-/U^' L HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology The Library Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University - U/llL >ir5c. Ttct. No. re Chiggers (Acarina, Trombiculidae) from Vertebrates of the Yucatan Peninsula, Md^gpWP. 200U LfBRARY ^PP 1 4 1972 "ARVARD lJM(v/c;r>c:,yy, BY Richard B. Loomis MUSEUiM OF NATURAL HISTORY The University of Kansas 1969 University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66944 Requests of individuals are handled instead by the Museum of Natural History, The! University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044. When individuals request copies from the Museum the amount indicated below should be included for the purpose of defraying some of the costs of producing, wrapping and mailing. Nos. 6, 12, 17, 27, 36, 37, and 38 are obtainable only from the Arctic Institute. An asterisk (*) indicates that copies are no longer available from the Museum. *1. The Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas. By E. R. Hall and Ann Murray. Pp 1-16. illustrated. January 5. 1946. *2. Handbook of amphibians and reptiles of Kansas. By Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 1-336, 233 figure in text. September 12. 19.50. *3. In memoriam, Charles Dean Bunker, 1870-1948. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-11, 1 figure in text December 15, 1951. I *4. The University of Kansas. Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-38, 4 plates,| 3 figures in text. February 20, 1952. *5. Prairie chickens of Kansas. By Maurice F. Baker. Pp. 1-68. 4 plates, 15 figures in text. March 10. 1953. 6. The barren ground caribou of Keewatin. By Francis Harper. Pd. 1-163, 28 figures. October 21, 1955. Copies, paper bound, SI .50 postpaid from the Arctic Institute of North America, ICIS New Hampshire Avenue, N. 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Loomis MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The University of Kansas 1969 University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication No. 50, pp. 1-22, S figs. Puhlislwd June 10, 1969 EDITORS: FRANK B. CROSS, J. KNOX JONES, JR., and PHILIP S. HUMPHREY Lawrence • Kansas PRINTED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PRINTING SERVICE LAWRENCE, KANSAS 1969 Chiggers (Acarina, Trombiculidae) from Vertebrates of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico BY Richard B. Loomis In the summer of 1962, the Museum of Natural History at The University of Kansas initiated a field program to survey the verte- brate fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico — the states of Cam- peche and Yucatan and the territory of Quintana Roo. Two field parties were involved in the survey, one consisting of William E. Duellman and six students, and the second group of J. Knox Jones, Jr., and four students who were specifically working on Middle American terrestrial \'crtebrates and their ectoparasites. In addition, Percy L. Clifton, field collector for the Museum of Natural History worked in the area during the dry season of 1962-63. Several publications deal with the vertebrates taken on the Yuca- tan Peninsula in 1962 and 1963. Duellman (1965) fisted 96 species and subspecies of amphibians and reptiles based on 1744 specimens, and Klaas ( 1968 ) reported on 136 species of birds represented by 493 specimens taken in summer. Jones and Lawlor ( 1965 ) listed the mammals from Isla Cozumel and Lawlor (1965) discussed the distribution and \ariation of Veromyscus yucatanicus. Only two prcN'ious publications listed trombiculid mites from the Yucatan Peninsula. Wharton ( 1938) reported three species of chig- gers— Trombicula coniiUa \\'harton, based on free-living adults from caves, and two species, Hannemania nudosetosa Wharton and Trombicula myops Vitzthum, recovered as larvae from bats. The species H. nudosetosa was subsequently designated as the type spe- cies of the genus Wharionia, whereas the larvae originally deter- mined as T. myops apparently do not belong to that species. The only other reference to chiggers of the region was that of Jenkins (1949), who reported the common pest chigger, TroinbicuJa (Eu- tro m b icu la ) a Ifreddugesi. The purpose of this paper is to report the larval trombiculids known from the Yucatan Peninsula. A total of 1077 larvae consisting of 26 species of chiggers are reported below, including a new species of Euschoengastoides and two new species of Tecomatlana. In addi- tion, 21 species are reported from the Yucatan Peninsula for the first (3) 4 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. time, and eight of these are new records from Mexico: Odontacartis cayohrgoensis, Wagenaaria similis, Fonsecia gurneyi, Tecomatlana saccopteryx, Tecomafkina vesperuginis, PerissopaUa lipoglena, Peris- sopalla precaria and Euschoengastia desmodiis. New combinations inckide the transfer of Euschoengastia lipoglena Brennan and Jones to the genus PerissopaUa Brennan and White, and Tromhicula anophthalma Hoffmann to the genus Perates Brennan and Dalmat. Acknowledgments Most of the vertebrates and their larval chiggers were taken by two field parties. The group headed by J. Knox Jones, Jr., was supported by the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (contract no. DA- 49-193-MD-2215). The group directed liy William E. Duellman was supported in part by the Museum of \atural History and in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (G 20939, Special Projects in Science Education). Slide preparations and taxonomic studies of the chiggers were supported by Research Grant AI 03407 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to California State College at Long Beach, Richard B. Loomis, Principal Investigator. I am indebted to these other persons who obtained vertebrates and their chiggers: Ticul Alvarez, A. B. Amerson, Jr., Percy L. Clifton, William E. Duell- man, Richard C. Fox, J. Knox Jones, Jr., Erwin E. Klaas, Thomas E. Lovejoy III, Jack G. Makepeace, Dwight R. Piatt, William C. Stanley, Jerome B. Tulecke, and John Wellman. The amphibians and reptiles were identified by W. E. Duellman (1965), the birds by E. E. Klaas (1968), and the mammals by J. Knox Jones, Jr. In addition, I am grateful to Julius C. Geest for identifications of Pscudoschoengasiia, James L. Lucas for the determination of Lcptotrombi- dium panamense, James P. Webb, Jr., for measurements of selected larvae, and Elaine Katzer for the excellent illustrations. Explanation of Species Accounts The genera and species of chiggers are arranged alphal:)etically under the two subfamilies. Terminology usually follows that of Wharton et at. (1951). All measurements are in microns. The description of the larxal stage of each new species is based upon the holotype, supplemented by additional information from the type series. The larvae examined are arranged alphabetically by state or territory and locality; date (1962 unless otherwise noted); and host species, preceded by the number of individuals with chiggers and followed by the munber of larvae examined (in parentheses). The hosts are listed alphabetically by major groups as arranged in the host list. Only the genus and species of the host are listed in the accounts of chiggers, although subspecific determination, when known, is given in the host-chigger list. Both Duellman (1965) and Klaas (1968) provided a map and a gazetteer giving details of the collecting localities, including latitude and longitude, ele- vation, and type of vegetation. All lar\ ae listed are in the chigger research collection at California State College, Long Beach. Representatives of most species will be presented to the Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 5 following: Snow Entomological Museum, The University of Kansas; Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana; United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.; Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; G. W. Hooper Foundation, The University of California Medical Center, San Fran- cisco; Dr. Anita Hoffmann, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico; and to other appropriate institutions and individuals. Accounts of Species Family Trombiculidae Subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae Odontacarus cayolargoensis Bremian Campeche. — 5 km. S Champoton, 10-11 July, 2 Hetcromtjs gaumeri (9). Yucatan. — Chichen-Itza, 22-23 July, Otohjlomijs phijUotis (2), Peromtjscm yucataniciis (7), Sigmodon hispidus (8); Piste, 24-26 July, 3 Heteromys gau- meri (8). These are the first larvae of this species to be reported from Mexico, approxi- mately 950 kilometers southwest of the type locality. Key Largo, Florida. The type host, Sigmodon hispidus, also is one of the hosts herein reported from Yucatan. These larvae are similar to the description and a paratype of O. cayolargoen- sis. There is a microgenuala distal to genuala H, which is not figured or men- tioned in the original description (Brennan, 1959). Odontacarus chiapanensis (Hoffmann) QuixTAXA Roo. — 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 17 August, Ototylomys phijUotis (5); Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 28 July, Peromyscus yucantanictis (2). Larvae of this species, originally described from Chiapas, were not taken at any localities where O. cayolargoensis was recorded, although they were found on two of the same host species. Wagenaaria similis Brennan Campeche. — 13 km. W, 1 km. N Escarcega, 16 July, Pteronofus davyi (3). This is the second report of this recently described genus and species ( Bren- nan, 1967). The type series is from a bat, Mormoops megalophylla, that was taken on the island of Curacao, approximately 2500 kilometers southeast of Escarcega. Characteristics of the three larvae closely approach those described for the holotype and those of t\vo examined paratypes. Whartonia guerrerensis Hoffmann Campeche. — 13 km. W, 1 km. N Escarcega, 16 July, 2 Mormoops megalo- phylla (6). Although known from Guerrero, Mexico, to Trinidad, this is the first record from the Yucatan Peninsula. 6 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist, Whartonia nudosetosa (Wharton) QuixTANA Roo. — Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 28-29 July, Carollia perspicillata (2), Peropteryx macrotis ( 1 ). Yucatan. — Gruta de Balankanche, 5 km. E Chichen-Itza, 23-24 July, Arti- heiis jamaicensis (1), Desmodus rotiindus (1); 6 km. S Merida, 19 August, Glossophaga soricina ( 7 ) ; Piste, 22 July, Mimon coztimelae ( 1 ) . Wharton (1938) described this species from larvae taken off Artibeus jamaicensis and Peropteryx viacrotis ( originally listed as Peteropteryx canina canina) from a cave near Oxkutzcab, Yucatan. The four additional bat species listed above are new host records. Subfamily Trombiculinae Cordiseta mexicana (Hoffmann) Campeche. — 5 km. S. Champoton, 11 July, Heteromys gaiimeri (1); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14 July, Heteromys gaumeri (4). QuiNTANA Roo. — Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 28 July, Peromijscus yucataniciis (1). The monotypic genus Cordiseta is considered most closely related to species of the genus Pseudoschoengastia, subgenus Walchioides. Species of the two taxa possess virtually the same lar\'al characteristics, except for the conspicuous large, flattened, foliate, dorsal body setae and five prongs on the palpotibial claw in Cordiseta. Geest and Loomis ( 1968:11-12) commented on the characteristics of Cordiseta and Pseudoschoengastia. The single larva from Quintana Roo is referred tentatively to this species, although it differs in several characteristics from the Campeche specimens and from an examined paratype of C mexicana. Ectonyx fusicornis Brennan YucATAx. — 3 km. N Piste, 25 July, Heteromys gaumeri ( 1 ). The single larva is similar to E. fusicornis except that each of the six tarsi has only t\vo long, claw-like structures, one stout and the other slender. On several tarsi a small spur or stimip can be seen, which may be the base of a l^roken claw. Euschoengastia desmodus Brennan and Dalmat YucATAX. — Gruta de Balankanche, 5 km. E Chichen-Itza, 24 July, Glosso- phaga soricina (1); 6 km. S Merida, 18 August, Glossophaga soricina (1); Piste, 22 July, Mimon cozumelae (7). Although here retained in the original genus, £. desmodus does not belong to Euschoengastia. It is allied to the North American species Tromhictda tnii- vari Brennan and Tromhicula sprocssi Brennan, also parasitic on bats, and all three species belong to an imnamed genus. Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 7 Euschoengastoides wadei, new species ( Figure 1 ) Types. — Holotype and 20 paratopotypes from 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 65 m., Campeche, Mexico, from Ototylomys phyUotis ( KU 92352), original number TA 693, taken on 15 July 1962 liy Tieul AKarez; one paratype from 2 km. N Piste, 12 m., Yucatan, from Ototylomys phyllotis (KU 92307), original number WCS 470, taken on 21 July 1962 by W. C. Stanley. Diagnosis. — Larva, similar to Euschoengastoides loomisi (Crossley and Lipo\sky) in having three genualae I, dagger-shaped microgenuala I and micro- tibiala I, and sensilla sulicapitate; differing from E. loomi.si in haxing galeala branched. Description of holotype. — Body engorged, 380 by 280, eyes 2/2, posterior larger, ocular plate present; dorsal setal formula 4-12-8-8-8-6-2, total 48±; measurements of humeral seta 37, seta of first posthumeral row 33, and posterior dorsal seta 25; ventral seta formula 2-2 + 20 (preanal) + 24 (postanal), total 44; measurements of first sternal seta 28, posterior ventral seta 23. Scutum: Shape roughly rectangular, margins sinuous, SB roughly between AL's and PL's, sensilla expanded, setules present, but with nude ventral area (Fig. 1). Scutal measurements of holotype and (in parentheses) the mean and ex- tremes of six types, unless otherwise noted: AW, 60 (59, 56-65); PW, 71 (69, 66-72); SB, 21 (19, 17-21); ASB, 20 (21, 19-23); PSB, 12 (12.5, 12-13); AP, 20 (21, 20-22); AM, 32 (32, 24-36); AL, 24 (27, 24-30); PL, 44 (42, 38-44); S, 37/13 (36.5, 36-37, 2 specimens). Gnathosoma: Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap and ventral tooth, cheliceral base and capitular sternum punctate; galeala branched ( 3 to 4 branches); palpal setal formula B/B/B\B; palpotarsus with four branched setae and tarsala 8 m; palpotibial claw with three prongs, large axial prong with smaller accessory prongs. Legs with specialized setae as follows: leg I with three genualae and dagger- shaped microgenuala, two tibialae and microtibiala, tarsala 14 /t, microtarsala, su]:)terminala, parasubterminala, and pretarsala; leg II with genuala, tibiala, tarsala 15 n, microtarsala, and pretarsala; leg III having coxa with one branched seta, genuala, tibiala, tarsus with mastisetae; all legs with segments 7-7-7, but femora II and III partly fused, and terminating in tv\o claws and a claw-like empodium without on\chotriches. Leg index (holotype, mean and extremes of six types): I, 217 (213, 198- 231); II, 181 (197, 181-222); III, 213 (218, 209-227); total, 611 (629, 609- 680). Remarks. — This species is named in honor of Professor Otis Wade, formerly Professor of Zoology at the University of Nebraska, my friend and teacher, who was responsible for my entry into the study of chiggers. Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Oudemans) Campeche. — 5 km. SW Champoton, 10-11 July, 2 BasiUscus vittatus (16); 6 km. W Escarcega, 13 July, Ameiva nndulata (8); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14-16 8 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. '^=^y/^^^ Fig. 1. Euschoengastoides wadei, new species. A, scutum and eyes; B, dor- sal aspect of gnathosoma; C, ventral aspect of palpotibia and tarsus; D, body setae — posterior dorsal (PD), second sternal (2St), humeral (H); E, leg I, three distal segments, showing nude setae, with measurements in microns, and bases of branched setae; F, leg II, as above; G, leg III, as above. Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 9 July, Ameiva unduJaia (8), Anolis lemurinus (9), Leptophis mexicanus (4), 2 Oryzomtjs melanotis (II), Otofyloniy.s phyllotis ( 1 ), Piaya cayana ( 1 ), Rampho- cacnu.s nifivcnfiis (8), Sciunis dcppci (8), Sciunis yucatancnsis (27), 2 Sig- modon hispidus (11); 13 km. W, 1 km. N Escarcega, 16 July, Ciccaba virgata ( 11 ); 103 km. SE Escarcega, 7 June 1963, Sigmodon hispidus (2). QuiNTANA Roo. — 1 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 14-17 August, 3 Ameiva iindtdata (26), Dcndrocinda homochroa (3), 3 Oryzomys tuclaiwtis (15), Ofotyloniys phyllotis (3), Psdorliiuiis morio (6), Sciunis deppei (8), Sciunis yucatanensis (8); Isla Mujeres, 2 August, Ameiva umhdata (4), 2 Scelopoms chrysostictus (8); Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 27-30 July, AnoUs limifwns (2), 2 A7?)di;fl umhdata (12), Basdiscus vittatus (8), Cnernidophonis augusti- ceps (6), Ghiucidium biasdianum (12), /Vfl5«a (lanca (6), Ototylomys phyl- lotis (1), 2 Scelopoms chnjsostictus (17), 2 Sciinus yucatanensis (14); 6.7-8 km. W Puerto Juarez, 31 July, 2 Elaphc flavinifa (7), Spilotes pullatus (8). Yucatan. — Chichen-Itza, 27 July, Otonyctomys hatti (3); 2 km. E Chichen- Itza, 22 July, Onjzomys melanotis (1); Piste, 21-26 July, 3 Ameiva undulata (24), 2 Cyanocorax yncas (8), Marmosa canescens (8), Peromyscus yucatanicus (1), Rattus rattus (10). All of these larvae are tentatively assigned to E. alfreddugesi although there are certain differences among the specimens. This pest chigger has been reported previously from Chichen-Itza by Jenkins (1949), who stated that it is called "aradores" in Yucatan. E. alfreddugesi was the chigger most frequently taken on the peninsula. The reptiles, represented by 21 lizards of six species and four snakes of three species, were parasitized by no other chigger. Lizards, especially species of Ameiva, Cnemidophoius, and Sccloporus, were heaxily infested, and proliably represented the major hosts wherever they were common. In addition, eight of 10 birds (seven species) from which chiggers were collected and 23 of 81 terrestrial mammals (10 species) were hosts for these larvae. Thus 56 hosts representing 26 species were parasitized ]:)y E. alfreddugesi, the most widespread and abundant chigger of the Yucatan region. Eutrombicula batatas (Linnaeus) YucATAX. — 3 km. N Piste, 26 July, Sigmodon hispidus ( 1 ) Although widespread in the American tropics, this pest chigger has not been reported previously from the Yucatan Peninsula. Fonsecia (Parasecia) gurneyi (Ewing) Campeche. — 5 km. S Champoton, 11 July, Ototylomys phyllotis (1); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14-16 July, 6 Heteromys gaumeri (35), Ortalis vetula (1), Peromyscus leucopus (3). Yucatan. — Chichen-Itza, 23 July, Peromyscus yucatanicus (1); 3 km. N Piste, 26 July, Peromyscus leucopus (8). Scutal measurements of 13 specimens, unless otherwise noted: AW, 57 (53- 61); PW, 69 (64-74); SB, 28 (26-30); ASB, 23.5 (20-26); PSB, 17 (15-18); AP, 16 (14-18); AM, 35 (32-40); AL, 21 (18-26); PL, 39 (35-47); S, 51, 59 ( 2 specimens ) . 10 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. These specimens closely resemble Fonsecia gurneyi in all major character- istics ( Looniis, 1955). The length of the AM seta closely approaches the condi- tion in Fonsecia gurneyi canipestris (Loomis), but these larvae are not assigned to a subspecies. For the use of the generic and subgeneric names, see Loomis (1966). HofFmannina suriana (Hoffmann) Campeche. — 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14-16 July, Peromyscus leucoptis (2), Pewmyscus yucatanicus (2), Sciurus yucatanensis ( 1 ). Larvae of this species normally have two PL setae on each side of the scutum. However, among these five larvae only two have 2-2 PL's whereas two larvae have two PL's on one side and one PL on the other and one larva, al- though possibly incomplete as it has a broken scutal plate, seems to have only one PL on each side. These larvae are similar in all other characteristics, includ- ing the prominent dermal striae of the body. Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) panamense (Ewing) Campeche. — 5 km. S Champoton, 8-10 July, Heteromys gaumeri (6), 2 Ototylomys phyllotis (16); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 15 July, Columha flavirostris (3), Sigmodon hi.spidus (4); 65 km. S, 128 km. E Escarcega, 25 February 1963, Ototylomys phyhtis (8); 103 km. SE Escarcega, 7-13 June 1963, Orthogeomys hispidus (15), Sigmodon hispidus (14). QuiXTANA Roo. — 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 17 August, Heteromys gaumeri ( 1 ), Ototylomys pliyllotis ( 1 ). Yucatan-. — 2 km. E Chichen-Itza, 27 July, Ototylomys phyllotis (1); 66 km. NE Merida, 22 April 1963, Ototylomys phyllotis (11); Peto, 17 April 1963, Heteromys gaumeri (6); 2-3 km. N Piste, 21-26 July, 4 Ototylomys phyllotis (6). This is the first species of Leptotrombidium to be reported from the Yucatan Peninsula. The larvae seem to occur on hosts throughout the year, although most larvae were taken in July. Perates anophthalma (Hoffmann), new combination Yucatan-. — Gruta de Balankanche, 5 km. E Chichen-Itza, 23 July, 5 Des- modus rotimdus (16). This species, which occurs regularly on tropical American bats, has been difficult to place generically. Vercammen-Grandjean (1968) placed it in the subgenus Perates Brennan and Dalmat (1960), which he believed belonged in the genus Myotromhicula Womersley and Heaslip. However, Myotromhicula appears to be largely if not entirely Old World, whereas Perates is New World in distribution, and the numerous differences seem to warrant separate generic status for the two taxa. P. anophthalma was originally described in the genus Trombicula (Hoftmann, 1960:102). Perissopalla lipoglena (Brennan and Jones), new combination Campeche. — 13 km. W, 1 km. N Escarcega, 16 July, Mormoops mcgalo- phyllail). Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 11 Yucatan. — Giiita de Balankanche, 5 km. E Chichen-Itza, 24 July, Mor- moops megalophijUa (6). This species was described (as Euschocng,astia hpopjena Biennan and Jones, 1960:504-506) from a single larva found on Monnoops megalophijUa in Trini- dad. The above specimens agree with the holotype and the original description e.\cept that these larvae lack the sensilla. Examination of a\ailable larvae, including series from Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, revealed that this species belongs to the genus Perissopalla. It agrees with Perissopalla flagcllisetida Brennan and White (1960) and P. precaria (Brennan and Dalmat, 1960) in most characteristics, including the type of sen- silla; general shape of scutum; the numlier and position of nude setae on the legs, especially the tiny microtarsala I, which is in a pit. However, Perissopalla lipoglena is eyeless and the palpotarsus has five branched setae but lacks a sub- terminala, whereas the other two species have 2/2 eyes and the palpotarsal setal formula is 5 B.S. The species of Perissopalla are parasitic on bats. Perissopalla precaria (Brennan and Dalmat) Qltintana Roo. — 1 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 16 August, Glossophaga soricina (5). These larvae seem to be typical of the species. All lack the sensilla. Pseudoschoengastia (Pseudoschoengastia) brennani Hoffmann Campeche. — 7 km. N, 51 km. E Escarcega, 19 December, Peromyscus ijuca- tanictis ( 1 ) . Quintana Roo. — Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 28 July, Peromyscus yucatanicus (13). Yucatax. — 6 km. S Merida, 18 August, Peromyscus yucatanicus (2); 66 km. NE Merida, 22 April 1963, Ototylomys phyllotis (1); 3 km. N Piste, 26 ]u]y, Peromyscus yucatanicus (31). Geest and Loomis (1968:31) placed this species in the anomala group. Hoffmann (1960) reported Iar\ae from Chiapas from several species of Pero- myscus, which seems to be the preferred host genus. The palpogenual seta is branched on P. brennani, and nude on P. extrinseca and P. scitula. Pseudoschoengastia (Pseudoschoengastia) extrinseca Brennan Campeche. — 5 km. S Champoton, 10 July, Heteromys gaumcri (2); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14-16 July, 7 Heteromys gaumcri (19); 65 km. S, 128 km. E Escarcega, 25 February 1963, Ototylomys phyllotis ( 1 ). Quintana Roo. — 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 14-17 August, 2 Heteromys gaumeri (5), 2 Ototylomys phyllotis (4). Yucatan. — 2 km. E Chichen-Itza, 27 July, Ototylomys phyllotis (4); Piste, 21-26 July, 2 Heteromys gaumeri (6), 5 Ototylomys jihyllotis (16). Geest and Loomis (1968:31) placed P. extrinseca in the anomala group of the subgenus Pseudoschoengastia. Pseudoschoengastia extrinseca and P. bren- nani were not taken at the same locality and except for one larva of P. brennani on Ototylomys, a regular host for P. extrinseca, they were not foimd on the same host species. 12 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Pseudoschoengastia (Pseudoschoengastia) scitula Brennan and Jones Campeche. — 5 km. S Champoton, 11 July, Otohjlomys phyllotis (8); 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 14-16 July, 7 Heteroinys gaumeri (19), 2 Oryzomys mela- notis (2), Ototylomys phyllotis (19), Peromyscus leticopus (1), Sigmodon hispidus (1); 7 km. N, 51 km. E Escarcega, 19 December, Heteromys gaumeri (16); 65 km. S, 128 km. E Escarcega, 25 February 1963, Ototylomys phyllotis (7); 103 km. SE Escarcega, 9-13 June 1963, Orthogeomys hispidus (1), Heteromys gaumeri (16), Ototylomys phyllotis (7). QuixTANA Roo. — 85 km. W Chetumal, 4 March 1963, Heteroinys gaumeri (5), Ototylomys phijllotis (16); 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 14-17 August, 3 Heteromys gaumeri (18); Oryzomys melanotis (2), 2 Ototylomys phyllotis (19); Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 28 July, 3 Ototylomys phyllotis (23). Yucatan. — Chichen-Itza, 23-27 July, 2 Ototylomys phyllotis (6); Peto, 17 April 1963, Heteromys gaumeri (2); 2-3 km. N Piste, 21-26 July, 6 Heteroinys gaumeri (4), 6 Ototylomys phyllotis (33). Geest and Loomis (1968:23) placed this species in the farneri group. The holotype and only prexiously known specimen was taken from Liomys pictiis isthmius in Chiapas. This chigger can be separated from P. extrinseca by the shape of the scutum and by the branched palpodorsotibial seta in the latter. Larvae of both P. extrinseca and P. scitida were recovered from the same host on 19 occasions in the material here reported. Pseudoschoengastia (Walchioides) gouldi (Hoffmann) Campeche. — 7.5 km. W Escarcega, 15 July, Ototylomys phyllotis (1). This is the second locality of record for P. gouldi, which was described from four larvae taken in Chiapas. It agrees with the type series in most character- istics: palpal setal formula B/B/BNB; galeala N; scutal measurements — AW 41, PW 54, SB 18, ASB 18, PSB 11, AP 24, AL 20, PL 31, S 27, width 12; AM seta and setal base absent. Geest and Loomis (1968) recognized Walchioides Vercammen-Grandjean (type species Walchia gorddi Hoffmann) as a subgenus of the genus Pseudo- schoengastia, for those species that ha\ e the PL's on the scutum. Speleocola secunda Brennan and Jones Campeche. — 7 km. N, 51 km. E Escarcega, 19 December, Peromyscus yucatanicus ( 85 ) . Yucatan. — 6 km. S Merida, 18 August, Peromyscus yucatanicus (8); 3 km. N Piste, 26 July, Peromyscus yucatanicus (2). The presence of larvae on white-footed mice and their absence from bats was unexpected because the type series of this chigger was from a bat (Mi- cronijcterisj taken on the island of Trinidad. This is the first report from the Yucatan Peninsula and from Peromyscus. The 95 larvae are similar except that there are two size groups. The 10 lar\ae from Yucatan and 59 of the 85 larvae from Campeche ha\e shorter legs and shorter setae, especially tarsalae I, II, and the scutal setae (AL, AM, PL). The other 26 larvae from Campeche have longer legs and setae, which are extremely close in measurements and other Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 13 features to those given for S. secunda (Brennan and Jones, 1960). Since larvae of both size groups were taken off the same indi\ idual liost and no other differ- ences could he discerned, all of the above larvae are considered to be Speleocola secunda. Studies are underway to determine the status of these and other larvae of the genus Speleocola. . . Tecomatlana alvarezi, new species ( Figiu-e 2 ) Types. — Holotype and eight paratopotypes from Gruta de Balankanche, 5 km. E Chichcn-Itza, Yucatan, Mexico; holotype and seven paratopotypes from Mijotis nigricans ( KU 91906), original number TA 757, taken on 25 July 1962 by Ticul Alvarez; one paratopotype from Natahis stramineus, taken on 23 July 1962 by W. C. Stanley. Diagnosis. — Larva, similar to Tecomatlana texana ( Loomis and Crossley), T. spinirostris Vercammen-Grandjean, T. vesperuginis, and T. tjucatanica in having three genualae 1, palpal femur with lateral projection, cheliceral blade having small cap with few serrations, PL setae on scutmn, and palpal tarsus 7 B.S.; differing from them in having PL setae forward, close to AL's, three prongs on palpotibial claw, galeala nude, eyes 0/0, with mastitarsala III, and body setae beginning 2-12-12. De.scription of liolotypc. — Body engorged, 500 by 470, eyes absent; dorsal setal formula 2-13-12-10-8-4, total 50; measurements of humeral seta 53, seta of first posthumeral row 53, posterior dorsal seta 40; ventral setal formula 2-2+22 (preanal) + 32 (postanal), total 58; measurements of first sternal seta 43, sec- ond sternal seta 46, posterior ventral seta 33. Scutum: AL and PL seta close together, SB posterior to line between PL's, scattered puncta, sensilla unknown (see Fig. 2A). Scutal measurements of holotype, and (in parentheses) the mean and ex- tremes of eight types, unless otherwise noted: AW, 71 (74, 71-82, 5 speci- mens); PW, 74 (79, 74-86, 5 specimens); SB, 24 (27, 24-31, 7 specimens); ASB, 23 (22, 20-24, 7 specimens); PSB, 16 (18, 16-20, 7 specimens); AP, 12 (10, 8-12, 6 specimens); AM, 56 (56, 46-65, 6 specimens); AL, 30 (31, 30-36, 6 specimens); PL, 53 (52, 49-56); S, — . Gnathosoma: Cheliceral blade with prominent tricuspid cap, serrations not seen, cheliceral base and capitular sternum punctate; galeala nude; palpal setal formula B/B/BBN; palpal tarsus with seven branched setae, subterminala and tarsala, 12; palpotibial claw trifurcate with stout axial prong. Legs with specialized setae as follows: leg I with three genualae and micro- genuala, two tibialae and microtibiala, tarsala, 34 (39, 39-41), microtarsala, subterminala, parasubterminala and pretarsala; leg II, with genuala, tibiala, tarsala 26 (25, 23-27), microtarsala and pretarsala; leg III, coxa with one branched seta, genuala, tibiala, and mastitarsala; all legs with segments 7-7-7 and terminating in two claws and a claw-like empodium without onychotriches. Leg index (holotype, mean and extremes of eight types): I, 262 (280, 245- 310); II, 239 (252, 230-268); III, 254 (288, 254-314); total 755 (820, 748- 875). Remarks.— This species is named for Sr. Ticul AKarez of the National Poly- technic Institute, Mexico City, for his excellent contributions to the study of 14 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Fig. 2. Tecomatlana alvarezi, new species. A, scutum; B, dorsal aspect of gnathosoma; C, \eiitral aspect of palpotibia and tarsus; D, body setae — posterior dorsal (PD), second sternal (2 St), humeral (H); E, leg I, three distal segments, showing nude setae, with measurements in microns, and bases of branched sefae; F, leg II, as above; G, leg III, as above. Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 15 Mexican vertebrate zoology and for collecting this and numeroxis other species of chiggers. The placement of this species in the genus Tccomatlana is tentative. It seems to have most of the characteristics of that genus. However, the shape of scutum differs from that of other species and the sensilla is unknown. Tecomatlana (Hooperella) saccopteryx (Brennan and Jones) Campeche. — 13 km. W, 1 km. N Escarcega, 16 July, Saccoptcnjx hilineata (24). This species has not been reported previously from Mexico. It \\'as described from the island of Trinidad and additional records are from Colombia, Peru, and Panama, off Saccopteryx hilineata. Vercammcn-Crandjean (1967) placed it in the genus Tecomatlana, subgenus Hooperella. Tecomatlana (Hooperella) vesperuginis (Brennan and Jones) Yucatan. — Piste, 20 July, 2 Artibetis janiaicensi.s (6). This is the first report of T. ve.speru^ini.s in Mexico; the species was known previously from Trinidad (Brennan and Jones, 1960) and Panama (Brennan and Yunker, 1966). Tecomatlana (Hooperella) yucatanica, new species (Figure 3) Types. — Holotype and 10 paratopotypes from Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico, taken on 20 August 1962 from Tadarida laticaudata ( KU 92019-20, 92023), original numbers ABA 155 (foiu- lar\ae), 156 (two larvae), 159 (one larva), and 162 (four larvae, including holotype) by A. Binion Amerson, Jr. Diagnosis. — Larva, similar to Tecomatlana acutascuta (Brennan), T. suh- acutascuta Vercammen-Grandjean, T. texana, T. ve.^peniginis, and T. spiniro.stris in ha\ing three genualae I, PL's on scutum, cheliceral blade with serrated cap, palpotarsus with 7 B.S., sensilla flagelliform, palpofemiu" and genu with branched setae; differing from them in having several internal rings in tarsi, scutum with- out posteromedian projection, palpotibial claw with five prongs, galeala branched, palpal segments without lateral projections. Description of holotype. — Body engorged, 650 by 400, color in life un- known; eyes 2/2, anterior larger, posterior faint, ocular plate present, color in life probably red; dorsal setal formula 2-9-6-6-6-8-6-6-6-4-4+22, total 85; meas- urements of humeral seta 43, seta of first posthumeral row 33, and posterior dorsal seta 30; xentral setal formula 2-2-6-6-4-4-4-4-4-4, total 40; measurements of first sternal seta 40, second sternal seta 34, and posterior ventral seta 28. Scutimi: Shape roughly rectangular, numerous large puncta, sensillary base near midpoint, sensilla with several terminal branches. Scutal measurements of holotype and (in parentheses) the mean and ex- tremes of 10 types: AW, 65 (65, 60-72); PW, 87 (87, 84-95); SB, 32 (31.5, 30-35); ASB, 27 (27, 24-28); PSB, 19 (21, 17-29); AP, 32 (31, 26-35); AM, 37 (42, 37-48); AL, 35 (35, 32-39); PL, 38 (37, 35-39); S, 87 (91, 85-102). Gnathosoma: Cheliceral blade with serrated cap, cheliceral base and capitu- lar sternum strongly punctate; galeala branched; palpal setal formula B/B/NNB; 16 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Fig. 3. Tecomatlana ijucatanica, new species. A, scuhim and eyes; B, dorsal aspect of gnathosoma; C, \ential aspect of palpotibia and tarsus; D, Iwdy setae — posterior dorsal (PD), second sternal (2St), humeral (H); E, leg I, three distal segments, showing nude setae, with measurements in microns, and bases of branched setae; F, leg II, as above; G, leg III, as above. Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 17 palpal tarsus with se\en branched setae, subterminala, and tarsala; palpotibial claw with fi\e prongs. Legs with specialized setae as follows: leg I, \\ith three genualae and niicrogenuala, two tibialae and microtibiala, tarsula, 23 (24, 22-26), distal niicrotarsala, subterminala, parasubterminala, and pretarsala; leg II, with genuala, two tibialae, tarsala 20 (19, 17-21), niicrotarsala, and pretarsala; leg III, coxa with one branched seta, genuala, tibiala, tarsus without nude niasti- setae; all legs 7-7-7 with segments punctate and terminating in two claws and a claw-like empodiuni without onychotriches. Leg index ( holotype, means and extremes of 10 types): I, 413 (403, 345- 423); II, 368 (360, 300-330); III, 378 (389, 362-412); total, 1159 (1152, 1063-1225). Remarks. — Jones and Alvarez (1962) discussed the taxonomic status of the host free-tailed bat, Tadarkla laticatidata ijiicatanica (Miller), a subspecies known from the Yucatan Peninsula eastward to Panama. The specific name of the chigger refers to the host taxon and the type locality. Tecomatlana (Tecomatlana) sandovali HoflFmann QuiNTANA Roo. — Pueblo Nuevo X-Can, 29 July, 2 Peroptenjx macrotis (13). This species has been reported previously from Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama, but this is the first record from the Yucatan Peninsula. Emballonurid bats are the major hosts for this chigger. Chigger-Host Relationships A brief review of the chigger-host relationships seems appropri- ate. Many vertebrates were examined for ectoparasites, including most of the amphibians ( 20 species ) and reptiles ( 67 species ) listed by Duellman (1965), at least 105 birds of 60 genera ( Klaas, 1968) and more than 375 mammals of seven orders, 42 genera and 52 spe- cies. Bats (18 genera, 21 species and 181 specimens) and rodents ( 14 genera, 19 species and 169 individuals ) comprised most of the mammals examined and nearly all of the hosts. Chiggers were not recovered from amphibians. The reptilian hosts, represented by 21 lizards of six species and four snakes of three species, had only the pest chigger, Eutromhicida alfreddugesi. There were 10 avian hosts of nine species, and eight of these birds were infested only by E. alfredduii^esi. Chiggers of 26 species were recovered from 25 species of mammals, including one marsupial, one carnivore, 27 bats of 12 species, and 79 rodents of 11 species. A total of 27 individuals of the 181 examined bats had chiggers and only four of these harbored two kinds of chiggers. Twelve spe- cies of chiggers were taken from the 12 species of bats. Some host selectivity seems to be present although most of the previously de- scribed chiggers are known from additional hosts. 18 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Eighty-one of the 194 terrestrial mammals possessed chiggers and 37 of these had only one kind of chigger. Of the 44 individual hosts with two or more kinds of chiggers, 30 harbored two, 11 had three, two possessed four, and a climbing rat, Ototijlonujs phyllotis, had five species of chiggers. Three kinds of rodents totaled 100 of the 169 individuals exam- ined and 54 of the 79 rodents that harbored chiggers. Seven of 37 Peromyscus yucatanicus had chiggers, 24 of 35 Heteromys gaiimeri were infested, and 23 of 28 Ototyhmys phyllotis had larvae, and eight species of chiggers were recovered from each of these three kinds of hosts. The latter two kinds represent all but one of the hosts with three or more species of chiggers and 19 of the 30 hosts that harbored two species of chiggers. The common pest chigger, Eiitromhicula alfreddttgesi, was abundant on terrestrial mammals, as 23 of the 81 chigger hosts were parasitized by these larvae. On rodents, the most abundant genus of chiggers was Pseiidosclwengastia, which has four species on the Yucatan Peninsula. One or more of the four species were found on 51 of 79 rodents, and on 39 of the 44 hosts ( 89 per cent) with two or more species. At least one kind of Pseiidosclwengastia was recorded from 22 of the 24 Heteromys gaumeri and from 19 of the 23 Ototy- hmys phyUotis. The most abundant species, P. scitula, represented by 180 larvae, was taken from 44 hosts of seven species of rodents, and was found on 20 of the 24 //. gaumeri and on 18 of the 23 O. phyllotis. In summary, 26 species of chiggers, belonging to 15 genera, are reported from the Yucatan Peninsula. Chiggers were recovered from 143 individual vertebrates of 43 species. Reptiles harbored only Eiitromhicula alfreddugesi, whereas birds had E. alfreddugesi and two other species of chiggers. All 26 kinds of chiggers were found on the mammals with 12 species on bats and the other 14 kinds on terrestrial mammals. The three most abundant and widespread chiggers were E. alfreddugesi (352 larvae), P. scitula (ISO larvae) and Leptotromhidium panamense (92 specimens), all from ter- restrial hosts. Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 19 List of Vertebrate Hosts and Their Chiggers from THE Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Reptilia Ameiva tindidata gaigeae Anolis lemurinus hourgcaei Anolis limifrotis rodriguezi Basdisctis vittatus CnemidopJiorus augusticeps aiigiisticeps Sccloponis ch rysostictiis Elaphe flavirufa phaescens Leptopliis mcxicanus mexicanus Spdotes puUatus mexicanus Sauna Eiitrombicula alfreddiigesi Eiitwiuhicida alfreddtigesi Eiitroniljicula alfreddiigesi Eiitiombicida alfreddiigesi Eutro7nbictda alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi Serpentes Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi AVES Ciccaha virgata centralis Cijanocorax ijncas maija Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Orialis vctida intermedia Coliimha flavirostris fiavirostris Fiaija cayana thermophila PsilorJiinus morio Ramphocaenus riifiventris Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicii la alfredd 1 1 gesi Eutromhicula alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicida alfreddiigesi Fonsecia giirueyi Leptotromhidiiim panamense Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Eutromhicula alfreddiigesi Eiitromhicida alfreddugesi Marmosa canescens canescens Artibeus jamaicensis yiicatanicus Carollia perspicillata azteca Desmodus rotundus murinus Glossophaga soricina leachii Mimon cozumelae Mormoops jnegalophylla megaloph Myotis nigricans extremus Natalus stramineus mexicanus Peroptcryx macrotis macrotis Pteronotus davyi fulviis Saccopteryx hdineata Tadarida laticaudata yiicantanica Mammalia Marsupialia Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Chiroptera Whartonia niidosetosa Tecomatlana vesperuginis Whartonia niidosetosa Whartonia nudosetosa Perates anophthalma Whartonia nudosetosa Euschoengastia desmodus Perissopalla precaria Whartonia nudosetosa Euschoengastia desmodus tjlla Whartonia giierrerensis Perissopalla lipoglena Tecomatlana alvarezi Tecomatlana alvarezi Whartonia nudosetosa Tecomatlana sandovali Wagenaaria sim dis Tecomatlana saccopteryx Tecomatlana yucatanica 20 Misc. Publ. 50, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Rodentia Orthogeomys hispidus yucatanensis Heteromys gaumeri Oryzomys melanotis megadon Onjzomys melanotis yucatanensis Otonyctomijs Jiatti Ototylomys phyllotis pJnjUotis Feromyscus leucopus castaneus Peromyscus yucatanicus Ratius lattiis Sciurus deppei vivax Sciunis yucatanensis baliolus Sigmodon hispidus microdon Nasua naiica yucatanica Leptotromhidium panamense Fseudoschoengastia scitula Odontacarus cayolargoensis Coidiseta mexicana Ectonyx fusicornis Fonsecia gurneyi Leptotromhidium panamense FseudoscJu)engastia hrennani Fseudoschoengastia extrinseca Fseudoschoengastia scitula Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Fseudoschoengastia scitula Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Odontacarus cayolargoensis Odontacarus chiapanensis Eutromhicula alfreddugesi E uschoengastoides wadei Fonsecia gurneyi Leptotromhidium panamense Fseudoschoengastia scitula Fseudoschoengastia extrinseca Fonsecia gurneyi Hoffmannina suriana Fseudoschoengastia scitula Odontacarus cayolargoensis Odontacarus chiapanensis Cordiseta mexicana Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Fonsecia gurneyi Hoffmannina suriana Fseudoschoengastia hrennani Speleocola secunda Eutrond)ictda alfreddugesi Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Eutromhicida alfreddugesi Hoffmannina suriana Odontacarus cayolargoensis Eutromhicida alfreddugesi Eutrond)icula hatatas Leptotromhidium panamense Fseudoschoengastia scittda Cainivora Eutromhicula alfreddugesi Chiggers from Yucatan Vertebrates 21 Literature Cited Brexxax, j. 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Revision of the genus Myotromhicula Womersley and Heaslip, 1943 (Trombiculidae: Acarina). Acarologia, 10:65-85. Wharton, G. W. 1938. Acarina of Yucatan Caves. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., ( 491): 137- 1.52. Wharton, G. W., D. W. Jenkins, J. M. Brennan, H. S. Fuller, G. M. Kohls, and C. B. Philip 1951. The terminology and classification of trombiculid mites (Acarina, Trombiculidae). J. Parasit., 37:13-31. T]ic author, Richard B. Loomis, is Professor of Biology, CaUfornia State College at Long Beach. Costs of tliis Miscellaneous PubUcation of the Museum of Natural History were paid from funds granted for research on tropical Ameri- can vertebrates and their ectoparasites under a contract (DA-49-193-MD-2215) between the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command and The University of Kansas. 3 2044 093 361 608 Date Due Cm