and social lead ers of the South. At this time, in fact up to the Civil War, Sherman was probably better acquainted with Southern life and Southern conditions than with Northern. He spent some of his leisure time in the study of his profession and finally attacked the study of law.
Most of the next ten years was spent in California, where he was sent, in 1846, at the outbreak of the Mexican War. As aide to Generals S. W. Kearny, Mason, and Smith, in turn, Sherman was busy for four years in assisting to untangle the problems of the American occupation.
In 1850, he returned to Ohio and was married to Senator Ewing's daughter, Ellen Boyle Ewing, a woman of strong character and fine intellect, who for thirty-six years was to him a genuine helpmeet. About the same time, he was made captain in the Commissary Department and served for a short time in St. Louis and New Orleans, resigning early in 1850 that he might return to California to take charge of a banking establishment, a branch house of Lucas, Turner and Company, of St. Louis.
During this second period of life in California, we see Sherman as a business man — a banker. He was cautious and
[80]
|
Igl |
m B |
|
|
r |
n i |
|
|
1 |
, i w^, M i |
y J |
SHERMAN IN 1865
If Sherman was deemed merciless in war, he was superbly generous when the fighting was over. To Joseph E. Johnston he offered most liberal terms of surrender for the Southern armies. Their acceptance would have gone far to prevent the worst of the reconstruction enormities. Unfortunately his first convention with Johnston wras disapproved. The death of Lincoln had removed the guiding hand that would have meant so much to the nation. To those who have read his published correspondence and his memoirs Sherman appears in a very human light. He was fluent and fre quently reckless in speech and writing, but his kindly humanity is seen in both.
successful, and soon his bank was considered one of the best on the Pacific coast. This was due mainly to the prudent management by which the institution was enabled to weather the storm that destroyed nearly all the California!! banks in 1 85(5-57. But Sherman had always reported to his headquar ters in St. Louis that the bank could not make profits under the existing conditions, and in 1857 his advice was accepted and the business closed.
From 1853 to 1857, Sherman appears in but one con spicuous instance in another role than that of banker. In 1856, he accepted the appointment of general of militia in order to put down the Vigilantes, an organization formed in San Fran cisco to crush the lawlessness which had come as a natural re sult of the weakness and corruption of the local government. He sympathized with the members of the organization in their desire to put down disorder, but maintained that the proper authorities should be forced to remedy matters, and that illegal methods of repressing crime should not be tolerated. For a time it seemed that he would succeed, but the local authorities were much disliked and distrusted by the people, and the prom ised support was not given him by the United States military authorities, with the result that his plans failed.
During the next two years, Sherman decided that as a business man he was a failure. In his letters, he vigorously as serts it as a fact; and in truth his business career must have been extremely unsatisfactory to him. In spite of good man agement, the San Francisco venture had failed. For a few months afterward he was in charge of another branch of the same business in Xew York, and, during the great panic of 1857, this also was discontinued on account of the failure of the main house in St. Louis. Then he went to Kansas, decided to practise law and was admitted to the bar, " on general in telligence," he said, and with his brother-in-law formed the law firm of Ewing, Sherman and McCook.
[82]
'IEWS OF REVIEWS CO
SHERMAN IN 1876
A SOLDIER TO THE END
The t"A\ figure of "Old Tecumseh" in 187(5, though crowned with gray, still stood erect and com manding. Upon the appointment of Grant as full general, in July, 1866, Sherman had been pro moted to the lieutenant-generalship. When Grant became President of the United States, March 4, 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general. An attempt was made to run him against Grant in 1872, but he emphatically refused to allow his name to be used. He retired from the army on full pay in February, 1884. Although he was practically assured of the Republican nomination for President that year, he telegraphed that he would not accept the nomination if given, and would not serve if elected. He spent his later years among his old army associates, attending reunions, making speeches at soldiers' celebrations, and putting his papers in order for future historians. He resolutely refused all inducements to enter the political arena, and to the end he remained a soldier.
MmMfc.
Sherman's law career, as he described it, was rather humorous. He lost his only case, a dispute over the possession of a shanty, but joined with his client to defeat the judgment by removing the house at night. Afterward, he undertook army contracts for constructing military roads and opened a large tract of Kansas wild land for Senator Ewing. Dis gusted with business life, Sherman decided to reenter the army, and applied for a paymastership. But his friends of the War Department recommended him instead for the superintendency of the Louisiana State Seminary (now the Louisiana State University), then being organized. He wras elected to that position in August, 1859, and for a third time he made his home in the South.
He was an efficient college executive; the seminary was soon organized and running like clockwork, students and in structors all under the careful direction of the superintendent, who very soon became a general favorite, not only with " his boys " but with the faculty of young Virginian professors. He had no regular classes, but gave episodical instruction in American history and geography, and on Fridays conducted the " speaking." He was a good story-teller, and frequently his room would be crowded with students and young professors, listening to his descriptions of army life and of the great West.
He was a firm believer in expansion and " our manifest des tiny," and frequently lectured to students and visitors on those events in American history which resulted in the rounding-out of the national domain. It was due, perhaps, to his long residence in the far West that he regarded slavery as in no sense the cause of the sectional troubles of 1860-61. It was all the result, he maintained, of the machinations of unscrupu lous politicians scheming for power, working upon a restless people who were suffering from an overdose of Democracy. It is clear that Sherman, while appreciating both the Northern
[84]
SHERMAN'S LEADERS IN THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN
THE FIRST OF FIVE GROUPS OF LEADERS WHO MADE POSSIBLE SHERMAN'S LACONIC MESSAGE OF SEPTEMBER, 1864: "ATLANTA IS OURS AND FAIRLY WON"
James D. Morgan, Leader of a Division in Palmer's Corps.
K. M. Johnson, Leader of a Division in the Fourteenth Corps.
John Xewton I/ed the Second Division of the Fourth Corps.
Alpheus S. Williams, Leader of a Division Edward M. McCook, Dashing Leader of a Wager Swayne, Originally Colonel of the under General Joseph Hooker. Cavalry Division in Front of Atlanta. 43d Ohio, Brevetted Major-General.
*$* *$•
and the Southern points of view, did not fully comprehend the forces which for years had been driving the sections apart.
When Louisiana seceded, Sherman announced publicly what was already generally known — that he would not remain at the seminary ; that he would take no part against the United States. It is said that he wept bitterly when he heard of the withdrawal of South Carolina. One of the strongest argu ments against secession was, in his opinion, the geographic one. Familiar with all the Southern country, especially the Mississippi valley, he insisted that Xature itself had already decided the question against secession and that the South ought to struggle within the Union for redress of grievances. He believed that the South, though itself at fault, was aggrieved. He could not be prevailed upon to remain, and in February, 1861, he left the seminary and the State.
Sherman at once went to Washington where he found the politicians busy, and as they and Lincoln were " too radical " to suit him, he left, profanely declaring that " the politicians have got the country into this trouble; now let them get it out." For two months he was president of a street-railway company in St. Louis, and while here he was a witness of the division of Missouri into hostile camps. He wratched the Xorth while it gradually made up its mind to fight, and then he offered his services to the War Department, and was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth United States Infantry.
Sherman's military career falls into four rather distinct parts: The Manassas, or Bull Run, campaign, and Kentucky, in 1801; the Shiloh-Corinth campaign, in 1862; the opening of the Mississippi, in 1863; the campaigns in Georgia and the Carolinas, in 1864-65. During the first two years, he was making mistakes, getting experience, and learning his pro fession. In the third campaign, his military reputation was made secure, and in the last one he crushed half the Confed eracy mainly by his destructive marches.
At Bull Run, or Manassas, he commanded a brigade with
[80]
Thos. II. Ruger Commanded a Brigade J. G. Veatch, Division Leader in the Morgan L. Smith, Leader of the under General Hooker. Sixteenth Army Corps. Second Division, Fourteenth Corps.
LEADERS IN THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN- GROUP No. 2
COMMANDERS OF BRIGADES AND DIVISIONS WHICH FOUGHT UNDER McPHERSON, THOMAS AND HOOKER IN THE CAMPAIGN FOR ATLANTA, SUMMER OF '64
J. D. Cox Commanded a Division under General Schofield.
M. D. Manson, Brigade Leader in the Twenty-third Corps.
Charles Cruft Commanded a Brigade under General Stanley.
J. A. J. Lightburn Led a Division in the Army of the Tennessee.
W. L. Elliott, Chief of Cavalry under General Thomas
|
i |
I |
n |
|
|
f |
w n i |
w ^ . |
i |
|
C ) |
|||
|
J-- — =i |
credit, and though it was routed he quickly restored its organ ization and morale, and for this he was made a brigadier-gen eral of volunteers.
Transferred to Kentucky to assist General Robert An derson, his former commander, in organizing the Federals of Kentucky, he came near ruining his career by the frankness of his speech to the Secretary of War and to the newspaper men. The administration evidently desired to minimize the gravity of the situation in the West, but Sherman insisted that to hold Kentucky sixty thousand men were necessary, and to open the valley to the Gulf two hundred thousand wrould be needed. He was better acquainted with the Southern temper than \vere the Xorthern politicians and the newspapers, some of which now declared him insane for making such a statement. He was hounded by them for several months and was almost driven from the service. The course of the war showed that he was correct.
During the next year was begun the movement to open the Mississippi valley. From the beginning of the war this had been one of Sherman's favorite projects. It was a West ern feeling that the river must be opened, that the valley must belong to one people. Sherman saw service in responsible com mands in the Shiloh- Corinth campaign. At Shiloh, he, like the other Federal and Confederate commanders, wras hardly at his best; all of them still had much to learn. But in the rather uneventful Corinth military promenade, Sherman be gan to show his wonderful capacity for making marches count as much as fighting. He was now regarded as one of the best minor leaders, was no longer, considered insane, and was made a major-general of volunteers as a reward for his services in the campaign.
In the Vicksburg campaign of 1863, which completed the opening of the Mississippi and cut in two the Confederacy, Sherman bore a conspicuous part, first under McClernand and
[88]
|
a |
jPj |
|
!£pV 1 |
|
|
^ j |
a |
Nathan Kimball Led a Division in the Fourth Corps.
Samuel Beatty, Leader of a Brigade in the Fourth Corps.
William B. Hazen Commanded a Division under McPherson.
J. M. Corse "Held the Fort" at Ala
LEADERS IX THE ATLANTA
CAMPAIGN GROUP No. 3
Joseph F. Knipe, Leader of a Brigade in the Twentieth Corps.
GENERAL OFFICERS WHO LED BRI GADES OR DIVISIONS IN THE HUN DRED DAYS' MARCHING AND FIGHTING FROM RESACA TO ATLANTA
Charles Candy Led a Brigade in
Geary's Division of the Twentieth
Corps.
later under Grant. It was the successful termination of the Vicksburg campaign which made secure the military reputa tions of both Grant and Sherman. Their good fame was enhanced by the subsidiary campaigns into the interior of Mississippi, and by the battle on Missionary llidge, in Ten nessee. Henceforth, " political " generals were less in evidence and the professional soldiers came to the front. Grant was called to exercise the chief command over all the armies of the Union. To Sherman, who was now made a brigadier-general of regulars, was given the supervision of the entire Southwest, embracing practically all of the military frontier not under Grant's immediate control. He was to direct the chief army which was to strike at the vitals of the lower South, and to exercise general supervision over the military operations in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas, which were designed to make secure the hold of the Federals upon the lower Mississippi valley.
The river was held, and the army of one hundred thousand men, under the immediate command of Sherman, carried to suc cessful conclusion, in 1864-65, three campaigns — that against Atlanta, the " store-house of the Confederacy," for which he was made major-general in the regular army, the march through Georgia to the sea, cutting the Confederacy in two a second time, and the campaign through the Carolinas, which was designed to crush the two principal armies of the South between Sherman's and Grant's forces.
For three months of the Atlanta campaign — May, June, and July — Sherman was pitted against Joseph K. Johnston, one of the Confederacy's greatest generals, the one best qual ified to check Sherman's march. But Johnston, with his smaller force, fell back slowly from one strong position to another, holding each until flanked by Sherman, wrho could make prog ress in no other way. When Atlanta was reached, Johnston was superseded by John B. Hood, who at once initiated an
[90]
M. D. LeggetL Division William Harrow Commanded John \V. Fuller, Leader of a Thoirias W. Sweeny Led a
Leader in Blair's Corps. Division in Logan's Corps, Division in Dodge's Corps. Division in Dodge's Corps.
LEADERS IN THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN— No. 4
PROMINENT LEADERS IX THp] ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND AND THE TENNESSEE IN SHERMAN'S MASTERLY MOVEMENT TO THE HEART OF GEORGIA
George D. Wagner Commanded a Division under Howard.
William F. Harry, Chief of Artillery on Sherman's Staff.
W. W. Belknap, Promoted m John B. Turchin, Leader in William F. Ward Led a Di- John W. Sprague, Leader in Front of Atlanta. the Fourteenth Corps. vision under Hooker. the Sixteenth Corps.
offensive policy but was severely defeated in several battles dur ing the latter days of July and in August. For his success in this campaign, Sherman was made a major-general in the reg ular army. Finally Hood evacuated Atlanta, started on the fatal Tennessee campaign, and left the Federal commander free to move on through the almost undefended country to the Atlantic seaboard.
Sherman had provided for the defense of Tennessee and had garrisoned the important exposed posts which he considered it necessary to retain. On November 12, 1864, communications with the North were severed. He started with sixty-two thou sand men on the " promenade " through Georgia, and for a month was not heard from except through Confederate sources. In December, Savannah was captured and was made a Federal base of supplies. Then began the march to the North through the Carolinas, which was much more difficult than the march to the sea, and Sherman was again confronted with his old antagonist, Joseph E. Johnston, who had been placed in command of the remnants of the Confederate forces. But the contest was more unequal than it had been in 1864, and when Lee surrendered in Virginia, Johnston in North Carolina gave up the struggle, and the war wras practically at an end.
Here it is proper to add an estimate of the military quali ties of the great Federal commander. Like the other success ful commanders, he attained the fullness of his powers slowly. Not all military experts agree that he \vas a great commander on the battlefield, and in his successful campaigns he was gen erally pitted against weaker Confederate forces, acting (Hood excepted) uniformly on the defensive. Sherman's armies had no such experiences as did those which opposed Robert E. Lee. He was aided by such blunders of his opponents as wrere never made by Lee. But all agree that under the military and
[92]
Jos. A. Cooper Commanded a Brigade M. F. Force Commanded a Brigade John H. King Commanded a Division in the Twenty-third Corps. under Blair. in the Fourteenth Corps.
LEADERS IX THE
ATLANTA AND NASHVILLE CAMPAIGNS
GENERAL OFFICERS CONSPICUOUS IN SHERMAN'S
ADVANCE AND SOME
WHO PROTECTED THE FLANK
AND REAR OF HIS ARMY
Milo S. Hascall, Leader of a Division in the Twenty-third Corps.
David S. Stanley, Leader of the H. M. Judah Commanded a Division Charles C. Walcutt, Leader of a Fourth Corps ; an All-around Soldier. of the Twenty- third Corps. Brigade in the Fifteenth Corps.
•fc
economic conditions existing in the Southwest, Sherman was preeminently fitted to undertake the task of breaking to pieces the weakening South. He was a great strategist if not so successful as a tactician ; he won more by marches than others by fighting; lie had a genius for large conceptions, and with his clear comprehension of Southern conditions he was able to strike with irresistible force at the weak points in the defense. Thus it was, according to Robert E. Lee, that he was enabled to give the Confederacy a mortal wound before any of its armies surrendered.
One feature of Sherman's campaigns, after leaving At lanta, has been severely criticised. Much of the destruction of private property in Georgia and South Carolina, it is held, was not only unnecessary but amounted to cruelty in depriving the population of the necessities of life. Woodrow Wilson says of the work of the armies under Sherman's command: ' They had devoted themselves to destruction and the stripping of the land they crossed with a thoroughness and a care for de tails hardly to be matched in the annals of modern warfare- each soldier played the marauder very heartily." Sherman himself intimated that the march would " make Georgia howl," and would " make its inhabitants feel that war and ruin are synonymous terms." The most intense feeling on the subject still exists in the communities over which Sherman marched in 1864-65, a feeling which does not exist against any other com mander on either side, nor against Sherman himself in the regions over which he fought before 1864.
That Sherman himself did not intend to go beyond the limits of legitimate warfare is clear, and the unfortunate ex cesses were due mainly to. the somewhat demoralized discipline of the troops, to the fact that they were in the midst of a hostile country, to the increasing bitterness that had developed as the war progressed, to the natural development of the permit ted " foraging " into reckless plundering, and in part to certain characteristics of Sherman himself, which probably affected the
5
ARMY AND CORPS LEADERS WHO ENDED THE WAR IN THE NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST
As Sherman cut the southeastern Con federacy in two by Ms march to the sea, so Sheridan (center of group above) and Canby (shown below) \\iped off the map the theaters of war in the northwest and southwest respectively. With Merritt and Torbert, and the dasliing Custer, Sheridan swept the Shenandoah Valley. Canby, as commander of the military division of West Mississippi, directed the Mobile campaign of March-April, 1865, which resulted in the occupation by the Federals of Mobile and Montgomery. A raid by James H. Wilson (second from right) had prepared the way for this re sult. In May, 1865, Canby received the surrender of the Confederate forces under Generals R. Taylor and E. Kirby Smith, the largest Confederate forces which sur
rendered at the end of the war. The cav alry leaders in the upper picture are, from left to right: Generals Wesley Merritt, David McM. Gregg, Philip Henry Sher idan, Henry E. Davies, James Harrison Wilson, and Alfred T. A. Torbert. Wil son was given the cavalry corps of the military district of the Mississippi in 1865, and Torbert commanded the cav alry corps of the Army of the Shenandoah under Sheridan. These six great leaders are among the men who handled the Federal cavalry in its last days, welding it into the splendid, efficient, aggressive, fighting force that finally overwhelmed the depleted ranks of their Confederate opponents, Forrest and WTieeler in the West and Rosser, Lomax, Stuart, the two Lees and Hampton in the East.
GENERAL EDWARD R. S. CANBY
|
1 |
fj |
I ^ i a ^ |
|
|
I I i s s a f a I \ r L ^ |
|||
|
s 0 0 a s a t S b a u |
|||
|
JL |
W J Q I |
w r« . |
| |
|
c |
j |
||
|
/ |
policy of his corps commanders, who were more directly charged with the conduct of the troops. But if Sherman was merciless in war, he was superbly generous when the fighting was over.
When Grant was made President, Sherman succeeded him as general of the army, and knowing Grant's views to coincide with his own, he hoped so to reorganize the army that the com manding general, not the Secretary of War, would be the real head of the army. With Grant's assistance the reforms were undertaken, but they lasted less than a month, the political pres sure upon the President in favor of the old system being too strong for him to bear. Sherman and Grant then drifted apart ; the former could do little toward carrying out his plans for the betterment of the army, and finally, to escape unpleas ant treatment, he removed his headquarters to St. Louis where he remained until President Hayes invited him to return to Washington and inaugurate his cherished plans of army ad ministration. This pleasing professional situation continued until Sherman's retirement, in 1884.
During his later years, he spent most of his time in New York among old army associates, attending reunions, making speeches at soldier's celebrations, and putting his papers in order for the use of future historians. Pie died in New York on February 14, 1891, aged seventy-one years. He was buried, as he wished, in St. Louis, by the side of his wife and his little son, who had died nearly thirty years before. Inconspicuous among the many generals who went to New York to do honor to the dead leader was a quiet old gentleman in civilian dress- Sherman's ablest antagonist in war, Joseph K. Johnston, and by the side of the grave at St. Louis was one of his old Louisi ana colleagues, proud of his unique experience, " a professor under Sherman and a soldier under ' Stonewall ' Jackson."
|
l^i 1£2 |
||
|
Pi |
n |
|
|
Is J / |
w 0 j |
. |
|
c |
IV
JACKSON
THOMAS J. JACKSON IN THE FORTIES
A PORTRAIT TAKEN DURING THE MEXICAN WAR,
WHERE JACKSON SERVED AS A SECOND
LIEUTENANT, THE YEAR AFTER HIS
GRADUATION FROM WEST POINT
STONEWALL JACKSON— A MEMORY
BY ALLEN C. REDWOOD
Fifty -fifth Virginia Regiment, Confederate States Army
WHEN the early details of the first important collision between the contending forces in Virginia, in 1861, be gan to come in, some prominence was given to the item relating how a certain brigade of Virginia troops, recruited mostly from the Shenandoah valley and the region adjacent to the Blue Ridge, had contributed, largely by their steadiness under fire, almost for the first time, to the sustaining of the hard-pressed and wavering Confederate left flank, and the subsequent con version of what had threatened to be a disastrous defeat to the Southern arms into a disorderly and utter rout of the opposing army.
War was a very new experience to most of that genera tion, and the capacity for absorbing sensational bulletins was commensurate with the popular expectation, if it did not ex ceed it. Those of us who were as yet doing the commonplace duty of detached garrisons, were consumed with envy of our more fortunate comrades who had taken part in what then seemed the great battle of the war and which our inexperience even conjectured might determine the pending issues. A man who had " been at Manassas " might quite safely draw upon his imagination to almost any extent in relating its happen ings, with no fear that the drafts would not be duly honored by our credulity. As to the civilian element, its appetite was bounded only by the supply ; like poor little Oliver Twist, it con tinually presented its porringer, eagerly demanding " more! "
Of this mass of fiction — of unthreshed grain— there re mains yet one kernel of veracious history, and the incident was predestined to exercise significant and far-reaching influence
[98]
THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON
AS FIRST LIEUTENANT, U. S. A.
Jackson's very soul impressed itself on the glass of this early negative through his striking features — more clearly read than later, when a heavy beard had covered the resolute lips, and the habit of command had veiled the deep-seeing, somber eyes. When the quiet Virginia boy with the strong religious bent graduated eighteenth in his class of seventy from West Point in 1846, his comrades little thought that he was destined to become the most suddenly famous of American generals. The year after his graduation he attracted attention by his performances as lieutenant of artillery under General Scott in Mexico, and was brevetted captain and major for bravery at Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec. Fourteen years later he earned his sobriquet of "Stonewall" in the first great battle of the Civil War. Within twro years more he had risen to international fame — and received his mortal wound on the field of battle. He wras reserved, almost som ber with his men, yet he earned the love and enthusiastic devotion of the soldiers who came to be known as "Jackson's foot cavalry," so unparalleled were the marches they made under his leadership. They came to trust his judgment as infallible, and in spite of overwhelming odds they followed no matter where he led. [D-7]
upon the struggle, then in its very inception. In that fiery bap tism, a man still unknown to fame was to receive, at the hands of a gallant soldier about to surrender his soul to the Maker who gave it, the name which, to the world, was to supplant that conferred by his natural sponsors, and by which he will ever be known as among the great captains of his race and of history. The supreme effort of the Federal commander was directed against the left of the army of Johnston and Beauregard and upon the open plateau surrounding the Henry house. The battle was raging furiously, and seemingly the Southern line at that point was on the verge of utter disaster, when the Caro linian, General Barnard E. Bee, rode from his shattered and wavering brigade over to where Jackson still held fast with his mountain men.
" General," he said in tones of anguish, " they are beating us back."
"No, sir," was the grim reply; "we will give them the bayonet." Bee rode back and spoke to his brigade: " Look at Jackson there, standing like a stone wall. Rally behind the Virginians! " and the front of battle was restored. The rest is history.
Thus it came to pass that popular inquiry began as to who this man Jackson might be, and what were his credentials and antecedents. The young cadets from the Virginia Military Institute, who promptly flocked to the colors of the State and of the Confederacy, could give but little satisfactory informa tion; to their boyish minds he was just " Old Jack," instructor in natural philosophy and artillery tactics, something of a mar tinet and stickler for observance of regulation, and, on the whole, rather " queer " and not at all approachable. That he should be in command of a brigade seemed to them due far more to some peculiar fortune than to any inherent fitness re siding in him. True, he was said to have graduated from the
[ioo]
JACKSON— HIS MOST REVEALING PHOTOGRAPH
A PICTURE SECURED ONLY BY THE URGING OF GENERAL BRADLEY T. JOHNSON
Jackson, a modest hero, nearly always shrank from being photographed. At the height of his fame he answered a publisher's letter with a refusal to write the desired magazine article or to send any picture of himself, though the offer was a very flattering one. The photograph above was made in Winchester, in February, 1802, at the Rontzohn gallery, where Jackson had been persuaded to spend a few minutes by the earnest entreaties of General Bradley T. John son. Some five months later Jackson was to send Banks whirling down the Shenandoah Valley, to the friendly shelter of the Potomac and Harper's Ferry, keep three armies busy in pursuit of him, and finally turn upon them and defeat two of them. This, with the profile portrait taken near Fred- ericksburg, shown on page 115 of Volume II, represents the only two sittings of Jackson during the war. Captain Frank P. Clark, who served three years in close association with the general, considered this the best likeness.
United States Military Academy, and was known to have been a some-time officer of the army, serving in Magruder's battery in Mexico during the campaign of Scott from Vera Cruz to the capital city.
It was even intimated that he had won certain brevets there for service at Vera Cruz, Contreras, and Chapultepec, rising from the grade of second lieutenant to that of major within a period of eighteen months, but to the youthful sense all that was very ancient history, of a piece with the Pelopon- nesian War, for instance, and the mists of antiquity hung about the record and made its outlines very vague. To the young, ten years seems a great while, and during that period their reticent, rigid instructor had been quite out of touch with any thing military other than their cadet battalion or the gun de tails of the institute battery of 6-pounders, with human teams, which it was his duty to put through their evolutions on the drill-ground.
The human side of this man has almost no record during these years, apart from what comes to us through the letters to his wife ; he was not a man who wore his heart on his sleeve, and life seems to have always been to him as a trust, for which he held himself strictly accountable, and which was not to be squandered in trivialities of any sort. As we know now, he had much to do, and the time for it wras to be all top brief for its full accomplishment; yet he seems to have been not quite devoid of some sense of humor, in spite of his habitual reserve and aloofness.
It is related that upon one occasion, at this stage of his career, he propounded to his class this question, " Young gen tlemen, can any of you explain to me the reason why it has never been possible to send a telegraphic despatch from Lex ington to Staunton? " Several theories were advanced, such as that the presence of iron ore in the surrounding mountains might have had the effect of deflecting the electric current. At last, one boy — the dullard of the class, usually — suggested,
102]
"STONEWALL" AND THE MEN WHO BORE HIS ORDERS
Their honors came not easily to Jackson's staff officers. Tire' ess himself, regardless of all personal comforts, he seemed to consider others endowed with like qualities. After a day of inarching and righting it was no unusual thing for him to send a staff member on a thirty or forty mile ride. He was on terms of easy friendship and confidence with his aides off duty, but his orders were explicit and irrevocable. He had no confidants as to his military designs — quite the opposite: Before starting on his march to Harper's Ferry he called for a map of tin; Pennsylvania frontier, and made many inquiries as to roads and localities to the north of Frederick, whereas his route lay in the opposite direction. His staff, like his soldiers, first feared his apparent rashness, and then adored him for his success.
§>tmtnuall Jarksnn
diffidently, that it might he owing to the fact that there was no telegraph line then existing between the two points. ' Yes, sir," replied Major Jackson; " that is the reason."
But, in the main, he was eminently practical and almost totally lacking in the minor graces and frivolities which render men socially possible, and, had not the great occasion arisen which was to afford scope for his ability, it seems as if he must have entirely escaped notice for the rest of his life. We are prone to look at things in that light, ignoring the fact that it is the man who has kept up his training who is ready and fit to seize opportunity when it shall present itself. Jackson had been " in training " all the while, even though no one — not even himself— may have suspected to what purpose.
This is the man who, more than any other, saved the da\ for the Confederacy at Manassas (First Bull Run), in 18(>1. Then he disappeared from view — a way he had, as his antag onists were to learn later — for a while, and at one time it seemed as if the theater of active operations was to know his presence no more, when, in response to an order from the War Depart ment in Richmond, along writh his acquiescence, he tendered his resignation from the command he then held.
Fortunately, this document wrent through the headquar ters of his superior, General Joseph E. Johnston, who before forwarding it wrote to Jackson asking reconsideration, and so the services of the latter were retained to the Confederacy, and we were to hear much of his doings from that time until his untimely and tragic death. But in the months immediately succeeding Bull Run, he wras almost lost sight of, and it was only at the opening of the campaign of 1862 that he began to loom again upon the military horizon.
The fortunes of the young Confederacy seemed then at a low ebb; from all the western portion came bulletins of dis aster. In Virginia, a vast. Federal host had been marshaled and was about to begin closing in upon the capital, and
[104]
|
'tell H ^ |
m ^*** '^ . iT^y n |
|
|
'f li_ |
^ o |
7? <_J |
/•^ IK
John Echols, Colonel of a " Stonewall" Regiment at Bull Run; Later Led a Brigade in Lee's Army.
J. D. Imboden, at Bull Run and always with Jackson; Later Commanded a Cavalry Brigade.
W. B. Taliaferro, with Jackson
throughout 1862; Last, at
Fredericksburg.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS WITH JACKSON
Arnold Elzey, a Brigade and
Division Commander under
Jackson and later.
AT THE DAWN
OF HIS BRILLIANT CAREER
Isaac R. Trimble. Where "Stonewall" was, There was Trimble also.
all the outlying posts of the Confederate line were being severally driven in. Johnston had retired from Manassas to the line of the Rappahannock, presently to proceed to York- town, and eventually to retire thence to the Chickahominy. It was while lying there, awaiting McClellan's attack, that we began to get news of very active proceedings in the Valley region, which came to have important bearing upon our for tunes, and in the final issue to determine the contest we were expecting and awaiting in our immediate front.
To those sultry, squalid camps, reeking with malaria and swarming with flies, came from beyond the far-away Blue Ridge stirring and encouraging tidings of rapid march and sudden swoop ; of telling blows where least expected ; of skilful maneuvering of a small force, resulting in the frustrating of all combinations of one numerically its superior, and paralyzing for the time being all the plans of the Federal War Depart ment and the grand strategy of the " young Napoleon " at the head of its armies in the field.
It seemed as if the sobriquet conferred upon Manassas field had become the veriest of misnomers; the "Stonewall" had acquired a marvelous mobility since that July day not yet a year old and had become a catapult instead. And what, per haps, appealed to our personal interest more forcibly was the story of the capture of the rich spoil of war, the supplies, of which we W7ere already beginning to feel the need. Our daily diet of unrelieved bread and bacon grewr fairly nauseating at the thought of the bounty so generously provided by " Commis- saiy-General " Banks, and of the extra dainties inviting pillage in the tents of Israel — but we were to get our share, with ac crued interest, later on.
We had not yet ceased to marvel over these exploits when Jackson executed one of his mysterious disappearances, puz zling alike to friend and foe, and he next announced himself by the salvo of his guns, driving in McClellan's exposed right.
[106]
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
Edward Johnson Led an Inde pendent Command under Jackson in 18C2.
George H. Steuart, Later
a Brigade Commander
in Lee's Armv.
WITH JACKSON
IN 1862
James A. Walker Led a Brigade under Jack son at Antietam.
E. M. Law, Conspicuous at South Mountain and Maryland Heights.
diaries W. Field, Later in Command of one of Longstreet's Divisions.
§>t0tmuall Jarksmt * •*• &
This exposed condition was due to his own activity in the Val ley, which had held McDowell inert upon the Rappahannock with thirty-five thousand muskets which should have been with the force north of the Chickahominy, inviting attack. Jackson rarely declined such invitations; he could scent an exposed flank with the nose of a hound and was " fast dog " following the trail when struck. Besides his habitual celerity of movement, was his promptness in delivering attack, which was an element of liis success.
" The first musket upon the ground was fired," says a dis tinguished English authority, " without giving the opposing force time to realize that the fight was on and to make its dis positions to meet the attack or even to ascertain in what force it was being made." The quiet, retiring pedagogue of the " V. M. I." had not been wasting those ten years in which most of his leisure had been devoted to the study of the campaigns of the great strategists of history, from Cassar to Napoleon, and his discipline in Mexico had given him some useful suggestions for their application to modern conditions. Also it had af forded the opportunity for giving that invaluable asset, the ability to gage the caliber of the men cooperating with him or opposed to him, with most of whom he had come in contact per sonally — a peculiarity of our Civil War, and one of important bearing upon all the operations conducted by officers of the regular establishment who, almost without exception, held high command in both armies.
But as yet we had no personal knowledge of this man who had been so rapidly coming to the fore. His wrork done, and well done, amid the Chickahominy lowlands, he w^as soon to heed the call coming to him from the hill country which gave him birth, and where his most notable service had so far been rendered. His old antagonists were reassembling there as a formidable army and under a new leader, and the line of direct
[108]
A.R.LawtonLecl Eweir.s Old Di vision at the Battle of Antie- tam.
Roswell S.Ripley,
Wounded at
Antietam in
Defense of
Lee's Left
Flank.
R. E. (Colston Commanded Trimble's Division at Chancellorsville.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
WITH JACKSON
Henry Heth Commanded the Light Division at Chancellorsville.
AT ANTIETAM
AND
CHANCELLORS VILLE
Jas. T. Archer Commanded a Brigade at Chancellorsville.
3'f<C^v2/>-2_P £ju m m mum^ %~=L_^S r^
&) $> &
approach to the Confederate capital was to be attempted from that direction. Already he had proceeded thither with his two divisions which had made the Valley campaign — his own and Ewell's — when ours, commanded by A. P. Hill, received orders to join them, and all three were thenceforth incorporated in the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, as long as he commanded it.
We had fought the sharp engagement of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, 1862, and checked Pope's advance to the Rapidan. Then, after some days of rest, we again took the initiative and, crossing the little river, went after him. But the general who had heretofore " seen only the backs of his enemies " did not see fit to await our coming, but made so prompt and rapid a retrograde movement that- even our ex peditious " foot cavalry " could not come up M'ith him before he passed the Rappahannock. It was on this hurried pursuit, passing through Brandy Station, that a figure came riding along the toiling foot column toward the front. He was in no wise remarkable in appearance, and it was with surprise that the writer heard that he was no other than our commander, General " Stonewall " Jackson.
He wore a rather faded gray coat and cap to match — the latter of the " cadet " pattern then in vogue and tilted so far over his eyes that they were not visible, and his mount and gen eral appearance were not distinctive of high rank. In fact, he seemed some courier carrying a message to some general officer on ahead. Despite his West Point training, he was never a showy horseman — in which respect he had a precedent in the great Napoleon. When we took Harper's Ferry, in September of that same year, one of the surrendered garrison remarked, when Jackson was pointed out to him, " Well, he's not much to look at, but if we'd only had him, we'd never have been in this fix."
But within the interval we were to see much of him, and our appreciation speedily penetrated below the surface indica-
[110]
B. D. Fry, Colonel of the 13th Ala bama ; Later led a Brigade in Pickett's Charge.
F. T. Nichols, Wounded in the Flank
Attack on Howard's Corps,
May 2, 1863.
Harry T. Hays, Later Charged the Batteries at Gettj'sburg.
Robert F. Hoke, Later Defender of Peters burg, Richmond and Wilmington.
William Smith, Colonel of the 49th Virginia; Later at Gettysburg
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS
WITH JACKSON
AT THE
LAST-
CHANCEL-
LORSVILLE
J. R. Jones Commanded a Brigade
of Virginians in Trimble's
Division.
F. L. Thomas Commanded a
Brigade in A. P. Hill's
Division.
tions as we came to know and trust the man who conducted us to unfailing victory. Soldiers always forgive the means so that the end may be assured, and no man ever worked his troops harder than did Jackson, or ever awakened in them more in tense enthusiasm and devotion. His appearance never failed to call forth that tumultuous cheer which was part of the battle onset. This was mostly, it must be admitted, in a spirit of mis chief and for the sake of " making ' old Jack ' run," for he never liked an ovation and always spurred out of the demon stration at top speed. Rigid disciplinarian that he was in all essentials, there was not the suspicion of concern with pomp and circumstance in all his make-up. War was to him much too serious an affair to be complicated by anything of the sort, nor was he at all tolerant of excuses when there was work in hand — results alone counted.
At Chantilly, our division commander sent word to him that he was not sure that he could hold his position as his am munition was wet. " My compliments to General Hill and say that the enemy's ammunition is as wet as his, and to hold his ground," was Jackson's reply. Yet, unsparing as he was of his men when the urgency of the occasion demanded it, he was equally unsparing of himself, and, moreover, was always con cerned for their well-being once the emergency was past, realiz ing that all warlike preparation is to the end of lavish expendi ture at the supreme moment. In camp he was always solicitous that the troops should be well cared for, but when it came to take the field,
" What matter if our shoes are worn, What matter if our feet are torn, Quick step — we're with him ere the dawn."
That was " Stonewall Jackson's Way." A purposeful man, obstacles were to him but things to be overcome or ig nored if they stood in the way of his plans. When one of his
[112]
|
ill |
IS \l/^^ |
|
V-^j |
K&j r |
|
\ \ w^ M / |
^ w |
A. II. Colquitt, Later Conspicu ous in the Defense of Petersburg.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
WITH JACKSON
R. L. Walker, Commander of a Light Artillery Brigade.
IN HIS MASTERLY
1863 CAMPAIGN
S. McGowan, Later Com manded the South Caro lina Brigade which Immortalized His Name.
Alfred Iverson, Later at Gettysburg and with Hood at Atlanta.
E. A. O'Neal Charged with His Bri gade in Rodes' First Line at Chancellorsville.
subordinates, after the three days' hard righting of the Second Manassas, preceded by a march of almost a hundred miles within a little more than a like period of time, objected that his men could not march further until they should have received rations, he was promptly put under arrest by Jackson, bent as he was upon following up his advantage and overwhelming Pope's defeated army before it could reach the protection of its entrenched lines at Alexandria, some thirty miles distant.
A master of men, Jackson infused those of his command with much of his own indomitable spirit, as expressed in the lines quoted from the old song of the corps, until they came to take pride in their hardships and privations and to profess a Spartan-like contempt for the sybaritic softness, as they con sidered it, of the other corps of the army. As to their confi dence in his ability to meet and to dominate any situation, it simply had no bounds. In the movement on Manassas and during the engagement, with hostile forces coming from almost every direction, and while as yet we had no tidings of Long- street, we were remote from our base and the foe was in su perior force between; we were footsore and fagged nearly to the limit of human endurance, but there was no faltering in the belief that Jackson saw his way out of the toils which seemed to compass him about, as he had aforetime in the Valley cam paign. Those thin lines never held their ground more tena ciously nor charged with more elan than during those eventful August days.
The last time my eyes were to behold him — how well it comes to mind! — was upon the morning of the fateful May 2, 186.3, before the close of which day was to be ended his career as a soldier. We were moving out by the flank on a little wood land road, where we had been in bivouac the night before; it was a gloomy, overcast morning, as if giving premonition of the calamity to come to us before the next rising of the sun. Before we reached the plank road, in a small opening among
114]
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS OF LOXGSTREET'S CORPS
WHO COOPERAT ED WITH JACK SON IN '62 AND T.3
Lafayette McLaws With Hi? Division Supported Jackson's
Attacks at Harper's Ferry and Chancellorsville :
Later Conspicuous at Gettysburg and
Chickamauga.
Joseph Brevard Kershaw Captured Mary- James L. Kemper Commanded a Brigade Ambrose R. \\right \\ ith His Bngaoe land Heights, Opposite Jackson's Posi- on Jackson's Right at the Second Closed the Pas,* Along the Canal
tion at Harper's Ferry. Battle of Manassas, at Harper's Ferry.
[D-8]
?mm^
Jarbamt •$• * *
the pines were two mounted figures whom we recognized as Lee and Jackson. The former was seemingly giving some final instructions, emphasizing with the forefinger of his gantleted right hand in the palm of the left what he was saying — in audible to us. The other, wearing a long rubber coat over his uniform (it had been raining a little, late in the night), was nodding vivaciously all the while.
After the Confederate success at Chancellorsville came Gettysburg. The question is often asked what would have hap pened had Jackson been present on that memorable field- Jackson, the man who was always up to time, if he brought but a fragment of his force with him, and whose " first musket on the ground was fired." As General Fitz Lee significantly related the case, " Suppose Jackson to have been four miles off the field at midnight of July 1st and been advised that General Lee wished the key-point of the enemy's position at tacked next day; would the time of that attack have approxi mated more nearly to 4 A.M. or 4 P.M.? " —for answer, see the verse already quoted. For if the other corps commanders did not " like to go into battle with one boot off," ours would, at a pinch, go in barefoot — but he got there!
In the numerous discussions of the Gettysburg campaign which have come into notice since the event, much space has been given to the comparison of the relative forces of the two armies contending on that field. The disparity under the most liberal estimates inclines always in favor of the Federals, yet it seems to the writer that not enough account has been taken of the most significant shortage on the Confederate side of the balance. Successful battles had been waged and won more than once against greater odds, in point of mere numbers — as at Sharpsburg (Antietam) and Chancellorsville, for instance. But at Gettysburg, we were short just one man — who had been dead just two months — and his name was " Stonewall" Jackson.
V
THE MEANING OF
LOSSES IN WARFARE
MEN OF THE FAMOUS VERMONT BRIGADE, ALL FROM THE ONE STATE, WHICH SUFFERED MORE HEAVILY THAN ANY OTHER FEDERAL
BRIGADE DURING THE WAR WITHIN A WEEK AT THE WILDERNESS
AND SPOTS YLVANIA, IT LOST 1,645 OUT OF 2,100 EFFECTIVE MEN
THE REGIMENT THAT SUSTAINED THE GREATEST LOSS OF ANY IX THE
UNION ARMY
In the assault on Petersburg, June 18, 1864, these boys from Maine, serving as infantry, sustained the greatest loss of any one regiment in any one action of the war. Before the site where Fort Stedman was subse quently built 035 men were killed and wounded out of nine hundred engaged, a loss of over seventy per cent. m seven minutes. Such slaughter has never been paralleled in any warfare, ancient or modern. Of all the regiments in the Union armies this regiment lost most during the four years. Twenty-three officers and 400 enlisted men were killed and mortally wounded, and two hundred and sixty died of disease. The First Maine Heavy Artillery was organized at Bangor, and mustered in August 21, 18<r2. It left the State for Washington on August 24th. This section of the tremendous regimental quota — eighteen hundred men — is drilling at Fort Simmer in the winter of 1803. The men little imagine, as they go skilfully through their evo-
[118]
COPYRIGHT, 1911, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
THE FIRST MAINE HEAVY ARTILLERY DRILLING IN FORT SUMNER,
ON A WINTER'S DAY OF '63
itions in the snow, that the hand of death is to fall so ruthlessly on their ranks. From the defenses of Wash- igton they went to Belle Plain, Virginia, on May 15, 1864, as a part of Tyler's Heavy Artillery Division, 'our days later, at Harris's Farm on the Fredericksbnrg Road, the first of their great disasters fell upon them, i this engagement their killed numbered eighty-two, their wounded 394, and their missing five. Less than month later came the awful slaughter at Petersburg. The remnant of the regiment served until its fall, .pril 2, 1865. After taking part in the Grand Review at Washington and remaining in its defenses till Sep- imber llth, the organization was mustered out, and ordered to Bangor, Maine. On September 20, 1865, le survivors of this "fighting regiment" were mustered out. The Second Wisconsin Infantry lost a greater ercentage in killed during its whole term — 19.7 per cent, as against 19.2 per cent, in the First Maine.
LOSSES IN THE BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR, AND WHAT THEY MEAN
BY HILARY A. HERBERT
Late Colonel, Eighth Alabama Infantry, Confederate States Army, and late Secretary of the Navy of the United States
STATISTICS of losses in battles do not furnish an unfail ing test of courage. Mistakes of officers, unavoidable sur prises — these, now and then, occasion losses that soldiers did not knowingly face, and there are sometimes other reasons why the carnage in a particular command in this battle or that does not with accuracy indicate steadfast bravery. Such statistics, however, as all military experts agree, do tell a graphic story, when exceptional instances are not selected.
Colonel Dodge, in his " Bird's-Eye View of Our Civil War," exhibits statistics showing the percentage of losses in the most notable battles fought since 1745, and from them de duces this conclusion, " It thus appears that in ability to stand heavy pounding, since Napoleon's Waterloo campaign, the American has shown himself preeminent."
Colonel Dodge would have been justified in going much further. Waterloo itself, the most famous of the world's bat tles, does not show such fighting as Americans did at Sharps- burg (Antietam), Gettysburg, or Chickamauga.
In " Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War," by Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. R. Henderson, a British military expert, is a complete list of killed and wounded in great battles from 1704 to 1882, inclusive. Since Eylau, 1807, there has been no great battle in which the losses of the victor — the pun ishment he withstood to gain his victory — equal the twenty- seven per cent, of the Confederates in their victory at Chicka mauga.
The Henderson tables give the losses of both sides in each
^ [120]
MEN OF THE FIFTH GEORGIA
MORE THAN HALF THIS REGIMENT WAS KILLED AN'D WOUNDED AT THE BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA
Lounging beneath the Stars and Bars are eight members of an Augusta, Georgia, company — The " Clinch Rifles.' ' Their new parapher nalia is beautifully marked "('. R." They have a negro servant. In a word, they are inexperienced Confederate volunteers of May, lS(il, on the day before their company became a part of the Fifth Georgia Regiment. Pass to November, 1803; imagine six of the sol diers in the group lying dead or groaning with wounds, and but three unhurt, — and you have figured the state of the regiment after it was torn to shreds at the battle of Chickamauga. It was mustered in for twelve months at Macon, Georgia, May 11, 1801, being the last regiment taken for this short term. The Sixth Georgia and those following were mustered in for three years or the war. The Clinch Rifles were sent to garrison Pensacola, Florida, where General Braxton Bragg would occasionally come from his headquarters, eight miles away, to drill them. The ten companies were all from towns, or cities, and nicely uniformed, though each in a different style. This led Bragg to name them his "Pound Cake Regiment." In July and August, 1802, the Fifth marched from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Bardstown, Kentucky, thence to the eastern part of the State, and down through Cumberland Gap to Knoxville, 800 miles in all. It lost heavily in the battle of Murf reesboro. At bloody Chickamauga, September 19 and 20, 1803, its killed and wounded were more than 54 per cent, of the regiment — surpassed by few organizations in history. It suffered again at Missionary Ridge, and in the spring of 1804, when it stood against Sherman through the Atlanta campaign. The regiment fought on through the campaigns from Savannah, Georgia, up to North Carolina, and in the last combat at Bentonville, North Carolina. It surrendered at Greensboro, April, 20, 180,5.
battle, but indicate the percentage of those suffered by the vic tors only. These show fighting losses. In losses by a defeated army, those received in retreating cannot be separated from those received in righting. If, however, a defeated army is not routed, but retires, still in fighting condition, and the foe is so crippled that he cannot make effective pursuit, as was the case at Chickamauga, or if the defeated army does not leave the field at all, until, say, twenty-four hours after the battle, as was the case with the Confederates at Sharpsburg and Gettys burg, the losses on both sides are to be counted as fighting losses, and their percentage is a fair measure of " capacity to stand pounding,"
Gaged, then, by this standard, which for large armies in a great battle is absolutely fair, Waterloo is eclipsed by Get tysburg; Gettysburg is eclipsed by Sharpsburg, and Sharps- burg eclipsed by Chickamauga.
Here are some of Colonel Henderson's percentages, which tell the story, the percentage of the Federal losses at Chicka mauga being calculated from Henderson's figures. At Water loo, the victors' loss was twenty per cent. At Gettysburg, the victors lost also twenty per cent. But, at Waterloo, the French army dissolved; at Gettysburg, the Confederates held to their position nearly all the following day, and the majority of the Confederates did not know they had been defeated there until after the war.
At Sharpsburg, their victory cost the Federals not twenty, but twenty-three per cent., and the Confederates held fast to their position all the next day.
At Chickamauga, their victory cost the Confederates twenty-seven per cent., and the Federals, inflicting this loss, retreated; but General Thomas, the " Rock of Chickamauga," still held fast to prevent pursuit, and Rosecrans' army was ready to fight the next day. At Waterloo, the entire loss in killed and wounded, of the French, was thirty-one per cent.
[122]
1, REVIEW OF REVIEWS CO.
OFFICERS OF A WESTERN FIGHTING REGIMENT— THE 36TH ILLINOIS
Of the Illinois regiments the Thirty-sixth fought in every important battle of the entire war in Western ter ritory, and suffered in killed alone a loss of no less than 14.8 per cent., a figure exceeded among Illinois organ izations only by the 14.9 per cent, of the Ninety-third. No Federal regiment lost as much as 20 per cent, killed and only 200 out of the 3,559 organizations as much as ten per cent. The Thirty-sixth Illinois lost 204 men out of a total enrollment of 1,376. These figures refer to deaths alone, excluding wounded and missing. At the battle of Stone's River, Tennessee, the regiment lost forty-six killed, 151 wounded, and fifteen missing, a total of 212. This was its heaviest blow in any one battle. It fought at Pea Ridge, an early engagement in the West, at Chaplin Hills, at the bloody battle of Chickamauga, and on the corpse-strewn slopes of Mission ary Ridge. It fought under Sherman from Resaca to Atlanta, and when that general marched away on his expedition to the coast, the Thirty-sixth turned back to suffer its fourth largest loss in killed at the battle of Franklin, and to help Thomas crush Hood at the battle of Nashville. Such were the Western fighting regiments.
A REGIMENT THAT LOST
14.8% IN KILLED ALONE
ILLINOIS
INFANTRY IN THE
WEST
OFFICERS OF THE 36TH ILLINOIS
This loss utterly destroyed the army. The Federals at Chicka- mauga withstood a loss practically the same — thirty per cent. —and still successfully defied the Confederates to attack them in Chattanooga.
The percentage of loss in battle by an entire army is, of course, obtained by including all present — those participating slightly, or even not at all, as well as those who bore the brunt of the fight.
Bearing this in mind, the reader will note to the credit of these troops that the dreadful losses sustained at Sharpsburg by the Fifteenth Massachusetts, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, Ninth New York, Twelfth Massachusetts, First Delaware, and other regiments; at Stone's River, December ,31, 1802, by the Eighteenth United States Infantry, Twenty-second Illinois, and other regiments; at Gettysburg, by the Twenty- fourth Michigan, One hundred and eleventh New York, First Minnesota, One hundred and twenty-sixth New York, and One hundred and fifty-first Pennsylvania, were all suffered while the Federals were winning victories — suffered fighting, not in retreating.
So, also, the losses at the Wilderness of the Second Ver mont, Fourth Vermont, and Ninety-third New York, oc curred when the Federals, for the most part, held their ground. And nearly all the astonishing losses of the Confederate regi ments were suffered when they were either winning victories or stubbornly holding on to the field of battle.
Altogether, the casualties in the greatest of the battles of the Civil War, whether considered in the aggregate or in the tragic light of regimental losses, make up a \vonderful record.
In " Etude sur les caracteres generalize de la guerre d'Ex- treme Orient" par Le Capitaine Brevete F. Cullmann. Paris, 1909, the percentage of Federal losses at Gettysburg is given
[124]
COMMANDERS OF UNION BRIGADES CONSPICUOUS FOR LOSSES
These brigades from the Armies of the Potomac, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, are mentioned specifically by Colonel William F. Fox, on account of their notable losses in action.
Iron Brigade
SOLOMOX MEREDITH
Originally Colonel of the 19th
Indiana.
Michigan Cavalry Brigade
PETER STAGG Originally Colonel of the 1st
Michigan Cavalry.
Barker's Brigade
LUTHER P. BRADLEY
Originally Colonel of the
51st Illinois.
Vermont Brigade
LEWIS A. GRANT
Originally Colonel of the 5th
Vermont.
First Nov. Jersey Brigade
WILLIAM H. PENROSE
Originally Colonel of the
15th New Jer«ev.
Iowa Brigade
WILLIAM W. BELKNAP
Originally Colonel of the
loth Iowa.
Willich's Brigade
AUGUST WILLICH
Originally Colonel of the 32d
Indiana.
Opdycke's Brigade
EMERSON OPDYCKE
Originally Colonel of the
125th Ohio.
Excelsior Brigade
JOSEPH B. CARR
Originally Colonel of the 2d
New York.
Philadelphia Brigade
DE WITT CLINTON BAXTER
Originally Colonel of the 72d
Pennsylvania.
Irish Brigade
THOMAS FRANCIS MEAOHER
Commanded the Brigade
in 1802.
Steedman's Brigade
JAMES B. STEEDMAN
Originally Colonel of the
14th Ohio.
Waning nf lattle I0000r0
as twenty-three, the Confederate loss as thirty-two ; the Japa nese loss at Mukden as 14.1 and at Lio-Yang as 18.5. These were the bloodiest of the much lauded Japanese victories. This fighting does not compare with that in the American Civil War.
In the great Franco-Prussian war there is but one battle in which the percentage of the victor's loss is at all in the same class in the American Civil War, and that is Vionville, 1870, where the victor's loss was twenty-two, as compared with twenty-seven at Chickamauga. So it may be said fairly that, for a century, the world has seen no such stubborn fighter as the American soldier.
In studying the statistics of the various regiments whose losses are tabulated in this volume, the reader will discover that very many of these were suffered in great battles, the na ture of which has been told briefly ; and he must remember that neither of the armies suffered at any time any such signal defeat as would account for very heavy losses. The First Manassas (Bull Run) is no exception to this. The Confed erates did not follow, and their losses in killed and wounded were heavier than those of the Federals.
What some of the foreign military experts think of us as fighters we may learn by extracts taken from their writings, italicizing at will. The late Lieutenant-Colonel Henderson was professor of military art and history at the Staff College of Great Britain. He says, in his " The Science of War " :
The War of Secession was waged on so vast a scale, employed so large a part of the manhood of both North and South America, aroused to such a degree the sympathies of the entire nation, and, in its brilliant achievements, both by land and sea, bears such splendid testimony to the energy and fortitude of their race, that in the minds of the American people it has roused an interest which shows no sign of abating.
Further on in the same essay he states :
Now, if there is one thing more than another apparent to the stu dent of the Civil War, it is that the soldiers on both sides were exceed ingly well matched in courage and endurance.
[126]
WILLIAM T. WOFFORD
Led his Brigade in the Maryland, Gettysburg, Wilderness and Shenandoah Campaigns.
DANIEL S. DONELSON
Led his Brigade in the Tennessee Campaign, notablv at Murfreesboro.
ROBERT H. ANDERSON Colonel of the 5th Georgia Cavalry; Pro moted Brigadier-General July 26, 1864.
. t
JAMES H. LANE
Led his Brigade at Frederioks-
burg, Gettysburg and in the
Wilderness Campaign.
WILLIAM B. BATE Led his Brigade in Bragg's Ten nessee Campaigns, notably at Chickamauga.
ROGER ATKINSON PRYOR Fought his Brigade on the Pen insula, where it bore a con spicuous part at Seven Pines.
CADMUS M. WILCOX
Led his Brigade at Manassa?
Fredericksburg, Chancellors-
ville and Gettysburg.
'•>
<
WINFIELD SCOTT FEATHERSON
Originally Colonel of the 17th Mississippi;
Promoted for Gallantry at Ball's Bluff;
Led his Brigade on the Peninsula.
HENRY L. BENNING
Led his Brigade in the Principal Battles of
Longstreet'3 Corps, including Gettysburg,
Chickamauga and the Wilderness.
EDWARD AYLESWORTH PERRY
Commanded a Regiment on the Peninsula;
was wounded at Frayser's Farm: Led his
Brigade atGettysburg and theWilderuess.
COMMANDERS OF CONFEDERATE BRIGADES WHICH SUFFERED HEAVILY IN BATTLE
The forces here credited with these " brilliant achieve ments " in 1861-65 are now thoroughly united, and would stand shoulder to shoulder against a foreign foe. Our popula tion has increased threefold, while our military resources, our capacity to equip and to convey food to armies, to manufac ture arms, and to build ships, even in the interior if need be, has increased tenfold. Our rivers still traverse the land, but the art of mining waters, practised with some success by the Con federates, has developed until no foe would think of exploit ing these rivers with vessels in advance of troops.
Aye, but the spirit of our people, say the alarmists— we have lost patriotism, become commercialized, money-mad, and have now no militant instinct. To an old Confederate this prattle about our people being " commercialized " is es pecially amusing. It carries him back to 1860-61. In the hot sectional animosities that brought on the war he had im bibed that same idea about the North — the " Yankee " now worshiped " the Almighty Dollar," and in his all-absorbing struggle for it had lost the spirit that animated his forefathers at Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Saratoga. When the news of Manassas came, many an ambitious Confederate who was so unfortunate as not to have been there, felt like going into mourning. He was never to have a chance to " flesh his maiden sword." But the young Confederate was miscalcula ting. The exasperated North roused itself, after Manassas, like an angry lion pricked by the spear of the hunter, and soon we were to hear its roar.
In reference to inexperienced volunteers, it must be said, as every veteran of the Civil War knows, that it was not always the oldest regiments that were the bravest. In the gallant, though finally unsuccessful, assault that was made by the Fed erals at Salem Church, May 3, 1863, just where the Confed erate line was broken for a time, the official reports show that the One hundred and twenty-first New York was in the fore-
128]
MAJ.-GKN. JAMES B. McPHEnsox Atlanta. July 22. 1864.
MA.I.-GEN. Jos. K. MANSFIELD Antietam. Seotember IS, 1864.
Spotsylvauia, May 9, 1864.
MA.I.-GEN. JOHN F. REYNOLDS Gettysburg, July 1, 1863.
FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE— GROUP No. 1— ARMY AND
CORPS COMMANDERS
On this and the following six pages are portraits of the fifty-one Union generals killed in battle. Beneath each portrait is the date and place of death, or mortal wounding. Since no such pictorial necrology existed to aid the editors of this History, many questions arose1 — such as the determination of the actual rank of an officer at a given date, or the precise circumstances of death in certain instances. The list of Colonel W. F. Fox, presented in his work on "Regi mental Losses in the Civil War," has been followed.
ffiraitmn nf SottLr llassrs
front, and its gallant Colonel Upton in his report says this was the regiment's first battle. Its loss, as officially reported. was two hundred and twenty-two killed and wounded.
At Fredericksburg. December 13. 18»>-2. Franklin with the Federal left broke through Jackson's lines. The Confederates restored their line after heavy losses, and in this counterstroke 2 Xorth Carolina regiment, fresh from home, drove headlong through the Northern fines and was with difficulty recalled. The apology of one of its privates, when it got back into line. caused a laugh all through the army. * If we had a-knowed how to fight Kke yon fellows, we could have done better ! "
B V: ": '.':_• : I:' \ " .1 . ' : ' "! [. 'I ". -
isckfm Stoat en. by Major Scheibert, of the German Engineer .. 7 :.-.:. IT i M:
After tfc*r Eor>>p«r:.vn cAvaLrv Lad bten dL 1S54 in*! 18o9. the American mounted troo]
;" " . -
: - - _ For the 1
cavalry. We oxiti not Eelp -?-ympathizing with the ri^e of the true
• ' ~ • • . " many crailant
.
We could multiply indefinitely these extracts, but space forbids. From the preface to the work of Cecil Battine. Cap tain. Fifteenth. Tbe King's. Hussars, entitled: " The Crisis of the Confederacy, and History of Gettysburg and the Wilder ness," the following is taken :
The history of the American Civil War ••till remains the - . - . . - - . . _ _ . . . . .
wa» waged between adreT^aries of the highest intelligence and courage.
. - : -
liteii in the Wctr? of rought gtnuine JOT
' '• •-.--:• -"_•_•_
' - " - ' - " -' _
|
J 1 |
||||
|
«. J |
FEDERAL
<~;ENERAI> KILLED IN BATTLE
MAJOR- GENERAL COMMANDING
DIVISIONS AND CORPS
of some of the Confederate generals, and, in some measure, jealousy at the power of the United States have ranged the sympathies of the world during the war and ever since to a large degree on the side of the van quished. Justice has hardly been done to the armies which arose time and again from sanguinary repulses, and from disasters more demoral izing than any repulse in the field, because they were caused by political and military incapacity in high places, to redeem which the soldiers freely shed their blood, as it seemed, in vain. If the heroic endurance of the Southern people and the fiery valor of the Southern armies thrill us to-day with wonder and admiration, the stubborn tenacity and cour age which succeeded in preserving intact the heritage of the American nation, and which triumphed over foes so formidable, are not less worthy of praise and imitation. The Americans still hold the world's record for hard fighting.
This extract brings to mind that what impressed the Con federate in Lee's army with most admiration for the Army of the Potomac was, not its brave stand at Malvern Hill fol lowing a series of disasters, not its dogged perseverance when attacking an impregnable position at Marye's Heights, not its indomitable spirit at the " bloody angle," Spotsylvania, but the fact that no mistakes of its generals or of the author ities at Washington ever caused it to lose heart. Always and everywhere it fought bravely when given a chance. There never was but one Bull Run. Three successive changes were made in its commanders, from Yorktown to the Wilderness, and yet that gallant army never lost faith in itself, as the following incident illustrates. In the winter of 1863 64, the writer, then an officer in Lee's army, met between the picket lines near Orange Court House, Virginia, a lieutenant of a New York regiment. During our conversation the lieutenant said, " Well, we are on the road to Richmond again." ' Yes," was the reply; " but you will never get there." " Oh, yes, we will after a while," said the lieutenant, " and if you will swap generals with us, we'll be there in three weeks." Just before we parted, the lieutenant proposed, "Here's my toast: May the best man win! " and we drank it heartily.
[132]
BRIG.-GEN.
THOMAS WILLIAMS
Baton Rouge, August 5, 1S62.
BKIG.-GEN. ISAAC P. RODMAN Antietam, September 30, 1862.
BRIG.-GEN.
WILLIAM H. L. WALLACE Shiloh, April 10, 1862.
FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE, GROUP No. 3
BRIG.-GEN.
JAMES E. JACKSON
Chaplin Hills, October 8, 1862.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN. JAMES S. WADSWORTH Wilderness, May 8, 1864.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN.
DAVID A. RUSSELL
Opequon, September 19, 1864.
Major G. W. Redway, referring to the volunteers of the Army of the Potomac, 1864, writes as follows:
The American volunteer who had survived such battles as Bull Run, Shiloh, Antietam, and the Seven Days' fighting around Rich mond, was probably such a soldier as the world had never seen before. He needed no instruction as to his duty in the field, and, in fact, often exercised the functions of instructor both to officers and men less ex perienced than himself.
The impressions Federal and Confederate soldiers made on foreign critics were not lost on themselves. They were testing each other's courage, endurance, and patriotism, and coming to understand the situation as well. Four-fifths of the Confederates had never owned a slave. It was not slavery —both armies were fighting for the preservation of the same free institutions, for what each believed to be his Constitutional rights.
The first step toward reunion was being taken when picket shooting was stopped; and the armies of Northern Vir ginia and of the Potomac went far beyond that, wrhen encamped on opposite banks of the Rappahannock, near Fredericksburg, during the winter and spring of 1862-63. They chatted, traded tobacco for sugar and coffee, and frequently visited each other across the narrow stream. A Confederate officer riding along the bank visiting his outposts was often saluted by a picket across the river, within easy gunshot. Similar compliments passed between pickets in gray and officers in blue. These soldiers were testifying their respect for each other, with little idea, on the part of the Confederates, that they would ever again be fellow countrymen.
Eventually both generals, Hooker and Lee, issued or ders strictly forbidding all intercommunication. Just after these orders, an incident occurred which the writer long ago gave to the newspapers in the hope, which proved vain, that he might hear from the Union soldier. A Confederate officer
[134]
¥
BREVET BRIG.-GEN.
JAMES A. MULLIGAN
Winchester, July 26, 1864.
BRIG.-GEN.
THOS. G. STEVENSON
Spotsylvania, May 10, 1864.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN.
THOMAS A. SMYTH
Farmville, April 9, 1865
BRIG.-GEN.
ROBT. L. McCooK
Decherd, Tenn., August 6, 1862.
FEDERAL
GENERALS
KILLED
IN BATTLE
GROUP No. 4
BRIG.-GEN. NATHANIEL LYON Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861.
BRIG.-GEN.
HENRY BOHLEN
Freeman's Ford, August 22, 1865.
MAJ.-GEN.
GEO. C. STRONG
Fort Wagner, July 30, 1863.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN.
S. K. ZOOK Gettysburg, July 3, 1863.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN.
FREDERICK WINTHROP
Five Forks, April 1, 1865.
BREVET MAJ.-GEN.
ALEXANDER HAYS
Wilderness, May 5, 1S64.
*§1M^
rode suddenly out of the woods on to his picket-post at Scott's dam, just above Banks' Ford. A Federal soldier was nearing the south bank of the river, newspaper in hand. The soldier reluctantly came ashore, insisting that he should be allowed to return; the Confederate pickets had promised it. 'Yes," was the reply, " but they violated orders, and you violated orders on your side when you came over, and I happen to know it. Orders must be obeyed. You are my prisoner." The sol dier, who was a big, manly fellow, stood straight as an arrow, looked the officer in the face, and with tears in his eyes, said: " Colonel, shoot me, if you want to, but for God's sake don't take me prisoner. I have been in the army only six weeks. I have never been in battle, and if I am taken prisoner under these circumstances, I will never get over it — it will always be believed that I deserted."
The officer hesitated for a moment, and then said, " Give me that paper and go, and tell your people you are the last man that will ever come over here and get back." Such an incident at the outset of the war would have been inconceivable.
It was in this spirit of kindly regard for each other that the war between the two armies went on, from Fredericksburg to Appomattox. It manifested itself with increasing tender ness after every bloody battle. It inspired Grant when he said to Lee, " Your men will need their horses to make a crop." It animated Grant's soldiers when they gave no cheer at the surrender, and when they divided their rations with the men who, in tears, laid dowTi their arms. It did not die when the Confederates accepted the results of the war.
Time has only hallowed the memory of the glorious man hood displayed in those days by the men of both armies. The soldiers, had their sentiments prevailed, would soon have bound up the wounds of war, as they did those received in battle. But politicians, for a time, interfered.
[ISO]
KI.ON ,1. FAHNSWORTH Gettysburg
July 3, 1S03.
STEPHEN H. WEED Gettysburg July 2, 1803.
PLEAHANT A. HACKLEMAN
Corinth October 3, 1802.
EDW. P. CHAPIN Port Hudson May 27, 1863.
FEDERAL
GENERALS
KILLED IN
BATTLE
GROUP No. 5 BRIGADIER- GENERALS
VINCENT STRONG
Gettysburg
July 7, 1803.
CONHAD F. JACKSON
Fredericksburg December 13, 1802.
JOSHUA W. SILL
Stone's River December 31, 1802.
GEO. D. BAYARD
Fredericksburg December 14, 1802.
WM. R. TERRILL
Perryville October 8, 1862.
GEO. W. TAYLOR
Manassas (Second Bull Run)
August 31, 1862.
iJfoamug tff lattb
Of untold benefit have been the meeting of the Phila delphia Brigade and Pickett's men at Gettysburg, the visits of Massachusetts soldiers to Richmond, and of Virginia Con federates to Boston, and many similar occasions. These, coupled with the strewing of flowers, in 1867, by Southern women at Columbus, Mississippi, on the graves of Union sol diers, which brought from a Northern man that beautiful poem, " The Blue and the Gray," and a thousand similar in cidents, have resulted in those acts that passed in Congress by unanimous votes, one providing for a Confederate section in Arlington Cemetery, the other looking to the care of the Con federate dead at Arlington and around the Federal prisons in the North.
Presidents Cleveland, McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft have each and all, by deeds and words, had their full share in the work of perfect reunion. And all over the land there are monuments to the dead of the Civil War, bearing inscriptions that will outlast the marble and bronze upon which they are written. Such is the legend on the monument built by the State of Pennsylvania to its dead at Vicksburg, " Here brothers fought for their principles, here heroes died to save their country, and a united people will forever cherish the precious legacy of their noble manhood."
Another such is on a monument erected by the State of New Jersey, and the survivors of the Twenty-third New Jer sey Volunteers at Salem Church, Virginia. On one side is an appropriate inscription to their own dead ; on the other, a bronze tablet bearing this magnanimous tribute, " To the brave Ala bama boys who were our opponents on this field and whose memory we honor, this tablet is dedicated." That is a tribute, not by a Government, but directly by the men who fought to the men who fought them. It is truly noble.
WILLIAM P. SANDERS
Knoxville November 19, IXO-'i.
WILLIAM H. LVTLE
Chickamauga September 20, 1S63.
JAMES C. RICE
Spotsylvania
May 10, 1S64.
CHARI.KS G. HARKER
Kcnesaw Mountain
June 27, 1S04.
FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IX BATTLE
GROUP Xo. 6 BRIGADIER-GENERALS
HlHAM Hi It.\HAM
Fnrt Harrison September :i(), 1SI14.
SAMUEL A. RICE
Jenkins' Ferry
July 6, 1864.
DANIEL MrCooK
Kenesaw Mountain
July 17, 1804.
J. H. KlTfHINIi
Cedar Creek Died January 10, ISO.
DANIEL D. HinwEi.
Cedar C'reek October 19, 1804.
ut Okrat European
COMPILED FROM HENDERSON'S " STONEWALL JACKSON AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR " LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED (EXCLUDING PRISONERS)
THE VICTORIOUS SIDE IS GIVEN FIRST IN EACH CASE
|
BATTLE |
NUMBER OF TROOPS |
KILLED AND TOT\L WOUNDED |
TOTAL PERCENTAGE |
PERCENTAGE OF VICTOR |
|
|
Blenheim, 1704 |
Allies, 56,000 French, (50,000 Allies, 85,000 French, 85,000 Allies, 100,000 French, 100,000 Prussians. 64,000 Austrians, 60,000 Prussians, 32,760 Russians, 52,000 Allies, 70,000 Prussians, 43,000 Prussians, 46,000 Austrians, 60,000 French, 65,000 Allies, 83,000 French, 70,000 Russians, 63,500 Russians, 84,000 French, 85,000 French, 75,000 Russians, 67,000 Austrians, 75,000 French, 95,000 French, 220,000 Austrians, 150,000 French, 125,000 Russians, 138,000 French, 190,000 Allies, 110,000 Allies, 290,000 French, 150,000 French, 73,000 Prussians, 86,000 Allies, 100,000 French, 70,000 Allies, 135,000 Austrians, 160,000 Prussians, 211,000 Austrians, 206,000 Germans, 70,000 French, 98,000 Germans, 200,000 French, 120,000 Turks, 35,000 Russians, 80,000 |
1 1,000 \ 20,000 J 10,000 1 10,000 / 14,000 \ 20,000 / 12,000 1 10,000 / 12,000 \ 20,000 / 14,000 \ 17,0001 12,000 1 12,000/ 9,000 \ 16,000 / 20,000 \ 22,000 / 10,000 \ 12,000 / 10,000 \ 24,000 / 20,000 \ 25,000 / 22,000 \ 22,000 / 30,000 \ 45,000 / 12,000 \ 12,000 / 42,000 1 50,000 / 12,000 \ 12,000 / 20,000 \ 22,000 / 16,500 \ 15,000 / 8,894 \ 18,000 / 15,800 \ 17,000 / 20,000 1 10,0001 16,000 \ 3,000 / |
31,000 20,000 34,000 22,000 32,000 31,000 24,000 25,000 42,000 22,000 34,000 45,000 44,000 75,000 24,000 92,000 24,000 42,000 31,500 26,894 32,800 30,000 19,000 |
26 11 17 17 38 27 22 16 33 13 23 26 11 28 8 20 15 24 10 6 19 9 16 |
19 11 14 18 37 20 26 13 28 11 13 26 10 24 6 14 16 20 11 4 22 10 8 |
|
Oudenarde, 1708 |
|||||
|
Malplaquet, 1709 |
|||||
|
Prague, 1757 |
|||||
|
Zorndorf, 1758 |
|||||
|
Kunnersdorf, 1759 |
|||||
|
Torgau, 1760 |
|||||
|
Austerlitz, 1805 |
|||||
|
Eylau, 1807 |
|||||
|
Heilsberg, 1807 |
|||||
|
Friedland, 1807 |
|||||
|
Aspern, 1809 . . |
|||||
|
Wagram, 1809 |
|||||
|
Borodino, 1812 |
|||||
|
Bautzen, 1813 |
|||||
|
Leipsic, 1813 |
|||||
|
Ligny, 1815 . . |
|||||
|
Waterloo, 1815 |
|||||
|
Solferino, 1859 |
|||||
|
Koniggriitz, 1866 |
|||||
|
Vionville, 1870 |
|||||
|
Gravelotte, 1870 |
|||||
|
Plevna, September 11, 1877. . |
[ 140 ]
GRIFFIN A. STEDMAN, JR.
Petersburg Died August 5, 1804.
GEO. D. WELLS
Cedar Creek October 13, 1864.
SYLVESTER G. HILL
Nashville December 15, 1864.
FEDERAL GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE— GROUP No.
ARTHUR H. DUTTON Bermuda Hundred Died June 5, 1864.
CHARLES R. LOWELL
Cedar Creek October 20, 1864.
THEODORE READ
High Bridge April 6, 1865.
fitt£
$H§
fe 0 5- ^ w O
III
H O
CO
w
r,
o £ S
n ^ r
HH Cj3 £J
^HH
H H a
V2 -fj r^
_j 2Q r— I
•^ : «
|
4 wN GQ |
o |
J, |
co |
*f |
b- |
"* |
X |
t- i-H |
»o |
_ |
no |
CO |
^ |
cs |
'O |
o |
_^a |
|
|
X X <V CS r- CO |
X |
CS CO |
CO |
CO |
CO CO |
0 '0 |
X CO |
S |
0* |
CS CO |
CO |
0 CO |
^ |
CS |
CO |
|||
|
"^3 |
rH I— 1 CO |
1-H |
-1 |
CO |
cs |
§ |
1-H |
CS |
CR |
GO T-H |
•* |
CO |
^ |
'-O |
1-H 1-H |
•<* |
O* rH |
|
|
r- |
||||||||||||||||||
|
tc |
O* I- CO co |
0 0 |
cs 0 CS |
CO CO T— 1 |
6 't1 |
t- X |
X |
CS 1-H x |
o X |
o o X |
CO CO |
I-H O< |
co CO CO |
CO CO |
CO l^ |
CS |
X |
|
|
£ |
-j. |
1-H |
1-H |
<x |
-t |
0-* |
|
1 |
^ |
O |
0-? |
O5 |
1-H 1^- |
I- 0» |
0 -P t- '0 1- rH »0 -< r- |
||||
|
x |
c |
I— 1 |
co o |
r» t- |
COO>CSCOrHCO -fX X |
||||||
|
£ js |
'O |
o-. |
o |
t- |
O' T-H |
CO CO |
•OOCSCOXO CS C |
||||
|
o S |
1-H |
X |
•* |
CO I-H |
J> |
T-H CS T-H 134 -p 1- C- |
|||||
|
CJ C |
1—1 |
||||||||||
|
K |
|||||||||||
|
o |
0 |
0 |
— 1-H |
Q< |
|||||||
|
o |
o |
X »O |
O |
||||||||
|
J> |
o^ |
w |
CO I-H" |
0 |
I-H GC |
x' |
X 1-H |
rH X |
»o o co o ^ <o •* x «; |
||
|
X |
*o |
GO |
i^» CO |
GO t"™ |
O~^ t^^ i^» T-H ii ^i CS O1' Ci |
||||||
|
— |
CO |
<54 |
l^- |
CS |
-f O-J |
•^ |
CO t» "* i.O T-H »O <V CC |
||||
|
1 |
I-H |
co |
<54 T-H I— |
||||||||
|
X 0 |
co co 0* X |
X CO |
I- CS 0 <V |
T-H co o |
l-H i> CO CO co x |
CO CO |
CS CO -f <O |
vp co <O 'O |
COOOrHl-HCO COl-H Ol rH CS Q4 T-H «f5 'O O O O: |
||
|
3 |
o* |
r— I ~( |
1-H |
co r» |
•0 |
co |
X |
»O <3^ |
CO »f5 |
i-H'^f'jf'HCrHO^ *>TrH CO |
|
|
0 |
1-H |
1-H |
l-H |
||||||||
|
t* |
i-H |
I-H -riff CS <3< |
1-H o |
»O CO X l- x co |
CO |
»O CO o co 1-H X |
CO o |
<o -^ I- CS O '0 |
X CO JO O CS CO |
'OCO-^'OCOCS COCS CO GO'iOO^rHCOCO XG4 b" |
|
|
w |
1-H |
O' |
o^ |
CO |
CO |
*o -^ |
I-H CO »C |
||||
|
•" .22 |
|||||||||||
|
' es <*< |
|||||||||||
|
c yt , |
1-H |
1-H X c>> o |
o X |
X C O T-4 |
-t OS |
0 0 |
'O |
3i '° |
^ -^ |
COCSrHi-HCOO °^ 2S ** |
|
|
lj Z |
0 |
l~~* 1-H |
-t -t |
'.0 |
O^ T-H |
o^ |
C -f |
co x |
"f 'O X X X CO 'OX 'O |
||
|
1-H |
o< |
X 1-H |
CO |
CO |
*^H |
X 1-H |
X |
rH CS rH CV CS l"~ |
|||
|
•3 |
|||||||||||
|
3 |
|||||||||||
|
•e |
1-H X |
co o 0-' O |
GO O |
•^ CO 'O '0 |
o o |
CS "* |
GW |
Zj -F |
-f CO r$i O |
'O X 'O 'O 'O -f 1"~ *f* *O (^ O 'O -t l^ X l^ CO l- |
|
|
1 |
-t |
O-' |
T-H |
t- |
X |
^ — |
_^, ^ |
i- CO |
T-H |
COrHOOXrH'J* COrH i(^ (3-> T-H T-H I-H |
|
|
CS |
^r |
i--' ^ r |
|||||||||
|
a; |
O CO |
u |
T « 5> |
||||||||
|
<v |
5 |
§ |
CH |
dp |
--1 c - |
||||||
|
1-H 1-H |
CO X |
- |
i-s |
X |
CO "o 9J t* |
||||||
|
CO -~ |
ftj |
1-H |
o~^ |
c3 |
^. |
^•t |
^^ f^ fj>> ^^ ^^1 fp |
||||
|
00 ^ ' 1 |
CO X |
1-H |
CO x o-» |
> |
03 |
~ X |
b£ ^5 |
7-1 'Si Q* CO . X 2 -jT •> co 0° ? '-' ^ |
|||
|
1-H co X l-H |
o' 3i 1-H tb "S 6 2 |
X 1-H I- |
cb '.o' X 1 1-H Tf< !" ^ |
1-H CO |
^ X o --1 5i o5 , 3 |
.2 -(-< 03 +3 rfi <u bC c3 |
- CO 0; X 13 ^ ^) K^ ^^ l^a O 3 |
"3 cs' 1 bJD |
_r cT K^ CO ^^ |
• '-H CO ' . , ^ CO' ^° rH OJ a ^ ?3 co i- ^ S • "g ^-'Tf ^I'.^^Eco1"*1^1 ^nrv-jJ r 'r^.^ci |
|
|
J3 |
^ H |
^ |
a >c| |
% |
r* « |
o3 W |
S 83 |
"" ^ |
S -rj |
r^tTilot^ra a* J3 c8 cj|<So|^S^ |
|
|
t. JT ^ |
V>l |
'•* ^^ |
„ |
#\ K |
^ |
o3 t^- |
rt a |
r j *^ |
.s F75 " * vn s ^r *> |
||
|
(c3 |
flj O C. '^"' |
-3 |
1 t |
> |
S „£ |
1 |
ff |
> 1 |
i w |
J « >> aT -^ ^ ill ^ ? |
|
|
^ |
^^^ I' |
^ |
O r^ |
'£• |
<x ^^ |
O |
F—H ^ |
^J o |
^— J |
^r r -^ ** ^ './. X^ p^ rr* c^ |
|
|
§ |
.x o |
-6 |
^ 1 |
CS |
.Si ^ |
EH O |
O c |
Q P5 |
1 5 |
g S - !§ O J«S * | S 2 |
|
|
CM" |
3 ^ |
p^ |
— 5 |
o |
CS M -C ° |
- |
0 0 |
r- t-, |
s§ S |
^3 "Sj "S ^ '" fe 'a; o c Ji -f |
|
|
— ' |
/• ^j |
O * """j |
. |
C^ |
"FH "^ |
aj o3 |
r^ r^ |
4— J - i— .^-1 fi ^ ^3 ^ 00 r? 1 |
|||
|
£ |
o3 OH |
rr !^ |
'3 TT, |
^r C^ |
£ |
r^ "* |
gjo^j^ SrHT-g^rH |
[142]
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS
KILLED
IN BATTLE
GENERAL ALBEUT SIDNEY JOHNSTON
Shiloh April 6, 1862.
No. 1
ARMY
AND
CORPS
COMMANDERS
LIEUT.-GENERAL, LEONIDAS POLK Pine Mountain June 14, 1864.
LIEUT.-GENEBAL AMBROSE POWELL HILL
Petersburg April 2, 1865.
|
1-H ,> \ to X co" |
* IP* 'SO •• ••¥»• ' "fk- -i>" 't<3 •!>' -* co t> x co *f o O l-H -f CO t- i>^ cxT x" co" to" O< I-H |
1 '& |
O* CO CO CO^ r— i |
GO" |
T— I O* cs GO" |
o I-H °l |
G< to G* co" |
-d |
X T-H 1-H of |
|||||||
|
o |
• to to X CO to O „, • O* CO •* CO 0* £ 3' o o ^ |
CO a So -j co O> i- F3 co" c |
G* l-H S H 6 |
1-H X |
CO cu CO |
x 1-H X 1-H |
c < |
O to CD r-T 0 i |
o* 0 |
cu -o p i |
0 T-H CO |
|||||
|
O "^ »O g «a 1-H O CO |
.OtOCO^OOb-l^l 0* CO GO t- CO l> X a,^ co I-H I-H o § ® ~~" O ^~* •s .5 -s |
4—< P^H o |
incomplete |
Kg T .a < C.2 T •rt > j ^ * r^ ^,CO E 73 | ^ |
3 J . o 2 : 2 I • rH" 3 |
o cs |
CO C 4-> |
X; |
' £ 1 < I ( |
3 ^ 0 3 ^ j __r H 1"H 5 J > |
0 o X CO |
— o |
CO T-H I-H |
CO CO CU CU co oo CO LO *s ^ 0 o 4J 4-1 1. U |
||
|
o a |
CO cO CO |
CO |
CO |
-t^ F^H C |
i |
(JJ^ |
1^ |
•4 H 3r-% |
a |
0 C a a |
||||||
|
i— I o oo *•* CO ,_- |
O* O CO rH CO i-H • O O O os co^ co I-H • a a o ^ °^ CM" C3 P3 « — |
o a |
O a cu |
.S k11 : |
j t- T-H 3 o< o< i |
-ft I-H |
^0 |
o< |
•s J2 |
H G» 5 CO r H |
to |
^o |
Cl |
II |
||
|
5 | o |
O^ Oi *O ^^ ^? CO Oi CO ^^ ^^ Oi ^f^ ^^ i^** O^ 'O CO CO ^^ O^ |
o CO 1-H |
CS 01 co c to G |
3 I-H ^ 5 »O i> * O CO |
B |
g |
X 1-H o |
t- G CX |
- to * o 5 CO |
CO CO |
1-H CO 0 |
CO o I-H |
0 0 X -f t> rH |
|||
|
O< CO I-H |
T-HCOrHCOtOl-Hl-HJ^Tj<CO |
CO G l-H |
* o* |
co |
I-H |
to |
5 to |
o» |
CO |
I-H |
O ^f1 1-H |
|||||
|
232 |
to ^h CO |
o cs GO^ 1-H |
1-H C O^ ^ CO^ G |
5 0* X H to GO [ 4 |
GO GO l-^ l-H |
to o r-H |
X CO CO |
if «? CI |
5 T-H i cs •) «5 I-H |
o 1-H T— t |
I-H |
0 T-H |
-f CO i> CO T-H |
|||
|
GO 'O to |
-ft »O X Z> b- O X I-H CO O |
o X CO |
CO cs |
CS <o to |
CS cs 'O |
CS l-H |
CO CS |
CO X cs |
C c o |
S O S CO |
CO co o |
CO to |
o |
0 C5 'O X i> T-H |
||
|
T-H O* rH |
T— i -*fi CS -f< T-H OJCOCO l-H l-H |
0 |
cs a »r |
3 CS > CS > CS |
T-H |
CO |
o- |
( CO |
I-H |
i> GO' |
||||||
|
O O* CO I-H o cs |
CO'OCOb-COCOOCOCO co" r-T of |
o cs CO |
of l-H |
i— CO l-H o of |
* l-H b- |
o co |
CO CO |
fc» cs co |
cr a ec |
) -ft > co |
cs X |
X CO |
cs CO 1-H |
co »o CO CO T-H |
||
|
• § a |
||||||||||||||||
|
g |
||||||||||||||||
|
. " ffi |
||||||||||||||||
|
d ^ |
CO |
^ |
b |
|||||||||||||
|
co |
. — ^ |
X |
- . ' |
|||||||||||||
|
co |
*~0 * * |
1-H |
Cd |
F^ |
||||||||||||
|
x |
*3 ^H |
n |
— |
^-( |
||||||||||||
|
CO ^ |
• CO .^. |
-ft |
t- |
-> |
ea |
|||||||||||
|
Continued from page 142 |
§ S I-H ^ co" rt co ^* «T 1 W^ ^ j O^ *1 , o S .2 ^ jn ***" § |
• co co g • • x --H 22 CO °° "^ » " - ~* ** SSsSj^SsStS -TI~I°0^<NQIF1'HC?<N I-H co" *"* . > i cs" iC |-1 '-' ^ r -Or^ ^L^ >oict hJ^C/i^H^11 ^>->- g ^ gj fcC Ci K* 3 ^*" .jf .=f |
co X I-H co" KCJ «e s ^co p |
-ft CO X 1-H GO" I-H 1 ^oj O HH HH |
11 CO CO §" X X r* 1-H 1-H W CO ^ gj o3 5 4-T 3 -g CO C, cu C cS -^ |
t-B ^ - CO r^ * O „ ^ 10 .2 i-H ^ , 1 (^H CO I-H CO S ^ cu r M J o ^^ 3 -1 ^ a co 3 <J H |
CO ""g O -ft co X 1-H of 4-3 fl |
Jonesboro, Ga., Aug. 31, 1864 |
Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864 |
Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864 |
Chaffin's Farm and Forts Harrison Va.. Sent. 29-30. 1864. |
o X 1-H cT 1-H 4-3 cu H CU u c^ T3 cu U |
CO T-H CO c! 03 CH |
-ft CO X I-H co" T-H 1 to 0 cu Q d c cu |
Bentonville, N. C., Mar. 19, 1865 . . . |
Appomattox, Va., Mar. 29-Apr. 9, 18 Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2, 1865 |
144]
WILLIAM D. FENDER
Gettysburg July 18, 1863.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
KILLED IX BATTLE
J. K. B. STUART Yellow Tavern May 12, 1861.
STEPHEN D. RAMSEUB
Cedar Creek October 19, 1864.
GROUP No. 2 MAJOR- GENERALS
W. H. T. WALKER
Atlanta July 22, 1864.
PATRICK R. CLEBURNE
Franklin November 30, 1864.
ROBERT E. RODES
Opequon September 19, 186}.
Nummary tff litttmt
STATES AND TEHKITOHIKS
White
Troops
Sailors and Marines
Colored Troops
Alabama ' 2,578
Arkansas 8,289
California 15,725
Colorado | 4,903
Connecticut 51,937 2,163 1,784
Dakota 206
Delaware 11,236 94 954
District of Columbia 11,912 1,353 3,269
Florida 1,290
Georgia .... .... ....
Illinois 255,057 2,224 1,811
Indiana 193,748 1,078 1,537
Iowa 75,797 5 440
Kansas 1 8,069 2,080
Kentucky 51,743 314 23,703
Louisiana 5,224 .... ....
Maine 64,973 5,030 104
Maryland ' 33,995 3,925 8,718
Massachusetts ; 122,781 19,983 2,966
Michigan j 85,479 498 1,387
Minnesota 23,913 3 104
Mississippi I 545 ....
Missouri I 100,616 151 8,344
Nebraska j 3,157
Nevada 1,080
New Hampshire ' 32,930 882 125
New Jersey I 67,500 8,129 1,185
New Mexico 6,561
New York 409,561 35,164 4,125
North Carolina 3,156
Ohio ! 304,814 3,274 5,092
Oregon. . 1,810
Pennsylvania j 315,017 14,307 8,612
Rhode Island .. 19,521 1,878 1,837
Tennessee 31,092
Texas 1 ,965
Vermont, 32,549 (519
Virginia
Washington Territory 964
West Virginia 31,872 133 196
Wisconsin . . 91,029 165
Indian Nations
Regular Army
Colored Troops
Veteran Volunteers
U. S. Volunteer?***
V. S. Sharpshooters and Engineers
Veteran Reserves
Generals and Staffs
Miscellaneous — Bands, etc . .
2,494,592
tit?
Indian Nations
Aggregate
2,578
8,289 15,725
4,903
55,864
206
12,284
16,534
1,990
259,092
196,363
76,242
20,149
75,760
5,224
70,107
46,638
146,730
87,364
24,020
545
109,111
3,157
1,080
33,937
76,814
6,561
448,850
3,156
313,180
1,810
337,936
23,236
31,092
1,965
33,288
964
32,068
91,327
3,530
101,207 178,975 3,530
2,778,304
Total Deaths, All Causes
345
1,713
573
323
5,354
6
882
290
215
15
34,834
26,672
13,001
2,630
10,774
945
9,398
13^)42
14,753
2,584
78
13,885
239
33
4,882
5,754
277
46,534
360
35,475
45
33,183
1,321
8,777
151
5,224
22
4,017
12,301
1,018
5,798
**36,847
106
243
552
1,672
239
232
359,528
* Colored troops recruited in the Southern States. "* Includes all the deaths in the 178,975 Colored Troops. *** Ex-Confederate Soldiers.
Eighty-six thousand seven hundred and twenty-four drafted men paid commutation and were exempted from service,
[146]
BRIO. -GEN.
BERNARD E. BEE
First Bull Run, Julv 21, 1SG1
BRIG.-GEN.
BENJAMIN McCuLLor.'H Pea Ridge, March 7, 1862.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS KILLED IN BATTLE
MAJ.-GEN.
JOHN PEURAM
Hatcher's Run, February 6, 186i"
GROUP No. 3
FELIX K. ZOLLICOFFER Mill Springs, January 19, 1S6'2
BRIO. -GEN.
FRANCIS S. BARTOW
First Bull Run, July 21, 1861.
BRIO. -GEN.
ROBERT SELUEN GARNETT Rich Mountain, July 13, 1861.
[D— 10]
DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES IN UNION ARMIES
|
Cause |
Officers |
Enlisted Men |
Total |
|
Killed and died of wounds |
6,365 |
103,705 |
110,070 |
|
Died of disease • |
3,712 |
197,008 |
199,720 |
|
In. prison |
83 |
24,873 |
24,866 |
|
Accidents |
142 |
3,972 |
4,114 |
|
Drowning |
106 |
4,838 |
4,944 |
|
Sunstroke |
5 |
308 |
313 |
|
Murdered |
37 |
483 |
520 |
|
Killed after capture . . |
14 |
90 |
104 |
|
Suicide |
26 |
365 |
391 |
|
Military execution |
267 |
267 |
|
|
Executed by enemy |
4 |
60 |
64 |
|
Causes unclassified |
62 |
1,972 |
2,034 |
|
Cause not stated |
28 |
12,093 |
12,121 |
|
Totals. . |
9,584 |
349,944 |
359,528 |
DEATHS IN CONFEDERATE ARMIES
A tabulation of Confederate losses as compiled from the muster-rolls on file in the Bureau of Confederate Archives. (In the report for 1865-66, made by General James B. Fry, United States Provost Marshal- General.) These returns are incomplete, and nearly all the Alabama rolls are missing. Still the figures show that at least 74,524 Confederate soldiers were killed or died of wounds, and that 59,297 died of disease.
|
STATE |
KILLED |
DIED OF WOUNDS |
DIED OF DISEASE |
||||||
|
Officers |
Enlisted Men |
Total |
Officers |
Enlisted Men |
Total |
Officers |
Enlisted Men |
Total |
|
|
Virginia |
266 677 360 172 47 14 122 70 28 104 99 35 92 |
5,062 13,845 8,827 5,381 746 538 5,685 2,548 1,320 2,061 2,016 972 1,867 |
5,328 14,522 9,187 5,553 793 552 5,807 2,618 1,348 2,165 2,115 1,007 1,959 |
200 330 257 140 16 9 75 42 13 27 49 27 61 |
2,319 4,821 3,478 1,579 490 181 2,576 826 1,228 888 825 441 672 |
2,519 5,151 3,735 1,719 506 190 2,651 868* 1,241 915 874 468 733 |
168 541 79 107 17 8 103 32 10 74 72 25 58 |
6,779 20,061 4,681 3,595 1,030 716 6,704 3,027 1,250 3,708 3,353 1,015 2,084 |
6,947 20,602 4,760 3,702 1,047 724 6,807 3,059 1,260 3,782 3,425 1,040 2,142 |
|
North Carolina |
|||||||||
|
South Carolina . |
|||||||||
|
Georgia |
|||||||||
|
Florida |
|||||||||
|
Alabama |
|||||||||
|
Mississippi |
|||||||||
|
Louisiana |
|||||||||
|
Texas |
|||||||||
|
Arkansas |
|||||||||
|
Tennessee |
|||||||||
|
Regular C. S. Army . Border States |
|||||||||
|
Totals |
2,086 |
50,868 |
52,954 |
1,246 |
20,324 |
21,570 |
1,294 |
58,003 |
59,297 |
Colonel W. F. Fox, the authority on Civil War Statistics, states: "If the Confederate rolls could have been completed, and then revised — as has been done with the rolls of the Union regiments- — the number of killed, as shown above (74,524), would be largely increased. As it is, the extent of such increase must remain a matter of conjecture. The Union rolls were examined at the same time, and a similar tabulation of the number killed appears, also, in General Fry's report. But this latter number was increased 15,000 by a subsequent revision based upon the papers known as "final statements" and upon newly-acquired information received through affidavits filed at the Pension Bureau."
[148]
WM. Y. SLACK
Pea Ridge March 8, 1862.
ADLEY H. GLADDEN
Shiloh April 11, 1862.
ROBERT HATTON
Fair Oaks June 1, 1802.
RICHARD GRIFFITH Savage Station June 30, 1862.
GEORGE B. ANDERSON
Antietam October 6, 1862.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS KILLED
IN BATTLE
GROUP No. 4
TWELVE BRIGADIER
GENERALS
LEWIS HENRY LITTLE
Iiika September 19, 1S62.
O. B. BRANCH
Antietam September 17, 1862.
TURNER ASHBY Harrisburg June 6, 1862.
WILLIAM E. STARKE
Antietam September 17, 1862.
JAMES MC!NTOSH
Pea Ridge March 17, 1862.
CHARLES S. WINDER
Cedar Mountain,
August 9, 1862.
SAMUEL GARLAND, JR.
South Mountain September 14, 1862.
TABULAR STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNION SERVICE
|
REGIMENTS |
BATTALIONS |
COMPANIES |
BATTERIES |
|
|
Cavalry |
272 |
45 |
78 |
|
|
Heavy artillerv |
61 |
8 |
36 |
|
|
Lifflit artillerv . . . |
9 |
432 |
||
|
Engineers |
13 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
Sharpshooters |
4 |
3 |
35 |
|
|
Infantry |
2,144 |
60 |
351 |
|
|
Totals |
2,494 |
126 |
507 |
432 |
SUMMARY OF ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
Any attempt to present in statistical form the strength of the Confederate armies is manifestly inipos sible, as was explained by General Marcus J. Wright in his introductory chapter in Volume I of the PHOTO GRAPHIC HISTORY. The same conditions also render futile any accurate comparison of the troops furnishet to the Confederate armies by the various states of the South. Nevertheless, by tabulating the variou; organizations and bearing in mind the limitations of the method as well as the original data, a slight basi: is afforded to gain some idea of the relative numbers contributed by the different States, Furthermore the numbers of the organizations when summarized are of interest in comparison with those given above
No complete official roll of regiments and other organizations in the Confederate army is to be fount either in the archives of the United States War Department or published in the War Records, and it i; difficult, if not impossible, to give either an accurate list or the total number. Various lists have been com piled by private individuals, but none of these show absolute accuracy, and all differ among themselves A list prepared by Colonel Henry Stone, a member of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts was made the basis of the following table by Colonel Thomas L. Livermore, which is published in his vol ume "Numbers and Losses in the Civil War." This list General Wright states is as accurate as can be found
TABLE MADE BY COLONEL LIVERMORE FROM COLONEL STONE'S LIST
|
INFANTRY |
CAVALRY |
ARTILLERY |
|||||||||
|
Regi ments |
Legions |
Bat talions |
Com panies |
Regi ments |
Legions |
Bat talions |
Com panies |
Regi ments |
Bat talions |
Com panies |
|
|
Alabama . |
55 42 |
18 14 1 14 |
4 2 16 9 |
6 4 2 7 11 3 25 7 6 7 10 33 16 |
1 |
18 5 3 21 1 13 4 12 7 11 8 40 |
10 4 6 8 2 13 17 15 26 |
5 2 3 2 4 |
2 2 1 3 1 3 1 12 |
17 16 15 19 9 9 25 35 24 58 |
|
|
Arkansas . . . |
|||||||||||
|
Florida |
9 67 9 |
3 |
|||||||||
|
Georgia |
|||||||||||
|
Kentucky |
|||||||||||
|
Louisiana . |
33 |
22 21 12 14 24 4 19 |
4 8 14 5 |
||||||||
|
Mississippi |
53 |
||||||||||
|
Missouri ... |
30 74 53 78 35 99 5 |
1 3 1 1 |
|||||||||
|
North Carolina |
|||||||||||
|
South Carolina |
|||||||||||
|
Tennessee |
|||||||||||
|
Texas |
|||||||||||
|
Virginia |
|||||||||||
|
Confederate or Prov. Army . |
|||||||||||
|
Total |
642 |
9 |
163 |
62 |
137 |
1 |
143 |
101 |
16 |
25 |
227 |
[150]
MA.XCY GREGG
Fredericksburg,
December 13. 1802.
E. D. TRACY Fort Gibson May 1, 1863.
THOMAS R. R. COBB
Fredericksburg December 13. 1862.
GROUP No. 5
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
KILLED IN BATTLE
LLOYD TILGHMAN Champion's Hill May 1(3, 1863.
ROGER W. HANSON
Stone's River December 30, 1862.
E. F. PAXTOX
Chancellorsville May 3, 1863.
JAMES E. R\INS Stone's River, Dec. 31,1862.
LEWIS A. ARMISTEAD Gettysburg July 3, 1863.
WILLIAM BARKSDALE Gettysburg July 2, 1S63.
MARTIN E. GREEN
Vicksburg June 27, 1863.
tn tip Itwm Armg
IN any discussion of the total or relative casu alties suffered by a military organization in a war, or in any particular engagement, it must be borne in mind that the entire subject is one around which many questions center. The general consideration has been discussed by Colonel Hil ary A. Herbert in the preceding chapter. It now remains to give the readers of the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY some few exact statistics of the losses suffered in both great armies.
In the official records there arc summarized with considerable completeness the enlistments and casualties for the various regiments and other organizations of the Union army. The reports for the most part are complete and comprehensive, admitting of full discussion, yet often there is great difficulty in reducing the vast amount of material to a common denominator for purposes of comparison. The problem is to consider the various elements in their relations one to another. Thus, it is possible to take those regiments where the number killed or died of wounds during the entire period of service stood at a maximum in comparison with other organizations. Further more, it is possible to consider such casualties relatively, depending upon the strength of the or ganization, and this latter method gives a clear indication of the efficiency of the regiment during its entire period of service. Large total losses mean that the regiment was at the fore-front of the fighting in many battles and not necessarily unduly exposed at one particular action.
Such is the list to be found on page 154, com
piled from the authoritative work of Lieutenant- Colonel William F. Fox, U. S. V.— " Regimental Losses in the Civil War." It is, indeed, a record of valor; the fifty regiments here listed are entitled to places of high honor on the scroll of history. It is, all things considered, the most useful basis of making a comparison of the services of the dif ferent regiments, and it is one which unfortunately cannot be made for the regiments comprising the Confederate army, on account of the absence of suitable rosters and reports.
Now, if we should consider the maximum per centage of casualties based on the total of killed, wounded, and missing, a similar roll could be constructed. It would be headed by the First Minnesota Infantry, which, at the battle of Gettysburg, with 262 men engaged on the second day, lost 168 wounded and 47 killed, or a per centage of 82. In fact, other regiments standing at the top of such a list are worthy of note, and a few such, as listed by Colonel Fox, are given in the table at the bottom of this page.
The tabular statement on page 154 must be considered, therefore, as suggestive rather than complete. The selection of fifty regiments is an arbitrary one ; for, of over two thousand regiments in the Union army, 45 infantry regiments lost over 200 men killed or mortally wounded in action during the war. In fact, Colonel Fox has com piled a list of 300 fighting regiments, which lost over 130 who were killed and died of wounds dur ing the war, or which, with a smaller enrollment, suffered an equivalent percentage of casualties.
|
REGIMENT |
BATTLE |
Killed |
Wounded |
Missing |
Total |
Engaged |
IVr Cent. |
|
1st Minnesota 141st Pennsylvania |
Gettysburg Gettysburg. . . |
47 25 |
168 103 |
21 |
215* 149 |
262 198 |
82.0 75 7 |
|
101st New York |
Bull Run |
o |
101 |
17 |
124 |
168 |
7') 8 |
|
25th Massachusetts |
Cold Harbor |
53 |
139 |
28 |
220 |
310 |
70 0 |
|
36th Wisconsin (4 Cos.) .... |
Bethesda Church |
20 |
108 |
38 |
166 |
240 |
69.0 |
|
20th Massachusetts |
Fredericksburg . . . |
25 |
138 |
163 |
238 |
68 4 |
|
|
8th Vermont |
Cedar Creek |
1 7 |
66 |
23 |
106 |
156 |
67 9 |
|
81st Pennsylvania |
Fredericksburg |
15 |
141 |
20 |
176 |
261 |
67 4 |
|
12th Massachusetts |
An tietam |
49 |
165 |
10 |
224 |
334 |
67 0 |
|
1st Maine H. A |
Petersburg |
115 |
489 |
28 |
63" |
950 |
66 5 |
|
9th Louisiana Colored |
Milliken's Bend |
62 |
130 |
192 |
300 |
64 0 |
|
|
5th New Hampshire |
Fredericksburg |
20 |
154 |
19 |
193 |
303 |
63 6 |
* Action of July 2d, — 8 companies engaged; total casualties at Gettysburg were 224.
[152]
CONFED ERATE GENERALS
RICHARD B. GAHNETT Gettysburg July 3, 1863.
W. R. SCURRY Jenkins Ferry April 30, 1861.
PAUL J. SEMMES
Gettysburg July 10, 1863.
CARNOT POSEY
Bristoe Station
November 13, 1863.
KILLED
IN BATTLE
JAMES DESHI.ER
Chickamauga September 20, 1863.
BENJAMIN H. HELM
Chickamauga September 20, 1863.
JOHN M. JONES Wilderness May 2, 1864.
L. A. STAFFORD
Wilderness May 11, 1864.
GROUP
No. 6
J. J. PETTIGREW Falling Waters July 17, 1863.
THOMAS GREEN Pleasant Hill April 12, 1864.
ALFRED MOUTON
Sabine Cross Roads
April 8, 1864.
PRESTON SMITH
Chickamauga
September 20, 1863.
Itmm iRrgtttwttB luring lEntto
0f
ufcrm
KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS — MAXIMUM PERCENTAGES OF ENROLLMENT COMPILED FROM Fox's " REGIMENTAL LOSSES IN THE CIVIL WAR"
|
REGIMENT |
DIVISION |
CORPS |
Enrolled |
Killed |
Per Cent. |
|
2d Wisconsin |
Wadsworth 's |
First |
1,203 |
238 |
19 7 |
|
1st Maine H. A .... |
Birney's . . . |
Second |
2,202 |
423 |
19 2 |
|
57th Massachusetts . . 140th Pennsylvania . |
Stevenson's Barlow's . . |
Ninth Second |
1,052 1,132 |
201 198 |
19.1 17 4 |
|
26th Wisconsin . . . |
Schurz's |
Eleventh |
1,089 |
188 |
17 2 |
|
7th Wisconsin |
Wadsworth's |
First |
1,630 |
281 |
17 2 |
|
69th New York |
Hancock's. . . . |
Second . . . |
1,513 |
259 |
17.1 |
|
llth Penn. Reserves. . |
Crawford's |
Fifth |
1,179 |
196 |
16 6 |
|
142d Pennsylvania |
Doubleday's . . . |
First. . . |
935 |
155 |
16 5 |
|
141st Pennsylvania. . |
Birney's |
Third |
1 037 |
167 |
16 1 |
|
19th Indiana |
Wadsworth 's |
First |
1 246 |
199 |
15 9 |
|
121st New York |
Wright's |
Sixth |
1 426 |
226 |
15 8 |
|
7th Michigan |
Gibbon's |
Second |
1 315 |
208 |
15 8 |
|
148th Pennsylvania . . |
Barlow's |
Second |
1 339 |
210 |
15 6 |
|
83d Pennsylvania |
Griffin's. . |
Fifth |
1,808 |
282 |
15 5 |
|
22d Massachusetts |
Griffin's |
Fifth |
1 393 |
216 |
15 5 |
|
36th Wisconsin |
Gibbon's |
Second |
1 014 |
157 |
15 4 |
|
27th Indiana |
Williams' |
Twelfth |
1 101 |
169 |
15 3 |
|
5th Kentucky |
T. J. Wood's |
Fourth |
1 020 |
157 |
15 3 |
|
27th Michigan |
Wlllcox's |
Ninth |
1 485 |
225 |
15 1 |
|
79th U. S. Colored |
Xhayer's |
Seventh |
1 249 |
188 |
15 0 |
|
17th Maine |
Birney's |
Third |
1 371 |
207 |
150 |
|
1st Minnesota |
Gibbon's |
Second |
1 242 |
187 |
15 0 |
|
93d Illinois |
Quinby's |
1 01 1 |
14 9 |
||
|
36th Illinois |
Sheridan's |
T^mirtli |
1 376 |
204 |
MQ |
|
8th Penn. Reserves. . . |
Crawford's |
Fifth |
1 062 |
158 |
MQ |
|
126th New York |
Barlow's |
Second |
1 036 |
153 |
14 7 |
|
49th Pennsylvania |
Weight's |
Sixth |
1 313 |
193 |
14 6 |
|
9th Illinois |
Dodge's |
1 403 |
216 |
M4 |
|
|
20th Iridiana |
Birney's |
Third |
1 403 |
C)Ql |
14 3 |
|
15th Kentucky |
Johnson's |
Q5fi |
U^ |
||
|
2d Massachusetts |
Williams' |
Twelfth |
1 305 |
187 |
14 3 |
|
55th Illinois |
Blair's |
Fifteenth |
1 OQQ |
1 57 |
U2 |
|
4th Michigan |
Griffin's |
Fifth |
1 325 |
189 |
14 v |
|
15th Massachusetts. . . |
Gibbon's |
1 701 |
241 |
14 1 |
|
|
15th New Jersey. . . . |
Wright's |
Sixth |
1 702 |
240 |
14 1 |
|
145th Pennsylvania. . |
Barlow's |
1 4,5fi |
<?ft5 |
14. 1 |
|
|
28th Massachusetts |
Barlow's |
1 778 |
250 |
14 0 |
|
|
1st Michigan |
Morell's |
Fifth |
1 329 |
187 |
14 0 |
|
8th New York II. A |
Gibbon's |
Second |
2 575 |
361 |
14 0 |
|
7th West Virginia .... |
Gibbon's |
1 008 |
142 |
14 0 |
|
|
37th Wisconsin |
\\ lllf'OY'c |
"\TintVi |
i 1 1 ft |
i %ft |
i j. n |
|
5th Michigan |
Birney's |
Third |
1 883 |
263 |
13 9 |
|
10th Penn. Reserves |
Crawford's |
Fifth |
1 150 |
160 |
13 9 |
|
13th Penn. Reserves. . . |
C r a wf r»rr 1 ' « |
FiftVi |
1 1RZ |
1fi9 |
11 Q |
|
63d Pennsylvania |
Birney's |
Third |
1 341 |
186 |
13 8 |
|
5th Vermont |
Getty's |
Sixth |
1 533 |
213 |
13 8 |
|
6th Iowa |
Corse's |
1 102 |
1 52 |
13 7 |
|
|
155th New York |
Gibbon's |
830 |
13 7 |
||
|
49th Ohio |
T. J. Wood's |
Fourth |
1 468 |
202 |
13 7 |
ABNER PERRIN
Spot.s\ Ivania May 12, 1864.
W. E. JONES
Piedmont June 5. 1864.
GEORGE DOLES
Bethesda Church
May 30, 1864.
KOBEKT H. ANDERSON
Antietam October 6, 1862.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
KILLED IN BATTLE GROUP No. 7 BRIGADIER- GENERALS
JOHN H. MORGAN
Greenville September 4, 1SG4.
JOHN R. CHAMBI.ISS, JR.
Deep Bottom August 16, 1864.
JCNIUS DANIEL
Spotsylvania Died May 13, 1864.
JAMES B. GORDON Yellow Tavern May 11, 1864.
J. C. SAUNDERS Weldon Railroad August 21, 1864.
MICAH JENKINS
Wilderness May 6, 1864.
C. H. STEVENS
Peach Tree Creek
July 20, 1864.
SAMUEL BENTON Ezra Church July 29, 1864.
Stegttimtta
BY GENERAL MARCUS J. WRIGHT, CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY
AT the time when Lieutenant-Colonel William F. Fox, U. S. V., published his valuable and exceedingly accurate work, entitled " Regimental Losses of the American Civil War, 1861-1865," many regimental reports were missing or inacces sible, so that this work, in many respects a stand ard as far as Confederate material was con cerned, necessarily is incomplete.
No compilation of statistics exists correspond ing to that given for the Union armies on a pre ceding page, and but little exact statistical information of a broad character is available. Therefore, it seems desirable here to give on a fol lowing page a table from Colonel Fox's book, which shows remarkable percentages of losses in Confederate regiments at particular engagements. This list contains only a few of the many instances of regiments suffering a heavy percentage of loss. The list is compiled from the few cases in which the official Confederate reports on file in the United States War Department mention the num ber of effectives taken into action as well as the actual losses.
Because of these statistical deficiencies, no com plete catalogue of distinguished Confederate regi ments based on the records of battlefield casualties is possible. This is especially regrettable to those who recall the conspicuous services of many or ganizations from the very outset.
In addition to Colonel Fox's table we give a few other notable instances. At the first battle of Bull Run, the 33d Virginia lost 45 killed ami 101 wounded, and the 27th Virginia lost 19 killed and 122 wounded. Hampton's Legion lost 19 killed and 100 wounded.
The 2d Georgia had the longest service of any infantry regiment from that State. In the Seven Days' around Richmond, with 271 men in the field, it lost 120. At Malvern Hill, it lost 81 men and about the same number at Gettysburg.
At Mills Springs, Ky., the 15th Mississippi Regiment lost 46 killed and 153 wounded. The 8th Kentucky regiment at Fort Donelson, Tenn., lost 27 killed and 72 wounded. The 4th Tennes see, at Shiloh, lost 36 killed and 183 wounded, while the 4th Kentucky lost 30 killed and 183 wounded. The 12th Mississippi, at Fair Oaks,
Va., lost 41 killed and 152 wounded. Hampton's Legion, a South Carolina organization, at Fair Oaks lost 21 killed and 122 wounded. The 2()th North Carolina lost, at Games' Mill, 70 killed and 202 wounded. At Games' Mill and Glendale the 14th Alabama lost 71 killed and 253 wounded, the 19th Mississippi 58 killed and 264 wounded, the 14th Louisiana 51 killed and 192 wounded, and the 12th Mississippi 34 killed and 186 wounded. At Malvern Hill, the 2d Louisiana lost 30 killed and 152 wounded. The 21st Virginia lost, at Cedar Mountain, Va., 37 killed and 85 wounded.
At Manassas (Second Bull Run), Va., the 5th Texas lost 15 killed and 224 wounded; the 2d Louisiana lost 25 killed and 86 wounded. At Richmond, Ky., the 2d Tennessee lost 17 killed and 95 wounded. At Antictam, or Sharpsburg, the 13th Georgia lost 48 killed and 169 wounded; the 48th North Carolina lost 31 killed and 186 wounded. At luka, Miss., the 3d Texas, dis mounted cavalry, lost 22 killed and 74 wounded. At Corinth, Miss., the casualties of the 35th Mis sissippi were 32 killed and 110 wounded, and of the 6th Missouri, 31 were killed and 130 wounded. At Chaplin Hills, Ky., from the 1st Tennessee regiment, 49 were killed and 129 wounded.
At Fredericksburg, Va., the 57th North Caro lina lost 32 killed, 192 wounded, and the 48th North Carolina 17 killed and 161 wounded. At Stone's River, the 29th Mississippi lost 34 killed and 202 wounded.
At Chancellorsville, Va., the losses of the 37th North Carolina were 34 killed and 193 wounded ; the 2d North Carolina, 47 killed and 167 wounded. At Vicksburg, Miss., the 3d Louisiana lost 49 killed, 119 wounded, and the 6th Missouri lost 33 killed and 134 wounded. At Helena, Ark., the 7th Missouri lost 16 killed and 125 wounded. At Gettysburg, the 42d Mississippi lost 60 killed and 205 wounded, and the 1st Maryland, with 400 present for duty, had 52 killed and 140 wounded. At Charleston Harbor, the 21st South Caro lina lost 14 killed and 112 wounded, and the 25th South Carolina 16 killed and 124 wounded. At the bloody battle of Chickamauga, Alabama regi ments suffered great losses.
156]
ARCHIBALD GRACIK, JR. Petersburg Trenches December 2, 1SG4.
JOHN AD.VMS
Franklin November 30, 1864.
JOHN DUNOVANT
Vaughn Road, October 1, 1864.
JOHN GREGG Darbytown Road, October 7, 1864.
H. B. GRANBURY
Franklin November 30, 1864.
STEPHEN ELLIOTT, JR.
Petersburg Died in 1864.
JAMES DEARINO High Bridge April 6, 1865.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS
KILLED
IN
BATTLE- GROUP No. 8— BRIGADIER- GENERALS
OSCAR F. STRAHL
Franklin November 30, 1864.
ARCHIBALD C. GODWIN
Opequon September 19, 1864.
H. H. GIST
Franklin November 30, 1864.
VICTOR J. GIKARDEY
Petersburg August 16, 1864.
(Eaauattfea nf Jtffg (ttnnfrforafr Uegtmettt0
FROM Fox's " REGIMENTAL LOSSES IN THE CIVIL WAR"
SHOWING REMARKABLE PERCENTAGES OF LOSSES AT PARTICULAR ENGAGEMENTS BASED ON
OFFICIAL REPORTS
NOTE — This list does not aim to include all the notable instances of remarkable casualties of regiments in the Confederate Army.
It was based by Colonel Fox on available records where the numbers taken into action as well as the casualties were
specified in official reports. The list is suggestive rather than complete, as many regiments omitted
might with propriety claim to be included in any roll of "Fifty Fighting Regiments."
|
REGIMENT |
BATTLE |
DIVISION |
Present |
Killed |
Wounded |
Missing |
Per Cent. |
|
1 st Texas |
Antietam |
Hood's . . |
226 242 820 425 444 328 375 284 225 514 240 228 325 632 128 176 537 148 396 354 55 450 292 340 353 377 678 350 270 180 200 210 283 424 408 268 306 521 335 357 200 312 355 400 282 158 186 500 480 225 |
45 38 86 61 41 44 39 25 27 71 29 27 31 91 11 13 81 15 45 37 7 35 18 27 27 36 77 27 23 18 10 16 25 32 59 23 22 88 19 49 10 29 14 52 20 15 10 18 32 26 |
141 146 502 239 265 180 215 164 122 264 124 117 168 277 64 72 225 69 179 163 24 218 137 162 167 155 286 115 121 79 97 84 126 170 156 117 136 181 152 121 91 127 155 140 113 57 73 197 167 66 |
1 5 16 9 16 6 48 2 12 22 11 3 |
82.3 76.0 71.7 70.5 68.2 68.0 67.7 66.9 66.2 65 . 1 63.7 63.1 61.2 59.0 58.5 57.3 56.9 56.7 56.5 56.4 56.3 56.2 56.1 55.0 54.9 54.9 54.4 54.2 54.0 53 . 8 53.5 53 . 3 53 . 3 52.8 52.6 52.2 51.6 51.6 51.0 50.7 50.5 50.0 48.4 48.0 47.1 45.5 44.6 43.0 41.4 40.8 |
|
21st Georgia |
Manassas |
E well's |
|||||
|
26th North Carolina |
Gettysburg .... |
Heth's |
|||||
|
6th Mississippi |
Shiloh |
Hardee's |
|||||
|
8th Tennessee |
Stone's River . . . Chickamauga. . . Glendale |
Cheatham's. . . Johnson's .... Longstreet's . . Evans' |
|||||
|
10th Tennessee |
|||||||
|
Palmetto Sharpshooters 17th South Carolina |
|||||||
|
Manassas . |
|||||||
|
23d South Carolina |
Manassas . |
Evans' |
|||||
|
44th Georgia |
Mechanicsville . . Gettysburg |
D.H. Hill's. . . Rodes' Anderson's. . . Walker's |
|||||
|
2d N. C. Battalion |
|||||||
|
16th Mississippi . . . |
Antietam |
||||||
|
27th North Carolina |
Antietam |
||||||
|
6th Alabama |
Seven Pines .... Antietam |
D. H. Hill's. . . McLaws' Hood's |
|||||
|
15th Virginia |
|||||||
|
8th Georgia |
Antietam |
||||||
|
IstS. C. Rifles |
Games' Mill .... Antietam |
A. P. Hill's. . McLaws' A. P. Hill's . . D. H. Hill's. . Pickett's A. P. Hill's . . . Cheatham's. . . Hood's Cheatham's. . . Cheatham's. . . D. H. Hill's. . Hardee s |
|||||
|
10th Georgia |
|||||||
|
18th North Carolina. ... |
Seven Days Malvern Hill. . Antietam |
||||||
|
3d Alabama |
|||||||
|
17th Virginia. . |
|||||||
|
7th North Carolina |
Seven Days .... Stone's River |
||||||
|
1 2th Tennessee |
|||||||
|
9th Georgia. . |
Gettysburg |
||||||
|
5th Georgia |
Chickamauga. . . Stone's River . . . Seven Pines .... Shiloh |
||||||
|
16th Tennessee |
|||||||
|
4th North Carolina. |
|||||||
|
27th Tennessee |
|||||||
|
12th South Carolina |
IVTanassas |
A. P. Hill's . . . Jackson's |
|||||
|
4th Virginia. . |
Manassas Antietam |
||||||
|
4th Texas |
|||||||
|
27th Tennessee |
Perryville |
Cleburne's .... A. P. Hill's. .. D. H. Hill's. . . D. H. Hill's. . . ^IcLaws |
|||||
|
1st South Carolina 49th Virginia |
Manassas Fair Oaks Fair Oaks Antietam |
||||||
|
12th Alabama 7th South Carolina |
|||||||
|
7th Texas |
Raymond |
John Gregg's. . D.H. Hill's... Hood's |
|||||
|
6th South Carolina 15th Georgia |
Fair Oaks Gettysburg |
||||||
|
llth Alabama |
Glendale Manassas Gettysburg Chancellorsville . Gettysburg |
Longstreet's . . Hood's |
|||||
|
17th Georgia |
|||||||
|
3d North Carolina |
Johnson's Trimble's Johnson's |
||||||
|
4th Virginia |
|||||||
|
1st Maryland |
|||||||
|
8th Mississippi |
Stone's River. . . Antietam |
Jackson's McLaws' |
|||||
|
32d Virginia |
|||||||
|
18th Mississippi 14th South Carolina. . . |
Antietam Games' Mill .... Chancellorsville . Malvern Hill. . . . |
McLaws' A. P. Hill's. .. A. P. Hill's . . D. H. Hill's. |
|||||
|
33d North Carolina |
|||||||
|
5th Alabama |
|||||||
[1.58]
VI
FEDERAL ARMIES, CORPS AND LEADERS
THE SECOND CORPS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
MARCHING DOWN PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE IN 1865 — THE SECOND CORPS HAD A RECORD OF LONGER CONTINUOUS SERVICE, A LARGER ORGANIZATION, HARDEST FIGHTING, AND GREATEST NUMBER OF CASUALTIES, THAN ANY OTHER
IN THE EASTERN ARMIES IT CONTAINED THE REGIMENT WHICH SUSTAINED
THE LARGEST PERCENTAGE OF LOSS IN ANY ONE ACTION; THE REGIMENT WHICH SUSTAINED THE GREATEST NUMERICAL LOSS IN ANY ONE ACTION; AND THE REGIMENT WHICH SUSTAINED THE GREATEST NUMERICAL LOSS DURING
ITS TERM OF SERVICE OF THE HUNDRED UNION REGIMENTS WHICH LOST
THE MOST MEN IN BATTLE, THIRTY-FIVE BELONGED TO THE SECOND CORPS
ORDERLY
"FIGHTING JOE HOOKER" WITH HIS STAFF
, T''"B "•'" thr°'"!" "'" """ W"r' "" '"' "" ^ '' '^ m***
On M.y ,7, ,„. hl. „.
through,*,, tlK, K^uUr n,,,,i(, t , i s , '
" ™ *"-
' O ,,
, , soer , f >% ™3' '"" ri
1 .60] 'TO
' '""" '""
• ««
Presidea, Linroln to the eommim<l
t
Ch.neell,>r,ville, and hi, 90 000 soldier , f
'TOd '» — s ""e Rappahannock. \Vhile fighting in the East he was wounded at
W M.KKR, THE ARTIST CAPTAIN R. H. HALL
LIEUTENANT MAJOR WILLIAM
SAMUEL W. TAYLOR H. LAWRENCE
GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER
GENERAL
DANIEL
BUTTERFIELD
COLONEL JAMES D. FESSENDEN
ON THE SPOT WHENCE HE DIRECTED HIS "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS"
Antic-tarn, and stunned at Chancellorsville by a cannon-ball which struck a pillar against which he was leaning. In September, 1863, he was sent with the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps to reenforce Rosecrans at Chattanooga. On November 24th, in the "battle among the clouds" at the head of his new command, he led a charge against the Confederate artillery and infantry posted on Lookout Moun tain For his conduct on this occasion he was brevetted major-general in the regular army. He further distinguished himself under Sherman at Dalton and Resaca, and in the attack on Atlanta. At his own request (July 30, 1864) he was placed on waiting orders September 28th, when he was put in command of the Northern Department. He retired from active service October 15, « the full rank of major-general in the regular army. General Hooker died at Garden City, Long Island, New York, October 31, 1879.
THE ARMY OF GEORGIA— OX PARADE, GENERAL SLOCUM AT THE HEAD
Very different from the march through Georgia and the Carolina* was this magnificent parade of the Army of Georgia down Pennsylvania Avenue. In front ride General Slocum and his staff. Behind come the long straight lines of men who proved the Confederacy a hollow shell with all of its fighting men at the front. Eagerly crowding close to the line of march are the citizens of Washington who had alternately clamored for action, and shaken in their boots when the daring Confederate leaders pressed dose to the Northern capital. Many a heartfelt prayer of thanks and relief was offered when mothers saw their boys march past, unscathed by the war and about to retJnter civil life. Many a tear fell for those who could not be there to share the glory.
[162]
At Games' Mill. Slocum's Division of the Sixth Corps was sent to the support of General Porter, and lost 2.021 out of less than 8.000 present in the hot engagement. It was in front of Fred- oricksburg May 3, 1863. under General Sedgwiek. that the Corps made its most brilliant display of dash and daring. It carried at the point of the bayonet Marye's Heights, the strong position before which there had fallen, gloriously but in vain, nearly 13.000 men the previous December. Most of the Corps was held in reserve at Gettysburg, and its casualties there were slight, but it added again to its laurels at Rappahannock Sta-
THE SIXTH ARMY CORPS IX THE GRAXD
REVIEW— THE CORPS THAT SAVED
WASHINGTON FROM CAPTURE
tion. In the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania it en countered its hardest fighting, the percentage of killed of the Fifteenth New Jersey in the latter battle being equaled in only one instance during the whole war. At Cold Harbor it suf fered heavily again, and the appearance of two of its divisions at Fort Stevens checked Early's advance on Washington. It pursued Early up the Shenandoah. and fought at Opequon and Cedar Creek. In the final assault on Petersburg it played an important part. It was no less prominent in its final appearance at the. Grand Review in Washington. D— 11
THE NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS
THE TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS
Arnwfi flf the lluiteb
in ib? (Until Mar
BY THK PROVISIONS of the Constitution, the President of the United States is commander- in-chicf of the army and navy. During the Civil War, this function was exercised in no small de gree by President Lincoln. As Secretaries of War, he had in his cabinet Simon Cameron, from March 4, 1861, to January 14, 1862; and Edward M. Stanton, who served from January 15, 1862, throughout, Lincoln's administration, and also under Johnson until May 28, 1868, except for a short interval during which he was suspended. There were four generals-in-chief of the armies : Brevet Lieutenant-Genera] Scott, Major-Generals McClellan and Halleck, and Lieutenant-General Grant. The last named has been considered in previous pages of this volume, but the lives arid services of the other three are summarized below, in addition to the treatment received in other volumes. (CONSULT INDKX.) This is true of all the army leaders not separately described in the pages that follow. The Index will refer to treat ment in other volumes.
LIKUTKNANT-GKNKRAI, WINFIKLD SCOTT was born near Petersburg, Virginia, June 13, 1786. After being graduated from William and Mary College, he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and then entered the army at the age of twenty- two. His career was one of bravery and incident. He was captured by the British, but exchanged in 181 3, fought in the battle of Lundy's Lane, and was severely wounded. After the close of the war he was raised to the rank of major-general, and in 1811 succeeded General Macomb as commander of the United States army. In the war with Mex ico, he won great fame and was nominated by the Whigs for President in 1852; but he carried only four States. In 1855, Congress revived the rank of lieutenant-general and conferred it by brevet upon Scott, the appointment being dated March 29, 1847, the day of his brilliant capture of Vcra Cru/. It was evident that his age and infirmities would prevent, his taking any active part in the Civil War, and on November 1, 1861, he was re tired from the chief command of the army of the United States. He wrote an autobiography, and made a European trip in 1864, dying May 29, 1866, at West Point, Xew York.
MAJOR-GENERAL HKNHV WAOKH HAI.I.KCK (U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Western ville. New
York, January 16, 1815. He served in California and on the Pacific coast during the Mexican War. He retired from the army with the rank of captain in 1854 to practise law, but after the outbreak of the Civil War reentered the regular service, with the grade of major-general. He was in command of the Department of Missouri (afterward Depart ment of Mississippi) from November 19, 1861, to July 11, 1862, when he became general-in-chief of all the armies. Grant succeeded him, March 9, 1864, arid Halleck was his chief-of-staff until the close of the war. He continued in the army as head, successively, of the Military Division of the .James, the Department of the Pacific, and Depart ment of the South until his death at Louisville, Kentucky, .January 9, 1872.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE BIUXTOX McCi.Ki.- I-AX (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826. He served in the Engineer Corps during the Mexican War, distinguished himself by gallant service, and reached the rank of captain in 1855, having been so brevetted in 1847. He became assistant instructor in prac tical engineering at West Point, later accom panied the Red River exploring expedition, and was sent on a secret mission to Santo Domingo. During the Crimean War, he was one of a com mission of three appointed by Congress to study and report upon the whole art of European war fare. He remained some time with the British forces. McClellan's report was a model of com prehensive accuracy and conciseness, and showed him to be a master of siege-tactics. In 1857, Mc Clellan resigned his army commission to devote himself to the practice of engineering. He be came vice-president of the Illinois Central Hail road Company, and later president of the Eastern Division of the Ohio and Missouri Railroad. He made his home in Cincinnati until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he tendered his services to his country and was made major-general of volun teers, April 21, 1861. Tlie Department of the Ohio was constituted, and McClellan took com mand, May 13th, his appointment as major-gen eral dating from the following day. He drove the Confederates from northwestern Virginia and saved that section to the Union, an accomplish ment of the most vital importance, since, in the event of the establishment, of the Confederacy, the Union territory would have been contracted at
Kill
The upper photograph, as beau- tifully "composed" as a classic painting, shows General and Mr>. Scott at their home. Fliz- al>eth. Xe\v Jersey, in 18G2. A closer portrait >tudy of the gen eral appears Mow. Winfield Scott became the nr>t general- in-ehicf of the United States Army during the Civil \\ar. being already in that position when the war broke out. He was then nearly seventy-five years old. The aged hero owed his exalted rank and his military fame to his dashing ami vigorous achievements as commander in the Mexican War. He directed until retired by his own request in Novem ber. 1S61. Scott possessed an imposing figure and courage equal to every danger. He was exacting in discipline — that power which the French call "the glory of the soldier and the strength of armies.
Major-General Henry Wager Halleck assumed command of the Army and Department of Missouri in 1861, and from his headquarters at St. I/juis di rected the operations of the forces which early in 186i com pelled the Confederates to evacuate Kentucky and Cen tral and West Tennessee. After he assumed control of all the armies as successor to MeClcl- lan in July, 186i, he made his headquarters in Washington, performing duties similar to those of a chief -of -staff in a modern army. His military decisions in particular crises as Fredericksburg, Charcel- lorsville and Gettysburg were not always approved by critics; nevertheless, he bore a reputa tion for getius as a commander. He was succeeded in the duties of general-in-ehief in February, 1864, by Lieutenant-General t'lvssts S. Grant.
SCOTT AND HALLKCK-TWO GENERALS -IX CHIEF Ol T11K I'MTED STATES ARM\
i 01 Lhr u ntunor
'-.
-. .:- . - : 1
- " > ".
•
• . -. . - .
>:iieccv in 1S64. arid Ki~ re-
TTELT Wit? ACCtptcxl OE N»>ve21-
»ptnt ^ver^I rears abn>A.i. . Nsr«" Jer«tv. of wiici Sr.ite m 1ST7. A-i^fe fr»>m hi? mlLi-
rliJlTl W*^ 4 T.An Of feje tAstc*
.
_
• rr
i^ death oc-
Amur nf Ihr
rge B. McC'k^kn to Xoi
r-Gen-er^l A. f
rtt^.1-
"
• •
MAT **. 1^
- _
•" * m -a^.'-Lirj. n G. Pirkc w.-i.?
• - ;
ctx£ne of ^
«rt*i At
- • -.:
For g*I-
-.*-
-
- v^-.
Later.
- -; '
A THIRD GENERAL-IN-CHIEF McCLELLAN, WITH HIS WIFE
Major-General George Brinton McGlellan began his war career as commander of the Department of Ohio. After he had defeated and scattered the Confederate forces commanded by General Robert E. Lee, securing West Virginia to the Union, he was appointed general-in-chief of the United States Armies as successor to General Scott, in November, 1861. He planned and directed the expeditions which, under General A. E. Burnside captured the coast of North Carolina, under Butler and Farragut opened up the lower Mis sissippi, and in Kentucky and Tennessee resulted in the capture of Fort Donelson. He led the Army of the Potomac in the Peninsula and Antietam campaigns. Meadc, its last commander, said: "Had there been no McCIellan there could have been no Grant."
Armg of 11)? 3I?mt?00??
Virginia campaign of 186-1. Major-General Burnside resigned his commission at the close of the war and resumed his career as a railroad pro jector and manager. He was governor of Rhode Island from 1866 to 1869, and senator from 1875 until his death, which occurred September 3, 1881, at Bristol, Rhode Island.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, No vember 13, 1814. He entered the artillery and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for distinguished services in the Mexican War. He resigned his commission in 1853. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was living in California as a farmer and civil engineer. He tendered his services to the Government and was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers. In March, 1862, he was made a division commander in the Army of the Potomac, with a promotion to major-general of volunteers in May. An appointment as brigadier-general of the regular army followed the battle of An- tietam, in which he was wounded. In September, 1862, he rose to corps commander, and was at the head of the Center Grand Division in Burn- side's organization. He wras commander of the Army of the Potomac from January 26, 1863, to June 28th. Later, he exhibited great gallantry as corps commander at Lookout Mountain, and
in the Atlanta campaign. On October 1, 1864, he was placed at the head of the Northern Depart ment, and served at the head of other departments until he was retired, as the result of a paralytic stroke, with full rank of major-general, in Octo ber, 1868. His death occurred at Garden City, Xew York, October 31, 1879.
MAJOR-GENERAL GKORGE GORDON MEADE (U. S.M.A. 1835) was born in Cadiz, Spain, Decem ber 31, 1815, while his father was American naval agent at that city. He saw service in the Seminole War, and then resigned in 1836 to take up the practice of civil engineering. He reentercd the army and served with the Topographical En gineer Corps during the Mexican War. He was afterward employed on river and harbor im provements, lighthouse construction, and the sur vey of the Great Lakes, until the Civil War broke out, when he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and put in command of a brigade in the Pennsylvania Reserve in the Army of the Potomac. Later, he commanded the First and Fifth corps and was made general commanding of the army, June 28, 1863. He was in chief com mand at Gettysburg. On August 18, 1864, he re ceived a commission as major-general in the regu lar army, and served therein until his death, in Philadelphia, November 6, 1872.
THE TROOPS in the Military District of Cairo were under the command of Brigadier-General U. S. Grant from August 1, 1861, until February, 1862. The District of West Tennessee was or ganized February 17, 1862, and Grant was at its head until October 16th. His forces were known as the Army of West Tennessee, and were in cluded in those of the Department of Mississippi, under Major-General Halleck. With this force, consisting of six divisions and some unassigned troops, Grant fought the battle of Shiloh. On October 16, 1862, the Department of Tennessee was created to include Cairo, western Kentucky and Tennessee, and northern Mississippi. Grant was commander until October 24, 1863, when the Military Division of the Mississippi was organized to include the Departments of the Ohio,, Tennessee, Cumberland, and of Arkansas. The troops in the Department of Tennessee were designated the Thirteenth Army Corps until December 18, 1862,
when they were reorganized into the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth corps. Suc ceeding Grant, this force, usually called the Army of the Tennessee, was successively commanded by Major-Generals W. T. Sherman, James B. McPherson, John A. Logan, and O. (). Howard. This army took part in the capture of Vicksburg, battle of Chattanooga, Atlanta campaign, and Sherman's campaigns in Georgia and the Caro- linas. A detachment of it was with the Red River expedition, in 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES BIRDSEYE MCPHERSON (U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Sandusky, Ohio, November 14, 1828. He practised engineering in the Government employ and also taught it at West Point. When the war broke out, he raised a force of engineers, and later he was aide to Major- Gencral Halleck. In December, 1862, he was given command of the Seventeenth Corps. His services
168
AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE
Commander of the Army of the Potomac During the Fredericksburg Campaign, Novem ber, 1862, to January, 1863.
GEORGE GORDON MEADE
Commander of the Army of the Potomac in the
Gettysburg Campaign, also in the Wilderness
Campaign and Siege of Petersburg,
MAJOR-GENERALS
BURNSIDE,
HOOKER,
MEADE
COMMANDERS OF
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
JOSEPH HOOKER
Commander of the Army of the Potomac During the Chan-
cellorsville Campaign and the Opening of the
Gettysburg Campaign.
uf
Army uf tljr (HwmbnrlmtJi
in reenforcing Rosecrans after Corinth, October, 1862, won him the rank of major-general of vol unteers, and after the fall of Vicksburg he received the commission of brigadier-general of the regular army. He succeeded Major-General William T. Sherman in the command of the Army of the Ten nessee, March 12, 1864, and was killed at the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN A. LOGAN was born in Jackson County, Illinois, February 9, 1826. He served in the Mexican War, rising from a private to the rank of second lieutenant. He was after ward admitted to the bar and finally reached Congress. During his term here the Civil War broke out and he enlisted and fought at Bull Hun. Returning to the West, he raised the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, afterward becoming its colonel. He was wounded at Fort Donelson and shortly afterward was made major-general of volunteers. In the Vicksburg campaigns he commanded a divi sion of the Seventeenth Corps. In 1863, lie took command of the Fifteenth Corps and served in the Atlanta campaign and led his troops through the Carolinas. He was made head of the Department of the Tennessee May 19, 1865. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1871, and was de feated for the vice-presidency of the United States on the Republican ticket of 1884. He died in Washington, December 26, 1886.
MAJOR-GENERAT, OLIVER OTIS HOWARD (U.S. M.A. 1854) was born in Leeds, Maine, November 8, 1830. He served as chief of ordnance, and as first lieutenant taught mathematics at West Point
until the Civil War broke out, when he left the regular army to command the Third Maine Vol unteers. He headed a brigade in the first battle of Bull Run and was promoted to brigadier-gen eral of volunteers in September, 1861. At Fair Oaks, where he lost his right arm, he achieved dis tinction as an able fighter. After Antietam, he commanded a division of the Second Corps, and later, as major-general of volunteers, the corps itself for a short time. On April 2, 1863, the Eleventh Corps was given him, and it was these troops that were so badly routed by " Stonewall " Jackson at Chancellorsville. In September, 1863, Howard and his corps were transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, in which he became leader of the Fourth Corps, April, 1864. How ard's services at Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, and Missionary Ridge were conspicuous. He ac companied Sherman to the relief of Knoxvillc, and fought in all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, succeeding Major-General McPherson to the com mand of the Army of the Tennessee, and marching with Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas. After the close of the war he commanded the Ncz Pcrce Indian expedition of 1877, the Ban nock, and Piutc campaigns, and from 1880 to 1882, was superintendent of the Military Acad emy, West Point. He was (1865-74) commis sioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and in 1895 founded the Lin coln Memorial University and the industrial school at Cumberland Gap, Tennessee. Major-General Howard was a noted total-abstinence advocate and was much interested in Sunday-school work. He was retired with full rank in 1894, and he died at Burlington, Vermont, October, 26, 1909.
Army of
o anb Army of
THE DEPARTMENT OF KENTUCKY, which consti tuted the whole of that State within a hundred miles of the Ohio River, was merged in the Depart ment of the Cumberland, comprising the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, August 15, 1861. On November 9th, it was renamed the Department of the Ohio, the States of Ohio, Michigan, and In diana being added. The troops in this region (over whom McClellan, Rosecrans, O. M. Mitchcl, Robert Anderson, and W. T. Sherman had, at different times and places, control) were now organized into the Army of the Ohio, with Major- General Don Carlos Buell in command. Although
the department was merged into that of Missis sippi in March, 1862, the Army of the Ohio re tained its name. This was the body that brought such timely assistance to Grant at Shiloh and drove Bragg out of Kentucky. The army was organized into three corps in September, 1862, but the following month (October 24th) the Depart ment of the Cumberland was recreated to consist of eastern Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia, and the Army of the Ohio, which had operated chiefly in that region, now became officially the Four teenth Army Corps, but better known as the Army of the Cumberland. On October 30th, Buell was 170]
GEORGE HENRY THOMAS
Commander of the Army of the Cumberland in the Ten nessee and Georgia Campaigns, including Stone's River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Atlanta.
JOHN ALEXANDER LOGAN
Commander of the Army of the Tennessee in Front of
Atlanta. He subsequently resumed Command of a
Corps and Led it Through the Carolinas.
MAJOR-GENERALS
THOMAS
LOGAN
HOWARD
ARMY OF THE
CUMBERLAND
AND ARMY OF
THE TENNESSEE
OLIVER OTIS HOWARD
Commander of the Army of the Tennessee in Part
of the Atlanta Campaign and in the March
Through Georgia and the Carolinas.
Armg at tty ©Jjto and Armg of tty
replaced by Major-General W. S. Rosecrans, and the Fourteenth Corps was reorganized into the Right Wing, Center, and Left Wing, later the Fourteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Army corps. The last two were afterward consolidated as the Fourth Corps. With this army, Rosecrans fought the battle of Stone's River, drove Bragg across the Tennessee, and was defeated at Chicka- mauga. Major-General George H. Thomas suc ceeded to the command October 20, 1863. The army distinguished itself on Missionary Ridge and through the Atlanta campaign (as a part of the Military Division of the Mississippi), and in the campaign against Hood in Tennessee. The army had four divisions of cavalry. It had a reserve corps for a short time, and received two corps from the Army of the Potomac, which were finally con solidated into the reorganized Twentieth Corps.
MAJOR-GENERAL Dox CARLOS BUELL (U.S. M.A. 184-1) was born March 23, 1818, near Marietta, Ohio, and served in the Mexican War. When the Civil War broke out he assisted in the organization of volunteers, and in November, 1861, took charge of the Department and Army of the Ohio. He was soon raised to the rank of major-general of volunteers. His last service in this army was the driving of Bragg out of Ken tucky, for this, with the preceding Tennessee campr/gn during the summer of 1862, aroused such criticism that he was replaced, October 30th, by Major-General Rosecrans and tried before a military commission. An adverse report was handed in, and Buell resigned from the army June 1, 1864. He then became president of the Green River Iron Company, and, 1885-89, was pension-agent at Louisville. He died near Rock- port, Kentucky, November 19, 1898.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM STARKE ROSECRANS (U.S. M.A. 184-2) was born at Kingston, Ohio, September 6, 1818. He served in the Engineer Corps and as assistant professor at West Point. In 1854, he resigned from the army to practise architecture and civil engineering, but at the out break of the Civil War he tendered his services to the Government and was made brigadier-general of the regular army, and major-general of volun teers in March, 1862. He succeeded McClellan at the head of the army of occupation in western Virginia after his victory at Rich Mountain, and held it until Major-General Fremont took charge of the Mountain Department, March 29, 1862. From June 26th until the end of October, Rose
crans was Pope's successor in the Army of the Mississippi and, taking command of the District of Corinth, he defeated the Confederate forces at luka and Corinth. He now replaced Buell in the Army of the Cumberland. As general command ing he won the battle of Stone's River, but was defeated at Chickamauga, and was succeeded by Major-General George H. Thomas. He then spent a year in command of the Department of Missouri, during which he drove Price out of the State, and on December 9, 1864-, was relieved of active command. After resigning his commission, in 1866, he was United States minister to Mexico, and was in Congress from 1881 to 1885. In 1889, Congress restored him to the rank and pay of brigadier-general. He died at Redondo, Cali fornia, March 11, 1898.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE HENRY THOMAS (U. S.M.A. 184-0) was born in Southampton County, Virginia, July 31,1816. He served in the Seminole and Mexican wars, and had risen to the grade of lieutenant-colonel when the Civil War broke out. In August, 1861, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers. His first services in the war were rendered in the Departments of Pennsylvania and of the Shenandoah. His division of the Army of the Ohio defeated the Confederate forces at Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862. This vic tory first brought him into notice, and shortly afterward he was made major-general of volun teers. He was put at the head of the Center (Fourteenth Corps) of the reorganized Army of the Cumberland, and in October, 1863, he assumed the chief command, distinguishing himself at Mis sionary Ridge, in the Atlanta campaign, and in the crushing defeat of Bragg at Nashville. He was promoted to major-general in the regular army for his services at Nashville, December 15, 1864-. He narrowly escaped this honor, for, impa tient at his delay in attacking Hood — a delay oc casioned by the very inclement weather — Grant had sent Major-General Logan to relieve him, and the latter was on the way. He had also shown himself a gallant fighter in the earlier battles of Stone's River, and Chickamauga, where he held the left wing of the army against tremendous odds. This feat is considered one of the most glorious of the whole war. With the right wing of the army routed and in utter confusion, Thomas kept his position against the whole of Bragg's army until ordered to withdraw. He declined the brevet of lieutenant-general, which President Johnson of fered him in 1868. Two years later he died in San Francisco, March 28, iS70.
172]
JOHN MCALLISTER SCHOFIELD
Commander of the Army of the Frontier and of the Department and Army of the Ohio.
DON CARLOS BUELL
Commander of the Army of the Ohio in the Shiloh Campaign and Afterward of a Department.
JOHN POPE
Commander of the Army of Virginia, June to Sep tember, 1802, Including Second Bull Run.
WILLIAM STARKE ROSE! RAXS
Commander of the Army of the Ohio (Cumberland) in the Campaign of Stone's River and Chickamauga.
COMMANDERS OF THE ARMIES OF THE OHIO AND VIRGINIA
Army nf
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO having been merged in that of Mississippi, March, 1862, it was recreated on August 19th, to consist of the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis consin, and Kentucky, east of the Tennessee River, and Major-General H. G. Wright was placed at the head. The troops of the depart ment were scattered through many districts. Some of the brigades constituted the Army of Kentucky, of which Major-General Gordon Granger was in command. Wright was replaced March 25, 1863, by Major-General A. K. Burnside, and shortly afterward the troops in the department were re- organixed into the Twenty-third Army Corps, and this force is the Army of the Ohio associated with the Knoxville, Atlanta, and Nashville cam paigns. The Ninth Corps was attached to the de partment from March, 1863, to March, 1864. Burnside was succeeded in turn by Major-Gen- erals J. G. Foster, J. M. Schofield, and George Stoneman. A cavalry division organized in April, 1864, was headed by Major-General Stoneman, and afterward by Colonels Capron and Garrard. On January 17, 1865, the troops still in the de partment (the Twenty-third Corps having gone
to North Carolina) were annexed to the Depart ment of the Cumberland.
MAJOK-GKNERAL JOHX MCALLISTER SCHO FIELD (U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Chautauqua County, New York, September 29, 1831. After garrison duty in Florida and South Carolina, he held the chair of natural philosophy at West Point and later at Washington University, St. Louis, where the outbreak of the Civil War found him. He had command of the District of St. Louis, Department of Missouri ; Army of the Frontier ; of a division in the Fourteenth Corps ; the De partment and Army of the Ohio, and of the Twen ty-third Corps, which was transferred to North Carolina late in the war. He was made major- general of volunteers in November, 1862. His most noteworthy active services were rendered during the Atlanta campaign and at the battle of Franklin. After the Civil War he was Sec retary of War ad interim, after the resignation of General Grant. He was commander of the United States army from 1888 to 1895, rising to the rank of lieutenant-general, at which he was retired in September, 1895. He died at St. Augustine, Flor ida, March 4, 1906.
Army 0f tlje
THE ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI had a short ex istence, being organized February 23d, and dis continued October 26, 1862. Its first commander was Major-General John Pope, who was suc ceeded, June 26th, by Major-General W. S. Rose- crans. This army consisted of five divisions, a
flotilla brigade, and several brigades of cavalry, and operated on the Mississippi in the spring of 1862, capturing Island No. 10; before Corinth in May, 1862, and at luka and Corinth in Sep tember and October, 1862. Most of the troops went into the Thirteenth Army Corps.
Army 0f Htrgtma
To OBTAIN CLOSER ORGANIZATION in tllC Various
commands operating in Virginia, President Lin coln, on June 26, 1862, constituted the Army of Virginia out of Major-General Fremont's forces (Mountain Department), those of Major-Gen eral McDowell (Department of the Rappahan- nock), those of Major-General Banks (Depart ment of the Shenandoah), and Brigadier-General Sturgis' brigade from the Military District of
f
Washington. This last, an unorganized body of troops, did not join the army at once. Major- General John Pope was placed at the head of the new organization, which was divided into three corps. Exclusive of Sturgis' troops it numbered between forty and fifty thousand men, and was augmented later by troops from three corps of the Army of the Potomac. A corps of the Army of Virginia* checked " Stonewall " Jackson's advance
174
FEDERAL
MAJOR-GENERALS
COMMANDING
ARMIES
of th
Carr. Commander of the Army Southwest; Led Troops at '
Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge.
Quincy Adams Gillmore, Commander of th<
Department and Army of the South
at the Sie£,e of Charleston.
Frederick Steele, Commander of the Army Benjamin Franklin Butler, Com- Gordon Granger, Commander of the Aimy
of Arkansas; Engaged at Little Roek.
mander of the Department and Army of the Gulf in 1862, and of the Army of the James in 186 4. With this Army he Operated Against Rich mond in May and June.
of Kentucky in 1802; Noted at Chickamauga.
OPERATING
ON THE GULF
AND ALONG THE
WESTERN FRONTIER
James G. Blunt. Commander in Kansa.
and of the Army of the Frontier; at
Prairie Grove.
David Hunter, Head of a Division at Bull
Run and later of the Department
of the South.
Armg
at Cedar Mountain, on August 9th, but the entire organization was defeated at Manassas by Jack son and Longstreet, August 29th and 30th, and withdrew to the lines of Washington. On Septem ber 12th, the Army of Virginia was merged in the Army of the Potomac.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN POPE (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Louisville, Kentucky, March 16, 1822. He served in the Mexican War, rising to the rank of captain. After this he did much work on en gineering service in connection with the develop ment of the West. When the Civil War broke out, Pope was sent to Cairo, Illinois, and later to command the troops in northern Missouri. From February to June, 1862, he headed the newly
created Army of the Mississippi, during which time he was made major-general of volunteers and brigadier-general of the regular army. His most notable achievement was the capture of Island No. 10, as a result of which he was put in com mand of the Army of Virginia, June 26, 1862. The reverse of Second Bull Run caused him to ask to be relieved of this command, and he was sent to the Department of the Northwest, to carry on the war against the Sioux Indians. He headed other departments in the West until he was retired, in 1886. His last command was the Department of the Pacific. He was brevetted major-general in March, 1865, for his services at Island No. 10, and received the full rank in 1882. Major-General Pope died at Sandusky, Ohio, September 23, 1892.
Army 0f tlj?
CREATED December 25, 1861, from troops in portions of the Department of Missouri. It was merged in the District of Eastern Arkansas, De partment of Tennessee, December 13, 1862, and was commanded during its existence by Brigadier- Generals S. R. Curtis, Frederick Steele, E. A. Carr, and W. A. Gorman. This army fought many minor but important engagements in Mis souri and Arkansas, including Bentonville, Sugar Creek, and Pea Ridge.
MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL RYAN CURTIS (U.S. M.A. 1831) was born near Champlain, New York, February, 1807, and resigned from the army to become a civil engineer and, later, a lawyer. He served as colonel of volunteers in the Mexican War, and afterward went to Congress. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers in May, 1861, and was commander of the Army of the Southwest from December, 1861, to August, 1862. He conducted an active campaign against Van Dorn and Price, during which he won the battle of Pea Ridge, March 7-8, 1862, and was made major- general of volunteers that same month. Later, he was unable to hold Arkansas and was compelled to march to the Mississippi River. He was in command of the Department of Missouri, Sep tember, 1862, to May, 1863, and of Kansas, Jan uary, 1864, to January, 1865, after which he was at the head of that of the Northwest. He nego tiated treaties with several Indian tribes, and was mustered out of the volunteer service April 30,
1866. He died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, Decem ber 26, 1866.
MAJOR-GENERAL FREDERICK STEELE (U.S.M. A. 1843) was born in Delhi, New York, January 14, 1819, and served in the Mexican War. He was a major when the Civil War broke out and rose to be major-general of volunteers in No vember, 1862. Steele served with distinction in Missouri, and was given a division in the Army of the Southwest in May, 1862. For a short time, he had command of the army itself. When it was broken up, he was finally transferred into the De partment of the Tennessee, having a division on Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, McClernand's Army of the Mississippi, and the new Fifteenth Army Corps, with which he took part in the Vicks- burg campaign. In August, 1863, he was given charge of the Arkansas Expedition, which devel oped into the Seventh Army Corps, at the head of which he remained until December, 1864. He was given a separate command in the district, of West Florida, and assisted Major-General Gor don Granger at the final operations around Mo bile. After muster-out from the volunteer service, he returned to the regular army as colonel, having already received the brevet of major-general for the capture of Little Rock. He died at San Mateo, California, January 12, 1868.
MAJOR-GF.NERAL EUGENE ASA CARR (U.S.M. A. 1850) was born in Erie County, New York, in
17t>
GEORGE CROOK
Commander of the Array of West Vir ginia in 1864. Later Crook led a Cavalry Division under Sheridan in the Appomattox Campaign at Five Forks and during the pursuit of Lee.
JOHN
FREMOXT
Commander of the Mountain De partment and Army in West Virginia in 1862. Fremont was in Command in Missouri in 1861 and at one time gave orders to Brigadier-General Grant.
NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS
Commander of the Department and Army of the Shenandoah in 1862 and of the Army of the Gulf in 1863-4. With this Army Banks captured Port Hudson in 1863.
PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN
Commander of the Army of Shenan doah in 1864. Sheridan Led a Division at Chickamauga and Chat tanooga and Commanded the Cav alry Corps of the Army of the Po tomac in the Wilderness Campaign.
HENRY WARNER SLOCt M
Commander of the Army of Georgia in the Carolinas. Slocum Com manded the Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, at Chancellors- ville and Gettysburg and the Twen tieth Corps in Front of Atlanta.
JOHN A. McCLERNAND
Commander of the Army of the Mississippi in 1862-3. McClernand Led Troops at Shiloh and later Com manded the Army of the Mississippi operating against Vicksburg; Head of a Corps in Grant's Siege.
COMMANDERS OF THE ARMIES OF WEST VIRGINIA, SHENANDOAH.
GEORGIA AND MISSISSIPPI
Avmg of Ural Hirgtnta
1830, and served in the mounted rifles in Indian warfare until the opening of the Civil War, when he became colonel in the Illinois cavalry. His ap pointment of brigadier-general of volunteers was dated March 7, 1862. His service was chiefly in the Southwest, in the Army of the Southwest, the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth corps, the Districts of Arkansas, and of Little Rock. For short periods he was at the head of the Army of the Southwest and of the left wing of the Six teenth Corps. His gallant and meritorious serv
ice in the field won him a medal of honor and suc cessive brevets in the regular army, and he showed especial bravery and military ability at Wilson's Creek, Pea Ridge, Black River Bridge, and the capture of Little Rock. He was mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1866, with the brevet of major-general in the regular army. He returned to the army, and consinued in service on the frontier. In 1892, he was made brigadier- general and was retired February 15, 1893. He died in Washington, D. C., December 2, 1910.
Army 0f Wv&t Htrgmta
THE TROOPS in the Department of West Vir ginia were taken from the Eighth Army Corps when the department was reorganized, June 28, 1863. The department commanders were Brig adier-General B. F. Kelley, Major-Generals Franz Sigel, David Hunter, George Crook, Brigadier- General J. D. Stevenson, Brevet Major-General S. S. Carroll, and Major-Generals W. S. Hancock and W. H. Emory. In the campaign against lieutenant-General Early (June-October, 1864), the two divisions (about seventy-five hundred men) under Crook were called the Army of West Vir ginia. This force was prominent at the Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, and other engage ments. After the campaign, the troops returned to the various districts in the department.
MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID HUNTER (U.S.M.A. 1822) was born in Washington, July 21, 1802, and rose to rank of major in the Mexican War. As brigadier-general of volunteers, he commanded the Second Division at Bull Run, where he was severely wounded. Shortly afterward, he was made major-general of volunteers. He succeeded Fremont in the Western Department, and was at the head of the Department of Kansas, November, 1861, to March, 1862, then of the South, until September, and of the Tenth Corps from January
to June, 1863, and in May, 1864, he succeeded Major-General Sigel in the command of the De partment of West Virginia. Hunter was the first general to enlist colored troops, and presided at the court which tried the Lincoln conspirators. He was retired in 1866, having been brevetted major-general, and died in Washington, February 2, 1886.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE CROOK (U.S.M.A. 1852) was born near Dayton, Ohio, September 8, 1828. He spent the nine years before the opening of the Civil War in California. As brigadier- general of volunteers in the Army of the Cum berland, he commanded a division of cavalry. He succeeded Major-General David Hunter in the command of the Department of West Virginia in August, 1864, and shortly afterward was made major-general of volunteers. He was active in the Shenandoah campaign under Sheridan ; also at Five Forks and Appomattox. In 1866, as lieutenant-colonel of the regular army, he was sent to the West, where he remained in constant war- . fare with the Indians for many years. He ob tained charge of all the tribes and did much for their advancement. In 1888, he attained the rank of major-general, and died in Chicago, March 21, 1890.
cf Utrgmta an& Nortlj (Carolina, Armg nf
THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA was created in May, 1861, and the troops therein were, organi/cd into the Seventh Army Corps on July 22, 1862. This corps was divided between Fort Monroe, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Yorktown, and other places.
The Eighteenth Army Corps, created December 24, 1862, from troops in the Department of North Carolina was transferred to the Department of Virginia and North Carolina July 15, 1863, when the two departments were united, and the troops 178]
Jrvin McDowell Commanded the 1st A. A. Humphreys Commanded the John Newton Commanded the 1st
Corps in Front of Washington. 2d Corps at Petersburg. Corps at Gettysburg and After.
Darius N. Couch Commanded the Edwin Vose Sumner Commanded the \VinfieldScottHancock; Under Him 2d Corps at Fredericksburg and 2d Corps on the Peninsula the Second Corps Earned the
Chancellorsville. and in Maryland.
Name "Old Guard."
FEDERAL MAJOR-GENERALS COMMANDING THE FIRST AND SECOND
ARMY CORPS
[D-12]
Army an& Ifcjrarimrnt of tty (Sulf
therein were all merged in the Eighteenth Corps. This was reorganized in April, 1864, and the Tenth Corps being transferred from the Department of the South, the whole force was called the Army of the James. Its principal commander was Major- General Benjamin F. Butler, although Major- Generals E. O. C. Ord and D. B. Birney held com mand for short periods. On December 3, 1864, the two corps were discontinued, the white troops being formed into the Twenty-fourth Army Corps and the colored into the Twenty-fifth. On Jan uary 31, 1865, the two departments were again separated.
MAJOR-GENERAL BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BUTLER was born in Deerfield, New Hampshire, November 5, 1818, and was graduated from Waterville Col lege in 1838. He practised law and entered political life. As a brigadier-general of the Mas sachusetts State Militia, he answered President Lincoln's call and was placed in command of the Department of Annapolis. In May, 1861, he was made major-general of volunteers and given
the Department of Virginia, and in August led the troops that assisted in the capture of Forts Hat- teras and Clark. On March 20, 1862, he was put in command of the Department of the Gulf and his troops occupied New Orleans on May 1st. His army gained possession of most of the lower Mis sissippi, and in December he was relieved by Major-General Banks. On November 1st, he as sumed command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and personally led the Eight eenth Corps (Army of the James) until May 2, 1864. He was sent to New York city in October to cope with the anticipated disturbance during the presidential election. Following an unsuc cessful expedition (December 1864) against Fort Fisher, he was removed by Lieutenant-Gcneral Grant. He was elected to Congress as a Repub lican, in 1866. In 1883, he was Democratic governor of Massachusetts, and in the following year was the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Greenback-Labor and Anti-Monopolist par ties. He died in Washington, January 11, 1893.
Armg
0f (Sttlf
CONSTITUTED February 23, 1862, comprising, in a general way, the territory of the Gulf States occupied by the Federal troops. Major-General Benjamin F. Butler was the first commander. He was followed by Major-Generals N. P. Banks, S. A. Hurlbut, and E. R. S. Canby, who com manded after the close of the war. There were, at first, many separate bodies of troops scattered over the department. One of these, the Nine teenth Army Corps, was organized in January, 1863, and was discontinued as a corps in this department November 7, 1864. The Thirteenth Army Corps joined this army from that of the Tennessee in August, 1863, and remained until June, 1864. A detachment of the Sixteenth Corps, also from the Army of the Tennessee, joined for the Red River expedition, in March, 1864. On May 7, 1864, the Department of the Gulf was merged in the Military Division of West Missis sippi, but retained a separate existence.
MAJOR-GENERAL NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS was bor*j* in Waltham, Massachusetts, January 30, 181 He received a common-school educa tion, practised law, and was a prominent mem ber of Congress from 1853 to 1857. He was
governor of Massachusetts from 1858 until 1861, and when the Civil War broke out he was presi dent of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, but immediately offered his services to the Gov ernment. He was made major-general of volun teers, and was appointed to the command of the Department of Annapolis, and then to the De partment of the Shcnandoah. In the organiza tion of the Army of the Potomac in March, 1862, he was assigned to the Fifth Corps, but his force was detached April 4, 1862, and remained in the Shenandoah Valley, where Banks had command until that corps was merged in the Army of Vir ginia, June 26, 1862. After the Army of Vir ginia was discontinued, Banks was at the head of the Military District of Washington until Oc tober 27, 1862. He succeeded Major-General B. F. Butler in command of the Department of the Gulf, and was actively engaged along the lower Mississippi and Red rivers. He resigned his commission after the disastrous Red River expedition of 1864, and was reelected to Con gress. In 1890, owing to an increasing mental disorder, he was obliged to retire from public life. He died at his home in Waltham, September 1, 1894.
180]
TWO COMMANDERS
OF THE
THIRD ARMY CORPS, SICKLES
AND IIEINTZLEMAN
Daniel E. Sickles Commanded t h e Third Corps at Chancellors v il le and Gettysburg.
S. P. Heintzelman Led the Third Corps at Fair Oaks and Second Bull Run.
FEDERAL
MAJOR- GENERALS
COMMANDERS OF THE
THIRD AND FOURTH
ARMY CORPS
W. H. French Commanded the
Third Corps in the Mine
Run Campaign.
T. J. Wood Commanded the Fourth Corps (West) at Nashville, 1804.
Erasmus D. Keyes Commanded the Fourth Corps (East) on the Peninsula.
Army uf
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD RICHARD SPRIGG CANBY (U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Kentucky in 1819. Entering the army, he served in the Semi- nole and Mexican wars. When the Civil War broke out, he served first as colonel in New Mexico, held that territory for the Union, and prevented a Con federate invasion of California. Then, for some time, he was on special duty in the North and East. In May, 1864, with the rank of major- general of volunteers, he assumed command of the Military Division of West Mississippi. He captured Mobile, April 12, 1865, and the follow ing month arranged for the surrender of the Con federate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Depart ment. June 3, 1865, he succeeded to the command of the Army and Department of the Gulf. After the close of the war he was made brigadier-gen eral in the regular army, and was put in com mand of the Department of the Columbia. While engaged in attempting to settle difficulties between the Government and the Modoc Indians, he was treacherously murdered by their chief, April 11, 1873.
MAJOR-GENERAL GORDON GRANGER (U.S.M.A. 1845) was born in New York city in 1821, and served in the Mexican War and on the South western frontier. When the Civil War broke out,
he was made captain and rose through successive grades until his appointment of major-general of volunteers was dated September 17, 1862. He fought at Wilson's Creek, and later commanded the cavalry and had a brigade in the Army of the Mississippi. Then he had charge of the so-called Army of Kentucky, from August to October, 1862, and served in the Department of the Ohio until put in charge of the newly organi/ed Reserve Corps of the Army of the Cumberland. At Chick- amauga, he rendered most timely assistance to Thomas and won a brevet of lieutenant-colonel in the regular army. He was the first commander of the new Fourth Corps until April, 1864, when he was sent to command the district of South Ala bama, the troops of which were merged in the Reserve Corps, Department of the Gulf (after ward called New Thirteenth Army Corps) of which Granger took command in January, 1865. He commanded the land forces at the fall of Forts Morgan and Gaines (August, 1864), and in the operations around Mobile that resulted in its cap ture, April, 1865. After the war, Major-General Granger was mustered out of the volunteer service and received the commission of colonel in the regular army. He was brevetted major-general in March, 1865. He died in Santa Fe, New Mex ico, January 10, 1876.
of
THE FOURTEENTH AND TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas (November 1864-April 1865) were so known. This force was commanded by Major-Gen- eral Henry W. Slocum, and constituted the left wing of Sherman's army.
MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY WARNKR SLOCUM (U.S.M.A. 1852) was born in Delphi, New York, September 24, 1827, and, beginning the practice of law at Syracuse, New York, he resigned his commission as first lieutenant in 1855. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined McDowell's troops as colonel of the Twenty-seventh New York Volunteers, and at Bull Run was severely wounded. In August, 1861, as brigadier-general of volun teers, he commanded a brigade of Franklin's Di vision of the Army of the Potomac, and later had a division in the Sixth Corps. At Gaines' Mill and Glendalc, General Slocum took a prominent part, and after the battle of Malvern Hill he was pro
moted. As major-general of volunteers, he was given the Twelfth Corps in October, 1862. He fought with the armies of the Potomac and of Virginia, and was sent by Major-General Meadc to command the army on the first day of Get tysburg. He went West with his corps, and was commanding at Tullahoma during the battle of Chattanooga. For short periods, in 1864 and 1865, he had charge of the District of Vicks- burg. In the Atlanta campaign, he was in com mand of the Twentieth Corps and during the march to the sea and the Georgia and Carolina campaigns, he was at the head of the Army of Georgia, which formed the left wing of General Sherman's army. At the battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, General Slocum repulsed John ston's attack, and later was present at the sur render of the Confederate Army. He resigned his commission in 1865, and devoted himself to the law. He died in Brooklyn, New York, April 14, 1894. 182]
Fitz John Porter Commanded the Fifth Corps on the Peninsula.
George Sykes Commanded the Fifth Corps at Gettysburg.
William Farrar Smith Led the Sixth Corps at Frederieksburg.
FEDERAL MAJOR-GENERALS COMMANDERS OF THE FIFTH AND SIXTH ARMY CORPS
Horatio G. Wright Commanded the
Sixth Corps in the Shenandoah
and Petersburg Campaigns.
William Buel Franklin Commanded Gouverneur Kemble Warren, Long
the Sixth Corps on the Peninsula Associated with the Fifth Corps,
and at Antietam under McClellan. finally as Corps Commander.
Armg of ilj?
A FORCE belonging to the Middle Military Di vision, organized for Major-General P. H. Sheri dan, in August, 1864, in order to drive Lieuten- ant-Gcncral Early from the Shenandoah valley. It consisted of the Sixth Corps from the Army of the Potomac, and a detachment of the Nineteenth Corps, Army of the Gulf. There was also a cav alry corps made up of two divisions of the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac. With it acted the troops of the Department of West Virginia, a
force created from the Eighth Corps (Middle Department), and sometimes called the Army of West Virginia, under the command of Major- General George Crook. Major-General Wright of the Sixth Corps had charge of the Army of the Shenandoah for a few days in October, 1864, and Major-General A. T. A. Torbert assumed the command in February, 18(55, when Sheridan rejoined the Army of the Potomac with the cav alry.
Army of ilt£
THE FIELD FORCES in Missouri and Kansas were organized into the Army of the Frontier on October 12, 1862. It was commanded by Major- Generals J. M. Schofield and F. J. Herron, and by Major-General James G. Blunt temporarily. It was very active during its existence, and fought many minor engagements in the Southwest, in cluding Clark's Mill, Missouri, and Prairie Grove, Arkansas, and the capture of Van Buren, Arkan sas. The army went out of existence June 5, 1863, and its troops were scattered among the dis tricts in Tennessee and Missouri.
MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS JAY HERRON was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and gave up his business career in Iowa to go to the front as lieutenant-colonel of an Iowa regiment. He served in the Army of the Southwest, and was captured at Pea Ridge after conduct that brought him great praise and a medal of honor. He was given a division of the Army of the Frontier, which lie commanded at Prairie Grove. From March to June, 1863, he was, as major-general of volunteers, at the head of the army itself. Later, as division commander of the Thirteenth Corps, he was present at the fall of Vicksburg, and also held command in Texas and at Port Hudson. He
received the surrender of the Confederate forces west of the Mississippi in May, 1865. He resigned from the service in June, 1865, and practised law in New Orleans and New York. He died Jan uary 8, 1902.
MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES G. BLUNT was born in Trenton, Maine, in 1826, and became a physician. He settled in Kansas, where he became prominent for his work in the anti-slavery movement. He went to the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel and was made brigadier-general of volunteers in April, 1862. He was placed at the head of the Depart ment of Kansas on May 5, 1862, and when that department was merged in that of Missouri, on September 19th, he was given a division in the Army of the Frontier. On December 7th, his division and that of Brigadier-General F. J. Her ron checked, at Prairie Grove, Arkansas, the ad vance of Major-General Hindman into Missouri. Blunt was senior officer in command of both divi sions in the battle. From June, 1863 to January, 1864, he was at the head of the District of the Frontier, that army having been broken up. From October, 1864, to the end of the war he command ed the District of South Kansas. He died in Washington, I). C., July 25, 1881.
Army: of tlje iHomttaiu
CREATED March 11, 1862, from the Depart- against "Stonewall" Jackson in the Shenandoah mcnt of Western Virginia. On March 29th, Brig- vallejT, and its principal engagements were those
at McDowell and Cross Keys. On June 26, 1862, the Mountain Department became the First Corps,
adier-General Rosecrans turned over the troops therein to Major-General John C. Fremont. This force co-operated with Banks and McDowell
Army of Virginia.
184]
John A. Dix Commanded the Seventh Corps (East) in 1862.
Robert C. Schenck Commanded the Eighth Corps in 1863.
FEDERAL MAJOR- GENERALS COMMANDERS OF THE SEVENTH,
EIGHTH
AND NINTH
ARMY
CORPS
J. J. Reynolds Commanded the Seventh Corps (West) in 1864.
John E. Wool Commanded the Eighth Corps in 1862.
John G. Parke Commanded the Ninth Corps at Petersburg.
Orlando B. Willcox Commanded the Ninth Army Corps in 1863-4.
3Ftrst Army
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN CHARLES FREMONT was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 1813. He became professor of mathematics in the United States navy, and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers, in 1838. He conducted several ex ploring expeditions to the Far West, during one of which he fomented a revolt against Mexican rule in California and raised the Bear Flag in that region. Later, he assisted in the Mexican War and was made civil governor of California by Commodore Stockton. Trouble arose between him and General Kearny, who had been charged with the establishment of the Government, which resulted in a court martial and Fremont's resigna tion from the army. He settled in California, represented that State in the Senate, and was the
unsuccessful Republican candidate for President, in 1856. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was appointed major-general, and on July 25, 1861, put at the head of the Western Department, with headquarters at St. Louis, where lie made an attempt to free the slaves of Southern sympathiz ers. This act led to his removal in November, and the following March he was given command of the newly created Mountain Department. He refused to serve as corps commander under Major-Gen eral Pope when his troops were merged in the Army of Virginia. He resigned from the army in June, 1864. He became interested in railroad building and was governor of Arizona (1878- 1882). In 1890, he was reappointed major-gen eral and was retired with that rank on April 28th. He died July 13, 1890.
Armg
THE FIRST ARMY CORPS was originally planned to consist of the troops of the Mountain Depart ment, earlier known as the Department of West ern Virginia, under command of Brigadier-Gen eral W. S. Rosecrans, but by order of the Presi dent, the First Corps, from troops of the Army of the Potomac, was placed under command of Major- General Irvin McDowell, March 13, 1862. ' On April 4th, the First Corps was discontinued and the troops sent to the Department of the Rappahan- nock, and then in turn merged in the Army of Virginia, as the Third Corps, on June 26, 1862. The First Corps, Army of the Potomac, was re created September 12, 1862, from the troops of the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, coming successively under command of Major-General Joseph Hooker, Brigadier-General George G. Meade, Brigadier-General J. S. Wadsworth, Ma jor-Generals J. F. Reynolds, Abner Doubleday, and John Newton. This corps rendered gallant service at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, among the more important engagements. It was discon tinued March 24, 1864, when it became merged in the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac.
MAJOR-GKNKKAL IKVIN Me DOWKM, (U.S.M.A. 1838) was born in Columbus, Ohio, October 15, 1818. He rendered distinguished service in the Mexican War. As brigadier-general at the head of the Department of Northeastern Virginia, he
had command of the Union army at First Bull Run. Afterward, with a commission of major- general of volunteers, he had a division in the Army of the Potomac. In further reorganiza tions and changes he headed his troops as com mander of the First Corps, Army of the Potomac ; Department of the Rappahannock, and Third Corps, Army of Virginia. His conspicuous serv ices at Cedar Mountain won him the brevet of major-general, which full rank he attained in 1872. Immediately after Second Bull Run he was relieved from field service, and was president of several army boards. In July, 1864, he was placed at the head of the Department, of the Pacific, and after the war held various commands. He was retired in 1882, and died in San Francisco, May 4, 1885.
MAJOR-GENERAL ABNER DOUBLEDAY (U.S. M.A. 1842) was born at Ballston Spa, New York, .June 26, 1819, and served in the Mexican and Seminolc wars. As captain of the artillery he was at. Fort Sumter under Major Anderson, and fired upon the Confederates the first Federal gun of the Civil War. He served under Major-General Patterson in the Valley, and on February 3, 1862, was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in charge of the defenses of Washington. He had a brigade in the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, and afterward a division, which he re tained when the corps again became the First
186
J. M. Brannan Commanded the Tenth Corps in 1802-63.
FEDERAL MAJOR GENERALS
David I?. Birney Commanded the Tenth Corps in 18(>4.
W. T. H. Brooks Commanded the Tenth Corps in 18(i4.
COMMANDERS
OF THE TENTH ARMY CORPS
Ormsby M. Mitchel Commanded the Tenth Corps in 1862.
Alfred H. Terry Commanded the Tenth Corps in 1864-65.
Armg
Corps, Army of the Potomac. In November, 1862, he became major-general of volunteers. He fought at Fredericksburg and Chanccllors- ville. When Reynolds was killed on the field of Gettysburg, the command of the First Corps fell upon him for the day, July 1, 1863, until he was succeeded by Major-General John Newton. After being mustered out of the volunteer service, he served as colonel in the regular army until he was retired in 1873. He had been brevetted brig adier and major-general in 1865. Major-General Doubleday was the author of several important military works. He died January 27, 1893, at Mendham, New Jersey.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN NEWTON (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Norfolk, Virginia, August 24, 1823. After graduation he taught engineering at West Point for three years, and then devoted him self to the construction of fortifications. The outbreak of the Civil War found him chief engi neer of the Department of Pennsylvania, and he assisted in preparing the defenses of the national capital. The rank of brigadier-general of volun teers was given him in September, 1861, and he remained with the organization which was eventu ally the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, as brigade and division commander, being made ma jor-general of volunteers in March, 1863. He suc ceeded to the command of the corps after Reyn olds' death at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, and led it until it was discontinued, March 24, 1864. His ap pointment as major-general of volunteers expired in April, 1864, and with his former title he suc ceeded Sheridan in a division of the Fourth Corps,
Army of the Cumberland. After the war, he con tinued in the regular army and reached the grade of brigadier-general in 1884, being retired in 1886. His most renowned achievement was the removal of the reefs at Hell Gate in the harbor of New York. General Newton was commissioner of public works, New York city, from 1887 to 1888, and then president of the Panama Railroad Company. He died, May 1, 1895.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN FULTON REYNOLDS (U. S.M.A. 1841) was born in Lancaster, Pennsyl vania, September 20, 1820, and served in the Mexican War, and in the Rogue River Indian and Utah expeditions. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was commandant at West Point, but with the rank of brigadier-general of volun- teers took active part in the operations of the Army of the Potomac from August, 1861. He commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania Re serves which was merged in the First Corps, Army of the Potomac. He went with McDowell to the Department of the Rappahannock but returned to the Army of the Potomac at the head of a brigade in the Fifth Corps, for the move to the James. He was taken prisoner at Glendale but was exchanged. The brigade joined the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, in which Reynolds com manded a division. Again with the Army of the Potomac, Reynolds was given the First C'orps on September 29, 1862, and later was made major- general of volunteers. On the first day of Gettys burg, July 1, 1863, he was killed by a Confederate sharpshooter. Reynolds' loss was most keenly felt in the Federal army.
CREATED by the general order of March 3, 1862, chiefly from Sumner's and Blenker's divi sions of the Army of the Potomac as constituted in October, 1861. Major-General Sumner was its first commander, and his successors were Ma- jor-Generals D. N. Couch, John Scdgwick, O. O. Howard, W. S. Hancock, G. K. Warren, D. B. Birney, A. A. Humphreys, Brevet Major-Gencrals Gershom Mott, N. A. Miles, and F. C. Barlow, and Brigadier-Generals John Gibbon, William Hays, and J. C. Caldwell. The Second Corps was with the Army of the Potomac all through the war and took part in all its great engagements. It suf fered most severely at Antietam. It was discon
tinued June 28, 1865. The Second Corps made a notable record for itself. One interesting fact is that until the battle of Spotsylvania, on May 10, 1864, it never lost a gun or a color.
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWIN VOSE SUMNER was born in Boston, January 30, 1797, enlisting in the army in 1819. He rendered distinguished service in the Black Hawk and Mexican wars, and was military governor of New Mexico from 1851 to 1853. As brigadier-general, he superseded Brevet Brigadier-General Albert Sidney Johnston in the command of the Department of the Pacific in April, 1861. He came East to participate in
[188]
FEDERAL MAJOR-GENERALS
Franz Sigel Commanded tlu- 1 1th Corps. lnnis M Palmer Commanded the Uth Corps.
COMMANDERS
OF THE
ELEVENTH
TWELFTH
Jeff C. Davis Commanded the 14th Corps. C. C. Washburn Commanded the 13th Corps.
THIRTEENTH
AND
FOURTEENTH ARMY CORPS
George W. Morgan Commanded the 13th Corps.
Alpheus S. \YilIiams Commanded the 12th Corps
Army dorps
the Civil War, and became the first commander of the Second Army Corps. He was made major- general of volunteers, July 4, 1862. He was wounded in the Peninsula campaign and also at Antietam. Upon Burnside's reorganization of the army, he commanded the Right Grand Division. When Hooker was put at the head, Major-Gen eral Sumner was relieved at his own request, and sent to the Department of Missouri. But he died on the way there, at Syracuse, New York, March 21, 1863.
MAJOR-GENERAL DARIUS NASH COUCH (U.S. M.A. 1846) was born in Putnam County, New York, July 23, 1822, and served in the Mexican and the Serainole wars, being brevetted first lieu tenant in the former. In 1855, he resigned from the army and entered mercantile life in New York city, but returned to his profession at the opening of the Civil War as colonel of volunteers. He was identified with the Department and Army of the Potomac, first as brigade commander (August, 1861— March, 1862), then as division commander in the Fourth Army Corps to September, 1862, when he was made major-general of volunteers and his division was transferred to the Sixth Corps. In October, 1862, Couch was placed at the head of the Second Corps, which he led at Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsvillc. From June, 1863, to December, 1864, he was at the head of the Department of the Susquehanna, when he was given a division of the Twenty-third Army Corps, and fought at the battle of Nashville. He resigned from the army in 1865, and was defeated for governor of Massachusetts on the Democratic ticket in the same year. Subsequently, he was collector of the port of Boston, and quartermas ter-general and adjutant-general of Connecticut. He died in Norwalk, Connecticut, February 12, 1897.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL WILLIAM HAYS (U.S. M.A.
1840) was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1819, and served in the Mexican War. As lieutenant- colonel he ha«J a brigade of horse artillery in the Army of the Potomac through the Peninsula campaign, the artillery reserve at Antietam, and the artillery of the Right Grand Division at Fredericksburg. In November, 1862, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and at Chancellorsville, in command of a brigade in the Second Army Corps he was wounded and cap tured. He was 'exchanged, and after the wound ing of Hancocl at Gettysburg, he had command
of the corps for a short time. Then he spent some time in the Department of the East and later had a brigade in the Second Corps. He died in Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, February
7, 1875.
MAJOR-GENERAL GERSHOM MOTT was born in Trenton, New Jersey, April 7, 1822, and served in the Mexican War. He went to the front in the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth New Jersey Infantry, and later became colonel of the Sixth New Jersey. In September, 1862, he was promoted to brigadier-general of volun teers, and had a brigade in the Third Corps from December, 1862, to March, 1864, and then had consecutively two divisions of the Second Corps. Several times he took command of the corps dur ing the absence of Major-General Humphreys. Mott was brevetted major-general of volunteers in August, 1864, and received the title May 28, 1865, shortly before being mustered out. After the war, he was at one time treasurer of the State of New Jersey, and died in New York city, No vember 29, 1884.
MAJOR-GENERAL NELSON APPLETON MILES was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, August
8, 1839. He entered mercantile life, but went to the front in the Civil War as first lieutenant in the Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, and in May, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Sixty-first New York Infantry. By September he had risen to a colonelcy of volunteers. lie fought with the Army of the Potomac in all its battles and was wounded at Chancellorsville. From March to July, 1864, he had a brigade in the Second Corps and was made brigadier-general in May. The rank of major-general of volun teers was given him in October, 1865. After the war he entered the regular army as colonel, and his chief service was against the Indians in tin- West. In the Spanish-American War he com manded the United States army, and personally led the Porto Rico expedition, and upon the re organization of the Army of the United States he- was appointed lieutenant-general (1900), being retired with that rank three years later.
MAJOR-GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK (U.S. M.A. 1844) was born in Montgomery Square, Pennsylvania, February 14, 1824. He served in the Mexican War and in the border troubles in Kansas, and had risen to the rank of captain when the Civil War broke out. He was
190]
FEDERAL MAJOR- GENERALS
P. J. Osterhaus Commanded the Fifteenth Corps in 186-t.
S. A. Hurlbut Commanded the Sixteenth Corps in 1863.
J. A. Mower Commanded the Seventeenth Corps in the Carolinas.
J. G. Foster Commanded the Eighteenth Army Corps in 1864.
John H. Martindiile Commanded the Eigh teenth Corps in Front of Richmond.
COMMANDERS
OF THE
FIFTEENTH
SIXTEENTH
SEVENTEENTH
EIGHTEENTH
AND
NINETEENTH ARMY ('OKI'S
William H. Kmory Commanded the Nine teenth Corps in the Shenandoah Valley.
9?rmtii Armg
made brigadier-general of volunteers in Septem ber, 1861, and had a brigade in the Fourth Army Corps at Williamsburg, where McClellan called him " Hancock the Superb." At Antietam, he distinguished himself, and succeeded Richardson at the head of a division of the Second Corps. In November, 1862, he was made major-general of volunteers. His troops did noteworthy work at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and Hancock received the Second Corps, in May, 1863. At Get tysburg, Meade sent him to take charge on the first day, after Reynolds' death, and on the third day he himself was severely wounded. In March,
1864, he resumed command of the Second Corps. He took charge of the Department of West Vir ginia and Middle Military Division in March,
1865, After the war, he became major-general in
1866, and commanded various departments. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency against Garficld. Of Hancock, General Grant once said: " Hancock stands the most conspicuous figure of all the general officers who did not ex ercise a separate command. He commanded a corps longer than any other one, and his name was never mentioned as having committed in battle a blunder for which he was responsible." He died on Governor's Island, New York, Feb ruary 9, 1886.
MAJOR-GENERAL ANDREW ATKINSON HUMPH REYS (U.S.M.A. 1831) was born in Philadelphia, November 2, 1810. He was closely associated with engineering and coast-survey work until the outbreak of the Civil War, when, as major, he be came a member of Major-General McClellan's staff. In April, 1862, he was made brigadier-gen eral of volunteers and was chief topographical engineer of the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula campaign. He had a division of the Fifth Corps from September, 1862, to May, 1863, and fought at Fredericksburg and Chancellors ville. He was then given a division of the Third Corps, and after Gettysburg was promoted to major-general of volunteers and made General Meade's chief of staff. In the final campaign against Lee, lie had the Second Corps (November, 1864, to June, 1865). After being mustered out of the volunteer service, September 1, 1866, he was made brigadier-general and placed at the head of the Engineer Corps of the United States army. He was retired in July, 1879, and died in Washington, December 27, 1883. He received brevets for gallant and meritorious services at the battles of Fredericksburg, Va., Gettysburg, Pa., and Sailors Creek, Va.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN GIBBON (U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Holmesburg, Pennsylvania, April 27, 1827, and served in the Mexican War. Later, he was instructor in artillery practice and quartermaster at West Point. He had reached the giade of captain when the Civil War broke out, and became McDowell's chief of artillery. He was pro moted to brigadier-general of volunteers in May, 1862. He had a brigade in the Third Corps, Army of Virginia, and a brigade and division in the First Corps, Army of the Potomac. He was given a division in the Second Army Corps, which he held for the most part until August,
1864. When Hancock was sent by Meade to take charge at Gettysburg on the first day, Gibbon was given temporary command of the corps and was seriously wounded. As major-general of volunteers, he had command of the Eighteenth and Twenty-fourth army corps for short periods. When mustered out of the volunteer service, he continued in the regular army as colonel, and rose to be brigadier-general in 1885. He did much In dian fighting, and in 1891 was retired from active service. He died in Baltimore, February 6, 1896.
MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS CHANNING BARLOW was born in Brooklyn, New York, October 19, 1834, and was a Harvard graduate of 1855. He enlisted as a private in the Twelfth New York Militia, and after the three months' service had expired, he returned to the field as lieutenant- colonel of the Sixty-first New York. His rise was rapid, due to ability displayed in the Army of the Potomac, and he was made brigadier-general of volunteers after the battle of Antietam (Sep tember, 1862), where he was badly wounded. He had a brigade in the Eleventh Corps at Chan cellorsville, and a division at Gettysburg, when he was again badly wounded. On recovery, lie was assigned to duty in the Department of the South and afterward given a division in the Sec ond Army Corps, March 1864, and served until the Army of the Potomac was discontinued. He was made major-general of volunteers in May,
1865, for his conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Spotsylvania. In April and May, 1865, he had command of the Second Corps. General Bar low resigned from the army November 16, 1865, and returned to New York, where he entered polit ical life and resumed the practice of law. He was secretary of state of New York 1865-1868, and attorney-general for New York from 1871 to 1873, in which capacity he conducted the prosecution of " Boss " Tweed and other municipal officials. He died in New York city, January 11, 1896.
192]
FP:DERAL
MAJOR-GENERALS
COMMANDERS
OF
ARMY CORPS
TWENTIETH
TWENTY-FIRST
TWENTY-SECOND
TWENTY-THIRD
TWENTY-FOURTH
AND
TWENTY-FIFTH CORPS
A. McD. McCook Commanded the Twentieth Corps at Chickamauga.
Thos. L. Crittenden Commanded the C. C. Augur Commanded the Twenty- G. L. Hartsuff Commanded the Twenty- Twenty-first Corps in 18G3. second Corps at Port Hudson. third Corps in 1863.
E. O. C. Ord Commanded the Twenty- fourth Corps in 186.5.
Godfrey Weitzcl Commanded the Twenty-fifth Corps in 1864-5.
Army (E0rp0
ON THE REORGANIZATION of the Army of the Potomac in March, 1862, n body of troops, chiefly from Heint/elman's, Porter's and Hooker's divi sions of the earlier organization, was constituted the Third Army Corps. In May, Porter's men were transferred to the new provisional Fifth Army Corps. The future additions to the corps were chiefly from the Eighth and Twenty-second corps. The corps fought in the battles of the Army of the Potomac, and two divisions were sent to the assistance of the Army of Virginia at Sec ond Bull Run and Chantilly. On March 24, 186-t, it was merged in the Second Corps. Its commanders were Brigadier-Generals S. P. Heintzelman and George Stoneman, and Major- Generals D. E. Sickles, D. B. Birney, and W. H. French.
MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL PETER HEINTZEL MAN (U.S.M.A. 1826) was born in Manheim, Pennsylvania^ September 30, 1805, and served on the frontier, in Florida, in the Mexican War, and in California and Texas. At the opening of the Civil War he was promoted to a colonelcy, and became inspector-general of the defenses of Wash ington. In May, 1861, he was placed in com mand at Alexandria, Virginia. He headed the Third Division at Bull Run, and in subsequent or ganizations of the Army of the Potomac he had a brigade, a division, and afterward the Third Corps, which he commanded until November, 1862. His conduct, at Fair Oaks won him a brevet of brigadier-general, for he was now major-gen eral of volunteers. He fought through the Pen insula campaign, and was sent to assist Pope at Second Bull Run and Chantilly. He was in com mand of the defenses and later of the Depart ment of Washington (Twenty-second Army Corps) from September, 1862, to October, 1863. After this, he took no active part in the war, but was commander of the Northern Department from January to October, 1864, and then served on court martials. He was mustered out of the volunteer service August, 1865, and wras retired from the army with the rank of major-general, February 22, 1869. He died in Washington, May 3, 1880.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGK STONEMAN (U.S.M. A. 1846) was born in Bust.i, New York, August 8, 1822, and was captain in command at, Fort Brown, Texas, when the Civil War broke out. He refused to obey the order of General Twiggs
to surrender the property of the United States Government to the State of Texas, and escaped by steamer to New York. His first active service in the Civil War was as major in the West Vir ginia campaign, and as brigadier-general of vol unteers he had the cavalry command in the Army of the Potomac. It was his troops that brought on the action at Williamsburg in May, 1862. After the death of Major-General Kearny, at Chantilly, he succeeded eventually to the command of his division, and later succeeded Major-General Heintzelman in the command of the Third Army Corps, which he led at Fredericksburg. He was promoted to major-general of volunteers in com mand of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, and led a famous raid toward Richmond during the Chancellorsville campaign. From January to April, 1864, he was in command of the Twenty- third Army Corps, and then received the cavalry division of the same organization. After a raid in the Atlanta campaign, in which he was cap tured and held prisoner for three months, he as sumed command of the Department of the Ohio, and later the District of East, Tennessee, where his operations were very successful, especially his raid into North Carolina, in April, 1865. He was retired from the regular army witli the rank of colonel, in 1871, and went to California, of which State he was governor from 1883 to 1887. He died in Buffalo, New York, September 5, 1894.
MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL EDGAR SICKLES was born in New York city, October 20, 1825. Ad mitted to the bar in 1846, he afterward served in the State legislature, the diplomatic service, and in Congress, where he was when the Civil Wai- broke out. He raised the Excelsior Brigade of five New York regiments, which served in the Army of the Potomac with Sickles as brigadier- general of volunters at its head. In March, 1862, it was incorporated in the Third Army Corps. He led his brigade through the Peninsula cam paign, commanded a division at Fredericksburg and, as major-general of volunteers, the Third Corps at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In tlie latter battle he lost a leg on the second day. He continued in the army after the close of the war, and was retired with rank of major-general in 1869. He went on a secret diplomatic mission to South America in 1867, and was minister to Spain, 1869-1873. He was sheriff of New York County, in 1890, and Democratic member of Con gress, 1892-94, as well as president of the New
[194]
John E. Phelps, of Arkansas — Marcus La Rue, of Arkansas — John B. Slough, of Colorado — Patrick E. Connor, of Califor- Colonel of the 2d Cavalry. Promoted for Gallantry. Engaged in New Mexico. nia — Colonel of the 3d Infantry.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 1— ARKANSAS (first two above). COLORADO (third above).
CALIFORNIA (fourth above and six below).
James Shields, Brave Irish Soldier, George S. Evans, Originally Colonel George W. Bowie, Originally Colonel A Friend of Lincoln. of the 2d Cavalry. of the 5th Infantry.
Edward McGarry, Brevet ted for Conspicuous Gallantry.
James W. Denver; Denver, Colo. Named After Him.
J. H. Carleton Commanded a Column in March Across Arizona.
This is the first of 29 groups embracing representative general officers of 34 states and territories. On preceding pages portraits appear of many leaders, including all the commanders of armies and army corps, and all generals killed in battle. Many others appear in preceding volumes, as identified with particular events or special branches, such as cavalry and artillery and the signal and medical corps. Information of every general officer can be found through the index and the roster concluding this volume.
Jfaurtlj Armg OJnrjxa
York State Board of Civil Service Commissioners for several years.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY FRENCH (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Baltimore, January 13, 1815, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars. In September, 1861, he was appointed brigadier- general of volunteers and major-gen eral of volunteers the following year. He had a brigade in Sumner's Division, a division in the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, and for a
short time a command in the Eighth Corps, that joined the Third Corps after the battle of Gettys burg. He was in command of the Third Corps, from July 7, 1863, to January 28, 186-1, and again from February 17th to March 24, 1864. In May, 1864, he was mustered out of the volunteer service, and was brevetted major-general the following year. In the regular army he rose to the rank of colonel in 1877, and, in 1880, was retired from active service. He died in Baltimore, May 20, 1881.
Jfaurilj Army Qtorpa (ftotnmar)
CREATED March 3, 1862, chiefly from troops in Couch's, W. F. Smith's, and Casey's divisions of the earlier Army of the Potomac, together with some new organizations. It was commanded by Major-General E. D. Keyes. The corps fought through the Peninsula campaign and remained in that region when the rest of the Army of the Potomac withdrew. The troops were gradually sent to other corps of the army — to North Caro lina, Washington, and other places, and the corps was discontinued on August 1, 1863.
MAJOR-GENERAL ERASMUS DARWIN KEYES (U. S.M.A. 1832) was born in Brimfield, Massachu
setts, May 29, 1810. He did duty on the Western frontier until the Civil War began, when he was raised to a colonelcy and made brigadier-general of volunteers in May, 1861. He commanded a brigade at Bull Run, and eventually was put in command of the Fourth Army Corps when it was created. His appointment as major-general of volunteers was dated from the battle of Williams- burg, and he received a brevet of brigadier-gen eral in the regular army for his gallant and meritorious service at Fair Oaks. He resigned from the army in May, 1864, and went to Cali fornia. He died in Nice, France, October 11, 1895.
THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST army corps were consolidated on September 28, 1863, and the new organization was designated the Fourth Army Corps — the first one of that name, in the Army of the Potomac, having passed out of existence. It was commanded by Major-Generals Gordon Granger, O. O. Howard, D. S. Stanley, and Brigadier-General T. J. Wood. The corps fought in the battle of Chattanooga, was sent to the relief of Knoxville, and took part in the At lanta campaign. When Sherman turned back to ward Atlanta from Gaylesville, Alabama, the Fourth Corps went into Tennessee for the cam paign against Hood. It fought at Franklin and Nashville, and was discontinued April 1, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID SLOAN STANLEY (U.S. M.A. 1852). was born in Cedar Valley, Ohio, June
1, 1828. He distinguished himself by his services, at the beginning of the Civil War, in the South west, at Dug Springs and Wilson's Creek. As brigadier-general of volunteers he had a division in the Army of the Mississippi and fought at Island No. 10, Itika, and Corinth. In November, 1862, he became chief of cavalry in the Army of the Cumberland, and soon afterward was made major-general of volunteers. In November, 1863, he received a division of the Fourth Corps and became its head in July, 186$, when Major-Gen eral Howard took command of the Army of the Tennessee. Major-Gcneral Stanley was wounded at Franklin, November 30, 1864, and this ended his active service in the war, although he again headed the corps from February to August, 1865. Later on, he was given a colonelcy in the regu lar army and fought against the Indians in the
196]
Orris S. Ferry, of (.'on- Joseph R. Ilawley, of necticut, Colonel of the Connecticut, Distin-
5th Regiment, Later guished at the Bat-
Li. S. Senator. tie of Olustee.
Henry W. Birge, of Con necticut, Commander of a Division in the 19th Corps.
Henry \V. Wessells, of Con necticut, Led Troops on the Peninsula in 1862.
H. II. Lockwood, of Del aware, Commander of a Brigade at Gettysburg.
Robert (). Tyler, of Connecticut, Com manded Artillery at Fredericksburg.
Loren/o Thomas, of Delaware,
Adjutant-General of the
United States Army.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 2
Daniel Tyler, of Connecticut, Led the Advance at Bull Run, 1861.
CONNECTICUT
DAKOTA DELAWARE
John B. S. Todd, of Dakota Terri tory, Appointed Brigadier-General to Date from September 19, 1861.
Army
Northwest. He was made brigadier-general in 1884, and was retired in 1892. He died in Wash ington, D. C., March 13, 1902.
MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS JOHN WOOD (U.S. M.A. 1845) was born in Mumfordville, Ken tucky, September 25, 1823, and served in the Mexican War. As brigadier-general of volun teers he had a brigade and then a division in the Army of the Ohio, a division of the Left Wing (Fourteenth Corps), Army of the Cumberland, which was continued in the Twenty-first Corps
when the Left Wing was reorganized, and likewise in the Fourth Corps until it was discontinued. He had command of the Twenty-first and Fourth corps for short periods, succeeding Stanley ir the latter at Franklin and leading it at Nash ville. He was wounded at Stone's River and in the Atlanta campaign. He was made major-gen eral of volunteers in January, 1865, and was mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, hav ing been brevetted major-general in 1865. He was retired in 1868, and died in Dayton, Ohio February 25, 1906.
ON THE ORGANIZATION of the Army of the Potomac into corps, March 3, 1862, the Fifth Army Corps was created and given to Major- General N. P. Banks. But this corps was de tached, April 4th, from the Army of the Potomac and assigned, with its commander, to the Depart ment of the Shcnandoah, and was made the Second Corps of the Army of Virginia, in June. On May 18th, a new Fifth Corps was created and existed provisionally until confirmed by the War Department. It was composed, at first, of Brig adier-General Porter's division of the Third Corps, and Brigadier-General Sykes' troops of the regular army. Other bodies of troops were added from time to time, and the First Corps was merged in it, when the Army of the Potomac was reorgani/ed in March, 1864. It was commanded from time to time by Brigadier-General F. J. Porter, Major-General Joseph Hooker, Brig adier-General Daniel Butterfield, Major-Generals George G. Meade, Charles Griffin, George Sykes, and A. A. Humphreys, Brevet Major-General S. K. Crawford, and Major-General G. K. Warren. The corps fought in whole or in part through all the battles of the Army of the Potomac.
MAJOR-GENERAL FITZ JOHN PORTER (U.S. M.A. 1845) was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, June 13, 1822, served in the Mexican War, and afterward taught at West Point. He was assistant adjutant-general in Albert Sidney John ston's Utah expedition, in 1857. When the Civil War broke out, he was appointed brigadier-gen eral of volunteers and served as chief of staff to Patterson and Banks. He was given a division in the Army of the Potomac, and after it had been
assigned to the Third Corps it was made the basi^ of the Fifth Corps, of which Porter was given command on May 18, 1862, just before Mc- Clellan's advance to the Chickahorniny. After fighting through the Peninsula campaign, Portei was made major-general of volunteers, and went with his corps to the assistance of Pope and tin Army of Virginia. At Second Bull Run, his ac tion on an order from Major-General Pope led to his dismissal from the army. After long years of struggle, in 1886 he succeeded in being restored to the army with the rank of colonel, and shortly afterward was retired. He was engaged in busi ness in New York and held several municipal offices. He died in Morristown, New Jersey. May 21, 1901.
MAJOR-GENERAL DANIEL BTTTERFIELD was born in Utica, New York, October 31, 1831, and was graduated from Union College. Early in the Civil War he became colonel of the Twelfth New York Volunteers, and brigadier-general of volun teers, taking part in the campaigns of McClellan, Burnsidc, Hooker, and Pope. At Fredericksburg, he had command of the Fifth Army Corps, and af terward became chief-of-staff to the commanding general. He went with Hooker to Chattanooga in October, 1863, and was his chief-of-staff until given a division in the Twentieth Army Corps, which he commanded until July, 1864. At the close of the war he was mustered out of the volun teer service and was brevetted major-general in the United States Army. He resigned from the army in 1869, and was United States treasurer in New York city, 1869-1870. He died at Cold Spring, New York, July 17, 1901.
[198]
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 3
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
(UPPER TWO)
ILLINOIS
(XINE BELOW)
George \V. Getty Led a Division in the Army of the Potomac.
Ish.nni Nichols Haynie, Orig inally Colonel of the 48th Reg iment.
Thomas E. G. Hanson Commanded the IGth Army Corps.
Samuel Sprigg Carroll, Brevctted for Gallantry at Spotsylvania.
Joseph Adal- mon M«i It by, Originally Col onel of the 4.;th Regiment.
John F. Farnsworth, Originally Colonel of the 8th Cavalry.
E. X. Kirk, Severely Wounded in Re sisting the Attack on Johnson's Division at Stone's River.
Alexander C. McClurg, Chief of Staff, 14th Army Corps.
Abner Clark Hardin, Promoted for Gallan try at Donelson.
Charles E. Hovey, Gallant Division Commander.
John McArtluir, Conspicuous as a Division Commander.
g>txtlj Armg (Corps
MAJOR-GEXERAL GOUVERXEUR KEMBLE WAR REN (U.S.M.A. 1850) was born at Cold Spring, New York, January 8, 1830. He made a spe cialty of topographical engineering, and was as sistant professor of mathematics at West Point until the beginning of the Civil War, when he came into active service as lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth New York Volunteers. His promotion was rapid, and he reached the rank of major-gen eral of volunteers in May, 1863. He served as brigade and division commander in the Fifth Army Corps, and in January, 1863, became chief topographical engineer, and, later, chief engineer of the Army of the Potomac. His service to the Union cause in defending Little Round Top at Gettysburg won him a brevet of colonel in the regular army. For a short time after Gettysburg he was in command of the Second Corps, and from March, 1864, to April, 1865, of the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac; after which he served for a short time in the Department of Mississippi. He left the volunteer service in May, 1865, having received the brevet of major-general in the regular army, in which he remained until February 13, 1866, when he resigned. His last years were spent on surveys and harbor improvements, and he died at Newport, Rhode Island, August 8, 1882.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE SYKES (U.S.M.A. was born in Dover, Delaware, October 9, , and served in the Mexican and Seminole wars. As major, he entered the Civil W7ar, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers in
September, 1861. He led a division of the Fifth Army Corps and was commander for several short periods, notably at the battle of Gettysburg. His commission of major-general of volunteers was dated November 29, 1862. In September- October, 1864, he was in command of the District of South Kansas. After leaving the volunteer service he was made colonel in the regular army, where he remained until he died in Brownsville, Texas, February 9, 1880.
MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES GRIFFIX (U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1826, and served in the Mexican W7ar and on the fron tier. He was captain when the Civil War broke out, at the head of the Fifth Artillery. His bat tery fought with great bravery at Bull Run. As brigadier-general of volunteers, he had a brigade and then a division in the Fifth Army Corps, and took part in most of its important battles. He was given command of the corps on April 1, 1865, from which dated his appointment as major- general of volunteers. He led his corps in the final operations against Petersburg, and at Lee's surrender he received the arms and colors of the Army of Northern Virginia. He was one of the commission to carry out the terms of the surren der. After the close of the war, as colonel in the regular army, he was in command of the Depart ment of Texas, where, during an outbreak of yellow fever, he refused to leave his post. Con tracting the disease, he died in Galvcston, Sep tember 15, 1867.
Army
THE CREATIOX of this corps was similar to that of the Fifth, on May 18, 1862. Its basis was Brigadier-General W. B. Franklin's division, which was transferred from the Department of the Rappahannock (McDowell's command) and Briga dier-General W. F. Smith's division of the Fourth Army Corps. Franklin was the first commander, and he was followed by Major-Gcnerals W. F. Smith, .John Sedgwick, Brigadier-General J. B. Ricketts, Major-General H. G. Wright, and Brevet Maj or-General G. W. Getty. One division of the corps was prominent at Gaines' Mill, where there were about twenty thousand men present for duty, and it was partially engaged at Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, and Frcdcricksburg.
In the last battle it was in the Left Grand Di vision. The corps carried Marye's Heights in the Chancellorsville campaign, but, excepting one bri gade, it was held in reserve at Gettysburg. Several changes were made in the reorganization of March, 1864, and with about twenty-five thousand men at the opening of the Wilderness campaign, it fought with the Army of the Potomac as far as Peters burg, when it was sent to the defense of Washing- ton. Afterward it joined the Army of the Shen- andoah and was prominent at the Opequon, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. In December, 1864, the corps returned to Petersburg and con tinued with the Army of the Potomac until it was discontinued, June 28, 1865.
[ 200 ]
P.' S. POST. Originally C
onel of the 59th Regi ment, Led a Brigade at Stone's River and Nashville.
JOHN W. TURNER, Com mander of a Division at Drewry's Bluff and in the Siege of Peters burg.
JULIUS WHITE, Originally Colonel of the 37th Regi ment.
JAMES GRANT WILSON, Orig inally Colonel of the 4th U. S. Cavalry.
AUGUST MEP.SY, Originall
Colonel of the 9th
Infantry.
LEONARD F. Ross, Originally
Colonel of the 17th
Regiment.
BENJAMIN M. PRENTISS
Noted for His Heroic
Defense at Shiloh.
JOHN EUGENE SMITH, Orig inally Colonel of the 45th Regiment.
RICHARD J. OGLESBY, Con spicuous at Corinth, where He was Wounded.
JOHN C. BLACK, Originally
. Colonel of the 37th
Regiment.
HASBROUCK DAVIS Led his
Command out of the Net
at Harper's Ferry.
ELIAS S. DENNIS, Originally
Colonel of the 30th Regiment;
Conspicuous at Mobile.
MICHAEL K. LAWLER
Promoted for Gallant Service
Throughout the War.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 4— ILLINOIS
GILES A. SMITH
Commander of a Division in
Georgia and the Carolinas.
Army (Corps
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM BUEL FRANKLIN (U.S.M.A. 1843) was born in York, Pennsyl vania, February 27, 1823, and served in the Mex ican War. He was also an engineer, and taught at West Point. At the opening of the Civil War, as colonel, he had a brigade at Bull Run, and subse quently a division in the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, which formed the nucleus of the Sixth when it was ordered to McClellan on the Peninsula, after having gone with McDowell to the Department of the Rappahannock. Franklin rose to be major-general of volunteers, his commission being dated July 4, 1862. In Burnside's reorgani zation of the Army of the Potomac, he commanded the Left Grand Division at Fredericksburg. His conduct in this battle was unsatisfactory to Burn- side, and Franklin was relieved from duty in the service. In August, 1863, he was put in command of the Nineteenth Army Corps, serving until May, 1864, and was wounded at Sabine Cross Roads on the Red River expedition. From December, 1864, to November, 1865, he was at the head of a board for retiring disabled officers. On the latter date he resigned from the volunteer service, and gave up the regular army, in which he had been brevettcd major-general on March 15, 1866. He then be came vice-president of the Colt Firearms Company, and was American commissioner-general to the Paris Exposition of 1889. He died in Hartford, Connecticut, March 8, 1903.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, Sep tember 13, 1813. He served with great distinction in the Mexican and Seminole wars. At the out break of the Civil War, he was lieutenant-colonel in the cavalry, and he rose to major-general of vol
unteers by July, 1862. After having a brigade in the Army of the Potomac, he was given a division of the Second Corps, and it met with frightful loss at Antietam, where Sedgwick was twice wounded. After recovery he took command of the Second and Ninth corps for short periods, and in February, 1863, he became head of the Sixth Army Corps, with which his name is so nobly associated. His brave attack upon the heights of Fredericksburg in May, 1863, won him renown. At Gettysburg, which he reached by a forced march on the second day, the left wing of the army was under his com mand. He was killed by a Confederate sharpshoot er near Spotsylvania Court House, May 9, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL HORATIO GOUVERNEUR WRIGHT (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Clinton, Connecticut, March 6, 1820. At the beginning of the Civil War he had the rank of captain, having been in the Engineers Corps since his graduation. He was chief engineer of the expedition that de stroyed the Norfolk Navy-Yard and occupied the same position in the Port Royal expedition. He was division commander in the Department of the South, and wras then placed at the head of the re created Department of the Ohio in August, 1862. Later, he was division and corps commander of the Sixth Army Corps. Being sent by Grant to de fend Washington, he took part in the Shenandoah campaign and rejoined the Army of the Potomac before Petersburg. He led the assault on April 2, 1865, which ended the siege. He was promoted to major-general of volunteers in May, 1864. He served on several important commissions after the war, being made brigadier-general in 1879, and was retired from the army in 1884. He died in Wash ington, July 2, 1899.
Army OInrpa
THE TROOPS in the Department of Virginia at Fort Monroe, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and elsewhere, were organized into the Seventh Army Corps, on July 22, 1862, which existed until discontinued on August 1, 1863, when the troops were merged in the Eighteenth Army Corps. It was commanded in turn by Major-General John A. Dix and Brig adier-Generals H. M. Naglee and G. W. Getty. Its principal engagements were the affair at De serted House, Virginia, and the defense of Suffolk, when besieged by Longstreet in 1863. Its greatest
strength, present for duty, was about thirty-three thousand.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN ADAMS Dix was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, July 24, 1798. In 1812, he entered the United States army as a cadet, and continued in military service until 1828, when he settled in Cooperstown, New York, to practise law. He served one term in the United States Sen ate, and became Secretary of the Treasury under President Buchanan. On the outbreak of the Civil
[202]
Robert Francis Catterson, Or- Silas Colgrove Forwarded Lee's iginally Colonel of the 97th "Lost Order" Before Antie- Regiment. tarn to McClellan.
Thomas T. Crittenden, Origi nally Colonel of the 6th Infantry.
Robert Sanford Foster,
Brevetted for
Gallantry.
Alvin P. Hovoy, Gallant Divi- Thomas John Lucas, Originally George F. McGinnis, Originally James W. McMillan, Originally sion Commander. Colonel of the 10th Infantry. Colonel of the llth Infantry. Colonel 1st Artillery.
John F. Miller, Colonel of the Charles Cruft, Conspicuous at Jeremiah C. Sullivan Fought Robert A. Cameron, Originally 2!)th Regiment; wounded Stone's River and Chat- in the Shenandoah and Vicks- Colonel of the 34th
at Stone's River. tanooga. burg Campaigns. Regiment.
W. P. Benton Commanded a F. Knefler, Originally Colonel Walter Q. Gresham, Engaged William Grose Led a Brigade Brigade at Pea Ridge. of the 79th Regiment. in the Nashville Campaign. under Thomas.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 5— INDIANA
Army (Carps (Department nf Arkansas)
War, Dix was appointed major-general of volun teers, and was given command of the Department of Annapolis (afterward Maryland, and finally merged in the Department of Pennsylvania, July, 1861). Then he was given a division at Baltimore, which became part of the Army of the Potomac, when it was organized. On March 22, 1862, Dix's Division was organized with other troops into the Middle Department, which he headed until June,
when he was transferred to the DcpartniTit of Virginia, the troops of which were organized into the Seventh Army Corps, in July. In July, 1863, Dix was transferred to the Department of the East with headquarters at New York, and remained there until the end of the war. He was twice min ister to France (1866-69) and was governor of New York, 1873-75. He died in New York city, April 21, 1879.
ANOTHER CORPS designated the Seventh was created on January 6, 1864, to consist of the troops in the Department of Arkansas. The com mand was given to Major-General Frederick Steele, who was succeeded by Major-General J. J. Reynolds in December, 186-1. For a year from May, 186-1, the corps was a unit of the Military Division of West Mississippi and was discontinued August 1, 1865. The principal fighting done by the Seventh Corps was in Stecle's Arkansas Expe dition, especially at Jenkins' Ferry.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH JONES REYNOLDS (U. S.M.A. 1843) was born in Flcmingsburg, Ken tucky, January 4, 1822. He taught at West Point and, after resigning, at Washington Uni versity, St. Louis, and finally engaged in busi ness in Lafayette, Indiana. He entered the Civil
War as colonel of the Tenth Indiana Volunteers, and reached the rank of major-general of volun teers in November, 1862. After active service in Western Virginia, he had a division in the Army of the Cumberland, and was chief-of-staff to Rose- crans in October, 1863. In December, lie was put in command of the defenses of New Orleans, and on July 7, 1864, he took command of that portion of the Nineteenth Army Corps which remained in Louisiana, going from there to the head of the Gulf Reserve Corps. On December 22, 1864, he took command of the Seventh Army Corps (Arkansas) until it was discontinued, August 1, 1865. Mus tered out of the volunteer service, he returned to the regular army as colonel in the cavalry and received the brevet of major-general. He was re tired June 25, 1877, and died in Washington, Feb ruary 25, 1899.
iEtgljttf Armg
THE TROOPS in the Middle Department were or ganized into the Eighth Army Corps on July 22, 1862. The forces were stationed at various points in Maryland. Its first commander was Major- General John E. Wool, and he was succeeded by Major-Generals R. C. Schcnck, Brevet Brigadier- General W. W. Morris, Brigadier-Generals E. B. Tyler, H. H. Lockwood, and Major-General Lewis Wallace. The Eighth Corps saw little active fighting except in West Virginia. Wallace was in command at the Monocacy (July 9, 1864), and the First Separate Brigade under Brigadier-General E. B. Tyler took part, but that battle was fought chiefly by a division of the Sixth Corps. The Eighth Corps was discontinued, August 1, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHX ELLIS WOOL was born in Newburg, New York, February 20, 1787. He became a lawyer, but raised an infantry company at Troy and entered the War of 1812. He re mained in the army, and in 1841 was raised to the rank of brigadier-general. He selected the American position at Buena Vista in the Mexi can War, and for his skill and courage received a vote of thanks and a sword from Congress. He was in command of the Department of the East when the Civil War broke out, and was trans ferred, in August, 1861, to the Department of Virginia, where he succeeded in saving Fort Mon roe to the Federal Government. In May, 1862, his troops occupied Norfolk and Portsmouth
204]
JOHN EDWARDS Colonel of the 18th Infantry.
ALEXANDER CHAMBERS Promoted for Gallantry.
WILLIAM T. CLARK
Promoted at Atlanta.
FITZ-HENRY WARREN
Colonel of the 1st Infantrv.
CYRUS BUSSEY Daring Leader of Cavalry.
JAMES B. WEAVER Brevetted for Gallantrv.
JAMES MADISON TUTTLE Colonel of the 2d Infantry.
JAMES A. WILLIAMSON Colonel of the 4th Infantn
EDWARD HATCH Brilliant Cavalry Commander.
JACOB G. LAUMAN Conspicuous at Belmont.
MARCELI.US M. CROCKER At Corinth and Yirksburp;.
FEDERAL GENERALS Xo. 6 IOWA
E. W. RICE Colonel of the 19th Regiment.
JAMES I. GILBERT Colonel of the 27th Infantry.
Ntntlj Armg (Corps
after the Confederate evacuation, and at this time lie was made major-general. He was given command of the Middle Department in .June, and headed the Eighth Army Corps when it was organized in July. In January, 1863, he went back to the Department of the East, which had been recreated,- and remained there until July 18th. He was retired from the army on August 1, 1865, and died in Troy, New York, November 10, 1869.
MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT GUMMING SCHENCK was born in Franklin, Ohio, October 4?, 1809. He became a lawyer, and was minister to Brazil, 1851-53. When the Civil War broke out he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, and com manded a brigade at the battle of Bull Run. His force was transferred to the Department of West ern Virginia, and he aided in saving that valuable region to the Union. In the new Mountain De partment, Schenck had an independent brigade, and he commanded the Federal right at the battle of Cross Keys. He was given a division of the First Corps, Army of Virginia, when the Moun tain troops were merged in that army. He was severely wounded at Second Bull Run, where his gallantry won him promotion to major-general of volunteers. After recovery, he was given the Eighth Army Corps (troops of the Middle De partment), December 22, 1862. He resigned from
the army December 3, 1863, having been elected member of Congress, where he served until 1870. In 1871, he was a member of the commission which drew up the treaty of Washington, and from 1871 to 1876 was United States minister to Great Britain. He died in Washington, March 23, 1890.
MAJOR-GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE was born in Brookville, Indiana, April 10, 1827. He became a lawyer and served in the Mexican War. At the commencement of the Civil War he headed the Eleventh Indiana Infantry, and was made brig adier-general of volunteers in September, 1861. At Fort Donclson and Shiloh he was in command of a division, and after the former battle he was promoted to major-general of volunteers. In 1863, he superintended the construction of the defenses of Cincinnati. In March, 186-1, he took command of the Eighth Army Corps and was de feated by Lieutenant-General Early at the Mo- nocacy. He resigned from the army in November, 1865. After the war he was appointed Governor of New Mexico, and from 1881 to 1885 was United States minister to Turkey. Major-Gen eral Wallace was the author of " Ben-Hur," the " Prince of India," and other well-known books, in addition to enjoying great popularity as a lecturer. He died at Crawfordsville Indiana, Feb ruary 15, 1905.
Armg QI0rpa
THE TROOPS that Major-General Burnsidc took with him to North Carolina in December, 1861, which were then known as Burnside's Expedition ary Corps and which made a record for them selves at Roanoke Island, New Berne, and else where, were merged in the Department of North Carolina in April, 1862. They and some others from the Department of the South were trans ferred to the Army of the Potomac in July, and on the 22d, the Ninth Army Corps came into ex istence. At first, it contained less than five thou sand men. Its commanders were Major-Generals Burnside, J. L. Reno, Brigadier-General J. D. Cox, Major-Generals John Sedgwick, W. F. Smith, J. G. Parke, Brigadier-General R. B. Pot ter, and Brevet Major-General O. B. Willcox. Two divisions went to the assistance of Pope, and fought at Second Bull Run and Chantilly. Afterward,
the corps distinguished itself at South Mountain, Antietam, and Fredcricksburg. After the latter battle, Burnside was transferred to the Depart ment of the Ohio (March, 1863) and two divisions of the corps (one having gone to the Seventh) went West with him. The corps took part in the siege of Vicksburg, and was itself besieged in Knoxville, where it suffered great hardships. Early in 1864, the corps was ordered East for reorgani zation, with Burnside at the head. At the end of May, it became part of the Army of the Potomac, having acted as a separate command through the earlier battles of Grant's campaign. It Was very prominent in the siege of Petersburg, and the fa mous mine was constructed and exploded in front of its lines. The flags of the Ninth Corps were the first that were shown on the public buildings of Petersburg. In June, 1865, the corps was
[206]
GEORGE W. DITZLER THOMAS EWI.VG, JR. THOMAS MOONLIGHT
Originally Colonel of the 1st Infantry. Originally Colonel of the llth Cavalry. Originally Colonel of the llth Cavalry.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 7
KANSAS
(THREE TO LEFT AND
EXTREME RIGHT
SECOND ROW)
LOUISIANA
(EXTREME RIGHT THIRD ROW)
KENTUCKY
(TEN REMAINING)
SPEED S. FHY
Noted for his Encounter at
Mill Springs.
STEPHEN G. BURBRIDGE JOHN T. CEOXTON POWELL CLAYTON
Cavalry Leader in the Morgan Led a Brigade in Tennessee and Of Kansas — Later Governor of Campaigns. Georgia. Arkansas.
EDWARD H. HOBSON WALTER C. WHITTAKER THEOPHILUS T. GARRARD D. J. KEILY
Noted for the Pursuit of Morgan's Commander of a Brigade at Defender of Kentucky and East Of Louisiana — Colonel of the Raiders. Chickamauga. Tennessee. Second Cavalry.
JAMES M. SCHACKLEBORD WILLIAM NELSON
Prominent in the Pursuit of Mor- Commanded a. Division in Buell's gan's Raiders. Army at Shiloh.
JEREMIAH T. BOYLE Defender of Kentucky and Tennessee.
N. B. BCFORD
Leader of Cavalry in Kentucky and Tennessee.
•Nttttlj Armg
transferred to the Department of Washington and was discontinued on August 1st. This organiza tion is often referred to as the " wandering corps," for it fought in seven States.
MAJOR-GENERAL JESSE LEE REXO (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, June 20, 1823, and served in the Mexican War, where he was severely wounded at Chapultepec. He was a captain when the Civil War broke out, but was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers and commanded a brigade in Burnside's Expeditionary Corps, a division in the Department of North Car olina, and the same in the Ninth Army Corps, when it was created. He fought at Roanoke Island, New Berne, Camden, Manassas, and Chantilly and was placed in command of the Ninth Corps, Sep tember 3, 1862. He was killed at South Mountain on the 14th. His commission of major-general of volunteers was dated July 18, 1862.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN GRUBB PARKE (U.S. M.A. 1849) was born in Chester County, Pennsyl vania, September 22, 1827, and entered the Corps of Topographical Engineers. He was first lieu tenant when the Civil War broke out, and his com mission of brigadier-general of volunteers was dated November 23, 1861. He commanded a bri gade in Burnside's expedition to North Carolina, and later had a division in the Ninth Corps. As major-general of volunteers he was Burnside's chief-of-staff at Antietam and Fredcricksburg. He went with the corps to the West as its commander, fought through the Vicksburg campaign, and was at the siege of Knoxville. He also commanded the corps after August, 1864, in the operations around Petersburg. He was in command of the Twenty- second Army Corps and at Alexandria, in 1865. After the war he rose to the rank of colonel in the regular army, with the brevet of major-gen eral. He was engaged in engineering, and as su perintendent of West Point until he was retired in July, 1889. He died in Washington, December 16, 1900.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ORLANDO BOLIVAR WILLCOX (U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Detroit, Michigan, April 16, 1823. He served in Texas, in Florida, and in the Mexican War, resigning his commission of first lieutenant in 1857 and taking up the practice of law. He hastened to the front at the outbreak of the war. as colonel of the First
Michigan Infantry, and was present at the occupa tion of Alexandria (May 24, 1861). He com manded a brigade at the battle of Bull Run, where he was severely wounded and captured. For his services here he was made brigadier-general of vol unteers. He was exchanged (February, 1862), and later had a division of the Ninth Army Corps, and headed the corps itself at the battle of Fred- ericksburg. For a short time he was stationed in Indiana and Michigan, and had charge of the dis trict of East Tennessee. He served again with the Ninth Corps in the Knoxville campaign and was at its head for a short period. As division com mander he fought through the Wilderness cam paign and in the last operations of the Army of the Potomac until July, 1865, except for short pe riods when he was at the head of the corps. He received the surrender of Petersburg. In August, 1864, he was brevetted major-general of volun teers. After being mustered out of the volunteer service, he became a colonel in the regular army and brigadier-general in 1886. The following year he was retired, and he died at Coburg, Ontario, May 10, 1907.
MAJOR-GENERAL JACOB DOLSON Cox was born in Montreal, Canada, October 27, 1828. He be came a lawyer and a member of the Ohio State Sen ate. He entered the Civil War as brigadier-gen eral in the Ohio militia, and was made brigadier- general of volunteers in May, 1861. After distin guished service in western Virginia and under Pope, he succeeded to the command of the Ninth Army Corps upon the death of Major-General Reno, at South Mountain. He was in command of forces in West Virginia and of the Military District of Ohio in 1862-63. On March 4, 1863, his appoint ment of major-general of volunteers, which dated from October 6, 1862, expired, and it was re newed December 7, 1864. He received a division of the Twenty-third Army Corps in April, 1864, and during the Atlanta and Tennessee campaigns was several times in command of the corps itself. After the battle of Nashville, the corps was moved to North Carolina, where Major-General ('ox served in various capacities, and finally as head of the corps from April to June, 1865. In 1866, he resigned from the volunteer service. From 1866 to 1868, he was governor of Ohio, and President Grant's Secretary of the Interior in 1869. He was prominent in politics, finance, and the law until his death, which occurred at Magnolia, Mas sachusetts, August 4, 1900.
[ 208 ]
Jonathan P. Cilley, Gallant Seldon Connor, Colonel
Cavalry Leader. of the 19th Regiment.
Joshua L. Chamberlain, Ac- L. G. Estes, Promoted at
tive at Round Top. the Close of the War.
Cyrus Hamlin, Colonel of the James D. Fessenden, Brevet- Francis Fessenden, Active in George L. Beal, Brevetted for 80th U. S. Colored Infantry. ted for Meritorious Service. the Red River Campaign. Conspicuous Gallantry.
Albion P. Howe, Leader of the Light
Division at the Storming of
Marye's Heights, May 3, 1863.
FEDERAL GENERALS
Joseph Dickinson. Brevetted for Gallantry on Staff Duty at Gettysburg.
No. 8— MAINE
Neal Dow, Captured and Exchanged for a Son of Gen. R. E. Lee.
Army Glnrpa
CREATED September 3, 1863, to consist of the troops in the Department of the South. Its commanders were Brigadier-General John M. Brannan, and Major-Generals 0. M. Mitchel, David Hunter, and Q. A. Gillmore. It took part in the various operations around Charleston Har bor, and in February, 1864*, one division went to Florida, where it suffered severely in the battle of Olustee. In April, 186-t, the corps entered the Army of the James, in which its commanders were Brigadier-General A. H. Terry, Major-General Q. A. Gillmore, Brigadier-General W. H. T. Brooks, Major-General D. B. Birney, and Brigadier-Gen eral Adelbcrt Ames. It fought around Drewry's Bluff, and two divisions went to Cold Harbor, forming a third division of the Eighteenth Corps. After this, the corps fought at Deep Bottom, Darbytown Road, and Fair Oaks. It was discon tinued December 3, 186-i and merged in the new Twenty-fourth Corps. One division and a brigade of the Twenty-fourth, under Major-General Terry, went to Fort Fisher, and, after its capture, the Tenth Corps was reorganized March 27, 1865, in the Department of North Carolina, from Terry's troops. Besides Major-General Terry, Brevet Ma jor-General Adelbert Ames had command from May 13 to August 1, 1865, when the corps was discontinued.
MAJOR-GEXERAL ORMSBY McKxiGHT MITCHEL (U.S.M.A. 1829) was born in Union County, Ken tucky, August 28, 1810, and served as assistant professor of mathematics at West Point until 1831, later becoming professor of mathematics, philoso phy, and astronomy at Cincinnati College. For a time he practised law. He was director of the Dud ley Observatory at Albany, New York, when the Civil War broke out, and entered the army, receiv ing a commission of brigadier-general of volun teers. From September to November, 1861, he was at the head of the Department of the Ohio, and had a division in the Army of the Ohio, December, 1861, to July, 1862, during wyhich he made a brilliant expedition into Alabama, and won promotion to major-general of volunteers. In September, he was placed at the head of the Tenth Army Corps and died at Hilton Head, South Carolina, of yellow fever, October 27, 1862. He made several important astronomical discoveries.
War. He had reached the rank of captain when the Civil War broke out, and was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers in September, 1861. He was commander of the Department of Key West from February, 1862, until it was merged, the following month, in the Department of the South, of which he was twice in command, as well as tem porarily at the head of the Tenth Army Corps between September, 1862, and January, 1863. During this period he led the St. John's River ex pedition and took part in the battle of Pocotaligo. After this, he commanded divisions in the Twenty- first and Fourteenth corps. He reorgani/ed the artillery in the Army of the Cumberland, and placed the artillery for the defense of Atlanta. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, having been brevetted major-general of volunteers, in May, 1866, and continued in the regular army as lieu tenant-colonel and colonel, but with the brevet of major-general, serving at various posts until he was retired in April, 1882. He died in New York city, December 16, 1892.
MAJOR-GEXERAL QnxcY ADAMS GILLMORE (U.S.M.A. 1849) was born at Black River, Ohio, February 28, 1825. He entered the Engineer Corps, and served as assistant instructor in engi neering at West Point. Before the Civil Wai- broke out he had done much work on fortifications and other engineering projects connected with the army. As captain and chief engineer, he accom panied Burnside to North Carolina, and later planned the details of the successful attack on Fort Pulaski, which feat won him the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers. After this, he held a command in West Virginia and also served in the Department of the Ohio. In June, 1863, he took command of the Tenth Army Corps and held it for a year, participating in the operations around Charleston Harbor, Bermuda Hundred, and the battle of Drewry's Bluff. His commission of major-general of volunteers was dated July 10,
1863. He went to the defense of Washington against Early with the Nineteenth Corps in July,
1864. Resigning from the volunteer service after the war, he rose to rank of colonel in the regular army and was connected with many great engineer ing projects until his death, which occurred at Brooklyn, New York, April 7, 1888.
BREVET MAJOR-GEXERAL JOHX MILTON BRAX- MAJOR-GEXERAL ALFRED HOWE TERRY was
XAX (U.S.M.A. 184-1) was born in the District of born in Hartford, Connecticut, November 10, Columbia in 1819, and served in the Mexican 1827. He was colonel of the Second Connecticut
[210]
Charles H. Smith, Conspicuous as a George F. Shepley, Originally Colonel Elias Spear, Colonel of the 23th
Cavalry Leader. of the 20th Regiment. Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 9— MAINE (ABOVE) MARYLAND (BELOW)
Frank Nickerson, Originally Daniel White, Brevetted for Nathaniel J. Jackson, Orig- Cuvier Grover, Division Colonel of the 4th Gallantry at the inally Colonel of the 1st Leader in the East and
Regiment. Wilderness. and 5th Infantry. in the West.
James M. Deems, Brevetted for Gallantry.
John R. Kenly, Originally Colonel of the 1st Regiment.
James Cooper, In Command of Mary land Volunteers in 1861.
[D— 14]
Volunteers at Bull Hun. He returned home to raise the Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, and with this regiment served under Brigadier-General T. W. Sherman at the capture of Port Royal and under Major-General Hunter at Fort Pulaski, which he then commanded. Being raised to briga dier-general of volunteers in April, 1862, he com manded several districts in the Department of the South (Tenth Army Corps), and took command of this corps when it was transferred to the Army of the James, in April, 186-1. As brevet major- general of volunteers he headed the Twenty-fourth Army Corps which was organized out of the Tenth, December, 1864, to January, 1865. On the latter date, he was put in command of the provisional corps organized for the capture of Fort Fisher and Wilmington. After these events had taken place, his corps became the reorganized Tenth Corps, and Major-General Terry was in command until May 13, 1865, when he took charge of Richmond. After leaving the volunteer service, he rose to the rank of major-general in the regular army (1886) and was retired in April, 1888. He died in New Haven, Connecticut, December 16, 1890. For the cap ture of Fort Fisher he was tendered the thanks of Congress.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM THOMAS HARBAUGH BROOKS (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in New Lis bon, Ohio, January 28, 1821, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars, and in Texas and New Mexico. He had reached the rank of captain when the Civil War broke out, and was made brigadier- general of volunteers in September, 1861. He com manded a brigade in the Sixth Army Corps until
October, 1862, and a division until after the Chan- cellorsville campaign, when, as major-general of vol unteers, he was at the head of the Department of the Monongahela until Grant's operations against Lee and Richmond began. His commission of ma jor-general of volunteers having expired, Brigadier- General Brooks was then in command of a division of the Eighteenth Army Corps, and on June 21, 1864, was put at the head of the Tenth Corps. He resigned from the volunteer service the following month, and died in Huntsville, Alabama, Julv 19, 1870.
MAJOR-GENERAL DAVID BELT, BIRNKY was born in Huntsville, Alabama, May 29, 1825. He prac tised law in Philadelphia until 1861, when he entered the Federal army as lieutenant-col onel of a Pennsylvania regiment and reached the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers, in February, 1862. He had a brigade in the Third Army Corps through the Peninsula campaign and was with Pope at Second Bull Run and Chantilly, taking the division temporarily after Brigadier-General Kearny was killed. As major- general of volunteers, he had a division at Fred- ericksburg and Chancellorsville and commanded the Third Corps at Gettysburg after Major- General Sickles was wounded, holding it from time to time until February, 1864. In the new organization of the Army of the Potomac (March, 1864), he had a division in the Second Corps until July, when he was given command of the Tenth Corps, Anny of the James. While in this position he contracted a fever, and died in Philadelphia, Oc tober 18, 1864.
iElmutlj Army (Enrps
WHEN THE ARMY OF VIRGINIA was discontinued, September 12, 1862, its First Corps, which had been the troops of the Mountain Department under Rosccrans and Fremont, and had been led by Sigel in the Pope campaign, was merged in the Army of the Potomac as the Eleventh Corps. It remained on the line of Manassas during the Antic- tarn campaign, did not reach Frcdcricksburg in time for the battle, and at Chancellorsville was badly routed by "Stonewall" Jackson, because its commander allowed himself to be surprised. In this battle about twelve thousand troops were pres ent. It was one of the two corps heavily engaged
on the first day at Gettysburg. After that battle, one division was sent to Charleston Harbor, and the other two went with Hooker to Tennessee to as sist Grant in the Chattanooga campaign. These two divisions then went with Sherman to the relief of Knoxville, and shared all the great hardships of the march. In April, 1864, these troops were merged in the new Twentieth Army Corps, for the Atlanta campaign. The leaders of the Eleventh Corps were Major-General Fran/ Sigel, Brigadier- General J. H. Stahcl, Major-General Carl Schurz, Brigadier-General A. von Steinwehr, and Major- General O. O. Howard. 212]
Stephen M. Weld, Jr., Leader
of Colored Troops at
the Crater Battle.
Oliver Edwards Lc>d a Bri gade at the " Bloody Angle," Spotsylvania ; Brevetted for Gallantry at Sailor's Creek.
William F. Bartlett Led Hi:
Brigade at the Crater and
Was Captured.
Edward F. Jones, Commander of the 6th Massachusetts on Its Memorable March Through Baltimore, April, '61.
Frederick W. Lander, One
of the Early Heroes of
the War.
Charles ,T. Paine, Noted Leader of Colored Troops.
George II. Gordon Led a Charge at Cedar Mountain.
Charles P. Stone, Later Dis-
tinguished in the Service
of Egypt.
Albert Ordway, Promoted at the Close of the War.
Henry L. Eustis, Originally Col onel of the 10th Regiment.
N. A. Miles Commanded a Brigade at Chan cellorsville and Later Led a Division in
the Army of the Potomac.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 10— MASSACHUSETTS
Army
MAJOR-GENERAL FRAXZ SIGEL was born in Sin- slieim, Baden, November 18, 1824, and was grad uated from the Military School at Carlsruhe, be coming a champion of German unity and minister of war to the revolutionary Government of 1848, which was overthrown by Prussia. Later, having withdrawn to Switzerland, the Government expelled him, and he emigrated to America in 1852. He taught in a military institute in St. Louis and edited a military periodical. When the Civil War broke out, he organized the Third Missouri Infan try and an artillery battery, and after assisting Captain Lyon in the capture of Camp Jackson, he served in Missouri, at Carthage and at Springfield. As brigadier-general of volunteers, he was conspic uous for his bravery at Pea Ridge, and as major- general of volunteers was placed in command of Harper's Ferry in June, 1862. Then he served in the Army of Virginia, in command of its First Corps, out of which the Eleventh Corps, Army of the Potomac, was created. He relinquished the latter in January, 1863. On March 10, 1864, he succeeded Brigadier-General B. F. Kelley in the command of the Department of West Virginia, but after the defeat at New Market, May 15th, he was relieved by Major-General Hunter and given the division at Harper's Ferry, where he successfully held out against Licutenant-General Early. In July, 1864, he was relieved from his command, and he resigned from the army in May, 1865. After the war, he edited a German paper in Baltimore, and later was register and United States pension- agent in New York city. He was well known as a lecturer and editor of the "New York Monthly," a
German periodical. He died in Ne\v York city, August 21, 1902.
MAJOR-GEXERAL CARL SCHURZ was born in Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829, studying there in the gymnasium and later at the University of Bonn. He was engaged in the revolutionary move ment in 1848, and was compelled to seek refuge in Switzerland. In 1852, he came to the United States and settled in Philadelphia, later going to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he began the prac tice of law. Lincoln appointed him United States minister to Spain, but he resigned to take part in the Civil War. As brigadier-general of volunteers, he commanded a division of the First Corps, Army of Virginia, at Second Bull Run, and at Chancel - lorsville a division of the Eleventh Corps. At Gettysburg he had command, as major-general of volunteers, of the Eleventh Corps, temporarily, and again in January and February, 1864. At Chat tanooga, he took an active part. In March, 1864, he was put in charge of a corps of instruction near Nashville, and at the close of the war was chief-of- staff to Major-General Slocum in the Army of Georgia. He resigned from the volunteer service in May, 1865, and became a newspaper corres pondent in Washington, and, in 1866, founded the Detroit Post. He was senator from Missouri (1869-1875), and Secretary of the Interior from 1877 to 1881, and editor of the New York Even ing Post from 1881 to 1884. He was an enthusi astic advocate of civil-service reform and other political movements. He was a writer and speaker of note, and died in New York city, May 14, 1906.
Armg
CREATED September 12, 1862, from the Second Corps, Army of Virginia, the troops of which, under Major-General N. P. Banks, had been in the De partment of the Shenandoah, and in earlier organ izations of the Army of the Potomac. It was the smallest corps in the army, and in the early days contained about twelve thousand men. The com mand was given to Major-General J. F. K. Mans field, who was killed at Antictam, the first battle of the new corps. Its next battle was that of Chancellorsville where, with the Third, it bore the real brunt of the fight. After Gettysburg, in which we remember the Twelfth by its gallant de
fense of Culps' Hill, it went with Hooker to Ten nessee where one division opened the line of sup plies to the starving Army of the Cumberland and fought "the battle in the clouds" on Lookout Mountain. In April, 1864, the Twelfth Corps was merged in the newly formed Twentieth, for the At lanta campaign. After Mansfield's death, the com mand of the Twelfth Corps was held by Major- General H. W. Slocum except for very brief pe riods, when it was headed by Brigadier-General A. S. Williams, the senior division commander. In its short career, the corps is said to have never lost a gun or a color. 214]
JOHN C. PALFREY Chief Engineer of the 13th Army Corps.
EDWARD W. HINKS
Originally Colonel of the 8th
Infantry.
MASSACHUSETTS
(ABOVE)
CHARLES DEVENS
Colonel of the 15th Regiment.
Later Commanded Division.
GEORGE L. ANDREWS
Engaged in the Siege and Capture
of Port Hudson.
MICHIGAN
(BELOW)
[. M. OLIVER HENRY BAXTER JOSEPH T. COPEHXD
Originally Colonel of the Promoted for Gallantry at Originally Colonel of the loth Regiment. the Wilderness. 5th Cavalry
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 11
WM. R. SH AFTER Later Commander at Santiago, Cuba.
CHARLES C. DOOI.ITTI.E
Originally Colonel of the 18th Infantry;
Promoted for Merit.
BVRON- R. PIERCE HENRY A. MORROW RALPH ELY
Originally Colonel of the "Here to fight, not to surren- Leader of the Brigade which 3d Infantry. der" — Gettysburg, July 1. was first in Petersburg.
Army (Eurps
MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH KING FENNO MANS FIELD (U.S.M.A. 1822) was born in New Haven, Connecticut, December 22, 1803, and served in the Mexican War and in the Engineer Corps. From May, 1861, to March, 1862, he had charge of the Department of Washington, and as brig adier-general of volunteers commanded the Dis trict of Suffolk of the Seventh Army Corps, and captured the towTn of Norfolk in May. As major- general of volunteers, he was put at the head of the newly formed Twelfth Army Corps on Sep tember 12, 1862, and was mortally wounded at Antietam, on the 17th.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ALPHEUS STARKEY WILLIAMS was born in Saybrook, Connecticut, September 10, 1810, was graduated from Yale College, and held various political positions in De troit where he also practised law. As colonel of a Michigan regiment, when the Civil War broke out, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and
headed a brigade in the Department of Pennsyl vania. Passing through the various organizations of the Army of the Potomac, he was given a divi sion in the Fifth Corps, which became the Second Corps, Army of Virginia, and the Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, and finally was merged in the Twentieth Corps, Army of the Cumberland. Williams was the only general to lead the same division through the whole of the war, although at various times he temporarily headed the corps in which he was placed. He was corps commander at Antietam, after Mansfield fell ; at Gettysburg, and also on the march to the sea and in the campaign through the Carolinas. His brevet of major-gen eral of volunteers for marked ability and energy, was dated January 12, 1865, and a year later he was mustered out of the service. After the war, he was United States minister to San Salvador (1866—69), and member of Congress from 1874 until his death, which occurred in Washington, December 21, 1878.
Army
ON OCTOBER 24, 1862, the troops in the newly created Department of the Tennessee, under Major-General Grant, were designated the Thir teenth Army Corps, and Major-General W. T. Sherman was put in command. The troops were scattered in many districts. Sherman organized four of the divisions into the Yazoo Expedition, and started on the campaign that ended in failure at Chickasaw Bluffs, December 29, 1862. On December 18th, the corps was subdivided, and the Army of the Tennessee now consisted of the Thir teenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth corps. Brigadier-General Morgan succeeded Sher man, who commanded the whole department, at the head of the new Thirteenth Army Corps. The corps went with Major-General McClernand (Jan uary 4-12, 1863) on the expedition to Arkansas Post, the expedition being known as McClernard's Army of the Mississippi, in which the Thirteenth Coi-ps became the First Corps for that period. Following Morgan, the commanders of the Thir teenth Corps were Major-Generals J. A. McCler nand, E. O. C. Ord (who succeeded when McCler nand was relieved at Vicksburg), and C. C.. Wash- burn. One division fought the battle of Helena (July 4, 1863), and the battle of Port Gibson (May 1, 1863) was fought almost entirely by it.
After Vicksburg, the corps invested Jackson, and on August 7th it was transferred to the Army of the Gulf, where its chief active service (two divi sions) took place in the Red River campaign of 1864. New commanders of the corps while in the Army of the Gulf were Major-General N. J. T. Dana, and Brigadier-Generals T. E. G. Ransom, R. A. Cameron, M. K. Lawler, and W. P. Bcnton. On June 11, 1864, the troops of the corps were transferred to other commands, but they were largely brought together again for the Reserve Corps, Army of the Gulf, in December, 1864, out of which on February 18, 1865, a new Thirteenth Army Corps was created, which, under command of General Gordon Granger, took part in the capture of Mobile, in April, 1865. The corps was discon tinued at Galveston, Texas, July 20, 1865.
BRIGADIER - GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON MORGAN was born in Washington County, Penn sylvania, September 20, 1820. He did not grad uate from West Point, which he entered in 1841, but took up the practice of law in Mount Vemon, Ohio. But he went to the Mexican War and was brevetted brigadier-general. Entering the dip lomatic service, he was consul at Marseilles and minister to Portugal. When the Civil War broke
[216]
EGBERT B. BROWN JOHN D. STEVENSON ISAAC F. SHEPHARD
Originally of the 7th Originally Colonel of the Originally Colonel of the Regiment. 7th Regiment. 3d Regiment.
JOSKPH CON'RAD
Xoted Brigade Commander.
GABRIEL R. PAUL Gallant Figure at Gettysburg.
JOHN- McNEiL
Originally Colonel of the 3d Infantry.
JOHN ELISHA PHELPS CLINTON B. FISK LEWIS B. PARSONS
Originally Colonel of the Originally Colonel of Promoted at the Close 2d Kansas Cavalry. the 33d Regiment. of the War.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 12
MISSOURI (ABOVE)
MICHIGAN (MIDDLE ONE BELOW)
MINNESOTA (FOUR REMAINING BELOW)
ALEXANDER ASBOTH
Promoted at the End of
the War.
NAPOLEON T. .1. DANA
Commander of a Brigade
in the Peninsula.
C. C. ANDREWS
Organizer and Division
Commander.
WILLIAM SANBORN
Promoted for Conspicuous
Gallantry.
STEPHEN MILLER
Colonel of the 7th Regiment;
Governor in 1S63.
WILLIS A. GORMAN
First Commander of
the 1st Minnesota.
Armg
out he returned, and was made brigadier-gen eral of volunteers in November, 1861. He served first under Buell and then as division commander in the Department of the Tennessee (Thirteenth Army Corps). He commanded a division in the Yazoo Expedition, and was the first commander of the reorganized Thirteenth Corps which he led at the capture of Arkansas Post (January, 1863). Ill-health compelled Jiiiu to resign from the service in June, 1863. In 1868 and 1870, he was a mem ber of Congress. He died at Old Point Comfort, Virginia, July 26, 1893.
MAJOB-GENERAL JOHX ALEXANDER McCusa- NAND was born in Brcckinridge County, Ken tucky, May 30, 1812. He became a lawyer and served in the Black Hawk War as private. He was a member of Congress when the Civil War broke out and resigned to enter it, being made brigadier-general of volunteers in May, 1861. He first distinguished himself at Belmont, November 7, 1861. After Fort Donelson, he was made major- general of volunteers in the Army of West Tennes see, and commanded a division at Shiloh. On Jan uary 4, 1863, he replaced Sherman in command of the Yazoo Expedition which, under the name of McClernand's Army of the Mississippi, together with the Mississippi Squadron, captured Arkansas Post, January llth. Grant removed McClernand from the command, and he was placed at the head of the Thirteenth Army Corps, of which he was in turn relieved on June 19th, during the siege of Vicksburg. He commanded this corps again for a short time in 1864>, while it was serving in the Army of the Gulf. He resigned his commission on No vember 30, 1864, and resumed the practice of law. He died at Springfield, Illinois, September 20, 1900.
MAJOR-GENERAL CADWALLADER COLDEN WASH- BURN was born in Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818. He settled in Wisconsin as a lawyer and financier. At the outbreak of the war he raised the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, and as its colonel was successful under Major-General Curtis in Ar kansas. He rose to the rank of major-general of volunteers in November, 1862, and later headed di visions in the Army of the Tennessee. He was the first commander of the reorganized Thirteenth Army Corps, and went with it from the Army of the Tennessee to that of the Gulf. After that, he was at the head of the District of West Tennessee, and resigned from the volunteer service in May, 1865. Later on, he was member of Congress and governor of Wisconsin. He died at Eureka Springs, Arkansas, May 14, 1882.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS EDWARD GREENFIELD RANSOM was born in Norwich, Ver mont, November 29, 1834. He became a captain in an Illinois regiment in April, 1861, and was made brigadier-general of volunteers in Novem ber, 1862. He fought at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and was for a time on Grant's staff. He commanded a brigade in the Seventeenth Army Corps during the Vicksburg campaign, and a de tachment of the Thirteenth Army Corps on the Red River expedition, in 1864. He was wounded at Sabine Cross Roads. In the Atlanta campaign, he commanded a division of the Sixteenth Army Corps and headed that and the Seventeenth for short periods. On October 10th, lie was obliged to give up the Seventeenth Corps on account of illness, and lie died, October 29th, near Rome, Georgia. The brevet of major-general of volun teers had been conferred on him in September, a few weeks before his death.
Army
THE ORGANIZATION of the Army of the Ohio into three corps, in September, 1862, was changed on October 24th, when this force became the Army of the Cumberland, and consisted of the Four teenth Army Corps, with Major-General Rosecrans at its head. In November, the Fourteenth Corps was divided into the Right Wing, Center, and Left Wing, and on January 9, 1863, the Center was designated the Fourteenth Army Corps, with Major-General George H. Thomas in command.
The corps fought at Stone's River and won its greatest fame at Chickamauga. It also distin guished itself at Missionary Ridge. It was prom inent in the Atlanta campaign, and was one of the two corps of the Army of Georgia in the march to the sea and the campaign through the Carolinas. It was discontinued August 1, 1865. Besides Thomas, it was commanded by Major-Generals John M. Palmer, Jeff. C. Davis, and Brigadier- General R. W. Johnson.
[218]
Oilman Marston, Colo nel of the 10th Regiment.
Simon G. Griffin, Leader at the Crater Battle.
Joab X. Patterson,
Colonel of the 2d
Regiment.
Joseph H. Potter,
Promoted for
Gallantry.
John L. Thompson,
Colonel of the 1st
Cavalry.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 13— NEW HAMPSHIRE (ABOVE) NEW JERSEY (BELOW)
Joseph W. Revere, Originally Colonel of the 7th Regi ment. Promoted in 1862.
Gershom Mott, Active as a
Division Commander in the
Wilderness Campaign.
Ranald S. Mackenzie, Dash ing Cavalry Leader in the Army of the Potomac.
Horatio P. VanCleve, Divi sion Leader at Stone's River and Chickamauga.
Geo. W. Mindil, Originally
Colonel of the 33d
New Jersey.
Lewis C. Arnold, Active
Commander in
Florida.
William Birney, Brevetted
for Gallantry in
Action.
Edward Burd Grubb, Bre vetted at the Close of the War.
3Ftftotttlj Army
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN McAuLEY PALMER was born at Eagle Creek, Kentucky, September 13, 1817, and became a lawyer and politician. He entered the Civil War as colonel of volunteers and was major-general of volunteers before the end of 1862. His first service was with Fremont and Pope in Missouri, and later he was given a division of the Army of the Cumberland. For a short time during the Tullahoma campaign he headed the Twenty-first Corps. During the Atlanta campaign he was in command of the Fourteenth Corps until August, 1864. Later, he was in charge of the De partment of Kentucky. After the war, he was governor of Illinois, United States senator, and candidate of the Gold Democrats for President, in 1896. He died in Springfield, Illinois, Septem ber 25, 1900.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL JEFFERSON COLUM BUS DAVIS was born in Clarke County, Indiana, March 2, 1828, and served as a volunteer in the Mexican War. After this he entered the regular army. He was a lieutenant at Fort Sumter when the Civil War broke out. Later on, he became captain and then colonel of an Indiana Regiment, and led a division in the Army of the Southwest at Pea Ridge. As brigadier-general of volunteers, he served as division commander in Pope's Army of the Mississippi and also in that of the Cumber land, and took command of the Fourteenth Army Corps, August 22, 1864, and led it through Georgia and the Carolinas until the close of the war. He remained in the regular army as colonel,
and was at one time commander of the United States troops in Alaska, and also was at the head of the troops that quelled the Modoc uprising of 1873, after the murder of Canby. He received the brevet of major-general in 1865. He died in Chicago, November 30, 1879.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL RICHARD W. JOHN- SOX (U.S.M.A. 1849) was born in Livingston County, Kentucky, February 7, 1827, and saw his first service on the frontier. He entered the Civil War as captain of cavalry, becoming colonel of a Kentucky regiment. He served in the Army of the Cumberland and its prior organizations. His commission as brigadier-general of volunteers was dated October 19, 1861. As cavalry commander, he was captured by Morgan in August, 1862. He commanded a division at Stone's River, Chieka- mauga, and Chattanooga, and was severely wound ed at New Hope Church. For a short time in August, 1864, he headed the Fourteenth Army Corps. Then he took charge of the cavalry forces in the Army of the Cumberland, and headed a di vision at Nashville, for which service he received a brevet of major-general in the regular army. After the war he entered the regular army as major in the Fourth Cavalry, also serving as pro vost-marshal-general and judge advocate in sev eral departments. He was professor of military science in the University of Minnesota, 1869-71. He retired as major-general in 1867, and after 1875 had the rank of brigadier-general. He died in St. Paul, Minnesota, April 21, 1897.
Army
Two DIVISIONS and some district troops of the Thirteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, were constituted the Fifteenth, on December 18, 1862. In two divisions, it was on Sherman's Yazoo Ex pedition and was also known as the Second Corps, McClernand's Army of the Mississippi, from Jan uary 4 to January 12, 1863. The commanders of the Fifteenth Corps were Major-Generals W. T. Sherman, F. P. Blair, Jr., John A. Logan, Brig adier-General M. L. Smith, and Major-Generals P. J. Osterhaus and W. B. Hazen. The corps took part in the Vicksburg campaign, the battle of Chat tanooga, the. relief of Knoxville, the Atlanta cam paign, and the last campaigns of Sherman. After the Grand Review of May 24, 1865, the corps
went to Louisville, Kentucky, and one division served with the army of occupation at Little Rock, Arkansas. The corps was discontinued August 1, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL PETER JOSEPH OSTERHAUS was born in Coblenz, Germany, in 1823, and served as an officer in the Prussian army. He came to St. Louis, and in 1861 entered the Union army as major of volunteers. Later, as colonel, he had a brigade in the Army of the Southwest, and at Pea Ridge he commanded a division. Passing into the Army of the Tennessee as brigadier-general of volunteers, he commanded divisions in the Thir teenth and Fifteenth corps, taking part in the
[220]
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 14
NEW MEXICO
(LEFT)
NEBRASKA
(RIGHT)
NEW YORK
(BELOW)
Christopher Carson (Kit Carson), of New Mexico, Famous Rocky Mountain Scout.
John M. Thayer, of Nebraska, an Impor tant Division Commander.
Henry M. Judah, Conspicu ous During Morgan's Raid of 1863.
J. J. Bartlett Received the Arms of Lee's Troops at Appomattox.
Gustavus A. De Russy,
who was Brevetted
for Gallantry.
Charles K. Graham Led a
Brigade at Chancellors-
ville.
N. Martin Curtis, Pro moted for Gallantry at Fort Fisher.
Romeyn B. Ayres, Ac tive as a Division Commander.
Abram Duryee, First
Colonel of Duryee's
Zouaves.
John P. Hatch, Dash ing Leader of Cav alry.
Henry A. Barnum, Conspicuous Bri gade Leader.
Army
Vicksburg campaign and assisting Hooker in the capture of Lookout Mountain. During the At lanta campaign, he was made major-general of vol unteers (July, 1864), and he commanded the Fif teenth Army Corps on the march to the sea. He
was Major-General Canby's chief-of-staff in 1865. After the war he resigned from the service, and was American consul at Lyons, France. Thereafter, remaining in Europe, he made his home in Mann heim, Germany.
Army dorps
CREATED from three divisions and troops of sev eral districts of the Thirteenth Army Corps on December 18, 1862, with Major-General S. A. Hurlbut in command. The corps was much di vided during its existence, and divisions were sev eral times exchanged for others in the Seventeenth Corps. Some of it saw service at Vicksburg, but little active fighting at that place. A division went with Sherman to Chattanooga. Two divisions were in the Atlanta campaign, and two on the Red River expedition of 1864. Some troops were sent to the Seventh Corps in Arkansas. The corps was officially discontinued on November 1, 1864, but the right wing, under Major-General A. J. Smith, known as "Detachment, Army of the Tennessee," assisted Thomas at Nashville. Besides Hurlbut, the command was held by Brigadier-Gen eral C. S. Hamilton and Major-General N. J. T. Dana. The left wing was commanded from time to time by Major-Generals C. S. Hamilton, R. J. Oglesby, Brigadier-General G. M. Dodge, Colonel A. Mersey, and Brigadier-Generals E. A. Carr and T. E. G. Ransom. The " Detachment," which in cluded a division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, was, on February 18, 1865, designated the Six teenth Corps, with Smith in command. The corps was now in the Military Division of West Missis sippi and assisted in the last operations around Mobile. It was discontinued July 20, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL STEPHEN AUGUSTUS HURLBUT was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 29, 1815, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. In 1845, he removed to Illinois and attained consider able prominence in politics. At the opening of the Civil War he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, and commanded a division at Shiloh. Later, he was at the head of several districts in the department and was given command of the reor ganized Sixteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, in December, 1862. In September, 1862, he was promoted to major-general of volunteers. He suc ceeded Major-General N. P. Banks in command
of the Army and Department of the Gulf. He left the volunteer service at' the end of the war, and at the time of his death, March 27, 1882, was United States minister to Peru.
MAJOR-GENERAL GRKNVILLE MELLEN DODGE was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, April 12, 1831. He was a member of the Government sur vey in the West until the Civil War broke out, when he went to the front as colonel of the Fourth Iowa Infantry, in July, 1861. He fought with the Army of the Southwest, and, being transferred to the Department of Tennessee, he commanded the troops in several districts thereof, as well as divi sions of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth corps, hav ing been made brigadier-general of volunteers in March, 1862. In the summer of 1863, he was put in command of the left wing of the Sixteenth Army Corps as major-general of volunteers, and was wounded on August 19, 1864, at Jonesboro, Georgia, in the Atlanta campaign. In December, 1864, he succeeded Major-General Rosecrans in the Department of Missouri, and remained there until the close of the war. He resigned from the service in May, 1866, and became chief engineer of the Union Pacific and Texas Pacific railways. In 1866-67, he was member of Congress from Iowa. In 1898, he was at the head of the commission ap pointed to investigate the conduct of the Spanish- American war.
MAJOR-GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON SMITH (IT. S.M.A. 1838) was born in Berks County, Pennsyl vania, April 28, 1815, and served in the Mexican War and in the West. He was made major in the cavalry when the Civil War broke out. His ap pointment of brigadier-general of volunteers was dated March 17, 1862. He had a division in the Army of the Ohio, but his name is chiefly as sociated with the Army of the Tennessee. He commanded a division in the Thirteenth Corps and was with the Yazoo Expedition and McCler- nand's Army of the Mississippi, and took part in
[222]
William Dwight, Originally
Colonel of the 70th
Regiment.
Morgan II. Clirysler, lire- vetted for Meritorious Services.
Hiram Berdan, Celebrated Commander of Sharp shooters.
Schuyler Hamilton, Con spicuous at Island No. 10.
W 1 a d i m i r Krzyzan owsk i,
Originally Colonel of
the 58th Regiment.
Henry E. Davies, Daring Joseph E. Hamblin, Origi- John Cochrane, Originally Cavalry Leader nally Colonel of the Colonel of the 65th
in the East. 65th Volunteers. Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 15 NEW YORK
(CONTINUED)
Philip Regis De Trobriand, Prominent Brigade Commander.
Thomas W. Egan. Prominent
Brigade Commander
in the East.
Armg
the siege of Vicksburg. He commanded the right wing of the Sixteenth Army Corps on the Red River expedition, and, as major-general of volun teers, in various operations in Tennessee and Mis sissippi during the Atlanta campaign. He took part in the battle of Nashville, and became com
mander of the reorganized Sixteenth Corps on Feb ruary 18, 1865, participating in the closing opera tions around Mobile. He reentered the regular army as colonel in 1866, and was retired in 1899. For a time he was postmaster of St. Louis. He died in St Louis, January 30, 1897.
r Army (E0rp0
CREATED December 18, 1862, from troops in the Thirteenth Corps, Army of the Tennessee, and the command given to Major-Gencral J. B. McPher- son, with whose name it is closely linked. Divisions were exchanged with the Sixteenth Corps. It was prominent in the operations on the Mississippi be fore and after the fall of Vicksburg, and was a member of Sherman's Meridian expedition. After this the corps was divided : half remained in the Mississippi valley ; the other two divisions went with Sherman to Atlanta. The Mississippi section was on the Red River expedition with Brigadier- General A. J. Smith and formed part of the detach ment that fought at Nashville. It never rejoined the rest of the corps, which followed Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas. On August 1, 1865, the corps was discontinued. Besides Mc- Pherson, it was commanded by Major-Generals F. P. Blair, Jr., J. A. Mower, Brigadier-Generals T. E. G. Ransom, M. D. Leggett, and W. W. Bel- knap.
MAJOR-GENERAL FRANCIS PRESTON BLAIR, JR., was born in Lexington, Kentucky, February 19, 1821, and became a lawyer and editor in St. Louis. He was a member of Congress for several years, and at the outbreak of the Civil War he was instru mental in saving Missouri to the Union. Entering the army as colonel, his commission of major-gen eral of volunteers was dated November 29, 1862. He commanded a brigade on the Ya/oo expedition, and afterward was division commander in the Fif teenth Army Corps, and headed it for a short time. In Sherman's campaigns to Atlanta and through Georgia and the Carolinas, he commanded the Seventeenth Army Corps. Resigning from the vol
unteer service in November, 1865, he was Demo cratic nominee for vice-president in 1868, and sen ator from Missouri, 1871-73. He died in St. Louis, July 8, 1875.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH ANTHONY MOWER was born in Woodstock, Vermont, August 22, 1827. He served as a private in the Mexican War and reentered the army as second lieutenant in 1855. After the Civil War broke out, he was promoted to a captaincy, became colonel of a Missouri regi ment in May, 1862, and brigadier-general of vol unteers in November of that year. He led his regi ment in the attacks on Island No. 10, in other activities in Kentucky and Tennessee, and headed a brigade in the Army of the Mississippi at the time it was discontinued, passing thence to bri gades in the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Fifteenth corps (Army of the Tennessee). With the latter, he served at the siege of Vicksburg. From Decem ber, 1863, to October, 186-t, he commanded a bri gade and then a division in the right wing of the Sixteenth Corps, and took part in the Red River expedition and in the operations in Mississippi and Tennessee while Sherman was fighting his way to Atlanta. In October, he joined Sherman's army at the head of a division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, and was its commander for a short time. In the closing days of the Carolina campaign he had command of the Twentieth Army Corps. Mower was appointed major-general of volunteers in August, 186-1. After leaving the volunteer service he continued as colonel in the regular army, serv ing with the Thirty-ninth and Twenty-fifth infan try. He commanded the Department of Louisi ana. He died in New Orleans, January 6, 1870.
iEtghtmtilj Army
ON DECEMBER 2-i, 1862, the troops in the De- Foster was placed at its head. There were five di- partment of North Carolina were designated the visions, at first. Two divisions were detached in Eighteenth Army Corps, and Major-General J. G. February, 1863, and sent to the Tenth Corps,
[224]
John J. Peck, Commander Charles H. Tompkins, Pro- Edward E. Potter, Brevetted William H. Morris, Colonel on the Peninsula. moted in 18G5. for Gallantry. of the 6tn Artillery.
Elisha G. Marshall Led a
Brigade in the Crater
Battle.
Robert Nugent, Originally John C. Robinson Com- James R. O'Beirne, Promoted Colonel of the 69th manded a Division at from Major for
Regiment. Gettysburg. Gallantry.
Rush C. Hawkins, Colonel
of " Hawkins' Zouaves/'
!>lh In fa nt rv.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 16 NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
R. B. Potter, Commander of
a Division at Crater
Battle.
Armg (£0rp0
operating around Charleston Harbor. On July 15th, the Departments of Virginia and North Car olina wore united, and on August 1st, the Seventh Corps, including Getty's division of the Ninth, was merged in the Eighteenth. The other command ers of the corps were Brigadier-General I. N. Pal mer, Major-Generals B. F. Butler, W. F. Smith, Brigadier-General J. H. Martindale, Major-Gen erals E. O. C. Ord, John Gibbon, Brigadier-General C. A. Heckman, and Brevet Major-General God frey Weitzel. In April, 1864, this corps, with the Tenth, formed the Army of the James. It fought a series of battles after reaching Bermuda Hun dred — especially that at Drewry's Bluff. Later in May, the corps joined the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor, in which battle it was very prom inent. Then it returned to Bermuda Hundred and was very active in numerous engagements around Petersburg until December 3, 186-4, when it was discontinued. The white troops were merged in the Twenty-fourth and the colored ones in the Twenty-fifth Corps.
MAJOR-GEXERAI. JOHN GRAY FOSTER (U.S. M.A. 1846) was born in Whitefield, New Hamp shire, May 27, 1823. He rendered able service in the Mexican War, taught engineering at West Point, superintended Government works, and was one of the officers garrisoned at Fort Sumter dur ing the siege. He distinguished himself at the cap ture of Roanoke Island and at New Berne ; as sumed chief command of the Department of North Carolina, the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, the Department and Army of the Ohio, and the Department of the South. He became major-general of volunteers in July, 1862. Being mustered out of the volunteer service in 1866, he, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel of engineers, continued his work on important engineering proj ects of the Government. He died in Nashua, New Hampshire, September 2, 1874.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN HENRY MAR TINDALE (U.S. M.A. 1835) was born at Sandy Hill, New York, March 20, 1815. He resigned from the army the year after leaving West Point, but, offering his services at the outbreak of the Civil War, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers in August, 1861. He was brigade commander in several corps of the Army of the Potomac, and in February, 1863, took charge of the troops in the District of Washington — a portion of the Twenty- second Army Corps. In May, 1864, he was as signed to a division in the Pjighteenth Army Corps, and for a short period in July, during the early
operations against Petersburg, he had command of the corps itself. On September 13th, he re signed from the service. The brevet of major- general of volunteers was conferred upon him on March 13, 1865, in recognition of his services at the battle of Malvern Hill (1862). He became attorney-general of the State of New York, and died at Nice, France, December 13, 1881.
MAJOR-GEXERAL WILLIAM FARRAR SMITH (U. S.M.A. 1845) was born in St. Albans, Vermont, February 17, 1824, and taught mathematics at West Point. In the early days of the Civil Wai- he served on the staffs of Major-Generals Butler and McDowell. His commission as major-general of volunteers was dated July 4, 1862, to which rank he was recommissioned March 9, 1864. After leading a brigade and division in the early organiza tion of the Army of the Potomac, he had divisions in the Fourth and Sixth corps, and commanded the latter in the battle of Fredericksburg. After heading the Ninth Corps for a short time, he went to the Department of the Susquehanna and later — in 1863 — became chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland, where he rendered valuable assistance in the relief of Chattanooga. In May, 1864, he took command of the Eighteenth Corps in the Army of the James and led it at the battle of Cold Harbor, where it had joined the Army of the Po tomac. He resigned from the volunteer service in 1865, and from the regular army in 1867, with the brevet of major-general. He became president of the International Telegraph Company, and was president of the board of Police Commissioners in New York City, 1877. After that, he practised civil engineering. He died in Philadelphia, Feb ruary 28, 1903.
BRIGAIHER-GKNERAL CHARLES ADAMS HECKMAX was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1822. He served in the Mexican War, and went to the Civil War as lieutenant-colonel of the Ninth New Jersey Infantry. He became a colonel and had a brigade in the Department of North Car olina, where, after being made brigadier-general of volunteers, he had a division in the Eighteenth Army Corps. Later, he had charge of the District of Beaufort and the defenses of New Berne and at Newport News. On May 16, 1864, at the head of a brigade he was captured at Drewry's Bluff. He had temporary command of the Eighteenth Corps in September, 1864, and was temporary commander of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps, January-Febru ary, 1865. He resigned from the service in May, 1865, and died in Philadelphia, January 14, 1896.
226]
Nelson Taylor, Originally Colonel John H. H. Ward, Originally Colonel Daniel niniann. Originally Colonel
of the 72d Regiment. of the 38th Regiment. of the 78th Regiment.
Adolph Von Steimvehr, Originally Colonel of the 29th Infantrv.
FEDERAL
GENERALS
NEW YORK
(CONTINUED)
Emory I'pton Led a Storming Column at Spotsylvania.
Kgbert L. Viele, Engaged at Fort Pulaski and Norfolk.
Alexander Shalrr Commanded a Bri gade at Spotsylvania.
[D— IS]
Armg
ON JANUARY 5, 1863, the troops in the Depart ment of the Gulf were constituted the Nineteenth Army Corps, with Major-General N. P. Banks in command. Its other leaders were Major-General W. B. Franklin, Brigadier-Generals W. H. Emory, B. S. Roberts, M. K. Lawler, and Maj or-General J. J. Reynolds. It operated in Louisiana, took part in the investment of Port Hudson, and did garrison duty until it went on the Red River ex pedition in March, 1864, where it was prominent at Sabine Cross Roads and in other engagements. In July, the First and Second divisions, under Em ory, went to Virginia, and entered the Army of the Shenandoah and fought at the Opequon, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. This "detachment," as it was called until November 7th, was commanded by Brigadier-Generals W. H. Emory and Cuvier Gro- ver, and after the campaign in the Shenandoah, it went, in different sections, to Savannah. Some of the troops were afterward attached to the Tenth Corps ; others, remained in Savannah until the corps was discontinued on March 20, 1865, and even longer. On November 7, 1864, the portion of the corps that had remained in Louisiana was dis continued, and the designation, Nineteenth Army Corps, passed to the divisions operating in the
Shenandoah valley. Most of the troops in Louis iana were put in the Gulf Reserve Corps, which, in February, 1865, became the new Thirteenth Corps, and assisted at the capture of Mobile.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HEMSLEY EMORY (U.S.M.A. 1831) was born in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, September 9, 1811. He served in the Mexican War, and later was appointed as tronomer to the commission which determined the boundary between Mexico and the United States. As colonel, he entered the Civil War in the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, and, as brigadier- general of volunteers, had a brigade in the Fourth Army Corps after the Peninsula campaign. In 1863, he was sent to the Department of the Gulf, where, for a time, he was in charge of the defenses of New Orleans, and in May, 1864, he assumed command of the Nineteenth Army Corps. In July, with two divisions, he went to Washington and the Shenandoah valley to assist in the campaign against Early. He received the rank of major- general of volunteers in September, 1865, and commanded several departments after the war, being retired in 1876, as brigadier-general. He died in Washington, December 1, 1887.
Army (Enrpa
THE RIGHT WING of the Army of the Cumber land was made the Twentieth Army Corps on Jan uary 9, 1863, under Brigadier-General A. McD. McCook, who held it until October 9, 1863, when it was merged in the Fourth Corps, which had been created on September 28th. It was prominent in the engagement at Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25th, during the advance of the army to Tullaho- ma, and eight of its brigades were in the battle of Chickamauga.
MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER McDowELL Mc- COOK (U.S.M.A. 1863) was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, April 22, 1831, and was the son of Major Daniel McCook, whose eight other sons also served in the Civil War. He did garrison duty in the West and was an instructor at West Point. He was colonel of the First Ohio at Bull Run, and then, as brigadier-general of volunteers, went to the Department of the Ohio, where he had a command, and, later, a division at Shiloh and elsewhere, until
he headed the First Corps, Army of the Ohio, in the Kentucky campaign against Bragg. He had been made major-general of volunteers in July. He had command of the right wing (Army of the Cumberland), which bore the brunt of the attack at Stone's River. In the new organization of the army, he commanded the Twentieth Corps until after the battle of Chickamauga. Later, he had command of the northern defenses of Washington, and the District of Eastern Kansas. Retiring from the volunteer service, he resumed his rank of lieu tenant-colonel in the regular army, serving with the Twenty-sixth and other infantry regiments. He was aide-de-camp to General Sherman from 1875 to 1880. In 1890 he was made brigadier- general, and became major-general, in 1894. He held several public positions of honor, and was re tired in 1895. General McCook served on a com mission to investigate the administration of the War Department during the Spanish war. He died in Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1903.
[228]
George W. Von Schaack Led the
John H. Ketcham, Promoted for Seventh New York in the Charge Max Weber, in Command at Harper's
Gallantry During the War. against the Stonewall at Ferry in 1864.
Fredericksburg.
Charles G. Halpim (Miles O'Reilly), Poet and Author; Assistant Adju tant-General.
Charles H. Morgan, Promoted to Reg ular Rank for Gallantry in the Field.
Patrick H. Jones, Originally Colonel Charles H. Van Wyck, Originally Hiram C. Rogers Chief of Staff to
of the 154th Regiment. Colonel of the 56th Regiment. General H. W. blocum.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 18
NEW YORK
(Continued)
Guy V. Henry, Originally Colonel of the 40th Regiment.
A CORPS with the designation of Twentieth was created on April 4, 1864, from the troops of the Eleventh and Twelfth corps which, under Hooker, had joined the Army of the Cumberland in Octo ber, 1863. One division never joined the main body and finally engaged in Thomas' campaign against Hood in Tennessee, but the remainder fol lowed the fortunes of the Atlanta campaign, and
one of its brigades was the first to enter that city. On the march to the sea and the campaign through the Carolinas, the Twentieth Corps was part of Slocum's Army of Georgia. The corps command ers were Major-Generals Joseph Hooker, Henry W. Slocum, Joseph A. Mower, and Brigadier- General Alpheus S. Williams. The corps was dis continued on June 1, 1865.
5fomtiy-ftr0t Armg (Enrps
THE LEFT WING of the Army of the Cumber land was made the Twenty-first Army Corps on January 9, 1863, and the command was given to Major-General T. L. Crittendcn. Its other com manders were Brigadier-Generals T. J. Wood and Major-General J. M. Palmer. On October 9th, it was consolidated with the original Twentieth Corps and merged in the new Fourth Corps. The only battle the Twenty-first Corps participated in as an organization was Chickamauga, where one division fought with Thomas throughout the entire battle.
MAJOR-GENEBAL THOMAS LKOXIDAS CRITTKX- DKX was born in Russell ville, Kentucky, May 15, 1815, and became a lawyer. He served in the
Mexican War and later was United States consul at Liverpool, until 1853. In September, 1861, he was given a division in the Army of the Ohio under Buell, and was made major-general of volunteers for his conduct at Shiloh. In the campaign against Bragg, in Kentucky, he commanded the Second Corps, Army of the Ohio ; the Left Wing, Army of the Cumberland, at Stone's River and the Twenty-first Army Corps at Chickamauga. For a short period, May-June, 186-1, he led a division in the Ninth Corps. He resigned from the volunteer service in December, 1864, and after the war re- entered the regular army as colonel. He received the brevet of brigadier-general in 1867, was retired in 1881, and died on Staten Island, New York, October 23, 1893.
Army (ttnrps
CREATED February 2, 1863, and consisted of the troops occuping the defenses of Washington. It was first headed by Major-General S. P. Heintzelman, and he was succeeded by Major- Generals C. C. Augur and J. G. Parkc. This corps saw active service only when it held the outer line of works during Lieutenant-General Early's attack on Washington, July 12, 1864. The roster of this corps was constantly changing as the troops were sent to reen force other corps, so that it had no strong organization.
MAJOR-GENERAL CHRISTOPHER COLON AUGUR (U.S.M.A. 1843) was born in New York, July 10, 1821. He served in the Mexican War, and the campaign against the Oregon Indians. He entered
the Civil War as major in the infantry, and was made brigadier of volunteers in November, 1861. He was severely wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, where he commanded a division in the Second Corps, Army of Virginia. He sub sequently, as major-general of volunteers, had a division in the Nineteenth Corps, Army of the Gulf, from January to July, 1863, and in October was put in command of the Twenty-second Army Corps (Department of Washington) where he re mained until the close of the war. He returned to the regular army in 1866, as colonel, and was made brigadier-general in 1869. He commanded several departments in the West and South and was retired in July, 1885. He died in Washington, D. C.,. January 16, 1898.
[230]
Samuel H. Hurst, Colonel of the 73d John AY. Sprague, Originally Colonel Regiment. of the 03d Regiment.
Charles K. Manderson, Originally Colonel of the 19th Infantry.
Eliakim P. Scamtnon, Colonel of the 23d Regiment.
Americus V. Riee, Originally Colonel of the 57th Regiment.
Thomas C. H. Smith, Promoted from the 1st Cavalry in 1862.
FEDERAL
GENERALS
No. 19— OHIO
Nathaniel C. McLean, Originally Colonel of the 7th Infantry.
E. B. Tyler, Originally Colonel of the 7th Infantry.
tr& Armg
CREATED April 27, 1863, out of troops in the Department of the Ohio, then headed by Major- General A. E. Burnside. The regiments forming it had been stationed in Kentucky, and Major-Gen eral G. L. Hartsuff was placed in command. He was succeeded by Brigadier-Generals M. D. Man- son, J. D. Cox, Major-Generals George Stoneman, and J. M. Schoficld. The corps fought in Eastern Tennessee and was besieged in Knoxville. As the Army of the Ohio, it went on the Atlanta campaign and after the capture of that city, it returned to Tennessee and was prominent at Franklin and Nashville. The corps was then (except two divi sions) moved to North Carolina and captured Wilmington in February, 1865. It joined Sher man's army at Goldsboro and marched with it to Washington. The corps was discontinued, August 1, 1865.
MAJOR-GEKERAI, GEORGE LUCAS HARTSUFF (U. S.M.A. 1852) was born in Tyre, New York, May 28, 1830, and served in Texas and Florida. He was at Fort Pickens from April to July, 1861, and then under Rosecrans. At Cedar Mountain, Man- assas, and Antietam, he commanded a brigade, and in the last battle was severely wounded. In No vember, he was made major-general of volunteers, and after May, 1863, he was in command of the new Twenty-third Army Corps until September 24, 1863. Toward the end of the siege of Petersburg, he commanded the works at Bermuda Hundred. After leaving the volunteer service at the conclu sion of the war he continued in the regular army, and was retired with the rank of major-general in June, 1871, on account of his wounds. He died in New York, May 16, 1874.
Armg
CREATED December 3, 1864, to consist of white troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth corps, Army of the James. Its first commander, Major-Gen- eral E. O. C. Ord, headed it for only three days, and he was followed by Brevet Major-General A. H. Terry, Brigadier-General Charles Devens, Jr., Major-General John Gibbon, and Brevet Major- General John W. Turner. One division was sent to the operations against Fort Fisher, and its place was taken by one from the Eighth Army Corps. It was present at the final operations around Petersburg, and the pursuit of Lee. The corps was discontinued August 1, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD OTHO CRESAP ORD (U.S.M.A. 1839) was born in Cumberland, Mary land, October 18, 1818. He served in the Seminole War and in various Indian expeditions in the far West. In 1859, he took part in the capture of
John Brown at Harper's Ferry. As brigadier- general of volunteers, he commanded a brigade in Buell's Division and the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac from October, 1861, to April, 1862, and had a division in the Department of the Kappahannock until June 10th. As major-gen eral of volunteers, he commanded a division in the Army of West Tennessee. Then he assumed com mand of the Thirteenth Army Corps in the Armies of the Tennessee, and of the Gulf; of the Eight eenth Army Corps in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps in the Army of the James, to the command of which army he succeeded Major-Gen- eral B. F. Butler in January, 1865. He was wounded in the assault on Fort Harrison, but did not give up his command. Ord was retired with full rank of major-general in 1880, and died July 22, 1883, in Havana, Cuba.
2toi?ntg-ftftlf Armg
CREATED December 3, 1864, to consist of the A. Heckman. One division went with Terry to colored troops of the Tenth and Eighteenth corps, Fort Fisher; the others remained in Virginia, tak- Army of the James. Its commanders were Major- ing part in the final operations around Petersburg, General Godfrey Weitzel and Brigadier-General C. and then formed the army of occupation in Texas.
[232]
James S. Robinson, Originally John G. Mitchell, Originally Colonel George W. Morgan, Commander of a
Colonel of the 82d Regiment. of the 113th Regiment. Division at Chickasaw Bluffs.
FEDERAL GENERALS—
No. 20 OHIO
James W. Forsyth, Origi nally Colonel of the 18th U. S. Infant rv.
Ralph P. Buckland, Origi nally Colonel of the 72d Regiment.
Benjamin Potts, Originally
Colonel of the 32d
Regiment.
Charles G. Gilbert, Corps Commander at Perry- ville under Gen. Buell.
Jacob Ammen, Originally Colonel of the 24th Ohio; Led a Brigade at Shiloh.
Thomas Smith, Originally
Colonel of the 54th
Regiment.
(Corps — Army 0f ilje QDljui
Its last regiments were mustered out on January 8, 1866. In February, 1865, it numbered about fourteen thousand troops.
MAJOR-GENERAL GODFREY WEITZEL (U.S.M. A. 1855) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 1, 1835, and entered the Engineer Corps. At the opening of the Civil War, as first lieutenant, he served at the defense of Fort Pickens and was chief engineer of Butler's expedition to New Orleans, the capture of which city he planned and the act ing mayor of which he became. As brigadier-gen eral of volunteers, he had a brigade in the Depart ment of the Gulf, and a brigade and division in the Nineteenth Army Corps at the siege of Port Hud son, where he commanded the right wing of Major- General Banks' forces. In May, 1864, he was
given a division in the Eighteenth Army Corps, and later was chief engineer of the Army of the James, and constructed the fortifications at Bermuda Hundred and Deep Bottom. He was in command of the Eighteenth Army Corps from October to December, 1864, having been made major-general of volunteers. On the formation of the Twenty- fifth Army Corps (December, 1864) he was placed at its head and remained so, except for one short interval, until it was discontinued in January, 1866. He occupied Richmond, in April, 1865. After commanding a district in Texas, he was mus tered out of the service, and returned to engineer ing work in the army. He became lieutenant- colonel of engineers in 1882. He had been brevet- ted major-general in the regular army in 1865. He died in Philadelphia, March 19, 1884.
— Armij
THE ARMY OF THE OHIO was organized into three corps on September 29, 1862. The First was commanded by Major-General A. McDowell Mc- Cook. It bore the chief part in the battle of
Perryville, Kentucky (October 8, 1862), and the campaign against Bragg in Kentucky. On Octo ber 24th, it was merged in the Fourteenth Corps, known as the Army of the Cumberland.
Qlnrps — Army nf tlj?
THIS CORPS fought at Bardstown in the cam paign against Bragg. It was headed by Major- General T. L. Crittenden. It constituted the right v/ing of the army, and was accompanied by Major-
General George H. Thomas, who was second in command in the Army of the Ohio. Like the First Corps it had a brief existence, and it was merged in the Fourteenth Corps, October 24, 1862.
(Eorpa — Army 0f
THIS CORPS was commanded by Major-General C. C. Gilbert. It took part in the Kentucky cam paign, but was only slightly engaged in Perryville. Its three divisions were commanded by Brigadier-
Generals Schoepff, Mitchell, and Sheridan and Colonel Kennett. It was merged in the Fourteenth Corps, October 24, 1862.
(ftatralnj
iitlttarg itmstnn nf
THE FIRST CAVALRY CORPS in the West was or ganized in October, 1864, with Brevet Major-Gen- cral J. H. Wilson at its head. There were seven divisions, of which four took part in the battle of Nashville, December 15th and 16th. Wilson entered Alabama in March, 1865, and the corps fought
its last engagement with Forrest at Columbus, Georgia, on April 16th. One division of this corps, under Brigadier-General Judson Kilpatrick, con sisting of four brigades, accompanied Sherman's army through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was present at Bentonville and Johnston's surrender.
[234]
Emerson Opdycke, Brevett.ed for Henry Van Ness Boynton, Deco- Joseph Warren Keifer, Originally
Gallantry at tlie Buttle of Franklin. rated for Gallantry in Action. Colonel of the 110th Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 21
OHIO (CONTINUSD)
John Beatty, Originally Colonel of the 3d Regiment of Infantry.
Joel A. Dewey, Originally Colonel of the lllth U. S. Colored Troops.
Hugh Ewing, Brevetted for Gal- George P. Este, Originally Colonel Catherinus P. Buckingham, Ap- lantry in 1865. of the 14th Infantry. pointed in 1862.
daualry Itfoms — i^partm^nt of
THE CAVALRY was a separate command in the erals R. B. Mitchell, W. L. Elliott, and R. W.
Army of the Cumberland after the reorganization Johnson. In October, 1864, this force was in-
of January 9, 1863. It was headed in turn by eluded in the newly formed Cavalry Corps of the
Ma j or-General D. S. Stanley and Brigadier-Gen- Military Division of the Mississippi.
Qlorps— Artmj of % (Eumtorlanft
ORGANIZED June 8, 1863, and discontinued General Gordon Granger was its commander. It October 9th, when the troops were merged in the served through the Tullahoma campaign, and went reorganized Fourth and Fourteenth corps. Major- to the assistance of Thomas at Chickamauga.
dorps— Armg of % (iulf
THE TROOPS of the Nineteenth Corps that were not sent to Washington and the Shenandoah valley were organized into the Reserve Corps of the Army of the Gulf, on December 5, 1864. It was com-
rnandcd by Major-Generals J. J. Reynolds and
Gordon Granger, and was merged in the reor-
ganized Thirteenth Army Corps, February 18, 1865.
ffiarolma
(EorpH
ORGANIZED under the command of Brigadier- General T. W. Sherman in September and Octo- ber, 1861. It consisted of three brigades. This was the force that assisted the navy at the capture of Port Royal, occupying the abandoned works and garrisoning the base thus secured. It formed the nucleus of the Department of the South and the Tenth Army Corps,
BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS WEST SHERMAN (U.S.M.A. 1836) was born at Newport, Rhode Island, March 26, 1813. He served in the Scm- inole War and as captain in the War with Mcx- ico. At the opening of the Civil War, he was lieutenant in the artillery, and was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers, May 17, 1861. He was placed at the head of the South Caro-
lina Expeditional Corps and commanded the land forces in the operations around Port Royal. Af- ter that, he commanded a division in Grant's Army of West Tennessee. In September, 1862, he was put at the head of the Federal troops at Carrollton, Louisiana, in the Department of the Gulf, and in January, 1863, took charge of the defenses of New Orleans. He went with Banks to Port Hudson, in May, 1863, as division com- mandcr in the Nineteenth Army Corps. After that, he was again stationed at New Orleans with the reserve artillery and at the defenses of the city. After leaving the volunteer service at the close of the war, he was colonel of the Third Artillery, at Fort Adams, Rhode Island. On December 31, 1870, he was retired with full rank, of major- general. He died in Newport, March 16, 1879.
3fir0t (Eorpa — Armg of Utrgtnta
CREATED June 26, 1862, from troops in the Brigadier-General R. C. Schenck headed the corps Mountain Department under Major-Gcneral Fre- for short periods. After the close of Pope's Vir- mont, who, refusing to serve under Maj or-General ginia campaign, it was merged in the Eleventh Pope, was replaced by Maj or-General Franz Sigel. Corps, Army of the Potomac, September 12, 1862.
[236]
Fraiiklin Sawyer, Orig- Anson G. McCook, Henry M. Cist, Pro- Charles H. Grosvc- Timothy Stanley, Orig inally Colonel of the Colonel of the 194th moted for Gallantry nor, Colonel of the inally Colonel of the 8th Regiment. Regiment. at Stone's River. 18th Veteran. 18th Regiment.
Anson Stager, Conspicuous in the Telegraph Corps.
Henry C. Corbin, Colonel of Colored Infantry; Later Lieutenant-Gen eral of the United States Army.
William S. Smith, Originally Colonel of the 13th Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS
—No. 22— OHIO
William B. Woods, Originally Colonel of the 76th Regiment.
Robert K. Sc-ott, Originally Colonel of the 68th Regiment.
Army nf Hirgmia
C'REATED June £6, 1862, from the troops in the Department of the Shenandoah. It was com manded by Major-General N. P. Banks, and later by Brigadier-General A. S. Williams. It defeated
Jackson at Cedar Mountain and fought in the other battles of the campaign. When the Army of Virginia was discontinued it was merged in the Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac.
®htr& (Enrps — Army of Tfirgima
CREATED June 26, 1862, from the troops in the Department of the Rappahannock, previously the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac. It was commanded by Major-General Irvin McDowell
and later by Brigadier-General J. B. Ricketts and Major-General Joseph Hooker. On the discon tinuation of the Army of Virginia, it became again the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac.
(Uatmlry OInrpa — Armg nf ilj?
A CAVALRY DIVISION under Brigadier-General A. Pleasonton was organized in July, 1862, and was with the Army of the Potomac, until Febru ary, 1863, when the Cavalry Corps was created with Major-General George Stoneman at its head. Its other commanders were Brigadier-Generals A. Pleasonton, D. McM. Gregg, Major-General P. H. Sheridan, Brigadier-General A. T. A. Torbert, Brevet Brigadier-General William Wells, Major- Generals Wesley Merritt and George Crook. Two divisions were transferred to the Army of the Shen andoah in August, 186-i, and remained witli it until til March, 1865. At first, the corps numbered over eleven thousand men. It saw constant active serv ice ; its most important battle being the one at Bev erly Ford, Virginia, on June 9, 186-3. Its hardest fighting took place in the Wilderness campaign of 1864. The corps was broken up in May, 1865.
MAJOR-GENERAL PHILIP HENRY SHERIDAN (U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Albany, New York, March 6, 1831. After service in the West he became captain in May, 1861. He was on the staff of Halleck at Corinth, and in May, 1862, was made colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry. Defeating Forrest's and repulsing Chalmcr's supe rior force at Booneville, he was made brigadier- general of volunteers. In August, he defeated Falkner in Mississippi, and in September com manded a division in the Army of the Ohio, at Perryville and another in the Army of the Cum berland at Stone's River, for which service he was made major-general of volunteers and fought with great ability at Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge. In April, 1864, he was transferred to the command of the Cavalry Corps, Army of the Poto mac, and in August he was put at the head of
the Army of the Shenandoah and defeated Early at Cedar Creek. In December, 1864, he was made major-general in the regular army, lieutenant-gen eral in March, 1869, and general June 1, 1888. He died in Nonquit, Massachusetts, August 5, 1888.
BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED THOMAS ARCHIMEDES TORBERT (U.S.M.A. 1855) was born in Georgetown, Delaware, July 1, 1833. He en tered the Civil War as colonel of the First New Jersey Volunteers, and commanded a brigade in the Sixth Army Corps. He had command of a division in the Sixth Corps, March— April, 1864, after which he had a division in the Cavalry Corps, and was given command of the Corps on August 6, 1864. He resigned in 1866, with the brevet of major-general of volunteers and served as United States consul-general at Havana in 1871. Sep tember 30, 1880, he was drowned in the wreck of the ill-fated steamer Vera Cruz off the Florida coast.
MAJOR-GENERAL WESLEY MERRITT (U.S.M.A. I860) was born in New York, June 16, 1836. In 1861, lie was at first, second and then first lieu tenant of cavalry. He served throughout the Civil War, for the most part in the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, where he rose to the com mand of the Cavalry Corps in the Shenandoah on January 26, 1865, and in the Army of the Poto mac from March 25-May 22, 1865. After the war he served in various Indian campaigns, was super intendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, and in May, 1898, was given com mand of the United States forces to be sent to the Philippines. He was first American military gov ernor of those islands. He retired from the army in 1900 and died December 3, 1910.
[ 238 ]
VII
CONFEDERATE ARMIES
AND GENERALS
CONFEDERATES OF '(>! AT THE BIRTH OF THE SOUTHERN ARMY, WHEN" "GUARDS," "GRAYS," AND "RIFLES" ABOUNDED — THESE ARE THE "PELICAN RIFLES" OF BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA, LATER MERGED INTO THE SEVENTH LOUISIANA VOLUNTEERS WHICH SUFFERED THE HEAVIEST LOSS OF ANY CON FEDERATE REGIMENT ENGAGED IN THE FIGHT AT PORT REPUBLIC, JUNE 9, 1862
Armies nf tlje (Ennfrtorat?
THE permanent Constitution of the Confeder ate States of America provided that the Pres ident should be commander-m-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia of the several States when called into actual service. Accordingly, in any consideration of the Confederate army, the part played by President Davis must be borne in mind ; also the fact that he previously had seen service in the United States army and that he had been Secretary of War of the United States. As Secretaries of War in the Confederate States Gov ernment there were associated with President Davis, the following : LeRoy Pope Walker, of Ala bama, February 21, 1861, to September 17, 1861 ; Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, September 17, 1861, to March 17, 1862; George W. Ran dolph, of Virginia, March 17, 1862, to November 17, 1862; Major-General Gustavus W. Smith, of Kentucky, November 17, 1862, to November 21, 1862 ; James A. Seddon, of Virginia, from No vember 21, 1862, to February 6, 1865 ; and Major- General John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, Feb ruary 6, 1865, to the close of the war.
Unlike the Union army there were generals, both
regular and of the provisional army, as well as lieutenant-generals ; it being the intention that every commander of an army should rank as gen eral, and every commander of a corps should rank as lieutenant-general. Such was the case with the generals mentioned in the biographical matter following in connection with the various armies and other organizations. An exception to this statement was General Samuel Cooper, who served at Richmond as adjutant and inspector-general.
GENERAL SAMUEL COOPER (U.S.M.A. 1815) was born in Hackensack, New Jersey, June 12. 1798, and served in the army, receiving the brevet of colonel for his services in the Mexican War. He resigned in March, 1861, to enter the service of the Confederacy. He was appointed general on May 16th, but, owing to his age, took no active part in the field. He was adjutant and inspector- general of the Confederate States army through out the entire war, performing his duties with great thoroughness and ability. He died at Came ron, Virginia, December 3, 1876.
Armg 0f tty
MAJOR-GENERAL KENTON HARPER, of the Vir ginia State forces, had collected about two thou sand Virginia volunteers at Harper's Ferry as early as April 21, 1861. He was relieved on the 28th by Colonel Thomas J. Jackson, and the mustering in of volunteers went rapidly on. On May 24th, Brigadier-General Joseph E. John ston assumed command of the troops, and on June 30th, there were 10,654 present for duty, in four brigades and cavalry. This was the force that opposed Major-General Patterson in the Val ley, and it was known as the Army of the Shenan- doah. It took part in the engagement at Falling Waters, July 2d, and the skirmishes near Bunker Hill and Charlestown. Strengthened with eight Southern regiments, this army started for Manas- sas, on July 18th, and took part in the first battle of Bull Run. After this, it formed a part of the Confederate Army of the Potomac.
GENERAL JOSEPH EGGLESTON JOHNSTON (U.S. M.A. 1829) was born in Cherry Grove, near Farm- ville, Virginia, February 3, 1807. He served in the
Black Hawk, Seminole, and Mexican wars, in the last of which he was twice severely wounded. He resigned his rank of brigadier-general to enter the Confederate service on April 20, 1861, and was given the rank of general in August. He was in command at Harper's Ferry after May 24th, and headed the Army of the Shcnandoah. He brought his troops to Manassas and superseded Beaure- gard in the command, at Bull Run, joining his force to the Arm}^ of the Potomac. In command of the Army of Northern Virginia, he was severely wounded at Fair Oaks. In November, 1862, he was assigned to the head of the Department of Ten nessee, but outside of an attempt to relieve Pem- berton at Vicksburg in May, 1863, he saw no active service until he assumed command of the Army of Tennessee in December, 1863. He opposed Sher man during the Atlanta campaign of 1864, being superseded by General Hood on July 18th. His strategy was much criticised at the time, but it is now recognized that he displayed great ability during the campaign. In February, 1865, he was again given command of the Army of Tennessee,
[240]
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS
FULL RANK
BEAUREGARD
AND JOHNSTON
All the officers who held the rank of Gen eral in the Confed erate States Army are shown here, except ing Robert E. Lee, whose portrait has already appeared in this volume, an d Albert Sidney John ston, whose portrait appears among those killed in battle.
Pierre Gustave Tou- tant Beauregard re ceived the Surrender of the First Federal Citadel — Fort Sum- ter; Fought in De fense of the Last Con federate Citadel — the City of Petersburg.
Joseph Eggleston Johnston commanded the First and the Last Great Aggressive Movements of Con federate Armies — Bull Run and Bentonville.
Army of tlj? Jbuiusula
and attempted to prevent Sherman's advance through the Carolinas. .Johnston's capitulation was agreed upon near Durham's Station, North
Carolina, April 26, 1865. He was United States commissioner of railroads from 1885 to 1889. He died in Washington, March 21, 1891.
Army
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PENINSULA was es tablished on May 26, 1861, and Colonel John B. Magruder was put in command. The troops there in were organized into divisions in November, and denominated the Army of the Peninsula. In De cember, the aggregate present was about sixteen thousand. On April 12, 1862, it was merged in the Army of Northern Virginia — constituting, under Major-General Magruder, the right wing of that army.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN BANKHEAD MAGRUDER (U.S.M.A. 1830) was born at Winchester, Vir ginia, August 15, 1810, and served in the Seminolc and Mexican wars. He was stationed in Washing ton in 1861, and resigned in April to enter the Confederate service as colonel. He had charge of the artillery in and around Richmond, and after May 21st, a division in the Department of the Peninsula, the troops of which were later desig
nated the Army of the Peninsula. On June 10th, his division repelled the attack of Major-General B. F. Butler at Big Bethel, for which feat he was made brigadier-general. In October, he was pro moted to major-general. Having fortified the Pen insula, he kept McClellan's army in check in April, 1862. On April 18th, his forces became the Right Wing of the Army of Northern Virginia, and he commanded it during the Peninsula campaign. Magruder was then appointed to the Trans-Mis sissippi Department, in order to prosecute the war more vigorously in the West, but the assignment was changed, and in October, 1862, he was given the District of Texas, which was afterward en larged to include New Mexico and Arizona. Ma gruder recaptured Galveston, January 1, 1863, and kept the port open. After the war he served in the army of Maximilian, and after the fall of the Mexican empire settled in Houston, Texas, where he died, February 19, 1871.
Army of ill?
THE TROOPS assigned to operate in northwest ern Virginia were placed under the command of Brigadier-General R. S. Garnett on .June 8, 1861, and were subsequently known as the Army of the Northwest. This was the force that opposed Mc- Clcllan and Rosccrans in West Virginia, and was defeated at Rich Mountain and other places. On July 13th, Garnett was killed while retreating, and Brigadier-General Henry R. Jackson was put in command, to be superseded, within a week, by Brig adier-General W. W. Loring. Early in 1862, dis sension arose between Loring and T. J. Jackson, commanding the Valley District (Department of Northern Virginia), which led to the latter pre- ferring charges against the commander of the Army of the Northwest. As a result, the Secretary of War, on February 9, 1862, divided the army, sending some of the regiments to Knoxville, some to the Aquia District, and the remainder to the Army of the Potomac (Department of Northern Virginia). After this, the forces under Brigadier-General Ed ward Johnson stationed at Camp Alleghany, and sometimes called the Army of the Alleghany, con
tinued to be called the Armv of the Northwest. Its aggregate strength in March, 1862, was about four thousand. It finally came under Jackson in the Valley District and passed into the Army of Northern Virginia.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROBERT SELDEN GARNETT (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Essex County, Vir ginia, December 16, 1819, and served in the Mex ican War as aide to General Taylor. At the out break of the Civil War he entered the Confederate service, and in June, 1861, was appointed briga dier-general, with command of the Army of the Northwest. In the action at Carrick's Ford he was killed, June 13, 1861.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL HENRY ROOTES JACKSON was born in Athens. Georgia, June 24, 1820, and became a lawyer. He served in the Mexican War as colonel of the First Georgia Volunteers, and was charge d'affaires at Vienna, in 1863. As United States district attorney for Georgia he aided in trying slave-trading cases. At the outbreak of the
[242]
\
JOHN BELL HOOD EDMUND KIRBY SMITH
To Paraphrase a Classic Eulogy, "None Led with More Glory Skilful and Persistent Fighter Against Odds and Ever than Hood, yet Many Led and There Was Much Glory." Indomitable in the Face of Reverses in the Field.
BRAXTOX BRAGG
Leader in Three of the Fiercest Battles of the War and
Carried the Southern Battle Line to Its Farthest North
in the West; A Record of Four Years in the Field.
SAMUEL COOPER
Ranking Officer of the Army. All Commanding Generals Re-
ported to Cooper and Received All Orders from Him. His
Post and Duties were those of a Modem Cnief of Staff.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS— FULL RANK HOOD, KIRBY SMITH, BRAGG AND COOPER
[D-1G]
Armg nf tfj? Jtatmnar
Civil War he entered the Confederate Army as a brigadier-general, succeeding to temporary com mand of the Army of the Northwest after Brigadier- General Garnett was killed. He resigned his com mission because he could not obtain leave of ab sence to take charge of the Georgia coast defenses, to which post he was called by the Governor of Georgia, who made him a major-general in com mand of the State troops. After these became part of the Confederate army, in 1862, Jackson received no commission until July, 1864, when he was as signed a brigade in the Army of Tennessee. Dur ing the battle of Nashville he was made prisoner and not released until the close of the war, when he returned to Savannah to practise law. He was United States minister to Mexico in 1885, and died in Savannah, May 23, 1898.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM WING LORING was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, December 4, 1818, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars. In the latter he lost an arm. Later, he was colonel of a regiment sent against the Indians in New Mexico. He resigned from the army to enter the Confederate service, and came into command
of the Army of the Northwest, July 20, 1861. He was made major-general in February, 1862. His chief active service was in Kentucky, and in Mis sissippi, before and during the Vicksburg cam paign ; in that same State under Polk, and as di vision commander in the Army of Mississippi in the Atlanta campaign, and in the Army of Tennessee at Franklin and Nashville, and under Johnston in the Carolinas. After the war he went to Egypt, where he served as general in command of a division in the army of the Khedive. He died in New York city, December 30, 1886.
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD JOHNSON (U.S.M. A. 1838) was born in Chesterfield County, Vir ginia, April 16, 1816, and served in the Mexican War. He entered the Confederate army and was made a brigadier-general, commanding the North west forces directly under Major-General T. J. Jackson, in May, 1862. The next year (Febru ary, 1863), he was made major-general. He had a division in the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and in September, 1864, was assigned to the division of the Second Corps, Army of Tennes see. He died in Richmond, Virginia, March 2,1873.
Army flf
ON MAY 24, 1861, Brigadier-General M. L. Bonham was placed in command of the troops on the line of Alexandria. On the 31st, he was relieved by Brigadier-General P. G. T. Bcaurcgard. The forces here gathered were denominated the Army of the Potomac (afterward First Corps, Army of the Potomac) and consisted of six brigades, some unattached troops, and artillery, by the date of the battle of Bull Run. The Army of the Shenan- tloah joined this force on July 20th, when John ston superseded Beauregard. The Department of Northern Virginia was created October 22, 1861, with Johnston at its head. It included the Dis trict of the Potomac (Bcaurcgard) ; Valley Dis trict (T. J. Jackson), and Aquia District (T. H. Holmes.) In February, 1862, some of the troops in the Army of the Northwest came under John ston's control, giving his entire command a strength of over eighty-two thousand. Beauregard had been sent to Kentucky on January 29th, and the troops in the Potomac district were now divided into four divisions with several separate detach ments. On March 14th, the Army of the Potomac was denominated the Army of Northern Virginia. The total force then amounted to about fifty-five thousand.
GKXKRAL PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT BEAURE- GARD (U.S.M. A. 1838) was born near New Or leans, May 28, 1818, and entered the Engineer Corps. He served with distinction in the Mexican War, and at the outbreak of the Civil War re signed his commission (February 20, 1861), to enter the Confederate army as a brigadier-general, being given command of the Confederate forces bombarding Fort Sumter. He took command of the Army of the Potomac on June 20th. After Bull Run lie was made general. He was given the com mand of the Army of the Mississippi in March, 1862, and was second in command after A. S. Johnston joined his forces with it. After the lat- ter's death at Shiloh, Beauregard remained at the head of the army until after the withdrawal from Corinth at the end of May. In 1863, he defended Charleston, and after May, 1864, cooperated with Lee in the defense of Petersburg and Richmond. He commanded the Confederate forces in the Car olinas in 1865, merging them with those under General J. E. Johnston, and surrendered his army to Sherman. After the war, he was a railroad pres ident, adjutant-general of Louisiana, and manager of the State lottery. He died in New Orleans, Feb ruary 20, 1893.
[244]
RICHARD STODDERT EWELL
A Battle Record from July 21, 1861, to April 6, 1865. Fought Nearly Three Years on a Wooden Leg.
JAMES LONGSTREET
None Knew Better than Longstreet's Opponents How and Where He Earned the Sobriquet "Lee's Warhorse."
JUBAL ANDERSON EARLY
Modest in Victory, Undaunted by Defeat, He Defended the Shenandoah Against Enormous Odds.
DANIEL HARVEY HILL
Had No Superior as the Marshal of a Division in Assault or Defense.
LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No. 1
On this and the two pages following appear portraits of all officers who held the rank of Lieutenant- General in the Confederate States Army, with the exception of " Stonewall " Jackson and A. P. Hill, whose portraits have appeared among the general officers killed in battle.
Armtj nf Nnrtlj^rn Utrgtma
GENERAL J. E. JOHNSTON was wounded at»Scvcn Pines, May 31, 1862, and Major-General G. W. Smith took command of the Army of North ern Virginia. On June 1st, General Robert E. Lee assumed command. In April, the forces on the Peninsula had been included in this army, and now the troops in eastern Virginia and North Car olina were made part of it. By the end of July, 1862, the division organization had been further concentrated into three commands, or corps, headed by Major-Generals T. J. Jackson, James Longstreet, and D. H. Hill, with cavalry under Brigadier-General J. E. B. Stuart, and artillery under Brigadier-General W. N. Pendleton. There was an aggregate present of about ninety-five thou sand. Subsequently, the army took a more per manent form in two corps commanded by Jackson and Longstreet, with cavalry corps and artillery separate. Lieutenant-Gencral A. P. Hill was given the Second Corps after Jackson's death, and on
May 30, 1863, this was divided, with additions from the First Corps, into the Second and Third corps, commanded by Lieutenant-Generals R. S. Ewell and A. P. Hill respectively. The army numbered about seventy thousand in the Gcttvs- burg campaign. This organization of the main body of the army continued throughout the war, although other generals, for various reasons, com manded the corps from time to time. A new corps of North Carolina and Virginia troops under Lieutenant-General R. H. Anderson was added at the end of 1864. Longstrect's corps, with the ex ception of Pickett's division, was with the Army of Tennessee, and in eastern Tennessee, for a short period in 1863 and 1864, at and after the battle of Chickamauga. The last report of the armv» February, 1865, showed an aggregate present of over seventy-three thousand. The Army of North ern Virginia laid down its arms at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865.
(ttnrpa — Armg of
THE ORGANIZATION of the volunteer Confeder ate forces under Brigadier-General Beauregard into the First Corps, Army of the Potomac, was announced on June 20, 1861. There were then six brigades, which number was increased later to eight. The strength of the corps was about thirty thousand. A division organization was afterward adopted, and one of these divisions, commanded by Major-Gcneral Longstreet, was denominated the Center of Position, Army of Northern Virginia, at the opening of the Peninsula campaign. It con tained about fourteen thousand men. As the Sec ond Division (or Corps) of the army, the troops fought from Fair Oaks, where they were known as the Right Wing, through the Seven Days' battles. Toward the end of July, the army was further con centrated into commands of which one, consisting of six divisions, was headed by Longstreet, and this, during the campaign against Pope, was called the Right Wing or Longstreet's Corps. After the battle of Antietam, the corps was desig nated the First Corps, Army of Northern Vir ginia. In September, 1863, Lee sent the corps, with the exception of Pickett's division, to assist Bragg, and, as Longstreet's Corps, fought in the Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga and remained in East Tennessee until April, 1864, when it rejoined the Army of Virginia. Major-
General R. H. Anderson succeeded to the command of the corps after Longstreet was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6th. The latter re turned to his corps, October 19th, and continued at the head until the surrender at Appomattox.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET (U. S.M.A. 1842) was born in Edgcficld District, South Carolina, January 8, 1821, and served in the Mexican War, where he was severely wounded. In June, 1861, he resigned as major in the army and was appointed brigadier-general in the Confeder ate service. As major-general, he had a division, and, later, as lieutenant-general, the First Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. In September,
1863, he was sent with part of his corps to Ten nessee and took command of the left wing at the battle of Chickamauga. He was then placed at the head of the Department of East Tennessee and re turned to Virginia in April, 1864. He was severely wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6,
1864, but resumed command of the corps in Octo ber. After the war, he engaged in business in New Orleans and held several political offices. In 1880- 81 he was American minister to Turkey, and in 1898 he was appointed United States railway com missioner. He died at Gainesville, Georgia, Jan uary 2, 1904.
[246]
Wade Hampton Fought from Bull Run to Bentonville. With J. K. B. Stuart's Cavalry he "Stood in the Way" of Sheridan at Trevilian Station in 1864.
Richard Henry Anderson Com manded a Brigade on the Pen insula; Later He Commanded a Division and, after the Wilder ness, Longstreet's Corps.
John Brown Gordon. This In trepid Leader of Forlorn Hope Assaults Rose from a Civilian Captain to the Second Highest Rank in the Army.
Leonidas Polk, Bishop and Soldier
Both, to the End; He Fell on
the Battlefield of Pine Mountain
in the Defense of Atlanta.
William Joseph Hardee, On the
Front Line for Four Years; Last
Commander of the Defense of
Charleston and Savannah.
Stephen Dill Lee Fought in Five States; with Beauregard at Charles ton, April, 18(51, and with Hood at Nashville, December, 18C4.
LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No.
— Armg uf £far%ru Virginia
ON SEPTEMBER 25, 1861, Major-General G. W. Smith was assigned to the command of the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, which was organized to consist of all the troops not hitherto assigned to the First Corps. After October 22d, the force was known as the Second Division and contained five brigades. It numbered almost twenty thou sand men, and passed into the Reserve, Second Di vision, and D. H. Hill's Division of the Army of Northern Virginia. Most of these troops finally came under the command of Licutenant-Gencral T. J. Jackson and became known as the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, after the battle of Antietam. After Jackson's death, Lieutenant- General K. S. Ewell succeeded to the corps, after it had been temporarily headed by Stuart and A. P. Hill. On May 30, 1863, two divisions were detached to enter the Third Army Corps. The corps was commanded by Lieutenant-General J. A. Early in the Shenandoah campaign of 1864, and in the closing months of the war around Petersburg, by Lieutenant-General John B. Gordon.
MAJOR-GENERAL GUSTAVUS WOODSON SMITH (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Georgetown, Ken tucky, January 1, 1822, and served in the Mexican War. He resigned from the army in 185-1 to enter upon a Cuban expedition under Quitman, and afterward settled in New York City. At the out break of the Civil War he joined the Confederate forces at New Orleans, under Lovcll. In Septem ber, 1861, he was appointed major-general and was given command of the Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, which was continued in the Army of Northern Virginia, until March 23, 1862, when he was put at the head of the Reserves. After John ston was wounded at Fair Oaks, May 31st, Major- General Smith, who wras leading the left wing, took command of the whole army, but was stricken by illness the following day and was succeeded by Gen eral Lee. In August, he took charge of the de fenses of Richmond and was acting Secretary of War in November. In February, 1863, he resigned from the service, and on June 1, 1864, took com mand of the Georgia Militia. He was captured by Major-Gcncral J. H. Wilson at Marion in April, 1865. He died in New York, June 24, 1896.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD STODDERT EWELL (U.S.M.A. 1840) was born in Georgetown, District of Columbia, February 8, 1817, and served with distinction in the Mexican War. He joined the Confederate army in 1861, and was made ma jor-general the following year. He fought as bri
gade and division commander with the Army of Northern Virginia, and was given command of the Second Corps after the death of Lieutenant- General T. J. Jackson, being made lieutenant- general in May, 1863. He was prominent in all its battles, and at Groveton he lost a leg. After June, 1864, when his corps was sent to the Shenandoah valley under Lieutenant-General J. A. Early, he was in command of the defenses of Richmond until the evacuation of that city. He died at Spring Hill, Tennessee, January 25, 1872.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JUBAL ANDERSON EARLY (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Franklin County, Virginia, November 3, 1816, and served in the Seminolc War of 1837, after which he resigned to take up the practice of law. In the Mexican War, he served as major of Virginia volunteers, and at the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Con federate army as colonel, rising to the rank of lieu tenant-general in May, 1864. He commanded a brigade at Bull Run, was wounded at Williams- burg, and had a division at Antietam and after ward. He had temporary command of both the Second and Third corps, Army of Northern Vir ginia, during the Wilderness campaign, and in June, 1864, was sent with the Second Army Corps to the Shenandoah valley, whence he made his way to Washington and attacked the city on July 12th. His forces were finally routed at Cedar Creek, Oc tober 19th, by Sheridan. He was relieved of the command of the Trans-Alleghany Department in March, 1865, after a defeat by Custcr. After the war he practised law. He refused to take the oath of allegiance to the United States, and died in Lynchburg, Virginia, March 2, 1894. He is recog nized as one of the ablest of the Confederate gen erals.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN BROWN GORDON was born in Upson County, Georgia, February 6, 1832. He became a lawyer, but entered the Con federate service as lieutenant-colonel of an Ala bama regiment, and rose to the rank of lieu tenant-general before the close of the war. He WHS brigade and division commander in the Army of Northern Virginia, and was prominent in the Sec ond Army Corps during Early's campaign in the Shenandoah valley. He was at the head of the Second Corps after January 31, 1865, and was in command of the left wing at the time of Lee's surrender. After the war, he became prominent in Georgia politics and was United States senator from that State, 1873-1880, and in 1891-1897.
[248]
ALEXANDER PETER STEWART NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST
A Leader in Every Great Campaign from Shiloh to Bentonville.
The American Murat and the King of Mounted Raiders.
JOSEPH WHEELER
Masterful as Well as Indefatigable and Indomitable Leader of Cavalry.
LIEUTENANT-GENERALS OF THE CONFEDERACY— GROUP No. 3
'
SIMON BOLIVAR BUCKNER
Defender of His Native Ken tucky in 1861 and in 1865; Led a Corps to Victory at Chickamauga.
RICHARD TAYLOR
Skillful Defender of the
Trans-Mississippi
Territory.
THKOPIIILrS HUNTER HOLMES
JOHN CLIFFORD PEMBERTON
Defender of the James River Baffled the Assailants of in 1862 and Arkansas Vicksburg Through Three
in 1863. Campaigns, Yielding to
only Heavy Odds.
(Eorpa — Army of Noriljmt Uirgtttia
From 1887 to 1890, he was governor of Georgia. He was Commander-in-chief of the United Confed
erate Veterans after 1900. Florida, January 9, 1904.
He died at
(Harps — Army of 5far%rn Btrgmta
CREATED from three divisions of the First and Second corps, Army of Northern Virginia, on May 30, 1863, and put under the command of Lieu- tenant-General A. P. Hill. Its first battle was Gettysburg. Hill was killed in front of Peters burg, April 2, 1865, and the corps was united with the First until the surrender at Appomattox.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL AMBROSE POWELL, HILL (U.S.M.A. 1847) was born in Culpcper County,
Virginia, November 9, 1825, and served in the Mexican and Seminole wars. In 1861, he resigned from the army to enter the Confederate volunteers. He was appointed brigadier-general February 26, 1862, major-general in the following May and was one of the most efficient officers in the Confed erate army, and rose to the command of the Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, when it was created in May, 1863, being made lieutenant-gen eral at the same time. He was killed April 2, 1865.
Armtj nf Norton Htrgtma
ORGANIZED late in 1864 to consist of the divi sions of Major-Generals R. F. Hoke and Bushrod R. Johnson, and a battalion of artillery under Col onel H. P. Jones. It contained an aggregate strength of about fourteen thousand. Hoke's di vision served with the First Army Corps and was sent to Wilmington, North Carolina, on Decem ber, 20, 1864. Johnson's division remained with the Army of Northern Virginia until the surrender at Appomattox.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD HERRON AN DERSON (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in South Car olina, October 27, 1821, and served with dis tinction in the Mexican War. He resigned from the army in March, 1861, to enter the Confeder ate service. As colonel, he commanded the First South Carolina Infantry in the attack on Fort Sumtcr, and became brigadier-general in July, 1861. He destroyed a Union camp near Pensa- cola, in October, and in February, 1862, was as
signed to a brigade in Longstrcet's Division in the Department of Northern Virginia. This he led with great distinction through the Peninsula campaign, being made major-general in July, 1862. He had a division in the First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, at Second Hull Run and after. At Antietam, he was severely wounded, but he fought at Frcdericksburg and Chancellors- ville, and at Gettysburg he was in the Third Army Corps. After the wounding of Longstreet, in the battle of the Wilderness, Anderson was given com mand of the First Army Corps, receiving the ap pointment of lieutenant-general on June 1, 1864. In August, he was sent with an infantry division, one of cavalry, and a battalion of artillery to the assistance of Lieutenant-General Early in the Shcnandoah, remaining there about a month. After the return of Longstreet to his corps, An derson's Corps, consisting of two divisions, was organized, with Lieutenant-General Anderson at its head. He died at Beaufort, South Carolina, .June 26, 1879.
dorps — Army nf Nnrtljmt Utrjjtma
THE VARIOUS TROOPS of cavalry in this army were finally gathered into a division of several bri gades under the command of Brigadier-General J. E. B. Sttfart. By the date of the battle of Gettys burg, July, 1863, the cavalry was organized in di
visions and the organization was known as the Cavalry Corps. After the death of Major-Gen eral J. E. B. Stuart, May, 1864, Major-General (later Lieutenant-General) Wade Hampton took command. Major-General Fitzhugh Lee also
[250]
(lustavus Woodson Smith, Defender of Yorktown and Richmond.
John Bankhead Magruder, Defender of the Virginia Peninsula in 1861.
William Wing Loring. with Robert E. Lee in West Virginia in 1801.
Samuel Jones, Commander Florida, Georgia and South Carolina.
Sterling Price Fought on Both Sides Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, Brigade, of the Mississippi River. Division and Corps Commander.
Dabney Herndon Maury, Defender of the Lower Mississippi in 18C2-4.
CONFEDERATE MAJOR-GENERALS
Earl Van Dorn, a Daring and Resourceful Army Commander.
John Cabel Breckinridge, Defender of the Mississippi in 1861.
CONSPICUOUS AS COMMANDERS OF ARMIES OR ARMY CORPS
Army uf tlj?
commanded several divisions at one time and was in command of the corps at Appomattox.
MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES EWELL BROWN STU ART (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born in Patrick Coun ty, Virginia, February 6, 1833, and entered the Cavalry Corps of the United States army, serv ing in Kansas and against the Cheyenne Indians. He resigned his commission as captain in the army in May, 1861, to enter the Confederate service, as colonel of the First Virginia Cavalry, with which he fought under Johnston at Bull Run. He was made brigadier-general in September and major- general the following July. He had a brigade, and a division, and was placed at the head of the Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, when it was organized, in the summer of 1863. Stuart proved himself to be a great cavalry leader, and his exploits won him much renown. Among his famous deeds were the ride around McClellan's army in June, 1862; the dash on Pope's headquar ters at Catlett's Station, Virginia, and the raid on Manassas Junction in August ; the expedition into Pennsylvania after Antietam, and the cooperation with Jackson at Chancellorsville. After the wounding of Jackson in that battle, he had tem porary command of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. In the Wilderness campaign of 1864, he was very active, but was mortally wounded in an encounter with Sheridan's cavalry at Yellow Tavern. He died May 12, 1864.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL WADE HAMPTON was born in Charleston, South Carolina, March 28, 1818. He was one of the largest slave-owners in the South. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he raised and equipped, in part, Hampton's South Carolina Legion, of which he was colonel. He was wounded at Fair Oaks, as brigadier-general at the head of a brigade, and thrice at Gettysburg, where he commanded a cavalry brigade. In Au gust, 1863, he was made major-general with a di
vision in the cavalry, and after the death of Stu art, he became head of the Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. He made a famous raid on General Grant's commissariat, capturing some twenty-five hundred head of cattle. In February, 1865, he was made lieutenant-general, and com manded the cavalry in the Army of Tennessee, as well as a division of that of the Army of North ern Virginia. After the war, he strongly advocated the policy of conciliation. In 1876, he was gov ernor of South Carolina; from 1878 to 1891, United States senator, and from 1893 to 1897, United States commissioner of railroads. He died in Columbia, South Carolina, April 11, 1902.
MAJOR-GENERAL FITZHUGH LEE (U.S.M.A. 1856) was born in Clermont, Virginia, November 19, 1835. He served against the Indians, and was cavalry instructor at West Point until he re signed his commission in May, 1861, to enter the Confederate service, becoming adjutant-general in Ewcll's brigade. He was made major-general September 3, 1863. He had a brigade and divi sion in the cavalry of the Army of Northern Vir ginia through all its campaigns, including that of Early in the Shenandoah in 1864, where he was wounded at the Opequon. He was in command of the Cavalry Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, from March, 1865, until the surrender, replacing Wade Hampton, who went to the Army of Ten nessee. From 1886 to 1890 he was governor of Virginia, and, under appointment of President Cleveland, consul-general at Havana from 1896 to the outbreak of the Spanish- American War. President McKinley appointed him major-general of volunteers in 1898 and placed him at the head of the Seventh Army Corps. He was made mili tary governor of Havana in 1899. Later, he com manded the Department of the Missouri. He re ceived the rank of brigadier-general in February, 1901, and was retired the following month. He died in Washington, April 28, 1905.
Army 0f llje
THE CONFEDERATE FORCES assigned to operate in the Kanawha valley, West Virginia, were placed under the command of Brigadier-General John B. Floyd on August 11, 1861, and denominated the Army of the Kanawha. This force and one under Brigadier-General Henry A. Wise were its chief constituents. The troops took part in the en
gagement at Carnifex Ferry. The strength of the command was about thirty-five hundred. Some of the troops were sent with Floyd to the Central Army of Kentucky, early in 1862, and formed one of its divisions. Several of the regiments were cap tured at Fort Donelson when this post capitulated to General Grant.
[252]
i
V
James T. Holtzclaw Led a Brigade of Alabamians.
Jonas M. Withers, Originally Colonel of the 3d Infantry.
John PI. Kelly, a Gallant Boy General.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS No. 1— ALABAMA
This is the first of 25 groups embracing representative gen eral officers of 14 States. On preceding pages of this volume appear portraits of all generals and lieutenant-generals, all generals killed in battle, also commanders of armies and army corps. Many appear in preceding volumes of this His tory as identified with particu lar events or special branches of the service, as cavalry and artillery. Information concern ing every general officer may be found through the roster and index concluding this volume.
Cullen A. Battle Led a Brigade in Virginia.
Edmund W. Pettus Became a Noted United States Senator.
James H. Clanton Led a Cav alry Brigade in Mississippi.
Charles M. Shelley Led a Brigade with Stewart.
Philip D. Roddey, Conspic uous Cavalry Leader.
Henry De La mar Clayton, Originally Colonel of Infantry.
Army of Eastern IKentmrky
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN BUCHANAN FLOYD was born at Blacksburg, Virginia, June 1, 1807, and became a lawyer, practising in Arkansas and Virginia. He entered politics, and served in the Virginia legislature, and as governor of the State in 1850. He was Secretary of War in the Buchanan cabinet, where owing to his administrative methods he was requested to resign in 1860. At the opening of the Civil War he entered the Confederate army and was appointed brigadier-general in May, 1861.
He headed the force known as the Army of the Kan- awha, and in February, 1862, was in command of Fort Donelson, Tennessee. He and Brigadier-Gen eral Gideon J. Pillow fled therefrom the night before the capitulation, leaving Brigadier-General Simon Bolivar Buckner to conduct the negotiations and surrender to General Grant. For this General Floyd was relieved of his command. In November, 1862, he was in command of the Virginia State Line, and died at Abingdon, Virginia, August 26, 186-3.
Army nf iEastmt Kentucky
A TITLE applied to the troops under Brigadier- General Humphrey Marshall, consisting of the militia of Wise, Scott and Lee counties, in 1861. It was a small force of about fifteen hundred men, and was scattered by Federal troops under Briga dier-General James A. Garfield. Its chief action was at Pound Gap, March 16, 1862.
BRIGADIER - GENERAL HUMPHREY MARSHALL (U.S.M.A. 1832) was born in Frankfort, Ken tucky, January 13, 1812. He resigned from the army the year after his graduation and became a lawyer. He went to the Mexican War as colonel of
Army
ORGANIZED December 14, 1861, to embrace all the forces on the Rio Grande above Fort Quit- man, and those in the territories of New Mexico and Arizona. Its main object was the conquest of California. Brigadier-General H. H. Sibley was placed in command. He had about thirty-seven hundred men. His troops won the battle of Val- verde, occupied Santa Fe and fought at Glorieta (or Apache Canon). The army was forced to re treat into Texas, in April, 1862, by Federal troops under Colonel E. R. S. Canby. Sibley was relieved of the command in December, 1862.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL HENRY HOPKINS SIBLEY (U.S.M.A. 1838) was born at Natchitoches, Louis
cavalry, and led a charge at Buena Vista. In 1849, he became a member of Congress, and, after being commissioner to China in 1852, served again until 1859. He entered the Confederate service, being made brigadier-general in October, 1861. At the head of a small force, sometimes called the Army of Eastern Kentucky, he undertook the conquest of that region, but was driven from it by Brigadier- General James A. Garfield in March, 1862. After this, he had several commands in Virginia and re signed from the service in June, 1863. He re sumed his practice of law and was elected member of the Confederate Congress from Kentucky. He died in Louisville, March 28, 1872.
iana, May 23, 1816, and served in the Seminolc and Mexican wars. He was the inventor of the famous Sibley tent. The outbreak of the Civil War found him on an Indian campaign in New Mexico, serv ing as a major of dragoons, but he accepted a com mission as brigadier-general in the Confederate army and became commander of the Army of New Mexico. After his repulse at Glorieta, March 28, 1862, he was driven back into Texas. He con tinued his service at the head of various commands in Louisiana, south of the Red River. After the war he entered the service of the Khedive of Egypt, where he was, from 1869 to 1873, engaged in building coast and river defenses. He died at Fredericksburg, Virginia, August 23, 1886.
Army 0f ICnufetana
AT THE BEGINNING of the war, the Louisiana BRIGADIKII-GKNERAL PAUL OCTAVE HKBERT
State troops, commanded by Major-General Brax- (U.S.M.A. 1840) was born in Bayou Goula, Hcr- ton Bragg and later by Colonel P. 0. Hebert, were ville Parish, Louisiana, November 12, 1818. He sometimes designated the Army of Louisiana. resigned from the army in 1845, reentering as
[254J
Young M. Moody, Command er of the District of Florida.
Isham \V. Garrott, Original
Colonel of 20th
Regiment.
William F. Perry Led a Noted
Brigade under
Longstreet.
William H. Forney Led an Alabama Brigade in Hill's Corps.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 2 ALABAMA
William W. Allen Led a Cavalry Division in Wheeler's Corps.
John H. Forney, One of the Defenders of Vicksburg in 1863.
LeRoy P. Walker, First
Confederate Secretary
of War.
Sterling A. M. Wood Led
a Brigade at Chicka-
mauga.
James Cantey Commanded
the Garrison at
Mobile.
Zachary C. Deas Led a Bri gade of Alabamians in Tennessee.
Army uf
lieutenant-colonel in the Mexican War, where he received the brevet of colonel for his gallant con duct at Molino del Key. While governor of Louisi ana, 1853 to 1856, he appointed his classmate, W. T. Sherman, to the head of the Louisiana Mili- tai%y Academy. When the Civil War broke out he succeeded Bragg in command of the Confederate
forces in Louisiana, and was appointed brigadier- general August 17, 1861. He was in special com mand of the defenses of New Orleans. Later, he commanded in turn the Department and District of Texas in the Trans-Mississippi. After the war he became state engineer of Louisiana. He died in New Orleans, August 29, 1880.
Armg nf
THE FORCES at or near Pensacola, Florida, un der Major-General Braxton Bragg, were desig nated the Army of Pensacola on October 22, 1861. Brigadier-General A. H. Gladden had temporary command in December, and Brigadier-General Samuel Jones took charge on January 27, 1862. The force then numbered eighty-one hundred men, divided among regiments from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. On March 13th, the army was discontinued, the regiments entering the Army of the Mississippi or assigned for duty elsewhere. Pensacola was evacuated by the Confederate troops on the 9th of May.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL, ADLEY H. GLADDEN was born in South Carolina. He entered the Confed erate army and was appointed a brigadier-general from Louisiana in September, 1861. He had a brigade at Pensacola, and was in temporary com mand of the Army of Pensacola in December, 1861, and was given command of a brigade in the Second Corps, Army of the Mississippi. He was mortally wounded at Shiloh April 6, 1862.
MAJOR-GENERAL SAMUEL JONES (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Virginia, in 1820, and resigned his commission of captain in April, 1861, to en ter the Confederate service. He was made major of artillery. He was acting adjutant-general of the Virginia forces in May and chief of artillery and ordnance in the Army of the Potomac from May to July, 1861. Appointed brigadier-gen eral after the battle of Bull Hun, he was as signed to the Army of Pensacola, in January, 1862, and the following month to the head of the Department of Alabama and West Florida. In April, he was given a division in the Army of the West, and in June, after having been appointed major-general in May, he was put at the head of a division in the Second Corps, Army of the Mis sissippi. After September, 1862, he commanded various departments in Tennessee and Virginia, being placed at the head of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in April, 1864. At the close of the war he was in charge of the Department of Florida and South Georgia. He died in Washington, D. C., April 1, 1887.
Army 0f
ON JANUARY 27, 1862, the command of Briga dier-General Jones M. Withers, consisting of Ala bama troops in and around the city of Mobile, was designated the Army of Mobile. Its strength was about ten thousand. It was subsequently com manded by Colonel J. B. Villepigue, temporarily, and Brigadier-General Samuel Jones, after March 15th. Many of the regiments entered the Army of the Mississippi and fought at Shiloh under With ers. More regiments were sent to that army, and on June 27, the Army of Mobile was discontinued.
MAJOR-GENERAL JONES MITCHELL WITHERS (U.S.M.A. 1835) was born in Madison County,
Alabama, January 12, 1814, and resigned from the army in 1848. He entered the Con federate service and received an appointment as brigadier-general in July, 1861. He was pro moted to major-general after the battle of Shiloh. From January 27th to February 28, 1862, he was in command of the Army of Mobile. He then had a division in the Second Corps, Army of the Mississippi, and also the Reserve Corps for a time, and passed into the Right Wing and Polk's Corps, Army of Tennessee. He resigned his com mission July 13, 1863, but his rank was restored within a few days, after which he assumed various commands in Alabama. He surrendered at Merid-
[256]
-
Thomas Churchill Commanded t Division in the Army of the West; Defender of Arkansas and Red River Region.
Thomas C. Hindman Commanded
the Trans-Mississippi District in
1863; Led Troops at Shiloh
and Chickamauga.
John F. Fagan, Originally Colonel of the 1st Arkansas Infantry; Con spicuous in the Attack on Helena, July 4, 1863.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 3 ARKANSAS
Lucius E. Polk, Leader of a Charge at Murfreesboro.
Albert Pike, Commander of Indian Troops at Pea Ridge.
Albert Rust Led a Brigade
in the Army of the
West.
James C. Tappan Led Brigade West of the Mississippi.
William L. Cabell Led Brigade of Arkansas Cavalry.
a John S. Roane, in Com mission at Little Rock, Ark.
(E? tttntl Armg of 2Cr ttturkg
ian, Mississippi, May 11, 1865, and died March 13, 1890.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN BORDENAVE VILLE- PIGUE (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born in Cainden, South Carolina, July 2, 1830, and resigned from the army in March, 1861, to enter the Confederate service. As colonel, he was temporarily in com mand of the Army of Mobile. He was appointed
brigadier-general, March 18, 1862. He was in command at Fort Pillow at the time of Flag- Officer Davis's attack, May- June, 1862, and com manded a brigade at the battle of Corinth, Octo ber 4th. He died at Port Hudson, Louisiana, November 9, 1862, as the result of illness. Ville- pigue was considered one of the most promising young officers in the Confederate service, and his untimely death was greatly deplored.
Central Armg 0f
BRIGADIER-GENERAL S. B. BUCKNER assumed command of the forces in central Kentucky, Sep tember, 1861, and he was followed October 28th, by General Albert Sidney Johnston. The troops were organized in two divisions with a reserve, and a third division, under Brigadier-General John B. Floyd, was added later on. Major-Gcneral Har- dee had temporary command, December, 1861- February, 1862. On March 29, 1862, the Central Army of Kentucky, whose strength was about twenty-three thousand, was consolidated with the Army of the Mississippi, under the latter designa tion, with General Johnston in command and Gen eral P. G. T. Beauregard second.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIMON BOLIVAR BUCK NER (U.S.M.A. 1841) was born in Kentucky, April 1, 1823. He served in the Mexican War and
taught at West Point. He resigned from the army in 1855, and returned to Kentucky to practise law. He entered the Confederate service in September, 1861, taking command in central Kentucky. He commanded a division of the Central Army of Kentucky at Bowling Green and at Fort Donel- son. On February 16, 1862, he surrendered the fort and garrison of Fort Donelson and was sent to Fort Warren as a prisoner of war, being ex changed in August. He was then made major- general and had a division in Bragg's army and was given a temporary corps at ChickamaUga. He was made lieutenant-general in September, 1864, and was commander in several districts of the Trans-Mississippi Department. He was elect ed governor of Kentucky in 1887, and in 1896 was the candidate of the Gold Democrats for Vice- President.
Armg nf East
IN FEBRUARY, 1862, Major-General E. Kirby Smith was sent to Knoxville to assume command of the troops in Kast Tennessee. With the army thus organized, it was intended to create a diversion in favor of General A. S. Johnston's operations wfth the Army of the Mississippi. The Army of Kast Tennessee was engaged in many minor en gagements. On August 25th, the organization was designated the Army of Kentucky and was com posed of three divisions. It led the advance in Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and was successful at the battle of Richmond, August 30th, raising great hopes for the Confederate conquest of Ken tucky. On November 20, 1862, the Army of Kentucky was merged as Smith's Corps in the Army of Tennessee.
GENERAL EDMUND KIRBY SMITH (U.S.M.A.
— Armg nf
1845) was born in St. Augustine, Florida, May 16, 1824, and served in the Mexican War, after which he was professor of mathematics at West Point. In April, 1861, he resigned his commission as captain to join the Confederates, becoming a brigadier-general in June. He was chief-of-staff to and had a brigade under General Joseph E. Johnston. He was seriously wounded at Bull Run. Early in 1862, as major-general, he was placed in command of the Army of East Tennessee (after ward Kentucky). In October of the same year he was made lieutenant-general and continued in the Department of East Tennessee. He was made gen eral, and assumed command of the Trans-Missis sippi Department in February, 1863. He sur rendered his troops to Major-General Canby at Baton Rouge, May 26, 1865, having, the year be fore, defeated Major-General Banks in the Red
[258]
i
William N. 11. Beall, District Com mander in Mississippi and Louisiana.
Dandridge McRae Led a Brigade Alexander T. Hawthorne Led a Bri in Battles West of the gade in the Army of the
Mississippi. Mississippi.
Daniel H. Reynolds Fought with Hood at Nashville.
Daniel C. Govan Commanded a Noted Brigade.
Evander McNair, Important Leader in the Army of Tennessee.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 4 ARKANSAS
Thomas P. Dockery Led a Cav alry Brigade.
Frank C. Armstrong, Brilliant Cav- alrv Commander.
Army of tlj?
River campaign. After the war, he devoted him self largely to education, becoming chancellor of the University of Nashville from 1870 to 1875,
and later professor of mathematics at the Uni versity of the South. He died in Sewanee, Ten nessee, March 28, 1898.
Army
FROM TROOPS in the Western Department (De partment No. 2) was created the Army of the Mis sissippi on March 5, 1862, and to General P. G. T. Beauregard was given the command. The army was divided into two corps headed by Major-Gen erals Leonidas Polk and Braxton Bragg. On March 29th, the army was joined to the Central Army of Kentucky with its three divisions, reserve corps, and cavalry. General A. S. Johnston, of the latter, took command of the Army of the Mis sissippi, that name having been preserved. Beaure gard was second in command. The whole body was gathered at Corinth (except a force at Fort Pil low) in three corps, a reserve corps, and cavalry, and this was the organization that fought at Shi- loh, when its strength was about forty thousand. The death of General Johnston placed the chief command upon General Beauregard, who was re lieved June 27, 1862, by Major-General Hardce, and he, on August 15th, by Major-Gencral Bragg. The army was transferred to Chattanooga in July. Major-General Polk had temporary command from September 28th to November 7, 1862, when, on the return of Bragg, the organization was called the Army of Tennessee.
GENERAL ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON (U.S.M. A. 1826) was born in Washington, Mason County,
Kentucky, February 3, 1803. He served in the Black Hawk War and resigned his commission in 1834. Two years later, lie entered the army of the Texan Republic as a private, soon becoming a brigadier-general, and in 1838 was commander- in-chicf of the army of Texas and Secretary of War. Later, he reentered the United States Army and served in the Mexican War with distinction. As colonel, he conducted an ex pedition against the Mormons in Utah in 1857, which won him a brevet of brigadier-gen eral. He remained in command in Utah until Feb ruary, 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was in command of the Department of the Pacific, but, by reason of his Southern sympathies, he resigned his commission to enter the Confeder ate service with the rank of general. He assumed command of Department No. 2, or Western De partment, on September 15, 1861. In October lie took immediate control of the Central Army of Kentucky, holding the line of Bowling Green, Ken tucky, until February, 1862, against vastly supe rior numbers. On March 29, 1862, this army united with the Army of the Mississippi and Johns ton took command of the new organi/ation. He was killed on the battlefield of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and his death was a stunning blow to the new Confederacy.
(Corps — Army 0f
MAJOR-GENERAL W. J. HARDEE, who had been commander in northwestern Arkansas, was placed at the head of the Third Corps of the Army of the
Mississippi on its reorganization, March 29, 1862. In August, the corps wras merged in the Left Wing of the Army of the Mississippi.
Army of
COMMANDED by Major-General George B. Crit- tenden on March 29, 1862, and by Major-General J. C. Breckinridge after April 6th, and, later, by Brigadier-General Jones M. Withers. After Shi loh, and the siege of Corinth, the corps went to Louisiana and fought the battle of Baton Rouge,
August 6, 1862, with the Federal troops under Brigadier-General Thomas Williams. Then it, returned with Breckinridge to form the Army of Middle Tennessee and was merged in Hardee's (Second) Corps, Army of Tennessee, as the First Division, in November, 1862.
[260]
Jesse J. Finley Commanded William (!. M. Davis Led a Robert Bullock, Colonel of William Miller Commanded a Brigade. Brigade of Cavalry. the 7th Regiment. Reserve Forces in Florida.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS
No. 5 FLORIDA
J. Patton Anderson, Active Division ( 'ommander in the West.
Martin L. Smith, One of the Francis A. Shaup, Chief of William S. Walker Commanded Theodore W. Brevard, Colonel Defenders of Vicksburg. Artillery, Army of Tennessee. a South Carolina Brigade. of the llth Regiment.
Armg of
THE JOINING of the Army of Kentucky with the Army of the Mississippi, on November 20, 1862, was the origin of the Army of Tennessee — the great Confederate army of the West. There were three corps and a division of cavalry, with an ef fective total of forty-seven thousand. General Braxton Bragg was in command. This army fought the battle of Stone's River, went through the Tullahoma campaign, and fought the battle of Chickamauga, assisted by Longstreet's Corps from the Army of Northern Virginia. It was driven from Chattanooga in November, 1863, by Grant's forces. After the battle of Chickamauga, the corps were reorganized several times. Bragg was removed from the command on December 2, 1863, and until General Johnston assumed it, on December 27th, both Hardee and Polk were in tem porary command. Polk was sent to the Depart ment of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana before the end of December. The army spent the winter around Dalton, Georgia, and faced Sher man's advance in May, 1864, in two infantry and one cavalry corps. Polk brought back his divi sions, which he called the Army of Mississippi, and these forces were consolidated with the Army of Tennessee on July 26th, after Polk had been killed. On July 18th, Johnston was replaced by General John B. Hood. After the capture of Atlanta, the army returned to Tennessee, and, failing to cut off Major-General Schofield's command at Frank lin, was routed by Major-General Thomas at Nashville (December 15-16, 1864). In February, 1865, General Johnston was again placed in com mand of the Army of Tennessee, as well as the troops in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The army had greatly dwindled. Lieutenant-Gen- eral A. P. Stewart was at the actual head of the Army of Tennessee after March 16th, and Johns ton's enlarged command included troops from the far South under Hardee, which, in February, had been organized in a corps, and those in North Car olina under Bragg. The aggregate present of the old Army of Tennessee was about twenty thou sand. The army surrendered to Sherman in North Carolina, April 26, 1865.
GENERAL, BRAXTON BRAGG (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Warren County, North Carolina, March 22, 1817, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars. He resigned from the army in 1859, and became an extensive planter in Louis iana. On the secession of Louisiana, he was made
a brigadier-general in the Confederate provi sional army, and was the first commander of the military forces of Louisiana. After being ap pointed major-general in September, he took com mand of the forces in Alabama and West Florida from October, 1861, to February, 1862. He com manded the right wing of the Army of the Missis sippi at Shiloh, and was made general after the death of Albert Sidney Johnston. He succeeded Beauregard as commander of the Army of the Mis sissippi (or Tennessee), and led it into Kentucky in September, 1862, and after his retreat therefrom, was defeated by Rosecrans at Stone's River (Jan uary, 1863). He in turn defeated Rosecrans at Chickamauga, but was driven from Chattanooga by Grant in November, 1863. Bragg was now re lieved of the Army of Tennessee, and, later, was given control of the Confederate army's military operations at Richmond. As commander of the Department of North Carolina, he failed in at tempts to check Sherman and prevent the fall of Wilmington. After February, 1865, he cooperated with Johnston and surrendered with the latter. Later on, he was state engineer of Alabama, and died in Galveston, Texas, September 27, 1876.
GENERAL JOHN BELL HOOD (U.S.M.A. 1853) was born in Owingsvillc, Kentucky, June 1, 1831. and fought against the Comanche Indians in Tex as. He resigned from the army in April, 1861, to enter the Confederate service. After serving as captain in the cavalry and colonel of a Texas regi ment, he received the appointment of brigadier- general in March, 1862. He was made major-gen eral in October, 1862, after taking a conspicuous part in the Virginia campaigns. At Gettysburg, he commanded the largest division in Longstreet's Corps. In September, he went to Tennessee with Longstreet's Corps, which he commanded at Chickamauga, where he lost a leg. After the battle, he was given the rank of lieutenant- general, and at the head of the Second Corps in the Army of Tennessee, took part in the Atlanta campaign from May to July 18, 1864, when he succeeded Johnston in the command of the army with the temporary rank of gen eral. He lost Atlanta, and, returning to Tennes see, was driven into Alabama by Major-General Thomas in the middle of December. In January, 1865, he was relieved of his command and was ordered to Richmond. After the war, he went to New Orleans, where he died, August 30, 1879.
[262]
Howell Cobb, Leader of Cobb's G. T. Anderson Commanded a David E. Twiggs, in Command Pierce M. B. Young, Brilliant Georgia Legion. Brigade in Longstreet's Corps. in East Louisiana in 1861. Cavalry Leader.
Goode Bryan Led a Georgia Brigade in Longstreet's Corps.
Hugh W. Mercer Led a Geor gia Brigade in the Army of Tennessee.
David R. Jones, Active Leader at Second Ma- nassas and Sharpsburg.
William M. Brown, Defender
of Savannah, December,
1864.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 6 GEORGIA
Clement A. Evans, Leader in the Army of Northern Virginia.
Robert Toombs, Defender of Lee's Right Flank at Antietam.
(Eorps — Army of
tt ani of
MAJOR-GENERAL, LEONIDAS POLK commanded from June, 1861, to March, 1862, the First Division in the Western Department (No. 2), the troops of which were scattered along the Missis sippi from Columbus, Kentucky, to Memphis, and in the interior of Tennessee and Mississippi. It numbered about twenty-five thousand men. On the organization of the Army of the Mississippi in March, 1862, this division was called the First Grand Division, and after the consolidation witli the Central Army of Kentucky, on March 29th, the First Corps, Army of the Mississippi. On August 15th, Folk's Corps was reorganized as the Right Wing in ten divisions, with over fifteen thousand present for duty. In the Army of Tennessee, the Right Wing became the First, or Folk's Corps. After the battle of Chickamauga, Polk was relieved of the command, and both corps of the army un derwent reorganization. The leading corps was thereafter known as Hardee's, or Cheatharn's Corps, from the names of its commanders.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL LEONIDAS POLK (U.S. M.A. 1827) was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, April 10, 1806. He left the army for the church, and eventually became the first Protestant Episco pal Bishop of Louisiana, in 1841. In 1861, he entered the Confederate army and was made ma jor-general in June. He was assigned to the com mand of the Western Department (No. 2) ; and in September he was replaced by General A. S. Johns ton and given the First Division, Army of the Mis sissippi, with which he won the battle of Belmont in November. He led the First Corps at Shiloh, and later had temporary command of the army itself. In October, 1862, he was given the rank of lieuten ant-general, and accompanied the Western Con federate army until after Chickamauga, where he commanded the Right Wing when he was tempo rarily suspended, but the charge of delay on his part was dismissed by President Davis. In the winter of 1863—64, he was in command of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana, and brought his forces, which he called the Army of Mississippi, to Georgia in May, 1864, to assist Johnston in opposing Sherman's ad vance to Atlanta. On Pine Mountain, near Mar ietta, Georgia, he was killed by a cannon-ball, June 14, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CHEATH- AM was born in Nashville, Tennessee, October 20, 1820. He entered the Mexican War, rising to the
rank of colonel after distinguished service at Mon terey and elsewhere. At the close of this war he became major-general of the Tennessee militia, and when the Civil War broke out he attached him self to the Confederate cause and organized the entire supply department for the Western troops. As brigadier-general, he served under Polk at Bel mont, and had a division of the First Corps, Army of the Mississippi, at Shiloh, and was commander of the Right Wing of the same army during Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in 1862. He led his division at Stone's River, through the Tullahoma cam paign, and at Chickamauga, and after that battle was head of Cheatham's Corps, an organization formed upon the departure of Polk from the army, and of which Hardee shortly afterward took com mand. In the Atlanta campaign he led a division in Hardee's Corps, and assumed command of the corps, which later was known as Cheatham's Corps, after the departure of Hardee for Savannah in Oc tober, 1864, with which he continued until the sur render at Durham Station. After the Avar he be came a farmer in Tennessee, and was appointed postmaster of Nashville in 1885. He died there September 4, 1886.
MAJOR-GENERAL PATRICK ROMAYNE CLEBITRNE was born in County Cork, Ireland, March 17, 1828 He ran away from Trinity College, Dublin, and enlisted in the Forty-first Foot. In 1855 he came to America, settling in Helena, Arkansas, where he practised law until the opening of the war. He entered the Confederate service as private, and rose to the rank of major-general, in 1862. He planned the capture of the United States arsenal in Arkansas, March, 1861. He was colonel of an Arkansas regiment, and at Shi loh, as brigadier-general, he commanded a brigade in the Third Corps, Army of the Mississippi. He was wounded at Perryville. At Murfrecsboro and Chickamauga he commanded a division, and his troops formed the rear guard at Missionary Ridge. For his defense of Ringgold Gap, in the Atlanta campaign, he received the thanks of the Confeder ate Congress. Cleburne covered Hood's retreat at Jonesboro, and had temporary command of Har dee's Corps. He continued to hold his division in Cheatham's Corps, and at the battle of Franklin was killed, November 30, 1864. A brilliant charge at Chickamauga earned him the title of " Stone wall of the West," and it was he who initiated the Order of the Southern Cross and was among the first to urge the advantages to the Confeder ates of colored troops.
[264]
PHILIP COOK WILLIAM M. GARDNER JOHN K. JACKSON CLAUDIUS C. WILSON
Leader in Gordon's Attack Commander of the Post of Commanded a Reserve Corps Led a Brigade in the Richmond, Va., in 1865. Army of the Mississippi. Army of Tennessee.
on Fort Stedman.
ISAAC M. ST. JOHN
Commissary General,
1865,
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS No. 7— GEORGIA
(CONTINUED)
BRYAN* M. THOMAS Led a Brigade of Alabamians.
G. MOXLEY SORRELL DUDLEY M. DlJBOIS
Staff Officer with Longstreet. Led a Brigade in Longstreet's Corps.
MAHCELLUS A. STOVALL, Lucius J. G/RTRELL HKNHY C. W\YNE Led a Brigade in Led a Brigade in Adjutant-General and
Hood's Corps. Georgia Reserves. Inspector-General of
Georgia.
ALFRED CUMMIXO JAMES P. SIMMS WILLIAM R. BOOGS
Led a Brigade of Led aGeorgiR Brigade in Chief of Staff to Gen. Georgians in the West. Longstreet's Corps. E. Kirby Smith.
OInrpa — Army 0f
MAJOR-GENERAL BRAXTON BRAGG was given command of the Second Corps of the Army of the Mississippi on its organization, March 29, 1862. There were ten divisions, composed chiefly of Ala bama, Mississippi, and Louisiana troops. In July, Major-General Samuel Jones had command, and on August 15th, when General Bragg resumed command of the whole army, his former corps passed to the control of Major-General Hardee. There was an aggregate present of about sixteen thousand men. On November 7th, the Left Wing, in an organization that had a short existence after August 15th, again became the Second (or Hardee's) Corps. In July, 1863, Lieutenant-Gen- eral Hardee was relieved by Lieutenant-General D. H. Hill, who commanded at Chickamauga, and the later commanders were Major-Generals J. C. Breckinridge, T. C. Hindman, Lieutenant-Gener al J. B. Hood, Major-General C. L. Stevenson and Lieutenant-General S. D. Lee. After 1864, the corps was known as Hood's, or Lee's Corps, Har dee having assumed command of the other corps.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL WILLIAM JOSEPH HAR DEE (U.S. M. A. 1838) was born in Savannah, Geor gia, October 10, 1815, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars. He resigned his commission of lieutenant-colonel in January, 1861, to join the Confederate forces, in which he was appointed a brigadier-general in June. He was given command of Fort Morgan, Mobile Bay, in March, and later, as major-general, was transferred to the Central Army of Kentucky, of which he had command from December, 1861, to February, 1862. He was given the Second Corps in the Army of the Mis sissippi and led the advance at Shiloh. He took part with this army as corps or wing commander in Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, at Stone's River, and at Chattanooga, having been made lieutenant- general in October, 1862. In the summer of 1863 he had charge of the defenses of Mississippi and Alabama. He had temporary command of the Army of Tennessee after Bragg wras removed in December, 1863. He had a corps during the At lanta campaign, and in October, 1864, he was placed in command of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. He wras unable to prevent the capture of Savannah, and, in February, 1865, joined Johnston, serving in the Army of Tennessee, at the head of a corps formed from the troops in his department, until its surrender. Af ter the war, he lived at Selrna, Alabama, and died at Wytheville, Virginia, November 6, 1873.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL DANIEL HARVEY HILL (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born at Hill's Iron Works, York District, South Carolina, July 12, 1821. He resigned from the army after the Mexican War, in which he had received the brevet of major, and was engaged in teaching until he en tered the Confederate army, in 1861. As colonel of the First North Carolina Infantry, he showed marked talent at Big Bethel, June 10th, and was made brigadier-general the following month. As major-general, he had a division and later a com mand, or corps, in the Army of Northern Virginia, and fought through the Peninsula campaign. He was assigned to the Department of North Carolina in July, but fought with his division at South Mountain, where he held the Federal forces in check, and at Antietam. In July, 1863, he was made lieutenant-general, and replaced Lieutenant- General Hardee in command of the Second Corps, Army of Tennessee, which he led at Chickamauga, and of which he was relieved in November. Witli the rank of major-general, he took command of a division in Lee's Corps, Army of Tennessee, in March, 1865, and at the battle of Bentonville he led the corps itself. After the war, he became an editor, and from 1877 to 1884 was president of the Arkansas Industrial University. He died at Charlotte, North Carolina, September 25, 1889.
MAJOR-GENERAL CARTER LITTLEPAGE STEVEN SON (U.S.M.A. 1838) was born near Fredericks- burg, Virginia, September 21, 1817. He was dismissed from the army in June, 1861, having en tered the Confederate service as lieutenant-colonel. He did duty at Cumberland Gap, from which he drove Brigadier-General G. W. Morgan away, and commanded a division in the Army of Tennessee. He rose to the rank of major-general in October, 1862. His division was with Pcmberton's forces in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 26, 1862. He fought at Chickamauga and in the At lanta campaign onward with the Army of Tennes see, having on July, 1864, temporary command of Hood's Corps, before the appointment of Lieuten ant-General S. D. Lee. He also assumed command of Lee's Corps, when the latter was wounded after the battle of Nashville, until the army had crossed the Tennessee. He died August 15, 1888.
MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS CARMICHAEL HIND- MAN was born in Tennessee, November, 1818. He became a lawyer and served in Congress. He fought in the Mexican War, and in I860 was a
[266]
INDIAN TERRITORY
(ONE TO RIGHT)
KENTUCKY
( FIVE REMAINING )
John S. Williams Commanded a Cavalry Brigade.
Thomas H. Taylor Led a William Preston Led a Division
Brigade in the Army of at the Battle of
Tennessee. Chickamauga.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 8
Stand Watie, Indian Leader of Troops at Pea Ridge.
James M. Hawes Com manded a Brigade West of the Mississippi.
Humphrey Marshall, Confederate Defender of Kentucky.
r.'3 (E-atralrg <£0rp0 — Army of
member of the Charleston Convention. He went to the Civil War as colonel of an Arkansas regi ment, and served in the armies of the West and of the Mississippi. For his conduct at Shiloh he was made major-general. He was, at different times, division commander in the Army of Tennessee, and a temporary commander of the Second Corps, and was also at the head of the Trans-Mississippi Dis trict and that of Arkansas. He was defeated at Prairie Grove and at Newtonia. After the war, he went to Mexico, but returned to Arkansas and was murdered by one of his former soldiers at Helena, September 28, 1868.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL STEPHEN DILL LEE (U. S.M.A. 1854) was born in Charleston, South Car olina, September 22, 1833. He resigned from the army in February, 1861, to enter the Confederate service as captain in the artillery, and rose to the rank of lieutenant-general June, 1864. He was one of the three men who called on Major An derson, April 12, 1861, and demanded the surren der of Fort Sumter. He had a battalion in the Washington Artillery, and was prominent at Sec ond Bull Run and at Antietam. He was then sent
to the West and commanded a division at the bat tle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 27, 1862, driv ing back the Federal troops with great slaughter. He was among those who surrendered at Vicksburg, •July 4, 1863, and in August was put at the head of the cavalry in the Department of Alabama, Mis sissippi, and East Louisiana, and fought at Tu pelo and other places. In May, 1864, he suc ceeded Lieutenant-Gcneral Polk at the head of this department, remaining there until July, when he was assigned to the command of Hood's Corps, Army of Tennessee, General Hood having been placed at the head of the whole army. Henceforth it was known as Lee's Corps. He was wounded December 17, 1864, while protecting the rear of the army in the retreat from Nashville. After the war he became a planter in Mississippi ; a member of the State legislature; and in 1880 he became president of the Mississippi Agricultural and Me chanical College. He was also at the head of the Vicksburg National Park, and was commandcr-in- cliief of the United Confederate Veterans, after the death of Lieutenant-General John B. Gordon, in 1904. He died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 28, 1908.
'a Qlmmlnj QI0rps — Army 0f
ON JANUARY 22, 1863, Major-General Joseph Wheeler was assigned to command all the cavalry in Middle Tennessee. On March 16th, the cavalry divisions in the Army of Tennessee were desig nated as corps, and were given the names of their respective commanders, Wheeler and Van Dorn. The corps were organized into divisions and bri gades, and Wheeler's Corps, sometimes known as the Second Corps, had an aggregate present of nearly twelve thousand. It displayed great activ ity in Tennessee, making numerous raids and guarding the flanks of the army. After the battle of Chickamauga, it made a famous raid on Rose- crans' communications, October, 1863. It also operated on the flanks of the army during the At lanta and other campaigns until the close of the war.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOSEPH WHEELER (U. S.M.A. 1859) was born in Augusta, Georgia, Sep tember 10, 1836, and entered the mounted in fantry, resigning, in 1861, to join the Confederate army, in which he reached the rank of major-gen eral (January, 1863), and commander of the Sec
ond Cavalry Corps, Army of Tennessee. He was conspicuous as a raider, and was constantly cm- ployed in guarding the flanks of the army, cutting the Federal communications, covering retreats, and obtaining information for the army commanders. He was appointed lieutenant-general, February 28, 1865. After the war, he was a member of Congress from 1881 to 1899. He was commissioned major- general of volunteers in 1898, and went to tin- Spanish War, commanding the troops at Las Guasimas, and was senior field-officer at the battle of San Juan Hill. He was senior member of the commission which negotiated the surrender of San tiago. He served with the American troops dur ing the insurrection in the Philippines from Au gust, 1899, to January 24, 1900, and on June 13, 1900, was appointed brigadier-general of the United States army, being retired the following September. He died in Brooklyn, New York, January 25, 1906. General Wheeler made a unique reputation for himself as a cavalry leader, and in the Spanish war his services won universal acknowledgment as typical of the complete re union of the North and South.
[268]
(leorge B. Oosby Led a Brigade in Abraham Buford, Active Leader Mississippi and Louisiana. of Cavalry.
Adam R. Johnson Led a Brigade of Morgan's Cavalry.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS— No. 9— KENTUCKY (CONTINUED)
Ilyland B. Lyon Led a Brigade of Cavalry in Forrest's Division.
Joseph H. Lewis Led a Brigade in the Army of Tennessee.
George B. Hodge Commanded a Brigade of Cavalry.
Hmt inrn'0 Qkualry (Eorps — Armg 0f
ON MARCH 16, 1863, Major-Gcncral Van Dom's Cavalry Division in the Army of Tennessee was called Van Dora's, or the First Cavalry Corps.
Armg nf
WHEN Major-General John C. Breckinridge as sumed command of the forces around Murfrees- boro on October 28, 1862, they were denominated the Army of Middle Tennessee. There were three brigades, with cavalry under Brigadier-General Forrest, who was shortly relieved by Brigadier- General Wheeler. When Bragg advanced from Chattanooga to oppose Rosecrans, the Army of Middle Tennessee became identified with a division of Hardee's Corps, Army of Tennessee.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN CABELL BRECKINRIDGE was born near Lexington, Kentucky, January 21, 1821, and became a lawyer. He served as major in the Mexican War. From 1857 to 1861, he was vice-president of the United States. In I860, he was a candidate for the presidency, receiving the electoral votes of the Southern States, with the ex ception of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mis souri. He was sent to the Senate, but left that body to join the Confederates. He was made
It had an average aggregate present of about eight thousand, and was a valuable adjunct to General Bragg's army.
brigadier-general in November, 1861, and major- general in April, 1862, after the battle of Shiloh. He had a command under General A. S. Johnston in the Central Army of Kentucky, and Army of the Mississippi, and led the reserve corps at Shiloh. After the siege of Corinth he took his force to Louisiana, and fought the battle of Baton Rouge, August 6, 1862. Later, he headed the Department and Army of Middle Tennessee. Rejoining the Army of Tennessee at the end of 1862, he fought at Stone's River, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga, at the head of a division in Hardee's Corps, and was its temporary commander for a period before the battle of Chattanooga. He was brought East after the opening of the Wilderness campaign, fought at Cold Harbor, and was second in com mand under Early in the Shenandoah. From Feb ruary 6, 1865, to the downfall of the Confederacy, he was Secretary of War. He then went to Europe, but returned in 1868, and resumed the practice of law. He died in Lexington, Kentucky, May 17, 1875.
(Strarfc
ON JUNE 12, 1861, Governor C. F. Jackson of Missouri, in defiance of the United States military government, issued a call for fifty thousand of the State militia for active service. At the time of the flight of the governor and his followers to the extreme southwestern corner of the State, he was
joined by Price. At that time, the whole Confed erate State force amounted to about three thou sand men. This Missouri State Guard was in com mand of Brigadier-Generals Sterling Price and M. M. Parsons from October 29, 1861, to March 17, 1862, when it merged in the Army of the West.
Armg 0f
MAJOR-GENERAL EARL VAN DORN assumed command of the troops in the Trans-Mississippi District of Western Department (No. 2), on Jan uary 29, 1862. Out of the force grew the Army of the West, so called after March 4th. It was largely composed of the Missouri State Guard. This army fought at Pea Ridge and elsewhere in Arkansas, and, being transferred across the Mis sissippi, was present at the siege of Corinth. The
First Division was commanded by Major-General Sterling Price after March 22d, and the Second by Major-General Samuel Jones. It had three divisions after May, and a strength of over twenty thousand. On June 20th, Van Dorn was replaced by Major-General John P. McCown, who had com manded the Third Division, and he in turn by Major-General Price, on July 3d. The transfer of the Army of the Mississippi to Chattanooga at
[270]
Paul O. Hebert Com manded the Army of Louisiana Defend ing New Orleans.
Louis Hebert, Active Thomas M. Scott, Orig- Commander in the inally Colonel of the
Southwest. 12th Regiment.
Franklin Gardner, Defender of Port Hudson against Banks in 1863.
CONFED ERATE GENERALS
No. 10 LOUISI ANA
James P. Major Led a
Cavalry Brigade in
Louisiana.
Edward Higgins, Con spicuous ?t New Orleans in 1862.
Henry H. Sibley, Con spicuous Leader in New Mexico.
\
Albert G. Blanchard Led a Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia.
Zebulon York Commanded a Brigade.
Allan Thomas Led a Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia.
Army nf
— Army
the end of July, left the Army of the West in con trol of western Tennessee, and northern Missis sippi. One division of the army fought the battle of luka, September l()th. On' September 28th, a junction was made with Van Dora's new command of troops in Mississippi, and the new organization was denominated the Army of West Tennessee. To Price was assigned a corps, which continued to be called, sometimes, the Army of the West.
MAJOR-GENERAL KARL VAN DORN (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born near Port Gibson, Mississippi, September 17, 1820, and served in the Mexican War and in several Indian campaigns. He re signed from the army, and was commissioned a colonel in the Confederate States army in March, 1861. His first commands were at New Orleans, and in the Department of Texas, where he forced the surrender of United States troops under Major Sibley and Colonel Reeve. He was made brigadier- general in June and major-general in September. In October and November, 1861, he commanded a division in the Army of the Potomac, and was as signed, in January, 1862, to the Trans-Mississippi District (Department No. 2), in which he had command of the Army of the West. He was de feated at Pea Ridge in March, and, with the Army of West Tennessee, at Corinth in October. After Pemberton assumed control of this force in the department in which Van Dorn was operating, he continued to command a cavalry division, at the
head of which he made a brilliant raid in Missis sippi in December, 1862. In March, 1863, Van Dora's cavalry division was designated a corps in the Army of Tennessee. On May 8, 1863, lie- was shot and killed by Doctor Peters, at Spring Hill, Tennessee, the result of a private quarrel.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN POUTER McCowN (U. S.M.A. 18-10) was born in Tennessee, in 1815, and served in the Mexican war, being brevetted captain for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo. He resigned from the service in May, 1861, and entered the Confederate army, taking charge of the ar tillery in the provisional army of the State of Ten nessee. As brigadier-general, he commanded a di vision of Folk's army at the battle of Belmont, November 7, 1861. After commanding at New- Madrid, he had a division in the Army of the West, and was temporarily at the head of that force in June, 1862. He was placed in command of the Department of East Tennessee in Septem ber. Subsequently, he commanded a division of the Army of Kentucky, which fought with the Second Corps, Army of Tennessee, at the battle of Stone's River. In February, 1863, lie was ar rested on charges of conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline and sent to Chatta nooga, but was released. At the end of the war he fought with the Army of Tennessee in North Carolina. He died, January 22, 1879.
Army nf Ibsi
Armg nf iltestam
MAJOR-GENERA i. VAN DORN was transferred June 20, 1862, from the Army of the West to the Department of Southern Mississippi and East Louisiana. His troops occupied Vicksburg, and a force from the Reserve Corps of the Army of the Mississippi, under Major-General Breckinridgc, fought the battle of Baton Rouge, August 6th. On September 28th, Van Dora's troops joined the Army of the West to oppose Rosecrans' activities in northern Mississippi, and the combined force was denominated the Army of West Tennessee, with Van Dorn at the head. It fought the battle of Corinth (October 4th), and on December 7th its name was changed to the Army of Mississippi. It consisted of two corps, headed by Van Dorn and Price, the chief control having passed to Lieu- tenant-General John C. Pemberton, at the head of the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana. Van Dorn, with his cavalry, made a famous raid in
northern Mississippi in December, capturing the Federal supply depot at Holly Springs. In Jan uary, 1863, the corps were changed into divisions. The title, Army of Mississippi, ceased to be used shortly after this date. The chief force under Pemberton surrendered at Vicksburg. Meanwhile, Van Dorn had been killed in Tennessee, May 8, 1863, and Price had been ordered to the Trans- Mississippi Department, February 27, 1863.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL JOHN CLIFFORD PKM- BERTON (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Philadel phia, August 10, 1814, and served in the Seminole and Mexican wars, making a noteworthy record in the artillery service. He entered the Confederate army in April, 1861, as major and chief of the Virginia artillery, being made brigadier-general in June. In November, 1861, he was transferred to South Carolina, and appointed major-general in
[272]
Johnson K. Duncan Commanded the River Defenses below New Orleans.
Randall L. Gibson, Active leader in many Western Battles.
William R. Peck Commanded 9th Louis iana; Led a Charge at Appomattox.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS— No. 11
LOUISIANA AND
MARYLAND
(Two Below.)
Daniel W. Adams, Noted Commander in the Southwest.
St. John Lidell Led a Brigade in the Army of the Mississippi.
Mansfield Lovell, Defender of the William W. Mac-kail, Chief of Staff, Lower Mississippi in 1862. Army of Tennessee.
Armg — Sfoma-fltaBtHBtppt Armg
January, 1862, when his command was enlarged to include Georgia and East Florida. In October, he was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general and sent to the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, where he took chief command of all the troops therein, including the Army of West Tennessee (or Mississippi) under Van Dorn and Price. He surrendered Vicksburg to Major-Gen-
eral Grant, July 4, 1863, and after exchange re signed his commission on account of criticism re sulting from the surrender. In May, 1864, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he was given com mand of the artillery defenses at Richmond where he served until the close of the war. He became a farmer in Virginia, and died in Pcnllyn, Pennsyl vania, July 13, 1881.
Armg — ©rans-ilitHatastppt Army
THE FORCES in the Department of West Louisi ana and Texas were constituted the Southwestern Army, January 14, 1863, and the command was given to Lieutenant-General E. Kirby Smith. On February 9th, the command was enlarged so as to embrace the whole Trans-Mississippi Department, which, on May 26, 1862, had been separated from the Western Department (Department No. 2). Major-General T. H. Holmes had previously commanded in the Trans-Mississippi. Smith had about thirty thousand men, widely scattered from Fort Smith, Arkansas, to the Rio Grande. Major- General Holmes was defeated at Helena, July 4, 1863. The various portions of the army were con stantly occupied in small engagements. These forces opposed the Federal Red River expedition in 1864. At the latest returns, in 1865, the ag gregate present of the force was about forty-three thousand. They were the last Confederate troops to surrender, May 26, 1865.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THEOPHILUS HUNTER HOLMES (U.S.M.A. 1829) was born in Sampson County, North Carolina, in 1804, and fought in the Florida and Mexican wars. He resigned his commission of major in April, 1861, and entered the Confederate service, rising to the rank of lieu tenant-general on October 10, 1862. On account of his age he saw little active service, but wras placed at the head of various districts and depart ments throughout the Confederacy. On July 4,
1863, while in command of the District of Arkan sas, Trans-Mississippi Department, he led an un successful attack on Helena. He died in Fayette- ville, North Carolina, June 20, 1880.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL RICHARD TAYLOR, son of Zachary Taylor, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, January 27, 1826. He was a Yale graduate and went to the Mexican War with Gen eral Taylor. He joined the Confederate army in 1861, serving first as colonel of the Ninth Louisi ana Volunteers in the Army of the Potomac. He was promoted to brigadier-general in October, and served under " Stonewall " Jackson in the Shenan- doah valley and in the Peninsula campaign. He was made major-general in July, 1862, and the following month was assigned to the command of the District of West Louisiana (Trans-Missis sippi Department), where he remained until June,
1864. It was hoped that he would recover New Orleans. He occupied the Teche country during the winter of 1862—63. In the following spring and summer he fought against Weitzel and cap tured Brashear City. He readied the west bank of the Mississippi near New Orleans in July, but was driven back by Weitzel and Franklin. The following year he was instrumental in defeating the Red River expedition. In September, 1864, he was sent to command the Department of Ala bama, Mississippi and East Louisiana, and sur rendered to Major-General Canby, May 4, 1865. He died in New York City, April 12, 1879.
Army 0f Ul
IN AUGUST, 1864, General E. Kirby Smith erate army. Price's force, consisting of the divi-
ordered Major-General Sterling Price to move into Missouri. It was expected that the various independent bands could be organized and bring at least twenty thousand recruits into the Confed-
sions of Fagan, Marmaduke, and Shelby, amounted to nearly twelve thousand men, and is variously called the Army of the Missouri, Price's Expedi tionary Corps, and the Army in the Field. After a
[274]
John W. Frazer Commanded Samuel J. Gholson Com- William F. Tucker Led a Benjamin G. Humphries Led a Brigade. manded a Brigade. Brigade under Hood. a Brigade in Virginia.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 12 MISSISSIPPI
AVilliam E. Baldwin, Commander of a Brigade at Mobile.
Jacob II. Sharp Led a Brigade in General Folk's Corps.
Claudius W. Sears, Originally Kobert Lowry, Commander William F. Brantly Command- Douglas H. Cooper, Leader Colonel of the 46th Regt. of a Brigade. ed a Brigade in Tennessee. of Indian Troops.
very active campaign, Price was driven into Arkan sas at the end of November by Major-Generals Rosecrans and Pleasanton, and the Army of the Missouri again became identified with the forces in the Trans-Mississippi Department.
MAJOR-GENERAL STERLING PRICE was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, September 14, 1809. He settled in Missouri in 1830, and was a member of Congress in 1845, when he went to the Mexican War, in which he was made brigadier- general of volunteers. From 1853 to 1857, he was governor of the State, and president of the State Convention of 1853. He was made major-general of the Missouri militia in May, and assumed com
mand of the Missouri State Guard, July 30, 1861. As major-general of the Confederate Army he commanded the Army of the West from July 2 to September 28, 1862, and later a corps of Van Dorn's Army of Mississippi. In February, 1863, he was ordered to the Trans-Mississippi Depart ment, where he held various commands in Arkan sas and elsewhere. His most noteworthy effort was the expedition into Missouri, August-Decem ber, 1864, in an attempt to gather a large number of recruits from the independent bands in that State. But Rosecrans drove him back to Arkan sas. After the war he became interested in a colo nization scheme in Mexico, but returned to the United States in 1866, and died in St. Louis, Sep tember 29, 1867.
Armjj nf
IN DECEMBER, 1863, Lieutenant-General Leoni- das Polk, succeeding Pemberton, was put in com mand of the force of the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and Fast Louisiana. It had two divi sions of cavalry and a strength of about twenty thousand. This is the force that contended with Major-General Sherman in Mississippi during the winter of 1864. In May, Polk joined the Army of Tennessee to oppose Sherman's advance to At lanta, and he then denominated his troops the Army of Mississippi. Polk was killed on Pine Mountain, Georgia, June 14th, and was succeeded by Lieutenant-General A. P. Stewart. On July 26th, the Army of Mississippi was joined to the Army of Tennessee as Stewart's Corps.
LIEUTENANT - GENERAL ALEXANDER PETER STEWART (U.S.M.A. 1842) was born in Rogers- ville, Tennessee, October 12, 1821. He resigned from the army in 1845. He entered the Confeder ate service from Tennessee, rising to the rank of lieutenant-general in June, 1864, which rank was confirmed the following year. He had a brigade in Folk's command in the Western Department, and later a division in the Army of Tennessee. He was
wounded at Ezra Church in the Atlanta campaign, and after Folk's death, he succeeded to the com mand of the Army of Mississippi, which later be came a corps of the Army of Tennessee. On March 16, 1865, he was assigned to the command of the infantry and artillery in that army. He died at Biloxi, Mississippi, August 30, 1908.
MAJOR-GENERAL EDWARD GARY WALTHALL was born in Richmond, Virginia, April 4, 1831. He became a lawyer, practising in Coffeyvillc, Mississippi. He entered the Confederate service, in 1861, as lieutenant of the Fifteenth Mississippi Infantry, and in December, 1862, became briga dier-general, and major-general in June, 1864. He fought gallantly at Missionary Ridge and covered Hood's retreat at Nashville, where he prevented the capture of the Army of Tennessee by Thomas. In March, 1865, he had command of Stewart's Corps, Army of Tennessee, until the re organization of April 9th, when he returned to the head of his division. After the war he became United States senator from Mississippi. He died in Washington, April 21, 1898.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM DORSEY PKNDER (U. federate service as colonel of the Sixth North Car- S.M.A. 1854) was born in Edgecombe County, olina Infantry. In June, 1862, he became brig- North Carolina, February 6, 1834. He resigned adier-general and was made major-general in May, from the army in March, 1861, to enter the Con- 1863. He was brigade and division commander in
[276]
Mark B. Lowrey Led a Edward Cary \Valthall, Charles Clark Corn- Brigade in Cleburne's Conspicuous at Frank- manded a Division Division in the Army lin; Later United under General J. C. of Tennessee. States Senator. Breckinridge.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS- No. 13— MISSISSIPPI
Samuel G. French, Leader of the Assault on Alatoona Pass in 1864.
William L. Brandon Com manded a Cavalry Brigade.
Nathaniel H. Harris, Colonel of the 19th Regiment.
Peter B. Stark Led a Cavalry Brigade in Forrest's Corps.
Samuel W. Ferguson Com- George D. Johnston Led a Joseph R. Davis Led a Brigade \Virt Adams, a Conspicuous manded a Cavalry Brigade. Brigade under Bragg. in R. E. Lee's Army. Cavalry Commander.
ffiuttfr iterate
the Army of Northern Virginia, receiving his di vision on the organization of the Third Army Corps. He died in Staunton, Virginia, July 18, 1863, from wounds received upon the field of Gettysburg.
MAJOR-GENERAL STEPHEN DODSON RAMSETJR (U.S.M.A. 1860) was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, May 31, 1837, and was assigned to the artillery at Fort Monroe. He resigned in April, 1861, to enter the Confederate service. He was made major in the North Carolina State artillery. He was present at the siege of Yorktown, and was placed at the head of a North Carolina regiment in April. He was severely wounded at Malvern Hill, but returned to the army during the winter of 1862-63, having been made brigadier-general in October. He led a brigade with great ability in the Second Army Corps at Chancellorsville and at Gettysburg. In the latter battle he was prom inent in the capture of the town. The following year he was again wounded at Spotsylvania, and as major-general he succeeded to Early's division, when the latter was placed at the head of the Sec ond Army Corps. He went to the Shenandoah valley with Early, and after taking a prominent part in all the principal engagements, he was cap tured, mortally wounded, at Cedar Creek on Octo ber 19, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL, WILLIAM HENRY TALBOT WALKER (U.S.M.A. 1837) was born in Georgia in October, 1816. While serving in Florida he was thrice wounded in the battle of Okecchobee, December 25, 1837. He fought with great dis tinction in the Mexican War. Early in 1861, he joined the Confederate army, in which he rose to the rank of major-general in May, 1863. He had a brigade in the Second Corps, Army of the Mis sissippi, and later a command in the District of Georgia, under Beauregard. He was sent with a brigade to the assistance of Johnston in the lat- ter's attempt to keep Grant from Vicksburg, in May, 1863. In August, he was given a division in Hill's Corps, Army of Tennessee, and commanded the reserves at Chickamauga, after which he was in Hardee's Corps in the Chattanooga and Atlanta campaigns until he was killed at Decatur, near At lanta, July 22, 1864.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL NATHAN BEDFORD FOR REST was born near the site of Chapel Hill, Ten nessee, July 13, 1821, and became a slave-trader at Memphis. In the summer of 1861, he joined the Tennessee mounted rifles as private, and a
month later raised and equipped a force of Con federate cavalry. He escaped with his battalion from Fort Donelson, and by the middle of 1862 he had become brigadier-general and was one of the most important officers in the Confederate army. At the head of his independent cavalry or ganization, he was active during Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and remained there some time. He was with the Army of Tennessee at Chickamauga, and in November, 1863, was made major-general and assigned to the command of all the cavalry in western Tennessee and northern Mississippi. In March and April, 1864, he advanced from Missis sippi with a large force. He captured Union City with its garrison, and attacked Paducah, Ken tucky. He fought with Sooy Smith, and re treating to Fort Pillow, captured the garri son there, amid great slaughter on April 12th. He then returned to Mississippi and began to operate against Sherman's lines of communication. He defeated Sturgis, at Gun town, on June l()th, but was put to rout by A. J. Smith, at Tupelo, on July 14th. In January, 1865, he was placed in command of the District of Mississippi and East Louisiana, and on February 28th was made lieu tenant-general. He was defeated at Selma, Ala bama, by the Federal cavalry-leader, J. H. Wil son, and surrendered his forces with those of Lieu- tenant-Gcneral Richard Taylor in May. After the war he conducted several large plantations. He died in Memphis, Tennessee, October 29, 1877.
MAJOR-GENERAL DABNEY HERNDON MATRY (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Fredericksburg, Vir ginia, May 20, 1822, and served in the Mexican War with distinction. He taught at West Point, and served in the West, being assistant adjutant- general in New Mexico when the Civil War broke out. He was dismissed from the service in June, 1861, having enlisted as captain in the Con fed- ate cavalry. He served with the forces that later became the Army of the West, and after the battle of Pea Ridge was made brigadier-general. He had a division in the Army of the West, and commanded the whole force temporarily in June, 1862. As major-general, he had a division with Pemberton's forces in the battle with Sherman at Chickasaw Bayou, December 26, 1862. In 1863, he was placed at the head of the Department of East Ten nessee, and in 1864-65, he was in command of the Department of the Gulf, surrendering at Meridian, Mississippi, May 11, 1865. He was the founder of the Southern Historical Society, and from 1886 to 1889 was American minister to Colombia. He died in Pcoria, Illinois, January 11, 1900.
1278]
John 13. Chirk Coin- John G. Walker, a Dar- Joseph O. Shelby, Cav- M. M. Parsons Led a Joseph H. Cockrell, Dis mantled a Cavalry ing Leader in the airy Commander in Brigade in Price's tinguished in Missouri Brigade; Engaged Army of Northern Arkansas and Mis- Division; Defender Campaigns; Later at Pea Ridge. Virginia. souri Battles. of Red River. U. S. Senator.
CONFEDERATE
GENERALS— No. 14
MISSOURI
(ABOVE AND TO RIGHT) NORTH CAROLINA
(BELOW)
John S. Marmaduke, Leader Daniel M. Frost Led a Bri- John S. Bowen, Conspicuous of Cavalry West of the gade of State Guard at Port Gibson and
Mississippi. under General Price. Vicksburg in 1863.
James G. Martin Led a Robert Ransom, Jr., One of Richard C. Gatlm, Colonel Bryan Grimes Led a Di- Brigade Defending Rich- the Defenders of Marye's of a Corps of Infantry, vision in the Army of
mond in 1864-5. Heights in 1862. C. S. A., in 1861. Northern Virginia.
(Eottfrtontfe
BRIGADIER-GENERAL Jo FIX HVXT MORGAN was born in Huntsville, Alabama, June 1, 1826. He served in the Mexican War and joined the Con federate army in command of the Lexington Rifles, of Kentucky. He did scouting duty, and, as colonel, organized three cavalry companies known as Morgan's Squadron, which operated in Tennessee and Kentucky and fought at Shiloh. His invasion of Kentucky in July, 1862, prepared the way for Bragg. At Lexington, he routed a Union force and his frequent raids, especially the famous Christmas raid of 1862, were among the boldest Confederate exploits. His ability won him promotion to brigadier-general. In July, 1863, he made another raid into Kentucky. At Buffington Ford, about seven hundred of his men, hemmed in by Shackelton and Hobson, were forced to surrender, but Morgan escaped. At last he was captured by Shackelton at New Lisbon, July 26, 1863, but he and six fellow prisoners es caped from the Ohio State Penitentiary at Colum bus, on November 27th, and joined the Confeder ate army in northern Georgia. In April, 1864*, he was put at the head of the Department of Southwestern Virginia. Late in May, Morgan, with a few followers, went over into Kentucky, making a raid upon Lexington and dashing toward Frank fort, but Burbridge struck him a severe blow at Cynthiana, June 12th, and Morgan lost seven hun dred men and one thousand horses. The early part of September found him in Greenville. While there the town was surprised and surrounded by Gillem's troops, and in attempting to escape Mor gan was shot and killed September 4, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL LAFAYETTE McLAws (U.S. M.A. 1842) was born in Augusta, Georgia, Jan uary 15, 1821. In March, 1861, he resigned from the army to enter the Confederate service, in which he reached the rank of major-general in May, 1862. He commanded a division in Magruder's command, Army of Northern Virginia, through the Seven Days' battle, and was then transferred to Longstreet's command, being identified as di vision commander with the First Army Corps through the Maryland campaign of 1862, and all the succeeding campaigns of the Army of North ern Virginia (including Chancellorsville) until September, 1863, when he went West with Long- street and fought at Chickamauga and Knoxville. In May, 1864, he was sent to Georgia and South Carolina and being under Lieutenant-General Har- dee eventually had a division in Hardee's Corps, when in February, 1865, the latter united his forces with the Army of Tennessee. After the war he
was collector of internal revenue and postmaster at Savannah, where he died, July 24, 1897.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL FELIX KIRK ZOLLICOFFER wTas born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 19, 1812. He became a printer and editor, interrupt ing the pursuit of this calling to serve in the Scm- inole War. In 1841, he was made associate editor of the Nashville Banner, was State comptroller from 1844 to 1849, and continued his political career in the State senate. He was a member of Congress from 1853 to 1859, and also a delegate to the Peace Conference held at Washington,
1861. In May of that year he was appointed major-general of the provisional army of Tennes see, and in July, after commanding an instruc tion camp, was made brigadier-general of the Con federate army and assigned to the District of East Tennessee. His forces were defeated by Brigadier-General Schoepf at Camp Wildcat, Kentucky, October 21st, and in an encounter with Brigadier-General Thomas at Logan's Cross Roads, or Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19,
1862, he was killed.
MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY HETII (U.S. M.A. 1847) was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia, December 16, 1825. He rose to the rank of cap tain in the Tenth Infantry, from which he re signed, April 25, 1861, to enter the Confederate Army. He was made colonel of the Forty-fifth Virginia Infantry, June 17, 1861. He was com missioned brigadier-general, January 6, 1862, and major-general, May 24, 1863. After serving with his brigade in West Virginia under General Humphrey Marshall, and in the invasion of Ken tucky under General Bragg, where he commanded a division of infantry and a brigade of cavalry, he came East, and commanded a division in the Get tysburg campaign. He was also in various cam paigns with the Army of Northern Virginia, com manding a division in A. P. Hill's Third Army Corps. He surrendered at Appomattox, and died at Washington, D. C., September 26, 1899.
MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH B. KERSHAW was born at Camden, South Carolina, January 5, 1822. He was a member of the State Senate, 1852-57. He entered the Confederate service and was soon made colonel of the Second South Carolina regi ment, and on February 15, 1862, he was ap pointed a brigadier-general. In that capacity he served on the Peninsula and in the Seven Days' battle. He also fought at Antietam, Fred-
[ 280 ]
Alfred M. Scales Led a William P. Roberts Led John D. Barry, Colonel William MeRae Led n William R. Cox Led a North Carolina Bri- a Brigade of Cavalry of the 18th North North Carolina Bri- North Carolina Bri gade in Hill's Corps, in Virginia. Carolina Regiment. gade in Lee's Army. gadeinEwell's Corps.
CONFED ERATE GENERALS
No. 15
NORTH
CAROLINA
R. Leventhorpe, Defender of Fort Fisher.
Lawrence. S. Baker, Colonel of the 1st Cavalry.
Thomas F.Toon Led a North
Carolina Brigade in Lee's
Army.
John R. Cooke, Engaged in
Repelling Burnside at Fred-
erickshurg.
Rnfus Barringer Led a Bri gade of Cavalry in Vir ginia.
Thomas L. Clingman Led a
North Carolina Brigade in
Lee's Army.
ericksburg, and Gettysburg, and with General Longstreet's Corps. He was engaged at the bat tle of Chickamauga, commanding a brigade in McLaws' Division of the Left Wing. Return ing to the East he was prominent in the Wil derness campaign, and in the Shenandoah he was with Ewell's Corps at Sailors' Creek, when his command was captured on April 6, 1865, and he was released from Fort Warren, Mass., July 24, of the same year. He was elected President of the State Senate and later became a judge of the Circuit Court of South Carolina. General Ker- shaw died at Camden, South Carolina, April 13, 1894.
MAJOR-GENERAL, CHARLES WILLIAM FIELD (U.S.M.A. 1849) was born in Woodford County, Kentucky, in 1818. He served in the Second Dragoons until May, 1861, when he resigned to enter the Confederate service, and was appointed brigadier-general on March 14, 1862. On Feb ruary 12, 1864, he was appointed major-general. He served at Games' Mill, the Second Bull Run, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Drewry's Bluff, and in the campaign around Petersburg; being in command of Field's Division of the First Army Corps. General Field died in Washington, D. C., April 9, 1892.
MAJOR-GENERAL CADMUS MARCELLTJS WILCOX (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, May 29, 1826. He served, with distinguished bravery in the Mexican War and was brevetted for gallantry and meritorious con duct at Chapultepec, acting as assistant instructor at West Point (1852-57) and becoming a Cap tain in 1860. On June 8, 1861, he resigned to enter the Confederate service. He was made a brigadier-general October 21, 1861, and served at Seven Pines, the Second Bull Run, and in the Antietam campaign ; his name being associated with a brigade that achieved notable reputation during the war. It was composed of the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Alabama regiments and Thomas' Artillery, and was in Longstreet's division of the Army of Northern Virginia. It made a striking record in the Seven Days' battles, where it sustained a loss of 1055, or 57 per cent, of its entire number. Later this brigade was in General R. H. Anderson's division, to the com mand of which General Wilcox succeeded. He also participated at the battle of Gettysburg and served through a number of campaigns in the Army of Northern Virginia until the final surrender at Ap-
pomattox. He was appointed a major-general in 1863. From 1886 until his death, on December 2, 1890, he was chief of the Railroad Division of the General Land Office at Washington, D. C. He wrote a " History of the Mexican War," which is regarded as the standard military work on the subject.
MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT E. ROBES was born at Lynchburg, Virginia, March 29, 1829. He was graduated at the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington in 1848, and was a professor there un til appointed captain of the Mobile Cadets early in 1861. He was made colonel of the Fifth Ala bama and in October, 1861, was appointed brigadier-general. He served at the First Battle of Bull Run and at the battles of Seven Pines and Games' Mills, and distinguished himself in command of Rodes' Brigade, which was composed of Alabama troops in Hill's Division of Jackson's Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. On May 7, 1863, General Rodes was appointed major-gen eral and he commanded a division at Chancellors- ville and Gettysburg in Ewell's Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. He also par ticipated in the Wilderness campaign and in the operations in the Shenandoah valley, where he was killed in action at Winchester, September 19, 1864.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE EDWARD PICKKTT (U.S.M.A. 1846) was born at Richmond, Vir ginia, June 28, 1828. He served in the Mexican War, receiving the brevet of first lieutenant for gallant service at Contreras and Churubusco, and also the brevet of lieutenant for distinguished service at Chapultepec. He served with the regu lar army in the Territory of Washington, and at various posts in the West until June 25, 1861, when he resigned. He was appointed a colonel in the Confederate army, on July 23, and on January 14, 1862, he was appointed as brigadier- general. He served in command of a brigade in Longstreet's division of General Joseph E. John ston's Army, and on October 11 he was made major-general, commanding a division in the Army of Northern Virginia. General Pickett made a memorable charge against the Federal front at Cemetery Hill on the third day of Get tysburg, his division having reached the field on that day. In September, 1863, General Pickett commanded the Department of North Carolina and operated against Drewry's Bluff in the fol lowing year, after his return to Virginia. He was defeated at Lynchburg in an attempt to
[282]
James H. Trapier, Commander at Fort Benjamin Huger, Commander of a William H. Wallace, Originally Colonel Moultrie and Sullivan's Island. Division at Seven Pines. of the 18th Regiment.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 1.6
SOUTH CAROLINA
Milledge L. Bon ham Became Governor of South Carolina.
Thomas F. Drayton Commanded a Military District in South Carolina.
James Chestnut, Aide to Beauregard Johnson Hagood, Defender of Rich- Arthur M. Manigault, Colonel 10th at Fort Sumter. mond and Petersburg. Regiment.
(jfcnmifa
oppose Sheridan's cavalry in March, 1865, and also at Dinwiddie Court House and Five Forks. He surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia and at the conclusion of the war he settled in Rich mond, where he died in 1875.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM HENRY FITZHUGH LEE was born at Arlington, Virginia, May 31, 1837, the second son of General Robert E. Lee. For two years he served as second lieutenant with the Sixth U. S. Infantry, resigning in May, 1859. At the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Confederate Army in a Virginia cavalry regiment, was made a brigadier-general to rank from Sep tember 15, 1862, being promoted to major-gen eral, April 23, 1864. During the Peninsula cam paign General Lee, then colonel commanding the Ninth Virginia Cavalry, participated in Stuart's ride around McClellan's army. In the Chancellors- ville campaign General Lee was in command of a body of cavalry which fought with the Union Cav alry of General Stoneman under the immediate command of General Averell. General Lee's bri gade also participated in the Gettysburg cam paign, forming one of the six brigades commanded by Major-General J. E. B. Stuart. General Lee with his cavalry opposed the advances of Gen eral Sheridan in his Trevilian raid when Wilson was sent out to cut the Weldon and South Side Road : and at the Petersburg campaign his cavalry participated actively, making many valiant assaults on the Federal lines. Before the surrender of Ap- pomattox, General Lee with his cavalry aided Gen eral Gordon in keeping back the Union advances and protecting the wagon-trains of the Confeder ate army. He was paroled at Appornattox Court House, April 9, 1865, and died at Ravensworth, Fairfax County, Virginia, October 15, 1891.
MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON CITSTIS LEE (U.S.M.A. 1854) was born at Fortress Mon roe, Virginia, September 16, 1832, and was the eldest son of General Robert E. Lee. Upon grad uation from the United States Military Academy he joined the corps of engineers, in which he served until May 2, 1861, when he resigned to enter the Confederate Army. The greater part of his service was as aide to President Jefferson Davis. He was appointed major-general serving with the volun teer troops with temporary rank on February 7, 1865, the commission dating from October 20, 1864. On the same date he was also made full major-general. He was captured at Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865, and was paroled six days later, which parole was extended until April 23, 1865.
In addition to serving as aide to President Davis, General Lee was in command of military forces in the city of Richmond. In the latter part of the war he commanded a division of Ewell's corps, and it was at this time that his division was captured along with that of General Kershaw. After the war he became professor of civil en gineering at the Virginia Military Institute, and in 1871 he succeeded his father, — General Robert E. Lee, — as president of the Washington & Lee University. This position he held until 1897, when he became president emeritus.
MAJOR-GENERAL MATTHEW CALVIN BUTLKK was born near Greenville, South Carolina, March 8, 1836. He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1856, and in addition to practising law was elected to the State legislature in 1859. At the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Confed erate Army as captain, and rose to the command of the Second South Carolina Cavalry, which fought a notable action at Brandy Station on June 10, 1863, in which Colonel Butler lost his right leg. He was appointed brigadier-general, September 2, 1863. In the following year General Butler had command of a brigade consisting of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth South Carolina Cavalry, which was included in General Wade Hampton's division and operated with the Army of Northern Virginia. General Butler participated in the bat tle of Trevilian Station on June 12, 1864, com manding General Hampton's division, where he was engaged with the cavalry of General Sheridan^ and later broke through General J. H. Wilson's lines. General Butler was sent to resist the onward march of Sherman through North Carolina, and he participated in the battle of Bentonville. He had previously, December 7, 1864, been appointed major-general. After the surrender at Greens boro, General Butler was paroled, May 1, 1865. Entering politics again after the war, General But ler met with rapid advancement, and was United States Senator from South Carolina from 1877 to 1889. At the outbreak of the Spanish War he was made a major-general of volunteers, May 28, 1898, and served until honorably discharged, April 15, 1899. He was a member of the commission ap pointed by President McKinley to arrange for the evacuation of Cuba by the Spaniards. General Butler died at Columbus, S. C., April 14, 1909.
MAJOR-GENERAL WILLIAM MAHONE was born at Monroe, Southampton County, Virginia, De cember 1, 1826. Graduating from the Virginia Military Institute in 1847, he followed the profes-
[284]
John Bratton Led a Brigade in Long- Thomas M. Logan Led a Cavalry Nathan G. Evans, Commander of street's Corps. Brigade in Lee's Army. District on the Atlantic- Coast.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 17 SOUTH CAROLINA
Martin VV. Gary, Originally Colonel in Hampton's Legion.
James Connor Commanded a Brigade in Lee's Armv.
Ellison Capers Led a Brigade in the John D. Kennedy Led a Brigade in John S. Preston. Chief of the Bureau Armv of Tennessee. Longstreet's Corps. of Conscription.
sion of civil engineering until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he entered the Confederate Array. He participated in the capture of the Norfolk Navy Yard by the Virginia volunteers, raised and commanded the Sixth Virginia regiment and on November 16, 1861, he was appointed brigadier- general in the Confederate Army in March, 1864. In the battle of Seven Pines, General Mahone com manded a brigade in Huger's Division, while at Malvern Hill also his troops were engaged. Gen eral Mahone also fought in the Chancellorsvillc and Gettysburg campaigns, as well as in the Wilder ness. At the North Anna on May 24th, General Mahone made a desperate attack on Warren's Corps, driving it back. On August 3, 1864, Gen
eral Mahone was promoted to be major-general. He was active in the brilliant repulse of the Fed eral attack after the explosion of the mine at Petersburg and in the various operations about the Weldon Railroad. General Mahone was pres ent at the last struggles of the war, and was paroled at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. After the war he was made president of the Norfolk and Tennessee Railroad and be came a leading figure in Virginia politics, being elected to the United States Senate in 1880, where he acted with the Republican party. He failed of re-election on the expiration of his term in 1887, and died at Washington, 1). C., October 9, 1893.
[ 286 ]
VIII
THE ORGANIZATIONS
OF THE VETERANS
THE GERM OF THE "G. A. R." IDEA
William W. Silkworth, of Long Branch, New Jersey, a veteran who had an opportunity to inspect some of the pictures reproduced in the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY, recognized this group as Company B, 170th Regiment, New York Volunteers. "You cannot appreciate or understand fully my amazement and joy in the discovery," he wrote to the editors. "There right in the front of the picture sits my brother playing cards (You will note that he is left handed. We laid him away in front of Petersburg). With him is John Vandewater, Geo. Thomas and Wash. Keating. There is Charlie Thomas and all the rest as true as life. With the exception of two, I have not seen any of the boys for thirty years." It was at such moments as this, when the Federal soldiers played games and chatted and became 1288]
UNION RESERVES ON PICKET DUTY
acquainted, that the organization was being evolved which has grown into a leading national institution since its formation at Decatur, llinois, on April 6, 1866. Between the men who had fought and marched and suffered together, who time out of mind had shared heir last crust and saved each others' lives, who had nursed each other and cheered each other on when another step forward seemed to lean certain death, there arose a great love that extended to the widows and orphans of those whose dying words they had heard on the ield of battle. Ever since that time the organization has lent assistance to those reduced to need by the inexorable war. It admits to aembership any soldier or sailor of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, who served between April 12. 1861, and April 9. 18fi">.
(Srmtii Armjj nf tlj?
BY JOHN E. GILMAN, COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC
AT the close of the Civil War, there were over a million men in the Union armies. Nearly two and a half million had served under the Stars and Stripes during the four long years of war fare, of whom three hundred and fifty-nine thou sand had died. It was essential that those still in the service should disband and retire to civilian life. This was effected after a grand parade of the armies of the Potomac, the Tennessee, and of Georgia, on May 23 and 24, 1865, when one hun dred and fifty thousand men marched through the wide avenues of Washington in review before the President and the commanding generals. From the glare and glory, the power and prestige of the soldier's career, they went into the obscurity of the peaceful pursuits of American citizenship, and in a few short months the vast armies of the United States had disappeared.
The great war was ended, but it would have been strange indeed if the memories of those years of storm and stress, the sacrifices of those who had fallen, the experiences of the march, the battle field, and the camp, and the needs of their disabled comrades, and of the widows and the orphans had been forgotten.
Even before the war had ended, organizations of veterans of the Union armies had begun to be formed. The first veteran society formed, The Third Army Corps Union, was organized at the headquarters of General D. B. Birncy, commander of the Third Army Corps, at a meeting of the officers of the corps, September 2, 1863. The main object, at that time, was to secure funds for embalming and sending home for burial the bodies of officers killed in battle or dying in hospitals at the front. General D. A. Sickles was its first president.
In April, 1865, the Society of the Army of the Tennessee was formed at Raleigh, North Carolina, membership being restricted to officers who had served with the old Army of the Tennessee. The object was declared to be " to keep alive that kindly and cordial feeling which has been one of the characteristics of this army during its career in the service." General Sherman was elected president in 1869, and continued to hold the office for many years.
After the war, many other veteran societies
were formed, composed not only of officers but of enlisted men of the various armies, corps, and regi ments, as well as many naval organizations. Among them, the Military Order of the Loyal Le gion of the United States was the first society formed by officers honorably discharged from the service. It was first thought of at a meeting of a group of officers who had met the day after the assassination of President Lincoln for the purpose of passing resolutions on his death. These reso lutions were subsequently adopted, and it was de termined to effect a permanent organization. This was done May 3, 1865, and a constitution and by-laws were, in part, adopted the same month. The titles of officers, the constitution, and general plan, were, in part, afterward adopted by the Grand Army of the Republic. The essential dif ference was that first-class membership of the Loyal Legion was restricted to officers.
Besides the foregoing organizations of veterans, there were others formed of a political nature, such as the Boys in Blue and other similar socie ties, and there were held in September, 1866, two political conventions of veterans of the army and navy. These political soldiers' clubs were the re sult of the times, for the controversy between Con gress and President Johnson was at its height. In the East, after the fall elections of 1866, most of these political clubs of veterans were ready to dis band. The desire for a permanent organization of veterans became strong. No post of the Grand Army had been organized east of Ohio prior to October, 1866. Posts were started, and inasmuch as eligibility to membership in the Grand Army was possessed by those who composed the member ship of these political clubs, the Boys in Blue and similar clubs formed, in many places, the nucleus of the Grand Army posts.
This fact gave, in good part, a political tinge to the Grand Army during the first year or two of its existence, and to it was due, chiefly, the severe losses in membership that the order sus tained for a short period. But, eventually, the po litical character was wholly eradicated, and the order recovered its standing and its losses.
During the winter of 1865—66, Major B. F. Stcphcnson, surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois regiment, discussed with friends the matter of the
[290]
Galusha Pennypacker, Colo- Joshua T. Owens, Colonel James A. Ik-aver, Colonel Isaac J. Wistar, Originally nel of the 97th Regiment. of the 69th Regiment. of the 148th Regiment. Colonel of the 71st Reg't.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 23 PENNSYLVANIA
Joshua K. Sigfried, Originally Colo nel of the 48th Regiment.
David H.Williams, Originally Colo nel of the 82d Infantry.
John B. Mclntosh, Origi nally Colonel of the 3d Cavalry.
Frederick S. Stumbaugh, Thomas J. McKean Led Montgomery C. Meigs, Originally Colonel of a Division at Quartermaster-General
the 2d Infantry. Corinth. of the Army.'
[D-19]
(Srattfc Army 0f tty
formation of an organization of veteran soldiers. He had, previously, while the war was still con tinuing, talked over the formation of such an or ganization with his tent-mate, Chaplain William J. Rutledge of the same regiment, and both had agreed to undertake the work of starting such a project after the war was ended, if they survived.
At the national encampment in St. Louis, in 1887, it was stated by Fred. J.Dcan, of Fort Scott, Arkansas, that in February, 1866, he, with Doctors Hamilton and George H. Allen, assisted Doctor Stephenson in compiling ritualistic work, constitu tion, and by-laws at Springfield, Illinois, and these four assumed the obligations of the Grand Army of the Republic at that time. It is conceded that the initiatory steps to constitute the order were taken in Illinois, and Doctor Stephenson's name is the first one connected with the systematic or ganization of the Grand Army. He and his co- workers were obligated in the work. Several other veterans joined with them, and a ritual was prepared.
The question of printing this ritual occasioned some anxiety on account of the desire to keep it secret, but this difficulty was solved by having it printed at the office of the Decatur (Illinois) Tribune, the proprietor of which, together Avith his compositors, were veterans. They were ac cordingly obligated, and the ritual was printed by them. Captain John S. Phclps, one of the active associates of Doctor Stephenson, who had gone to Decatur to supervise the work of printing the ritual, had met several of his comrades of the Forty-first Illinois and had sought their coopera tion. One of them, Doctor J. W. Routh, who was acquainted with Doctor Stephenson, went to Springfield to consult the latter about organiz ing, and, with Captain M. F. Kanan, called upon Doctor Stephenson. They returned to Decatur to organize a post there, and at once set to work and secured a sufficient number of signatures to an application for a charter. They returned to Springfield to present the application in person. On April 6, 1866, Doctor Stephenson issued the charter, signing it as department commander of Illinois, thus creating the first post of the Grand Army of the Republic. The ritual was revised and a constitution written by a committee from this post, at the suggestion of Doctor Stephenson. The committee reported that the regulations and ritual had been presented to department headquarters and accepted. The plan of organization consisted of post, district, department, and national organ izations, to be known as the Grand Army of the Republic.
The declaration of principles in the constitution written by Adjutant-General Robert M. Woods set forth that the soldiers of the volunteer army o the United States, during the war of 1861-65, act uated by patriotism and combined in fellowship felt called upon to declare those principles am rules which should guide the patriotic freeman am Christian citizen, and to agree upon plans an< laws which should govern them in a united am systematic working method to effect the preserva tion of the grand results of the war. These re sults included the preservation of fraternal feel ings, the making of these ties advantageous t( those in need of assistance, the providing for tin support, care, and education of soldiers' orphans and maintenance of their widows, the protectioi and assistance of disabled soldiers, and the " estab lishment and defense of the late soldiery of tin United States, morally, socially, and politically with a view to inculcate a proper appreciation ol their services to the country, and to a recognitior of such services and claims by the Americar people."
To this last section, the national encampment ir Philadelphia, in 1868, added, " But this associa tion does not design to make nominations for office or to use its influence as a secret organization for partisan purposes." The word " sailors " was added by the Indianapolis encampment. In May, 1869, the present form of rules and regulations was adopted.
Post Xo. 2 of the Department of Illinois was organized at Springfield, as stated by General Webber, in April, 1866.
In 1865, in Indiana, correspondence relating to the continuance of the Army Club, a society of veterans, had come to the hands of Governor Oli ver P. Morton, of Indiana. He sent General R. S. Foster, of Indianapolis, to Springfield, to examine into Doctor Stephenson's plan of organization. General Foster met the latter, and was obligated by him. On his return, he obligated a number of his intimate comrades, and these he constituted as a department organization. The first post of this department was organized at Indianapolis, on the 22d of August, 1866.
Doctor Stephenson had issued, as department commander, General Orders No. 1, on April 1, 1866, at Springfield, in which he announced the following officers : General Jules C. Webber, aider de-camp and chief of staff; Major Robert M. Woods, adjutant-general; Colonel John M. Sny- der, quartermaster-general ; Captain John S. Phclps, aide-de-camp, and Captain John A. Light- foot, assistant adjutant-general, on duty at the de-
[292]
Thomas R. Rowley, Originally Colo nel of the 102d Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS No. 24
Charles T. Campbell, Originally
( 'olonel of the 1st Regiment
of Artillerv.
James Xagle, Origin;! lly Colonel of the 48th Regiment.
PENNSYLVANIA
(CONTINUED)
Alexander Sehimmelpfennig, Originally Colonel of the 14th Infantry.
George A. MeCall, Commander of the
Pennsylvania Reserves in
the Seven Days.
Albert L. Lee Led a Cavalry
Column in the Red River
Campaign.
Joshua B. Howell, Originally
Colonel of the 85th
Regiment.
(&rattfc Army of tfye Sepubltr
partment licadquartcrs. On June 26, 1866, a call had been issued for a convention, to be held at Springfield, Illinois, July 12, 1866. The conven tion was held on this date and the Department of Illinois organized, General John M. Palmer being elected department commander. Doctor Stephen- son was recognized, however, in the adoption of a resolution which proclaimed him as " the head and front of the organization." He continued to act as commander-in-chief.
In October, 1866, departments had been formed in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowra, and Minne sota, and posts had been organized in Ohio, Mis souri, Kentucky, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. On October 31, 1866, Doctor Stephenson issued Gen eral Orders No. 13, directing a national conven tion to be held at Indianapolis, November 20, 1866, signing this order as commander-in-chief. In ac cordance with this order, the First National En campment of the Grand Army of the Republic convened at Indianapolis on the date appointed, and was called to order by Commander-in-Chief Stephenson. A committee on permanent organi zation was appointed and its report nominating the officers of the convention was adopted, and General John M. Palmer became the presiding officer of the convention. The committee on con stitution submitted a revised form of the consti tution which, with a few amendments, was adopted. Resolutions were adopted calling the attention of Congress to the laws in regard to bounties, recom mending the passage of a law making it obligatory for every citizen to give actual service when called upon in time of war, instead of providing a substi tute, and suggesting, for the consideration of those in authority, the bestowal of positions of honor and profit upon worthy and competent soldiers and sail ors. General S. A. Hurlbut, of Illinois, was elected commander-in-chicf and Doctor Stephenson, adju tant-general.
The national organization of the Grand Army of the Republic was thus fairly started. The Second National Encampment was held at Phila delphia, January 15, 16, and 17, 1868, when General John A. Logan was elected commander- in-chief. At the Third National Encampment at Cincinnati, May 12 and 13, 1869, General Logan was reelected commander-in-chicf. It appears from Adjutant-General Chipman's report at this encampment that, at the Philadelphia encamp ment in 1868, there were represented twenty-one departments, which claimed a total membership of over two hundred thousand. But there had been very few records kept, either in departments or at
national headquarters, and there seems to have been very little communication between posts and headquarters. At the Cincinnati encampment, the adjutant-general reported that the aggregate num ber of departments was thirty-seven, and that the number of posts, reported and estimated, was 2050. At the encampment at Cincinnati, in 1869, the grade system of membership was adopted, estab lishing three grades of recruit, soldier, and vet eran. This system met with serious opposition and was finally abandoned at the encampment at Bos ton, in 1871. It was claimed that to this system much of the great falling-off in membership was due. It is a fact that, at this period, there had been a large decrease in the numbers in the order, particularly in the West. But the cause of this may be laid to a variety of reasons. The order, at first, seems to have had a rapid growth. Be cause of the incompleteness of the records, it is im possible even to estimate what the strength of the membership in those early days was. But the real solidity of the order was not established until some years had passed.
On May 5, 1868, Commander-in-Chicf Logan, by General Orders No. 11, had assigned May 30, 1868, as a memorial day which was to be devoted to the strewing of flowers on the graves of deceased comrades who had died in the defense of their country during the Civil War. The idea of Me morial Day had been suggested to Adjutant-Gen eral Chipman in a letter from some comrade then living in Cincinnati, whose name has been lost. At the encampment at Washington, in 1870, Memo rial Day was established by an amendment to the rules and regulations. It has been made a holiday in many of the States, and is now observed through out the country, not only by the Grand Army but by the people generally, for the decoration of the graves of the soldiers.
The first badge of the order was adopted in 1866. A change was made in October, 1868, in its design, and a further change in October, 1869. At the national encampment of 1873, the badge was adopted which is substantially the one that exists to-day, a few minor changes being made in 1886. It is now made from captured cannon purchased from the Government. The bron/e button worn on the lapel of the coat was adopted in 1884.
The matter of pensions has, in the nature of things, occupied much of the time of the Grand Army encampments, both national and depart mental. The order has kept careful watch over pension legislation ; its recommendations have been conservative, and of late years have been adopted by Congress to a very great extent. Aid
[294]
William A. Quark's, Wounded in George G. Dibrell, Leader of Cavalry Alfred E. Jackson Commanded a Hood's Charge at Franklin. Opposing Sherman's March. District of East Tennessee.
George Maney, Active Organizer and Leader of Tennessee.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 18 TENNESSEE
Bushrod R. Johnson, Conspicuous in the West and in the East.
John P. McCown; At Belmont, in 1861. John C. Brown Led a Division in the William H Jackson Led a Brigade Later Led a Division. Army of Tennessee. of Forrest s Cavalry.
United (Enttfrtorat?
|
has been given to veterans and widows entitled to |
Charles Devens, |
Massachusetts, |
1873-74 |
|
pensions, by cooperation with the Pension Office in |
John F. Hartranft, |
Pennsylvania, |
1875-76 |
|
obtaining and furnishing information for the adjudication of claims. The Grand Army lias been assisted in carrying out its purposes by its allied orders, the Woman's |
John C. Robinson, William Earnshaw, Louis Wagner. George S. Merrill. Paul Van Dervoort, |
Xew York. Ohio, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Nebraska, |
1877-78 1879 1880 1881 1882 |
|
Relief Corps, the Sons of Veterans, the Daughters |
Robert B. Beath, |
Pennsylvania, |
1883 |
|
of Veterans, and the Ladies of the G. A. R. These |
John S. Kountz, |
Ohio, |
1884 |
|
organizations have adopted the principles and pur |
S. S. Burdett, |
Dist. of Columbia, |
1885 |
|
poses that have actuated the Grand Army and have |
Lucius Fairchild, |
Wisconsin. |
1886 |
|
given much valued aid in the achievement of the |
John P. Rea, |
Minnesota, |
1887 |
|
results obtained. |
William Warner, |
Missouri, |
1888 |
|
The Grand Army of the Republic before the end |
Russell A. Alger, |
Michigan, |
1889 |
|
•/ of the nineteenth century had passed the zenith of its career. Its membership remained about the same |
Wheelock G. Veazey, John Palmer, A. G. Wcisscrt, |
Vermont, Xew York. \\ iseonsin |
1890 1891 1 80^ |
|
in numbers after its first great leap and subsequent |
John G. B. Adams. |
Massachusetts, |
i <j~j~ 1893 |
|
subsidence, varying between 25,000 and 50,000 |
Thomas G. Lawler, |
Illinois, |
1894 |
|
from 1870 to 1880. During the decade between |
Ivan N. Walker, |
Indiana, |
1 895 |
|
1880 and 1890 it rose to its highest number of 409,- |
T. S. Clarkson, |
Xehraska, |
1 896 |
|
489. Since then it has decreased, through death, |
John P. S. Gobin, |
Pennsylvania, |
1897 |
|
in very great part, until, at the national encamp |
James A. Sexton, |
Illinois, |
1898 |
|
ment of 1910, at Atlantic City, it had diminished |
W. C. Johnson, |
Ohio, |
1899 |
|
to 213,901. Its posts exist throughout the length and breadth of the country, and even outside, and |
Albert D. Shaw, Leo Rassieur, |
Xew York, Missouri, |
1 899 1900 |
|
nearly every State has a department organization. |
Ell Torrence, Thomas J. Stewart, |
Minnesota, Pennsylvania, |
1901 1902 |
|
Its influence is felt in every city, town, and vil |
John C. Black, |
Illinois, |
1903 |
|
lage, and it has earned the good-will and support. |
Wilmon W. Blackmar, |
Massachusetts, |
1904 |
|
of the entire American people. Among its leaders |
John R. King, |
Maryland, |
1901 |
|
have been some of the most prominent men of the |
James Tanner, |
Dist. of Columbia, |
1905 |
|
country. Its commanders-in-chicf have been : |
Robert B. Brown, |
Ohio, |
1906 |
|
Charles G. Burton. |
Missouri. |
1907 |
|
|
B. F. Steplienson, Illinois, 1866 |
Henry M. Nevius, |
Xew Jersey, |
1908 |
|
S. A. Hurlbut. Illinois, 1 866-67 |
Samuel R. Van Sant. |
Minnesota. |
1909 |
|
John A. Logan, Illinois, 1868-70 |
John E. Gilman, |
Massachusetts, |
1910 |
|
Ambrose E. Burnside, Rhode Island, 1871-72 |
Hiram M. Trimble, |
Illinois, |
1911 |
BY S. A. CUNNINGHAM, LATE SERGEANT-MAJOR, CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY, AND FOUNDER AND EDITOR OF "THE CONFEDERATE VETERAN"
THE organization known as the United Con federate Veterans was formed in New Or leans, June 10, 1889. The inception of the idea for a large and united association is credited to Colonel J. F. Shipp, a gallant Confederate, com mander of N. B. Forrest Camp, of Chattanooga, Tennessee — the third organized — who was in suc cessful business for years with a Union veteran. Colonel Shipp had gone to New Orleans in the in terest of the Chattanooga and Chickamauga Mili
tary Park, and there proposed a general organi zation of Confederates on the order of the Grand Army of the Republic, his idea being to bring into a general association the State organizations, one of which in Virginia, and another in Tennessee, had already been organized.
Following these suggestions, a circular was sent out from New Orleans in regard to the proposed organization, and the first meeting was held in that city on June 10, 1889, the organization being
[2961
ROBERT V. RICHARDSON
Commanded a Tennessee Brigade.
SAMUEL II. ANDERSON*
Commander of a Tennessee
Brigade.
BENJAMIN J. HILL
Provost-Marshal-General Army
of Tennessee.
JAMES A. SMITH
Led a Brigade in Cleburne's
Division.
THOMAS B. SMITH
Led a Brigade in the Army of
Tennessee.
ROBERT C. TYLER
Commander of the Garrison at Wes1
Point, Georgia.
WILLIAM Y. C. HUMES Commanded a Division of Wheeler Cavalrv.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 19 TENNESSEE
ALEXANDER W. C AMPBELL Lrd a Brigade of Forrest's Cavalrj
Lucius M. WALKER Lod a Calvary Brigade in the Army of the West
Hnifrfo flUmfrtorate
perfected under the name of United Confederate Veterans, with F. S. Washington, of New Orleans, as president, and J. A. Chalaron, secretary. A constitution was adopted, and Lieutenant-General John B. Gordon, of Georgia, was elected gen eral and commander-in-chief. At this meeting there were representatives from the different Con federate organizations already in existence in the States of Louisiana, Mississippi and Ten
nessee.
While giving Colonel Shipp credit for suggest ing the general organization of the United Con federate Veterans, the important part played by the Louisiana camps in furthering the association must be emphasized. The previously existing or ganizations became the first numbers in the larger association. The Army of Northern Virginia, of New Orleans, became Camp No. 1 ; Army of Ten nessee, New Orleans, No. 2 ; and LcRoy Stafford Camp, Shreveport, No. 3. The N. B. Forrest Camp, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, became No. 4 ; while Fred. Ault Camp, of Knoxville, is No. 5. There are other camps, not among the first in the list, which are among the most prominent in the organization. For instance, Tennessee had an organization of bivouacs, the first and largest of which was Frank Cheatham, No. 1, of Nashville, but which is Camp No. 35, U. C. V. Then, Rich mond, Virginia, had its R. E. Lee Camp, which has ever been of the most prominent, and was the leader in a great soldiers' home movement. In the U. C. V. camp-list, the R. E. Lee, of Richmond, is No. 181. The camps increased to a maximum of more than fifteen hundred, but with the passage of years many have ceased to be active.
While the organization was perfected in New Orleans, the first reunion of United Confederate Veterans was held in Chattanooga, Tennessee, July 3 to 5, 1890. To this reunion invitations were extended " to veterans of both armies and to citizens of the Republic," and the dates purposely included Independence Day.
The first comment both in the North and South was, " Why keep up the strife or the memory of it? " but it was realized that such utterances were from those who did not comprehend the scope of the organization of United Confederate Veterans, which, from the very outset, was clear in the minds of its founders. It was created on high lines, and its first commander was the gallant soldier, General John B. Gordon, at the time governor of Georgia, and later was United States senator. General Gordon was continued as commander-in- chief until his death.
The nature and object of the organization can
not be explained better than by quoting from its constitution.
The first article declares :
" The object and purpose of this organization will be strictly social, literary, historical, and be nevolent. It will endeavor to unite in a general federation all associations of the Confederate vet erans, soldiers and sailors, now in existence or hereafter to be formed ; to gather authentic data for an impartial history of the War between the States ; to preserve the relics or memories of the same ; to cherish the ties of friendship that exist among the men who have shared common dangers, common suffering and privations ; to care for the disabled and extend a helping hand to the needy ; to protect the widow and orphan, and to make and preserve the record of the services of every mem ber and, as far as possible, of those of our com rades who have preceded us in eternity."
Likewise, the last article provides that neither discussion of political or religious subjects nor any political action shall be permitted in the or ganization, and that any association violating that provision shall forfeit its membership.
The notes thus struck in the constitution of the United Confederate Veterans were reechoed in the opening speech of the first commander-in-chief. General Gordon, addressing the Veterans and tin- public, said:
" Comrades, no argument is needed to secure for those objects your enthusiastic endorsement. They have burdened your thoughts for many years. You have cherished them in sorrow, poverty, and humiliation. In the face of misconstruction, you have held them in your hearts with the strength of religious convictions. No mis judgments can de feat your peaceful purposes for the future. Your aspirations have been lifted by the mere force and urgency of surrounding conditions to a plane far above the paltry consideration of partisan tri umphs. The honor of the American Government, the just powers of the Federal Government, the equal rights of States, the integrity of the Consti tutional Union, the sanctions of law, and the en forcement of order have no class of defenders more true and devoted than the ex-soldiers of the South and their worthy descendants. But you realize the great truth that a people without the memories of heroic suffering or sacrifice are a people without a history.
" To cherish such memories and recall such a past, whether crowned with success or consecrated in defeat, is to idealize principle and strengthen character, intensify love of country, and convert defeat and disaster into pillars of support for
[298]
William H. Carroll
Led a Brigade in
East Tennessee.
John C. Carter, Orig inally Colonel of the 38th Regiment.
John C.Vaughen, Com mander of a Cav alry Brigade.
Gideon D. Pillow, Opponent of Grant in Grant's First Battle — Belmont.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
George W. Gordon Led a Brigade in Army of Tennessee.
Alfred J. Vaughn Led a Brigade in Gen eral Folk's Corps.
Henry B. Davidson Led a Brigade of Wheeler's Cavalry.
No. 20— TENNESSEE
Tyree H. Bell Led a Cavalry Com- William McComb Ixxl a Brigade mand under Forrest. in R. E. Lee's Army.
Joseph B. Palmer Ix>d a Brigade in General Folk's Corps.
United Ohmfrtoratr
future manhood and noble womanhood. Whether the Southern people, under their changed condi tions, may ever hope to witness another civilization which shall equal that which began with their Washington and ended with their Lee, it is cer tainly true that devotion to their glorious past is not only the surest guarantee of future progress and the holiest bond of unity, but is also the strong est claim they can present to the confidence and respect of the other sections of the Union."
Referring to the new organization, General Gor don said:
" It is political in no sense, except so far as the word ' political ' is a synonym of the word ' patri otic.' It is a brotherhood over which the genius of philanthropy and patriotism, of truth and jus tice will preside ; of philanthropy, because it will succor the disabled, help the needy, strengthen the weak, and cheer the disconsolate; of patriotism, because it will cherish the past glories of the dead Confederacy and transmute them into living inspi rations for future service to the living Republic ; of truth, because it will seek to gather and pre serve, as witnesses for history, the unimpeachable facts which shall doom falsehood to die that truth may live; of justice, because it will cultivate na tional as well as Southern fraternity, and will condemn narrow-mindedness and prejudice and passion, and cultivate that broader and higher and nobler sentiment which would write on the grave of every soldier who fell on our side, ' Here lies an American hero, a martyr to the right as his con science conceived it.' '
The reunions, thus happily inaugurated, became at once popular and have been held every year except the first appointment at Birmingham, Ala bama, which was postponed from 1893 to 1894. No event in the South is comparable in widespread interest to these reunions. Only the large cities have been able to entertain the visitors, which range in number between fifty thousand and one hundred thousand.
The greatest of all gatherings was at Richmond, Virginia, June 30, 1907, when the superb monu ment to the only President of the Confederacy was unveiled. There were probably a hundred thou sand people at the dedication. An idea of the magnitude of these reunion conventions and the interest in them may be had by reference to that held in Little Rock, Arkansas, in May, 1911, a city of a little more than thirty thousand inhab itants, wherein over a hundred thousand visitors were entertained during the three days.
No finer evidences of genuine patriotism can be found than in the proceedings of these conven
tions. In fact, there are no more faithful patriots. The Gray line of 1911 is not yet so thin as the press contributions make it. True, the veterans are growing feeble, but the joy of meeting com rades with whom they served in camp and battle for four years — many of whom had not seen one another in the interim — is insuppressible. It is not given to men in this life to become more at tached to each other than arc the Confederates. They had no pay-roll to look to, and often but scant rations, which they divided unstintedly. And their defeat increased their mutual sympathy.
Yet, on the other hand, there is a just apprecia tion of their adversaries. The great body of Con federate veterans esteem the men who fought them, far above the politician. They look confidently to the better class of Union veterans to cooperate with them in maintaining a truthful history. Maybe the time will come when the remnant of the soldiers, North and South, will confer together for the good of the country.
The Confederates have not pursued the excellent method of rotation in office in their organization, as have the Grand Army comrades. General John B. Gordon sought to retire repeatedly, but his comrades would not consent. At his death Gen eral Stephen D. Lee, next in rank, became com- mander-in-chief. It was a difficult place to fill, for there never was a more capable and charming man in any place than was General Gordon as commander-in-chief. However, General Lee was so loyal, so just, and so zealous a Christian that he grew rapidly in favor, and at his death there was widespread sorrow. He was succeeded by General Clement A. Evans, of Georgia, who pos sessed the same high qualities of Christian man hood, and he would have been continued through life, as were his predecessors, but a severe illness, which affected his throat, made a substitute neces sary, so he and General W. L. Cabell, commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department from the be ginning—their rank being about equal — were made honorary commanders-in-chief for life, and Gen eral George W. Gordon, a member of Congress from Tennessee, was chosen as active commander- in-chief in 1910. Generals Gordon, Cabell, and Evans died in 1911. Each had a military funeral in which U. S. Army officials took part.
Within a score of years there had developed a close and cordial cooperation between the veterans and such representative Southern organizations as the Confederated Southern Memorial Associa tion, the United Sons of Confederate Veterans, and the LTnitcd Daughters of the Confederacy. All are devoted to the highest patriotic ideals.
[300]
IX
ROSTER
OF GENERAL OFFICERS
BOTH UNION AND CONFEDERATE
THE GENERAL-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES A PICTURE OF GRANT WITH HIS FAVORITE CHARGER "CINCINNATI" TAKEN AT COLD HARBOR ON JUNE 4, 1864, IN THE MIDST OF THE "HAMMERING POLICY" THAT IN TEN MONTHS TERMINATED THE WAR
GDffirers nf % Intnn Army
This roster includes in alphabetical order under the various grades the names of all general officers either of full rank or by brevet in the United States (Regular) Army and in the United States Volunteers during the Civil War. The highest rank attained; whether full or by brevet, only is given, in order to avoid duplications. It is, of course, understood that in most cases the actual rank next below that conferred by brevet was held either in the United States Army or the Volunteers. In some cases for distinguished gallantry or marked efficiency brevet rank higher than the next grade above was given. The date is that of the appointment.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL
UNITED STATES ARMY
(Full Rank) Grant, Ulysses S., Mar. 2, '64.
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL
UNITED STATES ARMY
(By Brevet) Scott, Winfield, Mar. 29, '47.
MAJOR-GENERALS
UNITED STATES ARMY (Full Rank)
Fremont, J. C., May 14, '61. Halleck, H. W., Aug. 19, '61. Hancock, Winfield, July 26, '66. McClellan, G. B., May 14, '61. Meade, G. G., Aug. 18, '64. Sheridan, P. H., Nov. 8, '64. Sherman, Wm. T., Aug. 12, '64. Thomas, Geo. H., Dec. 15, '64. Wool, John E., May 16, '62.
MAJOR-GENERALS
UNITED STATES ARMY (By Brevet)
Allen, Robert, Mar. 13, '65. Ames, Adelbert, Mar. 13, '65. Anderson, Robert, Feb. 3, '65. Arnold, Richard, Mar. 13, '65. Augur, Chris. C., Mar. 13, '65. Averell, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65. Ayres, R. B., Mar. 13, '65. Baird, Absalom, Mar. 13, '65. Barnard, John G., Mar. 13, '65. Barnes, Joseph K., Mar. 13, '65. Barry, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65. Beckwith, Amos, Mar. 13, '65. Benham, H. W., Mar. 13, '65. Brannan, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Brice, Benj. W., Mar. 13, '65. Brown, Harvey, Aug. 2, '66. Buchanan, R. C., Mar. 13, '65. Butterfield, D., Mar. 13, '65. Canby, Ed. S. R., Mar. 13, '65. Carleton, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Carlin, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65. Carr, Eugene A., Mar. 13, '6.5. Carroll, Sam. S., Mar. 13, '65. Casey, Silas, Mar. 13, '65.
Clarke, Henry F., Mar. 13, '65. Cook, P. St. G., Mar. 13, '65. Cram, Thomas J., Jan 13, '66. Crawford, S. W., Mar. 13, '65. Crook, George, Mar. 13, '65. Crossman, G. H., Mar. 13, '65. Culluin, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Custer, Geo. A., Mar. 13, '65. Davidson, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Davis. Jef. C., Mar. 13, '65. Delafield, Rich., Mar. 13, '65. Donaldson, J. L., Mar. 13, '65. Doubleday, A., Mar. 13, '65. Dyer, Alex. B., Mar. 13, '65. Easton, L. E., Mar. 13, '65. Eaton, Amos B., Mar. 13, '65. Elliott, W. L., Nov. 13, '65. Emory, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Fessenden, F., Mar. 13, '65. Foster, John G.. Mar. 13, '65. Franklin, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. French, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Fry, James B., Mar. 13, '65. Garrard, Kenner, Mar. 13, '65. Getty, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Gibbon, John, Mar. 13, '65. Gibbs, Alfred, Mar. 13, '65. Gibson, Geo., May 30, '48. Gillem, Alvan G./April 12, '65. Gilmore, Q. A., Mar. 13, '65. Granger, Gordon, Mar. 13, '65. Granger, Robt. S., Mar. 13, '65. Grierson, B. H., Mar. 2, '67. Griffin, Charles, Mar. 13, '65. Grover, Cuvier, Mar. 13, '65. Hardie, James A., Mar. 13, '65. Harnev, \Vm. S., Mar. 13, '65. Hartsuff, G. L., Mar. 13, '65 Hatch, Edward, Mar. 2, '67. Hawkins, J. P., Mar. 13, '65. Hazen, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Heintzelman, S. P., Mar. 13,
'65.
Hoffman, Wm. Mar. 13, '65. Holt, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Hooker, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Howard, O. O., Mar. 13, '65. Howe, A. P., Mar. 13, '65. Humphreys, A. A., Mar. 13, '65. Hunt, Henry J., Mar. 13, '65. Hunter, David, Mar. 13, '65. Ingalls, Rufus, Mar. 13, '65. Johnson, R. W.. Mar. 13, '65. Kautz, August V., Mar. 13, '65. Ketchum, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65.
Kilpatrick, Judson, Mar. 13,
'65.
King, John H., Mar. 13, '65. Long, Eli, Mar. 13, '65. McCook, A. McD., Mar. 13,
'65.
McDowell, Irvin, Mar. 13/65. Mclntosh, John B., Aug. 5, '62. Marcy, R. B., Mar. 13, '65. Meigs, Mont. C., July 5, '64. Merritt, Wesley, Mar. 13, '65. Miles, Nelson A., Mar. 2, '67. Morris, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65. Mower, J. A., Mar. 13, '65. Newton, John, Mar. 13, '65. Nichols, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65. Ord, Ed. O. C., Mar. 13, '65. Parke, John G., Mar. 13, '65. Pennypacker, G., Mar. 2, '67. Pleasonton, A., Mar. 13, '65. Pope, John, Mar. 13, '65. Ramsey, Geo. D., Mar. 13, '65. Rawlins, John A., April 9, '65. Reynolds, J. J., Mar. 2, '67. Ricketts, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. Ripley, Jas. W., Mar. 13, '65. Robinson, J. C., Mar. 13, '65. Rosecrans, W. S., Mar. 13, '65. Rousseau, L. H., Mar. 28, '67. Rucker, D. H., Mar. 13, '65. Russell, David A., Sept. 19, '64. Sackett, Delos B., Mar. 13, '65. Schofield, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Schriver, E., Mar. 13, '65. Seymour, T., Mar. 13, '65. Sherman, T. W., Mar. 13, '65. Shiras, Alex., Mar. 13, '65. Sickles, Daniel E., Mar. 2, '67. Simpson, M. D. L., Mar. 13,
'65.
Smith, Andrew J., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Chas. H., Mar. 21, '67. Smith, John E., Mar. 2, '67. Smith, W. F., Mar. 13, '65. Stanley, David S., Mar. 13, '65. Steele, Frederick, Mar. 13, '65. Stoneman, G., Mar. 13, '65. Sturgis, S. D., Mar. 13, '65. Sumner, Edwin V., May 6, '64. Swayne, Wager, Mar. 2, '67. Swords, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65. Sykes, George, Mar. 13, '65. Terry, Alfred H., Mar. 13, '65. Thomas, Charles, Mar. 13, '65. Thomas, Lorenzo, Mar. 13, '65.
Torbert, A. T. A., Mar. 13, '65. Totten, J. G., April 21, '64. Tower, Z. B., Mar. 13, '65. Townsend, E. D., Mar. 13, '65. Turner, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Tyler, Robt. O., Mar. 13, '65. Upton, Emory, Mar. 13. '65. Van Vliet, S., Mar. 13, '65. Vinton, D. H., Mar. 13, '65. Warren, G. K., Mar. 13, '65. Webb, Alex. S., Mar. 13, '65. Weitzel, G., Mar. 13, '65. Wheaton, Frank, Mar. 13, '65. Whipple, A. W., May 7, '63. Whipple, Wm. D., Mar. 13, '65. Willcox, O. B., Mar. 2, '67. Williams, Seth, Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, James H., Mar. 13, '65. Wood, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65. Woodbury, D. P., Aug. 15, '64. Woods, Chas. R., Mar. 13, '65. Wright, H. G., Mar. 13, '65.
MAJOR-GENERALS
U. S. VOLXTNTEERS
(Full Rank)
Banks, N. P., May 16, '61. Barlow, F. C., May 25, '65. Berry, H. G., Nov.' 29, '62. Birney, David D., May 3, '63. Blair,' Frank P., Nov. 29, '62. Blunt. James G., Nov. 29, '62. Brooks. W. T. H.. June 10, '63. Buell, Don Carlos, Mar. 21, '62. Buford, John, July 1, '63. Buford, N. B., Mar. 13, '65. Burnside, A. E., Mar. 18, '62. Butler, Benj. F., May 16, '61. Cadwalader, G. B., Apr. 25, '62. Clay, Cassius M., April 11, '62. Couch, Darius N., July 4, '62. Cox, Jacob Dolson, Oct. 6, '62. Crittenden, T. L., July 17, '62. Curtis, S. R., Nov. 21, '62. Dana, N. J. T., Nov. 29, '62. Davies, Henry E., May 4, '65. Dix, John A., May 16, '61. Dodge, G. M., June 7, '64. Doubleday, A., Nov. 29, '62. Garfield, J. A., Sept. 19, '63. Hamilton, C. S., Sept, 18, '62. Hamilton, S., Sept. 17, '62. Herron, F. J., Nov. 29, '62. Hitchcock, E. A., Feb. 10, '62.
[302]
Samuel P. Spear, Originally
Colonel of the llth
Cavalrv.
Roy Stone, Commander William A. Nichols, Promoted Israel Vogdes, Promoted of the " Bucktail for Faithful Services for Gallantry in the
Brigade." in the War. Field.
S. B. M. Young, Originally John R. Brooke, Originally Pennock Huey, Originally Henry J. Madill, Originally Colonel 4th Cavalry; Later Colonel of the 54th Reg' t, Colonel of the 8th Cavalry, Colonelof the 141st Reg' t,
Commander of the U. S. Army. Army of the Potomac. Army of the Potomac. Noted at Gettysburg.
FEDERAL GENERALS— No. 25— PENNSYLVANIA
Andrew Porter, Commanded Thomas Welsh, Originally Charles F. Smith, Originally Thomas L. Kane, Organizer a Brigade at First Colonel of the 45th Colonel of the 3d and Leader of ''Kane's
Bull Run. Regiment. Infantry. Bucktails."
Union
Hurlbut, Stephen, Sept. 17, '62. Kearny, Philip, July 4, '62. Keyes, Erasmus D., May 5, '02. Leggett, M. D., Aug. 21, '65. Logan, John A., Nov. 29, '62. McClernand, J. A., Mar. 21,
'62.
McPherson, J. B., Oct. 8, '62. Mansfield, J. K. F., July 18,
'62.
Milroy, Robt. H., Nov. 29, '62. Mitchell, Ormsby, April 11, '62. Morell, Geo. W., July 4, '62. Morgan, E. D., Sept. 28, '61. Morris, Thos. A., Oct. 25, '62. Mott, Gersham, May 26, '65. Mower, Joseph A., Aug. 12, '64. Negley, James S., Nov. 29, '62. Nebon, William, July 17, '62. Oglesby, R. J., Nov. 29, '62. Osterhaus, P. J., July 23, '64. Palmer, John M., Nov. 29, '62. Peck, John J., July 4, '62. Porter, Fitz John, July 4, '62. Potter, Rbt. B., Sept. 29, '65. Prentiss, B. M., Nov. 29, '62. Reno, Jesse L., July 18, '62. Reynolds, J. F., Nov. 29, '62. Reynolds, Jos. J., Nov. 29, '62. Richardson, I. B., July 4, '62. Schenck, Robt. C. Aug. 30, '62. Schurz, Carl, March 14, '63. Sedgwick, John, July 4, '62. Sigel, Franz, March 21, '62. Slocum, Henry W., July 4, '62. Smith, Chas. F., Mar. 21, '62. Smith, Giles A., Nov. 24, '65. Stahel, Julius H., Mar. 14, '63. Steedman, Jas. B., April 30, '64. Stevens, Isaac I., July 18, '62. Strong, Geo. C., July 18, '63. Wallace, Lewis, March 21, '62. Wrashburn, C. C., Nov. 29, '62.
MAJOR-GENERALS
U. S. VOLUNTEERS
(By Brevet)
Abbott, Henry L., Mar. 13, '65. Allen, Robert, Mar. 13, '65. AIg?r, Russell A., June 11, '65. Anderson, N. L., Mar. 13, '65. Andrews, C. C., Mar. 9, '65. Andrews, G. L., Mar. 26, '65. Asboth, Al?x., Mar. 13, '65. Atkins, Smith D., Mar. 13, '65. Avery, Robert, Mar. 13, '65. Ayre's, R. B., Aug. 1, '64. Bailey, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Baker, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65. Banning, H. B., Mar. 13, '65. Barnes, James, Mar. 13, '65. Barney, Lewis T., Mar. 13, '65. Barnum, H. A., Mar. 13, '65. Barry, H. W., Mar. 13, '65. Bartlett, Jos. J., Aug. 1, '64. Bartlett, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65. Baxter, Henry, April 1, '65. Beal, Geo. L., Mai. 13, '65. Beatty, Samuel, Mar. 13, '65. Belknap, Wm. W1., Mar. 13, '65. Benton, Wm. P., Mar. 26, '65. Birge, H. W., Feb. 25, '65.
Birney, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Bowen, James, Mar. 13, '65. Brayman, Mason, Mar. 13, '65. Brisbin, James, Mar. 13, '65. Brooke, John R., Aug. 1, '64. Buckland, R. P., Mar. 13, '64. Bussey, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65. Byrne, James J., Mar. 13, '65. Caldwell, John C., Aug. 19, '65. Cameron, R. A., Mar. 13, '65. Capehart, Henry, June 17, '65. Carr, Joseph B., Mar. 13, '65. Carter, Samuel P., Mar. 13, '65. Catlin, Isaac S., Mar. 13, '65. Chamberlain, J. L., Mar. 29,
'65.
Chapin, Daniel, Aug. 17, '64. Chapman, G. H.. Mar. 13, '65. Chetlain, A. L., June 18, '65. Chrysler, M. H., Mar. 13, '65. Clark, Wm. T., Nov. 24, '65. Comstock, C. B., Nov. 26, '65. Connor, P. E., Mar. 13, '65. Cooke, John, Aug. 24, '65. Cooper, Jos. A., Mar. 13, '65. Cole, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Collis, C. H. T., Mar. 13, '65. Corse, John M., Oct. 5, '64. Coulter, Richard, April 6, '65. Crawford, S. W., Aug. 1, '64. Cross, Nelson, Mar. 13, '65. Croxton, John T., Apiil 27, '65. Cruft, Charles, March 5, '65. Curtis, N. M., Mar. 13, '65. Cutler, Lys., Aug. 19, '64. Davies, Thos. A., July 11, '65. Dennis, Elias S., April 13, '65. Dennison, A. W., Mar. 31, '65. De Trobriand, P. R., Apr. 9,
'65.
Devens, Chas., April 3, '65. Devin, Thos. C., Mar. 13, '65. Doolittle, C. C., June 13, '65. Dornblazer, B., Mar. 13, '65. Duncan, Sam'l A., Mar. 13, '6.5* Duryee, Abram, Mar. 13, '65. Duval, Isaac H., Mar. 13, '65. Edwards, Oliver, April 5, '65. Egan, Thos. W., Oct. 27. '04. Ely, John, April 15, '65. Ewing, Hugh, Mar. 13, 1865. Ewing, Thos. Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Ferrero, Edward, Dec. 2, '64. Ferry, Orris S., May 23, '65. Fessenden, J. D., Mar. 13, '65. Fisk, Clinton B., Mar. 13, '65. Force, M. F., Mar. 13, '65. Foster, R. S., Mar. 31, '65. Fuller, John W., Mar. 13, '65. Geary, John W., Jan. 12, '65. Gilbert, Jas. J., Mar. 26, '65. Gbason, John H., Mar. 13, '65. Gooding, O. P., Mar. 13, '65. Gordon, Geo. H., April 9, '65. Graham, C. K., Mar. 13, '65. Grant, Lewis A., Oct. 19, '64. Greene, George S., Mar. 13, '65. Gregg, D. McM., Aug. 1, '64. Gregg, John I., Mar. 13, '65. Gregory, E. M., April 9, '66. Gresham, WT. Q., Mar. 13, '65. Griffin, S. G., April 2, '65. Grose, Wm., Aug. 15, '65.
Guss, Henry R., Mar. 13, '65. Gwyn, James, April 1, '65. Hamblin, J. E., April 5, '65. Hamlin, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65. Harris, T. *M., April 2, '65. Hartranft, John F., Mar. 25,
'65.
Hatch, John P., Mar. 13, '65. Hawley, Jos. R., Sept. 28, '65. Haves, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Hayes, Ruth. B., Mar. 13, '65. Hays, Alex., May 5, '65. Heath, H. H., Mar. 13, '65. Hill, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65. Hinks, Edw. W., Mar. 13, '65. Hovey, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65. Howe, Al. P., July 13, '65. Jackson, N. J., Mar. 13, '65. Jackson, R. H., Nov. 24, '65. Jourdan, Jas., Mar. 13, '65. Kane, Thos. L., Mar. 13, '65. Kcifer, J. W., April 9, '65. Kelly, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65. Kenly, John R., Mar. 13, '65. Ketcham, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Kiddoo, Jos. B., Sept. 4, '65. Kimball, Nathan, Feb. 1, '65. Kingsman, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. Lanman, J. G., Mar. 13, '65. Lawler, M. K., Mar. 13, '65. Long, Eli, Mar. 13, '65. Loring, Chas. G., July 17, '65. Lucas, Thos. J., Mar. 26, '65. Ludlow, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. McAllister, Rbt., Mar. 13, '65. McArthur, John, Dec. 15, '04. McCallum. D. C., Mar. 13, '65. McCook, E. M., Mar. 13, '65. McCook, E. S.. Mar. 13, '65. Mclvor, Jas. I'., Mar. 13, '65. Mclntosh, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. McKean, T. J., Mar. 13, '65. McMahon, M. T., Mar. 13, '65. McMillan, J. W., Mar. 5, '65. McMillan, W. L., Mar. 13, '65. McNeil, John, April 12, '65. McQuade, Jas., Mar. 13, '65. Mackenzie, R. S., Mar. 31, '65. Macy, Geo. A., April 9, '65. Mad'ill, Henry J., Mar. 13, '65. Marshall, E. G., Mar. 13. '65. Martindale, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Maynadier, H. E., Mar. 13, '65. Meredith, Sol., Aug. 14, '65. Miller, John F., Mar. 13, '65. Mindil, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Minty, R. H. G., Mar. 13, "65. Mitchell, J. G., Mar. 13, '65. Molineux, E. L.. Mar. 13, '65. Moore, M. F., Mar. 13, '63. Morgan, Jas. D., Mar. 19, '65. Morris. Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Morrow, H. A., Mar. 13, '65. Mulholland, St. C., Mar. 13, '65. Neil, Thos. H., Mar. 13, '65. Nye, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65. Oliver, John M., Mar. 13, '65. Opdyke, Emer., Nov. 30, '64. Osborn, Thos. O., Apr. 2, '65. Paine, Chas. J., Jan. 15, '65. Paine, Hal. E., Mar. 13, '65. Palmer, I. M., Mar. 13, '65. Parsons, L. B., Apr. 30, '65.
Patrick, M. R., Mar. 13, '65. Pearson, A. L., May 1, '65. Peck, Lewis M., Mar. 13, '65. Pierce, B. R., Mar. 13, '65. Pile, Wm. A., April 9. '65. Plaisted, H. M., Mar. 13, '65. Potter, Edw. E., Mar. 13, '65. Potts, B. F., March 13, '65. Powell, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Powers, Chas. J., Mar. 13, '65. Ramsey, John. Mar. 13, '65. Ransom, T. E. S., Sept. 1, '64. Rice, Eliot W., Mar. 13, '65. Runkle, Benj. P., Nov. 9, '65. Roberts, Benj. S., Mar. 13, '65. Robinson, J. C., June 27, '64. Robinson. J. S., Mar. 13, '65. Root, Adrian R., Mar. 13, '65. Ruger, Thos. I!., Nov. 30, '64. Salomon, Fred'k, Mar. 13, '65. Sanborn, John B., Feb. 10. '65. Saxton, Rufus, Jan. 12, '65. Scott, R. K., Dec. 5, '65. Sewell, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '65. Shaler, Alex., July 27, '65. Shanks, J. P. C., Mar. 13, '65. Sharpe, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65. Sibley, Henry H., Nov. 29, '65. Sickle, H. G'., Mar. 31, '65. Slack, Jas. R., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, G. C., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, T. K., Mar. 13, '65. Smyth, T. A., April 7, '65. Spooner, B. U., Mar. 13, '05. Sprague, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Stannard, Geo. J., Oct. 28, '64. Stevenson, J. I)., Mar. 13, '65. Stoughton. W. L., Mar. 13, '65. Sully. Alfred, Mar. 8, '65. Tliayer. John M., Mar. 13, '65. Thomas. H. G., Mar. 13, '65. Tibbetts. Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Tidball, John C.. April 2, '65. Tillison, Davis, Mar. 13, '05. Trowbridge, L. S., Mar. 13, '65. Tyler, E. B., Mar. 13, '65. Tyler, Robt. O., Aug. 1, '64. Tyndale, Hector, Mar. 13, '05. rilman, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65. T'nderwood, A. B., Aug. 13, '05. Van Cleve, H. P., Mar. 13, '05. Vandever, Wm., June 7, '65. Veatch, Jas. C., Mar. 20, '65. Voris, Alvin C., Nov. 15, '65. Wadsworth, Jas. S., May 6, '64. Walcutt, C, C., Mar. 13, '65. Ward, Wm. T., Feb. 24, '65. Warner Willard, Mar. 13, '65. Warren, FitzIL, Aug. 24, '65. Washburn, H. D., July 26, '05. Webster, Jos. D., Mar. 13, '65. Wells, Wm., Mar. 13, '05. West, Jas. R.. Jan. 4, '06. Wheaton, Frank, Oct. 19, '64. Wuitaker, W. C., Mar. 13, '65. White, Julius, Mar. 13, '65. Williams, A. S., Jan. 12, '65. Williamson, J. A., Mar. 13, '65. Willich, Aug., Oct. 21, '65.^ Wintlirop, Fred., April 1, '65. Wood, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Woods, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Zook, S. K., July 2, '64.
[304]
Frank Wheaten, Brigade and R:chard Arnold, Originally George S. Greene Commanded John G. Hazard, Originally
Division Commander in the Colonel of the 5th Regi- a Brigade at Antietam Major of the 1st Regi-
Army of the Potomac. ment, U. S. Artillery. and Gettysburg. ment of Light Artillery.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 26
RHODE ISLAND
(ABOVE AND TO LEFT)
TENNESSEE
(BELOW AND TO RIGHT)
William Hays, Brevetted for Gallantry on the Field.
Samuel P. Carter, Originally Colonel 2d Regiment.
James A. Cooper, Originally James G. Spears, Brevetted Robert Johnson, Originally William B. Campbell, Corn- Colonel of the 6th Brigadier-General in Colonel of the 1st missioned in 1862; Re- Regiment. 1862. Cavalry. signed in 1863.
*
NiS
V
V
»- *
-, ^
V
* < -;»- ^ ^
V - v **.
— v . x ^ " --- >^^
*,>. ^ jv
«
**.
•^.
-*. ^L ^k
-
I *
-Httum
Meagher, T. F., Feb. 3, '62. Meredith. S. A., Nov. 29, '62. Miller, Stephen, Oct. 26, '63. Mitchell, R. B., April 8, '62. Montgomery, W. R., May 17,
'61.
Morgan, Geo. W., Nov. 12, '61. Nagle, James, Sept. 10, '62. Naglee, H. M., Feb. 4, '62. Nickerson, F. S., Nov. 29, '62. Orme, Wm. W., Nov. 29, '62. Owens, Joshua T., Nov. 29, '62. Paine, Eleazer, Sept. 3, '61. Patterson, F. E., April 11, '62. Phelps, John S., July 19, '62. Phelps, John W., May 17, '61. Piatt, Abraham, April 28, '62. Plummer, J. B., Oct. 22, '61. Porter, Andrew, May 17, '61. Pratt, Calvin E., Sept. 10, '62. Quinby, Isaac F., Mar. 17, '62. Raum, Green B., Feb. 15, '6,5. Reid, Hugh T., Mar. 13, '63. Reilly, James W., July 30, '64. Revere, J. W., Oct. 25, '62. Rodman, Isaac P., April 28, '62. Ross, Leonard F., April 25, '62. Rowley, T. A., Nov. 29, '62. Rice, Americus V., May 31, '65. Rice, James C., Aug. 17, '63. Rice, Samuel A., Aug. 4, '63. Richardson, W. A., Sept. 3, '61. Rutherford, F. S., June 27, '64. Sanders, Wm. P., Oct. 18, '63. Scammon, E. P., Oct. 15, '62. Schimmelpfennig, Alex., Nov.
29, '62.
Schoepf, Albin, Sept. 30, '61. Seward, W. H., Jr., Sept. 13,
'64.
Shackelford, J. M., Jan. 2, '63. Shepard, Isaac F., Oct. 27, '63. Shepley, Geo. F., July 18, '62. Sherman, F. T., July 21, '65. Shields, James, Aug. 19, '61. Sill, Joshua W., July 16, '62. Slough, John B., Aug. 25, '62. Smith, G. A., Sept. 19, '62. Smith, Morgan L., July 16, '62. Smith, T. C. H., Nov. 29, '62. Smith, Wm. S., April 15, '62. Spears, James G., Mar. 5, '62. Spinola, F. B., June 8, '65. Sprague, John W., July 21, '64. Sprague, Wm., May 17, '61. Starkweather, J. C., July 17,
'63.
Stevenson, T. G., Mar. 14, '63. Stokes, James II., July 20, '65. Stolbrand, C. J., Feb. 18, '65. Stone, C. P., May 17, '61. Stoughton, E. H., Nov. 5, '62. Strong, Wm. K., Sept, 28, '61. Stuart, D., Nov. 29, '62. Stumbaugh, F. S., Nov. 29, '62. Sullivan, J. C., April 28, '62. Sweeney, T. W., Nov. 29, '62. Taylor, Geo. W., May 9, '62. Taylor, Nelson, Sept. 7, '62. Terrill, Wm. R., Sept. 9, '62. Terry, Henry D., July 17, '62. Thomas, Stephen, Feb. 1, '65. Thurston, C. M., Sept. 7, '61.
Todd, John B. S., Sept. 19, '65. Turchin, John B., July 17, '62. Tuttle, James M., June 9, '62. Tyler, Daniel, Mar. 13, '62. Van Allen, J. H., April 15, '62. Van Derveer, F., Oct. 4, "64. Van Wyck, C. H., Sept. 27, '65. Viele, Egbert L., Aug. 17, '61. Vincent, Strong, July 3, '63. Vinton. F. L., Sept. 19, '62. Vogdes, Israel, Nov. 29, '62. Von Steinwehr, Adolph, Oct.
12, '61.
Wade, M.S., Oct. 1, '61. Wagner, Geo. D., Nov. 29, '62. Wallace, W. H. L., Mar. 21, '62. Ward, John H. H., Oct. 4, '62. Weber, Max, April 28, '62. Weed, Stephen H., June 6, '63. Welsh, Thomas, Mar. 13, '63. Wild, Edw. A., April 24, '63. Williams, D. H., Nov. 29, '62. Williams Thos., Sept. 28, '61. Wistar, Isaac, Nov. 29, '62.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS
U. S. VOLUNTEERS
(By Brevet)
Abbott, Ira C., Mar. 13, '65. Abbott, J. C., Jan. 5, '65. Abert, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65. Acker, Geo. S., Mar. 13, '65. Adams, A. W., Mar. 13, '65. Adams, Chas. F., Mar. 13, '65. Adams, Chas. P., Mar. 13, '65. Adams, Chas. W., Feb. 13, '65. Adams, Robt. N., Mar. 13, '65. Adams, Will. A., Mar. 13, '65. Agnus, Felix, Mar. 13, '65. Albright, Chas., Mar. 7, '65. Alden, Alonzo, Jan. 15, '65. Allaire, A. J., June 28, '65. Allcock, Thos. R., Mar. 13, '65. Allen, Harrison, Mar. 13, '65. Allen, Thos. S., Mar. 13, '65. Ames, John W., Jan. 15, '65. Ames, William, Mar. 13, '65. Amory, Thos. J. C., Oct. 7, '64. Anderson, A. L., Mar. 13, '65. Anderson, J. F., April 2, '65. Anderson, W. B., Mar. 13, '65. Anthony, DeW. C., Mar. 13,
'65.
Applrton, J. F., Mar. 13, '65. Armstrong, S. C., Mar. 13, '65. Askew, Franklin, July 14, '65. Astor, John J., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Aukeny, Rollin V., Mar. 13, '65. Averill, John T., Oct. 18, '65. Avery, Mat. H., Mar. 13, '65. Babcock, W., Sept, 19, '65. Bailey, Silas M., Mar. 13, '65. Baker, James H., Mar. 13, '65. Balch, Joseph P., Mar. 13, '65. Baldey, George, Mar. 13, '65. Baldwin, Chas. P., April 1, '65. Baldwin, Wm. H., Aug. 22, '65. Ball, Wm. H., Oct. 19, '64. Ballier. John F., July 13, '64. Ballock, G. W., Mar. 13, '65. Bangs, Isaac S., Mar. 13, '65. Bankhead, H. C., April 1, '65.
Barber, G. M., Mar. 13, '65. Barnes, Charles, Sept. 28, '65. Barney, A. M., Mar. 11, '65. Barney, B. G., Mar. 13, '65. Barnett, James, Mar. 13, '65. Barrett, Theo. II., Mar. 13, '65. Barrett, W. W., Mar. 13, '65. Barstow, WTilson, April 2, '65. Barstow, S. F., Mar. 13, '65. Bartholomew, O. A., Mar. 13,
'65.
Bartlett, C. G., Mar. 13, '65. Barthtt, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65. Barton, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Bassett, Isaac C., Dec. 12. '64. Batchelder, R. N., Mar. 13. '05. Bates, Delavan, July 30, '64. Bates, Erastus N., Mar. 13, '65. Baxter, D. W. C., Mar. 13, '65. Beadis, John E., Mar. 13, '65. Beadle, W. H. H., Mar. 16,
'66.
Beaver, James A., Aug. 1, '64. Bedel, John, Jan. 5, '65. Beeeher, James C., Mar. 13, '65. Bell, John H., Nov. 30, '65. Bell, J. W., Feb. 13, '65. Bendix, John E., Mar. 13, '65. Benedict, Lewis, April 9, '64. Benjamin, W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Bennett, John E., April 6, '65. Bennett, T. W., Mar. 5, '65. Bennett, Wrm. T., May 25, '65. Bentley, R. H., Mar. 13, '65. Bentley, R. C., Mar. 13, '65. Benton, Jr., T. II., Dec. 15, '64. Berdan, Hiram, Mar. 13, '65. Bertram, Henry, Mar. 13, '65. Beveridge, J. L., Feb. 7, '65. Biddle, James, Mar. 13, '65. Biggs, Herman, Mar. 8, '65. Biggs, Jonathan, Mar. 13, '65. Biles, E. R., Mar. 13, '65. Bingham, H. II., April 9, '65. Bintliff, James, April 2, '65. Bishop, J. W., June 7, '65. Black, J. C., Mar. 13, '65. Blackman, A. M., Oct. 27, '64. Blair, C. W.. Feb. 13, '65. Blair, Louis J., Mar. 13, '65. Blair, W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Blaisdell, W., Jan. 23, '64. Blakeslee, E., Mar. 13, '65. Blanchard, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Blanden, L., Mar. 26, '65. Bloomfield, Ira J., Mar. 13, '65. Blunt, Asa P., Mar. 13, '65. Bodine, R. L., Mar. 13, '65. Bolingcr, H. C., Mar. 13, '65. Bolles, John A., July 17, '65. Bolton, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '65. Bond, John R., Mar. 13, '65. Bonham, Edw., Mar. 13, '65. Bought on, H., Mar. 11, '65. Bouton, Edw., Feb. 28, '65. Bowen, T. M., Feb. 13, '65. Bowerman, R. N., April 1, '65. Bowie, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Bowman, S. M., Mar. 13, '65. Bowyer, Eli, Mar. 13, '65. Boyd, Joseph F., Mar. 13, '65. Boynton, H. V. N., Mar. 13, '65.
Boynton, H., Mar. 13, '65. Bradshaw, R. C., Mar. 13, '65. Brady, T. J., Mar. 13, '65. Brailey, M. R., Mar. 13, '65. Brayton, C. R., Mar. 13, '65. Brewster, W. R., Dec. 2, '64. Brinkerhoff, R., Sept. 20, '65. Briscoe, Ja.«. C., Mar. 13, '65. Broadhead, T. F., Aug. 30, '62. Bronson, S., Sept. 28, '65. Browne, T. M., Mar. 13, '65. Browne, W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Brown, C. E., Mar. 13, '65. Brown, H. L., Sept. 3, '64. Brown, J. M., Mar. 13. '65. Brown, L. G., Mar. 13, '65. Brown, O., Jan. 6, '66. Brown, P. P., Mar. 13, "65. Brown, S. B., Jr., Mar. 13, "65. Brown, S. L., Mar. 13, '65. Brown, T. F., Mar. 13, "65. Brown, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Brownlow, J. P., Mar. 13, '65. Bruce, John, Mar. 13, '65. Brumback, J., Mar. 13, '65. Brush, D. H., Mar. 13, '65. Bukey, Van H., Mar. 13, '65. Burke, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Burling, G. C., Mar. 13, '65. Burnett, II. L., Mar. 13, '65. Busey, S. T., April 9, '65. Butler, T. H., Mar. 13, '65. Call is, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. Cameron, D., Mar. 13, '65. Cameron, Hugh, Mar. 13, '65. Campbell, C. J., Mar. 13, '65. Campbell, PI L., June 2, '65. Campbell, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Campbell, J. A., Mar. 13 '65. Candy, Charles, Mar. 13, '65. Capron, Horace, Feb. 13, "65. Carle, James, Mar. 13, "65. Carleton, C. A., Mar. 13, '65. Carman, Ezra A., Mar. 13, "65. Carnahan, R. H., Oct. 28, '65. Carruth, Sumner, April 2, '65. Carson, Chris., Mar. 13, '65. Case, Henry, Mar. 16, "65. Casement, J. S., Jan. 25, '65. Cassidy, A. L., Mar. 13, '65. Cavender, J. S., Mar. 13, '65. Chamberlain, S. E., Feb. 24,
'65.
Champion, T. E., Feb. 20, '65. Chickering, T. E.. Mar. 13, '65. Chipman, H. L., Mar. 13, '65. Chipman, N. P., Mar. 13, '65. Christ, B. C., Aug. 1, '64. Christensen, C. T., Mar. 13,
'65.
Christian. W. II., Mar. 13, '65. Churchill, M., Mar. 13, '65. Cilly, J. P., June 2. '(55. Cist, H. M., Mar. 13, '65. Clapp, D. E., Mar. 13/65. Clark, G. W., Mar. 13, '65. Clark, J. S., Mar. 13, '65. Clarke, Gideon, Mar. 13, '65. Clarke, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Clay, CeciJ, Mar. 13, '65. Clendenin, D. R., Feb. 20, '65. Clough, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Coates, B. F., Mar. 13, '65.
[308]
Edward S. Bragg Commanded the Lysander Cutler Commanded a Bri- Lucius Fairchild, Colonel of the 2d Iron Brigade. gade at Gettysburg. Regiment.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 28 WISCONSIN
Frederick Salomon, Orig- Jeremiah M. Rusk, Orig inally Colonel of the 9th inally Lieut.-Colonel Regiment of Infantry. of the 25th Regiment
Charles S. Hamilton Com- John C. Starkweather Com- Halbert K Paine Com manded a Division manded a Brigade manded a Division at Corinth at Perry ville. at Port Hudson.
a Di-
Coates, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Cobb, Amasa, Mar. 13, '65. Cobham, G. A., Jr., July 19, '64. Coburn, J., Mar. 13, '65. Cockerill, J. R., Mar. 13, '65. Coggswell, W., Dec. 15, '61. Coit, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. Colgrove, Silas, Aug. 4, '64. Collier, F. H., Mar. 13, '65. Colville, Jr., W., Mar. 3, '65. Comly, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Commager, H. S., Mar. 13, '65. Congdon. J. A., Mar. 13, '65. Conklin, J. T., Mar. 13, '65. Conrad, J., Mar. 13, '65. Cook, Edw. F., Mar. 13, '65. Coon, D. E., Mar. 8, '65. Corbin, H. C., Mar. 13, '65. Coughlin, John, April 9, '65. Cowan, B. R., Mar. 13, '65. Cox, John C., July 4, '63. Cox, Rob't C., April 2, '65. Cram, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '62. Cramer, F. L., Mar. 13, '65. Crandal, F. M., Oct. 24, '65. Crane, M. M., Mar. 13, '65. Cranor, Jonathan, Mar. 3, '65. Crawford, S. J., Mar. 13, '65. Crocker, J. S., Mar. 13, '65. Crowinshield, C., Mar. 13, '65. Cummings, Alex., Apr. 19, '65. Cummings, G. W., Mar. 13, '65. Cummins, J. E., Mar. 13, '65. Cunningham, J. A., Apr. 1, '65. Curly, Thos., Mar. 13, '65. Curtin, John J., Oct. 12, '64. Curtis, A. R., Mar. 13, '65. Curtis, G. S., Mar. 13, '65. Curtis, J. F., Mar. 13, '65. Curtis, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Curtiss, J. E., Mar. 13, '65. Cutcheon, B. M., Mar. 13, '65. Cutting, Wm., April 2, '65. Cutts, R. D., Mar. 13, '65. Daggett, A. S., Mar. 13, '65. Daggett, Rufus. Jan. 15, '65. Dana, E. L., July 26, '65. Darr, Francis, Mar. 13, '65. Dawson, A. R. Z., Nov. 21, '65. Davis, E. P., Oct. 19, '64. Davis, Hasbrook, Feb. 13, '65. Davis, H. G., Mar. 13, '65. Davis, W. W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Day, Henry M., Mar. 26, '65. Day, Nich* W., Mar. 13, '65. Dayton, Oscar V., Mar. 13, '65. Dawes, R. R., Mar. 18, '65. Deems, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. De Groat, C. H., Mar. 13, '65. De Hart, R. P., Mar. 13, '65. De Lacey, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. De Land, C. V., Mar. 13. '65. Dennis, John B., Mar. 13, '65. Devereux, A. F., Mar. 13, '65. De Witt, D. P., Mar. 13, '65. Dick, Geo. F., Mar. 13, '65. Dickerson, C. J., Mar. 13, '65. Dickey, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Dickinson, Jos., Mar. 13, '65. Dilworth, C. J.. Mar. 13, '65. Di-non, C. A. R., Mar. 13, '65. Diven, Alex. S., Aug. 30, '64. Diven, C. W., Mar. 25, '65.
Dixon, Wm. D., Mar. 13, '65. Doan, A. W., Mar. 13, '65. Dodd, Levi A., April 2, '65. Dodge, Geo. S., Jan. 15, '65. Donohue, M. T., Mar. 13, '65. Doster, Wm. E., Mar. 13. '65. Doubleday, U., Mar. 11, '65. Do>:, Ham. B., Feb. 13, '65. Drake, Francis M , Feb. 22, '65. Drake, Geo. B., Mar. 13, '65. Draper, Alonzo G., Oct. 28, '64. Draper, W. F., Mar. 13, '65. Drew, C. W., Mar. 13, '65. Ducat, A. C., Mar. 13, '65. Dudley, N. A. M., Jan. 19, '65. Dudley, Wrm. W., Mar. 13, '65. Ducr, John ()., July 12, '65. Duff, Wm. L., Mar. 13, '65. Dunham, T. H., Jr., Mar. 13,
'65.
Dunlap, H. C., Mar. 13, '62. Dunlap, James, Mar. 13, '65. Durvea, Hiram, Mar. 13, '65. Duryee, J. E., Mar. 13, '65. Dustin, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65. Dutton, A. H., May 16, '64. Dutton, E. F., Mar. 16, '65. Duval, Hiram F., Mar. 13, '65. Dye, Wm. McE., Mar. 13, '65. Dyer, Isaac, Mar. 13, '65. Eaton, Chas. G., Mar. 13, '65. Eaton, John, Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Eckert, Thos. T., Mar. 13, '65. Edgerton, A. J., Mar. 13, '65. Edmonds, J. C., Mar. 13, '65. Edwards, C. S., Mar. 13, '65. Eggleston, B. B., Mar. 13, '62. Eldridge, H. X., Mar. 13, '65. Elliott, I. H., Mar. 13, '65. Elliott, S. M., Mar. 13, '65. Ellis, A. VanHorn, July 2, '63. Ellis, Theo. G., Mar. 13, '65. Elstner, G. R., Aug. 8, '64. Elwell, J. J., Mar. 13, '65. Ely, Ralph, April 2, '65. Ely, Wm. C., April 13, '65. Engleman, A., Mar. 13, '65. Enochs, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65. Ent, W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Enyart, D. A., Mar. 13, '62. Erskine, Albert, Feb. 13, '65. Estes, L. G., Mar. 13, '65. Evans, George S., Mar. 13, '65. Everett, Charles, Mar. 13, '65. Fairchild, C., Mar. 13, '65. Fairchild, H. S., Mar. 13, '65. Fallows, Samuel, Oct. 24, '65. Fardella, Enrico, Mar. 13, '65. Farnum, J. E., Jan. 3, '66. Farnsworth, A., Sept. 27, '65. Farrar, B. G., Mar. 9, '65. Fearing, Benj. D., Dec. 2, '64. Fisher, Benj. F.. Mar. 13, '65. Fisher, Joseph W., Nov. 4, '65. Fisk, Henry C., April 6, '65. Fiske, Frank S., Mar. 13, '65. Fiske, Wm. O., Mar. 13, '65. Fitzsimmons, C., Mar. 13, '65. Flanigan, Mark, Mar. 13, '65. Fleming, R. E., Mar. 13, '64. Fletcher, T. C., Mar. 13, '65. Flood, Martin, Mar. 13, '65. Flynn, John, Mar. 13, '65.
Fonda, John G., June 28, '65. Ford, James H., Dec. 10, '65. Forsyth, Geo. A., Feb. 13, '65. Foster, Geo. P., Aug. 1, '64. Foster, John A., Sept. 28, '65. Foust, B. F., Mar. 13, '65. Fowler, Edw. B., Mar. 13, '65. Franchot, R., Mar. 13, '65. Francine, Louis R., July 2, '63. Frank, Paul, Mar. 13, '65. Frankle, Jones, Sept. 3, '65. Frazer, D., Mar. 13, '65. Frazer, John, Mar. 13, '65. Frederick, C. H., Mar. 13, '65. French, W. B., Mar. 13, '65. Frink, Henry A.. Oct. 4, '65. Frisbie, H. N., Mar. 13, '65. Fritz, Peter, Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Frizell, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Frohock, Wm. T., Mar. 13, '65. Fuller, H. W., Mar. 13, '65. Fullerton, J. S., Mar. 13, '65. Funke. Otto, Feb. 13, '65. Fyffe, Edw. P., Mar. 13, '65. Gage, Joseph S., June 15, '65. Gallagher, T. F., Mar. 13, '65. Gallup, Geo. W.. Mar. 13, '62. Gansevoort, H. S., June 24, '64. Gardiner, Alex., Sept. 19, '64. Garrard, Israel, June 20, '65. Garrard, Jephtha, Mar. 13, '65. Gates, Theo. B., Mar. 13, '65. Geddes, James L., June 5, '65. Gerhardt, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Gibson, H. G., Mar. 13, '65. Gibson, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65. Giesy, Henry H., May 28, '64. Gilbert, S. A., Mar. 13, '65. Gilchrist, C. A., Mar. 26, '65. Gile, Geo. W., May 6, '65. Ginty, Geo. C., Sept. 28, '65. Given, Josiah, Mar. 13, '65. Given, William, Mar. 13, '65. Glasgow, S. L., Dec. 19, '64. Gleason, Newell, Mar. 13, '65. Glenny, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Gobin, J. P. S., Mar. 13, '65. Goddard, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Godman, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Goff, Nathan, Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Goodell, A. A., Mar. 13, '65. Goodyear, E. D. S., April 2, '65. Gowan, Geo. W., April 2, '65. Graham, Harvey, July 25, '65. Graham, Samuel, Mar. 13, '65. Granger, Geo. F., June 12, '65. Greeley, Edwin S., Mar. 13, '65. Green, Wm. M., May 14, '64. Gregg, Wm. M., April 2, '65. Grier, D. P., Mar. 26, '65. Griffin. Dan'l F., Mar. 13, '65. Grindlay, James, Mar. 13, '65. Grosvenor. C. II., Mar. 13, '65. Grosvenor, T. W., Feb. 13, '65. Grover, Ira G., Mar. 13, '65. Grubb, E. Burd, Mar. 13, '65. Guiney, P. R., Mar. 13, '65. Guppy, Joshua J., Mar. 13, '65. Gurney, William, May 19, '65. Hall, Caldwell K., Mar. 13, '65. Hall, Cyrus, Mar. 13, '65. Hall, H. Seymour, Mar. 13, '65. Hall, Jas. A., Mar. 3, '65.
' Hall, James F., Feb. 24, '65. Hall, Jarius W., Mar. 13, '65. Hull, Rob't M., Mar. 13, '65. Hallowell, E. N., June 27, '65. Halpine, C. G., Mar. 13, '65. Hamilton, W. D., April 9, '65. Hamlin, Chas., Mar. 13, '65. Hammell, John S., Mar. 13, '65. Hammond, J. H., Oct. 31, '64. Hammond, John, Mar. 13, '65. Hanbreght, II. A., June 7, '65. llanna, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Hardenbergh, J. B., Mar. 13,
'65.
Harding, C., Jr , May 27, "65. Harlin, E. B., Mar. 13, '65. Harnden, Henn, Mar. 13, '65. Harriiuan, Sam'1, April 2, '65. Harriman, W., Mar. 13, '65. Harris, A. L., Mar. 13, '65. Harris, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65. Harris, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65. Harrison, Benj., Jan. 23, '65. Harrison, M. LaRue, Mar. 13,
'65.
Harrison, T. J., Jan. 31, '65. Hart, James H., Mar. 13, '65. Hart, O. H., Mar. 13, '65. Hartshorne, W. R., Mar. 13,
'65.
Hartsuff, Wm.. Jan. 24, '64. Hart well, A. S., Dec. 30, '64. Hartwell, C. A., Dec. 2, '65. Haskill, L. F., Mar. 13, '65. Hastings, R., Mar. 13, '65. Haughton, Nath'l, Mar. 13,
'65
Hawkes, Geo. P., Mar. 13, '<!5. Hawkins, I. R., Mar. 13, '65. Hawkins, R. ('., Mar. 13, '65. Hawley, William, Mar. 16, '65. Hayes, P. C., Mar. 13, '65. I layman, S. B., Mar. 13, '65. Hays, E. L., Jan. 12, '65. Hazard, J. G., Mar. 13, '65. Healy, R. W., Mar. 13, '65. Heath, Francis, Mar. 13, '65. Heath, Thomas T., Dec. 15, '64. Hedrick, J. M., Mar. 13, '65. Heine, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Heinrichs, Gus., Mar. 13, '65. Henderson, R. M.. Mar. 13, '65. Henderson, T. J., Nov. 30, '64. Hendrickson, J., Mar. 13, '65. Hennessey, J. A., Mar. 13, '65. Henry, Guy V., Oct. 28, '64. Henry, Wm. W., Mar. 7, '65. Herrick, W. F., May 13, '65. Herring, Chas. P., Mar. 13, '65. Hickenloopcr, A., Mar. 13, '65. Hill, Jonathan A.. April 9, '65. Hill, Sylvester G., Dec. 15, '64. Hillis, David B., Mar. 13, '65. Hillyer, W. S., Mar. 13, '65. Hitchcock. G. II., Mar. 13, '65. Hobart,ILC.,Jan. 12, '65. Hobson, Win., April 6, '65. Hoffman, H. C., Mar. 13, '65. Hoffman, Wm. J., Aug. 1, '64. Hoge, Geo. B., Mar. 13, '65. Hoge, George W., Mar. 13, '65. Ilolbrook, M. T., Mar. 13, '65. Ilolloway, E. S., Mar. 13, '65.
[310]
David H. Strother, of Virginia, Orig inally Colonel 3d West Virginia Cavalry.
Thomas M. Harris, of West Virginia,
Originally Colonel of the
10th Infantry.
Lawrence P. Graham, of Virginia,
Organized and Led a Cavalry
Brigade in the Army of
the Potomac.
FEDERAL GENERALS
No. 29
Henry Capehart, of West Virginia, Colonel John W. Davidson, of Virginia, Promoted for
1st Cavalry. WEST VIRGINIA the Capture of Little Rock.
James A. Hardie, of West
Virginia, Brevetted
for Distinguished
Services.
Robert C. Buchanan, of District of Colum bia, Brevetted for Gallantry.
Henry B. Carrington, Originally Colonel of the 18th West Vir ginia Infantry.
WEST VIRGINIA AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Richard H. Jackson, of District
of Columbia, Brevetted for
Gallantry During the War.
limnn
Holman, J. H., Mar. 13, '65. Holt, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65. Holter, M. J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Hooker, A. E., Mar. 13, '65. Horn, John W., Oct. 19, '64. Hotchkiss, C. T., Mar. 13, '65. Hough, John, March 13, '65. Houghtaling, Chas., Feb. 13,
'65.
Iloughton. M. B., Mar. 13, '65. Howard, Clias. II., Aug. 15, '65. Howe, John II., Mar. 13, '65. Howland, H. X., Mar. 13, '62. Howland, Joseph, Mar. 13, '65. Hoyt, ('has. H., Mar. 13, '65. Hoyt, Geo. H., Mar. 13, '65. Hoyt, Henry M., Mar. 13, '65. Hubbard, James, April 6, '65. Hubbard, L. P., Dec. 16, '64. Hubbard, T. H., June 30, '65. Hudnutt, Jos. O., Mar. 13, '65. Hudson, John G., Mar. 13, '65. Huey, Pennock, Mar. 13, '65. Hugunin, J. R., Mar. 13, '65. Humphrey, T. W., June 10, '65. Humphrey, Wm., Aug. 1, '64. Hunt, Lewis C., Mar. 13, '65. Hunter, M. C., Mar. 13. '65. Hurd, John R., Mar. 13. '65. Hurst, Samuel H., Mar. 13, '65. Hutchins, Rue P., Mar. 13, '65. Hutehinson, F. S., May 24, '65. Hyde, Thomas W., April 2, '65. Ingraham, T., Oct. 2, '65. Innes, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65. Irvine, Wm., March 13, '65. Irvin, William H., Mar. 13, '65. Ives, Brayton, March 13, '65. Jacobs, Ferris, Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Jackson, S. M., March 13, '64. Jackson, Jos. C., Mar. 13, '65. James, W. L., March 1, '66. Jardine, Edw., Nov. 2, '65. Jarvis, D wight, Jr., Mar. 13,
'65.
Jeffries, Noah L., Mar. 30, '65. Jenkins, H., Jr., March 13, '65. Jennison, S. P., March 13, '65. Johnson, Chas. A., Mar. 13, '65. Johnson, G. M. L., Mar. 13, '65. Johnson, J. M., March 13, '65. Johnson, Lewis, March 13, '65. Johnson, Robert, Mar. 13, '65. Johns, Thos. D., March 13, '65. Jones, J. I?., March 13, '65. Jones, Edward F., Mar. 13, '65. Jones, Fielder A., Mar. 13. '65. Jones, John S., March 13, '65. Jones, Samuel B., Mar. 31, '65. Jones, Theodore, Mar. 13, '65. Jones, Wells S., Mar. 13, '65. Jones, Wm. P., March 13, '65. Jordan, Thos. J., Feb. 25, '65. Judson, R. W., July 28, '66. Judson, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Karge, Jonah, March 13, '65. Keily, D. J., March 13, '65. Kellogg, John A., April 9, '65. Kelly, John H., Feb. 13, '65. Kennedy, R. P., March 13, '65. Kent, Loren, March 22, '65. Kennett, H. G., March 13, '65. Ketner, James, March 13, '65.
Kidd, James H., Mar. 13, '65. Kilgour, Wm. M., June 20, '65. Kimball, John W., Mar. 13, '65. Kimball, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Kimberly, R. L., Mar. 13, '65. King, Adam E., Mar. 13, '6.5. King, John F., March 13, '65. King, Wm. S., March 13, '65. Kingsbury, H. D., Mar. 10, '65. Kinney, T. J., March 26, '65. Kinsey, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Kirby, Byron, Sept. 6, '65. Kirby, Dennis T., Mar. 13, '65. Kirby, Isaac M., Jan. 12, '65. Kise, Reuben ('., Mar. 13, '65. Kitchell, Edward, Mar. 13, '65. Kitching, J. II., Aug. 1, '64. Kneffner, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65. Knefier, Fred'k, Mar. 13, '65. Knowles, Oliv. B., Mar. 13, '65. Kozlay, E. A., March 13, '65. Krez, Conrad, March 26, '65. Lafflin, Byron, March 13, '65. Lagow, C. B., March 13, '65. La Grange, O. H., Mar. 13, '65. La Motte, C. E., Mar. 13, '65. Landram, Wm. J., Mar. 13, '62. Lane, John Q.. March 13, '65. Langdon, E. Bassett, Mar. 13,
'65.
Lansing, H. S., Mar. 13, '65. Laselle, Wm. P., Mar. 13, '65. Laughlin, R. G., Mar. 13, '65. Latham, Geo. R., Mar. 13, '65. Lawrence, A. G., Mar. 25, '65. Lawrence, Wm. Henry, Mar.
13, '65. Lawrence, Wm. Hudson, Mar.
13, '65.
Leake, Jos. B., March 13, '65. Le Due, WTm. G., Mar. 13, '65. Lee, Horace C., Mar. 13, '65. Lee, Edward M., Mar. 13, '65. Lee, John C., March 13, '65. Lee, Wm. R., March 13, '65. Le Favour, II., March 13, '65. Le Gendre, C. W., Mar. 13, '65. Leech, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65. Leib, Herman, March 13, '65. Leiper, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65. Lewis, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65. Lewis. John R., March 13, '65. Lewis, W. D., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Lincoln, Wm. S., June 23, '65. Locke, Fred'k. T., April 1, '65. Lockman, J. T., March 13, '65. Loomis, Cyrus ().. June 20, '65. Lord, T. Ellery, Mar. 13, '65. Love, George M., Mar. 7, '65. Lovell, Fred'k S., Oct. 11, '65. Lindley, J. M., March 13, '65. Lippincott. C. E., Feb. 17, '65. Lippitt, Francis J., Mar. 3, '65. Lister, Fred. W., Mar. 13, '65. Litchfield, A. C., Mar. 13, '65. Littell, John S., Jan. 15, '65. Littlejohn, De Witt C., Mar.
13, '65.
Littlefield, M. S., Nov. 26, '65. Livingston, R. R., June 21, '65. Ludington, M. J., Mar. 13, '65. Ludlow, Benj. C., Oct. 28, '64. Lyle, Peter, Mar. 13, '65.
Lynian, Luke, Mar. 13, '65. Lynch, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65. Lynch, Wm. F., Jan. 31, '65. Lyon, Wm. P., Oct. 26, '65. McArthur, W. M., Mar. 13, '65. McBride, J. D., Mar. 13, '65. McCall, W. H. H., April 2, '65. McCalmont, A. B., Mar. 13, '65. McCIeery, Jas., Mar. 13, '65. McCleunen, M.R., April 2, '65. McClurg, A. C., Sept. 18, '65. McConihe, John, June 1, '64. McConihe, Sam., Mar. 13, '65. McConnell, H. K., Mar. 13, '65. McConnell, John, Mar. 13. '65. McCook, A. G., Mar. 13, '65. McCormick, Chas. C., Mar. 13,
'65.
McCoy, Daniel, Mar. 13, '65. McCoy, Rob't A., Mar. 13, '65. McCoy, Thos. F., April 1, '65. McCreary, D. B., Mar. 13, '65. McCrillis, L., Sept. 4, '64. McDougall, C. D., Feb. 25, '65. McEwen, Matt., Mar. 13, '65. McGarry, Ed., Mar. 13, '65. McGowan, J. E., Mar. 13, '65. McGregor, J. D., Mar. 13, "65. McGroarty, S. J., May 1, '65. McKenny, T. J., Mar. 13, '65. McKibbin, G. H., Dec. 2, '64. McLaren, R. N., Dec. 14, '65. McMahon, J., June 30, '65. McNary, Wm. II., Mar. 13, '65. McNaught, T. A., Aug. 4, '65. McNett, A. J., July 28, '66. McNulta, John, Mar. 13, '65. McQueen. A. G., Mar. 13, '65. McQueston, J. C., Mar. 13, '65. Mackey, A. J., Mar. 13, '65. Macauley, Dan., Mar. 13, '65. Magee, David W., Mar. 13, '65. Malloy, Adam G., Mar. 13, '65. Manderson, C. F., Mar. 13, '65. Mank, Wm. G., Mar. 13, '65. Mann, Orrin L., Mar. 13, '65. Manning, S. H., Mar. 13, '65. Mansfield, John, Mar. 13, '65. Markoe, John, Mar. 13, '65. Marple, Wm. W., Mar. 13, '65. Marshall, W7. R., Mar. 13, '65. Martin, Jas. S., Feb. 28, '65. Martin, John A., Mar. 13, '65. Martin, Wm. H., June 8, '65. Mason, Ed. C., June 3, '65. Mather, T. S., Sept. 28, '65. Matthews, J. A., April 2, '65. Matthews, Sol. S., Mar. 13, '65. Mattocks, C. P., Mar. 13, '65. Maxwell, N. J., April 18, '65. Maxwell, O. C., Mar. 13, '65. May, Dwight, Mar. 13, '65. Mehringer, John, Mar. 13, '65. Merrill, Lewis, Mar. 13, '65. Mersey, August, Mar. 13, '65. Messer, John, Mar. 13, '65. Meyers, Edw. S., Mar. 13, '65. Miehie, Peter S., Jan. 1, '65. Miller, A. O., Mar. 13, '65. Miller, Madison, Mar. 13, '65. Mills, Jas. K., Mar. 13, '65. Mintzer, Wm. M., Mar. 13, '65. Mitchell, G. M., Aug. 22, '65.
Mitchell, W. G., Mar. 13, '65. Mix, Elisha, Mar. 13, '65. Mizner, H. R., Mar. 13, '65. Mizner, John K., Mar. 13, '65. Moffitt, Stephen, Mar. 13, '65. Monroe, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '62. Montgomery, M., Mar. 13, '65. Moody, G., Jan. 12, '65. Moon, John C.. Nov. 21, '65. Moonlight, Thos., Feb. 13, '65. Moor, Augustus, Mar. 13, '65. Moore, David, Feb. 21, '65. Moore, Fred'k W., Mar. 26, '65. Moore, Jesse II., May 15, '65. Moore, Jon. B., Mar. 26, '65. Moore, Tim. C., Mar. 13, '65. Morehead, T. G., Mar. 13, '65. Morgan, G. N., Mar. 13, '65. Morgan, Thos. J., Mar. 13, 'C5. Morgan, Wm. H.. April 20, '65. Morgan, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Morrill, John, Mar. 13, '65. Morrison, D., Mar. 13, '65. Morrison, Jos. J., Mar. 13, '65. Morse, Henry B., Mar. 13, '65. Mott, Sam'fR., Mar. 13, '65. Mudgett, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65. Mulcahey, Thos., Mar. 13, '65. Mulford, J. E., July 4, '64. Mulligan, J. A.. July 23, '65. Mundee, Chas., April 2, '65. Murphy, John K., Mar. 13, '65. Murray, Benj. B., Mar. 13, '65. Murray, Edw., Mar. 13, '65. Murray, Ely H., Mar. 25, '65. Murray, John B.. Mar. 13, '65. Mussey, R. D., Mar. 13, '65. Myers, Geo. R., Mar. 13, '65. Nase, Adam, Mar. 13, '65. Neafie, Alfred, Mar. 13, '65. Neff, Andrew J., Mar. 13, '65. Neff, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Neide, Horace, Mar. 13, '65. Nettleton, A. B., Mar. 13, '62. Newbury, W. C.. Mar. 31, '65. Newport, R. M., Mar. 13, 65. Nichols, Geo. F., Mar. 13, '65. Nichols, Geo. S., Mar. 13, '65. Niles, Nat., Mar. 13, '65. Noble, John W., Mar. 13, 'Co. Noble, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Northcott, R. S., Mar. 13, '65. Norton, Chas. B., Mar. 13, '65. Noyes, Edw. F., Mar. 13, '65. Nugent, Robert, Mar. 13, '65. O'Beirne, J. R., Sept. 26, '65. O'Brien, Geo. M., Mar. 13, '65. O'Dowd, John. Mar. 13, '65. Oley, John II., Mar. 13, '65. Oliphant, S. I)., June 27, '65. Oliver, Paul A., Mar. 8, '65. Olmstead, W. A., April 9, '65. Ordway, Albert, Mar. 13, '65. Osband, E. D., Oct. 5, '64. Osborn, F. A., Mar. 13, '65. Otis, Calvin N., Mar. 13, '65. Otis, Elwell S., Mar. 13, '65. Otis, John L., Mar. 13, '65. Ozburn, Lyndorf, Mar. 13, '65. Packard, Jasper, Mar. 13, '65. Painter, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Palfrey, F. W., Mar. 13, '65. Palmer, Oliver H., Mar. 13, '65.
[312]
Walter P. Lane Led a Brigade William P. Hardeman Led Lawrence S. Ross Com- Walter H. Stevens, Chief of Cavalry West of the a Brigade in Magruder's manded a Brigade in Engineer, Army of
Mississippi. Army. Wheeler's Cavalry. Northern Virginia.
Elkanah Greer Commanded A. P. Bagby, Originally Colo- John A. Wharton Com-
the Reserve Corps, nel of the 7th Cav- manded a Division of
Trans- Mississippi airy; Later Led a WTheeler's Cavalry
Depaitment. Division. in Tennessee.
James E. Harrison Com manded a Brigade of Polignac's Division in Louisiana.
William H. Young Led a Brigade in the Army of Ten nessee.
John W. Whitfield Joseph L. Hogg Led Samuel Bell Maxcy,
Commanded a Bri- a Brigade in the Originally Colo-
gade of Texas Army of the nel of the 9th
Cavalry. Wrest. Infantry.
William Steele Led
a Brigade at
Shreveport
in 1864.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS— No. 21— TEXAS
Slnum (getterala
Palmer, Wm. J., Nov. 6, '(54. Partridge, F. W., Mar. 13, '65. Partridge, B. F., Mar. 31, '65. Parish, Chas. S., Mar. 13, '65. Parrott, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65. Park, Sidney W., Mar. 13, '65. Parkhurst, J. G., May 22, '65. Pardee, D. A., Mar. 13, '65. Pardee, Ario, Jr., Jan. 12, '65. Parry, Aug. C., Mar. 13, "65. Pattee, John, Mar. 13, '65. Pattee, Jos. B., April 9, '65. Patterson, R. F., Mar. 13, '65. Patterson, R. E., Mar. 13, '65. Patterson, J. N., Mar. 13, '65. Patten, H. L., Sept. 10, '64. Paul, Frank, Mar. 13, '65. Payne, Eugene B., Mar. 13, '65. Payne, Oliver H., Mar. 13, '65. Pearsall, Uri B., Mar. 13, '65. Pearson, Rbt. N., Mar. 13, '65. Pearce, John S., Mar. 13, '65. Pease, Phineas, Mar. 13, '65. Pease, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Peck, Frank H., Sept. 19, "65. Pennington, A. C. M., JulylO,
'65.
Perkins, H. W., Mar. 13, '65. PerLee, Sam'l R., Mar. iff, '65. Phelps, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65. Phelps, John E., Mar. 13, '65. Phelps, W., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Phillips, Jesse L., Mar. 13, '65. Pickett, Josiah, Mar. 13, '65. Pierson, Chas. L., Mar. 13, '65. Pierson, J. Fred., Mar. 13, '65. Pierson, Wm. S., Mar. 13, '65. Pierce, F. E., Mar. 13, '65. Pinckney, Jos. C., Mar. 13, '65. Pinto, F. E., Mar. 13, '64. Platner, John S., Mar. 13, '65. Pleasants, H., Mar. 13, '65. Pollock, S. M., Mar. 13, '65. Pomutz, Geo., Mar. 13, '65. Pope, Ed. M., Mar. 13, '65. Porter, Sam'l A., Mar. 13, '65. Post, P. Sidney, Dec. 16, '64. Potter, Carroll H., Mar. 13, '65. Powell, Eugene, Mar. 13, '65. Price, Francis, Mar. 13, '65. Price, W. R., Mar. 13, '65. Price, S. W., Mar. 13, '62. Price, Rich'd B., Mar. 13, '65. Pritchard, B. I)., May 10, '65. Proudfit, J. L., Mar. 13, '65. Pratt, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65. Preston, S. M., Dec. 30, '65. Prescott, Geo. L., June 18, '64. Prevost, C. M., Mar. 13, '65. Pugh, Isaac C., Mar. 10, '65. Pulford, John, Mar. 13, '65. Quincy, S. M., Mar. 13, '65. Randall, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Randol, A. M., June 24, '65. Ratliff, Rht. W., Mar. 13, '65. Raynor, Wm. H., Mar. 13, '65. Read, S. Tyler, Mar. 13, '65. Read, ThecY, Sept. 29, '64. Remick, D., Mar. 13, '65. Reno, M. A., Mar. 13, '65. Revere, W. R., Jr., Mar. 13,
'65. Revere, P. J., July 2, '65.
Reynolds, Jos. S., July 11, '65. Richardson, H., Mar. 13, "65. Richardson, W. P., Dec. 7, '64. Richmond, Lewis, Mar. 13, '65. Riggin, John, Mar. 13, '65. Rinaker, J. I., Mar. 13, '65. Ripley, Edw. H., Aug. 1, "64. Ripley, Theo. A., Mar. 13, '65. Risdo'n, O. C,, Mar. 13, '65. Ritchie, John, Feb. 21, '65. Robbins, W. R., Mar. 13, '65. Roberts, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65. Roberts, S. H., Oct. 28, '64. Robeson, W. P., Jr., April 1,
'65.
Robinson, G. D., Mar. 13, '65. Robinson, H. L., Mar. 13, '65. Robinson, M. S., Mar. 13, '65. Robinson, W. A., Mar. 13, '65. Robison, J. K., Mar. 13, '65. Rockwell, A. P., Mar. 13, '65. Rodgers, H., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Rodgers, H. C., Mar. 13. '65. Rogers, Jas. C., Mar. 13, '65. Rogers, George, Mar. 13, '65. Rogers, Geo. C., Mar. 13, '05. Rogers, Wm. F., Mar. 13, '65. Roome, Chas., Mar. 13, '65. Rose, Thos. E., July 22, '65. Ross, Samuel, April 13, '65. Ross, W. E. W., Mar. 11, '65. Rowett, Rich'd, Mar. 13, '65. Rowley, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Ruggles, Jas. M., Mar. 13, '65. Rusk, Jer. M., Mar. 13, '65. Rusling, Jas. F., Feb. 16, '66. Russell, Chas. S., July 30, '64. Russell, Hy. S., Mar. 13, '65. Rust, John D., Mar. 13, '65. Rust, H., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Rutherford, Allen, Mar. 13, '65. Rutherford, G. V., Mar. 13, '65. Rutherford, R. C., Mar. 13, '65. Sackett, Wm. H., June 10, '64. Salm Salm, F. P., April 13, '65. Salomon, C. E., Mar. 13, '65. Salomon, E. S., Mar. 13, '65. Sanborn, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Sanders, A. H., Mar. 13, '65. Sanders, H. T., April 19, '65. Sanderson, T. W7., Mar. 13, '65. Sanford, E. S., Mar. 13, '65. Sargent, H. B., Mar. 21, '64. Sawyer, Frank, Mar. 13, '65. Scates, W. B., Mar. 13, '65. Schmitt, Wm. A., Mar. 13, '65. Schneider, E. F., Mar. 13, '65. Schofield, H., Mar. 13, '65. Schofield, Geo. W., Jan. 26, "65. Schwenk, S. K., July 24, '65. Scribner, B. F., Aug. 8, '64. Scott, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Scott, Rufus, Mar. 13, '65. Seaver, Joel J., Mar. 13, '65. Seawall, Thos. D., Mar. 13, '65. Selfridge, J. L., Mar. 16, '65. Serrell, Edw. W., Mar. 13, '65. Sewall, F. D., July 21, '65. Shaffer, G. T., Mar. 13, '65. Shaffer, J. W., Mar. 13, '65. Shafter, Wm. R., Mar. 13, '65. Sharpe, Jacob, Mar. 13, '65. Shaurman, N., Mar. 13, '65.
Shaw, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Shedd, Warren, Mar. 13, '65. Sheets, Benj. F., Mar. 13, '65. Sheets, Josiah A., Mar. 13, '65. Sheldon, Chas. S., Mar. 13, "65. Sheldon, L. A., Mar. 13, '65. Shepherd, R. B., Mar. 13, "65. Sherwood, I. R., Feb. 27, '65. Sherwin, T., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Shoup, Sam'l. Mar. 13, '65. Shunk, David, Feb. 9, '65. Shurtleff, G. W., Mar. 13, '05. Sickles, II. F., Mar. 13, '05. Sigfried, J. K., Aug. 1, '04. Simpson, S. P., Mar. 13, '05. Sleven, P. S., Mar. 13, '65. Slocum, Willard, Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Arthur A., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Al. B., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Benj. F., Mar. 26, '65. Smith, Chas. E., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, E. W., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, F. C., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Geo. W., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Gus. A., Mar. 13, "65. Smith, Israel C., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, James, Mar. 13, '65. Smith, John C., June 20, '05. Smith, Jos. S., July 11, "65. Smith, Orlando, Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Orlow, Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Robert F., Mar. 13, '65. Smith, Rbt. W., Feb. 13, '05. Smith, Wm. J., July 16, '65. Sniper, Gustavus, Mar. 13, '65. Sowers, Edgar, Mar. 13, '65. Sprague, A. B. R., Mar. 13, '65. Sprague, Ezra T., June 20, '05. Spalding. George, Mar. 21, '05. Spaulding, Ira, April 9, '65. Spaulding, O. L., June 25, '05. Spencer, Geo. E., Mar. 13, '65. Spear, Ellis, Mar. 13, '65. Spear, Sam'l P., Mar. 13, '65. Spicely, Wm. T., Aug. 26, '05. Spurling, A. B., Mar. 26, '65. Spofford, John P., Mar. 13, '65. Stafford, Jacob A., Mar. 13, '65. Stager, Anson, Mar. 13, '65. Stagg, Peter, Mar. 30, '65. Stanley, Tim. L., Mar. 13, '65. Stanton, David L., April 1, '65. Starbird, I. W., Mar. 13, '65. Starring, F. A., Mar. 13, '65. Stedman, G. A., Jr., Aug. 5,
'64.
Stedman, Wm., Mar. 13, '65. Steers, Wm. II. P., Mar. 13, '65. Steiner, John A., Mar. 13, '65. Stephenson, L., Jr., Mar. 13,
'64.
Stevens, Aaron F., Dec. 8, '64. Stevens, A. A., Mar. 7, '65. Stevens, Hazard, April 2, '65. Stevenson, R. H., Mar. 13, '05. Stewart, Jas., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Stewart, W. S., Mar. 13, '65. Stewart, W'm. W., Mar. 13, '65. Stibbs, John H., Mar. 13, '65. Stiles, Israel N., Jan. 31, '64. Stockton, Jos., Mar. 13, '65. Stokes, Wm. B., Mar. 13, '65. Stone, Geo. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Stone, Roy, Sept. 7, '04. Stone, Wm. M., Mar. 13, '05. Stough, Wm., Mar. 13, "05. Stoughton, C. B., Mar. 13, '65. Stout, Alex. W., Mar. 13, '62. Stratton, F. A., Mar. 13, '65. Streight, Abel D., Mar. 13, '65. Strickland, S. A., Mar. 13. '65. Strong, Jas. ('., Mar. 13, '05. Strong, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65. Strong, Wm. E., Mar. 21, '05. Strother, D. II., Aug. 23, '05. Sumner, E. V., Jr., Mar. 13, '05. Sullivan, P. J., Mar. 13, '05. Sweet, Benj.. D<c. 20, '04. Sweitzer, J. B., Mar. 13, '65. Swift, Fred. W., Mar. 13, '05. Switzler, T. A., Mar. 13, '05. Sypher, J. Hale, Mar. 13, '05. Talbot, Thos. H., Mar. 13, '65. Talley, Wm. C., Mar. 13, '65. Tarbell, Jon., Mar. 13, '65. Taylor, Ezra, Feb. 13. '05. Taylor, J. F,., Mar. 13, '05. Taylor, John P., Aug. 4, '65. Taylor, Thos. T , Mar. 13, '('5. Tevis, W. Carroll, Mar. 13. '05. Tew. Geo. W., Mar. 13, '05. Thomas, De Witt C.. Mar. 13,
'65.
Thomas, M. T., Feb. 10, '05. Thomas, Samuel, Mar. 13, '05. Thompson, C. R., April 13, '65. Thompson, I)., Mar. 13, '05. Thompson, II. E., Mar. 13, '65. Thompson, J. I... Mar. 13, '05. Thompson, J. M., Mar. 13, '05. Thompson, R., Mar. 13, '65. Thompson, Wm., Mar. 13, '05. Thorp, Thos. J., Mar. 13, '65. Throop, Wm. A., Mai. 13, '65. Thruston, G. P., Mar. 13, '65. Thurston, W. H., Mar. 13, '65. Tilden, Chas. W., Mar. 13, '65. Tilghman, B. C., April 13, '05. Tillson, John, Mar, 10, "05. Tilton, Wm. S., Sept. 9, '64. Titus, Herbert B., Mar. 13, "65. Tompkins, C. H., Aug. 1, '64. Tourtelotte, J. E., Mar. 13, '65. Tracy, B. F., Mar. 13, "05. Trauernicht, T., Mar. 13, '05. Tremaine. H. E., Nov. 30, '65. Trotter, F. E., Mar. 13. "65. True, Jas. M., Mar. 6, '65. Truex, William S., April 2. '65. Tnimbull, M.M., Mar. 13/65. Turley, John A., Mar. 13, '65. Turner, Charhs, Mar. 20, '65. Van Antwerp, V., Feb. 13, '65. VanBuren, D. T., Mar. 13, '65. VanBuren, J. L., April 2, '65. VanBuren, T. B., Mar. 13, '65. Van Schrader, A., Mar. 13, '65. Varney, Geo., Mar. 13, '65. Van Petten, J. V., Mar. 13, '65. Van Shaak, G. W., Mar. 13, '65. Vail, Jacob G., Mar. 13, '65. Vail, Nicholas J., Mar. 13, '65. Vaughn, Sam'l K., Aug. 9, '65. Vickers, David, Mar. 13, '65. Vifquain, V., Mar. 13, "65. Von Ble.ssingh, L., Mar. 13, '65.
314]
Richard M. Gano Led a Bri- Matthew D. Ector Led a Richard Waterhouse Led Thomas Harrison Led a gade of Morgan's Brigade in the Army of a Brigade of Infantry Brigade in the Army of
Cavalry. Tennessee. and Cavalry. Tennessee.
Fdix IT. Robertson Led a
Brigade of Cavalry in the
Armv of Tennessee.
John C. Moore Led a Bri gade in the Army of the West.
John R. Baylor, Conspicuous Henry E. McCulloch, Texas in Operations in Texas and Brigade and District
New Mexico in 1861-62. Commander.
Louis T. Wigfall, Bearer of a Flag Thomas N. Waul. Colonel of Waul's of Truce at Fort Sumter. Texas Legion.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
—No. 22—
TEXAS (COXTINUKD)
Jerome B. Robertson Led a Brigade in Hood's Division.
<S?tu»rals
Von Egloffstein, F. W., Mar.
13, '65.
Von Vegesaek. K., Mar. 13, '65. Vreeland, M. J.. Mar. 13. 'Go. Wade. Jas. ¥., Feb. 13, '64. Wagner. Louis, Mar. 13. 'Go. Waite. Charles, April 2, '65. Waite. John M.. Feb. 13. '6.5. Wain wright. <'. S., Aug. 1, '64. Wainwright, W. 1'., Mar. 13,
'65.
Wal.-utt. ('. F., April 9, '65. Walker. I). S.. Mar. 13, '65. Walk, r, F. A., Mar. 31, '65. Walker. M. M.. Mar. 27, '65. Walker. Samuel, Mar. 13, '65. Walker. Thus. M.. July 5, '65. Wallace, M. R. M.. Mar. 13,
'65.
Waogelio, Hugo. Mar. 13, '65. Warner. I). B., Feb. 13, '65. Ward. Durbin. Oct. 18, '65. Wan I, Geo. II., Julv 2, '63. Ward, Henry ('., Nov. 29, '65. Ward, Lyniaii M., Mar. 13, '65. Warner, A. J.. Mar. 13, '65. Warner. Kdw. R.. April 9, '65. Warren. L. H.. Mar. 13, '65. Washburn, F., April 6, '65. Washbum, G. A., Mar. 13, '65.
Wass, Ansell D., Mar. 13, '65. Waters, L. H., June 18, '65. Weaver, Jas. B., Mar. 13, '03. Webber, Jules C., Mar. 13, '60. Webber, A. W., Mar. £6, '65. Weld, S. M., Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Welles. Geo. K., Mar. 13, '65. Wells. Geo. I)., Oft. 12, '64. Wells, Henrv H., June 3, '65. Wells, Milton, Mar. 13, '65. Went worth, M. F., Mar. 13,
'65.
Welsh, William, Mar. 13, '65. West, Edward W., Mar. 13, '65. West, Francis II., Mar. 13, '65. West, Geo. W., Dec. 2, '64. West, Henry R., July 13, '65. West, Robert M., April 1, '65. Wever, Clark R., Feb. 9, '65. Wheelock, Charles, Aug. 9, '64. Wherry, Win. M., April 2, '65. White,' Daniel, Mar. 13, '65. Whitaker, E. W., Mar. 13, '65. Whistler, J. N. G., Mar. 13, '65. Whitlx-ck, H. N., Mar. 13, '65. White, Carr B., Mar. 13, '65. White, David B.. Mar. 13, '65. White, Frank, Mar. 13, '65. White, Frank J., Mar. 13, '65. White, Harry. Mar. 2, '65.
Whittier, Chas. A., April 9, '65. Whittier, F. H., Mar. 13, '65. Whittlesey, C. H., Mar. 13, '65. Whittlesey, E., Mar. 13, '65. Whittlesey, H. M., Mar. 13,
'65.
Wilcox, Jas. A., Feb. 13, '65. Wilcox, John S., Mar. 13, '65. Wilder, John T., Aug. 7, '64. Wildes, Thos. F., Mar. 11, '65. Wildrick, A. ('., April 2, '65. Wiles, G. F., Mar. 13, '65. Wiley, Aquiln, Mar. 13, '65. Wiley, Dun'l D., Mar. 13, '65. Williams, A. W., Mar. 13, '65. Williams, Jas. M., July 13, '65. Williams, John. Mar. 13, '65. Williams, R., Mar. 13, '65. Williams, T. J., Sept. 22, '62. Willian, John. April 9, '65. Wilson, J. G., Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, James, Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, Lester S., Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, Thomas, Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, Win. T., Mar. 13, '65. Wilson, Wm., Nov. 13, '65. Winklor, Fred. C., June 15, '65. Winslow, Bradley, April 2, '65. Winslow, E. F., Dec. 12, '64. Winslow. R. E., Mar. 13, '65.
Wise, Geo. D., Mar 13, '65. Wisewell, M. N., Mar. 13, '65 Wister, L., Mar. 13, '65. Witcher, John S., Mar. 13, '65 Withington, W. II., Mar. 13
'65.
Wolfo, Edw. H., Mar. 13, '65 Wood, Oliver, Mar. 13, '65. Wood, Win. 1)., Mar. 13, '65. Woodall, Daniel, June 15, '65. Woodford, !S. L., May 12, '65 Woodhull, M. V. L., Mar. 1.'?
'65.
Woodward, O. S., Mar. 13, '65 Woolley, John, JVlar. 13, '65 Wormer, G. S., Mar. 13, '65. Wright, Ed., Mar. 13, '65. Wright, Elias, Jan. 15, '65. Wright, John G., Mar. 13, '65 Wright, Thos. F., Mar. 13, '65 Yates, Henry, Jr., Mar. 13, '65. Yeoman, S. B., Mar. 13, '65. Yorke, Louis E., Mar. 13, '65 Young, S. B. M., April 9, '65 Young, Thos. L., Mar. 13, '(>5 Zahm, Louis, Mar. 13, '62. Ziegler, Geo. M., Mar. 13, '65. /inn, Geo., April 6, '65. /ulick, Sam'l M., Mar. l.'J,
'65.
[316]
I). B. Harris, Colonel in the Armstead L. Long, Staff Of- John B. Floyd, in Command in William L. Jackson, Origi-
Engineer Corps; Chief En- ficer to Lee and His West Virginia in 18G1, la- nally Colonel of the
gineer at Charleston. Authorized Biographer. ter at Fort Donelson. 31st llegiment.
V * U
t
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 23 VIRGINIA
Albert G. Jenkins Led a Com- Daniel Ruggles Commanded
niand in Southwest Vir- a Division in General
ginia; Wounded at Breckin ridge's Army. Clovd's Mountain.
Camille J. Polignac, Defender
of the Red River Country,
Leading in manv
Battles.
Montgomery D. Corse Richard L. T. Beale Henry H. Walker Led Joseph R. Anderson Thomas Jordan, Beaure-
Battled Heroically at Led a Brigade in a Virginia Brigade Led a Brigade in gard's Chief of Staff;
Five Forks and Lee's Army. in Lee's Army. Lee's Army. Later Fought for
Petersburg. "Cuba Libre."
A FULL ROSTER COMPILED FROM THE OFFICIAL RECORDS
The Confederate titles below derive authority through verification by General Marcus J. Wright, for many years in charge of Confederate records at the United Stales War Department, Washington. Some ranks appropriate to high commands, and fully justi fied, were never legallv confirmed. In such cases, as those of Joseph Wheeler and John B. Gordon, General Wright has followed the strictest interpretation of the Confederate records below. As for the body of this History it has been thought best to employ the titles most commonly used, and found in the popular reference works. The highest rank attained is given in every case together with the date of the commission conferring such rank.
GENERALS REGULAR
Beauregard, P. G. T.( July 21
'61.
Bragg, Braxton, April 6, '62. Cooper, Samuel, May 16, '61. Johnston, A. S., May 30, '61. Johnston, J. E., July 4, '61. Lee, Robert E., June U, '61.
GENERAL PROVISIONAL ARMY Smith, E. Kirby, Feb. 1!), '(it.
GENERALS PROVISIONAL ARMY (With Temporary Ra?ik) Hood, John B., July 18, '64.
LIEUTENANT-GENERALS PROVISIONAL ARMY
Buckner, S. B., Sept. 20, '64. Ewell, Richard S., May 23, '63. Forrest, N. B., Feb. 28, '65. Hampton, Wade, Feb. 14, '65. Hardee, Win. J., Oct. 10, '62. Hill, Ambrose P., May 24, '63 Hill, Daniel H., July 11, '63. Holmes, T. H., Oct. 13, '62. Jackson, T. J., Oct. 10, '62. Lee, Stephen D., June 23, '64. Longstreet, James, Oct. 9, '62. Pemberton, J. C., Oct. 10, '62. Polk, Leonidas, Oct. 10, '62. Taylor, Richard, April 8, '64.
LIEUTENANT-GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY (With Temporary Rani:)
Anderson, R. H., May 31, '64. Early, Jubal A., May 31, '64. Stewart, A. P., June 23, '64.
MAJOR-GENERALS PROVISIONAL ARMY
Anderson, J. P., Feb. 17, '64. Bate, William B., Feb. 23, '64. Bowen, John S., May 25, '63.
Breckinridge, J. C., Apr. 14, '62
Butler, M. C., Sept. 19, '64.
Cheatham, B. F., Mar. 10, '62
Churchill, T. J., Mar. 17, '65
Crittenden, G. B., Nov. 9, '61
Cleburne, P. R., Dec. 13, '62.
Cobb, Howell, Sept. 9, '63.
Donelson, D. S., Jan. 17, '63.
Elzey, Arnold, Dec. 4, '62.
Fagan, James F., April 25, '64,
Field, Chas. W., Feb. 12, '64.
Forney, John II., Oct. 27, '62.
French, S. G., Aug. 31, '62.
Gardner, F., Dec. 13, '62.
Grimes, Bryan, Feb. la, '65.
Gordon, John B., May 14, '64.
Heth, Henry, Oct. 10, ''62.
Hindman, T. C., April 14, '62.
Hoke, Robert F., April 20, '64.
linger, Benj., Oct. 7, '61.
Johnson, B. R., May 21, '64.
Johnson, Edward, Feb. 28, '63. Jones, David R., Oct. 11, '62. Jones, Samuel, Mar. 10, '62. Kemper, J. L., Sept. 19, '64. Kershaw, J. B., May 18, '64. Lee, Fitzhugh, Aug. 3, '63. Lee, G. W. Custis, Oct. 20, '64. Lee, W. H. F., Apr. 23, '64. Loring, W. W., Feb. 17, '62. Lovell, Mansfield, Oct. 7, '61. McCown, John P., Mar. 10, '62. McLaws, L., May 23, '62. Magmder, J. B., Oct. 7, '61. Mahone, William, July 30, '64. Marmaduke, J. S., Mar. 17, '65. Martin, Will T., Nov. 10, '63. Maury, D. H., Nov. 4, '62. Polignac, C. J., April 8, '64. Pender, W. I)., May 27, '63. Pickett, George E., Oct. 10, '62. Price, Sterling, Mar. 6, '62. Ransom, R., Jr., May 26, '63. Rodes, Robert E., May 2, '63. Smith, G. W., Sept. 19, '61. Smith, Martin L., Nov. 4, '62. Smith, William, Aug. 12, '63. Stevenson, C. L.. Oct. 10, '62. Stuart, J. E. B., July 25, '62. Taylor, Richard, July 28, '62. Trimble, Isaac R., Jan. 17, '63. Twiggs, D. E., May 22, '61. Van Dorn, Earl, Sept. 19, '61. Walker, John G., Nov. 8 '62 Walker, W. H. T., May 23, '63. Wharton, John A., Nov. 10, '63. Wheeler, Joseph, Jan. 20, '64. Whiting, W. H. C., Apr. 22, '63. Withers, Jones M., April 6, '62. Wilcox, C. M., Aug. 3, '63.
MAJOR-GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY (With Temporary Rank) Allen, William W., Mar. 4, '65. Brown, John C., Aug. 4, '64. Clayton, Henry D., July 7, '64. Lomax, L. L., Aug. 10, '64. Ramseur, S. D., June 1, '64. Rosser, T. L., Nov. 1, '64. Walthall, E. C., July 6, '64. Wright, A. R., Nov. 26, '64. Young, P. M. B., Dec. 20, '64.
MAJOR-GENERAL
FOR SERVICE WITH VOLUN TEER TROOPS (With Temporary Rank) Gilmer, J. F., Aug. 25, '63.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY Adams, Daniel W., May 23, '62. Adams, John, Dec. 29, "'62. Adams, Wirt, Sept. 25, '63. Allen, Henry W., Aug. 19, '63. Anderson, G. B., June 9, '62. Anderson, J. R., Sept. 3, '61. Anderson, S. R., July 9, '61. Armistead, L. A., April 1, '62. Armstrong, F. C., April 20, '63. Anderson, G. T., Nov. 1, '62. Archer, James J., June 3, '62. Ashby. Turner, May 23, '62. Baker, Alpheus, Mar. 5, '64. Baker, L. S., July 23, '63. Baldwin, W. E., Sept. 19, '62. Barksdale, W., Aug. 12, '62. Barringer, Rufus, June 1, '64. Barton, Seth M., Mar. 11, '62. Battle, Ciillen A., Aug. 20, '63 Beall, W. N. R., April 11, '62 Beale, R. L. T., Jan. 6, '65. Bee, Barnard E., June 17, '61. Bee, Hamilton P., Mar. 4, 'C2 Bell, Tyree H., Feb. 28, '65. Benning, H. L., Jan. 17, '63. Boggs, William R., Nov. 1, '62. Bonham, M. L., April 23, '61. Blanchard, A. G., Sept. 21, '61. Buford, Abraham, Sept. 2, '62. Branch, L. O. B., Nov. 16, '61. Brandon, Wm. L., June 18, '64. Bratton, John, May 6, '64. Brevard, T. W7., Mar. 22, '65. Bryan, Goode, Aug. 29, '63. Cabell, Wm. A., Jan. 20, '63. Campbell, A. W., Mar. 1, '65. Cantey, James, Jan. 8, '63.
[318]
Capers, Ellison, Mar. 1, '65. Carroll, Wm. II., Oct. 26, '61. Chalmers, J. R., Feb. 13, '62. Chestnut, J., Jr., April 23, '64. Clark, Charles, May 22, '61. Clark, John B., Mar. 8, '64. Clanton, J. H., Nov. 16, '63.
Clingman, T. L., May 17, '62
Cobb, T. R. R., Nov. 1, '62.
Cockrell, F. M., July 18, '63.
Cocke, P. St. G., Oct. 21, '61.
Colston, R. E., Dec. 24, '61.
Cook, Philip, Aug. 5, '64.
Cooke, John R., Nov. 1, '62.
Cooper, D. H., May 2, '03.
Colquitt, A. H., Sept. 1, '62.
Corse, M. D., Nov. 1, '62.
Cosby, Geo. B., Jan. 20, '63.
dimming, Alfred, Oct. 29, '62.
Daniel, Junius, Sept. 1, '62.
Davidson, H. B., Aug. 18, '63.
Davis, Wm. G. M., Nov. 4, '62.
Davis, J. R., Sept. 15, '62.
Deas, Z. C., Dec. 13, '62.
De Lagnel, J. A., April 15, '62.
Deshler, James, July 28, '63.
Dibrell, Geo. G., July 26, '64.
Dockery, T. P., Aug. 10, '63.
Doles, George, Nov. 1, '62.
Drayton, T. F., Sept. 25, '61. Duke, Basil W., Sept. 15, '64. Duncan, J. K., Jan. 7, 62. Echols, John, April 16, '62. Ector, M. D., Aug. 23, '62. Evans, C. A., May 19, '64. Evans, Nathan G., Oct. 21, '61. Farney, W'm. H., Feb. 15, '65. Featherson, W. S., Mar. 4, '62. Ferguson, S. W., July 23, '63. Fincgan, Joseph, April 5, '62. Fin ley, Jesse J., Nov. 16, '63. Floyd, John B., May 23, '61. Forney, John H., Mar. 10, '62. Frazer, John W., May 19, '63. Frost, Daniel M., Mar. 3, '62. Gano, Rich. M., Mar. 17, '65. Gardner, \Vm. M., Nov. 14, '61.
jarland, Sam., Jr., May 23, '62.
jarnett, Rich. B., Nov. 14, '61.
jarnett, Robt. S., June 6, '61.
jarrott, I. W., May 28, '63.
Jartrell, Lucius J., Aug. 22, 'C4.
jary, Martin W., May 19, '64.
jatlin, Richard C., July 8, '61.
iholson, S. J., May 6, '64.
iist, States R., Mar. 20, '62.
JIadden, A. H., Sept. 30, '61.
Godwin, Arch. C., Aug. 5, '64.
rordon, James B., Sept. 28, '63.
^ovan, Dan'l C., Dec. 29, '63.
David A. \Veisinger, DC- Gabriel C. Wharton, in the Philip St. G. Cocke, First Patrick T. Moore, in Corn- fender of the Petersburg Shenandoah Valley Defender of Virginia, mand of Reserves De- Crater, in 1864. in 1861. fending Richmond.
Edwin G. Lee, On Special Service.
James 15. Terrell Led Pe-
gram's Old Brigade at
the Wilderness.
Robert H. Chilton, Lee's Adjutant-General.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 24 VIRGINIA
Seth M. Barton Led a George W. Randolph, Sec- William C. Wickham Fought Eppa Hunton Led a Bri-
Brigade in Lee's retary of War in Sheridan Before gade in Pickett's
Army. 1862. Richmond. Division.
(Ennfrtorat?
Gracie, Arch., Jr., Xov. 4, '63.
Gray, Henry, Mar. 17. '0.3.
(irayson, John B., Aug. 15, '01.
Green, Martin E., July 21, '62.
Green, Thomas. May 20. '63.
Greer, Elkanah, Oct. 8, '62.
Gregg, John, Aug. 29, '62
Gregg. Maxcy, Dec. 14, '61.
Griffith, Rich'.. Xov. 2. '61.
Hagood, Johnson, Julv 21/62.
Hanson. Roger \V., Dec. 13, '62.
Hank-man, W. P., Mar. 17/65.
Harris, Nat. H., Jan. 20, '64.
Harrison, J. E., Dec. 22, '64.
Hays, Harry T., July 25, '62.
Ha'tton. RolK-rt, May 23, '62.
Hawes, James M., Mar. 5, '62.
Hawthorne, A. T.. Fob, 18, '64.
Helm, Hen. H., Mar. 14. '62.
Hcbert, Louis. May 26, '62.
Hebert, Paul ()., Aug. 17, '61.
Higgins, Edward, Oct. 29, '63.
Hodge, Geo. B., Xov. 20, '63.
Hogg, Joseph L., Feb. 14, '62.
Hoke. Rok-rt F., Jan. 17, '63.
Hood, John B., Mar. 3, '62.
Huger, Benjamin. June 17, '61.
Humes, W. Y. ('., Xov. 16, '63.
Humphreys. B. G., Aug. 12, '63.
Hunton. Eppa, Aug. 9, '63. Iverson, Alfred. Xov. 1, '62. Jackson, Alfred E., Feb. 9, '63. Jackson, H. R., June 4, '61. Jackson, John K., Feb. 13, '62. Jackson, Wm. A., Dec. 19, '64. Jackson, Win. H., Dec. 29, '62. Jenkins, Albert G., Aug. 5, '62. Jenkins, Micah, July 22, '62. Johnston, R. D., Sept. 1, '63. Jones, John M., May 15, '63. Jones, John R., Jim- 23, '62. Jones, William E., Sept. 19, '62. Jordan, Thomas, April 14, '62. Kelly, John H.. Xov. 16, '63. Kirk'land, W. W., Aug. 29, '63. Lane, James H., Nov. 1, '62. Lane, Walter P., Mar. 17, '65. Law, Evander M., Oct. 3, '62. Lawton, Alex. R., April 13, '61. Ix-adlx-tter, D., Feb. 27, '62. Lee, Edwin G., Sept. 20, '64. Lewis, Joseph II., Sept. 30, '63. Liddell. St. J. R., July 12, '62. Little. Henry, April 16, '62. Logan, T. M.. Feb. 15, '65. Low-rev, Mark. P., Oct. 4, '63. Lowry. Robert, Feb. 4, '65. Lyon, Hylan B., June 14, '64. McCausland, J., May 18, '64. Mc( 'omb, Wm., June 30, '65. McCulloch, H. E., Mar. 14, '62. McCulIough, Ben., May 11, '61. McGowan, S., Jan. 17, '63. Mclntosh, James, Jan. 2t, '62. McXair, Evander, Xov. 4, '62. McRae, Daiidri.lge, Xov. 5, '62. Mackall, Wm. W., Feb. 27, '62. Major, James P., July 21, '63. Maney, George, April 16, '62. Manigault, A. M., April 26, '63. Marshall, II., Oct. 30, '61. Martin, James G., May 15, '62. Maxey. S. B., Mar. 4, '62.
Mercer. Hugh W., Oct. 29, '61.
Moody, Voung M., Mar. 4, '65.
Moore, John C., May 26, '62.
Moore, P. T., Sept. 20, '64.
Morgan, John H., Dec. 11, '62.
Morgan, John T., June 6, '63.
Mouton, Alfred, April 16, '62.
Xelson, Allison, Sept. 12, '62.
Xicholls, F. T., Oct. 14, '62.
O'Xeal, Ed. A., June 6, '63.
Parsons, M. M., Nov. 5, '62.
Paxton. E. F., Xov. 1, '61.
Peck, Wm. R., Feb. 18, '65.
Pegram, John, Nov. 7, '62.
Pendleton, W. X., Mar. 26, '62.
Pen-in, Abner, Sept. 10, '63.
Perry, Ed. A., Aug. 28, '62.
Perry, Wm. F., Feb. 21/65.
Pettigrew, J. J., Feb. 26, '62.
Pettus, E. W., Sept. 18, '63.
Pike, Albert, Aug. 15, '61.
Pillow, Gideon J., July 9, '61.
Polk, Lucius E., Dec. 13, '62.
Preston. William, April 14, '62.
Pryor, Roger A., April 16, '62.
Qiiarles, Wm. A., Aug. 25, '63.
Rains, G. J., Sept. 23, '61.
Rains, James E., Xov. 4, '62.
Randolph, G. W., Feb. 12, '62.
Ransom, M. W., June 13, '63.
Reynolds, A. W., Sept. 14, '63.
Richardson, R. V., Dec. 1, '63.
Rjpley, Roswell S., Aug. 15, '61.
Roberts, Wm. P., Feb. 21, '65.
Robertson, B. H., June 9, '62.
Robertson, J. B., Xov. 1, '62. Roddy, Philip I)., Aug. 3, '63. Roane, John S., Nov. 20, '62. Ross, Lawrence S., Dec. 21, '63. Ruggles, Danid, Aug. 9, '61. Rust, Albert. Mar. 4, '62. Scales, Alfred M., June 3, '63. Scott, T. M., May 10, '64. Scurry, Wm. R., Sept. 12, '62. Sears, Claudius W., Mar. 1, '64. Semmes, Paul J., Mar. 11, '62. Shelby, Joseph O., Dec. 15, '63. Shoup, Francis A., Sept. 12, '62. Sibley, H. H., June 17, '61. Simms, James P., Dec. 4, '64. Slack, William Y., April 12,'C2. Slaughter, J. E., Mar. 8, '62. Smith, James A., Sept. 30, '63. Smith, Preston, Oct. 27, '62. Smith, Wm. D., Mar. 7, '62. Stafford, Leroy A., Oct. 8, '63. Starke, Peter B., Nov. 4, '64. Starke, Wm. E., Aug. 6, '62. Steele, William, Sept. 12, '62. Sterling, A. M. W., Jan. 7, '62. Steuart, Geo. H., Mar. 6, '62. Stevens, C. II., Jan. 20, '64. Stovall, M. A., April 23, '63. Stralil, Otho P., July 28, '63. Taliafcrro, Wm. B., Mar. 4, '62. Tappan, James C., Nov. 5, '62. Taylor, T. H., Nov. 4, '62. Thomas, Allen, Feb. 4, '64. Thomas, Ed. L., Nov. 1, '62. Toombs, Rol>ert, July 19, '61. Tilghman, Lloyd, Oct. 18, '61. Tracy, Edward D., Aug. 16, '62. Trapier, James H., Oct. 21, '61.
Tucker, Wm. F., Mar. 1, '64.
Tyler, Robert C., Feb. 23, '64.
Vance, Robert B , Mar. 4, '63.
Vaughn, A. J., Jr., Nov. 18, '63.
Vaughn, J. C., Sept. 22, '62.
Villepigue, J. B., Mar. 13, '62.
Walker, H. H., July 1, '63.
AValker, James A., May 15, '63.
Walker, Leroy P., Sept. 17, '61.
Walker, L. M., April 11, '62.
Walker, Wm. S., Oct. 30, '62.
Waterhouse, R., Mar. 17, '65. Watie, Stand, May 6, '64. Waul, Thomas N., Sept. 18, '63. Wayne, Henry C., Dec. 16, '61. Weisiger, D. A., July 30, '64. Wharton, G. C., July 8, '63. Whitfield, John W., May 9, '63. Wickham, W. C., Sept. 1, '63. AVigfall, Louis T., Oct. 2, '61. Williams, John S., April 16,'62. Wilson, C, C,, Nov. 16, '63. Winder, Chas. S., Mar. 1, '62. Winder, John H., June 21, '61. Wise, Henry A., June 5, '61. Woffard, Wm. T., Jan. 17, '63. Wood, S. A. M., Jan. 7, '62. Wright, Marcus J., Dec. 13, '62. Zollicoffcr, Felix K., July 9/61.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS OF ARTILLERY
PROVISIONAL ARMY Alexander, Ed. P., Feb. 26, '64. Long, A. L., Sept. 21, '63. Walker, R. L., Feb. 18, '65.
BRIG ADIER-GENE R A L
(COMMISSARY GENERAL)
PROVISIONAL ARMY St. John, Isaac M., Feb. 16, '65.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS
( Special Appointments)
PROVISIONAL ARMY Imboden, John D., Jan. 28, '63. Johnson, Adam R., June 1, '64.
BRIGADIER-GENERALS
(Special)
PROVISIONAL ARMY Benton, Samuel, July 26, '64. Chambliss, J. R., Jr., Dec. 19,
'63.
Chilton, R. II., Oct. 20, '62. Connor, James, June 1, '64. Elliott, S., Jr., May 24, '64. Fry, Birkett D., May 24, '64. Gibson, R. L., Jan. 11, '64. Goggin, James M., Dec. 4, '64. Gorgas, Josiah, Nov. 10, '64. Granberry, H. B., Feb. 29, '64. Hodge, Geo. B., Aug. 2, '64. Leventhorpe, C., Feb. 3, '65. McRae, William, Nov. 4, '64. Northrop, L. B., Nov. 26, '64. Page, Richard L., Mar. 1, '64. Payne, Wm. H., Nov. 1, '64.
Posey, Carnot, Nov. 1, '62. Preston, John S., June 10, '64. Reynolds, D. H., Mar. 5, '64. Stevens, W. II., Aug. 28, '64. Terry, William, May 19, '64.
BRIGADIER-GEXERALS
PROVISIONAL ARMY (With Temporary Rank) Anderson, R. II., July 26, '64. Barry, John D., Aug. 3, '64. Brantly, Wm. F , July 26, '64. Browne, Wm. M., Nov. 11, '64. Bullock, Robert, Nov. 29, '64. Carter, John C., July 7, '64. Cox, William R., May 31. '64. Dubose, I). M., Xov. 16, '64. Dunnovant, John, Aug. 22, '64. Girardey, V. J. B., July 30, '64. Gordon, Geo. W., Aug. 15, '64 Harrison, T., Jan. 14. '65. Hill, Benjamin J., Nov. 30, '64. Holtzclaw, J. T.. July 7, '64. Johnson, B. T., June 28, '64. Johnson, G. D., July 26, '64. Kennedy, J. D., Dec. 22, '64. Lewis, Wm. G., May 31, '64. Lilley, Robt. D., May 31, '64. Miller, William, Aug. 2, '64. Palmer, Joseph B., Nov. 15, '64. Robertson, F. H., July 26, '64. Sanders, J. C. C., May 31, '64. Sharp, Jacob H., July 26, '64. Shelley, Chas. M., Sept. 17, '64. Smith, T. B., July 29, '61. Sorrel], G. Moxley, Oct. 27, '64. Ten-ill, James B.', May 31, '64. Terry, Wm. R., May 31, '64. Toon, Thomas F., May 31. '64. Wallace, Wm. II., Sept. 20, '64. York, Zebulon, May 31, '64. Young, Wm. H., Aug. 15, '64.
BRIGADIER-GEXERALS
FOR SERVICE WITH VOLUN TEER TROOPS (With Temporary Hank) Armstrong, F. C., Jan. 20, '('3. Dearing, James. April 29, '04. Thomas, Bryan M., Aug. 4, '64. The following were assigned to duty as general officers by Gen. E. Kirby Smith com manding the Trans-Mississippi Department, and served as sucli. Green, Cnllcn. Gordon, B. Frank. Harrison, G. P. J. Jackman, S. D. Lewis, Leven M. Maclay, Robt. P. Munford, Thomas T. Pearce. N. B. Randall, Horace.
Assigned to duty as briga dier-general by Major-Geueral Fitzhugh Lee and served as such though not appointed by the President or confirmed. Terrell, Alex. W., May 16, '65.
320 ]
Richard L. Page Commanded the Carter L. Stevenson, Active Division Henry A. Wise, Defender of liters- Defenses of Mobile Bay. Leader in the West. burg in 1864.
CONFEDERATE GENERALS
No. 25 VIRGINIA (CONTINUED)
William Terry Led a Brigade in James E. Slaughter, Inspector-Gen Lee's Army. eral of the Army of Tennessee.
John McCausland, Cavalry Leader in William H. Payne, Leader of the the Shenandoah Valley. Black Horse Cavalry.
Alexander W. Reynolds Led a Bri gade in the Army of Tennessee.
INDEX
READERS WILL BENEFIT BY A GLANCE AT THE FOLLOWING NOTE, WHICH IMPARTS SPECIAL MEANING TO THE REFERENCES THAT FOLLOW
Much time is usually lost in referring to an Index of a work as extended and replete with statements of fact as the PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY. The novel plan of these volumes, however, renders it possible for the reader to identify the nature of each reference, simply by remembering the distinctive character of the volume in question. For convenience, the titles of the ten volumes will now be repeated:
I. THE OPENING BATTLES
April, 18(51— July, 18(52
II. TWO YEARS OF GRIM WAR
August, 18(52— April, 1864
III. THE DECISIVE BATTLES April, 1804- May, 1865
IV. THE CAVALRY
V. FORTS AND ARTILLERY VI. THE NAVIES
VII. PRISONS AND HOSPITALS
VIII. SOLDIER LIFE— SECRET SERVICE
IX. POETRY AND ELOQUENCE
X. ARMIES AND LEADERS
Each volume number constitutes a characterization in itself. Thus, under the heading "Gettysburg" the reference to " II., 234", " clearly indicates the campaign narrative, since Volume II. is that one of the three volumes on BATTLES which covers the period between August, 1862, and April, 1864, thus including the days of July, 1863, that witnessed the great battle.
But the further reference to Gettysburg, "IV., 238" as clearly indicates a treatment of operations of the Cavalry, since IV. is the volume on CAVALRY. Again, the reference under this same heading, " V., 40," must indicate the treatment of the events at Gettysburg in which a part was played by the Artillery, since V. is the ARTILLERY volume.
Thus this History's classification of Civil War matters, volume by volume, has made it possible to present in the Index that follows a much greater number of items and references for the reader's convenience than has ever been the case pre viously in a work of this magnitude.
GENERAL OFFICERS. Any general officer, Union or Confederate, who served in the Civil War, not to be found in the Index that follows, can be placed as regards his full rank, name, and date of appointment by referring to the ROSTER immediately preceding.
BOLD FACE ARABIC FIGURES INDICATE ILLUSTRATIONS. The Roman numerals indicate the number of the volume. The Arabic figures in bold face type indicate pages on which photographs appear (text references are in ordinary Roman type). Thus, under Pleasonton, A., "IV., 237," means that there is an illustration.
A
"A Georgia Volunteer," M. A.
Townsend, IX., 276. "A Mos<aae," E. S. P. Ward, IX.,
144, 145, 14<>. "A. of P.," Headquarters, mail and
newspapers, VIII., 33. "A Second Review of the Grand
Army," F. Bret Harte, IX., 232. "A Soldier's Grave," John Albee.
IX.. 274, Abatis, V., 210. Abbeville, La., VII.. 240. Abbeville. Miss., III., 330. Abbey, H., IX., IDS. Abbot, H. L.: III., 18Ii; V., 51,
192.
Abbot, J. C., III., 327. Rbercrombie, J. J.: I., 28; sons of,
VIII., 192.
Aberdeen, Ark., I., 308. "About-Faced " Redoubt, Peters burg, Va., V., 49.
[D— 21] 2— Ed.
Aeeakeek Creek, Va., V., 280.
"Acceptation, " M. J. Preston, IX., 230, 2.31.
Adairsville, Ga., III., 112.
Adams, C. F.: I., 90; III., 94; V., 247; VI., 40; VIII., 135; eulogy on Gen. Lee by, IX., 38; oration by, IX., 122, 133.
Adams, D. W.: III., 340; X., 273.
Adams, H. A., VI., 19, 257.
Adams, .!.: II., 288; III., 204, 340; X., 157.
Adams, J. G. B., X., 296.
Adams, V. W., VIII., 167.
Adams, W.: III., 320; X., 277.
Adelaide, U. S. S., VI., 100.
Adrian, Mich.: Fourth Reg. or ganized in, VIII., 73.
A. D. Vance, C. S. S., VI., 21, 123, 124.
-1. D. Vtinrr, V. S. S.. III., :«2.
"After All," W. Winter, IX., 238, 241.
Aoawam, U. S. S., VI., 315.
Age: of Northern recruits, VIII., 190, 232; of various Federal offi cers, VIII., 193-196.
Agnew, C. R., VII., 226.
Aigburth,H.M.S.,Vl.,lW.
Aiken, A. M., VII., 113 seq.
Aiken, IS. C., III., 342.
Aiken, revenue cutter, VI., 82.
Aiken, U. S. S., VI., 268, 310.
Aiken house, near Petersburg, Va., III., 197.
Aiken Landing, on James River, Va.: VII., 102; prisoners ex changed at, 107; exchange point of prisoners, 109, 111, 113 seq.; mill near, 115.
Ainsworth, F. C.: statistics of, on Confederate prisoners, VII., 43; (i noted, VII., 50, 208.
"Ajax," Lee's charger, IV., 300.
Alabama: secedes, I., 346.
Alabama troops:
Cavalry: First, II., 334; Fourth, IV., 160.
Infantry: First, I., 352, 358; Third, losses at Malvern Hill, Va., X., 158; Fourth, I., 350; IV., 164; Fifth, I., 350; losses at Malvern Hill, Va., X., 158; Sixth, I., 350; losses at Seven Pines, Va., X., 158; Eighth, I., 88; Ninth, VII., 147; Tenth, L, 356; Eleventh, I., 334; losses at Glendale, Va., X., 158; Twelfth, losses at Fair Oaks, Va., X., 158; Fourteenth, X., 156; Sixteenth, I.. 356; Twenty-seventh, I., 356, 358; Fifty-first, II., 330.
Alabama, C. S. S.: III., 324; VI., 20 'seq., 36, 38, 287, 289, 293, 294, 296. 300; officers of, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 316, 320; IX., 340, 343, 346.
Alabama, U. S. S., III., 342.
Alabama Central Railroad, I., 213.
[323]
ALABAMA
INDEX
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC
"Alabama" Claims, VL, 122.
Alabama House, Stevenson, Ala., IX., 99.
Alabama River: fleet steaming up the, in war-time, IV., 139.
Alamosa, N. Mex., near Ft. Craig, I., 352.
Albatross, U. S. S., II., 210; VI., 817, 318.
Albee, J., IX., 274, 275.
Albemarle, C. S. S., III., 318, 33S; VI., 38, 87, 199, 203, 290, 320, 322.
Albemarle Sound, N. C., VI., 95, 115,263,268,312.
"Albert Sidney Johnston," K. B. Sherwood, IX., 92.
Alcorn, Lieut., I., 23; III., 177, 17S.
Alcott, L. M., VII., 385.
Alden, J., L, 227, 229; VI., 189; 190, 310.
Aldie, Va., II., 336; Confederate cavalrymen captured at, VII., 169.
Alexander the Great, I., 124, 129.
Alexander, B. S., V., 250.
Alexander, E. P., II., 346; V., 61; V., 72; VIII., 313, 318, 340.
Alexander, G. W., VII., 199; IX., 346.
Alexander, J. W., VII., 139.
Alexandria, La.: L, 74, 77; rapid i at, I., 74; III., 318; VI., 225, 227.
Alexandria, Tenn., IV., 144.
Alexandria, Va. : L, 74, 77, 148, 107, 258 seq., 346, 351; II., 39; Federal troops in, II., 43; hay wharf at, IV., 65, 66, 93; engines stored in, IV., 97; Delaware Kemper's Artillery Company, V., 60, 85, 90; stockade in street, V., 91, 102; VI., 27, 91, 93, 94, 96, 9S; Provost- Marshal destroying house at, VII., 189; Provost-Marshal's tent at.VII., 189; Mansion House Hos pital, VII., 233; Baptist Church Hospital, VII., 234; ChristChurch Hospital, VII., 234; churches and residences used us hospitals, VII., 234, 235; Friends' Meeting House Hospital, VII., 234; (J race- Church Hospital, VII., 234; Lyceum Hall Hospital, VII., 234; St. Paul Church Hospital, VII., 234; Claremont General Hospital, VII., 235; Grosvenor House Hos pital, VII., 235; King Street Hos pital, VII., 235; New Hallowell Hospital, VII., 235; Prince Street Hospital, VII., 235; convales cent camp at, VII., 276, 279, 287; Soldiers' Rest, VII., 331; convalescent camp at, VII., 333; Government bakeries, VIII., 38, 88; camp of the United States Eleventh Infantry, VIII., 222, 223; Provost- Marshal's office, VIII., 345; IX., 75; Soldiers' Cemetery, IX., 281; Old Christ Church, X., 53; boyhood home of Lee, V., 54.
Alexandria Falls, La.. VI., 320.
Alger, R. A., X., 296.
"Alien Enemies Act": arrests under, VII., 199, 204, 210.
"All Quiet Along the Potomac," IX., 143.
All Saints' Parish, S. C., VI., 322.
Allan, G. H., IX., 352.
Allan, H. L., VII., 125.
Allatoona, Ga., III., 216, 218; de fense of, VIII., 332.
Allatoona Hills, Ga., III., 114.
Allatoona Pass, Ga.: III., Ill, 112, 113, 122, 332; Federal fortifica tion at, V., 301 .
Alldridge, Master, C. S. N., VII., 123.
Allegheny, Pa.: V., 144; arsenal, V., 154.
Allen, A., VI., 312.
Allen, E. J., VIII., 276.
Allen, G. H., X., 292.
Allen, W., V., 170; X., 103.
Allen, W. W., X., 255.
Allen's Farm, Va., I., 332.
Allen's farmhouse, Va., I., 323.
Allsop, Mrs., III., 65.
AIlsop Farm, Va., III., 63.
"Almond Eye," horse of B. F. Butler. IV.'. 318.
Alpine, Ga., II., 274, 278.
Alton, Ills., prison, VII., 54 seq., 144.
Aharado, C. S. S., VI., 119.
[2D ED.
Alvord, C. A., II., 69.
Ambulance corps: VII., 297 seq.', N.Y. Fifty-seventh Inf., VII., 299.
Ambulances: of the Union Army taking part in the Grand Review, 1865, VII., 11; drill in the field, VII., 305; going to the front, VII., 309; types of, for the transpor tation "of wounded, VII., 310, repair shop at Washington, D. C., VII., 311; murderous two- wheeled and merciful four- wheeled, VII., 311; service, organization of, for transporta tion of wounded, VII., 312, 316; train of the engineer corps, Fal- inouth, Va., VII., 314, 315; train at Harewood Hospital, Washing ton, D. C., VII., 313; medi cal supply wagons "parked," 1864, VII., 313; at City Point, Va., VII., 313.
Amelia, ship, VI., 122.
Amelia Court House, Va.: III., 304, 309; V., 266; Lee's army at, VIII., 30; X., 72.
Amelia Springs, Va., III., 344; V., 268.
America, Oldest Church in, II., 351.
American slavery, IX., 252.
American Telegraph Co., VIII., 346.
American volunteer, as a soldier, X., 134.
Americanism of Southern army, VIII., 118, 123.
Ames, A.: IV., 197; with staff, VIII., 193, 190.
Ammen, J., X., 233.
Ammunition: 1 rain of Third Divison, IV., 217; Federal scarcity of, V., 136; Confederate, in proportion to Federals killed, V., 170; danger in use of, V., 172; used in the war, V., 172; breech-loading, V., 174; for field artillery, V., 176; Con federate solid shot and grape, V., 177; for rifled cannon, V., 184; Confederate supply of, V., 192.
Amusements in camp: VIII., 117, 124, 131.
Anacostia, U. S. S., VI., 95, 90, 97, 99, 308.
Anaridale, Va., L, 354.
Anderson, A., V., 295, 298.
Anderson, E. M., VI., 301.
Anderson, George B., X., 149.
Anderson, G. T., X., 263.
Anderson, G. W., III., 225 seq., 278, 284, 30(5, 330, 331, 332.
Anderson, G. W., Jr., VL, 241.
Anderson, J. P., L, 199, X., 261.
Anderson. J. H., X., 317.
Anderson, R.: family of, I., 85, 349; VL, 93, 322; IX., 40, 11, 42, 43, 333; X., 14.
Anderson, R. H.: II., 07, 324, 334, 344; III., 52, 53, 08, 86, 321, 328, 346; VIII., 191; X., 247, 250.
Anderson, Robert H., X., 127, 155.
Anderson, S. R., X., 297.
Anderson, W. G., III., 340.
Anderson's Cross Roads, Tenn., IV., 160.
Andersonville, Ga.: III., 138; VII., 40, 56 sey., (57, 72 stq.\ a prison at, VII., 74, 75; statistics of pris oners at, VII., 76, 78; rations supplied prisoners at, VII., 80; number of prisoners at, VII., 84 seq.; cemetery at, VII., 119; in terior of stockade, VII., 119; hunting roots for firewood at, VII., 129; issuing rations in, VII., 131; prison at, VII., 134 seq., 170 seq.; "Dead Line" at, VII., 175; huts built up, "Dead Line" at, VII., 177; interior of stockade at, VII., 177; burying the dead at, VII., 179.
Andrew, J. A., IX., 154.
Andrews, C. C., II., 343; X., 217.
Andrews, E. B., X., 23.
Andrews, G. L., X., 215.
Andrews, J. J.: VII., 21; executed as a spy, VIII., 277.
Andrews, S., VIII., 126.
Ann, British steamer, VI., 314.
Ann Maria, British schooner, VI., 316.
Annapolis, Md.: V., SO; naval academy at, VL, 50, 70; camp at, VII., 107; VIIL, 89.
Annapolis Junction, Md.: New York Seventh arrives at, VIIL, 07.
Anthony & Co., chemists, L, 31, 42, 44; III., 170.
Antietam, Md.: L, 53, 01, 02; view of battle field, L, 65, 132; churches, Lutheran and Dunker, in the battle area, II., 4; invasion of the North, to follow II., 55; Mumma's house at, II., 65; ar rangement of the two armies be fore the battle of, II., 05, 68; "Bloody Lane," II., 69; Dunker church, after the Federal as sault, II., 75; Lincoln's visit to camps around, II., 77; results of the battle, II., 78; moral effect of the battle of, 78, 176. 324; III., 49; IV., 87, 197, 229, 231 seq.; V., 21, 27, 35; Fed- oral artillery at, V., 36, 01, 62, 67, 202, 232; caring for wounded, VII., 12; wounded after, VII., 13, 219; wounded of. VII., 263; VIIL, 22; Sixth Vermont at, VIIL, 65, 99, 103, 229, 232, 236; bridge at, IX., 141; battles of, IX., 157, 161; Dunker Church after the battle, IX., 189: 196; Burnside's Bridge at, IX., 199; " Bloody Lane" at, IX.,201; "Again the work of Hell," IX., 201; battlefield, IX., 241; graves at, IX., 283; cemetery at, IX., 283; X., 122; losses at, X., 124, 142.
Antietam Creek: bridge over, L, 53, 64; II., 64; IV., 231; V., 232.
Apache Canon, N. Mex., L, 360.
Apalaehicola, Fla., V., 156.
Appendices: A., VII., 345; B, VII., 346; C, VII., 347; D, VII., 349.
Appomattox, Va.: signal tower at, L, 37; McLean house at, L, 85, 134: II., 11, 106; III., 294, 295, 316; IV., 23, 34, 50, 124, 258; campaign, IV., 212; V., 21, 54, 306; VIIL, 73, 126, 254; IX., 112, 124, 128, 155, 243, 247, 250, 257, 322; surrender at, X., 32.
Appomattox Court House, Va.: III., 20, 306, 312, 313, 315, 346; V., 270; IX., 127.
Appomattox Inn, Va., IX., 129.
Appomattox River, Va.: III., 297, 346; IV., 87; pontoon bridge across, V., 239, 202, 264, 260, 270; VL, 131, 143; hospital wharf at, VIL, 307; transport on, VIIL, 45.
Ap-jomattox Station, Va., III., 313.
Aqueduct Bridge, Va., V., 92, 102, 227.
Aquia Creek, Va.: II., 85, 104; V., 232, 278, 290; VL, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101; Confederate batter ies at, VL, 267, 308; VIL, 42; Pro- v -st Marshal at, VIL, 187; sup ply depots at, VIIL, 30; embark ing of troops at, VIIL, 37.
Aquia Creek Landing, Va., IX. ,145.
Aragn, U. S. S., the deck of, VIIL, 45.
Arbitrary arrests: some interesting examples of, VIL, 198, 200, 202; less frequent in the South than in the North, VIL, 199, 208, 210.
Archer, J. J., II., 241; IX., 223; X., 109.
Archer, schooner, VI. , 294.
Arqo, U. S. S., VIL, 307.
Ariel, British schooner, VI. , 316.
Aries, U. S. S., III., 342.
Arkansas: enlistment on both sides, VIIL, 103.
Arkansas troops: Confederate.
Infantry: First, L, 350; II., 342; Third, L, 350; Fourth, L, 350, 358; Fifth, L, 350; Thir teenth, L, 354; Fourteenth, L, 358; Fifteenth, L, 356, 358; Six teenth, L, 358; Seventeenth, L, 358; Nineteenth, L, 358; Twenty- first, L, 358; Twenty-second, L, 358.
Mounted Rifles: Second, L, 358.
Arkansas, C. S. S.: L, 183 seq., 228, 368; II., 190; VL, 224, 226, 316.
Arkansas Post, Ark.: II., 206; losses at, X., 142.
Arlington, Va.: L, 140, 1*4; cavalry station at, IV., 323; V., 21; regi mental bands of, VIIL, 233; Lee's home, IX., 125; cemetery at, IX., 281; X., 54; home of R. E. Lee, X., 57, 59.
Arlington Heights, Va.: L, 343; II., 54; III., 153; block house near
Aqueduct Bridge, X., 227; N V.
Seventh Inf. at, VIIL, 67, 87;
N. Y. Twelfth Inf. at, VIIL, 89,
100.
Armies of the Confederate States, • the losses of, X., 148, 239, 242 x< q. Armies, Confederate States:
Army of Central Kentucky, X., 258.
Army of East Tennessee, X., 25S.
Army of Eastern Kentucky, X., 254.
Army of the Kanawha, X., 254.
Army of Kentucky, V., 70; X., 258.
Army of Louisiana, X., 254.
Army of Middle Tennessee, X., 270.
Army of the Mississippi: L, 360; IL, 160 seq.; III., 320; V., 70; X., 260. 264, 200, 272, 276.
Army of Missouri, Xv 274.
Army of Mobile, X., 256.
Army of New Mexico, X., 254.
Army of Northern Virginia: L, 34", 82, 96, 298, 308; II., 80, 105, 100, 228, 231, 270, 322, 324, 334, 340, 342, 344, 346; III., 27, 34, 70, 104, 188, 288, 305, 306, 308, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 338, 346; Cavalry Corps, IV., 76 srq. : 84, 87, 92, 99, 108, 190, 253. 258, 277 seq.; V., 54, 170, 258, 306; VL, 212; VIL, 20, 72, 154, 233, 270; VIIL, 103, 107, 114, 124; Texas soldiers, VIIL, 129, 145, 103, 167, 236; losses of, VIIL, 244, 279, 289; IX., 121, 12-1, 148, 313, 331; X., 60, 110, 246, 248, 250.
Army of the Northwest, X., 242.
Army of the Peninsula, VIIL, 37'l ; X., 242.
Army of Pensacola, X., 250.
Army of the Potomac, X., 244.
Army of the Shenandoah. X., 240.
Army, Southwestern, X., 274.
Army of Tennessee: IL, 168, 276; IIL, 104, 130, 216, 252, 270. 318, 320, 322, 328, 330, 340, 344, 346, 348; IV., 273; V., 70; VIL, 249, 256 seq., 284, 351; VIIL, 32; IX., 244; X., 202, 204, 200, 208, 270.
Army of Trans-Mississippi De partment, III., 340; X., 274.
Army of Vicksburg, IL, 326.
Army of the West. X., 270.
Army of West Tennessee, IL,
148, 324; V., 70. Armies of the United States: the
losses of, X., 148, 164. Armies, United States:
Army of the Cumberland: IL, 166, 273, 274, 278, 290, 294, 295, 318, 328, 340, 342, 344, 346, 350; III., 104, 106, 112, 318, 320, 322, 326; IV., 254, 263; VIL, 37; medical directors of, VIL, 216, 338; VIIL, 32; IX., 99; X., 170. 172 srq.
Army of the Frontier: II., 326; X.', 184.
Army of Georgia: IIL, 222, 346; X., 162, 177, 182.
Army of the Gulf, X., 180, 236.
Army of the James: IIL, 14 set/.. 17, 87, 181, 280, 320, 324, 340; IV., 253, 329; X., 178.
Army of Kansas, IL, 324.
Army of the Mississippi: L, 302; IL, 144, 324; X., 174. 177.
Army of the Mountain Depart ment, X., 184.
Army of Ohio: cavalry of, L, 209, 300, 362; IL, 144, 326. 344, 340; IIL, 106, 31S, 320, 320, 346; VIIL, 32; X., 170, 172 xeq., 174.
Army of the Potomac: L, 34 .seq.; types of men of, before Chancellorsville, Va.,L, 58, 59, 63 seq., 159, 284, 298, 326, 330, 332, 338, 300, 300; IL,
20, 24. 40, 46, 56, 80, 82, 104, 106, 107, 114, 124, 232, 238, 240, 270, 296, 322, 324, 334, 342, 344, 346; IIL, 14, 17,
21, 29, 34, 72, 82, 104, 153, 180, 207, 280, 302, 318, 320, 322, 324, 330, 340, 344, 346; IV., 4, 31 seq., 39 seq., 45, 50 seq., 97, 99, 101, 118, 120, 122, 126; cavalry corps, IV., 137,
[3*4]
\RMY OF THE POTOMAC
INDEX
BATTEHY McALOON
Lrmy of the Potomac, II.,
Continued.
189 seq., 195, 203, 220, 223, 224, 233, 2-10, 242, 243, 258, 265, 299 seq., 324, 332 seq.; V., 22 seq., 2fj seq.; artillery of 18(54, V., 50, 94, 22S, 250; VII., 87, 216, 219, 233, 270; ambulance corps of, VII., 2i)7 «<•<;., 306; supplies for, VII., 307 seq.; VIII., 19, 22 seq. ; supplies of, VIII., 30; post office of, VIII., 33, 49; transportation by water, VlII., 50, 59; Sixth Vermont with, VIII., 05; New York Seventy- first Infantry with, VIII., 09, 80, 92; cook's with, VIII., 200; commissary headquarters of, VIII., 213, 202; scouts and guides of, VIII., 267, 271 seq., 281, 319, 353 seq., 364; IX., 61 63, 69, 7S, 133, 144, 185, 351; X., 166, 168. Army of the Shenandoah: III., IS" seq., 150, 107; IV., 256; Sixth Vermont with, VIII., 65; X., 177, 184.
Army of the Southwest, X., 176.
Arrnv of the Tennessee: II., 144,
292, 340; III., 19, 106, 134,
222, 318, 322, 326, 342, 345;
VII., 310; X., 108.
Army of Virginia: II., 18, 20, 40,
320, 322; IV., 324; V., 32 seq.;
VIII., 201; X., 174.
Army of West Tennessee: II., 148.
Army of Western Tennessee, I.,
360.
Army of West Virginia: III., 152, 322, 324, 320, 32S; X., 177, 178. Lrmies, Veteran, VIII., 221. trmistead, L., X., 151. LrmUtea:!, L. A., brigade, I., 360;
II., 261, 202,263, 324. Armories, Federal, V., 120. Lrmorv of Louisiana militia com pany, VIII., 143. Lrrnory Square Hospital: Wash ington, D. C., VII., 291, 293. Irms, variety of, VIII., 82. Lrms and ammunition, American
superiority of, V., 142. Lrms and equipment of Southern
army, VIII., 128, 130, 140. 'Arms blanche" (saber), or the rifle, a debated question in cav alry equipment, IX., 18, 19. Lrmstead, Western photographer,
IV., 145.
Irmstead, G., II., 151. Armstrong, F. C., II., 322, 324, 348;
X., 259.
Irmstrong, R. F., VI., 301. Armstrong Run, Va., bridge across,
I., 121.
krmy balloons, VIII., 309 seq. 'Army Bre.id," VIII., 39. Lrmy Corps. .See Corps, krrr.y, East and West, VIII., 104. irmy: photography, outfit and working of, I., 33, 35, 37, 39; Medical Museum, Washington, D. C., VII., 223, 348; medical offi cers, multiplicity of the duties of, VII., 216; surgeon, VII., 218-236; importance of efforts of, in war, VII., 218; instruments furnished by government to, VII., 232, 23;»; mail wagon, VIII., 35; with hos pital transports, VIII., 43. irmy Tug 4, U. S. S., VI., 21J1. irmy Tug 5, U. S. S., VI., 261. Arnold, L. C., X., 219. Arnold, Mayor of Savannah, IH.,237. Vrnold, R..IV..59; V.,20se<3.; X.,305. Vrnnld, S., VII., 205. \rwslook, V. S. S., L, 304; VI., 314. Vrrowsmith, C., II., 118; IX., 03. Vrsenals: Confederate, utilized by Federal authorities, V., 150, 156. \rsenals: United States, V., 120,
1211, 144; capacity of, V., 146. iVrthur, C. A., V., 97. \rthnrs Swamp, Va., III., 332. pLrticles of Surrender, I., 81. Artillery ammunition, V., 170. Artillery caissons, V., 140. vrtillery, chief of, V., 22, seq. Artillery, Confederate States: young artillerists of the Confederacy, 1803, L, 107; reserve, II., 324, 328; V., 50, seq.; composition of, V.,50-00; transportation of,V., 62; criticism of, V., 60; reserve, V., 66;
[2i> ED.]
reorganization of, V., 68 seq. ; in Bragg's army, V., 70; popularity of, in the South, VIII., 127, 150; in Department of North Caro lina, V., 70.
Artillery, United States: II., 17; V., 13, 18, seq.; guns in position, V., 13, 24, seq. ; organization of, V., 22, seq. ; at Cedar Mountain, V., 34, seq. ; heavy guns.V., 35, 52, 140; at Second Manassas, Va., V., 36; at Shiloh, Tenn., V., 44; at Petersburg, Va., V., 45, 54; British criticism, V., 54; Sherman's march, V., 50; at Fort Pulaski, Ga., V., 147; First Wisconsin, VIII., 248; First Ohio, VIII., 249.
Asboth, A. S., I., 358.
Asboth, A.,X.,217.
Ashbrook, Lieut., attempt to burn New York City, VIII., 302.
Ashby, T.: I., 352; IV., 76, 77, 98, 192, 104, 106, 108, 170, 172, 174, 177, seq.; X., 149.
"Ashby," J. R. Thompson, IX., 84.
Ashby's Gap, Va., III., 326.
Ashhurst, surgeon, VII., 226.
Ashland, Va., III., 82, 320, 322.
Ashley Station, Ark., III., 330.
Aspern, losses at, X., 140.
Assistant Quartermaster's office, VIII., 38.
Assistant surgeons: in the Union Army who became famous in after life, VII., 223.
Ast->r House. New York, X., 15,
Atchafalaya River, La., VI., 320.
Athens, Ala., III., 332.
Athens, Mo., I., 350.
Atkins, T., V., 29.
Atlanta, Ga.: I., 33; Peach Tree Street in. I., 56, 57, 94, 128, 129, 130; II., 313, 314; III., 11, 10, 32, 99-135; trenches before, III., 99; Potter House, ruins of, III., 127; pickets before, III., 129; Union and Confederate losses, III., 134; Fort D, III., 136; Fort No. 7, III., 136; train of refugees ready to leave, III., 212; railroad de pot, III., 213; ruins of railroad depot at, III., 214; ruins of bank at, III., 215; Union en gineers, orders to destroy pub lic buildings and public property only, at, III., 215; ruins of, IIL, 221; Ezra Church, III., 328, 33.). 345,347; IV., 241; V., 50, 100; arsenal at, V., 170; Fort N.O. 9, V., 173; Chevaux de Frise at, V., 197; picket fences to stop Sherman's attack, V., 199; Sher man's defenses before, V., 201, 210, 302; forts at, VIII., 25; campaign Federal food supply, VIII., 52; march to, VIII., 207, 210 seq.; Union pickets before, VIII., 215; making preparations for the march, VIII., 217; wagon trains leaving, VIII., 217; sol diers resting at, VIII., 219, 240, 252,259,340, 306; bomb-proofs at, VIII., 253; IX., 166; destruction of industries in, IX., 323; march from. IX., 109, 171; capture of, IX., 170; ruins in, IX., 323; X., 92.
Atlanta campaign, III., 99, 104, 217; X., 90.
Atlanta, C. S. S. II., 330; VI., 75, 171, 272, 318; officers of, VII., 123, 139.
Atlanta, U. S. S., VI., 38.
Atlanta Constitution, IX., 31, 36, 304, 332
Atlanta and West Point R. R., III., 330.
Atlantic and Western Railroad, II., 274.
Atlantic Monthli/, IX, 23, 33.
Atlee, Va., III., 82.
Atzerodt, Ga., VII., 205. Auburn, Ga., III., 326.
Auburn, Va.: Castle Murry at, IV., 92,243; band before headquarters, VIII.,, 235; Pleasonton's head quarters, VIII., 235. Augur, C. C., II., 320; III., 140;
X., 193; 230.
Augusta, Ga.: V., 150, 150, 102, 164, 166; powder mills and arsenal, at V., 170; Confederate powder works at, V., 183; ordnance works at, statistics of output, V., 189, 302; VIII., 70, 133; Clinch Rifles at, VIII., 139.
Augusta, Ark., II., 350.
Augusta, U. S. S., II., 330; VI., 314.
Auslinty, W. J., L, 241.
Austerlitz, losses at, X., 140.
Austin, E. F., X., 2.
Austin, pilot, VII., 139.
Austin, Ark., II., 342.
"Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,"
O. W. Holmes, IX., 33. Avary, M. L., Recollections of A.
H. Stephens, VI., 28. "Avengers," VIII., 91. Averell, W. D., cavalry, III., 324,
326, 332. Averell, W.W., I., 341; with staff, I.,
339; III., 148, 150; IV., 233, 244. Averell's raid in Western Virginia,
II., 342, in Southwestern Virginia,
II., 348.
Avery House, I., 32, 34. Averysboro, N C., III., 248, 344. Ayres, R, B., X., 221.
B
Babcock, J. C., VIII., 4, 263, 265. Babcock, O. E., I., 81; V., 1S7; IX., 113.
Babin, O., VIII., 169.
Bache, A. D., VI., 100, 115; VII., 330.
Bache, G. D., VI., 149.
Bache, G. M., VI., 221.
Bachelor Creek, N. C., II., 348.
Bachman, W. K., L, 103; IV., 232, 234.
Bachman, W. K. Mrs., I., 14.
Back River, Va., VI., 308.
Bacon, C., VII., 226.
Bacon, G., VI., 57.
Bacon Creek, Ky., II., 328; IV., 148, 156.
Badeau, A., IX., 113, 1 19; X., 49.
Bagby, A. P., X., 313.
Bahama, C. S. S., VI., 301.
Bahia, Brazil, Bay of S..n Salva dor, VI., 322.
Bailey, G. T., I., 295.
Bailey, J., I., 74, 76, 77; wonderful dam built by, I., 78, 79; VI., 227, 230, 231, 234.
Bailey, J. E., VIII., 289.
Bailey, T., I., 227, 232; VI., 51, 120, 190, 198.
Bainbridge, U. S. S., VI., 320.
Baird, A., II., 306; IX., 115.
Baker, E. D., L, 354; VIII., 102.
Baker, L. C., IV., 200, 202, 329; VIII., 2^-0, 282.
Baker, L. S., X., 281.
Baker's Creek, Miss., I., 191.
Balaklava, Crimea, Russia, II., 81.
Baldwin, B. G., V., 170.
Baldwin, W. E., X., 275.
"Baldy," horse of Gen'l Meade, IV., '295, 312.
Ballantyne, W., VII., 17.
Balloon "Bryan," VIII., 371.
Balloon "Constitution," Fair Oaks, Va., VIII., 375; 3SO.
Balloon "Intrepid." Fair Oaks, Va., VIII., 375, 37X seq., 379.
Balloon "Washington," Mechanics- ville, Va., VIII., 378.
Balloon Camp, Gaines Hill, Va., VIII., 373.
Balloons, Army: VIII., 369, 371, 373, 375, 377, 381.
Ball's Bluff, Va.: L, 352; V., 132; VII., 162, 163;VIIL, 102, 104, 340.
Ball's Cross Roads, Va., I., 350.
Baltic, U. S. S., VI., 93.
Baltimore, Mrl.: Mass. Sixth Inf. at tacked In, L, 06; II., 64; VI., 158; riots, VlL, 198; spies escane from, VIII., 26; newspapers, VIII., 33; mob fights Sixth Mass. Inf., VIII., 63; secession emblems openly worn on street, VIII., 70; Sixth Mass. Inf. battling through streets of, VIII., 72, 282, 288.
Baltimore, U. S. S., VI., 135, 30S.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, V., 94.
Baltimore Turnnike, Md., V., 94.
Bancroft, G., VI., 41, 67.
Bands: VIII., 92; in Confederate army, VIII., 109, 122; of First Indiana Heavy art., VIII., 197, 233, 235; (see also "Music," "Drummer bovs," "Buglers.")
Bangor, Me., VIL, 194.
Bangs, G. II., VIII., 263..
Bankhead, J. P., VI., 316.
Banks, N. P.: I., 74, 121, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 310, 304, 365; II.,
14, 20, 22, 26, 28, 32, 208, 213, 216, 224, 220, 320, 332, 340, 352; III., 25, 32; IV., 102, 135, 200; V., 26, seq., 228; VI., 227, 229, 234; VII., 245; VIII., 128; IX., 87; X., 177, ISO.
Banks's Ford, Va., II., 128.
Bannon, D., VII., 318.
Baptist Church, Alexandria, Va., VII., 234.
Barbee's Cross Roads, Va., II., 326.
Barber's Place, Fla., II., 350.
Harbour sand batteries, Pensacola, Fla., VIII., 121.
Barboursville, Ky., L, 352.
Bardstown, Ky., IV., 150, 152.
Barksdale, W.', X., 151.
Barker, A. S., II., 167.
Barlow, F. C.: II., 72, 237; III., 87, 201; X., 192.
Barlow, J. W.. I., 287.
Barnard, G. M., government pho tographer, I., 33, 42.
Barnard, J. G.: III., 157; V., 100, 195, 230, 231; VI., 100, 115;X.,49.
Barnes, J.: L, 10, 226; II., 7, 10, 234,255, 324; III., 12, 350; VI., 236; VII., 63.
Barnes, J. K., VII., 52, 77, 149, 224, 348.
Barnes, J. S., VI., 127.
Barnett, Mr., X., 19.
Harriett's Ford, Va., Ill,, 30.
Barney, J. N., VI., 102.
Barns, J., IV., 329.
Barnum, II. A., X., 221.
Baron de Kalb, U. S. S. 'formerly the St. Louis), I., 187, 223; VI., 318; IX., 271.
Barrancas Fort, Fla. (sec also Fort Barrancas), I., 4, 8i».
Barren Fork, Ind. Ter., II., 34S.
Barrett, F. H., IIL, 346.
Barringer, R., X., 281.
Barron, S., VI., 102.
Barry, J. D., X., 281.
Barry, Col. of Miss. Ninth Inf., L, 97.
Barry, W. F., L, 117; V., 22 seq.; X., 91.
Bart, C., VIII., 363.
Bartholow, R., VIL, 226.
Bartlett, J. J., X., 221.
Hartlctt. W. F., X., 213.
Bartlett's Mills, Va., II., 340.
Barton, Clara, VIL, 339.
Barton, R., VIII., 120.
Barton, S. M., X., 319.
Bartow, F. S., X., 147.
"Bastion Fort." II., 215.
Bat, U S. S., III., 183; VI., 124.
Bate, W. B., II., 308; IIL, 340; VIL, 264, 200; X., 127.
Bates, D., headquarters, Brandy Station, Va., VIL, 309.
Bates, D. H., VIIL, 109, 342, 346, seq., 301.
Bates, E., X., 12.
Bath, Va., L, 356.
"Bathing in stream," VIIL, 209.
Baton Rouge, La.: L, 25, 31, 42, 44, 93, 183, 231, 233, 307; II., 9, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, ISO, 190, 19S, 208, 210, 250, 320, 332; Federal camps at. II., 132; IV., 117, 130, 132, 133, 135, 179; V., 156, 100: VI., 202, 204, 226, 316; VIL, 117; Federal wounded at, VIL, 263; VIIL, 47, 70: Wiscon sin First Light Art.. VIIL, 248; ruins in. VIIL, 297; Indiana First Heavy Art., VIIL, 399; Arsenal grounds at, 299; camp in front of Methodist Church, VIIL, 301; camp near penitenti ary, 301; arsenal, IX., 246 seq.; barracks, IX., 285.
Batteries: Confederate distribu tion — 1862; V., 04 seq.
Batteries, U. S., number of, V., 26
Battery Bee, S. C., II., 332.
Battery Brooke, Va., IIL, 96; V., 315.
Battery Brown, S. C.: V., 110; on 2d parallel against Battery Wag ner, S. C., V., 113.
Battery Buchanan, VI., 250.
Battery Chat field, S. C., V., 110, 117.
Battery Dantzler, Va.: L, 119; IIL, 93, 97; V., 243; VI., 131, 145, 315.
Battery Gregg, S. C., IX., 51.
Battery Hays, S. C., V., 112.
Battery McAloon, Tenn., II., 295.
[325]
rvnw BOWIE
BATTERY MAGRIDEII
.> •}?<•>. TtofopU- W Vfl III 342 ning at Pensacola, VI., 19; steam
Battery M«ruder. Yorktown. Va., 23« wj,, 362: II.. 38. 142 332 g^er J W Va, HI , 33(}; ^ ^ Ry ,e
V 179. Ill, '.H , Vir ";• ono v v.i ii'"» -794 WR effectiveness of, in 1S61-2, VI., 26;
Batted Meade S. C, Parrotf. 324 .42, V ,0, 209. V M U. --£ **• m _ 59; ^ f gn , yi,33; final com-
nil ii" in. V., 115. 61. W, HI'. -'"• •.;-.',. VTT XI 207' pleteness of, VI., 34; completed
B.% X,.m»-r 1. Yorktown. Va.. 26 , 262; VI 124 2,2. VII £ 207 y ^ ^ Ff> j^-
VIII., -117. ,V y.1., Vv ,^ i-i 4< V> Mo Bevil's Bridge, Va., V., 264, 266. value of vessels raptured or de-
Battery Number 4. Va. . I, to?. 29 . .£,2 IX ,4 43 , 4 J. Jo. . J.>, " K^ gtroyed by, VI., 40; viewed from
Battery Powell, Corinth, Mi».. II., 3.»2; X., 4, f41, -44. Bickf'ord W 1! I., 19. dramatic standpoint, VI., 40; first
154." Beauregard Fort. < . (see a No gj^i, nJ IX III., 338; X., M»- Confederate vessel to run, VI.,
Battorv Reno. S. C, V , 112. rortBeauregard,s£.),I,3o4 3o7. gdweU^U. U , ill- • ?. m thp p()t(miac yl «,2 lm.
Battery Reynolds. S.C..V,110, 113. Heaver. . . A X ,. Ml. crossing I , «11. strengthened by rapture of Fort
, Kot.mett. Connth. Mi*... k. * ''•• «- -J-b- Hi ' iV.v mi Fla I., 91. Royal, VI, 104,1 10 «eg.; squadron
II.. 140. 145, 153. n™ver ( reek Md IV., V>. gayou, ^M , , commanders of, VI, 120,125,126,
Battery ilodgcrs. Va.. V.. So. 102. Beaver ggjggfc V., I, 324. Q Big Beaver C.reek, ^, ^, ^ 200 Confederate
181. i Vr-T VT ir< 104 attempts to raise, VI., 272, 273;
Battery ROKMWM, a C.: V.. 110, , F. (^ l.. . vi, l M. i • n ]si) VIII., 54; responsible for Confed-
E'warjt^iai I^S&SS^S^L. 2%§g«t ;.,*;, s-^n,7111-' 136; run-
B££*^%«|«B. Va., BeeJJ. E., L. 156, 157. 158; X.. 100, Big , Hi,,, Madison Co, ky., II, H.ockaje nmne^L, 8.^ softness
Ba\Ye?y Sherman. Mi^ II 197. Beech Grove Ky. (,? also Mi,. Hi, River Bridge, Mo.. I, ?^ ff^g^S^lffiJKSi
1 S"-"s' l4-^-^',1,1,1- -7'Tenn II 3»0 B I SJ - v Ga IV-V^Oti erew on, VI., 107; eonnnande.l by
sa^if^fyt ?95^- --'--"• ^ji!^s fi L'36l: sgsl^HSIi^
Bj^HWai'Bfef'lff: B£B& W. III., 331; IX.. Hi,e^, J, II., 106, 2,0; VI, 2,, VI., 115; n;,,nher of eap,ured,
II., 140. 158. ^6. 338: quoted. X., 43. efifewJ Jr II., 121. ^S; ATannel mar^s of. VI.,'^
!!;;!;Sne.^:,^:;"d:fx:rV3^-61- fe\- kfiLi*^ ? ' f i/'^ " J?R- L"w""' IX" v^iof> VL> 294; last of thp'
ifisSttL- - si>^». :f fr;"h;r:::
of tHe 1; StM-Xi: R I^m, 3S, ^^S H. THomas, ^^^g^»
II, 271: after an enKaiienient, 56, 61, 70, 9o, 134, 162; prison, IV., 314. tr O at, Maj 12, 1!M,4, ill., .>, .
"••-'•-,• VII '>S4 Bilosi, Miss., VI, 312. Confederate entrenehinents near,
BattteKroundB: Field «. Forest. BeJfe Peoria'. U. S. S., II, 163. Bird's Point, Mo (see also Charles- IH, 57,62, 66, 68; V., 27
VIII 173 Belle Plain. Va.: Ill, 33; Second ton, Mo.), I, 177, 3oO. "Bloody Lane, Antietam, Md.,
"Battle* Hvmn of the Republic," N. Y. and First Mass, at, V., 53; BirdsonK Feny. Miss., II., 340. II, 69, <2.
J. W. Howe, IX.. 17, 20, 122, upper wharf, erected by engineer Birge. H \\ .. X, 197. B oomery Gap., Va., I, 356.
1>4 lr>'i n« corps V.,236; Benham's Wharf at. Birney, D. B.: II, .)!, ?37; III, BloomSeld, Va., II,, 326.
"Battle in' the clouds." description V, 236; Confederate prisoners at, 76, 90, 20S. 321 :X, 187, 212, 290. Blounts Farm Ala II, 332.
>f II 3l»-> :JM 30J VII, 41, 154, 155; T. S. sanitary Birney, \\ ., X, 219. Blountsville, Ala., VII, 14o.
Battle losses. Confederate and commission supply wagons at, Bisjand, La., II, 332. Blountsville, Tenn II, 344.
Union in the Civil War, X., 142. VII, 327; hospital tents at, VII, "Bivouac in MoClellan's Army, Blue adopted by the Federals, VIII,
Battles: of the Civil War, number 333. IX, 135. 95.
fouuht in the States, I, 104; Belle Plain Camp, Va., Confederate "Bivouac on a Mountainside, Blue and the Gray, F. M. Finch,
Kuropean losses in, X, 140; how prisoners at, Vll, 39 seq. Walt Whitman, IX, 132. IX, 138, 273.
they begin VIII, KiS-172. Belle Plain Landing, Va.: IV, 40 Bixley, (!. H.. II, 193. "Blue Coats are over the Border,
B-iut/en lo^<-< at X, 140. seq.. 41, 42; VIII, 47, 55; ar- Black, J., VII, 125. A. E. Blaekmar, IX, 343.
Ballev Mrs C V VII, 200. rival of wagon trains, VIII, 55. Black, .1. C., X, 201, 290 Blue Mills, -Mo., I, 350, 352.
B-IXI.T !).• W C. X, 125. Bellows, H. W., VII, 68, 73, 328, Black, W. : youngest soldier w;:und- Blue Ridge, ^a., II, 42.
Baxter, H.. X, 215. 330. ed, IX, «7. Blue Ridge Mountains, \ a., II,
Baxt.-r .1 H., VII, 224. Belmont, Mo., I, 351; X, 44. Black, Judge, VIII, 294. 26, 57, 106.
Bayard C I)., II, 25, (X), 32S. X, Hcnr<:t, I'. S. S., VI, 22S, 229. "Black Burns," horse of G. B. Me- Blue Springs, Tenn.. II, 344.
i37. Benevolent Society of Tenn., VII, Ck-llan, IV, 3')4. Blum, R. A., VIII, 167.
Bavlor J. R.. I, 350; X, 315. 247. Black Hawk War of 1S32, VII, Blunt, J. G., 111,338; X, 175, 184.
Bavonet drill of the Fortieth Mass. Benham. H. W., V, 236, 242, 244. 347; IX, 93. Boag, T. G., VII, 4.
inf. VIII, 1H3. Benham's Wharf, Belle Plain, Va., "Black Horse Cavalry," IV, 30, Bobot, A, VII, 130.
Bayne, T. L, V, 170 V.,236. S3. Bodiso, M., Sec. Russian Legation,
Bayou Cache,. Ark, L, 368. Benicia, Cal, V, 144; arsenal at, V, Blackburn's Ford, Va.: I, 151, VI, 25.
Bayou de Glaize or Calhnun Sta- 1.54. 153, 163, 2S5, 34S; Federal en- Boers, I, 84.
lion. La, III, 320. Benjamin, J. P., V, 58; VII, 29, campment at, II, 21, 324. Boggs, C. S, VI, 10S.
Bayou de View, Ark. (seealso Bayou 36, 210; X, 13. Rlarkhnu-k, \' . S. S., VI, 37, 147, Boggs, W. R, X, 265.
Cache, Ark.), I, 368. Benjamin, M, V, 86. 225, 322. Bohlen, H., II, 322; X, 135.
Bayou Metoe, Ark., II, 342. Bcnneau, F. W, VII, 133. Blackie, G. S., VII, 242. Boland, Maj., C. S. A., VII, 123.
Bayou Teeher, La., II, 330; VI, Bennett, A. G., Ill, 246. Blaekmar, A. K, IX, 343. Bolivar, Tenn., II, 148, 322.
316. Bennett, F. M, VI, 306. Blaekmar, W. W, X, 296. Bolivar, Va, III, 326.
Rauoit City, C. S. S., II, 330; VI, Bennett, J. G, yacht of, VI, 181. Blackville, S. C, III, 342. Bolivar Heights, Va., I, 352; II,
310. Bennett House, Durham Station, Blackwnter, Mo. (see also Milford, 60, 325.
Beacon Island, N. C., VI, 10 J, 310. N. C, III, 247. Mo, and Shawnee Mound, Mo.), Bolton, Miss, II, 340.
Benl, G. L, X, 209. Bennett's Mills, Mo, I, 350. 1,354. Bolton depot, Miss., II, 340.
Beale, R. L. T, X, 317. Benr.ing, H. L, X, 127. Blackwater River, Va, VI, 316. Bomb-proofs: entrenchments, VIII,
Bealington, W. Va. (aee alsj Laurel Bennings Bridge, Md, V, 96. Blackwood, G, VIII, 115. 253; near Atlanta. Ga., VIII,
Hill). I, 348. Benson, B, VII, 79. 151; escape of, Blackwood, Dr.. VII, 216. 253; before Petersburg, Va,
Beall, -I. Y, VIII, 208. from Elmira prison, VII, 147 #/ar/,-»vW.s Magazine, I, 90. VIII, 253.
Brail. W. \. R, II, 213; VII, 174; geq.\ X, 2. Blacqu" Bey, X, 4. Bond, F. S, X, 19.
X, 259. Benson, H, I, 287. Blair, C. W, III, 117. Bonham, M. L, X, 283.
Bealt.in, Va.: officers' quarters a\ Benton, S, X, 155. Blair, F. P, Jr.: 1,358 seo.; II, 185; Bonita, ship, VI, 122.
VIII, 201: military information Benton, W. P, X, 203. Ill, US, 132, 345; VIII, 102; Booker, T, IV, 166.
bureau headquarters, VIII, 2B4, Kentim, V. S. S, I, 221, 222, 362; X, 224. Booneville, Mo, I, 352, 353.
265. 366; VI, 150, 214, 220, 222, 316. Blair, .1, I, 14. Booneville, Miss, I, 364, 367, 368.
Bean Station, Tenn, II, 34S; III, Bentonville, Ark, 1,358. Blair, M, X, 12. Boonsboro, Ark, II, 326.
Bentonville, N. C, III, 344. Blair's Landing, La, II, 352. Boonsboro, Md, I, 53; II, 340;
'Beanpole and cornstalk bridge," Berdari, H, X, 223. Blair's Plantation La VI, 320. IV, 88.
V, 272. Berlin, Md.: pontoon bridg" at, II, Blaine, .1. G, IX, 292. Booth, J. W.: VII, 203, 207; flight,
Beard's Bluff, Ala, VI, 233. 56; view of Potomac from, II, Blake, G. A. II., IV, 47. capture and death of, VII, 205;
Beath. R. B, X, 296. 266; bridge at, IV, 77 seq. Blake, II. C, VI, 316. VIII, 26, 363. 366; IX, 128, 338.
Beatty, 'Tinker Dave," VIII, 275. Bermuda Hundred, Va.: 1,49, 119; Blake's Mill, Ga, IV, 332. Borodino, losses at, X, 140.
Beatty, .L. X, 235. Ill, ,X4, 91, 95, 188, 190, 320, Blakely guns, V, 56, 120. Boston, R., IV, 86, 88.
Beatty, S, X, H9. 322, 330, 338; V, 243, 315; VI, Blanchard, A. G, X, 271. Boston Mountains. Ark, II, 326.
Beaufort, .: VI, 182, 246; 130, 315; "f 'row's Nest" signal Bledsoe's batterv, Confederate, I, Bottom's Bridge, Va.: I, 286, 294;
Provost-Marshal at, IX, 174 xn/. tower at, VIII, 331; negro team- 350 352 356 "358 IV , 126
Beaufort, S C'.: I 35, 42; III, 244; sters at, IX, 181. Blemiel, Father, VII, 272. Botts, J. M.: opposition of, to se-
VL, 310; Union hospital at, VII, Berry, H. G, IX, 59, 79; X, 131. Blenheim losses at X, 140 cession, VII, 195; mansion of,
Berryville, Va, III, 330; IV, 194. Blenker, L, I, 162, 309; V, 292. in Culpeper Co, Va, VII, 195;
.: L, 356; VI, 146, Berryville Pike, Va, III, 328. Blennerhasset Island, O, II, 340. and his family, VII, 197.
Bertenatti, M, Italian Minister, Block houses: on Nashville & Bounty-jumping, VIII, 280, 282.
Beauregard I G. 1 .: I, 34, 36, 90, VI, 25. Chattanooga R. R, IV, 149; gar- Bowdi'tch, H. I, VII, 226.
95. 138, 140 «eo.;th2 Southerner Bertholet. surgeon, VII, 318. risoned against Wheeler's eav- Bowen, ,1. S.: I, 360; II, 214; 334,
of th* hour in 1861. 1, 143, 146 Berwick Bay, La, VI, 318. -dry IV 151 X ^79
IP' 'JS »'</." 1?°' Bethel Church, Va., Ill, 67. Blockade: I, 8»; the early inade- Bowers, T. S.: Ill, 81; VIII, 359;
i/3!'B ££' BethesdaChurCh,Va, 111,80, 84; quaey of, VI, 14; Confederate X, 49.
IV, 210, 211. hope ()f nusinKi vi., i-,; begill. Bowie, G. W, X, 195.
[2D ED ]
BOWLING GRKEN
INDEX
CAMPS
Bowling Green, Ky.,L, 182,190,211.
"Boxes for the soldiers," in 180.5, VII., 321.
Boxes ready for the boys at the front, VIL, 322.
"Boy generals," VIII., 193, 190.
"Boy musicians," VIII., 189, 192, 237.
"Boy soldier," Confedeiaie, VIII., 383.
Boyd, Belle, VIII., 289, 291.
Boyd, D. F., I., 105.
Boydton, Va., III., 344.
Boyle, J., II., 32(1.
Boyle, J. T., X., 21)7.
Boynton, H. Van N., X., 235.
Boys: already veterans, VIII., 179; who made Rood soldiers, VIII., 189; of the War Hays, VIII., 190; in the Federal army, VIII., 190- 196, 232.
Bozant, J., VII., 125.
Braokett, G. A.: I., 14; III., 159.
Bradd&ck, K., IX., 22S.
Bradford, V. S. S., VI., 82.
Bradley, Amy, VII., 287.
Bradley, L. P.: III., 340: X., 125.
Brady,' A. G., VII., 63.
Brady, M. B.: with Gen'l Burnside in the field, I., 21, 2.5, 20, 27 seq., 31, 34, 35, 30, 38 seq., 39, 40 seq., 42, 44, 48, 50, .52, 58, GO, 64, 70; II., 151; at Gulp's Hill, Gettys burg, Pa., II., 257; photograph, V., 195; cartoon of, by Thomas Nast, VIII., 2; under fire in the works before Petersburg, Va., VIII., 15, 16, 17; outfit, VIII., 25, 31; IX., 121, 123.
Brady -Gardner, collection, I., 14; Civil War negatives, I., 1.8.
Brady photographs and their his tory, I., 52.
Brady's road outfit, VIII., 27.
Brady's "What Is It" wagon, I., 39, 46.
Brady, T. J., III., 170, 170, 177, 178.
Bragg, B.: I., 97, 132, 178, 194, 190, 200, 201, 204, 208, 211, 3GO; II., 64, 146, 102, 160, 174, 178, 270, 272, 281, 290, 294, 318, 324, 326, 330, 338. 340, 342, 344, 346; III., 24, 30, 105,225. 344; IV., 144, 147, 153, 1.55, 156. 158, 160, 175; V., 57, 70, 206, 292; VI., 30 ; VII., 114; VIII., 18, 157, 196, 206, 238, 290, 292, 325,362; IX., 99, 101; X., 160, 243, 262.
Bragg, K. S., X., 309.
liraaa, C. S. S. (see also General Brawi, C. S. S.),L,237, 246.
Braina.-d, C., VIL, 17.
Bramhal!, W. M., I., 270.
Brunch, L. O., II., 324.
Branch, L. O. B., X., 149.
Brandon, W. L., X., 277.
Brandy Station, Va.: L, 47; II., 330, 342; III., 29; deserted head quarters at, III., 35; cavalry quartermaster's office at, IV., 51; Pa. Eighteenth Cav. at, IV., 54; Federal supply wagons near, IV., 101, 106, 145,' 197, 224, 226, 228, 238, 239, 332; field hospital at, VIL, 267; ambulances at Cap tain Bates's headquarters, VIL, 309; U. S. sanitary commission quarters at, VIL,' 335; VIIL, 39, 50, 124; headquarters of G. H. Sharpe, VIIL, 279; camp of the Perma. One Hundred and Fourteenth Inf., XIIL, 224; tel egraphers and photographers, VIIL, 847, 353; EL, 351. Brannan, J. M.: II., 282; VI., 316;
X., 187, 210.
Brant House, Va., Michler cot tage at, V., 249. Brantly, W. F., X., 275. Brashear City, La.: II., 336; VL,
320. Brat ton, J., X., 285.
"Brave Boys Are They," H. C.
Work, IX'., 344.
Brazilian Government, VL, 294. Brazilian warship, VL, 33. Bread weighing, VIIL, 49. Breastworks: function of, V., 210. Breckinridge, J. C.: L, 132, 196, 200, 208, 235, 360, 367: II., 132, 170, 172, 178, 194, 210, 276, 282, 306, 320; III., 84, 140, 289, 320, 322, 326, 332, 338, 340, 342; IV., 144; V., 46; VL, 226; VIIL, 297; X., 251, 270.
[2o ED.]
Hreen, H. B., X., 2.
Breese, H. K., VL, 257.
Brent, J. L., X., 4.
Brentwood, Tenn.. II., 332.
Brevarrl, T. W., X., 261.
Brice's Cross roads, Guntown,
Miss., III., 324. Brickell, W., New Orleans, La.,
VIL, 246.
Bridgeford, D. B., X., 103. Bridgeport, Ala.: L, 362; II., 177, 269, 272, 274, 275, 290, 290. IV., 102; bridge at, V., 295. Bridgeport, Miss., II., 191. Bridgeport, Tenn., VL, 233. Bridges: across Armstrong Run, Va., L, 121; building and repair ing by the construction corps an important element in warfare, II., 104, 105; trestle, four-tier, completed in 1803, II., 317; ' 'bridge building while you waU," V., 231; pontoon acr.isx James River, Va., V., 236. Brigham, J. A., VIL, 207. Brinks, U. S. S., L, 350. Bristoe campaign, IV., 92, 96, 100. Bristoo Station, Va : II., 41, 344, 345; III., 30; railroad destroyed at by Jackson. IV., 93; railroad destroyed at, IV., 99, 200; trains destroyed at, V., 283; VIIL, 350. Britannia, C. S. S., VL, 123 Britannia, U. S. S., III., 312. British troops and the Boers, L,
84.
Britton's Lane, Tenn., II., 322. Broad Run, Va., IV., 95. Broadway Landing, Va. : III., 94; V., 139; ordnance at, V., 143; pontoon bridge at, V., 239. Broady, O. A., III., 201. Brock Road, Va., III., 40, 53, 54. Brogden, II. H., VIL, 20. Bromley, K., L, 14. Brook Run, Va., V., 320. Brook turnpike, Va., V., 320. Brooke, J. M.: VL, 82, 137, 140,
144, 1.54, 155. Brooke, J. H., X., 303. Brooke, W P., VL, 31)1. "Brooke rifle," V., 157. Brookhaven, Miss., IV., 131. Brooklyn, U. S. S.: L, 227, 234; III., 342; VL, 19, 24, 48, 111, 116, 190, 191, 198, 244, 247, 252, 308; IX., 107. ' 'Brooklyn Phalanx" (sr>e also N. Y.
Sixty-seventh Inf.), VIIL, 82. Brooks, P., IX., 301. Brooks, T. B., V., 114. Brooks, W. II., IV., 274. Brooks, W. T. H., X., 187, 212. Bross, J. A., III., 202. "Brother Jonathan's Lament for Sister Caroline," O. W. Holmes, IX., 33, 40, 44. Broun, L., V., 106, 170. Broun, T. I,., IV., 29.8. Brown, E. B.: II., 330; X., 217. Brown, G. W., VL, 223. Brown. I. N.: II., 190, 342; VL,
224.
Brown, J.: II., 00, 231, 241, 242, 323; V., 58; at Harper's Ferry, Md., VIIL, 111, 138; X., 58. Brown, J. C.: II., 288, 320; III.,
340; X., 295. Brown, J. T., II., 340. Brown, R., VL, 113. Brown, R. B., X., 296. Brown, S. B., III., 344. Brown, W. M., X., 263. Brown, U. S. S., VL, 228. "Brown Roan," horse of Gen'l Lee,
IV., 300.
Browne, E. H., VIL, 123. Browne, J. C., L, 14. Browne, J. H., VIL, 88, 138, 146. Brownell, Katey ("Kady"), IX.,
68, 69, 71. Brownes Cross Roads, Ga., III.,
338. Brown's cavalry, Confederate, L,
350. Brown's Ferry, Tenn., II., 292, 298,
300.
Brown's Gap., Va., III., 158. Brownsville, Ark., II., 342. Brownsville, Miss., II., 344. Brownsville, Palmetto Branch, near
Tex., III., 346. Bruinsburg, La., II., 214. Brunswick, Ga., IV., 77. Brunswick, Mo., L, 350.
Bryan, G., X., 263.
Bryan, II., V., 121.
Bryan, J. R, , balloon trips of, at Yorktown, Va., VIIL, 371.
Bryan, P., VIIL, 289.
Bryan, Mayor of Baton Rouge, L, 233.
Bryant, D., IX., 347.
Bryant, H., VIL, 226.
Bryant, N. C., L, 225.
Bryson, A., VL, 179.
Buchanan, F.: L, 358; IV., 139; VL, 144, 154, 157, 168, 182, 249, 252, 2.54.
Buchanan, J., L, 184; VL, 24.
Buchanan, M., VL, 157.
Buchanan, R. C., X., 311.
Buchanan, T. McK.: II., 330; VL, 316.
Buck, D., IX., 30.
Buck, E. W., VIL, 226.
Buckhannon, W. Va. (s™ als > Mid dle Creek Fork), L, 348.
Buckingham, C. P.: II., 50; X., 235.
Buckland, R. P., X., 233.
Buekland, Va., IV., 90.
Biu'kland Mills, Va., II., 344.
Buckner, S. B.: L, 18, 184, 187, 190 seq., 191, 192, 307, II., 276, 278, 320, 344; VIL, 214; X., •> ( <( 25S
Buell.'n. C.: L, 95, 118, 180, 203, 206, 208, 211, 212, 213, 300, 363; II., 144, 166; VIL, 114; VIIL, 206, 277; X., 40, 172, 173.
Buena Vista, Mex.: L, 196; II., 242.
Buffalo, N. Y., mustering a regi ment, VIIL, 74.
Buffalo Mountain, W. Va. (s^e also Camp Allegheny, W. Va.), L, 354.
Buford, A., X., 269.
Buford, E. S., IV., 288.
Buford, J.: II., 322, 340, 342; IV., 24, 118, 230, 235, 262, 267, 272, 274.
Buford, N. B.: VL, 218; X., 207.
"Bugler in Confederate Camp," VIIL, 137.
Buist, J. R., Nashville, Tenn., VIL, 246.
"Bull-Dogs" (see also Forty-first N. Y., Company C), II., 49.
Bull Pasture, Va., battle at, L, 362.
Bull Hun, Va.: L, 23, 28, 31, 35, 30, 37, 39, 95, 122, 132, 137 seq.. 138, 139, 140, 142 srq., 145, 147, 148, 151, 153, 155, 157, 165, 192, 196, 208, 214, 254, 285, 348; II., 9, 21, 33, 35, 39, 43, 48, 51, 52, 104, 105, 322; III., 315; headquarters of Beauregard at, III., 314; IV., 32, 50, 52, 77, 200, 202; V., 18, 19, 21, 27, 38, 58, 86, 92, 98, 290, 300, 301; VL, 68; Union prison ers from, VIL, 4, 32, 157, 169; Mrs. Spinner's house used as hos pital, VIL, 257; VIIL, 25, 61, 62, 73, 78, 86, 87, 89, 91, 104; Federal pickets near, VIIL, 215; 276, 340; IX., 09, 78, 81, 143, 265, 286, 313; X., 104; losses at, X., 142; first battle of, X., 156.
Bull Hun, Va. : photographers before the second battle, at, L, 37; sec ond battle at Manassas, II., 47; soldiers and battlefield of, II., 48; feelings of North and South after, II., 54; IX., 157, 205, 345; X., 62.
Bull Run Monument: dedication of, IX., 263, 265, 266.
Bull Hun Mountains, Va., II., 44.
Bulloch, G. W., II., 69.
Bulloch, J. D., VL, 20, 32, 75, 86, 88, 290, 299.
Bullo.-k, J. P., VL, 301.
Bullock, R., X., 261.
Bulls Gap. Tenn., III., 338.
Bunnell, J., VIIL, 354.
Burbridge, S. G.: III., 322, 324; X., 207.
Burbridge's Infantry, Confederate, L, 350.
Burdett, S. S., X., 296.
Burial of soldiers during the war,
IX., 241.
Burke, J. T.: L, 14; VIL, 4, 25, 59. Burke, M., VIL, 56.
Burkesville, Ky., IV., 154, 156, 175. Burnett, H. L., VIL, 209.
Burnett House, Cold Harbor, Va.,
IV., 245. Burnham, H.: II., 123; X., 139.
Burning of New York attempted, VIIL, 300, 352.
Burns, A. F., L, 19.
Burns, John: IX., 206, 209, 211.
"John Burns of Gettysburg," by F. Bret Harte, IX., 200, 209.
Burnside, A. E.: with photographer Brady, L, 21; at Fredericksburg Heights, Va., L, 27, 36, 44, 64, 113, 116, 120, 150, 156, 157; succeeds McClellan in com mand of army, II., 57, 66, 68, 73, 75, 80, 82, 83, 85, 90, 97, 98, 100, 122, 271, 276, 298, 324, 328, 338, 346; III., 34, 38, 39, 42, 47, 54, 62, 67, 72, S3, 84, 86, 90, 195, 318, IV., 56. 159, 160, 164, 231; corps, V., 290, 294; VL, 168, 312; VIL, 150, 202, 204; VIIL, 4, 60, 61; and staff, VIIL, 61, 78, 9.5, 204, 208, 246, 321, 323, 326, 345; IX., 69, 71, 148, 161, 315; X., 166, 169, 296.
Burnside's Bridge, Md., II., 71, 74.
Burroughs, W. B., quoted, VIIL, 290.
Burton, C. G., X., 296.
Burton, J. H., V., 164, 170.
Bushnell, C. S., VL, 169.
Business side of war-making The, VIIL, 42.
Bussey, C., X., 205.
"Busy with good works for the soldiers," VIL, 342.
Butler, A. P., IX., 301.
Butler, B. F.: signal tower of, at Cobbs Hill, L, 37, 49, 119, 234- II., 30, 136, 205, 209; III., 15, 25, 32, 78, 84, 87, 89, 92, 95, 96, 182, 190, 320, 324; IV., 110, 124, 203, 262; V., 163, 243, 267, 315- VL, 44, 100, 115, 188, 204, 216, 240, 257,265,310, 312, 315, 320- VIL, 101 sug., 110, 116, 118, 160, 176; VIIL, 297, 363, 368; IX., 181; X., 175, 180.
Butler, M. C.: III., 338; IV., 113; X., 284.
Butler, a Mosby Ranger, IV., 166.
Butler Camp, 111. (see also Camp Butler, III.), L, 174, 175.
Butterfield, D.: II.. 328; III., 110- IV., 305 seq.; X., 161, 198.
Buzzard Roost, Ga.: II., 350; III., 107, 318; V., 208.
Byers, S.H.M., IX., 166, 169,170,171.
Byrne, W., VIL, 125.
C
Cabell, W. L., X., 257.
Cabot, S., VIL, 133.
Cadle, C., Jr., L, 353.
Cadwalader, G. C., VIL, 194.
Cahaba, Ala., prison at, VIL, 60.
Cahill, T. W., II., 133.
Cairo, 111.: I., 176, 177, 179, 181,
197, 215, 220, 22.5, 363; II.,
139; forwarding recruits at, II.,
182; VL, 186, 212, 213; naval
station at, VL, 215; VIL, 319;
flood at, VIIL, 211. Cairo, Mo., basisof supplies, VIIL, 32. Cairo, U. S. S.: L, 225 seg., 243, 300;
II., 200; VL, 214, 221, 200, 310. Caldwell, A. H.: VIIL, 34f> sea., ^ 350, 361, 363, 364. Caldwell, C. H. B.: L, 232- VL,
190, 196.
Caldwell, G. H., II., 69. Caldwell, J., VIIL, 363, 366. Caldwell, J. C., II., 69. Caleb dishing, revenue cutter, VI. ,
291.
Calef, J. H., IV., 230. Calhoun, J. C., unveiling statue of,
IX., 36.
Calhoun, U. S. S., II., 330. California enlistment, VIIL, 102. Cambridge, Mass., return of the
Mass. Sixteenth Inf., IX., 261. Camden, Ark., II., 3.52. Camden, N. C.: L, 362. Cameron, R. A., X., 203. Cameron, S.: IV., 52; V., 130; VIL,
30, 98, 192; VIIL, 84, 345. "Cameron Dragoons," Pa. Fifth
Cav., IV., 253. Cammock, J., VIIL, 281. Camps:
Camp Allegheny, W. Va.. L, 354.
Camp Anderson, VIIL, 89.
Camp Asylum, Columbia, S. C., VIL. 44.
Camp Butler, near Springfield, 111., L, 175; VIL, 44, 68.
[327]
CAMPS
Camps — Continued.
Camp Cameron. Va., VIII., 0. CampCa.ss,Va.,I.,343: VIII., 101. Camp Chase. Columbus, Ohio,
VII., 44. OX, 105, 108. Camp Creek, W. Va.. I., 302. Camp Defiance, 111.. I., 17.. Camp Douglas, Chicago. II!.: VII , 22, 4t. OS. 73, 14S. I.i9; VIII., 62, 2'is. 304; IX., 157. Camp Fisk, Vicksburg, Miss., I.,
108 .-../.
Camp Ford. Texas: VII., 40, 49.
51; prison at, VII., 72, 90, 130.
Camp Grace, Hempstead, Texas:
prison at. VII., 40. 72, S>0. Camp Griffin, near Washington, D. C.: IX., 13H, 155; Sixth Vermont ai, DC., 347. Camp Jackson. St. Louis, Mo.: L, 172, 173,316, 353, 307; VII., 30. Camp James, Washington, D. ('.,
I., 167.
Camp Jameson. VIII., 59. Camp Louisiana, L, 95. Camp Lawton, Millen, Ga.: prison at, VII., 44, 72, S4, SO. •'Camp Misery," Alexandria,
Va., VII., 287. Camp Moore, La., Confederate
troops at. VIII., 169. Camp Morion, hid.: IV., 214;
VII., 44, 04. 71.
Camp Nelson. Ky.: engineers in,
V., 251; convalescent camp at,
VII., 214, 215; mule chute,
VIII., 41; work shops, corrals,
and reservoir, VIIL, 41.
Camp Northumberland, Wash-
ington, D. C., Ninety-sixth
Penna. Infantry drilling at, I.,
169.
Camp Parole, Annapolis, Md.,
VII., 108.
Camp Scott, Stiten Island, N.V.: Seventy-first Inf., organized at, VIIL, 07; IX., 78. Cam)) Sprague, Washington, D.
C.. I., 141.
Camp Stoneman, Washington, D. C.: band headquarters at, VIIL, 233. Camp Sumter, Anderson, Ga.:
prison at. VII., 44, 72. Camp Washington, S.C., III., 171. Camp Winfield Scott, Va., I., 259. Camp Yates. III., I., 175. Camp life. L, 51. Camp-making. VIIL, 187. Campscenes,VIII.,224,225;IX.,13l. "Campaigning with Grant," by
H. Porter, IX., 1X2. Campaigns: first of the gr«'at, from Bull Run to Appom ittox, Va.,I., 137 *«,.; plans of, VIII., 50. Campbell, A., VIIL, 113. Campbell, Arch., VIIL, 111. Campbell. A. W., X., 297. Campbell. C. T., X., 293. Campbell, L. A., II., 320. Campbell. W. B., X., 305. Campbell's cavalry, Confederate,
L, 3.50.
Campbell Station, Tenn., II., 340. Campbellville. Term., III., 33S. Campbellsville, Ky.. IV., 156. Campti, La., II., 352. Canada: as base of Confederate military, political and economic operations, VIIL, 290-304. Canal, built by the Federals on the James River, and its unsuccessful end, HI., 90. Canhy, E. R. S.: III., 340; IV., 273;
VI.', 258, 270; IX., 240; X., 1S2. Candy. C., X., 89. Cane Hill, Ark., II., 320. Cane River, La., II., 352. Cane River Crossing, X.C., II., 130. C'anister, use of, V., 42. Cannon, .1. W., VI., 267. Cannon: manufacture of, V., 120; rifled, V., 13(5 »eq.\ the lack of iron for manufacture of small arms, V., 134; sea-coast, V., 145; smooth-bore, V., 150; Confeder ate imported, manufactured, adopted and invented, V., 157; foundry of the South. VIIL, I3'J. C'lnonirus, I". S. S.: III., 340; VI.,
131,285.
Cantey, .L. X., 255. Canton, Miss., II., 340, 344. Cantwell, J. T., VII., 63. Cape Charle", Va., VI., 266.
[2u ED.]
INDEX
Cape Fear River, N. C.: VL, 01,
104, 238, 257, -73, 322. Cape Girardeau, Mo., II., 332. Cape Hatteras, N. C.: VI., 100, 14(5.
179, 310.
Cape Henry. Va., VL, 114, 200. Cape Lookout, N. C., VL, 104, 124. Capehart, H., X., 311. Capers. E.. X., 285. Caperton's Ferry, Ala.: II., 17, : IX.,
Ca'pron, A. B., VIIL, 327. "Carabines a tige," VIIL, 82. Carbines:forcavalry,V., 136, 144,170.
Card playing. VIIL, 241.
Cardenas, Cuba. VI. , 291.
Carev, an orderly. VII., 135.
Carleton. J. H., X., 195.
Carlin, W. P.: II., 304; and staff, II., 169.
Carlisle. J. H., V., 20 xeq.
Carlisle, Pa., defense of, IX., 37.
Carlisle Barracks, Pa., IV., 2.
Carmichael, R. B., VII., 198.
Carnegie. A., VIIL, 340; X., 21.
Carnifex Ferry, W. Va., L, 350.
Carnot, L. N." M., I., 254.
Carondelet, Mo., L, 185, 216.
Carontltlft, I". S. S.: I., 182 seq., 185, 1X7,217, 219, 222, 223, 224se</.,23X, 350, 302. 300,308; II., 190; VI.,85, 14S, 211, 214, 215, 224, 312, 31(5.
Carr, E. A., II., 334; X., 175, 170.
Carr, J. B., X., 125.
Carrick's Ford, W. Va., L, 348.
Carrington, H. B.. X., 311.
Carroll, S. S., II., 320; X., 199.
Carroll, W. H.. X., 299.
Ciirrollton, Ga., IV.. 1 10.
Carson, C. (" Kit " Carson), X., 221.
Cartel: VIL, 98; difficulties in the application of the, VIL, 104, 100, 108; of 1802, provisions of, VIL, 112- for exchange, adoption of, July 22, 1802, VIL, 100, 100; for exchange, suspension of, May 25, 1X03, VIL, 160; lack of clear ness in the supplementary articles of, cause of trouble, VIL, 112, 114, 1 10; of July 22, VIL, 345; of July 22, 1802, VIL, 345, Appendix A.
Carter, Anne II.. X., 52.
Carter, J. C., III., 340; X., 299.
Carter, S. P., III., 344; X., 305.
Carter, a western photographer, IV., 145.
Carters Station, Tenn., II., 32S.
Carthage, Mo., L, 348.
Cartridges: small arms, V., 16(5; origin of, V., 172.
Carver Hospital, Washington, IX C., VIL, 275.
Cary, Mrs. A., VIL, 290.
Casamajor, G. II.: L, 10; VIIL, 9, 260; X., 2.
Case, F. F., VIL, 125.
Caseo, V. S. S., VI. , 177.
Casey, S.:L, 288,289, 293,324;IX., 59.
CasS; T., L, 343.
Cass, U. S. S., VL, 82.
Cassville, Ga., III., Ill, 112, 320.
Castle Godwin, Richmond, Va., VIL, 40.
Castle Murray, near Auburn, Va., IV., 243.
Castle Pinckney, Charleston Har bor, S. C.: L, 89, 165; Zouave Cadets at, III., 171; III., 172; big gun in, V., 181; VIL, 4, 27,
38, 127: VIL, 25, 54 xeq.; union prisoners, VIL, 27, 157; Charles ton Zouave Cadets at, VIL, 59.
Castle Thunder, prison, Petersburg,
Va., VIL, 87, 89. Castle Thunder, Richmond, Va.,
VIL, 199. Casualties: in European battles, X.,
140; in Union armies, X., 142, 144,
14S; in Confederate armies, X.,
142, 144, 148.
Cat Harpin Run, Va., L, 155. Catlett's Station, Va.: II., 34, 3S,
39. 42; IV., 89, 92; railroad de stroyed at, IV., 90,91; Orange & Alexandria R. R. at, IV., 90; rail road bridge near, IV., 118.
Catliri, I. S., IV., 22.
Catoosa Springs, Ga., VIL, 2(50.
Catskitt,\].8.S.: II.,332;VI.,128 173.
Catterson, R. F., X., 203.
Cavalry:
United States: volunteer, IV.,
4; evolution of the American, IV.,
3-38; brief descriptions of, IV.,
14; of the Civil War, its evolution
and influence, IV., 17; importance of, not realized at the beginning of I he war, IV., 10 38; American, IV., 13 xeq.. 17 xrq., 19; history of, from pre-revolutionary days to the end of the Civil War, IV., 18 seq ; reorganization of regular, by Congress in 1X33 and 1830, IV., 22- regular, the first I mted States, short history of. IV., 23; Depot, Gilesboro, D. C'., IV., 33; exceptionally effective in the Gettysburg campaign, June 1- July'4, 1X03, IV., 32, 34; of the war. most conspicuous instances of (1804-1X05), IV., 34; depot of, established in July, 1x03, IV., 33, 35; in winter quarters, IV., 36, 37; difficulties of equipping, or ganizing and instructing, at out break of war, IV., 48; foraging by, usual means of obtaining sup plies, IV., 49; its organization and equipment, IV., 39-70; poor showing of, in first two years of the war, IV., 48; Northern and Southern, efficiency of, compared, IV., 50, 52; quarter-muster, per petual motion of, IV., 51; volun teer regiments, armament of, IV., 52, 50, 58; water, necessity of, one of the greatest obstacles in the path of, IV., 59: improvement in, IV., 00: volunteer, unnecessary overburdening of, IV., 02; regular rations of, IV., 63; mess house for, IV., 63 seq.; numerous casual ties among the horses of, and causes, IV., 05; business of trans porting hay for, IV., 65; hay de pot of, IV., 65 x"q.; poverty of equipment of its men and horses, IV., (56, 07; horseshoeing shops, IV., 68, 69, 70: 1'nion and Con federate, efficiency of, in the Gettysburg campaign, IV., .88, 92; destruction of railroads by, IV., 99; mess house, Federal, at Washington, D. C'., IV., 107 seq.; raids of, IV., 115-140; leaving camp, IV., 116, 117; with infan try on provost-guard duty, IV., 182, 183; true value appreciated by authorities, 1X04, IV., 189; detail guarding a wagon-train, 1802, IV., 191; brief description of one of the companies of, IV., 195; camp building, IV., 197; scout, typical episode in the life of, IV., 201; screening of the army's movements by, IV., 203; battles and charges, IV., 215-258; regiment in formation, IV., 218; losses of horses and men in a mo mentous action of (June 27, 1X02), IV., 220, 222; action, con spicuous (June 27, 1802), IV., 220; the first great charge of, dur ing the Civil War (June 27, 1802), IV., 221; decisive actions of, March 17 and June 9, 1S03, IV., 224; officers, reunion of, IV., 229; trial of strength with that of the South. March 17. 1803. IV., 233; formation in a hollow square, IV., 235; western branch of the Feder al army; important duties and enviable reputation of, IV., 241; usefulness arid activities of, IV., 242, 244, 248, 250, 252; capture of valuable supplies by, during the valley campaign, IV., 252; of the West, IV., 254; part of, in the siege and taking of Rich mond. IV., 253, 255; of the south west, IV., 254, 250, 258; the beau xnhreiir of, IV., 275; mounts for all the, IV., 309; immense cost of caring for horses of, IV., 322, 325; depots, I'nion, equipment and management of, IV., 328, 330, 334, 330: to guard the District of Columbia. IV., 329. Cavalry:
Confederate: causes of diminish ing numbers and lack of efficiency of. IV., 38, 42, 71 »«/.; in the East, IV., 71, 114; leaders, IV., 72; in its unorganized state and exploits of, IV., 77; brilliant movement of, under Stuart, IV., 80; raids of, and their effect up<-n the North, in the first two years of the war, IV., 83; unsuccessful raid and clever escape of, ()c-
CHAMBERLAIN
tol>r>r. 1803, IV., 92, 94, SIC.. 100. 101; rapid decline <>i, from 1X04 to end of war, IV., 10:5; plunder ing of horses by. IV., 105; in vasion of West Virginia by, IV., 104. 10(i; successful raid of, to capture I'nion cattle (Septem ber, 1X041, IV., 110; raids of, IV., 11."), 140; in the West, equip ment of, during the early and later period of the war. IV., 145; constant blows of, to material re sources of the North, ineffectual. IV., 15.'5; important factor in I'nion defeat at Chickamauga, IV., 158, 100; necessity of guard ing I'nion lines of communication against attacks by. IV., 1S4, 1.S5; almost annihilated by the cavalry corps, end of July, 1X04, IV., 242. Cavalry Bureau, IV., 25(1, 320, 32X, 336; VIII., 1X5.
"Cavalry Crossing a Ford," Walt
Whitman, .IX., 13-1. Cavalry Horses: care of, test of ef- ficency of a trooper, IV., 42; far riers of, IV., 44, 45 ?!'</. ; camps of, IV., 116; necessity of providing food and shelter 'for. IV., 199; strappings of, IV., 315; loss of, through disease and overwork, IV., 317: orderly with an officer's mount, IV., 319, 337: a thousand Federal, IV., 320, 321, 322-337; terrible losses of, IV., 322, 324: method of obtaining and training for, IV., 32<i ; foot diseases the bane of, IV., 330; in the South, VIII., 52.
Cavalry Leaders: opinion of, in re gard to cavalry and its military value, IV., IS, 230, 237, 23S, 230, 200, 201, 202-2X8; North and South, IV., 259-288; distinguished ollicers who received the thanks of Congress (July, 1X05), IV., 203. Cavalry Pickets, Scouts and Cou riers; IV., 79, 1S1-203, 193.
Cawthorn's Brigade, Confederate, I., 350.
CnuiKj'i. I'. *• S.: I., 227, 234; VI., 55, 190.
Cedar Creek. Va.: III., 15S, 159, 100, 104, 105, 10X, 33S; IV., 252- 203; IX., 70 8»q.; skirmish of, IX., 217.
Cedar Keys, Fin., VI., 123.
Cedar Level, Va., regimental com missary at, VIII., 53.
Cedar Mountains, Va.: II., 9, 13. 15, 21, 25, 2S, 27, 31, 3S, 39, 320; V., 34 seq.; VII., 33; Confederate hospital at. VII., 245; losses at, X., 142, 150.
Cedar Run, Va. (see also Cedar Mountain, Va.), II., 21, 25, 27; railroad bridge across, IV., US, 119; VII. ,245.
Cedar Springs, Va., III., 338.
Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg. Pa.: III., 202; IV., 234; V.,' 40: VIII., 122.
Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg, Pa.: I., 73; II., 231, 200: Meade's headquarters at, II. ,2<>1: IV., 230.
Censorship: of newspapers, VIII., 270; of telegraph lines, VIII., 340.
Central Alabama (Nashville and Decatur R. R.), great bridge of, I., 212, 213.
Centralia, Mo., III., 332.
Centreville, La., II., 332.
Contrcville, Va.: I., 149, 150. 102, 103 xrg.; Confederate entrench ments at, I., 166; II., 45, 40, 51, 53; Quaker Run, at, V., 203; stone church at, VII., 257.
Century Maqmine, IX., 37.
Ceres, V. S. S., I., 350; III., 318.
Chadwick, F. E.: I., 7, 11, SS, 89; VI., 13, IS; historical illustra tions within Confederate lines, VIII., 105.
Chaffin's Bluff, Va.: I., 1 19; V., 141, 202, 201, 305, 317, 320; battery at, V., 310.
Chaille, S. E., VII., 18, 290, 3.'i2.
Chain Bridge, Georgetown. D. C., V., 75, 90, 97; VIII., SS, 94, 96.
Chalk Bluff, Ark., III., 346.
Chalk Bluffs, Mo., I., 304.
Chalmers, J. R.: I., 97, 195, 201 seq., 204, 205, 308; II., 330, 344; IV., 34, 153, 250.
Chamberlain, .T. L., at battle of Gettysburg, II., 253; X., 209.
[ 328 ]
CHAMBERLAIN
INDEX
COLBURN
Chamberlain. W. H., X., 2. Chambers, A., X., 205. Chambersburg, Pa.: III., 1-11 xrq.,
150, 161; IV., 75, Si). Cluimbliss, .1. U., Jr.: IV., 283 seq.;
V., 322; X., 155. Chameleon, C. S. S., VI., 29S. Champion Hill, Miss.: II., 189, 21S,
:m, 340.
Chancellor, V., VIII., 295.
Chancellor lionse, II., 121. 124.
Chanoellorsville, Va.: artillery reg ulars before, I., 58, 130, 167; II., !), So, 103, 100, 113, 115, 122, 12S, 197, 229, 23S, 270, 331; III., 3(3, 4-0, 4.'), 48; IV., 122; V., 72, 212, 2:»4; Federal entrench ments at, V., 212; VII., 30S, 33-i; VIII., IS, (13, 05, 99, 230, 23.'; IX., 190: battle of, IX., 01, 03. 05, 79, 91,345; losses at, X., 142.
Chanoellorsville, Va.: campaign, II.,9S;V.,OS,9S, 232; IX., 157,190.
Chandler, A. H., VIII., 340 xeq.
Chandler. IX T., VII., SO.
Chantilly, Va., II., 51, 52, 322; V., 30: X.', 1 12.
Chapin, K. P., X., 137.
C'hapin, R. H., I., 28?.
Chaplains of the Ninth Army Corps, VIII., 2>7.
Chaplin, .1. C., VI., OS.
Chaplin Hills, Ky., X., 15(5.
Chapman, J. C., VI., 97.
Chapultepec, Mex., I., 1 13.
Char-tors: three famous, that bore a nation's destiny, IV., 291), 231.
Chariton River, Mo., II., 32,).
Charles the Hammer, I., 30.
Charles City Court House, Va.: I., 341;III.,89; highway near,IV.,S3.
CharlosCityCross Roads, Va.,I.,306.
Charles City R >ad. Va., V., 320.
Charleston, M->., I., 350.
Charleston, S. C.: I., 35, 39, 42; Vol unteer comn my of, I., 89, 04, 103, 107, 143;Caatle 1'inckneyat, I., 165; Charleston Zouave Cadet* of, I., 165, 333,349,301; II., 319, 330, 333, 335; III., 11, 40; the uncaptured fort, III., 109, 170, 171: Zouave Cadets, III., 171; "The Battery," III., 172, 173; after bombardment. III., 174, 237; Mills House, III., 329; Circular Church, III., 329; Washington Artillery Company of , V., 00; attack and defense at , V., 199: Cuminings Point, V., 117; south baitery in, V., 119; Blakely gun. V., 12ft; wreck of Blakely gun in, V., 12ft; fortifications of, V., 121. 151, 154; "Floating Bat tery," V., 155, 150, 100, 218, 254; arsenal at. V., 170; arsenal tor pedoes, shot and shell collected in, V., 1S9: VI., 15, 17, 23, 24, 28, 34, 114, 110, 122, 124, 12S, 140, 173, 23S, 207, 274, 30S, 310, 312, 314, 318, 320, 322; Zouave Cadets, VII., 4, 27, 59, 127, 147, 157; I'niori prisoners in, VII., 25, 3S, 59, SO, 122, 100; Roper Ho:i- Dital, VII., 161; O'Connor House, VII., 101, 103, 104 .ST.;., 174, 170, 340; threatened secession begun, VIII., OS, 115; Washington Light Infantry, VIII., 115, 117, 167; McCIellan's Zouaves, company of, VIII., 153, 335; Confederate signal tower, VIII., 313; ruins of, IX., 39; Circular Church in. IX., 39; ruins of Secession Hall, IX., 45; Cathedral of St. John and St. Finbar, IX., 47; war time in, IX., 49; "The City Bides the Foe," IX., 49.; Central Church, IX. ,51; Magnolia Ceme tery at, IX., 274, 277; Fed eral graves at, IX., 281; ruins of Pinckney mansion, IX., 319, 321; fire of December, 1S01, IX., 321; captured arms in, IX., 333; Fort Sumter celebration, IX., 334, 335; harbor, X., 150.
Charleston, Term., II., 348.
Charleston, W. Va.. I., 304; II., 344.
"Charleston," H. Timrod, IX., 48.
Charleston, ship, VIII., 45.
Charlottesville, Va., IV., 90, 110.
Chartres, Due de, I., 115.
Chase, S. P., I., 2S; X., 12.
Chase, W. H.: demands surrender of Fort Pickens, Fla,, VIII., 150.
Chasseur, V. S. S., I., 350.
[2D ED.]
Chatfield, S. C., battery at, V., 110, 117.
Chattahoochee Bridge, (}:».., III., 121.
Chattahoochee River, Ga.: III., IS, 119, 124, 130, 210, 320.
Chattahoochie Creek, bridge over, V., 299.
Chattanooga, Tenn.: I., 94, 00, 121, 12X, 132, 130; II., 140, 100, 17s, 272, 280; headquarters of Gen. G. H. Thomas at, II., 291; famine threatening the Union army before battle of, II., 204; Federal troops in, II., 309; Union and Confederate losses at, II., 318, 340; III., 10, 30, 114, 214, 210, 220, 222, 253, 310; Federal cavalry guarding, IV., 147 AT./., 100, 241; V., 50; captured Confed erate guns at,V., 69, 200, 208, 251, 254, 202, 298, 302; VI., 233, 231; VII., 35, 200, 272; Confederate prisoners at, VII., 37; Confeder ate food supplies, reinforced, VIII., 52, 103, 207, 208; where Sherman's march began, VIII., 219; troops at "Indian Mound," VIII., 219; Ohio First Light Art., VIII., 249, 252, 277, 325, 350, 358, 300; railroad near Knox- ville, Tenn., VIII., 302; IX., 101, 115, 182, 327.
Chattanooga and Nashville Rail road, II., 273, 274.
Chattanooga Creek, military bridge over, II., 315.
Chattanooga River, IX., 170.
Chntt-moofja, U. S. S., II., 297, 2.-K), 310; V., 202.
Cheat, Mountain, W. Va., I., 352.
Cheat River, W. Va., IV., 104.
Cheatham, Adj.. VII., 8<.
Chcatham, B. F., II., 320; III., 132, 134; X., 251, 264.
Cheatham, F., X., 20S.
Chesitham, W. S., I., 300.
"Cheer Boys, Cheer," K. C. Fos ter, IX., 310.
Cheney, J. W., I., 19.
Cherbourg, France, VI., 320.
Cherokee, U. S. S., III., 342.
Cherokees, II., 287.
Chesapeake, Va., VI., 314.
Chesapeake Bay, I., 88; II., 10; V., 80.
Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Va., VII., 233.
Chess game at headquarters, VIII., 241.
Chester Gap, Va., II., 320, 31-'- III., 28.
Chester Station, Va., III., 320.
Chesterfield, Va., IV., 120; bridge at, IV., 127.
Chestnut, J., X., 283.
Chevaux-de-friese, Atlanta, Ga., defenses, V., 199.
Chew, R. P., IV., 108.
Chewa Station, Ga., III., 326.
Chew's Va. Battalion, Confederate, I., 31)1).
Chicago, TIL, Camp Douglas: VII., 22, 73; mustering a regiment, VIII., 74.
Chichoster, C. E., I., 89, 165; VII., 4, 127, 157; VIII., 147.
Chickahominy, Va.: I., 278, 2S4, 285, 286, 287, 200, 314, 315, 316, 319; bridges at, I., 320; lower bridge, I., 321; Woodbury's bridge, I., 321, 330; III., 82, 81, 00; place where Gen. Stuart crossed, IV., 85 seq., 224; bridge over, IV., 227.
Chickahominy River: bridge at, V., 230, 310, 320; VIII., 158.
Chiekamauga, Ga.: I., 128, 132; a Confederate victory, II., 269- 288; the bloodiest conflict in the West, II., 272-288; position of the two respective armies at, II., 278; an excellent word picture of the battle of, II., 2S2, 284; battle field, II., 283; Union and Con federate losses at, II., 288; one of the most destructive battles of the war, that of, II., 288; sub ordinate generals of the North and South as recipients of the highest honors at, II., 288; Leet's tanyard at, II., .344; III., 115; IV., 34, 15S, 204, 254; artillery, Federal at, V., 48; entrenchments, Federal a*. V., 200, 208, 292: VII., 37; VIII., 238; IX.j 00, 101,
244 seq., 327, 345; X., 122; losses at.X., 120, 156.
Chickamauga Creek, Ga.: Lee & Gordon's mills, at II., 270; " The bloodiest battle-field of the Civil War," II., 270, 271, 298, 318; IX., 00, 101.
Chickasaw, Ala., III., 344.
Chickasaw, Miss., II., 204.
Chickasaw Bayou, Miss.: II., 184, 200, 328; VI., 221.
Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., II., 182, 185, 202.
Chickasaw, U. S. S., VI., 247.
Chirora, C. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 124, 239, 272, 318.
Childs, J. H., I., 331.
Chilesburg, Va., IV., 124.
Chillicothe, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 200, 208, 228.
Chilton, R. H., II., 50; X., 319.
Chimborazo Hospital, Richmond, Va., VII., 243, 204, 282 seq.
Chimliom.ro, canal-boat, VII., 2S2.
Chincoteague Inlet, Va., VI., 310.
Chippewa, U. S. S.: I., 302; III., 342.
Chisolm, J. J., VII., 250.
Choctaw. V. S. S.: I., 77; II., 180, 330; VI., 207.
Choper, R., VIII., 115.
Christ Church, Alexandria, Va., VII., 234; X., 53.
"Christmas Night of '02," W. (!. MeCabe, IX., 14S.
Chronological summary and record of historical events, I., 340.
Chronology: battles and action, I., 346-368; II., 320-352; III., 318-340: VI., 30S-322.
Chrysler, M. H., X., 223.
Church, W. C., II., 112; X., 7, 25, 20, 32.
Church, oldest in America, II., 351; built by engineers, VIII., 257.
Churchill', T., X., 257.
Churchill, T. J., II., 330.
Churchill's Battery, Confederate, I., 352.
Cilley, J. P., X., 209.
Cimtirron,_ U. S. S., VI., 310.
Cincinnati, Ohio, II., 04; armv re pair shops at, VIII., 40, 82.
"Cincinnati," horse of U. S. Grant, IV., 201-208; X., 301.
Cincinnati, U. S. S.: I., 182 *eq., 1H5, 222, 225, 237, 238, 350, 302; II., 187, 222; VI., 35, S3, 85, 149, 214, 210, 220, 221, 314, 318; IX., 271.
Cipher messages, VIII., 350.
Cist, H. M., X., 237.
Citico Creek, Tenn., II., 295.
"Citadel," at Port Hudson, II., 215; a "Quaker gun," II., 215.
Citi/ of Memphis, U. S. hospital boat, VII., 318, 319.
City Hospital, Richmond, Va., VII., 243.
City Point, Va.: I., 37; Gen'l Grant's headquarters at, I., 81, 133 .ST./.; III., 17, 181, 182, 183, 248, 320, 328, 334; cavalry stables at, IV., 57; V., 243, 200; camp of con struction corps, U. S. Military railroads at, V., 275; explosion at, V., 187; wharves burned at, V., 291; troops at, V., 291; VI., 114, 125, 275; VII., 00, 102, 107, 111- 221; "Bull Ring" at, VII., 185; the Planter bringing medical supplies to, VII., 227; General Hospital at, VII., 281; ambu lance trains at, VII., 313; guard ing supplies, VIII., 21; supplies shipped, VIII., 32; supplies, VIII., 39, 43; loading supply wagons, VIII., 53; N. Y. Thir teenth Art. at, VIII., 243; secret service headquarters at, VIII., 283, 357, 304, 368; U. S. military telegraph operators at, VIII., 359, 361; Grant and staff at, IX., 113; cemetery at, IX., 281; sol diers' graves, IX., 281; Grant at, X., 41.
Civil War: important battle grounds of, I., 2; map of important en gagements of, I., 2; Brady-Gard ner negatives, I., 18; photo graphic descriptions of, valuable records, I., 32 seq.; photographic history of, II., 1; bloodiest single day's fighting of the, II., 4; vari ous occupations and trades of the soldiers of the, II., 140; end of
the greatest, in history, III., 310; engagements of the, May, 1804- May, 1865, IIJ., 316-346; a hope less struggle from the point of view of a member of the Con federacy, IV., 204, 200; cam paigns, compared with European campaigns, VIII., 34, 30; its meaning, VIII., 42; losses in bat tle, X., 142; numbers and losses, X., 150.
"Civil War," C.D. Shanly, IX., 202.
" Civil War Garrison," St. Augus tine, Fla., II., 347.
Clanton, J. H., X., 253.
Clanton's Cavalry, Confederate, I., 360.
Claremont General Hospital, Alex andria, Va., VII., 235.
Clarence, brig., VI., 202.
Clarendon, Ark.: St. Charles River at, III., 324; VI., 223.
Clark, A. K., VIII., 139; X., 2.
Clark, A. M., I., 297.
Clark, C., I., 300: X., 277.
Clark, F. P., X., 101.
Chirk, J. B., X., 279.
Clark, S. M. E., VII., 125.
Clark, W. A., X., 2.
Clark, W. T., X., 205.
Clark, Fort, N. C. (see also Fort Clark, N. C.), VI., 269.
Clarke, F. N., I., 297.
Clarke, G. J., VIII., 327.
Clarke. J. F., IX., 154.
Clarke, J. W., VIII., 133.
Clarke, R., I., 287.
"Clarke's Cavalry," IV., 70.
Clark's Battery, Confederate, I., 352, 358.
Clark's Mountain, Va., II., 40.
Clarkson, T. S., X., 200.
Clarksville, Tenn., I., 225; II., 322.
Class of 1SOO, VIII., 185.
Clay, C. C., Jr., VIII., 204.
Clayton. H. D., II., 288.
Clayton, II. De I,., II., 288; X., 253.
Clayton, P., X., 207.
Cleburne, P. R,: II., 155, 172, 282, 322, 320; III., 110, 120, 122, 340; IV., 318; VIII., 103; X., 145,264.
Clergymen among (he volunteers, VIII., 101, 110.
Clem, "Johnny" drummer boy, VIII., 102.
Clendonin, C. R., VII., 209.
Clendenin's raid, II., 336.
Cleveland, G., IX., 29, 36; X., 138.
Cleveland, Ohio, mustering a regi ment, VIII., 74.
Clifton, Va.. IV., 194.
Clifton, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 190, 320.
Clinch Rifles, Augusta, Ga., VIII., 139, 141; X., 121; Macon, Ga., IX., 244 xeq.
Clinch River, II., 313.
Clingman, T. L., II., 328; X., 281.
Clinton, Sir Henry, IX., 321.
Clinton, Miss., II., 340, 344.
" Clinton Guard," N. Y. Sixty-first Inf., III., 201.
Cloth for uniforms, scarcity of, in the South, VIII., 142.
Clothing: for the armies, VIII., 54, 50; supply depots, Confederate, VIII., 50; supply depots U. S. army, VIII., 50.
Cloutersville, La., II., 352.
Cloyds Mountain, Va., III., 320.
Clustee, Fla., II., 349.
Clymer, C,., VI., 127.
Cobb, H.: II., 92, 94, 96; III., 230; VII., 100, 122; X., 263.
Cobb, T. R. R.: II., 81, 320, 328; X., 151.
Cobb's Hill Tower, Petersburg, Va., I., 37; VIII., 310.
Cobb's Point, N. C.: L, 350; Con federate battery at, VI., 312.
Cobham, G. A., Jr., II., 302.
Cocke, P. St. G., V., 64; X., 319.
Cochrane, J., X., 223.
Cockrell, F. M., II., 320; III., 340.
Cockrell, J. H., X., 279.
Cockrell's cavalry, Confederate. II., 320.
Cockrill, M. S., V., 65.
Cod° signals, VIII., 316.
Coe, C., IX., 351.
Coehorn mortars, V., 50, 54.
Coeur de I.ion, V. S. S., VIII., 374.
Coffeeville, Miss., II., 326.
Coggin's Point, Va., IV., 110.
Colburn, A. V., I., 257, 331, 337.
[ SCO ]
COLD HARBOR
INDEX
CORPS
Cold Harbor. Va.: I., 39, 366, 307; III., 11, 17. 78, 79 -S4, 85, 80-92, 180, 188, 190, 322; IV., 210-24.'.; Burnett House at, IV., 245; V., 21, 27, 70, 214, 239, 240, 200; VIII., 03, 110, 115; on the march to, VIII., 198, 199, 209, 2.10; IX., 348.
Cold water. Miss., II., 200; VI., 20S.
Cole, C. H., executed as a spy, VIII.,
.."'V.
Cole, D., VIII., 381, 289. Coleman, C., VII., 21.
Coloman, C. E., Confederate scout,
VIII., 292.
Colgrove, S., X., 203. Collins, N., VI., 271, 293, 294, 322. Colm's Battalion, I., 358. Colorado troops:
Cavalry: First, I., 360; Second, I., 3.58, 300. Colorado, IT. S. S.: I., 352; III., 340;
V., 267; VI., 48, 51, 188, 310. Colquitt, A. H., II., 07, 350; X.,
11.3. Colston, F. M., I., 14; V., 72; X.,
27.
Colston, R. E., III., 322; X., 109. Colt, C. S. S., VI., IOC. Columbia, S. C.: State armory at, I., 33; HI., 240, 241, 242, 243, I'M, 2.">1, 254, 256, 25S, 342; V., 166; DC., 100: scone in, IX., 313. Columbia Flying Artillery, I., 103. Columbia, C. S. S., VI., 123. Columbia, U. S. S., VI., 54. Columbiads: guns at Fort Totten, Va., V., 103; 10-inch guns, V., 133; 15-inch gun.s, V., 137; with iron bands added, V., 157; guns, V., 168.
Columbus, Ga., III., 340; V., 166. Columbus, Ky., I., 21 S, 223; II.,
183. Columbus, Ohio, state penitentiary
at, IV., 175; VII., 141, 150. Columbus, U. S. S., VI., 54. Coh-ill. W., I., 147; II., 214. Colyer, V., VIL, 17. Combahee River, S. C., III., 342. Commanders with veteran armies,
VIII., 240-244.
Commercialism of American people, X., 128; militant spirit subordi nated to. X., 128-138. Commissary: fleetthat fed the army, I., 315; buildings of, at Alex andria, Va., VIII., 38; factors in successful warfare, VIII., 44; headquarters of, IV., 49 seq. ; con tracts made by, VIII., 52; head quarters of, Army of the Poto mac, VIII., 213.
Commissary general of prisoners: Union and Confederate offices of, VII., 38, 40; of prisoners, selec tion of Northern site for prison by, VII., 64, 69; of prisoners, 1864, VII., 83; of prisoners in the North, efficiency of, VIL, 180, 182; of the Confederacy, unequal to his responsibilities, "VII., 182; of prisoners, records of arrest by, from February, 1862, till close of the war. VIL, 208. Commissioners for exchange of prisoners in the East and terms of exchange (July, 1862), VII.. 109. Commodore, wrecker engine, VIII.,
27.
Commodore Barney, U. S. S I , 356 Commodore Hull, U. 8. S., III., 31S Commodore Jones, U. S. S III .
320; VI., 320. Commodore Perry, U. S. S.: I., 356-
VI., 2B2, 263, 264, 316. Compton Forry, Mo., II., 320 Coimtock, C. B.. L, 81; IX., 113. Conestoqn, V: . S. S.: L, 189, 225, 356, 360; II., 196; VI., 214, 222, 310 312.
Confederacy, Capital of the, V., 108. Confederacy, Daughters of, L, 14
19.
Confederacy, ordnance of, V., 155. Confederate States of America: secret service of, I., 25; gallery of, at Baton Rouge, La., I., 31, 42; troops, view of, I., 27; earth works, L, 59; photographs, L, 86-110; photographs, unpub lished, L, 86, 87; enlistments and soldiers, L, 91. 93, 95, 97; troops, number of, L, 92; enlisting at
I«D ED.]
Natchez Court House, I., 93; army, numbers mustered into, L, 102; army, vital records of, L, 102; forces and losses during the wai, L, 102; uniforms, L, 103; archives, L, 100; cavalry, L, 131; entrenchments, Centreville, ^ a., L, 166; river breastworks, L, 263; ramparts southwest of Yorktown, I. ,263; provisionally organized at Montgomery, Ala., L, 340; Sixth Cav., L, 302; menacing Union cities, II., 04; fortifications, Port Hudson, La., II., 210; siege-gun mounted, Port Hud son, La., II., 211; Eighth Cav., II., 330; possessions, April, 1804, III., 16; prisoners, III., 26, 27, 286; breastworks, III., 41; dead of Ewell's corps, III., 61; dead, III., 63; photographs, III., 169- 171; army on the verge of starva tion, unsuccessful in obtaining supplies, III., 305, 309, 313; want versus Union abundance, applied to horses, IV., 107; cause, heavy blow to, by Gen. J. F. B. Stuart's death, May 12, 1804, IV., 109; damage caused by, IV., 118, 119; raids in the West, IV., 141 seq.; partisan bands, definition and usefulness of, IV., 168; partisan ranger, a famous character, re garded as a mythical figure by Union arms' officers and men, IV., 168, 170, 171, 172, 177; par tisan ranger, practical illustra tion of the work of, IV., 109; par tisan ranger, best known to the Union troops and most anxiously sought for; his exploits; raid (Morgan's) through Ohio and its effects upon the North, IV., 174; guerilla bands along the Missis sippi, IV., 179; guns, V., 55; gun ners, V., 59; government, VL, 54 seq.; the organization of navy, VL, 71, 72; navy, VL, 70, 290; navy, pay table of, VL, 90; Naval Academy, VL, 90; navy, pay of the officers of the, VL, 90; river defense fleet, VI. , 192; prisoners, Union capture of, not an un mixed evil for the former, VIL, 154, 155; medical department of, VIL, 222 seq., 278, 349 seq.; med ical sources of, VlL, 237 seq. ; medical service, VIL, 238; wound ed nursed in private houses, VII , 243; field hospital at Cedar Mountain, VIL, 245; wounded treated in homes of willing citi zens, VIL, 200; wounded, return to duty of, after five weeks' treatment, VIL, 200; organiza tion and personnel, medical de partment of, VIL, 349; govern ment disadvantages in transpor tation lines, VIIL, 40; quarter master general, VIIL, 46; sup plies for army, VIIL, 52; clothing the army, VIIL, 54; subsistence department, army supplies, VIIL, 54; quartermaster's department, contracts made in England, VIIL, 50; glimpses of the army, VIIL, 105 seq., 106; photographs, VIIL, 100, 171; army, efficiency of, VIIL, 112; soldiers, VIIl', 123; of '01, VIIL, 137 seq.; sta tistics of independent, military companies of, VIIL, 141; in the field, 155 seq.; soldiers at drill, VIIL, 159; soldier at work, VIIL, 161; wall tents, VIIL, 105- camp VIIL, 171; secret service, VIIL, 285 seq.; signals intercepted at Three Top Mountain. Va., VIIL, 320; headquarters at Gettvsburg Pa., VIIL, 327; battery at York- town, Va., VIIL, 371;'bill for re turning flags, IX., 38; government, organization of, IX., 44; Congress IX., 288; battle flags, return of, IX., 330; flags, return of, IV., 331- army, losses of, X., 148; army, summary of organization, X., 150; regiments, some casualties of, X., 150; regimental losses X.,
"Confederate Veteran, The," I., 19;
A., 2.)0. Omfederate Veterans, The United,
Conger, E. J., IV., 329.
Congress, U. S. S., L, 358; VI., 30
seq., 82, 156, 157, 166, 312. Conkle's Battery, II., 324. Connally, R., VIIL, 111. Connecticut: population in 1800, VIIL, 58; number troops lost, VIIL, 59; number troops furn ished, VIIL, 59. Connecticut troops:
Artillery, I/racy: First, L, 69, 270; III., 153 seq., ISO; V., 20, 28, seq., 51; officers of, V., 78, 171. Artillery, Lit/hi: First, L, 300; III., 184; V., 23; battery, Tyler's, three guns of, II., 87. Curnlry: First, L, 302. Infantry: First, L, 348; VIIL, 62; Second, L, 348; VIIL, 02; Third, L, 15!, 348; Third, at Camp Douglas, VIIL, 62; Fourth, V., 78; Fifth, II., 25; Sixth, L, 360, 300; II., 320; Seventh. L, 300, 360; II., 320, 350; Eighth, L, 358; Ninth, II., 320; Tenth, L, 356, 358; II., 348; Eleventh, L, 358; Twelfth, 330, 332; Thir teenth, II., 130; Sixteenth. II., 352; Eiehteenth, II., 330; Twenty- third, II., 330; Twenty-ninth (colored), VIIL, 02; Thirtieth (colored), VIIL, 02; Twenty-first, II., 348.
ConnerlicHl, V. S. S., VIL, 227. Connor, .L, X., 4; X , 285. Connor, P. E., X., 195. Connor, S., X., 209. "Conquered Banner," IX., 240, 243,
240.
Conrad, H., IV., 70. Conrad, J., X., 217. Conrad's Ferry, Md., V., 100. Constellation, U. S. S., VL, 195. Constitution, U. S. S., VI., 19, 44,
45, 65, 312; IX., 33. Constitutional Convention, VIIL,
110. C'ontinental Iron Works, N. Y.,
VL, 130.
"Continuous hammering," the pol icy of U. S. Grant, III., 24, 25. "Contraband" articles, VL, 70. "Contrabands," runaway slaves,
VL, 70; IX., 177, 181. Contractors, dishonest in fulfillment
of contracts, VIIL, 54. Contributors to the "Photographic History of the Civil War," L, 7. Convalescent camp: Camp Nelson, N. Y., VIL, 214: Alexandria, Va., VIL, 27G, 279, 287, 333. Cook, A. M., L, 300.; V., 27. Cook, G. S.: his photographic skill, L, 23, 24, 31, 42, 99, 100, 101; III., 170 seq.; VL, 207; VIIL, 31, 131.
Cook, H. H., IX., 311. Cook, P., X., 265. Cooke, G. B., X., 71. Cooke, G. R., VIL, 125. Cooke, J. R., X., 281. Cooke, J. W., VL, 87, 320. Cooke, St. G., IV., 47, 02, 220, 221,
225.
Cooking: in camp, VIIL, 32; by privates, VIIL, 120, 149; outfits, 200, 201.
Cookmau, G., VIL, 17. Cooks in the Army of the Potomac,
VIIL, 200.
Cooley, S. A., L, 35, 42. Cooley, photographer, Armv of
Tenn., VIIL, 25. Coon, D. E , III., 70. Cooper, D. H.: II., 324, 342;X.,275. Cooper, J., X., 211. Cooper, J. A., X., 93, 305. Cooper, J. H.: battery of, L, 22, 23;
III., 170, 177,178. Cooper, S., VIL, 100; X., 242, 243. Cooper's Battery, III., 170. Coosaw River, Port Roval, S. C'
L, 357.
Copchart, H., X., 311. Copeland, J. T., X., 215. Copp, E. J., L, 14. Corbett, B., VIL, 207. Corbin, Commander, U. S. N., VL,
47.
Corbin, H. C., X., 237. Corbin, T. G., VL, 127. Corby, Father, at Battle of Gettvs burg, VIIL, 100.
Corcoran, M.: L, 44; V., 70; his officers in Corcoran, Va., V., 77; VIL, 25, 29, 47, 58; VIIL, 72.
Corcoran, W. W.. X., 4.
Corinth, Miss.: L, US, 120, 198, 218, 230, 302,304; II., 9; assault on, II., 137; Tishomingo Hotel, II., 138, 139; Battery Williams at, II., 140, 142; Rosecrans holds firm, II., 142; Batterv Robinett at, II., 145; strategic advantages gained by the evacua tion of, by the Confederates, in 1802, II., 146; Battery Williams, II., 147; Southern assault on, ob ject of, II., 148; winter quarters at, II., 149; arrangement of battle-lines at, II., 150; photog raphers in, II., 151; vivid picture of assault on, II., 152; Battery Williams, II., 153; Ohio, Eighty- first Reg., II., 153; Battery Robinett, II., 153; Battery Powell, II., 154; Battery Robi nett, II., 150; Battery Williams, II., 150; Provost Marshal's head quarters. II., 157; Federal troops at, II., 158, 159; Battery Robi nett, II., 158, 159, 160; Union and Confederate losses at the battle of, II., 100, 100, 324; Corona College, VIL, 233; 111. fifty- seventh Inf. on parade at, VIIL, 258; losses at, X., 142, 156.
Cornwallis, Marquis of: V., 30 seq.; scene of surrender of, IX,, 285; 321; headquarters, Yorktown, Va., used as hospital, VIL, 259.
Corona College, Corinth, Miss., VIL, 233.
Corps, Union, history of, X., 180 set],
Corps, Union:
First,!., 307; Si-el's division, II., 33; crossing the Rappahannock, II., 91, 110; Reynolds' divis ion, II., 322; Sigel's division, II., 322; II., 324, 320, 32S, 334, 340, 340; IV., 235; V., OS; X., 180. 234. Second, L, 295, 297; II., 27, 01 ; Sedgwick's division, II., 05, 07, 110; Richardson's division, II., 320, 322, 324, 328, 330, 334, 340, 344, 346, 350; III., 37, 43, 45, 50, 62, 71. 77, 82, 84, 80, 90. 180, 181, 190, 190, 311, 318, 322,
321, 320, 32S, 330, 338, 340, 344, 340; IV., 119, 107, 272; V., 08; VIL, 154; V., 170, 240; VIL, 300; hospital, Gettysburg, Pa., VIL, 301; VIIL, 102, 198, 252; losses of, X., 159, 234.
Third, L, 70, 71; Kearney's division, L, 300; II., 21. 322; Mc Dowell's division, II., 21, 25, 110. 320, 322; Hooker's division, II., 320, 322. 320, 328, 334, 340, 342, 340; III., 318; V., OS; Provost- Marshals of, VIL, 191; at Brandy Station, Va., VIL, 309; X., 194, 234.
Fourth, Casey's division, L, 291 *cq.; I., 333; Couch's division, II., 324, 340, 348. 350; III., 110, 218, 254, 320, 322, 320, 338, 340; VIIL, 205, 210; IX., 115; X., 190.
Fifth Corps, L, 51, 70, 324; MorelPs division, L, 343: II., 110, 253, 322, 324, 328, 334, 340, 344, 346; III., 37, 58, 74, 81, 82,
90, 170, 181, 318, 322, 324, 320, 328, 330, 332, 338, 340, 342, 344; IV., 107, 207, 220; V., 21, 30, 220; VIIL, 252: IX., 243: X., 198.
Sixth Corps, L, 22, 23, 51; II..
91, 110, 113; Sedgwick's Division, II., 123, 120, 324, 328, 334, 33(5, 340, 340; III., 37, 43, 48, 50, 57, 82, 84, 86, 146, 152, 157, 162, 100, 18], 190, 2SS, 293, 294, 318,
322, 320, 328, 330, 332, 338, 342, 344, 340; IV., 43; train of supply wagons of, IV., 101 seq.; V., 10, 27, 49; VIL, 308; VIIL, 65, 198, 204, 231, 252; IX., 109, review, X., 163, 200.
Seventh Corps, II., 352; III., 322; X., 202; Department of Arkansas, X., 202, 204.
Eighth Corps, III., 105, 328, 330, 332, 338; X., 204.
Ninth C'orps, L, 43; Rturgis's Division, II., 73, 97, 322, 324, 328, 334. 340, 344, 346; III., 34, 37, 07, 82, 84, 90, 181, 190, 195, 198, 200, 204, 282, 294, 318, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 338, 344; medical officers of,
3301
CORPS
INDEX
DEER
Corps, Union — -Continued.
VII., 216; surgeons of, VII., Til, 281; leaving Aquia Creek in Feb., 1803, VIII., 37; mechanics of, VIII., 187, 201; chaplains of, VIII., 357; IX., 145; X., 206.
Tenth Army Corps, I., 42; III., 208, 320, 321, 322, 324, 320, 32S, 330, 332, 338, 340; VI., 313; X., 210.
Eleventh Corps, II., 110, 112, 119, 334, 340, 340; X., 212.
Twelfth Corps, II., 110, 324, 334, 340, 340; IV., 107; VII., 1S1; X., 214.
Thirteenth Corps, II., 328, 330, 334, 340, 310, 352; III., 328, 340, 344; V., 40; X., 210.
Fourteenth Corps. II., 340, 342. 344, 346, 348, 3.50; III., 110. 222, 320, 322, 320, 330, 340, 344; IX., 115; X., 218.
Fifteenth Corps, II., 330, 332, 334, 340, 344, 340; III., 120, 222, 227, 231, 233, 230, 239, 240, 320, 322. 320, 32S, 330, 33S, 342, 344; V., 40; VIII., 20S, 340; X., 220.
Sixteenth Corps, II., 334, 340, 340, 34S, 350, 352: III., 320, 322, 320, 328, 330, 340, 344; X., 222.
Seventeenth Corps, II., 330, 334, 344, 340, 34S, 351). 352: III., 118, 222, 320, 322. 320, 328, 330, 340, 342, 344, 345; V., 40; X., 224.
Eighteenth Corps, III., 84, 80, 90, 92, 190, 208, 320, 321, 322, 324, 320, 328, 338; V., 40, 240; X., 224, 220.
Nineteenth Annv Corps, I., 77, G rover's Division,' II., 130, 332, 350,352: III., 152, 154, 157, 100, 320. 320, 330, 332, 338; VI., 313; X., 163, 22S.
Twentieth Corps, II., 340, 344: III., 110, 13S, 222 32f), 322, 320, 330, 338, 340, 344, 347 seq.; IX., 99.;X.,163, 228, 230.
Twenty-first Corps, II., 340, 344; X., 230.
Twenty-second Corps, IV., 173: X., 230.
Twenty-third Corps, II., 340; III., 218,' 254, 320, 322, 338, 340, 342; X., 232.
Twenty-fourth Army Corps, III., 293, 342, 344, 340; X., 232.
Twenty-fifth Corps, III., 342, X., 232,234. Corps, Cavalry. Union:
Cavalry Corps, II., 330; III., 322; IV., 126: great activity of, from May 5ih -August 1, 1864, IV., 128; "South Carolina Expe- -liti >nal Corps, X., 236; of Army of the Potomac, X., 238; First Div., III., 322: X., 234, 236; Sec Hid Div., III., 322; IV., 233; Third Div., "boots and saddles," IV., 39; ammunition-train of, X.,
•in.
Corps, Confederate Armv, X., 240 seq.; Swell's R. S., III., 80; V., 132; Hardee's, W. J., III., 318; V., 70; Hill's, D. H., II., 230; Hood's, J. B., V., 48; Jackson's, T. J., "Stonewall," II., 03, 322, 324; Longstreet's. J., II., 322, 324, 344, 346, 348; V., 72; Folk's,!,. K., II., 330, 344; V., 70; Price's, Ster ling, II., 324; Cavalry, of the Army of Northern Virginia, IV., 76-114; Engineer, loss of records, V., 256; works around Richmond, Va., V., 260; Engineers, Virginia, V., 250, 258; Third Corps, artil lery equipment, V., 70; VIII., 106: Wheeler's Corps, X., 268.
"Corps D'Afrique," II., 205.
Correspondents, War, VIII., 293.
Corse, J. M., II., 304; III., 216, 218; X., 89.
Corse, M. D..X..317.
Corydon, Ind., IV., 134.
Coryphaeus, V. S. S., II., 330.
Coston signals, VIII., 316.
Cotton, C. S. S., II., 330.
Cotton: exports of , by the South in 1860 and 1861. VI., 20; increased value of, VI., 123; importance of, to Confederacy in '61, VI., 30, 32.
Cotton Plant, Ark. (see also Bayou Cache, Ark.), I., 368.
Couch, D. N.: II., 94, 108, 328, 334; X., 179, 190.
Courier, The, Rome, Ga., IX., 31.
[3D ED.]
Couriers: IV., 180; or despatch bearer, one instance of risk taken by, IV., 198, 200; the most dar ing and swiftest during the war, IV., 200, 202; Union and their hard-ridden horses, IV., 210, 211.
Courtland Bridge, Ala., I., 308.
Court-martial, VII., 181.
Courtney, W. A., VIII., 167.
Cove Spring, Ala., II., 277.
' 'Cover Them Over With Beautiful Flowers," E. F. Stewart, IX., 350.
Covington, Ga., III., 228.
Covinaton, U. S. S.: III., 318; VI., 230.
Cowan, A., and his men, V., 29, 31, 47; X., 2.
Cowan, J. B.. VII., 242, 244.
Cowan's batterv: V., 31, 30, 47; at Gettysburg, Pa., IX., 217.
Cox, J." D.: I., 364; II., 27, 74: III., 104, 254; IX., 107; X., 87, 208.
Cox, W. R., X., 281.
Coxe, J. R.: quarters at Brandy Station, Va., IX., 351.
Coxey's Landing, Va., III., 27.
"Cracker Line," from Kelley's Ferry, Tenn., II., 297, the open ing of, II., 297, 299; Hooker's famous, VIII., 34.
Cox's Landing, Va., VII., 97, 99.
Grain's Art., Confederate, I., 356.
Crampton's Gap, Md., II., 60.
Crane, C. H., VII., 224.
Crane, J., II., 141.
Crane, L. H. D., II., 25.
Craney Island, Va., VI., 314.
"Crater," the mine before Peters burg, Va., III., 193.
Craven, T. A. M., VI., 131, 252.
Craven, T. T.: I., 227; VI., 190, 206, 295, 297, 298, 300.
Crawfish Spring, Ga., II., 283.
Crawford, S. W.: with staff of, II., 25; III., 284, 324.
Crawford Sixth Virginia Cavalry, VII., 147.
Crenshaw, A. D., VIII., 113.
('recent, U. S. S., VII., 105.
"Crescent Regiment," New Or leans, La., IX., 343.
Crew's Farm, Va., I., 366.
Cricket, U. S. S.: VI., 04, 221, 232.
Crittenden, G. B., I., 180; II., 344; VIII., 103; X., 200.
Crittenden, R. D., VII., 133.
Crittenden, T. L.: I., 43, 20S, 30'); II., 170, 274, 33 ); VII., 215; VIII., 103: X., 193, 230.
Crittenden, T. T., X., 203.
Crocker, M. M., X., 205.
Cromwell, ()., IX., 128.
Crook, G.: III., 148, 152, 154, 158, 102, 324, 320, 332, 34 1: IV., 87, 114,258; quoted, VIII., 275; X., 177, 178.
Crooked Run, Front Royal, Va., III., 328.
Crosby, G. B., X., 2«9.
Crosby, P., VI., 190, 308.
Cross, D. R., II., 69.
Cross, E. K., I., 279; VIII., 102.
Cross Keys, Va.: I., 309, 310, 300; IV., 102.
Cross Lanes, W. Va., I., 3.50.
Croxton, J. T.: III., 252; IV., 140; X., 2»7.
Cruft, C., II., 318; X., 87, 203.
Cruisers: Confederate, capture:! vessels fitted out as, VI., 82; de struction wrought by, VI., 2'), 25, 30; first to get to sea, VI., 80; prizes of, VI., 290 seq.; the first built with Confederate funds, VI., 291, 292, 293, 299.
Crump Hill, La., II., 350.
Crump's Landing, Tenn., I., 200 seq., 200.
Cub Run, Va., II., 45; V., 20 seq.
Culbertson's Art., Confederate, I., 356.
Cullmann, F., quoted, X., 124.
Cullum, G. W.. VII., 33').
Culneper, Va.: I., 39; II., 38, 57, 228, 344; Meade's headquarters at. II., 345; streets of, III., 31; IV., 101; V., 34 seq.; mansion of J. M. Botts, VII., 195 srq.; John M. Botts and familv, VII., 197; VIII., 124.
Culpeper Court House, Culpener, Va.: II., 10, 21, 26, 28, 229; III., 17, 28, 30, 34; IV., 92, 106, 118, 233; V., 32 seq.; Confederate pris oners confined at, VII., 33.
Culp's Hill, Gettysburg, Pa., II.,
231, 238, 257.
Culp's House, Ga., III., 322. Cumberland, Ind., III., 346; IV.,
114.
Cumberland, Va., I., 274, 275. Cumberland, U. S. S., I., 358; VI.,
36 seq., 82, 100, 102, 156, 166,
269, 308, 312. Cumberland, Department of, II.,
296.
Cumberland Gap, Ky., I., 180. Cumberland Gap, Tenn., I., 366;
II., 313, 342. Cumberland Iron Works, Tenn.,
II., 322, 330. Cumberland Landing: I., 51, 274,
282 seq.; Federal cavalry camp
at, IV., 47 Ki-q.; Follen's House,
VIII., 2i!9; bivouac, IX., 133. Cumberland Mountains, Ky., II.,
177, 274. Cumberland Ravine, Ga.: trestle
over, V., 297; trestle below the
Chattahoochie bridge, military
train on, V., 299. Cumberland River, Tenn.: II., 106;
railroad bridge across, IV., 155;
VI., 209, 318. Cumberland Valley, Tenn.: view
from Nashville Military Acad emy, IV., 155. Cumming, A., X., 265. Cummings, S. \V., VI., 301. Cummings' Point, Fort Johnson,
S. C., II., 333. Cunningham, .!., VIII., 151. Cunningham, J. S., VI., 127. Cunningham, S. A., L, 14, 19; X., 7,
27, 290.
Curlew, C. S. S., I., 350. Curtis, B. R., VII., 202. Curtis, G. W., IX., 34. Curtis, N. M.. X., 221. Curtis, S. R., I., 385; II., 194; VII.,
190, 201; X., 170. Cushing. A. II.: II., 205; IV., 322;
IX., 217.
dishing, S. T., VIII., 308. Cushing, W. B.: II., 205; III., 338;
IV., 257, 27li; VI., 322. Cushman, Pauline, a Federal spv,
VIII., 273. Custer, G. A.: I., 289 .my.; III., 42,
100, 164, 332, 338, 340; IV., 11,
29. 61, 96, 108, 110, 122, 128, 234,
236, 250, 2.51, 2.52, 2.58, 259,
260, 2C1, 202, 275 seq.; 282, 297;
VIII., 190. 234.
Custis, G. W. P., IX., 12.5; X., .57. Custis, M., IX., 12.5, 228. Custis, Mary L., X., 57. Custis Mary R., X., 54. Cutler, E. ,L, IX., 78, 80. Cutler, L., X., 3!)9. Cutt's Artillery, Confederate, L,
356.
Cuyler. R. M., V., 170. fiiHlrr. U. S. S., III., 342. Cynthiana, Ky., I., 308; III., 324.
D
Da Costa, B. VII., 220. Dabney, R. G., X., 103.
Dabney's Mills, Va., III., 342.
Ducotah, C. S. S., VI., 48, 109.
Daguerre, L. J., and his daguerreo type, I., 38.
Dahlgren, ,1. A.: I., 100; II., 342; III., 227, 230; VI., 23, 43, 120, 173; and staff. VI., 126; VIII., 334, 33.5; IX., 334.
Dahlgren, U.: I., 113; II., 3.50; IV., 90, 121 seq., 122, 123, 124; guns, V., 33, 308; VI., 60.
Dahlia, U. S. S., VI., 228.
Dailv life of the soldier in 1861, VIII., 88.
D. A. January, U. S. hospital ship, VII., 318, 319.
Dallas, Ga., III., 114, 110, 322.
Dallas, Mo., I., 3.50.
Dalton, Ga.: I., 12.8, 130: II., 177, 274, 283, 314, 318; III., 16, 10.5, 106, 122, 126, 130, 218, 332; en trenchments, Confederate, at, V., 208; Atlanta campaign, VII., 206; VIII., 32.5.
"Dan," the horse of Gen'l Mc- Clellan, IV., 304.
Dana, E. L., II.. 324.
Dana, N. J. T., X., 217.
Dandelion, U. S. S., III., 236.
Dandridge, S. IV., 300.
Dandridge, Tenn., II., 348.
Daniel, J., III., 70, 320; X., 155.
Daniel, J., Jr., X., 2.
Daniel Webster, U. S. hospital boat, VII., 336.
Dantzler battery, of Virginia, VI., 265.
Danville, Ky., II., 332.
Danville, Va., III., 306.
Danville Railroad, Va., III., 280.
Darbytown Road, Va., III., 332.
Darksville, Va., III., 326.
Darnestown, Md. (see also Pritch- ard's Mills, Md.), I., 352.
"Daughter of the Regiment," C. Scollard, IX., 71.
Daughters of the Confederacy, I., 14, 19; of Charleston, S. C., I., 100; IX., 347.
Daughters of Veterans, X., 296.
Damn's Battery, Union, L, 356.
Dauphin Island, Ala., VI., 253.
Davenport, Iowa, prison at, VII., 66.
Darid, C. S. S., VI., 267, 320.
Davidson, C. C., I., 179.
Davidson, H., VI., 79.
Davidson, H. B., X., 299.
Davidson, J. W., II., 342, 344; X., 311.
Davies, H. E., X., 95.
Davies, T. A., II., 1.50, 1.52, 324.
Davis, C. E., VIII., 327.
Davis, C. H.: I., 94, 221, 240, 245, 249; II., 194, 198, 200, 238, 284; VI., 35, 58, 100, 115, 150, 169, 220, 223, 314.
Davis, E. J., X., 307.
Davis. G., X., 13.
Davis. G. B., VII.; 98.
Davis, H., X., 201.
Davis, J.: I., 83, 202, 283, 296: elected Provisional President of the Confederate States of Ameri ca, I., 346; inaugurated President of the Confederate States at Montgomery, Ala., I., 340, 367; II., 24; III., 130, 216, 240, 283, 298, 302, 304, 310, 340; IV., 290; V., 158; VI., 74, 114, 290; VII., 20, 52, 103, 104, 117, 173, 176, 199, 207, 210, 212, 239 seq., 292, 351; VIII., 254, 282; quoted, IX., 93, 288; children of, IX., 289; quoted, IX., 290; election of, IX., 291; inauguration of, IX., 291, 293; when captured, IX., 295; as prisoner, IX., 295; flight south, IX., 295; b-ul-bond of, IX., 297; in dictment of, IX., 299; after release from prison, IX., 299; X., 40, 02, 68.
Davis, Mrs. J., IX., 288, 289, 293.
Davis, J. C.: II., 172; III., Ill, 112, 120; X., 76, 189, 220.
Davis, J. R., X., 277.
Davis, M., IX., 289.
Davis, V. A., "Winnie," IX., 289.
Davis, W. G. M., X., 261.
Davis, W. H., son of Jefferson Davis, IX., 289.
Davis' Bridge, Miss., II., 160.
Dauliuht, U. S. S.: I., 362; VI., 316.
Day's Gap, Ala., II., 332.
Day's Point, Va., V., 30(5.
Dayton, L. M., I., 248.
"Dead Line," at Andersonville, Ga., VII., 175.
Dean, F. J., X., 292.
Dearing, J., III.. 330; X., 157.
Deas, Z. C., X., 255.
De Camp, J., VI., 190.
Decatur, Abu: II., 297; III., 322, 338; VI., 233; officers' quarters at, VIII., 207; pontoon-bridge at, VIII., 207.
Decatur, Ga., III., 138.
Decatur, 111., home of the G. A. R., X., 292.
Declaration of Independence II., 234.
Decoration Day odes, EX., 28.
De Courcy, J. F., II., 185.
Dechard, Tenn.: Elk River bridge at, II., 273.
Deeds of valor, IX., .56 seq.
Deems, J. M., X., 211.
Deen Bottom, Va.: III., 326; IV., 242; pontoon-bridge at, V., 241.
Deep Run, Va.. turnpike at, V., 320.
Deer, British blockade runner, VI 265.
DKKR CKKKK
Deer Creek, Mis*.. II.. 332 Drrrhoumt, English yacht, VI., 289.
302. 304.
D'fenrf, C. S. S.. VI., 1!I2. Deford. .1. \V., VIII., 325. I),. Forrest. S.. VII., 1*1- IVitzl.-r, C. W.. X., 207. It. K;l>.. I . S. S.. II.. 332. De Kay. D.. VIII., M.
Delati.-ld, C., V., -M.
De Lagncl. J. A.. V., 161, 170. Delaware: enlistments in the war,
VIII., 102. Delaware troops:
Artilleru: Kemper'a Art., Alex andria, Va., V., i,<(.
I,tf,,,,try: First, VIII., 102; X.,
Debitmre, V . S. S.: I., 356; VI., "-4. De Leon, a Confederate surgeon,
VII., 222.
Dennis. E. S.. X., 201. Dermisoii. \V. X.. I., 287. Dent. K. T.. IX., 113. Denver. .1. W., X., 195. Departments:
Cumberland, the cavalry forces
of, X., 230. Gulf, the, VIII., 248. North Carolina, the, V., 70. Ohio, the, VIII., 27(i. Pacific, the, DC., 93. South, the, III.. 326. Texas, the, VII., 28 seq. Trans-Mississippi, V., 258. Virginia and North Carolina, X.,
17*.
D'Epineul Zouaves, VIII., 80. De Russy, G. A., X., 31} 1. Deshler.'J., II., 288; X., 153. Desolations of the war, IX., 273. De Soto. I., 221, 240. Destroyed village. IX., 273. "Destruction of war," photographic
illustrations of. III., 343, 343. De Trobriand, P. R . VIII., 72. 97;
X.,333.
Detroit, Mich.: raises a loan for state war equipment, VIII., 71; mustering a regiment, VIII., 74. D'l'tassy, VIII., SO. Dcvcaiix's Xeck, S. C., III., 340. Devens, C.: II., ill, 117, 334; X.,
315, 290.
Devil's Back Rone, Ark., II., 342. Devil's Den, I., 71); II., 34*. 349. Devin, T. C.: IV., 242. 24S; and
staff, IV., 349, 25s. 260, 381. Dewees, Lieut., IV., 315. Dewey, C,., VI., 319. Dewey, J. A., X., 3^i>. Diana, C. S. S., II., 332. Diana, I". S. S.. II., 330, 332. Dibrell, G. G., X., 295. Dickinson. J., war students of two continents, I., 113; X., 209. "Dictator": the 17, (XX) pound mor tar, and its operators. III., 184, 1H5, 188, 187; travelling Coehorn mortar, V., 51. Dictator, I". S. S., VI., 130. Dill's Branch, Term.: I., 204 seq.,
205.
Dirnick, J., VII., 56, 65. Dinwiddie Court House, Ya.: III.,
284, 344; IV., 258; IX., 243. Diplomacy: Confederate, VI., 32, 2!M; Federal, VI., 25, 299; For- ei<m,of Russia.inCivil War. VI.,31. Discipline, difficulties of, VIII., 88. District of Columbia troops:
Cnmlru: First, III., SIX, 332; IV., 329; VIII., 2S2; colored, III., 322. Dix, J. A.: VII., 102, 104, 109, 106,
346; VIII., 21)1; X., 185, 202. Dix, Mrs. .1. A., VII., 250. "Dixie," A. Pike, IX., 1(14. "Dixie,"Dan Emmet,I.,16; IX.,347. "Dixie," J. Savage, IX., 348. Dixie, ship, VI., 122. Dixon, G. K., VI., 276. Dobbin Fern-, Term., II., 320. Dock»ry, T. P., X., 359. Doctor's gig on the Mississippi,
VII., 317.
Dodd, If. W., VIII., 281. Dodge, G. M.: I., 1(1; III., 346; X.,
21, 24, 222. Dodge, T. A.: III., 278; IX., 101-
103; quoted, IX., 106; X., 120. Dodge, V. S. S., VI., 82. Doles, G., III., 5S;X., 155. Dolphin, V. S. S.. VI., 54. Donaldson, K., VI., 100, 1!I3.
[2o ED.]
INDEX
Donaldson, a messenger of the State
Department, VI., 35. Donaldson ville, La.: I., 250; II.,
331, 340, 342. Donelson, D. S., X., 137. Donelson, Fort, Tenn.(see also fort
Donelson, Tenn.), I., 184, 356. Donelson, Term., surrender of, I.,
Donner, Lieut., VII., 289. Donohoe, M. J., II., 327. Doolittle, C. C., X., 215. Doren, D.: VIII., 351, 361, 363, 366,
"DorothyQ.,"O.W. Holmes, DC.,33. Doubteday, A.: II., xx, 241, 243;
IV., 235- V., 40; IX., 221; X., 1X6. Doughty, ,L, VIII., 281. Douglas, 11. K.: quoted, II., 60, 62;
X., 103.
Douglas, IL T., I., 105. Douglas, R. H., VI., 113. Douglas, S. A., VII., 23; IX., 251. Douglas Landing, Ark., III., 342. Douty, J., III., 200. Dover, Tenn. (see also Fort Donel son, Tenn.), I., 1X4, 356; VI., 2011. Dow, E. C., III., 18(i. Dow, X.. VII., 45, 164; X., 209. Dowdall's Tavern, Va., II., 119. Downie, M., I., 147. Dowson, G. W., I., 87. Draft animals in military service,
VIII., 50. Draft riots in New York City, II.,
342.
Drnaon, V. S. S., VI., 318. Drainesville, Ya., I., 354, 356. Drake, J. F., I., 18. Dranesville, Va., IV., 78. Drawings made on field, VIII., 31. Drayton, P.: VI., 242, 243; IX., 107. Drayton, T. F.: I., 354; VI., 270;
home of, IX., 353; X., 283. "Dreaming in the Trendies," W.
G. McCabe, IX., 150. "Dred Scott" case, VII., 202. Dredge boat, Dutch Gap canal,
Ya., V., 245. Dresden, Ky., I., 362. Dreux, C. IX, I., 111. Dreux's Louisiana battalion, VIII.,
149.
Drew, C. IL, VII., 63. Drewry's Bluff, Ya.: I., Ill, 119,
276'; III., 11, 320; Federal
failure to take, III., 93-98; V.,
243, 310, 312, 315, 317; VI., 1X2,
314.
Drigg, E., X., 2. Drill for removing wounded, VII.,
397.
Drillard, J. P., X., 19. Drilling recruits, VIII., 1X2, 1S4. "Driving Home the Cows," K. P.
Osgood, IX., 236. Droop Mountain, Ya.. II. , 346. Drum, R. C'.: suggests return of
Confederate battle-flags, IX., 36. Drumgould's Bluff, Miss., VI., 207,
316. Drummer Boys: N. Y. Eighth Reg.,
VIII., 179; in full dress, VIII.,
195; off duty, VIII., 195, 237;
Confederate, 'VIII., 383. "Drum-taps," Walt Whitman, IX.,
21, 254.
Dry Forks, Mo. (see also Carth age, Mo.), 1,348. Dry Wood, Mo., I., 350. Dryer, IL, IV., 231. Duane, J. C., V., 240. Du Barry, W. D., VII., 125. Dubois, D. M., X., 265. Ducat, A. C., X., 19. Duck River, Tenn., VI., 69, 318. Duff, W., X., 49. Duff, W. I,., IX., 113. Duffle, A. N.: II., 25; III., 324, 326;
IV., 88, 177, 224, 226, 233 xeq. Dug Springs, Mo., I., 350, 367. Dugan, "Jimmie," a bugler bov,
VIII., 189.
Duganne, A. J. IL, VII., 96. Duke, B. W.: II., 326; IV., 144,
148. 150;VIL, 21, quoted, IX., 346. Dulany, R. H., IV.. 104. Dumfries, Ya., II., 328. Dummy battery, Seabrook Point,
S. C., VIII., 183. "Dummv Guns," I., 163. Duncan,' A., VIII., 109. Duncan, .1. K., I., 234; X., 273. Dunkcr's chapel, Antietarn, Md.,
II., 70.
Dunn, W. S., I., 81.
Dunns Bayou, Red River, La., III., 318.
Dimovant, J., X., 157.
Du Pont, S. F.: I., 354, 357; IL, 351 • VI., 47, 100; on deck of H'abash with his officers, VI., 103, 115. 120, 125, 127, 171, 270, 271, 310, 311, 318; IX., 48, 51, 336.
Dupre", G. W., VII., 125.
Durham Station, N. C.: III., 247: Bennett house near, III., 247; VII., 203.
Duryee, A., Fifth N. Y., VIII., 80, X., 221.
Dutch Gap, Va.: digging under fire at, I., 49, 113, 119; III., 98; V., 133, 141, 343; dredge boat at, V., 245, 305, 309, 315; VI., 131; VII., 115, 176; negro pickets, IX., 179.
Dutton, A. IL, X., 141.
Dutton Hill, Ky., II., 332.
Duvall's Bluff, Ark., VI., 223.
Dwight, C. C., VII., 105, 112.
Dwight, W., X., 223.
Dyer, A. R., IX., 266.
"Dying Words of Stonewall Jack son," Sidney Lanier, IX., 25.
Dyke. Major,' Minnesota First Inf., I., 147.
E
Eads, J. B.: I., 1X5, 216 seq., 223; VI., 58, 129, 148, 150, 214; IX., 271; Eads ironclads, VI., 144.
Eagle, H., VI., 45.
Early, J. A.: I., 68, 110, 125, 131, 270; II., 29, 113, 122, 128, 256, 346; III., 1.8. 56, 86, 90, 140, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 153, 102, 104, 168, 324,320, 328, 330, 332, 338, 340, 342; IV., 100, 248, 252, 260, 203, 208; attack on Washing ton, D. C., V., 27, X9, 106, 248, 250; VII., 147; VIII., 18; threat ened Washington, D. C., VIII., 65, 109, 320, 329, 340; attack on Washington, IX., 155, 201; X., 160, 345, 248.
Earnshaw, W., X., 296.
E. A. Mftens, f. S. S., VI., 314.
East Gulf blockading squadron, VI., 125.
East Point, Miss., III., 13.8.
East Woods, Md., II., 61.
Eastin, G. B , IV., 154, 156.
Eastman, T. W., VI., 242.
East port, Miss., VII., 145.
East port, C. S. S., VI., 312.
Eastport, V. S. S., VI., 228, 232.
Eaton, E. B., I., IX, 52.
Echols, J., IL, 346; X., 105.
Eckort, T. T.: VIII., 346 seq.; X., 21, 24.
Eclipse, steamer, VI., 322.
Ector, M. D., X., 315.
Edisto Island, S. C., I., 359.
Edisto River, S. C., VI., 236.
Edwards, A., IL, 297, 311.
Edwards, C. J., VII., 240.
Edwards, J., X., 205.
Edwards, .1. D.: I., 4, 42; V., 159; VIII., 31, 121.
Edwards, N. ().: photographer, VI., 17; IX., 163.
Edwards, ()., X., 213.
Edwards Ferry, Ya. (see also Ball's Bluff, 'Va.), I., 34X, 352; VIII., 88.
Egan, T. W., III., 76; X., 223.
Eggleston. G. C.: L, 103, 312, 340; quoted, III., 28, 39; IX., 166, 178.
"Egypt," horse of U. S. Grant, IV., 290.
Egypt Station, Miss., III., 342.
Election Day in 1864, plots of Con federates in New York and Chi- ^ cago, VIII., 300, 302.
Elizabeth, N. ,L, home of Winfield Scott, X., 165.
Elizabeth City, N. C., L, 356.
Elizabeth Court House, W. Ya., IV., 106.
Elizabeth River, Va.: V., 258- VI., 157, 158.
EUzabethtown,Ky.:II.,328;IV.,148.
Elk Mountain, Md.: signal station at, VIII., 320, 321.
Elk River, Ala., L, 213, 362.
Elk River, Tenn.: bridge over, at Pulaski, Tenn., L, 212, 213; IL, 137, 178, 342.
ERA
Elk River, near Dechard, Tenn., bridge over, IL, 273.
Elkhorn, Ark., L, 365.
Elkhorn Tavern Ark., L, 358.
Elkins, J. A., VII., 207.
Elkins Ferry, Ark., IL, 352.
Ellerson's Mill, near Mechanicsville, Va., L, 317, 322, 364, 366.
Ellet, A. W.: L, 240; VI., 35, 69, 151, 209, 314, 310.
Ellet, C., Jr.: L, 236, 239 seq., 240 seq., 241, 2(2; death of, L, 246; VI., 35. 83, 220.
Ellet, C. R., VI., 151, 220, 318.
Ellet, J. A., VI., 151.
Elliot, S., Jr : I., 100, 101: III., 191; VI., 272; X., 157.
Elliott, Thomas, VII., 181.
Elliott, W. I..: III., 318; X., 87.
"Elliott Grays," Virginia Sixth Inf., VIII., 383.
Elliott's Salient, Petersburg, Ya., III., 193. 195, 205.
Ellis, C. S. S., L, 356.
Ellis Ford. Ya., Federal court mar tial at, VII., 181.
Ellis's Bluffs, La., IL, 181.
Ellsworth, A. A. :IV., 148; VIII., 3(12.
Ellsworth, E. E.: zouaves of New York Eleventh Inf., L, 165, 346, 351 KI'<I.\ a facsimile of last letter of, L, 351; VI., 94; IX., 346.
Elmira, N. Y.: prison at, VII., 77; prisoners at, VII., 79; statistics of mortality at, VII., 81; only view showing whole camp, VII., 81; Confederate prisoners es caped from, VII., 147; artillery, on guard at, VII., 149; sentry on guard' at, VII., 151; changing guard at, VII., 167.
"Elsie Venner," O. W. Holmes, IX., 33.
Elson, IL W.: L, 7, 9, 10; II., 7. 9; III., 11.
Eltharn's Landing, Va., L, 362.
Ely, A., VII., 257.
Ely, R., III., 301; X., 215.
Ely, Congressman, VII., 17X.
Ely's Ford, Va., III., 37; IV., 121.
Elyton, Ala., IV., 140.
Elzey, A., L, 3(56; X., 105.
Emancipation Proclamation: L, 65, 07; II. , 31, 78; written in tele graph office, VIII., 34X.
Emerick, .1. IL, VIII., 301, 363.
Emma, V. S. S., III., 342.
Emmet, D., IX., 347.
Emmittsburg, Md.: IL, 238 seq.; IV., 75, ,80, 230.
Emmitsburg Road, Md., IV., 32.
Emmittsburg Road, Va., V., 74.
Emory, W. IL: IL, 332; III., 116, 154, 106, 332; X., 191, 228.
Emory College, Ga., IX., 29.
Empress, 1". S. hospital boat, VII., 318, 319
Enchantress, C. S. S.: VII., 29, 34, 47.
Enfield rifle, VIII., 82.
Engagements of the Civil War: losses on both sides, August, 1802-April, 1804, IL, 320 352; III., 317.
Engineer officers: Confederate, lack of training of, V., 258.
Engineer service: Confederate rem iniscences of the, V., 250.
England:
English criticism of the armirf of the North, L, 82, 84; English and other foreign military men with Union army, L, 117; Eng lish navy, VI., 38; supplies pur chased from, Confederate, VIII., 54; contracts with, VIII., 56; purchase of rifles, VIII., 82.
English, E., VI., 311.
"Enlisted Soldiers,'1 a song, IX., 352.
Enlistments: from various states, VIII., 102, 103, 141, 225. 251.
Entrenchments: Confederate en trenchments at Centreville, L, 166; fortification, V., 193; objec tions to making, V., 194; rapidity of construction, V., 196; Confeder ate, in the \Vest, V., 206; method of construction, V., 210 seq.; best types of, V., 216; digging by Sher man's men, VIII., 207.
Eolux, U. S. S., III., 342.
Equipment: expenses for each sol dier, VIII., 56.
Em, No. 5, C. S. S., VI., 318.
[ 33(2 ]
ERICSSON INDEX FORT HELL
Ericsson .] VI , 56 130 131, 135, ing despatch before ascending in Finch, F. M., "The Blue and the 144, 145, 158, 160, 1(51, 163, 256,
138 J79." the balloon, VIII., 381; IX.,56.vr,,.; Gray," IX., 28, 270, 271. 2(52, 273 seq., 27S seq., 280, 282;
Escapes from prison: first place in Widow Allen's house at, IX., Finegan, .].: II., 340; VIII., 103. VII., 145, 242; VIII., 206, 275,
the hearts of thousands of pris- 59; Seven Fines, battle of, IX., Finaal, C. S. S. (see also Atlanta, 290; IX., 247; X., 21, 48, 249, 278.
oners, VII., 131, 132- uppermost 59; losses at, X., 142, 156. C. S. S.), VI., 75. Forrest, W. H., VII., 145.
idea in mind of prisoner next to Fair Oaks Farm, Ya., I., 288, 290. Finley, C. A.. VII., 224, 347. Forrest, Tenn., I., 356, 358.
that of being exchanged. VII., Fair Oaks Station, Va.: I., 292, 294, Finley, , I. J., X., 261. Forrest, C. S. S., I., 350.
131-152; ingenious plans for, 296. Finnegan, .1., II., 350. Forster, W., VIII., 360.
VII , 138 140 142; one of the Fairchild, L., X., 296, 30.:). Finney's Battalion, Confederate, I., Forsyth, G. W., IV., 310.
most celebrated ones, November Fairfax, Va.: VIII., 112; band at, 364. Forsyth, J. W., IV., 260,261; X.,
27 1863, bv Gen. Morgan and VIII., 235. Fire rafts: used by Confederates, 233.
some of his companions, VII., Fairfax Court House.Va.: I., 44, 348; VI., 189, 194. 198, 200, 204. Forsyth, Mo., I., 350
140, 150, 152; escape of Union II., 43, 53, 330; IV., 167 seq., 171, "Fire-eater," horse of J. E. Johns- Forsytlie, T. W., VIII., 39.
officers from prison by tunneling, 178, 209; V., 27; IX., 265. ton, IV., 318. Fort Abercrc.mbie, Minn., VIII.,
VII., 142; tools used* by prison- Fairfax Road, Va., II., 43. " First call to arms," effect of, 79.
ers in, VII., 142, 144; Col. Ma- Fairfield, Pa., II., 340. VIII., 68. Fort Adams, Miss., VI., 149.
goffin's escape, July 24, 1862, Fnirplmj, C. S. S., VI., 316. "First German Rifles," N. Y., Fort Albany, Ya., V., 94.
VII., 144- Confederate prison at Falconer, K., VIII., 149. Eighth State Militia, VIII., 87. Fort Anderson, Kv., II., 350.
Salisbury, N. C., interesting Falconer, T. W., VIII., 151. Fisher, B. F., VIII., 314, 317, 333. Fort Andersen, N. C., III., 342.
stories of VII., 144. 146, 148; Falconet, E. T., V., 65. Fisher's Fort, N. C. (*ee also Fort Fort Barker, Ala., II., 167.
\ndersonville. VII., 148, 150. Falling Waters, Md., I., 348; II., Fisher, N. C.), VI., 259, 2C5. Fort Barrancas, Fla.: I., 4, 86; II.,
E^ex U S S- I., 182 seq.; after 342. Fishers' Hill, Ya.: III., 156, 158, 351; VIII., 157.
Fort Henry, I., 183, 185. 191, 223, Falling Waters, W. Va.: II., 267; 1.59, 162, 328, 332; IV., 249, 263. Fort Beauregard, S. C.: VI., 58, 148,
35(>, 368; II., 198; VI., 129, 187, the affair at, July 1, 1861, IV., Fishing Creek, Ky. (see also Mill 270, 310.
195 214,216,220,316. 76,78. Springs, Ky.), I., 356. Fort Bennett, Ya., V., 95.
Este G. P., X., 235. Falls Church, Va., IV., 78, 79, 171. Fisk, C. B., X., 217. Fort Blakely, Ala.: III., 344; VI.,
Estes, L. G., X., 209. Falmouth, Ya.: I., 302; II., 84, Fiske, J., quoted, II., 166, 272. 260; capture d, IX., 247.
Kitrella V S. S.: II., 330; VI., 318. 106, 128; III., 3!>, 201; ambu- Fitch, G. A., I., 306. Fort Bowyer, Ala., VI., 244.
Etowah Bridge, Ga., III., 111. lance train at, VII., 314, 315; Fitch, G. N.: II., 194; VI., 314. Fort Brady, Ya., III., 323; V., 305.
Etowah Hiver, Ga.,III.,17, 112, lis. VIII., 243; foreign attache's at, Fitch, LeR., VI., 69, 209. Fort Butler, La., II., 331, 340.
"Eulogy of Sunmer," L. Q. C. La- IX., 185. Fitzhtigh, W. E.. VI., 322. Fort Carroll, Giesboro, D. C., IV.,
mar, "IX., 301. Falmouth Station, Va., II., 85. Fitzpatrick, .T.. VII., 181. 333 seq.
Eu.stice, G. IX., 209. " Famous chargers," IV., 289-318. Five Forks, Ya.: III., 288, 305, 344; Fort Castle, Miss., II., 195.
Eustis, H. I,., X., 213. " Fancy," horse of T. J. Jackson, V., 264; battle of, IX., 243. Fort Caswell, N. C., VI., 238, 291.
Evacuation of Johnsonville, Tenn., IV., 293. Flags used in signalling, VIII., 308, Fort C. F. Smith, Ya., V., 85, 95,
IV., 163 seq. Fanny, C. S. S., I., 356. 316. 107, 125.
Evans, C. A., X., 263. Funny, U. S. S., VI., 100, 310. Fleetwood, pilot, VII., 139. Fort Clark, Hatteras Inlet, N. C.,
Evans, G. S., X., 195. Farenholt House, Yorktown, Va., Fleetwood Hill, Va., IV., 84, Mi. VI., 100, 102, 268, 310.
Evans, N. G.: I., 154 xeq., 155, 157, VIII., 317. Fleming, W. L., I., 41; X., 7, 28, 78 Fort Clinch, Fernandina, Fla., II..
366; II., 59. 328; X., 285. Farmington, Miss, I., 362. xeq. 351.
Evans, R. I)., VI., 259. Farmville, Va., III., 306, 346; Fletcher, A., quoted, IX., 342. Fort Columbus, N. Y., VII., 38.
Evansville, Ind.: U. S. marine hos- VIII., 102; engagement at, IX., Flint, E. A., cavalry horse of, IV., Fort Corcoran, Va., V., 77, 78, 83,
pital at, VII., 233. 331. 53; VIII., 135. 85, 90, 95, 107.
Eve, P. F., VII., 351. Farnsworth, E. J.: IV., 230; death, "Floating Battery," Charleston, S. Fort Craig, X. Mex., I., 358.
Krenimi Post, of New York, N. Y., IV., 232; VIII., 80; X., 137. C., V., 155. Fort Curtis, Helena, Ark., I., 365.
IX., 314, 346. Farnsworth, J. F., X., 199. Florance, H. C., VII., 125 Fort "Damnation" (Fort Mahone),
Ewell, H. S.: I., 132, 308, 310, 311; Farquhar, F. I"., VI., 113. Florence, Ala., II., 297; III., 218; Va., III., 203, 279, 334, 336, 337.
II., 22, 27, 28, 34, 47, 65, 231, Farragut, D. G.: I., 25, 72 seq., 94, VI., 312. Fort Darling, Cairo, III., I., 177.
240,243,218,254,257,320,322, 219, 226 seq., 227, 231 seq.; at Florence, S. C., VII., 86. Fort Darling, Va.: L, 111. 276;
336, 340; III., 38, 40, 43, 44, 54, Baton Rouge, coaling fleet, I., Florida: grim game of war open.* in, garrison in, I., 364; III., 94, 9(i,
56, 59, 62, 18], 318, 344, 346; 233. 249, 362, 366; II., 134, 192, I., 4; first fighting of the war in, 97, 320; V., 305, 313, 317; VI.,
IV., 91, 234; V., 64; VIII., 126, 180, 192, 198, 209, 210, 219-332; I., 86; secedes, L, 346; War, IV., 139, 165, 314; VIII., 374.
128, 246: attack of May 19, 1864, III., 319, 328; VI., 38, 43, 55, 114, 22; state troops, Confederate, Fort Delaware, Del., prisoners of
IX., 77, 213; X., 245, 248. 120, 151, 184, 197, 217, 222, 238, VI., 73; enlistments, VIII., 103; war, VII., 20, 38, 44, 56 seq., 65,
Ewing, Ellen B.,X., 80. 243,252,253,314,318,320,322; earliest operations of the war, 162,163,165,176.
Ewing, H., X., 235. VIII., 211, 330; IX., 102 seq., 105, VIII., 106. Fort De Russy, La.: II., 350;
Ewing, T., Jr., X., 207. 107, 345. Florida troops: VI., 227.
•• Examination of passes," VIII., 81. Farragut, L., X., 2. Second Cavalry, II., 348. Fort Donelson, Tenn.: I., 110;
" Excelsior Brigade," IX., 78. "Farragut," W. T. Meredith, IX., First Infantry, I., 352. campaign of, L, 130, 171 seq., 178,
Exchange of prisoners. VII.. 97- 102. Florida, C. S. S., VI., 292, 293, 316, 184, 188, 196, 218, 223, 226, 238,
122; in the East and West, speei- Farrand, E., VI., 260, 322. 322. 356; II., 183, 321, 322, 330; IV.,
fied places for, VII., 99; condi- Farrar, F. W., IX., 119. Flournoy, T. S., IV., 88. 158. 294; Artillery at, V., 42;
tions and terms of, as put forth by Farrar's Island, Va.: I., 119 ,w/.; Flowing Springs, Va., III., 330. artillery, Federal, at, V., 44, 204,
various officials of both sides; also III., 96, 97; V., 133. Floyd, J. B.: 1., 184, 188, 190, 191, 251, 254; VI., 148,209,215.216,
controversies and disagreements Fascines, V., 207. 192,350, 3 4; X., 252.317. 312, 318; VII., 22, 66, 68; VIII.,
in regard to. VII., 100, 102 seq.; Faunce, J., VI., 96. Flusser C. W.: II., 352; VI., 199, 110; IX., 97. 112: X., 44; losses
Confederate agent for the, VII., Fauntleroy, surgeon, VII., 222. 263, 264, 316, 320. at, X., 142, 156.
101; exchanges stopped by order Faxon, W., VI., 52. " Flying artillery," V., 33. Fort Donelson, U. S. S.: III., 342;
of Gen. Grant, VII., 103, 118; Fayetteville, Ark., L, 368; II., 326. Foafd, E. J., VII., 249. VI., 109.
four Union officers prominent in Fayetteville, N. C.: V., 150, 156, Follen House, Cumberland T.and- Fort Dushane, Ya., V., 215.
the arrangements for, VII., 105; 164, 166, 170. ing, Va., scouts at, VIII., 269. Fort Ellsworth, Ya., V., 78, 90.
continuation of, in the usual way, Fayetteville, W. Va., II., 322. Folly Island, Charleston, S. C.: Fort Ethan Allen, Ya., V., 75;
VII., 108; in the East and West, Featherston, W. S., X., 127. N. Y. Ninth Inf. at, VIII., 223. VIII., 88.
continuation of, in spite of sus- Federal troops: number of, I., 92; Fontaine. L., IX., 142. Fort Fillmore, N. Mex., I., 350. pension of cartel, VII., 112; de- navy and the South, I., 88-98; Foote, A. H.: I., 94, 182, 185 seq.. Fort Fisher, N. C.: III., 20, 293, mand for and pleadings on all navy, superiority and activity of, 188,191,215,218,221,237,238 325, 327, 340, 342; V., 254; sides in favor of the re-establish- during the war, I., 110, 111; seq., 360; II., 131; VI., 83, havoc wrought at, by bombard ment of, VII., 118, 120, 122; vari- troops, foreign nationalities in, 149,213,214,266,310,312,314. ment, V., 265; effects of naval ous propositions for, VII., 120, II., 158, 159; soldiers and their Foote, H. S., IX., 29. bombardment of, V., 267; Mound 122; again begun after January work of burrowing and sapping, Foraging: by Grant's army, VIII., battery at, V., 269; VI., 31, 39, 61 , 24, 1865; VII., 122; exchange II., 223; raids in the West, IV., 198-199; on Sherman's march, 103, 108, 109, 120, 123, 131, 145, agents for the North and South, 129 seq.; ordnance of the, V., 123; VIII., 212-220. 175, 181, 195, 238, 246, 255, 257, agreement of, for the raising of Ordnance Department, V., 124; Forbes, E. A., I., 10. 309, 322; guarding supplies at, money for prisoners' use, VII., 174. government, VI., 46 seq.; navy, Force, M. F., X., 93. VIII., 21.
Exhibition at Philadelphia, Pa., VI., 18, 112. Ford's Theater, Washington, D. C.: Fort Gaines, Mobile Bay. Ala.:
IX., 30. Federal Hill, Baltimore, Md., IX., where Lincoln was shot, VII., III., 328; VI., 250. 253, 256, 322;
Eylau, losses at, X., 120, 140. 159. 203, 205 xeq. N. Y. Fifty-fifth, officers at, VIII.,
Ezra Church, Ga., III., 134. Federal Point, N. C., Sugar Loaf Foreign legions, VIII., 82. 97; IX., 107.
Battery, III., 342. Foreign officers: military, I., 117; Fort Gibson, Ind. Ter., III., 332.
Feeding the army, VIII., 42. nobility in Union camp, I., 115; Fort Gilmer, Ya., III., 323.
Fennel, .L, VIII., 149. soldiers of fortune tendered serv- Fort Gregg. Morris Island, S. C.:
Ferguson, R., VIII., 113. ices, VIII., 76. V., 151; VI., 313.
Fagan, J. F., X., 257. Ferguson, S. W., X., 277. Forest Hall military prison, George- Fort Gregg, Ya.: III., 288, 291, 294;
Fair Oaks, Va.: (see also Seven Fernandina, Fla., II., 351. town, D. C., VII., 85. V., 119.
Pines, Va.), I., 65, 277, 279, 281, Ferrero, E., III., 195, 200. Forest Roue, U. S. S., II., 350. Fort Hamilton, New York harbor,
282 seq.; McClellan's Horse Artil- Ferry, O. S., X., 197. Forests as battlegrounds, VIII., V., 137.
lery Brigade, officers of, at, I., Fessenden, F., X., 209. 173, 175. Fort Harrison, Ya.: II., 327; III.,
287, 291 seq., 293, 295, 297, Fessenden, J. D., X., 161, 209. Forney, J. II., II., 334; X., 255. 208,321,323.
299, 313, 320, 332, 364; III., Field, C. W., X., 107, 282. Forney, W. H.. X., 255. Fort Haskell, III., 282.
338; IV., 238; V., 30 seq., 33; VII., Field guns: imported from France, Forrest, N. B.: L, 192; cavalry com- Fort Hatteras, N. C.: I., 350: VI.,
102; hospital for wounded, VII., V., 157; field-pieces, V., 170. mand, I., 360, 368; II., 168, 170, 100, 102, 268,269,310.
231; "Constitution" and "In- "Fighting Joe" (see also Hooker, 204,322,328,330,332,342,344, Fort Heiman, IV., 163.
trepid" balloons at, VIII., 375, J.), II., 204. 348, 350; III., 124, 252, 257, "Fort Hell," Va.: (see also Fort
377; "Intrepid" being inflated at, "Fighting McCooks," II., 170. 326, 330, 332, 338, 344; IV., 20, Sedgwick). I., 135; III., 203, 279,
VIII. , 379; T. S.C.Lowe, complet- Fillebrown, J. S., II., 29. 34, 77, 116, 134, 137, 138, 139, 337; X., 213.
[2o ED.] [ 333 ]
V
FORT HENRY
INDEX
GEMSBOK
Fort Henry, Term.: I., 110, 171 *«/., 215,223;II.,321;artilieryat,V.,42, 44, 204, 251.254; VI., 149, 209,214,
312; VII., 22, Oil, OS; IX., 97, 271. Fort Hill, Miss., II., 222; VI., 149. Fort Hindman, Ark.. II., 330. Fort Hindman. U. S. S., VI., 232. Fort Huger, Mobile, Ala., VI., 260. Fort Jurluon, T.a.: surrender of, I., 226, 227, 230, 234, 3(52; VI., 119, 189, 194, 197, 201. 210, 314. Fort Jackson, U. S. S. : II!., 342; VI.,
61. Fort James, Ogeechee River, Ga.,
VI., 31(i.
Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C.:
I., 349, 366; H.,333; III., 173,320.
Fort Johnson, Morris Island, S. C.:
interior of. V., 179; IX., 40. Fort Johnson, Sandusky Bay,
Ohio, VII., 69. Fort Lafayette, N. Y.: VII., 34, 38,
40, 54 seg.; 50, 13(i, 198, 202. Fort Lincoln, D. C'.: V., !»4, 105;
colored infantry at, IX., 177. Fort Lincoln, Kan., I., 06. Fort Livingston, La., VI., 314. Fort Lyon, Ya., V., 85. Fort McAllister, Ga.: I., 35, 42, 80 Kf].; III., 225, 220, 227, 22!). 231, 233, 235, 23(5, 340; guns at, V., 263: VI., 121, 230, 241, 272, 310, 318; where Sherman's march, ended, VIII., 219; signalling fro:n, Vm.,W4,335; IX., 169. Fort McGilvery, Va.: III., 206; V.,
213. Fort McHenry, Chesapeake Bav,
Md.: VII., 3S, 50, 198. Fort Maeon, N. C.: I., 202; IX., 09. Fort McPherson, Ya., V., 102. Fort McRee, Fla.: I., 347, 354; V., 57; VIII., 106, 107; Confederate drill in, VIII., 156, 157. Fort Magruder, Ya.: I., 268, 270-
272; V., 31.
Fort Mahone. Ya.: HI., 203, 205, 271, 279, 289, 290, 336; V., 215; dead in trenches, IX., 191. Fort Mannahusset, Tex., VI., 322. Fort Marcy, Va.: V., 85; N. Y. Fourth Artillery at, V., 97; its armament, V., 97; VIII., 88. Fort Marion. St. Augustine, Fla.: II., 347, 3*9; bastions of, II., 351. Fort Meikle, Va., III., 207. Fortress Monroe, Va.: I., 51- III., 15, 17; V., 26 seq., 1 10, 228, 230; VI., 22 seq., 246, 308, 310, 312 315; VII., 40, 107, 109, 110, 259; regimental hand at, VIII., 233; IX., 297, 299; scene at, IX., 349. Fort Morgan, Ala.: III., 319 seq., 328; V., 263; VI., 201, 242, 245, 247, 249, 250, 253, 254, 314, 322; water battery. IX., 105; light house, IX., 107. Fort Morton, Va.: I., 34; III., 179,
195. 200; V., 95.
Fort Moultrie, S. C.: I., 24, 99; II., 332. 335; HI., 172, 173, 333; V., 118; powerful guns in, V., 118; VI., 179; spiked guns, VIII., 60; battery near, IX., 42, 227. Fort Xegley, Nashville, Term.: III.,
250, 259 *<•(]., 201. Fort No. 7, Atlanta, Ga.: III., 130-
V., 173.
Fort No. 8, Atlanta, Ga., V., 173 Fort No. 9, Atlanta, Ga., V., 173. Fort Oc.racoke, Beacon Island,
N. C., VI., 310. Fort Pemberton, Miss.: II., 33')-
VI., 208.
Fort Pensacola. Fla., VI., 16. Fort Pickens, Flu.: I., 4, 86; V., 33 57,59, 159; VI., 10, 19, 111; VIII., 106, 107, 156. Fort Pike, La., VI., 314. Fort Pillow, Tenn.: evacuation by C mfederates,I.,223,225, 235 302 360; IV., 153; VI., 83, 148, 149* 218, 222, 314.
Fort Pitt. Pittsburg. Pa., V., 137. Fort Powell, Ala.: VI., 250, 250 320
322.
Fort Powhatan, Ya., V., 300. Fort Pulaski, Ga.: I., 300, 361; III , 229; V., 110; paranets after the capture, V., 147, 255, 259, 261; VI., 237, 313: VII., 105; VIII., 2"9 Fort Putnam, 8. C., V., 179. Fort Randolph, Tenn., I., 236, 240
249. Fort Reno, D. C., V., 94.
[2o ED.]
Fort Rice. Va.. III.. 207.
Fort Richardson, near Savage Sta tion, Va., L, 381.
Fort Rii hardson, Arlington Heights, Va., sally-port of,I.,55; drillof big guns in, L, 69;IIL, 153: V., 78,79. Fort Ridgly, Minn., VIIL, 79. Fort Ripley, S. C., VIIL, 79. Fort Royal, Va., IX., 87. Fort Runyon, Va.: V., 76, 90, 98; N. Y. Seventh assists in building, VIIL, 67.
Fort St. Philip, La.: the capture of, I., 226; surrender of, I., 234, 302; VL, 119, 187, 189, 194, 198, 201, 210, 314.
Fort Sanders, Tenn., II., 338, 339. Fort Sawyer, Va., L, 119. Fort Scott, D. C., V., 94. Fort Scott, Kan., V., 180. Fort Scott, Mo. (see also Dry
Wood, Mo.), I., 350. Fort Sedgwick: (see also "Fort Hell," Petersburg, Va.), III., 203, 205, 207, 279, 334, 337, 338; V., 215; bomb-proof quarters of, V., 217.
Fort Slocum, D. C., V., 94. Fort Smith, Mazzard Prairie, Ark.,
III., 328.
Fort Snelling, Minn., VIIL, 79. Fort Stedman, Va.: L, 34, 285; III., 179, 206, 280, 282, 285, 280, 344; V., 195; capture of, VIIL, 357, 368; IX., 32.
Fort Stevens, D. C.: I., 60, 08: III., 140, 148, 151, 155, 326; V., 85, 94, 101.
Fort Strong, Va., V., 95. Fort Sumner, Md.: L, 299, 301; V.,
99, 105, 110; X., 118, 119. FortSumter.S. C.: I., 4, 39; Southern flag floating over, L, 85; after bombardment, L, 99; breach in walls of, L, 101; fall of, L, 142, 143, 144, 147; IL, 319, 332, 333, 335, 337, 342; severest bombard ment in all history, namely that of, IL, 333; III., "170, 172", 173, 331, 333; morning and evening gunsat, V., 109, 111, 115, 119, 155, 211; VL, 16, 19, 22, 23, 76, 80, 120, 126, 179, 238, 239, 318, 320, 322; VIL, 26; effect of first gun on the North, VIIL, 70; interior view of, VIIL, 163; telegrapher's bomb-proof, VIIL, 347; Con federates in, April 15, 1861, IX., 40; a gun trained on Charleston, IX., 40; northeastern angle and eastern face, IX., 40; two days after the bombardment, IX., 41; Stars and Bars in, IX. ,42; north west angle showing casemates, IX., 42; western barracks and parade, IX., 43; bombardment of, IX., 43; officers' quarters, IX., 43; shattered flagstaff, IX., 43; in terior face of gorge, IX., 43, 44, 51, 333, 336, 337; in ruins, IX., 33(5-337; deserted, IX., 338; cele bration, IX., 338. Fort Taylor, La., VI., 318. Fort Totten, D. C.: V., 81, 85, 94;
Colurnbiads at, V., 103, Fort Tracy, Ala., VL, 260. Fort Valverde, N. Mex., I., 358 Fort Wadsworth, Va., V., 215. Fort Wagner, S. C.: (see also Fort Gregg, S. C.), IL, 335; siege of II., 342; III., 172; effect of firing from, V., 114, 118, 151; VL, 121 173, 238, 274, 313. Fort Walker, S. C.: L, 354, 357- VI
58, 103, 270, 310.
Fort Warren, Mass.: L, 191- VI 294; VIL, 38, 40, 54 seq., 56, 65; prisoners in, VIL, 123, 133, 135' 139, 102, 198; spies taken to,
Fort Whipple, Va.: battery in de fense of, V., 83; Napoleon guns at, V., 152; VIIL, 255.
Fort Woodbury, Va., V., 85, 95.
Fortifications: L, 265; permanent, ^ arming of, V., 150.
Forts:twothatneversurrendered,IL, 333, 335, 337; inadequacy of, for confinement of prisoners, VIL, 38
Forwood, W. IL, VIL, 224.
Fossee, Maj., VIIL, 304.
Foster, H. C.: II. , 201 ; Ohio cavalry IL. 322; V., 209.
Foster, J. G.: HI., 244, 326- IX, 169 ;X., 191, 226.
Foster, J. P., I., 77.
Foster, J. R., IX., 342 seq.
Foster, J. S., II., 322, 326, 348
Foster, J. T., VIII., 248.
Foster, J. W., II., 344.
Foster, R. S.: VII., 209; X., 203, 292.
Foster, S. C.: IX., 344; songs of, IX.,
346.
Foster, U. S. S., crew of. VI., 265. Foster's Infantry, Confederate, I.,
350.
Foulke, A., sutler tent of, VIII., 247. Four Mile Bridge, Vicksburg, Miss.,
Camp Fisk at, I., 108. Four Mile Creek, Va., VI., 27.5. "Four distinguished Confederate
physicians," VII., 249. Fox, G. V., VI., 52, 93, 132. 243. Fox, W. F., X., 156; quoted from "Regimental Losses in the Civil War," X., 158. Fralick, J. H., VIII., 319. Francis, Martha, IX., OS. Franco-Prussian War, I., 30. Frankel, C., I., 14. Franklin, B. B.: quoted, II., S3, 84,
86, 90, 91, 100.
Franklin, W. B.: I., 51, 314, 325, 327, 328, 368; II., 02, 00, 324, 328, 352; V., 26 seq., 38; VI., 227, 320; X., 183, 202.
Franklin, Tenn.: II., 205, 332. 336; III., 252, 260, 33S, 340; battle of, IV., 153, 256; V., 50, 214, 254; VII., 250, 200; VIII., 103. Franklin, Va., VI., 310. Franklin and Nashville: the battles
of, III., 252-270.
Franklin Crossing, Rapp.ihannock River, Va.: II., 91, 330; bridge at, V., 223.
Franklin Road, Tenn., II., 170. Frank's Battery, P., I., 338. Frauds: perpetrated on the Govern ment, VIII., 56. Frayser's Farm, Va., I., 366. Frazer, J. W., II., 342; X., 275. Frazier's command, Confederate, I.,
360.
Frederick, Md.: II., 58. (50; III., 144. Frederick City, Md., II., (Hi. Fredericks Hall, Va., IV., 90. Fredericksburg, Va.: I., view of, from the banks of the Rappahannock River, I., 26, 27, 36, 120, 132, 280, 297, 302; II., 9, 44, 79, 80, 82, 83, 87; river-bank, IL, 89; ruined house at, II., 89; Union losses, fire and destruction at, 89, 90, 96; Lacy House, II., 97; National Cemetery, IL, 98, 102, 105, 106, 110, "112, 120; stormy and bloody assaults, II., 122, 123, 125; Federal battery at, II., 127, 128, 238, 334, 336; III., 47; wounded at, III., 49, 53, 56; IV., 96, 171, 190; Early's troops in, V., 16: assault by Sixth Corps, V., 16, 21, 27; artillery, Federal, at, V., 38, 58, 62; guns massed at Hamilton's Crossing, V., 66; entrenchments, Confeder ate at, V., 202; bridges at, V., 213, 280, 290; VII., 254, 268, 308; U. S. Sanitary Commission at, VII., 19, 326, 338; Sixth Vermont at, VIII., 65, 97, 99, 100, 229, 230, 282; signal corps reeonnoitering, VIIL, 323, 326; battle of, IX., 21, 69, 148, 157, 190, 193, 195; camp at, IX., 197; Marye's house at, IX., 197; second battle of, IX., 197; cemetery at, IX., 281; Ber nard House, ruins of, IX., 287; battlefield of, IX., 287; ruins, IX., 315; X.,130; losses at, X.,142,156. Fredericksburg Heights, Ya.,V.,234. Fredericksburg Road, Va., III., 320. Frederiektown, Mo., I., 352. Freeborn, U. S. S., I., 348; VI., 97,
99, 308, 318.
Freeman, M. D., VI., 301. Freeman's Cav., Confederate, I. ,354. Freeman's Ford, Ya.: II., 322;
skirmish at, IL, 320. Fremantle, A. J., quoted, IX., 215. Fremont, C., I., 363 seq. Fremont, Mrs. C., I., 363 seq. Fremont, J. C.: I., 181, 306, 307, 309, 310; II., 20, 22; IV., 102; X., 177, 186.
"Fremont Rifles," VIIL, 82. French, F. S., IL, 07, 72. French, S. G.: IL, 348; III., 210, 218, 332; X., 277.
French, W. H.: divisioi of, at Fredericksburg, IL, 81, 267; III., 30 ;X., 181, 196.
French Canadians recruiting in Wisconsin regiments, VIIL, 75.
Freret, W., I., 105.
Frescott, J. E., VII., 133.
Friedland, losses at, X., 140.
Friends' Meeting House, Alexan dria, Va., VII., 234.
Frietchie, Barbara, IL, 58, 60.
Front Royal, Va.: I., 302, 307, 308, 364; Hi., 162.
Frost, D. M.: L, 172, 367; X., 279.
Frost, G. W., VI. , 109.
Fry, B. D., X., 111.
Fry, J., I., 366.
Fry, J. B., I., 102.
Fry, S. S.. X., 207.
Fuller, J. W., X., 91.
Fullman, G. T., VL, 301.
Fulton, Mo., L, 348.
Funkstown, Md., IV., 88.
Funsten, O., IV., 98.
Furloughs: disadvantages ot, I., 120; convalescent soldiers, VIIL, 43.
G
Gabions, construction and uses V.,
207.
Gadsden. Ala., VIL, 145. Gaines, E. B., IX., 285. Gaines, C. S. S., VL, 252, 254. Gaines' Battery, Confederate, I. ,358. Gaines' Hill, Va., balloon camp,
VIIL, 373.
Gaines' Mill, Va.: L, 115,122,281, 285, 317, 319, 321, 324, 325, 327 330, 342, 343, 306; III., 115, 322- IV., 220, 222. 225 seq.; V., 21, 30 seq., 230; VIIL, 129; losses at, X., 142, 156.
Gainesville, Fla., III., 328. Gainesville, Va.: II., 48, 322; V.,
34 seq.
Galena, U. S. S.: L, 110, 276,
333, 304; III., 96; VL, 137, 138,
139, 165, 247, 314: VIIL, 317, 324.
Gallatin. Tenn., IL, 320.
Gallego Flour Mills, Richmond,
Va.. IX., 31)6. Gait, F. L., VL, 301. Galveston, Tex.: IL, 330; VL, 45,
208, 272, 308, 310, 310. Galveston Harbor, Tex.: L, 354-
VL, 322.
Gamble, W., IX., 265. Gamble's Separate Cavalry Bri gade, IX., 265.
Gambling: passion for, among prisoners of the war, VII., 131, 132, 134.
Gano, R, M., X., 315. "Garde de Lafayette" (see N. Y. Fifty-fifth Inf.), L, 69; VIIL, 97. Garden, A.: L, 40, 42, 43, 60, 113; photograph, V., 195; VIIL, 4, 14; secret service, VIIL, 23, 31. Gardner, F.: IL, 213, 224, 332; III.,
342; X., 271. Gardner, J. A.: L, 23, 32; III., 177,
179; V., 14.
Gardner, W. M.: VIL, 40; X., 265. Garfield, .1. A.: L, 180, 363; VIL,
348; VIIL, 275; X., 19. Garibaldi Guard, (Italian) uniforms
of, VIIL, 80.
Garland, S., Jr : IL, 324: X., 149. Garnett, R. B.: IL, 263, 204 ; X., 153. Garnett, R. S.. X., 147, 242. Garnett'a Farms, Va., L, 366. Garrard, K.: III., 105, 328; IV., 326. Garrard, T. T., X., 207. Garrott, I. W., X., 255. Gartrell, L. J., X., 265. Gary, M. W.. X., 285. Gas-generators for balloons, VIIL,
374.
Gassaway, F. IL, IX., 196-199, 201. Gaston, C. A., VIIL, 364. Gate City Guard, Atlanta, Ga., IX.,
159.
Gates, H., V., 33. Gatlin, R. C., X., 279. "Gay and Happy," IX., 348. "GayandHappy 'Still, "IX., 186, 349. Gayle, R. PL, VIL, 135. Gaylesville, Ala., III., 218. Geary, J. W.: IL, 250, 258, 300, 302, 318, 320, 346; III., 125; V., 132; X., 4. Gee, Major, VIL, 92; acquittal of,
VIL, 180. Gemsbok, U. S. S., I., 362.
[334]
GENERAL OFFICERS
INDEX
GRAYSVILLE
General Officers, Roster of Confed erate and Union, X., 301 ; Union army, X., 302-317; Confederate army, X., 318-321.
General Orders Nos. 100 and 207, VII., 112.
General Beaitregard, C. S. S.: I., 235, 242 seq.; VI., 85, 222.
General Bragg, C. S. S.: I., 238, 246; VI., 83, 221.
General Burnside, U. S. S., VI., 233.
General Dir, landing of the military engine, V., 239.
General Gran', V. S. S., VI., 233.
General Lovell, C. S. S.: I., 242; VI., 192, 222.
General M. Jeff. Thompson, C. S. S., I., 246.
General Parkhill, ship, VI., 122.
General Polk, C. S. S., VI., 218.
General Price, C. S. S.: I., 235, 237, 238, 242 seq.; VI., 85, 151, 222.
General Rusk. C. S. S., VI., 45.
General Sherman, U. S. S., VI., 233.
General Tiwmis, U. S. S., VI., 233.
General Van Dorn. C. S. S.: I., 237, 23S, 246; VI., 222.
Genesee, U. S. S., VI., 217.
Genito, Va., V., 266.
George, G. H., IV., 95.
George Page, C. S. S., VI., 84.
George. Peaboriy, U. S. S., VI., 100.
Georgetown, D. C.: I., 167; block house at Chain bridge, V., 75, 94, 96; Forest Hail prison at, VII., 85; Seminary Hospital, VII., 283.
Georgetown College, D. C., IX., 19.
Georgetown Ferrv, D. C., VIII., 81-
Georgia secedes, 1 , 346.
Georgia troops:
Infniitr//: Second, II., 71; X., 156; Third, I., 3:i2; Fourth, VIII., 145; IX., 214; Fifth, I., 352; VIII., 139, 141; IX., 244 seq.: X., 121, losses at Chickamauga, Ga., Con federate, X., 15S; Seventh, I., 350; Eighth, I., 350, 364; Ninth, I., 364; losses at Gettysburg, Pa., Confederate, X., 158; Tenth, I., 364; losses at Antietam, Md., Confederate, X., 158; Twelfth, I., 354, 362, 364; Thirteenth, I., 360; X., 156; Fifteenth, losses at Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158; Seven teenth, losses at Manassas, Va., X., 15X; Eighteenth, losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Twen tieth, II., 71; Twenty-first, losses at Manassas, Va., X., 158; Forty- fourth, I., 322; losses at Me- chanicsville, Va., X., 15S; Forty- seventh, I., 366; militia, III., 338. Second Battalion, IX., 25.
Georgia, C. S. S., VI., 296.
"Georgia Volunteer," grave of, IX., 283.
Germanna Ford, Va.: III., 17, 24, 25, 37, 3S, 40; IV., 119.
Germanna Plank Road, IX., 61.
Germans: volunteers of, in the Army of the Potomac, I., 309; recruiting of, in Wisconsin regiment, VIII., 75;inConfederatearmy, VIII., 120.
Germantown, U. S. S., VI., 54, 142.
Gertrude, C. S. S., VI., 309.
Getty, G. W.: II., 81, 100; III..40.43; headquarters of, VIII.,231 ; X., 199.
Getty, II., VI., 221.
Gettys, J., II., 234.
Gettysburg, Pa.: I., 28, 59, 68, 70, 71; fighting at, rarely paralleled in history, I., 73, 75, 103 seq., 107, 122, 132. 147; II., 9, 106, 203, 226 seq., 231; Confederate soldiers at, II., 231, 233; view of, on day Lincoln dedicated National Cemetery at, II., 233; high-water mark of the Civil War, II., 234- 267; Baltimore Turnpike, II., 236; Carlisle Road, II., 236; Ceme tery Ridge, II., 236 seq.; Dev il's" Den, II., 236 seq.; Harris- burg Road, II., 236; Little Round Top, II., 236 seq.; Mumrnasburg Road, II., 23'); Oak Hill, II., 236; Plum Run, II., 236; Round Top, II., 236 seij.; Seminarv Ridge, II., 236 seq.; North and 'South, feel ings of. before, II., 238; Union and Confederate armies, marches of, before, II., 240, 242; Seminary Ridge, II., 243; Federal dead at, II., 243; Federal loss at, II., 245; Confederate loss at, II., 245; Trostle's House, II., 247; Devil's
[«D ED.]
Den, the stronghold of the Con federate sharpshooters, II., 249; Little Round Top, II., 251, 253; Valley of Death, II., 254, 255: Union and Confederate losses after second day's fighting at, II., 256; Little Round Top, II., 258; gate to cemetery at, II., 259; Cemetery Ridge, II., 260; Little Round Top, II., 260; Meade's headquarters at, II., 261, 267, 270, 272, 294. 340; III., 28: IV., 32, 45, 50, 84, 88; horses killed at, IV., 103, 197; cav alry scouts at White's house, IV.', 291, 218, 230. 232, 235; light artillery in, V., 39; Penn sylvania batteries at, V., 40; Confederate guns, V., 71; Peach Orchard, V., 74; memories of, V., 72 seq., 132; Federal entrench ments at, V., 214, 234, 200, 296; VII., 112, 265; wounded at, VII., 31)0, 301; hospital at, VII., 301, 313; New York Herald's battle report, VIII., 2.9; roads to, VIII., 36, 63, 65, 100, 102, 118, 120, 122; campaign, VIII.. 124. 128, 130, 132, 173, 204, 230; Confederate Signal Corps, headquarters, VIII., 327; Lutheran Seminary, VIII., 327; Confederate Signal Corps at, VIII., 328; Union telegraphers. VIII., 345, 350; IX., 22, 34, 37; battle of, IX., 79, 190; dedi cation of, High Water Mark Monument, IX., 204; Devil's Den, fate of sharpshooters in, IX., 205, 207; battle of, IX., 211; Gulp's Hill at, IX., 213, 217; Twenty-fifth an niversary of battle of, IX., 218; Round Top at, IX.,221; Cemetery Ridge, IX., 225; Devil's Den, Con federate sharpshooter killed at, IX., 225; dedication, IX., 255; cam paign, IX., 313, 346, 350; complete plan of battles, X., 68, 116, 156; percentage table of Federal loss -s at, X., 68, 124 seq.
"Gettysburg," J. J. Roche, IX., 204.
"Gettysburg,"E.C.Stedman,IX.,24.
"Gettysburg! — A Battle Ode," G. P. Lathrop, IX., 218-226.
"Gettysburg Address," A. Lincoln, II., 234.
Gettysburg, U. S. S., III., 342.
Gholson, S. J., X., 275.
Gholson, W. G.: III., 342; IV., 132.
Gibbon, J.: II., 88, 237, 320, 328; III., 87: IX., 193; X., 192.
Gibbons, J. S., IX., 344.
Gibbs, A., IV., 242.
Gibbs, G. C., VII., 84.
Gibbs, W., VII., 330.
"Gibraltar of the West," Vicks- burg, Miss., II., 188.
Gibson, H., VII., 20.
Gibson, H. C., I., 287.
Gibson, H. G.: Third United States Art., I., 281; II., 90; V., 33.
Gibson, H. M., I., 287.
Gibson, R. L., II., 348; X., 273.
Giesboro: near Washington, D. C!, IV., 33; cavalry depot at, IV., 33 seq., 35; government horse shoeing shop at, IV., 68; cavalry station at, IV., 320; barracks at, IV., 325 seq., 327 seq.; Fort Car rol at, IV., 333.
Giffen, I. N., IX., 64.
Gilbert, C. C., II., 326.
Gilbert, C. G., X., 233.
Gilbert, J. J., X., 205.
Gilchrist, R. C., I., 89.
Gilder, R. W., IX., 37, 106, 109, 250, 251.
Gildersleeve, B. L., VIII., 110, 115.
Gildersleeve, J. R., VII., 282.
Gill, Miss A. L., X., 2.
Gill, J. M., VII., 221.
Gillems, A. C., III., 338.
Gillmore, Q. A.: II., 342, 349; III., 92, 95; V., 110, 118, 147, 154, 259; headquarters of, VI., 236, 238, 313; VIII., 229, 347; IX., 51, 337, .338; X., 175, 210.
Oilman, D. C., quoted, IX., 30.
Gilman, J. E., X., 7, 25, 296.
Gilman, J. H., V., 59.
Gilmer, J. F., V., 257, 320.
Gilmer, Mrs., VII., 296.
Gilmor, H., IV., 283.
Gilmore, P. S., IX., 342.
Giltner, H. L.: II., 346; III., 332.
"Gimlet," horse of J. C. Babcock, VIII., 4.
Girardey, V. J., X., 157.
Gist, S. R., III., 340, X., 157.
Gladden, A. H.: I., 360; X., 149, 256.
Gladstone, W. E., L, 88.
Glasgow, Ky., IV., 146, 154.
Glasgow, Mo., III., 338.
Glassell, W. T., VI., 267.
Glen Allen Station, Va., IV., 124.
Glendale, Va.: L, 122, 334, 336, 366; V., 30 seq.; X., 156.
Glenn, J., IX., 319.
Glenn, Mr., VII., 147.
' 'Glimpses of the Confederate Army," VIII., 106.
Glisson, O. S., VI., 21.
Globe Tavern, Va., III., 199, 204.
Glorietta, N. Mex., I., 360.
Gloskaski, J., VIII., 321.
Gloucester Point, Va., II., 111.
Goddard, C., X., 19.
Godwin, A. C., III., 332.
Gold: scarcity caused by Southern agents in the North, VIII., 300.
Golding's Farms, Va., I., 366.
Goldsboro, N. C.: II., 326; III., 248.
Goldsborough, L. M.: VI., 118, 120, 125, 152,263,268,312.
Golgotha, Ga., III., 322.
Goode's Bridge, Va., V., 266.
Goodman, a quartermaster, VII., 90.
Good's Battery, Confederate, I. ,358.
Goodwin, A. G., X., 157.
Goodwin, H. E., VII., 63.
Gordon, G. H.: X., 213.
Gordon, G. W., X., 299.
Gordon, James B. : III., 320: IV., 43, 242; IX., 32; X., 155.
Gordon, John B.: I., 16; quoted, II., 294; III., 50, 52, 64, 90, 141, 152, 155, 158, 162, 164, 203, 278, 280, 282, 283, 285, 28(5, 308, 311, 326, 342, 344, 346; IV., 268; VIII., 110; quoted, IX., 18, 34, 195; X., 247, 248, 250, 298.
Gordon, Ga., III., 232.
Gordon Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., VII., 286.
Gordon's Landing, La., VI., 318.
Gordonsville, Va.: II., 14, 18, 22, 26, 104, 105; III., 36, 38, 340.
Gorgas, .L, V., 15S, 161.
Gorman, W. A., X., 217.
Gorman, W. O., L, 147.
Gosden, W., IV., 166.
Gosport Navy Yard, Va., V., 80; VI., 82.
Goss, W. L., VII., 148.
Goudy, J., VI., 223.
Goule'y, J. W. S., VII., 226.
Govan, D. C.. X., 259.
Government oven on wheels,VIII.,49.
Government workshops, VIII., 41.
Governor, U. S. S., VI., 19, 270.
Governor Buckingham, U. S. S., III., 342.
Governor Moore, C. S. S., VI., 191, 192, 198.
Gowin, W., VI., 306.
Grace Church, Alexandria, Va., VII., 234.
"Grace Darling," Lee's charger, IV., 300.
Gracie, A., Jr., III., 192; X., 157.
Gracie's Salient, Va., III., 203, 285.
Grady,H.W.:IX.,31, 32; oration by, "The New South," IX., 304-322, 306, 307, 308, 311, 313, 315, 319, 323, 325.
Grady, W. S., IX., 320.
Graham, C. K., VII., 45; X., 221.
Graham, J., VII., 249.
Graham, L. P., X., 311.
Graham, W. M., IV., 232, 234.
Grahamville, S. C., III., 340.
Grampus, C. S. S., VI., 218.
Cranberry, H.B.: III., 340; X., 157.
Grand Armv of the Republic: I., 19; III., "347; disbandment of, VIII., 260; IX., 34, 93; organiza tion of society, X., 288; badge of, X., 294; pensions, X., 294; Ladies' Society of, X., 296; membership of, X., 296; commanders-in-chief, X., 296.
Grand Coteau, La.. II., 346.
Grand Eeore, La., VI., 225, 228, 232.
Grand Gulf, Miss.: II., 1,81, 189, 200, 214, 216, 218, 334; III., 219; VI., 148, 318.
Grand Junction, Tenn., II., 204.
Grand Prairie, Ark., L, 368.
Grand Review, 1865, Washington, D. C.: III., 349; Federal Cav. and their reward, IV., 257; Am bulances in, VII., 11; VIII.,. 39;
IX., 109, 233, 235, 237, 259; X., 162, 163, 290.
Grand River, Mo., II., 320.
Granger, G.: -II., 178, 274, 286; headquarters of, at Rossville Gap, Tenn., II., 287, 301, 344; IV., 34; VI., 245, 252, 253, 256, 260, 322; IX., 247; X., 175, 182.
Granite, U. S. S., I., 356.
Grant, A., VI., 192.
Grant, F. D.: I., 18; III., 9 seq., 11, 14 seq.; IV., 292; IX., 119; X., 47.
Grant, Mrs. F. D., IX., 119.
Grant, G., L, 297.
Grant, J., VII., 17.
Grant, J. R., III., 13; IX., 119.
Grant, Mrs. J. R., IX., 119.
Grant, Julia, IX., 119.
Grant, L. A.: Col. Fifth Vermont Inf., IX., 154, 155; X., 125.
Grant, Nellie. IX., 119.
Grant, U. S.: L, 17, 19, 39, 40, 43, 68 ;withstaff,I., 81,95, 96seg., 116, 118, 119, 122, 123.124sey.,127,12S seq., 132, 133, 174 seq., 178 «•</., 179, 181 seq., 194,198seg.,200 seq.; headquarters on the Tigress, U. S. S., I., 203. 208, 209, 214, 248, 360, 365; II., 11, 142, 183, 188, 193,198.199,203,205,226,234,264; at Thomas' headquarters, 1863, II., 290 seq., 296, 318, 321, 340, 345; III., 13, 14, 22, 26; at Meade's headquarters, Brandy Station, Va., III., 29; "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer!" III., 33, 45, 46, 52, 53, 59, 60, 62, 68, 70, 77, 78, 80, 84, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 104, 106, 134, 138, 140, 142, 150, 151, 188, 194, 197, 198, 204, 218, 220, 221, 238, 248, 278, 280, 282, 287, 294, 300, 304, 308, 309, 310, 312, 318, 321, 346; IV., 21, 33, 34, 40, 4.3, 49, 98, 103, 110, 126, 127, 130, 133, 155, 185, 203, 205, 207, 210, 211, 212, 255, 258, 263, 292, 296; V., 23, 42, 44, 100, 187 206, 208, 214, 216, 234. 240, 242, 260, 262, 268, 276, 296, 320: VI., 37, 114, 207, 214, 230, 234, 238, 258, 275; VII., 39 seq., 98, 99, 103, 111,
118, 172, 176, 209, 230, 240, 254 seq., 270, 309 seq.; VIII., 17, 22; scout message to, VIII., 26; joins Sheridan, VIII., 30; concentra tion of troops at City Point, Va., VIII., 43, 95, 102, 132, 134, 198, 202 seq., 206, 209, 226, 240, 248; campaign against Lee, VIII., 250-256, 283, 330, 336, 340; quoted on army telegraph, VIII., 341 seq., 345; illness and death of, IX., 32, 97, 108, 111; with staff, IX., 113; inauguration, IX., 117; inscription on tomb, IX., 117,
119, 124, 126, 127, 130, 182, 243, 288; personal memoirs, K., 290, 308, 317, 322; X., 19; during the wilderness, X., 29; on Lookout Mountain, X., 30, 32; in 1863, X., 33; before Vicksburg, X., 35; after Vicksburg, X., 35; at United States Military Academv, X., 36; in 1864, X., 37; his ancestors, X., 38; in the autumn of 1863, X., 39; in the autumn of 1864, X., 39; death of, X., 40; self-confidence of, X., 40; at City Point, in June, 1864, X., 41; his skill as drill- master, X., 42; on his first trio north, X., 43; at Shiloh, X., 44; in 1865.X. ,45 Designation from army, July 31, 1854, X., 46; with staff in 1864, X., 47; with Gen'i Rawlins, X., 49; at City Point, Va., 1865, X., 49; as an author, X., 50; policies as President, X., 50; gen erosity of, toCpnfederates.X., 136; war horse "Cincinnati," X., 301.
Grant, U. S., Jr., IX., 119. Grant, U. S., 3d, IX., 119. Grant, Mrs. U. S.: III., 13; IX., 119. Grapevine Bridge, Va., bridge across
the Chickahominy river at, I.,
279, 299.
Grappe's Bluff, La., VI., 229. Gratiot Street Prison, St. Louis,
Mo., VII., 44, 46, 54 seq., 65 seq. Gravelotte, losses at, X., 140. Grave'sTnfantrv, Confederate, I., 350. Gray, M. M., VI., 267. "Grays." N.Y. Eighth Inf., VIII., 91. Graysville, Ga., headquarters of,
R. W. Johnson, III., 105.
[335]
GREAT EMANCIPATOR INDEX HEIXTZELMAN
"Great Emancipator," Lincoln, A.. Potomac Hiver.VL, 92 ««.; first on Hampton W: II 320 340 350; Harrisonburg Va : I 308 366;
T gj Western rivers VI, 214; bayou ex- III, 42, 198, 324, 330, 332, 342, 111., las; IV, 102. 1O4, liJ, lit.
Cre'lt Falls Md I 34S neditions of VI, 220; on" upper 344; IV, 41, 96, 108, 110, 128, Harrodsburg, Ky., II, 326.
G™ Oge^River V 169. Tennes^e R.ver VI.', 233 in 203, 262, 269 «r? 274 s,fe 276, arrow W, X 91.
Creek lire used bv incemli'irics Fdisto River VI, 236; Web- 280; VII, 203; VIII, 3f>4; IX., 4 1 ; Hart, A. B, IX, 219.
Vin -n-> footed " VI ''37 262 203; char- garden of, IX, 313; X, 247, 252. Hart. J. E., VI, 217.
Greclex" Horace: II, 31, 70; in acter of, purchased, VI, 271; Hampton, Va.: I, 200 262; Chesa- Hart N VIII, 287.
\ S' TrilniiK VIII 0-i '"'I- activitv of on James River, VI, peake hospital at. VII, 23.?. Hart s Battery, L, 358.
IX 297 "ri 347 275,-Q 165. Hampton Roads, Va.: I, 220, 239, Ilarte, Francis Bret: IX, 35, 182,
Greei\- \.'w.:'VIli, 9, 312, 342, Gunpowder: manufacture of, V, 260,358,364; schooners loaded 206,209,211,233,237.
•i. Y •»>; r'8-C'onfeder-itesupplvof, V.,156. with ammunition at, V, 175; Hartford, Conn., VIII, 62.
Green', \'i.. I, 103. Gunpowder Creek,' Md.; V, SO. VI, 30 ««/., 40, 50, 01, 82. 100, Hartford V. S. S.: I, 72 my., 227,
„ r VI, ll't GunsVmarked " General Magruder, 104, 110, 130, 150, 16.8, 174, 181, 231; II, 210, 211; VI, 22, 48,
n' E ! VIII, 153 Yorktown," in the positions where 209, 283, 310, 312. 55, 184, 1S5, 1S7, 191, 202, 242,
Green M. F. X, 151. they defied Meridian's army a Hampton's Legion: of South Caro- 243, 244, 247, 251, 252, 254, 250,
Gn-en. T.: II, 331, 342, 340, 352; month. I.. 251; siege guns on the lina, I, 295, 350; battery, IV, 318; IX, 107.
VI, 147- X, 153. James River, 1, 311; sea-coast. V, 232; IX, 313; X, 150. Hartranft, J. F., Ill, 282; X, 290.
Green Cha|x-l. Ky., II, 328. 17; siege, V, 24 «•.-.; sca-eoast, V.,, Hancock, W. B., II, 340. Hartshorn, W. H, I, 248.
"Green Mountain Bovs": at drill, 24 «></.; Armstrong, V, 62; Blakely Hancock, W. S.: I, 270; II, 72, 93, Hartsuff, G. L, II, 324; X, 193,
VIII, 64, 65. V, 62- Hotchkiss, V, 62; James, 237, 244, 246, 250, 259, 262; III, 232.
Green River. Ky., IV, 148. V, 62; Parrott, V, 02; Whitworth, 34, 36, 40, 42, 46, 48, 54, 62, 04, Hartsville, Mo., II, 330.
Greenbrier, W. Va.. I, 352. V, 02; captured at Chattanooga, 07, 09, 72, S3. 84, 86, 88, 190, 208, Hartsville, Tenn., II, 168, 326.
Greene F. \ .. VIII, 192. Tenn by Federal army, V, 63, 318; IV, 273; V, 35, 38; VII, HartsviMe Road, Tenn., I, 368.
Greene. G. S.: II, 61, 05, 70, 250; 163; smooth 24-pounder, V, 125; 154; VIII, 98, 177, 232, 246, 252; Hartwood Church, Va, II, 326.
IX, 213; X, 305. naval Dahlgren 11-inch, V., 133; IX, 221 ; X, 179, 190, 192. Harvard Iniversity, Cambridge, Greene, S. D, VI, 30, 159, 174, 170. Rodman, V, 133; Parrot 8-inch, Handy, E. G, I, 1*. Mass.: IX, 33; Commemoration Greenhow, K, VII, 200. V, 133; Parrott 10-pounder, V, Handy, I. W. K, VII, 21. ode, J. R. Lowell, IX, 23, 26; Greenhow, Mrs. Rose ()., and 13.V 20-inch smooth bore, V, Hanging Rock, W. Ya. Same as commemoration services held at,
daughter. VII, 31, 67. 20;), 289. ]37; largest, 137; handling, V, Roniney, W. Va, I, 352. IX, 256.
Greenleaf, C. It.. VII, 2>3. 224. 133; Parrott, V, 139; smooth- Hanging Rock Pass, Ya., I, 356. Jlm-ren liin-k, V. S. S, VI, 310.
Grwnpoint, X. Y, VI, 312. bore. V, 140; Napoleon, V, 14 ); Hannibal, I, 30. Hascall, M. S, X, 93.
Greenville, La, water tank at, IV, field Parrott rifled, V, 140; V, Hanover, Pa, 11,340. Hasker, boatswain oi the Mcrrim/tc,
59 *<•<!., 328. 141; rifled 8-ineh and 10-inch, Hanover, Va.:I,314 ;III,322;V,21. VI, 182.
Greenville, Tenn.: Ill, 33;); IV, V, 150; field guns, battery before Hanover Court House, Va.: I, 2»3, Haslett, W. B, VIII, 33.
176. Sumter, V, 151; siege, V, 170; 343, 364; IV, 203; V, 30 .-r,,. Hatch, E, III, 338; X, 205.
Greenwalt. C., VII, 181. heavy siege on James River, V, Hanover Ferry, Va, IV, 247. Hatch, J. P., V, 34: X, 221.
Greer, E, X, 313. 309." Hanover Junction, Va., IX, 239. Hatcher's Run, Va.: Ill, 278, 287,
Greer, H. I, VIII, 117. Guntersville, Ala, VI, 233. Hanoverstown, Va.: Ill, 82, 322. 293, 338, 340, 342; V, 204.
Greer, R. W., VIII, 117. Guntown, Miss., III., 124. IV, 203, 247. Hatchie River, Miss, and Tenn,
Gregg, D. McM.:IIL, 324, 328, 330, "Guthrie Grays," Cincinnati, ()., Ilaiixa, steamer, I, 60. II, 100.
332, 338, 340, 342; IV, 24; with Ohio Sixth Inf., VIII, 82. Hanson, R. W, II, 336; X, 151. Hats: various styles of, worn by
stall. 29, 32, 41, 53, SI, 86, 128, Guy's Gap, Tenn, II, 340. Hardee, W. ,L: I, 200 spy., 208, soldiers, VIII, 95.
203. 221. 226. 230, 231. 230, 237, Guyandotte, \V. Ya., 1,354. 360; II, 170, 306, 318; III, 108, Hatteras, N. C, VI, 103, 104, 103,
240, 246, 247. 2( 12: V, 37: X, 95. Gwin, W.: I, 204, 205 seq.; II, 115,118,132,134,138,225,220, 283.
Gregg, J. : II, 288, 334; V, 1*7. 200; VI, 310. 227, 236, 238, 246, 248, 330, 340, Ilatt.rus, V. S. S, VI, 294, 316.
Gregg, M, X, 151. 342, 34 1; VII, SO; VIII, 182, 196, Hatteras Fort, N. C. (see also
Cumming's Point, 337, 362; X, 40, 247, 260, 26(i. Fort Hatteras N. C.), VI, 269.
Hardeman, W. P., X, 313. Hatteras Inlet, N. C, VI, 100, 104,
Gregg, I-'Tt, \a. (see also Fort l/abann, ship, VI, 290. Hardie, J. A, X, 311. 115,125268 269
Gregg, Va.), 1,309. Habeas Corpus: .suspension of, by Hardin, M. A, VII, 133. Hatton, R., I, 364- X, 149.
Gresham. \\ . Q, X, 293. order of President Lincoln (1861), Hardin, M. I)., VIII, 109. Haupt. H • II , 125; V , 91 275-
Glibeaiival carriages, V, 56. VII, 194, 190; writ, dates of sus- Harding, A. C, X, 199. working as foreman on the mili-
pension of. VII, 197; writ in the Hardy, S, VIII, 113. tarv railroad, V, 277, 278, 282,
2; III, Nmth, VII, 199, 210, 212; power Harewood Hosnita!, near Washing- 284, 289 294 296
IV, 34, 110 130; at of suspension of, delegated by ton, I). C.: VII, 285, 2M, 295; Havana, Cuba, V, Kit); VI, 291.
•"'iw'1 &' ' ,1 Congress to President Lincoln, ambulance trains at, VII, 313. ll«n-l,,rk; C. S. S., VI, 119.
and .staff. IV, 133 „•<,.. 134, 13,, M«n-h 3, 1863, VII, 202. Harki-r. C. G.: Ill, 102, 117, 122, Hawes, J. M., X, 267.
Zf 1, 202. Hackleman, P. A.: II, 324; X, 137. ;>•>•>• X 139 ll-iwes ^lu.n Y-i TTT V>v- TV
Griffin, C.: I, 159, 162. 105:11,81. Haden, surgeon, VII, 222. Harlan, E.R, I l' 2(VV •> 17
•n"v-*Jj :{ {}atl(JorkViJ'Tv"i£,' US; IX- (i:<" Harlan;j,,hnM.:iv,150,152;X,2(. Hawk'es" surgeon Fiftieth N. Y. Inf.,
, ff v '-Vr TY '"".'//•, Y"'™, ilKan' M- l^;;l^i Hamey, W. S, IV, 2n. VII, 265.
all, V, ,1; IX, 200; X, 20 Hagerstown Md.: II, OS, 70, 240, Harover, " Bill," IV, 329. Hawks, W. J, X, 103.
S-* S. •brr oK ' 7,-i , Harper, K, X, 242. "Hawk's Nest," Lookout Moun-
ffi ', IV is Hagcrs own I'iko Md., II, 63, 07. Harper's Ferry, Va.: L, 142, 302; tain, Tenn., VIII, 325..
,,' Yf •<•>«. Y no schooners on the James River at. Hawk's Nest, W. Va., I, 350.
' B X 279 : ' T"ST V VITT28!-- L' 335; W<""»V<T House, head- Hawkins, R. C, II, 100; X, 225.
«uld ill, K III -W 'n ' v VITT -it * quarters of Gen'l Porter, I., 335 Hawley, J. R, X, 197.
«. W X 20;l \('^" , IIL>r TT . •'««: II, 50, 58 xeq., 63, 73, Hawthorne, A. T, X, 259.
Gro.^,' F.'il VII,226. Halis D^ IV 154 156 ™' 3?3> 321'. 315; m.". l(i- Haxall's, Ya., VI, 77.
•iniVri''i"r\'M "vi'l 23?'* 'II, N. J.: II, 2(1.); charge at Get- ]:i2, 154, 156, 228; arsenal of, Hayes,' J, III, 204; VII, 45.
Grover C • II ''15 'VV>- X •>!! Kofi n H Y ~tKi VIII, 82, 1 1 1 ; bat tie at, IX, 157 ; Hayes, . I. A, IX, 289.
Bton 'Va -II 40 47 V) <•>'> Lk ll" w' T 11, engagement at, IX, 345; X, 110. Haves, R. B.: II, 29; III, 165, 322;
Uroveton, Va.: U., 40, 47, 51 W, llallej-k. H. W.: I H*. 120, ISo, Hnrpcr'* tt'eeklu, artist of. at Gettys- IX, 30; X, 19, 90.
Grubb F B X -M9 '• Vtv" tl burK battlefield, VIII, 31. Havnes' Bluff, Miss.: II, 185, 186,
"( "ml FxHmining P-ISHC-S " ! M6 -V It^fel TTT1! 1', ! n' Harpeth Kiwr- Tenn': H" '^2' 189, 200, 214; VI, 207, 310.
ill IK I <I^-M >, *lDi *i/O. olo. O»1S 24 fid ' TTT *> ~ V -)i'M TXT *>-f TT -n ATI T n*a
Georgetown Ferry, VIII, 81. IV, 159, 322; V, 42- VII ,"is 98 Harriet V I R Tl" «n Haynesvillc M,K, I 348.
" ^in'-m1"''" 1<i4th H T-r^'^" ">4> i65: *%&££ f^S.fvL, 93, 96, &^^2<i37nL No; X, 135.
iiiBViiic, jno*f &•• oOu 1 r in l fin *M*tt •>"•> *^n*^ *^i c TT * TT T» TT i"i TTT o 1 w v
Giiibor's battery, Confederate, I, Halltown, Va., II, 342; III, :«(). Harris D BX M7 111
Guiney, P. R, I, 34.3. "'ix'.'."'^'^' V^'ir/'''^''^^'* : T-S' E" -V^1'' >1>i5' Hays,*W., I, 287; X, 190, 305.
ll",',"i\,s' '°n' "l" M ~h '• ii.f,f,K'|,.ln T i> VTT I'M Harris, J. E., V, 65. Hazel Run, Ya., I.', 45.
DOn. .). 1 .. V11-- 1 .1.1. II. ...„:. AT TXT .1.1. -. . .. ,.. »».
A T \Iah'in emoted I '**^6 Gulf blockading squadron, VI, 1^|
14 *f1- Hamilton, C'. S.: ll.
('innho',t AV 53, U.'s.'s., VL, SOS. ' n' s'-'l" V'60; IT*'1 r/i-'Y"' JJ!lrr!so». Mrs. B. X, VII, 296. Headley, j. W, VIII.', 9.
Gunboats Confederate: inade,, ,acv 22;' " ' ' ' "ilrr!*°n. °- ?•• VIII., 110, 115. Hebert, I,, II, 150, 214;X,271.
of, VI, 77, 79; in Hampton Hamilton \C VI 264 garrison, G. O, I., 14. Hebert, P. ()., X, 254, 256, 271.
Roads. VI, 77; or the Mississippi t's Crossing" Va • II x. ;irr!^"n- «• >'-. Jr, II, 350. Heckman, C. A, X, 226.
River. VI, 218; in Mobile Bav. 1 5 IV 9.S " M> :'^"»- J- K- X., 313. Hedley, F. Y.: VIII, 9, 180, 202;
VI, 252; on the James River. VI, Hamli'n C 'x' 209 garrison, N. B, VI, 190. X, 25.
79. 265; in Carolina waters, VI, ' if x" l" garrison T X, 315. Heger, A., VII, 63.
270. Imo'nd J > I 2«»7 Harrison's Battalion, Confederate, Heilsburg, losses at, X, 140.
Gunboats, United States: unarmed Ham I 'it'-' '„•;"» i, r< >t i, '• ; T Heiner, D, I, 341.
coming toweron, I, 241; type of, Sherman, L 248 VI., I '"'" ' "w^nllon^n^^ "i'ii"'^' 11T^"\'-*'. n^ J-" ,lt 1$'
I, *41; converted ferryboat, type llammond W \-VII •']- •>•»! MO of, 0=0 T* ' * ' 4' 152, 155, lf)6, 260, 286, 288, 292,
of, VI, 57,59; converted passeneer letter from. VlL 306 334 347 ft' TT o-» u ~- *-''''!"'' 323, 368; with staff, IL, 45 *eg.,
steamer, type of, VI, 61; on the Hampton, K.] IV,'llO. he d? te tvTTl' ^17' ~*>' 50; VII, 27fi, 277; VIII, 370 sfy. ;
[336]
HELENA INDEX INDIANA TROOPS
Helena. Ark.: I., IDs. 249, 365; Hodgson, W. I., I., 199. 292; rapidity in construction of, 352; Fourteenth, II., 34S; Fif- II., 198, 340, 343; VI., 226, 310; Hoerner, private, VIII., 125. VII., 205; Catholic sisterhood teenth, I., 354, 35S; III., 328; X., 15(5. HofT, A. H., VII., 318. supplying nurses for, VII., 290; Sixteenth, II., 348. " Hell Hole," Ga. (see also New Hoffman, W.. VII., 38, 53 seq., 04. at New Berne, N. C., VII, 333. Infantry: First, III., 324; Sec- Hope Church, Ga.), III., 02. Hogg, J. L., X., 313. Hotchkiss, J., X., 103. ond, II., 350; Fifth, II., 348; Helm, B. H., II., 2SS; X., 153. Hoke, R. F.: II., 334, 352; III., 84, Ilmisntonic, V . S. S., VI., 270, 320. Seventh, I., 175; III., 324, 332; Helm, W. W., VII., 135. 190, 322, 342, 344; X., 111. Houston, S., IX., 93. Eighth, I., 170, 350; II., 324, 328, Hemming, sergeant, VIII., 125. Holden, K. S., I., 19. Houston Hills, Tenn., III., 201. 330; Ninth, L, 190, 350; II., 342: Henderson, G. "F. R.: I., 90, 112; Holland, J. G., IX., 37. Hovey, A. P.: II., 334; VII., 200; III., 324; X., 154; Tenth, L, 170, II., SS, 115; quoted, IX., 87, 91; IIoHins, G. N.; I., 219 seq., 300; VI., X./203. 358, 308; II., 320; Eleventh, I., X., 120: table of percentages of 85, 189, 218. Hovey, C. E., X., 199. 170, 350; II., 348; IIL, 318; losses, X., 122, 120. Hollow square, maneuver for new Howard, C., VII., 19S. Twelfth, I., 170, 350; III., 332; Henderson Hills, La., II., 350. soldiers, VIII., 58. Howard, F. K., VII., 198. Thirteenth, I., 352; Sixteenth, Henderson's Heavy Artillery, Con- Holly Springs, Miss.: II., 100, 204, Howard, J. B., VIII., 39. I., 350; 358; II., 320; Seven- federale. VIII., 383. 328; IV., 110; X., 48. Howard, (). ().: I., 304; II., 81, 94, teenth, III., 338; Eighteenth, I., Henley, \V., I., 353. Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, 108, 112, 119, 24(5, 259, 31!); III., 350; Twentieth, I., 350; II., 322; Henry, G. V., V., 151; X., 329. Va.: soldiers' graves, IX., 283. 110, 110, 131, 222, 224, 220, 232, Twenty-first, I., 175, 352; IV., 292; Henry, Mrs.. V., 19. Holmes, (). W.: I., 01; IX., 33, 43, 234, 244, 245, 248, 32S; IV., 50; VIII., 204; Twenty-second, L, Henry, P., IX., 22!). 44, 45; X., 24. V., 212; VIII., 18; IX., 01, 03; X., 354; X., 124; Twenty-third, I., Henry. Fort, Tenn. (see also Fort Holmes, T. H.: I., 305, 30S; II., 340, 76,170,171. 352; II., 348; Twenty-fifth. I., Henry, Tenn.), I., 10; II., 321. 343; V., 70; X., 2*9, 274, Howard, P., I., 179. 358; Twenty-seventh," I., 354; Henri/ Clay, V . S. S., II., 212. Holston River, Tenn., III., 10. Howe, A. P., VII., 209; X., 209. Twenty-eighth, I., 350: Twenty- Henry Hil'l Va.: L, 159, 102; V., Holt, J., VII., 209. Howe, J., X., 2. ninth. I., 350; Thirtieth, I., 354, 18 x<yy. Holtzclaw, J. T., X., 253. Howe, Julia Ward: IX., 17: "Battle 350; II., 322; Thirty-first, L, 354, Henry House, Bull Run, Va.: I., Home Guards, II., 334, 340, 350. Hymn of the Republic," IX., 20, 350; Thirty-second, I., 358; VIII., 141, 159, 105; V., 19; IX., 85. Honey Hill, S. C., III., 340. 122, 154, 15(5, l.V. ISO, 202; Thirty-third, L, 352, "Her Letter," by F. Bret Harte, L, Honey Sprinss. Ind. Ter., II., 342. Howe, S. G., VII., 330; IX., 17, 154. 30S; Thirty-fifth, I., 358: Thirty-
40. Honk, L. C., II., 322. Howell, B. K., VI., 301. sixth, L, 358; X., 123; losses, 11 mill, N. Y., L, 02. Honk's battalion (see also Tenn. Howell, J. B., X., 293. X., 154; Thirty-seventh, L, 358; Herbert, H. A.: I., 88; VIIL, 135; Third, Union), II., 322. Howitzer Cilee Club, V., 5S. Thirty-eighth, I., 352; II., 169;
X., 7, 27, 120 scq. Hood, J. B.: I., 118, seg., 128, 134, Howitzer Law Club, V., 5S. Thirty-ninth (see also "Yates1
Hernandez, pilot, VII., 123. 178, 328, 342, 302; II., 48, 59, 08, Howitzers, V., 135, Ifi7. Phalanx"), I.,350,3GO;Forty-first,
Heroism: instances of, VIIL, ISO. 167, 252, 255, 2SO aeq., 2SS; III., "Hewlett's" battery: I., 11!); V., L, 350; Forty-second, VI., 312;
Herold, D. E., VII., 205. 19,108,111,112,123,125,127, 89. Forty-third, II., 352; Forty-
Herron, F. J.: division, II., 342; X., 130, 131, 132, 133, 131 135, 138, Howiett's house, Virginia, VI., 205. fourth, L, 358; Forty-sixth,
1C4. 210, 214, 216, 218, 220, 223, 228, 1/owqnah, V. S. S., III., 342. L, 350; Forty-eighth, L, 356;
Herverson, L., IV., 1«6. 230,238,249,251,252,253,254, Hudnot's Plantation, T.;:., III., 318. Forty-ninth, L, 350; Fiftieth,
H.Tzog, C., VIII., 321. 256,257,258,259,260,264,268, Hudson, N. Y., III., 224. III.,' 332; Fifty-first, II., 320;
Hespin, J. T., VII., 133. 269, 270, 318, 320, 320, 328, 330, Hudson, P., L, 81. Fifty-fifth, losses, X., 154; Fifty-
Heth, IL: II., 334, 314; III., 204; 338, 340, 344; IV., 34, 153; V., Hudson farmhouse, Va., II., 14. seventh, L, 356; III., 332; on
IV., 31)1 ; X., 109, 280. 50; VIIL, 207, 210, 252, 332, 336, Hudsonville, Miss., II., 320. parade at Corinth, Miss., VIIL, llet '.el, V. S. S., L, 350. 340; IX., 04; X., 243, 202. Huey, I'., IX., 03; X., 303. 258; losses of, VIIL, 259; Fifty- Heustis, J. F., VII., 352. Hooker, James, II., 238, 240 seq. Huff's Ferry, Tenn., IL, 340. eighth, L, 350; Fifty-ninth, L, Hickenlooper, A., L, 353. Hooker, Joseph: L, 113, 208, 270, Huger, B.: L, 290, 330, 304, 30S; 358; Sixty-second, II., 328; Sixty- Hickman, Ky., VI., 310, 320. 28S, 298; II., 45, 48, 03, 08 seq., battalion, V., 73; VII.. 100: X.. 283. fifth, II.", 324; Seventy-second, Higgins, B. L., IX., 350. 84,85,86,87,100,101,102,104 Huger, F., V., 73. headquarters of, IL, 205; III., Higgins, E., I.,230;VL, 197;X.,271. se?., 277; new planof campaign and Huger, T. B., VI., 191, 192, 193. 318; Seventy-sixth, III., 318; Higginson, T. W., IX., 352. its frustration by, IL, 105, 100, Hughes, J. T., L, 350; IL, 320. Eightieth, II., 332, 334: Eighty- High Bridge, Va., III., 311, 340; V., 108, 112, seq., 120 seq.; his staff, Hughs, J. M., VIIL, 275. first, III., 324; Eighty-third, II.,
270. IL, 109; headquarters, IL, 121, Huguenin, II. , III., 172. 330; Ninety-first, IL, 328; Ninety-
" High Tide at Gettysburg," IX., 22. 122 seq., 128; with staff, II., 128, Huguenin, T. A., III., 333. second, VII., 75; Ninety-third,
"Highfly," horse of J. E. B. Stuart, 203, 228 seq., 296, 300; camp Humansville, Mo., L, 3(iO. III., 332; X., 123; losses, X., 154;
IV., 312. at base of Lookout Mountain, Humes, W. Y. C., X., 2!)7. Ninety-fifth, III., 324; Ninety-
Highl.-inders, uniform of, VIIL, 78. Tenn., II. , 303; captures, Look- Humphrey, J. P., V., 65. ninth, IL, 330; One Hundred and
Hill, A. P.: L, 317, 319, 322, 320, out Mountain, Tenn., IL, 305, "Humphrey's Journal," quoted, L, Fourth, IL, 320; One Hundred
330, 334, 339, 308; IL, 24, 27, 29, :524, 328, 334; III., 39, 47, 110, 30,44. and Sixth, IL, 328: One Hundred
41, 52. 02, 03, 08, 73 seq., 240 138, 320; IV., 122, 159, 107, 316; Humphreys, A. A.: IL, 81, 100; and Seventh, IL, 340; One Hun- « -q., 320, 334, 340, 344; III., 34, V., 212, 294, 296; VII., 201; III , 3S; VIIL, 252; X., 179, 192. dred and Eighth, III., 324; One 38. 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 50, 84, VIIL, 18, 95, 114, 226, 227, 234, Humphries, B. G., X., 275. Hundred and Thirteenth, III., SO, 19(5, 208, 278, 294, 318, 330, 238, 264, 276, 325, 345; IX., 89; Hunchback, U. S. S.: L, 350; VI., 324, 328; One Hundred and 340; V., 02, 00; VII., 20; VIIL, with staff,X.,4!),160,161,108, 169. 175,310. Fourteenth, III., 270, 324; One 17s. 190, 240, 254: X., 110, 143, Hoover Gap, Tenn., II., 340. Ilunley, H. L., VI., 270. Hundred and Nineteenth, IL, 2.V1. Hopkins, A., VI., 310. Hunt, H. J.: III., 1.83; V., 30 seq., 328; One Hundred and Twenti-
Hill, B. .1.. VII., 52; X., 297. Hopkins. G., VII., 318. 38, 180; IX., 217, 223. eth, III., 324; One Hundred and
Hill, C. \\ ., VII., 04, 09. Hopkins, ()., L, 105. Hunt, O. K.: V., 18, 150, 172, l'J4, Twenty-second, IL, 328, 350;
Hill, D.. L, 302. Horner, C. F., X., 2. 222; VI., 23(5. One Hundred and Twenty-third,
Hill, D. B., II., 59. "Hornet's Nest," Shiloh, Tenn., I., Hunter, A., VII., 162. II., 332; One Hundred and
Hill, D. I)., L, 205. 202, 20(5, 209. Hunter, D.: L, 150, 152, 155, 361; Twenty-sixth, III., 324.
Hill, D. H.: L, 270, 283, 290, 292, Horse artillery, V., 33. IL, 30; III., 140, 144, 322, 324; Imboden, J. D.: IL, 344, 348; V.,
319, 322, 320, 336; IL, 04 seq., (5(5, H >rse Shoe Bend, Ky., II., 334. V., 259; VI., 313; VII., 207; IX., 19; X., 105.
07, 70. 72, 231, 278, 324, 344; V., Horses (see also Cavalry): sentry 69, 170; X., 175, 178. Iinnrrinl, I". S. hospital boat, VII.,
04; VII., 102, 109, 346; IX., 201; guarding feed for Federal, 1804, Huntingdon, f>. L., VII., 224. 318, 319.
X., 245, 200. IV., 67; killed in battle. IV., 105 Hunton, E., X., 319. Impressment of necessaries by
Hill, S. G., X., 141. s,-q.- types of, for which the North- Huntsville, Ala.. VIIL, 360. Confederates, VIIL, 54.
Hill, Mr., L, 233. ern States were ransacked, IV., Huntsville, V. S. S., VI., 316. Independence, Mo., L, 360; IL, 320.
Hill plantation, Ark. (see also 313,315. Kurd, A., VII., 13. "Independent Rifles," Mobile, Ala.,
Bayou Cache, Ark.), L, 308. Horseshoe Ridge, Ga., IL, 284. Hurlbut, S. A.: L, 193, 204, 206, I., 87.
Hill plantation, Miss., IL, 330. Hospitals: camp near Washington, 208, 360; II., 148, 1(50, 212, 324; Indian frontier: V. S. regulars in,
Hill's rampart, Yorktown, Va., L, D. C., VII., 15; construction, V., 44; X., 191. 222, 2')4. VIIL, 70.
2B5. good type of, developed during Huron, U. S. S., III., 342. Indian Hill (see also Orchard Knob,
Hilton Head, S. C.: the 10-in. Co- the war, VII., 215; on the firing- Huse, C., V., 158. capture of), II., 301.
lumbiadat Fort Walker at, I..35 7; line, VII., 229; nearest the fiercest Hurst, S. H., X., 231. "Indian Home Guards," II., 348.
the Southern naval base of the fighting, VII., 233; field and Hutchinson family, IX., 344. "Indian Mound," Chattanooga,
blockading squadron, L, 359; IL, temporary, VII., 256 seq.; field, Huyck, M. A., VIIL, 363. Tenn., VIIL, 219.
30, 349; V., 151, 259; VI., 22, 57, VIL, 250 272; two of the first Hydaspes, India, L, 124, 129. Indian Ridge, La., II., 332.
58, 117, 313, 310; Island, Port field, VIL, 257; emergency car- Indian Sharpshooters, on Marye'a
Royal Bay, VIIL, 337; IX., 170; riage- and wagon-shops converted Heights, VIL, 254.
burial ground at, IX., 275; cap- into, VIL, 25S; spring vehicles Indian Town Creek, III., 305.
lure of, IX., 275, 352, 353. serving as, VIL, 258; work in a Illinois troops: Indian uprisings, VIIL, 79.
Hillyer, W. S., L, 181; X., 31. farm-house, June, 1802, VIL, Artillery: First, Battery B, I., Indiana: Morgan's raidsin, VIIL, 18.
Hindman, T. C.: L, 210; IL, 282, 201; tents, value of, recognized 354, 350; Battery D, L, 350; Indiana troops:
288, 320: III., 110; X., 257, 266. in April, 1862, VIL, 271; field, Second Battery A, L, 358; IL, Artillery: First heavy, L, 25;
Hines, T. H., VIIL, 302. Confederate, chaplains' services 322, 330; Battery D, L, 350; Bat- IL, 209; band of, VIIL, 197;
Hink.s, E. W., X., 215. in, VIL, 272; their adaptability tery E, I., 358. Baton Rouge, La., at, VIIL, 289;
Hiser. IL, V., 29. to change of position, VIL, 272; Light Artillery: First, V., 41; First Battery, I., 358, 302; IL,
"History of the Civil War in Amer- general, VIL, 273-290; per- Battery C, Officers of, V., 43. 332; Second, IL, 342, 352; Third,
ica," by Comte de Paris, IL, 82. manent and general, VIL, 278; Cavalry: First, V., 352; Second, L, 3(58; Sixth, III., 324; Seventh,
" History of the Confederate War," construction and arrangement of, IL, 322, 328; Third, L, 358; IL, 320; Ninth, IL, 322; Tliir-
by Geo. C. Eggleston, L, 312. VIL, 280; largest in the world, Fourth, IL, 322; III., 342; Fift , teenth, IL, 324, 326; Twenty- Hitchcock, E. A., VIL, 104, 105. VIL, 284; "Wayside," erected at I., 3(58; III., 318; Sixth, IL, 332; fourth, II., 344. //. L. 11 unify, C. S. S., first sub- important points of junction, Seventh, IL, 332; Eighth, II. , Camlnj: First, I., 352, 308: IL,
marine boat, VI., 274, 320. VIL, 288; priv - \ of the South at 336; III., 326; IV., 118; Ninth. 340, 352; Company K, IV., 183;
Hobson, E. H., IL, 340; X., 207. the beginning ,.f the war, VIL, IL, 320; Eleventh, IL, 322; III., Second, IL, 320; III., 34(5: VIIL,
Hodge, G. B., X., 269. 290; private of the South, laws 312; Twelfth, IL, 324, 328,336; 190; Third, IL, 324: IV., 118,
Hodgen, J. T., VIL, 226 passed prohibiting them, VIL, IV., 118; Thirteenth, I., 308; IL, 241; VIIL, 281, 289; Fourth, III..
[3D ED.] [ 337 ]
INDIANA TROOPS
INDEX
JUDAH
Indiana troops — Continued
338, 346; Fifth, II., 328, 346; Sixth, VII., 161.
Infantry: First. II., 346; Sec ond, III., 32S, 330; Third, II., 336; Fifth, Co. C, IV., 146; Sev enth, I., 348, 352, 360, 366; III., 324, 342; Eighth, I., 348, 3.58, 368; III., 326, 328, 330; Ninth, I., 207, 348, 352, 354; Tenth. I., 348, 3,56, 368; Eleventh, I., 348, 356; Twelfth, II., 322; Thir teenth, I., 348, 352, 3.54, 360, 362; Fourteenth, I., 352. 356, 360, 364; VII., 13; Fifteenth, L, 352, II., 324; Sixteenth, II., 322; Seventeenth, L, 352; II., 324; Eighteenth, I., 358; Nine teenth, I., 350; losses, X., 154; Twentieth, I., 358; II., 340; III., 207, 332; losses, X., 1.54; Twenty- first, I., 250; II., 320, 330, 336; VIII., 299; Twenty-second, I., 356, 358; Twenty-third, V., 20:i; Twenty-fourth, 1., 36S; Twenty- fifth, I., 356; Twenty-seventh, losses, X., 154; Thirty-first, I., 356; Thirty-second, I., 3.54; Thirty-third, II., 330; Thirty- fourth, III., 346; Thirty-fifth, II., 326; Forty-third, I., 366; II., 352; Forty-fourth, I., 356; Fnrty-sixth, I., 366; II., 194; Fiftieth, II., 324, 328, 352; Fifty-first, II., 334; VII., 145; Fift\ -fifth, II., 322; Sixtieth. II., '324; Sixty-fifth, II., 348; Sixty-sixth, II., 322; Sixty-sev enth, II., 324; Sixty-eighth, II., 324; III., 338; Sixty-ninth, II., 322; Seventy-first, II., 322; Seventy-third', II., 334; Seventy- fourth, II., 324; Seventy-eighth, II., 324; Eighty-fifth, II., 330, 336; Eighty-ninth, II., 324; Ninety-third, III., 270, 324; One Hundred and First, II., 332; One Hundred and Sixteenth, II., 348; One Hundred and Eigh teenth, II., 348. Indianapolis, Ind.: I., 209; Camp
Morton, prison, VII., 71. Indianola, U. S. S.: II., 330; VI.,
71, 81, 206, 318. Indians: recruiting in Wisconsin
regiments, VIII., 7.5. Information supplied to Confeder ates by sympathizers in the North, VIII., 274, 288. Ingalls, It.: III., 33; IV., 301; X.,
49.
Ingham Mills, Miss., II., 344. Ingraham, D. N., VI., 124, 239, 318. Inloes, C. E., VII., 125. Innes, \V. P., III., 211. Ino, U. 8. S., VI., 290, 293. " Instruments of war and mercv,"
VIL, 259. Intelligence Bureau, U. S. Army,
VIII., 24.
losco, U. S. S., III., 342. Iowa troops:
Cavalry: First, I., 3.56, 360; II., 352; Second, II., 326, 332, 342, 344; IV., 132; II., 330; Third. 358, 368; III., 330; Fourth, I., 364; II., 336; III., 330; Fifth, I., 358, 362; II., 322, 330.
Infantry: First, I., 350; Second, I., 3.56, 364, 368; Third, I., 352; II., 326; III., 324; Fourth, L, 358; II., 326, 348; III., 324, 330; Fifth, III., 326, 328; IX., 166; Sixth, los.«es, X., 154; Seventh, I., 354, 3.56; Eighth, I., 354; III., 328, 330; Ninth, I., 358; III., 324, 330- Tenth, I., 356; Twelfth, I., 3.56; Fourteenth, L, 356; III., 330, 332; at Libby Prison, Va., VIII , 251; Eighteenth, II., 3.52; Nine teenth, non-commissioned officers of, VIL, 49; officers of. VII., 49; enlisted men, VII., 51; Twentv- first, II., 326, 330; Twenty-third, II., 336; Twenty-ninth, II., 352- Thirty-third, II., .352; Thirty- fifth, II., 352; Thirty-sixth It 352; Thirty-ninth, II., 32S; III' 332- Fortieth, II., 352. Iowa: response to first call, VIII 74; Hoops furnished by. VIII 2.7 1, enlistment, VIII., 2.5! Irby, H., VIII., 113. Ireland, Archbishop, VIII., 100. Irish recruits in Wisconsin regi-
[2n ED.]
ments, VIII., 75; in Confederate Army, VIII., 1 18. Irish Bend, La.. II., 332. "Irish Brigade": (Meagher's), II., 92; officers of, II., 93; at battle of Gettysburg. VIII., 100. "Iron Brigade": m«-n of, II., 239,
241, 244; IX., 223. Ironchids; in action, I., 24; European type, VI., 36, 3.S; first jeopardizes Federal cause. VI., 36; Farragut's opinion of, VI., 55; first Federal contracts for, VI., 56; Confeder ates begin construction of, VI., 73; Confederate attempts to build, VI., 75, 191, 239; on the Mississippi, VI., 129, monitors built during war, VI., 130; moni tors double-turretcd, VI., 132, 175; monitors, sea worthiness of, VI., 133, 146, 152; appointment of board to investigate, VI., 134; birth of, VI., 134; early construc tion of, VI., 134; monitor recom mended by naval board, VI., 135, 136, 137; reports of Federal of ficers on, VI., 137, 1.52; first test of, against land batteries, VI., 139, 16.5; efficiency of new iron sides type, VI., 140; monitor, river type, VI., 142, 147; first sug gested by Mallory, VI., 142, 144; monitor, advantages of, VI., 143; first plans for, by Confederate naval board, VI., 144; monitor, newer type of, VI., 14.5, 265; Eads type, VI., 148, 149, 150, 206, 214; first contest of, VI., 1.5.5 set]., 176, 180, 182; monitor, disadvantages of, VI., 163, 179, 283, 2.S6; precursor of steel ships, VI., 167; first decisive engage ment of, VI., 171; monitor effi ciency against land batteries, VI., 173; monitor, light-draft type, VI., 177; monitor, endur ance of, VI., 179; first Federal in Ossabaw Sound, VI., 241; moni tor, use of, in Mobile Bay, VI., 254, 2.56; VI., 319, 321. Ironsides, U. S. S., VI., 267. Ironton, i\lo., L, 352. Iniijuois, U. S. S.: VI., 48, 188, 190,
191, 193, 204, 293, 314. Irvin, J. E., VIII., 113. Irving, J., VIII., 281. Irwine, C. K., VIL, 285. Irwinville, Ga.: III., 316, 346; cap ture of Jefferson Davis at, IX., 295, 297.
Isaac 8m itli.V.S.S. , VI., 57, 270,3 1 6 Isabella, V. S. S., VL, 308. Island Ford., Ya., III., 326. Island Number 10, Tenn.: L, 130 187, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220. 221, 222, 223; surrender of, L, 236; abandoned, L, 243, 360; II., 15- V., 44; VL, 149, 218, 312; cap ture of, VIL, 319. Itasca, U. S. S.: I.,, 232; VL, 190,
196, 204.
luka, Miss.: II., 148, 324; X., 156. Iverson, A., X., 113. Iverson, J. F., VIL, 86. Ivy, U. S. S., VL, 218. Ivy Mountain, Ky. (see also Pike- . town, Ky.), L, 354.
Jack's Shop, Va., IV., 92.
Jacksborough, Tenn., L, 3.58.
Jackson, A., IV., 22
Jackson, A. E., X., 295.
Jackson, Miss C., X., 2.
Jackson, C. F.: L, 172, 3.53; II., 328; X., 137.
Jackson, G. G., VIL, 147
Jackson, H. R., X., 242.
Jackson, J. H., II., 329.
Jackson, J. K., X., 265.
Jackson, J. p., VIL, 90.
Jackson, J. S., II., 32(1; X., 133.
Jackson, N. J., X., 211.
Jackson, R. E., II., 100 sen.
Jackson, R. H., X., 311.
Jackson, T. J. (' 'Stonewall ") • I 21 36,59, 112, 116, 121, 130,132,134' l.>2; "Stonewall," how nicknamed, L, 157, 204, 20.5, 218 2Sli •><)<) 302, 304. 305 seq., 306, 307' 308' 309, 310,311,314,317, 318,321)' 324, 326, 329. 332, 342, 364, 36<i' 368; II., 4. 13 seq., 21, 22 He,,.. 34 38»eg.,46,48,58se2., 63,86,98, 103;
flanking march of, a masterly and daring strategic feat, II., 112, 114, 115, 320, 322, 324, 328, 330, 334; III., 45, 4S; IV., 76, 78, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95, 102, 104, 122, 174, 177, 193, 306; V., 34 seq., 62, 66, 280; raid on the Orange and Alexander Railroad, V., 283; VIL, 31, 216,
228, 245; VIIL, 18; through Vir ginia mountain trails, VIIL, 36, 108, 128; "Foot Cavalry," VIIL, 171, 196, 246, 287; campaign of, VIIL, 292, 310; IX., 24, 61, 63, 75, 84; valley campaign, IX., 87; where killed, IX., 89; grave of, IX.,91, 124,157,23();X.,28,0>,97; during Mexican War, X., 97; bi ography of, 9S set/., 99; origin of name, X., 100, 101; with staff, X., 103, 104; in the valley, X., 106 .•,•<•</.; appearance of, X., 110; at ('han dily, Va., X., 1 12; pursuit of Pope, X., 112; character of, X., 11 I.
Jackson, W. II., II., 344, X., 295.
Jackson. W. L., X., 317.
Jackson, C.^.S.: IV., 138, 139; VL,
192. Jackson, Camp, Mo. (seeCamp Jack.
son, Mo.): first clash west of the
Mississippi, L, 172, 173, 346, 353. Jackson, Fort, La. (see Fort
Jackson, La.), L, 226, 227, 228,
229, 230, 234.
Jackson, Miss.: I., 124 ; II., 183, 189, 213, 216, 334, 340; III., 326; V., 166; capture of. IX., 317.
Jackson, Term., II., 14cS, 342.
Jackson Road, Vicksburg, Miss., II., 197, 201.
Jacksonville, Fla.: L, 3.5, 42; II., 349; VL, 312; signal tower, VIIL, 325.
Jacobs. R, T., II., 334.
J. A. Cotton, C. S. S., VI., 316.
James Adger, U. S. S., VL, 124.
James Grai/, ship, VL, 122.
James Island, S. C.: L, 366; III., 342.
"James Rifles," V., 103.
James River, Va. : as it looked in War time, L, 109, 110, 111 WY/.; peculiar military situation on, I., 119; at the point crossed by Gen. Grant, L, 127; siege guns on, L, 311, 312, 315, 324, 335, 330, 33s, 340, 364- II., 225; III., 17, 18, 320; IV.; 189; V., 12, 54; Federal trans portation on, in April, 1805, Fort Darling, Drewrys Bluff, V., 123, 133; crossing of 'the, V., 236; crossed by Grant, V., 239; pon toon bridge over the, V., 239, 240; deep bottom at, V., 241, 246, 258, 260, 264,20s, 306, 310; defenses along, V., 311; VL, 130, 132, 17.5, 275, 314, 315, 320, 322; VIL, 38 60, 109, 281; VIIL, 2.52, 317, 324, 363, 368, 382; mill on, near Rich mond, Va., IX., 306.
James River Peninsula, Va., L, 110.
James River Road, Va., IV., 85.
James River Squadron, C. S. S., VL, 289.
Jameson, C. D., IX., 59.
Jamestown, Va.: V., 313; church ruins at, IX., 229.
Jamestown, C. S. S.: sunk in channel of James River, Va., L, 109; VL, 146, 162, 314.
Jamestown, U. S. S., VL, 119.
Jamestown Island, Va., V., 306.
Janes, H., L, 81.
Jaques, Mr., L, 179.
Jeff Davis, C. S. S., VIL, 29 34
JefTers, W. N.. VL, 153, 165.
Jefferson, T., L, 17; VIL, 61.
Jefferson, Tenn., II., 328; IV., 147
Jefferson Darin, C. S. S. VL, 122.
"Jefferson Davis," horse of I". S Grant, IV., 291.
Jeffereonville, Ind., r. S. general hospital at, VIL, 214, 215.
Jenkins, A. G., III., 320- X., 317.
Jenkins, C. T., VIL, 135.
Jenkins, D. C., IX., 158.
Jenkins, M.: III., 46, 48, 49; X., 155.
Jenkins Ferry, Ark., II., 3.52.
Jennings, "Bob," L, 17ft.
Jericho Ford, Va., III., 71, 322.
Jericho Mills, Va., pontoon bridge at, approaches to, V., 220.
Jerome, signal officer, receiving signals at Elk Mountain, Md., VIIL, 320, 321.
Jcsup, T. S., IX., 28.5.
Jetersville, Va.; scouts ride to, III., 309; V., 268.
Jewett, J. H., IX., 330, 331. "John Brown's Body," IX., 17, 154. "John Burns of Gettysburg,"
Francis Bret Harte, IX., 3.5, 206 "Johnnie Reb," VIIL, 124. "Johnnie Rebs," VIIL, 121. "Johnny Rebs," IV., 190. Johns, a surgeon, VIL, 222. Johns Island, S. C., III., 326. Johnson, A.: VIL, 20.5, 207 sen
208; IX., 128; X., 19, 48. Johnson, A. R.: II., 322, 352- IV
318; X., 269. Johnson, B. R.: L, 34, 360- II., 256
257, 282, 306; III., 330; IX., 311;
X., 295. Johnson, B. T.: L, 342; III., 328-
V., 108. Johnson, E.: III., 57, 62, 04, 70
160, 306, 320; VIL, 17) ; IX., 213-
X., 107, 244. Johnson, F., V., 65. Johnson, J.,L, 100; III., 333; IX. ,337. Johnson, 1,., III., 332. Johnson, R., X., 305. Johnson, R. M., X., 85. Johnson, R, W., II., 172; III., 105;
IX., 115; X.,220. Johnson, S., quoted, IX., 292. Johnson, W. C., X., 296. Johnson, W. H., III., 330; V., 29. Johnson, W. P.. quoted, X., 73. Johnson Island Prison, O., VIL, 44
136. Johnsonville, Tenn.: III., 257 seq.;
inadequate redoubt at, IV., 161
seq. Johnston, A. S.: L, 95, 143, 182
190, 197 seq., 202,203 so/., 360; II.,
142; III., 137, 247; IV., 301, 318;
V., 1.83: VIL, 203, 241; VIIL,
190, 220, 283, 290, 340; IX., 93,
95; X., 143, 200. Johnston, B. T., II., 350. Johnston, G. D., X., 277. Johnston, J., III., 101, 102, 104 Johnston, J. B., III., 248. Johnston, J. D., VL, 254. Johnston, J. E.: L, 36, 90, 124 126
128, 129, 132, 140, 146 seq., 1,50
xeq., 152, 158, 160, 256, 264, 284
seq., 286, 296, 302; with Gen'l Lee,
L, 313, 340, 360, 302, 364 ; II., 184
193, 213, 216, 290, 312, 334, 340.
348, 3,50; III., 16, 19, 20, 106, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,
123, 130, 24.5, 248, 318, 322, 326,
344, 346; IV., 76, 171, 187, 208;
V., 19, 20 seq., 28 seq., 92. 208, 304;
VL, 250; VIL, 210, 241, 256; VIIL,
196, 352; IX., 22, 64, 167, 169,
170, 243, 244, 246, 295, 313, 318;
X., 48, 62, 81, 90, 92, 96, 104,
241, 242.
Johnston, J. M., IV., 139. Johnston, J. S., VIIL, 290. Johnston, R. D., III., 70, 306. Johnston, W. P., I., 196. "Joined the Blues," J. J. Rooney,
IX., 322. Joinville, Prince de: guest of the
Army of Potomac, L, 115; watch-
ing the war, L 117;atMc( lellan's
headquarters, I., 257, 29.5. Jones, C. R., VL, 154, 182. Jones, D. R.: II., 59, 65, 75, 320;
X., 263.
Jones, E. F., X., 213. Jones, J., VIL, 80. 82. Jones, J. M.: III., 42, 49; X., 153. Jones, J. R., X., 111. Jones, P. H., X., 229. Jones, R., VL, 154. Jones, S.: II., 164, 342; X., 251,
256. Jones, W. E.: II., 346, 348; III.,
322; IV., 73, 86, 88, 104, 106; X.,
155.
Jones' Bridge, Va., III., 324. Jones' Hay Station, Ark., III.,
330.
Jones Island, Ga., VL, 237. Jones Point, Va., V., 102. Jonesboro, L'Anguille Ferry, Ark.,
II., 320.
Jonesboro, Ga., III., 135, 138, 330. Jonesville, Va., II., 348. Jordan, sergeant, II., 29. Jordan, T.: V., 71; VIL, 31; VIIL,
288; X., 317. Jorker, J., V., 27. Jouett, J. E., VL, 45, 268, 310. Judah, H. M., IX., 167; X., 93, 221. Jiiaah, C. S. S.: L, 352; VL, 268,
310, 339.
[ 338 ]
JULIET
INDEX
LEE FORD
Juliet, U. S. S., VI., 232. Juniata, U. S. S., III., 342. Junkin, G., IX., 132. "Just Before the Battle, Mother," G. F. Root, IX., 350.
K
Kanan, M. F., X., 292. Kanawha, U. S. S., VI., 314. Kanawha Gap, W. Ya., I., 352. Kane, T. L., X., 303. "Kangaroo," horse of U. S. Grant,
IV., 294. Kansas troops:
Artillery: First Battery, L, 352;
Second Battery, II., 342; Third
Battery, II., 342.
Cavalry: Second, II., 342, 352;
III., 332; Fifth, I., 352; II.,
346,350; Sixth, I., 352; II., 342,
352; III., 32S; Seventh, II., 326;
Ninth. I., 352; II., 312; Tenth,
III., 324.
Infantry: First, II., 348; Sec ond, II.', 342; Third, II., 342, 348;
Fifth, II., 352; Second Mounted,
I., 350. Kansas: enlistment of troops from,
in Federal army, VIII., 102. Kansas, U. S S., III., 342; VI., 273. Katahilin, U. S. S.: I., 250; VI., 190. Kate, C. S. S.. VI., 106, 109. Kautz, A. V.: III., 320, 322, 324,
330, 332, 338; IV., 253, 329; VII.,
207.
Kearney, S. W., X., 80. Kearny, P.: I., 270, 288; II., 40, 45,
46, 48, 51, 54, 322, IV., 316, 318;
VIII., 98, 226; the charge of, IX.,
22, 56, 57; at Fair Oaks, Va.,
IX., 59; X., 131. "Kearny at Seven Pines," E. C.
Stedman, IX., 56. Kearsarfte, L". S. S.: III., 324; gun
of, IV., 303; VI., 38, 193, 290,
293, 300, 302, 304, 306, 320; IX.,
340.
Keating, W., X., 388. Koedysville, Mel.: II., 60, 68; VII.,
263.
Koedysville Road, Md., IV., 231. Keedvsville Turnpike, II., 67. Keeuan, E. J., VIII., 337. Keenan, P.: II., 118; charge at
Chancellorsvillo, IX., 63. "Keenan's Charge," G. P. La-
throp, IX., 58. Kectsville. Mo., I., 358. Keifer, J. W., X., 235. Keily, D. J., X., 207. KelL J., VI., 287. Kell, J. M., VI., 301; IX., 340. Kell, Mrs. J. M., X., 2. Kellars Bridge, Ky., III., 324. Keller. J. M., VII., 244, 249. Kelley, B. F., VIII., 102. Kolley Ferry, Tenn., II., 296, 297,
299.
Kelly. J. H., X., 253. Kelly Ford, Va.: II., 332, 342, 346;
IV., 84, 197, 224, 226, 233, 238. Kelly store, near Suffolk, Va., II.,
330. Kelly's Batterv, Confederate, I.,
352. Kelly's Infantry, Confederate, I.,
350.
Kellysville, battle of, IX., S3. Komper, J. L., II., 264; X., 115. Kenesaw Mountains, Ga. : III., 103,
117, 120 seq., 122, 216, 218, 248,
322
Kenly, J. R., X., 211. Kennebec, U. S. S., VI., 190, 204,
247, 251. Kennedy, Capt., attempts to burn
New York City, VIII., 302. Kennedy, J. D., X., 285. Kennon, B., VI., 191, 192. Kensfick, I., VII., 135. Kensington, U. S. S., VI., 316. Kentucky: I., 17S seq., 218; VIII.,
76; Morgan raids in, VIII., 18;
army, roads of, VIII., 36, 76; en listment on both sides, VIII., 103;
military operations in, X., 88. Kentucky troops, Confederate:
Cavalry: Morgan's, I., 358, 362. Infantry First, L, 356; Second,
I., 358; Fourth, X., 156- Fifth, L,
356; Eighth, I., 358; X., 156. Kentucky troops, Union:
Artillery: First battery, L, 368.
[2o ED.]
Cavalry: First, L, 356, 362; II., 332, 336, 344; Second, II., 344; VIII., 145; Third, L, 356; Fourth cavalry, officers of Co. D, I., 209, 362, 368; II., 330, 332, 336; III., 328; Fifth, L, 362; Sixth, II., 322, 332, 336; IV., 154; Seventh, L, 368; II., 322, 336; Eighth, VII., 21; Ninth, II., 326; Tenth, II., 332, 336; Eleventh, II., 326, 344; III., 332; VII., 20; Twelfth, II., 344; Thirteenth, III., 332; Fourteenth, II., 336; VII., 20; Sixteenth, II., 350.
Infantry: First, I., 352, 356; Second, L, 368; III., 326; Fourth, I., 356, 368; Fifth, L, 368; losses, X., 154; Sixth, III., 330; Eighth, II., 304, 307, 326; Tenth, I., 368; Eleventh, II., 346; Twelfth, III., 262; Thirteenth, II., 346; Four teenth, I., 356; Fifteenth, losses, X., 154; Sixteenth, III., 262; Seventeenth, I., 356; Eight eenth, I., 368; Twentieth, II., 340; Twenty-first, II., 326; Twenty-second, I., 358; Twenty- fifth, I., 356; Twenty-eighth, I., 368; II., 320, 324; Thirty-third, II. , 324; Thirty-fourth, II., 348. Mounted Infantry: Twenty- sixth, III., 332; Thirtieth, III., 332; Thirty-fifth, III., 332; Thirty-seventh, III., 332; Thirty- ninth, III., 332; Fortieth, III., 332; Forty-fifth, III , 332; Cin cinnati, Cynthiana, Newport, Kentucky, Bracken Co., Home Guards, at engagement of Cyn thiana, Ky., I., 368.
Keokuk, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI., 128; IX., 336.
Kerner, D. II., X., 2.
Kernstown, Va.: I., 306, 307, 360; III., 148, 328.
Kerr, W. J. W., VII., 18, 82.
Kershaw, J. B.: II., 81, 96, 282 seg.; III., 46, 84, 328; X., 115, 280, 282.
Ketcham, J. H., X., 229.
Kettle Run, Va., II., 322.
Key, B. P., VII., 21.
Key West, Fla.: L, 226; VI., 186.
Keyes, E. D.: I., 260, 286, 294, 368; X., 181, 196.
Keystone Ktate, U. S. S.: II., 330; III., 342; VI., 239, 272. 318.
Kickapoo, U. S. S., VI., 319, 321.
Kidd, J. H., IV., 282.
Kieffer, L., I., 295.
Kilmer, G. L.: I., 10, 346; II., 10; III., 12; X., 2, 25.
Kilpatrick, D., VII., 125.
Kilpatrick, H. G., II., 111.
Kilpatrick, H. J., IV., 285 seq.
Kilpatrick, .1 : II., 340, 344; raid, II., 350; III., 224, 230, 232, 244, 330, 338, 342, 344; IV., 54, 92, 96, 116, 121, 123, 230, 232, 234, 254, 262; V., 37; VIII., 196, 361.
Kilty. A. H., VI., 224.
Kimball, N., X., 89.
Kineo, U. S. S.: I., 227, 250; VI., 190, 198, 200.
King, C.: II., 49; VIII., 9; introduc tion preface to, VIII., 11, 18, 66, 226; tables of age of soldiers at enlistment, DC., 67.
King, E., IX., 345.
King, J. H., X., 93, 296.
King, L. G., VII., 123.
King, R.: Mounted Rifles, I., 358; II., 46, 49; X., 309.
King and Queen Court House, Va., IV., 98.
King Mountain, S. C., IV., 20.
King Street Hospital, Alexandria, Va., VII., 235.
King's School House, Va. (see also Oak Grove, Va.) : L, 366.
"Kingdom Coming," H. C. Work, IX., 344.
Kingston, Ga., III., 67, 111, 114, 320.
Kingston, N. C., II., 328.
Kinsman, U. S. S., II., 330.
Kirby, E., II., 334.
Kirk, E. N., II., 330; X., 199.
Kirkley, J. W., L, 104.
Kirksville, Mo., II., 320.
Kitching, J. H., X., 139.
Kittridge, W., DC., 348.
Klein, R., VIII., 281.
Knap, J. M.: battery of, II., 61; Pa. Ind. Light Art,, V., 35.
Knefler, F., X., 203.
Kneisley's Battery, Confederate,
I., 3o2.
Knight, H. W., VII., 274. Knight, private, VIII., 125. Knights of the Golden Circle, VII.,
204.
Knipe, J. F., X., 89. Knowles, J. H., VI., 242. Knowlton, Captain, II., 29. Knoxville, Tenn.: I., 130; II., 271,
298, 338; two bridges at, II.,
339; siege of, II., 346; III., 216,
287; IV., 160, 254; V., 251, 254;
VII., 351 ; ramparts at, VIII., 205,
336, 362.
Koch, C. R. E., L, 14. Koniggratz, losses at, X., 140. Konkle's Battery, Union, I., 354. Kountz, J. S., X., 296. Krepps, J. B., III., 336. Kress, J. A., II., 230. Krzyzanowski, W., X., 223. Kunnersdorf, losses at, X., 140.
La Bree, B., quoted, VIII., 141. Lackawanna, U. S. S., VI., 247, 251,
254, 256.
Lacy House, Fredericksburg, Va.: II.,97;III.,46;viewfrom, DC., 61. Lady Davis, C. S. S., VI., 87. Lafayette, Ga.: II., 276, 279; IV.,
204. Lafayette, Marquis de, DC., 125,
285. Lafayette, U. S. S.: I., 77 seq.; VI.,
206; crew of, VI., 210. La Fourche Crossing, La., II., 336. Lagow, C. B.: I., 181; IV., 294; X.,
31.
La Grange, O. H., III., 108. La Grange, Tenn.: II., 332; III., 326; Grierson raid from, IV., 130, 132, 134, 137. Lake City, Fla., II., 350. Lake McNutt, Miss., II., 202. Lake Providence, La., II., 206. Lamar, L. Q. C.: DC., 28, 29, 36; eulogy on Charles Sumner, DC., 290, 301, 303, 305. Lamb, D. H., X., 2. Lamb, W.: III., 327, 342; VI., 240,
248.
Lancaster, U. S. S., VI., 48, 151. "Lancers" (see also Pennsylvania
Sixth Infantry), VIII., 82, 91. Landegon, J. W., VIII, 281. Lander, F. W., X., 213. Lander's Brigade, I., 356. Lane, A. G., VII., 284. Lane, J. H., X., 127. Lane, U. S. S., II., 330. Lane, W. P., X., 313. Lane's Prairie, near Rolla, Mo., I.,
350.
Langthorne, A. R., VI., 232. Langworthy, surgeon, VII., 222. Lanier, H. W., I., 7, 9, 14, 30. Lanier, Robert S.: I., 5; II., 5; X.,
18-28.
Lanier, Sidney: VII., 124; quoted, VII., 132; Centennial cantata, IX., 25, 30, 89, 90, 91, 92, 184, 284 seq.
Lanier's Virginia battery, Confed erate. I., 360. Lanneau, A. W., X., 2. Lansing, H. S., VIII., 99. Lardner, J. L., VI., 120, 125. , La Rue, M., X., 195. ' 'Last Leaf," O. W. Holmes, DC., 33. Lathrop, G. P., DC., 24, 58, 61, 63,
218, 223, 225.
" Laughlin's Battery," I., 354. Lauman, J. G., X., 205. Laurel Hill, W. Va.: I., 348; III.,
320. La Vergne, Tenn.: II., 324; IV.,
147.
Lavinia, C, S. S., VI., 123. Law, E. M., II., 286; X., 107. Lawler, M. K., X., 201. Lawler, T. G., X., 296. Lawrence, W. H., X., 161. Lawrence, Kans., II., 342. Lawrenceburg, Tenn., III., 338. Lawton, A. R.: II., 63, 65, 324; X.,
109.
Lawton, H. W., VIII., 194. Lazelle, H. M., VII., 104. Leach, W. B., I., 147. Leadbetter, D.: I., 362; V., 257, 308. "Leaves of Grass," Walt Whitman, DC., 21.
Lebanon, Ky.: I., 180, 368; II., 340; IV., 152.
Lebanon, Tenn., I., 362.
Lebanon Home Guards, Union, I., 368.
Ledlie, J. H., III., 200, 204.
LeDuc, W. E., X., 2.
Le Due, W. G.: II., 299; V., 292; X., 160.
Lee, A. L., X., 293.
Lee, A., X., 2.
Lee, C., X., 63.
Lee, C. G., VIII., 134.
Lee, E. G., X., 319.
Lee, Fitzhugh: II., 346; III., 42, 54, 84, 198, 284, 322, 328, 338, 340, 344, 346; IV., 16, 24, 41. 96, 98, 108, 128, 203, 262, 266, 277 seq., 286 seq.; VIII., 130; quoted, DC., 36, 243, 327, 331; X.,65, 116, 252.
Lee, F. D., VI., 267.
Lee.G. W.C.:I.,19; with Gen'l Lee, L, 83; II., 350; DC., 125; X., 2, 55, 67, 284.
Lee,"Light Horse Harry," IV.,20, 23.
Lee, R., VIII., 104.
Lee, Robert E.: I., 17, 19, 27, 34, 53, 62, 64, 68, 75; remarkable general ship of, I., 82; with his son and Colonel Taylor, I., 83, 103 seq., 116, 118 seq., 122 seq., 123, 127 seq.. 132, 134, 275, 298. 299, 312; with Gen'l Johnston, I., 313, 328, 341, 348, 368; II., 4, 9, 11, 18, 20 seq., 26, 27, 33; advance toward Washington (D. C.), II., 34, 38 seg., 42, 50, 52, 55 seq.; the rise of, II., 79 seq., 84 seq., 96, 98, 103, 105, 112 seq., 120, 128, 228 seq.; in 1863, II., 235 seq., 264, 320, 322, 324, 328, 334, 336, 340, 342, 345, 346; III., 16, 17,
23, 28, 30, 32, 43, 44, 45, 50, 52, 64, 66, 69, 70, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 94, 104, 144, 161, 180, 181, 190, 194, 204, 280, 287, 288, 291, 294, 297, 298, 300, 304, 306, 308, 309, 310, 312, 315, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324,
325, 328, 330, 332, 338, 340, 344, 346; IV., 33, 86, 88, 92, 94, 99, 100, 103, 153, 193, 204, 242, 255, 274, 286; V., 25, 28 seq., 32 seq., 66, 202, 214, 248, 260, 262, 268, 304; compels McCIellan to re treat from New Richmond, V., 314; VI., 70, 265; VII., 41 seq., 50, 102, 104 seq., 120, 176, 228, 241 seq., 270, 296; VIII., 18 seq., 88, 108, 112 seg., his tribute to the fighting ability of his men, 154, 159, 178, 196, 198, 206 seq.. 226, 246, 283, 292 seg.; invasion of Maryland, VIII., 319, 324,
326, 340, 362 seg., 376 seg.; DC.,
24, 38, 77, 83, 87, 120, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 144; homestead in Pleasant Valley, Md., IX., 161, 190, 211, 213, 215, 225, 230, 240, 243, 247, 257, 295, 313, 318, 322. 331, 334;X.,4, 28, 34; residence in Richmond, Va., X., 51, 52,; an cestors of, X., 52; in 1S50, X., 55, 57; Supt. U.S. Military Academy, X., 58; brigadier of the Confed eracy, X., 60: opinions in seces sion and slavery, X., 60; in the field, X., 61; commands Depart ment of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, X., 62; 1863, X., 63, 65; in Gettysburg campaign, X., 66; after the war, X., 67; retreat of, from Gettysburg, X., 68; in 1865, X., 69; Commander-in- chief of the Confederate army, X., 70; in defence of Petersburg, X., 70; in the wilderness, X., 70; with his staff, X., 71; Appomattoi Court House, X., 72; as college president, X., 72; in 1867, X., 73; in 1869, X., 73; rank of General, X. 74
Lee, *R. E., Jr., quoted, X., 63. Lee, S. D.: quoted, II., 188, 328,
332, 346; III., 138, 330; V., 67,
72; X., 247, 268. Lee, S. P., VI., 119, 120, 149, 179,
190, 260, 315. Lee. W. H. F.: I., 275; III., 196, 324,
344; IV., 29, 72, 82, 237, 240;
DC., 243, 284. Lee, W. J., VIII., 281. Lee, W. R., VII., 47. Lee and Gordon's Mills, Ga., II.,
270, 276 seg., 285. Lee Ford, Wis., II., 320, 340.
[339]
LKK SPRINGS
INDEX
McCTLLOCH
I/ee Springs, Va., II., 322.
Ixw's Hill, Va., V., 62.
Lee's Mills, Yorktown, Va.: I., 202.
264, 3fiO: V., 2;). 31, Leesburg, Va. (am also Ball's Bluff,
Va.): I., 352; II., 58. Lwtown. Ark., I., 358. LeGal, VIII., 72. I^gare's Point, S. C., I., 364. Ix-ggett, M. I)., X., 91. I^eirctt Hill, Ga., III., 131. Lfhi.jh. U. S. S., VI., 179. I^ipsic. losses at, X., 140. Ix-onard, W. H. H., VI., S3. "lx> Roy Stafford Camp," X., 298. "Ix-s MN"rahles de Point Look
out," VII., 125. "IxM us have peace," U. S. Grant.
IX., 117, 2!)0.
Letcher, J.: IV., 293; V., 306. L<'tterman, J., with his staff, VII.
21», 224.
" Ix-ttcrs from Home," VIII., 35. Leventhorpe, R., X., 281. Lewinsville, Va., I., 350; IV., 78. Ix-wis, J. H.. X., 269. Lewis, f. S. S., VI., 312. Lewisburg, N a., I., 364. "l/cxington," horse of W. T. Sher
man, IV., 3()6. Lexington, Ky., II., 326. Lexington, Mo., I., 352; III., 324. Lexington, Tenn., II., 32S. Lexington, Va.: Virginia military academy, ruins of, III., 140 «»•«.; X., 57.
Islington, W. Va., III., 324. Lexington, U. S. S.: I., 7!) seq,, 195, 2O4 Kpq., 205 sea., 356, 358, 360, 366; II., 352; VI., 147, 207, 214, 216, 221, 222, 310, 312. Li Hung Chang, IX., 119. Libby, W., & Son, VII., 91. Libby Prison, Richmond, Ya.: I., 113; VII., 19, 38, 45, 54 *<;,., 55 *««., 57, GO, 91; after tho war, 93; when used as prison for Con federates, VII., 94, 121, 12S, 136, 143, 145, 152, 284; Iowa Four teenth Infantry at, VIII., 251. Liberty, Ark., II., 352. Liberty Can, Tenn., II., 340. Liberty Mills Va., H 344. Udell, St. J., X., 273. Lieb, H., commanding colored regi
ment. II., 205. Lieber, F., VII., 15S. Lieutenant -General: rank of, re vived bv Congress, February 29, 1864, III., 32.
"Lifeofthecaptured," VII., 123-136. "Life in the prison-," VII., 124-136. Liggon prison, Richmond, Va.,
VII., 60.
Light draft water crafts; I., 245; on western rivers, VI., 209-223, 226; ferry-boats used as, VI., 262, 263; work of, in eastern waters, VI. 263. 264.
Lightburn, J. A. J., X., 87. Lightfoot, J. A., X., 292. Lilian, U. S. S.. III., 342. Lilley, R. D., X., 4. Lincoln, Abraham: I., 28 seq., 40, 41, 57; at McClellan's headquarters, I., S3 seq.; confronts Gen'l Mc- Clellan at his headquarters, I., 67, 69, 98. 104, 120, 126, 226, 307, 338; inaugurated Presi dent of the United States at Washington, I., 346; II., 20, 49; in camp at Antietam, Md., II., 77, 78, K2..102, 108, 109, 233, 271 316; III., 14, 29, 155, 183, 220, 248, 303, 304; IV., 24, 50, V., 124, 280; VI., 46, 53, 56, 84, 110. 115,
116, 137, 170, 308; VII., 30, 85,
117. 192, 194, 197, 202; assas sination of, VII., 203 seq.; mili tary commissioners to try Lin coln conspirators, VII., 207, 209 seq.. 293, 310, 330, 346, 34S; VIII., 26, 29; calls for troops, VIII., 67, G8; pen-portrait of, VIII., 92, 94 102; quoted, VIII., 260, 294, 345. 310 KF,,.. 350; "in the telegraph -mce," VIII., 361; IX., 24, 26,128, 2/>0, 2.»4; the last portrait taken, IX., 257, 259, 260, 288, 295, 297 310, 335, 342, 345; address at Gettysburg. EX., 22; "second in augural," IX., 28; funeral proces sion in NTew York, IX., 249; election of. IX., 251 ; with Tad, his son, DC., 253; Gettysburg ad-
[?D ED.]
dress of. IX., 255; assassination of, EX., 25S; funeral procession in Washington, IX., 258; second in auguration of, X., 16, 17, 42; opin ion of Grant, X., 46.
Lincoln, R. T., I., 19.
Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C., VII., 2S4.
Lincolnton, N. C., medical labora tory at, VII., 244.
Lio Y'ang, losses at, X., 124, 120.
Little, H., II., 324; X., 149.
Little Ada, U. S. S., III., 342.
"Little Giffen," F. O. Ticknor, IX., 64.
"Little Giffen of Tennessee," IX., 22.
Little Harpeth, Tenn., II., 332.
"Little Jeff," Grant's charger, IV., 307.
Little Kenesaw, Ga., III., 102.
"Little Napoleon" (see also G. B. McClellan), II., 54.
Little Xorth Mountain, Va.. III., 156.
Little Rebel, C. S. S., I., 244 seq.
Little River, S. C., VI., 322.
Little River Turnpike, Ya., II., 51.
Little Rock, State Capitol, Ark., II., 343, 344; V., 166.
Little Round Top, Gettysburg, Pa.: I., 68,70, 71 seq., 73; II., 251, 253, 255, 258, 260.
Little Run, S. C., VI., 316.
Little Santa Fe, Mo., I., 360.
Littleficld, A. K., VIII., 263.
Littlefield, M. S., II., 29.
Liver-more, M. A., VII., 326, 328.
Livennore, T. L., summary of Con federate armies, X., 150.
Livingston, C. S. S., VI., 21S.
Lizzie, C. S. S.. VI., 123.
Lizzie Martin, U. S. S., II., 162.
Llewellyn, D. H., VI., 301, 306.
Lloyd, L. T., VIII., 115.
Lockett, S. H., II., 190.
Lockridge Mills, Ky., I., 362.
Lockwood, H. H., X., 197.
Lockwood, J. T., X., 2.
Lockwood, U. S. S., L, 356.
Locomotive, "Fred Leach": V.,271; seized on Western and Atlantic Railroad, VIII., 277.
Locomotives, strangeuscsof.il., 225.
Locust Grove, Va., II., 340.
Lodge for invalid soldiers, VII.,
333. Lodge No. 5 at Washington, D. C.,
VII., 333.
Logan, J. A.: I., 358; with staff, II., 199, 201, 205; III., 342; X., 76, 170, 171, 294. Logan, T. M., X., 285. Logan's Cross Roads, Ky. (see also
Mill Springs, Ky.), I., ISO, 356. Lomax, L. L.: II., 344; III., 160, 332; IV., 92, 111, 250, 252, 262. Lone Jack, Mo., II., 320. Lonergan, telegraph operator, VIII.,
Long, A. L., X., 317.
Long, E., Second Division, II., 344
Long, J. B., V., 65.
Long Bridge, D. C.: L, 66; V., 90, 92; drill of defenders at, V., 93, 98, 102; wreck of engine at V., 287; entrance to, VIII., 81, 88.
Longstreet, J.: L, 36, 64, 70 seq 118, 132, 136, 152, 153, 162 290 292, 315, 322, 326, 330, 332, 334* 339, 362; II., 4, 34, 40 seq., 40' 47, 48, 58, 64 seq., 78, 96, 98, 101 112, 213, 240 seq., 248 seq., 253, 2.56 seq., 257, 260 seq, 276 seq., 300, 320, 322, 328, 332, 334, 338 348; III., 28, 30, 36, 41, 46, 48 84, 162, 188, 252, 278, 308, 318 33S, 346; IV., 193. 301 ; V., 34 01 '• VIII., 18, 164, 177, 196, 238, 246* 2,54 ;X., 40, 61, 245, 246.
Longview, Ark., II., 350.
"Lookout," horse of J. Hooker,
Lookout Creek, Tenn., II., 296. Lookout Mountain, Tenn.: battle
of, II., 10, 274, 277, 279 289,
290; northeast slope of, II., 293;
battles on, II., 294 seq.; Gen.
Hooker's earnp at base of, II .
303; Gen. Hooker and staff at,
II., 303; entrenchments on, II..
305; Pulpit Rock at, II., 307, 340-
IV., 204: V., 20S, 251; VII., 35;
VIIL, 325; signal station on.
VIII., 325; IX., 115, 170; Grant
at, X., 30, 31.
Lookout Valley, Tenn., II., 274,
279, 296; IX^, 99. ' 'Lorena," IX., 350. Loririg, W. W.: I., 352, 356; II.,
322, 334, 34S; X., 244, 251. Losses: in battles of Civil War and what they mean, X., 120 sec/., 142 seq.; percentages of Confederate losses, X., 158.
Lost Mountain, Ga., III., 118. Lotier, L., VII., 282. London, Tenn., IV., 160. Loudon Heights, Va., II., 60 seq.,
325, 348.
Louisa Court House, Va., IV., 108. Louisiana: I., 31; secedes, I., 346; Inf. company of, at drill, VIIL, 143; .State University of, IX., 246; X., 28, 86. Louisiana troops, Confederate:
Artillery: Washington Artillery of New Orleans, La., L, 95; Slew- art's, I., 354; Watson's, I., 354. Eni/ineers: First, L, 105. (.'iiealm: First, II., 322; Second, II., 350.
Infantry: Second, X., 156; Third, L, 350, 35.S; V., 20!) ; X., 156; Fifth, L, 364; Sixth, L, 350, 364; Seventh, L, 348, 350, 364; X., 239; Kighth, L, 350, 364; Ninth, VIIL, 118; Eleventh, L, 354; Fourteenth, X., 156; Twenty- first, VII., 249; Crescent Rifle's, I., 348; "Louisiana Tiger.s," L, 154, 273.
Louisiana troops, Union: Caralrtj: First, II., 322. Infantry: First, II., 205; Ninth (colored), losses, X., 152. Louisiana, C. S. S.: I., 228, 229,
234; VI., 192, 194. Louisiana, U. S. hospital boat,
VIL, 319. Louisiana, U. S. S.: L, 350- III,
342; V., 267; VI., 310,314. Louisville, Ky.: L, 299; II., 64; provo it-guard at, II., 324; III., 266; V., 302; army repair shop at, VIIL, 40. Louisville, Tenn., basis of supplies,
VIIL, 32.
Louisville and Nashville R. R.. de struction of, by Morgan, IV., 156. Louisville, U. S. S.: I., 187, 366;
VI., 150, 214, 216; IX., 271. Lovejoy's Station, Ga., III., 216
328. Lovell, M.: L, 362; II., 150, 324-
VI., 85, 190; X., 273. Lover, S., IX., 349. "Low in the Ground They're Rest ing," C. Coe, IX., 351." Lowe, J., VL, 301. Lowe, T. S. C.: VIIL, 10; in balloon observing battle of Fair Oaks VIIL, 369, 370, 373; in his bal loon, VIIL, 377; quoted, VIIL, 379; X., 25.
Lowell, C. R., IV., 248; X., 141. Lowell, J. R.: IX., 23, 26, 256, 261
263, 266.
Lowrey, M. B., X., 277. Lowry, R.. X., 275. Lovvry, R. B., VL, 93. Loyal Legion, Military Order of (see also Military Order of the Loyal Legion), L, 19. Lucas, T. J., X., 203. Lucas Bend on Ohio River, U. S. S.
Conestoga at, I., 189. "Luck of Roaring Camp," F. Bret
Harte, IX., 35. Lucy, C'. S. S., VI., 123. Luri/ C. Holmes, C. S. S., VL, 123 "Lucy Long," horse of R. E. Lee.
IV., 300.
Ludlow, B. C., L, 113. Ludlow, W. H., VII., 101, 104. Lumber: used by Union army,
Luminary, U. S. S., VL, 318 Luray Valley, Ya.: III., 15S; IV.,
104.
Lurton, H. II., X., 24. Lutheran church, Main street
Sharpsburg, Md., II., 75. Lyceum Hall, Alexandria, Va.,
VIL, 234. Lynch, W. F.: I., 356; VI., 95, 99,
264, 270, 273. I.ynchburg, Va.: I., 94, 96 1,30-
III., 144, 306, 324; IV., 114:
General Hospital No. 1, VIL, 292. Lynchburg.Va., railroad at, III.. 320.
Lynnville, Tenn., III., 338.
Lyon, H. B., X., 269.
Lyon, J., VIL, 210.
Lyon, N.: I., 172, 353, 367 *«,.: V., 42; VIL, 30; prompt action taken in national defense, VIIL, 74- X , 135.
Lyon, Fort, D. C. (see FY>rt Lvon, D. C.), L, 168.
Lyons, J., X., 4.
Lyons, Lord, VL, 25; VIL, 196
Lyrics, IX., 150 seq.
Lytle, A. D.: remarkable photo graph by, L, 24, 25; gallery of, I., 31, 42, 44; II., 131, 134, 136, ISO, 208; IV., 130, 133; V., 43; VL, 185, 203; VIL, 117; VIIL, 31 297, 299, 301.
Lytle, W. H., II., 2S4, 288; X., 139.
M
McAllister, Fort (see also Fort
McAllister), L, 80. MacArthur A., VIIL, 194, 234. McArthur, J.: II., 14S; IV., 256; X.,
199.
Macarthy, H.. IX., 343. McBlair, N., VIL, 139. McCabe, G., of Richmond, Va ,
quoted, IX., 203. McCabe, W. G.: IX., 147, 148, 150
151, 203.
McCall, G. A.: L, 314, 317, 319,
324, 334, 368; V., 26 xeq.; X., 293.
McCallum, D. C., V., 275, 287, 289,
296.
McCandless, L. D., VIIL, 363. McCarthy's battery, L, 291, 293. McCausland, J.: III., 141, 150, 324
328; V., 106; X., 321. McCaw, J. B., VIL, 282. McClellan, G. B.: L, 42, 44, 51 xrq.; headquarters, L, 63; headquar ters of, two weeks after Antietam, L, 67; relieved, L, 07, 110, 113, 115, 116, 121, 126 seq., 132, 130, 107, 178, 252, 254; with royal aide, L, 257; headquarters before Yorktown, Va., L, 259, 260, 204; headquarters on the Pamunkev, L, 275, 286; officers of Horse Artillery brigade of, L, 287, 292, 301 ; with Gen'l McDowell, I. ,307, 310, 311, 314,317; staff officers of, L, 319, 323, 329, 330, 340, 348, 300, 306; II., 4, 20 seq., 22, 24, 40, 43, 54, 56, 58 seq., 04 seq., 78, 82, 324; IV., 32, 47, 52, 66, 78, 79, 89, 203, 209, 222, 228, 304, 315, 317; V., 22, 23, 36, 94, 98, 104, 198, 200, 228, 260, 304; VL, 94, J14; VIL, 30, 100, 102, 188, 219 22S 259, 261 seq., 306, 310; VIIL, 4, 20 seij.; Peninsula campaign, VIIL, 43, 50; New York Seventy- first joins, VIIL, 09; organizes brigade and division, VIIL, 7s, 84, 92, 97, 158, 105, 220, 202, 207, 269, 271, 270, 317, 320, 343, 345; use of telegraph for tactical pur poses, VIIL, 354, 370 seq.; IX., 59, 78, 87, 143, 157; X., 40, 104, 166; with Mrs. McClellan, X., 167. McClellan, Mrs. G. B., IX., 101. McClellan Zouaves, Charleston,
S. C., VIIL, 153. McClelland, U. S. S., VI. , 82. McClernand, J. A.: L, 179, 1x4. 186 seq., 190, 208, 300; II., 77, 182, 205, 206, 212, 218, 330, 334; V., 42, 44, 46; men of, at Mem phis, X., 11,177,218. McClung, C. L.: VL, 233; X., 2. McClure, A. K., IV., 268. McClurg, A. C., X., 199. McComas, W. W., L, 362. McCornb, W., X., 299. McCook, A. G., X., 237. McCook, A. MeD.: L, 20S; II., 170 seq., 177, 274 seq.; with staff, II., 279, 330; EX., 99; X., 193, 22s. MeCook, "Bob," VIIL, 190. McCook, D.: III., 117, 322; VIIL,
190; X., 139.
McCook, E. M.: II., 320, 341: III., 108, 328, 346; IV., 102, 104; X., 85.
McCook, R. L., X., 135. McCook's house, Spotsylvania
Court House, III., 57. MeCown, J.P.: L, 300; X.,272, 295. McCoy, J. C., L, 248. McCulloch, B.: L, 358, 307; X., 147.
[340]
McCULLOCH
INDEX
MASTER
McCulloch, H. E., X., 315.
McCullough H., quoted, VIII., 136.
McCutcheon, chief engineer, U. S. N., VI., 113.
MacDonald, E., II., 330.
MacDonald's battery, I., 358.
McDmough, U. S. S., VI., 57.
MacDougall, C. D., X., 2.
McDowell, I.: I., 36, 44, 138, 140 seq., 146 seq., 148, 150 seq., 151, 153, 158, 160, 163, 254, 260, 28(5, 303, 304, 307 xeq., 308, 310, 314, 362; II., 18, 20 seq., 22, 43 seq., 46, 320, 322; headquarters of, IV., 89; V., 19, 26 srq., 82, 90, 104, 149, 278, 280, 284, 286; X., 108, 179, 186.
McDowell, J. M., VIL, 62.
McDowell, Va., I., 362.
Macedonian, I'. S. S., VI., 44, 45.
MoElroy, J., I., 19.
McEntee, J., VIII., 265.
McFarland's Gap, (ia., II., 286.
McFerrin, J. B., VIL, 272.
McOarry, E., X., 19J.
McGinrus, G. F., X., 203.
McGowan, J. E., III., 70.
MeGowan, S.: II., 334; X., 113.
McGregor, \V. M., IV., 226.
McGuire, H.: VII., 246; X., 103.
Mclntosh, C. F., VI., 11)2.
Mclntosh, D. G..X..27.
Mclntosh, J.: I., 358; X., 149.
Mclntosh, J. H., X., 291.
Mclntyre, A. C., IX., 291.
Maokall, W. W.: I., 218; X., 373.
McKean, T., II., 150.
McKean, T. J.: II., 324; X.,291.
McKean. W. W., VI., 116, 120, 186.
Mclvelvcy, C., VII., 274.
McKenzie, A. S., VI., 137.
Mackenzie, U.S.: VIII. ,196; X., 219.
McKim, H. H.: VIII., 9; historian, VIII., 108 srq.; quoted, VIII., 115, 118; X., 27.
Mnrhinnir. V . S. S., III., 342.
McKinley, Me.. VI., 137.
McKinley, William: III., 165; assas sination of, IX., 38; X., 19, 138.
McLaws, L., II., 60, 68, 70, 320,
324, 334; V., 64; X., 115, 280, McLean, X. C'., X., 231. McLean, W.: III., 310, 314, 315;
IX., 127.
McLean Ford, Va., II., 344. McLean House, near Manassas,
Va., I., 153. Mcl.omorc's Cove, Tenn., II., 274,
McMahon, M. T.: III., 55, 88;
V III., 241.
Mc.Master, F. W., III., 191. McMillan, ,1. W.. X., 203. McMillen, W. L., III., 270. McMinnville, Tcnn.: II., 322, 344;
IV., 164.
McNair, D., X., 259. McNair, E., II., 288. Mr'Xaughton, J. II., IX., .349. McNeil,' J.: II., 320; X., 217. MeNeill, J., IV., 114. McXeillv. .1. H., VII., 272. McNutt, W. F., VII., 318. Macon, Oa.: III., 133, 216, 224,
325, 344,; IV., 140; V., 150, 162, 164; central laboratory at, V., 170; VII., 60, 132; medical laboratory at, VII., 244; Con federate hospital captured at, VIL, 290; volunteers, IX., 25; Jefferson Davis in ambulance, IX., 295.
McPhail, J. L., VIL, 200. McPherson, J. B.: L, 33; II., 160,
199, 212, 216, 218, 334, 341; III.,
101, 106, 108, 109, 113, 120, 124,
131, 132, 134, 221, 224, 318, 320,
322, 326, 328; V., 46; VIII., 240;
X., 129, 168. McPherson Hospital, Vicksburg,
Miss., VII., 233. McPherson's Woods, Pa.: II., 241,
243, 244; IX., 223. McRac, D., X., 259. McRae, D. K.: L, 272; brigade of,
II., 67.
McKae, W., X., 281. MrKae, C. S. S.: L, 219; VI., 192,
193, 204, 218. MeRee, Fort, battery north of
Pcnsacola, Fla., VIIL, 107. Madill, H. J., X., 303. Madison, .L, L, 17. Madison, surgeon, VIL, 222. Madison Court House, Va., IV., 96.
[2o ED.]
Maffit, E., VI., 301.
Maffit, J. N., VI., 291, 293.
Maffit's Channel, S. C., VI., 312.
Magee, S., VIIL, 281.
Maggofin, escape from Alton prison, VIL, 144.
Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S. C., IX., 274, 277.
Magruder, J. B.: headquarters of, Vorktown, Va., L, 261, 262, 263, 265, 323, 325, 327, 330, 332, 333, 360, 362, 368; II., 330; V., 25, 32 xeq.; VI., 272, 316; VIIL, 149, 371 ;X., 4, 242, 251.
Mahan, A. T., L, 233. 236.
Mahone, W.: III., 191, 196, 202, 204, 205, 208, 311; V., 270; X., 284, 286.
Mnhopar, U. S. S., III., 340; VI., 115.
Mail and newspapers, VIIL, 33, 35.
Maine troops:
Henry Artillery: First, X., 118, 119; First, losses, X., 152.
Artillery: First, II., 330; Sec ond, L, 364; Fourth, II., 344; Fifth, III., 154; Sixth, II., 328.
Cavalry: First, II., 336, 342; IV., 57, 329; Second, III., 332. Infantry: First, V., 4; VIL, 1(59; First, losses, X., 154; Second, L, 167; 348; Second, mustered out, VIIL, 59; Second, Army of Potomac, VIIL, 59; Second, at Camp Jameson, 1861, VIIL, 59; Fourth, L, 354; Fifth, L, 362; II., 346; Sixth, II., 123, 336, 346; Seventh, L, 364; VIL, 274; Eighth, L, 360; Tenth, II., 29; Eleventh, L, 290; Twelfth, VI., 312; Fourteenth, II., 320; Seven teenth, losses, X., 154; Twentieth, L, 167; II., 253; Twentieth, trans ferred from Second Maine, VIIL, 59, 193, 196; Twenty-eighth, II., 331, 340.
Maine: population of in, 1860, VIIL, 58; number of troops, losses, VIIL, 59.
Major, J. P., X., 271.
Mallet, J. W.: V., 156, 162, 168, 170, 190; X., 27.
Mallory, S. K.: VI., 73, 74, 78, 86, 90; quoted, VI., 142 seq., 289, 290; X., 13.
Malplaquet, France, battle of, II., 272; losses at, X., 140.
Malone, C., VIL, 147.
Maltby, J. A., X., 199.
Mahern, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI., 257, 317.
Malvern Hill, Va.: L, 122, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 343, 366; II., 320; III., 324, 326; IV., 126; V., 21, 30 seq., 60, 230; IX., 144; X., 142, 156.
"Man of the hour," III., 150.
Manassas, Va. (see also Bull Run, Va.): L, 136, 140 seq., 146, 151, 153, 161, 256, 266, 306, 348; II., 18, 34, 44. 54; second battle of, II., 322; IV., 78; V., 21; Confede rate artillery at, V., 64,66, 72,90; effect of military on Confederates at, V., 92, 94; entrenchments, Con federate at, V., 198; Confederate guns abandoned at, V., 203; fortifications at, V., 203, 290; VIL, 160, 280; VIIL, 73, 87, 103, 282, 288; first battle of, IX., 83; losses at, X., 62, 126, 156.
Manassas and Chantilly, Va., losses at, X., 142.
Manassas Gap, Va.: II., .342; rail road at, V., 282.
Manassas Junction, Va. : L, 146; II., 34, 39 seq., 40; after Confed erate attack, II., 41; disaster at, caused by delay in reenforeing Pope, II., 43; III., 30; IV., 87, 89; military train destroyed at, IV., 91; federal supplies cap tured at, IV. ,93; Jackson destroys supplies at, IV., 95 seq.
Manassas Station, Va.: Orange and Alexandria R. R., L, 161 seq. ; III., 315; captured, IX., 75.
Manassas, C. S. S.: L, 227, 228, 232, 234; VI., 189, 191, 192, 194, 198, 218, 310, 314.
Manchester, Md., VIIL, 204.
Manderson, C. F., X., 231.
Maney, F., L, 186.
Maney, G.: IX., 245; X., 295.
Maney's battery, Tenn., L, 18(5.
Mangan, J. C., IX., 158.
Manhattan, U. S. S., VI., 247.
Manigault, A. M., X., 283.
Mansfield, J. K. F.: L, 64; II., 61, 68 seq., 324; X., 129, 216.
Mansion House Hospital, Alexan dria, Va., VIL, 233.
Manson, M. D., X., 87.
Manufacturing depots, VIIL, 56.
"Many thousand go," IX., 352.
Map of important battlegrounds of the Civil War: L, 2; photograph ing, VIIL, 23.
Maple Leaf, U. S. S., VI., 320.
Maratanza, U. S. S.: III., 342; VI., 77, 79, 314.
Marblehead, U. S. S., VI., 121, 320.
"March to the Sea": under Gen. Sherman, L, 80, 128; one of the greatest pageants in the world's warfare, III., 214 seq.; prepara tions for, III., 220, 221, 222; VIIL, 210-214; IX., 169, 170, 171.
Marches: cf the Federal armies, VIII., 202; long, VIIL, 204, 214.
Marching: and its lessons to the soldier, VIIL, 164; and foraging, VIIL, 197; appearance of sol diers, VIIL, 203; step, length of, VIIL, 205; songs, IX., 20; tunes, IX., 342 seq.
"Marching through Georgia," H. C. Work, IX., 168, 23.5, 243, 344.
Marcey, R. B., V., 75.
Maria, C. S. S., VI., 123.
Marianna, Ark., II., 326.
Marianna, Fla., III., 332.
Marietta, Ga.: G. H. Thomas' head quarters at, III., 119; battle of Kenesaw Mountain at Big Shanty, III., 322; VIL, 266; VIIL, 332.
Marines, Confederate, in defense of Richmond, VI., 289.
Marines, U. S.: Battalion of, L, 348, on western rivers, VI., 68-9; in land assault on Fort Fisher, VI., 248, 2.57, 259.
Marion Artillery Companv, Charles ton, S. C., V.", 60.
Markham, Mr., L, 233.
Marks Mills, Ark., II., 352.
Marlborough, J. C., L, 196.
Marmaduke, J. S.: II., 326, 330, 332, 340, 342, 344; III., 322; X., 279.
Marmora, U. S. S., VI., 221.
Marshall, C., VIIL, 241.
Marshall, E. G., III., 200; X., 225.
Marshall, H.: L, 180, 363, 364; II., 328; X., 254, 267.
Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., L, 346.
"Marshall Ney of Gettysburg," a name given to Gen'l G. E. Pickett, II., 261.
Marston, G., X., 219.
Marston, J., VI., 174.
Martha's Vineyard, Mass., VI., 318.
Martin, J. G.: II., 322 ; X., 279.
Martin, J. W.: Sixth Independent New York Battery, horse artil lery, IX., 61.
Martin, R. M.: attempts to burn New York City, VIIL, 300 seq.
Martin, W. F.: L, 350; II., 330, 348.
Martindale, J. H.: L, 333; X., 191, 226.
Martinsburg, Md., L, 348.
Martinsburg, Mo., L, 348.
Martin.sburg, W. Va.: II., 336; III., 144, 148; IV., 82, 84.
Marye's Heights, Va.: II., 81; Confederates, strongest position of, on, II., 84, 86; national ceme tery at, II., 87; Union assault upon and slaughter at, II., 92-96 inc.; Marye's house at, II., 95; I'nion and Confederate losses and wounded at, II., 102, 113, 120, 123 seq. ; havoc wrought on, II., 125, 126; Union success at, dearly bought, II., 127; V., 16, 58; federal wounded at, VIL, 252, 253; Indian sharpshooters at, VIL, 254; wounded at, VIL, 255, 269, 303; removing wounded from, VIL, 298; capture of, VIL, 308; assault on, VIII., 97.
Marye's Hill, Va.: II., 92; VIIL, 232.
Maryland troops, Confederate:
'infantry: First, L, 342, 350, 364, 366; VIL, 169; VIIL, 122; X., 156; losses at Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158.
Maryland troops, Union:
Cavalry: First, II., 328, 348. Infantry: First, L, 364; home brigade, II., 324, 336; VIL, 169; Second home brigade, II., 348; Third home brigade, II., 324; Sixth, II., 336.
Maryland the invasion of: II., 58 seq., 240; campaign of, II., 78; feeling against the United Statea troops passing through, VIIL, 74; enlistment on both sides, VIIL, 103; campaign, Lee's, VIIL, 154, 159.
Maryland Heights, Va.: II., 60; the abandoned stronghold, II , 325; III., 326.
Mason, A. P., VI., 291.
Mason, C., IV., 329.
Mason, Emily, VIL, 296.
Mason, H. R., V., 205.
Mason, J. M.: L, 354; VI., 310, 314.; VIL, 296.
Mason, J. S., VIL, 150.
Mason, J. W., IV., 212.
Mason, R.: VIL, 10; VIIL, 10.
Mason and Dixon line, II., 78, 234.
Mason and Munson's Hill, Va., IV., 79.
Massachusetts troops:
Artillery, Heavy: First, III., 65; at Belle Plain, Va., V., 52, 53; Third, X., 101; Company K, X., 101; Company A, V., 105.
Artillery, Light: First, L, 362; battery in camp, V., 27; Second, II., 180, 320; Third, III., 155; Fourth, II., 180, 320; Fifth, L, 364; V., 47; Sixth, II., 180, 320, 330; Eighth, V., 27; Ninth, II., 247, 250; Sixteenth, IX., 265; Eighteenth, III., 71.
Cavalry: First, L, 366; II., 326, 336; horses of E. A. Flint, IV., 53, 57; group of, IV., 123 seq.; group of officers of, IV., 123 seq.; companies C and D, IV., 183, 197; VIIL, 135; independent company, II., 350.
Infantry: First, L, 348, 362; VIL, 169; Second, II., 336; losses, V., 154; Fourth, L, 348; II., 320, 330; Fifth, L, 348; Sixth L, 66, 320; protection against the mob in Baltimore, Md., VIIL, 63, 72; IX., 19, 158, 261; Eighth, VI., 44; VIIL, 67, 72; repairing the railway, VIIL, 74; Ninth, L, 342, 343, 364; and Second Bull Run, VIIL, 63; Irish recruits from Boston, VIIL, 100; officers of, at Camp Cass, VIIL, 63; at service, VIIL, 100; Twelfth, X., 124, 152; Thirteenth, I., 352; Fourteenth, II., 336 fif teenth, L, 296, 352; VIIL, 98, 104; X., 124; losses, X., 154; Sixteenth, I., 366; Seventeenth, II., 348; Nineteenth, IX., 315; Twentieth, L, 296, 352; VIIL, 104; losses, X., 152; Twenty- first, L, 356, 358, 362; Twenty- second, L, 364; VIIL, 196; losses, X., 154; Twenty-third, L, 356, 358; Twenty-fourth, L, 356, 358, 366; II., '322, 348; V., 117; Twenty-fifth, L, 356, 358; losses, X., 152; Twenty-sixth, II., 336; Twenty-seventh", L, 356, 358; Twenty-eighth, L, 364, 366; II., 93; losses, X., 154; Thirtieth, II., 320; Thirty-third, II., 336; Fortieth, II., 350; bayonet drill of, VIIL, 183; Forty-second, II., 330, 336; Forty-seventh, II., 336; Fifty-fourth (colored), IX., 177; Fifty-fifth (colored), III., 340; IX., 177; Fifty-seventh, losses, X., 154.
Massachusetts: population in 1860, VIIL, 58; number troops lost, VIIL, 59; activity in recruiting, VIIL, 72; exceeds quota asked for, VIIL, 74; uniform of troops, VIIL, 78; soldiers visit Rich mond, X., 138.
Massachusetts Historical Society, Proceedings of, L, 90.
Massachusetts, U. S. S., VI., 310.
Massannutten Mountain, Va.: I., 308; III., 162; IX., 87.
"Massa'sin de Cold, Cold Ground," S. C. Foster. IX., 346.
Massasoit, U. S. S., VI., 175, 265.
Master, M., VIIL, 115.
[341]
MASTERPIECE
t
"Masterpiece °f tactics," II., 2s5.
Matamoras, Tex., I., 94.
Matapony, Va. (see also Thoen- burg,Va.),II.,320.
Matabrsett, U. S. S.. III., 31.S.
M.-ithias Point, Va.: I., 348; VI., '.Hi, 97, 308.
Mattapony River, Va.: I., 282; V., 260.
Matthews, B., IX., l.r>8.
Maull, J. F., VII., 147.
Maumer. V. S. S., III., 342.
Maurepas. C. S. S.: I., 366: VI., 21*.
Maury D. H.: II., ISO. 332; III., 32\ 344; quoted, IV., 27S; VI., 25.s. 200; IX., 247; X., 251, 27S.
Maury. I.. I., 14.
Maury, M. F., VI., 296.
M:i\. v, S. B., X., 313.
Maxey, J., I., 179.
Maxwell, J. C,., VI., 104. 310.
May, E. S., quoted, V., .54.
Maynard, 11.. IV., 50.
Mazrppa, U. S. S., IV., 163.
Meade, G. G.: I., 43, 68, 73, 113, 132; II., 88, 100, 108, 110, 203; with staff, II., 232; headquar ters at Cemetery Ridge, Gettys burg, Pa., II., 261; Jinny of. .•iftrr crossing Potomac, II., ?(>7; lic;nl«iuarters at Culpeper, Va., II., 345; III., 15, 28; hcad- <|ii:irters at Brandy Station, \'a., III., 29, 30, 31, 32,"34. 4(i, 53, 55, 58, 68, 81, 82, 84, 88, 190, 294, 318, 320, 322, 324. 346; IV., 43, 92, 122, 203, 274, 312; V., 240, 24(i; VI., 317; at Gettysburg, 1'a., VIII., 36; march to Petersburg, Va., VIII., 50, 95, 98, 204, 232, 234, 246, 327, 338, 345, 350, 357. 300. 3ox; IX.,235.331 :X.,10s,l(i9.
Meade, G., Jr., VIII., 192.
Meade, R. W., Jr., VI., 121.
Meadow Bridge, Va.: I., 319, 3_'2; IV., 126.
Aleagher, T. F.: I., 330; II., 09; Irish brigade, II., 92, 93, 324; X., 125.
Mechanics: recruits, VIII., 187.
Mechanicrville, Va.: Kllorson's Mill near, I., 317; bridge at, I., 31", 320, 322, 343, 364. 360; III., 84: IV., 223 .svy.: V., 21, 30 ?eq., 32, 33, 149, 230; losses at, X.. 142.
Medical officers: VII., 216; army, multiplicity of important duties of, VII., 224; number of, in war, and achievements of, VII., 226; Federal, record of casualties among, VII., 228; of the two armies, consideration shown one to the other, VII., 290.
Medical and surgical supplies: VII., 213 «<>(/.; transportation of, VII., 228, 230.
Medical service of the Confederacy, VII., 237.
Medical supplies: means and ways of obtaining, by Confederates. VII., 242, 244; want of, among citizens of Southern states, VII., 245; books, in medical depart ment of Confederate army, VIII., 248-250.
Medical Landing, City Point, Va., VII., 227.
"Medical Purveyors Department," Confederate. VII., 241.
Medicines: poor quality and prep aration of, VII., 232."
Medley, W. Va., II., 348.
"Meet. <) Lord," anon., IX., 352.
Meigs, M. C., VII., 69, 98; X., 291.
Meikle. G. W., III., 207.
Memminger, C. G.: VI., 30; X., 13.
Memorial Day: IX., 275; X., 294.
Memphis, Mo., I., 368.
Memphis, Tenn.: I., 94, 108, 187, 214, 225, 235, 236 seq.. 246, 24H, 366; II., 182, 18S, 341, 350; III., 330; IV., 49; V., 164; VI., 35, 222, 314; VIII., 208; McClernand's corps at, X., 11.
Memphis, U. S. S., II., 330.
Memphis and Charleston R.R.: II., 147, 152; III., 16.
"Men who policed the Federals." VII., 191.
"Men who shod a million horses," IV., 68, 69.
Mendell.G. H., V., 242.
Men<l«ta. U. S. S.: VI., 13, 63; the Parrott gun of. VI., 275; men on the, VI., 27S.
INDEX
Mercer, H. W.. X., 263.
Mercer. S., VI., 100.
Merchants' Association of Boston, Mass., IX., 31.
" Merchants that followed the armies," VIII., 33.
Merciaita, U.S.S.: II., 330; VI., 239, 272, 318.
Mercury, U. S. S., II., 162.
Meredith, S.: II., 241 ; X., 125.
Meredith. S. A., VII., 101, 114.
Meredith, W. T., author of poem "Farragut," IX., 102.
Meridian, Miss.: II., 341, 34S; III., 221; IV., 198.
Meridian Hill, Washington. D. C., New York Seventh, camp of, VIII., 67.
Merrill, G. S., X., 296.
Merrimac. C. S. S. (see also I ir- Oinia, C. S. S.): I., 239, 200, 358; V., 258; VI., 20 seq., 36, 73, 130, 137, 140, 142, 1.54, 163, 309, 312,314.
Merritt. W.: III., 54, 160, 287, 328, 330, 332, 338. 340; IV., 23, 34, 41, 215, quoted. 222, 230, 242, 244, 250, 252. 260, 261, 271 seq., 276 Keg., 278; VIII., 185, 193, 196, 234; X., 95, 238.
Merrvman, J.. VII., 194, 200.
Mersy, A., X., 201.
Merv'ine, W., VI., 118.
Meserve, F. H., I., 14.
Metucomet, V. S. S., VI., 247, 254.
Metarnora, on Big Hatcbie River, Miss., II., 324.
Mexican War: I., 174; II., 143, 242; Braxton Bragg, services in, II., 2S1; IV., 22, VII., 347; veterans of, VIII., 181; IX., 211, 288; Lee in. X., 56 seq.
Miami, V. S. S.: II., 352; III., 318; VI., 188, 190; officers of, VI., 199.
Miantonomoh, U. S. S., VI., 132, 133, 152.
Michie, P. S. : III., 323; V., 243; IX., 179.
Michigan: population of, in 1860, VIII., 71; appropriations for military service, VIII., 71; losses during the Civil War, VIII., 71; quota of troops furnished during Civil War, VIII., 71; responses to first call, VIII., 74; quota sent to defend the Union, VIII., 77, 78.
Michigan State Relief Association, at White House, Va., VII., 341.
Michigan troops:
Artillery: First, I., 352; III., 326; Eleventh, II., 336, 348; Twenty-fourth, II., 346.
Enuineerx: First, mechanics and artisans of, building the Elk River bridge, I., 213; III., 210, 211.
Cavalry: First, I., 360; IV., 29, 170; capture of Turner Asliby, IV., 177, 240; Second, I., 364; II., 330, 332, 336; IV., 146, 263; Third, I., 358; II., 342; III., 324; Fourth, III., 346; IX., 295, 297; Seventh, II., 336; IV., 237, 240; Ninth, II., 330; Tenth, III., 330. Infantry: First, I., 348; III., 3')1; transfer of the Fourth to, VIII., 73; losses. X., 154; Second, I., 348, 354; III., 330; Third, I., 348, 354; II., 346; IX., 59; Fourth, I., 304; VIII., 71; mustered in, VIII., 73, 75, 77, 95: losses, X., 154; Fifth, I., 354: II., 346; IV., 172; IX., 59; losses, X., 154; Sixth, II., 320, 330; Seventh, I., 296; IX., 315; losses, X., 154; Eighth, I., 360, 364, 366; VII., 4, 27; Ninth, I., 368; II., 322; Eleventh, III., 332; Twelfth, II., 328; Four teenth, II., 320; Fifteenth, II., 336; Sixteenth, I., 364; Eigh teenth, II., 332; III., 332, 33S; Nineteenth, II., 330, 332; Twenty-first, II., 171, 173; Twenty-second, II., 332: VIII., 192; Twenty-third, II., 340- Twenty-fourth, II., 239; X., 124: Twenty-fifth, IV., 175; Twenty- sixth, III., 313; bugler of, VIIL, 255; Twenty-seventh, losses, X., 154.
Mirhiutm. V. S. S.: VI., IS; VIIL,
298. Michler, \., V., 238, 240; cottage
of, V., 249.
Miekle, W. E., I., 19.
Middle Creek, Ky.. I., 356, 363.
Middle Croek Fork, W. Va. (see also Buckhannon, \V Va.), I., 348.
Middleburg, Tenn., II., 328.
Middleton, Tenn., II., 340.
Middletown, Md., III., 326.
Middletown, Va.: I., .364; II., 336.
Milbrook Manor House, England, IX., 340 1.
Miles, D. H., I., 10.
Miles, N. A.: II., 60, 62; III., 201, 208, 294; VIIL, 196; X., 190,213.
Milford, Mo., I., 354.
Milford, Va., III., 158.
Military Commission: the trial and conviction of C. L. Vallandigham by, VII., 204 seq. ; the trial and conviction of Col. L. P. Milligan and associates by, VII., 206, 20S; court convened at Washington. D. C., May 9, 1865, VII., 207, 209; the members of the com mission which tried the Lincoln conspirators, VII.. 207-209.
Military Information Bureau: VIII.', 264; chief and aides, VIIL. 264, 265, 278, 305 seq.
Military Order of the Loyal Legion: its organization and history, L, 14-19; X., 290.
Military Railroads: an important factor in war science: II., 34, 35 *•('?.; condition of, and their use (hiring the war. II., 125; IV., 159; deficient in equipment and physi cal condition in 1864, IV., 91; train captured and upset by Con federates. IV., 91.
Military status of the North and the South compared at the out break of the war, IV., 24, 26.
Militia: arming of, V., 142; Louisi ana, at drill, VIIL, 143; South Carolina, at beginning of war, VIII,, 147.
Mill Creek, N. C., III., 166.
Mill Creek Gap, Ga., III., 318.
Mill Creek Mills, W. Va. (see also Romney, W. Va.), L, 354.
Mill Springs, Ky.: L, 180, 356: V., 65; X., 156.
Milledgeville, Ga., III., 22S, 232.
Milteilurrillf, C. S. S.. VI., 75.
Milieu, Ga., VII., 130.
Miller, F. T.: L, 5, 9, 11: a photo graphic history, outgrowth (,f plan of, L, 14; II., 5.
Miller, J. F., X., 203.
Miller, Lieut., Pennsylvania First Light Artillery: L, 23; III., 177.
Miller, S.:L, 147; X., 217.
Miller, W., X., 261.
Miller, W. H., L, 19.
Milligan, L. P., VII., 206, 208.
Milliken's Bend, La.: II., 212, 336; VI., 207, 310.
Millsville, Mo. (see also Wentz- ville, Mo.), L. 348.
Milroy, R. H.: II., 49, 322; III., 340.
Milwaukee, Wis.: mustering a regiment, VIIL, 74.
Milwaukee, U. S. S., VI., 276, 319, 322.
Minclil, G. W.,X., 219.
Mine Run, Va.: II., 345, 346; III., 17, 30; V., 238.
Miner, Lieut.. VIIL, 324.
Miner's Hill, Va., VIIL, 99.
Minnesota: response to first call, VIIL, 74, 78; quota furnished to defend I'nion, VIIL, 79; losses during Civil War, VIIL, 79; population of, in 1860, VIIL, 79.
Minnesota troops:
Infantry: First, L, 147, 348; dead of, at Gettysburg, II., 244 ; at Camp Stone, Md., VIIL, 79; 98; X., 124; losses, X., 152, 154; Second, L, 34S, 356; III., 101; Third, L, 368; II., 343, 350; Fourth. III., 332; Fifth. II., 352; III., 330; Seventh, III., 330; Eighth, III., 159, 247; Ninth, III., 324; Tenth, III., 270.
Minnesota, I". S. S.: L, 358; II., 348; III., 340; V., 207; VI., 30, 48. 100, 102, 125, 156, 101, 269. 308. 311.
Minor, R. I)., VI., 168.
Minor's Hill, Va.: L, 257; signal tower. VIIL, 315.
Mitity, H. II. G., IV., 34.
Missionary Ridge, Tenn.: battle of, II., 10, 177, 270, 277, 290, 294,
MISSOURI TROOPS
301, 309; V., 208; IX., 115, 166; X., 31, 90.
Mississippi: secedes, L, 346; military division of, II., 296, 324; III'., 322, 326; campaign in, IV., 198; forts, VI., 38; a plantation view, IX., 183; campaign that opened 1863, X., 78.
Mississippi troops, Confederate:
Artillery: Smith's battery, L, 354.
Camlry: First, L, 352; Second, L, 352; Third, L, 352.
Infantry: First, L, 358; Second, L, 350: Third. L, 358; Fourth, L, 356, 358; Sixth, losses at Shiloh, Tenn., X., 158; Eighth, losses at Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158; Ninth, Company B, officers of, L, 97, 197, 201, 352; VIIL, 149, 151 ; Tenth, L, 352; Eleventh. L, 350; Twelfth, X., 150; Thirteenth, L, 348, 350, 352; Fifteenth, L, 350; X., 156; Sixteenth, losses at An- tietam. Md., X., 158; Seventeenth, L, 350, 352; Eighteenth, L, 350, 352; losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Nineteenth, X., 156; Twen tieth, L, 358; Twenty-sixth, L, 358; Thirty-fifth, X., 1.50; Forty- second. X., 150.
Mississippi troops, Union:
Infantry: First, III., 342.
Mississippi, C. S. S., L, 229, 233, 234.
Mississippi, U. S. S.: L, 227, 234; II., 210; VI., 55, 188, 190, 191, 200, 234, 318.
Mississippi Central Railroad, II., 200.
Mississippi river: opening of, II., 9. 129; II., 130, 179 .«</.: Federal transportson.il., 182; the gate to, II., 193; below Vieksluirg, Miss.. II., 330; VI., 35; delta of, VI., 189;VIIL, 40; opening of.IX., 105.
Mississippi Sound, Miss., VI., 312.
Mississippi squadron: gunboats, II., 330; VI., 214, 220; VIII., 330.
"Mississippi Valley in the Civil War, The." John Fiske, II., 100, 272.
Mississippi Valley: VI., 112; ruins in, IX., 317; campaign, X., 88.
Missouri: II., 330; militia, II., 344: VII., 30; response to call to de fend the Union. VIIL, 74; en listment on both sides, VIIL, 102.
Missouri troops, Confederate: Cavalry: First, L, 35S. Infantry: First, L, 35S; Second, L, 358; Third, L, 358; Fourth, L, 358; Fifth, L, 358; Sixth, L, 358; losses at Vicksburg, Miss., and Corinth, Miss., X., 150; Seventh, X., 156.
State Guards: First, L, 350, 358. Second. L, 358; Third, L, 350; Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, L, 350; Bowen's, L, 358; Price's, L, 352; Rains', L, 350.
Missouri troops, Union:
Artillery: Second, Battery L, II., 330; Bulliss', I., 358.
Artillery. Light: First, Tot ten's Battery, L, 348, 350, 353, 368; Company A, L, 352, 356; Batterv D, IL, 332; Battery L, II., 332, Battery M, II., 341, 344; Second, Battery B, L, 358; Battery E, II. , 352; Battery F, L, 358; Battery H, III., 332.
Caralry: First, L, 352, 354, 356, 358. 300; IL, 344, 352; Second. L, 308; IL, 320, 332, 348; III., 332: Third, L, 350; IL, 320, 330, 332; Fourth, L, 358, 304; brigade, IL, 324, 344; Fifth, L, 358; Sixth, L, 350, 352, 358; Seventh, II. , 320, 344, 350, 352; Eighth, IL, 350- III., 330; Ninth. IL, 320: Tenth, I., 350; IV., 198; Eleventh, L, 368; III., 330; Twelfth, III., 330; Thirteenth, III., 338; Six teenth, II., 350: Berry's, L, 352; Militia, IL, 326; Van Home's, L, 352.
Infantry: First, L, 353, 358, 362; Second, L, 348, 358, 368; IL, 352; Third, L, 340, 348, 358, 307, 308- Fourth, IL, 352; III., 324, 342; Fifth, L, 348; Sixth, L, 358; detachments of, L, 358; IL, 202, 342; Seventh, L, 350; Eighth, L, 352, 350; Ninth, L,
[344]
MISSOURI TROOPS
INDEX
NAVY
Missouri troops — Continued.
368; III., 338; Tenth, II., 348; III., 330, 342; Eleventh, III., 324, 330; Twelfth, I., 358; Thirteenth, I., 352, 356; III., 338; Fourteenth, I., 352; Fifteenth, I., 358; Seven teenth, I., 358, 364; Twenty- first Missouri Volunteers, I., 350; III., 330; Twenty-fourth, I., 358; Twenty-fifth, I., 352; Twenty- seventh, I., 352; Thirty-ninth, III., 332; Forty-third, III., 338 Forty-seventh, III., 332; Fiftieth, III., 332.
Rffierve Corps: First, I., 346; Third, I., 346; Fourth, 1., 346; Fifth, I., 340.
Missouri, C. S. S., VI., 322.
Mitchell, .1. G., X., 233.
Mitchell, .1. K., VI., 89, 175, 192.
Mitchell, O. M.: I., 211; VIII., 277; X., 187, 210.
Mitchell, R. H.. VIII., 102.
Mitchell's Station, Va. (see also Cedar Mountain, Va.), II., 320.
Mizell, R. A., VIII., 14).
Mobile, Ala.: I., 87, 91, 94; II., 313; III., 32, 221, 316; siege of, III., 344; V., 216; VI., 17, 24, 34, 38, 40, 149, 250 254, 258, 316, 322; VII., 174; VIII., 240; cap ture of, IX., 271.
Mo'oilc and Ohio Railroad, II., 146; IV., 198.
Mobile Bay, Ala.: VI., 116, 120, 147, 187,' 193, 243, 249, 291, 314, 322; battle of, IX., 102, 105.
Mobile Register, quoted, IX., 34.
Moccasin Point. Tenn., II., 302.
Morrnsirt, V. S. S., III., 342.
Mohican, U. S. S.: III., 342; VI., 22, 270.
Molena, Nicaragua!! minister, VI., 25.
Moitke, H. K. R., I., 124.
Monndnock, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI., 132, 133, 152.
Monarch, V. S. S.: I., 240, 242, 244, 366; VI., 35, 85, 222.
Monday's Hollow, Mo.: (same as Wet Glaze, Mo.), I., 352.
Monette Ferry, La., II., 352.
Monett's Bluff, La., II., 130.
Monitor, U. S. S.: I., 110, 260, 276, 277. 283, 3*3, 358, 364; VI., 19, 36. 56, 77, 117, 130, 137, 138, 139, 154, 155; turret of, VI., 159; men on the. VI., 161; crew of, VI., 163; officers of, VI., 165, 179, 241, 309, 312, 314, 316.
Monitors (see also Ironclads) : I.; 24; I 'nion, on the James, V., 311 ; VI., 36, 38. 55. 56, 73, 75, 129-179.
Mo-iocacy, Md., III., 326.
Monongahela, Pa., battle of, IX., 228.
Monongahela, U. S. S.: VI., 247, 251, 252, 254.
Monroe, Fortress, Va. (see also Fort ress Monroe, Va.) : I., 51, 2.52, 25.5. 2(10; Capt. Parker quoted re- gurding, VI., 170.
"Monroe Doctrine," V., 154.
Monroe Station, Mo , I., 348.
Mont'iuk, I'. S. S.: I., 24; II., 332; VI., 128, 173, 241, 272, 318; IX. 336.
Montcalm, L. J., I., 12.
Monterey, Cal., battle at, IX., 93.
Montftrey Gap. Pa., II., 340.
Montevallo, Mo., L, 360.
Montgomery, A. B., III., 332.
Montgomery, J. E.: I., 2,38, 242, 244; VI., 83, 220.
Montgomery, Ala.: L, 87; III., 346; IV., 138;V., 158, 166; VI., 74, 258.
Montgomery Hill, Nashville, Tenn., III., 268."
Moiitijomerii, V. S. S., III., 342.
MonticeHo, Ky., II., 336.
MontireUo, U. .S. S.: III., 342; VI., 100, 269, 308, 316.
Monton, A., II., 352; X., 153.
Montpelier, Vt., Vermont Sixth In fantry, departure from, VIII., 65.
Moody,' Y. M., X., 255.
Moon', J. W., VII., 150.
Moon Lake, Miss., VI., 208.
Moonlight, T., X., 207.
Moore, .L. VII., 224.
Moore, J. C'., X., 315.
Moore, J. .L, V., 287.
Moore, P. T., X., 319.
Moore, S. P., VII., 222, 238, 239, 250, 27S, 282, 349, 351.
[2o ED.]
Moore, W., VIII., 263.
Moore's House, Va., I., 269.
Moore's Mills, Mo., L, 368.
Moorefield, West Va.: III., 328; IV., 102, 108.
Morehead, J. W., VI., 233.
Morehead, T. G., II., 61.
Morell.G.W. :!., 257, 342; VIII., 315.
Morfit, Major, VII., 95.
Morgan, A. S. M., IX., 59.
Morgan. C. H.: VII., 20; X., 229.
Morgan, G. W.: I., 366; II., 202, 328; X., 189, 216, 233.
Morgan, J. D.: III., 268; X., 85.
Morgan, J. H.: I., 178, 362, 368; II., 168, 170, 320, 326, 328, 332, 334, 336; raid in Ohio, II., 340; raid in Indiana, II., 340; raid in Kentucky, II., 340, 348; III., 322, 324, 328, 330; IV., 34, 77, 134; his Christmas raid, 1862- 1863, IV., 144-164, 168, 174 seg., 175 seq.; death of, IV., 176, 262; VII., 20, 58, 141, 150, 152; VIII., 18, 145, 248, 275, 290, 302, 362; X., 155, 280.
Morgan, J. T.. IV., 160.
Morgan, M. M., I., 81.
Morgan, R. C., VII., 20.
Morgan, C. S. S., VI., 252, 254,
Morrill, Asst. Eng., C. S. N., VII., 123.
Morris, Mrs. A.: VII., 200; VIII., 289.
Morris, Lieut. C. M., Confederate navy, VI., 294.
Morris, G. I"., VI., 162.
Morris, H. W., VI., 55, 190.
Morris, R. L., X., 2.
Morris, W. H., X., 225.
Morris Island, S. C.: L, 24, 101 seq.; II., 319, 335, 342; HI., 246; V., 12, 110, 118; VI., 107, 126, 238, 274, 318; VII., 163; stockade for Confederate prisoners at, VII., 165, 176; VIII., 66; IX., 51, 333.
Morrison,, I. G., X., 103.
Morrison, T., VIII., 363.
Morrison, W. R., L, 186.
Morristown, Mo., I., 352.
Morristown, Tenn., II., 348; III., 338.
Morrisville, Va., IV., 233.
Morrow, II. A., X., 215.
Morse, S. F. B., L, 38.
Morse, U. S. S., L, 356.
Mortar "Dictator," III., 186 seq.; 17,000 pound sea-coast tvpe, V., 131.
Mortar schooners used by Federals, VI., 190. 195, 197, 200".
Mortars: V., 23; Coehorn, V., 149, 17S; Confederate at Petersburg, V., 182; Federal at Petersburg, V., 182.
Morton,,!. S., III., 261.
Morton, O. P., X., 292.
Morton, St. C., for whom Fort Mor ton was named, III., 206.
Morton, Camp, Ind., IV., 214.
Morton Ford, Va.: II., 350; III., 30; IV., 119; VII., 181.
Morton, Fort, Va. (see Fort Morton, Va.):I., 34; V., 95.
Mosby, C. F., Confederate drum mer boy, VIII., 383.
Mosby, .L S.: II., 330, 348; IV., 27, 32/77, 116, 166; and staff, IV., 166 seq., 168, 169, 171 seq., 176 seq., 178, 180, 219.
Moscow, Ark., II., 352.
"Moscow," horse of P. Kearnv IV., 318.
Moscow Station, Miss., II., 346.
Moses, Lieutenant, VII., 123.
Moxher, C. S. S.: L, 227; VI., 187, 191, 200.
"Mosquito Fleet": Union, I., 245; Confederate, I., 356.
Moss, L., VII., 17.
"Mother Kissed Me In My Dream," IX., 350.
Mott, G.: III., 46, 60; X., 190, 219.
Moulton, Ala., III., 322.
Moultrie, Fort, S. C. (see also Fort Moult rie, S. C.) : L, 24, 99; V., 1 19.
Mound City, 111., L, 185, 216; VI., 213; naval station at, VI., 215, 322; hospital at, VII., 320.
Mount! fit!/, V. S. S.: L, 222, 225. 237, 23S, 362, 366; II., 194, 19(1; VI., 214. 220, 222, 314; VII., 319; IX., 271.
Mount Elba, Ark., II., 350.
Mount Jackson, Va., IV., 249.
Mount McGregor, N. Y., IX., 112,
119; X., 40. Mount Sterling, Ky.: II., 332; III.,
322.
Mount Vernon, Ala., V., 156, 164. Mount Vernon, Ohio, VII., 204. Mount Vernon, Va., IX., 125. Mount Vernon, U. S. S.: VI., 92,
308, 312, 316. Mount Zion, Mo., L, 356. "Mounted Police of the West,
The," I., 209. Mower, J. A.: III., 347; X., 76, 77,
191, 224.
Mudd, S. A., VII., 205. Mukden, Manchuria, I., 136; X., 126. Mulberry Island, Va., V., 306. Muldrau'ghs Hill, Ky., IV., 150. Mulford, J. E.: VIL, 101; Federal
exchange officer, VII., 103, 172. Mullarkey, P., VIII., 362. Mullen, J., X., 35. Mullen, J. D., II., 331. Mulligan, J. A.: III., 332; X., 135. Mumford, W. B., VIL, 110. Mumfordville, Ky. (see also Row-
lett's Station, Ky.) : L, 354; II.,
324; IV., 154. Mumma's House, Antietam, Va.,
II., 65. Munford, T. T., III., 344; IV., 87
seq., 104.
Munn, B.. L, 179. Munson, E. L., VIL, 9, 218, 346,
347.
Munson, ,1. W., IV., 166. Munsons, Va., L, 350; IV., 78. Murfreesboro, Tenn. (see also
Stone's River, Tenn.): L, 132,
368; courthouse at, II., 161, 162.
166 seq., 169; repairing track at.
II., 175, 178, 272, 328; III., 340:
IV., 34; C'onfcderate army at,
IV., 144, 153, 156; V., 46, 206,
254; VIII., 103; losses at, X., 142, Murray, A., VI., 310. Murray, J. A., VIII., 861. Murray, R., VIL, 224. Muse, E. H., VIIL, 113. Music (see also Bands, Drummer
Boys, Buglers) as a pastime,
VIIL, 117. "Music in Camp," J. R. Thompson,
EC.. 26, 190, 197. Musicians serenading a colonel,
VIIL, 239. Muskets; bayonets of: V., 125; store
of, V., 126; smooth bore, V., 168. Mussel Shoals, Tenn., VI., 233. Mussey, R. D , IV., 163. 'My Father, How Long?" IX., 352. "My Maryland," J. R. Randall,
IX., 19,20, 158, 161. "My Old Kentucky Home, Good
Night," IX., 346.' Myer, A. J., VIIL, 308, 312, 339,
340, 352.
Myers, Major, VIL, 90. Myrick, H., L, 18. Myrtle Street Prison, St. Louis,
Mo., VIL, 44, 46.
N
Nagle, J., X., 293.
Naglee, H. M.: L, 286, 290, 293, 293, 364.
Nahant, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI., 128, 171, 173, 274.
Names (local) of military organi zations, VIIL, 82, 97, 111, 140.
Nanna Hubba Bluff, Ala., VI., 260.
Xansemonil, V. S. S., III., 342.
Nantucket, U. S. S.: II., 332; VI., 128.
Napier, "Tom," II., 162.
Napoleon L, IX., 87.
Napoleons (12 pounder guns), V., 14, 50.
\nrrngnnselt, V. S. S., VI., 48.
Nashville, Tenn.: L, 134, 182, 190,
192, 196, 211, 212, 358; bridge, L, 368; wharf at, II., 162; supply steamers at, II., 163, 168, 172, 326; III., 12, 19,216,218,238,249; the end of the war in Tennessee, III., 249; bridge at, III., 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258; capi- tol at, III., 259, 261; view of. III., 261; fortifications around, constructed by Union engineers, III., 261: plan of battle used as model in European military schools. III., 264, 267, 269, 340,
346; IV., 147, 155, 161, 241, 256, 328; V., 50; Brennon's foundry at, V., 65, 164, 251, 302; VIL, 145, 161; provost-marshal at, VIL, 193; officers' hospital at, VIL, 233; Presbyterian church used as hospital at, VIL, 273; VIIL, 207, 210, 252; army re pair shop at, VIIL, 40; guarding supplies at, VIIL, 21: United States "Franklin Shops," at, VIIL, 41; campaign, VIIL, 340; IX., 64; cemetery at, IX., 281.
Xaxhrille, C. S. S., VI., 272, 310, 312, 318.
Nashville and Chattanooga Rail road: II., 168, 273, 274; IV., 254; blockhouse in, IV., 149; V., 295.
Nassau, Bermuda, VI., 15.
Nast, Thomas, a cartoon by, VIIL , 2.
Natchez, Miss.: courthouse at, I., 93, 231; surrender of, L, 231; VI., 149, 204, 314.
Natchitoches, La., VI., 227.
National Cemeteries: Gettysburg, Pa., II., 259; IX., 281; Alex andria, Va., IX., 281; Charles ton, S. C., IX., 281; City Point, Va., IX., 281; Military Cemetery, IX., 281 : Soldiers' Home, Wash ington, D. C., IX., 281.
National Encampment, G. A. R., the first encampment held at In dianapolis, Ind., Nov. 20, 1866, X., 294.
National Intelligencer, Washington, ^ D. C., quoted from, VIL, 52.
National Red Cross: organization by Clara Barton, VIL, 339.
National Tribune, Washington, D. C., L, 19.
National Unity: Prof. Albert Bush- nell Hart, quoted on, IX., 219.
Nationality of recruits in regiments, VIIL, 80. Naugatuck, U. S. S., L, 364.
Naval Academy, U. S., Class of '66, VI., 65, 67.
Navy, Confederate States: L, 85; importance of cotton to, VL, 28; paucity of navy yards, VL, 71; achievements of, VL, 72; problem confronting, VL, 74; increase of the service in, VI. , 78; officers from Federal service, VL, 78; activity of, VL, 80; vessels in, at close of 1861, VL, 82; efforts to build vessels abroad by, VL, 86; bureaus of, VL, 88; recruiting of, VL, 88; pay of officers in, VL, 90; establishes naval school, VL, 90; blockade runners, VL, 124; design of first ironclad, VL, 153; command of cruisers, VL, 290 seq.; efforts to secure vessels abroad, VL, 290,291,292,294,296.
Navy, United States: I., 85; vessels, type of, in war of 1812, VL, 4; war drill in, VL, 13; importance of, VI. , 18; men of the old, VL, 19; joint expeditions of, with army, VL, 23; problem confront ing, in 1861, VL, 27; officers con gratulating Grant at Vicksburg, VL, 37; increase during Civil War, VL, 38, 50; notable battles of, VI., 38; quality of volunteer cfficers of, VL, 38, 60, C3, 257; men of the old, VL, 42, 43; veteran vessels of, VL, 44, 45; importance of merchant marine to, VI. , 46; available strength of, in 1861, VL, 48; sailing vessels of, VI. , 49; resignation of officers of, before hostilities, VL, '0, 78; offi cers recruited from Annapolis, Md., VL, 50, 67; steam frigates (t, VI. , 51; bureaus of Navy De partment, VI., 52; work required of, in 1861, VL, 53; increase of fighting force by, VI. , 54; steam sloop of war, type of, VL, 55; number of vessels built for, dur ing Civil War, VL, 60; purchased vessels added to, in 1861-2; VL, (il ; personnel, quality of, VL, (il ; increase of number of artisans in, by 1862, VL, 62, 117; pay of officers and men in, VL, 64, 66; cost of, during Civil War, VL, 64; traditions in, VL, 65, 280; first employs "contrabands," VL, 70; promotion among officers
[ 343 ]
NAVY
Navy, t'nited States — Continued. after ihe war. VI., 70; principal navy yards during war, VI., 70, 72; first work on the Potomac, VI* 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99; replaces buoys and lights, VI., 95; first expedition of, in Civil War, VI., 100; joint expeditions of, with army, VI., 100; increase of, by December, 1801, VI., 116; princi pal guns during war, VI., 117; number of officers of, at close of war, VI., US; in Eastern waters, VI., 126, 127; the most famous naval action of the Civil War, VI., 1.54 seq.; on inland waters, VI., 212 seq.; establishment of navy yards on Mississippi River, VI., 213; joint expedition of, with army, VI., 214, 236-256; in final operations, VI., 257, 258-260; vessels purchased by, in 1861, VI., 262; achieves first victory in war, VI., 268, 269; nondescript commands in, VI., 269,270-276; high pay in, VI., 278; number of "landsmen" in, VI., 280; petty officers of, VI., 282; surgeons, VII., 317 seq.; the South's con queror, VIII., 134.
Navy: Russian, aids United States in Civil War, VI., 27; efficiency of, VI., 29.
Nebraska troops:
Infantry: First, I., 356.
Neely, Mosby Ranger, VI., 166.
Neerwinden, Belgium, battle of, II., 272.
Neff, G. W., VII., 47.
Negley, J. S.: II., 174; staff of, II., 2771
"Negro Battle Hymn," IX., 352.
"Negro" Spirituals, IX., 352.
Negro troops: in the armies of the North and South, employment of, II., 155; used to guard Con federate prisoners, VII., 63; in Union Army, decrees of North and South "in regard to, VII., 110, 117; a voluminous cor respondence between a North ern and a Southern lawyer (both army officers) in regard to, VII., 116," 117, 118, 174; attitude of Confederate Government to ward, VII., 174; in Union Army, VII., 191.
Negroes: problem of the, II., 30, 31; flocking of, toward the Union army on its march to the sea, III.,' 223; labor on Confederate earthworks, V., 264; refugees at Richmond, Va., V., 319; enlist ment of. VII., 145.
"Nellie Gray," horse of Fitzhugh Lee, IV., 318.
Nelson, W.: I., 204, 205 seq., 207, 208, 360; X., 207.
Nelson, C. S. S.. IV., 264.
Nelson Church Hospital, York- town, Va., VII., 259.
Nelson Farm, Va., I., 336, 366.
.\emeha, U. S. S., IX., 169.
Neosho, Mo., I., 362.
Neoxho, U. S. S., VI., 147, 228.
Neptune. C. S. S.: II., 330; VI., 310.
Nereus, V. S. S., III., 342.
Neuse River, N. C., VI., 320.
Neutrality laws: proclaimed by foreign powers, VI., 292; broken by Com. Collins, VI., 293, 294; observed by Capt. Winslow, VI., 305. ^N'evius, H. M., X., 296.
New Berne, N. C.: I., 358; II., 348; Vermont Ninth Infantry hospital at, VII., 231; hospital' at, VII., 333; federal barracks. IX., 55, 69; fortifications near, IX., 71.
New Bridge, Va.: I., 281, 285, 364; V., 320.
New Creek, W. Va.: IV., 108; raid at, a Confederate success, IV., 110, 112.
New England: number of troops furnished by, VIII., 58; troops attacked in Maryland, VIII., 74.
New England Society of New York, IX., 31, 32, 304.
"New England Tribute to Tx>e," Charles F. Adams, IX., 122.
New Farmington, Tenn., II., 314.
New Hallowed hospital at Alex andria, Va., VII., 235.
[2D ED.]
INDEX
New Hampshire troops:
Infantry: Second, I., 348; Third, I., 366; II., 326; company F II., 329; V., 117; IX., 353; Fourth, II., 326; Fifth, I., 279; VIII., 102; losses, X., 152; Sixth, I., 362; Seventh, II., 350; Tenth, II., 327.
New Hampshire: population of, m 1860, VIII., 58; number of troops furnished by, VIII., 59; number of troops lost, VIII., 59; enlistment, VIII., 102.
New Haven, Conn., VIII., 62.
New Hope, Va., II., 346.
New Hope Church, Ga.: "Hell Hole," HI., 62, 68, 113, 116; V., 201, 208.
New Ironsides, U. S. S.: II., 332; III., 340; V., 267; VI., 128, 137, 138, 139, 274, 320.
New Jersey: contribution to the Civil War forces, VIII., 85.
New Jersey troops:
Cavalry: First, I., 366; IV., 57, 226, 228.
Infantry: First, II., 322, 336; Second, II., 322; HI., 324, 342; Third, II., 322; Fourth, II., 322; on the Potomac, VIII., 85; officers of, VIII., 85; Fifth, II., 344; Sixth, II.. 344; Seventh, II., 344; Eighth, II., 344; Ninth, I., 356, 358; Fifteenth, losses, X., 154; Twenty-third, X., 138; Twenty- sixth, II., 336.
New Kent, Va., IV., 85.
New Kent Court House, Va. : St. Peter's church, near, I., 297.
New Lisbon, Ohio: II., 340; IV., 175.
New London, U. S. S., VI., 312.
New Madrid, Mo.: I., 215, 216, 217, 220, 236, 358; II., 14; VI., 312.
New Market, Md., IV., 154.
New Market, Va.: HI., 25, 140, 158, 320, 326; VII., 147.
New Market Road, Va.: I., 366; IV., 242.
New Mexico troops:
Cavalry: First, I., 358. Infantry: First, I., 358; Second, I., 358; Fifth, I., 358.
New Orleans, La., I., 215, 219, 226 seq., 229, 230, 231, 234, 249, 250, 362; II., 135, 136, 188 seq., 198, 331; III., 319; V., 166; VI., 17, 24, 34, 40, 85, 120, 184, 186, 190, 196, 201, 204, 222, 258, 308, 314, 322; Union prisoners at, VII., 49, 110, 240; batteries from, VIII., 150; St. Charles Hotel at, VIII., 211, 248, 288; New Orleans Delta quoted, IX., 19; capture of, IX., 105; Delta quoted, regarding the origin of "My Maryland," IX., 158.
"New Orleans Perote Guards." of New Orleans, La., V., 165.
New Orleans Picayune, IX., 344.
"New Orleans Washington Artil lery" of New Orleans, La., I., 95, 199; II., 165; V., 58, 63; VIII., 119, 125, 127, 150.
"New South," oration by H. W. Grady, DC., 31, 304.
New York, N. Y.: I., 88; draft riots in, IV., 218; VI., 56, 312; sani tary fair at, VII., 329; Women's Central Relief Association, VII., 334; newspapers, VIII., 33; uni form of troops, VIII., 78, 288; Confederate agents attempt burning of, VIII., 302; mass meeting, X., 14; recruiting station in, X., 15; Broadway in 1861, the Astor House, X., 15; defenses of, X., 56.
New York troops:
Artillery, Heavy: Second, at Belle Plain, \"a., V., 53; at Fort C. F. Smith, V., 107, 125; Fourth, V., 97; Fifth, V., 26 sen., 28 *rq.; Eighth, X., 154; Thir teenth, HI., 95; Fourteenth, VIII., 331.
A rtillery. Lif/ht: First , Company B, guns of Pettit's battery, I., 280; officers of, I., 295; 20 pound Par- rott guns of, I., 295; II., 265; V., 29, 31, 49; Third, I., 360; II., 348; Battery F, III., 340; after at tempt on Fort Sumter, V., 151; Sixth, II., 332, 336; Ninth, I., 352; Thirteenth at Petersburg, Va., VIII., 243; at City Point,
Va., VIII., 243; Seventeenth, V., 45, 83.
Engineers: First, I., 366; II., 326; Fifteenth, V., 213, 233; Fiftieth, V., 213, 220, 247; VII., 265; VIII., 101: church built by, at Petersburg, Va., VIII., 257
Cavalry: First, I., 354; II., 336; III., 328; Dragoons, IV., 244; Second, II., Ill, 336, 352; changed to New York Seventh, IV., 15, 285; VIII., 193, 196; Third, I., 366; II., 322; III., 318; Fourth, II., 332; Fifth, I., 364; II., 334; IV., 232; Sixth, II., 334, 336; IV., 118; Seventh, IV., 14, 15. Eighth, II., 324, 336; IV., 84, 118; Ninth, II., 336; IV., 118; Tenth, II., 336; IV., 21, 26, 57; Eleventh, II., 344, Twelfth, II., 348: Thirteenth, IV., 27, 31 seq., 61 sfq., 173 seq., 181, 218, 219; Fourteenth, II., 350; Sixteenth, detachment, of Company L, cap tures J. W. Booth, VII., 205; Eighteenth, II., 352; Twentieth, II., 348.
Infantry: First, I., 348; Sec ond/I., 348; VII., 169; Third, I., 348; VII., 103; VIII., 229; Fourth, VII., 169; at battle of Bull Run, VIII., 85; Fifth, Dur- yee's Zouaves, I., 51, 348; IV., 104; Sixth, I., 352; Company G, I., 354; Company I, I., 354; Seventh, L, 348, 358; reaches Annapolis Junction, VIII., 67; mustered out, VIII., 67; march ing down Broadway, VIII., 67; after reaching Washington, D. C., VIII., 67; first New York militia to reach Washington, D. C., VIII., 67, 72, 74; repairing the railways, VIII., 74; invades Vir ginia, VIII., 76; crossed the Potomac, VIII., 70, 82; IX., 159; Eighth, I., 348, 366; V., 4, 293; waiting orders from Washington, VIII., 72, 78, 87; at Arlington Heights, Va., VIII., 87, 91, 93, 95; drummer boys of, VIII., 179; officers of, VIII., 181; Ninth, Company I, I., 348, 350, 356, 362; VI., 310; VIII., 229; X., 124; Tenth, II., 342; VII., 169; Eleventh, I., 346, 348, 358; Twelfth, I., 44, 348, 364; II., 324; at Camp Anderson, VIII., 89; Thirteenth, I., 348, 364; Fourteenth, L, 348, 364; VIII., 72, 78; Fifteenth, II., 336; Sixteenth, I., 348, 362; II., 330; Seventeenth, I., 364; VIII., 99; at Miners' Hill, Washington, D. C., VIII., 99; a dress parade, VIII., 99; IX., 157; Eighteenth, I., 348; Nineteenth, I., 350; Twentieth, I., 350; Twenty- second, marching, VIII., 203; IX., 345; Twenty-fifth, I., 364; Twenty-sixth, I., 168; Twenty- seventh, I., 348, 362; Twenty- eighth, I., 350; II., 25; Twenty- ninth, I., 348; Thirty-first, L, 348, 362; Thirty-second, I., 348, 362; Thirty-third, I., 364; Thirty- fourth, L, 296; Thirty-fifth, L, 348, II., 61; Thirty-seventh, L, 354; IX., 59; Thirty-eighth, L, 348; VIII., 82, 97; Thirty-ninth, I., 348, 366; II., 324; Fortieth, L, 352; II., 346: VIII., 104: Forty- first, I., 360; Company C, II., 49; Forty-fourth, I., 364; II., 253, 255; VIII., 82, 258; losses of, VIII., 259; IX., 147; Forty-fifth, L, 354, 366; Forty-sixth, I., 360, 366; Forty-seventh, I., 36(1; II., 350; Forty-eighth, I., 360; II., 326, 350; Forty-ninth, I., 364; Fiftieth, II., 336; Fifty-first, I., 356, 358; Fifty-third,' I., 356; Fifty-fourth. I., 366; Fifty-fifth, officers of, I., 69; officers of, VIII., 97; royally welcomed in Washington, D. C., VIII., 97; Fifty-sixth, I., 290; III., 340; Fifty-seventh, ambulance corps of, VII., 298, 299; Fifty-eighth, L, 366; Sixtieth, VII., 181; Sixty- first, II., 69; III., 201; VIII., 194, 196; Sixty-third, II., 93; Sixty- fourth, I., 279; Sixty-seventh, VIII., S2; Sixty-eighth,' VIII., 87; Sixty-ninth, I., 348; II., 93; "the
NEWSPAPER
fighting Sixty-ninth," VII., 25, 27; organizing, VIII., 72; at mass, VIII., 257; losses, X., 154; Seventy-first, I., 44, 348; offi cers of, VIII., 69; mustered out, VIII., 69; organization of, as ' 'Second Excelsior," VIII., 69; at Camp Douglas, VIII., 69; losses during the war, VIII., 69; to the front, VIII., 72; formerly the ' 'American Guard." VIII., 72, 78; uniforms of, VIII., 78; Seventy- second, surgeon of, VII., 265; Seventy-fourth, IX., 78; Seventy- fifth, II., 330; Seventy-seventh, I., 364; Seventy-ninth, I., 348, 350, 366; "Highlanders," II., 73; VII., 4, 27; VIII., 72; organizing, VIII., 72; Eightieth, VIII., 265; Eighty-second, I., 296; Eighty- fifth, "II., 352; Eighty-sixth, II., 336; IX., 350; Eighty-eighth, II., 93; Eighty-ninth, L, 350, 362: Ninety-third, I., 50; just before Antietam, Md., L, 61; III., 71; officers' out-door mess, VIII., 201; X., 124; Ninety-ninth, II., 348; One Hundredth," I., 290; One Hundred and First, losses, X., 152; One Hundred and Second, VII., 181, 263, 289; One Hundred and Sixth, II., 336: One Hundred and Ninth, VII., 65; One Hun dred and Eleventh, II., 324; X., 124; One Hundred and Four teenth, II., 336; III., 154; One Hundred and Fifteenth, II., 324, 350; One Hundred and Twenti eth, VIII., 264; One Hundred and Twenty-first, II., 346; X., 128; losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, II., 336; One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, II., 324; One Hundred and Twenty- sixth, II., 324; losses, X., 124, 154; One Hundred and Twenty- seventh, III., 340; One Hundred and Thirty-second, II., 348; One Hundred and Thirty-seventh, VII., 181; One Hundred and Fortieth, II., 253; One Hundred and Forty-first, IX., 195; One Hundred and Forty-fourth, III., 340; One Hundred and Forty- sixth, VIII., 99; IX., 157; One Hundred and Fifty-first, II., 344; One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, III., 340; losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Fifty-seventh, III., 340; One Hundred and Sixtieth, II., 332; One Hundred and Sixty- fourth, at guard mount, VIII., 183; band of, VIII., 233; One Hundred and Seventieth, IX., 153; X., 288; One Hundred and Seventy-sixth, I., 60; II., 336. Zouaves: New York Fire De partment presents photographer Brady with a sword, I., 31; VIII., 80; IX., 346; Eleventh, as prisoners in Castle Pinckney, S. C., L, 165; VII., 27.
NewYork, U S. S. : VI., 54 ; VII., 107.
Neiv York Day Book, method of securing war news, VIII., 288.
New York Express, method of se curing war news, VIII., 288.
New York Herald: wagon of, in front of Gen'l John Pope's headquar ters, II., 14; headquarters of, VIII., 28, 29; headquarters in the field, VIII., 293; IX., 31; quoted, IX., 68.
New York News: method of securing war news, VIII., 288.
New York Peace Society, I., 18.
New York Sun, quoted, IX., 159.
New York Tribune: editorial on secession, VIII. , 06; IX., 270, 297.
Newark Advertiser, Newark, N. J., IX., 37.
Newcomer Mill, Md., IV., 231.
Newell, Mosby Ranger, IV., 166.
Newman, J., VII., 351.
Newport, R. L: I., 88; VI., 67; Rhode Island recruited, VIII., 60.
Newport Barracks, N. C.: II., 348; IX., 157.
Newport News, Va.: I., 348; VI., 156, 314.
Newsom, Mrs. E., VII., 296.
Newspaper correspondents: VIII., 29; General Sherman's criticism of, VIII., 29; reveal army move ments, VIII., 285.
[344]
NEWSPAPERS
INDEX
OUDENARDE
Newspapers: tho activities of, VIII., 22; at headquarters in the army of Potomac, VIII., 33; accounts of government seizures, VIII., 00; censorship of, VIII., 270; North ern, give information to the Con federates, VIII., '485, 288, 292; field headquarters of the New York Henld, VIII., 293.
Newton, J.: II., 127; III., 120, 125; V., 1C; X., 85, 179, 188.
Newtonia, Mo.: II., 324; III., 338.
Newtown, Va., I., 304; III., 338.
Niagara, U. S. S.: V., 57; VI., 48, 50, lid, 122, 295, 298; VIII., 157.
Niagara Falls, N. Y., VIII., 282.
Nichols, K. T., VI., 190, 201.
Nichols, F. T., X., 111.
Nichols, ,1. It., VIII., 363.
Nichols, W. A., X., 303.
Nichols, telegraph operator, VIII., 350.
Nicholson, J. N., I., 14.
Nicholson, S., VI., 121.
Nickerson, F., X., 211.
Niahtinaalt, C. S. S., VI., 49.
Nine Mile Road, Va., I., 288.
Nolensvilie, Tenn., IV., 147.
Nolin, Ky., IV., 148.
Non-combatants: their services, VIII., 42
Norfolk, Va.: I., 142, 362, 364; navy yard at, V., 159, 177, 258, 300, 308; VI., 26. 30; Gosport navy yard, VI., 54, 308; navy vard at, ruins of, VI., 73; ruins of 'machine shop at, VI., 75, 82, 98, 102, 118; vessels built at, VI., 136, 155, 158, 182; IX., 105.
Norris, J. B., VIIL, 363.
Norris, W., VIIL, 340.
North America, U. S. S., VI., 322.
Nurtli American Rei'iew, IX., 23.
North Anna, Va.: Chesterfield Bridge at, III., 71, 74, 77, 78. 79, 82; Hancock's corps crosses bridge ut, III., 83; V., 21; VIIL, 250.
North Anna River, Va.: I., 43, 135; III., 322; ruins of bridge, IV., 125; V., 220, 221, 233, 235, 260; VII., 41; VIIL, 198; soldiers bathing in, VIIL, 209.
North Atlantic Squadron, U. S Navy, III., 340; VI., 195.
North Carolina: secedes, I., 346; Stringham's fleet in the waters of, IV., 104; enlistment on both sides in, VIIL, 103; the Depart ment of, under General Burnside, IX., 09.
North Carolina troops, Confederate: Artillery: Brem's, I., 356; Latham's, I., 356; Whitehurst's, I., 356.
Infantry: First, I., 348; VIIL, 103; Second, I., 356; X., 150; losses at Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158; Third, losses at Gettysburg, Pa., X., 158; Fourth, losses at Seven Pines, Va., X., 158; Fifth, I., 272, 348, 350; II., 67; Sixth, I., 350; Seventh, I., 356, 358; losses at Seven Days, Va., X., 158; Eighth, I., 350; Eleventh, I., 348, 350; Seventeenth, I., 356; Eighteenth, IX., 89; losses at Seven Days, Va., X., 158; Nineteenth, I., 356; Twentieth, X., 156; Twenty- sixth, I., 356, 358; II., 350; losses at Gettysburg, Pa.. X., 158; Twenty-seventh, I., 356; II., 59; losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Twenty-eighth, I., 350; Thirty- first, L, 356; Thirty-third, I., 356, 358; losses at Chancellorsville, Va., X., 158; Thirty-fifth, L, 356, 358; Thirty-sixth, VI., 246; Thirty-seventh, I., 356; Forty- sixth," L, 356; Forty-eighth, X., 156; Fifty-seventh, X., 156; Fifty-ninth, L, 356; Sixty-sev enth, VII., 249.
North Carolina troops, Union:
Infantry: First, II., 322; col ored, II., 350; Second, II., 348. North Carolina, U. S. S., VI., 163. Northern Virginia, Army of (see also Army of Northern Virginia), L, 34, 82, 96. 284 seq., 298, 312. Northrop, L. B., VII., 178. Norton, C. B., L, 29. Nugent, 11., X., 225. Nurses of the United States Sani tary Commission, VII., 329.
l&> ED.]
Ny River, Va., V., 260. Nyack, U. S. S., III., 342.
o
"O Wrap the Flag Around Me, Boys," R. S. Taylor, IX., 350.
O. A. K. the Corps de Belgique, VII., 204.
"O. AV'C. S. S., VI., 123.
Oak Grove, Va. (see also Second Battle of Fair Oaks, Va.) : L, 320, 366.
Oak Hill, Mo. (see also Springfield, Mo., and Wilson's Creek, Mo.), L, 350.
O'Beirne, J. R.,X., 225.
O'Brien, R., telegraph operator, VIIL, 363, 366.
"O Captain, My Captain," Walt Whitman, IX.,' 26, 254.
Oecoquan River, Va., L, 354.
"Ocean liner transport," VIIL, 45.
Ocean Pond, Fla., VIIL, 103.
Ocmulgee, U. S. S., VI., 316.
O'Connor, J., IX., 74.
O'Connor House, Charleston, S. C., VII., 161, 163.
Ocracokc Inlet. N. C., VI., 104.
Octorora, U. S. S., VI., 247.
"Ode," recited at the Harvard Commemoration, J. R. Lowell, IX., 256, 261,263, 266.
"Ode for Decoration Day," II . Peterson, IX., 282.
"Ode at Magnolia Cemetery," H. Timrod, IX., 274,277.
Officers Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., VII., 233.
Official secrets as revealed by photographs, III., 145.
Ogeechee River, Ga.: III., 234; VI., 121, 318.
Oglesby, R. J., II., 324; X., 201.
Oglethorpe, J. E., II., 347.
Oglcthorpe University, Ga., IX., 25.
Ohio: Department of, II., 296; troops of, on battlefield at Corinth, Miss., II., 153; Mor gan's raid in, VIIL, 18; excess quota asked for, VIIL, 74; re sponse to first call by, VlIL, 74; troops furnished by, VIIL, 249.
Ohio troops:
Artillery: First, L, 360, 366; Second, L, 358; Seventh, III., 318; Eleventh, V., 47; Eigh teenth, II., 330; Twenty-first, II., 348; Twenty-second, IL. 348. Artillery, Lit/fit: First, at Chat tanooga, Tenn., VIIL, 249.
Camlry: First, L, 358, .360; III., 322; Second, IL, 336; Third, IL, 326, 332, 344; III., 322; Fourth, L, 358; IL, 326, 330, 332, 344, 348; III., 322; IV., 100; Fifth, IL, 328; Sixth, IL, 336; III., 340; IV., 57, 88; Seventh, IL, 328, 332, 336, 346; Eighth, III., 338, 342; Thirty-fourth, IL, 342; III., 342.
Infantry: First, L, 348; VIIL, 194; Second, L, 348, 354; Third, L, 348, 352; IL, 334; Fourth, L, 352, 354, 356, 364; Fifth, I., 356, 360, 366; IL, 328; Sixth, L, 352; IL, 332; VII., 169; VIIL, 82; Seventh, L, 356, 360, 366; II., 328; Eighth, L, 352, 354, 356, 360, 364; III., 328; Ninth, L, 350, 356; III., 326; VIIL, 196; Tenth, L, 350; Eleventh, IL, 322; Twelfth, I., 350; IL, 322; III., 320, 332; Thirteenth, L, 350; Fourteenth, I., 348; Six teenth, L, 348; Eighteenth, IL, 322; Nineteenth, L, 348; Twenti eth, IL, 322; Twenty-third, Company C, I., 362; III., 320; Twenty-fourth, L, 352; Twenty- fifth, L, 352, 354, 362, 366; IIL, 340; Twenty-sixth, IIL, 165; Twenty-seventh, I., 358; IL, 328; Twenty-eighth, L, 350; IL, 346; Twenty-ninth, L, 360, 366; Thirty-first, I., 368; Thirty- second, L, 352, 354, 362, 366; IL, 324; Thirty-third, L, 354; Thirty-fourth, L, 352; IL, 322; IIL, 320; Thirty-sixth, L, 364; IIL, 320; Thirty-seventh, IL, 322; Thirty-ninth, L, 358; IL, 328; Fortieth, L, 358; IL, 332; Forty-second, L, 358, 363;
Forty-third, L, 358; Forty-fourth, L, 364; mounted infantry, IL, 332; Forty-fifth, mounted in fantry, IL, 332, 336, 344; Forty-seventh, L, 350; Forty- ninth, losses, X., 154; Fifty-first, IL, 326; Fifty-second, VIIL, 196; Fifty-fifth, L, 366; Fifty-sixth, IIL, 318; Fifty-eighth, L, 356; VI., 316; Sixtieth, I., 366; IL, 324; Sixty-second, L, 360; Sixty- third, L, 358; IL, 328; Sixty- sixth, L, 366; IL, 328; Sixty- seventh, I., 360; Sixty-ninth, IL, 326; Seventy-first, II., 322; Seventy-second, IIL, 270, 324; Seventy-third, I., 360; Seventy-fifth, mounted infan try, L, 302, 366; IIL, 328; Seventy-sixth, L, 356; VI., 316; Seventy-seventh, II., 352; Seventy-eighth, IL, 322; Eighty- first, IL, 153; Eighty-second, L, 362, 366; Eighty-seventh, IL, 324; Ninety-fifth, IL, 322; IIL, 270, 324; "One Hundred and Second, III., 332, 338; One Hun dred and Fifth, IL, 332; One Hun dred and Sixth, IL, 326; One Hun dred and Eighth. IL, 326; One Hundred and Tenth. IL, 336; One Hundred and Eleventh, IL, 346; One Hundred and Sixteenth, II. , 336; One Hundred and Twenty- second, II., 336; One Hundred and Twenty-third, IL, 336; One Hun dred and Twenty-fourth, IL, 330; One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, IIL, 102, 117, 265; One Hundred and Twenty-sixth, IL, 336; One Hundred and Forty-fourth, IIL, 328; One Hundred and Forty- ninth, IIL, 328; One Hundred and Sixty-eighth, IIL, 324; One Hundred and Seventy-first, IIL, 324. Ohio River, supplies en route on,
VIIL, 34, 206. Okolona, Ark., IL, 352. Okolona, Miss.: II., 341, 350; IV.,
132.
Oladowski, H., V., 170. O'Laughlin, M., VII., 205.
Old Armory of the Seventh Regi ment, at Third Avenue, N. Y., crowds at, VIIL, 67.
"Old Capitol Prison," Washington, D. C.: VII., 31, 38, 40, 54 seq., 67, 200; VIIL, 24, 282, 289.
Old Church, Va.: IIL, 322; IV., 85.
Old Church Hotel, Cold Harbor, Va., IV., 245, 246.
Old Cold Harbor, Va., IV., 245.
"Old Folks at Home," S. C. Foster,
IX., 346.
"Old Ironsides," O. W. Hohr.es, IX., 33.
Old Point Comfort, Va., I., 260.
Old River Lake, or Lake Chieot, Ark., IIL, 322.
"Old Sorrel," horse of T. J. Jack son, IV., 293, 306.
Old Town Creek, Miss., IIL, 307.
Olds, E. B., VII., 200.
O'Leary, C., quoted, VII., 308.
Olin, Judge, IX., 265, 266.
Oliver, J. M., X., 215.
Olmstead, C. H., heavy artillery commanded by, L, 360.
Olmstead, G., I., 179.
Olmsted, F. L., VII., 330.
Olmstee, Fla.: IL, 350; VIIL, 103.
Olncy, H. B., VIIL, 167.
Olusiie, C. S. S., VI., 298.
"On a Great Warrior," H. Abbey, IX., 108.
"On the Life Mask of Abraham Lincoln," R. W. Gilder, IX., 250, seq.
"On to Richmond," IX., 133.
' 'On to the Defense of Washing ton," V., 92.
"On to Washington," V., 92.
"One Country," F. L. Stanton, IX., 332.
"One I Left There," IX., 349.
O'Neal, E. A., X., 113.
"Oneida Company," cavalry, IV., 195.
Oneida, U. S. S., I., 250; VI., 190, 198, 254.
Onondaaa, U. S. S.: VI., 131, 132, 13.3, 175, 261, 265; VII., 111.
Oostenaula River, Ga., IIL, 112.
Opdycke, E.: IIL, 262; X., 125, 235.
Opequon, Va.: III., 159; IV., 250;
Sixth Vermont at, VIIL, 65. Opequon Creek, Va., IV., 244, 263. Orange and Alexandria Railroad, Manassas Station, Va.: L, 161 seq.; IL, 38 seq., 39, 41, 104; IV., 90, 91; destruction of, at Bristol Station, Va., IV., 99; IV., 184, 209; V., 32-34 seq.; machine shops and yards of, V., 91: defense of the, V., 227, 271, 275; a bridge on line of, V., 279; debris from Jack son's raid, V., 283; guarding of, at Union Mills, Va., V., 283; VIIL, 51, 204. Orange Court House, Va.: III., 30;
IV., 104; V., 260.
Orange Plank Road, Wilderness, Va.: IIL, 40, 41; view taken 1864, VIIL, 177, 178.
Orations, IX., 112, 122, 290, 304. Orchard Knob, Tenn.: IL, 300, 302,
318, 340. Orchards, The, Va. (see also Oak
Grove, Va.), I., 366. Ord, E. O. C.: II., 160, 324, 327; IIL, 208, 294, 321; V., 208; with family, X., 193, 232. Order of American Knights, VII.,
204.
Ordinance of secession adopted by South Carolina, L, 346; V., 256. Ordnance, Confederate: V., 156; supplies at beginning of war, V., 156 seq. ; sources of supply, V., 158; manufacture of, V., 162; transportation of, V., 164; small arms, 1861, V., 165; improve ment in, V., 168; personnel of, V., 170; equipment captured by Con federates, VIIL, 128, 148; naval. Dahlgren gun, perfecting of, VI., 23; capture of, by Confederates, VI., 26, 57, 73; manufacture of, at the North, VI., 60; vessels carry fewer guns, VI., 63; pro cured by Confederacy abroad, VI., 80; Parrott rifle (200 pounder), VI., 103, 259; used on land, VI., 235, 237, 258, 265; on light -draft gunboats, VI., 263; Parrott rifle (100 pounder), VI., 275.
Ordnance, United States: material of, V., 22 seq.; stores, V., 120; distribution of, V., 120; supplies, V., 128; purchased abroad, V., 128; efforts of States to increase, V., 128; diversity of, V., 135; Washington Arsenal, Washing ton, D. C., Wiard Gun batteries at, V., 135; expenditures for, V., 140; outpost, V., 143; at Broadway Landing, V., 143; efficiency of officers, V., 144; ex penditures, V., 146; at close of war, V., 148; activities after close of war, V., 154 seq. Ordway, A., X., 213. Ordway-Rand, collectors of photo graphs, I., 52. "O'Reilly, Miles," pen name of
C. G. Halpine, IX., 176. Oreto, C. S. S., afterwards the
Florida, VI., 291, 292. Organization and personnel of the Medical Department of the Con federacy, VII., 349 seq., Appen dix D. Organizations of the Veterans, X.,
287 seq. "Orleans Battery," New York
Seventeenth Artillery, V., 45. Orleans Cadets, Company A, of
Louisiana, L, 91c O'Rorke, P. H.: IL, 253, 254; VIIL,
196. Osaoe, U. S. S.: II., 352; VI., 147,
276, 322.
Osborn, F. S., V., 117. Osceola, U. S. S., IIL, 342. Osgood, K. P., IX., 236, 239. Oxliaba (Russian frigate),VL, 27, 29. Ossabaw Sound, Ga.: VI., 241, 320;
IX., 169.
Ossipee, U. S. S., VI., 247, 252, 254. Osterhaus, P. J.: IL, 318, 334; X.,
191, 220, 222. Otis, F. N., VII., 224. Otis, H. G., X., 21, 24. Otseao, U. S. S., VI., 276, 322. Ottawa, U. S. S.: IL, 330; VI., 312. Otter Creek near Liberty, Va., III.,
324. Oudenarde, losses at, X., 140.
[345]
01 LD
Ould. H.: VII., II: Confederate agent for exchange of prisoners, VIL, 101 ««•-/., KM, 10.\ 110 «••<!., 112. 166, 172.
"Outcasts of P«»ker Flat," F. B. Harte, K., 35.
Outposts: or picket duty in Federal armies, IV., ISO, 188; in military operations, importance of. IV., 186; an instance of the bravery of a Union officer on, IV., 190, 111-'.
Ovens on wheels, VIII., 4».
"Over their Graves," H. J. Stoek- ard, IX., 276.
Orerland Monthly, IX., 35.
Overton Hill, Nashville, Tenn., HL, 270.
Owascn, U. S. S.: IL, 330; VI., 190.
Owens, J. T.. X., 291.
Owl, C. S. S.. VL, 291.
Oxen Run, Md., V., 98.
Oxford, Miss.: court house at, II., 1H3; Illinois regiment guarding prisoners, II., 183; courthouse at, II., 183; III., 330.
Ozark, U. S. S.. VI., 141.
Paducah, Kv.: L, 177. 181, 197; II, :i.')l>; VL, 310; X., 44.
Page, H.. IV., 313.
Pane, R. I-.: III., 31!»; VL, 244, 258; X., 321.
Page. T.J.. VI., 295. 299.
Pain.-, C. J., X., '413
Paine. H. E.: L, 217; II., 13<i; VIII., 297; X., 30».
Painter. Sergeant, IV., 215.
Paintsville.Ky.:L,lSO,35(i;II.,352.
routine, V. S. S., IL, 162, 163.
Palfrey, F. W.. X., 23.
Palfrey. .1. C.. X., 215.
Palmer, "Ben," IV., 166.
Palmer. D.. VIII., 363.
Palmer, I. N.: III., 344; IV., 15.
Palmer, J., X., 296.
Palmer, J. H.. X., 299.
Palmer. J. M.: IL, 174, 324; III., 105, 110; X., 189, 220, 294.
Palmer, J. S., VL, 314.
Palmer, J. W.. IX., 24. 86.
Palmer, W. .!.. III., 344.
" Palmetto Sharpshooters," losses at Glendale, Va., X., 158.
Palmetto State, C. 8. S.: II., 330; VL, 124, 172, 239, 272, 318.
Palo Alto, Miss., IV., 132.
Pamlico Sound, N. C., VI., 115, 263.
Pumunkey, Va., L, 317.
Pamunkey River, Va.: L, 274; The White House on the, L, 275, 2X2, 324; IIL, 78; IV., 127, 203; VL, 59; scouts of Army of the Po tomac, VIIL, 207.
Paiicoast, G. I... VIL, 226.
Panther Gap, VV. Va., IIL, 322.
Paris, Count do: L, 115, 117; with Gen'l Meridian, I., 257; IL, 82; IV., 32, 222, 257, 272.
Parke, J. G.: at battle of Fort Macon, N. ('., I., 362; command ing the Ninth Corps at siege of Petersburg, Va., III., 2X2; battle of April 2d, III., 294; seizes Con federate entrenchments, III., 334; recaptures Fort Stedman, VIII., 357, 368; the Fifth Rhode Island under, IX., 71; X., 185, 208.
Parker, K. S.: I., 81; VIL, 254; IX., 113; X., 47, 49.
Parker, J., VIL, 318.
Parker, W. H., VL, 90, 156.
Parker, W. V., VL, 175.
Parker'sCross Roads, Tenn., II., 328.
Park*. U. S. S., VL, 57.
Parrott, E. G., VI., 265, 314.
Parrott, Mosby Ranger, IV., 16fi.
Parrott guns: V., 22 se.q., 23; 20- poundcr, V., 38, 58.
Parsons, H. C., IV., 230.
Parsons, L. H., X., 217.
Parsons, M. M.: IL, 352; X., 27».
Parsons' Texas Rangers, Confed-
. erate, IL, 320.
Parsons' Virginia battery, L, 119.
Partington, Miss Sallie, IX., 346.
"Partisan rangers" of Confeder acy, IV., 165-180.
Pasquotank River, N. C., VL, 312.
PaxKfiic, V. S. H., L, 24; IL, 332; VL, 12S. 130; IX., 336.
Passes, chemically prepared for the army, VIII., 19.
[«D ED.]
INDEX
Pjistimcs of officers ami men, VIIL, 241 **4*J
Potepico, U. S. S.: IL, 332; VL, 128, 179, 276, 322; IX., 336.
Patrick, M. R., VIIL, 279; X., 49.
Patrick Henry, C. S. S.: sunk in channel of the James River in Virginia. I., 109; V., 313; VL, 90, 146, 162. 168. 174.
Patriot Publishing Co., Spring field. Mass.: L, 8, IS; IL, 8.
Patriotism, Spirit of, ^X., 12X.
Patterson. .!. N., X., 219.
Patterson, R.: L, 140, 146 seq., 150 seq., 152. .
Patterson Creek, Va., L, 34S.
Patterson Creek, W. Va., IV., 108.
Pattersonville, La., IL, 332.
Patton, E. E.. X., 2.
Paul, G. R., X., 217.
Paul Jones, U. S. S.. VL, 121, 316.
Paulding, L., L, 223.
Pawner, V. S. S.: L, 348; VL, 23, 48, 91, 93, 94, 96,97, 99, 100.269,308.
Pawtucket, R. I.: First Rhode Island recruited at, VIIL, 60.
Pawtucket, U. S. S., IIL, 342.
Paxton, E. F.: IL, 334; X., 151.
Pay, rations, and equipment of Southern soldier, VllL, 114.
Payne, L.: VIL, 205; VIIL, 278.
Payne, Ixjwis or Powell: hanged for conspiring to kill President Lin coln, VIL, 211.
Payne, W. H.: IV., 112; X., 321.
Pea Ridge, Ark. (see alsoSugar Creek, Ark.): L, 358,365; losses at, X., 142.
Peabody. G., X., 4.
Peace Society of New York (see New York Peace Society), L, 18.
Peach Orchard, Gettysburg, Pa., L, 70; V., 40.
Peach Orchard, Va.: L, 332, 366; losses at, X., 142.
Peach Tree Creek, Ga.: IIL, 125, 127, 130, 326; V., 50.
Peach Tree Street, Atlanta, Ga., fort at, L, 56.
Pearce, J. S., VL, 193.
Pearee, N. B., VIIL, 103.
Pease Captain, I., 297.
Peck, J. J.: IL, 328, 330; X., 225.
Peck, T. S., X., 2, 25.
Peck, W. R., X., 273.
Peeble's Farm Signal Tower, Peters burg, Va., VIIL, 331.
Peerless, U. S. S., VL, 270.
Peet, F. T., X., 2.
Pegram, J.: IL, 332; IIL, 318, 342; X., 147.
Pegram, J. C., L, 348.
Pegram, R. B., VL, 89, 310.
Pelet-Narbonne, Lt.-Gen., quoted, IV., 16.
Pelham, J.: IX., 81, 83; death of, IX., 83, 85.
" Pelham," J. R. Randall, IX., 82.
" Pelican Rifles," Baton Rouge, La., X., 239.
Pelot, J. P., VL, 320.
Pemberton, J. C.: L, 124; IL, 184, 188, 189; river-battery of, IL, 193, 198, 203, 216, 218, 226, 261, 326, 32S, 334; IIL, 21; IV., 133; V., 46, 205; X., 249, 272, 274.
Prmhina. V. S. S., VL, 312.
Pender, W. D. : IL, 334 ; X., 145, 276, 278.
Pendergast, A., VL, 164, 166, 320.
Pendergast, G. J., VL, 116.
Pendleton, A. S., X., 103.
Pendleton, E., L, 287.
Pendleton, W. N.: L, 308; IL, 324, 328; V.,59.
Peninsula campaign: L, 115, 252, 2,54 seq., 285, 297, 299, 307; IL, 20, 27, 40, 66, 284, 2X5, 287, 310; IV., 220 seq., 324; V., 26 seq., 27, 28 seq., 32, 198; fortifications, effectiveness in, V., 202, 306, 312; VIL, 219, 261; VIIL, 63, 158, 236, 317, 322; IX., 79, 133, 144, 157, 313; X., 106.
Pennell, C., VL, 113.
Pennington, A. C. M., L, 287.
Pennington's battery, IL, 324.
Pennock, A. M., VL, 213.
Pennsylvania: invasion of, IL, 240; ivads in, VIIL, ,';, , ; exceeds quota asked for. VIIL, 74; uniform of troops, VIIL, 78; troops fur nished in Civil War, VIIL, 225; contribution of troops, VIIL, 225: monuments to its dead at Vicksburg, X., 99.
Pennsylvania troops:
Artillery, //air//: Second, IIL, 336; X., 99; Fifth. IX.. 263, 205. Artillery, Liaht: First, Battery B, L, 22, 32, 350, 364; McCarthy's battery, Company C' of, L, 291; III., 176, 178; Cooper's battery, V, 47; Third, IL, 348; Battery E, V., 35.
Cncnlry: First, L, 354, 350; IL, 336; Second, IV., 57: Third, L, 339: officers of, L, 341; IL, 320, 330;III.,340;IV.,183,229.sv,y.,239; Fourth, L, 831, 341; II., 336; IV., 57 229 xeq.; Fifth, IIL, 3 IX: IV., 253; Sixth, IL, 336; IV., 25 seq., 47, 56, 74 xeq., 80, 228; Dragoons, IV., 244; Seventh,!., 368; II., 326; IV., 47, .'.7: IX., 61. 03; Eighth, IL, US; Ninth, L, 368; II., 32S, 330, 332, 336; Eleventh, II., 336; III., 318; Thirteenth, IL, 330; IIL, 332, 340; IV., 57; Four teenth, IL, 342, 346; Sixteenth, IV., 57; Seventeenth, II. , 336; IV., 118; Eighteenth, IV., 54; Twenty-first, IV., 57.
Infantry: First, L, 348, 350, 366: Rifles, L, 360: IL, 342; VIL, 169; Second, IL, 330; Third. IL, 332, 336; VIL, 169; Fourth, IL, 332, 342; VIL, 169: Fifth, IL, 330; Sixth, L, 356; VIIL, 82; Seventh, L, 302; Eighth, IL, 324; VIL, 169; losses, X., 154; Ninth, L, 350; Tenth, L, 331, 356; losses, X., 154; Eleventh, L, 348; VIL, 274; losses, X., 154; Twelfth, L, 350; IL, 330; Thir teenth, IL, 330: losses, X., 154; Fourteenth, IIL, 32S; Sixteenth, IL, 332, 342; VIL, 169; Eigh teenth, IV., 232; Nineteenth, IIL, 324; Twenty-seventh, L, 348, 366; Twenty-eighth, L, 352; V., 35; VIL, ' 181; X., 124; Twenty-ninth, L, 364; VIL, 181; Thirty-first, camp of, VIIL, 83; Forty-fifth, L, 300; Forty-sixth, IL, 25; Forty-seventh, IL, 320; Forty-eighth," IIL, 195, 2(;0: V., 246; Forty-ninth. IL, 346; losses, X., 154; Fiftieth, L, 355; Fifty- first, L, 356, 358, 362; Fifty- fifth, IL, 326; Sixty-second, L, 364; Sixty-third, V., 35; IX., 59: losses, X., 154; Sixty-seventh, IL, 336; Sixty-ninth, IX., 217; Seventy-first, L, 352; at Gettys burg, IL, 205; Seventy-second at Gettysburg, IL, 205; Seventy- sixth, IL, 320; Seventy-eighth, IL, 326; Eighty-first, losses, X., 152; Eighty-third, L, 304; losses, X., 154; Eighty-fourth, L, 360, 366; Eighty-seventh, IL, 336; Ninety-fifth, L, 302; Ninety- sixth, drilling at Camp North umberland, near Washington, D. C., I., 168, 362; Ninety-seventh, L, 360; Ninety-ninth, IIL, 332; VIIL, 319; One Hundredth, L, 364, 300; One Hundred and Third, IL, 352; One Hundred and Fourth, L, 290; One Hundred and Fifth, IX., 59; One Hundred and Sixth, II., 61; at Gettysburg, II., 205; One Hundred and Tenth, L, 360, 300; II., 340; One Hundred and Eleventh, VIL, 181; One Hundred and Fourteenth, camp at Brandy Station, Va., VIIL, 224, 225; One Hundred and Fifteenth, IL, 344; One Hundred and Six teenth, IL, 92, 93; One Hundred and Nineteenth, II., 346; One Hundred and Fortieth, losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Forty-first, losses, X., 152, 154; One Hundred and Forty-second, losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Forty-fifth, losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Forty-eighth, losses, X., 154; One Hundred and Fiftieth, II., 103;< )ne Hundred and Fifty-first, X., 124; Two Hundred and Ninth, IIL, 338.
Pennsylvania, V. S. S., VL, 54.
Pennypacker. G., X., 291.
Penrose, W. H., X., 125.
Pensacola, Fla.: L, 86, 91. 352; IL, 351; IIL, 221; guns in, V., 57; Confederate water battery at, V., 57, 59; harbor at, VL, 17| 19, 24, 34, 51, 73, 116, 120, 247; navy- yard at, VL, 2(58, 308, 310, 314;
PETERSBURG
VIL, 264; VIIL, 70; harbor at, VIIL, 106; Barbour sand-bat- tcriesut, VIII.,121; fortifications at, IX., 163, 244.
Pfiimcola, V. S. S.: I., 227; VL, 48, 55, 1X7, 190.
Pensacola Bay, Fla., L, 4, 87, 347.
Perkins, H. W., X., 160.
"Perote Guards " (see also New Or leans, La.), V., 165.
Perrin, A.: IIL, 70, 320; X., 155.
Perry, E. A., X., 127.
Perry, M., VL, 45.
Perry, M. S., L, 4.
Perry, W. F., X., 255.
Perry, U.S. S., VL, 122.
Perry ville, Ivy.: IL, 160, 169, 326; IV., 203; losses at, X., 142, 158.
"Personal Memoirs," I . S. Grant, IX., Ill), 290.
Personnel of the Medical .Depart ment of the Federal Army, VIL, 346, Appendix B.
Persons, A. W., VIL, 76.
Pt'tirhoff, C. S. S., VL, 309, 320.
Peters, midshipman, C.S.N.,VIL,123.
Peters, N., VIIL, 237.
Petersburg, Va.: L, 32, 34, 43; the investment of, L, 120; campaign, L, 2X5; IIL, 17, 20, 47, 111, 119, 120, 123, 124, 127, 132, 133, 135, 146, 160, 175; investment of, IIL, 175-208; 178, 180, 182, 183, 1X4, 188; digging entrenchments at, IIL, 189; Southern entrench ments around, defy the Union army, IIL, 192; siege of, IIL, 194, 196; Confederate fortifica tions around, IIL, 203, 204; fortifications at, most remarkable in the whole world. IIL, 207; siege and fall of, IIL, 271-294; Union forces in trenches before, IIL, 272, 273, 274; Bolingbroke Street in, IIL, 275,276, 2X0; mole hill ramparts near the crater, IIL, 281, 2X2, 283, 2X4, 2X8, 292; the bombardment of, IIL, 294, 296, 298, 300; courthouse in, IIL, 301, 303, 304, 305, 309, 311, 320, 321, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 335, 337. 340; fall of, III., 344; trenches at, IIL, 344: IV., 38, 104, 108, 128, 252, 253, 25X; ' 'About Faced " Re doubt, V., 49; Mortar "Dictator" in, V., 51; heavy artillery on the way to, V., 52, 54, 62, 182; mine, V.,' 180, 1X4; Confederate abatis at, V., 193; entrenchments at, value of, to Confederates, V., 214, 216; Confederate fortifications in defense of ,V., 217; Fort Sedgwick, V., 217, 239, 246, 248; attempts of Confederate engineers to locate Union mines at, V., 262, 264, 296, 320; VL, 317; Castle Thunder Prison at, VIL, 87, 89, 101; surgeons of Ninth Corps at, VIL, 221; supplies sent to armies investing, VIL, 227; Confederate camp in front of, used as hospital, VII. ,229; headquarters, Chief of Ambulance, VIL, 281, 307; VIIL, 16; field forge at, VIII. ,41; build ing winter quarters at, VIIL, 41 ; field wheelwrights at, VIIL, 41; weighing bread for the Union army, VIIL, 49; government overi on wheels, VIIL, 49; Sixth Vermont at, VIIL, 65, 73, 103, 135, 130; O. B. Wilcox's head quarters, VIIL, 243; New York Thirteenth Artillery at, VIIL, 243, 252; bomb proofs at, VIIL, 253; fall of, VIIL, 254; church built by New York Fiftieth En gineers! VIIL, 257; hanging of Confederate spy at, VIIL, 303; Cobb's Hill Tower, VIIL, 310; Peeble's Farm Signal Tower, VIIL, 331; Signal Tower, New- York Fourteenth Heavy-Artillery, VIIL, 331, 330; fall of. VIIL, 338, 351; telegraph battery wagon, VIIL, 353: headquarters field telegraph, VIIL, 355; tele graph operators at, VIIL, 357; telegraph office in trenches be fore, VIIL, 365, 367, 308; siege of, IX., 155; crater. IX., 175; capture of, IX., 191 ; bullets found after battle, IX., 203; captured, IX., 243; ruins in, IX., 308, 352. Petersburg and City Point Rail road, Va., V., 51.
[346]
PETERSON
INDEX
PRISONERS
Peterson, H.: quoted, IX., 28, 282, 2S5.
Petrel, ship, VI., 122.
Petrel, U. S. S.: VI., 82 (see also Aiken) ; VI., 208, 268, 310, 320.
Pettigrew, J. J.: I., 3(14; II., 153, 262, 342.
Pettigrew, M. L., VIL, 296.
Pettit, R. D., L, 2SO.
Pettit, Miss Yera, X., 2.
Pettit's battery, I., 280.
Pettus, E. W.,'X., 253.
Pequio, J., VIII., 149.
Peqifjt, U. S. S., III., 342.
Phelps, J. E., of Arkansas, X., 195.
Phelps, J. Klisha.of Kansas, X., 217.
Phelps, J. S., X., 292.
Phelps, J. W., VI., 312; X., 307.
Phelps, S. L.: L, 221; VI., 150, 220, 232, 312, 316.
Phelps, T. S., VI., 95.
Phenix, L., VI., 127.
Philadelphia, Pa.: II., 61; news papers during the war, VIII., 33; brigade, survivors of, K., 34; Landis' battery at, IX., 37; bri gade of, meeting with General Pickett's men at Gettysbu g, in 1867, X., 138.
Philadelphia, Tenn., II., 344.
Phila-Mphia, U. S. S., VI., 93, 30;.
Philippi, W. Va., I., 348.
Phillips House, Va.: II., 100; ruins of, 101.
Phil: Parsons, C. S. S., VIIL, 29S.
Philoinont, Va., II., 326.
"Photographer and Soldier," VIIL,
14 si'q.
Photographic History of the Civil War: the Contributors to, I., 7; X., 28; only complete pictorial record of a war, I., 30; gives records and facts as well, L, 106; II., 1; difficulties in obtaining some of the photographs for the, III., 170; within Confederate lines, VIIL, 105; illustrated, VIIL, 108.
Photographing the Civil War: the benefits to the historian, I., 14, 30 Ki-q., 30-54; photographers with the army. L, 33; Brady's Head quarters," L, 39, 48; during Civil War, favorable comparison of, with present methods, L, 43, 45 seq.; difficulties of, quoted, L, 48; the Civil War, artistic skill displayed in, L, 54, 58, 59; as a record, L, 60-87; in field, V., 195; the soldiers, 1861-65, VIIL, 14, 15; photographers who followed the army, VIIL, 25; method used in spying by Lytel, VIIL, 297.
Photographs: perilous photography at the front, I., 26; important fac tors in giving vivid and graphic descriptions of the Civil War, I., 30-54.<pQ. ; how made,!., 46; sold to government, L, 52; how collected and difficulties encountered, L, 52; past history made present, bv Civil War pictures, L, 60, 64, 66; the most daring, taken during Civil War, L, 100; discovery and collection of, VIIL, 105; their use in the spy service, VIIL, 297.
Pic-kens, Fort, Fla., I., 4, 86, 347 seq., 354.
Pickens, U. S. S., VI., 82.
Pickering, C. W., VI., 309.
Pickering, T., VI., 109.
"Picket Guard, The" (All Quiet Along the Potomac), E. L. Beers, IX., 142.
Pickets: Federal Cavalry, IV., 190; Confederate, at Stono Inlet, S. C.; VIIL, 131; in Union army, VIIL, 215; duty of, IX., 143; on winter duty, IX., 149; communication between, X. 134.
Pickett, G. E.: L, 73; II., 256, 258, 259, 261 seq., 262 seq.. 348; III., 84, 306, 322, 344; IV., 29, 236, 301; V., 37, 61, 74; charge of, at Gettysburg, Pa., V., 40; charge, at Gettysburg, IX., 22, 34, 215, 217; X., 68, 138,282.
Pickett, U. S. S., I., 356.
Piedmont, W. Va., III., 322.
Pierce, B. R.: III., 76; X., 215.
Pierce, F., IX., 288.
Pierce, signal officer, receiving sig nals .it Elk Mountain, Md., VIIL, 320, 321.
Pierrepont, E., VIL, 196.
[2o ED.]
Pierson, S., VIL, 181.
Pierson, W. S., VIL, 64, 69.
Pigeon Mountain, Tenn., II., 270.
Pike, A.: VIL, 254; IX., 163, 164; X., 257.
Piketown, Ky., L, 354.
Pillow, G. J.: L, 184, 190 seq., 192; VIL, 40, 98; X., 299.
Pillow, Fort, Tenn. (see also Fort Pillow, Tenn.), I., 187, 215, 221, 236, 237, 238, 240, 249; VI., 85.
Pilot Knob, Mo.: II., 169; III., 332.
Pinckney, C., IX., 319, 321.
Pinckney Castle, L, 89.
Pine Bluff, Ark.: II., 346; III., 342.
Pine Mountain, Ga., where Gen'l Leonidas Polk was killed, III., 115, 322.
Piney Woods, La., II., 350.
Pinkerton, A.: L, 40; II., 77; VIL, 31; VIIL, 17, 19, 23, 262, 263, 267, 269, 271.
Pinkerton, W. A.: VIIL, 17, 23; on Brady, quoted, VIII., 17.
Pinkerton's Secret Service: during the Civil War, VIIL, 4.
Pinola, U. S. S.: L, 232; VI., 190, 196
Pioneer, V. S. S., L, 356.
Piper, Count, Swedish minister, VI., 25.
Pistols, V., 144, 170.
Pittsburg Landing, Shiloh, Tenn. : L, 95, 194, 195, 198 seq., 200, 203 seq., 358, 360; II., 142; V., 44, 204; VI., 216; Confederate bat tery at, VI., 312; IX., 95.
Pittsburgh, U. S. S.: L, 187, 217, 222, 224, 356, 362; VI., 148, 214, 216, 218.
Plains of Abraham, Quebec, L, 12.
Plank Road, Va., V., 320.
Planter, C. S. S., VI., 314.
Planter, U. S. S., VII., 227.
Plaquemine, La., I., 363.
Pleasant Hill, La.: II., 352; VI., 227.
Pleasant Valley, Md., IX., 161.
Pleasant's Virginia battery, Con federate, L, 360.
Pleasants, H., III., 195; V., 246.
Pleasonton, A.: II., 116, 324, 326, 336, 340; IV., 16, 24, 31, 75, 80, 84, 226, 228, 230, 231, 237, 243, 262, 275, 299 seq.; V., 37; VIL, 169; headquarters at Auburn, VIIL, 235, 319, 361; IX., 58, 61, 65; X., 238.
Plevna, losses at, X., 140.
Plue, D., VIIL, 281.
Plum, W. R., quoted, VIIL, 360.
Plum Point, Tenn., L, 362.
Plummer, J. B., L, 362.
Plymouth, N. C.: II., 352; III., 33S; VI., 320, 322.
Plymouth, U. S. S., VI., 54, 142.
Po River, Va., III., 56.
Poague, W. T., V., 73; IX., 85.
Pocohontas, U. S. S., VI., 93.
Pocotaligo, S. C., II., 326.
Poe, E. A., IX., 19.
Poe, O. M.: L, 33, 42; III., 222; V., 195, 231, 254; VIIL, 25.
Pohick Church, Va., I., 354.
Pohle, C. R. M., VIIL, 109.
Poindexter, J. A., II., 320.
Poinsett, J. R., "Poinsett Tactics," IV., 60.
Pointe Coupee, La., IX., 19.
Point Lookout Prison, Md.: III., 350 seq.; VIL, 44, 56 seq., 63 seq.; staff at, VIL, 63, 70, 124; Con federate prisoners at, VIL, 125; IX., 25.
Point of Rocks, Md.: L, 350; IV., 76, 77; V., 80; VI., 89, 265; sig nal station at, VIIL, 319: sig nal offices at, VIIL, 319; signal tower, VIIL, 331.
Point Pleasant, Mo., I., 217, 220.
Poison Springs, Ark., II., 352.
Policy of arbitrary arrests, VIL, 198.
Polignac, C. J., X., 317.
Political influences: as affecting military operations, L, 118.
Political prisoners, VIIL, 270.
Polk, J. K., tomb of, IX., 285.
Polk, L.: I., 196, 200, 208, 218, 360; II., 170, 276, 278 seq., 348; III., 108, 111, 112, 115, 118, 320; V., 48; VIL, 100; VIIL, 110, 115; X., 143, 247, 264.
Polk, L. E., X., 257.
Pond, G. E., III., 148.
Pond's Partisan Rangers, Confed erate, II., 320.
Pontchcirtrain, C. S. S. : L, 366; VI., 218.
Pontoon boats: II., 87; canvas, V., 235.
Pontoon bridges: at Berlin, Md., II., 56; III., 37; IV., 205; V., 235; at Decatur, Ala., VIIL, 207; offi cers' quarters, VIIL, 207; pontoon bridge, VIIL, 207.
Pontoosuc, U. S. S., III., 342.
Poolesville, Md., III., 159 seq.
Poor, C. H., VI., 116.
"Poor Old Slave," poem, IX., 351.
Pope, John: L, 217, 219, 220, 222, 236, 243, 358, 360: II., 9, 13 seq.; headquarters of, II., 15, 18, 20 seq., 26, 28, 32, 34, 38 seq.; 43, 46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 139, 144, 320, 322; IV., 34; army of, IV., 67, 89, 90, 193; V., 27, 32 seq., 34, 36, 104, 200, 202, 283, 286, 288; VI., 189, 216, 218, 268; VIL, 106, 219; VIIL, 18, 128, 201, 228, 240; IX., 75; X., 173, 176.
Pope, V., III., 39.
Poplar Springs Church, Va., III., 332.
Population of Northern States in 1860, VIIL, 58.
Porcher, F. P., VIL, 250.
Pork-packing by Confederate gov ernment at Richmond, Va., VIIL, 54.
Port. Gibson, Miss.: II., 189, 214, 216, 334, 340.
Port Hudson, La.: L, 365; II., 9; Confederate fortifications at, II., 179; River Banks at, II., 179 seq., 1S8; Confederate fortifications, II., 210; Confederate siege guns at, II., 211; Confederate fortifica tions at, II., 213; parapet at, II., 213; "The Citadel," II., 215; battered guns at, II., 217; Bain- bridge's batteries at, II., 217; Duryea's batteries at, II., 217; Federal battery No. 10 at, II., 219; Federal navy, assistance of, at, II., 219, 226", 332; siege of, II., 336, 340; campaign of, IV., 135; VI., 38, 114, 217, 226, 318; VIL, 112, 114, 118; expeditions, of, VIL, 263.
Port Republic, Va.: I., 310, 366; IV., 104.
Port Royal, S. C.: I., 354, 355; cap ture of Confederate forts at, L, 357; II., 329; expedition, II., 329; III., 224; on Rappahannock, IV., 203; expeditionary corps, V., 110, 145; VI., 22, 75, 112, 115, 117, 120, 125, 168, 270, 295; entrance to, VI., 310.
Port Royal, Va., evacuation of, IV., 205.
Port Royal, U.S. S. : I., 364; VI., 314.
Port Royal Islands, S. C., IX., 352.
Porter,A.:I.,157;VIII.,271;X.,303.
Porter, D., I., 183.
Porter, D. D. : I., 25, 77, 183, 223, 226 seq., 228, 362; river fleet of, L, 74, 362: II., 188, 190 seq., 200; II., 206, 332, 334, 348, 350; III., 340, 342; Red River fleet of, IV., 139; V., 267, 269, 313; VI., 37, 64, 68, 81, 114, 116, 120, 141, 148, 175, 181, 184, 195, 201, 206, 207, 209, 210, 226, 227, 234. 240, 314, 317, 318, 322; staff of, VI., 257; VIIL, 330.
Porter, Mrs. Felicia Grundy: Presi dent Women's Relief Society of the Confederate States, VIL, 247, 296.
Porter, Fit z - John : headquarters of, I., 29, 51 seq., 162, 281, 314, 320, 321, 324, 326, 335; II., 46, 50, 68, 322. 324; and staff, IV., 221, 222; V., 35, 38; VIIL, 356; X., 183, 198.
Porter, H.: III., 81; VIIL, 185, 226, 235; IX., 112, 113, 115, 182; X., 19, 49.
Porter, J. C., II., 320.
Porter, J. L., VI., 140, 144, 154, 155.
Porter, W. D.: L, 74 seq., 77, 78 seq., 94, 183m?.; II., 198; VI., 226, 316.
Porter's independent forces, Con federate, II., 320.
Porterfield, J., Confederate agent, VIIL, 300.
Portland, Me., L, 88.
Portsmouth, Va., L, 364.
Portsmouth, U. S. S., VI., 183, 190.
Posev, C., X., 153.
Post, P. S., X., 201.
Post office of the Army of the Poto mac, VIIL, 33, 35. '
Posts, G. A. R., origin of, X., 290.
Potato-digging by Grant's men, VIIL, 198-199.
Potosi, Mo., L, 350.
Potomac, The Army of the (see also Army of the Potomac), I., 282.
Potomac Creek, Va.: bridge over, V., 272; VIL, 41.
Potomac River: L, 62; in Virginia, II., 19, 56; in Maryland and Virginia, II., 229; view of, from Berlin Heights, II., 266; Meade's army crossing at Berlin, II., 267; V., 80, 258; VI., 39, 92; flotilla and batteries, VI., 94, 95; U. S. flotilla, VI., 314; VIL, 31; New York Ferry at, VIIL, 39, 74; New York Seventh crossing, VIIL, 76, 84, 282.
Potter, C. H., IX., 59.
Potter, E. E., X., 225.
Potter, J. H., X., 219.
Potter, R. B.: III., 90; X., 225.
Potter's House, Atlanta, Ga., III., 127.
Potthoft, private, VIIL, 125.
Potts, surgeon, VIL, 222.
Potts, B., X., 233.
"Pound Cake Regiment," X., 121.
Pound Gap, Tenn., I., 358.
Powder Springs, Ga., III., 322.
Powell, L., alias "Payne," hanged for conspiracy to kill President Lincoln, VII.,' 211.
Powell, W. H., III., 338.
Powell, W. L., VI., 154.
Powhatan, U. S. S.: III., 340; VI., 116, 184, 308.
Powhatan Point, Va., V., 239.
Powhite Creek, Va., I., 326.
Poydras College, La., IX., 19, 158.
Prairie D'Ann, Ark., II., 352.
Prairie du Chien, Wis.: First regi ment of, en route to Washington, D. C., VIIL, 79.
Prairie Grove, Ark.: II., 326; losses at, X., 142.
Prague, losses at, X., 140.
"Pray On," C. P. Ware, IX., 352.
' 'Prayer of Twenty Millions, The," Greeley's famous letter, II., 31.
Preble, G. H.. VI., 190.
Prentiss, B. M.: L, 194, 200, 202, 204, 305, 360, 365; II., 340, 343; IX., 95; X., 201.
Preston, J. S., X., 285,
Preston, J. T. L., IX., 132.
Preston, Margaret J.: IX., 230, 231.
Preston, S. Vi., VI., 127, 259.
Preston, W., II., 286; X., 267.
Preston, signal officer, VIL, 153.
"Pride of Battery B, The," F. H. Gassaway, IX., 189, 196, 199, 201.
Price, S.: L, 118, 209, 353; II., 143 seq., 152, 212, 324, 340, 342, 344, 346, 350, 352 seq.; III., 128, 324, 328, 330, 332, 338; VI., 221; X., 251, 276.
Prince Street Hospital, Alexandria, Va., VIIL, 235.
Princeton, W. Ya., L, 364.
Princeton, U. S. S., VI., 135.
Prisoners: guarding the, I., 165; Confederate, II., 351 seq. ; treat ment of, during the Civil War, an advance over previous methods, VIL, 14, 16; of the war, VIL, 19-52; paroling of, and object, VIL, 26; paroling of, and condi tions of parole, VIL, 26, 28, 30; exchanges of, authorized after the battle of Bull Run, etc., VIL, 32; of the war, laws in regard to, VIL, 32, 34; Confederate, treat ment of, in Northern prisons, VIL, 35; several estimates of the number of, captured during the war, VIL, 43, 50, 52; increased numbers of, created demand for more prisons, VIL, 43, 44; treat ment of, according to rules and regulations of the respective de partments of war, VIL, 46, 48; of the North and South, their lives, accommodations, etc., com pared, VIL, 48, 50; Confederate, captured in Civil War, VIL, 50; Union, captured in Civil War, VIL, 50; "dilapidated" Union, VIL, 51; of the war, VIL, 54; number of, confined in Libby Prison during the war, VIL, 57;
[347]
PRISONERS
INDEX
RED RIVER
Priwners — Continued.
commissary-general of, his duties and orders, VII., S3; exchange of, VII., 97-122; exchange of, what is meant by this term, VII., 98; first formal exchange of, VII., 98; Confederate, on way to Cox's landing, Va., VII., 99; Con federate agent for the exchange of, VII., 101 ; exchange equivalent of, determined by rank, VII., 109; in Georgia, VII., 122; in South Carolina, VII., 122; mean ing of term wealth in connection with. VII., 120, 129; the life of, and the distribution of rations an exciting event, VII., 131; of the war, passion for gambling among, VII.. 131, 132, 134; of the war who escaped by eluding the sentry, VII., 149; treatment of, VII., 1.53-186; cost of caring for, a drain upon the resources of the North and South, VII., 157; of the Civil War and their treat ment, three distinct periods in regard to, VII., 160. 101, 102 srq.; stories of placing of, under the fire of their own butteries, VII., 105, 176; increased numbers of, during 1863, a drain upon re sources of the North, VII., 100; on both sides received supplies from the outside (1S64), VII., 172; of the North and South com pared as regards supplies, cloth ing, shelter, health conditions, etc., VII., 180-186; Iowa veterans at Libby Prison, VIII., 251; polit ical. VIII., 270.
Prisons: VIL, 19 seq.; little pro vision made for, by armies of the North and South at the beginning of the war, VIL, 24; Confederate, some of the most important ones, VIL, 44, 46; Northern and Southern, VIL, .53-97; construc tion of , and conditions existing in those of the North and South, VIL, 54 seq. ; of importance, clarified and described, VIL, 54, 50 seri., 96; of the war, VIL, 54- 97; fortifications used as, VIL, 50, 58; jails and penitentiaries used as, VIL, 58; I'nipn and Con federate, overcrowding, unsani tary conditions, etc., of, 58, 62, 64, 06 seq. ; various buildings, as manufacturing establishments, used as, VIL, 58, 60, 02, 91; en closures used as, confined to the North exclusively, VIL, 62, 64; Federal, commandants of, VIL, 65; Union and Confederate, rate of mortality and sickness in, VIL, 05, 68, 70; tents used for, VIL, 70, 72; Union, in which mortality was ten per cent, in one month, VIL, 73; open stockades without shelter used for, and confined exclusively to the South, VIL, 74, 76 seq.; of Elmira, N. Y., death and sick rate of, VIL, 77; in Virginia, VIL, 78; east of Mississippi, VIL, 86; west of Mississippi, VIL, 93; life in, lays bare a man's character, VIL, 124, 120; various means of idling away the hours in, VIL, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 136; all sorts and con ditions of men in, VIL, 126, 129; determination to escape from, held first place in the hearts of thousands of prisoners, VIL, 131, 132; debating societies, French classes, etc., in, VIL, 133, 136; statistics of mortality in, VIL, 130; escapes from, during the Civil War, VIL, 138 seg.; testimonies regarding treatment of prisoners, VIL, 150, 158; regu lations issued by Department of War as regards care of prisoners, VIL, 158; special acts passed by Confederate Congress in regard to, VIL, 158, 100; treatment of Confederate prisoners at Fort Warren the best in the whole war, VIL, 162; rations, some, rumors in regard to, VIL, 164, 100; fund for, VIL, 106, 108; of the South, reports of suffering in, multiplied, in latter part of 1863 and beginning of 1864, VIL, 108; rations, VIL, 108; Union, rations
['ti> ED.]
served in, VIL, 108; rations as re duced, VIL, 108; history of the Confederacy, two most promi nent figures of, VIL, 173, 170, 178, 180; in Alabama and Georgia, VIL, 178; Old Capitol, at Washington, VIIL, 289. Pritchard, B. D., IX., 29.5. Pritch.ard's Mills, Md., L, 352. Private agencies of relief, VIL, 321-
341;
Privateers: Confederate, conviction of, by United States court and the trouble that ensued, VIL, 29, 34, 36; crews of, proclaimed pirates by Lincoln, VL, 84; careers of! VL, 122; abandoned for blockade running, VL, 290; Proclamation of President Lin coln in regard to (April 19, 1861), VIL, 34. Proclamation of Abraham Lincoln,
call for troops, VIIL, 10S seq. Proclamation of Emancipation, pre liminary, VIL, 110. Proctor, D. C., L, 105. Proctor, R., IX., 155. Projectiles: the Charrin type, V., 138; for cannon, V., 140; the Hotchki.ss type, V., 184, 190; the Parrott type, V., 184, 190; the Schenkl type, V., 184, 190; the Armstrong type, V., 190; the Blakely type, V., 190; the Whit- worth type, V., 190. Prospect Hill, Washington, D. C.: camp of New York Thirteenth cavalry at, IV., 173. Prospect Hill, Va.: New York
Thirteenth cavalry at, IV., 27. Proteus, U. S. S., VL, 107. Provence's battery. Confederate, L,
358.
Providence, R. L: First Maine In fantry leaving, VIIL, 60. Provincetown, Mass., VL, 312. Provost guard: patrols of the, VIIL,
81.
Provost marshal: duties and re sponsibilities of, II., 157; head quarters of, at Corinth, Miss., II., 157; ac.'ivities of., VIL, 85; office, Department of the Cum berland, VIL, 183, 187 seq.; the army's police, VIL, 187-212; general, duties of, VIL, 188; duties of, combined offices of chief of police and magistrate, VIL, 1S8, 189, 190 seq.; and the citizen, VIL, 188-212; practical illustration of the. work of, VIL, 189; discretion and sound judg ment necessary for office of, VIL, 190; existence of war brought before the people by activities of; VIL, 190; general headquarters of, VIL, 201. Pryor, R. A., X., 127. "Psalm of the West, The," Sid ney Lanier, IX., 30, 284. Pulaski, Tenn.: Federal troops ad vancing over bridge at, L, 212, 213; Union bridge at, II., 137. Pulaski, Fort, Ga. (see also Fort Pulaski, Ga.): VL, 237; VIIL, 229.
Pulpit Rock, Lookout Mountain, Tenn.: II., 293; summit of, II., 307.
"Pup-tent," The, VIIL, 32. Purchasing system: Confederate
army, VIIL, 52. Purdy Road, Miss., II., 152. Puritan, U. S. S., VL, 130. Purnell Legion of Maryland: VIL,
169.
Purvis, G. E., V., 65. Puryear, J., IV., 166. Putegnat, J. P., VIL, 147. Putnam, G. H.: L, 7, 9, 50 00- VIL, 18; IX., 177, 181; X., 21. ' Putnam, Henry, IX., 348. Putnam, Herbert, L, 15. Putnam, L, IX., 348. Putnam, U. S. S., I., 350.
Q
Quaker Citj,, U. S. S.: II., 330; III.,
_ 312; VI., 308, 318.
"Quaker guns": mounted before
Port Hudson. II., 215; V., 198 Quaker Road, Va., III., 344. Quallatown, N. C., II., 350. Quantico Creek, Va., VI., 84.
Quanlrill, W. C.: II., 342; IV., 108, Quarles, W. A., X., 295.
Quarles, Mosby ranger, IV., 166. Quarles' Mill, Va.: I., 43; III., 51, 73. Quartermasters, VIIL, 46 seq. Quebec, Canada, L, 12. Queen City, U. S. S., VL, 223. Queen of the West, C. S. S.: II., 330. Queen of the West, U. S. S.: L, 239,
240, 244, 366, 368; II., 196, 198;
VL, 35, 222, 224, 220, 316, 318. Quirk's scouts, Confederate army,
IV., 158. "Quota from Michigan," VIIL, 77.
R
Raccoon Ford, Va., II., 340. Raccoon Mountain, Tonn.: II., 177,
29li ; gorge at, II., 310. Rachel Seaman, U. S. S., VL, 310. Radford, W., VL, 102. Ragged Point, Va., VL, 322. Haham, F., IV., 166. Raiders: Confederate, capture of telegraph operators by, IV., 174, 176.
Raids: first great Confederate under General Stuart, June 13-15, 1862, IV., 85; a distinct product of the Civil War, IV., 120; expeditions, Federal, in the East, IV., 120- 131; a most brilliant and sensa tional one, and results of, in May, 1804, IV., 124, 125, 120, 127; in the West, IV., 129-140; famous Union, in the West, April, 1S63, IV., 132, 133, 134; and expedi tions, Federal, in the West, IV., 132-140; Union, in the West, and South, objects of, IV., 132; under Crierson, the most successful during the Civil War, results of, IV., 134; by Federal cavalry in March and April, 1865, in the West, gave the death blow to the Southern Confederacy, IV., 136, 138, 140; of Union cavalry in the West on the whole more success ful than those in the Kast, IV., 137; Confederate, in the West, IV., 141-164; under Morgan, object of, IV., 144; under Mor gan, results of, IV., 156. Railroads: Richmond-Chattanooga Railroad, L, 116; Richmond & York River Railroad, Va., L, 299; bridge over Richmond & York River Railroad, I., 317; a factor in warfare, II., 34; work trains of military, II., 35; fre quent destruction of, by armies of North and South, II., 175; guarding of, importance of in the strategy of war, II., 316; ' 'the most complete destruction of, ever beheld," II., 341; destruc tion by Union wreckers, III., 133; and the armies, V., 271; military, and roads, V., 274; part played in war, VIIL, 4(1, 48; building on the marsh, VIIL, 34; mileage in 1861, VIIL, 46; transportation prob lems, VIIL, 46; value in the prosecution of campaigns, VIIL, 46; rates on, 48; Baltimore and Washington R. R., 74; Massachu setts Eighth, en route to Washing ton, D. C., 74; New York Seventh en route to Washington, D. C., 74. Rains, J. E., II., 330; X., 151. Rains, G. J., V., 163. Rains, G. W.: V., 157, 161, 162, 10S,
170, 183. Rains', J. S., brigade, L, 290, 350,
308.
Raleigh, N. C., VIIL, 220 Raleigh, C. S. S.: L, 356; VL, 140,
158, 168, 273. Rampart, L, 263. Rams: river steamers fitted as, by Charles Ellet, Jr., VL, 35, 87; Confederate destruction of, VI. , 87, 89; first employment by Con federates, VL, 140; opinion of Mallory on, VI. , 146; use of, on the Mississippi, VL, 150; in first battle of ironclads, VL, 100, 162, 160; first attempts to use, VL, 178; in Confederate defense of New Orleans, VL, 189, 191, 194, 198,200; in Confederate defense of Carolina waters, VL, 199; in Con federate defense of the Missis sippi, VL, 224, 226; in Confeder
ate defense of Mobile, VL, 24!)
250, 251. 252, 254, 25C<; Foderai
use of, VL, 251; in Confederate
defense of Charleston, VL, 272;
Confederate cruiser, VL, 297, 299.
Ramsay, F. M., VL, 207.
Ramseur, S. D.: II., 334; III., 70,
152, 330; X., 145, 278. Ramseur, surgeon, VIL, 222. Ramsey, A., VL, 154. Randall, J. It.: IX., 19, 20, 81, 82
.S3, 84, 158. 101.
Itandol, A. M., battery, II., 334. Randolph, G. W.: organizer of the "Richmond Howitzers," V., 58; VIL, 100, 195; X., 319. Randolph, Mrs. G. W., VIL, 296 Randolph, N., IV., 166. Randolph, Fort, Tenn. (see also Fort Randolph, Tenn.), L, 230, 240, 249. Randolph's battery, Confederate,
L, 348.
Rankin, W. A., L, 97, 201. Ranson, G. M., VL, 190. Ransom, M. W.: II., 324; VIIL, 103. Ransom, It., Jr.: II., 324; X., 279. Ransom, T. E. G.: II., 352; X., 199,
218, 222.
Rapidan River, Va. : II., 26, 40 42
105, 124, 2(17; Germania ford,
III., 24. 25; V., 32 seg., 214, 210,
234; VIIL, 329, 351.
Rappahannock Bridge, Va. : II.,
226; VI. , 294.
Rappahannock River: view of Fred- ericksburg, Va., from, L, 26; Brady at work on the banks of, L, 26,59; Federal troops crossing the, II., 1(1, 19, 24, 33, 39, 40 .xv</., 42, 44, 80, 83; Franklin crossing on, II., 91, 97, 105, 100. 109, 1 13, 124, 128; skirmish on, II., 320; IV., 84 89, 91, 92, 190, 192, 203, 228: V., 21, 34 seq., 38; pontoniers on the, V., 219, 232, 244, 280, 290; VL, 314, 318, 320; VIL, 41, 42, 208; VIIL, 100, 323; at Fredericks- burg, Va., IX., 193. Rappahannock Station, Va.: II.,
342, 340; IV., 89, 193; V., 233. Rappahannock, C. S. S., VL, 2!)0. Raritan, U. S. S., VL, 54. Rasier, F. W., IX., 345. Rassieur, L.. X., 290. Rations: "On the hoof," VIIL, 50;
serving out of, VIIL, 213. Rattler, U. S. S., VL, 208. Rawlins, J. A.: with Gen. Grant at City Point, Va., I., 81, 181; III., 81; IV., 210; horse of, IV., 303; IX., 113; X., 31, 47, 49. Raymond, Miss, II., 189, 21S, 334,
340.
Rea, J. P., X., 290. Read.C.W.: VI., 292, 318; VIL, 139. Read, J., VIL, 18. Read, T., X., 141.
Read, T. B.: IV., 297, 310; "Sheri dan's Ride," IX., 70. Reagan, J. II., X., 13. Reams Station, Va., III., 197, 201,
208, 330.
Reaney, H., VL, 166. Reconstruction: IX., 18, 298, 305,
308, 310, 313, 324, 325. Records of the War between the
States, L, 102-111.
Recruits: Southern, better marks men and horsemen, VIIL, 148.
Rectortown, Va. : McClellan re lieved of command of army at, II., 57, 348.
Red Hill, Georgetown, D. C.: signal camp of instruction at, VIIL, 306, 307; United States Signal Service Corps, VIIL, 308,
309, 313, 322; signal camp at, VIIL, 339.
"Redhot Battery," McCarthy's battery, Company C, First Pennsylvania artillery, L, 291.
Red House Landing, Va., VIIL, 259.
"Red-legged Fifty-fifth, "VIIL, 72.
"Red Men Who Suffered in Si lence," VIL, 254.
Red Mound, Tenn., II., 328.
Red River: L, 72; Col. Bailey's wonderful dam on, L, 78, 79; II., 200, 209, 225; VI., 147, 148, 207, 217, 225, 227, 232, 318, 320, 322; VIL, 90.
Red River Dam, L, 74, 78, 79.
Red River expedition: L, 77 seq.; VL, 64, 234; VIIL, 251.
[348]
RED RIVER FLEET
INDEX
ROSS1TER
Red River fleet, U. S. S., VI., 320.
Red Rover, V. S. hospital boat: I., 243; II., 193; VI., 218; at Vicks- burg, Miss., VII., 307; 3IS; med ical staff of, VII., 318, 319, 320.
Red way, G. W.: quoted, X., 134.
Redwood, Allen C.: VIII., 9, 138; quoted, VIII., 151, 15S, 173, 177; X., 7, 27, 28; " Stonewall Jackson — a memory," X., QSseq.
Reed, W. H., quoted, VII., 185.
Reelfoot Lake, Tenn., I., 220.
Rees, H., III., 200.
Rees, photographer, VII., 57.
Reeve, I. V. D., VII., 30.
•'Refugee": natives and "intelli gent contrabands," VIII., IS.
' 'Regular" troops, numberof Union, in '61, VIII., 222.
Reid's battery, Confederate, I., 350.
R. E. Lee, C. S. S., VI., 109.
Relief afforded the army by sani tary commission, VII., 334.
Relief, V. S. S., VI., 50.
Reliance, C. S. S., VI., 310.
Reliance, U. 8. S., VI., 308, 320.
Religious services on the field, VIII., 100, T>(;.
"Reminiscences of the Civil War," J. B. Gordon, II., 294.
' 'Reminiscences," Julia Ward Howe, IX., 154.
"Remount depot," Giesboro, D. C., IV., 68.
Reno, J. L.: II., 40, 50, 51, 60, 322, 324; X., 131, 20*.
Renshaw, F. B., VI., 192.
Renshaw, W. B., VI., 316.
Republic, V. S. S., III., 342.
Republic Port, Va., IV., 102.
Repair shops in army, VIII., 40.
Resaca, Ga.: III., 108, 109, 218, 224, 248, 320; entrenchments at, IX., 167.
Resaca de la Palma, Mexico, IV., 24.
Resolute, C. S. S. VI., 192.
Resolute, U. S. S.: VI., 96, 97, 99, 308.
"Restoration of 1660," IX., 12S.
"Reunion, spirit of," X., 138.
Reveillie, U. S. S., II., 163.
Revere, E. H. R., VII., 217.
Revere, J. W., X., 219.
Revere, P. J., VII., 47.
"Review at Washington, D. C.": III., 345; of Twentieth army corps, III., 347.
Review stands, Washington D. C., IX., 2>9.
Reynolds, A. W., IV., 274. X., 321.
Reynolds, C'. W., quoted, VII., 75.
Reynolds, D. H., X., 259.
Reynolds. J. F.: I., 75; spot whore killed at Gettysburg, Pa., I., 75; II., 40, 88, 91, 108, 177, 241 seq., 259, 282, 322, 328, 334; VIIL, 232; death of, IX., 223: X., 129, 188.
Reynolds, J. J., X., 160, 185, 204.
Reynolds, W., VI., 127.
Rh'ind, A. C.. VI., 121, 315.
Rhode Island: population in 1860, VIII., 59; number troops lost from, VIIL, 59; number troops furnished by, VIIL, 59.
Rhode Island troops:
Artillery: At Bull Run, Va., V., 20; First, II., 65; V., 47; Third, L, 366; II., 350; colored, III., 340; V., 147.
Cavalry: First, L, 364; II., 25, 336; IV., 88, 233; Second, Dragoons, L, 350; Third, II., 352; Seventh, II., 324.
Infantry: First, L, 44, 141, 34S; II., 332; leaving Providence, R. I., VIIL, 60; Burnside and staff, VIIL, 61; IX., 09; Second, L, 348; Third, L, 360, 366; II., 326; Fourth, L, 356, 358; Fifth, L, 356, 358; IX., 68, 71.
Rhode Inland, U. S. S.: III., 342; VI., 105; officers on deck of, VI., 113.
Rhodes, C. D.: IV., 46, 120, 132, 168, 186, 220, 322.
Rhodes, J. F.: VII., 24, 50; opinion of, regarding the food and cloth ing of U. S. army, VIIL, 56.
Rice, A. V.. X., 231.
Rice. E. W., X., 205.
Rice, J.C.: II., 253; III.,58;X., 139.
Rice, S. A., X., 139.
Rice, W., IX., 328, 329.
Rich Mountain, Va.: I., 348; VII., 30.
[2n ED.]
Richardson, A. D., VII., 146.
Richardson, I. B.: L, 280, 325; II., 67, 72, 324 ; X., 131.
Richardson, R. V., X., 297.
Richardson, war correspondent, New York Tribune, General Sherman's reference to, VIIL, 29.
Richardson, Fort, Va. (see Fort Richardson near Savage Station, Va.,and Fort Richardson, Arling ton Heights, Va.).
Richmond, Ky.: II., 322; losses at, X., 142, 156.
Richmond, La., VI., 316.
Richmond, Va.: L, 51, 94, 124, 126 seq., 127, 144, 145, 283; Union Army within five miles of, L, 391, 366; in ruins, L, 123; the struggle for, I., 251 seq.; Confederate cap- itol, L, 283; II., 22, 39, 66, 104, 105, 111, 350; III., 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 33, 188, 214, 221, 224, 288; ruins of, III., 298 seq. ; capital of the Confederacy fallen, III., 298, 299; desolation and ruin in, April, 1865; III., 298, 299, 300, 302; riot, explosion, fires in, April 2d, and 3d, 1865, III., 302, 304, 305; arsenal at, III., 317. 339 seq., 335; s')ine scenes of destruction at, III., 339, 341; Exchange Bank, III., 341; ruins of Gallego Flour Mills, III., 341; views of, III., 341, 343 seq.; Union cavalrymen in, IV., 121, 122; Dahlgren's raid on, IV., 123, 124; smoking ruins of, IV.,255;V., 12; Tredegar Mills, V., 56, 104, 156, 157, 158..164, 166; arsenal at, V., 166: Tredegar Iron Works, V., 166, 191; arsenal, V., 168; arsenal, ordnance issued from, V., 168; arsenal, V., 170; laboratory for small ammunition, V., 182; grape shot in, V., 191; mortar shells, V., 191; solid shot, V., 191; ruins in, V., 181, 216, 234, 248, 264; Ardund map, Confederate,V., 264; defense of, V., 303: capitol at, V., 303, 304; arsenal, after fire, V., 307; Tredegar Iron Works, V., 307; defenses of, V., 313; for tifications of, V., 314. 316; the fall of, V., 318; negro refugees in, V., 319; map of defenses of, V., 322; VI., 59; Tredegar Iron Works, VI., 76, 90, 114, 132, 139, 162, 165, 265, 289, 314, 317; Libby Prison, VII., 19, 25 seq., 36 seq., 38, 45, 55, 57 seq.; Belle Isle Prison, VII., 61; capitol at, VII., 61; prison in, VII., 78; Libby Prison,VII.,91; Libby Prison after the war, VII., 93; Libby Prison, 1865, when used as prison for Confederates, VII., 94,121; Libby Prison, 1865, VII., 121; prisons in, VII., 136; Libby Prison, VII., 143, 160, 104 seq.; "Castle Thun der" prison at, VII., 199; ruins in, VII., 237, 238, 239 seq.; Chim- borazo Hospital, VII., 243; City Hospital, VII., 243, 349;VIIL, 40, 51,109,127; ruins of Tredegarlron Works at, VIII., 133, 150 seq., 158 seq., 198; Libby Prison, Iowa Fourteenth Infantry, VIIL, 251, 252; fall of, VIIL, 254, 288 seq., 324 seq., 343 seq., 352 seq.; U. S. military telegraph operators in, VIIL, 363; U. S. telegraph con struction train in, VIIL, 367; Richmond Paper Mill and rail road rebuilt, IX., 325; statue of George Washington at, IX., 228; Washington's headquarters in, IX., 228; St. John's Church at, IX., 229; ruins, 1865, IX., 231; Hollywood cemetery at, IX., 283; Henry Clay monument in, IX., 285; Gallego Flour Mills at, IX., 306; Southern express office, IX., 306; mill on James River and Kanawha Canal, IX., 306; Rich mond and Petersburg railroad station at, IX., 306; remains of cars near the station, IX., 306; residences in ruins, IX., 307 ; ruins of paper mill (1805), IX., 324; ruins in, IX., 324; residence of Robert E. Lee, X.,51.; visited by Massachusetts troops, X., 138.
Richmond, C. S. S., formerly the George Page, C. S. S., VI., 84, 89, 175, 265.
Richmond, U. S. S.: L, 227, 229 seq.;
II., 219; V., 57; VI., 48, 189, 190; 217, 251, 252; VIIL, 157, 303.
"Richmond," horse of R. E. Lee, IV., 300.
Richmond-Chattanooga Railroad, L, 116.
Richmond Inquirer, The, Richmond Va., V., 15, 170.
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Po tomac Railroad, Va.: II., 85; bridge, V., 273.
"Richmond Howitzers," of Rich mond, Va., V., 58.
Richmond and Petersburg Rail road, III., 320; station of, IX., 308; bridge, ruins of, IX., 301.
Richmond and York River Railroad: L, 288, 299, 315; gun mounted on car wheels on, L, 325; bridge of, over the Pamunkey River de stroyed by Gen. McClellan, I., 317.
Richmond Railroad, Va., III., 298.
Ricketts, J. B.: L, 151, 159, 162; II., 32, 46, 63; field batteries, V., 18 seq.; 19, 20 seq.; battery of, VIIL, 78; IX., 266.
"Ride around McClellan," Stuart's first great raid, June 13-15, 1862, IV., 85.
Ridgely, D. B., VI., 123.
Rienzi, Miss., II., 340.
"Rienzi," horse of P. H. Sheridan, IV., 30H seq.
Rifles: Springfield and Enfield models, V., 129; caliber of, V., 130; muzzle-loader, V., 130; breech-loading and repeating, V., 132; Spencer model, V., 132, 134; Spencer, compared with Springfield model, V., 134; James model, V., 135; Brooks model, V., 143; Parrott model, V., 143, 154; Springfield model, V., 148, 160; magazine, V., 174; breech-load ing, V., 194; replacing muskets, VIIL, 186.
Rinal'lo, H. M. S., reception of Con federate Commission on, VI., 312.
Ringgold, C., VI., 19.
Ringgold, C. W., VII., 133.
Ringgold, Ga.: W. P. Carlin and staff at, II., 169, 276, 309, 346; headquarters of General Thomas at, III., 107; camp at, IX., 170.
Ringgold's Penn. Cavalry, L, 354; II., 348.
Rio Grande River, Tex., VI.,39,110.
Ripley, E. H., X., 307.
Ripley, J., V., 126.
Ripley, R. S.: II., 67, 320, 324; V., 134, 183, 261 ;X., 109.
Ripley, Miss., II., 346.
River Defense Fleet: Confederate, L, 240, 362; destruction of, VI., 35, 83, 85, 222; organization of, VI.,83, 85; failure of, VI., 85, 192; on the Mississippi, VI., 220, 314.
"River of Death," meaning of In dian word " Chickamauga," II., 270.
River steamers: importance of, in military operations in the West, II., 162, 163.
Rivers' Bridge, S. C., III., 342.
Rives' cavalry, Confederate, L, 350.
R. J. Breckenridge, C. S. S., VI., 192.
Roads: during the Civil War, VIIL, 21; condition of, VIIL, 34, 36.
Roane, J. S., X., 257.
Roanoke, C. S. S., VI., 181.
Roanoke, U. S. S., VI., 48, 156 seq.
Roanoke Island, N. C.: L, 356; VI., 268; IX., 69.
Roanoke River, N. C.: III., 318; VI., 199, 264, 322.
"Robert E. Lee," poem by Julia Ward Howe, IX., 122.
Robert E. Lee, C. S. S., VI., 108, 124.
Robert Morris, U. S. S., L, 273.
Roberts, B. S., X., 307.
Roberts, D. J.: VII., 9, 238, 256, 278, 349; X., 27.
Roberts, G. W., VI., 312.
Roberts, W. P., X., 281.
Robertson, R. II., IV., 72, 104.
Robertson, F. H., X., 315.
Robertson, J. B., X.. 315.
Robertson, J. M.,I.,287;V., 15, 35,37.
Robertson, J. P., VI., 127.
Robertson Hospital, Richmond, Va., VII. , 290.
Robertson River, Va., II., 26.
Robertson Tavern, Va., II., 346.
Robertson's Battery, L, 281.
Robertson's Ford, Va., III., 30. Robinson, J.C. : III., 54 ; X., 225,296. Robinson, J. S., X., 233. Robinson, W., VI., 301. Robinson House, Bull Run, Va.,
L, 157.
Roche, J. J., IX., 204 seq. Roche, T. G., L, 42. "Rock of Chickamauga," name
given to General Thomas, II.,
288; X., 122.
Rock Creek, D. C., V., 94 ; VIIL, 98. Rock Creek, Pa., II., 238. Rock Hill, Va., IV., 243. Rock Island, III.: arsenal at, V., 146;
prison, VII., 44, 66, 82, 168; VIIL,
82.
Rock Spring, Ga., VI., 147. ' 'Rockbridge Artillery," of Virginia,
V., 73.
Rockville, Md., II., 344. Rockwood, G. G., L, 46, 48 seq. Rocky Face. Ga., II., 350. Rocky Face Gap, Ga., III., 108. Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., III., 108,
318.
Rocky Gap, Ky., II., 330, 342. Roddey, P. D.^ X., 253. Rodenbough, T. F.: quoted, III.,
100; IV., 7, 16; quoted, IV., 109,
202, 292; X., 25. Rodes, R. E.: II., 324; III., 152,
320, 330, 332; quoted, VIIL, 120;
IX., 201; X., 145, 282. Rodgers, C. R. P.: IL, 347, 351; IV.,
47, 127, 270; VIIL, 335 Rodgers, G. W., VI., 44, 173. Rodgers, J.: L, 189, 333; V., 312;
VI., 139, 171, 182,212,272, 312. Rodgers, L., IV., 113. Rodgers Battery, Va.: V., 85, 87. Rodman, I. P.: IL, 74, 75, 76, 324;
V., 87; X., 133. Rodman, T., V., 137. Rodman guns: smooth bore, V., 87,
89.
Rogers, H. C., X., 229. Rogers, W. P.: IL, 141, 156, 160;
dead body of, IL, 145. Rogersville, Tenn., IL, 346. "Roll Call," N. G. Shepherd, IX.,
136, 137.
Rolling Fork, Ky., IV., 150, 154. Rolling Fork River, Ky., IV., 150. Roman, Arthur, VIIL, 169. Roman Catholic sisterhood, hospi tal work of, VII., 296. Rome, Ga.: IL, 276, 332; III., 112,
216, 220, 320; VIL, 145. Romeo, U. S. S., VI., 208. Romney, W. Va., L, 348, 352, 354. Rontzohn's photograph gallery,
Winchester, Va., General Jackson
at, X., 101. Rood, F. M., L, 50. Rood's Hill, Va., III., 338. Rooney, J. J., IX., 322. Roosevelt. Theodore, VIIL, 112;
X., 138.
Root, E., L, 104. Root, G. F., IX., 342, 350. Roper Hospital, Charleston, S. C.,
VIL, 161. Ropes, J. C.: L, 282; IL, 38; V., 34
seq. ; IX., 56. Rorty, J., IX., 217. Rose, T. E.: VIL, 60, 137 seq., 145,
152. Rosecrans, W. S.: L, 132, 136; IL,
9, 140 seq., 142 seq., 148 seq., 150,
160, 166 seq., 178, 270 seq., 272
seq., 288, 294 324, 328, 340, 344;
IV., 34, 144, 147, 151 Destruction
of wagon train by, IV., 158, 159,
160, 162, 164, 214, 254; V., 135,
206, 208, 292, 296; VI., 230; VIL,
233; IX., 101; with staff, X., 19,
122, 172, 173. Rosencranz, Lieut., Swedish officer
on McClellan's staff, L, 113. Roseville, Ark., IL, 352. Ross, C., L, 241. Ross, E. W., VIL, 57. Ross, J., home of, IL, 287. Ross, L. F., X., 201. Ross, L. S., dead body of, IL, 145,
330; X., 313. Ross, Texas rangers, Confederates,
L, 358. Rosser, T. L.: IL, 348; III., 160,
164, 332, 344; IV., 73, 87, 106,
108, 110, 112, 114, 171, 251, 252. Rosser's Battery, Confederate, I.,
350. Roasiter, C., VIL, 125.
[349]
ROSSVILLE GAP
Kossville Gap, Tcnn.: headquarters
of General Gordon Granger. II.,
2N7; Union army crosses, IX., 10! . Roster of general officers, Uni >n
arid Confederate, X., 301; Union
army, X., 30->~317; Confederate
array, X., 318-321. "H .nisili surgery in the field, VII.,
252, 253.
Round Hill. Ark., I., 308. Bound rop,Getty8burg,Pa.,IL,«81. Rousseau, L. H.: II., 174; III., 320,
330, 340; IV., 254, 287 srq.; VII.,
215.
Kouth, .1. W., surgeon, X., 292. Hover, Tcnn., II., 330. Rowan, S. C.: VI., 03, !»4, 95, 08, 270. Kowlett. P. F., VIII., 113. Hewlett's Station, Ky., I., 354. It >.vley, T. 11.. X., 293. Koynl Yacht, C. 8. S., I., 354; VI.,
45; VI., 208. Royall, W. H., IV., 85. Roziene, F. A., I., 14. Ruby, C. S. S., VI., 107. Ruckstuhl, F. W., IX.,311. Ruger.T.H.: II., 250,258; IIL.344;
X., 87. Ruggles, D.: I., 358, 362; VII., 40;
X., 317.
Rush, R. H., IV., 25, 75. Rush Hawkins' Zouaves, VIII., 229. Rush's Lancers (see also Sixth
Cavalry, Pa.), IV., 56, 74. Rusk, J. M., X., 309. Russel, A., VIII., 169. Russel, J. H., VI., 51, 100, 268, 310. Russell, A. A., IV., 160 Russell, A. .!.: L, 42; III., 145; V.,
10, 273; IX., 103, 195, 197. Russell, D. A.: III., 152, 154, 332;
X., 133.
Russell, T., VIIL, 169. Russell, W. H., author of "Bull
Run," L, 30. Russia, Czar of, messenger from,
VI., 31.
Rust, A., L, 368; X., 257. Rut, edKe, A. M., V., 65. Rutledge. W. J., X., 292. Rutledge 8 Mattery, Term., V., 65. Ryan. Father, IX., 240, 245. Ryan, M. B., X., 47.
Sabine Cross Roads, La.: II., 352; VI., 227.
Sabine Pass.Texas: VI., 316,320,322.
Sabine, U. S. S., VI., 19, 163, 270.
Sachem, U. S. S., II., 330; VI., 320.
Sackett, D. B., I., 331.
Sacramento, Ky., I., 350.
Sacramento, V. S. S., VI., 295, 298.
Sailor's Creek, Va : III., 306, 346; IV., 87, 258; V., 208.
St. Augustine, Fla. : I., 35; Fort Marion at, II., 347, 348,349, 351; VI., 312.
St. Charles, Ark.: I., 306; II., 194; VI., 222, 314.
St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans, La., VIIL, 211.
».CZotr,U.8.8.,VL.318.
St. James' Church, Va., IV., 224.
St.. John, I. M.,V., 170; X., 265.
St. John, X. B., VI., 133.
St. John's Bluff, Fla., VI., 121, 310.
St. John's River, Fla.: VI., 23, 310, 320.
S'. Lawrence, U. S. S.: VI., 82, 150, 268, 300.
St. Louis, Mo.: L, 172 seq. • Camp Jackson at, I., 173; IV., 328; V., 144; arsenal, V., 154; Gratiot Street, Prison, VII., 65; basis of supplies, VIIL, 32; army repair shops, VIIL, 40; raises a large force to defend the I'nion, VIIL, 74, 82, 200.
St. Louis. I". S. S.: L, 182 seq., 185, 187 seq., 222; a veteran of many river fights, I., 223 seq.. 350, 302, 300; VI., 214, 216, 220. 222, 312.
St. Marcus, castle of, St. Augustine, Fla., II., 347.
St. Mark's River, Fla., VI., 314.
St. Mary's River, Fla., II., 350.
St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, Va., VII., 234.
St. Peter's Church, near New Kent Court House, Va.: Gen'l Simmer and staff at, L, 297; church in which Washington was married, IX., 228.
INDEX
St. Philip. Fort, La. (sec also Fort
St. Philip, La.): L, 220, 227, 228,
230, 234.
St. Pierre, Martinique, VI., 203. St Thomas' Church, New York
City, X., 15. Salamis, L, 30. Salem, Ark., I., 358. Salem, Mo., L, 354. Salem, Va., III., 324. Salem Chapel, Va., fight at, IX., 193. Salem Church. Va.: IH.,322; X., 138. Salem Heights. Va., II., 334. Saline River, Ark., II., 352. Salisbury. N. C.: VII., 40, 88, 92,
114, 126, 142, 114. Salisbury, Term., II., 346. Salkahatchie, S. ('., III., 312. Salm-Salm, Prince Felix: I., 309;
V., 292.
Salomon, F., X., 309. Saltpeter: reserve supnlv of, V., 144. Saltville, Va., III., 332. 340. "Sam," horse of Gen'l Sherman,
IV., 306.
Samaria Church, Va., III., 324. "Sambo's Right to be Kilt," C. G.
Halpine, IX., 173, 170. Samuel Orr, U. S. S., VI., 310. San Antonio, Texas: V., 166; VII.,
30; VIIL, 70. San Augustine Springs, N. Mex. (see
Fort Fillmore, N. Mex.), L, 350. San Jacinto, U. S. S.: I., 354; VI.,
125, 291, 310.
San Lucas Spring, Texas, VII., 30. Sanborn, J. B., L, 147. Sanborn, W., X., 217. Sand battery on Gulf Coast, VIIL,
161.
Sand-bag fortifications of Confed erates at Yorktown, Va., L, 265. Sanders, Capt., C. S. A., VII., 123. Sanders, W. 1'., II., 340; X., 139. Sanders, W. W., L, 147. Sanderson, J. M., VII., 45, 55. Sandersville, Ga., III., 33 S. Sands, B. F., VI., 61. Sandusky Bay, Ohio: prison at, VII.,
44; Fort Johnson in, VIL, 69. Sanford, K. S., VIIL, 344, 346 seq. Sanger, E. F., VIL, 77, 149, 107. Sansrer, W. D., I., 248. Sanitary Commission (seo also
United States S.mitary Com mission), VIL, 17 seq. Sanitation: work of , in camp, VIIL,
231.
Santa Fe, N. Mex., L, 300. Santa Rosa, Fla., L, 352. Santa Rosa Island, Fla.: VI., Ill;
VIIL, 150. Santee, U. S. S.: I., 354; VI., 44, 45,
208, 310. Santiago de Cuba, U. S. S.: III.,
342; IV., 21, 123. Saracens, L, 30. Saratoga, V. S. S., VI., 49, 65. Sartoris, Nellie G., IX., 119. Sassacus, U. S. S., III., 318, 342. Satellite, U. S. S., VI., 320. Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia,
Pa., VIL, 295. Saitgus, U. S. S.: III., 340; VL, 130,
131.
Saunders, J. C., X., 155. Saunders, R., VIL, 139. Saunders' Cavalry, Confederates,
L, 356.
Saussure, W. D. de, L, 103. Savage, J., IX., 348. Savage's Station, Va.: L, 288, 291,
293, 301, 323, 324, 325, 327, 332,
366; III., 199; V., 30 seq.; VIIL,
356. Savannah, Ga.: L, 42, 82, 94, 361;
III., 214, 221, 224, 226, 229;
ruins at, III., 237 seq., 238;
wagon trains at, III., 239 seq.,
244; siege of, III., 340, 345; V.,
164; VI., 17, 23, 24, 34, 114, 308,
312; VIL, 86; Federal wounded
at, VIL, 103, 122, 139; VIIL,
220; evacuation of, VIIL, 334,
336, 337; plantation near, IX.,
53; the capture of, IX., 169, 171.
Savannah, Tenn., I., 198, 203.
Savannah, C. S. S.: VI., 75, 84, 122;
VIL, 34, 47. Savannah River, Ga.: L, SO- V.,
147; VL, 236; IX., 171. Sawyer, C. C., IX., 351. Sawyer, F., X., 237. Sawyer, Fort, Va. (see also Fort Sawyer, Va.), L, 119.
Sawyer, Va., battery, L, 11!).
Saxon, C. S. S., VL, 309.
Saxton, R., IV., 102.
Scales, A. M., X., 281.
Scammon, E. P.: II., 43, 75; X., 231.
Scandinavians: recruits in Wis consin regiments, VIIL, 75.
Scarey Creek, W. Va., I., 348.
"Scenes from Soldier Life," IX., 123.
Scheibert, Major (German En gineer Corps), X., 130.
Scheier, photographer, VIIL, 171.
Scherick, R. C., L, 308; X., 185, 206.
Sehimmelfennig, A., X., 293.
Schleiden, Hanseatic Minister, VL, 25.
Schmidt, C., IV., 337.
Schoepf, A. A., VIL, 58, 65.
Schoficld, G. W., III., 20, 201, 216.
Schofield, J. M.: L, 128; III., 106, 108, 124, 132, 134, 248, 251, 252, 254, 255, 25(i, 258, 260, 264, 287, 318, 320, 322, 326, 344; V., 216, 254 ;X., 173, 174.
"School of the Soldier," VIIL, 179seq.
Schroeder, P., VL, 301.
Schuitz, G. J., X., 2.
Schurz, C.: II., 49, 117, 246; IV., 52; IX., 28; X., 23, 24, 214.
Schwab, J. C., L, 00.
Schweinler, C., I., 10.
Sciota, U. S. S.: L, 229; VI., 190, 193.
Scollard, C., IX., 68, 69, 70, 71.
Scott, G. W., II., 69.
Scott, R. K., X., 237.
Scott, R. N., L, 104.
Scott, R. U., VI., 121.
Scott, S., VIIL, 237.
Scott, T. A.: VL, 24 ; VIIL, 344, 356.
Scott, T. M.: III., 340; X., 271.
Scott, W.: L, 144, 150, 170, 174; IV., 50; V., 18 seq., 80 seq., 92; VIL, 50, 347; gathers a tew guns in Washington, D. C., VIIL, 70; IX., 285; X., 56, 104,165.
Scott, Mrs. W., X., 165.
Scott, W. C., L, 306.
Scott's Bluff, Va., L, 44; VIIL, 297.
Scott's Run, fight at, IX., 65.
Scouting: IV., 192-196; develop ment of, during the war, IV., 192; mental qualities necessary for, as well as physical courage and endurance, IV., 192; value of, to Union cause appreciated by Sheridan, IV., 194.
Scouts: Confederate under Coop- wood (Texas), L, 352; IV., 186; Confederate officers as, IV., 1!)4; loyal inhabitants of border states in the capacity of, IV., 194; Union, employment of, after the Shenandoah Valley campaign, IV., 194; Union under Sheridan, equipment and work of, IV., 194, 196; guides of the Army of the Potomac, VIIL, 19; mounted, VIIL, 261; Army of the Potomac, VIIL, 267, 281; Chief Hale and "Tinker Dave" Beatty, VIIL, 275; Federal, 289; Confederate, VIIL, 295.
Scribuer's Monthly, IX., 37.
Scruggs, J. P., VIL, 147.
Scuclder, H., IX., 260.
Scully, Father, VIIL, 101.
Scurry, W. R., X., 153.
Sea Power, VIIL, 134.
Sea Wing, C. S. S., VL, 296.
Seabird, C. S. S., L, 356; VL, 264.
Seabrook, J. E., manor house of,
I., 359.
Seabrook Point, S. C.: mock bat tery at, VIIL, 183. Seamen, U. S.: number of, at be ginning and end of Civil War, VL, 63; difficulty of recruiting in West, VL, 63, 210; on Moni tor, VL, 163, 183; Farragut's opinion of, VL, 187; morals of, on Hartford, VL, 87, 242; on Richmond, VL, 189; gun drill of, VL, 192, 263; on Western rivers, VL, 210, 211, 285, 286; in land assault on Fort Fisher, VL, 248, 257, 259; number increased in 1861, VL, 262; duties of powder monkey, VL, 277; amusements of, VL, 278, 279, 281; nationality of, VL, 279; prize money of, VL, 284, 286; on Kearsarge, VL, 300; gunnery of, on Kearsarf/e,VI., 303. Search-Light Library of New York, L, 18.
SEALER
Searcy Landing, Ark., L, 364. Sears,' C. W., X., 275. Sebastopol, Turkey, L, 239. "Secesh," Confederate horse, IV.,
81. Secession ville, James Island, S. C.:
I., 366; II., 327, 329. Second Bull Run, Va.: VIIL, 18; battle of, VIIL, 03, 87, 00, 232. "Second Inaugural Address,"
Abraham Lincoln, IX., 28, 250. ' 'Second Review of the Grand
Army," F. Bret Hurte, IX., 35. Secret Service: Confederate, L, 25; gallery of, at Baton Rouge, La., L, 31; Brady under the protection of, L, 40; II., 77; of the army (Union), chief of the, III., 35; Confederate photography in, VL, 17; VIIL, 4; preface to, VIIL, 11, 14 seq., 19, 23, 24 seq., 26; of the Federal armies, VIIL, 261 seq.; chief and some of his men, VIIL, 262-263, 268; of the Federal army, VIIL, 260 seq.; organiza tion', Federal, VIIL, 200; agents' work, VIIL, 272; usefulness, instances of, VIIL, 278- 282, 288, 290, 300, 304; headquarters of, VIIL, 283; house accupied by, at City Point, Va., VIIL, 283: differ ence between scouts and spies, VIIL, 284; of the Confederacy, VIIL, 285 xeq.: organization, Con federate, VIIL, 286; Federal.VIIL, 302; Federal, excellence of, VIIL, 302. (See also "Military Infor mation," "Scouts," "Spy.") Secret societies, rumors of their op position to the Federal Govern ment, VIL, 204.
Sedan, France, battle at, I., 130. Seddon, J. A., X., 13. Sedgwick, J.: L, 294, 296, 325, 331; II., 61, 65, 70, 74, 98, 108, 110; with staff, II., 113, 120, 126, 12S, 228, 324, 334, 340; III., 30, 34, 36, 40,41, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 56, 70, 318, 320; IV., 43; V., 16; VIIL, 198, 246; death of, VIIL, 252, 298: IX., 193, 197; X., 129, 202. Sedgwick, Fort, Va. (see also Fort
Sedgwick, Va.), I., 285. Selfridge, T. O., L, 225: VI., 147. Selma, Ala.: III., 344; IV., 130, 139; V., 106; arsenal at, V., 170; captured, IX., 247. Selma, C. S. S., VL, 252, 254 seq. Seminary Hospital, Georgetown,
D. C.,' VIL, 283. Seminary Ridge, Gettysburg, Pa..
243, 200.
Seminole, U. S. S., VL, 48. Seminole Indians, IV., 22. Semmes, P. J., X., 153. Semrnes, R.: V., 158; VL, 80, 287, 289, 290, 293, 204, 301, 302, 304, 320; IX., 340 seq., 346. Semmes' Battery, Confederate, II.,
320.
Seneca, U. S. S., III., 342; VL, 312. "Separation and Reunion," IX., 44
seq.
Sequatchie Valley, Tenn., IV., 214. "Sergeant and sentry guard," Long
Bridge, Va., VIIL, 81.
Seven Days' Battles: L, 83, 132,
299, 311, 312 seq., 319, 320, 337;
military result of, I..338, 340, 341,
342, 300; IV., 238; V., 33, 66;
VIL, 233; VIIL, 346, 382; IX., 75,
79,144; fight ingaround Richmond,
X., 64, 142; losses at, X., 142, 156.
Seven Pines, Va.(see also Fair Oaks,
Va.): L, 122; farm house at, used
as a hospital, L, 277, 282, 288,
291, 202, 364; V., 304, 314; VIL,
102; battle of, IX., 59.
Seventh Street Road, D. C., V.,
94, 106.
Seward, W. H.: VL, 25; VIL, 192; quoted, VIL, 190, 205; attempt at assassination of, VIL, 211; VIIL, 94, 278; X., 12. Sewell's Point, Va.: VL, 164, 105, 172, 180; Confederate battery at, VL, 308, 314. Sexton, J. A., X., 290. Sexton, J. W., VIL, 17. Seymour, T.: III., 42, 50; X., 307. Seymour, U. S. S.: L, 356; III., 318. Shackelford, J. M.: II., 340, 342,
344, 348; X., 207. Shafter, W. R., X., 215. Shaler, A.: III., 50; X., 227.
[ 350 ]
SHAM BATTLE
INDEX
SOUTH CAROLINA
Sham buttle near Missionary Ridge, Tenn., VIII., 205.
Shsuily, C. IX, IX., 22.
Sharp, .1. H., X., 275.
Sharpe, G. H.: horses of, IV., 311; put in charge of military informa tion bureau, VIII., 264, 2(15, 270; headquarters of, at Brandy Sta tion, Va., VIII., 279, 289.
Sharpsburg, Mil. (see als:> Antie- tam, Md.): I., 53; II., 58 seg., 59 seq., 70 seq., 73: Lutheran Church, Main Street, II., 75, 324; IV., 92: V., 72; IX., 190; X., 04, 122; losses at, X., 124, 142.
Sharpshooters: at Gettysburg, Pa., IX., 207.
Shaup, F. A., X., 261.
Shaw, A., X., 7.
Shaw, A. D., X., 296.
Shaw, H. B., capture of, VIII., 292.
Shaw, W. B.: I., 10; VIII., 9, 42.
Shawnee Mound, Mo. (.see also Milford, Mo.), I., 354.
Shnwseen, V. S. S., I., 356.
"Shebang": U. S. Sanitary Com mission quarters at Brandy Station. Va., VII., 335.
Sheffield, Mr., attache British Minister, VI., 25.
Shelby, J. O.: II., 340, 344, 352; IV.", 20; VI., 223; X., 279.
Shelby's Cavalry, Confederate, I., 358"; II., 324.
Shelbyville, Tenn.: L, 130; II., 17S.
Shelley, C. M., X., 253.
Shells: with polygonal cavities, V., 168; effect of, V., ISO; varieties of, V., 190 seq.
Shenandoah, C. S. S., VI., 290.
Shenandoah, V. S. S., III., 342.
Shenandoah River, Va., II., C').
Shenandoah Valley, Va.: I., 121, 140, 301; Confederate prisoners captured in, I., 303, 304 seq., 3(H; campaign, I., 307; II., 39, 50; Southern raids through the, III., IS; last conflicts in the, III., 139- 108, 140, 144; devastation in, by the Union troops, III., 100; IV., 194; campaign, V., 27; Sixth Ver mont in, VIII., 05, 87, 89; cam paign, VIII., 12S, 326; IX., 87.
Shephard, I. F., X., 217.
Shepherd, L. M.. IX., 19.
Shepherd, N. G., IX., 130, 13$.
Shepherdstown, Md., II., 75, 76.
Shepherdstown, Va.: II., 324, 342; III., 144, 330.
Shepherdsville, Ky., IV., 250.
Shepley, G. F., X.', 211.
Sheridan, P. H.: II., 130, 171, 172, 275, 284 *eq., 306, 318; III., 20, 34, 37. 42, 00, 02, 72, 82, 84, 150, 150,
100, 102, 165, 166, 10S, 198, 280, 284, 294, 303, 312, 318, 320, 322, 332,342,340; IV., 10, 20, 21, 23, 24. 34, 41, 43, 50, 54, 57, 68, 98, 107, 108, 110, 114, 116, 120, 124; ruins of North Anna Bridge at end of raid by, IV., 125, 127, 128, 194, 196, 203, 209, 240, 242, 244, 249. 252, 255, 258; and staff, IV., 260, 261, 202, 263 seq., 310; V., 14, 27; scout system of, VIII., 26, 130, 193, 198, 235, 240, 320, 329; IX., 115, 155, 243, 313; X., 19, 40, 95, 177, 238.
"Sheridan's Ride," IX., 70.
Sherman, H., VI., 200.
Sherman, T. W.: I., 58, US, 354, 355,357; VI., 270, 310,313; X.,236.
Sherman, W.T. : L, 35, 50, 57,58, 59; closing event of his "march to the sea," I..80. 82,90, 117, 120, 124, 128, 129 spy., 130, 140,150,156,200,208, 248; H.,134, 173, 182. 191, 200,208, 212, 292, 290; Atlanta campaign, II., 317, 32S, 330, 332, 334; raid, II., 341; III., 15, 24, 25, 32, 100,
101, 104, 106-109, 113, 114, 110, 118, 124, 126, 128, 132-134, 137, 183, 210, 212-221, 223, 226-228 236-238, 244, 240-248, 251, 278, 280, 287, 310, 318, 322, 326, 328, 340, 346; IV., 198, 241, 254, 304, V., 46, 50, 194, 204, 208, 270, 298; " March to the Sea," VI., 1 14, 207, 221, 230, 236, 258; VII., 52, 84 112, 161 seq.. 175, 182, 203; VIII., 22; his criticism of the press, VIII., 29; accumulating supplies, VIII., 34, 102, 133, 134, 196, 206, 207; "March to the Sea," VIII., 210, 217, 219, 220; VIII., 238,
[2o ED.]
240, 248; Georgia campaign, VII., 249, 252, 300, 332 »eq., 334, 362; quoted, IX., 16, 53, 64, 95, 97, 106, 109, 115, 100, 107, 168, 169, 170, 171, 235, 201, 295, 304,
309, 312, 314, 317, 318, 323, 327, 342; his opinion of Grant, X., 32, 75, 76, 78; ancestors of, X., 78, 79, 80; promoted to West Point, X., 80; life in the South, X., 80; life in the West, X., 80, 81; admitted to bar,X.,S2; as banker, X., 82; as he appeared in 1S70, X., 83; Superin tendent Louisiana State Semin ary, X., 84; enters army, 1801, X., 86; at Bull Run, X., 86; mili tary career, X., 86; in Kentucky, X., 88; made a brigadier-general, X., 90; Atlanta campaign, X., 90; military qualifications of, X., 92; private property of, X.,94; death of, X., 96.
"Sherman," R. W. Gilder, IX., 100.
"Sherman's Bummers," VIII., 218.
"Sherman's March to the Sea": IX., 100 seq. ; X., 75-90.
Sherrick's House, Sharpsburg road, Md., II., 73.
Sherwood, K. B., IX., 93, 90, 103.
Shields, .!.: IV., 102, 104; X., 195.
Shields, S. A., I., 306, 310.
Shiloh, Tenn.: L, 95, 97. 122, 143; "The First Grand Battle," I., 193 seq.; the defenders of Grant's last line at, I., 194 seq., 199; Gen'l Grant's headquarters on the Ti gress at, L, 203; boats that turned the tide at, I , 203, 205 ; Federal re treat from, I., 214, 218, 224, 236, 360, 367; II., 166; IV., 241; V., 65; entrenchments, Federal lack of, at, V., 204; entrenchments, Federal, increased use of, after, V., 200; VI., 216; VIII., 32, 103, 119, 340; battle of, IX., 95, 97, 244, 343, 346; Corinth campaign, X., 88; losses at, X., 142, 156.
Ship Island, Miss.: VI., 186 seq.,
310, 312.
Ship No. 290, C. S. S., VI., 301.
Shims, A. K., VII., 330.
Shirk, J. W.: I., 205 geq., 248; VI., 312.
Shirley's residence, ' 'White House," Vieksburg, Miss., II., 201, 205.
" Shirt-sleeve fighters," VIIL, 228.
Shoes, poor quality of Federal, VIIL, S4.
Short, W., L, IS.
Shrady, G. F., VII., 226.
Shreveport, La.: I., 105; VI.,225,234.
Shufeldt, R. W., VI., 107.
Shuter's Hill, Va., V., 90.
Sibley, C. C., VII., 28.
Sibley, H. H., X., 254, 271.
Sickles, D. A., X., 290.
Sickles, D. E.: L, 18, 70, 71; II., 108, 114, 116 seq., 248, 340; head quarters at Trostle's House, Gettysburg, Pa., II., 247, 334; VIIL, 120; IX., 78; X., 181, 194.
Siebert, S. R., L, 42.
Siege gun : new kind of, III., 175.
Siege-trains, V., 26 seq.
Sigel, F.: L, 132, 367 seq.; II., 21, 322; III., 25, 140, 144, 289, 320, 320; IV., 34: VIIL, 368; IX., 348; X., 189, 214.
Sigfried J. K., X., 291.
Signal, U.S.S. :III.,318;VI.,221 ,239.
Signal Service, U. S. (see also U. S. Signal Service): Central station at Washington, D. C., VIIL, 305; camp of instruction ;at Red Hill, Georgetown, D. C., VIIL, 306, 307; experts in the service, VIIL, 308, 309; flags used by, VIIL, 308; instances of efficient service of, VIIL, 309, 317, 319, 321, 324, 320, 332, 338; towers used by, VIIL, 310, 311, 313, 315, 325,'331, 338; codes of, VIIL, 311, 314, 315, 310; code system invented, VIIL, 312; Confederate signal men in '61, VIIL, 313; alphabet of, VIIL, 314; stations on house tops, 317, 337; station on mountain tops, VIIL, 319, 320, 321, 324; signal men at work, VIIL, 320, 321, 323, 329; station in tree tops, VIIL, 322, 336, 338; "striking the Signal Corps Flag for the last time— August, 1865," VIIL, 339.
Signal Service: Confederate (see also
Confederate States of America),
VIIL, 313, 340; IX., 25. Signaling: with rockets or bombs,
VIIL, 320; on shipboard, VIIL,
330, 335; by sea, VIIL, 337. ' 'Silence": facsimile of poem written
at Johnson Island, ()., VII., 135. .Silk worth, W. W., X., 288. Sill, J. W., II., 172, 330: X., 137. Silver Lake, Fla., II., 350. Silrer Lake, U. S. S., VI., 209. Simmons, Colonel, X., 19. Simmonton, Capt., VIIL, 115. Simms, J. P., X., 265. Simons, .)., L, 181; VIIL, 147. Simpson, 10., VI., 200. Simpson, J. G., VI., 230. Sims, J., VIIL, 151. Simsport, La., VI., 318. Sinclair, A., VI., 301. Sinnott, H. T., IV., 166. Sioux war, 1801: destruction of life
and property during, VIIL, 79. Sisters' Ferry, Ga., III., 244. "Six Hundred, Charge of the." II.,
81. Six Mile House, Weldon Railroad,
Va., III., 330. Sixth Brigade, IV., 282. Slack, W. V., X., 149. Slaughter, J. E., X., 321. Slaughter, J. H., III., 346. Slaughter's house, Cedar Mountain,
Va., II., 29.
Slaughter Mountain, Va., II., 20. Slavery: not the South's reason for
fighting, VIIL, 110; IX., 294,
316; X., 134. Sledd, B., IX., 190. "Sledge of Nashville": name given
to General Thomas, III., 263. Sleeper, Captain, III., 71. "Sleeping for the Flag," H. C.
Work, IX., 344. "Sleeping on guard," execution for,
VIIL, 96. iSIenmier, A. J.: L, 4, SO, 347 seq. ;
V., 59; VIIL, 100, 156. Slidell, J.: L, 354; VI., 291, 298, 299,
310, 312. Slocum, H. W.: L, 44, 321, 32S; II.,
108, 110, 248, 254, 334, 340; III.,
138, 222, 232, 244, 347; X., 162,
177, 182. Sloo, A., L, 179. Sloss, R., L, 10. Slough, J. B., X., 195. Slye, D. W., VII., 125. Small arms, V., 134. Smallpox: deaths from, VII., 320;
hospital barge for, on the Missis sippi, VIL, 320. Smart, C., VIL, 224. Smeed, E. C.: V., 295, 298. Smith, A., X., 2. Smith, A. J.: II., 328; III., 320; IV.,
134; raid in Mississippi, IV., 137;
VI., 227; X., 222. Smith, A. K., VIL, 224. Smith, A. N., VI., 190. Smith, C. B., X., 12. Smith, C. F.: L, 184, 180 .seq., 190
seq., 360; V., 42: X., 303. Smith, C. H., X., 211. Smith, E. Kirby: L, 105, 100; II.,
322, 352; III.,' 342, 346; IV., 241;
V., 70; VIL, 50; VIIL, 340; X.,
243, 258. Smith, G., IX., 297. Smith, G. A., X., 201. Smith, G. M., VIIL, 251. Smith, G. W.: L, 283, 292, 298, 364;
V., 314; X., 248, 251. Smith, H. B., VIIL, 278. Smith, H. H., VIL, 21. Smith, J., VI., 52, 1S4. Smith, J. A., X., 297. Smith, J. B., VI., 162. Smith, J. C., L, 248. Smith, J. D., V., 71. Smith, J. E.: II., 306, 340; X., 291. Smith, J. L, VIIL, 151. Smith, J. P.. X., 103. Smith, M., VI., 190. Smith, Martin L., L, 232; II., 334;
VI., 196; X., 261. Smith, Morgan L.: L, 364: II., 328;
X., 87.
Smith, N. H., VIIL, 251. Smith, O. ,L. VIL, 161. Smith, Persifal, V., 58. Smith, Preston, II., 288; X., 153. Smith, T., X., 233. Smith, T. B., X., 297. Smith, T. C. IL, X., 231.
Smith, T. K., L, 248.
Smith, T. W., X., 2.
Smith, W.: VI., 108, 208; X., 111.
Smith, "Will," L. 179.
Smith W. B., VI., 102, 301.
Smith, W. F. (' 'Baldy") : L, 51, 264, 325; IL, 296, 297, 328; III., 84, 86, 88, 92, 95, 188, 190, 230, 338, 340; V., 31; X., 183, 200, 226.
Smith, W. S.: IL, 91, 341, 350; X., 237.
Smith, W. W.: VIL, 29; trial of, for piracy, VIL, 34, 47.
Smith, U. S. S., IL, 348.
Smith Britnis, U. S. S.. IL, 348.
Smithfarm, Keedysville, Md.: field hospital at, VIL, 263.
Smithfield, Va.: IL, .Y4S; III., 330- VI., 320.
Smithsbury, Md., IL, 340.
Smyrna Camp Ground, Ga., L, 353.
Smyrna or Nickajack Creek, Ga III., 326.
Smyth, Sarah A., X., 2.
Smyth, T. A.: IIL, 77; VIIL, 102; X., 135.
Snake Creek, IX., 95.
Snake Creek Gap, Ga.: III., 108, 109.
Snelling, Fort, Minn, (see also Fort Snelling, Minn.), L, 147.
Snickers Ferry, Va., III., 148.
Snickers Gap^ Va., III., 326, 328.
Snodgrass Hill, Ga.. IL, 282.
Snow Hill, Tenn., IL, 332.
Snyder, J. M., X., 292.
Snyder's Bluff, Miss., IL, 350.
Snyder's Mill, Miss., IL, 214.
Society of the Army of the Poto mac, IX.. 218.
"Soldiers' Life, "preface to.VIIL, 11.
"Soldier par excellence," IV., 272.
Soldiers: Union, outside the prison, VIL, 67; who escaped, VIL, 137 seq.; discharged, care of, by sanitary commission, VIL, 340; of fortune, foreign, VIIL, 76; Confederate types of, VIIL, 123; number of, at close of war, VIIL, 132; digging potatoes, VIIL, 198; age of, at enlistment, IX., 67; cemeteries, IX., 269, 281, 283; mustered out men, IX., 339.
"Soldiers' Rest," Alexandria, Va., VIL, 331.
Solferino, losses at, X., 140.
Solomon's Gap, Md., III., 326.
Somerset, Ky. (see also Mill Springs, Kv.): L, 350; IL, 332; VIIL, 229.
Somerset. U. S. S., VI., 314.
Somerville Heights, Va., L, 302.
"Song of the Texas Rangers," Mrs. J. D. Young, IX., 345.
Songs: popularity of, VIIL, 238, of the War Days, IX., 342 seq.
"Sons of Liberty," VIL, 206; VIIL, 294 seq., 300, "302 seq.
Sons of Veterans, X., 296.
Sop/iin, C. S. S., VI., 316.
Sorrell, G. M., X., 265.
"Soup, Tasting the," VIIL, 83.
South: failure of, to win the war due to lack of supplies, L, 88, 90; weakness of the navy of, L, 88; subjugation of, by Union block- ado, L, 90, 92; advantage of, over North in its railway lines, L, 94, 90; its brightest period of the war, IL, 106; resources of, near- ing exhaustion, III., 278; lack of sanitary commission in, VIL, 340; VIIL, 20; false rumors regarding strength of, VIIL, 22.
South Africa, British campaigns in, L, 84.
South Anna Bridge, Va., III., 320.
South Atlantic Squadron, II., 332; VI., 311.
South Battery, Charleston, S. C., V., 119.
South Carolina: University of, L, 14; the Hampton legion, L, 295; Fort Walker, in, L, 357; devas tation in, by Union troops, III., 244, 246; guns at Morris Island, VIIL, 06; adoption of blue flag by, IX., 343.
South Carolina troops:
Artillery: S. C. Battalion, Charleston, Confederate, L, 366; IL, 332.
Infantry: First, L, 34S; IL, 330; VIL, 79, 147; losses at Manassas, Va., X., 158; losses at Games' Mills, X., 158; Second,
[351
SOUTH CAROLINA
South Carolina troops —Conlinuril L, 3 is, 350; Tliirci. I., 3 IS, 350; Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, I., 350; .Sixth, L, 350; losses at I- air Oaks, \n., X., 158; Seventh, L, 318, 350; losses at Antietain, Md., X., 15S; Eighth, L, 350; Tenth, VIL, 249; Twelfth, losses at Manassas. Va., X., 158; Four teenth, losses at Gaine.s' Mill", Va., X., 158; Seventeenth, II., 191; losses at Manassa.s, Va., X, 158; Twenty-first, X., 150; Twenty-third, losses at Mantis sas, Va., X., 158; Twenty-fourth, L, 300; Twcntv-fifth, X., 150.
South Carolina, U. S. S..VI.,308,310.
South Carolinian, Columbus, S. C., IX., 27.
South Mills, M. C. (see also Cam- den, N. C.), I., .it!-'.
South Mountain (Md. and Pa.): II., 04 seq., 00 seq., 324; IV., S7; V., 27; losses at, X., 142.
South Side Railroad, Va.: III., 20S, 2HO, 293, 294, 305, 307, 311; VIII., 254.
"Southern Marseillaise, The," A. E. Blaekmar, IX., 343.
"Southern Soldier Boy, The," T. W. Armstrong, IX., 340.
"Southerners": at Shiloh, Tenn., I., 199; in a Union prison, VIL, '11.
.SWU.//, U. S. S.: L, 350; II., 352; VI., 87. 199, 320.
Southwest Mountain, Va. (see also Cedar Mountain, Va.), II., 320.
Southwest Pass, La., VI., 189.
Southwestern Army, X., 274.
Southwestern campaign: map of, II., 2.
Spangler, E., VIL, 205.
Spanish-American War, VIL, 347.
Spanish Fort, Ah.: III., 344; VI., 25S seq.; IX., 217.
Spaulding, L.V.,247.
Spear, E., X., 211.
Spear, S. P., X., 303.
Spears, J. G., X., 305.
Spencer, J. P., L, 48.
Sphinx, C. S. S., (afterwards "Stone wall,") VI., 299.
Spicer, W., IV., 198.
Spies: in the eapital at Washington, April, 1S01, VIL, 102; Southern, VIIL, 24, 20; women, VIIL, 273, 2H7, 291; causes for execution of, VIIL, 303; executed by Confed erates at Petersburg, Va., VIIL, 303.
Spinner, Mrs.: house <>f. used a8 hospital at Bull Hun, Va., VIL, 257.
"Spirit of Brotherhood," IX., 195, 329, 331, 333, 335.
"Spirit of Nationality," IX., 16.
"Splinter-netting" used on the U. S. S. Richmond, VI., 189.
Spofford, Va., battery at, L, 119.
Spotsylvania, Va.: L, 122; II., 334; IIL, 37, 52 seq., 00, OS, 320; IV., 33, 40, 41, 121, 122, 124, 197, 203; headquarters of General Warren at. IV., 207; V., 21, 27, 214, 200; scene after the battle, VIL, 42, 43; Confederate prisoners encamped at, VIL, 42, 43; wounded at, VIL, 171,251, 255; battle of, VIL, 288 seq., 303, 326; VIIL, 03; Sixth Ver mont at , VIIL, 05; battle of, VIIL, 250, 353; IX., 77; scene at, IX., 137; "Bloody Angle"at. IX., 155.
Sprague, J. W., X., 91, 231.
Sprague, KateC., Washington belle, in camp, L, 28.
Sprague, W., L, 2S.
Sprague, Camp, Washington, D. C. (see also Camp Sprague, Wash ington, D. C.): L, 141.
Spring Hill, Term.: II., 330; III., 250, 338.
Spring River, Ark. (see also Salem, Ark.), L, 358.
Springfield, 111.: L, 174; Camp But ler, near, L, 175.
Springfield, Mass.: Patriot Publish ing Company at, L, 18; armory at, V., 140.
Springfield, Mo. (see also Wilson's Creek, Mo., arid Oak Hill, Mo.): L, 350, 354; II., 330; IV., 152.
"Springfield" rifle. VIIL, 82.
Sproston, .1. G., VI., 92.
Stafford, T,. A..X.. 153.
Stafford Heights, Va., II., 80,83, 127.
[2n ED.]
INDEX
Stager. A.: VIIL, 344, 340 *../.; X., 237.
Stagg. I'.. X., 125.
Stahel, J.,L, 309.
Stanley, D. S.: II., 150, 178, 324, 340; III., 2 IS, 254, 256, 258, 202; IV., 254 ;X., 93, 196.
Stanley, T., X., 237.
Stanley's Cavalry Troop, I nion, L, 350.
Stannard, G. J., X., 307.
Stannard's Vermont brigade, II., 264.
Stanton, E. M.: L, 40, 42, 104; IV., 200, 202; V., 100; war secretary, V., 100, 130, 228, 278; VI., 16S; VIL, 304, 347, 34S; VIIL, 24; frauds in clothing stopped by, VIIL, 54; frauds of contractors stopped by, VIIL, 84, 348; X., 12; his opinion of Grant, X., 48.
Stanton, F. L., IX., 332.
Star of the West, U. S. S.: L, 165, 340; VI., 24, 308; sent to Surii- ter's relief, VIIL, 00.
"Star Spangled Banner, The," L, 10.
Stark, P. B., X., 277.
Starke, W. E.: II., 03,05. 324; X., 149.
Starkweather, J. C., X., 309.
Starr, S. H., IV., 88.
Sbirsanit Stripes, U. S. S., L, 350.
State Armory, Columbia, S. C., L, 33.
State Governments, uniforming "three-months' men," VIIL, 54.
State University, Va., VIIL, 110.
Ktnte of Georgia, U. S. S., L, 302.
States: the quotas of, VIIL, 12; enlistment from, VIIL, 102, 103, 141, 225, 251; of I'. S. troops furnished by, X., 140.
Staunton, Va.: IIL, 17, 18; IV., 112.
Stearns, F., VIL, 282.
Stedman, E., IX., 24, 50, 59.
Stedman, G. A. Jr., X., 141.
Steedman, C., VL, 121.
Steedman, J. B.: II., 2SO, 287; IIL, 253; IX., 101 ;X., 125.
Steele, F.: II., 328, 343, 344; VL, 200, 270; IX., 247; X., 175, 170.
Steele, G. H., L, 353.
Steele, W., X., 313.
Steele's Bayou, Miss., II., 332.
Steele's battalion, I'nion, L, 350.
Steger, Mrs. T. M., X., 2.
Stegman, Captain, VIL, 181.
Stegman,L.H.:VII.,lHl,289;X.,25.
Stephens, A. H.: VL, 28; recol lections of, VL, 28; VIL, 52, 122; X., 13.
Stephenson, J. A., VL, 192.
Sternberg, G. M., VIL, 224.
Sterritt, S., VIL, 139.
Steuart, G. H.: IIL, 04, 70, 320; VIIL, 103; X., 107.
Stevens, A. A., VIL, 00, 71.
Stevens, C. H., X., 155.
Stevens, H. C., VL, 220, 310.
Stevens, I. L: L, 355; II., 54, 322, 329; X., 181.
Stevens, J., VL, 130, 138.
Steven^ T. F., VL, 312.
Stevens, T. H., II., 342; VL, 320.
Stevens, W. H., V., 257; X., 313.
Stevens, Fort, D. C. (see also Fort Stevens, D. C.), L, 66.
Stevensburg, Va., II., 350.
Stevens' Gap, Tenn., II., 277, 279.
Stevenson, C. L.: L, 300; II., 293, 302, 334; X., 260, 321.
Stevenson, J. D., X., 217.
Stevenson, T. G., X., 135.
Stevenson, Ala.: depot at, II., 167; Fort Barker at, II., 167, 272, 274 275, 277; railway station at, III., 255; Alabama House at, IX., 99.
Stevenson depot, Va., IIL, 320.
Stewart, A. P.: II., 282, 318; IIL, 132; VIIL, 191; X., 249, 270.
Stewart, A. T., L, 38.
Stewart, C., VIIL, 191.
Stewart, T. J., X., 290.
Stewart, W. II., VIIL, 191.
Stimers, A. C., VL, 170.
Stockard, H. J., IX., 270 279
St odder, L. N., VL, 170.
Stoeckel, Baron de, VL, 25.
Stone, C. P.: V., 80 seq.; depart ment clerks organize for defense, under, VIIL, 70; X., 213.
Stone, D., V., 280.
Stone, H.: Statistical tables of or ganizations in Union service bv, X., 150.
Stone, .1. F., VIL, 125.
Stone, H., X., 303.
Stone Bridge, Bull Hun, "\a.: L,
139 seq., 152 seq., 154, 162. Stone church, Centreville, Va.: L,
149 seo.; VII., 257. "Stone Fleet," Second, U. S., VI. ,
Stoneman, G.: L, 129, 200, 281, 293, 308; II., 108, 110; and stuff, II., Ill, 328, 334; III., 20, 105, 318, 328, 340, 344; IV., 2!, 75. 80, 120, 122, 195, 287 seq., 320; VIL, 92; VIIL, 373 ;X., 194.
Stoneman'a Station, stores at, VIIL, 39.
Stone's Ferry, Ala., IIL, 326.
Stone's River, Tenn. (see also Mur- freesboro, Tenn.): L, 207, 307; II., 9, 101; midwinter combat at, II., 101-178; battleground and battle lines at, II., 168, 170 ; Union and Confederate plant at, II., 170, 172; victory at, claimed by North and South, II., 178; Union and Confederate losses at, II., 178, 328; IIL, 211; IV., 241, 254, 203; Federal artil lery at, V., 40, 200; losses at, X., 142.
Stonewall, C. S. S.: VI., 20, 295, 297, 298, 299, 322.
StonewiillJuekson, C. S. S., VL, 192, 198.
"'Stonewall' Jackson's Way," J. W. Palmer, IX., 24, 80.
Stoney, T., VL, 207.
Stono Inlet, S. C., Confederate pickets at, VIIL, 131.
Stono River, S. C., VL, 57, 310, 320.
Stony Creek, Va., scene near, IX., 243.
Stony Creek Station, Va., IIL, 340.
Storey, M., IX., 303.
Storrs, R. S., IX., 334.
"Story of Civil War, The," John C. Ropes, quoted, L, 282 .•«'</.
Stoughton, E. H.: II., 330; IV., 107, 171, 178; X., 307.
Stout, S. H.: VIL, 250, 284, 280 seq., 351.
Stovall, M. A..X., 265.
Strahl, 0. F., IIL, 310; X., 157.
Strasburg, Va.: L, 308, 304; IIL, 328, 332; IV., 102.
Strategy: its meaning, past and present, L, 112; of the Civil War. L, 112-130; of the war as af fected by natural features of river, mountain, etc., L, 110.
Stratton, E., IV., 329.
Strawberry Plains, Knoxville, Tenn.: bridge at, II., 339; IIL, 328.
Streights, A. D.: raids of, II., 332; IV., 34, 280, 282; after escape of, from Libby Prison, VIL, 145.
Stribling, C. K., VL, 120.
"Strikers" at headquarters, VIIL,
.. J8?'
"Stringer" track, repairing of, near
Murfreesboro, Tenn., II., 175.
Stringham, S. H., VL, 100 seq., 102, 115, 118, 209, 310.
Strong, G. C., X., 135.
Strong, H. C., VIL, 63.
Strong,,!. H., VL, 251, 252.
Strother, D. II., X., 311.
"Struggle, the end of the," IX., 230 seq,
Stuart, D., IIL, 34, 52, 02, 318.
Stuart, G. II., VIL, 17.
Stuart, .1. 10. B.: L, 208, 293, 314, 302, 300, 308; II., 38; raid on the Union army by, II., 39, 42, 52, 53, 124, 220, 240 seq., 250, 320, 322, 324, 328, 332, 334, 330, 340, 342, 344, 340; IIL, 02, 320; IV., 11, 10, 20, 21, 24, 29, 32, 34, 30, 38, 41, 43, 53, 71, 74, 75, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 80, 88, 89, 92, 93, 90, 100, 100, 108: grave of, IV., 109 seq., 110, 120, 124; death of, at Yellow Tavern, Va., IV., 125, 127, 171, 193. 213, 220, 234, 230, 240, 202, 203, 265 sen., 200 xrq., 208, 324; V., 37; VIL, 195; cavalry of, reviewed by Gen'l Lee, VIIL, 124, 196, 240, 254, 295, 319; IX., 83, 85; X., 02, 145, 252.
Stumbaugh, F. S., X., 291.
Sturges, H. L., VL, 312.
Sturges Rifle Corps, Chicago, 111.,
SWAMP ANGEL
Sturgis, S. I).: II., 81, 348; IIL, 124.
Sturgis, T., VIL, 18.
Submarines: origin of, in Civil War, VL, 200, 207; first Confederate, VL, 274.
Subsistence, expenditures for, VIIL, 40.
"Such is the Death the Soldier Dies," R. B. Wilson, IX., 70.
Sudley Church, Va., L, 155.
Sudley Ford, Va.: L, 141, 152, 154, 157; II., 51.
Sudley Road, Va., L, 154.
Sudley Spring, Va., II., 40.
Sudley Sulphur Spring House, Va., L, 155.
Suffolk, Va.: siege cf, II., 332, 334.
Sugar Creek, Ark., L, 358.
Sugar Loaf, Md., VIIL, 319, 324.
Sullivan, ,)., VL, 207.
Sullivan. J. C.: II., 154; IIL, 324; X., 203.
Sullivan's Island, Charleston Har bor, S. C. : L, 103, 105; the wreck of the " Colt " at, VL, 106, 140, 179; Confederate officers at, VIII., 115.
Sulphur and saltpeter: lack of, in North, V., 144.
Sulphur Springs, W. Va.: II., 19; skirmish at, II., 322; bridge at, IIL, 328.
Sultana, U. S. S., L, 108 seq.
Summerville. W. Va. (see also Cross Lanes, Va.), L, 350.
Summit Point, Va., IIL, 330.
Simmer, C.: IX., 28, 301, 303, 305; eulogy on, by L. Q. C. Lanmr, IX., 29, 292 seq.; X., 50.
Sunnier, E. V.: L, 200, 208, 294; at New Kent Court House, Va., I. ,297 seq., 323, 327, 330, 332, 308; II., 53, 01, 05, 07, 08 seq., 81, 83, 84, 80, 92, 94, 97, 100, 324, 328; batteries of, V., 30, 38; X., 179, 188.
Simmer, G. W., VI. , 205.
Sunnier, "Sam," VIIL, 192.
Simmer, "Win," VIIL, 192.
Stimter, Fort, S. C. (nee also Fort Sumter, S. C'.): L, 4, 156, 170, 340, 349.
Sumter, S. C.: L, 165 seq.; V., 151; VIIL, 347; " Terre Plein of the Gorge" at, IX., 40.
Sumler, C. S. S.: L, 238, 240; VL, SO, 122, 125, 293, 308.
Sumter, U. S. S.: L, 237; II., 198; VL, 224.
Supplies: difficulties encountered in obtaining, VIIL, 30, 32; U. S. army, VIIL, 32; for the Army of West, VIIL, 34; White House, VIIL, 39; at City Point, Va., VIIL, 39; Tennessee River, VIIL, 39.
Supply departments, VIIL, 44.
Supply wagons, VIIL, 53.
Surgeons: of the Civil War, neutral ity of, in the treatment of sick and wounded, VIL, 13; supplies of, at Washington, D. C., VIL, 213; number killed and wounded, while on duty, VIL, 217; their work, VIL, 218; of the Union army, VIL, 221; neutral status of, recognized, VIL, 228; field com panion, VIL, 230; in the field, VIL, 251 255; working amidst bursting shells, VIL, 257; with the navy, VIL, 317-320; regi mental, VIL, 340; acting assistant, VIL, 340; acting staff, VIL, 340; assistant surgeons, VIL, 340.
Surgical methods: crude and dan gerous to life and limb, VIL, ?53; in the operation field, VIL, 252, 253; operations, high mortality attendant upon, VIL, 255.
Surratt, J. II., VIL, 207.
Surratt, M. E., VIL, 205.
Surrender: terms of, as accepted by Lee, IIL, 310, 312.
' 'Survival of the fittest," II., 135.
Suspension of writ of habeas corpus: most conspicuous arrest made under, VIL, 195.
Suxquefianna, U. S. S.: IIL, 342; VL, 100, 125, 209.
Sutherland. C., VIL, 224.
Sutlers: tent of. VIIL, 247: stores of, IX., 186, 187.
"Swamp Angel": Federal battery, prominent in the bombardment of Charleston, S. C., V., IK); most famous gun in the Civil
[354]
SWAMP ANGEL
INDEX
TIGRESS
" Swamp Angel " — Continued.
war, V., 116; famousgun to enforce
evacuation of FortSumter,IX.,51. "Swanee Ribber," S. C. Foster, IX.,
346.
Swayne, W., X., 85. Sweeny, T. W.: II., 152; X., 91. Sweitz'er, N. B., I., 357. Swift, E.: I., 7, 9, 112; IV., 276. Swift Creek or Arrowfield Church,
Va.. battle at, III., 320. Swift Run Gap, Va., L, 310. Swinburne, A. C.: quoted, on Walt
Whitman, IX., 24. Swinton, W., L, 258. Switzerland, U. S. S., VI., 151, 318. Switzler Mills, Mo., II., 320. Sycamore Church, Va.: III., 332;
IV., 110.
Sycamore Ford, Va.: I., 316; IV., 85. Sydnor, E. G., VIII., 113. Sykes, G.: L, 51, 285; II., 110, 252,
'340; X., 183, 200. Svlvan Grove, Ga., III., 338. Symonds, H. C., V., 21. Szymanski, I., VII., 112.
Tacony, C. S. S.: captured, VI., 292, 294,' 318; VII., 123.
Tacony, U. S. S., III., 342.
Taft, William Howard, President of the United States: I., 7, 9, 11; his foreword to a semi-Centennial re trospect, I., 12, 18; X., 138.
Taggart, Dr., L, 17!).
Tahoma, U. S. S., VI., 314.
Talcott, T. M. R., V., 108, 256, 304; X., 27.
Taliaferro, W. B.: II., 41, 342; III., 326; X., 105.
Tallahassee, Fla., III., 346.
Tallahassee, C. S. S., VI., 298.
Tallahatchie, Miss., II., 206.
Tallahatchie River, Miss., VI., 208.
Talmage, T. DeW., IX., 304, 310.
Talty's Fifers and Drummers. Vill., 235.
Tammany Hall, N. Y. City: contri butions to Union cause, VIII., 104
Tanner, J., X., 296.
Tappan, J. C., X., 257.
"Tasting the soup," VIII., 83.
Tattnail, J.: I., 354; VI., 87, 156, 157, 182, 270.
Taylor, "Dick," III., 316.
Taylor, E., L, 248.
Taylor, G. W.: II., 43, 322; scene of death, IX., 75; X., 137.
Taylor, J. C., I., 52.
Taylor, J. H., I., 297.
Taylor. J. T., I., 248.
Taylor, N., X., 227.
Taylor, P. A., VIII., 327.
Taylor, R.: I., 74; II., 331, 332, 336, 340, 342, 350, 352; III., 318, 346; IV., 102, 227; VII., 50, 242, 349; IX., 246, 247, 285: X., 249, 274.
Taylor, R. S., IX., 350.
Taylor, S. W., X., 161.
Taylor, T. H., X., 267.
Taylor, W.: with Gen'l Lee and his son G. W. C. Lee, I., 83; X., 63, 67.
Taylor, W. H. H., I., 248.
Taylor, Z.: I., 174, 196; IX., 285.
Taylor (a planter), III., 176.
Taylor Bridge, Va.: redoubt at, III., 69, 71, 74, 76, 77, 322.
Taylor Ridge, Ga., II., 346.
Tazewell, Tenn., II., 348.
Teague, G. H., VIII., 135.
Teaser, C. S. S.: VI., 146, 162, 314; 32-pounder of, VI., 77; after cap ture, VI., 79.
Teaser, U. S. S., VI., 77.
Tebault, C. H.: quoted, VII., 292.
Tebault, H., VII., 249.
Tecumseh, Chief, IV., 22.
Tecumseh., U. S. S.: VI., 131, 252, 322; IX., 107.
Tool's battery, Confederate, I., 35S, 360.
Telegraph Road, Va.: II., 81; III., 71; V., 260.
Telegraph Service (see also U. S. Military Telegraph Service) : dur ing the war, V., 290 seq. ; opera tors, V., 290; service in the field, VIII., 322; for the armies, VIII., 341 seq. ; casualties among opera tors, VIII., 342, 343, 360; tent at Yorktown, Va., VIII., 343; tents or stations used, VIII., 343, 345, 351; non-military status of opera-
[2o ED.]
tors, VIII., 344, 354, 364; opera tors after Gettysburg battle, VIII., 345; office at War Depart ment, VIII., 346; censorship, VIII., 346; bombproof before Sumter, VIII., 347; stringing wires in the field, VIII., 349; despatch in cipher, VIII., 350; service usefulness, instances of, VIII., 351, 353, 356, 357, 368; mili tary use of, first adopted, VIII., 352, 355; cipher messages inter cepted and translated by oppo nents, VIII., 352, 362; battery- wagon near Petersburg, Va., VIII., 353; battery wagons, VIII., 353, 355; bureau, estab lishment of, VIII., 354; field headquarters, Petersburg, Va., VIII.," 355; before Petersburg, VIII., 357, 359, 361, 363, 364; office in a trench, VIII., 365; con struction wagon train, VIII., 367; field service, extent of, VIII., 368; balloon used in, VIII., 380, 381.
Templin, W., VII., 147.
Ten Islands, Ala., III., 326.
Tennallytown, D. C., V., 94.
Tennessee: I., 178-193: Union forces advancing into, I. ,212; bridge over Elk River, I., 213; western part of state and portions of Missis sippi unfavorable to army move ments, II., 142; Army of, II., 168; Confederate raids in, II., 168; Department of, II., 296, 321 ; Federal supply centre in, III., 253; destruction of saltpeter works in, in 1863, IV., 157; ruins of saltpeter works in, IV., 157 seq.; copper mines of, V., 166; army roads of, in north, VIII., 36; defense of, X., 92.
Tennessee troops, Confederate:
Artillery: First, I., 356; Camp A, V., 65.
Cavalry: First, I., 358; II., 342, 344; Ninth, VII., 21; Forrest's, I., 356.
Infantry: First, VII., 272; IX., 311; X., 156; Second, I., 250, 354; X., 156; Third, I., 350, 358; Fourth, X., 156; Eighth, losses at Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158; losses at Chirkamauga, Ga., X., 158; Ninth, I., 358; Tenth, I., 356, 358; VII., 272; Twelfth, I., 354; losses at Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158; Thirteenth, I., 354; Fifteenth, I., 354; VII., 272; Sixteenth, losses at Stone's River, Tenn., X., 158; Seventeenth, I., 356; Eighteenth, I., 358; Nine teenth, I., 356; Twentieth, I., 356; VII., 256; Twenty-first, I., 354; Twenty-second, I., 354; Twenty-fifth, I., 356; Twenty- sixth, I., 358; Twenty-seventh, losses at Shiloh, Tenn., X., 158; losses at Chaplin Hills, Ky., X., 158; Twenty-eighth, I., 356; Twenty-ninth, I., 356; Thirtieth, I., 358; Forty-second, I., 358; Forty-fourth, IX., 311; Forty- sixth, I., 358; Forty-eighth, L, 356, 358; Forty-ninth, I., 358; Fiftieth, I., 358; Fifty-first, I., 356; Fifty-third, I., 358; Fifty- fifth, I., 358; One Hundred and Fifty-fourth, I., 354.
Tennessee troops, Union:
Cavalry: First, II., 332; Second, II., 328, 332; "mounted infan try," II., 346; Third, III., 332; Fourth, III., 326; Fifth, II., 326; Seventh, II., 350; Eighth, III., 338; Ninth, III., 338; Eleventh, II., 348; Thirteenth, III., 338.
Infantry: First, III., 32S, 330; Second, Company E, I., 358; II., 336; Third, Hank's Battalion, II., 322; Fourth, II., 344; III., 328, 330; Seventh, II., 328; Ninth, III., 330; "Tenth Legion," Pickett's Division, II., 261; Thirteenth, III., 330.
Tennessee, C. S. S.: IV., 139; VI., 131, 247, 249,251, 256, 322; IX., 107.
Tennessee Mountains, camp in, IV., 112.
Tennessee River, Tenn., Miss., and Ky.: I., 198; boats on, I..203; along the banks of, II., 10; activities on, II., 139, 244 seq.; at Bridgeport, II., 269 seq.; crossing of, II.,
274 seq.; railroad bridge over, at Bridgeport, Ala., II., 275; along the, II., 289 seq.; gorge in Rac coon Mountains, II., 310; Federal transports in, II., 313; block house on, IV., 129; Federal com missary camp on, IV., 141; long truss bridge across, V., 292; army boats on the, V., 293; along the, VI., 69, 209, 233, 318; supplies received by, and on, VIII., 39; along the, IX., 95, 101; activity on, in war times, IX., 99.
"Tenting on the Old Camp Ground," W. Kittridge, IX., 348.
Tents: used to shelter Confederate prisoners, VII., 63; ' 'for the over flow," VII., 261; "Sibley," "Wall "and "A " types of, VIII., 39; used by moving armies, VIII., 165; used in garrison at Charles ton, S. C., VIII., 167.
Terre Plein of the Gorge, Sumter, S. C., IX., 40.
Terrell, J. B., X., 319.
Terrell, J. J., VII., 292.
Terrill, W. R.: II., 326; X., 137.
Terry, A. H.: III.,327; V.,269; VI., 238,248, 257, 259; X.,187,210, 212.
Terry "Dave," IX., 345.
Terry, E., II., 219; naval battery of, IL, 221.
Terry, W., X., 321.
Terry's Texas Rangers, Confeder ate, I., 354.
Texas: military control of, I., 94; Law's brigade, I., 342; Hood's brigade of, I., 342, 362; secedes, I., 346; Coopwood's scouts, Con federate, I., 352; Terry's rangers, Confederates, I., 354, 362; Ross' rangers, Confederates, I., 358; Hood's brigade, Confederate, II., 48, 141; rangers, II., 320; brigade, II., 328; VI., 316; U. S. regulars in, VIII., 70; troops of, in the Army of Northern Vir ginia, VIII. ,'129.
Texas troops, Confederate:
Cavalry: Second, I., 358, 360, Third, I., 358; II., 350; Fourth, L, 358, 360; Fifth, I., 358, 360; Sixth, I., 358; Seventh, I., 358, 360; Ninth, II., 350; Eleventh, I., 358.
Infantry: First, losses at An- tietam, Md., Confederate, X., 158; Third (dismounted cavalry), X.,156; Fourth, I., 328,342; losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Fifth, X., 156; Seventh, losses at Ray mond, Miss., X., 158.
Texas troops: Union:
Cavalry: Second, III., 346.
Thatcher, H. K., VI., 120, 260, 276, 322.
Thayer, J. M., X., 221.
"The Aged Stranger," F. Bret Harte, IX., 35, 182.
"The Alabama," E. King and F. W. Rasier, IX., 345.
"The Battle Cry of Freedom," G. F. Root, IX., 342.
' 'The Bivouac in the Snow," M. J. Preston, IX., 132.
"The Blue and the Gray," F. M. Finch, IX., 28, 270.
"The Bonny Blue Flag," H. Ma- carthy, IX., 343.
"The Campaign of Chancellors- ville," John Bigelow, quoted, II., 106.
"The Conquered Banner," A. J. Ryan, IX., 238.
' 'The Daughter of the Regiment" (Fifth Rhode Island Regiment), Clinton Scollard, IX., 68.
"The Dying Words of Stonewall Jackson," Sidney Lanier, IX., 90.
' 'The Eulogy of Sumner," L. Q. C. Lamar, IX., 292.
"The Faded Coat of Blue," J. H. McNaughton, IX., 349.
"The Fancy Shot" (see "Civil War" poem), IX., 202.
' 'The Feminine Touch at the Hos pital," VII., 267.
"The General's Death," J. O'Con nor, IX., 74.
" The Girl I Left Behind Me," S. Lover, IX., 349.
"The High Tide at Gettysburg," W. H. Thornpson, IX., 214.
"The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War," J. Fiske, II., 166.
"The New South," H. W. Grady, IX., 304.
"The Picket Guard" ("All Quiet along the Potomac "),E. L. Beers, IX., 142.
"The Prayer of Twenty Millions," Greeley's famous letter, II., 31.
"The Pride of Battery B," F. H. Gassaway, IX., 189, 190, 196, 201.
"The Psalm of the West," Sidney ^Lanier, IX., 284.
"The Southern Marseillaise," A. E. Blackmar, IX., 343.
"The Southern Soldier Boy," G. W. Armstrong, IX., 346.
"The Story of the Civil War," by John C. Ropes, quoted, I., 282. '
"The Tournament," Sidney Lanier, IX., 25, 30, 284, 285.
" The Voice of the South," IX., 290.
"The Volunteer," E. J. Cutler, IX., 76.
"The Volunteer," illustration for, IX., 78, 79.
The Webb, C. S. S., II., 330.
"The Year of Jubilee," H. C. ( Work, IX., 178, 183.
"The Zouaves," J. H. Wainwright, IX., 346.
Theobold, F., I., 179,
Thermopyla?, L, 17, 30.
Thoburn, ,)., III., 338.
Thomas, A., X., 271.
Thomas, "Bill" I., 179.
Thomas, B. M., X., 265.
Thomas, C., X., 288.
Thomas, E. L., X., 111.
Thomas, G., X., 288.
Thomas, G. H.: I., 134, 180, 182; II., 144, 155, 170, 174, 274 seq., 288, 290; headquarters of, at Chattanooga, Tenn., II., 291, 296, 301, 328, 330, 344, 346; III., 101, 106; headquarters at Ring- gold, Ga., III., 107, 108; head quarters at Marietta, Ga., III., 119, 130, 132, 218, 220, 228, 248, 249, 251, 252, 259, 263 seq., 264, 269, 270, 318, 320, 322, 326; IV., 136, 155, 256, 314; V., 48, 50, 69, 208, 216, 251, 254; VII., 37,214, 233; VIII., 192, 196, 207, 210, 238, 252, 358; IX., 98, 99, 101, 103, 115, 266; X., 19, 122, 171, 172.
Thomas, L., VII., 102, 104, 105; X., 197.
Thomas, S., X., 307.
Thomas, Mr., at Cairo post-office, I., 179.
"Thomas at Chickamauga," Kate B. Sherwood, IX., 98.
Thomas Freeborn, U. S. S. (see also Freeborn, U. S S.), VI., 96.
Thompson, C. R., X., 19.
Thompson, D. L., II., 67.
Thompson, E., VI., 218.
Thompson, H.: VII., 19, 18, 24, 54, 98, 124, 138, 156 seq., 8 , 328
Thompson, J., VIII., 294, 300. Thompson, J. L., X., 219. Thompson, J. M., IX., 53, 54. Thompson, J. R.: "Music in Camp,"
by, IX., 26, 86, 193, 194, 197. Thompson, M. J., VII., 21. Thompson, T. H., VII., 63. Thompson, W. H.: "High Tide at
Gettysburg," IX., 22,214, 215,219. Thompson Station, Tenn., II., 330. Thornburg, Va. (see also Mata-
pony, Va.) : II., 320. Thome, U. S. S., VI., 322. Thornton, G. B., VII., 246. Thornton Gap, Va., II., 28. Thornton's House, Bull Run, Va.,
I., 155. Thoroughfare Gap, Va., II., 39,
44, 46. "Those Rebel Flags," J. H. Jewette,
IX., 330. Three Top Mountain, Va.: III.,
156, 162, Confederate signals
intercepted at, VIII., 326. Thurston, C. W., VII., 139. Thurston, G. P.: I., 14; III., 107. Ticknor, F. O., IX., 22, 64. Ticonderoija, U. S. S., III., 342. Tidball, J. C.: I., 285 .«•<•/.; near Fair
Oaks, Va., I., 287, 364; III., 76,
282; IV., 231. "Tiger Lilies," S. Lanier, VII., 124;
IX., 184.
T-inress, U. S. S., Gen'l Grant's head quarters transferred to, I., 203.
[353]
TILGHMAX
INDEX
UNITED STATES ARMY
Tilghman, L.: L, 182, 184. IS.".. 191
sea.: IL, 334: VI., 216; X., 151. Timby, T. H.. VI., 138. Times. London: quoted, VI., 3S; IX.,
126. Timrod, H., IX., 27, 48, 49, 51, 274,
277.
Tindvd. U. S. S. : VI., 232: VIL, 320. Tin-did \<>. S, {'. S. S.. II., 131. Tinclacl.i. U. S. N".: typical example
of, I., 245; fleet of , organized, VI.,
08; requirements of, VI. 02: type<
of. VI., 205, 20S; VI., 708, Til,
223, 230, 232, 233. Tinker, C. A., VIII., 340 sro. Tiptonville. Tenn.: L, 220: VI., 218. Tiptonville Road. Tenn , L, 224. Tishornineo Hotel, Corinth, Miss.,
IL, 138.
"To Canaan," S. C. Foster, DC.,347. "To the South, "J. M. Thompson,
DC., .52. Tobacco-factories: use of, for pris
ons in Richmond, VIL, 38. Tobey, E. S., VIL, 17. Todd", C. (}., VIL, 272. Todd, J. B. S., X.. 197. Todds Tavern, Va.: III., 54, 320;
IV., 41.
Tombs, C. S.. VI., 2(17. Tomlinson, .1. A.. VIL, 21. Tompkins. C. H.: V., 49; VIL, 20!);
x., 225.
Tompkins, L., L, 353. Tompkins, Sally L.: established hospital in Richmond, Va., VII. 290.
Tompkinsville, Ky., L, 308. TonVs Brook, Va., III., 100; IV., 251. Tom's Brook Crossing, Va., IV., 250. Tools: used by prisoners in effecting escapes from prisons, VIL, 14_', 144.
Toomhs, R.: IL, 71; most notable single event in the life of, IL, 74 *cq., 32 1: V., 0-5; X., 2«3. Toon, T. F., X., 2S1. Torbert, A. T. A.: III., 15C, 158; and staff, III., 167 srq., 322, 324, 328, 330, 332, 338.; IV., 41, 128, 203, 245, 247, 251 .<<•</. ; X., 95, 23 v Torpedoes: removing powder from Confederate, V., 185, 294: in troduced in Civil War, VI., 9s, 266, 267; use against ironclads, VI., 143; vessels sunkby, VI., 147, 236, 252, 260, 276; Confederate, in Mobile Bay, VI., 193, 247, 250, 251, 260; Federal use of, VI., 240, 276; Confederate, in OsHoban Sound, VL, 241; first victim of, VL, 200; Confederate, in Charleston Harbor, VL, 274, 276; protection against, VL, 319. Torrence, E., X., 296. Totopotomoy, Va., III., 78. Totopotomoy Creek, Va., III., 322. Totten's battery. L'nion, L, 350. Toucey, I., VL, 50. ' 'Tournament, The," Sidney Lanier,
IX., 25. 30, 284, 285. Tours, the battle of, I., 3!). Town Creek, N. C., III., 342. Townsend, E. IX, L, 170. Townscnd, J. H., VL, S3. Townsend, Mary, DC., 270. Toy. C. H., VIIL, 110, 115. Trabui, O. W., V., 65. Tracy, B. F., VIL, 65. Tracy, E. D., X., 151. Tracy, W. G., IL, 334. "Tramp Trarnp Tramp," IX., 235. Trans-Mississippi Army, X., 274. Transport wagon train. III., 31. Transportation of wounded: means employed for, VIL, 302; of Federal sick and wounded: VIL, 302-316; over long distances, means not provided for, VIL, 304 ; important letter showing inade quacy of, VIL, 304, 306; of wounded after August 2, 1862, great improvement in, VIL, 306, 308; act of Congress, 1864, in re gard to ambulance service for VIL, 310.
Transports: I". S.army.sunkoff Don- aldsonyille,La.,I.,250;on th- Mis sissippi, II. , 182; ocean liners used as. VIIL, 39. 45; steamers. VIII., 43; on the Tennessee, VIIL, 45. Tranter's C'reek, N. C'., L, 300 Trapier, .1. H., X., 283. "Traveller": Lee's horse. IV., 29S;
describedbyGen.Lee,IX,.120,m.
[2o ED.]
Travers. T. B.. VIL, 123. Traverses: at Fort Fisher, X. C., VI. , 255.
Trawick, W. B., VIL, 147. Tredegar Iron Works, Richmond, Va. (see also all under Rich mond, Va.): V., 191, 307, 317; VL, 76; ruins of, VIIL, 133. Trenchard, S. D., VL, 113. Trent, W. P.: DC., 7, 1 1 seq.; quoted,
IX., 3S:X., 7, 28, 52-74. Trent, H. M. S.: L, 354; VL, 291,
310. Trent's Reach, Va.: L, 119; III., 97;
V., 243; VL, 265.
Trevilian Station, Va.: III., 198, 324; IV., 23, 108,110, 128; X., 284. Trezevant, J. T., V., 170. Tribble, A., IV., 154. Trimble, I. R.: L, 306; IL, 29, 44;
X., 105.
Trimble, H. M., X., 284, 296. Trinity, Ala., L, 368. Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.,
L, 17.
Trion, Ala., IV., 140. Tripler, C. S., VIL, 219. Triplett Bridge, Ky., IL, 336. Tristram Shandy, C. S. S., VL, 273. Tristram Shindy, U. S. S., III., 342. Trobridge, N. C., VIL, 133. Trogan, losses at. X., 140. Troop, J., IV., 166. Troops: furnished to Union Army
by States, X., 146. Trostle farm, Pa., IL, 238. Trostle's house, Gettysburg, Pa.: Sickles' headquarters at, IL, 247. Troy: ancient wars of, outlined, I.,
30.
Trumbull. T. S., III., 186. Tucker, H. J., DC., 217. Tucker, J. R., VL, 102; VIL, 210. Tucker, J. T., VIL, 20. Tucker, W. F., X., 275. Tulane University, New Orleans,
La., VIL, 352. Tulip, V. S. S., VL, 322. Tullahoma, Tenn.: IL, 178, 340;
V., 48; DC., 99. Tunnel Hill, Ga.: IL, 348, 350;
III., 107, 318.
Tunneling: a means of escape often
resorted to by prisoners of the
war, VIL, 14(>; 142, 143, 145, 147.
Tunstall's Station, Va.: L, 51, 316,
300; IV., 75, 121. Tupelo, Miss.: III., 128, 320; IV.,
132, 134; ruins of, IV., 137 seq. Turchin, J. B., X., 91. Turkey Hill, Va., L, 342, 343. Turner, H. E., L, 295. Turner, J. W., X., 201. Turner, R., VIL, 00, 94, 180. Turner, T. P., VIL, 57, 00, 01, 94,
180. Turner and Crampton Gap, Md.,
IL, 324. Turner's cavalrv, Confederate, I.,
3.54.
Turner's Gap, Md., IL, 00. Turrets: revolving, VI., 38, 107, 260; Timby's patents for, VL, 138; first test of, in battle, VL, 159, 161. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: IV., 136, 140;
VIL, 38; prison at, VII., 78. Tuscaloosa, C. S. S.: VL, 290. Tuscarora, U. S. S.: III., 342; VL,
290, 293, 300.
Tuscumbia, Ala.: IL, 332; VIL, 145. Tuscumbia, U. S. S., VL, 200. Tuttle, ,1. M., X., 205. Twigcs, D. E.: VIL, 20; X., 263. Tybee Island, Savannah harbor,
Ga., VL, 310. Tar;,,,,, I . S. S., IX., 95. Tyler, I).: L, 13S, 150, 151 sea.,
151, 154, 16:i; X., 197. Tyler, E. M.: IL, 340; III., 05, 153;
X., 231 .
Tyler, R. C.: III., 340; X., 297. Tyler, R. ()., X., 197. Tvler, Gen'l, X., 19. Tyler's Connecticut battery (see also
Connecticut battery): II., 87. Tyler's heavy artillery division,
X., 119.
Tvler, Texas: prison at, VIL. 49, 51. Tyler. U. S. S.: L, 189; flanking fire on the Confederate troops, I. ,193, 195, 204. 205 *,•<,.. 223, 350, 35S 300,305.308; IL, 190, 19S, 31(1- VI.. 214m/.. 224. 312, 310. Tyson, surgeon, VIL, 220.
U
Uhlster, W. E., DC., 217.
Ullman, D., X., 227.
Unadilla, U. S. S.: IL, 330; III., 342; men on the. VL, 271.
Underwood, Capt.,C. S. A., VII.,123.
Underwood's farm, Mo., L, 352.
L nderu-riter, U. S. S., VL, 320, 350.
Uniforms: of different States, U.S. Army, VIIL, 78; variety of, VIIL, 78, 80, 95, 151, 159; Confederate change, from gray to brown, VIIL, 120; Confederate lack of, VIIL, 139, 142, 151, 156-157, 159.
Union: the blockade by, as a means of overpowering the South, L, 90, 92: plan of war, four main ob jectives in, L, 90; forces and losses of, during the war, L, 102; supplies, ammunition, etc., cap tured at Manassas by, IL, 41, 44; troops, losses of, IL, 81; army re lieved of its perilous situation, IL, 290, 297, 299; campaign, plans of, in April, 1804, by U. S. Grant, III., 14, 15, 10; posses sions, April, 18(54, III., 15, 10; transports, organization and ef ficiency of. III., 31, 33; canvas pontoon boats in 1804, III., 121; troops, gradual withdrawal of, to other points from the capital, III., 153; cavalry, its successful operations in the "Valley" in 1804, III., 107; abundance ver sus Southern starvation, III., 182; recruits, city and country, compared, III., '272, 273; and Confederate armies, losses of, in the war, III., 347; supplies, great wealth of, August, 1802, IV., 95; fleet steaming up the Alabama River, IV., 138; blockhouses along railroads as means of pro tection to lines of communica tion, IV., 149, 151; loss of sup plies, estimation of, in the great raid by General Wheeler, IV., 104: ammunition-train, right of way afforded to, IV., 210-217; cavalry completely subordinated to infantry in first half of war, IV., 220; "ram flotilla, VL, 314; surgeons-general and their work, VIL, 347, 348; fleet bombarded by Confederate battery, VIIL, 107; soldiers, 186.5, IX., 329;
Eercentage tab'es of losses in attics, X., 124; armies, losses, X., 148; army tabular statements of, X., 150; army, regimental casualties of, X., 152 seq. ; cas ualties of regiments during entire term of seivice, X., 154; reserves on picket duty, X., 288, 289.
Union, London Co., Va., II., 320.
Union, U. S. S., VL, 308.
Union battery, No. 1, two miles below Yorktown, Va., L, 269.
Union battery, No. 4, Yorktown, Va.: L, 253, 255.
Union Church, Va. (see also Cross Keys, Va.), L, 300.
Union City, Tenn., IL, 350.
Union Mills, Va.: L, 101; IL, 43- O. & A. Railroad at, V., 283; bridge at, V., 285; regimental headquarters at, VIIL, 239.
Union Pacific Railroad, V., 72.
Union Square, New York City.N.Y. great mass meeting at, X., 14.
Unionville, Tenn., IL, 330.
"United," by B. Sleed, IX., 190, 191.
United Confederate Veterans, L, 19.
Untied Ntates.V. S. S., VL, 19, 44, 54.
United States Army: artillery of, be fore Chancellorsville, Va.', L, 58, 59; number mustered into, I., 102; vital records of, L, 102; War De part rnent.L, 102 seq.; fleet that fed the army, L, 315; cavalry in the Civil War as model for European nations. IV.,10:record and pension office, statistics of Confederate prisoners, VIL, 43, 50; commis sary-general of prisoners, VIL, 53; commissary-general of prisoners, office of, Washington, IX C'.. VIL, 83, 349; supplies of, in the East, VIIL, 32; in the field, VIIL, 32; supplies of, in West, VIIL, 32;
paint shop, VIIL, 40; trimming shop, VIII., 40; field repair train, VIIL, 40; repair shops, office of VIIL, 40; wheelwright shop, VIIL, 40; quartermaster's de partment, responsibility of, VIIL, 44: transports, VIIL, 45; subsist ence department, its responsibili ties, VIIL, 40; Washington. I). C., advantages in, transportation service, VIIL, 40; wagons, VIIL, 47; quartermaster-general, effi ciency of its railroad transporta tion, VIIL, 48; government lum ber yard, Washington, D. C., VIIL, 51; government clothing of, VIII., 54; quartermaster's department, Washington, D. C., uniforming men, VIIL, 54; War Department, efficiency of, VIIL, 50; dishonest army contractors, VIIL, 54, 50; preparations to defend the capita], VIIL, 70; organizing in the West, VIIL, 71 ; military cadets drilling artillery raw recruits, VIIL, 70; variety of uniforms, VIIL, 78; various gunners' uniforms, VIIL, 7.8; frauds of contractors, VIIL, 84; quartermaster's department, VIIL, 344 seq.; age of enlistment in, VIIL, 190; summary of or ganizations in, X., 150; casualties of regiments, X., 154; roster of general officers, X., 301.
Engineer Corps: bridge build ing by, IL, 19; problems of. in Civil War, V., 222; inception of, V., 224; reorganization of, V., 224; Company B, V., 225; com position before 1801, V., 220; at Harper's Ferry, Va., V., 228; Peninsula campaign, V., 228; topographical engineers before Yorktown, Va., V., 229; Corps of, V., 229, 232; at Antietam. Md., V., 232; in Chancellorsville, Va., campaign, V., 232; reorgani zation of, V., 232; at work, V., 233; at C'old Harbor and James River, Va.. V., 240 ser,.; Com pany D, in front of Petersburg, Va., V., 247; Engineer Corps at Arlington Heights, Va., VIIL, S!).
Artillery: I.,58,59; MeClellarfs HorseArtillery brigade, officers of, L, 287; Randolph's Battery, L, 354; Thompson's Battery, L, 354; IL, 324; Regular, V., 18 seq.
First, Battery A, L, 352, 354; Battery B, V., 151; Battery F, L, 354; Battery G, L, 80, 340; VIIL, 150; Battery L, L, 354; IL, 320.
Second, L, 348; V., 33; Battery A, V., 33; Battery B. IL, 330; Battery C, L, 354: Batterv D, L, 28/28,350, 302; II., 228; Batterv E, I., 3.50; Company E (colored), III., 328; Battery F, L, 350; Battery F (colored), III., 324; Battery F, V., 37; Battery G, L, 350; Company H, I., 352; Battery II. L, 354: Battery K, L, 354; Battery L, II., 330; Battery M, L, 350.
Third, Gibson's Battery, L, 281; IL, 350; Batteries C and G, V., 33; Battery C, VIL, 109; Battery E, L, 348, 350, 300; II., 320: V., 14.
Fourth, V., 14, 15; Battery E, L, 300, 300: II. , 330; Battery G, L, 352; Battery K, IL, 344.
Fifth, L, ,300: barracks of Heavy Artillery (colored). II., 205; 'IL, 350; V., 35, 38; VIIL, 193: Battery D, L, 350; V.,21; Battery F, L, 304; Battery L, IL, 336; Battery (colored), IL, 304: Battery L, IL, 330.
Eighth (colored), IL, 350.
Cavalry: First, L, 350; IV., 23 seq., 40, 47; X., 00; Second, Com pany B, L, 348; IL, 330; IV., 32, 35, 40, 190, 213, 215, 242, 244, 337; X., .58; Third (colored,) IL, 348, 350; III., 342; IV., 40; Fourth, L, 350; Fifth, L, 289, IL, 330; (colored), III., 332: IV., 47, 85; Company B, IV., 212, 220, 221 : officers of, IV., 223, 225, 22«l; Sixth. IL, 336; (colored), III., 332: IV., 40, 47, 88, 243; Eighth, L, 112.
Chasseurs: First, Union, L, 350.
[354]
UNITED STATES ARMY
INDEX
VOLUNTEERS
United States Army — Continued.
Dragoons: First, IV., 22, 23, 40, 244, 316; Second, IV., 22, 24, 46. Mounted Rifles: Third, I., 350. Infantry: First, I., 358; II., 332; Second, I., 348, 350; VIII., 308; Third, I., 348; Company C, I., 352, 354: Company E, I., 352, 354; Fifth, I., 358; II., 332; Seventh, I., 350, 358; Eighth, Company A, I., 346, 348; c )1- orcd, II., 350; Ninth (colored), IX., 352; Tenth, I., 358; Eleventh Camp of, at Alexandria, Ya., VIII., 222, 22.3; statistics of losses, VIII., 223; Thirteenth, X., Sli; colored, IV., 103; Four teenth (colored), III., 338; Fif teenth, I., 360; Eighteenth, II., 32 1: X., 124; Twenty-sixth (col ored), III., 340; Twenty-ninth (c -lored), III., 202; Thirty-second, 340; Thirty-third (colored), III., 310; Thirty-fourth (colored), III., 3tO; Thirty-fifth (colored), III., 340; Forty-fourth (colored). III., 332; Forty-seventh (colored), II., 348; Forty-ninth (colored), II., 350; Fifty-fourth (colored), II., 350; Fifty-fifth (colored), III., 324; Fifty-ninth (colored), III., 324; Sixtieth (olored), III., 328; Sixty-first (colored), III., 330; Sixty -second (colored), III., 338,346; Seventy-ninth (colored), 352; III., 332; losses, X., 154; Eighty-second (colored), III., 332; Ninety-second (colored), officers of, Vil., 117; One hundred and second (colored), III., 340; One hundred and sixth (colored), III., 332; One hundred and tenth (colored), III. ,332: One hundred and fourteenth (colored). III., 332; One hundred and twenty- seventh (colored), VII., 65.
Sharpshooters: First, I., 364; II. , 340; Second. III., 332. I'nited States Christian Commis sion: amount of money raised by, VII., 17; meaning of organization, VII., 17; work of, VII., 322 .sec,.; office of, VII., 322, .323; head quarters of the, in the field, 1804, VIL, 337; distribution of supplies ai White House, Va., VII., 342, 343, 344.
United *tates Coast Survey: V., 251. United States General Hospital,
Jeftersonvillp, Ind., VII., 214. United States Marine Corps: offi cers and privates of, VI., <>8, 69. United States Marine Hospital,
Evansville, Ind.: VII., 233. United States Medical Department: type of hospital recommended by, VIL, 214, Army of the Cumber land, medical directors of, VIL, 21(t, 218 **'</.; personnel of, before the war, VIL, 220; reduction in numbers of, at outbreak of war, VIL, 220. 222, 236, 3 Hi seq.; medi cal inspectors, VIL, 346. United States Military Academy:
Class of 1860, VIII., 185. United States Military Rail way Con struction Corps: bureau of mili tary railways, II., 125; V., 12.275, 277, 279, 381, 285, 287, 291, 295; swift repair work of, V., 390, 301. United States Military Telegraph Service (see also Telegraph Ser vice!: c mstruction corps, I., 41; VIII., 342 seq., 349; stringing win-s in the field, VIII., 349, 351; City Point, Va., VIII., 359, 361; in Richmond, Va., VIII., 363; train in Richmond at last, VIII., 367.
United States Navy (see also Navy): VI., 32, 40; organization of the, VI., 40 .seq., 90; first ex pedition of the, VI., 92 seq.; sur geons of, VIL, 318; signalmen, VIII., 335.
I'nited States Sanitary Commis sion (see also Sanitary Commis sion): VIL, 17, 45, 68, 73, 134, 164, 171, 219; at Fredericksburg, Ya., VIL, 268, 287, 205; work of, VIL, 322 *«/.; central offic- of, in Washington, I). C.,VII.,324, 325; officers and nurses at Fredericks- burg, Va., VIL, 32«; Belle Plain, Va., supply wagons, VIL, 327;
origin and organization of, VII., 328 seq. ; and other relief agencies, VIL, 328-344; its origin, organiza tion and scope, VIL, 328; nurses of, VIL, 329; "Home" at Wash ington, D. C., VIL, 331; receipts of, from fairs held, VIL, 335, 336, 338; history of the, VIL, 347.
United States Signal Service (see also Signal Service) : sig nal corps officers, VIIL, 13, 305 tseq., 307 seq.; high mortality rate in, VIIL, 307, 318, 328; experts of, VIIL, 308, 309, 312 seq. : authorized, VIIL, 314; organization of, VIIL, 314; com manders of, VIIL, 314; head quarters, VIIL, 317, 327; officers of, VIIL, 327; officers, Army of the Potomac, VIIL, 327; signal ing from Meade's headquarters, VIIL, 329: headquarters, Wash ington, D. C., VIIL, 333; mus tering out the corps, VIIL, 339.
Universality of relief established by sanitary commission, VIL, 336.
Universe, U. S. S., the largest of the Tennessee River fleet, I., 20.3.
University of Georgia, IX., 27,29,31.
University of Louisiana, X., 28, 84.
University of South Carolina, I., 14.
University of Yirginia, VIIL, 114.
University of Washington and Lee (see also Washington and Lee University), I., 17.
Upperville, Ya., II., 330.
Upton, E.: III., 57, 58, 60; IV., 138, 148; VIIL, 196; X., 130, 227.
Utah, Military District of, I., 197.
Yallandigham, C. L.: VIL, 202; arrest and sentence of, VIL, 204.
"Valley Campaign": L, 305; pris oners and supplies captured in, IV., 252.
Valley City, U. S. S., L, 356.
Valley of Virginia, battle of, VIIL, 110.
Valley Railroad, Ya., V., 290.
Yalverde, Fort, N. Mex. (see also Fort Yalverde, N. Mex.): L, 358.
Van Brunt, G. J., VI., 100, 125, 174, 176.
Van Burcn, W. H., VIL, 330.
Yan Cleve, H. P.: II., 174, 176, 284; X., 219.
Yanderbilt, C.: VI., 309; IX., 297.
Vanderbilt, Captain, New York Tenth Cavalry, quoted, IV., 20.
Ua«rferb(tt,U.S.S.:III.,342;VI.,309.
Yan Dervoort, P., X., 296.
Yandewater, J., X., 288.
Yan Dorn, E.: L, 200, 209, 250; II., 143 seq., 183, 190, 200, 204, 324, 328, 330; IV., 49; capture, 116, 133, 263; V., 70; VI., 308; VIL, 28, 30, 233; X., 251. 270, 272.
Van Duzen, J. C., VIIL, 358 seq.
Yannerson, photographer: IX., 123; X., 63.
Van Norman, L. E., L, 10.
Van Ransselaer, H., L, 170.
Van Sant, S. R., X., 296.
Yan Yalkenbergh, T. S., VIIL, 302.
Yan Valkenburgh, D. H., L, 295.
Yan Yinson, VIL, 125.
Yan Wyck, C. H.,X.,229.
Yaquin, E., VIIL, 169.
Yarnells Station, Ga., III., 320.
Vnruna, U. S. S., VI., 190, 191, 198.
Yaruna Landing, Ya.: pontoon bridge at, IV., 189.
Yaughan, .). C.: III., 322; X., 299.
Vaughn, A. J., X., 299.
Yaughts Hill, Milton, Tenn., II., 332.
Yeatch, J. C.,X., 87.
Yeazy, W. G., X., 290.
Yenable, R. M., L, 105.
Venun, C. S. S., transport, IV., 163.
Yera Cruz, Mexico, VI., 45; X., 58.
Verandah House, Baton Rouge, La., II., 134.
Vermont: population of, in 1860, VIIL, 58; number of troops fur nished, VIIL, 59; number of troops lost, VIIL, 59; quota in Civil War, VIIL, 65; uniform of troops, VIIL, 78.
Vermont troops:
Artillery: First, Heavy, IX., 138. Cavalry: First, IV.,' 104, 230, 232; Second, L, 348.
Infnntru: Vermont Brigade, X.,
117; Stannard's brigade, II., 264; First Brigade, V., 31; Camp Grif fin, near Washington, D. C., IX., 138; Second, IX., 138; X., 124; Third, L, 350, 360; IX., 138; Fourth, L, 360; IX., 138; Fifth, II., 336; IX., 138, 154; losses, X., 154; Sixth, L, 360; near Wash ington, D. C., VIIL, 57; I and D Companies, VIIL, 64; before Camp Griffin, Washington, D.C., VIIL, 65; IX., 138, 347; Seventh, II., 320; III., 332; Eighth, II., 330 ; losses, X., 1 52 ; Ninth, II., 324 , 348; hospital of, at New Berne, N. C., VIL, 231; IX., 157. Vermont, U. S. S., VI., 127.
"Veterans of the war": return of, to civilian life, III., 345; organi zation of, X., 290.
Veterans, United Confederate (see also United Confederate Veter ans): L, 19; united Confederate Veterans, constitution of, X., 298; Confederates, reunion of, X., 300.
"Yibbard" engine, V., 287.
Vibbard draw of Long Bridge, Washington, D. C., Federal En gineers at, L, 131.
Vicksburg, Miss.: surrender of, I., 68, 77 seq. ; Camp Fisk, Four Mile bridge in, I., 108, 124 seq., 126, 132, "182, 187, 223, 231, 249 seq., 305, 300. 308; II., 9, 134; sieges of, II., 179, 181, 182, 183, 1S8; preliminary operations around, by the combined forces of Farragut, Porter and Williams, II., 190; view of, taken under fire, II., 193; courthouse at, II., 193; preliminary operations against, part of river steamers in, II., 194; strong Confederate fortifications around, II., 195; condition of Union and Confederate forees, etc., at siege of, II., 197; first plan of U. S. Grant to take, a failure, II., 200; work of undermining the defenses around, II., 201; fall of, on same date as the surrender of Gettysburg (July 4, 1803), II., 203; monument marking spot where Grant and Pemberton met to confer on surrender, II., 203; two other projects by U. S. Grant to take, and their failure, II., 200; third project of U. S. Grant to take, and its success, II., 206; levee at, II., 207; Union and Confederate losses at, and at Fort Hudson, II., 220; fall of, and of Fort Hudson, II., 220, 264, 294, 328; siege of, II., 334, 340, 341, 348; expedition from, III., 326; IV., 49, 117, 130, 133, 175; V., 46; artillery, Federal in, V., 46 seq.; losses at, V., 48; forti fications around, V., 205; Con federate works behind, V., 205; water battery that defended, V., 205; "Sap and Coonskin Tower" at, V., 209, 210, 251, 254; VI., 81, 114, 148, 149, 150, 195, 201, 200, 207, 209, 222, 227, 232, 314, 316, 318; VIL, 99, 102, 104, 112, 118; "Riding the Sawbuck " at, VIL, 191; provost-marshal guard house at, VIL, 191; Mc- Pherson Hospital at, VIL, 233, 240; U. S. hospital boat Red Rarer at, VIL, 307; VIIL, 29; headquarters signal corps at, VIIL, 325; capture of, VIIL, 330, 340, 352; colored troops at, IX., 173, 204; cemetery at, IX., 281; surrender of, X., 32; casualties at, X., 34, 156.
Victor, C. S. S., VI., 296.
Victoria, Queen of England, Proc lamation of Neutrality issued by, VI., 308.
Victoria, C. S. S., VI., 1 3.
Vidette, U. S. S., L, 356.
Yiele, E. L., X., 227.
Vienna, Ya., L, 348.
Yillard, H., X., 42.
Yillepigue, J. B., L, 237; X., 256.
Vincennes, U. S. S., VI., 189.
Vincent, A. C., I., 287.
Vincent, S., II., 249, 252, 253, 254, X., 137.
Vincent's brigade, II., 255.
Vimliciitor, U. S. S., I., 239; VI., 221; IX., 165.
Yinton, I). H., II., 328.
Yionville, losses at, X., 126, 140. Virginia: North Anna River, in, I., 43, 135; adopted the ordinance of secession subject to popular vote, I., 346; campaigns, map of, I., 369; negroes, fugitives, II., 30; campaign of 1864 and 1865, III., 38; military maps of, N. E., V., 2; University of, V., 58; capes of, V., 80; New York Seventh in vades, VIIL, 70; Twelfth New York Infantry advances into, VIIL, 89; preparations for a struggle, VIIL, 96; home scene, IX., 151; troops at opening of war, X., 98; Confederates visit Boston, X., 138.
Virginia troops, Confederate:
Artillery: Stannard's battery, L, 348.
Cavalry: L, 354; Ashby's, I., 304; Stuart's, L, 354; First, I., 3.50, 304; IV., 82, 98; Second, IV., 87; Fourth, L, 364; Fifth, IV., 73; Sixth, IV., 84; VIL, 147; Seventh, L, 360; IV., 73, 88, 110; Eighth, L, 364; Ninth, IV., 72; Eleventh, IV., 104; Twelfth, IV., 87; Thirteenth, I., 350.
Infnntru: Monroe's, L, 350; First, L, 348, 350; First (Irish) Battalion, L, 360, 362; First drum major of, VIIL, 109; Second, I., 350, 360; IV., 238; Fourth, L, 350, 360; losses at Chancellorsville, Ya., X., 158; losses at Manassas, Va., X., 158; Fifth, L, 350, 360; Sixth, IV., 104; drummer boy of, VIIL, 383; Seventh, L, 348, 350; IV., 104; Eighth, L, 350, 352; Tenth, I., 350, 362; Eleventh, L, 348, 350, 350; Twelfth, IV., 104; Thir teenth, L, 350; III., 332; Fif teenth, losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Seventeenth, L, 348, 350; losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Eighteenth, L, 350; VIIL, 111; Nineteenth, L, 350; Twentieth, I., 348; Twenty-first, I., 358, 360, 302; X., 150; Twenty-second, I., 364; Twenty-third, L, 360, 362; Twenty-fourth, L, 272, 348, 350; Twenty-fifth, L, 348, 354, 362; Twenty-seventh, L, 350, 360; X., 156; Twenty-eighth, L, 350; Twenty-ninth, L, 356; Thirty- first, I., 354, 356, 302; Thirty- seeond, losses at Antietam, Md., X., 158; Thirty-third, L, 350, 360; V., 19; regulars, X., 156; Thirty-sixth, L, 358; Thirty- seventh, L, 360, 302; Forty- second, L, 3(50, 362; Forty-fourth, L, 362; Forty-fifth, L, 364; Forty-eighth, L, 362; Forty- ninth, L, 350; losses at Fair Oak's, Ya., X., 158; Fiftieth, L, 358; Fifty-first, I., 358; Fifty-second, L, 354, 362; Fifty-fourth, L, 356: Fifty-fifth, VIIL, 138, 151, 165; Fifth-sixth, L, 358; Fifty-eighth, I., 362, 300; IV., 102; Fifty-ninth, III., 318; Sixtieth, VIIL, 162; Sixty-seventh, L, 356; Seventy- seventh, L, 352; Eighty-ninth, L, 35ii ; One hundred and four teenth, I., 352.
Virginia troops, Union:
Cavalry: Second, L, 350. Infantry: Ninth, I., 354.
Virainia, C. S. S.: sunk in channel of James River, Va., L, 109, 11!), 358, 364; V., 258, 313; VI., 73, 82, 89, 132, 146, 155, 161, 165, 175, 265, 315.
"Yirginia Cavalier," IX., 346.
Virginia Historical Society, Rich mond, Ya., X., 51.
Yirginia Military Institute, Lexing ton, Ya.: III.", 140, 289; IX., 91, 132; X., 100.
Vital Records, Confederate, X., 148, seq.: Union, X., 148 seq.
Vogdes, L: VII., 47; X., 303.
"Voice of the South, The," Jeffer son Davis, quoted, IX., 290.
' 'Volunteer about to lose some weight," VIIL, 93.
"Volunteer Song," IX., 344.
"Volunteer, The," V.. J. Cutler, IX., 76, SO.
Volunteers: character of, in the armies of the North arid South ( 1804), IV., 1(5, 28; from East and
355
VOLUNTEERS
Volunteers — Continued.
West. VIIL, 95; of the Confeder acy, illustration of, VIIL, 105.
Von Schaack, G.. X., 229.
V..M Steinwehr, A., X., 227.
Wabash, U. S. S.: L, 357. 300; III., 340; V., 207: VI., 22, 47, 4S, KM), 102; forward pivot-gun of. VI., 103, 127; Parrott gun of, VI., 259, 289, 270, 2S1; gun-crew of, VI., 311.
Waehu«eU. U. S. S., VI., 293. 294.
Waddell. J., VI., 296.
W:ide. Herbert T., L, 10; X., 2.
Wade's battery. Confederate, I-, .;-.->
Wadsworth, J. S.: IL, 230; III., 48, 49; X., 133.
Wagner, G. D.: II., 274 *cq.; III., 117, 260,202, 264; X., 91.
Wagner, L., X., 296.
Wagner batterv, V., 118.
Wagon train: L, 53; at Cumberland Landing, Pamunkey River, VIIL, 47.
Wagons: army, VIIL, 40; " Federal, train, from the Potomac to the Mi-i-sippi," VIII., 47; dimen sions of, VIIL, 47.
Wagram, losses at, X., 140.
Wamright, C. S., I., 295.
Wainwright, J. IL, IX., 340.
Wainwright, J. M., VI., 310.
Wainwright, K.: L, 227; VI., 188.
Wait. H. L..X., 2.
Waite, C. A., VII., 28.
Waites. J., L, 103.
Walcutt. C. C.,X., 93.
Waldren's Ridge, Tenn., IV., 100, 164.
Waldron, Ark., IL, 348.
Walke. IL: L, 217, 224; VI., 16, 148, 210,218.
Walker, F. A.: IV., 272; X., 23, 24.
Walker, L, L, 19.
Walker, H. H.:IIL, 70; X., 317.
Walker, I. N., X., 296.
Walker, J. A., X., 107.
Walker, J. G.: IL, 60, 70, 74, 324; X., 279.
Walker, L. M., X., 297.
Walker, LeR. P., X., 255.
Walker, M.. IL, 344.
Walker, R. L.: X., 113; IL, 340.
Walker, T. C., X., 2.
Walker, W. H. T.: II., 344; X., 145, 278.
Walker, W. S., IL, 320; VI., Ill; X., 261.
Walker, Mr., an artist in a group, X., 161.
Walker, Fort, S. C. (see also Fort Walker, S. C.), I., 354, 357.
Walker Ford, Tenn., IL, 348.
Walkerton. Va., IV., 124.
Wall. .1. W., VIL, 202.
"Wall tents" (see also Tents): used in Confederate Army, VIIL, 167.
Wallace, L.: L, 184, ISO, 188, 190 HO., L'OO, 206, 208, 300; III., 140; VIL, 105, 108, 207; IX., 95; X., 4, ••3. 200.
Wallace, W. IL, X., 283.
Wallace. W. H. L.: L, 300; VIL, 98; X., 133.
U allaoe'i Ferry, Ark., III., 328.
Walnut Creek, Mo., IL, 320.
Walnut Hill, Vicksburg, Miss., IL, 185.
Walp-.le, B. M.: L, 89; VIL, 59.
Walthall, E. C., X., 270, 277.
Walton, J. B., IL, 340.
\\.-.lworth, M. T.. VIIL, 289.
Wanamaker, J., VIL, 17.
War: Franco-Prussian, L, 30; photograph, very wonderful and daring, taken by George S. Cook, L, 100; records, official compilation of, L, 104; students of Europe and America discussing the strategy of. L, 113; Mexican, I., 174: awful expedients. IL, 243; department officials, III., 157; termination of, III., 235; horses, sagacity and faithfulness in, VI., 292; horses, IV., 292- 3 18; of 1812, VI., 48, 130; departments, the business side of, VIIL, 37; Con federate photographs of war scenes, VIIL, 105; telegraph of fice, VIIL, 342 seq.: with Mexico, IX., 93 ; songs. IX., 3 12 seq. ; X., 40.
"War is Hell," III., 237.
[2D ED.]
INDEX
"War- Horse," nickname of Gen'I Longstreet, II., 47.
Ward, A., IX., 175.
Ward, Elizabeth, S. P., "a Mes sage," IX., 144, 14.r).
Ward, J. H.: VI., 90. 97, 99, 308.
Ward. J. H. IL.X.,227.
Ward, W. T.: III., 125; X., 91.
Ward, W. W.. VII., 21,
Ware, C. P., IX., 352.
Ware, J. H., X., 2.
Warehouse: on the banks of the Rappabannock, used as hospital, VII., 270.
Warfield, H. M., VII., 198.
Waring, G. E., X., 23, 24.
Warley, A. F., VI., 192.
Warner, . I. M., X., 307.
Warner, W., X., 29(i.
Warner, V. S. S.: III., 318; VI., 230.
Warren, Fitz-H., X., 205.
Warren, G. K.: I., 32, 70 seq.; II., 2.r,l, 252, 253, 255; III., 30, 34, 36,
41, 42, 43, 44, 54, 56, 58, 64, 67, 72, 73, 74, 75, 83, 84, 86, 90, 176, 178, 197, 199, 204, 284, 318, 344; IV., 119; headquarters of, at Spotsylvania, IV., 207; VIII., 246, 327, 328, 330; IX., 225; X., 183, 200.
Warren, Fort, Mass, (see also Fort
Warren, Mass.), I., 191. Warrenburg, Mo., I., 360. Warrenton, Va.: II., 57, 83, 84; IV.,
93, 99; Burnside and staff at,
IX., 69. Warrenton Junction, Va.: IV., 92;
II., 334. Warrenton Turnpike, Va. : I., 152;
II., 49.
Warrentown Railroad, IV., 243. WarriiiKton, Fla., V., 59. Warrior. C. S. S.. VI.. 192. Warwick, Va., I., 264. Warwick and Yorktown Roads,
Va., I., 360.
Warwick River, Va.: I., 262; V., 31. "Washday in Winter Quarters,"
VIIL, 187. Washburn, C. C.: with staff, I., 247;
X., 189, 218.
" Washing Clothes," VIIL, 187. Washington, George, I., 17; IX., 125. Washington, J. B., I., 289 seq. Washington, D. C.: I., 28 seq., 40,
42, 66 .ieq.; defenses of, I., 69, 94; the key to, I., 121, 123; fortifi cations about, I., 125, 126 seq.; Vibbard draw. Long Bridge at, I., 131; McClellan's troops drill ing near, L, 137; Camp Sprague at. I., 141, 144, 148, 159; Camp James near, I., 167; McClellan trains, Army of the Potomac, L, 254; II., 18. 53, 58, 102; national capitol, III., 139, 143 seq.; locomotives stored in, III., 145; Chain Bridge at, III., 147; Long Bridge at, III., 147; group of war department officials, III., 157; grand review at, III., 345, 319; IV., 257; Capitol building, 1865, III. 348; Federal cavalry mess house at, IV., 107; Prospect Hill, IV., 173; map of defenses, V., 2; Federal guns in the grand review at, V., 4; artillery brigade in the grand review, V., 4, 18 seq., 75; scene in defenses of, V., 79, 80 xeq. ; centers of defense of, V., 82; Scott's plans for defense of, V., 84 seq.; defenses of, at Fort Lyon, V., 85; fortifications of, V., 86 seq.; condition of defenses of .before the war, V., 86 *»•(/.; Aqueduct bridge, V., 90, 95; preparations for de fense, V., 90 sn].; fortifications on the Potomac, V., 94 nrq.; fortifica tions around, V., 94; Union Arch near, V., 95; fortifications of, number and extent of, V., 102; influence of defense on Federal movements, V., 104; results of withdrawal of garrison, V., 106, 108; arsenal yard and "Napo leons" guns, V., 127; ladies and officers in the interior court of arsenal at, V., 129, 131, 136, 144, 154; defenses of, V., 153; ar senal, ammunition stored in, V., 175, 216, 228; VI., 92,170; Early's attack on, VI., 106; navy yard at, VI., 167; ambulances in grand re view, VII., II; buildings iri VII., 15; Carver Hospital in, VII., 15,
274, 275; Campbell Hospital, VII., 15; views of, VII., 15;
Stanton Hospital in, VII., 15, Old Capitol Prison at, VII., 31 seq., 38, 67, 200; office of commissary general of prisoners, VII., 83, 8;> seq.; Ford's Theater in, where President Lincoln was shot, VII., 203; livery stable where Booth secured the horse on which he escaped, VII., 205; surgeons' supplies at, VII., 213; surgeons and hospital stewards at, VII., 217; medical supplies at, VII., 225; Harewood Hospital at, VII., 285, 294, 295; Armory Square Hospital, VII., 291, 293; am bulances at, VII., 311; ambu lance repair shop at, VII., 311; Harewood Hospital, ambulance trains at, VII., 313; V. S. Sani tary Commission, VII., 324; I". ' S. Sanitary Commission "Home," at, VII. ,331; Lodge No. 5, VII., 333; U. S. Sanitary Com mission wagons leaving for the front, VII., 337; Karly's dash at, VIIL, 18; Old Capitol Prison, VIIL, 24; supply depot at, VIIL, 30; Warehouse No. 1, VIIL, 38; Government Mess House, VIIL, 38; groups at quartermaster- general's office, VIIL, 38; grand review at, VIIL, 39; army repair shops at, VIIL, 40; guarding the lumber for the government, VIIL, 51; Meridian Hill near, Second Maine first camp site in, VIIL, 58; Sixth Vermont leaves for, VIIL, 05; endangered, and President calls for men, VIIL, 68; New York Seventy-first leaves for, VIIL, 69; defenses prepared, VIIL, 70; Twelfth New York waiting orders from, VIIL, 72, 73; reception on Pennsylvania Avenue to New York Seventh In fantry, VIIL, 74, 79, 89, 109; Old Capitol Prison, VIIL, 289; Cen tral Signal Station at, VIIL, 305; U. S. Signal Corps Headquarters, VIIL, 333; cemetery at Soldiers' Home, IX., 281; Second Inaugura tion of Abraham Lincoln, X., 16, 17.
Washington, N. C'., II., 322.
W<iKliin»ton, V. S. S., VI., 82.
Washington and Lee University, Va.: L, 17; IX., 122, 130, 132; X., 57, 59, 72.
Washington Artillery Company, Charleston, S. C., V., 60.
Washington Artillery, the, of New Orleans (see also New Orleans, La.): L, 14; Federals forced back to the bank of the river by, L, £5; enlisted men of, I., 199f II., 53, 125; Miller's battery of, II., 59, 95, 122; men of, II., 164, 165; V., 58, 63, 64, 72, 71; VIIL, 119, 125, 127, 150; officers of, IX., 329, 343. "Washington Grays," N. Y. (see Nevy York Eighth State Militia).
Washington Light Infantry of Charleston, S. C.: VIIL, 115, 117, 167.
Wassavv Sound, Ga.: I., 301; II., 336; VI., 3S, 236, 271, 318.
Water cart, VIIL, 213.
Water transportation: in Peninsula campaign, VIIL, 50.
Writer Witch, U. S. S., VI., 189, 312, 320.
Wjitfrhou.se, R., X., 315.
Waterloo, Belgium: battle of: II., 272; X., 120, 122, 140.
Waterloo Bridge, Va.: II., 42; skirmish at, II., 322.
Waterproof, La., II., 350.
Watertown, Mass., V., 144.
Watervliet, West Troy, N. Y.: V., 144; arsenal at, V., 154; IX., 219.
Watie, Stand, Cherokee Indian: I., 362; leader at Pea Ridge, X., 267.
Watkins' Park, Nashville, Tenn., V., 65.
Watmough, P. G.. VI., 273.
Watson, ,L, VI., 233.
Watterson, H.: IX., 306; X., 21, 24.
Watts, N. G., VII., 104, 112.
Waud, A. R., artist for Ilariier's WeekU,, VIIL, 31 .
Wauhatchie, Tenn.: battle of, II., 297, 300, 303.
Waul, T. N., X., 315.
Wautauga Bridge, Tenn., II., 328.
WESTERN ARMY
Wayne, H. C., X., 265.
Waynesboro, Va., III., 332, 338.
' 'We are Coming, Father Abra'am, ' T. S. Gibbons, IX., 344, 345.
"We Have Drunk from the Same Canteen," C.G. Halpine, IX., 348.
Weatherly, J., IV., 200.
Weaver, J. B.: II., 308; X., 205.
Webb, A. S.: headquarters of, IL, 265; III., 46, 70; V., 21; VIIL, 178.
Webb, W. A.: VI., 77, 162, 171; VII., 139.
Wehh, C. S. S., VI., 322.
Webber, C. H., L, 270.
Webber, J. C., X., 292.
Weber, M.: IL, 324; X., 229.
Webster, Captain, IV., 315.
Webster, D., quoted, IX., 322.
Webster, J. D., L, 194, 197 fry.; X., 49.
Weed, S. IL, IL, 249, 252. 253, 254; X., 137.
Weehau-ken, V. S. S.: L, 24, 100; IL, 332, 336; VI., 38, 128, 171, 173, 274, 318, 320; IX., 330.
"Weekly Cfilifuniinn," IX., 35.
"Weeping Sad and Lonelv (When this Cruel War is Over)," C. C. Sawyer, IX., 351.
"Weighing bread," for I'nion armv, VIIL, 49.
Weir, R. F., VII., 226.
\\eisinger, D. A., X., 319.
Weissert, A. G., X., 296.
Weitzel, G.: IL, 215, 332, 342; III., 304, 344; VI., 246, 316; X., 193, 234.
Welch, J. W., VII., 63.
Welch, W. H.,VII.,4.
Weld, S. M., Jr., X., 213.
Weldon, N. C., V., 21.
Weldon Railroad, Va.: III., 208, 324, 340; expedition in Decem ber, 1864, III., 340; V., 215.
Welles, G.: VI., 50, 52, 53, 134, 142, 184, 300; X., 12.
Wells, G. D., X., 1*1.
Wells, W. R., L, 243.
Welsh, T., X., 303.
Wentzville, Mo. (see also Mills- vine), L, 348.
Wessells, H. W.: L, 364; IL, 328; X., 197.
West, J. S., VII., 123.
West Gulf Squadron, T. S..VL, 322.
West Indian Squadron, U. S., VI., 125.
West Liberty, Ky., I., 354.
West Point, Ga., III., 346.
West Point, N Y.: V., 110; en gineers, training of, at, V., 224; VI., 67; academy at, VIIL, 08; drilling whole battalions of raw recruits, cadets, efficiency gained rapid promotion, VIIL, 76, 110; cadet class of I860, VIIL, 185; U. S. Military Academy in the field, VIIL, 185, 324.
West Point, Vn., L, 302.
"West Point Light Battery," Gen eral Griffin in command, V., 21.
West Troy, N. Y., V., 144.
West Virginia: Department of, IV., 114; enlistment of troops in, VIIL, 102.
West Virginia troops:
Artillery: First, L, 300; Bat tery B, IL, 346; First, IL, 330.
Carnlry: First, L, 362; IL, 334; Second, L, 304; IL, 342, 346; Third, IL, 336, 342; IV., 119; Fourth, IL, 348; Fifth, IL, 346. Ixftntri/: First, L, 348, 300, 300; IL, 348; III., 328; IV., 332; VIIL, 102; Second, L, 352, 354; Third. L, 302, 366; IL, 342; III., 328; Fourth, IL, 322; Fifth, L, 306; Seventh, I., 354; losses, X., 154; Eighth, L, 300; IL, 342; Ninth, III., 320; Tenth, IL, 346; Eleventh, III., 320; Twelfth, IL, 336; Fourteenth, II., 348; III., 320; Fifteenth, III., 320.
Wrest Virginia, Green Springs, III., 328.
West Woods, Md., IL, 01.
"Westehester Chasseurs" (see also New York Seventeenth Infantry) : IX., 157.
Westerly, R. L: First Rhode Island recruited in, VIIL, 00.
W'estern and Atlantic Railroad: IL, 274; locomotive seized in, VIIL, 277.
Western Army, III., 104.
WESTERN CAMPAIGNS
INDEX
YARD
Western campaigns: map of theater
of, II., 353; important part
plaved by railroads in, III., 255. Western flotilla, VI., 214, 218. Western Sanitary Commission,
VII., 338.
Westervelt, J., VI., 320. West field, U. S. S. : II., 330; VI.,
190, 316.
Westminster Abbey, IX., 119. Westover House, Va., I., 335. Westover Landing, Va., IV., 229. Wet Glaze, .Mo., I., 352. Wet-plate method of photography,
I., 46, 48, 50. Wharf building, V., 291. Wharton, G. C., X., 319. Wharton, J. A.: II., 330; IX., 345;
X., 313. Wharton's cavalry, Confederate,
I., 360. Wharves: construction of, by U. S.
Engineers, V., 291. "What-is-it" : soldiers' name for
complete moving photographic
outfit used by Brady, etc., I., 46;
its uses, VIII., 25. Wheat, C. R., I., 302. Wheat and corn crops in 1861,
VIII., 46.
Wheaton, F., X., 305. Wheeler, J.: II., 168, 170, 326, 328,
330, 344, 341), 348; III., 108, 211,
230, 232, 246, 318, 330, 338, 342;
IV., 36, 144, 145, 147, 149 seq.,
151: blockhouses garrisoned
against raids by, IV., 151, 158,
160, 162, 164, 254, 262, 279 seq..
288 seq.; VIII., 275, 290, 362;
IX., 322, 327, 328; X., 249, 268. Wheeler, J. C., V., 65. "When Johnny Comes Marching
Home." P. S. Gilmore, IX., 235,
339, 342.
"When Lilacs Last in the Door- yard Bloom'd." Walt Whitman,
IX., 24, 254. "When This Cruel War is Over,"
f\ C. Sawyer, IX., 235, 350, 351. Whipple, A. W.: II., 334; X., 131. "Whistling Dick," II., 187, 195. White, D., X., 211. White, E. D., X., 24. White, E. .1.: I., 89; VII., 4, 59. White, I. II.. VII., 86. White, J., X., 201. White, J. L., V., 170. White, M. J., I., 362. White, W. J. H.', VII., 217. White House, Va.: I., 282, 284, 287,
315 seq., 317, 324; III., 84, 181;
IV., 80; Sheridan's troops crossing
Pamunkcy River near, IV., 127,
128; VI., 59; wounded at, VII.,
341; I'. S. Christian Commission
at. VII., 342, 343. White House, Gettysburg, Pa.,
IV., 201. White House Landing, Ya.: ruins
of White House, I., 315; III., 82,
91. 92; IV., 220; hospital boats
at, VII., 219.
White Oak Church, Ya., VIII., 243. White Oak Road, Ya., III., 284, 344. White Oak Swamp, Ya.: I., 288,
325, 327, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334,
337, 366; bridge at, III., 324;
IV., 87: Glendale, Ya., losses at,
X., 142.
White Post, Ya., III., 328. White River, Ark.: II., 194; VI.,
221, 222, 223, 232, 314. White Sulphur Springs, W. Ya.:
II., 342, 344.
White's Ferry, Ya., IV., 82. White.head, U. S. S.: I., 356; III.,
318; VI., 316. Whitemarsh, Ga., I., 360. Whiteside, Tenn.: railroad bridge
across the ravine of running
water, II., 317.
Whiteside Yalley, Tenn., II., 316. Whitfield, J. W., II., 324;command-
ing a brigade of Texas cavalry,
X., 313.
Whiting, C. J., IV., 220, 221, 225. Whiting, W. H. C.: I., 342; III.,
327: VI., 248. Whitman, W.: IX., 21, 24, 26, 132,
133, 134, 135, 254. Whitney, E. T., I., 40, 42. Whittaker, W. C., X., 207. Whittier, C. A., VIII., 114. Whittier, J. G., II., 60.
[2D ED.]
Whittle, WT. C., VI., 218.
Wickham, W. C.: III., 158, 160; IV., 98; IX., 343; X., 319.
Wigfall, L. T., X., 315.
Wilcox, C. M.: I., 354; II., 73, 328; IV.,301 ; IX., 127, 215,282; X., 282.
Wilcox, Ya., battery at, I., 119.
Wilcox Bridge, N. C., III., 344.
Wilcox Landing, Ya.: I., 127; III., 188; telegraph station at, VIII., 351.
Wilder. J. T., II., 344; IV., 34.
Wilderness, U. S. S., III., 342.
Wilderness, Ya.: I., 96, 122; II., 106, 272; battle in the, III., 11, 17, 21 seq., 21-50, 28 seq; campaign of. III., 33, 34, 36; battlefield of, III., 39, 40; Confederate breast works in, III., 41, 43; natural impediments in the battleground of the, III., 45, 47; Union and Confederate dead and wounded after campaign, III., 49; one of the greatest struggles in history, two days fighting in the, May, 1864, III., 50, 52; L'nion and Con federate losses in engagements on both sides, III., 92, 31*; IV., 33, 98, 197, 239; V., 21, 27, 54, 214; VII., 154, 230, 268, 270; VIII., 63; Sixth Vermont at, VIII., 65, 173, 175, 177; Orange plank road, VIII., 177; soldiers' graves at, VIII., 177, 191, 204, 246. 329, 367; battle of, IX., 139, 155, 261; graves in the, IX., 283; in 1864, X., 61; losses at, X., 124.
Wilderness Church, Ya., II., 117.
Wilderness Tavern, Va., III., 17, 36, 40.
Wiles, Mr., X., 19.
Wilkes, C., VI., 125, 291, 293, 310.
Wilkie, Lieut., VIII., 115.
Wilkinson, James, IX., 285.
Wilkinson, John, VI., 108, 124.
Wilkinson, M. S., I., 147.
Willcox.O. B.: II., 100; III., 90, 282; headquarters at Petersburg, Va., VIII. ,243; dedication of First Bull Run monument at, IX., 366; X., 185, 208.
Williams, A., II., 324.
Williams, A. S.: I., 231 seq.. 306; II., 70; III., 347; X., 85, 189, 216.
Williams, D. H., X., 291.
Williams, H. H., Jr., VIII., 117.
Williams, J., VI., 98.
Williams, J. S.: L, 354; II., 344; X., 267.
Williams, S., X., 49.
Williams, T.: death of. I., 250, 367; II., 25, 119, 132, 134, 180, 190, 198, 320; X., 133.
Williams, T. H., VII., 241.
Williams, Mrs. T. S., X., 2.
Williams' Farm, Jerusalem Plank Road, Ya., III., 324.
Williamsburg, Ya.: I., 266, 268, 272, 274, 282, 295, 298, 323, 362, 366: IV., 47; V., 30, 31, 200; VIII., 370 seq.; battle of, IX., 79, 85; losses at, X., 142.
Williamson, J. A., X., 205.
Williamson, W. P., VI., 140, 144, 154, 155.
Williamson, midshipman, VII., 139.
Williamsport, Md., I., 310; II., 60, 340.
Williamsport, Ya., IV., 76, 82.
Willich, A., X., 125.
Willis' Hill, Marye's Heights, Va., II., 87, 98.
Williston, S. C., III., 342.
Willoughby Run, Pa., II., 238.
Wilmington, Del., IV., 328.
Wilmington. N. C.: I., 94; III., 20, 335, 342; V., 160, 265; VI., 24, 34, 114, 238, 255, 273, 291, 312, 320.
Wilmington Island, Ga., I., 360.
Wilmington River, Ga., VI., 171.
Wilson, C. C., X., 265.
Wilson, D. J., VI., 301.
Wilson, F., VIII., 327.
Wilson, J. G., X., 23, 201.
W'ilson, J. H.: III., 196, 322, 324, 330, 344, 346: IV., 24, 34, 50, 128, 136, 138, 139, 153, 217, 241, 244, 256, 258, 262, 270. 273; and staff, 281, 326, 332; VIII., 185, 196; IX., 247, 343; X., 95.
Wilson, J. M., I., 287.
Wilson, R. B., IX., 76, 77.
Wilson, T.: charge of commissarv, VIII., 50.
Wilson, W., army scout, VIII., 261.
Wilson, Lieut., VII., 63.
Wilson Farm, La., II., 352.
Wilson's Creek, Mo. (see also Springfield, Mo., and Oak Hill, Mo.) : I., 122, 180, 350, 367 ; VIII., 102, 103; losses at, X., 142.
Wilson's wharf, Va., III., 322.
Winchester, Va.: L, 139, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 310, 360, 364; II., 148, 150, 326, 328, 330, 332, 336; IV., 78, 86; Berry ville turnpike, IV., 244, 248; battle of, VII., 228; "Sheridan's Ride," IX., 70; bat tle at, IX., 87.
"Winchester," horse of P. H. Sher idan, name changed from "Rienzi," IV., 297, 308.
Winder, C. S.: I., 366; II., 23, 28, 320; X., 149.
Winder, J. H.: VII., 29, 36, 76, 78, 86, 90, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178, 199, 210.
Winder, R. B., VII., 180.
Winder, WT. H., VII., 192. -
Winder, W. S., VII., 74, 180.
Winder Hospital, Richmond, Ya., VII., 284.
W'infield Scott Camp (see Camp Winfield Scott), I., 259.
Wingo's Inf., Confederate, I., 350.
Winnebago, U. S. S., VI., 247, 254.
Winona, U. S. S., VI., 190, 201, 204.
Winslow, E. W7., IV., 198.
Winslow, F., VI., 189.
Winslow, J. A.: VI., 300, 302; and officers on Kearsarge, L. S. S., VI., 303, 304, 320.
Winston, J. D., VII., 351.
Winter, W., IX., 238, 239.
Winthrop, F., X., 135.
Wire, tapping of, by telegraphers, VIII., 360-364.
Wirz, H., VII., 67, 78, 92, 176 seq., 177.
Wisconsin: camp of Twenty-eighth Inf. at Little Rock, Ark., II., 343; regiments' uniforms, VIII., 54; response to first call, VIII., 74; contribution of troops in Civil War, VIII., 75; losses during Civil War, VIII., 75; population in I860, VIII., 75; suffers a finan cial panic, VIII., 75: troops fur nished during Civil War, VlII., 75.
Wisconsin troops:
Artillery: First Independent battery of Light Art., V., 43; First Light Art., Baton Rouge, La., VIII., 248; Fourth, III., 318; Seventh, II., 328; Twelfth, III., 332.
Cavalry: First, I., 364; II., 320, 332; Second, I., 247.
Infantry: First, I., 348; III., 328, 330, 340; Second, I., 348, II., 336; III., 342; X., 119; losses X., 154; Third, I., 352; II., 25, 336; (Indians), VIII., 75; Fourth, I., 74; II., 320; VI., 234; Fifth, II., 123, 3t6; Seventh, II., 336; (Indian), VIII., 75, IX., 209, 211; losses, X., 54 ; Eighth, I., 352, 350; II., 328; III., 330; Ninth (Ger mans), II., 352; VIII., 75; Elev enth, I...368; Twelfth (French Can adians) , VIII., 75 ; Fif teent h (Scan dinavian), VIII., 75; Seventeenth (Irish), VIII., 75; Eighteenth, III., 332; Twenty-second, II., 330, 332; Twenty-sixth (German), VIII., 75; losses,' X., 154; Twenty- seventh, II., 352; Twenty-eighth, camp at Little Rock, Ark., II., 343, 350; Thirty-sixth, losses, X., 152, 154; Thirty-seventh (In dian), VIII., 75; losses, X., 154; Thirty-ninth, III., 330; Fortieth, III., 330; Forty-first, III., 330; Forty-sixth (German), VIII., 75.
WTi*e, G. M., VII., 319.
Wise, H. A.: V., 04; X., 4, 321.
Wise's Light Dragoons, VIII., 191.
Wissnhickon, U. S. S.: VI., 42; Jack-tars on, VI., 42; pivot-gun of, VI., 43, 90.
Wistar, I. J., X., 291.
Withers, J. M.: I., 193, 195, 205; X., 253, 256.
"Wives and Sweethearts," IX., 142 seq.
Wofford, W. T., X., 127.
Wolfe, J., I., 12.
Wolfe Street General Hospital, Alexandria, Va.: VII., 235.
Wolseley, Viscount: I., 98; quoted, VIII., 134, 154, 159.
"Wolverine Brigade," VIII., 196.
Women as spies, VIII., 273, 287, 291.
Women's Relief Societies: in Tenn., VII., 247; Relief Society of the Confederate States, Felicia Grundy Porter, President, VII., 247; Southern Hospital work of, VII., 296; Central Association of Relief, VII., 328 seq.; Central Re lief Association of New York, VII., 334.
Wood, A. M., VII., 47.
Wood, J. E., X., 185.
Wood, J. T, VI., 172, 29S, 320.
Wood, M. A., VIII., 281.
Wood, R. C., VII., 330, 347.
Wood, S. A. M.: II., 326; X., 255.
Wood, T. J.: II., 282, 2S4, 306, 308; IX., 115; X., 181, 198.
Wood, W. P., VIII., 282, 289.
Woodberry, S. B., VIII., 117.
Woodbury, D. F., I., 321.
Woodbury, D. P., V , 213.
Woodbury, Tenn., II., 330, 332.
Woodburv's Bridge, Ya., I., 278.
Woodford, S. L., X., 23.
Woodhull, A. A., VII., 223, 224.
Woodruff, W. E., VII., 47.
Woodruff's battery, Confederate, I., 350.
Woods, R. M., X., 292.
Woods, W. B., X., 237.
Wood's Fork, Mo., II., 330.
"Woodsmen of the North," VIII., 77.
Woodsonville, Ky. (see also Row- lett's Station, Ky.), I., 354.
Woodstock, Va., I., 306.
Woodward's command, Confed erate, II., 322.
Wroodward, J. J., VII., 223.
Woodward, surgeon, VII., 224.
Wool, J. E.: I., 364; VII., 100; X., 56, 204.
Woolen Mills Petersburg, Va.: ruins of, IX., 4.
Woonsoeket, R. L: First Rhode Island Infantry recruited in, VIII., 60.
Worden, J. L.: I., 358; VI., 36, 111, 161, 163, 174, 176, 241, 312, 318.
Work, H. C.: IX., 168, 178, 180, 183, 342, 344.
Wormley's Creek, Ya.: I., 253, 255, 259, 267.
Wounds: antiseptics for treatment of, unknown during the war, VII., 232; character and treatment of, VII., 262, 264; statistics regard ing, VIII., 126.
Wragg, T. L., VII., 123.
Wright, A. R., X., 115.
Wright, G., X., 307.
Wright, G. K., III., 60.
Wright, H. G.: III., 56, 58, 64, 67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 84, 86, 88, 146, 148, 156, 158, 162, 293; IV., 159; VIII., 204, 252; X., 183, 202.
Weight, M. H., V., 170.
Wright, M. J.: I., 7, 9, 102; illus trations of scenes within Confed erate lines, VIII., 105; X., 7, 27; tabular statement of losses in Civil War, X., 142, 144; some casualties of Confederate regi ments, X., 156.
Wright, W. F., V., 31.
Wright, W. P., V., 29.
Wright, W. W.: II., 125; V., 290, 294, 295, 298.
Wyalusing, V. S. S., III., 318.
Wyatts, Miss., II., 344.
Wyeth, J. A.: IV., 11; quoted, IV., 131, 144 seq., 158, 204; VII., 18; X., 27.
Wyman, J., VII., 330.
Wyndham, P., IV., 102.
Wyoming, V. S. S., VI., 48.
Wytheville, Wr. Va., II., 342.
Yale University, New Haven,
Conn., I., 12, 90. Yandell, D. W., VII., 352. Yankee, C. S. S., VI., 310. Yankee, U. S. S., VI., 308. Yantic, U. S. S., III., 342. Yard, P., VIII., 237.
[357]
YATES
INDEX
ZOUAVES
Yates, R., I., 174.
Yates, Camp, III. (see also Camp Yates, III.), I., 175.
Yaioo City, Sliss.: II., 342; expedi tion of. III., 318.
Yazoo Pass, Miss., II., 206.
Yaioo River, Miss.: I., 223; II., 182, ISo, 196; VI., 221, 223, 224, 314, 316,318, 320, 348.
Yellow Bluff, Fla.: signal tower at, VIII., 325.
Yellow Creek, Mo., II., 320.
Yellow Tavern, Va.: III., 62, 78, 320; IV., 23, 43, 98, 124; death of J. E. B. Stuart at, IV., 125, 242.
Yemassee, S. C.. II., 326.
Yonge, C. R., VI., 301.
York, Z., X., 271.
York River, Va.: I., 267, 324; V., 258; VI., 59, 315; VIII., 317, 324.
York River and Richmond Rail road, Va.: I., 2vs, 29!». 325; bridge of, I., 319.
York River Railroad, Va.: I., 316, 324.
Yorktown, Va.: I., 51, 115, 117;
Union battery, No. 4. I., 251, 252, 253, 2o.">, 2ttO; headquarters of Gen. Magruder in, I., 261; Con federate breastworks at, I., 263, 264; sand-bag fortifications of Confederates at Yorktown, Va., I., 265; Confederate fortifications at, I., 265: Confederate ramparts, south-east of Yorktown, I., 265; Magruder battery, I., 265; Two- gun Confederate battery, I., 265; First Union battery, I., 266, 267; Union battery No. 1, two miles below Yorktown, Va., I., 269; Moore's house, I., 269; the door to Yorktown, Va., I., 271; near the center of Yorktown, Va., I., 271 aeq.; after surrender, I., 271; lower wharf at, I., 273; Federal ordnance ready for transporta tion from, I.,' 273, 282; War wick roads, Ya., I., 360; garrison. Confederate, I., 362; IV., 47; winter quarters at, IV., 317; Union batteries Nos. 1 and 4, V., 23; ordnance of battery No. 4 at.
V., 25; Mortar battery No. 4, V., 25, 26 seq., 28 aeq.; Confederate works about, V., 30 seq., 33; larg est Confederate gun at, V., 55; fortifications opposite, V., 133; McClellan's guns and gunners to leave, V., 149; Confederate de fenses, V., 177, 1S2; entrench ments, Confederate, at, V., 198, 200, 228, 312; Cornwallis' head quarters used as hospital. VII., 259; Sixth Vermont at, VIII., 65; "Beef Killers" of the army at, VIII., 187; battery No. 1. VIII., 317; Farenholt's house, VIII., 317, 322; telegraphers' tent.VIIL, 343, 370 seq.; Confederate battery at, that fired on the "Balloon Bryan," VIII., 371; T. S. C. Lowe in balloon at. VIII., 377; where Cornwallis surrendered, IX., 285.
Yorktown, C. S. S., VI., 314.
Young, B. H., I., 19.
Young, Colonel, of Rhode Island, VIII., 26.
Young, Mrs., J. D., IX., 345 Young, P. McB., X., 263. Young, S. B. M., X., 303. Young, W. H., X., 313. Youny America, U. S. S., VI., 308. \vUng Volunteers" from the
Young's Branch, Va., I., 141, 157,159.
z
"Zagonyi Guards," VIII., 82 Zarrachcr, B. F., VII., 181. Zeppelin, Count, I., 113. Zoihcoffer, F. K.: I., 180, 352; X.,
147, 280.
Zook, S. K., X., 135. Zorndorf, losses at, X, 140. Zouave Cadets, Charleston, S. C
VII., 127.
Zouave, U. S. S., I., 3;">,x. Zouaves: VIII., 76; uniform of,
VIII., 77, 78, 226, 229. Zouaves, "Hush Hawkins" (see
also Rush Hawkins): VIII., 229.
RETURN TO: CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 198 Main Stacks
|
LOAN PERIOD 1 Home Use |
2 |
3 |
|
4 |
5 |
6 |
ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS.
Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. Books may be renewed by calling 642-3405.
|
DUE AS STAMPED BELOW. |
||
|
• • ' |
||
|
FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 50M 5-03 Berkeley, California 94720-6000 |
GENERAL LIBRARY -U.C. BERKELEY