Library of the atlusewm — | On . COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - — Founded by private subscription, in 1861. — PTS DR. L. pe KONINCK’S LIBRARY. _ No. JOA 3. ee 7 : 1 » ri ar) bad j A ‘ aes ie: cn Rein ih, A we a y 7 4 i Ne i, | i i a " ; \ * , i | a itt Sta ies 1 ES Ve ee Pain : ‘ 7 a Ue i » Ph Sid | Aw : bs ote Pd aah 14) iy | aa mare ih 1) : a ai a ' if, Mh i Ry mdi de 1 t oe Brat ane ‘alaieay tt ae ‘awe Me J a» a ® — iA , ‘ " vs j (Ve ‘j ae he i i] my iy ‘inh i a i. rt i 7 THE MINERAL CONCHOLOGY OF GREAT BRITAIN ; OR COLOURED FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THOSE REMAINS OF TESTACEOUS ANIMALS OR Spells, WHICH HAVE BEEN PRESERVED AT VARIOUS TIMES AND DEPTHS IN THE EARTH, By JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S. G.S. W.S. HONORARY MEMBER OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF GOTTINGEN, OF THE SOCIETY OF JENA, &c. CONTINUED BY JAMES D.C. SOWERBY, F.L.S. &c. Many, O Lord my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done ; they cannot be reckoned up in order to thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be numbered.—Psatm xl. 5. VOL. V. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, SHOE-LANE 3 > And sold by J.D. C. and C. E. Sowrrsy, No. 2, Mead Place, Lambeth ; G. B. Sowrrsy, 156, Regent Street ; Loneman & Co., and SHERWwoop and Co., Paternoster-row ; &e, MDCCCXXV. ty Ai Bee CPTI et se Neier foi %.” veh t iy “1 ‘ } “4 APIA Boek Rea ah ae cnt om: F tga f rst s ry Bl a ae of ," t MN i Tae ey Ayn he TE hy BPA een erag's AT at . at oie Se pos * oe, BY haps vr a et ee th wey Wk So bade ae eae Spe en erie ae % PD TONS D es ia eaalie tte Lv etvniigs ~" ad ni = 4 } J ’ ai 4 sats i WN BA Ser ad pape ee . 7 nee ’ A cali: Gale Pah Da hee Pisa dy s x a, eue rag * A we a” a ee | Baca “ pS ag >t ee ive’. x ' bi en 4 : “ A stra petce seed ae A ig os mig de eee hr map ASK: i sai wr ie ; eae i hagaten a. OME Sf Ne 4 aa fe; abe une SPO UHS AREA oo. |) Meee! be A ie Meda 0 Cae i Fae eras, ee ek BE shane Af Keke ey ; mos S welds) Ceakceasz., Nulas: gee Rie Tye a a PS ah rN HEH S NORA » a0 ce haa aM see KyY thin i Pea WI) ; a i, witha TWA Piaetist e Bid pe AP, AS ‘ ; Svat hese stan Ni Arete | ‘Ht me ogi «tJ | lat tetbn W eves eka RT wy Sine ty rate BPH MEU yi. otic) Ph wer suit Be” i Crania, Retzius. Gen. Coar. Anunequalvalved bivalve, slightly irregular, suborbicular ; upper valve patel- liform; lower valve attached, flattish ; mus- cular impressions four; no hinge; animal without a byssus. ——— Is this Genus the thickness of the lower or attached valve is very variable, even in the same species it is sometimes so thin as to have been overlooked ; never- theless it is that valve which possesses the characters of the Genus in the most eminent degree ; for, it is found to be attached, like the lower valve of Ostrea, by its own surface ; to be wholly destitute of hinge, by which the other valve is united to it, either in the form of teeth that lock into each other, or of ligament upon the edge ; to be marked with the impressions of four tendinous muscles, that unite it at once with the animal and the other valve ; and to have a granulated inner surface, especially about the margin, which arises from its cellular, and not foli- ated structure, a structure possessed also by Radiolites and Calceola, which Lamarck has arranged with it un- der his family ‘‘ Rudistes.”” Of the four muscular im- pressions, two are placed at a distance from each other, near the margin, which is generally almost straight be- tween them; the others are towards the centre of the disk, and only separated from each other by an eminence in the lower valve, while they are more distant in the upper; the free or convex valve has a nearly central apex, is generally thin, and has the same granulated surface near the edge as the fixed valve has, but not in so remarkable a degree. Vor. V. June 1823. 2 Although some of the characters of the Animal to which this shell belongs, may resemble those of Tere- bratula, yet the different mode of its attaching its shell to marine substances, and the very different texture of the shell itself, (resembling in many respects the harder corals) seems a sufficient apology for Lamarck’s placing it in another family, along with Calceola, &c. The strong resemblance of its upper valve to that of Orbicula, (a Genus in which the animal attaches itself by a byssus, or tendinous substance that passes through a fissure in the lower valve) has caused much confusion, which has been encreased by Lamarck’s forming a third Genus, (Discina) of a species of Orbicula; an error that has been pointed out and corrected by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, in the 13th Volume of the Linn. Trans., and in his own work, under the respective Genera. Only one recent species is known; it inhabits rocky shores and coral reefs, in temperate climates ; several fossil species have been described. © » CRANIA Parisiensis. TAB. CCCCVIII. Spec. Cuar. Suborbicular, depressed; upper valve thin, obscurely granulato-spinose, smooth in the centre; lower valve thick, with the margin much elevated, and of a conspicuously cellular structure. Syn. Crania Parisiensis, De France Dict. des Sciences natur.—Lamarck Hist. Nat. VI. pt. 1, 259. Cuvier and Brogniart Geol. des. env. de Paris, ed. 1822, p. 15, t. 3, fE 2. G. B. Sowerby Genera, plate of Crania, fig. 3. ee Tas upper valve is smooth in the centre; its umbo is small, pointed, and a little eccentric ; the margin de- scends over the elevated edge of the lower valve, is covered with short, depressed, scattered spines, and is rather rugged; the lower valve has a few obscure, di- verging striz upon its inner surface, it is attached by the whole of its outer surface, except what is covered by the margin of the other valve; a great part of it is com- posed of spherical cells, which are most conspicuous around the margin when uncovered, by the removal of the upper valve; the muscular impressions are very variable, sometimes they are hardly to be traced, at others they are very deep; the elevation between the central ones also varies, sometimes it is very prominent with the impressions raised along with it : when the im- pressions and elevation are distinctly marked, the general resemblance to the front of a human skull is very strong ; (hence the generic name). The depth of the impressions seems to be the result of age, although not confined to A large shells, for some individuals, that appear to be of a more luxuriant growth than others, are thin in the mid- dle. Since this curious shell was discovered by M. Defrance, attached to a fragment of an Inoceramus* Cuvieri, it has been repeatedly sought for; at length Mr. G. B. Sowerby was fortunate enough to find the attached valve upon an Echinus in Chalk ; its cellular structure was then noticed as a character by which to distinguish it from other attached shells, and numerons specimens have been met with upon Echini, lnocerami, and other shells found in Chalk, in various parts of England. ‘The upper valve had still remained unknown, had it not been accidentally discovered almost concealed in chalk upon a dislocated Echinus, picked up at Brighton several years ago, by G. B. Snow, Esq.: this is shewn in the upper figure. The lower figure shews three states of the attached valve, found upon an Kchinus sent from Norfolk by the Rev, G. R. Leathes, eT “This Generic name will probably bestperseded, by) PLICATULA pectinoides. TAB. CCCCIX.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Oblong, ovate, curved, gibbose when old; longitudinal ridges numerous, furnished with depressed spines; free valve externally concave. Syn. Placuna pectinoides, Lamarck Hist. Nat: VI. pt. 1, p. 224. By its curved form, projecting beaks, numerous longi- tudinal ridges, and concave upper valve, this Plicatula is easily recognized; the spines are not numerous, neither are they regular ; they are always pressed close to the surface, and assist to form the ridges; it is de- pressed when young, but when old sometimes almost globose; the length is rarely two inches. Collected in Clay, or Gault, below the Chalk Marl] at Cambridge, by Professor Sedgwick; it also occurs in the same formation at Folkstone; the valves are filled either with Ironstone or Pyrites. Lamarck having seen only imperfect hinges of this shell, from near Metz, has placed it in a Genus it does not at all resemble externally. 6 PLICATULA inflata. TAB. CCCCIX.—fe. 2 Spec. Cuar. Suborbicular, gibbose, rather smooth, furnished with a few ridges and de- pressed spines; both valves convex. — Syn. Plicatula spinosa, Mantell Geol. Sussex, p- 129, t. 26,f. 13, 16 and 17. | Tus is probably the largest species of Plicatula known : the smooth surface, and the small number of the ridges, composed chiefly. of depressed spines, suffice to dis- tinguish it from the last, and the convexity of both valves will distinguish it from most Oysters. | Small specimens of this have been taken for Plicatula spinosa by Mr. Mantell, but it is a very distinct ‘shell ; it is found only in the lower beds of Chalk with- out flint, and that called sometimes Chalk Marl, but not in the Clay beneath. The specimens figured, were kindly lent me by Feo. fessor Sedgwick; they are from the vicinity of Cam- bridge: I have others from Hamsey, by favour of Mr, Mantell. . 7 MU REX quadratus. PAE COCCK.-pe. 1. Spec. CaHar. - Short conical, transversely striated and obscurely bicarinated; base produced; beak short; aperture sub-rhom- boidal. A rew irregular lines of growth decussate the regular- ly elevated strie upon the surface of this short, rhom- boidal Murex ; it has no coste, and the sutures instead of being varicose, are only slightly marked. Probably this is a rare shell ; only one individual has fallen under our notice ; it was considered as the young state of the following, with which it was found mixed, until the want of costz proved it to be distinct. This is a Blackdown Fossil; the shell is as usual re- placed by Silex. MUREX Calcar. TAB, CCCCX.—/fg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Ovato-acuminated, transversely striated, costated ; last whorl bicarinated ; each suture supports two or three long, sharp spines; aperture round, with a long canal. fie strie upon the surface of this Shell are few, ele- vated, and partially granulated; the coste upon the spire are numerous and sharp; on the last whorl they 8 are lost, or at least only appear in the form of tubercles upon the uppermost carina; the sutures are few, and hardly distinguishable, except by the spines they are furnished with; these spines are only two in num ber: except in some few specimens which have a third obscure carina, and such have three spines ; the aperture is nearly round with a small angle at its upper part ; the left lip is raised from the columella; the canal of the beak is almost covered over. Smith in his “ Strata identified by organic Fossils,”’ has figured this upon the Green Sand plate without a name; the name above given, was found attached to some specimens in a dealer’s hands, but we know not upon what authority. Found in the Green Sand of Blackdown. TAB. CCCCXL.—/ig. 2. Spec. CHar. Ovate acuminated; surface di- vided into square cells by many acute sutures that decussate 8 or 10 prominent carine ; whorls ventricose, flattened above ; aperture oval, the cuter lip toothed within. Tur length is at least double the width; the upper- most carina is largest; the principal ones below it, al- ternately large and smail, with still smaller ones between them ; they areallrounded. ‘The beak is a little curved, and contains an open umbilicus. Found in the Crag of Suffolk and Norfolk by Mrs. Cobbold, and the Rev. G. R. Leathes; it seldom ac- quires an inch and an half in length. MUREX defossus. TAB. CCCCX!.—fig. 1. Seec. Cuar. Ovate acuminated, smooth; whorls: ventricose, bearing many obtuse carine; sutures numerous, acute, linear; aperture elongated, with many lamelliform teeth within its outer lip. Syn. Buccinum defossum, Pilkington in Linn. Trans. V LL. 117. ETWEEN the elevated edges of the sutures, the surface is smooth, but divided by many (12 or more upon the last whorl) transverse, rounded, alternately large and mall elevations or keels, that do not by their various sizes destroy the round contour of the whorls ; the outer lip is thickened internally, where it has many elongated, lamellar teeth; the inner lip is, when fully formed, re- lieved from the columella, and has one or two irregular plaits upon its upper part ; the beak is rather short. A species sent among others from Fiordwell; its sutures are not generally varicose, the smoothness of the surface between them, gives it a neat appearance. 10 MUREX sexdentatus. TAB. CCCCXI1.—/ig. 3. Seec. Cuar. Ovate acuminated, costated, lon- eitudinally striated, transversely carinated ; whorls convex; aperture elongated with 5 or 6 teeth within its outer lip. oo eeepc Mocs resembling the last, but the whole surface is marked with elevated sharp striz, that are more crowded, but hardly more prominent, upon the swelled sutures ; the thickened outer lip has about 6 obtuse teeth within it, in place of the many lamellar ones of the M. defos- sus; the last whorl is also more conical, and the aper- ture squareish. Brought from Colwell Bay, on the Isle of Wight, by Professor Sedgwick, who pointed it out as distinet from several other shells with which it had been con-— founded. The BUCCINUM labiatum. TAB. CCCCXI1.—/figs. 1 and 2. Spec. CuHar. Ovate acuminated, costated, transversely striated ; strie numerous, large, elevated and rounded; whorls convex; aperture oblong; its outer hip enlarged in the middle, and striated within. He strie upon the surface of this shell are almost pro- minent enough to be called carine ; they are nearly close together, and alternately large and small; the lip is thin and sharp, it has a very obtuse sinus that occupies its upper half, the lower half being enlarged ; the beak is rather wide, open and twisted ; the coste are humerous, long, and curved; the upper parts of the whorls are slightly concave. ound at Plumstead by the Rev. H. Steinhauer in i812,; the Rev. Mr. Iremonger met with it on the Hampshire coast, and it has since been found in Colwell Bay on the Isle of Wight by Professor Sedgwick ; it ap- pears to abound wherever it occurs, and is probably characteristic of the so-called upper marine beds. Fig. 1,is from a Hampshire specimen, and Fig. 2, one from the Isle of Wight. BUCCINUM lavatum. | TAB. CCCCXII.—figs. 3 and 4. Spec. CHar. Ovate acuminated, costated, fur- nished with many acute carine, and trans- versely striated; aperture oblong; lip cre- nulated at the edge, and striated within; whorls convex. Syn. Buccinum lavatum, Brander, f. 16. — Aut the carinz are sharp and equal ; they.are enlarged as they pass over the curved costz ; the striz between them are minute, but very regular : these characters will distinguish this. shell from the one just described, when the aperture is imperfect; when that is. perfect, its notched edge without a sinus adds to the certainty. . an abundant in the blue Clay of the Barton tem iter i 12 BUCCINUM crispatum. TAB. CCCCXIIL. Spec. CHar. Ovate-acuminated, roughened by” imbricated concave scales, placed upon numerous, close, transverse carine; whorls convex; lip subdentated ; beak subcanali- culated. Syn. Purpura imbricata? Lam. Hist. Nat. VII. 557. P. Lapillus? Lam. env. de Paris, 36. ++ I ee Bocciwwum Lapillus of Linneus, of which the recent Purpura imbricata is commonly considered as only a rough variety, is so exactly like the more antient species before us, that it is difficult to point out any difference ; they are all subject to much variation in the length of the spire, and size of the carine ; still it seems that in all the varieties of the recent species, the last whorl bears a larger proportion to the spire, than it does in the corresponding varieties of the fossil; the latter has also amore contracted beak, and no flat space between the caring: in the recent species there is commonly one large and one small carina alternately, with flat spaces between them; but in the fossil the small carine en- crease in number with age, so as constantly to fill the space between the larger ones. Whether or not the above observations be sufficient to prove the Shell before us to be a distinct species, it is certainly desirable to have a distinguishing name for it as a fossil. The doubt attached to Lamarck’s Synony- ma, only arises from my not having seen an authentic specimen, Very abundant in many parts of the Norfolk and Suffelk Crag. Fig. 1 shews a rare very short variety ; fig. 2 has one of the carine very conspicuous; fig. 3 the usual habit. There is much difficulty and uncertainty in fixing the Genera of Shells formerly called Buccina and Murices ; at present we have called the shells before us Buecina, but it may hereafter be necessary to sepa- rate them from that Genus, especially the first, the lip of which is like that of some species of the Genus Fusus, or Cerithium, and even approaches Pieurotoma. 15 BUCCINUM tetragonum. TAB. CCCCXIV.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Squareish, ovate, pointed, cos- tated; coste crossed by four large and several small ridges ; aperture oblong; lip toothed within. A. raicx rather square rugged looking shell ; the large ridges divide the surface between the coste into cells, that are crossed by the smaller intermediate ridges: it is probably when perfect, covered with concave scales ; their remains give it much the aspect of a Murex: the beak is short, and but slightly curved; the teeth in the lip are about seven, they are blunt. But one specimen of this species is in Mr. Sowerby’s cabinet ; it was kindly placed there by Mrs, Cobbold, who found it near Ipswich. BUCCIN UM incrassatum-. TAB. CCCCXIV.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Thick; ovate, pointed, rugged, with about five carine, the uppermost largest; aperture oval; lip obscurely fur- rowed within. Tue few nearly smooth, large, principal caring, with very slight indications of lesser ones between them, and the weight of this shell will always make it easily known : the obscure furrows in the lip form obtuse teeth be- tween them, and are opposite the carina ; the deep and distant lines of growth make the surface rugged. Au abundance of this very distinct species in all stages of growth, has been found by the Rev. G. R. Leathes in Suffolk, and a liberal supply sent for figure ing. ; Vou V. July, 1823. Sees 14 BUCCINUM desertum. TAB. CCCCXV.—fg. 1. Spec. Cnar. Ovate oblong, costated, trans- versely striated; whorls contracted above by a rounded canal; lip striated within. Syn.. Buccinum desertum, Brander, f. 15. Ty general the costz are very irregular, they are nume- rous but not very prominent, and have several sharpish points upon their upper extremities, where they are crossed by the striz; the upper part of each whorl is contracted by such a furrow as might be produced by tying a cord round it at a small distance from where it joins the spire; there is an obscure fold, at the base of the columella. From Barton Cliff by favour of Miss Dent, and the Rev. T. Cooke. Se BUCCINUM ecanaliculatum. TAB, CCCCXV.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Ovato-elongated, transversely striated; spire costated; whorls separated by a canal; lip thickened, sharp, dentato- striated within. Syn. Buccimum desertum, Brander, fig. 18 and 19? Axpour twice as long as wide, but variable in its pro- portions ; the canal around the spire is flat, with an elevated margin, and quite different from the canal in B. desertum. two or three of the last whorls are mostly free from costz, but they have sometimes one or two that appear to be formed from a thickening of the lip at certain periods of growth; the beak is curved, the columella has no plait. That this is the B. desertum of Brander, fig. 18, there appears but little doubt, although his figure is too short for the more common specimens. The thickened lip, and the consequent formation of two or three obscure varices upon the latter whorls, do not occur upon B. desertum just described: they tend to remove it from the same genus, but they are obscure and smooth ; it resembles Murex striatulum of Lamarck, but there is no canal described about the spire of that fossil. Very frequent at Muddiford and Barton, as the nu- merous specimens sent by several good Friends abun- dantly prove. 15 MUREX aca cen des. TAB. CCCCXVI.—/zg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Ovate oblong, transversely striated ; sutures in three rows, foliaceous, dentated, bearing one spine upon the upper part of each; aperture obovate; canal re- curved. . Syn. Murex asper, Brander, fig. 77, 78, 79, and 80. Murex tricarinatus, Lamarck Hist. Nat. VIL.177. Berween each of the beautiful, plaited, leaf-like sutures, isan obtuse elevation or tubercle; the striz are about seven, and elevated, corresponding with the plaits of the sutures ; the lip is toothed within, the canaliculated spine that proceeds from its upper part varies in length: the French specimens which are besides often larger, have it generally very short; the sutures consist of many laminee. Weare indebted to Miss Dent and Miss Tylee for the Barton specimens here figured. MUREX bispinosus. TAB. CCCCXVIL.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Ovate elongated, with three rows of foliaceous sutures, and two or three trans- verse ridges; sutures simple, bearing two concave spines to each whorl; canal nearly straight. A tonerr formed shell than the last: the projecting part of each suture consists of a single smooth lamina applied against two canaliculated spines ; the surface of the whorls is nearly smooth, without any elevation be- tween the sutures. Miss Dent favoured us with this new species in 1820: we have since received it from our kind Friend, the Rev. T. Cooke; it occurs sparingly at Barton, generally im- perfect. 16 MUREX frondosus. TAB. CCCCXV1.— fg. 3. Spec. Cuar. Ovate oblong; sutures in 8 or 9 rows, subspinose deeply plaited;, trans- verse ridges numerous, rough; aperture obovate; canal straight. Syn. Murex frondosus, Lamarck env. de Paris, 51. Hist. Nat. VII. 573. . c, tie is probably Lamarck’s var. 6 as the spaces be- tween the sutures are simply rough, not scaly; the sutures are so deeply plaited, that their edges are formed into a series of almost tubular spines, this being repeat- ed upon the several laminz of which the sutures are composed, as in most part of the Murices, gives them a peculiarly crisp aspect ; the canal is rather broad, and half covered. The Barton specimens of this beautiful Murex, are large and well preserved, but scarce. Miss Beminster has supplied me with two or three; it has also been found at Highgate. 17 Lueina, Brugwieres. Gen. Cuar. A more or less orbicular and in- equilateral, equivalved, bivalve: two di- verging teeth, of which one is bifid, and two remote teeth occur in the hinge; the ligament is external; two remote muscular impressions, the posterior one much elon- gated within the entire line of attachment of the mantle. Siverar of the species of this genus are ornamented with elevated concentric lines or laminz : in some of them the teeth of the hinge are partly obliterated by age, in others the ligament is so deeply sunk, as to seem in- ternal, but it is still visible from the outside; the posterior muscular impression, is curiously continued towards the middle of the valve, beyond the part where it joins the mark of the attached portion of Mantle. Were this character alone to be relied upon, we might, with Lamarck, admit into the Genusseveral shells with= out teeth about the hinge ; but this plan appears not to be universally approved : it is distinguished from Tellina by the even margins of its valves. There are several fossil species described by Lamarck but we have only met with one in England. 18 LUCINA divaricata. TAB, CCCCXVII. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, gibbose, marked with two sets of oblique arched strie, and 3 or 4. deep lines of growth. Syn. Tellina divaricata, Linn. Lucina divaricata, Zam. env. de Paris, 244, Mist. Nat. V. 541. fa De 1s round and almost globose shell, is rendered very remarkable by two sets of hollow lines that converge towards each other, and meet upon the disk near the posterior side, at an obtuse angle ; the shell is thick and glossy, inside it is commonly dull, and partially granu- lated. _ So exactly do the fossil specimens agree with recent ones from the West Indies, that Lamarck considers them the same, and we see no reason to differ from him in opinion; they are both liable to some variation, especially in the fineness of the pattern: the recent specimens are white. This pretty Hordwell fossil has been sometime in the collection ; the addition of a very neat individual has lately been made by the Rev. T. Cooke. It occurs also at Grignon and Bordeaux. The large figures are from Bordeaux specimens. ts) MYA depressa. TAB. CCCCXVIILI. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, depressed, very slightly gaping, anterior side shortest; beaks pro- minent incurved; hinge line straight, de- pressed ; ligament external, short. Suen thin, slightly undulated by numerous lines of growth; it has much the aspect of a Tellina, but although it has a bend in the front, it has not the sharp curve that characterizes Tellina. Many specimens have an external ligament preserved. Figured from a specimen in Miss Benett’s Cabinet from Weymouth. Miss Benett has also found it near Osmington, filled with indurated Clay that has by de- composition acquired a rust colour: Mr. Wier has met with it in the Clunch Clay, near Horncastle in Lin- colnshire, and I have specimens very much crushed in similar Clay, from Shotover Hill, near Oxford, where it is accompanied with Trigonia clavellata, tab. 87 : this Trigonia, besides some very remarkable varieties. of T. costata, 85, has also been collected by Miss Benett near Weymouth, and helps to shew the similarity of the strata at the above-mentioned places. MYA gibbosa. TAB. CCCCXIX.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, transversely furrowed, gibbose ; beaks prominent, incurved ; pos- terior side very short ; anterior side rather attenuated, gaping. "Tus differs from the last chiefly in its thickness and the narrow formed anterior side; it is nearly twice as thick in proportion as the Mya depressa. We are indebted to the kindness of Miss Benett for specimens of this shell; they were picked up near Osmington with the rust-colored specimens above men- tioned, in 1814. 20 MYA plicata. TAB. CCCCXI1X.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Oblong, ventricose, straight, an- teriorly gaping, truncated; posterior side very short, transversely plicated. A zour twice as wide as long, nearly cylindrical; the whole surface is a little waved, but the posterior side near the beaks, is remarkably so. Found in ferraginous Sand mixed with a few grains of green Sand, at Sandgate near Margate. MYA intermedia. TAB. CCCCX1X.—/ig. 2. Tas may possibly be a distinct species, but I am in- clined to represent it as a variety only, because the spe- cimen formerly figured, (tab. 76.) is not so perfect, and may have been expanded by pressure. Many specimens like the one before us, have been | found in the Bognor Rocks with the external ligament remaining. eae It is impossible to say positively to what Genus these and some other fossils referred to Mya rightly belong, as we cannot find the inner parts of the hinges. Several of them resemble Leach’s Genus Thracia, in having an external ligament, but that Genus is included in Anatina among the Myaires by Lamarck, and even the Lutraria has a small external ligament, although they are both arranged in families, supposed to have only an internal one: thus the recent Genera do not appear to be sufli- ciently settled to refer the fossils to, if even we did know the whole of their hinges. 21 TAB. CCCCXX. AMMONITES Catena. Spec. Cuar. Depressed, furnished with two rows of short tubercles upon. each side; whorls 6 or 8 smooth, with flat sides, the inner ones exposed; front rather convex 5 aperture square. EE So seldom is any more than the casts of the chambers of this shell found that its true form is scarcely known ; these casts have, by the decay of their surfaces, lost so much that they hang loosely together, like the links of a chain: when less diminished, they are found adhering but with very slight traces of the shell remaining ; it appears to be smooth, and to have no undulations or ribs excepting when very young: the tubercles are upon the inner and outer angles of the flat sides of the whorls ; they are of a moderate size, conical, with rounded points, and are not truncated in the cast: the edges of the septa are very much, deeply and sharply sinuated ; the front is slightly rounded, without any ap- pearance of a keel. A long known, and highly admired relic of the ancient world ; the casts of the chambers hanging loosely to- gether have an imposing appearance. It seems that this shell was first lined with a sparry crust, containing much Iron, and afterwards filled up with crystallized carbonate of Lime; the shell and ferriferous lining being very liable to decay, have generally disappeared, and left the remainder of the cast in detached portions. The most perfect specimen of this kind, is one in the pos- session of our valuable and scientific Friend, James Vor. V. August, 1823. 4» 22 Clealand, Esq, there is also a very good one in the British Museum ; the former is selected for a figure. I have one that exhibits a near approach to the external form of the shell, but would not make so handsome a figure ; it has in one part asmall portion even of the shell itself remaining; none of its joints are free: on one side of it are several young Oysters, and on the other, a full grown Oyster, (Ostrea Delta) they adhere so closely, that there does not appear to be space enough between them and the stony cast for any shell, it must have been thin, and is perhaps of such a texture as does not permit it to be readily distinguished from the Oyster ; or we must conclude that the Ammonite was in a fossil state before the Oysters existed, but had not been removed far from its original station, before it was again buried to form along with the Oysters the in- dex to another epocha. ' This is the species referred to at page 72 of Vol. IV. as resembling the A.-perarmatus. Found imbedded in sand in Marcham Field, near Abingdon, in Berkshire; parts sometimes occur that must have belonged to shells above a foot in diameter. Casts of A. perarmatus tab. 352, in a similar loose state of preservation, are found accompanying the A, catena, and until lately, have been confounded with it : the ribs that connect the tubercles in pairs will distin- guish them; such ribs being very rare upon the smaller spined A. Catena. 23 AMMONITES striatulus. TAB. CCCCXXI.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, carinated, radiated ; sides of the whorls convex; the inner whorls exposed ; radii numerous, slender, undulated; surface covered with minute strie parallel to the radii; aperture ellipti- cal. "Tue whorls are about 6 ; their regularly convex sides, and numerous, small, twice curved ribs, and slightly relieved keel, give a symmetry to the general contour that is not easily recollected: the diameter is nearly four times the length of the aperture; the cast differs from the outer surface only in wanting the fine stria, or lines of growth, from which the name is taken. Found imbedded in a marly Limestone nodule, accom- panied with a portion of some fossil bone, on the coast 10 Robin Hoods Bay by Mr. Crawford of Scarborough. AMMONITES subradiatus. TAB. CCCCXX1.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, umbilicated, carina- ted, and radiated; radii twice curved, ob- cure excepting near the margin, where they are bifid; umbilicus small; keel entire; aperture sagittate. Tue edge of this lenticular Ammonite is rather obtuse, and the carina not much relieved; the sides are nearly smooth, for the curved radii are very obscure excepting near the edge after they have become forked or divided, as some of them are, into three or even four short ribs ; the thickness is about one fifth of the diameter. Found several years ago on the road from Bath to Bristol] ; it has been broken out of a mass of the Ironshot Oolite ; no other specimen has reached our Cabinet. 24 TAB. CCCCXXI.—fig. 3. AMMONITES cristatus. Spec. Cuar. Lenticular, flattened, carinated ; keel thin, deeply notched; inner whorls concealed. Syn. Ammonites cristatus, Defrance, MSS. SEE Tue thin deeply notched keel of this Ammonite distin- guishes it from every other. Found near Weymouth by Mr. Bryer, who kindly placed it in Mr. Sowerby’s collection many years ago; it is a cast in Pyrites; similar specimens have been found on Mount Jura as I learn from M. Defrance’s col- lection. 25 VENUS transversa. TAB. CCCCXXII.—Afg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Transversely ovate, elongated, gibbose, nearly smooth; posterior side small, rather pointed ; shell thin. | bbe transversely elongated form of this Venus, (Cy- therea of Lamarck) distinguishes it well from the several varieties of V. incrassata (tab. 155.) found at Barton and upon the Isle of Wight; in shape it is between Cythereze nitidula and laevigata of Lamarck; it is rougher than either of them ; its thin shell is strongly marked by lines of growth ; the lunette is large, ovate and pointed. Found in the Barton Cliff by Miss Beminster. VENUS lineolata. TAB. CCCCXXII.—/fig. 2. Spec. CuHar. Obovate, gibbose, marked with numerous, minute, transverse strie. Syn. Venus rotundata, Brander, fig. 91. excl. Syn. and fig. 93. A yrat little shell, the striz are so fine as to require a glass for their manifestation, but they are so deep that they may be felt with the finger nail; the lunette is of a moderate size. This is not V. rotundata of Linneus, but there is hardiy any doubt of its being Brander’s fig. 91. his fig. 93 which Solander has referred to the same name, is surely distinct: it has been mentioned in our description of Tellina ambigua (tab. 403.) to which it is more nearly related. Presented bythe Rev. T. Cooke, who found it sparingly at Barton. > 26 VENUS elegans. TAB. CCCCXXII.—/g. 3. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, convex, transversely sulcated; lunette ovate; the spaces be- tween the sulci rounded and shining. Syn. Venus gallina, Brander fig. 90, excl. Syn. Linn. et forte fig. 94. Cytherea elegans, Lamarck env. de Paris, 232. /\ nature depressed shining shell precisely like the Cy. ericinoides of Lamarck (Hist. Nat. Vol. V. p. 581.) but considerably smaller; it is probably therefore his ©. elegans, although it is too ovate to agree with his deseription; it agrees better with his figure in the Annales du Museum : the sulci upon its surface are few, deep, sharp at their bases with rounded edges; the posterior side is small, a very little rounder than the other; the lunette is also small; the beaks are but slightly prominent. One of the less common, although not a scarce Barton Fossil. What Brander’s fig. 94 is, must still remain a question ; it must be a badly chosen view, if it be from a variety of this species. ae ree VENUS? pectenifera. TAB. CCCCXXII.—fzg. 4. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, carinated ; surface longitudinally sulcated, and sup- porting a few erect lamellae, commencing at the keel; anterior side smooth, truncated. Tus elegant shell has about four erect, rather thick lamellx, that rise from the keel which defines the smooth anterior side, and curve over the rest of the disk ; they are striated upon their lower sides, so as to resemble combs. So rare is this species, that only a single valve has been found at Barton, although it has been particularly sought after for several years: the hinge teeth are broken away, so that the Genus is left doubtful; it has much the appearance of a Crassatella. From the valuable collection of Lord Fitzharris. 27 FUSUS regularis. TAB. CCCCXXIIL.—fg. 1. Syn. Murex regularis of Zab. 187. f. 2. Murex antiquus, Brander f. 74. sed non Linn. ee small specimens of this species figured formerly, were not suspected to belong to Brander’s M. antiquus, buta series presented by the Rev. T. Cooke, several of which agree exactly with Brander’s figure and descrip- tion, prove that they are the same. The three species figured upon the same plate, (tab. 187.) and called Murices, certainly belong to the Genus Fusus, as it is at present established by Lamarck; they are all remarkable for the square shape of the elevated: lines that cross them, and are not met with abroad. FUSUS complanatus. ; TAB. CCCCXXIIL.—figs. 2 and 3. Spec. Cuar. Ovato-fusiform, pointed, costa- ted, and transversely striated; superior edges of the whorls elevated and pressed upon the spire; striz contiguous; columel- la curved: | "PT uere are two varieties of this Fusus, one of them has the costes much more prominent than the other; in both the obtuse, slightly elevated ridges between the striz give the surfaces a uniformity of character by which the species is well distinguished. ‘The beak is shorter than the spire, and a little expanded ; there is no appearance of a fold upon the columella, by which it is distinguished. from several nearly allied French species. Both varieties were found plentifully at Highgate, while the road through the Hill was in progress. Fig. 3, represents the costated variety. 28 FUSUS Lima. TAB. CCCCXXIII.— fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Ovato-fusiform, pointed, carina- ted; upper edges of the whorls elevated ‘and pressed upon the spire; carina many, acute, the central ones decussated by small sharp coste; lines of growth acute. — Upon the upper parts of the whorls, the carine are mere striz decussated by the lines of growth; in the middle they are sharp, and so much elevated that they almost form spines where they are intersected by the small acute ribs ; upon the lower parts of the shell, they are prominent, sharp and entire: in other respects this agrees with the last species. We have met with but one specimen of this neat shell, it came from Barton. Fusus rugosus of Lamarck is intermediate in form between this and Fusus rugosus of Min. Conch. tab. 274, but quite distinct from either; Lamarck has erroneously quoted Brander’s Murex porrectus, and we have been accordingly misled; of course Brander’s name must be restored. Lamarck’s FE’. rugosus does not occur in England. 29 NERITA globosa. TAB. CCCCXXIV.—fig. 1. Spec. CuHar. Subglobose, transversely sul- cated ; spire apparent; one tooth upon the inner lip; outer lip plain within. — Ee ics of four Whick ‘bards: andialtaw rowsief oblong spots decorate the surface: the outer lip is rather thin and void of crenulations ; the inner lip is narrow, with only one very obtuse tooth near. its upper end ; within the aperture near its lower part, is a conspicucus lamel- liform tooth that regulates the opening of the eperculum — by confining the appendage that moves between it and the lip : the spire is not prominent. The only circumstance in the form of this shell that induces us to determine it to be a Nerita, is the sulcated surface in which it agrees with many recent marine Shells, that have like it, no teeth or crenulations on the outer lip, but are still called Neritz ; being a fossil and much corroded, it may have lost its epidermis, although some colour remains. This unique specimen was lent us by the Rev. T. Cooke, who has taken much pains to fill up our list of Hampshire shells : it contained two valves of Corbula Pisum (tab. 209.) an intimation of its marine origin, 30 NERITA aperta. TAB. CCCCXXIV.—fig. 2, 3 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Sub-hemispherical, smooth; spire visible, depressed ; aperture orbicular, expanded; inner lip obscurely crenated, bearing one large tooth. See eed A. rurcxentne of the outer lip a little within its sharp edge, together with its general form not being produced in the middle as in many Neritina, seem to warrant the placing this asa Nerita. In most specimens the surface is marked with acutely zigzag brown lines of width equal with the white between them: but one individual has a black ground, with oval white spots. (See fig. 4.) Professor Sedgwick discovered this in Colwell Bay, on the Isle of Wight ; from his specimens we have taken figures 3 and 4, while fig. 2 is from a Barton example that we have just received from our kind friend Miss Salisbury. The Isle of Wight specimens are often much corroded. ol ANOMIA; Linn. Gen. Cuar. An irregular bivalved Shell: with a foramen in the flatter valve that allows the passage of a bony appendage by which the Animal is attached to marine substances; beaks none or very short. Ax the species of this genus have one valve nearly flat, and exactly conforming to the surface it is applied to and where it is fixed by the bony appendage termina- ting one of the muscles that is united to the other valve: this appendage is often termed an operculum ; it exactly closes the hole in the valve it pervades, which can never be opened by the animal, since the convex valve is the only moveable one: the hinge is a small ligament con- tained within the beak of the convex valve, and attach- ing the margin of the other to it. The convex valve alone may be known by three approximating muscular impressions nearly in the centre of it. This Genus is so easily recognized, that it is remark- able Linneus should have comprehended the modern Genus Terebratula with it. It is unfortunately named. B2 ANOMIA striata. Spec. CHar. Suborbicular, convex, when old contracted towards the beak; longitudinally striated. Syn. Anomia Ephippium, Auctorum. be fine striae that cover this fossil are very conspicu- ous in the French specimens, and are alone sufficient to determine it a distinct species: in the young state these striz are not easily discoverable, it may then be readily taken for A. Squamula, but the foramen does not extend to the edge of the valve as in that species. . A single valve of this remarkable shell is now and then found at Barton; figs. 2, 4 and 5 are from that place, two of them through the kindness of the Rev. T. Cooke. The small individuals fig. 1, were attached to Pinna affinis, (tab. 313.) and the group fig. 3 to a Pectunculus, both in the Sandstone of Bognor Rocks. It is not rare in several parts of France. 33 Doxttum, Lamarck. Gen. Cuar. A thin, subglobose, univalved shell, transversely banded; spire short; aperture longitudinal with a notched base, and crenated or waved sharp lip. ie "Tue shells that compose this genus have, from their general resemblance to each other, been long con- sidered as a peculiar tribe ; we are indebted to Lamarck for their separation from Buccinum, to which Linnzeus referred them. They have usually a subglobose form, although some are elongated and ventricose; the columella is generally curved, and has a small, some- times open umbilicus; the base is very slightly pro- duced and truncated, so as to forma sinus, but not a beak to the large aperture; they have a thin horny epidermis, that when perfect conceals a marbled or spotted surface, whose colors are but few, and not brilliant. The transverse bands are answered by fur- rows within the shell, aud hence the lip is crenated or undulated through its whole length. The species are marine and not numerous, only one and that an uncertain one, has been found in a fossil state, ao a “ , 69 3 org 7 34 Do.wium nodosum. TAB. CCCCXXVL. and CCCCXXVII. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, ventricose, ornamented with transverse rows of knobs. Syn. Cast of a species of Dolium? Mantell Geol. Sussex, 196. In consequence of the imperfections of the only re- mains we have of this extraordinary fossil, we can give but short details of its form. It is about four fifths of its length wide, the spire is very short and consists of only two or three turns; it is marked with a few trans- verse, prominent, rounded bands, and a few longitudinal striz ; the bands upon the body of the shell are divided into obtuse, not much elevated but large knobs, that.are but badly preserved ; the base and part of the columella are lost with the surrounding Chalk, that has been broken away ; there is no vestige of the shell itself, and the cast probably exhibits its inner surface only. Soon after the discovery of this noble specimen, in Clayton Pit hy R. Weeks Esq. of Hurstperpoint in Sussex, it was kindly lent to Mr. Sowerby ; it would have been figured before, but hopes were entertained of finding specimens to iilustrate such parts as are here wanting, no other has however occured. 30 TAB. CCCCXXVIII.—figs 1 and 2. CIRRUS perspectivus. Spec. CHAR. Obtusely conical, spirally striated; umbilicus deep, exposing one third of each whorl; aperture transversely oblong. Syn. Cirrus perspectivus, Mantell Geol. Sussex, p- 194. tab. 18. f. 12 and 21. | Nor quite so high as wide, with a flattish base, in the centre of which is an acute conical umbilicus ; the in- ternal portion of each whorl] is regularly convex ; the outer rather squared; there is no canal around the spire; the inner surface is pearly. Not uncommon in the upper Chalk of Sussex, Kent, Wiltshire &c. it is also found, but rarely, in the lower Chalk ; the place of the shell is often supplied by a green Steatitic substance, that retains the cast of the external striated surface. The specimen (fig. 1.) shew- ing the internal pearly portion, is from Northfleet ; the other was among a number sent from Wiltshire by the late Mr. Cunnington.: Cirrus depressus. TAB. CCCCXXVIII.—/ig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Subdiscord, concentrically striated ; umbilicus wide, exposing a small portion of each whorl; an angular canal runs round the spire; aperture obtusely angular. Syn. Cirrus depressus. MMantell Geol. Sussex, p- 195. t. 18. f- 18 and 22. "Tne short spire and the canal around it, produced by the prominent upper parts of the whorls, distinguish this from the last, it is nevertheless possible that they may be only varieties. Nearly as common as the C. perspectivus in the same situations, we have received it with a similar green coat- ing from Wiltshire; the specimen figured is from Bridgwick in Sussex, through the kindness of Gideon Mantell, Esq. 36 Cirrus rotundatus. TAB. CCCCXXIX.—/figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Conical, nearly smooth; whorls convex ; umbilicus large; aperture round. Veny nearly related to Cirrus acutus, t. 141. but the upper portion of each whorl is not flattened as in that species, and it has a general bluntness or roundness of contour by which it is distinguished at first sight ; the surface is marked with fine lines of growth. Found in the Limestone of the Lead Measures near Settle in Yorkshire. Cirrus carmatus. TAB. CCCCXX1X.—figs. 3 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, smooth? whorls few, ventricose, obtusely carinated, convex be- low; umbilicus large; aperture transverse, obovate. Bor little can be said of this fossil. since we know only the cast of the inside; its spire is quite de- pressed, and the whorls almost separated from each other ; the umbilicus is deep as well as wide. Sent from Lakehampton Hill near Cheltenham, by our scientific Friend Miss E. Warne. The genera Cirrus and Euomphalus merge into each other, they are distinct from Delphinula. 37 Mirra’ parva. TAB. CCCCXXX.—fig 1. Spec. Cuar. Ovate fusiform, short, transversely sulcated ; upper edges of the whorls defined, entire ; aperture elongated, lip plaited with- in; four plaits upon the columella. Oty a quarter of aninch long, and one-eighth wide; the whorls are slightly convex, and smooth and shining between the sulci; the upper sulcus is deeper than the others, and so produces a margin to the whorls; the plaits within the lip reach nearly to the edge which is sharp. Mirra pumila. TAB. CCCCXXX.—fig. 2. Spec. CuHar. Ovate fusiform, short, trans- versely sulcated ; upper edges of the whorls defined, crenated; sulci decussated by longitudinal coste ; aperture elongated : lip plaited within ;fourplaits upon the columella. Ix every thing excepting the longitudinal costz, this agrees exactly with the last: these costz are numerous, not much elevated, and slightly curved ; they divide the sulci into regular square cells, and give a rough aspect to the shell. Many specimens of both the above Mitres have come to our hands through various channels from Barton Cliff. Amongst them we do not find any intermediate varieties. 38 It does not appear that either of them has been pre- viously described. Mitra graniformis is the nearest given by Lamarck ; it is longer and wants the transverse sulci. Voluta obsoleta of Brocchi has a similarly ornamented surface but it is much longer and sharper in form, and has but three plaits upon the columella. 39 TAB. CCCCXXXI. ~ Triconta elongata. (var. T. costata?) Spec. Cuar. Elongated gibbose subtriangular ; anterior side obtuse, transversely costated ; posterior side separated from the anterior by acrennulated carina, bicarinated, lon- gitudinally striated, strie granulated. Syn. Trigonia costata (b.) Lam. Hist. Nat. VI. pt. 1. p. 64. re Mocn doubt is experienced upon examining a number of specimens of this Trigonia, they vary so considerably in length, or rather in the inclination the hinge line and cost bear upon the large carina, and also in the form of this carina; and we are strongly inclined to believe with Lamarck that it is only a variety of Trigonia costata (Min. Conch. t. 35.) The coste are rounded and pro- minent, they are rarely connected with the carina, but they are more often separated from it by a furrow. The carina is sometimes broad and low, sometimes it is elevated moderately, and at others it is very prominent and thin; it is always more or less crenated. The an- terior side has two lesser carinz, of which that nearest to the hinge is the most elevated; between them are many strongly crenulated ridges. The beaks are elegantly incurved. Two of the figures (1 and 2) upon this Plate are from specimens found at Radipole, near Weymouth and se- lected from among several in the possession of our very kind Friend Miss Benett; at first sight they seem very distinct frem the T. costata of the Eronshot or in- 40 ferior Oolite and their different locality would have con- firmed us in the idea, did not that species also occur in the blue Clay Cliff beyond the Old Castle near Wey- mouth ; they are also both found together in the opposite Kingdom at a place called Vaches noires near Honfleur. Fig. 3. represents a small specimen from France, and in Mr. G. B. Sowerby’s work upon Genera is a figure of the T. costata from near Weymouth, taken from one of Miss Benett’s specimens. There is an unfortunate circumstance attending the Generic name Trigonia; it has long been applied to a genus of Plants, and still remams in Wildenow’s Spec. Plantarum, a circumstance that has been hitherto over- looked, and the name has become so familiar to Con- chologists that we are unwilling to change it; otherwise we should recommend Lyridon as a substitute from the resemblance of the lines upon the teeth about the hinge to the strings of a harp. 41 PILEOLUS, G. B. Sowerby. GEN. CuHar. Shell conical, with a subcentral, upright vertex; base concave, with a thin margin and tumid centre ; aperture small, within the margin of the base, sublateral, semilunar, its outer lip prominent, the inner one crenulated ; spire internal, very short. | THE form of the upper surfaces of the shells of this Genus is similar to that of Patella, for it is a short cone, from the apex of which there are sometimes diverging strie or ridges ; the bese also resembles Patella, in as much as that ithas athin or sharp edge. Within this edge is seen the transverse aperture leading to a very short spire, that is wholly included within the cone, and nearly fills it up in the form of a cushion. The aperture is slightly curved and narrow, with parallel lips, and rounded extremities ; the lips are separated, that near- est. the centre is crenulated. We Suspect the spire is reversed. The wholly internal spire, and the prominent outer lip of the aperture, independent of the margin of the base, are characters not possessed by any other genus of involute shells. There are several points of resemblance Vor. V. pp e. 7 42 between this and Neritina Schmideliana; Neritina Altavillensis * has also been pointed out as very analo- gous, but both these differ in those particulars, and also in having an oblique apex. This Genus was pointed out by the Rev. George Cookson, andhas been established by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, in his Genera of Shells, where it is first described. It is only known in a fossil state, among the organized re- mains of a former Ocean, thus differing in situation from the Neritinz above alluded to. * Would it not be adviseable to adopt the Genus “ Velates,” proposed by Montfort, for these two shells, since they differin many respects from the other Neritinz ? i 43 PILEOLUS plicatus. TAB. CCCCXXXII,—/fig. 1 to 4. Spec, Cuar. Obtusely conical, with diverging ridges extending to the edge; margin irregularly crenated ; the centre of the base divided. Syn. Pileolus plicatus, G. B. Sowerby’s Genera. "Tere is an elevated margin to the flat cushion like centre of this species, and this centre is moreover di- vided into two parts by a slight sulcus that does not oc- cur in the following; the height is not much less than the diameter of the base; the inner lip is strongly crenulated. . Found along with the following, but rare, Fig. 4, is magnified. ee PILEOLUS levis. TAB. CCCCXXXII.—jig. 5 io &, Spec. Cuar. Shell rather flat, smooth, with an entire margin. Syn. Pileolus levis, G. B. Sowerby’s Genera. More depressed in form than the preceding ; the cen- tral portion of the base is convex, not circumscribed with a margin, nor divided as in P, plicatus; the inner lip is obscurely crenated ; the upper surface is nearly smooth in general, but sometimes it has irregular indis- tinct furrows; ina word, the general plainness and flat- ness of its contour distinguishes it from the P. plicatus, Fig. 8 is a magnified representation. 44 This and the preceeding have been long noticed by the Rev. George Cookson, whose diligent hands collected them along with several other very remarkable new shells out of a kind of Oolite, beneath the Bradford Clay at Ancliff, and also at Charter House, Hinton, in Somer- setshire. The specimens kindly supplied by him have been represented in the plate employed both in my Brother’s Genera of Shells, and in this Work. 45 TURBO conicus. TAB. CCCCXXXIII—fig. I. Spec, Cuar. Ovato-conical, acute, umbilicated, transversely striated; whorls very convex; base rounded, Tae whorls, six in number, are so convex that they are almost depressed upon their upper parts; that last formed is considerably larger than the preceding ones ; the apex is remarkably acute; the strie are small and very numerous. In its general form this shell much re- sembles the Turbo tenebrosus of our shores, but differs in being sharply striated, and also in having an umbilicus which does not commonly occur in the Genus Turbo. There are several recent Foreign species somewhat re- sembling it, but they want the umbilicus and have much less ventricose whorls. Not unfrequently met with, re- placed by Silex, in the Green-sand Formation. ee ee TURBO rotundatus. TAB. CCCCXXNIIL.—fig. 2: Spec. Cuar. Ovate, subglobose, pointed, um- bilicated, smooth; aperture rather pointed above, large. A. smoorn roundness of contour characterizes this shell ; the aperture is equal to half the length of it, and is longer than wide ; the spire is short and pointed. Found with the above at Blackdown, but more rare. The elongated form of the aperture ia this species and the umbilicus together, present a considerable analogy to those fossils of the London Clay formation that have 46 “A been referred to the Genus Ampullaria, although they strongly resemble in their general habit, and are found in the same places as the fossil Naticas, such as A. acuta, and A. acuminata; the want of a callus upon the colum- mellar lip, however distinguishes them all from the genuine Naticz, and it seems desirable to establish a distinct Generic name to arrange them under, On the other hand, the shell before us is so closely related to its companion, which may perhaps hereafter be separated from Turbo, that it appears advisable at present to keep them together as links that may serve to connect two apparently very distant Genera, the Turbo and Natica. We are of course totally unacquainted with the habits of these animals, but judge from their associates that they were inhabitants of Salt-water. 47 MUREX Peruvianus. TAB, CCCCXXXIV.—fieg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Subfusiform, ventricose, smooth, with 15 thin coste; beak a little recurved, aA Re Tae length of this Murex is about twice its width; the coste are formed at the sutures; they are imperfectly raised into erect lamella, and each whorl has about 15 ; the beak is long and narrow. Where the surface of this crag shell is most perfect, there are strong indications of erect lamellz upon the sutures, but in general it is so much decayed that there are only obtuse coste in their places. It strongly re- sembles Murex Bamflius, but has not so many sutures. The recent Murex Peruvianus of the Encyclopédie Méthodique (Murex Magellanicus b. Lam.) when worn differs in no other respect than size, we are of course obliged to consider them the same; the existence of fossil shells in the Crag, similar to recent species, has be- fore been exemplified in several instances, and shews that part of the Crag, at least, is of very recent formation, if not alluvial. A rare shell found at Woodbridge by Mrs. Cobbold, 48 MUREX tortuosus, TAB, CCCCXXXIV.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Turreted, subfusiform, largely cancellated ; varies in three tortuose rows, with two or three knobs between each; whorls ventricose; beak contracted. = Tn three rows of foliaceous sutures, are so much curved round the spire, as to produce the appearance of four ; they continue along the beak where they are very broad ; the three transverse ridges, upon the middle and lower parts of the whorls, are equal and not very promi- nent; the fourth, near the upper part of the whorl, is — large and divided into two or three tubercles between each varix, which tubercles extend over one or two of the inferior ridges. ) All the specimens of this shell we have met with are very much worn; it is very rare. We are indebted to Mrs. Cobbold’s generosity for a finer specimen than remains in her own cabinet. 49 TEREBRATULA elongata. TAB. CCCCXXXV.—figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Oval, convex, smooth; margin even; beak incurved. Very slightly rhomboidal, the valves are equally and regularly convex; its length at once distinguishes it from T. carnea, tab. 15. Fig 2. exhibits the appendages to the hinge. Common in the soft Chalk about Norwich. TEREBRATULA spheroidalis. TAB. CCCCXXXV.—/ig. 3. Spec. Cuar. A depressed spheroid, with a slightly produced beak. "Tne surface of this clumsy shell is quite smooth, and the edges of its valves even. Found at Dundry by G. W. Braikenridge Esq. ne TEREBRATULA bullata. TAB. CCCCXXXV.—fig. 4. Srec. Car. Orbicular, ventricose, with a produced and incurved beak ; front inden- ted; depth greater than its width. A. remarxazty ventricose species; from its indented front there proceeds a little way towards the beaks, an obscure furrow in each valve, the edges retain a regular $&4 00 level; in some states of preservation, the worn surface is minutely punctated, but this is seldom observable. It is distinguished from the globose variety of T. digona t. 96. by the narrowness of its front. Collected in abundance at Nunney, near Frome, by the Rey. J. Ireland ; it has also been found at Bridport. TEREBRATULA emarginata. TAB, CCCCXXXV.—/ig. 6. Srec. Cuar. Subrhomboidal; the lesser valve nearly flat, the other convex ; front defined by two angles or emarginate; edge be- coming blunt by age. Tir inequality of the valves is a good character to distinguish this species by. When young the projections at the extremities of the short angular front, and which resemble those in T’. digona, are hardly observable while in old individuals with almost flat borders, they are very conspicuous ; the perforated beak has a decurvent keel upon each side of it. ‘A rather uncommon Terebratula, discovered at Nunney near Frome, along with several others, by the Rev. J. Ireland. ot TEREBRATULA globata, TAB, CCCCXXXVI.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Subglobose; front elevated with two obtuse folds, and slightly produced ; surface often minutely punctated. A. povsze sinus is formed in the lesser valve to receive the elevated front of the other, whose angles are obtuse ; in the young state, as is usual throughout the genus, the folds or sinuses are less conspicuous ; the whole surface is minutely and elegantly punctated ; in most specimens the punctums are very conspicuous, but in some, whose surfaces have not been at all worn, they are indistinct ; and when the outer coat is worn away, they are seen to unite into undulating lines: they result from the pe- culiar tissue of the shell, such are often to be met with in other species but not generally so near to the surface. The lower valve is regularly convex, with hardly any furrows leading from the sinuses in the front ; the other valve has two slightly prominent ridges, that go a little way towards its centre. Rather common at Nunney, near Frome; the Rey. J. Treland has kindly supplied specimens. TEREBRATULA perovalis. TAB. CCCCXXXVI.—figs. 2 and 3. Spec. CHar. Ovate, convex, with two elevated sinuses at the front, which is depressed between them; beak incurved., = two valves are equally convex and smooth; the margin obtuse; the sinuses produce three very obtuse ridges, two in the upper valve, and one in the front of o2 the lower ; the regular oval form rather pointed at the beak end is characteristic, and distinguishes it constantly from T. biplicata ¢ (tab. 90.) of which three views are given in tab. 437 figs. 2 and 3 for comparison. Fig. 2 is a young shell, it is rather shorter, as usual, than the full grown one fig. 8. They are from Dundry, by favour of G. W. Braikenridge, Esq. TEREBRATULA maxilata. TAB. CCCCXXXVI.—fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Subquadrangular, convex; two acute rising sinuses in the front, and one obtuse sinus on each side; three conspicuous furrows in the upper, and two in the lower valve; front rounded. "W eu distinguished from T. intermedia t. 15. by the depth of the sinuses, and consequent furrows which ex- tend at least half way to the beak; in some specimens the two central ridges between the furrows are very prominent, and approach more nearly together than in the specimen figured, such shells are also generally longer shaped; itisalwayssmaller than the T. intermedia. A front view of the sharply sinuated edge, reminds us of the closed jaws of a carnivorous animal, whence the specific name. Sent from Nunney by our good Friend the Rev. J. Treland ; the longer variety we have from Farley. os TEREBRATULA Sella. TAB. CCCCXXXVII.—/ig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Subquadrangular, convex; front considerably elevated, narrow, emarginated when old; sides depressed, slightly rounded. ‘W ue young this shell is rather trigonal in consequence of the length of the sides and roundness of the front; as it grows older it becomes squarer, the front being more produced as well as more elevated; the beak is very slightly curved; the length and breadth are nearly equal; the edges always sharp. © A characteristic shell of the Kentish Rag Stone; a series of specimens were collected in the celebrated quarries of that stone at Chart, near Ashford, in Kent, by A. Power, Esq. several years ago. I have it also from Sandgate, where a mass of Stone was found by Mr. Goodhall, containing severai full sized individuals, one of which contained crystallized Quartz. The speci- men figured was said to come from Hythe. TEREBRATULA obtusa. TAB. CCCCXXXVII.— fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Suborbicular, rather depressed ; front broad, elevated ; edge obtuse. "Wns lesser valve is rather wider than long; but the projection of the beak of the other valve makes that longer than wide; their surfaces are equally and re- gularly convex, except near the edges, where they are rather suddenly bent so as to produce a squarish margin. I have only seen one individual of this Terebratula ; it was sent from Cambridge along with many specimens of T. biplicata, one of which has been figured upon Tab. 90. EE ‘TAB. CCCCXXXVIi.—figs. 2 and 3. These are representations of a young and a full grown specimen of T. biplicata, in views that appeared neces- sary to point out the difference between it and 'T. pero- valis, and also between it and the shells formerly con- 54 sidered as varieties of it, but whieh differ in several points, almost, if not quite, enough for them to be considered as forming a distinct species. _The surface of the casts of these specimens is very distinctly punctated ; they are from Cambridge; I have others also from Limerick by favour of S. Wright, Esq. ee TEREBRATULA obesa. TAB. CCCCXXXVIII.—/g. 1. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, gibbose, front elevated considerably, with a slight broad sinus in the middle; beaked valve regularly convex to the edge; beak incurved, short. A ance gibbose shell, rather more obtuse at the front ; the lesser valve is depressed a little on each side of the elevated front, and also, near the edge, into the central sinus, otherwise both valves are very regularly convex ; the width and depth are each about two thirds of the length ; the beak has no keels upon its sides. From Chalk, at Norton Bevant, near Warminster. It very strongly resembles Anomia ampulla of Brocchi, p. 446. but that not being a Chalk-fossil is probably dis- tinct; Ihave not seen a specimen. TEREBRATULA bucculenta. TAB, CCCCXXXVIII.—fg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Rather square, with rounded sides, convex; front produced, truncated, very slightly elevated ; beak short. Tue valves of the Terebratula are nearly equal, thin edges almost level, and not sinuated; the front is so roduced as to give the sides an inflated appearance, like the cheeks of a Fox; the length and breadth are nearly equal; the surface smooth. Sent from the neighbourhood of Malton; it has much the aspect of some Green-sand fossils, but is not sili- ceous. I know not what stratum it comes from. Its characters are very conspicuous. 55 MYTILUS edentulus. TAB. CCCCXXXIX. fig. 1. Sperc. Cuar. Elongated, smooth; disk obtusely keelshaped; beak sharp; posterior side nearly straight ; no tooth in the hinge. Very nearly of the same form as the common Mussel, but the beak end is deeper, much more keel-shaped, and a little curved; the sides are almost parallel; the front is rounded, and obtuse; the hinge line straight. A small siliceous cast from Blackdown. ee MYTILUS lanceolatus. TAB. CCCCXXXIX.—jig. 2. Spec. CHar. Lanceolate, slightly curved, smooth; disk, keel-formed; posterior side flat ; beaks acute. A. very elegantly formed shell; the anterior side is a regular sweep from the beaks to the front without any angle marking the termination of the hinge ; within each beak is one very long jamellar tooth. A siliceous cast found at Blackdown: it enriches the Cabinet of L. W. Dillwyn, Esq. and appears to be very rare, as only one specimen has been found. 56 MYTILUS | sublevis. TAB. CCCCXXXIX.—fig. 3. Spec.Cuar. Oblong triangular; rather curved ; disk obscurely keelshaped ; front straight- ish; beaks acute; lines of growth rather prominent. ES Tis beaks of this are more pointed than those of the common Mussel; it is also flatter towards the front and anterior side; the hinge line is straight, half the length of the shell. Very imperfect specimens occur in the Cornbrash limestone at F'elmarsham. a7 INOCERAMUS., Gen. Cuar. A free, more or less inequilateral, irregular, bivalve; hinge a marginal, sub- cylindrical, transversely sulcated callus, supporting aligament; leaks conspicuous, at one end of the hinge. <3 scheme Suru longitudinal, more or less gibbose, sometimes nearly equalvalved ; but sometimes with very unequally elongated beaks; the anterior side is more or less pro- duced, and supports the straight hinge callus upon its edge; the posterior side is sometimes lobed, at other times flat or convex; the hinge consists of a more or less cylindrical callus, produced by a rapid and very consicerable increase in the thickness of the shell at its edge; it is concave on one side, and transversely sul- cated to receive the ligament; it is the same in both valves; there is no opening for the passage of a byssus ; the shell consists of closely pressed laminz, composed of perpendicular fibres; the edges of these lamina form concentric lines upon the surface, but are net prominent ; some species have a lining of pearl. In all, the shell is very thin at and around the beaks, but becomes very thick at the edges, near the hinge, and towards the front. This Genus may be divided inte two sections, the first containing the species with short beaks, and nearly equal valves ; the second those with elongated beaks and un- equal valves. Nine years have elapsed since my lamented Father, in a paper read before the Linnean Society in 1814, made known the characters by which this Genus formerly re- ferred to Patella, and afterwards, in consequence of its fibrous stucture, to Pinna, might be recognized ; but ia consequence of that paper not being printed until 1823, much uncertainty has existed, and several misrepresen- 58 tations been published ;* the Genus has, however, been uniformly admitted as distinct. Its great resemblance to Crenatula, has sometimes induced me to think that it ought to be joined with that Genus; but a close com- parison of the hinges in many specimens of different species, all of which are wholly destitute of the spoon- like processes characteristic of Crenatula, joined with a consideration of its prominent beaks and gibbose form, has confirmed my Father’s opinion, and proved the ac- curacy of his judgment. Brongniart not knowing which species was the type of this Genus, and thinking the very prominent, unequal beaks of the two species belonging to the second section, a sufficient reason to distinguish them from it, has placed it in a newly formed Genus, whicli he has called Catillus ; but he probably was not sufficiently acquainted with the hinges of the species he still retains as Inocerami, to perceive their resemblance to the type. As to the Genus Perna, its species are of a much more foliated structure, and have a considerable sinus for the passage of the byssus; it is, therefore, readily distinguished. The name Inoceramus, from ‘é& (fibra) and xepauos (testa) is justly objected to by scholars, as an improperly formed word, and not expressive of ‘“ fibrous shell” which it was intended to signify ; it therefore ought to be changed, but it has been in use so long, that it has become general ; and, if I were even inclined to act the part of an innovator, to do so would, I think, only be adding to the confusion already existing in consequence of Brongniart’s naming the type of the Genus, Catillus, a. name not applicable to the whole of the species. This Genus occurs in many strata from the Mountain Limestone to the Chalk. *See Mr. Manitell’s observation upon the knowledge of the structure of this shell, page 212. and compare it with the paper in Linn, Traus. Vol. XIII. page 455, &c. ? 29 {INOCERAMUS Cuvieri, TAB. CCCCXLI—fie. 1. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, curved, convex, with transverse, distant, obtuse waves; posterior side concave, with a small lobe near the beak ; beaks very short, acute. Syn. Inoceramus Cuvieri. Linn. Trans, v. XITI. p. 457. Mantell Geol. Sussex, 213? Catillus Cuvieri, Cuvier and Brogniart Geol. de Paris, ed. 1822. p. 386. eee Tas gigantic species of Inoceramus is the first that has been defined ; itis supposed to acquire, sometimes, four or five feet in length ; it is very irregular in form, but is generally one third longer than wide, and not very deep; it is curved towards the posterior side, in which is a small, rounded, nearly smooth lobe; the beaks are not all raised from the hinge, so they cannot be called reflexed or curved, but they are sharp. The edges of the laminz composing the shell, or lines of growth, are placed at regular distances; between them the surface is smooth ; it has a long hinge line. It is extremely difficult to distinguish the species of the Genus before us ; they are not merely variable in form, but so brittle, that fragments only are commonly found. The general flatness, and nearly circular disposition of the lines of growth will, however, go far towards point- ing out the present species; the small posterior lobe, and short depressed beaks complete its characters. In consequence of the posterior lobe not being mentioned, and of some other differences in the specific character 60 given by Mr. Mantell, I have been obliged to add query to his quotation: it is probable that his I. latus is a flat variety only, for some specimens of J. Cuvieri are without waves for a considerable extent, and then have several large ones. Common in Chalk every where. The specimen figured, is the same given in the Linnean Transactions ; it was picked up in a Chalk Pit near Royston by Mr. Sowerby, and is the most perfect yet known. Frag- ments attached to, or imbedded in Flints, and casts of large portions: in Flint are not rare among alluvial gravel. INOCERAMUS Brongniarti. TAB. CCCCXLI.—/fgs. 2 and 3. Spec. CHar. Oblong, gibbose, with laree transverse undulations; anterior side an- gular, lobed; posterior side, flat, truncated and smooth; beaks small, curved and pointed. Syn. Inoceramus Brongniarti, Mantell p. 214, No. 85. 4. Lamarckii, Mantel, tab. 27. fig. Ll. and p. 214. no. 84 in part. W en distinguished by the flat, broad, cordate form of the posterior side, upon the borders of which the lines of growth and larger waves that occupy the other part of the shell are completely lost ; each valve is nearly as deep.as it is wide ; its length is rather less than twice its width. If we may judge from the fragment of a hinge that is here figured, and which, from the flatness of the pos- terior side,’seems to be of the same species with the smal] exainple ; this is as gigantic a shell as the last, 61 but much deeper. The flat side and the want of longi- tudinal furrows shew that it is not I. Lamarckii of Parkinson, in the Geological Trans. v. V. p. 55. with which, according to his figure, Mr. Mantell has however confounded it. It agrees better with the description of Mantell’s I. Brongiarti, but not well with his figure of that species. In Chalk, not uncommon. The hinges here figured, serve well to illustrate the Generic characters. INOCERAMUS cordiformis. TAB. CCCCXL. Spec. Cuar. Equalvalved, heartshaped, trans- versely and interruptedly waved; beaks large, incurved ; anterior side angular. i ee posterior side of this shell is not defined ; but rises gradually from a hollow beneath the incurved beaks ; the transverse waves are very high, and irregu- larly interrupted ; the width and depth are equal and but little exceeded by the length. The general form reminds us of Isocardia Cor, only that the hinge line being pro- duced, gives an angular form to the anterior side. The figure is taken from a remarkably fine specimen, filled with Flint, that was found at Gravesend. 62 INOCERAMUS mytiloides. TAB. CCCCXLII. Spec. CuHar. Equalvalved, elongated, de- pressed, with slight, irregular waves; con- vex and obtuse towards the beaks, hinge line oblique; anterior side produced; beaks short. Syn. Inoceramus mytilloides, Mantell p. 215. t. 28. f. 2. A smoorn, slightly waved surface, elongated form, and brownish pink colour, constantly distinguish this species ; the beak end is remarkably blunt, although the beaks themselves terminate in a sharp point. Peculiar to the lower Chalk ; it occurs in Wiltshire, Sussex, &c. This is the species Miss Benett has been successful in clearing the hinges of, after the suggestion of Mr. Sowerby, as mentioned in the Linnean Society’s Transactions. The large figure is from a specimen in Miss Benett’s Cabinet. 63 CRENATULA .— Lamarck. Gen. Cuar. A subequalvalved, bivalve, flat- ish, lamellose, rather irregular; hinge lateral, linear, internally marginal, crenu- lated; crenule arranged in a series, cal- lous, spoonformed, receiving a disjointed Ligament. omen Tus recent species of this Genus are flat shells, and composed of Lamellz, of a distinctly fibrous structure, which do not project beyond the surface, but mark upon it numerous, sharp lines much resembling those upon Inoceramus ; the hinge contains the characters in which it differs, it consists of a number of spoonlike pro- cesses, some of which, near the beaks, are placed close together, while others are distant, they receive de- tached portions of the ligament, and are not supported upon a distinct callus that, after being bent, extends be- yond the beaks as in Inoceramus ; those processes that are united together near the beaks, have still a furrow between the edges of their upper hollow sides, to which no ligament is attached ; this sulcus does not exist in Inoceramus, where one continued credulated grove in each valve appears constructed to receive an undivided ligament ; in Crenatula there is no great disproportion of thickness between the shell, about the beaks and mar- gin. Perna is distinguished from both the above men- tioned Genera, by having a sinus for the passage of a byssus. For other particulars my Brother’s work upon Genera may be consulted ; the above are suflicient to discrimi- nate fossils by. 64 CRENATULA ventricosa. TAB. CCCCXLILI. Spec. CuHar. Ovate, elongated, ventricoso- carinated ; posterior side impressed ; beaks pointed. ~ Kacs valve approaches towards keelshaped in con- sequence of its great depth and the flatness of the pos- terior side, which is also nearly straight; near the beaks the posterior edges are a little produced, but not enough to form a lobe; the front is rounded as well as the an- terior side ; hinge line short. There are but 5 or 6 crenulz of the hinge remaining in the specimens before us, but they are perfect enough to shew the characters of Crenatula, although the shell is much more gibbose than any known recent species. The one figured came from Husband Bosworth ; it was lent Mr. Sowerby by the Rev. W. D. Conybeare: at one end of it is a young individual. Another specimen from Bennall or Barnall Wood, near Gloucester, shews the internal pearly coat; it was presented by Miss Warne 65 TEREBRATULA. triquetra. TAB. CCCCXLV—fg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Suborbicular with a produced, incurved beak; valves equally convex; front slightly indented ; beak obtusely keel- shaped ; with carina on each side. Tue length and breadth of the upper valve are equal; the edge is level and sharp, and not much thickened by age; the indentation in the front produces a slight con- cavity of the surface, that extends more or less from the edges, interrupting the regular convexity of both valves ; the larger valve is besides obtusely keelshaped near the beak, which has also a sharp ridge apon each side of it, whence the perforation is triangular ; the surface is re- markably smooth. ¥ Found at Felmarsham by Miss Ludlow. i TEREBRATULA indentata. TAB. CCCCXLV.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Elliptical, smooth, more or less gibbose; valves equally convex; front deeply notched ; beak small, much incurved, N the young state this Terebratula, like many others, shews but slight signs of the marginal notch; when full grown the notch is deep and obtuse-angular; broad furrows extend from it about one third the length into each valve ; its length is nearly twice its width. Found abundantly in a dark greenish grey limestone at Banbury, and several other places. The two sides are not always equal. SS TEREBRATULA Sacculus. TAB. CCCCXLVI.—fg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, gibbose, with a deep channel along the larger valve; front in- dented. Syn. Conchiliolites Anomites Sacculus. Mar- tin Pet. Derb. tab. 46, figs. 1 and 2. A. smatt almost globose shell, well distinguished by the broad and deep furrow, that divides the larger valve into two lobes ; the other valve has also, near its edge, acon- pm ae Seer. ¢. Of. 66 cave space, in the middle of which is a slight elevation proceeding from a minute sinus in the edge of it. From the. Derbyshire Limestone; the specimen figured formerly belonged to Mr. Martin, who says the Species is common, particularly at Eyem and Middleton ; we have it also from near Matlock, on the road from Derby. ——— TEREBRATULA hastata. TAB. CCCCXLVI.—/gs. 2 and 3. Spec. Cuar. Elliptical, subrhomboidal, rather depressed ; front truncated and indented ; edges sharp. Var. 8, Small, blunt edged, and obovate. Fig. 3 V atves nearly equal, not very convex, rather concave near the indented front edge; the width is about two thirds of the length. The variety 6 is always smaller, shorter, and deeper ; its small valve is also less concave towards the front. The large figure represents a specimen from Limerick, presented by 8S. Wright, Msq. the smaller one, another from near Dublin. I have also seen another from Bristol. Fig. 3 is the small variety, sent by Mr. Moore from the neighbourhood of Dublin. All come from the black Limestone. SE TEREBRATULA cornuta. TAB. CCCCXLVI.—fg 4. Spec. Cuar. Short, convex, with, blunt edges, four lobed; the two mid dle lobes produced, the others very short. Tarecurarty five sided; the two sides that meet at the beak are convex, the others concave, the front very deeply so ; the lateral lobes are rather obscure, the others, obtusely pointed, and forming ridges that diverge from near the centre of the valves, - in each or which they are equal; the beak is short, incurved, and has a sharp keel on each side of it; the surface is smooth and shining, One of the prominent lobes is often less produced than the other, a resemblance is then formed to the unequally elongated horns of a snail, whence the name, From the coarse Limestone of Musi esiagy by the kind- ness of KE. Strangeways, Esq. 67 CUCULLZA elongata. TAB. CCCCXLVII.—/fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Elongated, subcylindrical, finely striated ; anteriorly pointed ; posterior side very short. IN ganty three times as wide as long; the valves are so deep as when closed to form an irregular cylinder; the beaks are small, incurved, and distant from the anterior extremity ; the strie longitudinal and very fine. Collected at Cross Hands by the Rev. Mr. Steinhauer ; the shells appear to have been found in the soft parts of the Limestone, as they are empty. ———ae—— CUCULLAEA costellata. TAB. CCCCXLVII.—/ieg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, gibbose, longitudinally striated ; anterior lobe wing- shaped, ribbed; posterior side rounded, ribbed ; beaks incurved, distant from each other. | "Tue general outline of this shell is an oblique parallel- ogram, twice as long as wide, placed transversely ; the strie are sometimes distant, at others very numerous, and slightly decussated by the lines of growth; each extremity is distinguished by 3 or 4 small, sharp, rugged ribs, the anterior ones have strong elevated strize between them; the anterior side or lobe is distinguisbed by the keel-like termination of the central portion of the surface. Siliceous casts of this neat shell are not unfrequent at Blackdown ; it is also found at Collumpton, in Devon- shire. 68 CUCULLAA minuta. TAB. CCCCXLVII.—fzg. 3. Spee. Cuar. Elongated-ovate, convex, striated, anteriorly submucronated; anterior lobe small, separated by a keel; beaks nearly close. eae RRaraer more than twice as wide as long, and smallest at the extremities; the ridge that defines the anterior lobe forms a projecting angle upon the margin; the anterior side is very obliquely truncated ; the valves are rather flat. Found along with a great number of small and even minute shells, among which are the Pileoli (tab. 432.) in limestone at Ancliff, by the Rev. George Cookson. Many of the shells that accompany it appear at first sight to be the young of larger species, but upon a careful exami- nation they will perhaps prove as distinct as the one before us. CUCULLAA rudis. — TAB. CCCCXLVII.—jig. 4. Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely oblong, convex, rugged and longitudinally ribbed; beaks incurved, nearly close together; anterior lobe not defined. Laxce rugose ridges occupy both sides of this shell, the middle is deeply striated ;. the anterior side is not dis- tinguishable from the middle portion of the valve. A very imperfect specimen, but the only one we have seen; itis in the Rev. Mr. Cookson’s suite of Shells found in the limestone at Ancliff. We are happy to have it in our power thus to acknowledge our thankfulness for the loan of the whole collection for examination ; itis very remarkable for the great number of*species of Shelis, Corals and Crinoidea it contains. 69 AMMONITES Planorbis. TAB. CCCCXLVIII. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, smooth; whorls three or four, two thirds exposed. Few shells are more plain in their appearance than this unornamented Ammonite, for its situation and analogy to the following leave no doubt of its being an Ammonite, although we have not met with the septz. It is always found so much flattened that little can be added to the specific description, for its thickness and the form of the whorl cannot be ascertained; wecan only see that the whorls encrease rather rapidly in diameter, that they have no radij or tubercles, and that the strize of growth are very fine. The inside pearly coat is nearly all that is preserved, and that is sometimes very highly iridescent. Not of very rare occurrence in a kind of slaty Clay belonging to the Lyas beds, at Watchet. Fig.1is from that locality. Fig. 2 is taken from, a high coloured individual said to be from Lincolnshire, placed in Mr. Sowerby’s cabinet, by the Rev. R. B. Franciss, 70 AMMONITES Johnstonii. TAB. CCCCXLIX.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Discoid; whorls 6 or 8 two thirds exposed, with numerous, short, straight costz upon the exposed parts; front plain. Tus numerous, very short, rounded, ribs or rather perhaps elongated tubercles, do not reach quite across the exposed parts of the whorls ; they are not to be found upon two or three of the central whorls which however may be distinguished from those of the last species by their proportionally slow increase in size. Like the last, this species is only found very much com- pressed and deprived of its external coats; the pearl that remains is excessively brilliant, and full of color. —— Johnstone, Esq. has kindly lent me the splen- did specimen here figured ; it was fortunately extracted from the slaty beds of Lyas Clay, at Watchet without injury. ‘Several other Ammonites occur in the same place, that probably belong to species found in other parts of the Lyas range, but they are so flattened it is difficult to recognize them. a AMMONITES parvus. ‘TAB. CCCCXLIX.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Discoid; surface marked with diverging, undulating strie; inner whorls exposed; front rounded ; aperture oval. Foor or five volutions almost wholly exposed, and but gradually enlarging, constitute this little Ammonite ; the striz are elevated, obtuse and numerous, they reach over the front; the aperture occupies one third of the longest diameter. Casts of this shell composed of Pyrites have been in Mr. Sowerby’s Museum ever since 1806 without de- composing ; they were found at the depth of 80 feet in a newly sunk well at Tunbridge. 71 EUOMPHALUS funatus. TAB. CCCCL.—/figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Conical, very short; ornamented with many spiral threads united by more numerous transverse lines ; umbilicus rather small. Iy many respects this resembles E. discors (tab. 52.) but is easily distinguished by the involute threads upon its under surface, and the slight elevation of the transverse lines, which are very regular and close, and do not give it the rough appearance that characterizes the upper surface of that species. Fig. 2 represents an apparently water worn specimen, in which the spiral ridges only remain ; it serves to shew the general form of the short spire. From Dudley, in the possession of Johnstone, Esq. of the Hotwells, Bristol. en EUOMPHALUS coronatus. TAB. CCCCL.—fg. 3. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, flat above, with broad flat, pointed spines around its edge; con- cave beneath. A very small, flat shell; the upper part of each whorl is flat, the lower rounded ; along the middle is a row of 72 flat delta-formed spines that are a little turned up- wards: the flat portions of all the whorls are arranged in the same plain, so that the spire is not at all elevated ; young shells are slightly undulated upon the surface. From Ancliff, in the Rev. George Cookson’s cabinet. This species seems to unite the Genera Enomphalus and Delphinula. 63* ASTARTE trigonalis. TAB. CCCCXLIV.—fig 1. Spec. Cuar. Cordato-triangular, depressed, transversely sulcated; beak pointed; an- terior side separated by an angle, smooth. ee Tu posterior edge is concave near the projecting beak, and rounded into the front; the sulci are numerous, not deep, they terminate at a ridge that defines the anterior side ; just before this ridge, the surface is rather con- cave ; the shell is thick. Not being able to clear away the stone from the inside of the only specimen that we have met with of this curious shell], it is not without some doubts that it is re- ferred to the Genus Astarte, but its external form agrees well with several species of that Genus. It is one of the treasures which Mr. Johnstone has kindly allowed to travel from his Cabinet. It was found at Dundry. 64* ASTARTE. orbicularis. TAB. CCCCXLIV.—figs. 2 and 3. Spec. ‘Cuar. Lenticular, with many concentric, reflected lamelle upon its surface; edge smooth. Very nearly orbicular ; there is a slightly projecting angle at the end of the straight hinge line; the con- centric lamella are not very much elevated, they are ‘very numerous. A’minute ‘shel, fourid with the following in:theisame stone that produces the Pileopsis, at Aucliff. The larger figures are magnified. ~ASTARTE pumila, TAB. CCCCXLIV.—/gs, 4, 5 and 6. . Spec. ‘Cur. ‘Obliquely obovate, ‘slightly con- vex, with nunierous concentric ridges; edge crenated within. Tue posterior side of this shell is very small with a semicircular edge; the anterior ‘side lis produced, and obtuse ; the ridges are narrow, slightly elevated, and equal to the spaces between them ; by age the shell be- comes longer than wide ; the edge is strongly crenulated within. Fig. 4, shews an old individual; fig. 5, a middle sized one; fig. 6, is an enlarged representation of the insides of the valves. Found at Ancliffe by the Rev. George Cookson. PINNA granulata. TAB. CCCXLVII. Spec. CuHar. Broad, nearly equilateral, convex, obscurely decussated, with a small elevation in the centre of each division ; anterior side rounded. A broap shell, particularly thick about the anterior side and edge ; there is a rounded longitudinal elevation towards the posterior side which makes some fragments resemble those of a Mytilus ; the length of the specimen figured is 83 inches, the width 6. Some time ago I was shewn fragments of this shell from the Kimmeridge Clay, near Weymouth, and mis- took them for parts of Mytilus amplus, (M. Con. t. 27.) which by the bye is surely a Pinna, by Prof. Sedgwick. The specimen figured being much more perfect has set me right I trust . it is in the cabinet of Mr. De la Beche, who obtained it at Weymouth. Beal uh o i c 7 es a e i sh i aces + : 0 Sc minanmennel Wii a if y fast j ee ies Pern th AED wr Mi sshd (eee, aii oS Par i tat RRR EN aR a tan Dh aOR, wala nN a 43 both nies kis 4 he ‘ ete aS ioe. ‘Baas i ag Nua thereat, (fincas ia | dliw Soothe at Aaya de Mi 0 afte NPY Mosens feb is) hii f ‘gt eg Ay y sistas lta ne # rs Ny 1a) ay fe head 7 a ir by ibnwer® Ds , (th Di er ; Oo cea? WED. " qx i a ha ed AE VW hae” se i ba? ube ‘Ca t =) ; ; me ° ay se do bite my — mn aa - yi th Cu ais 5 "it soda a ade sui denial Wier CLONE crepes, Pebihustg dol Lob hieot's; ed nid antl i ‘ti Lea) daca ath lle aida sbiiit! qeiiaheog’ ‘oral (aad ane vgs Ye hd gtial-oel)) cenit gtt wile at olde Diy Metre cet ee Biri @rttbier beni ; We wn do pret ‘erate ane d “Hog 1 “wine Lan irae reve’ gir yi eu at ea andy fil ea nul hl eoiaq. Monde aby 9? ae ‘ ge oath, ad eu f elowye. dk ir ob te dat > daa ‘ane jaskag: awa onion ‘ayia nneioneias taut slo vt tv ouakdno ikon af ab keen” BY is ard eae ea Wy i 7 * j ee RE is a i a nae tn) pees doe +3 hin ve my ane TiN, j Ay: in is in Paps) ra ey 4 ae ', fr rn , ah; ae lal! ’ a ? mur me % ‘| ies Pe % : ’ a . 8 of he t eal ™ ft 67 CHAMA squamosa. TAB. CCCXLVIIL Spec. Cuar. Attached by the right valve ; nearly orbicular, subglobose, imbricated ; lamelle undivided, somewhat erect, ante- riorly produced, and adpressed; posterior part of the right valve obsoletely costated ; left valve rather convex ; smooth within. Syn. Chama squamosa. Brander, 86 and 87. EE Distinevisuazre from Chama lamellosa of Lamarck, who has referred to Brander for his shell, by its undi- vided and not even lobed lamelle. In the section to which this species belongs the right valve is the largest and the one attached to foreign sub- stances: by considering this the two sections of the genus made by Lamarck will be as readily recognised, as by observing whether the beaks turn to the right or the left hand, and the definition become more intelligible. Extremely common at Barton, where perfect pairs are often found: it seldom exceeds in size the specimens figured ; it is consequently a smaller shell than C. lamel- losa: I have small individuals from some part of France ; I think the neighbourhood of Paris ; it is however rare in that country. AB, JI9tD Sank sr 200108 bobitihaa-s " ; ¥ , i \ | % » a +) *. } , ai a, 4 ; yg” . +i vr ' Vid 7 i bday on io ; =e AA ipl i ni Wis ou ead By ae ' \ . * tga ; ' Abag 4 co : : eee 0 RRR Pa re ' ; ~) » i ee i ) ee ’ ' Py . , ‘ pay oes +3 1 ivy * n ’ Re m - : oh if ‘Ae if 4 il * - a ar ¥ mer. may 2iarsHOo: aur abt , b Rent ie may haan a " ila ata bald gd heitantid and ‘a 4 hoteointani iemmlolydna taktgidio ye aokiateog: ; boxsgt DB hewn ‘sean’ i brokdeoo yolrtoeds ati Sdgit, oa} io 3 2 how Mootek ' £94602 roel bn srlaz ft iH 36 ayn’ oe wsoniyh, ‘ aaomagypa emolxs svt’ to enlintte at F ouant Risaneogis i | ibd! wth biog etal: id ast whteerSh 8 barton | bovis — altocand frsdal aon jou bin, win gobh menol wepicroorye tabs slobed vey woliage 4 vig naire 6b Parlootin ono salt hen teopil « id silt. Too apaltens evs odd. alaly airtvabtema yd naar Snphagtnen giitieon an: od Hin Feraeennth pligi on i ic ‘qormdyet yd ay ured walneal colt tute anivinleehe cn it Ahif igi bot at syste amaedd goiils aadtoha elt big hese fiols | "at yey RAB Sovalda-arg tinder medial dix onrares viswmeas hg as Om neers HCY iia: eve nrosiee srabire a y bata ebveigt ey dinald aide spllinte nvliaonpeatos at Hi plas | att : ao@na%h to rely sere envoy? olawhivibei faa 9 vidit ie vii ronal et 3 ‘ aia Ww dari wt — ; 73 AMMONITES | leviusculus. TAB. CCCCLI.—/figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, carinated, umbilicated, obscurely radiated; carina distinct; radii waved, alternately long and short, slightly elevated ; umbilicus small, exposing parts of the inner whorls; aperture sagittate. no Ong half of the diameter of the shell is occupied by the aperture, a third of the other half by the umbilicus, in full grown individuals ; in young ones the umbilicus is larger. The front is obtuse with a large prominent keel in the middle of it; the sides are rather convex marked with waved, elevated radii, that are broader and less conspicuous on the outer whorls of the full grown shells. In young shells the aperture is oblong, rather square ; as the shell grows older, the aperture becomes longer, more deeply notched by the preceding whorl, and narrower towards the front. Found in the inferior or Ironshot Oolite, at Dundr y by G. W. Braikenridge, Esq. to whose liberality we are indebted for a series of specimens. 74 AMMONITES corrugatus, TAB. CCCCLI—/ig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, carinated and umbili- cated, strongly radiated; carina distinct; radii waved, sometimes furcated, elevated ; umbilicus broad, exposing parts of the inner whorls; aperture obovate ; front obtuse. Resemaxine the last, but thicker, with more prominent radii, and a broader front. - From Dundry, with the A. leviusculus. AMMONITES varicosus. _ TAB. CCCCLI.—figs. 4 and 5. Spec, Cuar- Depressed, costated; inner vo- Jutions exposed; carinated when young, and furnished with an irregular row of tu- bercles upon the inner edges of the whorls ; coste curved, large, obtuse, in old shells crossing the front; carina distinct; aperture oblong. In the very young state this Ammonite like many others, appears to be nearly plain, but has a distinct carina ; as it grows older, a series of crescent shaped, nearly close ribs appear on each side of the keel, and a few small tubercles arise upon the inner edges of the 75 whorls; by degrees the ribs that are formed are long enough to join the tubercles, and the keel gradually be- comes smaller until the ribs are no longer divided by it; lastly, the keel entirely disappears, and the ribs become large, broad and blunt. The aperture is about one third of the diameter of the shell in length ; sometimes two ribs join one tubercle. . Casts of this variable Ammonite are by no means rare in the Sandstone of Blackdown ; the space once occupied by the shell itself, which appears to have been thin, is filled by nearly transparent silex, that has, partly in con- sequence of its tenuity, a slightly pearly lustre, and forms an elegant petrifaction. The difference between the young and old shells is so great, that they are gene- rally taken for distinct species, but the centre of the old shell often shews the form of the young one. AMMONITES § Turneri. TAB. CCCCLII. Spec. Cuar. Depressed, radiated, carinated, a furrow on each side of the keel; inner whorls exposed; radii numerous, equal, curved towards the front; aperture oblong, quadrangular. | Vouvtions about five, the inner ones almost wholly ex- posed ; the radii are almost straight until they are rather suddenly bent towards the front; the aperture is less than one third of the diameter of the last whorl in length. The more exposed whorls, squareish aperture, and differently curved radii, distinguish this from A. Brookii, fab. 190. to which it bears a strong resemblance. The upper figure represents a cast in Pyrites among Clay from Wymondham Abbey ; it is probably out of an alluvial bed. We are indebted to our kind Friend, the celebrated Botanist, Dawson Turner, Esq. for it. The lower figure is from a very much compressed specimen, in which the shell remains imbedded in a slaty clay. Found at Watchet, where this species does not appear to be very common. 76 AMMONITES rotiformis. TAB. CCCCLIII. Spec. Cuar. Depressed, ribbed, carinated, a furrow upon each side of the keel; inner whorls exposed, many; ribs many, strong, each terminating in a tubercle; aperture nearly square. Tue sides of this Ammonite are very slightly concave, the front is flat witha sunk keel; the ribs rising in knobs just as they reach the front, give the whorls a very square aspect ; the ribs and the hollows between them, are nearly equal; the aperture occupies only one sixth of the diameter of the shell, and is very little longer than wide. From the Lyas, near Yeovil; the specimen is very rugged, about seven inches in diameter ; the figure is di- minished. AMMONITES amulticostata. TAB. CCCCLIV. Spec. Cuar. Depressed, costated, carinated, a furrow on each side of the keel; imner whorls exposed, few; ribs strong, sharp, numerous, with a tubercle near the end of each; aperture oblong. Mocu resembling the last, but not so flat ; the ribs dif- fer in form; they are more extended over the front and bent forwards from the depressed tubercle nearly to the furrow 3 the length of the aperture is more than one fourth of the diameter of the last whorl; the sides are not so remarkably flat, as in the A. rotiformis. The figure is diminished from an individual 14 inches in diameter, and between 3 and 4 inches thick, found in Lyas near Bath. ay ACTEON cuspidatus. TAB. CCCCLV.—/ig. 1. Spec. CuHar- Subcylindrical, smooth; spire immersed, cuspidated; one plait upon the columella. SSeneneninninemini:.-.... a , ae eo é ri md j 7h wet rf y j Wey 4 { j A 7 2 ie 4 r "head ey aid * - - * : | : ' i > Fre a ty 2 iy y x av ’ 4 ‘ Cad afta ed 3 y tk : " ‘ 4 . a” we, sy 7 ‘ : : P ¥ 4) Nie 93 NERITA spirata. TAB, CCCCLXIII.—fis. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Semiglobose, smooth; spire small, partly immersed ; upper parts of the whorls flat, when old, concave ; aperture trans- versely oval. A smoorn ventricose Nerite, rapidly expanding towards the aperture; the lines of growth are sometimes rather conspicuous upon the flat parts of the whorls, in other parts they are very slight: IT have not seen the co- lumella. Occurs in the mountain Limestone. Fig. 1, is from a specimen presented by the Rev. Robert Plumtree; it was found in Gloucestershire, and fig. 2, a small indivi- dual, from Derbyshire: it has also been found near Bristol, the Dean of Bristol having obtained a speci- men in that neighbour- hood. en NERITA minuta. TAB. CCCCLXII.—/g. 3 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Hemispherical, smooth; spire indistinct; aperture oval; columellar lip not toothed. Very small and smooth; length not one line; the entire edge of the columella makes it 2 doubtful Nerite. Produced by the Oolite of Ancliff, along with the next. Figured from the Cabinet of the Rev. George Cookson ; fig. 3 is magnified. o4 NERITA. costata. TAB. CCCCLXUI.—/fgs. 5 and 6. Spec. Cuar. Hemispherical; spire conspicu- ous, impressed ; whorls transversely cos- tated’; coste thin, sharp, numerous; aper- ture expanded, orbicular; columellar lip prominent, obtuse. ee Raraze shorter, but otheways resembling the many ridged harp in miniature ; its whorls are separated by an imperfect. canal; the left lip is produced, and almost. divided ‘by an obscure sinus into two blunt teeth. Presented by the Rev. G. Cookson ; it is one of the most elegant productions of the Ancliff Oolite. Figures 6 are two enlarged views. 95 BULLA Linn. &c. Gen. Cuar.. An _ ovato-globose, convoluted univalved shell; columella none; spire not produced; aperture as long as as the shell; its external margin sharp. I, general form the shells of this Genus vary from cy- lindrical to obovate; they are usually thin, sometimes almost membranaceous, and fragile; the want of a colu- mella, and the thin edge of the aperture distinguish the species of this Genus as it is now defined by Lamarck, from several that were associated with them by Linneus, such as the Ovule, &c. and also from the Volvariez. In some species there is a thickening of the inner lip of the aperture that much resembles a columella, but this is never plaited ; and such as have it may perhaps hereafter form a distinct Genus. The animal to which the shell is attached, is remark- able for having no antennz, and for the foot being laterally expanded so as to be used in the way of fins to swim with; the mantle does not include the shell. BULLA convoluta. TAB. CCCCLXIV.—Afg. 1. Seec. Cuar. Very cylindrical, smooth; aper- ture linear, expanded a little way from the base; vertex obtuse, perforated. Syn. Bulla convoluta Brocchi, p. 277. tab. 1. ; ey A Loenera two and a half times the width; the superior extremity is broad, or rather the upper part of the whorls is, as it were truncated, the spire being sunk deeply into its centre. ‘ Found in Crag, by the Rev. G. R. Leathes. It does not appear to be so strictly cylindrical as required by the description given by Brocchi, but agrees well with his figure. 96 BULLA constricta. TAB. CCCCLXIV.—/fig 2. Sreec. Cuar. Subcylindrical, contracted in the middle; vertex truncated,, perforated ; base obseurely striated; aperture linear, ex- panded at the base. Tree times as long as wide; the superior flattened part of the whorl is not so broad as in the last, the aper- ture is also more linear, except near the base, where it is very wide. Sent from Barton, by the Rev: Mr. Bingley. om BULLA elliptica. TAB. CCCCLXIV.—/ig. 6. Spec. Cuar. Elliptical, elongated, transverse- ly striated; vertex perforated; aperturé widest at the base. Tne form of this Bulla is a very regular ellipsis, the two extremities being equally rounded ; the length is two and a half times the breadth; the strize are very fine, rather most distant near the base. Not unfrequent at Barton, varying from one to three lines in length. 97 BULLA attenuata. TAB. CCCCLXIV.—jig. a Spec. Cuar. Elliptical, transversely striated ; superior portion elongated, truncated, per- forated ; aperture curved, widest towards the base; strie distant in the middle. SEE A sour twice as long as wide ; the striz upon the upper elongated portion are close and deep; those on the middle of the whorl, slight and distant ; upon the base they are numerous, but not very strong. Figured from a specimen from Hordwell, in the Col- lection of Miss Bennet ; a small specimen has also been sent by Miss Beminster. Buus filosa. TAB. CCCCLXIV-—/fig. 4. This is a mutilated specimen of a large Bulla, that is very finely striated; we propose to name it Butza FILOsa, and regret much that we have never met with a specimen, from which a Specific Character can be drawn up: its numerous stria and expanded lip, distinguish it from B. attenuata. 98 BULLA acuminata. TAB. CCCCLXIV.—jfeg. 5. Srec. Cuar, Cylindrical, transversely striated ; vertex acuminated ; aperture linear. brs "Tnare and a half times as long as wide; at first sight much resembling the Volvariz, but the base of the aper- ture is more expanded, and it has no plaits: the striz are not dotted, they are obscure near the middle of the whorl ; the superior edge of the aperture is produced ta a point. Sent from Hordwell or Barton by Miss Beminster. 99 AURICULA ventricosa. TAB. CCCCLXV.—/jig. |. Spec. Cuar. Subovate, inflated, transversely striated ; spire short pointed, base notched; three sharp plaits upon the columella; left lip callous, a thick border upon the right lip. Tar is the largest of several species of shells, resem- bling Auricula ringens of Lamarck, all of which are fossil; it is distinguished from A. ringens by its smooth outer lip, and from A. turgida, M. C. t. 163, by its callus upon the inner lip, and a third plait; the length does not exceed the breadth. Forwarded from the Crag nezr Ipswich, by our kind correspondent Mrs. Cobbold; it appears to be a very rare shell, the Rev. G. R. Leathes having found only one individual; there is a species found at Bordeaux, resembling this in every thing bat size; it is but little larger than the ringens. a &¢ £OUG> 100 AURICULA buccinea. TAB. CCCCLXAV.—feg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Subovate, inflated, smooth; spire short, acute; base notched; three sharp plaits upon the columella; left lip callous ; right lip with a thick border. | Syn. Voluta buccinea, Broccht, 319. t. 4. f. 9. = Disrinevisnen from A. turgida, M: C. 163, and other similar shells by the regularity of its form, smooth sur- face, short spire, and plain outer lip. The upper plait in the aperture is partly concealed by the callus upon the left lip, and the lower is the spiral edge of the columella; the length and breadth are in the proportion of 3 to 2, nearly. Collected in the Crag, at Ramsholt, by the Rev. G. R. Leathes. The shells upon this plate with their analagous species, agree so exactly with Lamarck’s Auricula ringens, that they must be included in the same Genus ; but the notch at the base of the aperture perfectly distinguishes them from that under which Lamarck has placed them. Brocchi has referred his Voluta buccinea, with two other very different shells to Marginella, but without sufficient reason. They have strong claims tobe united under the Genus Nassa, and are somewhat related to Columbella ; whether it will be necessary upon a revision of the fossils in this work, to create a new Generic division for their reception, is at present a question. ‘They are in all probability marine reliquia. 101 Saxtcava. Lamarck. Gen. Cuar. A transverse, inequilateral, bi- valved shell; anterior extremity gaping; hinge with an external ligament, and only rudiments of teeth. Tue shells of this Genus inhabit holes in stone, not of their own making, to the size of which they are obliged to conform, consequently they are often much distorted and rugged: the muscular impressions are strong, and the attachment of the mantle is marked by a row of irregular cicatrices, of which the central one is Jarger than the others ; the tubes of the animal are long and projecting. SAXICAVA rugosa. TAB. CCCCLXVI. Spec. CHar. Ovate, gibbose, rugged, both ex- tremities blunt, upon the disk of the anterior side are sometimes two rows of irregular short spines. Syn. Mytilus rugosus, Linn. Pennant, &c. Biapholius rugosus, Leach, MSS. Saxicava rugosa, Lamarck Hist. Nat. V. 501. Var. spinosa, Solen minutus, Linn. &c. Lam. Hist. Nat. V. 453. Biapholius spinosus, Leach MSS. However rugged the individuals of this common species may be, there is generally an angular ridge that marks the anterior side* ; between this and the upper edge are sometimes two rows of concave, irregular spines; at *That is, the side from which the tubes are protruded ; we are aware that some Authors consider this posterior, but we think it best not te change the term in this part of the work, 102 other times only two very obscure ribs, and often no in- dication of either: the young state of the spinous variety has been referred to the Genus Solen, and it is very re- markable that Lamarck should not have discovered its relation to Saxicava rugosa. The specimens before us are from the Suffolk Crag, they were collected by the Rev. G. R. Leaths, and have all the visible characters of genuine Crag Fossils, but they agree in form with the recent species, and Mrs. Cobbold has sent us a small specimen which she found amongst others in holes in Septaria, immediately below the Crag at Holywells, which would lead us to suspect them to be of comparatively modern extraction. The middle figures have some remains of the spines belonging to the variety. 108 MYOCONCHA. Gren. Car. A very unequal sided, but equal- valved; oblique bivalve; hinge with an. ex- ternal ligament, and one elongated, oblique - tooth in the left valve; beaks close to the posterior extremity ; no sinus in the impres- sion of the mantle. A. very remarkable Genus, in general form resembling Modiola, but bearing a close affinity to Astarte (Crassina Danmoniensis Lam.) and the Conche generally of Lamarck. The support of its hinge Ligament* is very prominent; it has no lateral teeth; the posterior side or lobe is almost wanting; the surface has noribs; the three last characters distinguish it from Cardita, the im- pression of the posterior muscle is deep. Only one species is known. The Generic name im- plies its resemblance in form to a Mouse or Muscle, together with its affinity above alluded to. MYOCONCHA crassa. TAB. CCCCLXVII. Spec. Guar. ..-.,'. Seu ovate, slightly curved, pointed at one end, con- vex, nearly smooth, thick in substance: in the young state there are 3 or 4 longitudinal elevated striz, crossed *I propose to call this part the. fulcrum, in place of a term generally considered objectionable, and also because it may apply to the game part whether it be elevated or not, 104 by lines of growth: it is twice as long as wide, and not remarkably deep. The ligament is seated in a deep and wide grvuove. Only two specimens of this curious shell, which forms an osculent Genus, have fallen under our notice; the one a young individual presented by G. W. Braikenridge, Esq. the other apparently full grown, purchased by Mr. G. B. Sowerby; they are both from Dundry, near Bristol, and were imbedded in the Ironshot Oolite. 105 OSTREA solitaria. TAB. CCCCLXVII1.—/fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, plaited; one valve flatish ; plaits deep, sharp, rugged and branched; beaks short. A. ruarrer, broader, and less curved shell than O. gregarea, (tab. 111.) it has also fewer plaits, and is not so commonly found in groups: it is sometimes curved, as one of the figures shews, but in that case it becomes broader rather than longer: We are indebted for the use of the specimens figured to Miss Benett, who obtained them of a Dealer at Wey- mouth, near which place they were picked up. OSTREA macroptera. TAB. CCCCLXVIII.—/fgs. 2 and 3. Spec. Cuar. Falciform depressed, with a large rectangular ear or wing within the curve; plaited ; margin deeply toothed; one valve attached by a great part of its surface. Tu large wing-like lobe within the curved side of this Oyster, gives it a very striking appearance. The valves are nearly flat except towards the margin, where they are very deeply plaited, and the edges of course largely 106 and sharply toothed ; the hinge pit (or fulcrum) is broad and curved. ‘The attached valve extends in branching processes upon the surface it is upon. In the description of Gryphza sinuata mention is made of this ‘ bilobed”’ Oyster, adhering to a specimen of that shell from Folkstone; there are three attached valves upon that specimen, one of which is represented at fig. 2. of the plate before us. Fig. 3. shews the other valve, probabiy from the same locality. We regret that the Oyster from the Isle of Wight, mentioned in the same place, is not perfect enough to determine whether it be the same species; some dif- ferences are observable, and we have not been so fortu- nate as to meet with another specimen. 107 BELLEROPHON Montfort. Gen. Cuar, An involute, univalved shell; nearly spherical’; the last whorl enclosing the others ; aperture arched, terminated by the extremities of the transverse columella, (or axis), and furnished with a sinus in the centre of its outer edge. : SS I, general form the shells of this genus resemble the Nautili, but they have no septa; the two sides, if they may be so called that are indicated by the extremities of the axis, are nearly similar, in which particular they are distinguished from Ovula, Bulla, and most other invo- lute Genera; they are sometimes umbilicated; the front edge of the aperture has a sinus in it, from which, in most species a band runs round the whorl, and forms a kind of keel; as this keel is very variable in size, the presence of it is not considered as essential to the Genus, but will serve to divide it into two sections by ; the first without; the second, with a central band. Had not M. Defrance ascertained from a specimen formerly belonging to De Montfort, that his Bellero- phon was not a chambered shell,* the Genus would probably have long remained without being recognized, although several species are far from being of rare oc- currenee in the older Limestone rocks ; it is not unlikely that De Montfort was misled in his generic character, by imperfect specimens of Nautilus biangulatus,+} t. 458. f. 2, which he might -consider as portions of the same species, as it occurs in the same limestone. Ellipsolites ovatus, t. 37, belongs to this Genus. * Annales des Sciences Naturelles Vol. I. p. 264. Zoological Journal, No, 2. p. 223. + [have just received specimens of this from Ireland, several inches in diameter, and also learnt that it was a mistake to give Bristol as the locality of the specimen figured, it also came from Ireland, 108 The following species probably belong to the Ist Section. BELLEROPHON apertus. TAB, CCCCLXIX.—/ig. 1. Srec. Cuar. Nearly spherical, without a band? inner whorls concealed, axis solid; sides of the aperture expanded. Tue sinus in the front of the aperture, and the expan- ded sides afe conspicuous in full grown individuals of this species, which are from two to four inches in diameter ; as we have but little more than casts of the inside, the cast of the shell itself continuing no farther than two or three of the innermost whorls, we are sot positive of the nonexistence of a band ; the surface seems to be smooth, and the shell is very thick, so that the cast appears to be umbilicated, and shews the inner whorls: the front is rather prominent, and forms a kind of depressed and dilated keel around the whorl; the ex- tremities of the aperture are rather square. The specimens just described were found in Lime- stone at Carlingford, in the County of Louth, and pre- sented by Samuel Wright, Esq. of Cork: they consist of compact Limestone, with many minute crystals of Carbonate of Lime, and a few of Sulphate of Barytes scattered over them. We have seen a large one from Settle in Yorkshire. We have specimens of an analogous shell from Ken- dal, another from Ireland, and a third from Bristol, all of which seem to be really umbilicated; that from Ireland, has the cast of the outer surface of the sheil, and is quite smooth: we wish to see more specimens of these before figureing them. SS BELLEROPHON Cornu-Arietis. TAB. CCCCLXIX.—Azg. 2. Spec. CHAR. Rather compressed ; whorls few, rapidly enlarging, carinated near the aperture; aperture expanded ; shell very thick; sinus large and angular. Ts. expanded lip of the aperture of this species Is divided by the sinus into two rounded lobes; we know not whether the shell is umbilicated or not, as we possess only casts of the inside ; the shell appears to be 3-8ths of an inch thick in some parts; the inner whorls are very small. Found in a brownish limestone, near moreland ; the space formerly occupied by the partly filled with white calcareous Spar. Kendal, in West- shell, is 109 x Section 2nd, with a central band. To this saction the species mentioned by Montfort belong. BELLEROPHON HIULCUS. TAB. CCCCLXX.—fig 1. Spec. Cuar. Globose, expanded, closely striated ; central band flat, broad, defined ; axis perforated. Syn. Conchyliolithus Nautilites hiulcus, Martin Pet. Derb. tab. 40. f. 1. and perhaps fig. 2. Syst. Arrangement to tab. \ of ditto, p. 1d. var. a? b. Cosz, sharp, elevated strie that pass obliquely from the central flat band to the axis, distinguish this species, which is moreover wider than any other; the sinus in front is deep, and leaves arched striz upon the band, as it is filled by the growth of the shell; the sides of the band are defined by sharp depressed lines; it is nearly the eighth of an inch wide. Our specimen is from Derbyshire, but without ex- amining both of Martin’s specimens, we are not certain that they are one species; his fig. 2, or variety a, ap- proaches to our fig. 4. BELLEROPHON tenuifascia. TAB. CCCCLXX.—/figs. 2 and 3. Spec. CrHar. Spherical, umbilicated, finely striated; band linear, elevated. Syn. Conch. Naut. hiulcus, var. c. Martin Pet. Derb. Syst. Arrang. p. 15. A. wore spherical shell than the last, with much finer and more numerous striz ; it has also a larger umbilicus, and a very narrow elevated thread like band. Found in Derbyshire (fig. 3.) at Scaleber, near Settle in Yorkshire, (fig. 2.) and near Kendal, sometimes three inches in diameter. It is evidently the third variety of C.N. hiulcus of Martin, which he has not figured. 110 BELLEROPHON costatus. TAB. CCCCLXX.—/ig. 4. Srrc. Cuar. Globose, expanded, subcarinated, with slender sharp ribs diverging from the undefined band; axis perforated. Syn. Parkinson Org. Rem. Vol. p.3, 141, t. 10, SF. Gand 7. ‘T'e carinated form, sharp ribs and undefined but broad convex band, distinguish this; the aperture is wide and much arched, and the sinus in it deep, leaving bent stricze upon the band. We have but one specimen of this, probably from Derbyshire. Parkinson seems to consider it the same as Martin’s hiulcus, and it may possibly be his fig. 2, and var. a. but he describes the band as flat. {it PECTUNCULUS variabilis. TAB. CCCCLXXI. Spec. Cuar. Obliquely suborbicular, rather convex, finely striated longitudinally, be- coming smooth or sulcated by wear; teeth of the hinge and lines upon the area of the ligament, numerous; beaks short nearly, close. Syn. P. pulvinatus var. Taurimensis. Mem. sur. les Terrains de Sédiment sup. du Vicen- tin, par Brongniart. p. 77, t. 6. f. 16. i This Pectunculus varies perhaps more frequently than any other species in the proportion of its length to its breadth, and in its obliquity ; sometimes it is even longer than wide, but it is always longer and more oblique than P. pilosus, and has a more regularly curved edge. It is nearly like P. pulvinatus, but is never so convex, and is distinguished at first sight; neither will it agree with the description of P. Cor. given by Lamarck. The hinge teeth are generally numerous, but are liable to be ob- literated: by the area of the ligament, so that in old shells but a few remain on each side: the beaks are not ob- lique. When young and not worn, it is covered with very fine longitudinal strie, these soon wear away, and leave the surface smooth; by decay the internal ribbed structure, common to shells that have teeth in their margins, is displayed, with a strong resemblance to lon- gitudinal sulci. Not having been able to refer this well known English Crag shell to any of Lamarck’s or Brocchi’s species, I have been obliged to give it anew name. It may pos- sibly have been considered by Lamarck as a variety of his P. Cor but this wants proof. His P. obovatus I believe occurs in the Suffolk Crag, but specimens alone can decide. Very common from half an inch to three inches or more Jong, in many of the Crag pits of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex; Parkinson refers it to the recent P. Glycimeris. 112 PECTUNCULUS brevirostris. TAB. CCCCLXXII.—jig. {i Spec. Cuar. Transversely obovate, rather ob- lique, and inequilateral, convex, obscurely costated, concentrically striated; hinge line rather straight; beaks short, not ob- lique ; hinge teeth few. Tunre is a slight elevation of the surface along the anterior side from. the beak to the edge, where it pro- duoes a gentle projection, and a little below this is the greafest length of the shell; the costz are convex, but s0 little elevated as to be hardly discoverable in some parts: some specimens have elevated lines between them, but possibly they are the effect of wear; the teeth of the hinge are few, and very oblique; below the area of the ligament, it is more inequilateral, less convex, an not so square as P. pulvinatus of Lamarck. An abundant and well known shell in the Bognor Rocks; I have never observed any variation of conse quence in its form; it wants the heartshaped space described. by Brocchi in his Arca insubrica, and has shorter beaks. PECTUNCULUS sublevis. TAB, CCCCLXXII1.—/fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Transversely obovate, equilate- ral, rather gibbose, with many slightly elevated ribs; beaks short, nearly close; sides smooth. Born the sides of this shell are nearly destitute of ribs; there is a depressed space upon the anterior, which bounds a convex surface near that extremity of the hinge; the large hinge teeth occupy a regular arch below the area for the ligament, which area is small; the teeth upon the edge of the shell, are small and regular. Found in loose yellow sand at Blackdown, where the substance of the shell is replaced by Silex. 113 PECTUNCULUS umbonatus, TAB. CCCCLXXII.—fig. 3. And TAB, CLVI.—/igs. 2, 3 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, gibbose, nearly equi- lateral, longitudinally striated and obscurely costated ; beaks prominent, obliquely curved, a lobe on the anterior side. "Tus is the same shell given as a Cardium at page 128 of Vol. II. because the hinge had not then been seen. It is distinguished from P. subleevis just described, by the prominent beaks, and smaller number of its ribs; the teeth are large in proportion to the shell, from which circumstance it should seem to be the Pectunculus men- tioned as found in the Whetstone-pits by Parkinson, Vol. III. p. 169. I am indebted to Mr, Goodhall for specimens shewing the hinge. It occurs both at Hall- down and Blackdown. ash Ee PECTUNCULUS scalaris. TAB. CCCCLXXII.—fig. 2 Sreec. Cuar. Obovate, convex, longitudinally ribbed, ribs narrow, sharp; area of the ligament short, projecting at the extremi- ties, with a triangular pit in its centre; margin irregularly toothed. Fix rerNa.y this is marked exactly in the same way as P. costatus,* (tab. 27, fig. 2,) the transverse lines between the ribs resembling the steps of a rope ladder. The length exceeding considerably the breadth, the granulated rather than toothed margin, and the triangular pit in the hinge, are strong marks of distinction that can- not easily be overlooked; the teeth of the hinge are long and sharp, like those of Nucula, to which genus the hinge altogether bears a strong resemblance: the hinge of Arca aurita of Brocchi is similar. Sent by Miss Beminster from Hordwell; it has often been confounded with Brander’s Arca deleta. *This is Arca deleta of Brander, consequently it should have been called Pectunculus deletus. 114 PECTUNCULUS minimus. TAB. CCCCLXII.—/ig. 5. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, convex, smooth; hinge- line straight, prominent at the extremities ; margin not toothed. Very nearly equilateral, and almost as long as wide > the hinge teeth are but 4 or 5 on each side; the want of teeth within the margin is connected with the plain surface. | Found at Ancliff by thé Rey. Mr. Cookson. It sel- dom exceeds a quarter of an inch in length. eT PECTUNCULUS oblongus. TAB. CCCCLXXI.—fig. 6. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, inequilate- ral, rather convex, smooth; sides obliquely truncated ; margin not toothed. In one or two remarkable characters this resembles the last, but it is less convex, and much broader; its, size is nearly the same. Sent from Ancliff with the last. 115 ~ ARCA quadrisulcata. TAB. CCCCLXXIIIi.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Twice as wide as long, convex, lon- gitudinally striated; anterior side truncated, defined by a keel, and marked by four deep furrows ; posterior side small, rounded; mar- ginal sinus large. | T'ne sinus in the margin of this fossil shows it to be an Arca, although it is otherways so badly preserved that its teeth cannot be discovered, and it might be taken for a Cucullza: the four ribs between the furrows on the anterior side are a good character to distinguish the spe- cies by; the longitudinal strie are crossed by the lines of growth, and give the surface a rugged appearance. ound in the Pisolite of Malton. ARCA cancellata. TAB. CCCCLXXIII.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. ‘Twice as wide as long, convex, lon- gitudinally and transversely sulcated; ante- rior side defined by a keel, truncated ; poste- rior side rounded; marginal sinus short but deep; beaks nearly close. Syn. Conch. Arcites cancellatus. . Martin Pet. Derb. pl. 44. fig. 7. Tue front and back are parallel; the anterior side has many sulci of an equal depth with those upon the rest of the surface : in other respects it much resembles the last. From the Derbyshire Limestone, apparently the same specimen that was figured by Mr. Martin. ARCA pulchra. TAB. CCCCLXXIII —fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. ‘T'ransversely ovate-elongated, de- pressed, finely striated, anterior side rather impressed, obliquely truncated ; beaks close. EARLY twice as wide as long; the strie are very uniform and close together; the valves are rather flat in the middle. Drawn from the Rev. Mr. Cookson’s collection of Ancliff fossils. Although there is hardly any appearance of a sinus in the margin, this is placed as an Arca be- cause it has no transverse elongated teeth in the hinge, those nearest the extremities being longitudinal : it is however one of the links that unite the two Genera. FP? LZ a f O97 4 & +2 P ” ¢ — Re H/. BL: 116 ARCA duplicata. TAB. CCCCLXXIV.—fg. I. Spec. Cuar. Transversely ovate-elongated, con- vex, longitudinally ribbed ; ribs sulcated along the middie ; margin toothed ; beaks close. Remarxaste for having doubled or forked ribs; the surface is convex without any ridge distinguishing the anterior side ; the sinus in the edge is obscure. Sent from Hordwell by several friends. ARCA depressa. TAB. CCCCLXXIV.—/fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Elongated transversely, depressed, marked with elevated and crenulated strie ; extremities rounded ; marginal sinus obscure. Tue rounded extremities, or rather sides, and distant elevated strie decussated by the lines of growth, distin- guish this Arca; the strie are very distant upon the an- terior side, and appear like small knotted threads. Very much mutilated specimens of this shell were picked up in 1821, among the oysters in the clay above the sand, in the pits near Woolwich: it is unfortunate that none more perfect have come to hand, as I am not certain that its flattened form may not result from pres- sure entirely. ARCA tumida. TAB. CCCCLXXIV.—/fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Transversely elongated, gibbose, cos- tated? anterior side pointed; marginal sinus short, deep ; beaks distant. Asove twice as wide as long; the depth of each valve nearly equals its length; the beaks are very near the posterior extremity ; there is an obtuse ridge runs from the beak to the anterior angle. As the specimens are only casts of the inside, the surface cannot be described; but there are indications of rather distant furrows with ribs between them upon some individuals. Occurs plentifully in the Magnesian Limestone of Tunstal Hill, near Sunderland. — V7 NUCULA Palme. TAB. CCCCLXXV.—/fig. 1. Speec. Cuar. 'Transversely elongated, very con- vex, shining; extremities rounded, equal ; beaks nearly central. Aumost cylindrical with rounded ends; the lines of growth are sharply but irregularly marked, otherways the surface is smooth, shining and regularly convex. The beaks are partly broken away, but a compensation is made for their loss by the exposure of the hinge teeth. This is probably a very rare shell ; it is from Mr. Mar- tin’s collection of Derbyshire fossils, although not figured by him. ee NUCULA variabilis. TAB. CCCCLXXV.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oval, elongated, some- times oblique, rather depressed, smooth ; beaks near one end. Tue form of this shell is very variable ; it is sometimes very oblique; but the beaks are constantly near the pos- terior extremity, which is generally rather less rounded than the other; the greatest depth of the valves is near the beaks; the lunette is neither impressed nor con- spicuous. An elegant and very distinct Nucula, although some- what related to N. similis (M.C. 192), which is very different in form. From the Ancliff collection. The small figures are of the natural size. 118 NUCULA impressa. TAB. CCCCLXXV.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oval, depressed, smooth ; beaks near one extremity ; lunette deeply sunk, convex, elongated ; edges entire. Tue deep lunette, and margin regularly curved, except where the lunette makes it straight, sufficiently distin- guish this species. A silicized fossil from Blackdown. Re NUCULA antiquata. TAB. CCCCLXXV.—fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Triangular, rounded, gibbose, an- tiquated, longitudinally striated; lunette heart- shaped, sunk; margin toothed. A mone gibbose shell than most of the analogous Nu- cule: it is rendered very uneven by its irregular mode of growth; the beaks are incurved and close together. From Blackdown, cast in Silex. Sees Seats NUCULA Ovum. TAB. CCCCLXXVI.—jig. 1. Spec. Cuar. ‘Transversely obovate, ventricose, smooth, anteriorly pointed. Asouvr the size of a wren’s egg; nearly as deep as long ; the posterior extremity is regularly rounded, the other drawn out in a short point. Presented by our kind friend the Right Hon. the 119 Marchioness of Bath, who obtained it from the Alum- works of Lord Dundas, near Whitby. The stone in which the shells are imbedded is very hard. aE NUCULA claviformis. TAB. CCCCLXXVI.—/eg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Ventricose, concentrically sulcated ; anterior side rounded ; posterior much pro- duced, attenuated ; upon the posterior slope is a broad concave area, bounded by two ridges that run from the beaks to the anterior extremity ; sulci fine. F uxt twice as wide as long; the attenuated extremity is curved a little upwards and truncated ; upon its upper part is a broad space rather concave and bounded by two obtuse ridges. The specimen figured is from Northamptonshire : it has also been met with in rounded masses of gray Lime- stone in the alluvial deposits so common in many parts of Norfolk and Suffolk. a NUCULA Lacryma. TAB. CCCCLXXVI.—fg. 3. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, gibbose, smooth; anterior side produced, pointed, convex above; pos- terior side rounded. Asout twice as wide as long, much resembling the last in form, but not sulcated, and otherways distinguished by the shape of the produced portion. The size and 120 form resembling a drop of water when it commences its fall has given rise to its name. One of the minute productions of the Ancliff Lime- ‘stone. Two of the figures are magnified. a NUCULA mucronata. TAB. CCCCLXXVI.—fig. 4. Spec. Cuar. Subrhomboidal, rounded, convex, concentrically sulcated, anteriorly mucronated. Two-ruirps as long as wide, very minute ; the anterior side is drawn out in the form of a flattened spine, and is distinguished from the other portion of the shell by being suddenly flatter. Found at Ancliff. The lower figures are enlarged. a. NUCULA angulata. TAB. CCCCLXXVI.—fig. 5. Spec. Cuar. Rhomboidal, concentrically striated ; most convex near the beaks ; front rounded. Born sides of this shell are angular, and the lines from their extremities to the beaks are nearly straight and equal; it is about half as wide again as it is long; the strie upon its surface are regular fine sulci, and not very conspicuous. There are several similar species found in strata cor- responding with the London Clay; but all that I have met with differ in form and the depth of their sulci. An uncommon Blackdown fossil. Magnified figures are given below that of the natural size. 121 BUCCINUM elegans. TAB. CCCCLXXVII.—fg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Conical, acuminated ; whorls ventri- cose, ornamented with nine or ten sharp ele- vated strie that rise over numerous rounded coste ; aperture nearly round, toothed within. A pretty sharp-pointed Buccinum ; the coste although small are so much elevated and so much larger than the lines that pass over them, that they do not lose their form or appear divided. Named and presented by the Rev. G. R. Leathes, who found it in the Suffolk Crag. Se Shas ara BUCCINUM propinquum. TAB. CCCCLXXVII.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, pointed, longitudinally cos- tated ; coste divided into tubercles by many transverse sulci, the uppermost of which is very broad ; aperture obovate. A suewu very nearly resembling B. granulatum of M. C. tab. 110, but it is more ovate and commonly larger; the upper tubercle of each row is distant from the others, and so a kind of crown is formed upon each whorl; the lip does not appear to be toothed within. We know of no recent species that exactly resembles this, although there are several that approach very near to it; one in particular might be thought the same, had 122 it not a very thick columellar lip and two rows of tuber- cles around the edges of the whorls. Named in MSS. by the Rev. G. R. Leathes, to whom also we are obliged for the discrimination of the species, It is more rare than the B. granulatum among Crag in the same localities. ee BUCCINUM labiosum. TAB. CCCCLXXVIL.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, pointed, straightish on the sides, transversely sulcated; columellar lip broad and relieved ; aperture oblong pointed above. A very distinct small shell; the volutions are rather flattened on their sides, especially the last one ; the sulci are ten or twelve upon each whorl], and rather broad ; the whorls are slightly separated from each other at their upper edges. Discovered and named by the same gentleman as the last, along with which it is found. TAB. CCCCLXXVII.—fg. 4. Tus Figure represents a less elongated variety of Buc- cinum sulcatum, that might easily be taken for a spe- cles: it is smoothened by wear, but we are assured by Mr. Leathes, who sent it us, that it is the same species as our fig. 2 of Tab. 375. 123 OVULA. Gen. Cuar. A more or less ovate and gibbose convoluted univalved shell; the spire con- cealed (or rather none) ; aperture longitudi- nal, elongated, narrowest at its upper part; the extremities more or less produced, notched ; inner lip toothless; outer lip thickened, in- curved. A cenvs well distinguished from Bulla, under which Linneus had placed its species. It approaches so near to Cypraa, that most conchological authors notice its resemblance ; but unlike that genus its species are rarely of more than one colour externally, and never variegated. The whole of the outer surface of the shell is when full-grown covered with an enamel-like coat, which is in fact a continuation of the columellar lip : hence that lip (which is itself in other shells only a production of the lining) appears to be wanting: as this coat generally marks the distance the mantle of the animal is able to reach, it is supposed that the animal of an Ovula has a mantle constructed so as to inclose the whole shell, and bipartite, as in Cyprea, which has a si- milar coat. The genus is known by the incurved thickened outer lip of the aperture, opposite to the ventricose smooth body of the shell, instead of to a row of teeth or obtuse lamine as in Cyprza ; some species have a single plait upon the upper part of the co- lumella. The surface is seldom or never furrowed. 124 OVULA Leathesi. TAB. CCCCLXXVIII. Spec. Cuar. Elliptical, elongated, rather ventri- cose in the middle, smooth ; a large plait upon the columella. ee Nearcy twice as long as wide, rather contracted to- wards the extremities, but hardly to be called beaked: the lip is smooth, very thick, and rather flattened; the body of the shell has a slight concavity opposed to the ~ lower part of the lip, and near its upper extremity it has a thick curved plait. There is a slight indication of aridge across the back, which may have been reduced by wear. This Ovula appears to hold an intermediate place be- tween O. passerinalis (a fossil species from the Plaicen- tine, Lam. Hist. Nat. vii. 371.) and the O. Spelta, ap- proaching nearest to the former, which is however de-: scribed as much more ventricose. ‘The specimen figured is from the rich cabinet of Crag fossils in the possession of the Rev. G. R. Leathes, who obtained it at Walton : it is so rare that only a fragment besides has been found. So well known are the researches of the liberal pos- sessor of this curious shell, that no apology appears necessary for commemorating his name. 125 NATICA cirriformis. TAB. CCCCLXXIX.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Globose ; whorls slightly compressed laterally, spire conspicuous ; umbilicus large, deep, open ; columellar lip thick with a sinus in the middle ; aperture small, oblong. ‘Tue body of this shell is by no means so ventricose as in many species of the Genus; the spire is rather short, consisting of about four whorls: the principal character is the large umbilicus in which the whorls may be di- stinctly seen up to the very apex: it contains no spiral ridge ; but the thick columellar lip that in some species bends over the umbilicus, is as it were cut away in the middle to leave it open. A rare species found in the Suffolk Crag by Mrs. Cob- bold, whose valuable collection contains the specimen figured. NATICA hemiclausa. TAB. CCCCLXXIX.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Subglobose ; spire small, conical, pointed; umbilicus half closed by the superior part of the columellar lip ; aperture oval. SHELL longer than wide, with a pointed indistinct spire and produced base; the columellar lip is thick and half covers a moderate-sized umbilicus, in which is no spiral ridge. ; Not an uncommon Crag fossil : it occurs near Ipswich, at Woodbridge, Bramerton, and in several other parts of Suffolk and Norfolk, as specimens, received through the favour of Mrs. Cobbold, Messrs. Turner and Hooker, and the Rev. G. R. Leathes, demonstrate: it has also been sent from Placentia, named Nerita helicina of Brocchi; but it neither agrees with his figure nor de- scription, and we presume has not been distinguished by any specific appellation. 126 NATICA sigaretina. TAB. CCCCLXXIX.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Much depressed ; umbilicus large, filled with a lenticular callus. Syn. Natica sigaretina. De France, MSS. Spree small and indistinct, almost concealed by the last whorl; the aperture is ovate, curved and pointed above : an oval compressed callus fills the umbilicus ; but as the shell increases the callus rises faster than it fills the hollow, so that a portion is generally open for a small depth. . From a mass of Sandy Marl belonging to the Lon- don Clay; but found among alluvium in Suffolk, by Dawson Turner, Esq. many years ago: the same spe- cies has been presented by Mons. De France, named as above, found near Bordeaux. TAB. CCCCLXXIX.—fig. 4. Tus Figure represents a magnificent specimen of Na- tica glaucinoides of M. C. tab. 5. It is from the Suffolk Crag, and belongs to the Rev. G. R. Leathes, to whose kindness we are much indebted. The same species is often found smaller at Bra- merton and in other parts of the Norfolk and Suffolk Crag, it is probably the Nerita helicina of Brocchi, 297, tab. 1, f. 10. 127 CLAVAGELLA Lamarck. Gen. Cuan. A bivalve whose valves are contained within a shelly vagina, with the surface of which one of them only is incorporated ; va- gina claviform, furnished with tubes about its larger end. Unriu the recent species of this Genus was discovered *, there remained some room to doubt the fact of one of the yalves of the shell being united to the shelly tube, a want of symmetry that is very difficult to admit with- out good evidence, and to which we know of nothing analogous. The two Genera of the same family be- tween which this would naturally arrange, are Asper- gillum (commonly called the Watering-pot) and Gastro- cheena, which probably includes all the Fistulane of Lamarck that really have shelly tubes, and do not be- long to Teredo) : the first of these has two equal valves, both so united to the tube as to form part of it, the latter has both the valves loose and also equal; thus the cir- cumstance of one valve being attached is very remark- able. The form of the valves in Clavagella and also in Aspergillum is somewhat like those of Mya: the two Genera, however, differ in the tube, that of Aspergillum having besides a fringe of tubes a number of simple perforations in a convex disk, which do not exist in Clavagella: in most of the species of Clavagella the small tubes are irregularly scattered over the larger end of the principal tube or vagina, but in one they are in a circle and regularly branched ; this species consequently jeads to Aspergillum. Most of the species require to be attached to some solid body for their support, or are imbedded in porous stones: some, however, seem to be free, and not one probably is capable of boring a hole for itself, as all the Gastrochene and the Fistulane do. We have shortened the Generic Character in conse- quence of its being too precise a description of one spe- ik but trust it is still sufficient to exclude every other enus. * See Sowerby’s Genera of Shells, ‘‘ Clavagella aperta.” 128 CLAVAGELLA coronata. TAB. CCCCLXXX. Sprc. Cuar. Vagina elongated, crowned with dichotomously branched tubes, around a sul- cated disk ; free. Syn. Clavagella coronata, Deshayes, Coquilles Fos- siles de Paris. 8, t. 5. fig. 9 & 10. Tse or Vagina very gradually attenuated, at its larger extremity suddenly contracted, and then expanded into about eight regularly branched lesser tubes, arranged in two sets on the sides of a small disk that is divided in the middle by a furrow: the branches are at least thrice dichotomous; the sulcus that divides the two sets has a branch that descends the side of the vagina in which the free valve lies : the valves are oblong, widely gaping, with large pointed beaks, waved by lines of growth, and both pearly within, thus differing from the tube which is in no other part pearly. Casts of this shell in a soft sand-stone, brought to England in ballast from the Tagus, were exhibited to the Linnean Society, by the late Mr. Sowerby, before ~ the Genus to which Deshayes has referred it was known : they were accompanied by several other unknown shells, and by some known in the London Clay. ‘Two views (fig. 2 and 3), one showing the beaks of both valves (fig. 3.), are added for illustration to this plate. The principal figure is taken from a specimen certainly En- glish, but.as the label is lost, I am unable to ascertain whether from Hordwell, Barton, or Muddiford : the branches were until lately much concealed by the clay, and the specimen not much valued. Both this and the Tagus examples serve to show that the tube was not attached, (except possibly by the branches), for they are closely surrounded by other loose fossils: the shells about this are Corbula Pisum, Strom- bus Bartonensis (Murex M.C.), Volute, and many others common in the London Clay. ‘There are no re- mains of wood about it, by which the tubes of Tere- dines are generally syrrounded. 129 NAUTILUS globatus. TAB. CCCCLXXXI. Spec. Cuar. Subglobose, smooth, umbilicated ; whorls few, inner ones concealed, rather flat- tened on the front, rapidly increasing ; umbi- licus deep, with an angular margin ; aperture very wide, arched, with a deep sinus in the front. Tue thickness and diameter of this Nautilus are nearly equal, the sinus formed in the aperture by the preceding whorl is small, because the whorls increase rapidly in size; the lip is divided into two rounded lobes by a deep and wide sinus, the septa are rather numerous. Many specimens of this fossil lately received from Cork, where it abounds in the Black-Rock, have proved it to be a Nautilus, and that it was a mistake to refer it to Bellerophon as I have done at p. 108, where a spe- cimen is mentioned. It is sometimes six inches in diameter. a NAUTILUS multicarinatus. TAB. CCCCLXXXII.—/fig. | and 2. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, subglobose ; inner whorls half exposed in a large deep umbilicus ; edge of the umbilicus angular ; front compressed, with several carine on each side the middle. Tus sides of the whorls of this Nautilus are very nar- row and concave ; the front, which is broad, has in its middle a concave band, on each side of which are four sharp ritges besides the one that bounds the side: it is probable that these ridges diminish in number as the shell advances, for the larger specimen (fig. 2.) has but two in place of four, and these even are lost near the aperture. Found rarely in the Black-Rock at Cork. 130 NAUTILUS cariniferus. TAB. CCCCLXXXII.—/ig. 3 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, subglobose ; inner whorls half exposed in a large umbilicus ; a keel in the middle of each side, and two ridges be- tween it and the flattened front. ( — In general form this resembles Nautilus biangulatus (tab. A58, fig. 2.) ; but in addition to the angles which charac- terize that, it has on each side ofa broad flat front two ridges or lesser keels; in this it approaches N. multica- rinatus, but that has a narrow concave area in place of the principal keel upon the side. The lesser keels in N. ca- riniferus disappear as it advances in growth ; it may possi- bly therefore be only a variety of N. biangulatus : the specimens with keels are however much larger than the specimen figured. All the three species appear to have a deep sinus in the lip. The great works going on in Cork Harbour have oc- casioned an immense display of the fossils of the Black- Rock, among which the shell before us is one of the less common. 131 FISSURELLA, Bruguieres. Gen. Cuar. Shell obliquely conical, in no part spiral, with an oblong aperture in the vertex, and an oval base. oe — Tus Genus of shells, so nearly resembling Patella, is well distinguished from it by the perforated vertex through which the branchiz are supplied with a current of water. Many ofthe species have diverging rays upon their surface, and crenated edges; others are smooth: some are without colour; others variously ornamented with red, brown, &c. The vertex is inclined towards the head of the animal, and has within it a kind of fringed ring, formed by the thickening of the edge of the perforation. As this part varies in form and colour in the different species, it is often of service in forming speci- fic characters. The animal differs from that of Patella, in having the branchie situated in an appropriate cavity, and not around the mantle. 132 FISSURELLA greca. TAB. CCCCLXXXIII. Spec. Cuar. Ovate, oblong, convex, radiated; ra- dii decussated by elevated lines, and thickened at the intersections ; perforation small, elonga- ted ; margin of the base crenulated. Syn. Patella greca Linn. &c, Brocchi, 2.259. Fis- surella greeca, Lam. Syst. 6. p. 2,11. Deshayes, Coquilles Foss. 2.p.19.t. 2. fig. 7, 8,and9. . Tuer is a considerable degree of variation to be ob- served in the number and proportion of the rays upon the shell: but in general they are in sets, composed _ of one large and two small ones; and between each set is a still larger ray.. The base is arched and ovate, with the anterior portion smallest. ‘The surface is fre- quently antiquated, especially in the fossil specimens, which have also smaller and more numerous rays than the generality of recent ones; but the latter are subject to much variation, as observed above. Found in the Crag of Ipswich, many years ago, by our valued friend the late Mrs. Cobbold, whose assiduity in collecting Crag shells, and generosity in bestowing them, have been so often proved in the course of this work, that every lover of science must join us in lamenting her loss, even if she had not possessed other high qualifica- tions for which she was esteemed by all who knew her. The Rev. G. R. Leathes has also furnished us with specimens. 133 PATELLA lata. TAB. CCCCLXXXIV.—fg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Obovate, depressed, nearly smooth, radiated ; radii about 30, distant, rounded ; apex very excentric. ee Nor much longer than wide, very shallow, and rather irregular; the apex is placed at about one third the length of the base from the anterior edge. The radii are strongest and most distant upon the posterior por- tion. This is probably one of the rarest productions of the Stonesfield slate: it was lately in the possession of Mr. G.Humphries. The portion that is broken off from the upper part, discloses something within that has the ap- pearance of a section of the cup-like appendage of a Ca- lyptrea; but as the apex is regular and not oblique, and this appearance is very imperfect, it does not seem suf- ficient evidence of its not being a Patella: it would be fortunate to find a specimen showing the under surface, but in this the shell adheres too closely to the stone to allow any hopes of being able to remove it.. A view of the muscular impression would decide it to be a Patella. 134 PATELLA ancyloides. .TAB. CCCCLXXXIV.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Convex, smooth; apex spiral; base oval. A smauu shell, without any strongly marked character except the decidedly spiral apex, which being turned to one side makes it resemble the Ancylus fluviatilis; but itis more depressed, and from the shells that accompany it, we would judge it to be marine; the apex is very much inclined. towards the anterior edge. Found with the following and many other minute or- ganic remains at Ancliff, by the Rev. G. Cookson. The larger figure is magnified. eg PATELLA nanus. TAB. CCCCLXXXIV.—/ig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Obliquely smooth ; base oval; apex obtuse. Very simple and regular in form, and perfectly smooth: the apex is placed about half way between the centre and the anterior edge; the ends are equally obtuse. From Ancliff with the last. One figure is enlarged. 135 CYPRIS, Miiller, &c. (Cl. Crustacea. Sect. Branchiopoda.) Gen. Cuar. Animal inclosed within two oblong crustaceous shells; antennz two, straight, sim- ple, terminated by a brush of hairs ; one eye ; four legs ; the head concealed ; tail small. rr Minute crustaceous animals, whose body is inclosed within a pair of shell-like valves, and which possess the characters above given, form this genus. It is distin- guished from one or two analogous ones, which were arranged with it under Monoculus by Linneus, chiefly by the oblong form of the shells, the simple antenne, and the number of the legs. In the nearest genus (Cy- therina) the legs are eight, and the antennz are pilose for their whole length ; there is no tail; and the shells are more distinctly reniform. The Cytherina is an in- habitant of the sea, while Cypris has only been found in fresh-water. 136 CYPRIS Faba? TAB. CCCCLXXXV. Spec. Cuar. Shells oblong-ovate, convex, slight- ly sinuated in the front, one folded over the other, minutely punctated. Syn. Cypris féve, Cypris Faba, Desmaret, Nouv. Bull. des Sciences, année 1813, p. 259. pl. 4. no.8. Hist. nat. des Crustacés fossiles, 141. t. 11.f.8. Dr. Fitton “ On the strata below the chalk,” &c. Annals of Phil. new series, 8. 365, &e. [wn length about one tenth of an inch, and about half as wide; one end (the superior ?) is rather broader and blunter than the other; the front is nearly straight, a very slight sinus being formed by the folding of one valve over the other; at one extremity of this fold there is a small projection, like the radicle ina bean; the back is rounded with a longitudinal furrow separating the valves; the surface is minutely punctated, the substance rather coriaceous, but brittle and very thin. This minute fossil is mentioned in the description of Tab. 31, as occurring in the Petworth marble; but as it 137 does not strictly come within the province of the Con- chologist, it has not as yet been otherways noticed in this _ work: its strong resemblance to a bivalve shell, and its importance as a distinguishing mark of particular strata, have been inducements to the introduction of it. In England it is found only in the Tetsworth or Weald Clay and the sands below it, either in layers in the slaty clay of the upper part of that formation, or dispersed in the limestones and grit which occur in it. In France it has been referred to the 2d fresh-water formation above the chalk, and is accompanied by Paludine and Cyrene, as in England ;—is it not possible that the placesin France where it has appeared, have not been enough examined, and that if they were fully traced, they would prove to belong to a formation analogous to the Tetsworth clay? for this fossil is not found above the chalk any where near London or Paris. Professor Sedgwick was the first person who noticed it in the Isle of Wight *. It has lately been discovered by Dr. Fitton, to whose libe- rality we are indebted for specimens from each of the lo- calities ;—at Hollington near Hastings, where it occurs in sand-stone along with a small Paludina and a Cyrena; in the Isle of Wight, either dispersed sparingly through light-brown compact clay at Grange Chine, or in slaty clay + (like the figure) in Sandown Bay, Chalk Bay, * Annals of Phil., new series. Vol. 3. p. 335. + This Clay also occurs in Sussex. 138 and other parts ; and south of Punfield in Swanage Bay, in slaty clay, like that in the Isle of Wight, and accom- panied, although sparingly, with similar shells. The lo- calities given for the Cypris in France are Puy-en-Ve- lay along with gypsum, under lava and over clay, rest- ing upon granite, here it is accompanied by Planorbes and Cyclostome ; the Gypsum quarries of Aix in Pro- vence along with Paludinz and Cyrene ; and near Vichy in the department of )’Allier *. Although there is a marine animal nearly allied to Cypris, and perhaps not positively to be distinguished except when recent, yet the occurrence of the fossil be- fore us, in a series of localities always in company with fresh-water genera, justifies the name which we, as well as the French authors, have adopted. The same anomaly occurs in the series of fresh-water strata (from the top ofthe Portland rock tothe bottom of the green sand) which contains the Cypris that is met with above the London clay; that is, thin layers or beds of oysters close to fresh-water shells; and it will probably be a long time before this fact is explained. This fresh- water formation is an older one than is generally ad- mitted, but it is not the oldest; for the bituminous coal series contains strata of fresh-water shells, besides others in which are found marine reliquiz. * Cuvier & Brongniart, Descript. Geol. des Eny. de Paris. pp. 260, 261, 301. 139 BUCCINUM Dale. TAB. CCCCLXXXVE.—figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuir, Ovate, smooth, or slightly sulcated, thick ; whorls very convex above ; apex of the - spire obtuse. var. («) ventricose, rarely sulcated. (fig. 1.) var. (8) elongated, more or less sulcated. (fig. 2.) Tue rounded form of the upper portions of the whorls and obtuse apex are characters that distinguish this Buc- cinum at first sight; the sulci are numerous and close, but seldom extend to the last whorl; generally they are only to be discovered near the apex. The beak, from which a ridge winds up the columella, is short, rather wide, and has a more or less recurved edge ; the shell is thick but very rarely, antiquated. This very distinct shell was first received from our lamented friend Mrs. Cobbold, in 1812; since which time the Rev. Mr. Leathes has kindly supplied us with a se- ries showing the two varieties: it is named by him B. Dalei, to commemorate the labours of Dale, who ap- pears to have been almost the first person that took no- tice of the Suffolk Crag fossils. — ia 140 BUCCINUM tenerum. TAB. CCCCLXXXVI.—figs. 3 and 4. Serc. Cuar. Ovate, acute, thin, coarsely striated ; spire undulated; beak antiquated; whorls convex. Disrtixcursnep from Buccinum undatum by the large- ness of the stria, the evenness of the last whorls, and by the imbricated arched remains of the edges of the suc- cessively formed beaks, and sometimes even the whole of the earlier formed lips; the whorls are also more con- vex, and the shell much thinner: in their general aspect the two species much resemble each other. Met with abundantly in many parts of the Crag; but from the thinness and fragile state of the shell, large specimens can very rarely be removed from the spot upon which they are found. We are indebted to Mrs, Cobbold, the Rev. Mr. Leathes, and Mr. W. Phillips, for many specimens. a _ BUCCINUM unilineatum. TAB. CCCCLXXXVI.—figs. 5 and 6. Spec. Cuar. Elongated, acute, finely striated ; sides straight; beak pointed; a single furrow near the upper edge of each whorl. A minute shell, whose last whorl is rather ventricose ; the aperture is narrow, pointed at both ends; the single impressed line that runs round the spire near the upper parts of the whorls is remarkable; the rest of the surface is very finely striated. One of the many small shells that occur in the Lime- stone of Ancliff. Fig. 6 is augmented to three times the natural length. 141 VOLVARIA, Lamarck. Gen. Cuar. Shell cylindrical, convoluted ; spire almost hidden ; aperture as long as the shell, narrow, widest towards the truncated base ; outer lip denticulated ; columella plaited. Tue principal characters of this Genus, as limited by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, are, the plaited columella, the striated surface, the truncated base, and the thin edge of the outer lip: by its convoluted form and short spire it is related to Bulla; the plaits upon the columella form a resemblance to Marginella; but its nearest affinity is -to Acteon (Tornatella, Lam.), from which its concealed spire, numerous plaits, and truncated base distinguish it. The Genus, as established by Lamarck, contains several recent species, which Mr. G. B. Sowerby has justly ob- served are more naturally related to Marginella, from which however they differ in some characters. The striated surface, from whence arises the denticulated edge of the lip, is important as a generic character, be- cause it indicates the presence of an epidermis, and that the shell was never enveloped in the mantle of its in- habitant ; and thus marks a decided distance between it and the recent shells Lamarck has arranged with it. 142 VOLVARIA acutiuscula. TAB. CCCCLXXXVII. Spec. Cuar. Nearly cylindrical, with a pointed apex ; spire concealed ; striz numerous, com- posed of squarish punctums ; plaits upon the columella variable. Syn. V. acutiuscula, G. B. Sowerby’s Genera of Shells (Genus Volvaria, fig. 3). rg Wet distinguished from both the French species by the aperture being so prolonged beyond the apex of the spire as to conceal it within a small pit; it is also less cylindrical, being a little contracted towards both ex- tremities; the plaits upon the columella are usually about four, but often irregular in size as well as variable in number. This pretty shell has hitherto only been found in Bar- ton Cliff: we are indebted to several friends for speci- mens: it does not appear to be rare. It is rendered more interesting by the reflection, that it is very nearly, but not precisely, like its congeners found near Paris: similar facts, we have reason to believe, will prove of more frequent occurrence than has been suspected. ‘ 143 OS'TREA Ileeviuscula. TAB. CCCCLXXXVIII.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Depressed, rounded, triangular; sur- face obscurely imbricated, smooth; beak acute ; scales distant. Very similar to the O. edulis, but smoother: the beak is pointed and turned backward ; the lower valve is not ribbed, but very smooth ; in the specimen figured it is attached by nearly its whole surface to what appears to be a sna of a large Pinna, and the edges are ele- vated. From the upper beds of the Lyas Clay at OSTREA obscura. TAB. CCCCLXXXVIII.—/fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Oblong, uneven, small; lower valve — very deep, the other flat; beak curved. A piminutive species of Oyster (much resembling Gry- phza nana, tab. 383): its small size, oblong form, and deep valve are, when taken collectively, sufficient to di- stinguish it from every other: in some specimens the hinge pit is so much produced and curved as to prove that they are not young shells. The Ancliff Limestone, so celebrated for pigmy shells, contains an abundance of these little oysters, associated with so many other genera that a description of them alone would almost form an introduction to a system of Marine Shells. OSTREA costata. TAB. CCCCLXXXVIII.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular; lower valve deep, ribbed ; ribs numerous, branched; upper valve flat, with an undulated margin. Brancuine, rounded ribs upon the under surface de- fine this neat little Oyster. It is one of the miniature productions of the Ancliff Limestone. 144 OSTREA dorsata, TAB. CCCCLXXXIX.—figs. | and 2. Spec. Cuar. Convex, subimbricated; upper valve marked with numerous, longitudinal, branched striz ; inner margin toothed. Syn. Ostrea dorsata, Deshayes. Tue convexity of the upper valve of this Oyster appears to have given rise to the name dorsata; but the form varies much, according to the form of the substance to which it is attached: the numerous longitudinal im- pressed striz are its peculiar character, and we know of no other fossil Oyster so marked: we have seen a very flat recent one, of a purple brown colour, attached by a large surface, with similar striz. Fig. | represents a single valve from Hordwell: it is the only one that has fallen under our observation. Fig. 2 is an individual from France: it has a ridge along it produced by its having been attached to the stem of an Encrinus, and was sent us with the name of dorsata by Mons. Deshayes. OSTREA semiplana. TAB. CCCCLXXXIX.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Oval, depressed, largely undulated ; in the middle flat ; attachment small. Syn. Ostrea, No. 74, Mantell, Geol. Suss. p. 207. Loteo. fe £: Ovxz of those Oysters that prefer thin cylindrical subjects for their support, and from which they spread out like leaves : it approaches the plicated division of the Genus by the largeness of its undulations; but they are not an- gular, and the edge is not deeply sinuated by them. Although not abundant, this seems to be a generally diffused fossil of the upper Chalk; Mr. Mantell obtained it near Lewes. Our specimens are from Norfolk; the larger, from a chalk-pit close to Norwich belonging to Mr. Barnes, was found at the depth of forty feet. 145 VENERICARDIA chameformis. TAB. CCCCXC.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Convex, orbicular, with rather pro- duced beaks ; ribs rugged, distant, about 14 ; hinge large. A tRiFLe longer than wide, with the beaks a little curved so as to approach heart-shaped ; the spaces be- tween the ribs are flat, and serve, with the produced beaks, to distinguish this from the following. It is named by Mr. Leathes from its similarity in form - to Chama arcinella. a ee VENERICARDIA orbicularis. TAB. CCCCXC.—/ig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, rather convex, concentri- cally striated ; ribs about 16, not close, cre- nated ; hinge small. Generatty smaller than the last, and perfectly orbi- cular; the hinge teeth are shorter and thicker, and the ribs more distant than in the following. 16%. p. PP.-40 Ps pe. H 146 VENERICARDIA scalaris. TAB. CCCCXC.—ig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Orbicular, subtriangular, depressed ; longitudinal sulci about 20, linear ; concentri- cally striated, hinge teeth long and thin. EE Tue ribs (if they can be so called) are very flat and close together, they are so regularly crenated by the concentric strie as strongly to resemble a rope ladder ; the rather triangular form and general flatness at once distinguish this from both the preceding, in whatever state of preservation it may be met with. They all have _ toothed edges, but the number of teeth in this is greater than in either of the others. We are indebted to the Rev. G. R. Leathes for the use of a series of specimens, consisting of above 100, by which these three shells were proved to be distinct spe- cies; they are all of them liable to lose their external surfaces by decay ; but even when thus rendered imper- fect, the characters above given will be found to distin- guish them. They are equally abundant in the Suffolk and Norfolk Crag. 147 ISOCARDIA concentrica. TAB. CCCCXCI.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Transversely elongate, heart-shaped, concentrically sulcated ; shell thin. Tue depth and length are nearly equal, and considerably _ less than the width ; the general form is a nearly regular oval, rendered heart-shaped by the projecting, neatly incurved beaks ; the sulci are numerous, not deep, they extend the whole width, and gradually become more distant as they approach the edge; the surface, except- _ ing that it is thus sulcated, is smooth and regular. This handsome fossil is found in the Cornbrash Lime- stone at Bulwick, in Northamptonshire. We are in- debted to John Hogg, Esq., of Leeds, for the knowledge BS?) of it. 148 ISOCARDIA oblonga. TAB. CCCCXCI.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Oblong, anteriorly expanded, smooth ; posterior side very small, the beaks curved into it; hinge line nearly straight. EE T'uis is a transversely oblong shell, whose margin is four-sided, the side beneath the beaks is very short and much curved, the others long, and approaching to straight ; it is very gibbose towards the beaks; the shell is very thin. Found rather sparingly in the Black Rock, near Dub- lin, from two to four inches wide. It is a boldly formed fossil, and the specimens are generally very regular and well defined ; none, however, have been met with that show enough of the hinge to prove by it that they belong to the genus Isocardia ;—the same observation will also apply to the I. concentrica ;—it is only by their general form that we are led to arrange them both under that genus, the thinness of their shells is rather an objection. An Isocardia exactly resembling the Cor is met with in the Crag, and we have the cast of another very similar in Limestone ; but neither, perfect enough for figuring. 149 PERNA quadrata. TAB. CCCCXCII. Spec. Cuoar. Quadrilateral, one side shorter than the other three; valves gibbose, unequal, the shorter side very concave, bounded by two obtuse carine ; beaks prominent. er A REMARKABLY square and convex Perna: the crena- tures in the hinge line, which fills one of the sides, are few and large. The shell, to judge from the remaining portion of the spar that filled the space it once occupied, was very thick, and so concave on the side beneath the beaks as to form there a heart-shaped cavity, bounded by | ridges that curve gently along the beaks: in the centre of this cavity it is probable the byssus passed: the beak of the larger valve projects a good deal, the other is shorter ; they are both pointed, and nearly straight. This is little more than a cast in compact Limestone containing a little Mica; but as the characters are very conspicucus, and as it is probable the outside will not easily be detached from the stone when other specimens are found, we have not thought it necessary to postpone the figure. It is from the Cornbrash at Bulwick, and was found by John Hogg, Esq. So) ee aa ad Yo Sid SIM aadt L 9a) “Seatatons v4 oat ONE os if) ny Ot qifsitanga'S. Ma F e a} aa. x ce a ri ‘edhiig ata ® a Haars oft Holl sa von ee : “ashy slant ork. gltsa a auk ite STR: Si ts iA, foigh ui: es boi nest e (gp. ig att: Tae tyssh ee F grad: ie ro es gotta) s alae eet. yatlaNlinee virtua Sid ‘ofht Ty Bis engaarsh aut af; den 3: ri S e Mesa attic sal, he Mi a gos aon ai Hie j soya o) FR- y legs SoH pits 3 ; : ke : 1 ie so ohoidigys art ke bisa iboising 6 aura a k ato donq. ml Jage-de cue) guage t * ¢ ARS bn Py , Mey "an: . wis digest adh ape SAG = ae tae figye abide 90 i eae: 0 fa vatien ay fi! fret ; aioe . ¢ ' i} : ic FEL i ‘ © ay = 4 - - “4 J 2 1D] SPIRIFER lineatus. TAB. CCCCXCIIL—/igs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Gibbose, covered with numerous di- verging sharp strie ; front semicircular, ele- vated in the middle ; from the elevation of the front a convex band proceedsto the beak ; hinge line long and straight ; beaks rather distant. Tue width is nearly double the length; where the sur- face is perfectly preserved, the elevated strie are found to be minutely granulated; the beaks are curved and approach nearly together, the space between them is rounded, and has a large triangular foramen ; the hinge line does not extend quite the whole width of the shell. Found in the Dudley Limestone. Fig. 2 is froma spe- cimen collected by Charles Stokes, Esq. en SPIRIFER attenuatus. TAB, CCCCXCIII.. figs. 3,4 and 5, Spec. Cuar. Convex, covered with numerous linear furrows, which increase in number towards the margin; front rounded, elevated in the middle, from each side of the elevation a deep furrow proceeds to the beak ; sides produced, pointed ; hinge line long, straight ; space be- tween the beaks flat, with nearly parallel edges. Tue furrows upon the surface of this shell form be- tween them thin branched ribs: in many specimens the elevated part of the front is not followed by a corre- sponding elevation along the surface, although the other valve is concave in that direction; the width is nearly three times the length in some specimens, others are less attenuated laterally. Produced by the Black Limestone near Dublin. 152 SPIRIFER bisulcatus. TAB. CCCCXCIV.—figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Semicircular, gibbose, longitudinally sulcated, elevated in the middle, a deep furrow on each side the elevation ; hinge line long, straight ; beaks close. Burt little wider than long. The furrows are about 30; two of them near the middle are much deeper than the rest, and the space between them is convex in some spe- cimens, but flat in others (see fig. 2), the space between, the beaks is very long, flat, and has nearly parallel sides in consequence of the edges of it upon the deeper valve being reflected. ; | From near Dublin. Sccinietieenes.....:.<_aeeeeeel SPIRIFER distans. TAB. CCCCXCIV .—feg. 3. Spec. Cuar. Semicircular, gibbose ; sides sulcated longitudinally ; front elevated, elevation ex- tending to the beaks, concave along the mid- dle ; beaks incurved, distant, the space between them curved, triangular. Ten or twelve furrows occupy the sides of this shell, the elevated part along the middle has no furrows ; the length is about two-thirds of the width. Much resembling the last, and also from Dublin. 153 TEREBRATULA acuminata. TAB. CCCCXCV. var. sulcata. (fig. 1.) var. plicata. (fig. 3.) Upon a comparison of several Irish and Derbyshire specimens of Terebratula acuminata with many similar to those before us, we have observed that the species is liable to much variation in form, but is not generally so blunt nor so strongly sulcated as the handsome variety represented in fig. 1. We are also able to confirm our suspicions that fig. 1 of Pl. 246 of the Encyclopédie Méthodique is undoubtedly a representation of one of the varieties, and has been erroneously quoted by La- marck as 'Terebratula spirifera (Spirifer cuspidatus M.C. 120), a totally different shell. The variety with from 3 to 5 plaits in the margin of the sinus is generally small, but sometimes twice as big as the figure. We have been induced to give figures, to show the near approach of these varieties to the following species. The specimen (fig. 1) isin the rich collection of Charles Stokes, Esq.: itis from the Mountain Limestone tract about Clitheroe in Lancashire. The other variety (fig. 3) is common in Ireland, and also occurs near Clitheroe. L ? ? - 3 i 154 TEREBRATULA cordiformis. TAB. CCCCXCV.—figs. 2 and 4. Spec. Cuar. Heart-shaped, front much elevated with a deep sinus in the margin ; sides rather convex, sharp-edged ; middle ornamented with several acute furrows reaching almost to the beaks. Tus differs from the last in being much more tumid in the middle, and in having 3 or more sharp angular fur- rows extending from the middle of the large marginal a almost to the beaks: it is very variable in magni- tude. Found in the Mountain Limestone of Ireland, but not plentiful. TEREBRATULA reniformis. TAB. CCCCXCVI.—figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. Spec. Cuar. Reniform, middle furnished with three or four longitudinal rounded ridges, ter- minated by acute plaits in the much elevated margin of the front; sides inflated below the entire edges. A mvcu rounded, almost two-lobed, inflated and more or less depressed shell. The form of the ridges and in- termediate furrows is very remarkable, being rounded, while the corresponding notches in the margin are acute- angular: the peculiar form of the sides of the beaked valve, which are inflated so as to hang below the edges, will distinguish all the varieties of this species. Very abundant in the Mountain Limestone of Dublin and Cork. 155 TEREBRATULA platyloba. TAB. CCCCXCVI.—figs. 5 and 6. Spec. Cuar. Transversely obovate, depressed; front elevated, with several acute plaits in the middle of the sinus; sides with one or two obscure plaits upon their edges. Aumost twice as wide as long, and much depressed ; several obtuse ribs proceed from the plaits in the edge of the front to a greater or less distance towards the beaks in various individuals : they are not much elevated. The sinus in the front almost divides it into two lobes. The only specimens I have seen of this species are from Clitheroe: they enrich the collection of Charles Stokes, Esq., to whose liberality I am much indebted. TEREBRATULA Pugnus. TAB. CCCCXCVII. Spec. Cuar. Obovato-deltoid, rather depressed ; front much elevated, with from four to six plaits in the middle of the sinus ; sides convex, with several plaits upon their edges. Syn. Conch. Anomites Pugnus. Martin, Pet. Derb. Pl. 22, figs. 4 and 5. Syst. Arr. P. 13. From the marginal plaits in the middle of the sinus a few furrows generally extend some way into the shell, and sometimes reach nearly to the beaks ; otherwise the 156 surface is convex and smooth, as in the several species just described ; from all of which, except T. platyloba, (which is known by its flatness,) it is distinguished by the lateral plaits. All the figures are of specimens from Ireland, except fig. 6, which is taken from one found in Derbyshire. - Were it not that we possess the individual specimen Mr. Martin figured, we should, notwithstanding the ac- curacy of his figure, have been in some doubt regarding its identity with the species before us; but we find its blunt form toarise from distortion, caused by several very evident fractures. Terebratula lateralis M. C. (tab. 83, f. 1,) is probably a variety of T. Pugnus, although it have only three plaits : however, the difficulty of distinguish- ing which are species, and which are varieties, is so great in this variable division of 'Terebratule, that I can- not speak positively. Figs. 3,4, and 5, upon the present plate, are very nearly related to T. platyloba upon the last plate, and seem to point out that as a variety only of T. Pugnus. The number of plaits, the form and general aspect even, is so inconstant, that out of several hun- dred specimens hardly two can be found alike. Those with lateral plaits are the most variable, and might per- haps be divided into more species ; but it would be diffi- cult to assign the boundaries. On the other hand, the T. inflata is in general recognised immediately by its form. In the Encyclopédie Méthodique (tab. 245, figs. 6 and 7) are figures of a Terebratula with lateral but no cen- tral plaits. Can this be a variety of either of the Irish species ? 157 PYRULA Greenwoodii. TAB. CCCCXCVIII. Spec. Cuar. Pyriform with a short produced spire, reticulated with scattered elevated striz ; beak pointed ; shell thin. A year shell, considerably longer than P. nexilis (tab. 331), and its striz are not so much elevated, so that it is recognised at first sight as a distinct species. For this hitherto undiscovered fossil, which is the more interesting as it belongs to a genus consisting of but a small number of species, we are indebted to Mrs. Greenwood, by whose name we have distinguished it, acknowledging the zeal with which she has made an in- teresting collection of Hampshire fossils, in which this forms an ornament, and the kindness with which she has opened it to our examination. ies tbe a aol noe 4g iw _ edt j vena 2 , 5 ' i ‘ a ‘ ’ ¥ » 4g we get his F ; . | s aurea , ME Re 2 sy ef 7 i) aia sigan a, ath sous xitong 50 me : ” Z © ie. e man sak " * ass qa 40 Dia tn why Sit 4 oe ei dloidve ali sagh “he! gevooel haa otiodli ie Yo. gaileiasos, ee aoy 8.63 -egtial ie Fi cr hie mn alton hortobai oi ov, es sivocqi Pa saaseana Tea aa te, “soe oar 18 Wn goetact oxi or “i ie 2 fe iif it rithiy t tabs ad's * + P . “ v ’ ee " sil ld ail aligcsh. ond aiaar 1s Boil: ‘anaal ate, ipider. sin peas bavi: oil fog dude wn A OE BE FRE: Re ttt \ ey ( , oa aka Lis, Vay ce ey ‘ ‘ Wik a 4. x H F pet ‘ | a if eticcnis | pundits’ NOAM, + \ ‘ i ¢ ? ay ' ) Ken s « Lee 3 ‘f 1 ¢ a i \ . ‘ - i i ; : be 4 ‘ i - ‘ F : s i ia 159 TURRITELLA muricata. TAB. CCCCXCIX.—figs. 1 and 2. Spec. Cuar. Subulate, transversely striated ; stria elevated into spines upon numerous small, arched cost. Less than an inch long; the upper edge of each whorl is flattened; the small spines with which the spire is roughened are most prominent upon the edges of the whorls: the convex base is free from spines, and the striz upon it are much elevated and sharp. We are indebted to Thomas Meade, Esq. for the means of exhibiting this elegant little shell. The group, which forms one of the many rare specimens contained in his rich cabinet, was found at Steeple Ashton: it con- tains also portions of Turbo muricatus (tab. 240, f. 4), and of an unfigured Murex. We have another specimen in the same kind of Clay as the following, and also from Robinhood’s Bay: this is accompanied by T. muricatus, indicating a contem- porary formation with that of Steeple Ashton. 160 TURRITELLA cingenda. TAB. CCCCXCIX.—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Subulate, transversely striated; sides of the whorls rather concave, upon their lower edges is a crenated band. Tue upper part of the spire is slightly ribbed, but the ribs or waves are gradually lost; the strie are fine and impressed, they are closer in the middle of each whorl ; the base is flat with a round (and in the young shell, cre- nated) edge, which produces the band around the spire. Found in shaley Clay in Robinhood’s Bay near Scar- borough, by Mr. Bean, who has kindly lent us a number of interesting fossils from that neighbourhood. 161 AMMONITES Humphriesianus. TAB. D.—fig. 1. SPEC. Cuar. Discoid, thick, radiated, inner whorls exposed ; front rounded, radii large, numerous, rising into a tubercle on each side the whorl, where they branch into three ; aperture arched, oblong. Composen of about 4 or 5 whorls, which are almost wholly exposed, more especially the outer ones; the radii are straight, gradually rising towards a conical tu- bercle, which in the outer whorls occupies about the middle of each side, and is distant from the suture, but in the inner ones is placed close to the suture that sepa- rates the turns: the inner whorls have a much flatter front than the outer, whence their sections are quadran- gular, whilst the aperture of a large shell is almost lu- nate. The two specimens figured of this Ammonite are from the stock of Mr. George Humphries. They were marked Sherborne, and appear to come from the Ironshot or in- ferior Oolite: the larger one is only apolished half. The same species occurs abundantly at Bayeux in Normandy of a brighter colour. 162 AMMONITES contractus. TAB. D.—fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Subglobose, umbilicated, radiated ; radii rising into tubercles upon the border of the umbilicus, then dividing into three or four branches that pass over the much rounded front ; aperture oblong, arched. A species ornamented exactly like the last, but so glo- bose that the inner whorls are almost concealed, the sides of the shell appearing as if contracted together to form a deep umbilicus. Found at Dundry: now in the collection of the Rey. Dr. Beeke, whose favours we have before had several occasions to acknowledge. 163 AMMONITES Listeri. TAB. DI.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Subdiscoid, inner whorls partly con- cealed ; front convex, broad, crossed by nume- rous small ribs ; sides inversely conical, ribbed; ribs terminated by tubercles. Syn. Conch. Naut. Ammonites Listeri. Martin, Pet. Derb. Pl. 35, f. 3. Tuis elegant fossil is a miniature representation of A. Blagdeni (tab. 201) : its thickness almost equals its diameter, which seldom exceeds an inch and a half: at rather distant intervals annular depressions are to be observed upon the cast of the inside, which indicate that the edge of the aperture was thickened at certain periods of its growth. Martin says this shell is foundin most of the Limestone tracts in his vicinity, particularly near Eyem and Middle- ton. We have received it from a stratum of Shale be- longing to the Coal series, and referred by Mr. Farey to his third Coal * : it occurs in nodules of either Limestone or Iron-pyrites. In the latter substance it often happens that only casts of the outside remain, consisting of two spirally ornamented cones placed with their apices near- ly in contact: suchare represented in British Mineralogy (tab. 455), and probably came from Whitley-wood mine near Sheffield. The specimens now figured are those * See Derbyshire Report, p. 214. 164 which the Rev. Mr. Steinhauer collected, along with Pecten papyraceus * (tab. 354), about two miles and a half north of Halifax, on the road to Bradford, where the Limestone ballsare sufficiently abundant torepay the ex- pense of burning. The stratum of Shale that contains them extends northward beyond Bradford to Idle, in the neighbourhood of Calverly and Farsley near Horse- forth. Thestratum may be thus traced from Middleton to near Leeds, and perhaps further. We expect at some future pericd to see an account of this district from the pen of E. S. George; Esq., who has examined it parti- cularly, and traced the Pecten papyraceus (that seems to accompany Am. Listeri) through a long course. AMMONITES longispinus. TAB. DI.—/fig. 2. Spec. Cuar. Discoid, thick, with two concentric rows of spines upon each side; whorls few, half exposed, front round. A Neary plain shell, consisting of two or three whorls with long spiniform tubercles on each side: the aperture would be orbicular were it not rather deeply indented by the preceding whorl ; the greatest length of the aper- ture is about 3-5ths of the diameter of the shell. Found near Weymouth. A considerable portion of the pearly shell remains mingled with sparry Carbonate of Lime, and filled with indurated Marl, and a little Iron- pyrites. * Anomia Pecten Gmel. 3342. Pectinites membranaceus, &c. Lister, Anim. Angl.243. t. 9. £49. 165 TEREBRATULA lata. - TAB. DII.—fg. 1. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, convex, regular- ly plaited ; front elevated ; the perforated valve flattest, with a produced beak ; plaits 40. Forty regular neat plaits, ten or twelve of which are raised with the front, cover the surface of this pretty Terebratula; it would be twice as wide as long were not the beak produced beyond that proportion. Foundin the greenSand. We have specimens, through the kindness of Mrs. Gent, from the Devizes Canal ; of C. W. Loscombe, Esq., from near Sidmouth ; and of H. H. Goodhall, Esq., from Farringdon in Berkshire: the one from the last place is coloured with ochre, and empty ; the others are nearly white, and filled with stone. TEREBRATULA depressa. TAB. DIl.—fg. 2. Spec. Cuar. Triangular, depressed, regularly plait- ed; front elevated; lateral angles rounded ; beaks produced ; plaits 20. Wuen so young that the front is hardly elevated, this shell is almost orbicular ; in which circumstance it differs from the last, the proportions of which do not vary much by age: the plaits are sharp, about eight of them are raised with the front. Found at Farringdon by H. H. Goodhall, Esq. 166_ TEREBRATULA nuciformis, TAB. DIL—fig. 3. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, globose, regu- larly plaited ; front elevated ; beak produced ; plaits 30, rounded. Smatzer than a hazel-nut. The edges of the plaite are rounded, and near the front often have a sunk line upon them. The specimens being empty, show the arched processes from the hinge neatly preserved. Found near Farringdon by Mr. Sowerby in 1809, in a pit called a gravel pit rendered remarkable by a great number of cup-shaped fossils, which Mr. S. proposed to call Spongia pezizoides (see Brit. Mineralogy, tab. 482, and Linn. Trans. x. 405). TEREBRATULA acuta. TAB. DII.—/fig.4. Spec. Cuar. Transversely oblong, gibbose, large- ly plaited; front elevated with 6 plaits, of which the lateral ones are the largest ; beak’slightly produced ; plaits 20, sharp. Tus strong resemblance of this to the others before us is very striking ; but the sharpness of the plaits, and the size of those especially that bound the elevated front, al- though variable, will distinguish it; the beak is also smaller and more curved. Presented by Miss E. Warne, who obtained a good series from ochraceous Limestone at Cleeve Hill near Cheltenham in 1820. 167 TEREBRATULA plicatella. TAB. DIII.—fig. 1. Spec. Cuar. Subglobose, rather square, plaited ; front elevated ; beak small, with a broad ob- long concave space on each side; plaits 40, rounded. Tix or twelve of the plaits rise gradually with the front; the descending sides are rather straight, which, with the flattish spaces on each side of the beak, give the whole a squarish outline: the plaits are often branched near the beaks, so that they were less numerous in the young shell. Upon plate 244 of the Encycl. Méthodique (fig. 2) is represented a Terebratula* that much resembles the one before us; but it has a much less number of plaits, and is in this respect more like the following: they all have the remarkable space on the sides of the beaks. The cabinet of H. T. De la Beche, Esq. is enriched with this probably scarce fossil: it is from the inferior Oolite at Chideock near Bridport. * Lamarck Hist. Nat. vi. Part I. 253, refers to this as T. tetraédra, considering it the same as T.tetraédra of Min. Con. t. 83, f. 4, which he also quotes; but which is a totally different shell. 168 TEREBRATULA serrata. TAB. DIII.—fig. 2. Srec. Cuar. Rounded, triangular, convex with a blunt margin, largely plaited ; beak small, with a large nearly flat space on each side of it ; plaits sharp, about 11, of which 5 are a little raised in the front. Tuts is more depressed than the shell above referred to in the Encyclopédie, but in other respects much like it. Can it be a young individual of the same species ? From the same collection as the last: found in Lyas at Lyme Regis. INDEX TO VOL. V. rie -ainieal Tab. Page. Tab. Page AcTEoN acutus .... 455 f.2 78 ; Bullaacuminata .. 464.5 98 crenatus.... 460 f.1 87 attenuata .. 464 f. 3 97 cuspidatus .. 455f.1 17 elongatus... 460f.3 88 striatus .... 460 f. 2 87 Ammonites Catena. 420 21 contractus .. 5007.2 162 corrugatus.. 451f.3 4 cristatus .... 421 f.3 24 Humphrie- cone 500f.1 161 Johnstoni... 449 f.1 70 leviusculus.. 451 f. 1&2 73 Listeri...... 501 f-1 163 longispinus.. 501.2 164 multicostata , 454 16 parvus...... AAO f.2 70 Planorbis... 448 69 rotiformis... 453 76 striatulus... 421 f. 1 23 subradiatus.. 421 f.2 23 Turneri .... 452 15 varicosus. .. 451 f.4&5 74 Anomia lineata Les - 425 = Arca cancellata... 473 f.2 115 depressa .... 474.2 116 duplicata... 474f.1 116 pulchra,.... 473 f.3 115 quadrisulcata 473 f.1 115 tumida.... AT4f.3 116 Astarte orbicularis .444 ae 64* 5 &6 pumila. .... 444 f.2&3 64* trigonalis... 444 f.1 63* Auricula baccinea. 465 f.2 100 ventricosa... 465 f. 1 99 Bellerophon apertus 469 f.1 108 Cornu-Arietis 469 f.2 108 costatus ... 470f.4 110 hiulcus..... ATO f.1 109 tenuifascia.. 470 f.2 109 Buccinum Sane 415 f.2 14 culatum crispatum .. 413 12 Dalen. . .'.:. A86 f.1& 2 139 desertum ... 415 f. 1 14 elesans.-<,. «417 fol, 121 incrassatum . 414 f. 2 13 labiatum.., 412 7.1 §2 11 Jabiosum ... ATT f.2 122 lavatum .... 412 f7.3&4 11 propinquum, 477f.1 121 sulcatum... ATT f.4 122 tenerum ... 486 7.3&4140 tetragonum . 414 f. 1 13 unilineatum . 486 f. 5&6 140 convoluta . elliptica.... 464 f. 6 96 filosa ...... Cirrus carinatus,... 4297.3 36 depressus... 428 f.3 35 perspectivus. 428 f. 1&2 35 rotundatus .. 429 f.1&2 36 Clavagella coronata 480 128 Crania Parisiensis.. 408 3 Crenatulaventricosa 443 64 Cuculleza costellata 447 f. 2 67 elongata,,.. 447 fil 67 minuta .... 447f.3 68 rudis ...... 447 f.4 68 Cypris Faba...... 485 136 Dolium nodosum .. 427 34 Euomphalus coro- cot A50f.3 71 funatus .. 451 f.1&2 71 Fissurella greca .. 483 132 Fusus complanatus. 423 f. 2&3 27 Iie Shecee 423 f. 4 28 regularis.... 423 f.1 27 Inoceramus Brome: bas f.28&3 60 niarti cordiformis. . 440 61 Cuvieri ..... 441 f. 1 59 mytiloides.. 442 62 Isocardiaconcentrica49i f.1 147 oblonga... 491f.2 148 Lucina divaricata.. 417 18 Mitra parva ...... 430 f. 1 37 pumila .. . 430.2 3T Murex alveolatus.. 411 f.2 9 bispinosus .. 416 f.2 15 Calcar .... 411 f.2 7 defossus .... 411 f,1 9 frondosus... 416 f.3 16 Peruvianus . 434 f,1 AT quadratus .. 410f.1 T sexdentatus. 411 /.3 10 tortuosus ... 4347.2 48 ‘ tricarinatus , 416 f.1 15 Mya depressa ..... 418 19 ; gibbosa .... 419 f. 1 19 intermedia... 419 f.2 20 plicata ..... A419 Ff. 3 20 Myoconcha crassa . 467 103 Mytilus edentulus.. 439 f. 1 55 lanceolatus.. 439 f.2 55 sublevis.... 439 f.3 56 Natica cirriformis.. 479 f. i glaucinoides.479 f.4 126 hemiclausa,, 479 f.2 125 INDEX TO VOL, V. Tab. Page Natica sigaretina.. 479 f.3 126 Nautilus biangulatus 458 f. 2 84 cariniferus .. 482 f. 3&4 130 expansus.... 458 f.1 83 globatus .... 481 129 multicarinatus 482 f. 1&2 129 Nerita aperta..... A24 f. 2, 30 3&4 costata....- A463 f.5&6 94 globosa..... 424 f. 1 29 minuta .... 463 f.3&4 93 spirata. ... 463 f.1&2 93 Nucula angulata .. 476f.5 120 antiquata .. 475 f.4 118 claviformis...476 f.2 119 impressa.... 475f.3 118 Lacryma.... 476f.3 119 mucronata.. 476f.4 120 Ovum,..... AT6f.1 118 Palme... ATR FL ¥ variabilis .. 475 f.2 117 Orthocera paradoxica457 81 Ostrea costata .... 488 f.3 143 dorsata .... 489 f. 1&2 144 leviuscula.. 488f.1 143 macroptera . 468 f.2&3 105 obscura .... 488 f.2 143 semiplana .. 489f.3 144 solitaria.... 468 f.1 105 Ovula Leathesi...... 478 124 Patella ancyloides. 484 f.2 134 LEAR IAS Gige A84f.1 133 Nanus...... 484f.3 134 Pectunculus bre- virostris ‘ MFA ul? minimus.... 472f.5 114 oblongus.... 4727.6 114 scalaris .... 472f.2 113 sublevis.... 472f.4 112 variabilis ... 474 1}f : umbonatus... 472f.3 113 _ Perna quadrata .. 492 149 Pileolus levis ...... 432 f.5—8 43 plicatus .... 432 f.1—4 43 Plicatula inflata ... 409 f. 2 6 pectinoides . 409 f. 1 5 Producta depressa . 459 f.3 86 fimbriata ... 459 f. 1 85 plicatilis...... 459 f.2 85 Pyrula Greenwoodii 498 157 Sanguinolaria cua 462 91 pressa Saxicava rugosa.... 466 101 Tab. Page. Spirifer attenuatus . 493 f. it) 151 4&5 bisulcatus ... 494 f.1&2 152 cuspidatus .. 461 f. 2 90 distans..,... 4947.3 152 lineatus .... 493 f. 1&2 151 _ Totundatus... 461 f. 1 89 Tellina inzequalis... 456 f. 2 80 striatula .... 456.1 19 Terebratula acu- 2 495 FAS minata J 5 &4 153 acuta ..2'4 502f.4 166 biplicata.... 437 f.2&3 53 bucculenta... 438 f. 2 54 bullata .... 435 f.4 49 cordiformis. 4957.2 154 cornuta ... 446 /.4 66 depressa.... 5027.2 165 elongata.... 435 f.1&2 49 emarginata.. 435 f. 5 50 globata ...... 436 f. 1 51 hastata .... 446 f/°2&3 66 indentata ... 445 f.2 65 lata cee 5 502f.1 165 maxillata ... 436 f.4 52 nuciformis... 502f.3 166 obesa ....+2.-. 438 f. 1 54 obtusa .... 437f-4 53 perovalis .. 436 f.2&3 51 platiloba ... 496 f.5&6 155 plicatella ... 503f.1 167 Pugnus .... 497 155 reniformis .. 496 f. 1—4 154 Sacculus...... 446 f. 1 65 Belay cass sep . ABT fl 53 serrata’ s-.1.0) DOS far spheroidalis 435 f. 3 49 triquetra ... 445 f. 1 65 Trigonia(Lyridon 7) {asi 39 elongata Turbo conicus ...... 433 f. 1 45 rotundatus... 433 f. 2 45 Turritella cingenda 499f.3 159 muricata.... 499 f. 1&2 159 Venericardia cha- a ae 490f.1 145 orbicularis.. 490 f.2 145 scalaris ...... 4907.3 146 Venus elegans ...... 422 f.3 26 lineolata.... 422 f.2 25 pectinifera . 422.4 26 transversa .. 422 f. 1 25 Volvaria acutiuscula 487 142 CORRECTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS. Page 4, note, for besuperseded, read be superseded. 5, line 3, after curved, add depressed. 22, last line but 3, for catena, read Catena 26, line 23, for pectenifera, read pectinifera, 31, last line but 1, for comprehended, read combined. 32, after the name, add Tas. CCCCXXV. Oxs.—The specific name of ANOMLIA striata must be changed, striata having been before employed for a recent species : we propose lineata as the name for the fossil. 36, line 13, for Figs. 3 and 4, read Fig. 3. 39, line 9, add Encl. Meéth. t. 258, f. 2. 50, line 8, for 6, read 5. 54, line 9 from the bottom, for of the, read of this. 54, for thin, read their. 63, line 10 from bottom, for credulated grove, read crenulated groove. 64*, tab. 444, The figures upon the plate are incorrect: for 2, read 5; for 3, read 6; for 5, read 2; for 6, read 3. 72, last line but 1, for Enomphalus, read Euomphalus. 84, last line but 2, for Bristol, read Dublin. 90, line 2, for 1, read 2. 90, last line but 1, for Bristol, read Dublin. 109, line 10, for tab. read vol. 114, line 3, for CCCCLXII, read CCCCLXXII. 114, line 14, for CCCCLXXI, read CCCCLXXII. 129. Oss.—The fossils described as coming from Cork are many of them from near Dublin, out of a mixed collection. —The same species are found at both places. 134, line 13, for nanus, read Nanus,