[ Roa , oy aS | f 5 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MIOCENE TEXT REMINGTON KELLOGG LIBRARY OF MARINE MAMMALOGY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MARYLAND Se CLOGICAL SURVEY MIOCENE TEX, BALTIMORE THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 1904 PRINTED BY The Fricdenwald Company BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. COMMISSION EDWIN WARFIELD, ; : : : : : PRESIDENT. GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND. GORDON T. ATKINSON, . COMPTROLLER OF MARYLAND. IRA REMSEN, . : : , ; , EXECUTIVE OFFICBR. PRESIDENT OF THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. hee Wao LaV ESTER, |. : : : : ; : SECRETARY. PRESIDENT OF THE MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Aid Coin d a +i | ey : - hw i Zz 4 Arn La, 4 - r ‘ : ie folks : ae a a SCIEN TMEBIC STAFF Wm. Buttock CrarK, : : : f ; STATE GEOLOGIST. SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SURVEY. Epwarp B. MatHews, : ‘ } ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST. GroRGE B. SHATTUCK, . : ; : 4 ; . GEOLOGIST. GrorcE C. Martin, ; . : : : GEOLOGIST. L. C. GLEenn, ; . ; 5 : ; ) ‘ GEOLOGIST. B. L. MILueEr, : : : : ‘ GEOLOGIST. Harry Frevpinc Retp, CHIEF OF THE HIGHWAY DIVISION. lL. A. BAUER, CHIEF OF THE DIVISION OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. And with the cooperation of several members of the scientific bureaus of the National Government. - RATA if q LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To His Excellency Epwin WaARFIELD, Governor of Maryland and President of the Geological Survey Commission. Sir:—Somewhat over three years ago the first volume of a series of reports dealing with the systematic geology and paleontology of Maryland was presented to the public. This publication which to the average reader might seem highly technical was most favorably received by geo- logical experts both in this country and abroad. I now have the honor of presenting to you the second of this series which, on account of its size, is issued in two parts. It deals with a division of Maryland geology that has received the attention of students for nearly a century. The present work includes a summary of previous observations to which is added a large amount of new information. On account of the highly technical nature of this report it is perhaps fitting to state that a clear comprehension of our geological formations is based on a knowledge not only of the materials out of which the strata are composed but also of the remains of animal and plant life which the rocks contain. In order therefore that our results may receive the recognition of geologists now and in the future, accurate descriptions and illustrations have been con- sidered to be requisite. The several authors of this report, many of whom, as explained later, are among the best known authorities in America upon the subjects herein discussed, have supplied chapters that will place the Maryland Miocene deposits conspicuously before geological workers everywhere. Trusting the volume submitted may merit your approval, I remain, Very respectfully, WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK, State Geologist. Jouns Hopkins UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, October, 1904. PI 4 CONTENTS DEVE VAO INT teyrstes eetiefevareyoene HOing caves SSG PAO OOS Oe Seer OO, A Ga cm do , THE MIOCENE DEPOSITS OF MARYLAND. By WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK, GEORGE BURBANK SHATTUCK, AND WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.......... INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS. By William Bul- HOCK eC ares a5 wera incire tiie senens sissies aston te Sie ean vob cbaveini sh agolnsr hoyle sareteroot= ENTERS OT) OT Ole Waee vate tate et oy chai oy cries Sisicl eve ee as totes aro pece tree oars cones eh aranctatesneie ps ne maaas CENTRAL TRATIGR APH TOP DitAtll ONBr: «tie «tcnsyensc rele ec inrerstelate slauetere lectern elsls OEE ACE DUG ite sformccxae oars, eye so thc ecole RaateTR Sac ete A eIR CSRs NG it Miche eae here PN OCOITC RR ete lale er hehe ien ACNE evel n hanks Ste ede Ne hnicds Memuitanamer morse tare ate fewalehtcs ae. Sie Miocene GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS, WITH A REVIEW OF EAk- LIER INVESTIGATIONS. By George Burbank Shattuck........ Seite HISTORICAL REVIEW.......... Sole ous he kasi Sattiere ase RS ROCHE PIORNGIC EC DES STB LTO GUA Y resec.oyhys.c.eeaters oeflensiaasreyete Se ecere Baa Sey ih Rae SEES Re tir CHOGRAPHIO AND (GROLOGICAD SIV BLATIONS cian cistceucs kes. alarcraine cape aie es DISD AUDUCTON! Otc TEINS Ceiba, ced ciercmte ith bench beer cies. Seuisdana: Shen ceostrage ev'e eee’) ere - MASS AGHIISE DESH osc oe eub ety aycasiertsrare suerte sheraireatte Rites tee oust nls io erlovatelzi enone ions NiGUAU ORIG AAS sacha a Once Ondowie Ob Bad. ce Bobs oo Old domo cio bid a Glog omrorsotec ID OUB WATE zs fhycte bis. drst tebe om ha, te Re OM takes a Ra its et eper st Meilazeds, era areal meeeirarsls INU LE HE LIE W106 Le es erat emeuics ERE: Ole as ee o PIECES Ooomy cage acuth SRO or atee ore ran VALE CUM ay Mare Mv ar, COs. cttarstin, suai ch scone kvtiom eed oleae SM oratinr Bees cd Siete oe Raa North Carolina CHESAPEAKE GROUP IN MARYLAND....... Se AMR a aroen ateloheta eee Mavens, iver Culvert MCOnMaiGLOn sees alc ee slate ee cnarerai?. oe nears elas, exare eh dreteas ale ies Are Ale DTS EU UO Mires sfc tseyetre ice alccetehe ate. cger'slapedena eps Yolen e onare ala tyiexaton eters ena SORE, Dio Py) ANIONS Seas Bano BOnO6 Aor mutiO.o 0 Da nia OH O.G 6 clntoeio ste NUD GU LSIOMS a ccc tie eitlcuahero ey arate ele sce waite! « BO PEND io ere OO IO Rimmer olni tame cece cee: feed Mh AE ee SHAR A Ce Ori ee TA eS GREE hheiChoptanks Horm ation sc sere towi< tie one eidiete oa eve onstelarsytens Tejeeeate ATOR POISE MUO MELON rs a ev ordiinc ets) ccm sinretaterctovcwe nisin ancbewoner testis exe Mee oA rere SLUG Tea TGu DMT COMES Siastetetcs mrss olersys eine i-actonsve alt=) sey ones le evees caceer ers) Chardcteriot Mavenialiss yore nici cis sicretis stereia cet RA LE Paro deer AO PAGE XVii XXxi Xxili XXxili XXvi Xxvii XXix xxix xk XXxi XXxiii XXxiii xli Ixv Ixv Ixy lxv Ixvi Ixvi [xviii Ix viii lxix lxix lxix Ixix Ixx Ixxi Ixxii Ixxii ]xxiv Ixxviii Ixxviii ]xxix 1xxx Ixxx Ixxxi 1xxxii Ixxxii Ixxxiv xil CONTENTS PAGE Characterof Materials. se Soy fyt-aisesy-cages cyte tee Beate che ein level eereiel ne erent Ixxxiv Shiney Haul volennwoNys pb coo on neodmes Sb GboEne wonD Soon ogbbeao oats Ixxxiv RUDAIUVISTONIS Pi. ter ciel steht essvcis ara teyevee ate tate chahavet weladoreietelensta ste te fe etever caste Roh vane 1xxxv WOCALSCCUONS A.) 4 ae accor cisieie's, wale wi ararorerenerarcie, ayenie, aye tauaislcbeb arse areas erate eon 1xxxvi Chesapeake Bay ‘Sections so sieve aicie eicecve steverarattycve cio ieiel ela) oletavenet-yorebay shee 1xxxvi ObherGSectionms: fiw. sci enemies a eee sale, estas sates cata einem aoe seeks xci ORIGINS OF MUA TM RUAIS. fate, cco o:srateras, alere overaucl ee evel= ae elleXelehesainlan ere erenereMchenerene xcli GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES..........+- xciil Table showing Distribution of Maryland Miocene Species............. xciv THE RELATIONS OF THE MIOCENE OF MARYLAND TO THAT OF OTHER RE- GIONS AND TO THE RECENT Fauna. By William Healey Dall..... exxix Characteristic Species of North American Miocene....................-:; cliii SWS UO CH Tea GL OMS NON OXE ES. MW OXCH OMS) ope boponaccoundoedOncGuooG 1 TW Ren ig gadis MLNS AD GU\ CAS CE Sane re TO Ge Con oO OO MOnMOmE OO Sooo cae ONO e 3 BAD ES vg OSV Hist COMO USE ahr, faissiaveite ioveuets) Siaieierstetarsiensrouous one) eyeleuarete ohete le len escve st eye ORs 58 LTO EE pela, 108 (Oral OF oer it eS 4. omic Geena cd ca NOD CIO MOd DES ob oa bd t felees 62 Pisces, By Charles hy HAashMam cr cc sco -itsra a) cope cetenee oreksie ie ue rcieveterere rete 71 VARY OI RECS ND, Hind DiC OIC OIE W OIC PCI ATS ERA G hot IO ALS OMI ASE oa 94 Malacosiraca.e by GC Martin ose). acicls int ese iene syaun tins sankatehyeetn eit 94 Cirrinedia® IByiGri@s Martins. serosa cis scase alesse aie) fe le setevarcloleusreate Serer 94 Oxtnacodas SByaHO Ulrich an dons. so ASBIET ners lers «1 sitre wielede ile) cuel etanoren= 98 TU GUUSOD as crabiiore cust he poretolate fete aiiete\iove ois le) bicveloiDis eye oleate fehekatare, ote chelate sberatensteKeale 130 CU Xin oNiins Aloy; (Gn (Cy NE nll as dag Gupan dace donno sDeocanoeespudades 130 Gastropoda. By G. C. Martin...... fe Sree ad Acatten en euonGl seas at ovsuss ey ete ¥ecanel(e eyaneueestens 131 ATU DILUIVEUT Oe EY Arena LVL AT: LUTIY. fora tajoye\te\(er=olereenaye OM ORD. COL imino 270 Scapnlopoda. By sG.. Cr Mabini. 5-16 wyeipuoce ier ere ssiei oNni pyerers hese ieuei evel occas hares 271 IAI En Mey Wa Ok (CniGiinN rs Bag Bog po nanooebo nos uno on GadeooaudGodC 274 DATS OOM LT GES, SPDR, Ste ROTORS Ge L ORDO CERO SA IIe SEO CS aes NGS 0 402 JAY EO SN NEA TOL NENA INS Rogan Bao eDOGD SD Onoda oaocoacmed UCUUK 402 Tag ny ae Ok Ohare ik. sy Brig se aobe a Paco ggaoon case aoe 404 Werrrics. ebyin Gre Ce NEAT In peretelataieratelatalsecteisicretaistel sis ater ialereretey haters eer chclststaTatees 430 TEV OOO NAMING: TSN FEN fale 6. OL ERA TS A ARIS penIeenG ceo a OOM o sb biyid Gere olan 432 COGLEIL CRATER ad 2s. < Recast ere ees Die iat aT OM eIeUS 91d Sed OURS, FO ee ee ee 433 Je EyOWs « “ls\~MeelOh AUIEEClNs F cock aA D ODE Rd MbiO HOR BG eLea oboe oro 6 433 ARUTLOZO Cg DY) 2 Ly Wis, V BUEN Tete ste rap oes esis) aveusa-yolsueie el etekeorte’ Sera eke oT 438 IPHOLOBOG srerentopsnsiieucos le Gia sialon aagned clone eles ianets ls cole eMele Shee eters evel acket=tolonctane ecOrremeTe 447 Radiologe. eeoy. Gs 1 Ce Martine eyenteiateiceies Cave one ttaiela a etka hake aieieyc reels 447 Horamimiperds By kt. Me Bap, Stic eq raych toete ais ciel © cteusinerersts) sicteleia ereteieners 460 YR OO ARE eS See ERE BE OPM TC OMA AITO Ske Snice wane Oneaceoed Si Oe & 483 AN OUOSPETING a De AL EMUT SLOG Ste yetay=yavetens fete ser eeiatetrareciate steiner rersteiars 485 TUR NOTION Puen exp (Ch ty HOMEIP Goods aoanebaneaedagbanhpe dds 487 HR AUD IAN cis Fes oc coro teste Year ake saitaiis -& Ler oa vat nase vek UE eevee Tastee we ceuan ietus dy GP ner a ncaa ate eens 508 GENERA TINDER S25 eveiaie e/eid arecy etern sv eeo vane seed ove rs: thie s ease bhewesert oe eeceRa el tbecnee ie RENE 509 PAGEONTOLOGICAT hs LNDIEX./. scaccon horas ave Oe oes. SIE Oe anna es 521 PLATE Te II. III. Nf VI. VII. VIII. ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Map showing Distribution of Miocene Deposits in WHC A IED IG eyo tes OO o.OO.0 01 UL DNOlOING OIE IND bOoG ti Ooo Views of Miocene Sections ..........--...20+--+-e0e> Fig. 1.—Cliffs of Diatomaceous Earth in Calvert For- mation at Fairhaven, Anne Arundel County...... Fig. 2.—Nearer view of one of the Cliffs at Fairhaven, carrying rolled and re-worked Eocene Fossils at the Views of Miocene Sections. ............5.-...-+++0=> Fig. 1.—Diatomaceous Works at Lyons Creek Wharf on the Patuxent River, Calvert County........... Fig. 2.—View showing contact of the Calvert For- mation on the Eocene and the Indurated Bands (Zone 2) 5 feet above it, near Lyons Creek, Calvert (Coin; .Fopoon on alogdOscomou ceo DOCH > nino crm Wie w sion MUOCEMEN SEC LLONS 2 ertoetal paisa ictetetatetsiaialeletslietel = Fig. 1.—Cliffs containing beds of Diatomaceous Earth, Lyons Wharf, Calvert County............, Fig. 2.—Diatomaceous Earth Pit of New York Silicite Company, Lyons Wharf, Calvert County......... General Columnar Section of Miocene Deposits in WichaabiG ha saouses apendoo Son Osea po obo Oodb Gon AvIGr Views of Miocene Sections.......---+++-----eseeee- Fig. 1.—View of the Calvert Cliffs from Chesapeake WBS) aha nmi 2 rane ate orate npstere tol eter yaketareaat sen aligfekel wove 3 Fig. 2.—Nearer view of the Calvert Cliffs showing the contact of the Choptank and Calvert Forma- tions, Governor Run, Calvert County...........- Views of Miocene Sections ............. 2s ee eee eee Fig. 1.—View of Drum Cliff, near Jones’ Wharf, St. Mary’s County, showing the Choptank Formation. Fig. 2.—Another view of Drum Cliff, showing the Choptank Formation with the Indurated Layer at DASEOL SCCLVOM a elec e alee eneierenelsiell=i-\ eleletoli=)e/aye clanelays:e Views of Miocene Sections...........-2+esee ee eeeees Fig. 1.—View from the Bluffs at the Dover Bridge locality on the Choptank River, Talbot County... Fig. 2.—View showing Fossil Bed in the Choptank Formation at Drum Cliff, near Jones’ Wharf, St. Mary’s County. ......--seeeee cece teteeeeees xxili Xxviill XxvVili XxXvili XxxXvi XXXVI xXxxvi xl xl xl lxiv lxxii [xxii lxxli lxxvi lxxvi lxxvi |xxx [sxaxaxs ]xxx PLATE IX. XEON. XXVi XXVIL. XR Vil Xk ex IT. SORTA ROT: RKKVX kN VIL XML 6 pe LEAL: LXV-CV III. Ox. CX-CXVIL. CXVIII. CRUX CRE, CXR: CX RII OX XLX. 0.0. GXXXD CXX XII. 69.6.0. G0 AN6).0.0. 018 ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Vile wseOie Miocene? Secnlonis. nee pier rater ene en eee Ixxxiv Fig. 1.—View showing the Low Shore-line near St. Marys (City. ist. Many isiCountyese 1) seer Ixxxiv Fig. 2.—View showing Bluffs at Cove Point, Cal- vert County, St. Mary’s Formation Exposed at BasehoLGSeGhlon., s.seces ce eyariarnarmeeee eet me eee 1xxxiv IVD gp OM UU LT oa wn Paes ete, atinge rin etc said ont sx nh aTeE ee In Atlas Mamim alias Aves. sandihiepbiliacc. seit sm ec eeeneee oe FUG DUIS Sc pensteeyetcxata) Boa-(o) hati ey a sibctone aires oles eae a PISCE Sixt cler cs ohana reve 's tonahel museh kates aks sector eatha, Cee eget Res fe ATMO POCA Cinnupe dialects sears temeiarees ete - ArthropodasOstracod aria -riskc ante. cermctae sek: hie reat: vc Mollusca-Cephalopoda and Gastropoda.............. es Molinsea-Gastropoda win raccec cial Seiten iae se ete UE Mollusca-Amphineura and Scaphoda..... .......... 6 Moliiseazelecy pOda) artnet cieiter rae eee ut Molluscoidea-Brachiopoda and Bryozoa.......... ai a SOMO OGRA sm AVAL’ wt 6 Mcogioeues oaiaoo ao ecsdodct uC Molluscoidea-Bryozoa and Vermes................. ss Hehinodenmatageys. ste ace eis ane eer a eee 6 CoelenteratasHydrozogee.). enim einer oe Coclenteraita=Anthozon cea cm ste ein eee nee te ELOtOzOd-RadLOlarta,® o.4.npirs ciate athe ee irate eae eS ve Rrotozoahonaminiherd. 2t,~ deus sie ae ere oma ore ve Palamibsecdb aillllopp bly; ei tte, as: seats abel cneieae cima teen crane ve PREFACE The present volume is the second of a series of reports dealing with the systematic geology and paleontology of Maryland. The first of this series was confined to the Eocene while the present volume comprises a discus- sion of the next younger geological horizon known as the Miocene. Several other reports are in preparation, two of which are already practi- cally completed. The Pliocene-Pleistocene report is ready-for the press, and the Devonian for which the field observations are finished is largely in manuscript form. It is not the intention to issue these volumes in geological sequence as each forms a unit in itself. The following reports are finally contemplated : { Phocene-Pleistocene Cenozoic + Miocene Kocene Mesozoic Triassic Carboniferous-Permian Devonian Paleozoic | Jurassic-Cretaceous | | Silurian . Cambrian-Ordovician Crystalline Rocks (Archean-Silurian) Maryland contains a remarkably complete sequence of geological formations representing nearly every horizon from the Archean to the Pleistocene although the deposits vary greatly in thickness and in the completeness of the faunas and floras which they contain. ‘I'wo of the divisions, the Crystalline Rocks and the Triassic, are nearly destitute of organic remains. The other seven divisions, however, contain rich faunas xvl PREFACE and floras. Three of them, the Carboniferous-Permian, the Jurassic- Cretaceous, and the Pliocene-Pleistocene, contain both animal and plant fossils in abundance. The Ordovician-Cambrian, the Silurian, the Devonian, the Eocene, and the Miocene all contain extensive faunas while few if any plant remains are known. These reports when completed will give both to the geologist and to the general reader a comprehensive view of the past history of Maryland territory from the earliest geological period to the present day. They will be by far the most important publications of the Geological Survey and will have not only present but lasting value to the student of Mary- land geology. Long after the general articles and county reports will have become antiquated they will be useful, and must necessarily afford the basis for all subsequent study of Maryland geology. The present volume on the Miocene deals with the middle period of the Cenozoic, and with the Eocene which precedes and the Pliocene which succeeds it embraces what is frequently denominated by geologists as the Tertiary, one of the most important geological horizons represented in Maryland. The Miocene deposits of Maryland have been studied since the early days of American geology. Fifteen years ago they attracted the attention of the senior author of this report under whose direction Dr. Shattuck has carried out the elaborate stratigraphic studies described in later pages. These investigations have been in progress since the organization of the Survey and large collections of fossils were made both from the historic as well as from new localities. Dr. Shattuck has had in his work the active cooperation of all the members of the Survey, including especially that of the State Geologist, and of Dr. L. C. Glenn and Dr. G. C. Martin, who frequently visited the field to discuss obscure points with the author, while their paleontological studies were carried on in such a way that the results here presented represent the combined labors of the field geologist with the critical laboratory study of the paleontologist. An important paper by Dr. W. H. Dall accompanies this report in MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XVll which the results of his wide knowledge of the Miocene of this and other countries have been incorporated. This chapter is by far the most impor- tant contribution to the interpretation of the Maryland Miocene deposits which has been hitherto made and shows in a highly philosophical manner the relationship of the Maryland Miocene fauna to that of other regions and to the recent fauna. The systematic paleontological investigations have been jointly con- ducted by several experts. Many of them are recognized authorities in the subjects which they have discussed. The Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia have been studied and described by Dr. E. C. Case of Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; the Fishes by Dr. Charles R. Eastman, of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; the Ostracoda, Bryozoa, and Hydrozoa by Messrs. E. O. Ulrich and R. 8. Bassler of the U. S. Geological Survey ; the Corals by Mr. T. Wayland Vaughan of the U. S. Geological Survey ; the Foraminifera by Dr. R. M. Bagg, Jr., of Springfield, Massachusetts ; the Angiosperme by Dr. Arthur Hollick of the New York Botanical Garden; and the Thallophyta by Mr. C.8. Boyer of Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. The remaining chapters have been prepared by members of the Maryland Geological Survey. The Malacostraca, the Cirripedia, the Cephalopoda, the Gastropoda, the Amphineura, the Scaphoda, the Bra- chiopoda, the Vermes, and the Radiolaria have been studied and described by Dr. G. C. Martin, lately appointed to the U. S. Geological Survey; the Pelecypoda by Dr. L. C. Glenn, now of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and the Echinodermata by Dr. W. B. Clark, the State Geologist. Very large collections of materials were made preparatory to this work and practically every Miocene fossiliferous locality in the State was exhaustively collected from. The long series of bluffs along the Chesa- peake Bay and its tributaries afforded the greatest amount of material, while pits, well-borings, and other exposures of the strata likewise yielded b XVill PREFACE numerous specimens. The commoner species often occur in great profu- sion forming almost solid beds of shells many feet in thickness. In general, the shells are hard and readily removed so that great numbers of well-preserved specimens have been available for comparative study. There have been for many years extensive collections of Maryland mate- rials in several museums of the country, notably the U. S. National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, and the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity. Much larger and more exhaustive collections have been made ‘in recent years by the members of the Maryland Geological Survey. All of the collections, however, have been drawn upon in the present study of the Miocene. The Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia contains many of Dr. Conrad’s types which have been most important in definitely determining many of the species hitherto described. The State Geological Survey desires to express its thanks for the aid which has been rendered by the several experts who have contributed to this volume; also to the U. S. Geological Survey, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Wagner Free Institute of Science, the U. S. National Museum and Cornell University, through Professor G. D. Har- ris, which have generously allowed the use of their materials and drawings and have in every way facilitated the present investigation. Many important suggestions have been received from Dr. W. H. Dall, of the U. S. National Museum, Professor H. A. Pilsbury, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Boston Society of Natural History. The Survey desires ‘especially to thank Rev. Edward Huber, of Baltimore, who has generously placed at the disposal of the Survey his collections of diatoms and radiolaria. Thanks are particularly due to the artists, the late Dr. J. C. McConnell, of the U. S. Army-Medical Museum; Mr. F. von Iterson, of Princeton, New Jersey; and Mr. H. C. Hunter, of the U. S. Geological Survey, for MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY x1x the beautiful and accurate drawings with which the report is illustrated. Most of the illustrations were prepared by Dr. J. C. McConnell, whose recent death is deeply deplored by all students of paleontology. His knowledge of the requirements of paleontological illustration made his contributions in this field to any scientific work almost equal in value to that of the recognized author. Dr. McConnell has prepared many hundreds of drawings for the various Maryland reports, not only for the Eocene and Miocene volumes now before the public, but likewise for the Devonian and Pliocene-Pleistocene reports which have yet to appear. It is a cause of deep regret to us that his work is ended. Tu eel ae is “eh, iit MIOCENE DEPOSITS OF MARYLAND BY WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK GEORGE BURBANK SHATTUCK AND WILLIAM HEALEY DALL af Mo Ate a) rir a ee tN ; a ey we gal 7 ‘ ar Ww e mei en aih, Fhe hs ae bi hl » gtr i ' iy iv MIOCENE, PLATE | MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Nock — 2, apao ae MAP SHOWING 'THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MIOCENE FORMATIONS MARYLAND BY GEORGEH BURBANK SHATTUOK see NF I MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WM. BULLOCK CLARK, STATE GEOLOGIST —| 1904 Scale: 12 miles ~ 1 inch. od Lt baie Ow 20 Mites pee Eiger. rere 4) ¢ o12345 10 WwW ~. Ky ‘ ie re ie Sed) g ON Cals yet Syl {NS Ne a, LEGEND. 3) st. Mary's Formation [-5] Choptank Formation ES Calvert Formation * Fossil Localities I—XVI Location of Sections NOTE — When locations selected for sections contain fossils the asterisk is not added to the Roman numerals eats an Wen nie ae yy CN of 4 ’ - aN se ces i IE aS = Ti, 8 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS BY WILLIAM BULLOCK CLARK INTRODUCTION. Geologists recognize three great natural provinces in the Atlantic border region, which are commonly designated the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont Plateau, and the Appalachian Region. ach of these dis- tricts possesses distinctive physiographic and geologic characters that easily separate it from the others. | The oldest and most complicated district is the Piedmont Plateau, which is composed largely of ancient schists and gneisses of unknown age, part of which are certainly pre-Cambrian. The Appalachian Region which adjoins the Piedmont Plateau on the west is mainly composed of Paleozoic sediments which throughout much of the district have been deformed into a series of folds that gradually decrease in intensity westward. The Coastal Plain, the youngest of the three districts, is composed of a series of largely unconsolidated and horizontal sediments that rep- resent a nearly complete sequence of deposits from the Middle Mesozoic to the present. Each of these provinces can be traced from Pennsylvania and New Jersey southward to the Gulf States and is approximately parallel with the axis of the great mountain uplift of the Appalachian moun- tain system which from early geological times has marked the eastern border of the continent. It is evident therefore that a knowledge of Maryland geology cannot be complete without a careful comparison of XXIV INTRODUCTION the formations represented in our own State with those of adjacent commonwealths to the north and south of us. In fact, a solution of many of the problems presented can only be gained after taking into consideration the conditions that have controlled throughout the entire area. Maryland, with the adjacent States of Delaware and Virginia, em- braces what with propriety has been called the Middle Atlantie Slope, which comprises in its geology and mineral resources much that is typical of the entire Atlantic border region. In many particulars the record here presented is more complete than that afforded by the States farther to the north and south. No portion of the Atlantic border area has been more thoroughly studied since the early days of American geology, and much of the region may be considered as classic ground to the student of that science. The present report is confined to a consideration of a part only of the Coastal Plain. This region embraces the eastern portion of Mary- land, crossing the State from north to south in a broad belt of an aver- age width of 75 miles and extending from the ocean border to the head of tide or slightly beyond on the various estuaries and rivers of the region. Much interest has been manifested in the Coastal Plain geology and paleontology of the Middle Atlantic Slope since the early days of geo- logical investigation in this country. Many of the most potent illus- trations of the geologists of the early part of the century were drawn from this region, and although the relations of the deposits were not altogether comprehended, yet the recorded observations show an appre- ciation of many of the more difficult problems involved. Later, as the complicated geological history of the Coastal Plain became better known, it was recognized that if a full understanding of any single formation was to be gained it was necessary to study carefully not only its litho- logical and paleontological characteristics but also its relationship to the other members of the series. It was seen that only by an under- standing of the broad conditions affecting the whole area could the strata of any one formation be properly interpreted. Recognizing this fact, the writer presents in later pages a brief discussion of the general relations of the strata composing the Coastal Plain in the Middle Atlan- MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XXV tic Slope. The fuller discussions will be found in other volumes of the Survey dealing with these formations. When we come to consider that assemblage of deposits early sepa- ‘rated as the Tertiary, portions of which are the special subject of this report, we find that it is divisible into several distinct formations. Even at a relatively early date an older and a younger Tertiary were already established, the former being correlated with the Eocene of England and the European continent, and the latter somewhat later with the Miocene or Pliocene. Attempts were made then and later to find their exact equivalents in one or another of the already established local for- mations of the English or Continental series, but with very unsatisfac- tory results. Even after the American Tertiary strata had received somewhat de- tailed examination in the various sections of our own country and local divisions had been established, attempts were made from time to time to determine their equivalency. By common consent the diversified and extensive deposits of the Gulf area came to be regarded as the type for the Eocene and the various Eocene deposits of the Atlantic Coast States were assigned to positions in this series. On the other hand, the great development of later Tertiary deposits, which we now know to be largely Miocene, in Maryland and the States immediately to the south of it, led geologists to regard them as the most typical for the Atlantic province and many terms derived from this district have found ’ a permanent usage in geological literature. The Miocene deposits of Maryland have long been known to geolo- gists for the rich faunas which they contain and great collections of this material have for many years enriched the museums both of this and foreign lands. The exhaustive studies which have been given to the forms found in these deposits must necessarily prove of great inter- est and value to geologists and paleontologists everywhere. The description of species of fossils is of little scientific importance to the geologist, however, unless the object is something other than the mere multiplication of new forms, which has too often been the case in such investigations. When the work has in view the fullest possible representation of a fauna or the clearing up of doubtful points in the synonymy of already described species, as well as a more complete XXvl INTRODUCTION knowledge of their geological and geographical ranges, it becomes of the very greatest value, since one whole class of important criteria for the interpretation of the strata is thus made accessible. The present report includes the results of such an exhaustive study of the fauna of the Miocene of Maryland, embracing both a critical review of the species described by previous authors, as well as the description of a large num- ber of new forms. It is believed that a much more accurate idea of the faunal characteristics, as well as of the physical conditions prevail- ing during the Miocene period on the Middle Atlantic Coast, will result from the methods pursued in this investigation. Certainly the data for the comparison of the fauna with those of other areas will be greatly increased. GENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS. Our knowledge of the Tertiary geology and paleontology of the Middle Atlantic Slope has been largely augmented since the days of Conrad and Rogers, yet few fields have afforded better opportunities in recent years for continued investigations, since very divergent opinions have prevailed and even to-day find expression in the different inter- pretations of the data. Both the Eocene and the Miocene divisions of the Tertiary in this area have broad surface exposures, and are represented by characteristic sections along the leading waterways. Both are also highly fossilifer- ous, although the Miocene shows a greater diversity of species than does the Eocene. This difference, however, is not so great as one would infer from a perusal of the literature, since a large number of Eocene species, many of them very common, have been until recently unrecog- nized, or at least unrecorded. A brief discussion of the general relations of the Coastal Plain de- posits in the Middle Atlantic Slope is essential to a clear comprehen- sion of the Miocene formations, and several pages will be devoted to this aspect of the subject. The Coastal Plain consists geologically of a series of formations that were deposited as moderately thin sheets, one above another, along the eastern border of the crystalline belt, elsewhere referred to as the Pied- mont Plateau. The coastal deposits are slightly inclined eastward. so MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Xxvll that successively later members of the series are encountered in passing from the interior of the country toward the coast. From the beginning of deposition in the coastal region until the present time sedimentation has apparently been constantly in progress over some portions of the area. Differential movements of the sea floor, with its accumulated sediments, took place, however, from time to time so that the formations present much complexity along their western margins. It is not uncommon to find certain members of the series lacking, as renewed deposition carried a later formation beyond its predecessors. In the absence of distinctive fossils the discrimina- tion of the different horizons at such points is often attended with great uncertainty. Deformation has also affected the region to a certain extent, the strata in places being slightly warped, so that they do not maintain a uniform strike and dip. This is particularly marked along the western border of the area where there have also been slight displacements in various localities. Every geological period from the Cretaceous (possibly Jurassic) to the Pleistocene is represented, although in one or two instances the lack of characteristic fossils renders the taxonomic position of certain formations difficult of absolute determination. CRETACEOUS The Cretaceous (in part possibly Upper Jurassic) is extensively rep- resented in the Middle Atlantic Slope. The deposits of this period consist of a series of basal formations that has been designated the Potomac group, comprising the Patuxent, Arundel, Patapsco and Rari- tan formations, no one of which was deposited under marine condi- tions. They are overlain in succession by the Matawan, Monmouth and Rancocas formations, which are distinctively marine in origin. All of these formations gradually disappear southward, the lower formations of the Potomac group alone of the Cretaceous deposits being recognized in Virginia. Unconformities characterize the several members of the Potomac group while the marine deposits are also unconformable to the older strata. The Potomac group consists chiefly of sands and clays, the former XXV1l1 INTRODUCTION frequently arkosic, with gravel at certain points where the shore accu- mulations are still preserved. The deposits of the Patuxent formation are highly arkosic, the sands and clays showing both a vertical and a horizontal gradation into one another. The sand layers are seldom widely extended, being generally lenticular masses which rapidly diminish in thickness from their centers. Dark-colored clays abound in the Arun- del formation and have yielded large amounts of nodular carbonate of iron. Highly-colored and variegated clays largely make up the Patap- sco formation. Thick-bedded and widely extended white sands with interstratified clays characterize the Raritan formation. The fossils consist chiefly of the bones of Dinosaurian reptiles and of leaf impres- sions, the former confined to the Arundel formation, the latter predom- inating in the Patapsco and Raritan formations. The plants show beyond a doubt the Cretaceous age of the two upper formations while the reptiles have been regarded by high authority to be Upper Jurassic. The Matawan formation is formed largely of fine sands and clays, clearly stratified and in case of the clays often laminated. The clays and sandy clays are generally dark, often black in color. They are commonly micaceous and at times sparingly glauconitic. The very homogeneous and persistent character of the beds is in marked contrast to the deposits of the Potomac group which they overlie. The fossils consist largely of marine Mollusca which indicate the Upper Cretaceous age of the deposits. The Monmouth formation consists chiefly of greensand deposits, although the glauconitic element is not so pronounced or so persistent south of the Chesapeake as in the more northern districts. The strata are more arenaceous, and as a result the materials weather more readily, showing generally in greater or less degree the characteristic reddish color of the hydrated peroxide of iron. The common and characteristic Gryphea vesicularis, Exogyra costata, and Belemnitella americana are found, especially in the basal beds. The Rancocas formation is also largely composed of greensands, gen- erally more glauconitic than the Monmouth formation, although at times somewhat argillaceous. The strata are much weathered where exposed and often appear as a firm red rock, the grains being cemented by the iron oxide. The deposits have afforded Terebratula harlant, Gryphea bryani and other characteristic species of the New Jersey area. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE Il. Fia. 1.—CLIFFS OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH IN THE CALVERT FORMATION AT FAIRHAVEN, ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY. Fig. 2,.-NEARER VIEW OF ONE OF THE CLIFFS AT FAIRHAVEN, CARRYING ROLLED AND REWORKED EOCENE FOSSILS AT THE BASE. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY pw. 4 KOCENE The Eocene is represented in the Middle Atlantic Slope by a group of deposits stretching along the eastern margin of the Cretaceous for- mations, and overlying them unconformably. They have been dis- cussed in much detail in an earlier volume, where they were described under the names of Aquia and Nanjemoy formations, which together constitute the Pamunkey group. The deposits of both formations consist largely of greensand marls, which may, however, by weathering lose their characteristic green color and by the deposition of a greater or less amount of hydrous iron oxide become firm red or brown sandstones or incoherent red sands. At times, notably in Southern Maryland and Virginia, the strata become highly argillaceous, the glauconitic elements largely or quite disappear- ing. Infrequently coarse sands and even gravels are found, the latter chiefly toward the base of the Aquia formation and near the ancient shore line, especially toward the northeast in central and eastern Mary- land. Very commonly the shells of organisms are so numerous as to, form the chief constituents of certain beds. Notwithstanding these facts, the deposits are remarkably homogeneous, although the recent investi- gations of the Survey have shown the necessity of dividing them into two formations on both lithologic and faunal grounds. The lower or Aquia formation is much more arenaceous than the upper or Nanjemoy formation, which, particularly in its lower part, is generally highly argillaceous. The Aquia formation is also much more calcareous than the Nanjemoy formation, indurated layers frequently appearing in the former. MI0CENE The Miocene deposits occupy the region to the southeast of and overlie those of the Eocene. They have long been known as the Chesapeake group, from the superb sections found exposed on the shores of Chesa- peake Bay, and have been recently divided by the State Survey into three well-defined formations—the Calvert, Choptank, and St. Mary’s for- 1Maryland Geological Survey, Eocene, 1901. XXX INTRODUCTION mations, so-called from Maryland localities where the strata are typi- eally exposed. The Miocene deposits lie unconformably upon those of the Eocene and overlap them along their western border. In Delaware and south- ern New Jersey they completely transgress the Kocene beds, the latter having disappeared beneath the cover of Miocene strata. _The Miocene deposits consist of sands, clays, marls, and diatomaceous beds. The last, composed almost exclusively of the tests of diatoms, are chiefly confined to the lower portion of the Calvert formation, where they afford striking, light-colored bluffs along many of the larger stream channels. The nearly-pure diatomaceous earth often reaches a thick- ness of 30 or 40 feet, although the remains of diatoms are found scat- tered in greater or less amounts throughout much of the overlying strata. ‘The greater portion of the Chesapeake group, however, is com- posed of variously colored sands and clays, with which are frequently mingled vast numbers of molluscan shells. Sometimes the shelly mate- rials form so large a proportion of the deposits as to produce nearly pure calcareous strata, which in a partially comminuted state may be- come cemented into hard limestone ledges. The organic remains are very numerous and show clearly the Miocene age of the deposits. Their great number early attracted the attention of geologists, in whose writ- ings descriptions of them are frequently found. Several faunas have been distinguished on the basis of which, as well as on stratigraphic and structural grounds, the three well-defined formations, above referred to, have been recognized by the State Geological Survey. The Calvert formation consists of clay, sand, marl and diatomaceous earth, the clayey and sandy elements being more or less combined and often filled with great numbers of fossils, affording a fossiliferous sandy- clay. The Choptank formation consists of clay, sand and marl with well-marked beds of fossils scattered through the formation. The St. Mary’s formation is characteristically a fossiliferous sandy-clay with here and there beds of clay and marl, the latter often filled with great numbers of fossils. PLIOCENE Overlying the Miocene deposits in portions of southern Maryland and older deposits along the landward borders of the Coastal Plain is MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XXNJ a formation composed of gravel, sand and clay, which thus far has afforded no distinctive fossils upon which to base a determination of its geologic age. From the fact that the deposits rest uncomformably upon the underlying Chesapeake and are in turn unconformably over- lain by the Pleistocene, they have been thought to represent the Plio- cene. The apparent similarity of these deposits to those in Mississippi, described by Hilgard under the name of the Lafayette formation, has led to the adoption of the same name for the strata of the Atlantic Coast. The beds of the Lafayette are very irregularly stratified and often change rapidly within narrow limits. Toward the ancient shore line the deposits are coarse gravel, through which is scattered a light-colored sandy loam, the whole cemented at times by hydrous iron oxide into a more or less compact conglomerate. The eastward exten- sion of the formation shows a gradual lessening of the coarser elements and a larger admixture of loam. Arkosic materials are also present throughout the formation, while the coloring and manner of weathering are highly characteristic, the exposed surfaces presenting what is known as case-hardening. PLEISTOCENE. Superficially overlying the deposits hitherto described and_ with marked variations in thickness, composition and structure are the Pleis- tocene formations, which lie at various elevations from near sea-level to 200 feet in the different portions of the region. From their typical development in the District of Columbia all the Pleistocene deposits of the Middle Atlantic Slope received the name of Columbia formation by McGee, who described three distinct phases, viz., the fluvial, the interfluvial, and the low-level. Later Darton recognized high-level and low-level phases which he called earlier and later Columbia. More re- cently Shattuck, of the State Geological Survey, has shown that greater complexity exists in the Maryland Pleistocene deposits than had been before recognized and that the later Columbia will have to be further divided. The Pleistocene deposits consist of gravel, sand, clay, and loam, the material in general becoming finer and more fully stratified with dis- tance from the old shore-line and river-channels. In the latter instance XXX11 INTRODUCTION they at times contain large numbers of marine molluscan shells, form- ing a characteristic calcareous marl. In general, however, the organic remains consist largely of the branches and leaves of terrestrial plants, many of which are exquisitely preserved. The Pleistocene deposits of the Middle Atlantic Slope, widely known hitherto under the name of the Columbia group, have been divided by the Maryland Geological Survey into the Sunderland, Wicomico, and Talbot formations. The Sunderland formation, the oldest member of the Columbia group, constitutes the highest of the Pleistocene terraces and often covers the highest levels along the west- ern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and consists of gravel, sand and clay overlain by loam often carrying ice-borne boulders. The Wicomico formation occupies lower levels skirting the high lands capped with Sunderland deposits. The Wicomico formation like the Sunderland, is composed of gravel, sand and clay which is often capped with loam and marly clay bearing here and there ice-borne boulders. The Talbot formation occupies the lower levels of the Coastal Plain, seldom reach- ing above 40 feet in altitude. It is composed of gravel, sand and clay, with here and there large deposits of peat, and is generally overlain with loam frequently carrying ice-borne boulders. The Talbot formation con- stitutes the lowest of the series of terraces previously described and has a very much larger areal extent than any of the other members of the Pleistocene. GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS, WITH A REVIEW OF EARLIER INVESTIGATIONS BY GEORGE BURBANK SHATTUCK HisTorRIcAL REVIEW.’ For a period of more than 200 years the Miocene deposits of Mary- land have attracted the attention of geologists. ‘Two conditions have been of special importance in creating this extraordinary interest; first, the extensive beds of fossil shells which occur throughout the Miocene formations, and second, the unusually fine exposures which dissect the beds in all directions. Notwithstanding the fact that Maryland holds the key to the Miocene stratigraphy of the Atlantic states the early contributions to our knowledge regarding this region were of little importance even as reconnoissance reports, and only very slowly have the true relations of the Miccene beds been brought to light. As early as 1669 Nathaniel Shrigley wrote regarding “ Relations of Virginia and Maryland,” and mentioned fullers earth among the other natural resources found in that region. No definite locality was given where this deposit could be found, but it is probable that the author had in mind the extensive deposits of greenish sandy clay, which occur in the Calvert Cliffs and elsewhere and have long been known to the inhabitants of southern Maryland as “ fullers earth.” 1In citing books in this and the subsequent chapter on Bibliography, the author has not confined himself to articles pertaining to Maryland alone, but has also referred to important works which treat of similar deposits in neighboring states. As the geologic province extends from Marthas Vineyard southward to Florida and is not interrupted by political boundaries, some notice of neighboring regions must be given. c XXXIV GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS A few years later, in 1685, Martin Lister published a figure of Hcphora quadricostata. 'This was the first American fossil to be figured, and the original came from the Miocene of Maryland. Lister’s work was republished by Dillwyn in 1823 and his figure of Hcphora quadricostata is reproduced as Plate LII, Fig. 3, of this volume. Nothing more of geologic interest seems to have been written re- garding this region until the year 1809 when Silvain Godon published a paper in which he assigned all the country between Baltimore Bay and the right bank of the Potomac, where Washington City is located, to “ Alluvium.” He did not give boundaries or indicate how far he wished to carry this classification toward Chesapeake Bay, but it is probable that the entire Coastal Plain south of Baltimore and east of the Potomac was included in his conception. In the same year, 1809, a noteworthy paper was published by Wil- liam Maclure. He included the entire Coastal Plain of Maryland in one formation, the “ Alluvial,” and so represented it on a geological map. He described the unconsolidated Coastal Plain deposits from Long Island southward, indicated the boundaries of the Alluvial forma- tion and noted the presence of fossils. This paper was reprinted in substance in various magazines in 1811, 1817, 1818 and 1826. Maclure’s views seemed to have attracted considerable attention at first, for in 1820 Hayden incorporated them in his “ Geological Essays” and attempted to establish the theory that the Alluvial was deposited by a great flood which came down from the north and crossed North America from northeast to southwest. The following year Thomas Nuttall re- ferred the Coastal Plain deposits to the Second Calcareous formation of Europe, pointed out the fact that it occupied the country east of the primitive and transition formations of the Piedmont Plateau, and fixed Annapolis as about its northern limit. The next year, 1822, Parker Cleaveland brought out his treatise on Mineralogy. In this interesting volume he reproduced Maclure’s map and recorded the occurrence of selenite crystals in the Alluvial soil on the St. Mary’s bank of the Patuxent river. He probably had in mind the locality directly opposite Solomons Island. Professor John Finch, an Englishman, who was traveling in America MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XXXV at about this time, visited the Coastal Plain of Maryland and was so impressed with its interesting geology and vast deposits of fossils, that, on his return to Europe, he published an account of his experiences in southern Maryland, and drew some interesting conclusions regarding its geology. Finch in this book, which appeared in 1824, took excep- tion to the classifications proposed by his predecessors. He believed that the deposits included under the term “ Alluvial” were contem- poraneous with the Lower Secondary and Tertiary of Europe, Iceland, Egypt and Hindoostan. He went further and divided Maclure’s “ Allu- vial” up into Ferruginous Sand and Plastic Clay. He believed that the Plastic Clay was Tertiary, and based his conclusions on the pres- ence of amber, which he found entombed in it at Cape Sable, correlat- ing it with the amber of the Baltic. He also assigned to the Plastic Clay certain of the Indian kitchen-middens, which are found along the shore of Chesapeake Bay, thus opening a controversy regarding the age of these interesting deposits of oyster shells which did not reach a final settlement until many years later. He believed that the mate- rials composing his Ferruginous Sand and Plastic Clay were deposited by a flood from the north or the northwest, agreeing somewhat closely with Hayden in this particular. His correlations were based almost entirely on lithologic distinctions, supported by a general similarity of fossil forms. No critical study of the fossils was undertaken, however, and few localities were given and no geologic boundaries whatever. It is consequently impossible to ascertain where he intended to place the formations which we now ascribe to the Miocene, and which he surely visited. He might have thought them to belong to the London Clay, together with those of the James and Rappahannock rivers, which he also visited and ascribed to this formation, but it is more likely that he placed them in the Plastic Clay. One thing, however, he perceived very keenly—that the deposits in the Coastal Plain would with future work be separated into many distinct formations. This prophecy has since been fulfilled. During the same year Thomas Say described the collection of fossil shells made by Finch, and among them appeared many Maryland forms. This collection is preserved in the British Museum. XXXV1 GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS In the year 1825 J. Van Renssellaer assigned the deposits of the Coastal Plain to the Tertiary, and divided them into Plastic Clay, London Clay and Upper Marine. He further correlated the deposits of Maryland which we now know as Miocene with the, Upper Marine of Europe and probably in part with the London Clay. It should be noted here, however, that Finch had previously used Upper Marine in ‘a different sense. He had applied it to the sand dune formations of Cape Henry and Staten Island, while Van Renssellaer adopted it for a true fossiliferous formation of very much greater age than the deposits which Finch had embraced under the same name. ‘Three years later, in 1828, Morton, although accepting Van Renssellaer’s correlation of the great deposits of fossil shells in the Maryland Coastal Plain with the Upper Marine of Europe, apparently used the term in a much wider sense than its author had employed. He also gave a list of the fossil forms occurring in the Upper Marine, and included some which have since been shown to be later than Miocene. During the same year Vanuxem divided the Alluvial and Tertiary of the Atlantic Coast into Secondary, Tertiary and Ancient and Modern Alluvial. In this classification the Miocene of southern Maryland was included in a part of the Tertiary. He stated further that vast numbers of “ Littoral ” shells occurred in the Tertiary analogous to those of the Tertiary of the Paris and English basins. He mentioned St. Mary’s county particu- larly as being ome of the Tertiary localities, and he also pointed out some of the differences between the faunas of the Secondary and Tertiary formations. Conrad brought out his first publications bearing on the Miocene geology of Maryland in 1850. He agreed with Vanuxem in placing southern Maryland in the Tertiary and pointed out a number of locali- ties where fossil shells could be found. Two years later Conrad pub- lished another paper in which he divided up the Coastal Plain deposits into six formations. ‘This was the first time that the Coastal Plain had been classified so as to show its extreme complexity, and from this time on it has been dealt with, not as a deposit containing a few formations but as a series of deposits complex in composition and age. Conrad at this time ascribed the Miocene of Maryland to the Upper Marine MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE III. pn ae oH 2m salad Fig. 1.—DIATOMACEOUS WORKS AT LYONS CREEK WHARF ON THE PATUXENT RIVER, CALVERT COUNTY. Fria. 2.-VIEW SHOWING CONTACT OF THE CALVERT FORMATION ON THE EOCENE AND THE INDURATED BAND (ZONE 2) 5 FEET ABOVE IT, NEAR LYONS CREEK, CALVERT COUNTY. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XXXVIl and made it equivalent to the Upper Tertiary of Europe. The follow- ing year John Finch published another book on his travels in Mary- land which had been made almost a decade before. In this narrative, Finch gives a most interesting account of the great delight which he experienced in collecting from the enormous deposits of fossil shells in St. Mary’s county. The same year Morton published another paper in which he proposed a classification of the Coastal Plain deposits. In this no distinct reference was made to Maryland but it is probable that he still regarded the Miocene of this state as Upper Marine. During the same year also Isaac Lea described some fossils from the St. Mary’s river and regarded them as older Pleiocene. He, too, doubted the existence of the Miocene in Maryland. The next paper of import- ance was published by Conrad, in 1835, in which he assigned the Mio- cene deposits to the older Medial Pleiocene. In the following year Ducatel referred the deposits of St. Mary’s and Calvert counties to older Pleiocene and distinctly stated that they were not Miocene. He also published a map of southern Maryland in which various deposits were marked and the names of the formations given in red letters. W. B. Rogers was the first to recognize the presence of Miocene de- posits in Maryland. He made the announcement in 1836 that part of the Maryland Tertiary belonged to the Miocene. The following year ‘Ducatel agreed that if the deposits of Upper Marlboro and Fort Wash- ington were Eocene then the blue marl of Charles county was Miocene. This view, he said, he had formerly entertained but had afterward abandoned it. During the next year Conrad ascribed formations to the Medial Tertiary and correlated them with the Crag of England. He noted the great difference between the fossil and living species, showing that the Medial Tertiary contained but 19 per cent. of living species. He thought that the extermination was due to a fall of temperature. In the same and ihe following years he described many fossils from the Miocene of Maryland and in 1842 he correlated his Medial Tertiary with the Crag of England and stated it was Miocene. The boundaries which he gave the Miocene at that time were not greatly different from the boundaries which are ascribed to the Chesa- peake Group of to-day. In 1844 Bailey described some ten species of XXXV1l1 GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGIGAL RELATIONS diatoms from Maryland and Ehrenberg, in the same year enumerated sixty-eight species from Piscataway and included many Miocene forms among them. Rogers, in the same year, assigned the diatomaceous earth to a position near the base of the Miocene. About this time much interest was created in the Miocene problem of Maryland by Sir Charles Lyell. He regarded these deposits as Miocene, and gave at some length his reasons for this opinion. He also stated that the Miocene of Maryland agreed more closely with the Miocene of Lorraine and Bordeaux than to the Suffolk Crag. Lonsdale also concluded from the corals collected in the Miocene which were submitted to him for examination, that the American deposits were probably accumulated while the climate was somewhat “ superior ” ” equal to that of the faluns of Lor- raine but “‘inferior ” to that of Bordeaux. In the same year Conrad described and figured many fossils from the Calvert Cliffs. In the year 1850 Higgins gave analyses of many samples of marl from Kent, Talbot and Anne Arundel counties. It is probable that many of these marls belong to the Miocene. to that of the Crag and “ perhaps No more papers of importance appeared on the Maryland Miocene until 1863 when Dana brought out his first edition of the Manual of Geology. In this work he took occasion to propose the term “ York- town epoch” for the period during which the Miocene of the Atlantic coast was deposited. The next paper of significance was published by Heilprin in 1881, in which he discussed the Miocene at some length, and divided it into an “ Older period” and a “ Newer period.” The Older period contained the older portion of the Miocene of Maryland; and the Newer period, the later portion. He subdivided the Newer period again into the Patuxent Group and the St. Mary’s Group. The next year, the same author revised his classification and divided the Miocene into three groups as follows: the Carolinian or the Upper Atlantic Miocene including the Sumpter epoch of Dana, the Virginian or Middle Atlantic Miocene including part of the Yorktown of Dana and the Newer group of Maryland, and the Marylandian or the Older Atlantic Miocene including the rest of Dana’s Yorktown and the older period of Maryland. He suggested that the Virginian was of the same age MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY XXX1xX as the second Mediterranean of Austrian geologists and the faluns of Tourraine, and that the Marylandian was, at least in part, equivalent to the first Mediterranean of Austrian geologists and faluwns of Leognan and Saucats. Three years later the same author published a map showing the distribution of these formations along the Atlantic coast. In 1888 Otto Meyer took exception to Heilprin’s correlation and con- clusions, and introduced the term Atlantic Group to embrace the Ter- tiary of the Atlantic States, and Gulf Group for that of the Gulf States. The Maryland Miocene lay wholly within the Atlantic group. Three years later Darton employed the term “Chesapeake Group ” to cover a portion of the Miocene and in the following year Dall and Harris published their report on the Miocene deposits in the Correla- tion Papers of the U. S. Geological Survey, and used the term “ Chesa- peake Group ” to include the Miocene strata extending from Delaware to Florida. These deposits were made during the Yorktown epoch of Dana and the group included a large part of Heilprin’s Marylandian, Virginian and Carolinian. Two years later Harris, basing his work on a study of the organic remains found in the Miocene, subdivided the Miocene faunas of Maryland into the Plum Point fauna, the Jones Wharf fauna and the St. Mary’s fauna. The following year Darton, by bringing together a large number of well records throughout the Coastal Plain from New Jersey southward, rendered a most important service to the study of the Miocene problem in Maryland by suggesting the structure and extent of the beds through- out the region. In his Fredericksburg folio, published in the same year, he was the first one to express, on a contour map, the develop- ment of the Miocene throughout a portion of southern Maryland and eastern Virginia. The following year Dana admitted Harris’s faunal zones but still retained the term “ Yorktown,” to part of which he assigned the Maryland beds. In 1896 Darton published a bulletin under the auspices of the U. 8S. Geological Survey, in which he brought together a large number of well records throughout the Coastal Plain. He also published the Nomini folio, and carried forward the mapping of the Miocene deposits which he had previously started in the Freder- icksburg folio. (qavd ut) d uopuoT ausd01[ g iG (Wed Ut)! amos IIpPloO (poyso.s (javd ur) Seyo £jqeqord oUNIBY | (JaBd Ul) | ouTIey | oMDD0ITG 9Ud00ITd | (P2}1ASS")| — _gygy | (P2}19SS8) AUBIY19 I, SIAN “O1BO[BD : sodd Areryao iadd 19 Bie) aud00TIN QUd001 BIpe [BIANTTV puna dI}sUld pus 10 TWO YL, 0D PLO (qavd ut) PLO HN | ouasoryy TIN | T[8Ipey oULIv I ous00TT iaddq TBIpow 60ST esl FeST eh te Ses Ses 281 ees CesT 9881 Be Se LeSl det Sest aIN[OVT IBN N qourg -suoy usa | UOMOW wexnuBA | peRiIu0D BoT peau0g 19} 800g ‘¢ snes jayeon¢g saa Hoe pRiuoy “WOTVUILOF JIOATBD OIIJUO OY} OF JUSTBAINDO Jou ST oUOZ JUTOg WNT OL r poled 1apro| (eue0TW O1pUelyV vuney 1 9u0Z WOTFBUIOT anaes I9MO'T) JULOg wing yurog wut g JIOATBO Kue1y4aa J, WOLUIOF yy sate 2 uvipuv[divyy) (qaed ut) (qaed ur) (gavd ut) (qavd ut) [eIpeW UM 0}4IO X ¢ a dnoiy TOTYVUIOF dnoiy dnoiy BUN auoz WOTIVUIIOT : 4/ (aus00TIT d1jUBTZV | eyvodusoyH | eyvodeseyO | ayvadvseyHO Juvy A, souor Jive Ay souoer| yueydoyD dnoigy | YY) ouriyy s dav | 3) IPP) BUNBT euoz TOI} BULLOT 9 S| UBlULsirA 8 Arey 49 | s.4aeyw ag] s,41ey 49 @PSL S981 ISST 2881 8881 1681 2681 e681 | S681 8681 B06L pRiuog BuBd ulid [toy ulid[1ay wah u0jJIB Wed SIMIVH F 11°C SAB AL lea yonyegg GNVTIAAVW AO VLVULS ANGOOIW AHL 40 ATAVL OINONOXVL AAILVYUVINOO (x]) MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE IV. t Fig. 1.—CLIFFS CONTAINING BEDS OF DIATOMACEOUS EARTH, LYONS WHARF, CALVERT COUNTY. Fig. 2.—DIATOMACEOUS EARTH PIT OF NEW YORK SILICITE COMPANY, LYONS WHARF, CALVERT COUNTY. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xli In 1898 Dall published a most important summary of existing knowl- edge of the Tertiary of North America, in which he suggested a sub- sidence and classification of the Maryland Miocene deposits and cor- related them with the strata of other parts of North America and of Burope. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1669. SurRicLEY, NATHANIEL. A True,Relation of Virginia and Mary- Land; with the commodities therein, [etc.| London, 1669. (Repub.) Force’s Collection of Historical Tracts, vol. iii, No. 7, Washing- ton, 1844, 51 pp. 1685. Lister, Martini. Historia sive synopsis methodic Conchyliorum. Pl. 1059, fig. 2. London, 1685. 1809. Gopon, SitvarIn. Observations to serve for the Mineralogical Map of the State of Maryland. (Read Nov. 6, 1809.) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soce., o. s. vol. vi, 1809, pp. 319-323. Macture, Wm. Observations on the Geology of the United States, explanatory of a Geological Map. (Read Jan. 20, 1809.) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soce., 0. s. vol. vi, 1809, pp. 411-428. Observations sur la Géologie des Etats-Unis, survant a ex- pliquer une Carte Géologique. Journ. de phys. de chem. et d’hist. nat., vol. Ixix, 1809, pp. 204-218. L381. Macture, Wm. Suite des observations sur la géologie des Etats- Unis. Journ. de phys., de chem. et d’hist. nat., vol. Ixxii. Paris, 1811. With map, pp. 137-165. 1817, Macturr, Wm. Observations on the Geology of the United States of America, with some remarks on the effect produced on the nature and fertility of soils by the decomposition of the different classes of rocks. With two plates. 12mo. Phila., 1817. xlii GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1818. Macture, WM. Observations on the Geology of the United States of America, with some remarks on the probable effect that may be produced by the decomposition of the different classes of Rocks on the nature and fertility of Soils. Two plates. Republished in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. i, n.s., 1818, pp. 1-91. - Leon. Zeit. i, 1826, pp. 124-138. MiTcHILu, SaMvuEL L. Cuvier’s Essay on the Theory of the Earth. To which are now added Observations on the Geology of North America. 8vo. 431 pp. Plates. New York, 1818. 1820. Haypen, H. H. Geological Essays; or an Inquiry into some of the Geological Phenomena to be found in various parts of America and elsewhere. 8vo.. pp. 412. Baltimore, 1820. Say, THomas. Observations on some Species of Zoophytes, ete., prin- cipally Fossil. Amer. Jour. Sci., 1820, vol. ii, pp. 34-45. 1821. NutrraLt, Tuomas. Observations on the Geological Structure of the Valley of the Mississippi. [Read Dec., 1820.] Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. ii. 1st. ser., 1821, pp. 14-52. 1822. CLEAVELAND, Parker. An elementary treatise on Mineralogy and Geology. 6 plates. 2nd Edit. in 2 vols. Boston, 1822. 1823. Dittwyn, L. W. Martini Lister Historia sive Synopsis Methodice Conchyliarum. LEditio tertia. Oxonii, 1823. 1824. Fincu, Joun. Geological Essay on the Tertiary Formations in Am- erica. (Read Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., July 15, 1823.) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. vii, 1824, pp. 31-43. Say, Tuomas. An Account of some of the Fossil Shells of Mary- land. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. iv, 1st ser., 1824, pp. 124-155. Plates 7-13. Reprinted Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. i, No. 5, 1896, pp. 30-76; pl. 7-12. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xliii 1825. ROBINSON, SAMUEL. A Catalogue of American Minerals, with their localities. Boston, 1825. VAN RENSSELAER, JER. Lectures on Geology; being outlines of the science, delivered in the New York Atheneum in the year 1825. 8vo. pp. 358. New York, 1825. 1826. PIERCE, JAMES. Practical remarks on the shell marl region of the eastern parts of Virginia and Maryland, and upon the bituminous coal formations of Virginia and the contiguous region. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xi, 1826, pp. 54-59. 1828. Vanuxem, L., and Morron, 8. G. Geological Observations on Sec- ondary, Tertiary, and Alluvial formations of the Atlantic coast of the United States arranged from the notes of Lardner Vanuxem. (Read Jan., 1828.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1st ser., 1828, pp. 59-71. 1829. Morton, 8. G. Description of two new species of Fossil Shells of the genus Scapphites and Crepidula: with some observations on the Ferruginous Sand, Plastic Clay, and Upper Marine Formations of the United States. (Read June 17, 1828.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1st ser., 1829, pp. 107-119. 1830. ConraD, T. A. On the Geology and Organic Remains of a part of the Peninsula of Maryland. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1st ser., 1830, pp. 205-230, with two plates. Morton, SAMUEL G. Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Fer- ruginous Sand Formation of the United States, with Geological remarks. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xvii, 1830, pp. 274-295; vol. xviii, 1830, pp. 243-250. 1831. ConraD, TimorHy A. Description of Fifteen New Species of Recent and Three of Fossil Shells, chiefly from the Coast of the U.S. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1st ser., 1831, pp. 256-268, plate. xliv GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Owen, S. J. Fossil Remains, found in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Amer. Jour. Geol., Phila., vol. i, 1831, pp. 114-118. 1832. ConrapD, T. A. Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America illustrated by figures drawn on Stone from Nature. Phila. 46 pp., vol. i, pt. 1-2 (1832), 3-4 (1833). (Repub.) by G. D. Harris, Washington, 1893. RurFin, Ep. An Essay on Calcareous Manures. Petersburg, Va., 1832. Second edition, Shellbanks, 1835; third edition, Petersburg, 1842. Morton, S. G. On the analogy which exists between the Marl of New Jersey, &c., and the Chalk formation of Europe. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxii, 1832, pp. 90-95. Also published separately. 1833. Conrap, T. A. On some new Fossil and Recent Shells of the United States. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxiii, 1833, pp. 339-346. [Refers to Upper marine = Miocene (?).] Fincu, J. Travels in the United States of America and Canada. 8vo. 455 pp. London, 1833. Gotpruss, Aucust. Petrefacta Germanie. 1833. p. 23. (Kalk- versteinerung von den Ufern der Chesapeak Bay.) The fern is Madrepora palmata Goldfuss. Lea, Isaac. Contributions to Geology. 237 pp. 6 plates. Phila. 1833. pp. 209-216. (Rev.) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxv, 1834, pp. 413-423. Morton, SamugeL G. Supplement to the “Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Ferruginous Sand Formation of the United States,” con- tained in vols. xvii and xviii of this Journal. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxiii, 1833, pp. 288-294; vol. xxiv, pp. 128-132, plate ix. 1834. Conrap, T. A. Observations on the Tertiary and more recent forma- tions of a portion of the Southern States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vii, 1st ser., 1834, pp. 130-157. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xlv Ducatet, J. T., and Atexanper, J. H. Report on the Projected Survey of the State of Maryland, pursuant to a resolution of the General Assembly. 8vo. 39 pp. Annapolis, 1834. Map. Md. House of Delegates, Dec. Sess., 1833, 8vo, 39 pp. Another edition, Annapolis, 1834, 8vo, 58 pp., and map. Another edition, Annapolis, 1834, 8vo, 43 pp., and folded table. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxvii, 1835, pp. 1-38. Morton, 8. G. Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous group of the United States. To which is added an appendix containing a tabular view of the Tertiary fossils hitherto discovered in North America. 8vo, 88 pp. Phila. 1834. (Abst.) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxvii, 1835, pp. 377-381. Haran, R. Critical Notices of Various organic remains hitherto dis- covered in North America. (Read May 21, 1834.) Trans. Geol. Soc. Pa., vol. i, part 1, 1834, pp. 46-112. Med. and Phys. Researches, 1835, [with a few additions]. Edinb. New Philos. Jour., xvii, 1834, pp. 342-363: xviii, pp. 28-40. 1835. Conrap, T. A. Observations on a portion of the Atlantic Tertiary Region. Trans. Geol. Soc., Pa., vol. i, part 2, 1835, pp. 335-341. ——— Observations on the Teritiary Strata of the Atlantic Coast. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xxviii, 1835, pp. 104-111, 280-282. DucaTeL, J. T. Geologist’s report 1834. ——— [Another edition.] Report of the Geologist to the Legisla- ture of Maryland, 1834. n.d. 8vo, 50 pp. 2 maps and folded tables. ———., and ALExanpER, J. H. Report on the New Map of Maryland, 1834, [Annapolis] n. d. 8vo, 59, i, pp. Two maps and one folded table. Md. House of Delegates, Dec. Sess., 1834. Harian, RicHarp. Notice of a Pleseosaurian and other fossil Reliquiae from the State of New Jersey. Med. and Phys. Researches, 1835, pp. 383-385. 1836. Ducatet, J. T. Report of the Geologist. n. d. 8vo, pp. 35-84. Plate. Separate publication (see Ducatel and Alexander). xlvi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS , and ALEXANDER, J. H. Report on the New Map of Maryland, 1835. 8vo, 84 pp. [Annapolis, 1836.] Md. Pub. Doc., Dec. Sess., 1835. Another edition, 96, 1 pp. and maps and plate. Engineer’s Report, pp. 1-34. Report of the Engineer and Geologist in relation to the New Map to the Executive of Maryland. Md. Pub. Doc., Dec. Sess., 1835 [Annapolis, 1836], 8vo. 84, 1 pp., 6 maps and plates. Jour. Franklin Inst., vol. xviii, n. s. 1836, pp. 172-178. FEATHERSTONHAUGH, G. W. Report of a Geological Reconnoissance made in 1835 from the seat of government by way of Green Bay and the Wisconsin Territory on the Coteau du Prairie, an elevated ridge dividing the Missouri from the St. Peters River. 169 pp. 4 plates. Washing- ton, 1836. Rocers, Wm. B. Report of the Geological Reconnoissance of the State of Virginia. Wm. B. Rogers. Phila. 1836. 143 pp. Plate. 1837. DucaTeEL, J. T. Outline of the Physical Geography of Maryland, embracing its prominent Geological Features. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci. and Lit., vol. ii, 1837, pp. 24-54, with map. , and ALEXANDER, J. H. Report on the New Map of Maryland, 1836. 8vo, 104 pp. and 5 maps. [Annapolis, 1837.] Md. House of Delegates, Sess. Dec., 1836. Another edition, 117 pp. Rocers, W. B. and H. D. Contributions to the Geology of the Ter- tiary Formations of Virginia. (Read May 5, 1835.) Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. v, n. s. 1837, pp. 319-341. Tyson, Puinip T. A descriptive Catalogue of the principal minerals of the State of Maryland. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci. and Lit., 1837, pp. 102-117. 1838. ConraD, TI. A. Fossils of the Medial Tertiary of the United States. No. 1, 1838. [Description on cover 1839 & 740.] 32 pp. Plates i-xvii. Republished by Wm. H. Dall, Washington, 1893. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xlvli 1839. WaGNer, WitLiaAM. Description of five new Fossils, of the older Pliocene formation of Maryland and North America. (Read Jan. 1838.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. viii, 1st ser., 1839, pp. 51-53, with one plate. 1840. ConraD, T. A. Fossils of the Medial Tertiary of the United States. No. 2. 1840. [Description on cover 1840-1842.] pp. 33-56. Plates XV1i1-XX1x. Republished by Wm. H. Dall, Washington, 1893 1841. Booru, J. C. Memoir of the Geological Survey of the State of Dela- ware; including the application of the Geological Observations to Agri- culture. i-xi, 9-188 pp. Dover, 1841. Conrap, T. A. Description of Twenty-six new Species of Fossil Shells discovered in the Medial Tertiary Deposits of Calvert Cliffs, Md. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. i, 1841, pp. 28-33. Goutp, Auaustus A. A Report on the Invertebrate Animals of Mas- sachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. Published by the order of the Legislature. 8vo, pp. 373. Cainbridge, Mass., 1841. [See p. 85.] \ Conrap, T. A. New Species of Fossil Shells from Calvert Cliffs, Md. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., vol. i, 1841, pp. 28-33. 1842. ConraD, T. A. Observations on a portion of the Atlantic Tertiary Region, with a description of new species of organic remains. 2nd edit., 1854; 8rd edit., 1856. Description of twenty-four new species of Fossil Shells chiefly from the Tertiary Deposits of Calvert Cliffs, Md. (Read June 1, 1841.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. viii, 1st ser., 1842, pp. 183-190. De Kay, JAMES E. Zoology of New York or the New York Fauna. Nat. Hist. of New York; 2 vol., pt. 1, Mammalia. Harian, R. Description of a New Extinct Species of Dolphin from Maryland. 2nd Bull. Proc. Nat. Inst. Prom. Sci., 1842, pp. 195-196, 4 plates. xlvili GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LYELL, CHAs. On the Tertiary Formations and their connection with the Chalk in Virginia and other parts of the United States. Proc. Geol. Soc., London, vol. iii, 1842, pp. 735-742. Marxog, Francis, Jr. [Remarks and list of fossils from Miocene. | 2nd Bull. Proc. Nat. Inst. Prom. Sci., 1842, p. 132. 1843. A«assiz, Louts. Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III. Conrap, T. A. Description of a new Genus, and Twenty-nine new Miocene and one Eocene Fossil Shells of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. i, 1843, pp. 305-311. Descriptions of nineteen Species of Tertiary Fossils of Virginia and North Carolina. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. i, 1843, pp. 323-329. 1844. BaiLtey, J. W. Account of some new Infusorial Forms discovered in the Fossil Infusoria from Petersburg, Va., and Piscataway, Md. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvi, 1844, pp. 137-141, plate iii. EHRENBERG, C. G. Ueber zwei neue Lager von Gebirgsmassen aus Infusorien als Meeres-Absatz in Nord Amerika und eine Vergleichung derselben mit den organischen Kreide-Gebilden in Europa und Afrika. Bericht. k. p. akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1844, pp. 57-97. . (Rev.) Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlviii, 1845, pp. 201-204. By J. W. Bailey. Rogers, H. D. Address delivered at the Meeting of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvii, 1844, pp. 137-160, 247-278. ——., Wo. B. [Tertiary Infusorial formation of Maryland. | Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlvi, 1844, pp. 141-142. 1845. BaiLey, J. W. Notice of some New Localities of Infusoria, Fossil and Recent. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlviii, 1845, pp. 321-343, plate ivy. [Summary and Review of Ehrenberg’s Observations on the Fossil Infusoria of Virginia and Maryland, and a comparison of the same with those found in the Chalk Formations of Europe and Africa. ] Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlviii, 1845, pp. 201-204. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xlix Conran, T. A. Fossils of the (Medial Tertiary or) Miocene Forma- tion of the United States. No. 3. 1845. pp. 57-80. Plates xxx-xly. Republished by Wm. H. Dall, Washington, 1893. Lea, Henry C. Description of some new Fossil Shells from the Ter- tiary of Petersburg, Virginia. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. ix, pp. 229-274. Lonspatz, W. Indications of Climate afforded by Miocene Corals of Virginia. Appendix Quart. Jour. Geol. Soe., London, vol. i, 1845, pp. 427-429, Lyett, Cuas. Travels in North America, with Geological Observa- tions on the United States, Canada and Nova Scotia. 2 vols. 125. New York, 1845. Another edit., 2 vol., 12°, London, 1845. Another Edit. 2 vols., New York, 1852. Second English edit. London 1855. German edit., translated by2H. Wolff, Halle, 1846, ——— On the Miocene Tertiary Strata of Maryland, Virginia and of North and South Carolina. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. i, 1845, pp. 413-427. Proc. Geol. Soc., London, vol. i, 1845, pp. 413-427. 1846. Conrap, T. A. Observations on the Eocene formation of the United States, with descriptions of Species of Shells, &e., occurring in it. Amer. Jour. Sci., 2nd Ser., vol. i, pp. 209-221, 395-405. Tertiary Fossil Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, 1846, pp. 19-27, 1 plate. 1847. GipBEs, Ropr. W. Description of new species of Aqualides from the Tertiary Beds of South Carolina. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. ili, 1846-7, PP. 266-268. 1848. Gippes, R. W. Monograph of the fossil Squalidae of the United States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2nd ser., vol. i, 1848, pp. 139-148, 191-206. Lea, Henry C. Catalogue of the Tertiary Testacea of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. iv, 1848, pp. 95-107. d ] GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1849. Battey, J. W. New Localities of Infusoria in the Tertiary of Maryland. Amer. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. vii, 1849, p. 437. D’OrBicny, A. Note sur les Polypiers fossiles. 1850. Hiceins, Jas. Report of James Higgins, M. D., State Agricultural Chemist, to the House of Delegates. 8vo. 92 pp. Annapolis, 1850. Md. House of Delegates, Dec. Sess. [G]. 1851. Baitty, J. W. Miscellaneous Notices. 3 Fossil Infusoria of Mary- land. Amer. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. xi, 1851, pp. 85-86. 1852. ConraD, T. A. Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of St. Domingo and Vicksburg [ Miss.]. : Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1852, pp. 198-199. Hiecins, JAMES. The Second Report of James Higgins, M. D., State Agricultural Chemist, to the House of Delegates of Maryland. 8vo. 118 pp. Annapolis, 1852. Md. House of Delegates, Jan. Sess., 1852 [C], 8vo, 126 pp. JOHNSON, ALEXANDER S. Notice of some undescribed Infusorial Shells. Amer. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. xiii, 1852, p. 33. LYELL, CHas. Travels in North America, in the years 1841-2; with Geological Observations on the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. 2 vols. 8vo. New York, 1852. 1853. ConraD, T. A. Monograph on the genus Fulgur. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. vi, 1853, pp. 316-319. Hitcucock, E. Outline of the Geology of the Globe and of the United States in particular, with geological maps, etc. 8vo. Boston, 1853. 2nd edit., 1854; 3rd edit., 1856. Marcou, Jutes. A Geological Map of the United States and the British Provinces of North America, with an explanatory text, [etc.] 8vo. Boston, 1853. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL’ SURVEY li 1854. Darwin, CHARLES. A Monograph of the Fossil Balanidae and Ver- rucidae of Great Britain. London Palaeontog. Soc., London, 1854, pp. 17-20, plate 1. Hitcucocr, E. Outline of the Geology of the Globe and of the United States in particular, with geological maps, ete. 8vo. Boston, 1854. (2nd edition.) 1855. Marcou, J. Resumé explicatif d’un carte géologique des Etats- Unis et des provinces anglaises de Amérique. Bull. Soe. Géol. Fr., 2 ser., tome xii, 1855, pp. 813-936; colored geological map. Ueber die Geologie der Vereinigten Staaten und der englischen Provinse von Nord Amerika. Petermann’s Mitth., 1855, pp. 149-159. Trans. in Geology of North America, pp. 58-70. Zurich, 1858. 1856. EXRENBERG, C. G. Zur Mikrogeologie. 2 vols. and atlas, roy. folio, forty-one plates. Leipzig, 1854-56. Hiceins, James. Fifth Agricultural Report of James Higgins, State Chemist, to the House of Delegates of the State of Maryland. 8vo. 91 pp. Annapolis, 1856 (published separately). Also Md. House of Delegates, Jan. Sess., 1856. Md. Sen. Doc. Another edition, pp. 15-18 omitted, 8vo, 90 pp. Rogers, H. D. Geological Map of the United States and British North America. 1857. Tuomey, M., and Houtmss, F. S. Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina. Containing descriptions and figures of the Polyparia, Echinodermata and Mollusca. Charleston, 8. C., 1857. [1854-7], pp. 110. 1860. Tyson, P. T. First Report of Philip T. Tyson, State Agricultural 145 pp. Annapolis, 1860. Maps. Chemist, to the House of Delegates of Maryland, Jan. 1860. 8vo. Md. Sen. Doc. [E]. Md. House Doc. [C]. Report of Chemist. n. d. [1860], 8vo, 4 pp. lii GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1861. ConraD, T. A. Fossils of the (Medial Tertiary or) Miocene Forma- tion of the United States. No. 4. 1861[?]. pp. 81-89, index and. plates xlv-xlix. Republished by Wm. H. Dall, Washington, 1893. FROMENTEL, E. pr. Introduction a l’etude des Esponges fossiles. Normandie Soc. Linn. Mém., xi. 1860. JOHNSTON, CHRISTOPHER. Upon a Diatomaceous Earth from Not- tingham, Calvert Co., Maryland. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. xiv, 1861, pp. 159-161. NormMAn, Grorce. On some Undescribed Species of Diatomaceae. (Read Nov. 14, 1860.) Trans. Microscopical Soe. of London, n. s. vol. ix, 1861, pp. 5-9. Rogers, W. B. Infusorial earth from the Tertiary of Virginia and Maryland. (Read May 4, 1859.) Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. vii, 1861, pp. 59-64. Tyson, P. T. [Letter from Mr. Tyson of Maryland on Tripoli. ] (Read Dec. 1860.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xii, 1861, pp. 550-551. 1862. ConraD, T. A. Catalogue of the Miocene Shells of the Atlantic Slope. Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xiv, 1862, pp. 559-582. Description of New, Recent and Miocene Shells. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xiv, 1862, pp. 583-586. Tyson, Puitip T. Second Report of Philip T. Tyson, State Agri- cultural Chemist, to the House of Delegates of Maryland, Jan. 1862. 8vo. 92 pp. Annapolis, 1862. Md. Sen. Doc. [F]. 1863. Dana, JAMES D. Manual of Geology. Phila. 1863. 1864. Meex, F. B. Check list of the Invertebrate fossils of North America. Miocene. Smith. Misc. Col., vol. vii, art. vii, 1864, 34 pp. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lin 1866. Conran, T. A. Illustrations of Miocene Fossils, with Descriptions of New Species. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. ii, 1866, pp. 65-74, plates 3 and 4. Descriptions of new species of Tertiary, Cretaceous and Recent Shells. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. ii, 1866, pp. 104-106. 1867. Corr, E. D. An addition to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Miocene Period, with a Synopsis of the Extinct Cetacea of the United States. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iii, 1867, pp. 257-270. Copr, KE. D. An addition to the Vertebrate Fauna of the Miocene Period, with a Synopsis of the Extinct Cetacea of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xix, 1867, pp. 138-156. Extinct mammalia from Miocene of Charles Co., Maryland. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xix, 1867, pp. 131-132. GILL, THEopoRE. On the Genus Fulgur and its Allies. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iii, 1867, pp. 141-152. Htrecins, JAMES. A Succinct Exposition of the Industrial Resources and Agricultural advantages of the State of Maryland. Md. House of Delegates, Jan. Sess., 1867 [DD], Svo, 109, iii, pp. Md. Sen. Doc., Jan. Sess., 1867 [U]. 1868. ConraD, T. A. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Miocene Shells, with notes on other Fossil and recent Species. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iii, 1868, pp. 257-270. —— Descriptions of Miocene Shells of the Atlantic Slope. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iv, 1868, pp. 64-68. Cope, E. D. [Extinct Cetacea from Miocene of Charles Co., Md. } Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xx, 1868, pp. 159-160. —— Second Contribution to the History of the Vertebrata of the Miocene Period of the U.S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xx, 1868, pp. 159, 184-194. | Remarks on extinct Reptiles. | Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xx, 1868, p. 313. liv GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1869. ConrapD, T. A. Descriptions of and References to Miocene Shells of the Atlantic. Slope, and Descriptions of two new supposed Cretaceous Species. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iv, 1869, pp. 278-279. Descriptions of New Fossil Mollusca, principally Cretaceous. Amer. Jour. Cench., vol. v, 1869, pp. 96-103, pl. ix. Notes on Recent and Fossil Shells, with Descriptions of new Genera. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. iv, 1869, pp. 246-249. Descriptions of Miocene, Eocene and Cretaceous Shells. Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. v, 1869, pp. 39-45, pls. i and ii. Corr, E. D. Third Contribution to the Fauna of the Miocene Period of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xxi, 1869, pp. 6-12. Leripy, JosepH. The Extinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and Ne- braska, including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a Synopsis of the Mammalian Remains of North America. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, pp. 1-472. Locan, Wm. E. Geological Map of Canada and the Northern United States. (Rev.) Amer. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. xlix, 1870, pp. 394-398. 1870. Corr, E. D. The Fossil Reptiles of New Jersey. Amer. Nat., vol. iii, pp. 84-91. Marsu, O. C. Notice of some Fossil Birds from the Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations of the United States. Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. ii, vol. xlix, pp. 205-217. 1871. Corr, E. D. Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, pp. 1-252. 1872. Hrroncock, C. H. Description of the Geological Map. Ninth Census, vol. iii, Washington, 1872, pp. 754-756. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ly 1874. Dana, J. D. Manual of Geology. 2nd edition. New York, 1874. pp. 828. 1875. Corg, E. D. Synopsis of the Vertebrata of the Miocene of Cumber- land County, New Jersey. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, pp. 361-364. JOHNSTON, CHRISTOPHER. About the rediscovery of the “ Bermuda Tripoli” near Nottingham, on the Patuxent, Prince George’s County, Md. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii, 1875, pp. 127-129. Sutuivant, J. [Letter to Professor Christopher Johnston on Ber- muda Tripoli in Maryland. | Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii, 1875, pp. 422-423. 1877. Leipy, J. Description of Vertebrate Remains, chiefly from the Phosphate beds of South Carolina. Jour. Acad. Nat. Scei., Phila., 2nd ser., vol. viii, pp. 241, 242, 243, 243, pl. xxxi, figs. 14-18; pl. xxxii, figs. 6, 6a, 7, 7a; pl. xxxiii, figs. 4 and 5. 1880. Dana, J. D. Manual of Geology. 3rd edit. -Hernprin, ANGELO. On the Stratigraphical Evidence Afforded by the Tertiary Fossils of the Peninsula of Maryland. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xxxii, 1880, pp. 20-33. 1882. HEILPRIN, ANGELO. On the relative ages and classification of the Post-Eocene Tertiary Deposits of the Atlantic Slope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. xxxiv, 1882, pp. 150-186. (Abst.) Amer. Jour. Sci., 3 ser., vol. xxiv, 1882, pp. 228-229. Amer. Nat., vol. xvii, 1883, p. 308. Science, 1882, p. 183. 1883. Brantty, W. T. Maryland. Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. xv, New York, 1883, pp. 602-605. Leconte, Jas. Elements of Geology. 2nd. edition. New York, 1883. WIiLBur, F. A. Marls. Mineral Resources U. S., 1882, Washington, 1883, p. 522. lvi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1884. HeItprin, ANGELO. Contributions to the Tertiary Geology and Paleontology of the United States. 4to. 117 pp., map. Phila., 1884. — The Tertiary Geology of the Eastern and Southern United States. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. ix, 2nd ser., 1884-85, pp. 115-154, pl. iv. North American Tertiary Ostreidae. 4th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Sury., 1882-83, Washington, 1884, pp. 309-316. - (Appendix I to C. A. White’s Fossil Ostreidae of North America). 1885. Wiuiams, A., Jr. (Editor). Infusorial Earth. Mineral Resources U. S., 1883-1884, Washington, 1885, p. 720. ZiTTEL, Kart A. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I Abtheil. II Band. Munich und Leipzig, 1885. p. 270. 1886. PautoosEK, J. Beitrag. Kenntniss foss. Bacillarien Nuganis. Theil I, 1886, p. 35, pl. xxvii, fig. 262. 1887. Day, D. T. Infusorial Earth. Mineral Resources, U. S., 1886, Washington, 1887, p. 587. Duncan, P. M. On a new Genus of Madreporaria (Glyphastraea), with Remarks on the Morphology of Glyphastraea Forbesi Ed. & H. from the Tertiaries of Maryland, U. 8. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soe., London, vol. xliii, 1887, pp. 24-32, pl. iii. Heruprin, A. The Miocene Mollusca of the State of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1887, pp. 397-405. — Explorations on the West Coast of Florida and of the Okeecho- bee Wilderness. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., vol. i, 1887, pp. 1-8, 1-134. Abst. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. xxxiv, 1887, pp. 230-232. Pop. Sci. Monthly, vol. xxxiii, 1887, pp. 418. —— Fossils of the Pliocene (“ Floridian”) Formation of the Ca- loosahatchie. Explorations on the West Coast of Florida, etc. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., 1887, vol. i, pp. 68-104. Hitrcucocr, C. H. The Geological Map of the United States. Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. xv, 1887, pp. 465-488. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lvii 1888. Ciark, Wm. B. On three Geological Excursions made during the months of October and November, 1887, into the southern counties of Maryland. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir. No. 63, vol. vii, 1888, pp. 65-67. Day, D. T. (Editor). Infusorial Earth. Mineral Resources U. S., 1887, Washington, 1888, p. 554. MoGerr, W J. Three Formations of the Middle Atlantic Slope. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. xxxv, 1888, pp. 120-143, 328-331, 367-388, 448-466, plate ii. (Absts.) Nature, vol. xxxviii, 1888, pp. 91, 190. Amer. Geol., vol. ii, 1888, pp. 129-131. Hinve, G. J. On the History and Characters of the Genus Septas- traea, D’Orbigny (1849) and the Identity of its Type Species with that of Glyphastraea, Duncan (1887). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. xliv, 1888, pp. 200-227, pl. ix. Meyer, Orro. Some remarks on the present state of our Knowledge of the North American Eastern Tertiary. Amer. Geol., vol. ii, 1888, pp. 88-94. — Upper Tertiary Invertebrates from West Side of Chesapeake Bay. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1888, pp. 170-171. Unter, P. R. Observations on the Eocene Tertiary and its Cretaceous Associates in the State of Maryland. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., vol. i, 1888, pp. 11-32. 1889. Datt, Witt1am Heatrey. A Preliminary Catalogue of the Shell- bearing Marine Mollusks and Brachiopods of the Southeastern Coast of the United States. Smith. Insv., U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. xxxvii. Unter, P. R. Additions to observations on the Cretaceous and Eocene formations of Maryland. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., vol. i, 1889, pp. 45-72. WooLtMAN, Lewis. Artesian wells, Atlantic City, New Jersey. New Jersey Geol. Survey, Report of State Geologist for 1889, pp. 89-99. lviil GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1890. CuarK, Wo. B. Third Annual Geological Expedition into Southern Maryland and Virginia. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir. No. 81, vol. ix, 1890, pp. 69-71. Corr, E. D. The Cetacea. Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, pp. 599-616, pls. xx-xxiii. Dat, W. H. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, with especial reference to the Miocene Silex-beds of Tampa and the Pliocene beds of the Caloosahatchie River. Part I. Pulmonate, Opisthobranchi- ate and Orthodont Gastropods. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part i, 1890, pp. 1-200, pl. i-xii. Day, D. T. Abrasive Materials. Mineral Resources U. S., 1888, Washington, 1890. MacrarRLANE, J. R. An American Geological Railway Guide. 2nd edit. 8vo, 426 pp. Appleton, 1890. Rorruay, J. Revision of the Genus Actinocyclus. Jour. Luckett-Micro Club, ser. ii, vol. iv, No. 27, 1890, pp. 137-212. Unter, P. R. Notes on Maryland. Macfarlane’s An American Geol. R. R. Guide, 2nd Edit., Appleton, 1890. — Notes and Illustrations to “ Observations on the Cretaceous and Eocene Formations of Maryland.” Trans. Amer. Acad. Sci., vol. i, 1890, pp. 97-104. Wootman, Lewis. Geology of Artesian Wells at Atlantic City, N. J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1890, pp. 132-147. 1891. Cuark, W. B. Report on the Scientific Expedition into Southern Maryland. [Geology; W. B. Clark. Agriculture; Milton Whitney. Archaeology; W. H. Holmes. | Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir. No. 89, vol. x, 1891, pp. 105-109. DauL, WM. H. Elevation of America in ‘Tertiary Periods. Geol. Mag. n. s. dec. iii, vol. viii, 1891, pp. 287-288. Elevation of America in the Cenozoic Periods. Amer. Nat., vol. xxv, 1891, pp. 735-736. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lix Darton, N. H. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Formations of Eastern Vir- ginia and Maryland. Bull. Geol. Soe. Amer., vol. ii, 1891, pp. 431-450, map, sections. (Abst.) Amer. Geol., vol. viii, 1891, p. 185. Amer. Nat., vol. xxv, 1891, p. 658. Harris, Girpert D. On the Compounding of Nassa triviltata Say and Nassa peralta (Con. sp.) Amer. Geol., vol. viii, 1891, pp. 174-176. McGezt, W J The Lafayette Formation. 12th Ann. Rept. U. S.-Geol. Surv., 1890-91, Washington, 1891, pp. 347-521. —— Geology of Washington and Vicinity. In Guide to Washington and its Scientific Institutions. Compte rendu, International Congress of Geologists, 1891. House Mise. Doc., 53rd Cong., 2nd sess., vol. xiii, No. 107. —— Administrative Reports. Geologic and Paleontologic Investi- gations. 12th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1890-91, Washington, 1891, part i, pp Pa, Ts alae Wootman, Lewis. Artesian wells and water-bearing horizons of Southern New Jersey (with a “note on the extension southward of diatomaceous clays and the occurrence there of flowing artesian wells”). New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1890, 1891, pp. 269-276. Also published separately. 1892. Dati, W. H. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, etc. Part II. Streptodont and other Gastropods. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part ii, 1892, pp. 201-473, pl. xiii-xxil. and Harris, G. D. Correlation Papers—Neocene. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 84, 1892. House Misc. Doc., 52nd Cong., 1st sess., vol. xliii, No. 337. Darton, N. H. Physiography of the region [ Baltimore and vicinity | and Geology of the Sedimentary Rocks. Guide to Baltimore, with an account of the Geology of its environs and three maps. Baltimore, 1892. pp. 123-139. Day, D. T. (Editor). Infusorial Earth. Mineral Resources U. S., 1889-90, Washington, 1892, p. 459. Eleventh Census Rept. Mineral Industries, 1892, pp. 707-708. House Mise. Doc., 1st sess. 52nd Cong., vol. 50, pt. i, 1892; pp. 707-708. lx GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Witurams, G. H. (Editor). Guide to Baltimore, with an account of the Geology of its environs and three maps. Baltimore, 1892. Wootman, Lewis. A review of Artesian Horizons in Southern New Jersey, ete. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1891, 1892, pp. 223-245. Also published separately. 1893. Datt, WM. H. Republication of Conrad’s Fossils of the Medial Ter- tiary of the United States, with Introduction. Phila., 1893. Darton, N. H. The Magothy Formation of Northeastern Maryland. Amer. Jour. Sei., 3rd ser., vol. xlv, 1893, pp. 407-419, map. Cenozoic History of Eastern Virginia and Maryland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. v, 1893, p. 24. (Abst.) Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. xlvi, 1893, p. 305. GrIkiz, A. Text Book of Geology. 3rd edit. S8vo. 1147 pp. Lon- don: Macmillan Co., 1893. Harris, G@. D. Republication of Conrad’s Fossil Shells of the Ter- tiary Formations of North America, with Introduction. 8vo. 121 pp. 20 plates. Washington, D. C., 1893. —— The Tertiary Geology of Calvert Cliffs, Md. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. xlv, 1893, pp. 21-31, map. Remarks on Dall’s collection of Conrad’s works. Amer. Geol., vol. xi, 1893, pp. 279-281. Wixurams, G. H. Mines and Minerals [of Maryland]. Maryland, its Resources, Industries and Institutions, Baltimore, 1893, pp. 89-153. ——., and CLark, W. B. Geology [of Maryland]. Maryland, its Resources, Industries and Institutions, Baltimore, 1893, pp. 55-89. (Rev.) Amer. Geo., vol. xi, 1893, pp. 396-398. Wootman, Lewis. Artesian Wells in Southern New Jersey. : New Jersey Geol. Sur., Report State Geologist for 1892, 1893, pp. 275-311. 1894. CLarK, Wm. Buttock. The Climatology and Physical Features of Maryland. ist Biennial Rept. Md. State Weather Service, 1894. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxi Dati, W. H. Notes on the Miocene and Pliocene of Gay Head, Mar- tha’s Vineyard, Mass., and of the “Land Phosphate” of the Ashley River district, South Carolina. Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd ser., vol. xlviii, 1894, pp. 296-301. Darton, N. H. An outline of the Cenozoic History of a Portion of the Middle Atlantic Slope. Jour. Geol., vol. ii, 1894, pp. 568-587. — Artesian Well Prospects in Eastern Virginia, Maryland and Delaware. Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. xxiv, 1894, pp. 372-379, plates 1 and 2. — Fredericksburg Folio. Explanatory Sheets. U. S. Geol. Surv. Geol. Atlas, folio No. 13, Washington, 1894. WHITFIELD, Ropert Parr. Mollusca and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of New Jersey. Mon. xxiv, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1894, pp. 112, 113, 123. Wootman, Lewis. Artesian Wells in Southern New Jersey. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1893, 1894, pp. 389-421. 1895. Crarx, Wa. B. Description of the Geological Excursions made dur- ing the spring of 1895. . Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir. No. 121, vol. xv, 1895, p. 1. Additional observations upon the Miocene (Chesapeake) de- posits of New Jersey. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir. No. 121, vol. xv, 1895, pp. 6-8. Core, E. D. Fourth Contribution to the Marine Fauna of the Mio- cene Period of the United States. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xxxiv, pp. 135-155. Dati, W. H. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, etc. Part III. A New Classification of the Pelecypoda. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part ili, 1895, pp. 483-570. Diagnosis of new Tertiary Fossils from the Southern United States. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. xviii, 1895, No. 1035, pp. 21-46. EastMAN, CuHartes R. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattung Ozyrhina, mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung von Oxyrhina Mantella Ag. (mit Taf. xvi-xviii). Palaeontogr., vol. xli, pp. 149-192. )xii GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS GANE, Henry Stewart. A Contribution to the Neocene Corals of the United States. Johns Hopkins Univ., Cir. No. 121, vol. xv, 1895, pp. 8-10. Wootman, Lewis. Artesian Wells in Southern New Jersey and at Crisfield, Md. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1894, 1895, pp. 153-221. 1896. Crark, Wm. B. The Eocene Deposits of the Middle Atlantic Slope in Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 141, 1896, 167 pp. 40 plates. House Misc. Doc., 54th Cong., 2nd sess., vol. xxxv, No. 31. (Abst.) Jour. Geol., vol. v, 1897, pp. 310-312. Corr, E. D. Sixth Contribution to the Knowledge of the Marine Miocene Fauna of North America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe., vol. xxxv, pp. 139-146. Darton, N. H. Artesian Well Prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Region. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 138, 1896, 228 pp., 19 plates. House Mise. Doc., 54th Cong., 2nd sess., vol. xxxv, No. 28. Nomini Folio, Explanatory sheets. U. S. Geol. Surv., Geol. Atlas, folio 23, Washington, 1896. Harris, G. D. A Reprint of the Paleontological Writings of Thomas Say. Bull. Amer. Pal., No. 5, 115 pp., Ithaca, 1896. WootmMAN, Lewis. Report on Artesian Wells. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1895, 1896, pp. 65-95. 1897. Ciark, W. B. Historical sketch embracing an account of the prog- ress of investigation concerning the physical features and natural re- sources of Maryland. Md. Geol. Surv., vol. i, pp. 48-138, pls. ii-v, 1897. Outline of present knowledge of the physical features of Mary- land, embracing an account of the physiography, geology, and mineral Tesources. Md. Geol. Surv., vol. i, pp. 141-228, pls. vi-xiii, 1897. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ixili Parker, E. W. Abrasive Materials. Eighteenth Annual Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. v (continued), Mineral Resources of the U. S., 1896, Washington, 1897, pp. 1229-1230. ScHUCHERT, CHARLES. A Synopsis of American Fossil Brachiopoda. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 87, 1897, 464 pp. Wootman, Lewis. Report on Artesian Wells in Southern New Jer- sey, etc. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1896, 1897, pp. 97-200. 1898. Bacc, R. M. The Tertiary and Pleistocene Foraminifera of the Mid- dle Atlantic Slope. Bull. Amer. Pal., No. 10, 48 pp., 3 pls., Ithaca, 1898. DatL, W. H. A Table of North American Tertiary horizons corre- lated with one another and with those of western Europe, with annota- tions. 18th Ann. Rept., U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. ii, pp. 327-348, 1898. —— Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, ete. Part IV. 1. Prionodesmacea; Nucula to Julia. 2. Teleodesmacea; Teredo to Ervilia. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part iv, 1898, pp. 571-947, pls. xxili-xxxv. Notes on the Paleontological Publications of Professor William Wagner. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. v, 1898. pp. 7-11, pls. i-ili. SHATTUCK, GEORGE BURBANK. Two Excursions with Geological Stu- dents into the Coastal Plain of Maryland. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire. No. 137, vol. xviii, 1898, pp. 15-16. Also pub- lished separately. WoormaNn, Lewis. Fossil Mollusks and Diatoms from the Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina; Indication of the Geological Age of the Deposit. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 1, pp. 414-428. 1899. CossMANN, M. Essais de Paléoconchologie comparée. Vol: iii, Paris, 1899, 201 pp., pl. i-viii. Gurenn, L. C. The Hatteras axis in Triassic and Miocene time. Amer. Geol., vol. xxiii, pp. 375-379, 1899. Wootman, Lewis. Artesian Wells in New Jersey. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Report State Geol. for 1898, 1899, pp. 61-144. lxiv GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS 1900. Boyer, C. 8. The Biddulphoid Forms of North American Diato- maceae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, pp. 685-748. Dat, W. H. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, ete. Part V. Teleodesmacea: Solen to Diplodonta. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part v, pp. 948-1218, pl. XXXVi-xlvii. GANE, HENRY STEWART. Some Miocene Corals of the United States. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxii, pp. 179-198, pl. xv. Wootman, Lewis. Artesian Wells. New Jersey Geol. Surv., Rept. State Geologist for 1899, 1900, pp. 57-139. 1901. Baae, R. M., Jr. Protozoa. Md. Geol. Surv., Eocene, 1901, pp. 234, 246, 248, 250. BonstTeeL, Jay A. Soil Survey of St. Mary’s County, Md. Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1900, Washington, 1901, pp. 125-145. — and Burke, R. T. Avon. Soil Survey of Calvert County, Md. Field Operations of the Division of Soils, 1900, Washington, 1901, pp. 147-171. CossMANN, M. Essais de Paléoconchologie comparée. Vol. iv, Paris, 1901, 293 pp., pl. i-x. EASTMAN, CHARLES R. Pisces. Md. Geol. Surv., Eocene, 1901, pp. 98-122. 1902. Newton, R. Butten. List of Thomas Say’s Types of Maryland Ter- tiary Mollusca in the British Museum. Geol. Mag., Decade iv, vol. ix, No. 457, 1902, pp. 303-305. SuHartuck, G. B. The Miocene Formation of Maryland. Abst. Science, vol. xv, No. 388, p. 906. Hay, O. P. Bibliography and Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata of = North America. Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey, No. 179, 1902. 1903. Dati, W. H. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, ete. Part VI. Concluding the work. Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Phila., vol. iii, part vi, 1903, pp. 1219-1654, pl. xlviii-lx. LYONS CREEK +6 MILE SOUTH 1.5 MILES SOUTH OF OF PARKER CREEK DARES WHARF Eocene on “The Chesapeake Group in Maryland” ESAPEAKE BAY MIOCENE, PLATE V. 7 - Ps ns . . a =k Ye ay ny U a 7 i j 7 ~~ M Pe a e ie a 4 a 7 ede i” y - 7 7 : Om os vial -o Le , ; 7 .-¢ r igh ee Pe ; - | i, - Ad vs ee ee 7 7 i) + « om > ) sa o 7? : ‘ 1 ' > : 4 7 _ y, G : > s ? < oo i in , : . ' - J - : : ® i * ‘ i i ' : -MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MILES SOUTH 7 ‘“ MILE SOUTH PLUM POINT z 1 MILE NORTH 2.6 MILES SOUTH PLUM POINT WHARF PLUM POINT WHARF if iT PLUM POIN’ CHESAPEAKE BEACH C| CHESAPEAKE BEACH XVI pa CHANCELLOR POINT LITTLE COVE POINT FLAG POND 2.76 MILES SOU GOVERNOR RUN 1 MILE SOUTH OF OF OF GOVERNOR RUN PARKER CREEK PARKER CREEK LEGEND Pleistocene St. Mary’s Formation Choptank Formation Calvert Formation Eocene The Numbers | to XVI correspond to those used in the chapter on “Local Sections’ The Numbers | to 24 correspond to those used in the chapter on “The Chesapeake Group in Maryland” SCALE 50 FEET = 1 INCH DETAILED COLUMNAR SECTIONS OF MIOCENE STRATA ALONG CHESAPEAKE BAY LYONS CREEK 1.5 MILES SOUTH OF DARES WHARF MIOCENE, PLATE V. ae a. tm 7 | ra: — i id oa? ith 1 Way Ae Lea Lee re ie MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxv GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC RELATIONS DISTRIBUTION OF THE STRATA The Miocene deposits of Maryland form a part of a more extensive series of Tertiary beds, which extend from Massachusetts to Mexico in what has been designated by Dall and Harris as the Atlantic Coast Region. It is not known whether the Miocene beds in this province ever extended across it in an unbroken belt, but it is certain that the processes of erosion, sedimentation and coastal movements have de- stroyed much of their former continuity and that the Miocene beds are now found in disconnected areas throughout the region. Massachusetts The most northerly outcrop of Miocene beds is in the famous Gay Head cliffs of Martha’s Vineyard, but material which has been question- ably referred to the Miocene has been dredged on Georges Bank and the banks of Newfoundland, indicating, possibly, the extension of the Miocene deposits indefinitely northward beneath the sea. On Martha’s Vineyard the Miocene beds rest uncorformably on pre-Tertiary deposits. They consist of two members which are strikingly different from each other in their lithologic composition. The lower member, the so-called “osseous conglomerate” of Hitchcock, is a bed from 12 to 18 inches thick. It is composed of medium sized pebbles of quartz, chert, calce- dony and fragments of cetacean bones. The presence of these bones in the formation suggested the name “ osseous conglomerate.” The upper member which hes immediately above the osseous conglomerate, is a bed of greensand which varies in thickness from nothing to 10 feet. At its base it carries rolled fragments of the under-lying stratum, showing that it was deposited unconformably on the osseous conglom- erate. New Jersey Immediately south of Martha’s Vineyard the Miocene beds disappear but come to the surface once more in New Jersey where they are well developed in the hills south of Matawan, as well as along the coast near Asbury Park. From here, uninterrupted save by shallow estuaries, the Miocene beds extend southwest across New Jersey to Delaware. e lxvi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS They cover, as they pass southward, an ever broadening belt extending from the coast westward to a line running from Matawan southwest through New Egypt, Pemberton, Blackwood and Penns Grove. In this region, two well defined members are recognized, the lower one being a greenish-blue, sandy clay abundantly supplied with fossils. This is seen only in the southern portion of the tract, near Shiloh and Salem. The other member lies above this and consists in part of clay and in part of a fine quartz sand, grading upward into gravel. This member covers by far the greater portion of the district and its upper gravelly portion has been designated by Professor R. D. Salisbury as the Beacon Hill formation. Much discussion has centered about the age of the gravels which are included in the Beacon Hill formation. Certain features which they possess suggest their reference to the Lafayette formation but there has never yet been discovered a definite line of separation between the gravels above and the sands beneath but rather a gradual change indi- cating an oscillating character of currents between the time when the purely sandy member was deposited and the purely gravelly member. It is probable, therefore, that no break exists and that the Beacon Hill formation is actually a part of the Miocene. Delaware The state of knowledge regarding the Miocene formations of Delaware is far from satisfactory or complete. The surface of the state is cov- ered with Pleistocene sands and gravels to such an extent as to effect- ually obscure the underlying formations. The information which has been secured from artesian wells and natural sections leaves little room to doubt that the central and southern portions of the state are underlain by the Miocene. In the vicinity of Smyrna, a blue fossiliferous Miocene clay has been discovered and also near Fredericka the same formation comes to the surface. In both of these outcrops the best fossil-bearing layer is an indurated sand or gravel bed. Maryland A glance at the accompanying map (Plate I) will suffice to show the distribution of the Miocene formations in Maryland. They enter the MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxvil state from Delaware a few miles south of Galena, and after crossing it from northeast to southwest continue on into Virginia. On the Eastern Shore the Miocene formations are found in Kent county, throughout a larger portion of Queen Anne’s, Talbot, Caroline and a part of Dorchester counties, and on the Western Shore in southern Anne Arundel, most of Prince George’s, a large part of Charles and almost the entire extent of Calvert and St. Mary’s counties. Within the limits of Maryland the Miocene beds dip gently to the southeast and usually, where the contact has been seen, are found to lie on the eroded surface of the Eocene beds. Near Good Hope, however, and at Soldiers’ Home, in the District of Columbia, the underlying forma- tion belongs to the Potomac Group. As the Miocene beds lie wholly within the tide-water region of Maryland, the streams which drain the territory are tidal estuaries throughout much of their courses and consequently are slow and slug- gish. On the Eastern Shore we have the Chester and Choptank rivers and their tributaries, together with streams emptying into Eastern Bay; and on the Western Shore, the Patuxent and the Potomac and the tributaries which enter the latter below Washington. Throughout much of the area under discussion the country is low and featureless, seldom rising in the eastern counties to 80 feet in elevation. On the Western Shore, however, the surface is more rolling, and the general elevation of the higher portion amounts in certain instances to as much as 300 feet. Southern Maryland is most favorably situated of all the districts in the northern portion of the Atlantic Coast province for the study of the Miocene formations. Within the borders of this district many of the features which are wanting in other regions find their full develop- ment. The materials composing the Miocene beds, which are ob- scured in some other regions, here differentiate into three well-defined formations, and the organic remains so indispensable to the geologist, while absent in some deposits in other regions, are in Maryland found in great beds many feet in thickness and miles in extent. In other localities the exploration of these deposits is greatly retarded through lack of exposures, but in this State we have, in the famous Calvert )xvili GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Cliffs, an almost unbroken exposure for more than 35 miles. Southern Maryand is, therefore, the type locality for the Miocene beds of the Middle Atlantic slope. Virginia In Virginia, as in Delaware, the underlying formations have been so concealed by the late gravel and sand deposits that they are seldom exposed except along river courses. Sections of the Miocene beds, however, are often met with along the main drainage lines, each of the great rivers of Virginia having exposed portions of the Miocene for study. The best of these sections occurs at the famous Nomini Cliffs a few miles below Mathias Point on the Potomac. These cliffs, although only two miles in extent, surpass the Calvert Cliffs in height, and yield the most comprehensive Miocene section in Virginia. Along the Rappahannock river the exposures are not so important but the Miocene is cut through at intervals over a territory extending from Cherry Point to Mosquito Point. On the Pamunkey river the Miocene is first met with, overlying the Kocene at Piping Tree. From here it may be traced down stream some little distance before it finally disappears beneath younger material. Lower down on the York river the Miocene is met with once more six miles above Yorktown and again at the famous locality, Bellefield, where it is packed with fossil remains of the most varied character, many of them in a most perfect state of preservation. Yorktown affords another fine exposure of Miocene fossils although they are not as abundant as at Bellefield. On the James river the Miocene extends from Richmond some dis- tance down the stream but finally disappears beneath its surface as the banks become occupied by younger material. The only other expo- sures on this river of importance are found at Kings Mill in the vicinity of Williamsburg. At this place, the river has cut into a high bank exposing a cliff crowded with finely preserved Miocene fossils. North Carolina In North Carolina the state of our knowledge regarding the Miocene is very imperfect. It.is much obscured by a cover of younger material MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxix and appears to occupy isolated areas throughout the Coastal Plain, although it is possible it may be more continuous than at first appears. The exposures of the Miocene are found along many of its principal rivers. South Carolina The Miocene in South Carolina is not very well known and has not been carefully differentiated from the overlying Pliocene. Gulf Coast In Florida the Miocene is better known than in the Carolinas, and the beds probably continue around the southern borders of the Gulf States through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas into Mexico. THE CHESAPEAKE GROUP IN MARYLAND The Miocene deposits of the Middle Atlantic slope have been de- scribed under the name of the Chesapeake Group. In Maryland, the materials which compose the formations of this group consist of clay, sandy-clay, sand, marl and diatomaceous earth. The sandy-clay mem- bers are, when freshly exposed, greenish to greenish-blue but slowly change under the influence of the weather to a slate or drab color. As the Miocene beds contain but little glauconite, it is not a difficult task on the basis of lthologic criteria to separate them from the Eocene deposits, and they are still more readily distinguished from the Cre- taceous and Potomac beds beneath as well as from the Columbia loams and gravels above. It has been found possible to separate the beds of the Chesapeake Group into three formations, which are designated, beginning with the oldest, the Calvert formation, the Choptank formation and the St. Mary’s formation. The areal distribution of the several formations is shown on the accompanying geological map. (Plate I.) R22) THE CALVERT FORMATION. Calvert county has suggested the name for this formation because of its typical development there. In the famous Calvert Cliffs along the eastern border of this county the waves of Chesapeake Bay have lxx GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS cut an almost unbroken exposure rising nearly 100 feet in height and extending from Chesapeake Beach to Drum Point, a distance of about 30 miles. Areal Distribution. The Calvert Formation which lies at the base of the Chesapeake Group in Maryland crosses the state from northeast to southwest. On the Eastern Shore it is found in the southeastern corner of Kent county, throughout almost the entire extent of Queen Anne’s and the northern portions of Talbot and Caroline counties. Throughout this region the Calvert is so completely buried beneath the loam and sand of the Columbia formations that its boundaries cannot with certainty be estab- lished in all places. Its northern boundary, however, appears to enter the state in the southeast corner of Kent county, passes over into Queen Anne’s near Crompton, and then continues along the southern bank of Chester river and crosses the southern half of Kent Island to the Bay. ‘The location of the southern boundary of the Calvert formation cannot be definitely fixed, at the present stage of our knowledge. It appears, however, to enter the state near Greensboro and to cross Caroline and Talbot counties as it passes southwest to the mouth of the Choptank river. On the Western Shore the Calvert formation is found extensively developed in Anne Arundel, Prince George’s, Charles, Calvert and St. Mary’s counties. It appears as a long line of outcrop extending from the hills near the head of South river estuary to a place on the Calvert Cliffs near Point of Rocks. With this breadth, it extends across south- ern Maryland from Chesapeake Bay to the Potomac river, and is devel- oped along the latter stream from the hills north of Washington to the mouth of the Wicomico. Notwithstanding this great development, the Calvert formation is seldom met with on the surface of the country but must be sought in the cliffs of the larger estuaries and in the walls of stream gorges. As on the Eastern Shore so on the Western, the Calvert formation is covered up by younger formations. Thus, north of a diagonal line running from Herring Bay to Popes Creek, which marks the disappear- ance of the Eocene beds beneath tide level, the Calvert formation rests on the Eocene deposits and is covered up by loam, sand and gravel MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxxi belonging to both the Lafayette and Columbia formations, while south of the diagonal line the Calvert formation occupies the base of the sections and is overlain with sands and clays belonging to the Chop- tank formation, the next succeeding member of the Chesapeake Group. The northern and southern margins of the Calvert formation, or the line of its contact with older and younger beds respectively, are not in all places definitely known. The heavy mantle of Lafayette and Columbia gravels makes it impossible to locate it accurately in all places, but enough contacts have been discovered to establish its posi- tion in many instances and to render the calculation of its presence possible in others. Strike, Dip and Thickness The strike of the Calvert formation is in general from northeast to southwest, but due to erosion and change in topography the outcrop frequently becomes very sinuous and the strike apparently changes. Thus on the Eastern Shore, where the country is low and very flat and has been little dissected by streams, the outcrop is regular and approximately coincides with the strike. But on the Western Shore the country is higher and the streams have carved out deep valleys, producing a most irregular outcrop which departs widely from the direction of strike. The dip is, as a whole, about 11 feet to the mile toward the south- east. Apart from the exposures on the Calvert and Nomini cliffs, . there are no good places for examining the dip and as it must be calculated as a whole over extensive regions, slight changes which may occur in the dip are not often brought to light. The full thickness of the Calvert formation has been nowhere actu- ally observed. The formation has been diagonally truncated above by the Choptank and younger formations under which it lies uncon- formably, so that in the region of Davidsonville the Calvert formation shows only about 50 feet in thickness. We are fortunate in possessing a reliable well-record at Crisfield in Somerset county, which passes through the entire thickness of Miocene strata. In this well, the thickness of the Calvert formation is apparently about 310 feet. Located as this is in the extreme southern portion of the state and well lxxil GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS down the dip, the data probably indicate a rapid thickening of this formation as it passes southeast toward the ocean. At Cris- field, the Calvert formation lies 465 feet below the surface of the country, at Centerville it is found at a depth of 81 feet and is 65 feet thick, while at Chesapeake Beach on the Bay shore in Calvert county, a well which begins in the Calvert formation a little above tide, passes - out of it at a depth of 60 feet. The Calvert formation occupies the hilltops throughout the northern portion of its area and gradually dips to lower and lower levels as it passes toward the southeast until it finally sinks beneath tide level. The line along which it finally disappears on the Western Shore is a diagonal line extending from near Point of Rocks on Chesapeake Bay through the mouth of Indian creek on the Patuxent to the mouth of Wicomico river on the Potomac. On the Eastern Shore, as stated above, the country is everywhere fiat and no marked difference in eleva- tion of the Calvert formation is discernible. Subdivisions. The Calvert formation cannot be readily divided throughout the Eastern Shore, as it is so completely covered up by younger deposits that the bipartite division if present there has not been observed. On the Western Shore, however, the divisions are more clearly marked and have been traced from Chesapeake Bay to the Potomac river. The two divisions into which the Calvert formation falls are the Fair- haven diatomaceous earth and the Plum Point marls. FAIRHAVEN Dratomacrous HarrtuH.—This member lies at the base of the Calvert formation and is characterized by the presence of a large proportion of diatoms imbedded in a very finely divided quartz matrix. Calcareous material is present in this bed only in very small amounts. Beside diatoms, there are other Miocene fossils, usually in the form of casts, and organic remains reworked from the underlying Hocene beds. Fairhaven, Anne Arundel county, where the beds are well developed, has suggested the name for this division. The contact of the diatomaceous earth with the Eocene beds lies about two feet beneath a band of siliceous sandstone from 4 to 8 inches in thickness, which carries casts of Pecten humphreysti and other Miocene MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE VI. Fig. 1.—VIEW OF THE CALVERT CLIFFS FROM CHESAPEAKE BAY. Fic. 2.—_NEARER VIEW OF THE CALVERT CLIFFS SHOWING THE CONTACT OF THE CHOPTANK AND CALVERT FORMATIONS AT GOVERNOR RUN, CALVERT COUNTY. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ixxil fossils. Above this sandstone is the diatomaceous earth proper. This diatomaceous bed, which is about 20 feet in thickness, is greenish-blue when fresh but weathers to brown or a light buff color on long exposure to the atmosphere. In the extensive pits at Lyons Creek, where the material is being worked for commerce, the transition from the green- ish-blue to buff color may be seen in the masses removed progressing in concentric rings. In such specimens, the fresh greenish material is found at the center passing gradually into the buff-colored material toward the periphery. The low cliffs which border Chesapeake Bay south of the pier at Fairhaven are composed of diatomaceous earth with a capping of Columbia gravel. From Fairhaven the beds cross southern Maryland in a northeast-southwest direction following the line of strike, and are worked at Lyons Creek on the Patuxent and again at Popes Creek on the Potomac. They may also be found at innumerable places be- tween these points in cuttings made by water-ways. North of this diagonal line, extending between Fairhaven and Popes Creek, the diato- maceous beds gradually rise until they rest on hilltops, while south of the diagonal line, they gradually disappear below tide. The diatomaceous earth, on account of its porosity and compactness, is used in water filters. It is reduced readily to a fine powder and makes an excellent base for polishing powders. On account of its porous nature, diatomaceous earth is used as an absorbent in the manu- facture of dynamite, while its non-conductivity of heat makes it a valuable ingredient in packing for steam boilers and pipes, and in safes. This latter is the principal use to which it is put. It has been thought that the diatomaceous earth might be of use in certain branches of pottery manufacture which require on the part of the materials refractoriness and an absence of color when burned. Dr. Heinrich Ries tested a sample of the diatomaceous earth from Lyons Creek at cone 27 in the Deville furnace and found that the material fused to a drop of brownish glass. The non-refractory character of the diato- maceous earth is thus clearly demonstrated. The Fairhaven diatomaceous earth has been subdivided into three zones, which may be characterized as follows: Zone 1.—At the base of the Calvert formation and lying unconform- Ixxiv GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS ably on the Eocene deposits is a bed of brownish sand carrying Phacoides contractus. ‘This stratum varies somewhat in thickness from place to place, but does not depart widely from six feet on the average. Zone 2.—Lying immediately above Zone 1 is a thin stratum of white sand of about one foot in thickness which is locally indurated to sand- stone. It contains a large number of fossils, of which the following are the most important: Ecphora tricostata, Panopea whitfieldi, P. americana, Corbula elevata, Phacoides contractus, Venericardia granu- lata, Astarte cuneiformis, A. thomasi, Thracia conradi, Pecten madi- sonius, P. humphreysu, Chione latilirata, Cytherea staminea. Zone 3.—This stratum when freshly exposed consists of a greenish colored diatomaceous earth which, on weathering, bleaches to a white or buff-colored deposit breaking with a columnar parting and presenting perpendicular. surfaces. It is very rich in diatomaceous matter, the me- chanical analysis of specimens yielding more than 50 per cent of diatoms. The thickness of this bed varies from place to place, but where it is pen- etrated at Chesapeake Beach by an artesian well it has a thickness of about 55 feet. At Fairhaven, where it is well exposed, it carries large numbers of Phacoides contractus. This zone is best exposed at Popes Creek, Lyons Creek, Fairhaven, and in stream gullies lying along the northern margin of the Miocene beds. Pium Pornt Marts.—The Plum Point marls occupy the remainder of the Calvert formation above the Fairhaven diatomaceous earth. Plum Point in Calvert county where the beds are typically developed, has suggested the name for this member. These marls consist of a series of sandy-clays and marls in which are imbedded large numbers of organic remains including diatoms. The color of the material is bluish-green to grayish-brown and buff. Fossil remains although abundant through the entire member are particularly numerous in two prominent beds from 30 to 35 feet apart. These beds vary in thick- ness from 43 to 13 feet. They may be easily traced along the Calvert Cliffs from Chesapeake Beach to a point 2 miles below Governor Run. At Chesapeake Beach they he high up in the cliffs and pass gradually downward beneath the surface of the water as the formation is followed southward. Along the Patuxent river the Plum Point marls are not exposed so extensively as_in the Calvert Cliffs but they are visible MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ixxv at intervals from the cliffs below Lower Marlboro southward to Ben Creek, in Calvert county. On the west bank of the river they may be occasionally seen from a point opposite Lower Marlboro down the stream to 14 miles below Forest Wharf. On the Potomac river, the banks are usually very low and composed of Columbia sand and gravel. In consequence of this the Plum Point marls are seldom met with. On the Maryland side of the river they may be seen in the low cliffs at the mouth of the Chaptico Bay and on the Virginia side a considerable thickness of the marls is exposed the entire length of the Nomini Cliffs. When fresh, the Plum Point marls and the Fairhaven diatomaceous earth do not differ much in appearance from each other. The thickness of the Plum Point marls increases constantly down the dip and it is probable that the greater portion of the 310 feet of the Crisfield well section, which has been assigned to the Calvert formation, is to be referred to this member. From a detailed study of the exposures along the Calvert Cliffs, it has been found possible to subdivide the Plum Point marls into 12 zones. They are characterized as follows: Zone 4.—At the base of the Plum Point marls and lying conformably on Zone 3, the uppermost member of the Fairhaven diatomaceous earth is a six-inch deposit of greenish sandy clay carrying Ostrea percrassa. This zone first makes its appearance along the Calvert Cliffs at Chesa- peake Beach and continues on down the shore for about 25 miles, when it can be no longer distinguished. Throughout this distance, the zone does not dip toward the southeast in harmony with the other zones which are visible above it, but actually appears to rise slightly against the dip until it finally vanishes at the point indicated. The erratic behavior of this zone would seem to indicate a local migration and temporary occupation of this particular area by Ostrea percrassa. This zone corresponds to “ Zone a” of Harris.’ Zone 5.—This zone is developed immediately above Zone 4 and at Chesapeake Beach has a thickness of 7 feet; as it is followed southward, however, along the Calvert Cliffs, it is found to thin rapidly until at 1Tertiary Geology of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. xlv, 18938, pp. 21-31. )xxvi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS a distance of about 23 miles south of Chesapeake Beach it has a thick- ness of only 2 feet and 6 inches. At this point the base actually lies higher than at Chesapeake Beach, although on account of the thinning the top hes lower. From this point southward it dips away in har- mony with the dip of the other beds of the Calvert formation. The materials making up this zone consist of a greenish sand clay, which carries scattered bands of Corbula elevata. Zone 6.—This zone consists of a greenish sandy clay carrying large numbers of Corbula elevata which are distributed thickly throughout the stratum and not separated into scattered bands as in the zones im- mediately below and above it. At Chesapeake Beach, where this zone is best developed, it attains a thickness of eight feet, but-thins rapidly toward the south, lke the two preceding ones, until at a point 23 miles south of Chesapeake Beach it has diminished to a thickness of two feet. From this place it continues at about the same thickness until it finally disappears beneath the beach at Plum Point. n Zone 7.—Lying immediately above the last is a layer of greenish sandy clay carrying scattered bands of Corbula elevata, resembling very much in appearance Zone 5. Zone 8.—This stratum is lithologically like those immediately pre- ceding, but varies from them in either being devoid of fossils or in carrying only a few poorly preserved fossil casts of a Corbula, which is probably Corbula elevata. It consists of a greenish sandy clay varying from 9 to 15 feet in thickness. It may be best seen along the Calvert Cliffs from Chesapeake Beach to Plum Point. Zone 9.—This zone consists of greenish and greenish blue sandy clay carrying scattered layers of Corbula elevata and varying in thickness trom 6 feet at Chesapeake Beach to 2 feet at Plum Point. Zone 10.—On account of its great and varied assemblage of fossils this stratum is the most conspicuous zone in the entire Calvert forma- tion. It conists of a grayish green or a yellow to a brown sandy clay varying in thickness from 6 to 9 feet and is continuously exposed along the Calvert Cliffs from Chesapeake Beach till it dips below tide two or three miles south of Plum Point Wharf. The following is a partial list of the fossils found in this zone: Turritella tndentata, Phacoides anodonta, Crassatellites melinus, Astarte cunetformis, Ostrea MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE VII. Fira. 1.—VIEW OF DRUM CLIFF, NEAR JONES WHARF, ST. MARY'S COUNTY, SHOWING THE CHOPTANK FORMATION. Fira. 2.—ANOTHER VIEW OF DRUM CLIFF, SHOWING THE CHOPTANK FORMATION WITH THE INDURATED LAYER AT BASE OF SECTION. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. ty MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lxxvli selleformis, Pecten madisonius, Macrocallista marylandica, Atrina har- ris, Arca subrostrata, Glycimeris parilis, ete. It corresponds to “ Zone b” of Harris.’ Zone 11.—This stratum consists of a greenish blue to a brown sandy clay changing locally to a sand. It thickens somewhat as it passes down the dip from 5 feet where it is exposed in the bluffs at Chesa- peake Beach to 13 feet 14 miles south of Plum Point Wharf where it approaches tide level. It is unfossiliferous or carries a few imperfect fossil casts. Zone 12.—When typically developed, this zone consists of a brownish sandy clay, although at times it changes to a bluish color. In many of its exposures only imperfect fossil casts can be distinguished, but in other places it is found to carry Hephora quadricostata var. umbilicata, Venus mercenaria, Cytherea staminea, etc. It varies in thickness from two to four feet and corresponds to “ Zone c”-of Harris.’ Zone 13.—The materials of this zone consist of a bluish sandy clay more or less changed in sections to a yellowish or brownish color. It carries imperfect fossil casts and varies in thickness from 32 feet at Chesapeake Beach to 10 feet at a point one mile south of Parker Creek, thus gradually thinning as it passes down the dip. Zone 14.—The materials which make up this stratum consist of a brownish to yellowish sandy clay abundantly supplied with Isocardia fraterna. It varies in thickness from 2 to 7 feet and corresponds to “Zone d” of Harris.’ Zone 15.—This zone is the uppermost member of the Calvert forma- tion and consequently has been considerably eroded so that its true thickness is not definitely known. It consists of a yellowish sandy clay grading down locally into yellowish sand at its lower portions. At a point one mile south of Plum Point Wharf this zone shows a greater thickness than anywhere else along the Calvert Cliffs; at that place it measures 484 feet. Sections north and south of this point have either been in great part replaced by Pleistocene sand or have suffered by the unconformable overlapping of the Choptank formation. 2 T0ce Git. lxxvill GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS THE CHOPTANK FORMATION. The Choptank river has suggested the name for this formation be- cause of its great development on the northern bank of that estuary a short distance below Dover Bridge. In this locality the Choptank formation is very fossiliferous and may be seen at the base of a low cliff which borders the stream for some distance. Areal Distribution. The Choptank formation, which constitutes the second member of the Chesapeake Group in Maryland and lies immediately above the Calvert formation, is found in Caroline, Talbot and Dorchester counties on the Eastern Shore, and Anne Arundel, Calvert, Prince George’s, Charles and St. Mary’s counties on the Western Shore. On the Eastern Shore the Choptank formation is so completely buried beneath the surface cover of Columbia sand and loam that its exact areal distribu- tion is not definitely known. Its presence, however, has been detected in the area indicated in numerous marl pits and well borings, although the location of its northern and southern boundaries is largely a matter of conjecture. The northern boundary appears to enter Caroline county a little northeast of Greensboro and from there crosses in a south- western direction to the mouth of the Choptank river. The southern boundary follows a parallel course, cutting across southern Caroline county, crossing the Choptank river not far from Cambridge and reach- ing the Bay in about the middle of Taylor Island. In Calvert county, on the Western Shore, the Choptank formation is not so much obscured by the Columbia deposits as it is in the counties of the Eastern Shore. It may be found in a long line of outcrops ex- tending from the hilltops just west of Herring Bay to a place on the Calvert Cliffs a little distance north of Cove Point. It is also found at intervals along the Patuxent river, but west of this estuary it is almost as much obscured by younger deposits as on the Eastern Shore. The boundaries of the Choptank formation in Calvert county, although in part conjectural, are better known than in any other portion of southern Maryland, but the limitations set to its distribution in certain parts of Prince George’s and Charles counties have been determined more by calculation than from observation. They are believed, how- *s MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ]xx1x ever, to be approximately correct and are fixed as accurately as our present knowledge warrants. The streams of the Western Shore have cut deeper and more ramifying channels than those of the Eastern Shore and the contact of the Chop- tank with the Calvert formation appears consequently very irregular. The northern border of the Choptank formation extends in a N. E.- S. W. direction from the hills west of Herring Bay to the flat country at the head-waters of Wicomico river. The southern border of the Choptank formation is also a diagonal line running approximately par- allel with the northern border and extending from near Cove Point on Chesapeake Bay io the mouth of Flood Creek on the Potomac river. This last locality is only approximately fixed as the Miocene beds in this region are obscured by younger deposits. The point where the Choptank formation dips below the tide cannot, however, be very far from the locality indicated. Strike, Dip and Thickness. The strike of the Choptank formation is in general from northeast to southwest; but due to erosion, particularly on the Western Shore, as pointed out above, the outcrop is very sinuous, and the strike appears to change locally. On the Eastern Shore, as the country is extremely flat, the rivers have not opened up extensive drainage lines and the out- crop is therefore approximately parallel to the strike. The dip does not appear to be constant throughout the entire extent of the formation. In Calvert county, where the Choptank is best exposed, the northern portion of the formation down to Parkers Creek seems to lie almost horizontal; but south of this point the base of the formation dips away at about 10 feet to the mile. Due to this struc- ture, the Choptank formation occupies hilltops in the northern por- tion of its area and gradually occupies lower and lower levels, until in the southern portion of its area it is found in river bottoms and finally disappears beneath tide. The best place to examine the dip of the Choptank formation is along the Calvert Cliffs between Parker Creek and Point of Rocks. Here an almost unbroken exposure of the Chop- tank may be seen dipping gradually toward the southeast. The thickness of the Choptank formation is variable. In the Nomini xxx GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Cliffs, Virginia, it is present as a 50-foot bed between the Calvert forma- tion below and the St. Mary’s formation above. This is the thickest exposure which is open to direct observation. In the well section at Cris- field, mentioned above in connection with the Calvert formation, the Choptank formation attains a thickness of about 175 feet. It will thus be seen that the Choptank formation, like the Calvert, thickens as it passes down the dip. Character of Materials. The materials composing the Choptank formation are extremely vari- able. They consist of fine, yellow, quartz sand, bluish-green sandy- clay, slate-colored clay and, at times, ledges of indurated rock. In addition to these materials, there are abundant fossil remains dissemi- nated throughout the formation. The sand phase is well shown in the Calvert Cliffs from Parker Creek southward to Point of Rocks. The sandy-clay and clayey members may be seen in the same cliffs near Point of Rocks and southward. The indurated rock is well shown in Drum Cliff on the Patuxent and at Point of Rocks, and the fossil re- mains are seen typically developed on the Choptank river, at Drum Cliff and at Governor Run. Stratigraphic Relations. The Choptank formation lies unconformably on the Calvert forma- tion. This unconformity is in the nature of an over-lap but is not easily discernible even where the contact is visible. The best place to observe the unconformity is in that portion of the Calvert Cliffs just below the mouth of Parker Creek. Even here, the unconformity can- not be seen while standing on the beach but may be observed from a boat a short distance from the shore. The unconformity of the Chop- tank on the Calvert formation is also proved from the fact that at the above-mentioned locality the fossil bed which lies lowest in the Choptank formation rests on the Calvert, while at Mt. Harmony and northward the upper fossil bed of the Choptank rests on the Calvert formation. There are also certain differences between the fauna of the Calvert and that of the Choptank. How far this unconformity continues down the dip after the beds disappear from view is not MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE VIII. Fig. 1.—VIEW FROM THE BLUFFS AT THE DOVER BRIDGE LOCALITY ON THE CHOPTANK RIVER, TALBOT COUNTY. Fig. 2.-VIEW SHOWING FOSSIL BED IN THE CHOPTANK FORMATION AT DRUM CLIFF, NEAR JONES WHARF, ST. MARY’S COUNTY. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. =.) aa nee a war} Sy yh % peg ra a ae os See nw PS b en’. \ Bt MAU ONS SAS a? Ja YF tala at % 4 7 5 te » ‘ Pe abt iS aie) NO Tee MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY berxd known, as the data from wel! records are too meagre to draw any con- ciusion regarding this question. Above, the Choptank formation lies conformably beneath the St. Mary’s formation. Subdivisions. Zone 16.—This zone varies in composition from yellowish sand to bluish or greenish sandy clay. It is about 10 feet thick and may be found exposed along the Calvert Cliffs from near Parker Creek south- ward to a point a little north of Flag Pond, where it disappears be- neath the beach. Where the Choptank first makes its appearance in the Calvert Cliffs at Parker Creek this zone is absent, and Zone 17 of the Choptank rests immediately upon Zone 15 of the Calvert. Zone 16 is for the most part unfossiliferous, although about 3 miles south of Governor Run a few fossils have been discovered in it, of which the following are among the number: JZcphora quadricostata, Venus campechiensis var. cuneata, Dosinia acetabulum, Phacoides contractus, etc. Zone 17.—The Choptank formation carries two well-defined fossil zones. Of these, Zone 17 is the lower one. The material composing this stratum is mostly yellow sand along the Calvert Cliffs. It is almost entirely composed of fossils, the yellow sand simply filling in the spaces between the organic remains. ‘The fauna of this zone is extremely large, but the following will suffice to give an idea of some of the types: Ecphora quadricostata, Turritella plebia, Panopea americana, Corbula idonea, C. cuneata, Metis biplicata, Macrocallista marylandica, Venus mercenaria, V. campechiensis var. cuneata, Dosinia acetabulum, Iso- cardia fraterna, Cardium laqueatum, Crassatellites turgidulus, Astarte thisphila, Pecten coccymelus, P. madisonius, Melina mazillata, Arca staminea, ete. This zone makes its appearance along the Calvert Cliffs at Parker Creek, where it is about 6 feet in thickness, and is continuously exposed until it dips beneath tide a little worth of Flag Pond. It may also be seen at various points on the Patuxent River and on the Eastern Shore. Zone 17 appears to thicken considerably south- westward along the strike, for where best exposed on the Patuxent River, as near the mouth of St. Leonards Creek, it is at least 18 feet thick, and over 30 feet thick at Drum Cliff. This zone corresponds to “ Zone e” of Harris.” SILO, iit f beeen! GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Zone 18.—This zone is for the most part unfossiliferous, although in places it carries some imperfect fossils and fossil casts. The mate- rial of which it is composed is for the most part yellowish sand above but grades down into bluish clay below and at times the entire stratum is composed of bluish clay. In thickness it varies from 18 to 22 feet along the Calvert Cliffs and is continuously exposed along the Calvert Cliffs from Parker Creek to a point a few miles south of Flag Pond. Where this zone is exposed at Drum Cliff it is thinned down to about 8 feet in thickness. Zone 19.—This constitutes the upper of the two great fossiliferous zones of the Choptank formation. Like Zone 17 it is composed almost entirely of fossils with the interstices filled with reddish and yellow sand. It varies in thickness from 12 to 15 feet along the Calvert Cliffs and is continuously exposed from Parker Creek southward to near Cove Point, where the stratum dips beneath the beach. The following is a partial list of fossils found within this zone: Balanus concavus, Corbula idonea, Macrocallista marylandica, Dosinia acetabulum, Cardium laqueatum, Phacoides anodonta, Crassatellites marylandicus, Astarte this- phila, Ostrea carolinensis, Pecten madisonius, Arca stamanea, etc. This zone corresponds to “ Zone f” of Harris.’ Zone 20.—This zone lies at the top of the Choptank formation. It consists of greenish sand which is frequently oxidized to a red color, and at times it carries bands of clay. It seems to be devoid of fossils and is 15 feet thick, although it has frequently suffered by erosion. It may be best seen near Flag Pond, where it is overlain by the St. Mary’s formation. THE ST. MARY'S FORMATION. The name of this formation has been suggested by St. Mary’s county on account of its great development within that region. The forma- tion is found exposed in numerous places along the St. Mary’s river, in the vicinity of St. Mary’s City as well as along the southern bank of the Patuxent river. Areal Distribution. The St. Mary’s formation, hike the Calvert and the Choptank forma- tions, crosses the state from northeast to southwest. On the Eastern ocweirte MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ixxxili Shore, it is present, if at all, in Caroline, Talbot, Wicomico and Dor- chester counties. This region, however, is covered by a heavy mantle of sand and loam so that it has never been found extensively developed on the surface, nor is there any paleontological evidence of its presence in the records of excavations and well borings. This surface-cover makes it extremely difficult to fix definitely the northern and southern boundaries of the formation, and the lines which indicate them on the map are only approximately correct. The northern boundary of the St. Mary’s formation probably enters Caroline county about midway between Den- ton and Federalsburg, runs southwest, passing south of Cambridge and on to Chesapeake Bay. The southern boundary doubtless runs in a direction approximately parallel to the northern one. It probably enters the state in the northern part of Wicomico county and then runs southwest to the mouth of the Honga river. Throughout this region, the country is low and flat. Streams have not opened up channels of any importance, and the occurrence of the St. Mary’s formation must be, consequently, nearly coincident with the line of strike. On the Western Shore the St. Mary’s formation is found developed in southern Calvert and in southern St. Mary’s counties. In this region, also, it is very much obscured by a mantle of younger material belonging to the Columbia group and is, therefore, seldom seen on the surface. Good exposures, however, are found along the Bay shore, the Patuxent river and its tributaries and in the banks of the St. Mary’s river. The most extensive exposure is found in Calvert county along the Bay shore from Point of Rocks to Drum Point. Other exposures are found on both banks of the Patuxent river. In St. Mary’s county, exposures may be seen one-half mile west of Millstone on the Patuxent river, where the beds contain beautiful clusters of gypsum crystals, and along St. Johns Creek and Mill Creek. On St. Mary’s river, the forma- tions are exposed at intervals from Windmill Point up the stream toward its head-waters. The northern boundary of the St. Mary’s formation on the Western Shore is very sinuous and can only be approximately located on account of the cover of surface loams which obscure the underlying formation. The exact location of the southern border is also a matter of conjec- ture, but cannot be very far from correct. Marls belonging to the St. ]xxxiv GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Mary’s formation have been found outcropping just west of St. Jerome Creek and in the head-waters to the east at Smith Creek. In the extreme southern portion of St. Mary’s county, however, the St. Mary’s formation seems to have been removed and loams and clays belonging to the Columbia group deposited in its stead. Strike, Dip and Thickness. The strike of the St. Mary’s formation, like that of the two pre- ceding ones, is from northeast to southwest. On the Hastern Shore, the occurrence and strike are approximately coincident; on the Western Shore, however, due to the greater diversity in the topography, the outcrop is extremely irregular and-departs very widely from the direc- tion of strike. The St. Mary’s formation rests conformably on the underlying Choptank and is overlain unconformably by younger mate- rials. The dip averages about 10 feet to the mile toward the southeast. The thickness of the St. Mary’s formation varies from nothing to about 280 feet. In the hilltops south of Prince Frederick, where the dip carries the formation up to an elevation of 100 feet or more, the thickness thins down gradually to nothing; while in the well boring at Crisfield it occupies a thickness of about 280 feet, although it is possible that the upper portion of this may be Pliocene. Character of Materials. The materials composing the St. Mary’s formation consist of clay, sand and sandy clay. As exposed in Maryland, it is typically a greenish- blue sandy clay bearing large quantities of fossils and resembling very | closely the sandy clay of the Calvert formation described above. Locally, the beds have been indurated by the deposition of iron and again in other localities, notably on the south bank of the Patuxent river about one-half mile west of Millstone Landing and again near Windmill Point, clusters of radiating gypsum crystals are found. Stratigraphic Relations. The St. Mary’s formation lies unconformably on the Choptank forma- tion. It is overlain unconformably by clays, loams, sands and gravels belonging to various members of the Columbia group. There are MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. MIOCENE, PLATE IX. Fia. 1.—VIEW SHOWING THE LOW SHORE-LINE NEAR ST. MARY’S CITY, ST. MARY'S COUNTY. Fig. 2——VIEW SHOWING BLUFFS AT COVE POINT, CALVERT COUNTY, WITH THE ST. MARY'S FORMATION EXPOSED AT BASE OF SECTION. VIEWS OF MIOCENE SECTIONS. iw ls ae 2) id», bi , as L er , ee . Sra ela ee Pret wlth ih ares bY © oP 4 a » 3 i" ‘b : we hee ; rb tie ey i : ak SRSA; Ai pe, : ‘ ebige® iF eo Laas Se es : atte by a Fret Moar A s 4 Ve 7 <4 ¢ ad ) Ms “3% iF PINGS Penk POT ¢ aire Aan! i earre qgeewle 2. + £%), an a i> ee MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ixxxv certain faunal differences which separate it from the Choptank forma- tion. It has been subdivided into the following zones: Subdivisions. Zone 21.—This zone lies at the base of the St. Mary’s formation and conformably on the Choptank formation. It consists of a drab clay carrying sand bands of about the same color and appears to be devoid of fossils. It may best be seen aong the cliffs south of Flag Pond, where it has a thickness of about 15 feet. Zone 22.—Lying immediately above the last mentioned stratum is another band of drab clay in which thin beds of fossils are developed. These’ first made their appearance in the cliffs south of Flag Pond, and although the continuity of this bed is interrupted along the Bay shore by talus slopes and overgrowth of woodland, still it is believed to be continuous with the fossil-bearing beds at the base of the cliff at Cove Point. The following are some of the more important fossils found in this zone: Balanus concavus, Terebra inornata, Mangilia parva, Nassa peralta, Columbella communis, Ecphora quadricostata, Turritella plebeia, T. variabilis, Polynices heros, Corbula inequalis, Pec- ten jeffersonius, Arca idonea, etc. This stratum is about 14 feet in ” of Harris.’ thickness. It corresponds to “ Zone g Zone 23.—This zone is composed of drab clay and sand. It has suf- fered considerably from erosion, but along the Calvert Cliffs it carries some fossils of which Turritella plebeia is the most important. It shows a thickness of 30 feet but is unconformably overlain by the Pleistocene sands and gravels. . Zone 24.—A break in the stratigraphic continuity of the St. Mary’s formation occurs south of Drum Point and the exact relation of this zone to those preceding is not definitely known. It is believed, how- ever, to lie very close to Zone 24. At Chancellor Point on the St. Mary’s river, where it has been studied, 15 feet of bluish sandy clay are ex- posed, overlain unconformably by Pleistocene loams. At this place a large number of fossils are present, of which the following may be mentioned: Acteon ovoides, Retusa marylandica, Terebra curvilirata, Conus diluvianus, Surcula engonata, Fulgur fusiforme, Turritella varia- Loc. cit. lxxxvi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS bilis, Panopea goldfussi, Callocardia sayana, Venus campechiensis var. mortont, Isocardia fraterna, Phacoides anodonta, Pecten madisonius, P. jeffersonius, ete. : Local SECTIONS. The formations and zones described above are based on a large num- ber of local sections found scattered throughout the Miocene area of Maryland. The most continuous and complete series of sections is found along Chesapeake Bay from Fairhaven southward to Drum Point, but other instructive and important sections are found in the valleys of the Potomac and Patuxent rivers and along many of the rivers of the Eastern Shore. CHESAPEAKE BAY SECTIONS. The most complete section of the Miocene deposits along the Atlantic Coast occurs in the famous Calvert Cliffs from Chesapeake Beach south- ward to Drum Point. Throughout this distance the bluffs yield a com- plete sequence of the various beds of the formations, and the fossils are numerous and usually very well preserved. The entire Chesapeake Bay section is given in detailed columnar sections in Plate V, and the rela- tions of zone to zone indicated. The detailed description of each of these sections will now be given. I. Section on a southern branch of Lyons Creek. Feet { White diatomaceous clay (Zone 3).................- 5 d | White sandstone containing following fossils: Hcephora 4 2 tricostata, Panopea whitfieldi, P. americana, Corbula ; © | elevata, Phacoides contractus, Venericardia granu- Miocene. ai lata, Astarte cuneiformis, A. thomasi, Thracia con- ome) | radi, Pecten madisonius, P. humphreysii, Chione ee | latilirata, Cytherea staminea (Zone 2)...........-- al | Brown sand containing Phaciodes contractus (Zone 1) 6 Eocene Greenish=-27T ays SAM G vei Clay: «xis sia see fele as teuetensr sl ol sveheyclin on eteite 35 sl ORG ots 1 Ue ree erat Pr SP A rae OR EC CLC 47 II. Section at Fairhaven, one-half mile south of wharf. Feet. Pleistocene. Gravel’: Sand ahdielay chet cree eee eee 10 Diatomaceous sandy clay bleached to a whitish color, jointed so as to have a rough columnar appearance carrying Phacoides contractus (Zone 3, in part).... 24 Miocene. coidal fracture, carrying Phacoides contractus and bearing rolled and reworked fossils from Eocene in f | | Diatomaceous greenish sandy clay breaking with con- U) dowens226 feet(Zonevs.- in par)is «cane cee eee one 36 Calvert Formation. ~_ i] ® : > Miocene. 3 iS) Eocene. Pleistocene. _ iT Miocene 2 3 ie) Formation. Formation. throughout upper portion (Zone 13)........ 32 Greenish brown sandy clay bearing fossil casts (CAO Pre em coe tank ors cnn Gs hice Sain ceutank 2 Greenish brown sandy clay (Zone 11)......... 5 Grayish green sand containing some clay con- taining following fossils: Twurritella inden- tata, Phacoides anodonta, Crassatellites meli- nus, Astarte cuneiformis, Ostrea selleformis, Pecten madisonius, Macrocallista marylandica, Atrina harrisii, Arca subrostrata, Glycimeris DOURUISECCLO a (ZOMG w LOM nattccietelsisvesh tek cve. te a acs ah 6 Greenish sandy clay carrying scattered layers olaGonbiia elevata. (Zone) 9))\.2s.ce ens ss - 6 Greenish sandy clay apparently devoid of fos- STSea CAONGw OS) rtd cietariats alee arse oetahetsre clemson 9 Greenish sandy clay carrying scattered layers Oli COroularelevata (ZONE) 42.2 42. ee snake ae 6 Greenish sandy clay carrying large numbers of CORDIIASELCVALG “CZONeC. Oi ta oe eee 8 Greenish sandy clay carrying Thracia conradi (CZACE As SETH apy ce OD Or RRC tte ER RACH a Greenish sandy clay carrying Ostrea percrassa (PAC IAVEY “aS eet dst ie Pe aat ae ear ened EA ae Ree Sew RUN Bluish-green sandy clay revealed in well-boring CAO Crane ay Ay MIN) relies creme ei eke rae ocr hee ee 62 CUYUCOMITICM SAM yanGlavern c.disicctcin issscre el eeelo ee ARO bet ls pareest Met wuetena che Sie iat sucker a Clone AR Se On I 97 IV. Section 2.5 miles south of Chesapeake Beach. Feet. Mellowishesandysloamine 1... odoin ate nae ff Vellowssandy, clay (Zone 15)... oc... se. s cetee: 19 Fossilifercus yellowish sandy clay with an in- durated portion at top (Zone 14)............ 5 Brownish and bluish sandy clay containing im- Derrectstossil casts” (Zone Wy 6.22 sem wees 27 Chocolate colored sandy clay carrying imper- LeCtsLOSSIMCAStS = (ZONe ii2))h t+ aa asin cee eee 3 Unfossiliferous blue clayey sand (Zone 11).... £ Fossiliferous brown sand and clay (Zone 10).. 8 Fossiliferous bluish clayey sand (Zone 9)..... 3 Brownish sand and clay containing poorly pre- served casts of Corbula (Zone 8)............ 15 Brownish sandy clay containing scattered bands OreCornDwla, Clevata (ZOREHO)) aces oa aso eels 2 Bluish clayey sand carrying large numbers of CORGUIATELED GLU (AONECIO) mister pee. we ee 2 Bluish clayey sand carrying scattered bands of Conbularelevata-|\CZOne Dyes. ees ges dean eee 2 Bluish clayey sand carrying Ostrea percrassa OZ OTIC EAN sy atl eee eR eon ete Oc CR invslis Fossiliferous bluish clayey sand (Zone 3)...... 4 MO GES sy uadckar dnc Pte er ROMO NeRG Ke oid cose pols So ocar Gels evesenaver ohh 107 f Ox Hh eee f ————— i ES EEE AS payee es ee So | t MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY III. Section at Chesapeake Beach. Feet. MelLOWwASAnGvaclay «@ZONGE LS )i25 tos « sends ceerene 9 Mellow sandy clay (CZOne 14) os. oe sche cs oe 5 Blue sandy clay changing to yellowish brown sandy clay in the upper 12 feet, fossiliferous Ixxxvli Inches. Inches. for) ]xxxvill GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS V. Section one mile north of Plum Point. Feet. Inches. Pleistocene. Yellowish ‘Sandy loamy: ere cerlasiers seterern ie stone 7 r Yellowish Sandy clay ((4Zoneu5)eiaec es ceeias cess 19 Yellowish sand carrying Jsocardia fraterna (ZLOme LAD Pere iaislents Sater oatarais cus tevense ee sea eres fl Bluish and brownish sandy clay (Zone 13)..... 25 Brownish sand (Zone 12) Bluish clay grading downward into brown sand (OLA ay 0: fat) be) Ween ata eaiens oni natin SR tn rsinic ae 10 6 Yellowish brown sandy clay bearing the following fossils: Siphonalia devexa. Ecphora tricos- tata, Turritetla plebeia, T. variabilis; T. va- riabilis var. cumberlandia, Polynices heros, Corbula inequalis, Phacoides anodonta, Cras- satellites melinus, Astarte cuneiformis, Pecten madisonius, Venus rileyi, chione latilirata, Cytherea staminea, Melina mavzillata, Atrina harrisii, Arca subrostrata, Glycimeris parilis, ete. (Zone 10). | Bluish green clayey sand carrying Corbula ele- j VALE CLONE Oars Sieieve oinsrsr es etna eter nek iae teeta 2 Bluish green clayey sand carrying imperfect easts of Corbula elevata (?) (Zone 8)...... 10 Bluish green clayey sand containing large num- bers of Gorbula elevata (Zone. 6)e = 1.1 ol 4 - 3 -Bluish green clayey sand containing fossil casts of Corvuia elevate VAONeto) eee ee 3 Miocene. Calvert Formation. VI. Section at Plum Point. Pleistocene. Yellowish sandy loami amd eravielle. . scter ters crelecaeia te 14 Yellowish sandy clay bearing characteristic fossils (Ao) cen 0) ae poner nico Oe GO Ce ODD Cpt Oot Greenish sandy clay carrying scattered layers of Cor- Niki: GU bahiGk (WAGE Yan qucoean oasnabosoeo br oune4 2 Greenish blue clayey sand carrying few imperfect fos- SIlS: OZONE S89) sees Giles tales alos uey oie es nca teas Ore tere etn 10 Bluish clayey sand carrying Corbula elevata (Zone 6) ib Miocene. Calvert Formation. VII. Section one mile south of Plum Point Wharf. Feet. Inches. Fossiliferous yellowish sandy clay grading into yellow sand in its lower portions (Zone 15) 48 6 Brownish sandy clay containing Jsocardia fra- ternad CZOMC 14s Siro es ek a uaienteaois. ae elonovaeelcies 5% 1 Bluish clay breaking with conchoidal fracture (W/Aoy als ied lai) it hay te Rea ee EMIS o ciceoters Stiar a pd Ais il33 6 Brownish sandy clay carrying imperfect fossil Casts | CZomey V2 Pas Set rarcdeuereterenees oho are chee ets 2 6 Unfossiliferous bluish clay (Zone 11)........ ial Greenish sand bearing characteristic fossils (Zone 10) Miocene. Calvert Formation. =) a) 6) <6) Ca¥) oho) ee) | ule! selske les) miele lee ele aia pint el-s! Miocene. Pleistocene. Miocene. Pleistocene. Miocene. Caivert Formation. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VIII. Section 1.5 miles south of Pluin Point Wharf. Calvert Formation. Choptank Formation. Calvert Formation. ~< Ixxxix Feet. Inches. Yellowishwsandy clay (Zone U5). ..4.20). occc8 19 Brownish sandy clay containing Isocardia fra- LEETEC MUON E ELAN EA. eee tette are ths saves ols cloueus 38 canto 6 Bilnishs clay e(CAONe mela osc ste ocieteties auto tie oars 14 Brownish sandy clay containing Ecphora quad- Z ricostata var. wmbilicata, Venus mercenaria, Cytherea staminea (Zone 12). 22022 .....00.. 2 6 Bluish clayey sand carrying few imperfect fos- SHSpaCAOMEC Matas Seatac see eewtee einen ee 13 6 Bluish green sandy clay carrying characteristic RO SISHAISES COA on aWee LS LKB) jects evarteat ce Get pina ya Natta Oi eee 6 IDC) Teresi tock Oyen tah se ak Sa ea ots a PM 0 aye 61 IX. Section 1.5 miles south of Dares Wharf. Feet Yellowish: loam! ssandand 2ravelloa. as.ees oes Sa ae 30 Bluish sandy clay carrying TJsocardia fraterna CZONG wel aye eS cram eee amr A HOOT SS Sa Ea lieth ane eee Ae Brownish sandy clay carrying EHcphora quadricostata var. umbilicata, Venus mercenaria, Cytherea stami- 3 | Bluish clay (Zone 13)....... Se Oe ian ether ete ae e 12 MCC CLOME CA AN oy opt, Srcech deoceee eh es oho yan SNES 2 Bluish welava CZOmey Aas 27 eae sare ee ars Ate eer eet 8 ARG) 12 le ican Glens Wea Ler RAIS COENCOC A NERY ame DCRR oe Ai 55 X. Section .6 miles south of Parker Creek. Reddish Sand yew Oats. etree niin nano: Clerersherete (Reddish. sand. (Zone! 20)... ...0..sccdscl.s cs. Reddish sandy clay containing Balanus con- cavus, Corbula idonea, Astarte thisphila, Pec- ten madisonius, Venus campechiensis var. cuneata, Dosinia acetabulum, Cardium laquea- tum, Arca staminea, .etc., (Zone 19) ........ Yellowish sandy clay containing fossil casts (WAonaye Worle) Nettles 8 salar REACTOR E Lae Ro aac Nene me Yellow sand containing Eephora quadricostata, Turritella plebeia, Panopea americana, Cor- bula idonea, C. cuneata, Metis biplicata, Macrocallista marylandica, Venus mercenaria, V. campechiensis var. cuneata, Dosinia aceta- bulum, Isocardia fraterna, Cardium laqueatum, Crassatellites turgidulus, Astarte thisphila, Pecten coccymelus, P. madisonius, Melina L mazillata, Arca staminea, ete. (Zone 17).... ( Bluish ClayvarCAONnee ti) tisahs or cea aie cies oer Brownish sandy clay containing Jsocardia fra- | UPI ORON CATON A 2 (ES) ene ere ORES rivets Roane mai a oe a } Bluish sandy clay (Zone 13) © 8)(e\ a) af eae.'6,.0\s\imie) ¢) (a, 6\ 1a Brownish sandy clay carrying Ecphora quad- ricostata var. umbilicata, Venus mercenaria, Cytherea staminea (Zone 12).....5......5.. GEMUiShie Glapyam((AOmMer allt). eees ee ean key eae ace Total 4 9 “ 14 20 Feet. Inches 9 XC Pleistocene. Miocene. Pleistocene. Miocene. Pleistocene. Miocene. Choptank Pleistocene. Miocene. St. Mary’s Calvert Formation. Calvert Formation. GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS Choptank Formation Choptank Formation XI. Section one mile south of Parker Creek. ViGHOW:s ASA: wns rae coarn op awocorenenene bs shore rorctepsiels eecstavereiereieiete (fRedssanadCZone. 20) ae eae oek «cee Yellow sand containing a little clay and carrying char- acteristic fossils: (Zone V1.9) er vem etyercieiesces crn sete teete Yellowish sand above, grading into bluish clay below and carrying bands of poorly preserved fossils CZOne: 18) \2 oc entiatacs- taro. cekeveh area BN ener Me ee er eater Yellow sand carrying characteristic fossils (Zone 17) | Yellowish Sand. (@Zome Gs save nto reer cleusicieriesene siouel lew teee fBluish unfossiliferous clay (Zone 15)................ Bluish clayey sand containing Jsocardia fraterna Ht) —C ZOMG: GUAM em so cele cast «east Nene eeutils rece avoner iene Seas or ae Bluishuntossiliterous clay (Zone Us) eee ce eerie | Bluish clay carrying characteristic fossils (Zone 12).. XII. Section at Governor Run. Fed dishassndiye Wom naits Sri. cae stasis wie lay eter neta eae itera aushenanene [ Reddish-sand (Zone e220 yw. steers ote cheleleiessts oehabsve ie Yellowish sandy clay carrying characteristic fossils CHOM Soro sists tascan onnaslenevore Cher eteratone MIST trey ore cave < tae taneraoes {+ Yellowish sandy clay carrying a few poorly preserved FOSSIIS: (CZONS TR). cicsorere Sisco ere atelete tovevs isheuenaleletenete enatetene Yellow sand carrying characteristic fossils (Zone 17) EBinishesandy clave (CZOmes 16) 2 teen rerele sraterey aitel stern tetete Blinsh< clays (CAONG S15) sectsscoctcbore ecto orator chaise eeneieter reer |! Brownish sandy clay carrying Jsocardia fraterna Ws pee ONS 9 TAY a or cated Ghee Dose Mtn te ate win, Sipe im mtabae ooh dneete wee Blinisit clay, \CZomne Wai iiae ants otese eve oitclie eitells ote) cl aretelic i tsiehe dole XIII. Section 2.75 miles south of Governor Run. Formation. Formation. Reddish yellow loam, sand and gravel................ f Yellowish sand carrying characteristic fossils (Zone IV) Pap Rote Cnet hc On PPL OR ror Biot hc incre Gon coc , Greenish sandy clay carrying Hcphora quadricostata, Venus campechiensis var. cuneata, Dosinia acetabu- lum, Phacoides contractus, etc. (Zone 16) ........ XIV. Section at Flag Pond. Reddish loamesSandsam Gd) Sra viele eerste) ass leveye bette enero siete ( Prapiclay andesand sCAOM eZ) rrra ee ieletetekers tetera tlie rarer | Drab clay carrying scattered bands of fossils which | contain the following species: Balanus concavus, 1 Spisula marylandica, Callocardia subnasuta,, Car- | dium laqueatum, Pecten madisonius, Melina maz- | 4tllata, Yoldia levis (Zone 22)..........------22-e: l Drab clay with sandy bands (Zone 21)..............- 12 18 5 13 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY KCL Feet Drab clay with sandy bands (Zone 20)............... 15 [ Sanay clay indurated above which contains the fol- lowing species: Balanus concavus, Corbula idonea, ie S Macrocallista marylandica, Dosinia acetabulum, Car- q 2 dium laqueatum, Phacoides anodonta, Crassatellites Miocene. S § marylandicus, Astarte thisphila, Ostrea carolinensis, Soe Pecten madisonius, Arca staminea, etc. (Zone 19) 15 G 5 Bluish green sandy clay carrying a few fossil casts & GZ DD CRIS crs eer har eee ea area a MRI wht, gee Seip oda 12 Bluish green sandy clay carrying characteristic fossils epMR eC AEN) Macy Parte darn Sa Gia arate Wide chew 4 Whe Venere ohh wea il EURO Gel ert ehh arrora cheval rete Dainese ee ke 141 XV. Section at Little Cove Point. Reet Pleistocene. Reddish and yellow loam, sand and gravel........... 62 Bluish sandy clay containing 8 feet from base a 6- ‘ inch layer of fossils consisting mostly of Turritella DLEO CTA AV LONG 20) i cera eee Sree hous hk ea eee eee: 30 . = | Bluish sandy clay containing numerous layers of fos- : = s sils, among which are the following species: Bal- Miocene. S38 anus concavus, Terebra inornata, Mangilia parva, 5 Nassa peralta, Columbella communis, Ecphora quad- aD £ ricostata, Turritella plebeia, T. variabilis, Polynices | heros, Corbula inwqualis, Pecten jeffersonius, Arca LOONECE NCLGs RAC ZOMC> 22) reerand aezkaccsceks a Ren ad aes Caen 17 L PGUANC He caderenclte ts erste aatniee Sal au tOnth Seder ee mince 109 XVI. Section at Chancellor Point. Feet Pleistocene. Sad vae Oates. tea towwebeue Sone rste eee ices oe ae 5 ary f Bluish sandy clay containing the following fossils: tis a | Actwon ovoides, Retusa marylandica, Terebra curvil- Bs | trata, Conus diluvianus, Surcula engonata, Fulgur Miocene. & 5 4 fusiforme, Turritella variabilis, Panopea goldfussi, ra Callocardia sayana, Venus campechiensis var. mor- a £ | toni, Isocardia fraterna, Phacoides anodonta, Pecten | madisonius, P. jeffersonius, etc. (Zone 24)......... 15 OTHER SECTIONS. None of the other drainage lines exhibit as complete sections of the Miocene as are found along the Calvert Cliffs, but occasionally good ex- posures are met with, some of the more important of which are given below. | Section .25 miles below mouth of St. Leonards Creek. Feet. Inches Pleistocene. Yellowish Sraveleand =sandeigakt or cack ee: 18 6 Greenish sand partially indurated above, solidi- a 5 fied to solid rock at base of section carrying an | the following species: Balanus concavus, Pan- Miocene. 4%, 5 4 opea americana, Corbula idonea, Cardium <= | laqueatum, Astarte thisphila, Pecten madi- Ot | sonius, Melina maxillata, etc. (Zone 17, in A, FC CLE Rg rae eo ROME ER oR LY ee a a 18 6 x¢ell GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS . Section at Drum Cliff near Jones Wharf. Feet. Inches Pleistocene. Reddish yellow loam, sand and gravel......... 42 Greenish clay containing poorly preserved fos- sils carrying the following species: Balanus concavus, Panopea americana, Phacoides con- tractus, Cardium laqueatum, Pecten madison- ius, Ostrea carolinensis, etc. (Zone 19, in DATE) caress cas is wake clea ak ats wey ote Maan ere shee eves 6 6 Greenish unfossiliferous clay (Zone 18)....... 8 Brownish and greenish fossiliferous sand par- tially indurated above, solidified to solid rock at base, carrying the following species: Bal- anus concavus, Ecphora quadricostata var. umbilicata, Turritella plebeia, Corbula idonea, Macrocallista marylandica, Dosinia acetabu- lum, Cardium laqueatum, Crassatellites turgi- dulus, Astarte thisphila, Pecten madisonius, Melina mawzillata, Arca staminea, Scutella avertt..ete. CZone Lein Pare) monn cairo tre 30 Miocene. Choptank Formation. | | ROU ayo se hee Ais acer wea enad Raney ara cotegee 86 6 Section at Boston Cliffs, Choptank River, 1.5 miles below Dover Bridge. : Feet. Pleistocene. Yellowish sand “and Svavelswyecns «s-s.0ce « ere etemnte eestor 10 Baia and yellowish fossiliferous sand containing the following species: Plewrotoma albida, Ptycho- salpine multirugata, Ecphora quadricostata var. wmbi- licata, Ecphora tampaénsis, Scala marylandica, Seila adamsii, Cecum patuxentium, Turritella plebeia. Crucibulum multilineatum, Cadulus thallus, Sazxi- cava artica, Corbula idonea, Corbula inaequalis. Asaphis centenaria, Metis biplicata, Melina mazil- tata: .6fe. - Caone- 19. 1 “PRE rece se oe ciae's oes Steerer. 12 Miocene. Choptank Formation. = S ORIGIN OF MATERIALS. The materials which compose the Miocene deposits of Maryland may be divided in regard to their origin into two classes, viz., the silicious and arenaceous materials which are land-derived and the calcareous materials which are of organic origin. The ultimate source of the for- mer was doubtless the rocks of the Piedmont Plateau and regions beyond in Western Maryland and neighboring territory, but more im- mediately they have been derived from older coastal plain deposits; the one which enters into the Miocene most conspicuously being the Eocene. Near the contact of the Miocene and Eocene, a rolled fauna derived from the latter is reworked in the former and occasionally MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY x¢elll grains of glauconite, which were in all probability formed in the Eocene occur in the lower portions of the Miocene. The organic remains, which consist, for the most part, of shells of mollusks and bones of vertebrates, are usually in a very good state of preservation. They have been but slightly disturbed since deposited and evidently now occupy the same relative positions which they did at the time when they lived. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. The geological and geographical distribution of the species obtained from the Maryland Miocene has already been partly indicated in the discussion of the various zones. A more complete presentation of the occurrence of these forms is shown in the following tables as well as in the chapters on systematic paleontology. Notr.—In a few instances forms have been described in the literature as occurring at Maryland localities where members of the Maryland Survey have not been able to corroborate their occurrence. In such cases their pres- ence is indicated in the following tables by a * and a superior letter indi- cating the authority. Thus: »© Indicates an occurrence on the authority of Conrad. eee a 3 vs fled Li ox “* Cope. ae es + m ff howe S “ Dall. se 4 iN e ieee i “ Foreman. < TGpuaS Semin =O oN, emmy oh : > 7 MARYLAND GEOLUGICAL SURVEY — — LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. XCV ST. MARY’S CHOPTANK FORMATION. FORMATION. St. Mary’s Formation (?) Zone 17 Z 5 Zone 19. (Lower Bed). one (7) (Upper Bed). | . | a = | ree 33 | | ~ O\0 ( o| 2) l6 ao ra aE ol |e 4 s m call S33 Lz; = . oH © iy “ o 9/2)2 O|e O)2\% jas = Pas ils | fe] ls] = | |Z all sj Eas) Ala o|D a 9] [oo a le la 0} g/8 ° Ba : | | i Blo (1) ied ‘| abs | oO n= Q S| EE, Visi: 2 B | 5| b0 Ells) |4s|2 asl | (81 (ElaiSlal [ila] lel] (5 Belbl> ol isicles 2 eas [o} % ° =| | 5 om] es *| | av >| ie ao : Seeeies| | fl iedisl EiSeeaie! se Asal Is > SOO a sIsER EC SClwe ~ 5 2 Boo . = 3/2 ie} al 5\a] = 8/08) Ay Ay a, Ay o°D le Olen Ginlssrla| | ISaeele 315) \lesinialciss| BeceneatgieeFh ea Sat sfigacs Bg aelels WM SIS|\Si2 2S] qa eaiS|Si@a ais) PSA RS|OO SSi6 biclolPl> Ss Sh alsiolalalais PES SISIS So MIBlo ZISlo Sleaila/Slg/ Sats oS lala Tala slolals|sB\em Selgesiara weer leis e eleee= Saslsiae alee alc|S|SiSiEim gis 5 alslSeles ale 2s beige bale PraISIEI Ile le BIDS clolh oleae aialslalzlZaisicia o Foo |2/2—e/8 oo HESlolH Bossi sisikla alSlolg siktg SlolSio a Sraleloe os Jools 3| =| Oat O| S15 ° fal 4 FSi Olga El as|HlOlrs Bic & O10/0 asa lS Ooaic o'4 a ECaShiaeS AAR Cm ach OAC anae SE Siados =cc mae uo OonszmoE ar} waleelttleeleele sl et leele sie elecleeieeiesionie eclesle allies eee m na els ee ecleecele-lo | welee eoleclecleslecfecleeleclesieciecler eelecle Wiel 'sts|s\alavs[oel ate |eicl ciel sell ete|sietn easel valers}orel a eclecleclec|erlecloclesioe | heads | | wale elteleslesteelewleeleclewleeleeleeles|srilew weleeleclesleeleclecleclenlee| elt tieeleclenieele eoleeleeleelertleelecleeion Meee clot alpcloslools oloclooles|oetecle dseloslaelou|oclocloalaeleolesloclaele«]oe]scfe i a et a de Nie) ele Nal dlcals cle ctsclaclealecloo|seloolsclestaclecfotoclestecteslecteclos|aalestocloa|ecle calealacleelce letersi estes tecd Ie le ty teed ala c[stosleeloclacleelaclecteelosfooloolcaleclecloclechocloctscenpoalea{eclsefoe|colocd Bleafeclealecleclee walt eleelteleelewleclecleelsclevlesieelevissiesiecieriseierleeiesioeie. . Klecleclesleclerleslecionio sles seleelecleslesleclenlecleciesiee welt tleel tle ele ele wleowliosleeieoeionio . ee wewlewiee lee tele wlas . tle weele weleelerle wele *l#I* ewleelewoelew wale we wwleeioel ee waleelestecleslecleslacleeleclerleeleclesieelesieseeierleeles we selon . sles sleelee| se leeleclerlecle slevlecleclesiesleclenlesiesien wale tlerleeleelesleclealecleeiseleeieeissieslan weleeleeleeleelieeias . tlee are] eelerlee eels ee srleeleeleeleelerlee| & leeioe welt tlesleslecleslesleelselesieelesion eeles . eelee eolecleoe Slee ecole elesie . selecleslecleclee| se leeloe welerlesleslecleclevleclesioelecle slow eclesiecie elesleclocloclos sles ele sles . erlealec| se lecleclecleclecloe seleeleeleeloeleclevloclectleeleclesies solecleclesleclecleelevloels eles vole Jeele . a ee eclecloe eeleelects - selewiae . ere . eeleeie . * . | o. one | | | | of eeleeleelae eleee eo eele . . . ee ele se ee welt ele ele tle ele ele eis ele sie eiosissieosiesis tings wleele ee ee ee awe eeleele eelew ee ele . a fe . eelee ee ete e etme Vbale loslectoa|s<|oals alscle<|-cloo|scloeloele< Sal ealealuclselacloule alee eed. ie ae 1 Ft wale ele ele ele tle ele eloeleele eis eliseiosiosiosieeie el eeleeleeleel ee eels - * . ee wele . . . . Balt . ee ee DIGITS Pe es Fi FIST A PT edie: ld iad AY et ea Bo ay OG . . . ore . . pede ne of Ca 2s CHESAPEAKE GROUP. GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION. ' Choptank Formation. | Calvert Formation. | Zone 17 (Lower Bed). | Zone 19 (Upper Bed). | Choptank Formation. | St. Mary’s Formation. Hee He * He HEH KE eae. ete. * ; eile erteetee lend Cie oes ie eee be ee ee fic fees od Oe ieee ce ee eofoeterleedes Pag fee ee fee i erfeelorfoedee seler leader eeleelerlesd x Oe ee Gee eee ee ee ce ee eeleelerlee eeleelerlee eofecloelecdes Pa es ce eee * eeleelee * eeleelee re ee ee a He foclocloolee sefer|es * selectors - eeleele * eelee CO OF OU COD vee BCWOADouP wD > Ct C2 D5 ne ole st Berke. T own] ad 10 XCVi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS SPECIES PISCES. Squatina occidentalis Hbastman Raja (?) du# Cope Myliobatis gigas Cope Myliobatis pachyodon Cope Myliobatis frangens Wastman Aétobatis arcuatus Agassiz Notidanus primigenius Agassiz Odontaspis cuspidata (Agassiz) Odontaspis elegans (Agassiz) Ozyrhina desorti Agassiz Oxryrhina hastalis Agassiz Ozyrhina sillimani Gibbes Ozryrhina minuta Agassiz Otodus obliquus Agassiz Carcharodon megalodon (Charlesworth ) SECC Ca Cia yet ta Oi) /ewel owe im Ole (Oe. .e Carcharias (Prionodon) egertoni (Agassiz) val is Carcharias laevissinus (Cope) Carcharias collata Eastman Carcharias magna (Cope) Carcharias incidens Eastman Galeocerdo contortus Gibbes Galeocerdo latidens Agassiz Galeocerdo aduncus Agassiz Galeocerdo triqueter Eastman Hemipristis serra Agassiz Sphyrna prisca Agassiz Sphyraena speciosa Leidy .. ARTHROPODA. Malacostraca and Cirripedia. eeeee ARTHROPODA. Ostracoda. Cythere clarkana Ulrich & Bassler Cythere clarkana var. minuscula U. & B. Cythere planibasalis Ulrich & Bassler Cythere calverti (?) Ulrich & Bassler Cythere inaequivalvis Ulrich & Bassler Cythere plebeia Ulrich & Bassler Oythere plebeia var.modica U. & B. Cythere plebeia var. capar U. & B. Cythere burnsi Ulrich & Bassler ciel isie faleca iene Cythere paucipunctata Ulrich & Bassler ...|++|++}++]+ Cythere tuomeyi Ulrich & Bassler Cythere porcella Ulrich & Bassler Cythere nitidula Ulrich & Bassler Cythere nitidula var. calwertensis U. & B. Cythere punctistriata Ulrich & Bassler.... Oythere vaughani Ulrich & Bassler Cythere francisca Ulrich & Bassler Cythere subovalis Ulrich & Bassler ...... WiecurieCeceied isle, 00 0 6 6 8 ve ley LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. | Between MckKindee and Pindell. | Burch. | Blakes. al! eee e eee ee elesiesiceleeie-|o* CaCO aC at COM MCMC ROmC It iy rary (i ary toc) (Onc) eee e ee eee wo ow elesiecle CC ee oo eee eee eee ee oleeleris | 3 miles west of Centerville. | Calvert Cliffs. | Centerville. * # | Charles County near Patuxent River. | Chesapeake Beach. a | a a a *¥ PRE H HH Pe ee ed | 3 miles south of Chesapeake Beach. | 44 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. | Chureb Hill. LS q f=} =) ae Fe | = is) = a] | = 5 ® p=] So = S) ° ha oH F Ah a 0) = St q i é es g Bla) IE cr Rls Bole Bl 5} [2 eA als sls o o|4 == mH By) Sa |,S| A ©} oo (6) 5 BIT IBlo| -| Slay — — ale] Bolas slelola SALA ISIS ISI EIS Seite (ol Sos fs a a Ic Jo IN J | «lads o- Pale . |e] - “l#]> . DEM eH! | Magruder Ferry. | Parker Creek. | 2 miles south of Parker Creek. Plum Point. 3 miles north of Plum Point. ee, eee ens Ce eS Popes Creek. Reeds. Truman Wharf. Southeast Creek. | Tilghmans Station. Skipton. a Bee sie at oe oleeler Wescott Farm near Church Hill. White Landing. eleetes Wye Mills. Caivert Ounpy ( tl Calvert Cliffs. Plum Point (?) MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY xevll EEE GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION. LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. | ST. MARY’S CHOPTANK FORMATION, FORMATION. nnn EEE EEE Zone 19 | Zone 17 (Lower Bed). Zone (?) (Upper Bed). St. Mary’s | Pocomoke City Well, 53 to 75 feet deep. | St. Mary’s River. | Crisfield Well — (?) | 2 miles south of Governor Run. | Greensboro, | Skipton. t Choptank Formation. Choptank Formation | 2 miles south of Governor Run. _ | Nomini Cliffs. | Virginia. | Little Cove Point. | Drum Point. | Langley’s Bluff. St. Leonard Creek. | Great Mills. | Peach Blossom Creek. | Sand Hill. | Calvert Cliffs. | Bristol. | Pocomoke City Well, 53 to 63 feet deep. 2 miles south of Governor Run. Jones Wharf. | Mouth of Patuxent River. | St. Mary’s River. j | Centerville Well at depth of 170 feet. | Mouth of Patuxent River. | Mouth of Potomac River. | Point-no-Point. | St. Mary’s Formation. | Pocomoke City Well. | Chesapeake Group. | Calvert Formation. | Zone 17 (Lower Bed). | Choptank Fermation. Pawpaw Point. | Jones Wharf: | Flag Pond (Lower Bed). | Governor Run (Lower Bed). | 1 mile north of Governor Run. | Flag Pond (Upper Bed). | Governor Run (Upper Bed). | Cuckold Creek. | Cordova. | David Kerr’s. | Davis Mills. | Flag Pond. | Governor Run. | Choptank River. | Dover Bridge. | Trappe Landing. | Cambridge Well. | Chesapeake Group (?) | Locality (?) | Maryland. | New Town. | Maryland or Virginia. | Zone 19(Upper Bed . | | | pea Bas | | | eeleclee eelesleelesies oe lester eelee Jee]e sale . . .- * |. eslecfeclec[ecleslecleclecies soles eclecleslecleslecles . eelecleclesleclerlecle slesle elecles . * |. selecleelec[ecleclecleeleclecleclecle seleslesleclecles[ecleelecieclecie® . soles esleclecle . eels afeciee eelecleclecle Pe | « weleclenlec[ecleelec[eeleclectecieels sleeleclesteclesleclecls sleclee erleclecleslecierl|> . selee eoleclecleslesleclesleed & Ie . asleslecleslecleelec[oeloclecleslesle tleeleclee eelecleclecleclecies soles welesleelecleeleclerleslecis eeleeleclecle eeleed Ke] > welee seleeleelesfeclesleolerleslecleriesierleelseleelesioniesieeleeleeleriecievie® . stleeleclerleclesieeler| e leeleeleclenleeleclecietleclecls eeleede= . * selecfecleclecleclectoeleclecleclesleclecleelecieslealesiesiecios esleels welecleslerlecleeleelecleclerlerleslesleeleelerleclesloelecleeleed & celee SMe aele ele clayi we lacleslaclsslealesleslecleslecleolovloalesi(eclenloele sil ave} voll etell evel |ferelbeisil(e-6'|/a'w lie) oil exsil lei] wie'|(cla!l ovalt/eie,|(o¥=!|(alai|iavellieiel|iavall oval ate Nee sefeedoe sslecleclesfecleclec|seleelecleslerleclecleeloelecloolesierieriesieelesienl® selesles welealeelseleclecleeleelec[eslesiecl(erlecleel(esleoleel(eed KE leedeelee| ee selesfeelee| He leeleclorlerlecler]# |e slocleelesieclooleriesieeiesierleciesl® eels eeleclesleclecls sleeleeleeleeleeleclesl|eelecleslecle siecle *k I * wee srleeleslecloeletlesl|eelerleclerlerlesleelPeloeleclecieelerieuleelerienierie ele . . eolesle sleeleelesleclesleclecies ata\lete l'svail wdeed. eolee ecleclecl clesleslecieclesleciecleclecisslevleslecleciesles(ocleclesieclecies . oe Do Fa 0) TY O10] A) rl a! (Oe ool fered focal (se seleclecleclecleelec[eeleclecleclesleelecleclecleclecieciesiecierieeiecioel® sleclecleclec|ecleeleeleolecleclecleniee seleclecleeleed we [ee dewleedes eelealecleclecleslonieeleslecles|-cleslecleelec|esiasieelesiesieciesleciesiee on . oe seleelesleelecleelesleclesleclecies . ecleclecd HR lee lee |eelee seleclecleslecleelec(eeleclesleeleslerlecleslecleclesiesieel(esierleri(eeieele® eeleclecls sleclecleclecleclecleeleclecleeleclecleel(eclesleslesiecloot & eeloeles eeleclecleslcclesiec| Pt lecleclesiscleclscieelsclesisslecieclecieslecieoeiesl® eelecleclecles eleeleeleclecleelerleclesieciecieriesior ecleele Kise . oe selesleelee ge leelscieeleclesierlesieelecierlerlecloe| & leeleelerierieciecl® seloeleelecte sale elerlecleeletlenleclecleclerieeleeierierlecios ce a welecleslecteclesles[eelecleciecleelecleniecleclecleclesieelesiecieelesieel® ecleclecles welenleelesleclecleeleslecleclenleclerleslesleelecles Pa Ce ee selecleclesles[eelecleelecleclec[ecleeleclerlecleslesleelerleclesi(eslecier selesleeleclecleclecleeleeleclecier wsleclecfesler|sclerleclecles * Boye] fe selenlerlerleclerlec|eelecleclecfeeleslecler| ge leclecleclerleslecleclecieels sclecleclecleclecleclesleeleclecleslesleelesleclecierleclesleclecles * sola deoe weleclecleslecleslecleeleclecleclee|# lesleelen wsleclecleslecleclecieel seleeleslecleclecl[ecleeleeleclecler eoleclesl(eeleclecleclee * ee] & fee welewlesleslecleelesl ee leslocleslesl(eslesletlesiesissievierievisslevioeisel® tleelecleclecles eeleeleclecleelis selecleclorls oe . * eolestes eelecleclesleclesles| ee leclasleciecle eeloclecleclec|e selects eelecles oe . seleclecles seleslesleels eoloele ae ce eee os seleeleelerlenleelecler weleclee oele eels eels . eelecles oe ssleclecle . eleelecieele oe oe * | * soles welenlewlee|aclewlee| © leeleclecieeie® selesleclealerievieels sles eels eleclecleciecieclecleclecieolies ee ee eoleot oe losleoce slesfec] ela le Je (| QW]. .teeleelax sleelae fe clee| ae leclee| a] ele el x Ke leeleelecles ele . eelecleole *| Ble] RE] & leslecle lala la |B laeleeleefae [ele leele le clee| a lecleel al el ae) wk letlecltertes eeleel x . sleslec oe x1 *#/ a] | * se fowleelecleclec| ee leclsslecleclen selesleclesls . ee | et]. e}eelee slesleclerlouleelecl ee leelecleclecier eeleclecler|> sleeled we | tt eeleeles sleelecler[enleclec|eeleclecleciecies selecfee{oaleclesleclecleel ede | * [eeleelec slealecleelecleclecleeleelesleslecies eeleclecles|> clecleclecfeod | ee] eclesleoc sleclecleslecleclec|ee|scleslecieciec seleeleclecleclecleclcoeleeleeh & [et] eeleel ee eleele ele tleeleeieol ee leelesieeieeien eeleeleelesieoloelecisoloel * iJ ae eeles eleelecleelecleslecleeleclecleslecies eeleclecleslesleefeslec[eofeed & | to] eelee| oe sleelecleelecleclec[eeleclealecleclier weleefoeleslecleoleclee(eclead we | **}eeleriee sleslecleslee| plee|eeleclecleclecier welecleelecleslecleclec(oeleod & | Hl eclee|es slecleeleelecleelec|eeleelecleclecies eeleclecleclecleelecleclee(a pe |* | x fortes seleefesleslecleelecleeleclecieclseies eclecleelerleeleslecies Pe Oe eee ee ce selesteslerlesieslecleeleslecleriecies eelecleeleelsclecleslecleol( et me | ** ‘ere [ical are weleefeelesecleslenleslesleciecleclee eslecleelesleslesleeleclesleud e | ot feel eeles Seleele ele ele eleelee ee leelenieeieeieo welesreele eeleeleeleeleeleos * ae ee of oe eeleeleelieelecie elo e ee leeleciesieeion eeleelecsioa eeleeleeie eedee ae * of of seleeleeleelecleclenl ee leclecleelecion eelecleclecleclecloe oolade sTecleclee se epe ele ele ele eleele si ee le clecierieeios eelerleeleelesieoieeiesio eeodesr ns * ee . & OD EOD OTH CODD bet ne OOIDQO COD 1, shel Aaa ea xevlll GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. ll. Beach. SPECIES. f OO IO COT 10 | Between McKindee and Pinde | Blakes. | Burch. ARTHROPODA. Ostracoda.—Continued. Oythere martini Ulrich & Bassler ....-+--! Cythere dorsicornis Ulrich & Bassler ..... ial colciel vel tellcelelllec ttt ad et leetias a oe) tee eae Cythere dorsicornis var. bicornis U. & B. Cythere lienenklausi Ulrich & Bassler Cythere producta Ulrich & Bassler ....- eyes feline al pellee ec Cythere micula Ulrich & Bassler .......-- (lea a Cythere exanthemata Ulrich & Bassler ... Cythere rugipunctata Ulrich & Bassler .... Cythere evuw Ulrich & Bassler .....eeeee Bete EA Cythere evax var. oblongula U.& B. ...... Cythere spiniplicata Ulrich & Bassler. .... Oythere (?) shattucki Ulrich & Bassler Cythereis cornuta var. americana U.& B Cythereis alaris Ulrich & Bassler. ...... a a De Cytheridea subovata Ulrich & Bassler .. Cytheridea (?) chesapeakensis U. & B. Cytherideis ashermani Ulrich & Bassler Cytherideis cylindrica Ulrich & Bassler Cytherideis subaequaiis Ulrich & Bassler . .\++|++|++jesjerleejes|eefec|eejecles|eriesfet Cytherideis semicircularis Ulrich & Bassler)--)--|.-)++|)+ 5 5 Cytherideis longula Ulrich & Bassler ..... 2¢|b9|}5 4) 59] |e] (69) aallo0| ba) ot Cytheropteron nodosum Ulrich & Bassler ..)--)--)--|-+)+ | Mouuusca. Cephalopoda. MENT ALE UALS Use) RS LD wer oT isa. a) cha stia) siein el sileY s\ aire fasleve PS ealloe Gal bc nel el cl aa bol eo) oval al esol ial Rolsellocl ise bal eallecl ac MOoLLUSCA. Gastropoda. Actacon ovories Conrad! sc... weiss eis ele (e's Blind ealsal bd balpal baled ta Actacon pusillws (Worbes) ...........-.- Ae | Siel[ansl| Ste Actaeon shilohensis Whitfield ........... Balsa od bale Actaeon calvertensis Martin ............ Sys [esall aiel|ocan| eel Geel tefoll iss ne face | svet] oxel| reid eveil yett onc sreil oreo vei] ys'l aval veil ate MGLawld 400d CCOMEAG) | (eo eie smite ose) = cans his <= Bolbol ballon cab nallbe F Salada sil are Volvula iota var. marylandica Martin ..... Volwula iota var. diminuta Martin ....... ie re salute Volvula iota var. calverta Martin ........ a E Volvula iota var. patuxentia Martin ...... ane Saale Retusa (Cylichnina) marylandica Martin Retusa (Cylichnina) conulus (Deshayes) Retusa (Cylichnina) subspissa (Conrad) Cylichna (?) greensboroénsis Martin .... d R ald Cylichna calvertensis Martin ...........-. . Terebra curvilineata var. whitfieldi Martin. |:: i Terebra curvilineata var. dalli Martin... Terebra, curvilineata var. calvertensis WGA A sy Soe saogsdogmoos 00 eee ceeeles Terebra (Acus) curvilirata Conrad...... «+++» ; Terebra (Acus) sincera Dall...........+ os Terebra (Hastula) simpler Conrad....... i Pra fa Cl al | Balla ballon as hellaa loulpal, Terebra simplex var. sublirata Conrad. . .Jeejeels-|e-je-[eeJeelesfesleejecleefee|ee|es|esteelecleeleels | Charles County near Patuxent River. ; Chesapeake Beach. | 14 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. | Calvert Cliffs. ) Calvert Formation | Evans’ Farm near Church Hill. | Fairhaven. | Wescott Farm near Church Hill. | White Landing. | 34 mile north of Governor Run. | Wye Mills. | Hollin Cliff. 12 miles south of Parker Creek. | 8 miles south of Chesapeake | Plum Point. |3 miles west of Centerville. | Church Hill. | 3miles north of Plum Point. | Popes Creek. | Lyons Creek Wharf. ; Reeds. | Calvert Cliffs. | Good Hope Hill. | Magruder Ferry. | Parker Creek. | Southeast Creek. | Tilghmans Station. | Truman Wharf. | Centerville. | Huntingtown. | Jewell. | Plum Point (?) | Friendship. | Skipton. * x [ee HK! THe He * SC > GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION. XC1X MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. ‘moneMmIo0g 8,Arey “49 | EEE gO eee ee eee a eae te are SE p geo Loe Sa eee rar ‘mOlyeuLIO,, YuBydoyg |} MAE ee ee ea ee aoe : ee ee eee ear *-(pogq aodd q) 6T eu0z | ae ins Cea ROE RES : ee ent ae *(pog IaMo'Tq) LT eu07, | SECM, ae ee ee eee na Ee : ee Eee ee ey eee “UOI}BVMIOW YuRydoyO | “HOTPRUIIO HF JLOATBD | He. RRR ERS HOR RR RR RH * ENE ak ne ee Pe Pee ne ener er oy CUR” Sia clone Oly "BIULOIT A ! * kee # % % * * Ce PEO Omine Ta So oa area Dinan an panto “SHMO LUTWLON | SRT PO RENEE TR Pn : ee a ee aaa “BIULSILA LO puvlArey | Pe IR ee ci a eT ee ee, Tee ee eee ‘dnoiy oyvodesoyy | GeoC Sec Oe mE UME! Sete ate ee Ames : MORSE hee Dawe oe TEAR Pete Speer Bel Sia ‘TOM AVIOD OHOULOIO | siig llsita Me suis Phone Lats Cees ee amact tees ote amee ES . POR Cie UPON): Nene Hobart Smee el cats ‘UMOT, MON | BEes Secret swiss: Evite Piste tae cums see esmna ene re : iets ta alla da! eee vorclrats fallets STE rons oho urstien ang tel stets ei ctee *puvlAreyy, | CE Oeer be Bie Crt Rois a a ee Deer SA g Quine Secs 5 eee aS mie COT BOLD. Here ree tos ceebe cee (4) AJLLBOOT | et Pe tbe eee CECE Le Re OniecE fees 3 Reet es te CI Se eras b Cr are cui et «Rie cae (4) dno1y oyvodesayy | Eee he areas Lema uban bei paantde ytsje Rear katana meee ae 3 PRES mc Hece Om SOO MIN SOM peat MiGeciet Leet ohare "TIOM VSPLIQUBy | Se ate ete Sea, WMA: CEE Abe eromAne : EE lot DDE nee per mean at Mens Se oe Bere CHESAPEAKE GROUP 4993 OLL FO UGdop 48 TIO M BIT[fA19}U9_ | ate A eI ae. IEE TREAD Im ICE Ne Ce OS : CRC! OnIv ater PO MOR Toe peace Ga mans ae (2) “ISATY 8, AIBA “YS | RD Re eee ee se Se Pe ere ee : Sia tes hs Etats carole csiiabais tine Whe ieteaae ou anttetets ait aiaicenua iat arene Neto woptiasog | “IOATY JUexnyed jo yyno; | Bae Sr Lar hy Aiea ate ee a hy arene eee c Gia eo CRO OUT REDE ORIG Seiatin 6, abe o- oe 8, Arey “48 TI9M PIOUS | AES ne oe eee Coe eee eae 5 See Ae eee ee er ISAS aco Mea a ue “TAATY S,AIBW “4S | oe Ie Cae Rr ere etc aw Out at Dem ¢ pee Ane be Sata ye feioe Oot oe oe - eR OF “‘doap Joog G} 01 €G TIO M AJIO OYOMIODO | re a ea ee ee ae Se ae ee os ny “doap eos £9 03 EG "119M A4ID OYOTLODO, | COUSINS OOS E vce tens Sean ce eosin misnmemteonts : Bile nis rein ot tetera ra mistaie], Yet ahae Playa cate steieeias Aguas ee “gurtog-ou-ulog | Bede Cp omc SLO mre pOnc t OMOEG plo las0en : Gabe ENON ONONGmD AO: tO Omeno Son bec Ore RIP} *LOATY OBUMIOJO JO YANO | ites uley Rewist Note vallMonoiei Nel omivtomteu cnvomoune : SESE Oe eect Camm. Qmene clair creme Gor ostr ace OO aS “IDATY JUeXNIe JO qInoy | TEGECep Rogen ar bch Berne apn eee : CORRE H aL SEED IGaS a Ameen ere Go a pte “STIL 3BOID | EE ee eee ee ei ee en eRe ah : oe Soe evens nebese tel ei ea ive eh eimeeere ae 2 Fy “ENT §,A9,S9uvyqT | EOD cn Sec oaae le Ot coc erent oo koenee : ie Toit saab Wn erases eer choses sas a: "yulog wuniq { Tee eee a Saas So ad Se SARA eee Cap Nai SEL See aoe eee oimer ie “‘quIOd 9A0Q 91341 | BR aoa Geet eee ae ee eae : Bela, ae ite 3) AE ci tae Wem ae a ee cm eae {So ED aa a PA Eo ERE. Doe eS : eee aE ae Ono aes 3 (2) uoIyBuIO YT YuRydoyO “TOISIag{ | Fe Te PE Oe AT RLS ea oe RS os aan ae ee ee “STITIO JAOATRO | SRE ERED E hee omc es eciee Oe One Ce aa eR SO OND C een ORE mee Oe “Burpuey oddvay, | GEE Soh a a Res : Poi. ee eee a *TILH purg | Ee ak ee ae ene : e-icN Rrier re Wierinaaae brian cadenenece nn “yooiQ ULOSsO[_ ove | en et eae eae Coe ee : SINS Deen cence ees eee ‘UN TOUIBAON JO YINOS SoTTUT Z | SO a ae eet eae eras ; : “(peg todd) uny Loutaa0y | SOOM ace Cio eOR ACERS. clammy tc SOR DNs Coe OO OE ate ACO n Oo Oly Gay SaGLu ‘(peg todd) puog sei | SE Eo eran, ae ae cminaee armen Aaa Oe Se apace ne ern cy woo Geo. we Oxon Zone 19 (Upper Bed). ‘adplig 1dA0q | tune ayerwib gue sls Mfor ual cre aden st ey aOaiiey enti dete votes P Ber Omar ce en Somer juan oC = Omen Oe 20 % *IOATY YuRIdoyo | AS acta ee wea EN Cegr eee ENept ; alan ne a nom oea Dac ee ER om ee | “mod AS | nn ere rae ee E ae el oe he Rel On eam RACAL CH ore Bi *OLOGSUBIILD | FO SR ee Oe a. Oa ee 2 WES b a Loni ten aN eR ERR Semnee In a na epaaer a oe ‘uny IOUIBAON) JO YANOS SOIL Z | Sr a ee CSO ees eens ee : 5) S/S ERS Unsts hs orale aratice te Ts iawn ct areas Motes 5 a) ‘uny LOUIBAOXN) FO YI10U JIT T | ATES REP Ree Ae cae ne SRL eee : ae an ee eric nt itn: aia oe Bae 8 a Peele “uny LOUIOAOYN | De HE ena Pe eer ers ee neers A (A eee ee a eee Seo e S *puod sv | sib gaatariatees okies Mama ries sete ie ciate Eis sevate Gin pastes tee : it tol arte vale e Dati ote teem OL ONG DEO a oe “STILL SIABG | Seine Sesmicn porte eter sc eric c ame m ce Cerine ‘quriog MBd Meg | Et ea Senet ee ares Oe ere, eee ; Siticaece he unsikee ene “JIVIM SoOuUOL | ei Uae Mowe che aces ies enneee a hide tats . Be pikomsaks dtiorenete tone ‘unY LOUIBAOYN JO YINOS So[lLUI Z | Sag testes scotia Baleac otk peekten ro Bis eu siale ius sine ben aiew ; eae te ape tewae *(pog IoMOT) UNY LOUIAAOY | Si a SEE LE a Sean me ian chs baths is : Rak eee *(poq I9MOT) puog seq | BOS INS SISCEE Ege Satanic Whi cite Mints sus é ; *yYIaT PlOYOoNYH | St te tari oN aa ieroa bene aval eck 0 eaSe TY anes oe 4 4 ie EB ‘Ss, d10 yf praeq | Pe svarotlk otra seas is Maeeibae spliemts, be de cu scion nsMhala outa . PE CR SO MO Sc. Oi 2 : : 2 : : g : : 2 ° “"BAOPAOD | Pe Ser ky Eee Dee eee CEE EG 0 AEs ey Ce eae ee IO SO to onsen o 5 BS *1aM1IN J, | Rg Anes en oo Ben en Le ren oe Me omens pen . sibel s sue uedee oe eae es obi Biemstes “yood) paBuody “9S | Co ene ae nrg me oN Ba ep Magn PCL 5 Eee oo pen ae ece Ee SSO. Dire ae ee oe Zone 17 (Lower Bed). weleeleclerion seleeteclerlen seleeleclecles stleelecienl se Cc GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. ey Tee ee a SPECIES. (?) cote) ele) 4 PS gOS EE APR PD OAL | Parker Creek. | Church Hill. %4 mile north of Governor Run. Hollin Cliff. | Southeast Creek. | Calvert Cliffs. | Centerville. | Skipton. | Charles County near Patuxent River. | Chesapeake Beach, | 3 miles north of Plum Point. | Popes Creek. | Reeds. | 44 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. | 3 miles south of Chesapeake Beach. Wescott Farm near Church Hill. Calvert Cliffs. ( Calvert Formation White Landing. Wye Mills. | Evans’ Farm near Church Hill. | Fairhaven. | 2 miles south of Parker Creek. | Between McKindee and rindell. | Plum Point. | Blakes, | Burch. | 3 miles west of Centerville. | Lyons Creek Wharf. | Magruder Ferry. | Tilghmans Station. Truman Wharf. Good Hope Hill. Huntingtown. Plum Point (?) 5 | Friendship. MOoLuusca. Gastropoda.—Continued. Terebra (Hastula) inornata Whitfield Bod oc ad Bel ec! acl he Bel bo Go Seibel fel eelled lad ec lee ac poloo lee oe es|rcloclso) Sa faa ailsc Terebra (Hastula) patuwentia Martin . ... .).i)o.|2.|o.|<-|oo{oe[oslectoc|osfoctestenfoclocles|es[oclocleo|arclea]oelectealealoeleelee|meyaal eens Conus diluviaonus Green ..5....sie.----s rate calicrallccaliove | exe fre) arailye bate ore lerell sec letetieveersfisva| fara] mvalf orci] steerer chal otae] te rate] call oem ea eee ea ea Conus marylandicus Green 2... eee ee eee ia sta | bral eve |ode'|ara pove [tail ots ore acell saclote fare ste sre flotei| ace ote otal orafsta see Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) albida LES, Once GEO Orb tae DeG RL PL ir Ne 58 co od bo (ao od oo ae! ha odd Ge aaled Nclecliad ao Gabaogibcscied clad Golsclesncliclic sols. )s Pleur ees (Hemipleurotoma) communis (Orn aig Ks LAs Sea a REIN Cte SG Dicken OnE A A eA Ae eo) aol en) Selina se Bel Ale) 9A Bel melo ie foci Seller odliscienlsiacieci!s Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) communis var. protocommunis Martin ........... Pelee Oe ee os ool Goleect od Hiei Gol Aci dol orlo) sl isellocs tselace alloc yt Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) choptank- | | CSS ELI en ate or ciegel ce ga else oyatele| oa cielo BS) 6d so Belied bale cling Salta sel Be be loc bel Oeil iocd Malaolae oe) beraciiyct alia ols Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bellacre- | | NALA CONTAG.- 22.2.0 ceesecececcc ence sneeecces: a cfeialarthora| a c}o aipars| alefeved elcllbgate ale alee sidl asal ara bacaltare tec} ere eb ecaliage lee Mens tee fee ere siete Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) calverten- : BUGUNUA TEMG Teper Giek wie cnet ote aie duciegel a ehsseneistenell 60 Se lap adiag bol ad ec| hl acl Beas Bcligd ian onao aden sclodad on sliactiac'ss\aclodl at! scy'o Surcula rugata Conrad... see eee ees w/a ee] aca ea]ain| nicl sic] walacc| orale cl wcforalsrcloa[ecapoalciel=-<| stale] 5] cltaitee| Geta eee ae Surcula marylandica Conrad ........eees wal sialestoie}ota| aie] selec level scfne|iateal crelaraloalioay sel [are] evel eral eva Qiare eel ete have bors [ure] eee erate Heyes a a Surcula biscatenaria Conrad ............ aiallieve| fell ove )eve|inial| ate] erelofal| ols fate ofall ate leva} sia] evel ete a-o| lal exefaial e ohetey ate oe Surcula engonata Conrad ............00% S560 Od bd 6d ool bo baled bd bo Bd belododed sq pe! bq Ba oq oo eclon a Surcula rotifera Conrad «2.2.2. cee ere Seal ea atefere lass [e'el| ea] bal ciel ete ore| Oa arcleclecalselee[urc|oeteetesleclealmele . Surcula mariana Martin .........--+-e.-| malealsaleataels vfs \, AG Ne Mangilia parva (Conrad) ........-..«... ealere bales - ole ae Mangilia parvoidea Martin ........-..4.. Pale slealoatas|solars|nalealecloaleclen|metecleslociedjectects Ae ee Mangilia cornelliana Martin ............ SHecleeloales[nclactoales|scfoeloalceloctasled|salsclaeloels * ; A Ball Mangilia paturentia Martin ............ Oslo cle slealsictectorciee|ae]aelectec Abe : Se ladise sshoalmal sre Mangilia (Glyphostoma) obtusa Martin £1 cl es es Ses Poa a Pes wale. *|- 5c Py PS it Drittia metlifera (Conrad). «2.260. ss cc. Se aleaicaleatsaleeterste srelaa at Be AG Fic Drillia incilifera var. angulata Martin alee eal otal eel ee Drillia incilifera var. distans (Conrad) We dU a 9 RO Tk | bral aiell ea Driltia whitfieldi Martin ...........2-02- al Srallarals olve ere taste eral oie ell Se | are orc Neve | et es2] onc cosh allyl oe ee eve | orators ate te etl one Drillia calvertensis Martin .............. Bd a 50] bd be 60) Bo ho acl eo 6G] sl odlog 6d Aa Aciod se econ bo ealrleges Gclsced dis -ilsc DrithialimatulasConrad” occa eleccewen A dd 6c) Bole Gol Sal ba! Also! 65) iso) sg) od) oo) Oo a lel lod eekon ca joi fea loci (a va Drillia limatula var. dissimilis Conrad E ale zs Drillia limatula var. pyramidalis Martin slecleslecleclerleclee ol ae tee Drillia pseudeburnea (Whitfield) .....:.. seleeleeleeieels | : . Cancellaria alternata Conrad ........... celeclecleelee| ale clenleolee| ge leclesleclecleclselocleclecloclooloel ge losleclee Cancellaria engonata Conrad ........+.++ seleclecleclecleslaslecieeleclenleclaclocleclacleclectecle # Cancellaria lunata Conrad 2. cece eee eee leet tee tit tfetiteleefeefesleslecleslecleclee cele eles Cancellaria prunicola Martin 5 Ate ee SPS 8d (0 od Gd (0) od id) Bid) 9d fa) ro) ed sel oid od eel eo) eid fo eis Cancellaria reticulatoides Martin ........ salecleclee eeleeleeleleelecleclaclecleelecleelecleele Cancellaria corbula Conrad ........seee- Aa lbo ha)o> bol oo be oe Ga Ka baloc boss baba oa bullos Sele sleet elee eelenleeles Cancellaria (Admete) marylandica Martin.|--|--|+-|-+|++J+*|e+ s+jes]esfeeeefeclee eeleefeelecfecfeclen[ecleeleeleclesealeeieelesleeee Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) perspectiva | (Clareudsy 3 bh ass carats ile Or cite yen tS iokcas seleeleelee eel Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) biplicifera (Chores |t 0 ey eae Ca Seine Oe Seb eck wale elecleclealeclee seleoleoleclecleclecls Cancellaria (Sveltia) patuzrentia Martin eee ee Ore off cee clef cla etal sisi} soil fe =t=l>1=1 fo Ostseesube pvt cr Geis. SD mia. Se gu SRN cte Ia ch Sutera) Oo MMA IE crass Soret Reems SuRCRNUD Ses CIENT unto mn ea tent =e —__ *dnouy exvodesayy | a Pe ee oe nek TIOM 4419 ExOUIODO"” | _ Sats st te : 4otes ; Pine SLO gee en ee en neater i mae re Soman enna Sid ete: cate cera yegae *puvyArvy | er ee ae aoe ee ee ee ee ee ee a eee Pe eek cnamee a Ne peere (4) AjtBOOT | EU Fe ee ee NE ee eee oe (i) dnory exvodeseyy | eae es Sees ae eee ee Peet ae Rn Eee eee ee “TOM OSPTAQUIBO | ae Wea a Ce a ee ae ee ee Pe ON a SE ey ReneS | *q003 OLT JO UIdOp 9® 119M OTTTA19} AD | eee : : See ne (4) ‘= *IOATY S, AIBN “9S | * rem ee <5. a dd “(peg to euo arate er nan Sac OLS O OL ec On errr sha G ac Sesieca beaters) me eect Pa cheat Zan “UOI}PBVOIIOYT squwdono { (ped O) 6F zZ | 2 = ae *(pog LO9MOT) LT OUOZ | Ce eet ee eee, ee me, ae HOW Mig Was a Hanae colt ee ae LBs tae see x * * Sa *HOMNBMIIOY JIOATBO | AO ea a ea ee ee he Cone ae Ae ee eRe xe HDR % eee esleele . . . . . . . CHESAPEAKE GROUP. i | | UOlyRUIIO,T ~“ToATY JuOxNged JO WQNOK | Ds S03 TESTS TOS eka Sac Rae obo a oe ee oe a 8 A418 “4S 119M Pleysisy | eee a LES rene eec Bae oe CO ee rias GeO! CECU Em Ey Dame Itet Gue aueaane ce Ub “IOATY 8. AIBA “YS | Sr ta Me Ml SER NE OF Se OE Gp : Sean es A Re OR PRS ica Si terri ula aS ere Ie uae eg ar coat *doap 109F G), 01 £9 ‘TIAM AIID BHOUIOVO | pte as tp : : . fs 6 eC ete ae ee ee ae ee ‘ oe et my|_ ‘doop 4093 ¢9 04 89 ‘TI. A919 OYOMIOD0g |: es CSE a Pe eR Ga ere es er ee ei aE Or ae: HO "qUlOg-0u-4uI0g | : ie ee ee ee eon ae seas 46 “IOATY OVULIOJO JO WINOW | RES ee Di bd OR RE OEE en ee a ICE RAL ee Hapcelens As ‘MOATY JUOXNAV JO YINO] | RS bay Sey A a ea ee a a a ee eee ee eee lege af SU eo a ed a) aa ee Rae a ee ee Racer ee eo oe Se [o} — is = = _ _ TO fe, EDM ae Open | 2 We tes eas Bice ay SO ET WT) eee me Grioi toe: CLC Ot Ae ae oe a Le ea ae ae eis en OE ae oan eS ToT COs MEPS CE t Hl | ay nt ny mE nO eee era, UR SORE a Er ONT OUT gE ease Lara SE Sone uonemz0y Hueydoyy "1OIS!1 | fe Ea ei Sle aes ae Me a eRe er are SCE erates cinerea eer a ysors we me scens a) ematire SAE ho ae Ses Bree aes ee ee co a er ee a oie Bae “SBIO I1OATBO | PO eS Ea ee me eee ee ne ren ae mens a eres nodes “suIpue’y oddeay, | Sao : : : : aia OR OMe TROD Tk eC Oe Cin Cc gCaCSOnaTa TO OTE TO : Per ceecn LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. = (053 Oe T= 1 ee ee Gen oe roe em ne a Oo EoN ao Inara arena acer nnnOoao Mere pupE rem becrG Sle oO HOO) ULOBROT GU OUOR, [eu secs cits onan UR GU oe SSE Ne, Sa eree ga aL mge In SUS eee Te Se ope Bae on "UNY AOULOAOH JO YINOS SOpIUT F PRIA: Dy ae a NR A eT BS Ee ee eee TREES TS ys ee ae “(peg todd gq) uny rou19A04 | Sa bietisten pRsteeelg bu G SiBger gah tarioe StS, igh Toate strat Taluieu ieiwra erste mai eh nur eiiesr mes patol mg Rehave Rail k c/a Ae ma aS OC NA ‘(peg todd) puog 3x | Soper Sell ee NS REN OAT RoECn oe hae GetRnEOne anna on cnoe parti oe core Sci ai cmimores bp FOS DITO AOC | nam ac Stuy MEMO NN PS MIT NE NGia tue ena ancee Sire senn Seeks s ERGY GS Fy 0 (6 COQs (0) He Se nn ann Be a Aare - fit 2) m0Vd yg | ay Rie Re eR ee EES set 3 *OLOQSUBOIY | ee hae Sear Gees eR RAS A = ‘any IOUIBGAOH JO F}NOS SOIT g | Sy Ga ie ee Re eR Paeess a Ss ‘UnY LOULOAOH JO 4j4L0U O]TM T | cian Sree eee ass ROSECE Beene won enn nears : ee Lee ae Fe S “uUnY TOUIBAOY | Pn Sei acer ce APE See a ciketacint hee iat etme eie LTA tes fs 8 “‘puod Svyq | Tepe ee eee ee eee: Sy eo ag a SI SIN STAR | _ are walt reat 5, "S110 Prarq | he : i it ce ee ee nS oe os e *BAOPIOD | ASG ee er eee SUieitueaan Ries oO Ss *I9UIN, | FANE SE eatmate ote ae eae a *yooIO parvuoeyT “4¢ | Spe ins Oe ne Sees ng ‘quiog MBdaeg | TA aw oe tee ahs MN ie See nine eee © ty ‘JAB 80U0L | Me Wee os) ee ae x 1% aE Bo ‘uny LOUIZAOND JO 44ANOS Sa[TM ¢ | FIRS eee sie ees apes Bee Ni “(peg 19M07]) UNY IOUIOAOD | ote is Sy ee eas Shiota leks is “(peg I9MOT) puog SRV | MiShoiin, ek Boek ads Sa eae *yooIN proyong | oP RFS sr Sa ee eran cll GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. | Charles County near Patuxent River. | Chesapeake Beach. | 3 miles south of Chesapeake Beach. | Church Hill. SPECIES. | 8 miles north of Plum Point. | %4 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. | 8 miles west of Centerville. | Parker Creek. | Calvert Cliffs. | Friendship. | Good Hope Hill. | Centerville. | Lyons Creek Wharf. | Magruder Ferry. | 84 mile north of Governor Run. | Jewell. | Hollin Cliff. | Between McKindee and Pindell. | Bureh. | Blakes. | Evans’ Farm near Church Hill. | Fairhaven. | 2 miles south of Parker Creek. | Plum Point. | Huntingtown. Mouuusca. Gastropoda.—Continued. Oliwwa itterata aamarck .. #2... 5. ee ess Bc] @iclindl bs ian] dole hal Solio bral lool bel oe (ed lod Indl bale lac OUCOOPTISt Martins) cng .s ols hts ol ois sree ees] Sialictel Gees Steller nerelene sya ars] aveil avsl| oitleve level quatt ore e'vofell ete [inte here oe Marginella minuta Pfeiffer .............. Sel Bclloollsalaelbe etl aallod eal eel Pal al Relat ota ellaalt ol eal lezen ic * C | Truman Wharf. | Wye Mills. | Skipton. | Calvert Cliffs. | Calvert Formation | Wescott Farm near Church Hill. | Pium Point (?) 5 | Tilghmans Station. | White Landing. | Popes Creek. | Reeds, | Southeast Creek. a . . . Marginella denticulata Conrad .......... SW Male clestotbeloales|cals sleckocleclostselestanbdle dl@eles FeslOnle alia: eels enya aaa | diarginetia caivertensis Martin .......... Baloo] xd lod! 6a oel bal aallsalfaa od] beled oa iaa loa Balc|louecles) Scaphella solitaria (Conrad) ..........+. Be A Peel al eel eel al el vs]e-feelee]--f>- PAA isal dla lets | Scaphella (Aurinia) mutabilis (Conrad) ..|..|..|..|..|..|..|..|.-[.-1.. Scaphella (Aurinia) typus (Conrad) ..... sielllare!| avail well aifas [ecallge [eee ct] scala el ocafonlecalarcticcsl ane aelee| colarehoralcbilioe [are cre acheN lett ator etal saa Scaphella (Aurinia) obtusa (Emmons), .. «|..|e-|.2|.clesleclec|=alecles|oclccts «foslocleolecloclecleslecloaloclaeleclontocls olecle cleclecteainmiee Turbinella (?) demissa Conrad .......... Pa (Fe Fe Vs See Pe Ue (Fe ee Fe ee Net ale lsat acl onll Scaphella trenholmii (T. & H.) .......46- Scleclaw|slepleclostosles|ee| sa euleslerlecter|seleelee| seleclepel et eels tere eral eel or ata eel es na Mitra mariana Martin .............2¢.- cAlelealealacdlocloebenleslealee|sa| selec ache leelodieate clon ese eelnstentee ee nel a etae aa eee Fulgur spiniger (Conrad) var ........... Rl el aal Bit aol cl acl Sol clan Sci ieal bed ea ag er della seis aclioa tol sialon) salaslbaltia lee! octal cn tle. Rultour fusiforme Conrad 5... .....-.-- Bic ery A Fe Bo) aol bs et) a al eel nig et ae ioral Initia) alec aoe ac oc a sclicalae/ oa looiledsclatloc| kos Fulgur tuberculatum Conrad ............ Be el 95) ro oe) Get ral a eo es Gel So Sea ect fed tel ac) a A el ional sed eet ool eelsaociselbaladiesisals 0-0.) o 0 Fulgur coronatum Conrad ..... Sood Shao Or [cleave ove'avall ocel|wsestsielfieral| ell evel|srailieral exe feved ove etal] sell eel ace ssellioys [ecaltesail's->' ae iote | yal peeks el cae ae etn eee a HULgur COrOnaHUM Var. TUGOSWIN TODLAG 5.52]. .|.2)5.\e2| antes laclonlose|enlec|eallecstelee|= sll ce [en|eclerels ele} sei ors cie|ee|ecs}e ot «+ )eceles) ania Fulgur aiveatum (Conrad) ............. acs oolbidl ele lela oll 4|balleclien) oollacllad isc lodied on eabealléa!adlledios Lirosoma sulcosa Conrad .....-...0.6.65 aol sie ssei| easiest eee slo Peco ye toan Have level saeslcretten el sve isve Letra fered erates [ave f'etetl wae Ohrysodomus patuxentensis Martin .....- Fae Keel oe Fans a aca HSL DR Eg Fe yt ae bl a aa Paria culos deel del ee eee Buccinofusus parilis Conrad ...........- Ao) (ere (ka acy esl el Oral Oe lool solatol ee inci lo aol ae Pelicslag tae) acl Sollaalanl gale ISalby!oesc)/s.a) 0 Siphonalia devexa (Conrad) ............ BA Bal el ae orl ol tol etal eg [sal sola load Maso bal so bel del elf el lo Siphonalia migrans (Conrad) ........... Balsa Sade bs\salocodioolbolbelodiss aa esloataskc|sd Salen] os Siphonalia marylandica Martin .......... Pr FP Pc a Fete ste ed est ced Ma Te I sa la a eT Miphonalia (2) calvertana Martin |. oF... le locloloelec|nclesleelacles|eeleclealsetectaclesloclastestes|celeedis oe ee Petal Pisania (Celatoconus) protractus | | | | | (CONRAD ene css « ° Hic dud Beno GaoT Balloo Rest esl tol el ES estes) ASI Ale SUS al aie ley ea ae eh le ile alla elle Ptychosalping altilis (Conrad) .......... oe a ael| S| Selene mie fo eile fll re' fe esl ene feted creer ee ere dlaye bape eta cote floss iacitteranl rele sifeeece bec a Piychosalping multirugata Conrad oo. ces {eclocls «|eelseles|erclacl><]>clealeelecleziwctacle clecle cle clea|sales| selleclechec| cel eel eclee| stefan feta iat Ptychosalping lienosa Conrad ........... AA Ad ee 9a] Bollea eo Sct Ae) es bec Bb! loa be Sol fs eelieal ae braves) ecliae ies ng ciel ealise ler|ociadlioaiies) oo =: Ilyanassa? (Paranassa) porcina (Say) Wassecaluertensia Martin... . «+s ceca cs olecledleslosleclsclollcaleleatoaledloatocleclodlosloclacleclesdacleel gel eal IS\o: oe] S31k. (aay aman NGSSO;GUUETNAtTOTIG MATIN. ain 0% o's» we 01a) |e AA So) Bal ol Ba ae eol iol lanl etol sol aod Odeditc ac bo feels seraclectod aelerlleolicdl adllacacifoctoc! Nassa trivittatoides (Whitfield) ......... wiefis slla.oi| salle gee] se Levelliovelliele'|ccollove ene erate ere'| bre le «| ecclopalteral| ive wcttase [tere lleva!| orell orale oll ats tel are etal eemrean Nassa greensboroénsis Martin Nassa marylandica Martin’ 2.050.020. ccc. 47 a 8) al ool Retied) ai oetlad Hea) So) no aolad bal Se Sale ecleeligclise sc oliaa Aalealacligilialistcllcile coho INGSSG PeEraleg: (COMLAG)! | Scjeic le iste: shoo os ielelee Be fad esa to) Besa) Gea lad| 94] 86) 6cllaciae lod Ad be Maleaeal en clsaliceivaliea Goliad Gallo sali. 6) Nassa perattoides Martin ........-.5.+ + salovellecci[e | siel| ate lelel| scot ore | nsell gel s etl cael ste [eral oiel|era Pou|pecel occ creme ite) ae etal tel) svaltceel evel letall om fete dete me TIGHT HL PUOIUGS SEN POA One Daan cera a Ooo Ps Fed De pe PP et Pea RN Ba Dee ieee ales ell Buliiopsisimtegra Conrad ........-s..0.5 peallterallaxallls el atellteccelieeallayel flora eect larell abel fovell sks hetelltets Bulliopsis quadrata Conrad ........2,...00- pal hoca'llaratlasell love Uatenf are | niet | eek wea eres lrese ers lene | ove eeaillavad Gall oro | eal fetal Bulliopsis marylandica Conrad .......... Bras ret sexi ted ccolf tet] ped atel| veil ces| settles evel ace EN aoe sce ave tots spe) Mae Columbella (Astyris) communis (Conrad) .}.-|.-|.-|--/e+|aleeleelee[eedecdecdende Columbella calvertensis Martin .......... Sale| callaelotalen selene Murex (Pterorhytis) conradi Dall ....... BS Sa Be Bolacles oe) hel Halal nollool se besaa Ballad bol balls aisdl aay lac Dyphis acuticosta Conrad © .........0.<6 aialiayell ote fell oce| ote lese hacell etoile | eral neil cee ctoate bevel crak cy: | siclleptvece ees ic Muricidea shilohensis (Heilprin) ........ Sabalbolpclige| balou Gs! hollbdioc|palligealcd|iaclaaleviisalls Trophon tetricus Conrad .............s. salloc|ojaallea|bclaal a. ad|aolpaieecllodiod oclisdiaelaslRa Bellsellselis< Trophon tetricus var. taevis Martin .....-. Sal Bd haba sol bel Ga Sel Molerl alee os| Moles bol eallael sel eells atelier “Ue Cth a CR eT Trophon Chesapeakeanus Martin .... 2... clerlerlecleclecles|esteclec|ecfeelecfec{eclesfeclectafesfe ets cfaolee! a ip Mas Fa a a TH ADA DRinGeO ODO ROO nea ened Telia Mole Baba Saig bei pial oul Bol valoofeafele ole... . eee Clll MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DASH RNAD HIND POMONA HIND ORSH LNDWHINOWwORMS NH IN GI ORSHQOIWIVS SBSSLRRSPLLERESZKSRAZRSESGSS SSSSSESSSSSSSSSSSSSTARIAS Bh cn en eB oe of I oe fo I oe “HOTYBULIO, SATB “49 | RS FS eS eS He KEM HSK = * Cas HET RHR HD RH OR He HS uolyeu10g yYueydoyy | Wars Sir oie site at vegies ule Wis) come sala ope ce eh telat hea cembe A ACh Oden licomrEnr ia? Cie ters ke Oa G:C oe “(peg todd q) 6[ eu0z | ee Ge Cte ab Be Sl ee CE cay fet iets OE NOME ee Syed eri She man Sp ep o “(peg L9MOT) LI OUOZ | Me Rea SL ae ean rsiniss ei ae oy vere a eae torres) asp a ee acaga ee lat AM cca jolene Maine tne ths Matar fel oan Smtcuacn Teas * ‘nuolyemMI04 YuRIdoyHD { *UOTJBUIIO, JIVATBO | See TR OR Sa kc, Mae ea eee wey Wasdale SESS ON vies ne ee ac Se eae GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION. “BIUISILA | Be ee ee eee ee oer eee re Mea SCY reas cree mOn oe cr Orbe Heel So we Geb. oog 4 “SPO IUIMION | an anand eae ie Ee a eee ne ae OCC Ses Dan OEY Os DeBoer ore ae: 5 "BIUIDITA 10 puBlsrey | Pe ae BOM er emma ieo aoe a enue RAR Berrian re Guid. Coven tems Some Po mre reat? Aer ees ES “dnoiyg syxvedesoy) CR an A er eee eee cn SR Serta (SS Co Ge Hare Ao Ape Bote De an olga eres 3 2 = ‘TIO AZID OYOUIODO | Ge ESOC ER ES oe GC RUE pane SONG Gon) WL Bubeeeeovo! Gapibeg: Gebenkun ao plbae 4 ‘UMOT, MON | SR elec esM cabal cio) Ln Un else seals ei slilg eine hie Mepis cus Gea Motta lulis tsi ceMnetasiotnis mavaotatemrstaeiiaihcer a cik sekem sikrsiity is its a “puvlArByyy | SE OD Gas SO ESE Eien ons Rae er COR ree eMC i map ciernine mac Gapieyc S| (g) AJI[BOO'T READ Me rome Ome oteriry Perce bern RE ee DAC mast eG SOUR E Fit Bei Oe: ce oo eo tain oa Ae Reet ge mons 2 (4) dno1yg syvodesoyy Se ea eee Se ea eS Rian MER ere Tai See ece GMO. AMM CO tAutOm. GOO B "TIOM 8SPTIQULBy | ee a eS ae ons Ser Coes a Paes RRO ROR OwOAO NTS RO Nol Geb SRARGK GB ONE *yo0F OLT JO UIdop 3B [19M STIIAIejUaD | Se ee ORS Gel nC MR Orne char set etal s Aes REMAND atee GLADE ROSE CMC RING 6. IPS ney PUM (2) “IOATY 8, ALB “9S Ea aR eee pile Se ae eae ne “Pe ai mse Ia ee mere UMN CUNEO SOE oY Geos Gebacun se worrnanxoa 4 “IOATY Juoxnyed JO qINo}| | APEC REO Cer wna e OEE Ne Det On Gurmmnnse a ime pre Genre OL CLO GNUEG.. 00s BLONEES GOs s,A1Bvy “49 : TI9.M PIOUS | Se ee. CEO np eee ie eC e LPP ep Ih nied. Ger nintach Gr StOoeeOs O5O8OkG 5) Sate j “IOATY 8 AIB]L “39 oo Le oe Eee oe Oe oe on * x : 5 * * * * * * * * * * * of *doap 409F GL, 01 EG ‘TIAM AID BYOULODO | Si cae ESE ae ee aa aa nee al a io omen CeO eae ca Gd. perea ee ~ *doap 4095 $9 03 So ‘TIA. M AJID exOMOD0 | ear ee EE ne oe ee En ieee CMTE oNokar og Ben Saab “gulog-OU-4ulog | ERE Rea rs iene eee Le a eae CRT Otc Ree On ol Baer: one “IOATY ovul010d jo mnoy | Ch LM Ct IC ik A TICE aC tL GML Dt Sa EL i Cin ma aL a iol mA enrectmtin On Ciba act Co Lilie Om Omi “IOATY juoxnjeg jo qInNo;K | Cima Im On Ima. Ga ia Cue CMEC. ADEE) BOE Gn DG CR LL LE Ct Gn SEL, CIELO Sgn Ly aC ie, Cer mn rmnn eS “STII 3BO14 | i a ee ee Ee ao a er ee ee “pul, 8 Ao, oue'yT are ercm DEE CH Ck, ESE ae Tomine Celocd tae eee ESA OE Arr opie Oe eg ba ged Gln aes ‘qurlog wnid DRA e CNA S On OnE ane nte sii so Soe pac atince OMtr OmO Ge Fe Gh omde bs Bors *JUIOd 9A0D E1911 | ea Ee Eo ee Se ee eS EO one gee {sia | ie aaa eer ee a ene eee a ee SUEY CREE RC MELE a an ieeA! Olena L RIS ST. MARY’S FORMATION, () uoyeMmI04, yuRydoyy “Tosa | CO en Hn aa SI a ee ar aki ORS ORD RON AOk rend erie PRUE OEE tN PAB Rr EB "SBILO FLOATS) Feo a ee OLN Era eS ROR E ee a oe “sUIpUBT edde1y, SEL peer pitas wl AU Lee aa OS Ce tO) eo eo ES cana A Bea Gn lee IanO aL UG pears et rere Nei Shree bee ee mere. © "IUH pugs | ba isi ietilatone’ teks! alas te wen teiaies cole ciu sisal leila wave telah selenatl s smalamte altel Resellers wtel Sovatellr oye Mone Mt cafe acacia ames Meh to tsar mmSies! *yooi) WLOSSO[s] YOvod DED CALE DIREC OOD EDO On UCM Dn Dn Ln a CO OO Ba OCD OND LO UO cy On Oe Op, ROO SMUT LO MAO MOND MOLTEN BOTPU |. ths ir Gee suse ein seer ms ke Seta ae a tos clan Me mest Oe Eom een cue A UC “(ped reddy) uny IOUIBAOY | EEC ke Ee OEE Rea ay onan ER a ee ROME iar Gi WR EI lO SoC iy CTA ENS TS Ch RRO OEY Oh ee Oe TO. ‘(peg todd) puog sey q | ee a ee ee ee ee ee ee ‘asplig 19A0q | CUR Da HOA La Pace Dien yee CMa AOn Pichi acnon ota.t TmOMo Soce SFO. ab CeO ge p. OO oNS “OAT yUBIdoYyD pele hegre el Leg ean megder cg wae Se GL SLL ne TOE On IO go OS u0jdi xg | ELS aaa PRE ee ee a Re Ee RR EL Pee Re IG ere See Be 8 ee “oloqsueeiy Sc aera SS ean Soe RSLS DE RIS ORO OSE LE Saray eae LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. Zone 19 (Upper Bed). “uny IOUIOAON) jo qinos so[rur Z | Teale Die ae See a CL Lc ILO ae PT OL GG) SU LL DO Ea On RS Ie OL Lian, Ompchm or o* Omang ch aaa ‘any 1OUIOAOH JO YJAOU O]TU T | eS Ge aa a in OT iNET DOs ao UO a De SOOO TD Aiiths/aveluyNo}5) || 1 a Se aoe en a Cr nC Te hea ee aC aT aa CaaS “puod sey,q | cintieth tei Sus bivekw ute seeel seleen ets casts MtsutMonaioeaer ladace eunerite Oey De cath ry cme ee ten Oud Senne deo- pe 06 o Me “STI STAR | Benth Geka SOO os Gene. Gu TRnOnnte te eeu Damo corkage Siiis estoral ial ais toxeiials ratelsyrcniite wre! eter acsmlsiatedare Mechs tunel eek sigs *S.119y PIARq | Ss Cee as Salth non Copies Coll Ben oe Tatiey aD DeuS HUGE mr DE each en ere Gamat ORomn. TO Sod *BAOPLOL | SL IRIEN oon Me musts Mats ete eae tie Wein (eay esa oars SRN te te Ee Ce tine Diet oe ome. 6) it art *rouIny, | Eri iat ae Ga aC AL Di CL Ot it he a na at GE US i Pa URE Om DGG, Wome TO aD "YoorD prvuoey “4¢ | ee Se ee ee nee ee ee eee en On eee ENN a Ter arom rae “FULog MBd MB | Herc Boo hepato, SOMME a perewT na Ute en ench fem Lorca a oe acne Sint om eiie Des orn a oro boa ‘JavyM souo0r | Bbc ee Beth 00) Urn nC seee each Ku cna ere er eee Peed ere an es Nearer a fut Deon tt eo OMe “UN Y LOULAAOYH JO YINOS Salut Z | Pek ou Mot Sra Sta Seal apes ies VS ibe *(pog IoMO}) UNY 1OUTIAON | REE SSC eas a nen Re cree meee “(ped IIMOT) pudg SRI | TRL SM RROND SOG T REL Omt maa aeTNE wa FeSO eicere) prloyony | 5 . : B B CE £ ST Lee en. Sealer sree abe mie Le eta: : 2 Zone (?) CHOPTANK FORMATION. Zone 17% (Lower Bea). | | civ GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. SPECIES Calvert ae gee ( Huntingtown. Magruder Ferry. | Parker Creek. | Jewell, Reeds. | Charles County near Patuxent River. | Chesapeake Beach. | 14 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. |3 miles south of Chesapeake Beach. ] Between McKindee and Pindell. | Chureb Hill. | Wescott Farm near Church Hill. | White Landing. | Bvans’ Farm near Church Hill. | Wye Mills. | Fairhaven. | 2 miles south of Parker Creek. | 34 mile north of Governor Run. | Plum Point. | 3 miles west of Centerville. | Hollin Cliff. 13 miles north of Plum Point. | Lyons Creek Wharf. | Popes Creek. | Blakes. | Burch. | Calvert Cliffs. | Centerville. | Friendship. | Good Hope Hill. | Skipton. | Southeast Creek. | Tilghmans Station. | Truman Wharf. | Calvert Cliffs. MOoLLusca. Gastropoda.—Continued. Scalaspira strumosa Conrad ............ He Fea eo fee P| oe al ool ol ae eed | el eel ad od Micl evel WA sel acl Ses etc lle bs tloct clio i Urosalping cinereus (Say)? 4....-...0085 valeclectocloalosfeclealertesleclea[estactocfoatestocloatsclactacloa|oelecleetee ee) ee Ekalae aetna Urosalping rusticus (Conrad) ........... Sate aal eee : File Eephora quadricostata (Say) ........... Fl el eo io) Gol belted) oa) bal cl el be) acl oclod lad elec elec) eel bel exalt Hephora quadricostata var. umbilicata | (Wagner) 1... eee eet wee eee ne ees aol 7a] 8] Bel eal Past aed ial eel cl onal txel bella scl lel toel ort Be a Bel ol Be el ia se joel cl edt iecs (Sedlocl: Ecphora tricostata Martin .............. BAIN Be : ie colcalodeclecleelesveel eae Ecphora tampaensis (Dall) ...........-. 0 0 ft i Di nel a Oa Fd pt Patna he ical a acl lea lie Coralliophila cumberlandiana (Gabb) ....|..|..|..]..|..]..|..].-|eclecle cle cleclecleclocle. mA Moai ali INCALONSOU ANON Malllteine seis asc cideie cee a cose Bae Ree Tne ign tes el Vet a tbe valli , Scala marylandica Martin .............- Sleds ate Deal eae an ality ileal ae Scala (Opalia) calvertensis Martin ...... Reales g fall eal f Scala (Opalia) reticulata Martin ........ 8 |i oat |e i | ale Scala (Opatia) prumicola Martin... 2.6... s/o. folssleclocleoleelecloafoalecfoclcatesleolectottectealuctecleclactale Scala (Sthenorhytis) expansa Conrad ....]..)..]..J..J..]..[ec|ecfectes|eofeclactecleclectectecteatectesleclecte ele ss Scala (Sthenorhytis) pachypleura Conrad .|..)..|..|..).. stace[aedlecal sh cc [azsba odors {af sells ol Ue [oc Sl Se ec SAB Tee Tete eh Eulima eborea Conrad ...... 20.0 esses vaootaalestand gifocto ale al ge|oMLeafemta eletors|aeaice feel selicslcgslind ie) aul eert S| leat A Eulima laevigata (H.C. Leay ........-.. wale loefealoapestzelesteala «{ cola actoel eateoleatirs lafetelic Te giles tees el eal ck fos] cast a te jana Hulima nvuigrans Convad ........20.2-0- Bol Sal bol Aa ae ool oc sol Sel ectice alorlectisalac oalicdrclecllsalballed lac poles|iesieataclioallecth alls. | NGSOM EOL CONTAC c-loy slernere.e 410% «1 she ores a | sre oval se eccsfal| Os ore ae [ges eal eI as Ses] esl tes AST || PG Fs | at Be Odostomia conoidea (Brocchi) .......... Med Esail erat cts fora es ers Seth ses Sos [ace fell ret oe nee I ges er eee Tos | ae eet oem Odostomia (Chrysallida) melanoides (Con.)]..}..|..}..|..}.-Jes]seleeleclececleo]>s[eclecles|-- Odostomia (Hvalea) mariana Martin ..... sisi eco}f em | eie!] svcil 6c] ere =] sos] ie 2 svel| oom nce'] ePeil cn eye flaveil'ore'| oxo] are l eve oveecol| ene bere have] ate [ete lfors lieve erat ate ete! Sent oeeate Odostomia (Syrnota) marylandica Martin’ ©\.-|s<]5|- =] fe-|>clseloc]: eleeloslocter|ectoc) ee] shor) ers |erita cl eel isedere tare tellers | bre | are here ere are eee aes ae Odostomia (Pyrguling) catvertensis Mart, .\s-|s5]5=|<>[ec]s|a-|eclecleelyalecleclowlecleatecyotelen les cl ol eel agille cl etelerele elles] re lee ere are |e tte Eulimella (Anisocycla) marylandica Mart. .|.-|..|.-|.-|e-|--Jee|ec[e-[ecleelecfes[eclecleclecteclecdenle-feclecles Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) nivea Stimpson Merten) Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) nivea Stimpson | OLN se Cte reais foley eae ~ehhnr Shc tia fot elie -aiceoersatate orate thy eile’ | See] eae [szetbere;| ore] oval| etsil-ace:Pace!| wom |(neol [mga etal otet/eter| fe sjesleelecfesleeleeleelesleelee lee Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) interrupta (Totten) |--l-<]-]- [6 =| |ec|os|ee|s-[oc|melac|acfas|acls°|oclers ole a|ern|oe|qe | ams «lise aot Turbonilla (Tragula) gubernatoria Martin. FH St Po ee Pat ae Fe SAID Uae PAT alc a level brall ees 55 Tritonium centrosum (Conrad) ......... Se eb ve Pyrulaharrisy Martin’ 2 sc ss +5200 5 cess Bol Col pellsa|eoeatsallecll cllgel Salle nlicallsal bia Meal act Atal Fie |Salfoel[oxc|e [> lee CASSteiCHClGtT@EOBREAG <2 dec wc giaeed td Cares tleelecleclerleclecteelecleeleefe-|eelecleclee eelesieeleclealeclerleelerlesleslenlas Brato perexigua (Conrad) EA Sart etnn Ove. atelier @ veleefecfecfecteafecfec|ecfeclacfeclecleleafecieefee elects c[ecfeelaefecieeteelee les Seila adamsii (H. C. Lea) COR agi NEM eRe Bas OR ES Sol ecioal ool eli 4|[orl acl aclesieaiioalls ale cliselio.g jae) malic! en! ASAP Ne tO ac lscttoclloc Cerithiopsis calvertensis Martin .........|etlecfectesfecler|ee| ale cfecleeteclecdeclecleeyecterieeleeleefeefeela lect efeete ete. Cerithiopsis subulata (Montagu) a ee isi etal oxal| (oitel| ional] abet| tetin’ltwte frotat | nceel eae lcaliel | uirei eat tiee:|twralf wis | oie! aia L's rad hovel Platte fae fimietl i Fe) Goniobasis marylandica Martin .......... Sa ol isaie5\oolealloclosiocl Gal salon el Malle) oollecod cel aallsdacliact!-c. > 0 Caecum calwertense Martin .@........... seleelecleeleet ele rlee wole else [eelerlee weleeleelan welasleslenleelenie .- Caecum patuxentium Martin ee ken eee ele ele nlecleele ctor] ele cle elec[eeleeleslerlerleelee welee eels on Oaecum greensboroénse Martin .......... seleclectecleclecfeclee cele elecleeleclenlecleclerlecleelee|. [acleelesls . : Vermetus graniferus (Say) wus Saves. eore seleeleeleclee| ye Sie Seg ed eal ett cee orotic Tala *| ss . Vermetus virginicus (Conrad) .......... Bele hcl eclod oe bce adled te bal eel bel Ba Baad pele eelea feels al: 56 E Nurritella indenta Conrad ...........:.. seleelecdeelecle cle slae le elac le eleeleeleeleele cle ee eel xe «| ae} > | ele ele |e sels Turritella aequistriata Conrad .......... Sol 60 balou mal ba] Beancton lea esi beled oclloe bel oc AN Fallr Seaediac eles Turritella plebeia Say Bye boy Sot AI ere a on, Ce = 2 56) |5| Mol ero) bial doy | acted [esl peal lan) anloclodiisalodlecidlealisellealaell-all: efeolee| ele eele Turritella variabilis Conrad ............> ell sens] eval eal Spa etl te ts [sce Less il re'l cca [evelfavel| eal ect ctdees fee Neral ove beet Seas alate ole = Turritella variabilis var. alticostata Con. .|-+|+-Je-|--|--|.-Je-|e s/o eleclesfee{e ele ele ‘| cl e\el\s-ls\e|s~| eles «|| scale ollerollaral ia Amalthea marylandica Martin ..........- 868) 6) 5c) al el eel ec Sa ero fore! tl le eee ene oid scl oe Bal iel Bal Golec|ealisalboloo|nelloc|sallss!! “ Xenophora conchyliophora (Born) — < ... ..ahe.le-ecletes|eeiac|e ole elenlenles|eolss]eolecleelerlae|e * Polynices (Neverita) duplicatus (Say) .« «|..|.-[eslecleofeslesleste sleo| aleslecleclecleolesle ele os Polynices (Lunatia) hemicryptus \Gabb) .}..|..J.sfeclen|--[e ols [eel ae] ae leclectes|eslerfaclecleclesleclsolen| se leelecleslee[seleelec|s-]oe Polynices (Lunatia) heros (Say) ........ a0! 106 1d boa fs eel ee oo Sollad cialis) lod adi les!salldo ballad ellen) soll s|ocigm [oulleo| olloation|[eoi|e = * * * SIGGretus fragilis Conrad, Gs: cis: cicie ose os odloalad ae) bellba eel Ad cola Gallo clei dol locl=a aa halaaiiseioalbcalts Calliostoma bellum (Conrad) ........... eed erel eee eral toed cea sc cre eat oedema] yt) Calliostoma philanthropus (Conrad) ..... selee}ecleelene Calliostoma philanthronus var. .......5- 85 Be be 60 el Oe bel 6a el a ee be 6a ea les da lac Ge Ag be) ele aol Male sollsalisclisie) bullsciectacils.c}la 0!) - Calliostoma virginicum (Conrad) .. «oo. clenlesfecteels-loo[oe|-|e)-]ee[e cle clef aleclec|ae|ee)oelecloctoo|scle ole cae Calliostoma distans (Conrad) ........... 5 bo algo) Gel 6d be ello eel 6 ao! 68) se sel aac on ee) ae delodiissl nol palos|oolecligcliediioo|jsajioe)l8\>)[a0)|- - Calliostoma eboreum (Wagner) ......... voles|ocfealeofes|noleclee! ele olecleclsoleelonlesloolsclecleclecteslesleelee| eilem[e clo ols ol skle=} miele etme OCalliostoma wagnert Dall si... 0.062s% 000% ell sie fave ecallece]| rel me Sea ea avall ovellecetheisit axal eval| rel isvel| ecatl ave | eis'lleunilevettirs Calliostoma aphelium Dall .............000+- Scllod ballad Salsa galore] an ells ool ealbaled aelbelaoeellool eciocioalbaleellcdllaciocllssjied Calliostoma peralveatum (Conrad) ...... fil 55 sel oorod ad lol aid) ed! rc aig gl og) dio) lod oo) od ad) od ac) oo boob) es\lbc}lonlioaliocl!n Calliostoma humile (Conrad) ........+.. Braid So] acd ee fd) Isl isial excl aol Aa crcl Srl lersllodl polldel loro ict Ino lncllacl salle Calliostoma reclusum (Conrad) ........:. pool Gs ladliad! Sci es lanl ad lec) leg mallet ee) oclledod pci pi) Sa Sdlontisdlisolestlocibac|ioc Calliostoma marylandicum Martin eee ee eof cle cloclecfocleclocleeleclecleclosioelecleclesleelecleclociecloe| x looluclecie= Calliostoma calvertanum Martin : a . ee elt ele eleeleeiesieries eelee * . * . e Temostomananwm (ea) ........-scscce seleclecleole Bt) sole selee Teinostoma calvertense Martin .......... seleslecleele * * selec Teinostoma liparum (H.C. Lea) ..... swwelerfeedeslecle a +|% alee Teinostoma greensboroénse Martin .... ...|esleeleeleele o . tees Oochliolepis striata, Dally) S25 ts. 2 cs cles © ale salleellediaalls a3 |x|. voles Motleriaminuscula Dall v.46 cee ee a cee seleclecloolecle sfeel Fissuridea alticosta (Conrad) ....... 2.0. Astoclled Balad) ad a oo) oon! bullenligia loniioc lod log Io alles [eal dlc ol lec! lacie Fissuridea griscomi (Conrad) ........4+ ad bolod bo bc Ira ba Bel Sa bo rallag Kol sida) od eel biol dle dl lSalfbato| on |l-llecl alle: Fissuridea marylandica (Conrad) ....... Be el FPR Pel Fe ey Pm PF FR FF ee eS ge iS eel best isola belleollad [ell xdilecilolloc'- Fissuridea nassula (Conrad) ............ elecfecfecfeclee[ecleclesfeclecleclecleclec[eclecleclec|ecles|ee|ialesiealecfecleelectec|ee[eclecie ele stes Fissuridea redimicula (Say) ............ BO Balog eel Pe Bd bo aloo lec i lao Belloc ec ae Gc eel eo allen! eel helsalegisa Baleciad|heilaa| les ocho (c Emarginula marylandica Martin. ............ Juve vfee|ec|eclec|ectes/ssesfesfeslssleclec[eelea[ec|eclesfec|eclesfectecfesteefeetectseesfesteeie els MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY evli GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION. LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. a Sr. MARY’s Pans) ANK N. : : S 2 GROUP. CHOPT FORMATIO PonMAtiow ES CHESAPEAKE GROUP P | Sat 3 Zone 17 Zone (?) Zone 19. Si 3 (Lower Bed). (Upper Bed). Bs aid, [2m g 2 o\o 5 | aa S Pip Pa | : : : | 3\2 io a 5 es 5 5 Sali = g am Ee = BS sic 3 a Six H Sle a HH .:| lelo Pa | als Bie \3 2 g SS) els o| |p 5) Sale BE eelel | | | 2 B2| S| | i! 6 ~|.|. = ele — . = = A . & Si oS Siaels © ee] ey | Sl IS | 2 Aglg! slg 4 Ol! | [ad oO ple |2 ors We a9) (22! | le) ja] je CaF | [els le /5 daS v oe s| (Sez Silay tale ae IE | Uieiity SB arlisy Sia ialal/s 4S l8| 136) | [al | Sel | SESE! Ela, cs] BSHEESLISERES | | Berle VElSElELE OF sae a 3/Sla] | (2/2 bl sialo] jela] eas BEARER Cle i5 he ee PCR SRCE! | eesFesis) Ham sl2| S| ca See a COREE lellscs| lasisictl (5 aiciale HO S13] | JoSSaHiB olo] Ila elelolQlalSis! |Siciolm alu wy esl a Pe sed d= ec SIO] fe JAI | 412 BSSSEle El JcaslSiots cael o sme] Boas o ace rie [SiEIPS Sie ele/elelelald| = =la| Sle OM AIS alS15)2 5 mM Rlo oid|S Sle Meola eleSlnlolaitw Saige a tieis|ols om Sea siS a1 bio els 4 gp OLS O| CVS Soo olan Pls 0/5) /Plad 2 mlolslalSislolSiklmals § Golo Sisiy Siete 2S Pip lolaiPlarayo| ojo) els OO EPS IH BIElElalela SlOle OF als a|slalalc|Slals|2id o|5, 2 -n/o/or ale B/E SS AIES/S/A/EI MR alalc 53.8 o/ASlals'5 SlalsiSiolgigialg slolSiolAlo Si Slate loreiala HO OOlS/SLsIElSl sola alo S|O/ola S| Orsi | ol] ol.a|.s OR Saba mH SAAR OH a Snook nAanel SR ARROSARA AACA ROOOHAAROA AP OIN|N |O ln Sia . . ii ath * . . . . . oe * oe . weles . slecleels * se eel esleofee | eee * erleele . - EHO *\e° * xleel ele . . . * * . . erie . Lond eleele . . . erlecieoe * * * * OC slesle . o. ee eclecle wile . lee] elects eels * . sles = * eeleclee wele . esl * ise] x . * . sles . oa * seleelerlenl x . . * || > “| # wise eels . eels . slee «la lau] eee coc . : 0 58 . alters liese'l eclee| & J clecfeclerforle |e wales lee fetleeleels sles kl ele * . eels * |. .- sloole | &] x | &] xe ewelee Pea eelealeels wales ele ee * & a wiiecel nae ae le ee sleek x *i- cele . oe *& > eleeles eel ele . e . wellealie on sleofe. | els * - weleel ele . eolee seleclerls ele . ee 4 Py . cole oe sleel xe Poi es selee *|° . selects lee] |e le * * * * CO * . sleet | elo | oe kl ]eeleele: % | klee] & x lool joel cele * |. . sleet | Fl xe | ek] * eel lee eole sleeles ssleslecl. se leclecleclecleclecier * |. . sleet ae | * Oe IE elects eelecles . slecleclecleciee oe selecleole ee .- Oe ie as oe ee sole le-Tu]elerlerlee seleelesleel ye * eelecleclesies - . sleet se | & |- * | sleet | ele etecles cleslecleclee ea welesleslosiacts-] oe esleofes | & [ese |e> electors . . welesleclecles or selesleclecios . eeleedes [e+ {> sole selenleelesl ae leeleelerlecleelecleeleclecien ee UAC - . s|eslool & | ¥/* eelee Od ea selects sleeleeleclecles eeleele Sener e- . esleofes | &]> * selesl leet leelesleel eter stlecleol se - sy o- . erlesioolh ke | # * selecfecles|aeleclecles sleclecleclecle- sJocfes[es|ecteriee| oats seleslecdse | x eles e@eles eeleeleele eee eelewlewles . . . . Say *I* . . eerlesi eater * 4 seleclee wslecles sleeleelecleeles . ° eclecle oP Pom . esleepeetes |= . * Meme oe etal tcl. cleolactects et al fDi i ; al eS [a bs welewleelenlecleclen ele eleelecles #) . . vefeels * . esleofer|e- * eeleeleeleel lees selecleelelectes oe e messed lines . ecleol & * * ie seleeterleclplecles allele efe|eishen}axn ele lee] ee no] Ge * . ecleoh & |] x oele weleelecles| HR leelee * weleclecievliee me SAR alaoliceds eiellieiwiele'| lore . . ecleofer] & ie. aleclevfecloeleslecleciesioclccleclecioeiee 4 Shells 5 aa eral oe sleoh ke] ee] > eles welecleslee esleclee eelecleclecieeiee rie Zallo Sele oe evlecpos|teor |e * sleclocles eeleclecleclesleclecleciecies ae ilete'|‘e Aes i ee . ecleofec|eor|s * a0 sel lake le ele ele leeleclecleeloelen . . Apllocseo Go| Mal scloohe | &|- .- selesleclealeclesleclecleclecleeleciecles . . salladisatcollcellon| kc: slecloof ee] ee]. . welecleelee| pleclecle seleeleele feel oe . . on soled nea . esloofoo| & | ek] KI] * & 5 weleclecleclecleclocleciecleclecles . Belarc seleofec|s= ool eelee eeleelewle wlan selecleelecleclocios| Kleefeeleciecieclecieolocieciss wale] ele ele ele wleeloe Bg gto) Gc eelerlerteriee . eleeleoteezesr . * ee One Coto eopmIAGokwee evlll GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. °* SPECIES. hesapeake Beach. | Y J 8 miles south of C | Magruder Ferry. | Parker Creek. | Friendship. | White Landing. | Wye Mills. Church Hill. ‘harles County near Patuxent River. 4 mile south of Chesapeake Beach. — |2 miles south of Parker Creek. Evans’ Farm near Church Hill. {| Plum Point. Calvert Cliffs. — | Fairhaven. Blakes. Burch. | Centerville. ~ | Between McKindee and Pindell. Y | Wescott Farm near Church Hill. me | 34 mile north of Governor Run. | Hollin Cliff. | 3miles north of Plum Point. | Popes Creek. | 3 miles west of ( enterville. | Reeds. | Chesapeake Beach. | Good Hope Hill. | Huntingtown. | Lyons Creek Wharf. | Southeast Creek. | Tilghmans Station. | Truman Wharf. | Jewell. | Skipton. Mouuusca. Amphimeura. | Chaetopleura apiculata (Say) ..+-+-+++++- Bae Oe (a Oa OS De A Nt eo OY a a ne le MOLLusca. Scaphopoda. | | | Dentalium attenuatum Say ............. sal oe es] a a a * Dentaliwm uanai Meyer .............06- ie at BE) Sa SY elf Pe = ie AV Be Dentaliwm caduloide Dall J... 5.3... 00 By | Fl ed en ed Dk - elk Be Paihel Cadulusitnaiius (Contag), Sites te oc0e Fac ldots aledeeleal Gale leetec Iwataalladttoeodlsebeel al sat oat cey ae lee fea ele, Cadulus newtonensis M. @ us. 2.2.0.2... Beste pile a a Loimethie = Wis Vie A A ie a | Saleaiealtee fea : Mouuusca. Pelecypoda. (aia bee Pea erie nie kesies Pholas (Thovana) producta Conrad see ! , aperta AEE CIR ele Se a ee a Barnea \Scobima) arcuata (Conrad) ..... OG (a Fs el Oe a ae Be Gals al elite tel gol alata lapel oe ae velco ae ees MUGELESTOAOUAIISAUISAY Lanna eee eae rer iio Tsecteacte ale selec Hee nm Bre Lebel sABei| fes| esl [esi ala ee BP ell al Panopea whitfieldi Wall ................ Sh fee (ane | sa aed hal ad a a We Bal PET ee ee ela Panopea goldjussii Wagner ............. ale [ertes ial clear ab J coleallk bg peal Pall Rae Panopea.americana Conrad ~....5....65%. Bieler (he oie lit ale aeleealid] ’ alia an Rea bl Sawxicava arctica (Linné) ............... Ps) ES i Pa le ah ab wilsalclcelcc (coleal scHest eat fea aaa es Corbula idonea Conrad .............00. alee feel teeteale alee a oleae ee a) eS ea eal al Be eel I; Corbulaelévata Conrad ...2.0...50-005% es ine i ; ; A Balleale ‘ s pear siatee Helos) eleel * * Pa % {+ * * Corbulaimaequalis Say ..........ccs0e- Re al 6 Sc Bel te el es] a Weal 2s) cls] Be] oe) bel be) Mal iacy | bd loci bellesilba|bolealee| joo laal alloc) os)! Conbulaicunedta Sayre. os) eas cs aes ee eh celeeelessdeeal g alccefas [ocale ote clara elaccllelhcal| ses] Beall Baltes ate Lec vel ag Ll te eal oe |e es ea Myaproducta Conrad |... .2.. 3... nose bose 7 Je FP ee ee a a ee ee ee ee ee a el ealeallsalbe lalla) Sphenia dubia (H.C. ea) 25.55... 05 woes ead are tae ars va Sxall ret aves ctf azedic’s | eveltarol veel exalt geal re tel] APO st oheved evel seat eet ete are spat ave Pera occa ea Paramya subovata Conrad .............. 854) Sa Get el a inet et Pee eel ee ool ales bol bald ac eal po tdlocltelles|SoteiBalbellac loollacl. 2: Mesodesma mariana Glenn .............. seleclecleclecfec[eclec|ealeelacleolecleseeleefec[ecleclecloclesloolesloeloalss[uelecloeleolonleoleclec Bria plonmatas all-in apices aio. 2 sicher aan aie wileralSehatcfor| violsctaalssoshaeleal eo elaelfoalaa|walea|sefeatstote ala ltea|Sethtes ell Eesha MGCTrG CLOTATODONM ICA. \cneusia te tere wav ake veleeleelealeclaeleelec|ecleelecleeleelaclec|eclecfecteclecleetee]es KA Molalla Spisula (Hemimactra) delumbis (Conrad ).|--le+|++|--jecfee[e+| feels sleelscleelecleslee|acleclec[ecleslecleeleclee|ecleeleclesloelecleclae , Spisula (Hemimactra) marylandica Dall ..js- +0 eee eeleeec else tee tales eelerlee|eelealeeleeieafeefeedaeec|ee{eeea|ecfeeler ee eeiealeedee Spisula (Hemimactra) curtidens Dall... .\--le+leclecfeclecfes|e cles eee clealecleeleeleclectac[ecfeclssloeleoleclanfoelesleclocleclestaeles Spisula (Hemimactra) subponderosa | | etal yl | (COROM PMs) es setae as etek cus ie che ie ants selee eee ele eleale elena eens leeds sefecleclerleclesleclealecleclocleeteelocleclenlaclecteaiss Spisula (Hemimactra) confraga (Conrad ).|esjseseleecefecfec fae feeleeieelecfeclecle steele cfecfecleslesfecleclesle eles] aeleslecfectes/eslecles Spisula (Hemimactra) subparilis (Conrad) |:+ s+ cece cejrelee eee ater ce feeeeieeleeleslealenleelesleclenlae fe ele else [eclecleeleeieeies Spisula(Hemimactra?) chesapeakensis eta) | | | LL ETHT 1S Ne a Oe ey en ene ig Peete Mee AEE weleclecleclo-[aeleelecfacl=alasleelesteclaclealecleslecleslestaalonlactieloctscteolesloelasles . Labiosa (Raéta) sp. Koy rae en et atte Aa) cee Sie a peewee lee cele eles wales ee we ele ee leeleeleeleelecleelerleclanlecleelen| se leeleclecleeleeleels Ensis directus (Conrad) ........ee. wena frefeefeetssfe teste sfeelectesfecfeefecieetactecloelecleelecleslsoteetec|iclecleclac|eelaats oleate 5 Ensis ensiformis Conrad ae ade yah Pee ead a afeeleclecles sete ce ctec|=ciecleclentas leelecleclecleslocleelecleeleelae |e % niet tell ats A Psammobia gqubernatoria Glenn Che Te. Kee pale wale w ew eleclen ec elee ee ee weleeleeleeleeleeleeleclaeieeleclenl op |e .- eles . Asaphis centenaria (Conrad) ere oe oes neeaes leche teneaionl: lecieel ssi pains lect ssc oc am ae er bese seleeleele Semele carinata (Conrad) ....<:sccccceee arefeleyeie|erefers nie}ne|isk Por] |sic}aic}e/e|eisi}eelsie eel ele atai) se eich mini sie ele oels sel lee Semele carinata var. compacta Dall aS Neat rialeref siete fecal an) metoateetacpsicpe |eelleicteetsisteetsia eo icra eesti | al aa ell Semele subovata (Say) fe SN et Me seleeleelecleelaelecleclee ee) ae leeds le clenlectesleeleclaclecteclecteatecleclects-feeleets Abra longicallus (Seaechi) AN Sh APS Ree De Od Bic BSS aS Bo) ede] C1 8G eI | Bk | lea) ol Pal acy folic oq soi boiec)ic oe Abra marylandica Glenn Se PEA. eer > ete a ers ¢ safes celeclectec|eciecieelesleeleetee! eleeleelesleclecleeieoloate alee selecles . Cumingia medialis Conrad ...........+.- gor|ervs|esteelec|es[estes|natne|ea]ealveleie|at|-a|ecl*s|aheel sacl aoloc=e lee etar lacs aaa | Tellina aequistriata Say ae ne ae Wee Ba Be Siac aciolcie ele eset sic cle ein sied sineselince [esecle lee ea tetoiaio ae eeleclee . Tellina (Angulus) declivis Conrad Ss ea a1 PS p20¢|Pol bol lea| el ba] aiBG al bo) Sellec| aalp ol aciipeiiia| Scie «| ae de c Tellina (Angulus) producta Conrad ......|++8@s+)s5ee|eefee etfs aller stash] ive esas ers etek : oO (?) | Calvert Formation | Calvert Cliffs. | Prum Point (?) § clx SURVEY MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL yal hI Si TUS BIC Aco hs ofr as ae aaa a het SEY BCE I UCT OAC SARIS mology 8 ArRyy “49 | Siaeanrao rr ec i aoa er a oe ® # “UOIzBULAO YuURydoyo | : Tap eae Pace oe ee ae ak ee ee * (peg edd Q) 6f ou0z | : ssa sae: OT Se aoe, ee ee oe be eS ee et eee Se ee * = *% * * OO me1d009 | “og amor) iT emo | 5 #1 RE * ee ee er ee “UOLYBUIIO J JLOATBD | * eK HS LDR RRR RR HE KL RH LER RE HR OC GENERAL DISTRIBU- TION eH SHS HS fe “BLULGAIL A | ieee RAS Re CE) Mae HIRST oe le ech TE Ae a oe A Os 3 ps SBT FUTON | <5 ee Sa ae ad ee Pee ee ae ee aie ° “BIULSILTA 10 puBlAIB IN ! : Bese: OE Ei eae! Sarena eee. ee nee So as cmicte eae i ‘dnoiy vyBoedesey) | Geo SIRES SEEMED CONG acer Sasi ae oCai e Mel bs Cae Gey ii Poa SoM nee . a TOM AIO OxOMIODO | : Shey Soe OR eer ag a ie Re has MEO ae Oa dete cena Mee i "UMOT, MON | : paar UO Ma HRS oe See gh ey Neto a or eb aateoL Te baaue CRM AGAR Nc star IM me ese gy “puvlArvyy | 5 ere Bere Tek eS ONSET ra te Medractecrs tia bad em gen geet Mico cle suite) Meee Cinta Bic RMSE ier B (Z) AV1BOO7 | : Siea irene pan an aA ee ae on Sie CMD RE eR ed ee eR eee I (4) dnory oxBodesoygy | pee ee See ere ieee pores ee ec ban RE oe ea Mahe Ean ne Ree Ie z “TOM PSPIIqMRy | 5 SRE Stine 6 PEPE RER crc aR soe hee. Beery ee Pac op eewa Paes aeth "4005 OLT JO YGdop 4B [19M O[[LAteyMeD | : ba ee SERRE Ree aio) tec pneu peice ie: ACR aera (2) rec *IOATY 8, AIBA “IS | ; Pease € : : ‘c eisai uopito4t “IOATY JUoOxnyeVg jo yyno,, | : eee ‘ : i Beets eicateoults 8, AIR “IS TT2M PIOUS | Seen eas ae 3 : ee cee IOATY S,AIBW “7S | g Bae ae eae aes xt el ee ® Ex x= xe *! PN “doop Joos Gt 09 EG *]Ta. MW AILO VAOULODO | meets ee eres : Nes Mae aes Dy “daap Joos £9 09 Eg “ITO M AJID OYOMI0IO | aera : SC ance onshies ae ee *qurl0g-Ou-Iu10g | : : : sons ere as qe “IOATY OBUIOZOG JO WINOW | : Hhomchide z 3 398.5 Sear 28.8 . |as “IDATY JUOXNIeg JO yINO,, | : cri bee aiehcs x 6 Toko ae Sp Sirti ga ienges See a ae "STIL ROLL) | : Fetes stirigeeyenceoe setts hee eee ey | “pnd §.A0[3uvy | : Fae eee ethane eeone * a ee ee ee a = ‘yulog windq |} Ex VERE GER Lee ae ne eee pea ee CE a Ce aE eae B = = Z A “quod 9A0D 97341T | : Si ae en oun pa Souk tire HnO nue erm POLL wpn Gap. wit ee DEEo Inuit pips baie MoMA ain aie ea (ou OO le ae eet Peete aa NO IRN ab yh me Jeet ope EUR RES DNCRE ore SSRs one ees [OSA | : CER an Tn coon ra a rie aonb DESED ao iin e DESL ana tuodn Aen When bond eudnee lope Ron w age STTIO JLOATBO | on oem: Se Mase ee CER ee SUR ob te OE) Steak own inet mi urets ern io a 3 “sulpuvy oddeay, | moe HERE ie a eet Si Rsieiememcnee 2 = 5 “TIEH pus | 5 Sees eee oe pase tote sma eee eas suet nase ba SS SESS 21 MOSsOA_QoUed ||P eS uEOBE 5 8 Eo Die Rice ee : PLO CASON GES ie) Oi "UN IOUIOAOXY) JO YYNOS SOTLUT Z | Pitas * : ee: ER ee s ais ‘(peg todd) uny tou1aAa0y | = esc * B * * * Oe eas N A, ‘(poq todd) vuog 3Bq | SEehione Ceara oes * ; G Pigaccanons =) ‘asplig 1aA0q | zi eae ieee. ee ; 1% # ae : “IOATY YUBIAOYO | ; iene Sa a ee ean a Pn ee Ee ee “muoJdIyS | a ane Se Hoe 5 ‘OLOGSUBOAY) | mi eancla tale n o rs ee ee “uNny LOUIVAOX JO YINOS SOTIU g | we Sule oat one Zi iS} : Lal H . a ; ; a be : 3 B S ‘uNnY TOUIBVAOY JO WIALOU JIT | | ¥ a a BERG tot ionic sole G oa ‘any LOUIBVAOH : can 8 ep Bo : id s ai *puod sey 4 | ais pie ele : pa aes Sine 80 5 is “SILLAL SIAR iy ee pene bean ae Cee : ae i Pw ‘S110 praeq | > Spain Soe) Gado rc catG Canes rene cee Waues winter ou omen ° "BAOPIO/) > % Soe sean nae Z Heenan iy ee chee Cees is “Touan, J, en oe ee ee 3 a ee ees aS *yoIT) PABUOVT “GS | : 2a eit: iDisk vont BLE 3 STQE Nea eee esas =a ‘4uI0og MBdmeq | Cui eene TE ie Otce Geren se Gast * Pea ne CO OROMISO ON eB oy “J1ByM Seu0sr : ee EK A i poe Sar Re ae Roe ee aes 62 ‘unY LOUIBAON) JO YINOS SO[1UT F | eoetnaeats Sek OMS eRe Omen IC cS Weve yh Senmonan ymin tae cer Bo No *(peq JOMOT) UNY TOUIBAODN | 3 ee Bemis SACO Aaa ees ST NCES ite NOLO waite eh ecg ee ote co *(pog I9MO'T) pPUOg SLAF | E fe eS a ee a LG HU Ce ee RD REE ple Sees “yoo ployong | Oe ee ee somone meet en SEG See ere eG ee ee eee cx GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. ach. Chesapeake Beach. SPECIES. Chureh Hill. Calvert eee coe ( | Magruder Ferry. | Parker Creek. Between McKindee and Pindell. | 3 miles south of | Church Hill. | Evans’ Farm near | Fairhaven. | | Blakes. | Burch. | Charles County near Patuxent River. ; Chesapeake Beach. {14 mile south of Chesapeake Be | Wescott Farm near Church Hill. | White Landing. | 84 mile north of Governor Run. | Wye Mills. | Hollin Cliff. |2 miles south of Parker Creek. { Plum Point. | 3 miles north of Plum Point. | Popes Creek. | 8 miles west of Centerville. ; Reeds. | Calvert Cliffs. | Centerville. | Friendship. | Good Hope Hill. | Huntingtown. ' Jewell. | Lyons Creek Wharf. | Southeast Creek. | Tilghmans Station. | Truman Wharf. | Calvert Cliffs. | Plum Point (?) | Skipton. Mouuusca. Pelecypoda.—Continued. Tellina (Angulus) dupliniana Dall Fy eae eee ee aoe | Poe a Vl Ue , Tellina (Angulus) umbra Dall ..........| Bet Ta ie al eae fm Pe [|e J Metis biplicata Conrad) 2... ...5+-.+6. 00. Dg fl ts a) Vet a Foal ifm Pelosi Tc si ew eS AT Re Macoma lenis (Conrad) ........ccesces Ae | Pes asl Pel FG ec Paley [Ce Macoma marylandica Glenn .........+.+- SVE StG aU Steal (eo len eee altel alee re ceil PERT RETA oe ce ek vfeclseleadealea|caealeirfealrslasteahaclipalealyesel ele tec te iel a ae Pic ain covoertensis Dall iecleiecls strates] ate] cheeks] atreiseleol satel alee eles seleaeele ie aa aia . Venus ducateli Conrad Fils Soe Yes SUR mie te edna ea bi ean a lane wale ele ele ele ele stewie ele eleclerleelenlerleelecleelecioel lee Tenia eur Conrad in ne rele al Aa) al iolloci abla Osteo) (Col rll Sal so\lod i cllon tec ioal ets wbstell elles Venus mercenaria Linneé Bela ies Venus plena (Conrad) ......... pagtenc ices ial ao) al Venus campechiensis var. tetrica Conrad.) |. Venus campechiensis var. mortoni Conrad .) | Venus campechiensis var. cuneata (Conrad)| || |" Venus canpechiensis var. capaz Conrad... Chione latilirata (Conrad) ...........s...000 eee ileal al sat Sirti at cclbaleelecle-pesteete ete oelbe [Sa RARE ea lei Chione parkeria Glenn Neal brates ede ESL He clesdec [ethadleclschochaglig WealecVea]ectacle a) a. ail aa Ohione alweata (Conrad) ..........:.... fs ha We Pf a KT pe J a Pg ld a en Pcie aT Macrocallista marylandica (Conrad) ..... elses cle ate alist ilsc ie Res eS ate ea feat om eed ele aati |" Callocardia (Agriopoma) subnasuta Cenmayye chalice) declelee : ie Elicalesdehel sal bersede, Aets sl Sct oesthed el Qe ae Callocardia (Agriopoma) prunensis Glenn...|..|..|..|..|..|..|../..|... |. ple el Pe ae ed el eel Callocardia (Agriopoma) sayana (Conrad) ...}..|..|../..)..]..|..|..).. Cythere (Antigona) staminea Conrad ....|..|..|..|..|..|..|.. Dosinia acetabulum Conrad ..........+.- Bey (ora a} oe eae cy oes See a fal ey ie ae be | al aa lla lec Clementia inoceriformis (Wagner) ....... aS AVERSA y Da ele le dee Isocardia markoéi Conrad Tsocardia mazlea Glenn TSOCOT ANGST GCENMOUISAY Ns... 00s cies ls we Sores aie Sparel siail eel ote lealarst aelerel sole stlerleateatles Tsocardia ignotea Glenn ...........-60: Ey NA at Sel el eels Al celle eels leat spel] ra es eet ne AIL Cardium (Cerastoderma) laqueatum Conrad.).....)..|..)..).-[.-|.-[e-)e.ee es Me Ne Al sellal aleeeleral ne seen Cardiwm (Cerastoderma) leptopleurum Conl..|..|..|..|.-|s-[++Je=le«feeleels-fe=leleeleefe le -|aefeleefeefe > Cardium (Cerastoderma) craticuloide Con. .}..).-\..|.+\+-\+/++|++|+-| x Peal abe Cardium (Cerastoderma) calvertensium Glenn}..|..|..|..|..|--|--J--|e-jee)ee)eefaele-feeleetefecfe [eels efeates[aefecfee[eclefeefee[ee]efarle« Cardium (Cerastoderma) patuxentium Glennl..|.-|--|..|.-|--J--|--[--leeleeles|ee|eefee{ecfeefesfeefesfes[ecfes|ee[oefeelecleo|eofe she , * % he Gh % eee we eee oe eee el] slesiesleclerlerlecleclesiselevierlecieelies * [ee ef Solecardia (Spaniorinus) cossmanni Dall. .|-- Sportella whitfieldi Dall... cece ee ee elt efe tee fectosterlerte efecto elects SPOMLCLLUMEleEreDalliont eink. sec eclehnic ooiete cs Bee kc eel ea acd eet SG so) ec trea aed er (el Bcd Rec rel leer SP ed i be a Sportella petropolitana Dall Sa te Se ele nel ee lomo eel cation Seca sal eel et ioesltasil erm testa eral Sportvelia 7ecessarGlenn 2). 200 cobs. oe sie on Balbo a4] Gol he (eal loelod) bel ac od bel salloo) Eclbo| ba lao ol sellod ealsele)belball==|ballodlloo! eellscllse!| salle. Sportella paturentia Glenn ............. BP (era VS) Po as TY DO a VV Da el ella eel isedltlsmll- cio FARA StCH GAC UL@ Dall eh, oie cin Butea y platouer ele alosiestsale eleva level ersiecs lores] era | aeatllons)| etellarcil's mil xsi srail'g afiaie Panel ove eed ene Brycina (Pseudopythina?) americana Dall.|..|..\..|.+\+-fes[ejeefesleeleclee|esieclesleclecleefeclealeefeelen EBrycina calvertensis Glenn PY CIN DrAunG GLEAN i) «he oie .e)« eys)e sists) «fe 6 ne Balas) Ss bplisa 6a Balled oe Gal sal Gl eel tal sal eciatl aalioltevion Erycina marylandica Glenn | Brycina rickardia:Glenn® oss cscs sees alpine Sel be cello olla Babel baloalbolbal ells Galaaanilbd adie alte Brycina speciosa Glenn . vefosjeefee|eefestecfeafesfee|ecleefeafeefeefestesteale. | She .6 s) bvele (0. e (ee) sis» 6 Bornia mactroides (Conrad) vo lee Oigteree/ oe orekeeye|muieierarn|=/8)} sel} inl sin) os er Ce eran ob : Dy “doop 4909F £9 01 Gg *[19. MAJID GHOULODO"” | Ere Se raioe cea Balaa neice oer mano oo 3 berm *yurog-ou-1UuTod | TGRREDE Rept PRD unre pene O NOmbey Lemon é 5 LaVoie G Onn iv) S) *puodg svi | 5 a a ae ne fe Be on en ome eenced Gage Ba NO Anh GINO Moma. GUGOUNO 0 LOO Cy iS EN “SITLW STAR, | Te a eee a Re SanS IH eaD BEG bieP Olbag. br OnOnskaNG G SeGr ar acd E "S110 pravg | BE ey ee i i ake Gr ne ene or cetinG ceckard a Heong ti dene oo sto OOO (o) “BAODIOD | i epdees Ta mr OnOn So Sn te en phere ten Ok mt De Oath ene nui eom mete, BOG Sl “IouIy, | eee ee ee an a On Ee * ee eos r= *“yoor) prvuoesy 9° | Ps oe en ne ae eee Copia De kare oo ee a CaBEOM GeO Nn: Ded aoeran ~~ OD “qulogd MBd Ae, | PRS esa Oe TE Re or mn ee See CRG me Dae eee ek See fet. Mee sin keOe A ae “Java A Sou0L | eae a Ra Donon SO ee Here satDe One. 8: ‘uUNnY LOUIOAOXH) JO YINOS SO[lU g | ee eae a he ME, nS eat Raa ee Mae HOEONDE GC onbmrend soe ry. Cea Om te No ‘(pog IOMOT) UNY LOUIBAOD | Oe a ar a mon i ne" eee eat eee ek Perea rp Betas Ben cee senno oy eo ope 4a “(pag JaMO7T) puog Se | TEN PAE ET Tee ae Pre RENE eo emo snares Gin RRM Ee ee ale *yooIQ PlOWONY | oa ee hn nn aa ee eae eae ne eae Cer ene De dmee no amg oO Ona an ’ exil GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. § Fl a 8 = | |aia . Ks = iS wo} | OO) js & : ia 4 E & Ae si 2 iB + = q SPECIES. A 3%] |i] a 2] |s a] | |S a 15} [sic] ja lO] |S Z a Re] |ojo| fo ¢ pe uo) Sle] ja'ial |m I ti} Aa =| = a HAY ja x} |o B 2! |g a o a o m\ mo) | Ad Oo Ea Bik] lole e : H| |S a a (S) 8] oh) cy O ° ha oe] io d E oS = SlalsPie § oo 3) .| (Aa) (Ay 19] | o a Bly qy] | D 4 Fad I CO) Aa lys| A] a) me = i | BID/O/ 6 = F=iWre) -| BIE} le] |e ©) os F| 4] 9 las w a] [Cla Mlalal . le) |e Diredica| “sledl os SlelsiE8| la S| | SisRSSSSElEl jalolelelel (SF\Ssszis| | Ceellclac s 3 See Cls S|SFESESe0|s EROS 5 se azgmetees Dt] PE) alla! a! om bal- TM ol sf aislS IS! a) |] (logis ale 9/9/41 519/0 Siai2)o/o/2/S/El SSIs slelsiolo o} 2) 0) S)q iS) o Ale 2 | (9 el a5 8) Bled | ee Oo 5S) 8 O12) 0/ 2/8 SPB Ela halalo/aralslale|2/S/Sia/S|B/o| Sas) sha a/5/ eS eo S| are) Ol O|S\sialold AlSlSlaHlolFlClS/Slslajalsle|slolodiomieice Fae CEE SIS leo 1 le cs FS IF st PSI OS es er a IS MoLiusca. Pelecypoda.—Continued. Bornia trianguld Dall ....H.ccccccecrees ecllodes * o. cloe Bornia marylandica Glenn .....cceccvvee (Pe) ae Ale AR Bornia depressa Glenn 2. sec cece cases Yaa fe i BAR < Kellia rotundula Glenn ..............02. eAlsele eels wales Thecodonta (Dicranodesma) calvertensis COPE ae renedevonel a feictra lates suciiate: sy crevel sieWous une intiava ee Salle 2 A Montacuta mariana Dall ........... suai oxe]| ANSE SIE SoeaE Ales eal eal els Aligena wquata (COMLAA) «......eeeeeeeeeeeeee ae ee heel elec [opel ere [ace Lavell Sete ate ace Sus [eta cet ek fe Hale seleetoats , Aligena wyuata var, nuda Dall ..... seers Fel e legis Fal bel Gel ballon cl Balecloel balled balsolaclaciadledtealle= Med bal Aligena pustulosa Dall .........eeee OG) FA nal eel balooteleeloe el oolb als telisielts ella Bbabe ; Diplodonta acclinis Conrad ............. SAR a clea oe Gel beel al Bed el ead al sll pe a a a lecloswael: ; Diplodonta shilohensis Dall .........4. ele Seale eel pal al aide ped Hl A el eed a Pa lea) Pee sie Diplodonta subvera (Conrad) .......... fal 8) Ss By pt me | [a Balgel aasaoa lets pie a Phacoides (Pseudomiltha) foremani (Con.)},.|..|..|..}../../..]..}..].. Balsa Bal BA eae: ce a Phacoides (Pseudomiltha) anodontus (Say) )..). 0). 0)... .}../.. Alea Basen GalballeSll ey alr Phacoides (Here) trisulcatus (Conrad) PARA Bass Be eel eal al eal my H my Phacoides (Lucinoma) contractus (Say) efoto) life de eel x 2 Paley eoeaateals mt e . Phacoides (Parvilucina) crenulatus (Con.)|.) 01) }. |. |... Jy |e] x if Sie [Soe seal oe regs | | Ore ie Phacoides(Parvilucina) prunus Dall ..... sed ol Eg eG | Bl |. SIC allel BAe Ae. a Phacoides (Lucinisca) cribrarius (Say) ATTEN Divaricelia quadrisucata (G’Orbigny) oe. ef fff fee. [e fe c[eefec[eofe feels sfe fe elee[ea[e ola! es[ealealec[ea[ealeole a Chama congregata Conrad .........eeee% Balaton terele |e es Pes (el le AG sl ste'| or ore eet ae areloe'lora lec terete leat 3 Cardita protracta (Conrad) 20.636. . chine Sal Balle| Balsall sce) tet ae | elle als lave lasiteve| orellege'| 0 Belisd Bdledcc| Venericardia granulata Say ........ece0ce niclsel toe ec delocloRitelisa en Alle celeelesleolae |e Sala laeba Venericardia castrana Glenn ....... Sone Balbal salle Alle aA Weeleral evel eg le 8 Salle Crassatellites melinus (Conrad) ......... spam [ee] | [ee He ]Rlocfecpes| ® sore Crassatellites marylandicus (Conrad) selesfes “|e . sleelee Crassatellites turgidulus (Conrad) ...... 5 ad “le os}e Crassatellites undulatus (Say) .......... sefeelecde ls Soy Crassatellites (Crassinella) dupliniana Dall.. wofeefe ede | | Crassatellites (Crassinella) galvestonensis (H.) vafeetee]e “|e aa ALOU IS GMC UULRSERT, Soto dig Bonen ame sole elae | a *|> Astarte thomasti Conrad .........ces00- Bales * +]. : : Astarte calvertensis Glenn. .........+-¢- se] ne|s : +e: Astarte symmetrica Conrad .........ee0- PSE SRD BG Palle : A Astarte cuneiformis Conrad ..........45 wee sfesdeatectecde ed ae fe ete : * “#)- * Astarte castrana Glenn ..........00000. maleelt BS lio te als “Ate eile lil ; AStOnLE OULU CONTAG! taicieis.c.s.c1e-0 «4 sero os sefeclectecteslecteciectoete oe : ale eset anc . ARtARTE CMenhita GICHNS ooo ks coon waceee PA ee lS ie Gel bal eel ical Ie ales ice Adlcalie i's melts ¢ Astarte perplana Conrad .........ccceces s7alots|lerai| arsl| tale =] tell eral ote alles oles eis aieifats [sie colori: : ARLOTCE DARNLAZD SA. a. ea are Sy antatel areas selec[ec[eclecter[eeleelec|s seleclecleoles sleclerleol ae spa leetes : Pandora (Clidiophora) crassidens Conrad .|--|..|++|++|++|++]++]++{++]- BC fic jes ele Ag sieleta lars “ Pandora (Kennerleyia) lata Dall ........|++J++{-+{e+|+ wefeeteslecte s}ee t}e> ssferleelecls selector a Periploma peralta Conrad ........... | BA baba ne oe Solballaciod rel Aled bo be Selaeleelacls Allee wel Thracia conradi Couthouy ........... wc afeefecfecfeclteelecleolae ls s[esleclesla loess sfesles|aleclecleet als sles ties Margaritaria abrwpta (Conrad) ........|.- Be helBel Bal Bae Aa alee fs BA Bias lle Mytilus conradinus @’Orbigny .......... aleeleclecleclecleelecd ae leslie la |= *|* oe . * eisai ce Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) incurvus Conrad .|--|«+|+-|++le+|esfeelee|e+]e«[ ae] : . on : leo lee| Lithophaga subalveata Conrad ........../+: : sla leeleclectecteede . . .* *}e sles Lithophaga ionensis Glenn ........... Pe FA Bel op bo oe Sol ES 6 i steibe s “ie Ae : tac Aloo Crenetia virida Glenn ..cccescces eee e ww eletiecl(eeleelesleoleetesievierlecierievienieriec(eciesierierierieelerieriovieslerieelerleuleeleeveleuiesion 1“ Prince George’s Co.,’’ and elsewhere. eae CX111 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BSaS STSSSRASESSSSSESSA AGAR SN SARANRARAARA REARS SES [33 “moIyeuI0g 8,A1e yp “49 | : ae Sa pa ho ae ee e aR, Ok he, Pee aS. uolyeMI0Y YuRydoygy | : ce Sas Coe * % * * *IO* Me heres ae bar ten fen es a . Tee SR ae SSUES TRUER oo chs WE eae os See leposiine: Pan aah Mies ee Seale Peas cis oat aera Te eae sats] ‘uoryemsog uwdogg { Gee ee) — : — : — =. a hac teiee = “ee SC Mas Cade Ueno a - . == pa ‘(peg 19MO'T) LT UOT | Pci Te ide ek ts eee ered Ae) cm OPEL IO OSE an esis ROR ie 5a *HOIJVMIOY FAVATBO | ee Ae Se aS RE ES I IG Sy cas Ya a a Cee eg Se RMU Eee 2 "BIULGILA | Ss ne a RO OEE Soa RON AOC R Ce Om OR GRO RAICRa) Blo neon OuO ge RoTG Mok aS MBE A “SIO IUIMON | eee ae ee boon aioe Ca GeonnE peer nce onG. j oucuc ceCmaEcncl One oe Dn gen Olona nor 5 *BIUISILA 10 pUB[AIBY | ee ee ae ee Care Perera: Mee Se eS Ge AC Ae See ES occ, Shor meas i “dnoig oyveduseyy | SS Si eee ee Sa eee 2: Q "TI2M 4919 oxOUIODO” | a eae a eee ce meme Bre asd spe Fa tecoee EC OR Oe ee OREO Ca OMe eee S| “UMOL MON | Be Tae Ua ee ee Beh Gite ca HED et a ee eee ne ane nna. cicorma h aan tan WERE EN GOS Gate a *puelArey | SE eae cee Se Seer Sa eC ea OR aS IEE SRO IMIG a cSt eG «ch ene nas See eS P| (4) AqITBoOT | i ees a ea a ee ee ee Oe ee a poten See, ae EEG 3 (4) dnoiyy ayvedeRseyy | har eueeers OES WSs ale ae Tore ie ches MRR SS ate bedrest Aah See Ln atta aia Summa e Sunen bay tel eee Reem sites 3 : “TOM OSPLIQUIEH | eek Se eee ene imc aneo mr mo kadn eer er eo tied ~aamnrs Ie ono Oononea olen “4003 OLT JO UYdop 3B [19M STIIAIEzUID | a ee oe oe Boe re CRE ne Bae ee aE a See (2) “IOATY 8,418 “49 | DE eee ee a ee aCe eens Sema eT mone cmc econu Mee ch worasoat 4 “IOATY JUEXNyeg Jo qInNo, | Sah nn eno. CCR ER EE UAC Omnon Hanemu Geto omS San Iomaarr mer four amo coe SNe a © §,AIBI 9S = 119.M PIPYSIO | ae a ae ie ee ie le pet Une came Ss Soc Mer aco ee Mice are meen Ss URS “IOATY 8, AIBA “4S | iP on Sie ie ee NO i RP mp ene a inioes Med Oss or els monaa ‘deep 4oaJ GL 03 £4 ‘119M AFID GPHOMIONO, | ECMO een er ic Nols eer cemekner sq mcmin its eco be Smreceas SPT. sii Go eas selon einiebeas (aN Rina e teh CMeane ene mel abe ‘deep 4995 €9 03 £9 [19M AIO OHOMLODO | ae ee a San ee ao ee ea Se eee eee ree “JULOg-OU-4UI0g | ee ee ee ee an He er eS Sho mone “IOATY OBULOZOg JO GINO | Eee ee ea ee ee ee ee ees a ar eRe due oo == —— K@ATY JUexNyeg Jo Gyno, | ee a ee ee ee ae a Ere eae eee: a "STIIA. 2BO14) | ee an La Le EO aba Rie mE OLUE Done Bote oe "pnlg 8.40, suey | a reine apes ; Powe 5 i “‘qulog winiq | ue : - "UO 9A0D 91941'T | slabs () uolyeMioy yuReydogyD "TO3S!1G | *BHIIO FIOATBO | { "Jey M S0uCT | Dy ae =I) . | 48 Boles ° S |ag = p 4 = Lal en] 2 NM — =) 4 < o ‘o) =| 4 eI aw <4 | e=] (o) & td Aa < & a ° ize] 12) : “sutpuey oddeiy, | 5 3 E “IH puss | : 2 *"Y90u9 ULOSsO[y] Youd | eee : oo : oe ‘uny 10UL0AOH JOUNOS sepiM Z| fit ; SERS s Eero ear Sos eee SASLAEDE Seige cite Rigg ae Senet ate ‘(peg teddy) uny rou1aA04 | ree i bee Pere. ee ee ee ee eee te boeene : Na “(pony 1eddq) puog Bela | acts eS - wee ae Tere 2 p “asplig 10A0q | : : “IOATY HuBydoyg | on = 4 uopdyS | : ’ Eee *o10gsueery | : ODS re een ee * = _ ‘uny 1IOUIEAOH JO G}NOs sattu g | ee See at opis ptomeonea ores = ‘uny IOUIOAON) JO JLT J[IW [| | eae FES Eolipa Hie et Der Sobre noe Huron SUG, SCO a aS sO usa cb : ie ee eee “UNY IOUIBAOLN | — i : : : < *puod Sew | : ‘BIT STARq | : “8.110 y prarg | : E a2 z *BAOPIO( | swe : : 5 z *‘10uINy, | oar : io) “HOOID prvu0gT ‘4g | ne : sa |_ “‘yuI0g Medaeg | os : On ‘JAB AM S9u0fL | ae : als “Uny IOUIBAOH JO YYNOs sali Z | cae : No ‘(peg 19M07]) unyY TOUIZAOS | = A *(pog I9MOT) puog 3ei¥q | Seek Sieh See *yoorQ ploxyong | ecae . ; : Se MS oS CX1V GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. | | H | | S| iia | | | 5] \o/o Z = = Py sisi |. : = 3 = g| RA] & 5 “| |, =| | |e SPECIES = jm) [gig] = 3| |5 a) | |Ss 5 A 2I5| faral ls H sia 2 ah ml] |o|O| | 2) CO] |9 q a cs Sila] jaial a =| bel [Ay I 7 = Bla] [oa] jo a ® g a v : Z)| |3)/8| 6 $ al. Vie bale ak S B/S} sialic] |S 5 re lal is s| |e a o o|.4 ps 3 a] |s Ko) PisloOO!} |g | oS} | Ay] iA “lo; |o 1) = Ol S| Sisal co) Sly Sie) aul fu as sy ge} | ip | HIB Iolo} Is lS | BIE]. eo] Jo OSE! g| & (= < Bl |OlalAlg!c} . Zis| 6 O\e4 a] ola} 2 S\a/BiS) |al= 2 a seloloe ec s JolSislE| Sele Sissi cA |S| Bir] lls | | 6s SSes se siciSase's| |S 12 28518) | Siz elalecis a oI | O!0|° fee Lo) Cla| a -|2 = ° O} 4) Pl EZ! PAE a bod Pl ES ol oo] bal dO 2 SO] lals SS SH4kSlole O/B of Rl Zlo| NO 25 wl sic ld-aSlals|s 2 2 i| oO} S| 8) S/O] ola) Bla(O} 218 slelals ala SS Prose Sole Al Alo ole SI BOle) O28 Sl\elS'2la Sislol8 SS slSl2lo\g S/S Blolton sa) S)a) a) 012) 5) eo 3) Bra) Ole O18/5 alo Fala) Alale\sln/S| 21915 Sala AEIAlojo ft] ed fead Reg = RE RCS mOO POORER SEES Ae aA Ree EE Om Mouuusoa. Pelecypoda.—Oontinued. Orenella gubernatoria Glenn ............|:. Ao oe sd bales el Colao jaa a eal el Mel eo eclee bie alee bel enssice ashe ‘ Modiolus ducatelii Conrad ..............|.- aplec|swlaafectou| tat eelee lcalaale Balika Wale : Modiolus virginicus (Conrad) ........... ra eset ovatlose'| ore! exe cea evel Seed sta wvall evel evel col crslieval eal Gualinet Laval eat niapal o ls : Modiotus dat Glenn 5.2.5... cree use Belle ooo oa cis ou ao aoc eatocl celled aac nace Wel selealeal ballon : 4 Modiolus ionensis Glenn ............... woleclogleslsmbstleelesbeatel Elba alley cle elt tel oalcmleate bd : Modiolaria curta Glenn 2.2.6.2 sess. cece wal eto) Siatisre| Gre eaten ete [neal moto cl eval ace] cell Sel cell ltoed eve erates att ae ee : Anomia simpler @’Orbigny ............+- selee|ec{erleclaclecfec|eniarlecles|eales|en]e Hdlecloale : i Anomia aculeata Gmelin ............20% Bel eG ol ra eo) eed lex) los Ral eed lool Ges soll lactate Ibatlecligal oss acl gelhestlo i : Lima papyria Conrad ..............+..-- Sere ecol aae] sss ed src sal etellovel vet ere eel crclorel Stel ol ova cre abel cl cnell Stell tat] eet eae Pr eee gers ors Cane Sere ase 64) jad teed oc) ae [a lon) elle kes Ud el el ae) acl loa eo) ae bel ioa| ca (ecloclldallbaise es . écten humphreysii Conrad — .......0.65. eeallsistaeeneltaaleve ler afists||ecof wel oe llesi|eiolersiiael sistas! gibereletell sta] oe Kelle Pecten (Amusium) mortoni Ravenel ..... aw el al BB Belfi fn seod sds : : ; Pecten (Pseudamusium) cerinus Conrad ..|..|..|..!..|..|.-|4/}../.-l.- | -| |- Pecten (Chlamys) coccymelus Dall ...... 34 (54) 2c) bo hoa eel ls) ocd = * ae Pecten (Chlamys) rogersi Conrad ........|..|.. Balyclteel teem BS Sele vere Pecten (Chlamys) clintonius Say ........|.. Bato tac eed kan BS Ale Pecten (Chlamys) marylandicus Wagner ..|..|.-|--|..|..].-/..|..Jes/ee[eleelee] 9 shale Pecten (Chlamys) madisonius Say .......|.. simle(al\erol ore age alge ool all ge foie] iil biel sel reticle oral evel wel oe lene | tal ets * #le-| ala Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius Say ......\.. Brat cee Svs a seve re eval 202 te ets ates ea eget te | aes ele Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius var. edge- | GOMeI8ts (CONTA) rion). vecit~ oo ceeded lee alcatel clucloataslaeleateeluelee leads Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius var. septen- | | (BATES EW Fes PhO Om Dl occa ALORA Ce CREO Ole ahleciselis aleve SALE ec als Ostrea selleeformis var. thomasiti (Conrad)}..|..|..|. HOP Hae eval alerts Se SPE ¥ Ostreatrigonalis Conrad, Vicccrwcreuws uetes ole Baa oa) cl ie) oe ee Wel act ee (el mr Ae Ostrea carolinensis Conrad ............. stat Pealecleretealls cl beclee Seabee leit a Ostrea percrassa Conrad .............-: Pletal stele sAleel gmat: [eae ol ale #|- *| * x OSET-GC SD rings ics nie sates siclciaie « wher sicicis'e elstaielnigteionets Sa bdpcloo Bal keeled loallesks rae Bs Sa) Bee * me Melina mavillata (Deshayes) .........-. sefoefocleelselaeles| le * elle Salbelles!é PUES Belloale AU NONROTLIStE DANN © he wlofe lous intel sw eva talereie 3-|(oo1 oc paroe| oc [eel lal cal - 4 Poeaicales|cs\i-: Atrinaypiscatoria Glenn... =. 3)... 00 6 Soleo oloeeael fale e| Kg alte als ral Area (Scapharca) subrostrata Conrad ....|.- Oi [oo] eevee] festa cl Ped hen 5 ; * «| #]> elool se | se Arca (Seapharca) elniaGlenn ..........|.- 83 (oe) Sieve acl Ss tia bicl sal od naval Salina eel od Mol Alege alla lak. Sse Arca (Scapharca) cliseaDMall. ......... 5 | Jlembranipora fossuijera Ulrich ........ a4 6 | iembranipora caminosa Ulricn ......... 7 Le 7 | Membranipora germana Ulrich ........-.. . fc? g | Membranipora parvula Ulrich ........+.. F i 9 | Membranipora bifoliata Ulrich .......... ; ae 10 | lembranipora nitidula Ulrich .......... : Ree 11 | Membranipora fistula Ulrich ........ Hee ic va ey op ite fe 142 | Amphiblestrum constrictum Ulrich ......|..JesJee|eeJ--|--Jee|-- 13 | Amphiblestrum agellus Ulrich ...........|e+[ee]e eats elece| os 14 | Cupularta denticulata (7?) (Conrad) .....|-.|.. tN Dt We 15 | Microporella preciliata Ulrich ....... aOF s}oclecle fee 16 | Microporella inflata Ulrich .......... eevee sj celeefee]e- 17 | Microporella (?) bifoliata Ulrich ..... S00 : selee 18 | Adeonellopsis umbilicata (Lonsdale) Ban) 00) se] sc]ee 19 | Schizoporelia informata (Lonsdale) eels eee. + 20 | Schizoporella subquadrata Ulrich ........ esl selesles 21 | Schizoporella latisinuata Ulrich ......... ale veleslee 22 | Schizoporella doverensis Ulrich ......... =}-- selecles 23 | Schizoporella cumulata Ulrich .......... = |= seleeles 24 | Retepora doverensis Ulrich ............. -|- selee[ee 25'| Lepralia maculata Ulrich ....ccceces see : sels |e 26 | Lepralia montifera Ulrich .........s.se0- C selecles 27 | Lepralia marylandica Ulrich ...........5 + 28] Lepralia (?) reversa Ulrich ........-.-..- : + 29 | Palmicellaria convoluta Ulrich .......... : a 30 | Palmicellaria punctata Ulrich .......... : sie 31 | Cellepora massalis Ulrich ........+.-.6. * 32'| Cellepora.crtbrosa Ulrich .......0ceec0 . VERMES. 1| Spirordts calvertensis Martin . .... 1.0.00 efeeletlecfecjee|eefe cde ECHINODERMATA. Echinoidea. 1| Echinocardiwm orthonotum Conrad .. Py SCULEILA QUErT Conrad 3.2.00. .56 ; ECHINODERMATA. Ophiuroidea. Hal LOM AAOMETMUC MCS) SPs lite tiers shapsvalelelio tus oie tele COELENTERATA. Hydrozoa. | | 1 | Ayudractinia multispinosa Ulrich 1... 2. lee ce ele eelecleclerlen * | 2| Milleaster incurstams Ulrich. .......eee0-|**)° Jeelee 38 | Milleaster (?) subramosus Ulrich .......6.|ee ee etleeee sles CALVERT FORMATION. | Chureh Hill. (2) Calvert Formation } | White Landing. | Wye Mills. | Calvert Cliffs. | Plum Point (?) | | | | | 2 5 “| | ce = 4) i law Pe} = ‘=| =| z S| =| 23 5 5 I i) g i= = ° od (2) S 5 Fe ale = «| | = fo | .| || | Alii. S| | ele SIE) fel ie sleek = ihe) :| IEE] lol |e 0/8) S| ¢ jen} a S ra | OA |g] |] = a =I . ~ “|e KIO Bie l= S) oil Bl SiSe Slo! 1S L(SiSlislsis | 2B ly po P=) 5/5: SSSR O6) SSPFc/55) |elalsals BA Hse sees ee aeiris Sle ls(Sie Sle |2/5| art =| SSISIS Slagle oma [emt | fa we! i—=|-|O SISlE/O|- SSIES S/S /S/SIBlolord|siala Ff Me fc fag Fd A PS JIS fy | | rm Fa (Jd J | See ee of sleel mie “leis ele Z Bae el eal al be | &i Bie ie Lt st Ae : Ape) et SA a alk . weep eielaia|e sei eele Js -[oofe fe seele celle cls ais feel? a aaeieadtea lea] IEP | | . ele ade als ae a ee | | s\ (Stall evell ere | | ie Be Peal) «lee 39 sie oe The ee oe teal ai | | seep al Ale) a |. claches tetas : eel tel: ele eles! eels a a|etcl=elo «fee ola ee[-fo fe es ae ‘oe ae |: Ne eplac!'- | | | ae ested pale Hee Kee eae sp Bs CXVIl MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GENERAL | 5 ; mm nm ma _ Wood 3 2 “UOTJRUIIO S,AIB WV “99 | ss co ee * ay ‘uolzeMIO Yuedoyg | % Sah Sale 2 *(pog todd) gL eu07, | = & #5487: : “UOT BULIO, ueido als A See tone | ‘(pag J9MOT) LJ ouOz | ¥ Ae eS ** * * ae a — Qa “UOIPRULIOY JLOATBO | * Nera! REAL cet cence cel ten Touiale wi otras Drak Related oak oe eke ae sini ARSE, * Sore : xR % é “BIUISITA | ; Ge Baa eT eee erat #21: Se % ay B eel ae ‘SBI TULGION | Hie. Share ee BERGE a ye Gian ae z “RIULSILA 10 puv[Arey | : : : : : : ara + ie S | 2 Se dor e_vedesey |) ae : re oe ney eS ‘TLAM AUD OHOULOIO"” | ; Seen Ta cE : 5 a: 5 ‘UMOL MON | : Fo ue Sra G EB: : sik a Pee *puvlArvyy | SoS Chi ceeite ny dwn eee ae eae : “ on Bi (2) Agt7B007 | Ta IGE ae ewer i ak oe: a (4) dnory oyvoedesey( | ; ESE n Sa aie aca cia ee a eee a: we cI E "T19M OSpliquE) | Eng cd cee samen Monee ioe miaet f : 2 "4995 OLE JO YQdop 4B [TAM STILArE}UaD | S Be Osos Sp pein 3 a (2) *IOATY S AIR Wl 9S | cee asa Riouacahs Se s aS 5 are option 4 é: JOATY JUOXNYB_ JO YANO | tics PREECE herman ch hia Seana . ane ee 8 Are 98 J (19M PIAUSTIO | Tees bea : : ; : : : peas “IOATY 8,AIBW “49 | % Oe ee : * * : : * Es ‘deep 3909J Gy 09 ES ‘T19M AUD 9HOULODO, | ER SSE pias cba ecmcaomn : apariarneme ee E : 5 ates ny, “daap 499] £9 09 ¢G ‘TIOM A9ID OHOMIODOY | Dae Bi nsletgiine iteicine ehes meinen cue wees ZS : ; : Z peerins aS “yulog-Ou-4urog | : Be iE IEEE SSE rec es : : : : g ERS “4 “IOATY OBUIOJOd JO WINOW | Bremaie DERESaE bares ous Be eee 5 Sak ; pees As __ ‘AOATY guexnyed Jo qyno, | “6 Ceo rman. ere Pe a i : A os 3 nae z Ee “SIITA FBELH | * SEE ue re Ee en nae Cees : Poonree : Re Bie S |? = “pur §A0[ suey | Hed oer Senet hr mem aD : s : : ; ee I ‘quiog winigq | ere He : a wiseeae : 5 : suerse pb *qUIOd 9AOD 979491 | _% cUpLs * Ce hee cs Ria one : ees foo) (2) sae, souo0r | ; e : Se ae : ; oe Lo > . Fy i JOUsIIg | : ; ; ; ee s Se eras BUTO WOATR | 3 ; ee : : : aoe ie ; surpuey oddeiy, | * : ae : 5 : kore AQ a "IILH puss | ; 2 ae £ BL oe sere Bs PORE re] as *yeodp ULOsSOTE YORad | a De 5 : ; Siosapes “q oe _ “UNY 1OUIOAOH JO YINOS SoTIUT Z | : ae se g Dra eee Pas : i pare 5 Bie: (pog todd) uny IouULeAOy | é sek is SOR ONeeE each ners . : 5 a mates 4 Ne *(poqg todd) puog Seq | ; i ee Browse ee eaen aes : 203 : rae : Sane p ‘OSpPlig] 1dA0q | * : * * ew te 5 A A % 5 ate y =] “IOATY YUvydogy | _ 2 Sees eee Stee Po eas manne A : ine 2 “uo dy | 5 : : : satin DSataee : : 3 $ Ears B “oL0gsuserA | E LAs : NOUS 000s 0.5 16 sOs oe puea ee j Rete 5 Cet S on ‘unY LOUIOAOD JO GINOS Soi Z | te ee ee ee ee Brit eae : Z 5 as : Siena a or ‘uny 1oOUIDAOY JO WJ10U OTT T | 3 $ ae 5 PE 3 2 ees fy 2 ‘unY LOUIOAOYN | * F WME meade craved Re ealecsterire Hive 2 me c eeratiad y) 5 *puog Sxyq | : eo Saas SS aaa Se eee : : Ht I N “SITUA SIAR | : RCMP AED SEU Say AE. 1 SpTRUMEL oe Serer ran oe Se E : H — ‘S119 y prarg | : $ eee SRO eee one SP ee i poe eB *BAOPION | % Te ee en ee ee : : T 5 : ‘rousing, | Fae Oe eR ee ee OTe eee : econ: o *yooIQ pxrBuody “4g | * She ratDabis Mig Sb pa srsNRINs tobe ne EDs coreBL BL ial ron bem citer lethal etek cberseeee tes : B z as na ‘juIod Mud meq | RE ee Pe aE aia oes See eee oe PEL eee ; ae : aa Op, ‘javy A souo0r | * SS Re a ee Aer ae es suis adele NP ieee ae cone 4 ed 5 he Bo ‘unyY TOUIBAON JO YYNOS solTuU ¢Z | : eee ene ae Ee ral ee ee ea aon eee xs 5 BS eee N56 “(ped IaMOT) UNY TOUIBAOY | eB ee er erate het ee Ret eee eat See Pe home ores 5 Ben ‘ iets oS “(po IOMOT) puog 3B]q | 5 cae oig AL Re cobra A cecelee aia iaiaie® sm greet siearal canes ane M ge cece taltoiel sia pots : ee A cass *H901D PlOHON | . Peer nnee Cee Dt ie eaey ee me Om ener en Teh urere yeti crm. red iz bet s Seyi OTH 69 25 OOH Or DW exvill GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. wm S| dlc 5 3 fe! lls : = e »| (S'S) la A A SI A SPECIES = Je] lolol z | |S is Sa pagans = Sie) pe) rs P| i 4) | Ise iS aS 33 e 3 Cl 5 q a Rial laa! |S F S| |g F 2 s ele 215 He, >| pia rs Ss o = o Ais a'a \@) fon i a Ee d wm COELENTERATA. Anthozoa. | Paracyathus vaughani Gane ............ Bol Fs)! ee Rey Oey et ik po Ns Astrhelia palmata (Goldfuss) ........... Bl Pcl Br eal [el acl ed cl ee ~ Astrangia lineata (Conrad) ............ rel 4 te se Fae Fm Py ae ee Be 7 Astrangia (Ooenangia) conradi Vaughan .}..}..}..[..J..[..|. fe e[eclee|e feels cfeeleclesleclesle [ecleclealeclec of Septastrea marylandica (Conrad) ....... eafeafes|eefna[as[ae[ealee]iai[ecleclacfacleclecie|esfealesfes[es|ce|se|ee]os|eelec|ste|ateleats Prorozoa. Radiolaria. | Distephanus cruw (Bhrenberg) .......... Se 6] ho] ol ae) 2a rel Biol Bo hol Be) Sell Ae Bil seesel cl ae Bel hela oel ba al fesils Distephanus speculum (Bhrenberg) ...... iehsie] srol| stel sie}es|'e)s]|siellere|'s alae] als efmatere tanto re) coke] eeletohetn emanates ite Pe Dictyocha fibula (?) Ehrenberg ......... Rebvaiters)|atar te soliace| selevel enchare lore laclwes Imation he Sele cae Lithocampe marylandica Martin ........ 4 a1 BE] Bel AS al icy oc! Sel bei bal ise bcd Be el ou Ales ie O3 Hucyrtidium calvertense Martin ......... eaiferallacs |aelf's ail sis} se] ere eral otal mcot ade Ml erddee ares Seale ele Stichocapsa macropora Vinassa ......... ates eel acs lo statieall ate eel este alt males eae lace Anthocyrtium doronicum Haeckel ....... Sel oe] Bel Ba beled dled bd be at sles Sele Lithastericus radiatus Whrenberg ....... BR cl be al seller 5 Spongasteriscus marylandicus Martin ate Ailes le mate Dictyoryne profunda Ehrenberg ..... 5 A ea oe xlee} xs Rhopalodictyum marylandicum Martin mfere)| stecs||aral srulersfareileinlacctarctere} al geste) erekeve | atefee| pel tae Bey ial a] ie Rhopalodictyum calvertense Martin ......|..!..|.. palealecles AF bc Sled cae Porodiscus concentricus (Bhrenberg) =1/)80) | Bol 60) Ac] Gc] Biol Slate od pel Gict eal Gq) Sel oeloallsalerelalise Sisal ge Phacodiscus calvertanus Martin ......... 325) 876] 8 Pro Ae etal rel 8) ae) Heo) ie) icy ey aed Peel eo scl ise ae ale ad Bc Rac CONNGTHUAUMN GDS, Te xen oiss are a cleusie e fiwis oo . . Bales satscoligele Cannartiscus amphicylindricus Haeckel Bil atell stall ncailerall atelfecs fares sledlee oligel stele Cannartiscus marylandicus Martin ...... Satna Sceif ara Jere Sather axe ee 4 [PJbolbells Acanthosphaera parvula Vinassa ........ scl bel Ba Ral eal be cals we fe sae] Hexalonche microsphaera Vinassa ....... walsafeaisielns|crlecfoatestectac|calostealealesleatectscle Car a Z| ae "Bug s,Ao;30vy | ae Re 2 eee rere ey ee ee eae ee ewe ee = ‘qulog wnzq | oe Skee Bon ey Kae Pees poner Pe eee ae ee 2 "quIOg OAOD O1931T | abe See are a ae ee ee Sei: ae eS eae a _ {228 Sm Sora oe a ee ee ge ee ee = “[0}S11¢1 | SE soot, ale Ps SE RNG Seas STR Se a uoReUMIOg FUBdoyD “BUTO eATRO | San ee ee eee Ee ee ear 2 a Surpuey oddeay, | ae TSS CEN OP ae ecg ea eS eh ee ee 5 Es “IITH pues | ETO SME fn ee ee Pe er ee a ee RIS 2 2g "yoor) WOSSO[Y YORAd | BOSSE TE Se Lr a eae See ee eee eras ap MS Ie ae Sc a os, “UNyY AOUAOAOH JO YNOS SopfUT Z | 3 Sina bat ECD INNes Ragen Rise eat Eee Eee a a5 -(pog todd) uny 10UIeA04 | er TSE ee ee Me ee ee = Se “(peg todd) puog 3B | She eating aT ea as ie eee Py Ea Se in Rae ee b ‘esplag 410A0q | eS as Ss ee Fe Ce ees at “19ATY HUBIdOS | RTE SU Aes Saheim Seoave aM cove stoic he Dic as aateeimier is aes Tee i ee mice ° ase a "ao 1d Ly | ae Sse te hae eee mee cane eed SITUS LENE oiamcoliey Unc daubebe eta sha ae tae a oie ee & *O10qgsudeIy | eRe Se ee et ee eee Sire Sodsres eas suesmeeaeseis ws oem eae stes aislr si = ‘Uny IOUIOAONH JO GyNOs soil Z | awe Since eo ne ee ee Bee tere aa ae ee are eens A Ss ‘uny 1ou1aAoy JO W10U V{TW T | eee Saghls naw ids ni cennne Ae SUNT odes Sue MMe a na eee. Sanne i o “Uny IOUIBAOY | SOtiAeaS oe en ee ae oe ee oe ee Oe ne STUNG, Das WOME oe ctor Son os es Mle ew NE eine =| a Se ee SIRE RGEC CRO RES SRO ROO OR ae eo ae Esa Ea i 5 puod sRiW | Se aoe era phon s erase cetera) REPENS Re cence Smee Sees q N “STILIA STAR | eae SR ee ee ee eres Rk Are GR PE OE CReES, 5 ‘S\dt9y prAeq | eee Rie Siee) re ey Ss ley eenis ean oes penetra BLiae Cyne Se hie ier Seheho nL aL aa cals mem sinetes i) *BAOPION | Pec eas Bd Teens ig Sia boas aseyevers os bap isos aio iaie we teke eke eee ae a eee Le oe a ; “19uIN, | ANE a Se Seah tial oebehschmaune Gisiay ng tevtee ote Mucmeat Wit Re a ei a eer ee ee Om to so “yooIp prvsuosy “4g | Smoniemivies SHS ats Wes hu sieaok vel ste a aati tat tae stain ead oie Se a ee ee Re ae ES ‘quiog Mvdaeg | signe SPrseean eee iecaee a eacu lee is Meta stra ool ears ee era ay Cena eee © *JiBy MA SeU0L | Pe Sees eee ea ee eee Hee KHL HD HD De Re RI Pe TL a To Et Os lao on oo be oo oO og ‘any 1OULBAOH JO YINOS SolIM ¢g | eee So Tuy lobe av epie te Wiccan aces Re iat eee oa cane Pico ee eet eee es ea ee N6 “(peg 19M07T) UNY 1OUIBAOYN | Soh ae eae eran a ee ee aati SSS ASRS R ES Siete LY e Siu iaoratetes sha reese =) 3 Spica cre chai eacpe caus rhc aed aces Dek ead ceca Pua oES eos eras en ene | ' ! ; } ! ] 4 : . } 5 Cambridge well, 192-335. CXxX GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. CALVERT FORMATION. | | | | Bie PORE lok | by tel | | | ‘ sial : | | Fa Pie} | | : 2 St | a) SR yl 5 rolealae | | |q : SPECIES. lel | | | lglg] (gigi & 1 = al | [Sc | oe J - ~ Aa) | =/5) |sis) |e a | | lol te 2 i fe | | {Efe lala) |£ a | | = fe cE S| jae) |e 3| | | S| lg £| | |s lo | Pals J212! jo a < a] |= Bre a |® | Jools! jal | 15 A] IA als 5 = | SlalacP! {2 > 52 ba bar = Px -/8| |o Ke] | lo} | Sele! | O| ly lee] ee] ee Peed ed foal Ra] | lee) (SHBISISIS| IE) | BIS) le} lelulol Si| | (SelBlalel late 2] deeb eSieel_lsecue secede] | Seeec Ek | 0} < lei S)a) a) e\5 Dl) H/H|Slalolo Re) ml Si4isia Bla SE clee a tae CaS FCS CCl MIe| ldlesieehelek 0/2)5/ 8) 8) SS e S1S/o(2\SS (Sistas S/5/ 8] 15 |mla/S la SIS Olam Bim lO|Sle ala aol SOE Brora Oe) b la Sela lores Sal Sie! oS lq\S\2 alg] S/O/Ee oS ASO RE eo Weel sralelo Eis) Ws! Sra sala OlZlsialolslala| Sisle slHlS SSS SS a SlS|alelorslamle } aia Ve FICS le ese fs fe aS SSIS Alco lem A oo ISI lO \ | | | | | | baal 4 y. > ove la ie | | | | | | | | } | | | | Prorozoa. Foraminifera.—Continued. | | Cristellaria wetherellii (Jones) ........... Fa (Spa Pa a Pee a Pe BV Deal el 3 l. Polymorphina compressa d’Orbigny ........ Foal eo ev tea eal tel Re hele l. Polymorphina compressa var. striata Bagg. ..|.. 0.0.02 +-{.-)e- srl I. Polymorphina elegantissima Parker & Jones..|......-.--\..% > sal sleeonite Polymorphina gibba (d’Orbigny) .......... Pe) ee meleiess Baie elon Polymorphina lactea (Walker & Jacob) | ers eal Sst Bic ceed es elas | Dales Polymorphina regina Brady, Parker & Jones\..|..|..|..|-<\*+|<+|a|esfee|es[eeles|es[eelesfecleelecleefeslecfeslec[eulecleeleclecles[oclecteclectes Uvigerina canariensis @’Orbigny ........... sol siallecifecelocfie|s «fared lerel|a a] stall ellee] ere]|s »|ier8] «/el[ere|iata} sisllie ef Lei atoll are ore lieved ereil evel ote iltese) renee Uvigerina pygmacw @’Orbigny ............. BF fon] ol ro Ga id oo bol ea) belocl baled oa adilodiaal an 88 nallecisalaaiealbalesltos|ticlac Uvigerina tenuwistriata Reuss .........e08+ Bde eal aal alloc ea! Faves as ales P WAGRING SHINOSE BASE cccicvcisiei « va muerte @ eleiouswalels By site| eal Pst La fel al aT C Ale S| balloa |. Miliolina seminulum (inné)............ Paecetole lore saters||leeorall evalllere Jecealesfecleclec|erlen Jee dite Pa palscic “t's Spiroloculina grata Terquem ........... Balbe bol ba oa] Ag te sifao| Gl eal eclag leul eielloc janticic| Gol Bel lao\ieelioaiod| Gaisqioa b slce)s Spiroloculina tenuis (Czjzek) ........... wefesleeieeeelesfealenleafeelasleelecfecfeclecfecfen eefeslenleale veleefe|s see esfee]s | | | | PLANTS. Diatomacee. elt Fas | | | | | | | Tout | Diploneis microtatos var. christianii Cleve .|..|......++)+-{e.)eeee]eele ols Poles Hao sell asters alsalemts Rhaphoneis gemmifera Ehrenberg ........ S8l Ga bale oe ag eel es asl Bol bate ale % |e lee ap aloe a eet ee Sceplroneis caduceus Ehrenberg .........- lel avail oes fatetticrs | el hag d ete sterf et] Scod ag a * of ool ye Slo chests Stephanopywvis corona (Ehrenberg) ...... Psa GA alba ealoa tea e Al ATE ol le Bo be A i es Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) ............ Be ee) Bol ol eed esl eo elise ole fae] ye ail araileiel ats s|oeleils Biddulphia acuta (Ehrenberg) ........... Belbcl od aoled Scllao lee slant Fef'Si0 alt i}ee}erlls Biddulphia condecora (Ehrenberg) ...... seecofore|iore| ee [ovalice| sels a) oe) le) geil oe | ere] re faze | ova ots ee | sre] ok sr el fe eee se fee sted ar eee ce Biddulphia decipiens Grunow ........... Ae Ral eal ea bal eal Bo Go) ool Geld ice eal Ga Be ed Rolie malBaliad Bete Boleelas! bala c Ba id Bo ele Biddulphia interpunctata (Grunow) Be ba oes (Ee Pe War ed esl eg et ct ole he [i] - |e] |. Bee ole Biddulphia semicircularis (Brightwell) leaf ce loalce| a] abate AIF aed be ec A slashante Biddulphia suborbicularis Grunow ...... fee [a a j..| Se “ie Bolleelon loletts ee ee) Biddulphia tessellata (Greville) ....... aa sels |x| Alle alelicele otaleciee we[ee eels Graya argonauta Grove & Brun ........ SSAIISe Bliss baa|'s avail ellealele may Pseudauliscus spinosus (Christian) ..... efocloelee|neleslee|aeloetes slgts BEA al melo |. vals Aulacodiscus rogersit (Bailey) .......... Calhatecakere lel a va |x|. Ale ol ae Joe | xe I. abet Eupodiscus inconspicuus Rattray ....... afeefecles|eelee[e clon] ge leefecle eter! x]. oles # lee] a]- #|* Actinoptychus heliopelta Grunow ........ selenlecfon[ecfoelecfeafoeleelocfeeleclenleae/eoleeles | x | Selle lesles Actinoptychus undulatus Kiitzing .. 1... 4)+-|e-)e ele . bevallen nied eectttoral local orafierailleve lt ceil eralleeelicse bereltaibe laste Craspedodiscus coscinodiscus Ehrenberg Shela Wel baleclisalesladiac|eelballeslt a slee]e 3 mals Oraspedodiscus elegans Bhrenberg ....... all eel bee eelaraloe| hal eral Walled eetoator «Jae |ee[eeloe]e Alb viealeele Actinocyclus ellipticus Grunow .......... al eal rele] Ped reals lexs Re aleallesdl alee Wella le Heals Actinocyclus moniliformis Ralfs ......... seal Bolas) Selon allo) : slafecles le leelaleele “| «|| Coscinodiscus apiculatus Ehrenberg ..... safe] % |erelorelegl eats s ale s|-|=s]oche-locfectucles|=slee]se|se| los in 16 t= GD RAMA eS Boe ie se Se Oe ee Seria (aoe ee “UOLJBULLO SATB “Jy | ein eS A ah SOs Ox * Sipe a ui ions os os ‘uOIBUIO, YuRIdoYy |} ee: * - 3 ( (ped todd) 6 au0z | “uorPeUIOY yuvydoyD (pog tomo) LI 0U0Z fe re oy ake oe er 4 ! Se. RES ue OB *UOIYVUIIO J JIOATVO | ee ke oe ene ee “BTUTLOIT A ‘SHILO TUTHION | CXX1 “BIULSILA 10 puvl{ie yl | Do I Dg |e ‘dnoiy exvodesayy | TIOM AITO EMOULODO?" | JERR RES cats Minos aes ss ‘UMOT, MON | OC mbit Cee eco Omer eG “puvlAreyy, | CBO Pn Soke SrRomD Soe (Z) AGUpBOO'T | Deseo Caer sour oe ree (2) dnory oyvodesayg | CHESAPEAKE GROUP. “TIO M PSPIIquULBy | Bee PAU oe *499J OLT JO WIdOp 4B [[9M VITLA1IqUAD | Bea ECE OeCe > Mea UOI}BULLO WT *IOATY JUeXxnyeg JO yO | (d) “TOATY SATB “4S | 8, AIvJ “39 *T1I9M P[PUSIID | CONS, i Oe we oe Ons “TOATY 8, ATV “9S | To Sa ee ee ‘doap qos G) 04 6 ‘TIO M A919 axOuLO00g | “doop Joos £9 039 EG ‘1TOM AJID 9YOuLOIO | cree. OR Eee ia mace “qulog-OU-1UI0g | SOS OMSL oon ae aoe “IOATY OBUIOJOG JO GQnoy | “IOATY JuOxnyeg JO yIno, | “SITLA FBOLD | ST. MARY’s FORMATION. "Ung s.Aopsuvy | Sree eee ‘yuyod winaq | “‘quIOd 9AOD 91941'T | Seth leben ala earettel iis Met aetre (2) *"JaIBY AA SOUOL | SST SES Mog oe sete we smemwe uorRUIOY yuBydoyH { ‘SHIIO WOATBO | SCORER AGE ci Dk Se TS ‘sulpuey oddvay, | “TILH Pues | Te ee See “yoodp WOSSO[Y WoRod | SE SR SEO apart eae aaa ‘UNY TOUIOAON JO YINOs SojIU Z | MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY *(peq todd) uny 1ouraAoy | LOCAL DISTRIBUTION. (peg todd) puog Ri | ane ene ee Zone 19 (Upper Bed). ‘eSplig TaA0q | St Pree 2 oh else Bunring “IOATY YuBRIAOYO | eae “uoydrys | Bes “OLOGSUBIAY | “UN IOUIODAON JO [ANOS SoTIUI Z | ‘uny IOULBAON) JO W410 aT T | ‘uUny IOUIBAOD | ‘puodg Sv | Zone (?) ‘SILL STAB | ‘S10 y plang | "BAOPIOD | CHOPTANK FORMATION. “1ouIny, | “oor prvuoey “49 | “qulogd MBd Me | “Jrvy M S9u0L | ‘UNY LOULDAONH JO [INOS SOTIU Z | ‘(po_ TOMO'T) UNY IOUIAAOD | Zone 17 (Lower Bed). “(peg 19MO7J) pubg seq | *ya0dg PlOMOND | CXXil GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS EXPLANATION OF CHARTS OF DISTRIBUTION. The following charts contain only those Mollusca of the Maryland Miocene which are found in regions outside of the State or which range below or above the horizons from which they have been described in this report. The charts have been arranged as follows: Column 1 gives the range in depth in terms of fathoms for the genera, sub-genera, species or varieties placed opposite. A zero indicates that the species occurs at low water mark. When no depth is given it is believed that the form inhabits shallow water near shore or between high and low tide. Column 2 gives their extreme northern range, and column 3 their extreme southern range so far as itis known. In the columns from 4 to 15, inclusive, are shown the conditions under which the forms were found. An asterisk (*) indicates that the form was picked up on the beach or secured between high water and fifty fathoms. A dagger (+) indicates that the form comes from fifty to eight hundred fathoms. When a dagger and asterisk are both present, in some locality the form was found or sup- posed to exist in both shallow and deep water. Columns 16 to 38, inclusive, show the geological horizons in which the various formations have been found in regions outside of Maryland. “When an X is placed in the column, it indicates that the form has been reported from the horizon, but no locality given. The numbers refer to the various localities of which the following is the key: LIST OF LOCALITIES. 1. Alabama. 16. Bridgeton, N. J. 2. Alaska. 17. Cainhoy, S. C. 8. Alligator Creek, Florida. 18. Caloosahatchie River, Florida. 4. Alum Bluff, Lower Bed, Chattahoo- 19. Cape Fear River, N. C. chee River, Florida. 20. Cape May Well, N. J. 5. Alum Bluff, Upper Bed, Chattahoo- 21, City: Point, Via. : chee River, Florida. 22. Cocoa Post Office, Choctaw Co., 6. Antilles. Alabama. 7. Archer, Florida. 23. Coggins Point, Va. 8. Artesian Well, Galveston, Texas. 24. Costa Rica. 9. Ashley Phosphate, S. C. 25. Creole Bluff, Grant Parish, La. 10. Atlantic City Well, N. J. 26. Crosswicks, N. J. 11. Bailey’s Ferry, one mile below Chi- 27. Cumberland Co., N. J. pola River, Florida. 28. Darlington, S. C. 12. Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. 29. De Leon Springs, Florida. 18. Bartow, Florida. 30. Dinwiddie, York River, Va. 14. Bellefield, Va. 31. Dismal Swamp, Va. 15. Bowden, Jamaica. a2 uplin iGo. IN. aC 67. 68. 69. 70. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY . Eastern United States. . Eephora Bed, Alum Bluff. . Edgecomb Co., N. C. . Fail Post Choctaw Co., Alabama. Office, . Florida. . Gaskins Wharf, York River, Va. . Goose Creek, S. C. . Grove Wharf, Va. . Guion’s (Mrs.) Marl Fear River, N. C. Bed, Cape . Gulf Coast. . Haiti. . Heislerville, N. J. . Hinds Co., Miss. . Jackson, Miss. . Jamaica. . James River, Va. James River near Smithfield, Va. S sericho: IN J. . Johns Island, S. C. . Jones Wharf, Va. 5. muee Co., . Magnesia Texas. Spring, Alachua Co., Florida. Magnolia, N. C. Martin Station, Florida. Meherrin River, N. C. Murfreesburg, N. C. Myakka River, Florida. Natural Well, Duplin Co., N. C. Hernando Co., . Neuse River below Newberne, N. C. . Newton, Miss. . Nomini Cliffs, Va. . North Carolina. . North Creek, Osprey, Florida. . North Creek, Little Sarasota Bay, Florida. Oak Grove, Florida. Ocala, Florida. Peach Creek near Arcadia, Florida. Peedee River, S. C. Santa Rosa _ Co., scl +1 =] 1 ee Oe “1-1-1 -] ~ oe 0 4) SONA 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. lO ie 108. 109. 110. | . Purdy’s @XXil1 Petersburg, Va. . Point Shirley, Mass. 3. Portland, Maine. Prairie Bluff, Alabama. (Mrs.) Marl Fear River, 8. C. Bed, Cape . Sankaty Head, Nantucket, Mass. San Domingo. San Pedro, Cal. . Sapote, Costa Rica. Santa Barbara, Cal. . Santo Domingo. . Shell Creek, Florida. . Shiloh, N. J. . Shoal River, Walton Co., 5. Simmons Bluff, S. C. . Snow Hill, N. C. . South Carolina. . Suffolk, Va. . Suffolk Florida. on Nansemond and York Rivers, Va. . Stone Creek, N. J. . Sumpter District, S. C. 2. Tarboro, Edgecomb Co., N. C. . Tilly’s Lake. . Temple Place on York River, Va. . Turk Cave, Alabama. . Turkey Creek, S. C. . Urbanna, Va. . Vicksburg, Miss. 99. Virginia. Volusia Co., Florida. Waccamaw District, 8. C. Walton Co., Florida. Wahtubbee, Carson Creek, Miss. Warwick, Va. West Florida. White Beach, Little Sarasota Bay, Florida. Williamsburg, Va. Wilmington, N. C. Woods Bluff, Alabama. Yorktown, Va. Columns 39 to 46, inclusive, give a summary of the geological distri- bution of the various forms. In compiling this chart only data secured from the works of the more recent investigators have been admitted. Dr. William Hy Dall ot the U. 8. National Museum, has been most helpful in generously allowing the writer to freely consult unpublished notes. a Ep 5p | | es = Se ra] ha | i) a = z |= a pas a ls Bona = | = Ks Slors| || | |e eh | 5 | s Ala /3| slOrcis| (SISl le AS} | > om | Jerma | OO] CO ly ic 5 2 3 | e Sie ls/amie is atlelee 20 ay | oa | S035) 5 2) | a ALARA 3 | 3) | 5 OF S/O) a SiO oO) o/ 50 fe] Z 72) Zr Roses axs aes Mo.Luusca. Gastropoda. | | | TACHEOW) ere) o esis, « Sonnanoop ooo adigou eet 7-2574 | N. Atlantic Brazil hl ttl t ltaltaltsitelty|--)t]. Act@on pusillus (Worbes) .............. 111-450 | N. Atlantic | Havana Jecles|o{oe|e] tT] T]-. lt}. Act@on shilohensis Whitfield:........... 2-63 | Cape Cod | Haiti Je -|e-lTa|--}ae |e |e |e ela [eee afe ROME UC et Oe Rs sank coratohata ota leeer lanerintelivehenoinse 5-200 | Hatteras | Barbados Jevel'e «acl ot |) fet= | eeeleral tate LOSES yO a IO BaOL 56-1000 | Norway | Brazil [hale efhal Tt] Tae fe ee (hele PRL Cylichnina 31-294 | Arctic Seas St. Thomas xe [oot] T] = <]le= =<] = =i) Pile ollge ae TICVEDR Gg iets ere ven ticle shstsreiwvepelanere ote wtevotans 3-640 Maryland Venezuela ets Ales le ee tel oe (Tale lesen MEREOKASCACWS BOUNULILCOEG ALL Wore ate oue nae fame eleicce Worl aretetuia tata het ate te sieiavets, cszill| | soverertbe mpeeteralnetermeiatats ave sxel| ofl es i ei et» |] el) et ee INARA REM CEO TEV OO cps NOON OTA AKe pad ENganal |elmardeetie |onosbeaedunocdomdsna! | nasearsans sacgoonans sanlteisilerslllovalte wo: ccsil ayeil opel ore ee Terebra (Acus) curvilineata var. dalli Martin} ...... le sineoibinra cits Sa dev heteatalatceey ||| Gacvesaeetecnn:suotloisen carats Weve lets anal atell [slave aved hall esl | Terebra (Acus) curvilirata Conrad ......| -.---- [tte eter eee eeee | eee ee cree cee eee ees selaoyeciionle velesfesleelealen Terebra (Hastula) inornata Whitfield ....] .«..... |i kataraie, svlietale iiesayoraiala' ares, d] use opens manieter ale ottonetentens Silo lou) /sal s1ai] 5 rail ata eel patel COUT NGS odo ok bocdae eieyatis¥alioleUn! epe)selieslie\eret= 0-200 | Hatteras Brazil J. -[+={Tae| =| ae] oe tae! oe [Tal ae | ae fee VGMMOTONLMS Staley steeds =< Sisto ede toi siele levohe chose: ere 26-1591 | Hatteras Bahia Salas oil fo tL ape WS ks et ck ky = | Plewrotoma (Hemipleurotoma) ......... 26-125 | Cedar Keys | Barbados Jeejec|es|eefee| tT [tals = [tale ele}. | Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) albida Perry) 26-125 Cedar Keys | Barbados wofesfectoelee| T ITl- Italo ole elee DCLG OURAN Mae BBO Nook GOaa Boe oeieenG bo 6 0-2620 | Arctic Seas Brazil tye) tte bal Ta tae tlt Tae) ae el a DECAL GUO 1) ATCC ONT G))\o sc: ce eteke: cust sists ehscealie tecidoen ||| cextsamiact sites Oueaiee Iogosige coanebancnosac BGs bel laalaripato te allealaolc! Mangilia (Glyphostoma) .............6. 15-447 | Kast Florida | Barbados Hevoilloveit “Ei (thetic ere leteal JOY CUNO» RPO aeons, AC eye ea eee dr 3-1920 Rhode Island Bahia Talete tlt: talts Rud tx . DLAC MORLULECLOU WLATEIN (os cures cfole crete Sel” Lise Wine dssinas memes lsd etetsuen avakerel nlaveiehetelererne ls alstelorhee level Sl valeife Driltia pseudeburnea Whitfield 2... ..0 55 cf ceeees | secece vee PORTO Monee aoc a coOaNG Daas OOM CHUA 8 Fora djarstelscnedslioic c atehers cocebelares 38-49 Hatteras Guadalupe Concellaria alternata Conrad ......0..-0c) «o0re- Neeser estes Hanks Toe Gar 5 lidecagacacugavoncadna Cancellaria (Trigonostoma) ............ 18-49 Hatteras Yucatan (DIVER ee BI Bin Cie a ee or cen eae 0-73 Hatteras Brazil Oliva litterata Lamarck ie 0-2 Hatteras Vera Cruz WMG GUINVELULG: ryan tatters 8 cov topo bolbee ancl eilenevece ce 0-1002 Rhode Island | Brazil | Marginella minuta Pfeiffer ........... : 5-294 Fernandina | Barbados relate | Marginella denticulata Conrad .......... 5-294 | Hatteras | Barbados lta] « GOGO” Puiieusiecccate ile oie cuicvele a thors eke 10-509 Hatteras Cuba ait) eal SCGDMCUG \CAAIFINAD) a. < oes lacie sate tesa nase ein -| 34-509 Hatteras Cuba SollG RSet) NCADNELG(AMinig MULEGU ia (Conrad), Ss] ) mice > Aine nictelviareisvelspereletaleYaiclsios ||lseeieecieelld wto\e\erol ofete ieietars Bea alleles SCOpnellan(Adrinia) obtusa (Hmmons)), «cll svases ||) wea councils seiineeeiemeet la ceeeaonsesespacietine acdfiovsille i) evell evel lotel enna Scapnetlaitrennhomii (G(R). oeteias oe Sale teense ©. linemeteiicts samerit | lees eam csiceneanias ance So) fecl asl ere) Sista oil < HERE “Gols Btls BOGE chore ae BO De Opn eee 7-640? Cape Lookout Bahia Jee Tox] | ae Tae tal tae tae! | «| THN IES OSes NOTRE RIE RCT CRO eae ne 0-50 | Beverly, Mass. St. Thomas ¥ |Tal | |e) ge |e |e lentes Futgur alveatum (Conrad)... sc eee cf sscuee | eee seee cere eeeees Reb ertaqumsee onacona. Be BA pea inciealian| alleclsie|..< COU COUD TIED © Sao ad acon den oneue de Hee 10-2033 | Arctic Seas | Jamaica GE PLe lL) Le AY [1e| acdc! elle area = WRELUSULTUL Lae eee emsa01s1e1d Tl shen) RANGE. GEOLOG *snosoRjo19 *snogoR1o1pD > ‘QUdD0T] “QUdDO Sone eee ee See eres at, eae ng aaa —— ‘QUDDOSI[O poyVIyuoIIYIpuU () “UBLSANGSYOLA PoPRIyUSIOYIpU /) a ete ae SERS aS hes fone nea Lee eae ye ‘Spog] BARTTBNYD SREP ae ct Se DESI Sea) ae ESN GH Rat rea PLS — -dnoay pn ous A aa oe Ie Te EN SN a AOI We CONES aaa “uvlodiyg poyenuateyipuy Oc Oe RNY Ata LT oN eee ee erm ae ees em9D05TO ‘Speq soqoooyRyeqD SP ORRh (sh ate go ace 5 OMEUADIE. HANA ur RtL TM HR Re Cet oe: ‘spoq, Bdurey, SS See tio eos week a TELS em TOS UN EES ALS SN UOTE St ig a ICE *spog XOTIS Sea ‘spog, BTOdryO Ree eee | ee] } | | | | | . | eee | | | wees . . . . . | | | sece . . | . | . } | . | ee . | ‘ | . | | . . oe | | | . . . ljuatstels | | | . | . | | Cd eee | eeleel « | oe . | | | . ante “alla | see . | sane o| eee | | e| oe o. | . | | —“Spoq XB[NBYIAO : Ta 70 Seed, 4 i 2d C x 2 Eb alge See 3 P ee ee aot at aca ie aus Me Dia acetone RUOLISUBT a Saeed O Ciara Sino ee erat ar Seas ior eM Sa ge CaS ONE Ort sre OR Soret) Teich o* S fon} = ak pnt > lege cena we hie Pon een Ny alent ‘OUDDOTP PopVIpUOAITpu ys) a pine A RN aa ee top it Se ee One Iba a ee) be : : en Sae ag oes Tie meg ieee a "e AS © ‘OUDDOI) — 2 : ees een _ ‘ayvodesogy) po}eiuosoytpu /) OEE a ae ne A eR ete ee EP ee ON, ES PC ee REED sna a Aare es eee foe he gee Se as ecole cha cas ten EE ECO “UOLPBULLO Y JLBATB,) : SAG! Fe eta ooee aS RE te eR RPT RR oem Pare tea oNOe pe ; eae Scie ete : eS eee gees Sa Se See eee ee ee ea oe SC aS EEE Ee SE ee eee ee ee Ti ae el en RA RC SD A ad ee AS a Mig LS wre cal bah a gta Cp el OB TL A te ON ‘aie aya, eof Bey Le Me eee) © “OUDDO![d POPEIPUOTOYIpPU [) Ne Sa ees tC e head toler tare Sar eo LAE io. Daun cn Okc Gen 46. Bice cH MO be a NOCC Ge Bn GevOO” Oh oon ee BOS TERRE CIT Se Sesto stn bola gm ovat cere Sabah Rey SONS eC Wet a: SUMTER get NSEC Doky: Suge | hermes ncn ahs ae “OUDDOI[ ‘Spog, OTGOIVYBSOOTVD SEE Sieh ee aS ag na INS RSA as ee Be mae te Ne ae ape Rap Ure SBE. ae ‘Spog, MBUIBOOR AY ses see “‘Spog, UBIROAD Rist cae fre spantn esa peereea er enue: Be Skene Sere REE PRC le eisc ates “9U990}S19[ qd PoyVTU9LOYIpPU |] SRE eae ad ie aes OEE Cee oR Eee Rey Gt en ree ere A Se CoueHOIRICNE: A ae eS eee ary Coe Craren Cue ar CRASS SEES Cem © rok Emit SOU tet eee 1 ee ee oe ee ee ee ee ee ee eh E re ae oe “speq BNiq suoulMte Le eee Le eS aT a a ee ee ee CXXvl GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS | | | SPECIES. taal | | | a e : : = | g 3) | 2 = ga aD | | | Sad a ® 3 a | | lS /PIS] las a | ee fe = || tiers] isi | 18 P : f El4/4]s\efeis) (EiSiole = 5 a | D lores | FS 1.55 |) 8 als 2/8 a) a ag |S) a) bool ale 2 ® oo = ~ Se MeAeiMarircicn ra] + =] | hy O|m olo K o| o S 3 5 o|.8\8/0/a1S\P|o\2|o/5 re Zz Ri i> PI a es | Mo.uuuscaA. Gastropoda.—Continued. | | LIT RR Bs cet OSG COT ONS DL eh, OOO tence 2-450 | Hatteras Venezuela fo ele (Tage Tel Tae Tae Te Murex (Pterorhytis) éonradi Dail che jexsvolezs|anyecine ets RSE Hers SSE OROT IS GEOG If OO COO, Roc COT aOoee s slovoed welomieele TU AITELS a. Anon Par ee in kai is Gucereo aah © Rees RIO 27-400 | Gulf of Mexico Cuba HPANSA. DTT G GIN I CORA AO CRO ie OE Oe 0-95 | Cape Fear St. Thomas : Muricidea shilohensis (Heilprin) .......] ...... a Bis | San nrn aod al Wonk doormacoar irda de sleustel stele LEAD WALL MO Ha DOO COI OO GOOG O OO OL CLO Oe 14-2033 | Rhode Island | Barbados «[te}- | «| WHOS ALD UND LA ton ote ne ee nae nee 0-988 | Nova Scotia | Key West cl |e» URGSQUDING FUSTICUS (CONTAC), icc crete ales|aincneee. | lleneuletsclelsisiecrdeve ae all Greene saae wraee eee atic | Sealeal ee HCRROTOLGUOATICOSEMEMASAYi)) evctode cuctacpateltell iat cisinc tates | tel! Eateraiate aveia'ela\lererciereieiefeis abil Metetednisls acctele)ele/aNateatatele ABallodacic Ecphora tampaénsis (Dall) .........2 2 ef ceeeee | cree ee cece ee eect eee | seceeeceene eee eees a [eval sce ere as OORUTO TU Sis oe eo hapotod ae eodcedene 0-878 Hatteras Barbados joe lee lta T foo Maton ae (Tale =| ae Coralliophila cumberlandiana (Gabb) ....t oo... | cece eee eee eee eee Gall oridaeHasOOHoOCO SOoc|p6 [fetietellepearsters QTUTTNE AS AIR OO OIESO IO OLOTRC OL C rO OT ruc 0-940 Arctic Seas Brazil Haltalte tel Tae Tel Tal x toed ae | | Scala sayana Dall 2.2... secs e ewe eene ord| | Weoadads Virginia Brazil se [oe lore | sil ei |e dott es ote ote Scala marylandica Martin ......-..eee es] ceceee | seeeereeeece ces eeee | seeees jae aes cess tees |. -JesJoelerleelecfeefee|eefe Scala (Opalia) .......seeeeeececceeees 8-294 | Rhode Island Martinique cel Bes (a el Beles eollod pease LOREEN TOO, | ERA CLONED COLD CCDOS Ds TORO NOLO Raa 11-1062 Norway d West Indies Itt tacit]. «Tal ae [taeltael- te PULUNGICDOTEQICONTAGS a epererecclet«)@ a, ofere oie) ol) oe tere North Carolina | Florida Keys .| alate aefae [ola DVS OM Meare Poke level olf hc ts lean sepa an).olcie busi olle te) on 8 cwhe Shel) 7-116 | Hatteras Barbados tx! ol T Tale ol ae * INASOMMNEALE CONTAG “ia qteyelors i) olele ole slo exe oom fl Nl winiein se icles leva otal raiarereMeerelan ill Xo etarel eran tetere even mtetaterotere sisters] ers'f'oin-« |oveliotell ecs!terel| si arta ate TE UAL AP GOODS OO Ol SOU EOD D iat) | | -songna | Hatteras Barbados leselosed i'l els «| aril ok [oe Vogel ecttonett ane COVES AD PLU ahd Sie he Bat LO OA CO OOOO CLC 2200 | Norway Brazil | : Jae |e tal x [toe] ae |e | ae] |e fee] Odostomia conoidea (Brocchi) ......+++-] ...se- | Hammerfest Gulf of Mexico |..|..|.-|..|--].-|e-Jec}ecle ole JUNI TOALGY @ BOB aot.o 2 OOO a OOO Cr Deter 6-168 | Norway | Barbados jeo|ea lt) T]-=/ | tT] ef |e ele UMP AIO UL WSS ACO Oe Oe OLIGO GO Oley GIG ea 1-1582 | Nova Scotia Brazil T) x Ital x | eltaltelteltael- «| | Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) ....-+.+2eeeceef seveee | Nova Scotia Brazil Joofoe| Theelaeleelee| ele |e =[e > Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) nivea Stimpson .| ...... | Nova Scotia Brazil feo|e | tle stale feel ae fac feeds ef Turbonitia (Pyrgiscus) .....sscecereess 2-107 Nova Scotia Barbados Fb a al Ce ea er he el alles Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) interrupta (Totten) 2-107 Nova Scotia Barbados veloc) Theoleelae |ac ae | T [ee] ae IE TALOMUUTIO a mene tele telens) is akebenilel she ie teiais (i e\'ats)i+ (ogni 3-121 Hatteras __ Bahia ‘ olen tyele bar Toe] ae Tel tanl oe | oe | DUMIND Sita dec 6 OMe AGO OUOe c.e po cero.d |) Loscode North Carolina West Indies Je ejee sae faz) at | ae fae fae fa fee] ees (OCIS WAvAlG GOO DODO OO OOS Onan ood (concerts Hatteras Brazil Jo +t xe | T tlt] x (hel & | LUATUO 08860 00 POUEACSOOUT OEE U6 ko OOD, 0-63 Hatteras Colon [eee o ite eae ele e|s INEM in etapa they ah Reel ORS Ge Canoe Rae ca 0-20 Mass. Bay Haiti. al lk * Loe Lae |e | oe [Lae Neilaaagamstt (eC men). ee ese ons calo or eeeaine Mass. Bay Jamaica eae wo |s ele efele| opis CERULIULO MEISE siejaicccbercs = sade scgete ein Stree atesctee 2-1181 | Pr. Edward Isl’d | Brazil Joe le etal tae Toa tl Te] ox Tae) oe I Cerithiopsis subulata Montague ......... 25 Cape Cod Grenada le | «| oe cbse tee (OMAED Ts OOS 0.5 BIOS COO TAGS On eee Ble Sen c 2-63 Cupe Cod Brazil la |. (Tl xl lala feel VAULTS: «ch NOOO ET UCCICIERTS Pet DORACRONS ic 37-805 Gulf of Mexico — Bahia ASE Talte| - (tae Vermetus graniferus (Say) ....eeeeeee ee] ceeeee | Vermetus virginicus ( Conrad) — BG aa oboos| |. estae LUT ELUCHUDS tealearhilterstc loss alerets 's, aieter Maeve ns cel otek 3-640 Turritelia indenta Conrad ..........000.0) secre : Turritella aequistriata Conrad .......... vs wef Bo TLUPriLeuld PLEO SAY, .. 1 sic lelu eye ois eye eiee pi ese els Hel aslcvaleeiie te Turritella variabilis var. cumberlandia Con.| .....- |. a|aJeelool. sel WAULLOPUIUG er tieteret rasatoredecavekolatercteretere el orehel ei te| oa ueterecras Arctic Ocean Fern’do Noronha | }..)}«|«/«\x/xl/e/l«\ele|* Bvetorim@trrorata (SAV). occ bcs dee wes ell — eleteces Rhode Island Jamaica aleejac [alae le ela [ae fae |e ele eee URGES OU Sie herds eget stoeoie lela wielniefeeaeratslel aero ioe 15-294 Rhode Island Jamaica Tt TE [ge loco Fgplierell ete thaclexel eee WOSBORUS, ((LSUDTS)) | Sye,e si ateva oe eeueye we el sre ele os 294 Fernandina Jamaica AG Pelocle deol collacllocles |a| 1° Rossurusd(aipis) dalle ( Woitheld). Sexcjoll, ecceeicn = lh centmaianee case emission isis eaenentenilstescetrinis waleel fe eal’ CXXxvVii MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY "SNO09OwIOA) “9UN00% "99003110 _oua00TW _ ‘eusd0l[d _ ‘Tied JO spog [BuoTIsuRLy, GEOLOGICAL RANGE | *‘sn09081019 “euUI00, __ 0ma00ISTOd | “‘JUd00T7 “SNOQDBIOIN “am000m7 “9U900SI[O PIyeIJUSIAYIpuy “URISINGSYO! A pojyeguo1o pI pu y ‘spoq BABTTENY “UBLOdIYD peyBIyueIeyIpuy ‘spog 9oyo00qR178Y0 ‘spog eduey ‘speg XoTIS “spog Blodryy — + ‘Tred JO spo | BUOTISUBL ‘spo xBlneqia *‘spuRg 9AOID 4RO ‘OUDD0IW PoIeIyUsIEyIpu “aUdD0IN : aan ‘oyRodesayy) poyRuerogIpuy *MOIJBULIO,, JAIATBO ‘OU9D0T[d PoeVIFUoLoGIpuU () “aue00T[d “‘spog oro, ByBsoo[Rg ‘spogq MBUIBOOR AA ‘Spod UBLBOT) *9u9904SIO[q ‘9U9D0ISIO[q Po}BIyUSIOYIpuy ‘spog Aqeyueg ‘spoq Puig suomUTg woe CXXVlil GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS SPECIES. ; as : 2 2 So Se E mR | D| a 3 5 cS DQ) eg . 2 f 2 4 | | Siler! igi) c =| | Za) sloj] .| IS 5 S18 5 5 5 ols/sigiolate| jessie () a — 38) SEO oI 3 |S 1 elo 50 > 5 eR oeiABiAEiot 2 6 SEIGISIMSIMEMBIE re Z D "Ziff lo fea Mouuvusca. Gastropoda.—Continued. SILO OO OC OO ODOT aus store syatette couenebete 22-310 Rhode Island Barbados Tle. Prog 1 Ey te tere eel es vet ae ee Rissoa 0-1290 | Arctic Seas Brazil togl eo Pal TY ETE tee tae Adeorbis 10-1290 | Norway Brazil 1979 Oe) Fel a cto Fea epee disele Adeorbis supranitidus S. Wood 15-25 North Atlantic Cedar Keys BY fo) alan died etic ollechie |i. Crucibulum Bod 3-231 Nova Scotia Barbados Se le of ake |= =| ecelf etches sell eed ene eal Crucibulum costatum var.pileolum (H.C. Lea)} ...+. | cece eee ee ceee ceeeee Antilles wif oveifelel scl oll eal ere | Beetham OLA GN OTT OD ASU BAG COG BSA Ga onigclll sobenda: "l-posodedoosiodocosdaos|| anSed0 ndconceoocodd BA) Fie) cl etal el (ae) loss) lon. Crucioulummuliilineatun ((COBTAG)) Perse cit sess ec)) ()|\ eis sere olale ate alain le\cleleis’ei gl) 8) a) oe eielele mtelsieteintel= Salle aif essallaellle «(are eral eet mee OMY DUE. Ecos Bia ders «ane mieten eae 6-52 Hatteras Brazil vefeefacleel ae alae le eda [ee]. Calupinearapertoa \(NOlanGer)) x je cio eel occas) fl euee wrleeteisinie ai stereis’erele! |) elaitelels e)atelel= giieiedereler al eral elel|e ole beresfere eet Calyptrea centralis*(Conrad) ..........] «=:«:: Hatteras Sts: of Magellan) |l3|sc}.clic|e.leclecientenelersta OF EDU ar metal cietia ese rone lave hia Botorsy Mies oe 0-487 | Nova Scotia Montevideo aoe face fae [ae] ae | ae | oe Crepidula fornicata (Linné) ............ 0-15 Pr. Edward Island| Cartagena xl aefacla|a fale laf ale Crepidula plang Sayy seve. > «cscs oh wntnce 0-487 | Pr. Edward Island} Bahia ae ATCC CO cots oie ga tpn ans is ea toke ae 50-378 Key West Bahia * | ASELO DOCS ROOD CuSO OOOO Geran Oc 14-274 | Hatteras Barbados bo | Xenophora conchyliophora Born ........ 14-250 | Hatteras Guadalupe : LE OUSMAGE Sal y) esis heaebalore alice, sc yo ie heemebade 0-640 | Arctic Seas Brazil | : POUMICES M(NEVCTIED) So) pe snc one oe 140-200 | Mass. Bay Barbados # | : Polynices (Neverita) duplicatus (Say) ...| «++++: Mass. Bay Vera Cruz . : BOLYIICES ((HUNGUO) sme ck de ee 0-1356 | Arctic Seas St. Vincent Pa Potlynices (Lunatia) hemicryptus (Gabb).| <::2+- | cecseescecsccecccees | os sett teceeeneeeeeee ae | Polynices (Lunatia) heros (Say) ........ 0-238 | Labrador Virginia =|... ISUGURCTUA Br ANG cnet abaya) + hemicisio oe ae 54-84 New York Brazil x Te COUMOSTONUD Bmtn ucts aiacehace «kee ora ete ook 3-805 Rhode Island Brazil “ CAlGoslomanOellum (Conrad) — fe sac kyeie eee pease teiel= ty bl ste vis creracciata cutee tater eterodd imate overs tsie’s oie ee eleielotetine srillaallaaieele (COLO Oy OLN OU LAO Toe YoU ER hcl) Soddeno = WlSsaucrccacoceoodncacs || syna) oeeodmougoccds BAiorttorlla-cy in Odiliostoma virgimicum (Conrad) 242. 22s senses ol ceeees cree nsec eae || etiees neces ome cce es scalllefellovel eel CaliVosLomaxaistanex( Conrad), — sr ote ats os acs AU) Secrest Oe ||) Sa saisss crear acaintactetalenteyerer lien oteio bn easicheye afele susie ola leet OCHO AD PEM AD AIT LOWEN) © SS Gag nedi) Sdberos -ljseooteqecccsocnanocde || goaua snnopodqdnonotd Salocle Heels (MMOS OTH CLT EN (CN Th EO Ds cigied.omee ccs (0 ouconc. iecocucsosmenencouonn: |Wadoodmmnn mooNGingdc BA lege all Catliostoma reciusum (Conrad) ....-....f savers | cecscesvecce cscacee 2) Sobcaddomageas Ag polo iclediocioc maior s-li- SHCUTOS COMO abel ciste ote re Wiel ebarernc Bide eee tatee 3-310 Hatteras Barbados ool tal bl facl T | [Pxl- (Tal eete ales OOCRIVOLE States = iverson contre ace een South Carolina Gulf of Mexico al a5 age |'evo fe =/| 5 oes eral | ee ae ae Cochholensisstriata Dall (. 5. cst aecssde cl sete Tampa Gulf of Mexico Bel Id aol ae) isha ole) oct ot: LAOUETIE SOA CB GO0 MO BOO OOO Gane Beet 10-294 North Atlantic Fernandina A Wal odor ecient led lse|ie| > BASS LCOAALACOSTE (CONTA), brs siecle cele ltl eos e ch all scccmmteeencmiecetine slr ll| meisateceis caisletattnetmia Be eel od bela Pel eictiacl ia HESSUTULEOOGUSCO MUA CONT AG) melee ehere oc HiL iesiisk oe Cll eae este aoe slereetell) Sassi ious sieve cistron «if ace ie { ere evellierel ate ete en | USSU CUMASSULOA eC ONLAG)) Cec ese aietereiete Nia ns enese anil saeleiete BD ee eae Po oo | arte gel te eo EN os oon B i ee netics g g | ler cee bay Passed Cs) ocean fe eos aR PoI SES) Ls Gone piso raietan eaten aee nS Sip) “OUDDOIW P9}PVIFUOIO BI PUL) P1IB i SSR ts Gi iy SB ies ee: ts (S48 50 a5 a re. er) wee. r=) * en RS) or) oO) mis) Be ltelalal eel ete & § = 0|H\2|SlelS)2|o12|5) 51° re Z | B 2 (Oc | I leo | | | Mouuusca. Pelecypoda.—Continwed | | | | | Tellina (Merisca) equistriata Say ......| ...... | North Carolina Brazil Bee enor Gel cele |isalPcitoc feu). Petting (Angus) decuivis CONTA o..creis evel Wieve ve |eewisitesietiwalelerectesjesiele | |afa's-e {aioe eel] ere out eval ne a ed Le Tellina (Angulus) producta Conrad ......] ...... Werso.siatharte Bate astye,cietee tan te Tellina (Angulus) dupliniana Dall .......] ...... IlceyRovevae atsremce pis eveistetelee PECUMAGNANGUIUS) CO WMNOF ODA. Sr Mtae Sa). Ye dcteet lia eeies ee ye areotaw eee Metis biplicata Conrad i223)... 6 csc e scene WER Rra ote thot tn ncetc VE ACOTUM SD tect ces iote ts iotei ea steuer tein sich eile heerceereve 2-100 | Arctic Seas DEMCOMA LENS! CCONTAG)) marstelste isis sls a)elels (el ele) ot aaiccmr [lbs sctefatoeeercietersheraaze tales IRA BEUGIN on oa co Sed glo o ON ood oo rpc 0-7 Pr. Edward Island | Petricola (Rupellaria) harrisii Dall Yat an Wigentimoate sete, teks amet | INT CRCUFUD. ove snes pat snes c esse cee s ene enae 2-200 Pr. Edward Tsland Collocardia (Agriopoma) sayana (Conrad) 2-63 | Pr. Edward Island Macrocallista marylandica (Conrad).....] ...... I giecateyhdelestelevanstars acshetees VLC TUB ite srete rata chi cipielietoradsyeite ‘scteiel eh ei-atenerede ahs 0-300 Nova Scotia Venus ducatelt Conrad 2. ..6. 2.6. 50s vee Se sntaian| Menenc Arca sc sone Venus mercenaria Linn€ 2.6. cccc cece sell sacves Nova Scotia Cytherea (Antigona) staminea (Conrad)..] ...... [Cea ee POON Gee OR rar Ace te DOBIMA ecw cscrcnececcrcccsecsecnce ae Cape May | Brazil Veco aed op ve age sent ol ee JDXOS ERO RTATCNOG Cie OOO ODO ODD ECG ol} ccopopelsd ecbaa, Saeoe Gucsaae, [| abociad opondopendosns WESOCOMOAG Here: ca) sree cusieNe cccrelete o eneueteialoreus tenth LTS vahits tenance aecee Trinidad ih Isocardia fraterna Say .....-..eeseeeeee] ..eee. Seber ccdaadahnGouos \onimduacogananoaspad BH id elloclea| polaalio||ecllee|/c o)'>- COMM — owen cece rse cscs ees er ene eres 0-300 | Arctic Seas | Cape Good Hope _ | ?| x \ts| «| taltatt «Ital |. -|> Canuium (Cerastoderma) laquectum Come Te cece... |’ Senda teen Gate nieioren | ainicetiiaee ieee eraeieias o-ollsiai eon eelionel| all eae hegel Cardium (Cerastoderma) craticuloide Con.| ...... | wc cece ee cece enc eens | tenet ee ee seen cones ee ee ee sell Cardium (Fragum) ......eeeeseseee ees 2-15 | Cape Lookout Brazil 4a] 61} oe) geil ec] seal eae lenalfteete Cardium (Fragum) medium Linné ....... 2-15 Cape Lookout | Brazil a Ble ell-ae lag | ocl| ella evalteat Cardium (Le@vicardium) ...cenceee race 0-5 | Nova Scotia Brazil BH eM eal Gal rid alle clo Cardium (Levicardium) mortoni Conrad . 0-5 | Nova Scotia | Brazil wade lag age I get ea ee Solecardia (Spaniorinus) cossmanmi Dall .f ...... | cece cece nc uacceees | sa eps |e Se es eta IS DORLEULG WRATLELAUI AI ais eo. sos)ererets net sias el uaicbio aes (il siamenieoina acces : MDOGUCLLA DELOD. Dalle ra epctansuekenauecevararsieterolal imrcteacae sce cenee mene eee Sportelia petropolitana Dall .....5..60.0) «sone Pesambo otboncad odode Hindstella acuta Dall ...........ceeeee dl | at sadtioc |; dor:S0e ate ohe letsterstaretoie vd ; ES OCR UTLONO UG | (EL. C208.) i Rave widrelo ators Gaal wstyeeas orl] eee wee eee ae IG in “asec acho nd Gitid Po adced Men Geen 8-15 Arctic Seas | Hatteras “alealie ? PANDO CIE NOLL GAC OTT Shiva tah es « [Tae] ae | ae (Pad ae |e «fe Chama congregata Conrad ............. 0-52 Hatteras Brazil Bc Sas otisss|| sell spell ona ae ge fet a Caorditanveraprocracta COnTaGs Seracisicieveietel t eceea ~ alas oes Kaas Ni nine ae mee eses call aie | sislfs ole eller eee ete ele WCTLETECON GAG a alee nehenoletecs oi cisicel=selleennte sues 3-435 Arctic Seas Charlotte Harbor |t|t/\tz| t]..].-)4].-|--|-- Venericardia borealis var. granulata Say ..| 50-435 Rhode Island Hatteras BA otetaelacl eal olisall: Orassatellites melnus \(COnTad)! <5 Scere case eae ee te nterriowios | MMatistamsistctargeintee severest Falea|eel selec) eei[s- eee oetee heel ee ZAC ARGS | Otic Cand Ord GeceOnald Ceo ICRO homo ee Grol 5-1568 | Nova Scotia Barbados ele eltal Tle oltathgt. Ital. lh ole CXXXlll MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY = "SN090B1910 < : “euB00m og : "9U90051[0_ | ; ome) —T[eq@ jo speg [euoMsuray, as i LORE ‘aue0OTH S a gta @ ‘euD00Id | eG : S a = Se “qu900%, *sn090¥4019 *snoo0R}o19 ‘9u900q “9ua00T ee eee poyemueroyipug UBIBINGSHOTA PoyejusroyIpuy — ‘Spoq BARTTeNy ‘dnoiy PNT 1194s — ‘uRodryg poyRguereyipu yp ‘spod edue J, ‘spog xo[Ig “*spoq ‘epodrg), “spog xBnRyqd9) [ | aS ‘spoq soqo00qRI1"q9 “TIC JO Spod { RUOTIISUBLT, PEuES osOr OO | Cy ra Soman a oO oD os Feo rar f Oe lig Diane ean beat S neh Soe oe 3 RN Spek tat em ees te ‘OUs00I PoYeueIOyIpuy | Suse Sy Or couse 8 one ‘5 Pe ese ‘EES. 1S: ane os Tens Sea es | <= ee ie SE Ege SEES US's . fie . . 15 - 8 cies tet? BL . 318 mS eS 3 © ‘OTODOTIN re ¥ Ieee Ot 216 ‘ayRodesoyy) payeijueda ypu () i “HOMBULIO, JIOATRO f i: *9Ud001[d PoyeI}UOIAyIpuyQ *aud00Id “‘Spoq Ofqo,BYBsoolB/) | ‘Spog MBUIBOOR AL ‘spoq UR1ROI1D *9M990}SIO[ poywus1IyIpuy “9UdD0ISTO[d “‘spoq Ayeyurg ‘spog PNT suomuUig CXXX1V GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS | Pecten (Chlamys) madisonius Say | Pecten (Chlamys)_ jeffersonius var. edge- | Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius var. SPECIES. MoLLusca. Pelecy poda. Gants Astarte cuneiformis Conrad ..........0.. Crassatellites (Crassinella) yalvestonensis Hs. Pandora Periploma Thracia 3 Thracia conradi Couthouy Mytilus Mytilus conradinus da’ Orbigny nate eV er suauer ays Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) ineurvus Conrad Lithophaga Lithophaga subalveata Conrad Orenella MRO DLOULS Rn Aap teists: Shae ato are coe AI ae Modiolus ducatelit Conrad ............. Modiolus virginicus (Conrad) ........... NO CLOLATAG PVE ner me ere ois an ce Ree AMLOUULG, tnbacs Baree ee ees ec ain lacone tee ae ee Anomia simpler d’Orbigny ..............| Anomia aculeata Gmelin ..............- | THEMUD Bars efeld pete Seay he hee oats anon ee AIC GUILE rn ea teehee ais ccaonee A eae Plicatula densata Conrad ............... UGHAO TG POI SM eee ee ee eee ST 2d | Ostrea carolinensis Conrad Ostrea percrassa Conrad FACOLEN MARV ar ycla ie dea clare store ciate. hope Pecten “(Amarin yee ees che Pecten (Amusium) mortoni Ravenel Pecten (Pseudamusium) ........<--+-.. Pecten (Pseudamusium) cerinus Conrad. Pecten (Chlamys) rogersi Conrad Pecten (Chlamys) clintonius Say ........ Pecten (Chlamys) marylandicus Wagner 0) 8.0/6 le) als) (6) 8) 06 eee ee ©) wiie|,s, =) 10,16. Pecten (Chlamys) jeffersonius Say comensis Conrad septen- OTUUB SOY ake! s ole ciel Site ie isis) 4, ers alee are vale ase Pecten (Pecten) Pecten(Pecten) humphreysii Conrad Melina mazillata (Deshayes) Atrina harrisii Dall CUE CU Geren mete ece hs Teta ok ane atl ters, ooo cneke is, eek ae ACO SCODNONCH) oa <. cheis.o sian asia ote. couse ere Arca (Scapharca) subrostata Conrad Arca (Scapharca) staminea Say ......... | Arca (Scapharca) adanes tee Arca clisea Dall .. r Recent Range in Depth. ewww eenee Northern Range. Southern Range. New Jersey. Virginia, Hatteras. Georgia. East Florida. Florida Keys. ~ West Florida. Texas. West Indies. Bermuda. Europe. Western America. Arctic Seas Labrador Labrador Labrador Arctic Seas Arctic Seas Arctie Seas Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean Cape Sable Arctie Ocean Arctic Seas Hatteras Arctic Seas Bermuda Gulf of Mexico Arctic Seas ee eet ee we eee wwe Demme ewe et we eees etme eee eeee CBpe Cod er ee | Florida Straits | Trinidad | i onduras Hatteras | Brazil | ee weet wee ee ce eees Brazil | New Grenada Martinique Martinique Cape Fear Brazil Brazil i Patagonia Barbados Haiti Patagonia Peewee eee 8 ee Se seme wee eet wee eee De eee HES! [k# ee ES tate ts wife aa tate Ce tle He DS 1 tats tate tate « sete ee CXXXV SURVEY MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL ‘sn0a0RI010 — ‘ama00K © ry) es — -— ‘11¥d_ JO Spog [euorsuRAy, “aUBD0STIO | ] ea} S —— a See, “QUBOOTIN x= “9Uud00I|d \ “SnoddRIeI ) *sn090B101) “9u900q “9Ud00G | ( ‘QUDDOSI[O poyBIJUeIOYIpu yy UBLSINGSHOLA PO}BIJUSIOYIpU () ‘spoq BARTTENY ‘dnory yn [eqs “UB[OdIYD poyeuele ypu eer a ‘spogq o9qoooyeyyeyO ‘spogq vdulry, | "spog XolIg ‘speq Blodiqy Spog xolneyqq9) I’ JO spo [BUOTJISUBLT, *‘SpuBy 9AODIH FRO OUdNDOTIY poyejudle ypu y *QUDDOT I iva ‘ayRadeseyy) peyVyuerayIpu () UOMNBVUIOY JLAATBO | | ‘QUdD0I[d po eUstayIpuy *9ud001[d ‘spog oqo BqRsoo[Ry "9900488 | S ae ‘quadey . {14 21 64 Oe ay ce leven Welle el rc ele.® nana Se Oe CO 65 ‘Spoq MBUIBOOR AA "spog UBIBOID *9U900}SIO[g poyVI}UeIIpIpuy *9U90048TOL ‘spoq Ayeyueg “spo nyjq SuOuT CXXXVi GEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RELATIONS SPECIES. Mouuusca. Pelecypoda.—Continued. Area (NOEUG) << oc. wise oie 35 ous tooode Arca (Noétia) incile Ayes cM o cies cloxsiels Arca (Barbatia) 2... secs ccc cc ccccesces Arca (Barbatia) centenaria Say ......... Arca (Barbatia) marylandica Conrad .. Arca (Barbatia) virginie Wagner pelenieset Gijcymeris” js. c eso e oe at coctetelataictaie ; TWH AOR Ao Stride Oc sAoknogoosiadnse Leda concenirica Say SoOehOOAgooD AS VO LILG ine chaveter sie misectetelersls evedehete abasans) sveyeratche Yoldia levis (Say) i, nltenahn tests iepeler sneer abens UNADOULO intel) evein eis) acetsn, ors iersenecexvens aWevshareted eyes Nucula prowima Say epaVonerailetatsis elexateieieye Nucula sinaria Dall ...sccsccccvccerce Nucula taphria Dall ee eee eee eee eee eres Range in Depth. Northern Range. Cape Cod Hatteras Arctic Seas Texas Arctic Seas Arctie Ocean Nova Scotia Southern Range. Brazil Sarasota Bay Trinidad Trinidad | Gulf of Mexico Praat Pe New Jersey. Virginia. Hatteras. Georgia. East Florida. Florida Keys. tlewiee West Florida. Texas. West Indies. Bermuda. Europe. te tel. the cite Western America. CXXXVll MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ‘ayRodesoy() peyeijae.io BTU () f “UOIJRVULIO FADATBO ‘9UDNOI[ PoyeIJuIIOyIpu “9ud00I[ “speg oro ByRsoo[Ry . “Spoq MBUTBDOB MAM S| *Sn0980B191) < me ‘9us00q | og “aMa005T0 _| dom) ‘118d JO spog [eUOTfIsUBLy, e 3 OuOd0TW or "au900Nd = aS Te ee *9U9004STO[d__ do) ‘quedo ‘snosoRoID ‘Sno090BIAID “auaD0 *9m000q ‘9UND0STIO PO}IJUNTOYIpU Sa ca eee a ~ “URIFaNgsyorA poyejuerayrpuy | . en eee * " ‘spog BARTTeENy | eRe Fas eee ee be =. — ‘dnory PUTA T9Us HS Oa ee ee ema ss uepodty9 poreruerte gt pu) Leeene. Gvawmseekieeewel smsatnnel 9119008110 RAC OI Ok CROS OR Ei cC 23 ‘spoqg soqo004RI4Rq) ao, ONS ar Ape ibe OaAh gs ‘Speq Bdurey, Sprain wane, “‘spog xoTIg : 3 Boat testes ae Spe aa ae ee, RDO Body) — Sena eee: Fe] OS Fs fee a Ie GEL om || ee ee Scr Su BANS NRE iD eras “TTe@q Jo spa SE SRA es a ee ae Gea as are ee a ee Hee alae e HDURSOACTH BO! We bese lees Shay sere aoc e Se eee | om — Cel . ST cota ‘AUDDOTW Po VeIyUIIyIpu fy Se See D te Sees ees Seage NO . eer | 1D an] i oO oO Oo wo “QUDOT IN - = aE Ge Se eel ‘spog UBYROID _ “9Ud004ST91q PeIBIUSIOYIPUy eS See OAV MRCS TICS Rapects Rp Teva wi toch Wy fee Ce Se Hee Ds ‘spog AyeyuReg | ‘Speq nig suomutg ¥ Re a ee ee ee 7 7 THESRELATIONS*OF “THE MIOCENE OF MARYLAND TO THAT OF OTHER REGIONS AND TO THE RE- CENT FAUNA BY WILLIAM HEALEY DALL. The Director of the Maryland Geological Survey having requested me to prepare a chapter reviewing some of the relations of the Miocene in Maryland to that of other regions and to the recent fauna, and the per- mission of the Director of the U. 8. Geological Survey having been kindly given, the following considerations are submitted. In pronounc- ing judgment upon them it should always be borne in mind that the stratigraphical relations of the more southern Miocene adjacent to that of Maryland, especially that of Virginia and the Carolinas, are still very imperfectly known, although the faunas of certain particular outcrops have been quite fully enumerated. Before proceeding to the consideration of the local Miocene it will be well to recall the origin and scope of this term and what it stands for in Kuropean discussions of Tertiary Geology. In the subdivisions of the Tertiary instituted by Lyell and Deshayes those faunas were denominated as Miocene which contain from 17 to 20 per cent of species which survive to the recent fauna. This definition, corresponding to the idea of evolution in the characteristic faunas, still lies at the foundation of our ideas of what constitutes a Miocene fauna, though to a greater or less extent modified by differences of opinion as to what constitutes a distinct species, and by a wider knowledge of modi- fications of faunas due to temperature, migration and the various factors which, taken together, form that group of influences which is denomi- exl CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE nated the environment. Since the modification of faunas not interfered with by catastrophic changes of temperature and environment must always be gradual, the exact limitation of the different series of which the Tertiary is made up has of late been expressed in terms of dynamic changes to which the terrains concerned have been subjected. The division of the Tertiary time into two great systems has been generally accepted by geologists. The first, which embraces all the recognized Eocene and nummulitic beds, has been called Eogene, and contains the Eocene and Oligocene series. The second, or Neogene, comprises the remainder of the Tertiary, the Miocene and Pliocene series, and was inaugurated and is limited by important dynamic changes in the earth’s crust. According to De Lapparent with the Miocene were ushered in impor- tant changes in the geography and topography of Europe. First in order of importancé, as the work of the Miocene period was the elevation of the Alps, or rather of that great zone of elevated plications which, extend- ing from Morocco to Indo-China, the result of successive movements in elevation, forms the southern border of what has been called Eurasia. This immense upheaval was accompanied by the gradual draining of the great lakes which covered much of France and central Europe during the Oligocene, and, isostatically, by the sinking of other parts of the pre- existing land. Following the latter the sea penetrated into the heart of Europe, carrying its fauna with it. Coincidently the denudation of the elevated area gave rise to extended sedimentary deposits radiating from it. Subsequently the communications with the sea were cut off, the eastern basin of the Mediterranean separated from the Atlantic became less saline and the extension of brackishness in the sea to the northward made gradual progress westward, reaching Corsica and the valley of the Rhone, finally becoming in part a series of lakes, around which the great herbivorous mammals of the period found a pasturage. The termina- tion of the Miocene and the beginning of the Pliocene in Europe was marked by a movement in depression of the Mediterranean axis, opening the strait of Gibraltar, giving the Atlantic access to the Mediterranean, where the subtropical members of the marine fauna were replaced by 'Cf. DE LAPPARENT, Traité de Géologie, éd. IV, pt. III, pp. 1409, 1513, et seg., 1900. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY exli those of a more temperate type while the climate of the temperate zone, indicated by the land animals and vegetation became noticeably cooler than it had been during the Miocene epoch. Having thus indicated the salient characteristics of the Miocene epoch as understood by European geologists, it becomes possible to compare them with those of the epoch referred to the Miocene in North America. The differentiation of faunas was well established before the beginning of the Tertiary, and Hogene faunas in America show American charac- teristics clearly, as compared with those of Europe. Other differences, suggesting migrations, occur in the relative time of appearance of certain groups; as, for instance, in America, the first influx of Nummulites is in the upper beds of the lower Oligocene just as they were about to dis- appear from the European fauna, where they had flourished in myriads at an earlier epoch though then unknown west of the Atlantic. Thus we may expect and shall find, on an inspection of the American Miocene, both differences and points of agreement. As in Europe, so in America, the Miocene was a period of elevation, of plication of the earth’s crust with its attendant vulcanism, of denudation of the recently elevated areas, and the formation of extended areas of sediment, formed chiefly of clays, sands and marls, either consolidated into shales and sandstones, or remaining less compacted. The elevation of Middle America and the Antillean region, in harmony with that of southern Europe seems to have been more or less constant, since no marine Miocene beds have been definitely recognized in this area, and the antecedent Oligocene sedi- ments were elevated several thousand feet, North and South America were united, the island of Florida became attached to the Georgian main- land, and the continent of North America on the whole assumed approxi- mately its present outlines. Some modification of the coast line or sea- bottom, supposedly in the vicinity of the Carolinas or possibly connected with the elevation of the Antilles, diverted the warm currents corre- sponding to the present Gulf Stream so far off-shore in the early part of the Miocene as to permit of the invasion of the southern coast lines by a current of cold water from the north, bringing with it its appro- priate fauna and driving southward or exterminating the pre-existent subtropical marine fauna of these shores. This resulted in the most marked faunal change which is revealed by the fossil faunas of the exlil CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE Atlantic coast of America subsequent to the Cretaceous. A cool-tem- perate fauna for the time replaced the subtropical one normal to these latitudes, and has left its traces on the margin of the continent from Martha’s Vineyard Island in Massachusetts south to Fort Worth inlet in Kast Florida, and westward to the border of the then existing Missis- sippi embayment. This seems to have been the limit of effectual invasion by the northern marine fauna since, though no outcrops occur, the Gal- veston artesian well-borings show two thousand feet of Miocene sedi- ments west of the Mississippi, including a marked remnant of the Pacific fauna, cut off from its allies by the elevation of Middle America and barely surviving on this coast until the upper Miocene time. The pre- ceding Oligocene fauna has left traces as far north as southern New Jersey, but denudation so accompanied the Miocene elevation that little sediment of this epoch has survived in situ north of Georgia, and even the Miocene sediments between northern Florida and North Carolina are represented chiefly by isolated patches in sheltered areas. The deep embayment of the Chesapeake region in Maryland and Virginia has retained the largest and least disturbed area of the marine Miocene sediments and given its name to them, as typical, on the Atlantic coast, of the faunal remains of this character, which they contain. Contrary to the conditions existing in Europe, in America no marked invasions by the sea or extensive depressions of continental land are characteristic of Miocene time, though in special localities the Miocene sediments transgress the remnants of the Eocene. In the western region some analogy may be found for the brackish water deposits of Europe, in the Miocene lake beds and their vertebrate remains. Between the upper Oligocene of the John Day beds of the West and the typical Chesapeake (Loup Fork) Miocene, Scott has recognized in the Deep River verte- brates a fauna strictly analogous to that of Sansans (Gers) in France, placed by Depéret, Gaudry and De Lapparent with the Helvétien. The latter author recognizes in the Miocene of Europe the following stages: 1. BuRDIGALIEN.—This group has been the occasion of more or less controversy, and is introductory to the fully typical subsequent stages. Whether it is really a consistent whole, is, and has been for some time, a debateable matter. It is not improbable that some part of the beds included in this stage by many European geologists correspond to part MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY exlili of the series grouped in later American classifications with the upper Oligocene. It has been united by Suess with the Oligocene Aquitanien. Being a matter in which nomenclature rather than geology is concerned its consideration may well be adjourned until a more thorough knowledge of the supposed American equivalents is available. The European characteristics of this stage comprise the earlier part of the period of elevation during which the disappearance of the inland lakes and the inception of fluviatile drainage were in progress. 2. HELVETIEN.—This corresponds more exactly to the American defi- nition of the Miocene of Maryland and Virginia, being the period of uplifts and of culmination of the invasion of the southern sea into the resulting isostatic depressions. 3. TorTONIEN.—During this period the most extreme elevation of the uplifts was attained and with this some diminution of the marine transgression and of the apparent sea-temperatures. It is probable that this stage should be united with the preceding, as it is in a number of cases only indicated by a facies, and barely distinguishable from the Helvétien. It should be noted that the arms of the Mediterranean sea which deposited the marls of the Vienna Basin, the Mollasse of Switzer- land, and the Miocene of Southern France, were inhabited by a fauna derived from the south, and of a subtropical character; hence in no case strictly comparable with a fauna, like that of the American Chesapeake, derived from cool-temperate seas. It is to the fragmentary Miocene of North Germany and Denmark that we should look, if at all, to find the time-analogues of our Chesapeake species. 4 and 5. SARMATIEN and PONTIEN or PANNONIEN.—During these stages, which might well be united, the Mediterranean sea became sepa- rated from its eastern inland extensions, which gradually lost their salinity and deposited the remarkable Congeria beds and other brackish water sediments or lake beds, with the formation of which European geologists regard their Miocene as having terminated. In America, speaking broadly, as stated by Dr. Clark, the Miocene appears at its inception unconformably and suddenly upon the surface of the Eocene which in certain localities it transgresses. In the northern part of its range the Eogene strata seem to have suffered much more from denudation than in the corresponding series at the south on the exliv CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE Gulf Coast. While faint traces remain, in the mechanically mixed marls of southern New Jersey, of the former presence of Oligocene sediments, it is only by the occurrence of a few Oligocene species, mixed with much more numerous Chesapeake forms, that this may be detected. South of New Jersey no trace of the whole Oligocene series may be recognized, as far as now known, north of Georgia. Nor is there described any remnant of the uppermost Eocene as represented in the Gulf column of formations. The beginnings of the Chesapeake in Maryland and Virginia are marked by the prevalence of beds of diatomaceous earth. Otherwise there is little that is distinctive in the successive beds of clay, sand and gray or bluish marl which make up the bulk of the series, divided, on the basis of its fauna, into three formations in Maryland, known as the Calvert, Choptank and St. Mary’s. In Virginia we are greatly in need of more stratigraphical information but it is believed that the older beds in the main lie to the north and west, dipping southeasterly 8 to 10 feet per mile, and, as at Petersburg, are practically similar to the Maryland deposits. Passing to the southeast, beds higher in the scale are encoun- tered, though the fauna is still very similar to that of Maryland. Finally on the southeastern border at the sea, along the York river and at various other localities we find beds of marl of a much lighter color, tinted yellow by the presence of iron oxide, and containing a larger proportion of recent forms, together with a still notable proportion of those which occur in the Maryland beds. These newer sediments culminate near Suffolk and about the upper Nansemond river district in the most recent beds of all, on the top of which, in the basin of the Great Dismal Swamp, have been collected mixed with unconsolidated Miocene marl, a few characteristic species of the Southern Pliocene. In Virginia and Mary- land we appear to have the basis of material necessary to trace the development of a normally evolving fauna of a single origin, but when we reach North Carolina we come upon an association of species in the upper or Duplin Miocene, in which the introduction of a new factor is manifest. This is a change of fauna due (as in the recent fauna of the coast) not to earlier or later development, but to modifications due to temperature and the environment, which have produced an assemblage, perhaps simultaneously existing with that of Suffolk, Virginia, but of an obviously more southern character. At present the promontory of MARYLAND GEOLOGIOAL SURVEY exlv Cape Hatteras serves as a landmark indicating the mutual boundary between the northern temperate and southern subtropical mollusk faunas of the present Atlantic coast; and it would seem as if in Miocene time a similar arrangement prevailed. The upper surface of the Chesapeake in Virginia has been extensively denuded, and the equivalent, if any, of the Duplin beds has been removed over a great portion of the Miocene area. The dip of the remaining deposits, according to Darton, in the northeastern or older portion of the beds, is about ten feet to the mile; in the Nomini section about 7.7 feet to the mile; and in the newest, or Suffolk region, about 6.5 feet to the mile. The beds, as a whole, retain at most about 560 feet of their original thickness. The diatomaceous bed, when present, as is usually the case, lies at the base of the series, on the denuded surface of the Hocene, and if there were earlier deposits which should normally be associated with the Chesapeake, neither in New Jersey nor in Virginia do we find any trace of them remaining. In all cases and throughout its extent the fauna has the characteristics of a shallow-water assembly, without any marked littoral elements, but which might well have existed in the immediate vicinity of low, nearly level, muddy or sandy shores, and have extended off-shore to a distance more or less indefinite, but which did not include any area subject to the influences of an open and unsheltered ocean. In Florida we first find, in passing southward from the North Carolina deposits, an extended area of undisturbed and little denuded Chesapeake sediments, and where, as at Alum Bluff on the Chattahoochee river and localities on the Chipola river, they have been carefully examined, they present, with some slight admixture of warmer water forms, a fauna essentially like that of the more northern deposits. Eliminating the species peculiar to the Florida beds alone, of the remainder about forty per cent are common to the Chesapeake of Maryland and fifty-seven per cent common to Florida and North Carolina. Since the northern fauna must have become well established before it could have, as a body, invaded the Florida province with the incursion of cold currents pre- viously described, it is probable that the Alum Bluff Miocene represents in time a period somewhat subsequent to that of the Maryland beds, though in point of evolution of organic life nearly identical. About exlvi CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE fourteen per cent of the Alum Bluff species have survived to the present time. Beyond the Mississippi embayment, though no Miocene beds have been observed outcropping at the surface, the artesian well at Galveston has penetrated over 1800 feet of strata containing many fossils, evidently of upper Miocene age. This assembly is strongly tinctured with ele- ments characteristic of the Miocene of the Pacific coast which have not survived in the present fauna of the Gulf. These forms are probably the remnant of those cut off from the Pacific waters by the elevation of Middle America in the early Miocene, which for a short time survived on the Gulf side. Owing to these peculiarities there seems no special reason for instituting extended comparisons between the Texas beds and those of Maryland and Virginia. We may now proceed to consider somewhat more in detail the relations between the Miocene faunas of Maryland, (1) among themselves, (2) to the Miocene faunas of adjacent States, and (3) lastly to the fauna of the European Miocene. Since the molluscan quota of the fauna is much the largest and that with which the writer is most familiar the local comparisons which are made will be chiefly based upon it.” The three horizons into which the Maryland Chesapeake has been divided contain altogether about three hundred and sixty-four species of mollusks, of which 14 per cent are pecular to the Calvert formation, 9 per cent to the Choptank formation and 10 per cent to the St. Mary’s formation, so that altogether one-third of the molluscan fauna of the Maryland Chesapeake is peculiar to it. Ten per cent survive to the present fauna. Of the whole, one hundred and forty-two species occur in only one of the three subsidiary formations, while two hundred and twenty-two are common to more than one of the three horizons, and quite a number of Calvert species are absent from the Choptank but reappear in the St. Mary’s formation. Of those species which are 2The authors of the systematic lists in this volume have in large part followed in their work the arrangement and determinations made in my Tertiary Fauna of Florida and the collections of the U. 8. Geological Survey in the U. 8. National Museum. There are naturally some differences due to the use of additional material and to per- sonal equation, which, in the following discussion, will be ignored, as they will in any case hardly affect the percentages. The list as herein contained will be accepted for statistical purposes, except that mere varieties will be left out of consideration; though on some points I might still hold to my original opinion. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY exlvil common to more than one of the Maryland horizons 17 per cent are also common to the Chesapeake of Florida at Alum Bluff and the Chipola river. For reasons which have already been specified, the Miocene fauna of southern New Jersey is regarded by me as mixed with foreign elements which have been mechanically incorporated with it during the progress of denudation or by current action. Eliminating the doubtfully indi- genous forms the remainder has much the aspect of the Calvert fauna of Maryland with which, on stratigraphic grounds, there is much reason to assimilate it. In making comparisons with Virginia horizons we are met at once with the difficulty that no good modern lists of Virginia Miocene mol- lusks are available. To remedy this deficiency I have had the identified species from Virginia localities in the National Museum collection listed and have used them in making the following comparisons. ‘Though these Virginia species comprise little more than half of those which occur in the horizons listed (many being yet unidentified), yet the numbers seem sufficiently large to ensure the approximate accuracy of the percent- ages derived from them. ‘The lists comprise 71 species from Petersburg, 55 from the James river, 118 from the York river near Yorktown, and 57% from the newest beds of the Miocene near Suffolk, Va. The order in which they are cited is that of their relative age beginning with the oldest. The following table shows the proportion of surviving species in each of the mentioned horizons: Virginia—Petersburg horizon ............ 8.5 per cent Maryland—Calvert formation ............ ese ai oi Virgimia—James river beds............. da eee Maryland—Choptank formation .......... ja Maryland—St. Mary’s formation..... ..... des as Mes New Jersey—Shiloh marls (mixture of LERIDOE EC) ite acon ens A Oe ee Re OEP HO) a Florida—Alum Bluff horizon............. TAQ = Ss ac Virginia—Yorktown beds .......... he et 1 a i a Wareunia-—Suttolk “bedg * wc. 0he ar. 4. 1) cacti North Carolina—Duplin beds............ CON, ane exlvili CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE It is likely that complete collections from each of the Virginia locali- ties might bring about a change of one or two per cent in the proportion of surviving species, so that too much stress should not be laid on small differences of this kind; also,.that, in the warmer regions, the proba- bilities of survival among the smaller species are greater than in colder waters. Making allowances for these factors it is probable that the age (in descending order), of the several horizons, as measured by their - percentage of surviving species, would not differ greatly from the follow- ing scheme: Duplin. Suffolk. Yorktown. Alum Bluff. St. Mary’s. Choptank. ames River. Calvert. ree Taking the three subsidiary horizons of the Maryland Miocene, the percentage of species in each of the cited Virginia horizons common to each of the Maryland horizons is as follows: Virginia. - Maryland. Calvert. Choptank. | St. Mary’s. SI TRIILCT ee ey i 374, 33% 33% NCOTIGTO Witt wepeytys tester ree 34 35 | 27 games Rivers sa..c--- 27 24 | 27 Betersbung eer aceee 34 34 | 33 From this it may be concluded that the connection between the Mary- land and Virginia Miocene, as well as between the several horizons in each state, is very intimate, and while the groups may be divided the divisions are less fundamental than the general unity of the Chesapeake as a whole compared with, for instance, the Duplin Miocene, which has in common with the Suffolk beds only ten per cent of common species, while of the non-peculiar species of the far more distant Chesapeake of Florida 39 per cent are common to the Chesapeake of Maryland. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY exlix We may, in considering the fauna of the Maryland Chesapeake, find the analogy of its location under present conditions in either of two ways. We may consider the present geographical distribution of the genera represented in it, or we may take the surviving species and consider their present distribution on our coasts. The latter is the most definite method leaving less to the judgment of the statistician. From twenty to twenty-five species survive from each of the Maryland horizons. Of these eleven at present extend from the existing boreal fauna to the subtropical waters of Florida, and therefore afford no more precise indication. Of the remainder seventy per cent now live in the fauna existing from Hatteras southward, while only thirty per cent are con- fined to the region from Hatteras northward. We may therefore con- clude, (1) that the temperature conditions governing the fauna of the Maryland Chesapeake were those of the temperate rather than the boreal or subtropical faunas of the present coast; and, (2) that the temperature of the Chesapeake embayment was on the whole somewhat warmer than at present. This is what the genera represented also indicate. Between the several horizons of the Maryland Chesapeake there is but very slight indication of any temperature difference; so far as there is any, it points toward a progressive but slight cooling of the water from the Calvert to the St. Mary’s; while the subsequent Pliocene was doubtless accom- panied by a change in the opposite direction, a rise of temperature being indicated by the changes in the fauna. It has been shown * that the shell-bearing mollusk fauna of the cool- temperate zone comprises normally about 400 species in any reasonably diversified area. When thoroughly done, collecting from marl beds will give much better results as regards completeness than can be had from any dredging in the actual sea, because the marl is so much more acces- sible than the seabottom. In the Maryland Miocene, omitting varieties, about three hundred and sixty-four species are recorded. It may be supposed that about forty species remain to be discovered in the Mary- land beds. Of the species known about ten per cent are supposed to survive. This small number is partly the result of the rather restricted limits 3U. 8. Geological Survey, Bulletin 84, pp. 25-31, 1892. cl CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE adopted for species by the authors of this part of the volume, as com- pared with the views prevalent in the time of Lyell. However, about 13 per cent of the New Jersey species survive, and 14 per cent of the Floridian Chesapeake, so the estimate is not far from normal for the lower American Miocene. For the upper Miocene of Duplin about 20 per cent are estimated to survive, and 19 per cent in the Suffolk district of Virginia. The intermediate Yorktown beds have about 17 per cent of survivors. I have already called attention to the fact that the Miocene of South Europe is of a more tropical character than that of our typical Chesa- peake, and that a more appropriate comparison in detail may be had with the Miocene of Northern Europe, Belgium, North Germany and Denmark. Even the latter is less boreal or apparently lived in warmer waters than the species of the Maryland beds. It would seem that, in America, the change at the end of the Miocene was marked by a slight elevation and a distinctly warmer water fauna which pushed its way northward at least as far as Virginia, and possibly to Martha’s Vine- yard, where the genus Corbicula, a distinctly southern form, has been detected. From a survey of the available literature it would seem, how- ever, that, on the continent of Europe, the Plhocene fauna which made its way southward was of a somewhat more northern type than the Miocene which it succeeded. If a change in the ocean currents corre- sponding to our present Gulf Stream, took place at the end of the Mio- cene, by which the tropical waters were directed over a longer extent of the Atlantic coast than was the case during the Chesapeake epoch, and hence became more or less cooled off before making the transit of the North Atlantic, the temperature conditions necessary to account for this difference in the faunas, would have been provided. Of five hundred species of gastropods enumerated by Hoernes from the Vienna basin 20.6 per cent are regarded as surviving to the present epoch; a number without doubt too great from the standpoint of the average modern estimate of what constitutes a species. But it would carry us too far to attempt to rectify this estimate in detail. In the work of Nyst (1843) on the Tertiary of Belgium the Diestien of Dumont and the fauna of the Bolderberg were referred to the Pliocene MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY eli and the Oligocene. This view was afterward corrected by von Koenen ‘ who showed that the Diestien and part of the Bolderien were a west- ward extension of a fauna which he identified with that of the North German Middle Miocene. Of eighty-nine species of this Belgian fauna Nyst regarded 19 per cent as surviving, an estimate which must be materially reduced to bring it into harmony with modern views. Much more reliable from this stand- point is the estimate of von Koenen, who regarded out of one hundred and forty-two species of gastropods 11 per cent as identical with recent forms, a result practically agreeing with our estimates for the middle Chesapeake of Maryland and Virginia. Of these North German species 43 per cent are common to the fauna of the Vienna basin, 12 per cent are also known from the German Oligocene and 38 per cent from the Pliocene of South Europe. The relations with the Crag of Britain are less intimate, the latter being characterized by a rather colder water fauna. In a general comparison of the European and American Miocene we find, among other things which may be cited as parallelisms: in land vertebrates the Sansans and Deep River mammals, and among cetaceans the presence of Squalodon, Balaena, Priscodelphinus and other dolphins. Among the sharks may be cited Carcharodon megalodon, Hemipristis serra and Notidanus primigenius. Oxyrhina, Carcharias, Galeocerdo and various rays were abundant in the sea bordering the western continent during this period. In Europe Corals are rare except at the south; in Maryland Astrohelia and Seplastrea represent the group, the waters of Chesapeake time in this region having been too cold for reef corals and too shallow for the deep sea forms. The Kchinoids of the Miocene are as a rule few in species and profuse in individuals ; Clypeaster, Scutella and Spatangus being the most promi- nent of European, Amphidetus and Scutella of American forms. Among the Vermes Spirorbis is conspicuous, and Balanus among the Crustaceans. 4Das Miocien Norddeutschlands und seine Molluskfauna. Schr. ges. Naturw. zu Marburg, X, 3te Abth., pp. 139-143, 1872. elii CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE Among the Foraminifera nummulites are absent, and, in America, Orbitoides. Amphistegina, Ehrenbergia, Cassidulina, and Ellipsoidina are prominent in Europe; Polystomella, Planorbulina, Rotala, Textu- laria, Polymorphina, and Uvigerina in America. Lithothammion is a common fossil in the marine Miocene of both continents. There are left the Mollusca, which we may examine a little more closely. Cephalopods are rare in the Miocene. The Aturia which in America does not persist beyond the middle of the Oligocene, in Europe is said to linger a little longer. Nautilus is known from both the east and west coasts of America in the Miocene. In America, among the Toxoglossate gastropods, Terebra (represented by species of the subgenera Hastula and Oxymeris) is notable, there are many Pleurotomoids, the cones are few and coarse, Cancellaria is represented by a notable number of species. The same remarks apply almost equally to the North German Miocene. American Rhachiglossa are numerous. A species of Oliva and one of Scaphella at least appear in both America and North Germany. Busycon in the former region is represented by Tudicla in the latter. Fusus is more abundant in Europe than in America but the peculiarly character- istic Miocene subgenus of Chrysodomus, Hcphora, is represented in North Germany by a form almost intermediate between the American LZ. quadri- costata and Chrysodomus decemcostatus. Ancilla, Murex, Purpura and Tritia are conspicuous in the Miocene faunas of Europe, Ptychosalpinz, Ilyanassa and Tritia in America. The Melanopsis of Europe is paralleled by the Bulliopsis of America. Among the Tenioglossa, Turritella is conspicuous in both continents, a form of Cassis (Cassidaria or Sconsia) is equally present. Cyprea is more numerous in Europe but represented in both regions; Pyrula occurs in both, more abundantly in Europe; as do the various types of Tritonude, such as Septa, Lotorium and Ranella. Pyrazus is more abundant in Europe and the Calyptreide in America. Among the Rhipidoglossa, Calliostoma is more representative in America and Gibbula in Europe. Turning to the bivalves we find an equally noticeable parallelism. In Europe Glycymeris, Barbatia and Scapharca are very characteristic, MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY elill as they are in America. Ostrea is large and numerous, large Pectens occur, though the latter are perhaps less characteristic of the Miocene than in America. The conspicuous place of the Cardiwms in our Miocene is hardly filled by the species in the European faunas, where also we find a notable number of Isocardia. Mactra in Europe is represented by Spisula in America. Panopea is about equally conspicuous in both, Cardita more so in Europe, Astarte in America. Corbula and Sazicava, are equally common to both regions. The very characteristic Mytiloconcha occurs in both. A host of uncharacteristic forms, such as Nuculide, Abra, Tellina, Ensis, Macrocallista, Timoclea, Lima, Phacoides, etc., are com- mon to both, but in Europe Venerupis, Paphia, Eastonia, Lutraria, Cardilia, Pecchiolia, Congeria and Adacna are found with no American Miocene equivalents. Crassatellites, Crassinella, Agriopoma, Rangia, Mulinia, Melina, occupy the same, or nearly the same, position on the western continent, where the giant species of Venus make their first appearance. In a general way, allowing for local peculiarities, the Miocene fauna of North Germany compares well and agrees closely with that of Mary- land, while the Mediterranean Miocene finds a closer analogue in the more tropical fauna of the Duplin beds of the Carolinas. We have not in America any equivalent, faunally, of the Congeria beds of the upper Miocene of Eastern Europe. CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES oF NorTH AMERICAN MIOCENE. Deeming it interesting to know what species, as distinguished from genera, are characteristic of the North American Miocene I have care- fully inspected the lists. By characteristic are meant the species which occur only in the Miocene, and occur in it from top to bottom, or, to exemplify, in the beds from Alum Bluff to Duplin, in the South, or from the Calvert to Yorktown or Suffolk, in Maryland or Virginia. It is not meant that they occur at every horizon or zone, but that they have existed throughout the Miocene somewhere, and disappear with the inauguration of the Pliocene. The following list comprises the species so defined, and is to some cliv CORRELATION OF MARYLAND MIOCENE extent a surprise, both by the presence of some species and the absence of others, the latter chiefly those which survived into the Pliocene. Some of the groups which are peculiar to a portion of the Miocene and do not occur throughout the system will be particularly missed. Doubt- less the more thorough exploration of the southern Miocene will furnish material for modifying the list to some extent, but as far as our present knowledge goes it is emphatically characteristic of the epoch. Drillia limatula Conrad. Cancellaria carolinensis Emmons. Scaphella trenholmi (Tuomey and Holmes). Fasctolaria rhomboidea Rogers. Busycon coronatum Conrad. Busycon incile (Conrad). Ecphora quadricostata (Say). Fusus extlis Conrad. Anguinella virginica Conrad (worm tube ?). Cassis (Sconsia) hodget Conrad. Crucibulum constrictum Conrad. Polynices (Lunatia) perspectivus (Rogers). Polynices (Neverita) percallosus (Conrad). Calliostoma philanthropus (Conrad). Dentaliwm carolinense Conrad. Dentalium attenuatum Say. Cadulus thallus (Conrad). Yoldia levis (Say). Arca (Barbatia) centenaria Say. Arca (Scapharca) scalaris Conrad. Arca (Scapharca) subrostrata Conrad. Arca (Noétia) incile Say. Atrina harrisw Dall. Pecten madisonius Say. Modiolus ducateli Conrad. Margaritaria abrupta (Conrad). Pandora (Clidiophora) crassidens Conrad. 5Including all the varieties and excluding the Rapana which has been too hastily united with it. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Crassatellites melinus (Conrad). Crassatellites undulatus (Say). Crassatellites psychopterus Dall. Astarte obruta Conrad. Astarte undulata Say. Phacoides anodonta (Say). Phacoides cribrarvus (Say). Solecardia cossmanni Dall. Bornia triangula Dall. Cardium acutilaqueatuim Conrad. Cardium laqueatum Conrad. Tsocardia fraterna Say. Venus tridacnoides (Lamarck). Chione ulocyma Dall. Callocardia (Agriopoma) subnasuta (Conrad). Maerocallista reposta (Conrad). Dosinia acetabulum Conrad. Tellina (Angulus) producta Conrad. Semele subovata (Say). Cumingia medialis Conrad. Asaphis centenaria (Conrad). Ensis ensiformis Conrad. Spisula delumbis (Conrad). Spisula subparilis (Conrad). Spisula curtidens Dall. Spisula marylandica Dall. Mulinia milesti Holmes. Mulinia congesta (Conrad). Sphenia dubia (H.C. hea). Panopea reflexa Say. Panopea goldfussi Wagner. Discinisca lugubris (Conrad). ely SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY OF THE MIOCENE; DEPOSITS OF MARYLAND BY E.’G.-CASE, C..R. EASTMAN, G. C. MARTIN, E. O: ULRICH, RS, BASSUER, L. C. GLENN, W..B.uCEARKs &. W: VAUGHAN, R. M. BAGG, Jr., ARTHUR HOLLICK and C. S. BOYER a x i, a a wT SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY MIOCENE Wine 2 bl 8 A ie PO a Re E. C. Case. VID VAS o£ ce IRA ae a E. C. Case. JEAN 6 Us a he one nt aa E. C. Case eel eS Mme ik mn We Tee tk ey C. R. HastMan ARTHROPODA. ENO O SIM ACAN ay a titakdtectes. lee ae G. C. Marvin. SPEDE TAY woes oe Oe Ay Nees), een ete G. C. Martin. SNC OD AN ee ace EK. O. ULRico anp R. S. Bassuer. MOLLUSCA. | se Bue uO OVAL Chote Sac aU nt aah lee ola G. C. Martin. GURUS NTE OW 21 G10: ee enero eee on ae eee G. C. Martin. HAMVIGEleIMEIN PAUP AG cee anc. hore) aaah sha ankcoce arene ow sete G. C. Martin. ro! CUAW Pale (O08 00 0 YE ie er ee ee gee G. C. Martin. EATS TSR Bt 0.8 07. Nicaea ee ee ey L. C. GuEenn. MOLLUSCOIDEA. eee EEO OMA i ee oce Soa Shera hee Sn aad G. C. Martin. HF) POA oo a4 Sodas esters. EK. O. UtricH ann R. S. Basser. ALES SULTS) SS eee a ie a are a G. C. Martin. JARSIS ERS C022 23a se W. B. Criark. COELENTERATA. LELOGI DIED AU DLE oops ee is ee EK. O. ULricu. JeUINNIINT SG 124 @ 1 Ar i rah a eed T. W. VAUGHAN. PROTOZOA. 29200 0 1D 2 IE en ee G. C. Martin. JOD ave IN OO 21: ee R. M. Bagge, Jr. PLANTA. ZING TUG) SI ENO) 2: 172 2 ane ea ae ARTHUR HOLLICK. PE AGEOR AY TA-DLATOMACH AR. «00.0. senses: C. 8. Boyzr. VERTEBRATA. CLass MAMMALIA. Order CETAGEA: The order Creracea exhibits within itself forms of the widest diver- gence. Conforming in general to the fish-like form of body, the members show variations in size between Balaenoplera sibbaldii, 85 to 90 feet long, and Platanista about 4 feet; in dentition from the car- nivorous form of Orca to the baleen plates of the Right Whale or the almost toothless Monodon. The superficial fish-like characters of the body are generally regarded as degenerative adaptations to the aquatic habitat. The almost total loss of the hair, the equally complete loss of the hind limbs, the flipper-form of the fore limbs and the develop- ment of hyperphalanges; the position of the external nostrils on the upper part of the skull; all these are found in general in animals originally terrestrial in habit, that have become aquatic. To these characters should be added the broad, flat tail developed in the hori- zontal instead of the vertical direction and devoid of bony support. The following features of the skull have been mentioned by Beddard * as characteristic of the CETACEA: “The separation of the two parietals by the intervention of the supra-occipital, or their concealment by its overlapping. - “The overlapping of the muzzle generally by the premaxillae. “The loose attachment between the various bones surrounding or connected with the organ of hearing. “The absence or feeble development of the coronary process of the lower jaw.” The scattered locations and the fragmentary condition of the material 1A Book of Whales. Putnam & Sons, New York, 1900. This book contains a most valuable semi-popular account of the Cetacea. 4 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY described in the following pages rendered impossible a complete re- vision of the forms. All that has been attempted is to place the known material in the most available form. The classification of the CETACEA is in a very unsettled condition so that no one scheme can be said to be the-correct one. The scheme here given follows that of Flower and Lydekker.’ Suborder ARCHAEOCETI. Animals most nearly appreaching the land-living ancestors of the group; the skull elongate with well-developed nasal bones and the teeth differentiated into an anterior, incisor series and a posterior, molar series. These teeth, especially the molars, are extended in the antero- posterior direction and have tuberculated cutting edges; the anterior series is single-rooted and the posterior two-rooted. The body was elongated and adapted to an aquatic life but the attachment of the ribs, the structure of the palatal region and other portions of the body are very seal-like in their relations. There is but a single family, the ZEUGLODONTIDAE, which is confined to the Eocene formations. In the United States they are most abund- antly found in the deposits of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Suborder ODONTOCETI. Forms in which the skull has lost many of the typical mammalian features retained in the previous suborder, especially in the facial region; the external nares have retreated until they are simple openings on the top of the head, descending almost vertically through the skull just anterior to the front wall of the brain case. The retreat of the nares has driven the nasal bones back until they are mere nodules in the posterior wall of the upper portion of the nares. The nose is ex- tended into a rostrum that may reach great length and slender propor- tions; the teeth are variable, in some forms they are quite similar to those of the preceding suborder, in others they are simple and conical; either present in large number or reduced to a single tooth in each half of the mandible. The vertebrae in the neck are, in the most 1Mammals Living and Extinct. Flower and Lydekker. London, 1890. qt MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY highly developed of the forms, anchylosed together in a short mass of bone, this leaves the animal with no apparent neck; in other forms the cervical vertebrae are all separate and the head and body are separated by a well-defined constriction. All forms show a distortion of the anterior portion of the skull, which in some reaches a high degree. The suborder has four families: SQUALODONTIDAE, PLATANISTIDAE, DELPHINIDAE, and PHYSETERIDAE. Following is a scheme given by Cope’ for the determination of the various families: I. Teeth of two types, one and two-rooted. Neckplonver teenh) an OtnT jawSee cece cide cic lee Squalodontidae. IJ. Teeth uniformly one-rooted. a. Ribs nearly all two-headed. Teeth in both jaws; neck generally longer............ Platanistidae. Teethaime lower saw OUI ys gn Che: SOOM tetey. ci) ninis lite) <1 = Physeteridae. aa. Four or five anterior ribs only two-headed. Neethwinwboth) jawss) MECk .SHOLE.).<,.1c/esrelejs » ciel: ske ete ese Delphinidae. In the same article he speaks of the characters here selected to designate the different familics. He says: “ All the above characters are those of divergence from the principal mammalian stem, and have relations to the conditions of aquatic life. Thus the posterior position of the nostrils permits inspiration without the elevation of the muzzle above water level, which is rendered difficult, if not impossible in the most specialized types, by reason of the extreme flatness and inflexi- bility of the cervical vertebrae. The absence of teeth is appropriate to the habits of the types which lack them.” (The confinement of the diet of the Mysticoceti to soft bodied animals.) “ The disarticulation and the disappearance of the heads of the ribs in the MystTIcoceET! is appropriate to the support which all the viscera derive from the fluid medium in which these large animals live.” Again, “ The line of the successional modification of the CeTaceEa is found in the changes in (1) the shape of the skull; (2) the extinction of the dentition; (3) the shortening of the cervical vertebrae; and (4) in the separation of the ribs from articulation with the vertebral centra. The modification of the shape of the skull is related to the gradual transfer of the external nostrils to more and more posterior positions.” ! Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, 1890, p. 602. 6 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Family SQUALODONTIDAE. This family is peculiar in its group in that it possesses teeth of two kind as in the ArcHEocetr; the anterior teeth are simple and conical while the posterior or molar teeth are more complex and are two-rooted (there are teeth in the premaxillary). The skull, however, presents the characters of the Oponrocetr. There are no living members of this family. Genus SQUALODON Grateloup. SQUALODON ATLANTICUS Leidy. Plate X, Figs. 1, 2, 3. Macrophoca atlanticus Leidy, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. viii, p. 220. Squalodon atlanticus Cope, 1867, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xix, pp. 132, 144, BAe sis aoe Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 416, pl, xxviii, figs. 4-7; pl. xxx, fig. 18. Basilosaurus (7) atlanticus Cope, n. n. Description.—The original specimens described as M. atlanticus con- sisted of three molar teeth from Cumberland county, New Jersey. They were described as follows by Leidy in 1856: “ Crowns of the molar teeth broader than the length; laterally compressed conical; the anterior and posterior borders acute, the former with a series of acute two, and the latter with four conical tubercles having denticulated borders; inner and outer surfaces exceedingly roughened, especially toward the base, by longitudinally acute and broken ridges. Root composed of an antero-posterior pair of fangs confluent half their length. “Length of largest tooth 24 inches; length of crown 10 lines, breadth 12 lines.” Cope in 1867 described a second specimen from Charles county, Maryland. “ At least four of the most posterior molars were inserted in oblique alveolae, overlapping by their anterior fang the inner face of the posterior fang of the tooth in front, anterior to these the alveolae are less oblique, and separated by spaces. The palatal face is moderately convex, while the external surface is divided into two plane faces by an angulated line, which is strong posteriorly, vanishing anter- iorly.” The fragments are said to indicate a cranium -about 30 inches long. The teeth “are longitudinally wrinkled and present a thick MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7 anterior and posterior cutting edge. The serrulations stand from behind, 3-2, 2-2, 3-2, 3-2, the anterior two of the last being very weak. The cutting edge of all these is serrulate. Not only in the number of the crests, but in the more elevated conic apex, do these teeth differ from those of S. holmesit.” A specimen in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences hears the name Basilosaurus atlanticus and purports to come from the Miocene of Maryland. No trace can be found of any description of such a species of Basilosawrus nor does the genus Basilosaurus occur in the Miocene. The label is by Cope and it is probable that it was intended for Squalodon atlanticus. The strong resemblance of the specimens to the teeth of the latter genus bears out this supposition. Occurrence.—CALVERT Formation. Charles county near the Patux- ent river. Collections.—The type specimen is in the Museum of the oe ae Academy of Natural Sciences. SQUALODON PROTERVUS Cope. Plate X, Figs. 4, 5. Cynorca proterva Cope, 1867, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xix, pp. 144, 152. Cynorca proterva Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 185. Squalodon protervus Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xxi, p. 151. Squalodon protervus Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, pp. 384-423, pl. xxviii, figs. 18-19. Description.—In 1869 Cope gave the following description of this species: “'This species is represented in the collection by a single canine tooth, which presents the usual small crown and broad fang of the Ceracea. The fang is, however, shorter than in the ‘ Colophonodon and Stenodon,’ and, with the crown very much compressed in one plane. A shallow groove extends on each side of it to the narrowed and flat- tened truncate base. The tooth is widest at the middle of the fang; the crown is rapidly acuminate, narrow lenticular in section, and fur- nished with a rather thickened postero-internal cutting edge. The anterior or external aspect is worn away by the attrition of a corre- 1The mollusca collected by Cope at this time and from this locality and described by Conrad were from the Calvert formation. 8 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY sponding tooth, but was obtuse, and furnished with a longitudinal ridge on each side at the base of the crown. The surface of the enamel is rugose, more minutely on one side than on the other. The tooth is considerably curved. While the enamel is polished the fang is rough- ened and opaque. Total length on middle"t om: 22:2... . 10.5 lines (48 mm.) Gamer OL ClO Wa kone betes ete reel Width at base of crown ......026.. 2% 4.5 lines (9 mm.) Width at middleof tana... 22 as 5.25 lines (10.5 mm.)” Occurrence—CALVERT ForMATION. Charles county, near the Patux- ent river. Collection.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Family PLATANISTIDAE. The teeth are undifferentiated, conical and single-toothed; the pre- maxillary is without teeth; the nose is extended into a long and slender rostrum and in the lower jaw the symphysis is very long. Zittel says that it is at least half as long as the jaw. The cervical vertebrae are all separate and the ribs, except the most posterior, are two-headed. Note- worthy living members of this group are Platanista of the Ganges which is entirely fluvatile in its habits, never going into salt water, and Pontoporia of the South American coast which is found near the mouth of the La Plata river but has never been found in the fresh water of the river. This last form serves as a connecting link in habits between the PLATANISTIDAE and the succeeding family which is confined to salt water. Most of the fossil forms of ODonToceETI described from Mary- land belong to the PLATANISTIDAE. Cope has given the following scheme’ for the determination of the genera of the family PLATANISTIDAE: I. Teeth with roots extended transversely. Teeth with lateral basallobes; lumbar diapophyses wide...... Inia. Ii. Teeth with cylindrical roots. a. Caudal vertebrae plano-convex. Hifoln ree yore Gil Melee eyoyolnycy So oNooogdesucsaddonn ond. DooUGsc Cetophis. aa. Caudal vertebrae plane. 1 Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, 1900, p. 603. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 9 8. Lumbar diapophyses spiniform. Lumbar and caudal vertebrae slender .................... Zarachis. Lumbar and caudal vertebrae short ............ccceceeee Txacanthus. 6B. Lumbar diapophyses wide, flat. Muzzle elongate, slender; cervical vertebrae long... Priscodelphinus. Muzzle slender, cervical vertebrae, shorter .............. Pontoporia, MII. Teeth with longitudinally flattened roots. Teeth in entire length of maxillary bone; symphysis con- UNAS Mateo ofa evs far'el ov ayeCer vie) o) ach ave ais al ove) s or chicvnia esse s¥oae ay erate: pe ered wear Stenodelphis. Teeth in all the jaws; symphysis not connate; an ercet osseus crest on posterior part of the maxillary .............. Platanista, Teeth at the base of the maxillary only; muzzle produced into BeSuibemlitd prea Wea, s/f 0.0010 ales asiee x c)aials ziuid'e claleieyneieya Rhabdosteus. LV. No teeth; an alveolar groove; muzzle depressed, elongate....Agabelus. The genus Lophocetus is not included in this scheme and it seems impossible to insert it as only the skull is known. Certainly it belongs in the second section; “ forms with cylindrically rooted teeth.” Genus PRISCODELPHINUS Cope. PRISCODELPHINUS GABBI Cope. Plate X, Fig. 6. Delphinapterus gabbi Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 191. Tretosphys gabbi Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 191. Tretosphys gabbi Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xxi, pp. 7, 8. Tretosphys gabbi Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 434. Priscodelphinus gabbi Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 615. Description—Described from a single caudal vertebra. “It has pertained to a species of not more than half the length of T. grandaevus, and is less strongly constricted everywhere and especially below. In a caudal of near the same position, the ridges and chevron articular surfaces are much more elevated, especially those on the anterior part of the centrum. They embrace a very deep groove in this, a shallow one in the 7. gabbi. An additional longitudinal ridge on each side the inferiors in front is wanting in J. gabbi. Both have a delicate one above the diapophyses in front, the T. grandaevus behind also. There is no posterior zygapophysis in the T. gabbi. The caudal of the latter is also relatively shorter. ene ch eentTim.. 4s 3's os 2 in. (50 mm.) Depth articular face anterior..... 1 in., 5.7 lines (11.4 mm.) Width articular face anterior..... 1 in., 7 Ines (14 mm.)” 10 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Occurrence.—CALVERY ForMATION. Charles county, near the Patux- ent river. Collection.—The type specimen is in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It bears the label “ 'Tretosphys gabbi Cope (Delphinapterus, Cope, type). Caudal vertebra, E. D. Cope, Charles Co., Md.” PRISCODELPHINUS RUSCHENBERGERI Cope. Plate X, Figs. 7, 8. Delphinapterus ruschenbergeri Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 189. Tretosphys ruschenbergeri Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xxi, pp. 7-9. Tretosphys ruschenbergeri Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 434 (mention only). Priscogelphinus ruschenbergeri Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 615. Description.—This species was about the size of Ixacanthus stenus. “They (the vertebrae) are also of a slender form, more so than in any species of the last genus ([vacanthus). What distinguishes it generally, is that instead of the slender diapophyses of the caudal it has the broad ones of the true Dolphins, though broader even than is usual in these, and it is perforated a little on one side of the middle by the foramen seen among the whales and dolphins generally. ‘ Articular faces transversely oval; centrum slightly constricted with an obtuse keel along the median line. The two inferior keels of the caudal vanish on the middle part of the centrum. hength, Of centri, au aise entra ee 1 in. 9 lines (68 mm.) Hele hit OF Gemini ans Aes en iepcn aa nS 2 10.3 lines (20.6 mm.) MAGE Gtacenbrmny Pict. an. cc asta 12.5 lines (25 mm.) Width meural joamal. vai) sift. sta eae Si 5.2 lines (10.4 mm.) Width basis diapgphysis lumbar ...... 10.5 lines (21 mm.) Width basis diapophysis caudal ....... 10 lines (20 mm.)” The type specimen consists of two vertebrae, a lumbar and a caudal vertebra. Occurrence.-—CALVERT Formation. Charles county near the Patux- ent river. Collectton.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 11 PRISCODELPHINUS LACERTOSUS Cope. Delphinapterus lacertosus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 190. Tretosphys lacertosus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 189. Delphinapterus hawkinsi Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 190. Tretosphys lacertogus Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xxi, p. 7. Tretosphys lacertosus Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 434. Priscodelphinus lacertosus Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Priscodelphinus lacertosus Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 615. Description.—This species is described as “ much the largest species of the genus. It is based on two lumbar vertebrae which have been united by exostosis and then separated. They are quite elongate and have broad diapophyses so far as their bases indicate. he articular faces are about as broad as deep, and slightly pentagonal in outline, not ovoid or discoid as in other species. The lower surface presents an obtuse median angle, with slightly concave sides.” There were two specimens; one from the mouth of the Patuxent river in Maryland consisting of a single vertebrae, and five others from the marl pits near Shiloh in Cumberland county, New Jersey. The type is in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. One of the vertebrae so preserved is labeled, on the speci- men, Delphinapterus lacertosus, but the accompanying case label is “Tretosphys lacertosus Cope. (Delphinapterus lacertosus, Cope.)” Another specimen in the same lot bears the label “ Delphinapterus Hawkinsi = Delphinapterus lacertosus, Cope.’ Measurements of a vertebrae of 7’. lacertosus. When eth Ceuta les wes 3 in. 5.5 lines (85.5 mm.) Height articular surface .........2 in. 2.5 lines (55 mm.) Width articular surface ......... 2 in. 4.5 lines (59 mm.) Wadth neutalcanal . 00sec...) es v.5 lines (15 mm.) Width base diapophysis .......... 1 in. 9 lines (45 mm.) Occurrence.—St. Mary’s (?) Formation. Mouth of the Patuxent river. CALVERT ForMATION. Charles county near the Patuxent river. Collection.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. 12 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY PRISCODELPHINUS (?) CRASSANGULUM Nn. sp. Plate XI, Figs. 1a, 1b, 2, 3a, 3b. Description.—An imperfect skull collected by the Maryland Geologi- cal Survey may belong to this genus. The teeth are all lost but the alveoli seem to indicate that the roots were very slightly flattened, if at all; in the anterior part of the series the alveoli seem to run together and to form an imperfect alveolar groove. If the teeth prove to have the cylindrical roots the form must be considered as a species of Priscodelphinus and only the discovery of vertebrae in connection with the skull can determine whether it is a new species or belongs to one already described. If the roots are found to be more flattened longitudinally it must be considered as a new form near to rhabdosteus but distinguished by the presence of teeth in the whole length of the jaw. Rostrum very long and tapering gently, the sides straight. Superior portion of the upper jaw overlapping the lower, so that the alveoli of the teeth are on the inferior side of the angle at the side of the jaw; ‘the upper surface of the jaw formed by the joined maxillaries and pre- maxillaries; the under surface marked by a deep straight groove which corresponds to a similar groove on the superior surface of the upper jaw; the opposed surfaces of the two jaws almost flat. The teeth were not opposed but extended out and forward from the sides of the jaw even in the posterior portion of the series; the teeth were simple and conical in form. The maxillaries did not extend posterior to the orbit, they were greatly expanded posteriorly in thick wing-like extensions that gave the base of the rostrum a considerable width, and passed gradually into the slender portion. Between the posterior portions of the maxillaries the vomer appears very slightly on the inferior sur- face. Above, the vomer is seen to be a rather short V-shaped bone, the posterior ends of which clasp the nodular and very rugose anterior end of the mesethmoid; the cartilaginous extension of this forward was of considerable extent. The premaxillaries were very long and slender, posteriorly they became flattened and thin; from a point just anterior to the nares they diverged as they retreated; anteriorly they were slender and rod-like, anchylosed to the maxillaries but seemingly MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ile separate in the median line. The frontal appeared at the posterior end of the maxillaries as a heavy flattened process overhanging the orbit, the outer edge of which was thick and depressed in the vertical direction. The basisphenoid has strong descending lateral processes that carry backward the pterygoid ridges, thus giving to the base of the skull much the appearance of the modern dolphins. The occipital condyle stood well out from the body of the bone; the occipital bone joined the squamosal at a very large angle so that the posterior edge of the zygomatic portion is almost as far back as any part of the skull; this gives a very wide back to the skull with a rather sharp angle between the sides and the back. The tympanic is rather simple in form. It is especially characterized by the slender trough-like exten- sion of the anterior edges of the lips; the posterior side shows a wide shallow groove quite rugose on the sides and bottom. Measurements: From end of snout (incomplete) to posterior end of BY PMV StS ea ree CRA SLES Ge hoxton. oy vies gig sie oa? 445 m. Posterior end of symphysis to posterior end of ramus .199 m. Width between posterior ends rami .............. 14° m. VUE AW eat BYTIN INVES, Cie qele anes < «wiv o'escyeishelare a as 05m. Width of jaw at about half the length ............ 03 m. Width jaw at anterior end, as preserved .......... 201° an, Number of teeth in five centimeters ............. 3 Occurrence.—CALVERT FoRMATION. # mile north of Governor’s Run. Collection.—Maryland Geological Survey. PRISCODELPHINUS URAEUS Cope. Tretosphys uraeus Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xxi, pp. 7, 8. Tretosphys uraeus Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila.,-2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 485 (mention only). Priscodelphinus wraeus Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Priscodelphinus wraeus Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 614. Description.—The species is founded upon a single lumbar from New Jersey with which Cope associated a single caudal from the mouth of the Patuxent river. The vertebrae are elongate as in the genus 14 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Zarhachis but not to the extent reached in that genus. The articular face of the lumbar was injured “ but evidently has been as deep as wide and perhaps nearly round. The median impression is punctiform and remarkably strong. The profile of the inferior outline is concave and constituted by an obtuse keel, on each side of which is a short longitu- dinal depression. The diapophyses have been broken off but their bases are both broad and deep, slightly filling the concavity of the - infero-lateral face. The supero-lateral face strongly concave in both directions. Lene ih) Cen imam 26. she nak Se ee ie 39 lines (78 mm.) Length of basis of neurapophysis........ 28.5 lines (57 mm.) Length of basis of diapophysis ......... 20 lines (40 mm.) Width neural canal yo. sc. ea. te sie eas 4 lines (8 mm.)” “ Caudal has broad diapophyses and a band-like impression passing in front of them, and converging at center of median line below; a character seen in many of the species of the genus. The points of attachment of the chevron bones are well marked; they entirely dis- appear on the middle portion of the centrum. The articular face is similar to that of the lumbar, but is a little broader than high. These surfaces are everywhere concave and are not marked by any longitu- dinal ridges. Botal Meret ¢)ok aa ce se eeac eed wae 39 lines (78 mm.) Length basis neurapophysis .......... 25 lines (50 mm.) Length basis diapophysis ............ 24 lines (48 mm.) Width: aeural seamal” 225%). anes amc 2.6 lines (5.2 mm.) Wigth: arhiowtar face ve... 5 5. sso ote es 25.5 lines (5.1 mm.) Depth articolarciaee) 2 25.. access. sk 21.3 lines (42.6 mm.) “This is probably the second of the genera in length, and the third in bulk.” Occurrence.—St. Mary’s Formation. Mouth of Patuxent river. Collectton.—The location of the type specimen is unknown. It was loaned to Cope by Tyson, then the State Agricultural Chemist of Maryland. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY is: PRISCODELPHINUS GRANDAEVUS Leidy. Plate XII, Figs. 1a, 1b, 1c. Priscodelphinus grandaevus Leidy, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. v, p. 327. Priscodelphinus grandaevus Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiy, p. 605, figs. 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 3c. Description.—An atlas vertebrae corresponds very closely in size and appearance to the figures of Priscodelphinus grandaevus Leidy, published by Cope. The anterior face is deeply concave. The articular faces for the occipital condyles are concave, broader above than below and inclined obliquely outward. The opening is roughly triangular. The upper surface is thin and there is no elevation of the neural arch; the top of the arch is marked by a low spine and on either side of this is a large foramen. On the sides the transverse processes are bifurcate, a broader process pointing upward and outward and a narrower one outward and downward, the two processes are connected by a sharp ridge and on either side of this are several small foramina for nutritive vessels. The posterior face shows strong articular faces for the axis and the lower surface of the inside of the ring shows an articular face for a broad odontoid process; the articular surface covers about two- thirds of the inner face of the lower portion of the ring and is marked off from the anterior portion by a low rugose line. The lower face is marked by a strong peg-like rugosity pointing backwards. There is no trace of a tendency to coalescence of the cervical vertebrae. Measurements: PLCACLA, GCLORE AMLCEION LACE: < ois 0c 60s occ ews sce oe 75 mm. PETE G UULOTUG TY LACE ve ols ooo bia ss eae dd a a nie efile 45 mm. Breadth across transverse processeS ........-..0008% 91 mm. Occurrence.—CALVERT Formation. } mile south of Chesapeake Beach. CollectionMaryland Geological Survey. Genus IXACANTHUS Cope. This genus was described with J. coelospondylus Cope as the type. The original generic description is as follows: “ This genus is similar to the next (Priscodelphinus) in the cylindric spinous character of the 16 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Giapophyses of the caudal and lumbo-sacral vertebrae, but differs from it and all other DELPHINIDAE with which I am acquainted in the man- ner of the attachment of the epiphyses of the vertebrae. Instead of being nearly plane and thin discs, they are furnished with two oblique faces above, which are capped by a projecting roof formed by the floor of the neural canal, while their central portion forms a knob which fits a corresponding shallow pit of the centrum.” IXACANTHUS CONRADI (Leidy). Delphinus conradi Leidy, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. vi, p. 35. Delphinus conrad: Cope, 1867, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xix, p. 144 (mention only). Priscodelphinus conradi Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 188. Priscodelphinus conradi Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 433 (mention only). Belosphys conradi Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Izacanthus conradi Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 614. Description.—The species was described by Leidy in 1852 from a single lumbar vertebra. “The epiphysial extremities of the vertebrae are pentahedral. Length of vertebral body .............. 24 inches (55 mm.) Breadth of epiphysial extremities ....... 1} inches (43 mm.) Breadth of base of transverse process....1} inches (43 mm.)” In 1868 Cope added from additional material: “Its affinities are apparently nearer the last mentioned species (P. harlani) than any other.” Occurrence.—CALVERT FoRMATION. Charles county near the Patux- ent river. Collection—The type specimen was probably placed in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia but seems to be lost. Cope’s specimens are there. IXACANTHUS STENUS Cope. Plate XIII, Figs. la, 1b. Priscodephinus stenus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, p. 188. Priscodephinus stenus Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p 455 (mention only). Belosphys stenus Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Tzacanthus stenus Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol xxiv, p. 614. MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A Description.—The species was described from two lumbar vertebrae. “They indicate both the smallest and the most slender species of the genus. A section of the vertebrae would have an almost pentagonal form, though the articular faces are sub-round, and, what occurs in no ‘other species, a little deeper than wide. The neural arch preserved in elevated and possesses a weak pair of zygapophyses. The bases of the broken diapophyses indicate that they are very wide. The lower face of the centrum has a strong median longitudinal angle, stronger than in any other species, and not prolonged into a keel. . . . The planes of the centra are mostly straight.” VICHY Teles Gig 101 le aa a aa 1 in. 7.2 lines (39.4 mm.) Pee sis a cantare inne age oy a. fake thee 1 in. .5 lines (26 mm.) RW AURRuhite See rts ote sats oe oP ate: s icbste eet 1 in. .5 lines (26 mm,) Wadene weural canal)... 0 c%s:4 + 6 aye. 5.8 lines (11.6 mm.) Width basis diapophysis ......... 10 lines (20 mm.) Eieisht: mental canals: 0.3 <. 3. 6 lines (12 mm.) Height zygapophysis ............ v9 lines (164 mm.)” Cope, 1868. Occurrence.—CALVERT Formation. Charles county near the Patux- ent river. Collection.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. IXACANTHUS SPINOSUS Cope. Plate XIII, Figs. 2, 3a, 3b, 4. Priscodelphinus spinosus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, pp. 187, 188, Priscodelphinus spinosus Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. vii, p. 433 (mention only). Belosphys spinosus Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Ixacanthus spinosus Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 603, fig. 1, p. 615. - Description—The vertebrae are described as “about as broad as long, with articular faces transversely oval and general form depressed; sides of centrum nearly plane to a well marked obtuse median keel.” 18 . SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Length centrum lumbar .......... 1 in. 9 lines (43 mm.) Widthsarticulam face 44. si Siveiee et: 1 in. 7.5 lines (40 mm.) leant jute iigv.ta tees. aft bie gate aT 1 in. 6 — lines (37 mm.) Length ‘diapophysis... 2.2 02.gelrk 2 in. (50 mm.) Width neural canal of ‘ 3 lines ( 6 mm.) Posterior Whole height of .... 3 in. 8 lines (91 mm.) lumbar Length diapophysis of ‘ 1 in. 6.5 lines (38 mm.) This specimen consisted of 2 cervicals, 3 dorsals, and 8 lumbars; the lumbars are characterized by the long spinous transverse processes. Cope says of this species, “this is the type of the genus, for in it the peculiar form of the diapophyses extends much farther forward on the series of vertebrae than in any other.” Corn, 1868. Occurrence—CALVERT ForMATION. Charles county near the Patux- ent river. Collection.—Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. IXACANTHUS ATROPIUS Cope. Plate XIII, Figs. 5a, 5b, 6. ‘Priscodelphinus atropius Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. xx, pp. 187, 188. Priscodelphinus atropius Leidy, 1869, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2nd ser., vol. vii, p. 433 (mention only). Belosphys atropius Cope, 1875, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xiv, p. 363. Izxacanthus atropius Cope, 1890, Amer. Nat., vol. xxiv, p. 614. Description.—* The diapophysis of the caudal is short and spinous, as in the last species (P. spinosus), and the last lumbar has had a nearly similar process. The centra of all are very slightly compressed and constricted medially. The dorsals are broadly rounded in section without inferior carina; on the last lumbar the lateral face below be- comes, as in other species, slightly concave.” “dhenigth of dorsal (L)\.:.).-