Division X Section
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
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[* COT 5 1922 *] £6/CAL S£W>V'
THE MISSIONAR REVIEW OF THE WORLD
Vol. XLIV Old Series Vol. XXXIV New Series
Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 18SS to 1911
REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.
JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1921
EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR
EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES
Mrs. H. _W. Peaeody Mrs. E. C. Cronk
Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department
Florence E. Quinlan Woman's Home Mission Bulletin
EDITORIAL COUNCIL
Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, D.D. Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D.
Rev. Enoch F. Bell Florence E. Quinlan
Franklin D. Cogswell Rev. Wm. P. Schell
Rev. W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Taylor
Rev. S. G. Inman Fennell P. Turner
Mrs. Orrin R. Judd Rev. Charles L. White, D.D.
Rev. Ralph Welles Keeler, D.D. Rev. Robert P. W ilder
Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D.
Rev. Artley B. Parson
Copyrighted, 1921 — Published by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc. Third and Reily Streets, HARRISBURG, PA., and 156 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK
Board of Directors
Robert E. Speer, President Mrs. E. C. Cronk
Frank L. Brown, Vice-President Harlan P. Beach
Walter McDougall, Treasurer Mrs. Henry W. Peabody
Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Fleming H. RevelL
W. I. Chamberlain Dickinson W. Richards
Frederick L. Colver
I
CONTEXTS OF OXE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
Each year the REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).
INDEX FOR 1921
MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS
Page
Christmas Star, How to Make 879
— Tree, Window 878
Distribution of Membership — Downtown
Churches 771
Diagram for Making Circle 939
— Protestant and Catholic Churches, Spring-
field, Mass 773
Family Worship Chart, Korean 531
Famine in China, Extent of 349
Korean Family Worship Chart 531
Lutheran Quadricentcnary Poster 270
MONGOLIA, Map of 615
Prayer Chart, Chinese, Women's 557
Posters for Missionary Meetings 956, 961, 962
SUDAN, North Africa 435
— Compared with Europe 436
Soul hern Highland Region 945
Suburban Residents, City Church Attraction
of 771
Suggestion for Alphabet and Invitations 966
TURKEY According to the Recent Treaties .. 106
PHOTOGRAPHIC
ABYSSINIA, Prince Lidj Yassu 185
— State Procession in 174
Abyssinian Church, Archbishop of 189
— Church of St. George 187
AFRICA, Arnot's Carriers Crossing River ... 357
— Christian Family in South 849
— General Missionary Conference in South .. 847
— Heathen Family in South 843
Alexander, Charles M 219
American Citizen in Embryo 779
Arab Tiov Plaving with Bird 837
— Girl, Young 835
— Shopkeeper, Small 839
Arabian Town, Street Scene in 824
Armenian Pastors in Cilicia, Surviving 744
Arnot, Frederick S 355
Beggar on the Mount, Typical 119
BEIRUT, American University of 193
Bible Teachers' Training School, Xew York . 303
Pliss, Daniel 195
BRAZIL, Girls' School at Plradcaba 385
Huddhist High Priest of Tibet 609
BURMA, Demon Altars in 621
— Great Shive Dragon Pagoda 273
— Harvesting Rice in 6'7
— Plowing in 625
— School of American Mission Rangoon 271
— Sugar Cane in 629
— Transformed Village in 619
Burmese Oil Mill 6"?3
— Plow 623
CAMBODIA, Capital of 123
Cambodian Performing His Devotions 126
Cambodians Live, Houses in Which I'M
— Racing Boat of 125
CHINA. Temples and Shrines on Holy Mount 1 1 8
— War God of the Temple 119
Chinese Presbyterian Church in San Fran- cisco 137
— Students at Christian Conference 88
Christ and the World's Children 55
Christian Village, Hopi Indian 289
Christmas Tree for All Xations 873
— Village in Cathedral School 876
City District, Mission Building 767
ILLUSTRATIONS
COLOMBIA, Presbyterian Mission in Medellin 3S9
Dixon Mission School for Mexicans 364
ELLIS ISLAND, Gateway to America 775
— Registration Room 777
Fisk Seminary, Persian Girls in 20
Gardiner, Bishop T. M 588
Ginling College, Open Air Class Room 867
Halsey, Abram W 504
— Dr. at Conference in Mexico 515
— Dr. in West Africa 519
HA.YASHI, Utako, Japanese W. C. T. U 380
Highland Schoolhouse Used as Church 949
Hindu Temple, San Francisco 281
Hop] Indian Christian Village ?89
— Indians at Ream's Canon 291
— Indians in Pueblo Home 287
— Pueblo in Arizona 285
Idol in Chinese Temple, Portland, Oregon ... 135
Immigrants, Family of Dutch 781
INDIA, Class at Isabella Thoburn College ... 868
— Mission Compound in Tinnevelly 931
— Three Wanted Children of 9D6, 929
— William Miller Building, Miraj Hospital . 277 Indian Christians at Ream's Canon, Hopi ... 291
— Girls at Sherman Institute 537
— Interpreters, Sherman Institute 540
Lillians in Pueblo Home, Hopi 287
International Missionary Union 697
JAPAN, Wind Devil 664
Japanese Girls Drilling 865
— Kindergarten in America 384
— Mission in California 88
— Mission Kindergarten, Los Angeles 133
— Notice Prohibiting Christianity 374
— Tea House 675
— Y. M. C. A. Reading Room, California 383
Kan En Vong of China 476
Kawaii, Mirhiko, of Japanese Y. W. C. A. .. 378
Khanto Bala Rai of Bengal 475
Kindergarten for Japanese in America 384
Kolatorova, Madame of Prague 476
KOREA, Bible Conference in 5?9
— Gathering of Christians in 6S5
— Worship as Taught in 532
Korean Family Reading Bible 687
— Plague Destroyers, Wayside Images of 686
Ill
— Village, Street in 689
Loggers and Big Redwood Tree 601
Logging Camp, Dinner in 596
Lumber Camp in California 595
— Jack Hotel 603
Madras Students Teaching Children 869
Manoramabai 861
Ma Saw Sa of Burma 475
McLean, Archibald 693
Mexicans in New Mexico — School for 365
— in Y. M. C. A. Camp in U. S 361
Mountain Store in South 951
MIRAJ, Class of Indian Nurses 280
— Medical School, Teachers and Students ... 279
Mongolian at Home 613
Moravian Sunday-School, Santo Domingo ... 50
Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City 21
Moslem Festival Parade, Detroit 787
— Magazine, Cover of American 791
Mosque at Detroit, Moslem 789
Nagao, Hampei 375
Nandamah, Dr. of South India 475
Navajo Y. M. C. A 541
— Y. W. C. A. Cabinet 539
Nitobe, Dr. Inazo 679
Nurses in Miraj Hospital, Class of 280
Orientals in America, Christian Influence on 83
Peking Union Medical College 925, 926, 927
PERSIA, Protestant Preacher in 17
— Village of Zushk 761
Persian Girl, A Rescued 18
— Mountain Girls in Fisk Seminary 20
— Refugees Seeking Missionary Help 12
— Village of Kang 763
Pilgrim Climbers to Holy Mount 117
Pilgrimage Mount, Missionaries and Evan- gelists Jogging Toward 120
Porto Rican Sunday-School 211
PORTO RICO,- Evangelical Seminary of 209
— Hon. Emile del Toro Cuebas 212
— Old Rum Shop in 207
— Typical Sunday-School in 210
— Y. M. C. A., San Juan 213
Allen, E. T .13
Anthony, Alfred Wms 509, 595
Atkinson, Henry A 66
Avison, O. R 40
Barton, James L 31
Beach, H. P 543
Beets, Henry 393
Blair, W. N 528
Boggs, S. W 107
Boggs, A. M 766
Bradley, Maude E ,. 964
Brown, Frank L 53
Browning, Webster E 385, 937
Butler, Clementina 859
Buxton, Travers 853
Cady, George L 400
Calverley, Eleanor T 835
Carmichael. Amy Wilson 929
Case, Brayton C 619
Cronk, Mrs. E. C.
56, 145, 225, 311, 477, 552, 633, 711, 797, 872, 9S7
Currier, Raymond P 271
Donaldson. Dwight M 761
Doughty. W. E 60
Drach, George 391
Drurv, Clifford M 281
Drury, Philo W 207
Dunkelberger, Stella C 139
Eakin, J. A 368
Eddv, Sherwood 101
Eleazer, Robert B 468
Farmer, Mrs. Wm. H 14, 319
Faunce, W. H. P 25
Fereruson, Mrs. John 405
Fereuson, W. L 34
Fleming. D. J 127, K4S
Fnote. W. R 533
Franklin, J. H 707
Garland, S. J 471
Gleason. Georse 374, 459
Goddard, Dwisrht 932
Goforth, Jonathan 841
Graham, James A 606
Ramabai and Her Daughter 859
RANGOON, School of American Mission 271
Relief Work in Urumia 19
Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess 260
SANTO DOMINGO, Protestant Chapel in 46
— Reminder of Columbus 43
— Roman Catholic Cathedral 47
Sherman Institute, Navajo Girls at 537
Shinto Religious Leader 678
SIAM, Tai Chief of Mountaineer Village 369
— Tai Mountaineer Village 371
— Women and Children of Tai Race 344
"Star of Hope" Mission, Patterson, N. J. ... 449
Street Work for Children, New York 305
Southern Highlanders 946, 947
SUDAN, Australian Mission Dispensary at
Melut 441
— Dinka Women of Eastern 424
— Mohammedan Converts in the 439
— Two Mohammedan Missionaries in the 437
Suicides, Signboard for 309
Sunday-School Convention Assembled in
Theater 53
— Convention, Scenes at World 1
Tagore's School near Calcutta 549
Temple Worship, China 121
TIBET, Buddhist Priest and His Wife 609
— Dr. Shelton Crossing Lake in 607
— Dr. Shelton in Mountains of 584
Tibetan Workmen, Dr. Shelton Paying Off .. 611
Tibetans Baptized at Batang 434
Turkish Hospital at Aintab, Remnant of 744
— Srhool, Aintab, Wrecked 759
URUMIA, Distributing Flour to Kurdish
Refugees 19
— Mission Work Destroyed by Kurds 15
Uyemura, Masahisa 523
Vellore, Union Medical School 871
VENEZUELA. View of Caracas 937, 939
Women's Welfare Association, Kobe, Japan . 310
Wyburn, John H 451
Yen Ching Serving Breakfast to Famine
Refugees 866
Greene, Amy Blanche 856
Hamilton, Kate W 406
Harlan, Rolvix 64
Harrison, Paul W 759
Hayne, Coe 284
Higley, Merle 767
Hill, William A 883
Hough, S. S 292
Hodge. Margaret 403
Hooper, C. T 185
Hunt, Geo. W. P 564
Hyslop, Henrietta M 219, 695
Inman, S. G 43, 401
Jaffray, Robt. A 123
Johnson, Mrs. Luke G 722
Kanamori. Paul 682
Knubel, F. H 59
Kumm, H. K. W 435
Kurtz, Robert M 303
Kyle, Alice M 403
Laidlaw, Walter 559
Lambuth, Walter R 204
Latourette, K. S 299
Mackenzie. .Tenn Kenyon 355
McGavran, John G 691
Menzer, Edith 536
Mehlhouse. Brenda L 960
Merrill, John E 755
MiNikin, B. Carter 957
Nisbet, J. L 465
Noble, W. A 685
Overs, Walter Henry 29
Ovler, Mrs. D. S 441
Packard, Harry P 644
Peabody, Mrs. H. W 482, 639, 803, S65, 967
Persons. Silas E 404
Person, Delavan L 395
Pierson. Ernest D 451
Piper. Maude Garrett 575
Ouinlan. Florence E 64, 231, 404, 559, 719, 881
Read. B. E 9^5
Roi«chauer, A. K 199
Roundy, Rev. Rodney W. 21, 133, 214, 361, 402, 945
AUTHORS
IV
Sailer, T. H. P 882
Schneder, D. B 675
Scott, Chas. E 116
Scott, George T 464
Shelton, A. L 607
Singh, Sadhu Sundar 862
Speer, Robert E 396, 515, 917
Stam, Peter, Jr 449
Stewart, Geo. Craig 792
Stewart. W. R. and A. W 613
Stirewalt, A. J 39
Taylor, .Tames Dexter 847
Taylor, Mrs. Howard 845
Thompson, Chas. L. 399
Thompson, Edith P 958
Tillotson, Emily C 881
Tucker, H. C 443
Wainright, S. H 523
Wallis, Frederick A 775
Wan less, W. J 277
Warnshuis, A. L 37, 783
Waterhouse, Paul B 382
Weber, H. L 455
Wilder, Robert P 39S
Winton, G. B 41
Zwemer, S. M 787
SUBJECTS -ARTICLES AND NEWS
Aborigines in China 493
— of Australia 77
ABYSSINIA, Most Ancient Monarchy (a) C.
T. Hooper 183
Acadians, Work Among 813
Aeroplane, Missions by 890
AFRICA, A Doctor's Experience in West (a)
H. L. Weber 455
— Anti-Alcohol in East 574
— Better Missionary Methods in (b) 829
— Changing Native Customs 416
— Chief's Last Palaver 575
— Church Pews from Sacred Trees 731
— Crisis in Education in South (b) 593
— Educational Commission 650
— Educational Progress in 239
— Exiled Herero Christians 488
— Industrial Institute at Quessua 487
— Inland Mission 487
— Is Slavery Dead in? (a) Travers Buxton . 853
— New Bible House at Lagas 157
— New Cathedral in Central 486
— Portuguese Prohibitions in East 426
— Preaching in Ashanti 731
— Present Problems in South (a) J. Dexter
Taylor 847
— Prophets in the Congo (b) 909
— Queen of Nalolo Converted 982
— Secret of Peace for (b) W. H. Overs 29
— Some Interesting Facts About 458
— Some Results of Missions in 442
—Tardiness at Elat Church 240
— The Bible in Zande 240
— Unreached Fields of Central (a) H. K. W.
Kumm 435
— Unrest in South 574
African Chief Becomes a Christian 486
— Communion Service 329
— Parable of Indecision 488
Agriculture and Christianity (b) 9
— School of 71
Agricultural Missions, Conference on 654
— Reform, China's Need for 151
Air Service for Palestine 806
ALASKA, Isolated Station 813
ALBANIA, Mission Work in 732
— Spells Opportunity 569
ALEPPO, Missions in 328
Alexander, Charles M. (a) Henrietta M.
Hyslop 219
ALGIERS. In 157
Alsace-Lorraine Today 411
Angola, Missionary Situation in 915
Anti-Ruts Recipes 146
Applegarth Pledge Plans 716
Arab Thinks of the Missionary, What the
(b) Paul Harrison 759
ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA, Factors in
(b) 4
Arabian Children at Home (a) Eleanor T.
Calverley 835
ARGENTINA. Motor Bible Car 569
ARMENIA be Saved? Will (b) 590
Armenian Children, Magazine for 156
Armenians, America Educating 155
Army. Chinese Christian fa) J. Goforth 841
Arnot's Missionary Adventures (a) Reviewed
bv Jean Mackenzie 355
ASIA, Educating the Women of (a) Mrs. H.
W. Peabody '. 865
A°IA. MTNOR, Re-Alignment in (a) Jno. E.
Merrill 755
ASSAM, Church Union in 491
Assyrians in Mesopotamia, Exiled (b) 747
Athens Woman's Congress 648
AUSTRIA after the War 350
— Student Work in (b) 670
Balkan Mission Conference 648
Baptist Advance, Southern 811
— International Seminary 974
— Gifts, Southern 568
— Missions, American 735
— Work in Europe 158
BAROTSELAND, Visit to 486
Basel Industrial Mission 889
BASUTOLAND, Work in 330
Beatitudes, Some Missionary 805
BEIRUT, American University of 72
BELGIUM, Superstition and the Gospel in .. 731 Best Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk
56, 145, 225, 311, 395, 477, 552, 633 , 711, 797, 872, 952 Bible Class in Gen. Feng's Army 726
— Demand for in Japan 724
— Evangelistic Bands, China's 725
— Faith Mission 727
— Finds a Convert 574
— in Public Schools, The (b) 666
— Reading Suggestions, Two 147
— Selling Campaign, India 242
— Society Agency, New 332
— Society of the Open 734
— Society, New Headquarters for 494
— Statistics, Some 249
— Teachers' Training School, New York (a)
R. M. Kurtz 303
— Women, Scarcity of 156
Birthdays that Count 145
Boat Dwellers, Children of 75
Bohemia, Religious Schism in 648
BORNEO, Devil Worshipers in 983
Boy Scouts in Fukien 726
BRAZIL, Publicity, a Suggestion 161
— Closes Lotteries 496
— Neglected but Faithful 733
— Neglected Fields in (a) H. C. Tucker 443
— Notable Conversion in 235
— Pioneer Work in 814
— Sunday-School in 235, 976
Sunday-School Convention, Tokyo (a) Frank
L. Brown 53
— The Challenge of 160
British Students and the World (a) K. S.
Latourette 299
Brotherhood, Promoting International 69
Brown University in Shanghai 980
Budapest, Christian Endeavor in 570
Buddhism Urged, Teaching of 154
Buddhist Adaptations, Modern 721
— Institutional Work 652
— Monks, Work for 74
— Salvation Army 327
Buddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth ... 250
— in Hawaii, Work for 566
Buenos Aires Mission 71
BURMA Awakened (a) Raymond P. Currier . 271
— Bishop Fisher in 324
— Conventions Without Police 572
— Needs of 491
— N^ws from 243
—Soil Culture and Soul Culture in (a) B. C.
Case 619
Puttered Oml in India. A (b) A. M. Boggs ... Tfifi
Caddies, The Neglected 332
Cairo, American University 240
V
— Students' Union in 80G
— University and the Sultan 488
Cairo's Outcast Waifs 156
Calcutta, Conference in 807
— University of 323
California Oil Fields, Preaching in 161
Call for Men in 1921 (b) R. P. Wilder 398
CAMBODIA — A Neglected Land (a) Robert
A. Jaffray 123
CANADA, Gospel by Caravan 238
Canadian School of Missions 887
Canal Zone, A Saving Force on 159
Canton, Gambling Abolished in 326
— Hospital Anniversary 414
CAROLINES, Japanese Mission to 78
Catholic Activity in Congo 889
Catholics Become Mohammedans 155
CENTRAL AMERICA, Three in One in 975
Centenary Response in Japan 415
Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy 69
Charts and Posters, Mission of 957
Chart, Make a, B. L. Mehlhouse 960
Chicago Plan for Bible Schools 811
CHILE, Christian Conference in 656
— Reforms in 733
— Stewardship in 496
— Testimony of President of 410
— Tithing in 160
CHINA, Aborigines in 493
— Against Early Marriage 326
— Bible Dictionary Fire 726
— Boy Scouts in Fukien 726
— Canton Hospital Anniversary 411
— Christ the Hope of 243
— Christian Cooperation in 912
— Christian High School in Changsha 74
— Christian Literature Society 245
— Compulsory Education 492
— Developing Character in (b) A. L. Warn-
shuis 37
— Earthquake and Missions in (a) S. J.
Garland 471
— Experiment Station for Hainan 652
— Famine Crisis Passed 652
— Fighting Gambling Dens in Canton (b) ... 347
— From Prisoner to Pastor 152
— Governor of Shansi 325
— Growing Radicalism in 891
— Militarists Oppose Sun Yat Sen 809
— Mission Growth at Shuntefu 244
— Modern Movements in (b) 751
— New Intellectual Movement in (a) A. L.
Warnshuis 783
— Pagan Panic 244
— Popular Idolatry in (a) Chas. E. Scott ... 116
— Saving Life with Dollars (b) 348
— School for Deacons and Elders 41 1
— Significant Changes in (b) 2
— Spiritual Results from Famine 80S
— Student Movement in 573
— The Opium Curse 73
— Wasted Life Redeemed 245
— What I Saw of Famine in (a) W. R. Lam-
buth 204
— Work for Women in Wenchow 216
China's Bible Evangelistic Bands 725
— First Woman Preacher 594
— Newest Thing in A B C's 558
Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions 414
— Bible Magazine in 573
— Christian Army, A (a) J. Goforth 841
— Girl's Dream, A (b) 639
— Haystack Band 492
— in the Famine, Christian (b) 474
— in Peking, Helping 891
— Increased Liberality Among 808
— Priest Saved Through a Dream 463
— Students, Recruiting 91
Chuhras of India, Evangelizing the 5
Church at Home, Writing to the (b) 223
— Facing its Task (b) 405
— Membership Gains in America (b) 350
— Union in India 979
Churches and Relief 417
Christian Endeavor Convention (b) 586
— Endeavor World Convention 236
— Intervention in Latin America (b) G. B.
Winton 41
Christianity's Impression on Japan (a) D. B.
Schneder 675
Christmas Decoration Suggestions 878
— in Pictures, Mrs. E. C. Cronk 874
— Missionary Meaning and Message of, Mrs.
E. C. Cronk 872
— Tree for All Nations, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ... 872
Cities, Investigating the (b) 667
Clifton Springs, Christ's Program at (a)
Henrietta M. Hyslop 693
Community Service in Shanghai 74
— What Every Church Should Know About
Its (b) 564
— Work for Women (b) Rolvix Harlan 64
Congo, Concerted Action in the 730
— Mission, Disciples' 76
— Training Teachers in the 76
Conferences, Missionary Methods from Sum- mer 711
Conscience and Reforms in India (b) 748
Consecrated Gifts 637
Conventions, Successful 56
Coolies to Missionaries, Introducing 151
Cooperation, Achievements of Missionary (b) R. E. Speer 396
— in Counties, Church (b) 509
Coptic Sunday-Schools 329
— Sunday-Schools 650
Court Trials and Religion 494
Criminal Tribes of India 413
Crisis in Education in South Africa (b) 593
Cronk 957
CUBA, Progress in 813
"Cup of Tea" in the Missionary Program,
Mrs. E. C. Cronk 311
Czecho-Slovak National Church 411
Czecho-Slovakia, Religious Awakening in (b) 425
— Protestantism in 977
Czechs in America, Need of (b) 514
Daily Appears, A Christian 160
DEATHS—
— Baker, William of Ireland 250
— Christie, Rev. Thosr, of Tarsus 736
— Clark, Albert W., of Prague 815
— Cochran, James, of China 893
— Farrar, James M., of Brooklyn 736
— Halsey, A. W., of New York 417
— Harris, Bishop M. C, of Japan 498
— Hykes, J. R., of China 656
— Jessup, William, of Syria 335
— Jewett, Milo A., of Turkey 736
— Lambuth, Bishop, of Japan 893
— Macalister, Dr. George, of India 162
— Maxwell, James L., of London 498
— McLaughlin, W. P., of Buenos Aires 417
— McLean, A., of Cincinnati 335
— Moses, Jasper T., of Mexico 656
— Nassau, Robt. Hamill, of West Africa 576
— Peet, Mrs. W. W., of Turkey 78
— Stearns, D. M., of Germuntown 78
— Stevens, E. S., of Japan 815
— Swift, Judson, of New York 815
— Thompson, R. W., of Bulgaria 893
— Williams, of China, Dr. Mark 162
Denominational Forward Movements (a) 506
Developments in Missionary Education, T. H.
P. Sailer 882
Disciples, Open Membership and 68
Divorce, To Regulate Marriage and 248
Drink Bill, British 647
Dutch Churches, Missionary Work of (b)
Henry Beets 393
— Missions, Progress in (b) 671
Earthquake and Missions in Kansu (a) S. T.
Garland 471
Eddy Meetings, At the 250
— Meetings in Near East (b) 6
Editorial and Business Chat.. 343 , 421, 581, 740 , 896 Educating the Women of Asia (a) Mrs. H.
W. Peabody 865
Education, Conference on Christian 720
— of Japanese Women (a) A. K. Reischauer 199
Educational Commission to China 652
EGYPT, Continued Trouble in 649
— Purity Campaign in 488
— Purity Movement 328
— Scarcity of Bible Women 156
— The New Woman of (b) 432
— Unrest in 834
Egypt's Problem, Solution of (b) 749
Emergency, Way Out of the Present (a) J.
H. Franklin 707
Emigrants. Japanese Women 74
ENGLAND, Christian Campaign in 158
VI
— Religious Conditions in (b) 267
Essential in Missions, The Great (a) Dwight
Goddard 932
"Eternal Salvation" Society 652
EUROPE, Baptist Work in 158
Evangelism in Korea, Education and 92
Famine in China, Extent of 151
— in China, The (a) W. R. Lanibuth 204
— in North China 11
— Sufferers, Why Help 181
Far East, After War in (b) 1
Federal Council of Churches (b) 10
Feng, Bible Classes for General 726
— Gov. Yen and Gen. (b) 845
FIJI — A Notable Mission 566
Filipino Fisher for Souls, A (b) James A.
Graham 606
Finnish Mission Society 239
Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D. S.
Oyler 441
Foreign Language Literature 885
— Missionaries in Germany, Plight of (b)
George Drach 391
Foreigners in Their Own Tongues, Speaking
to (a) Amy Blanche Greene 856
Forward Movement in Korea (a) W. N. Blair 528 France, Gospel Distribution in 158
— Religious Interest Growing in 888
Gambling Dens in Canton, Fighting (b) .... 347 Gandhi and His Next Life 727
— Movement in India (b) 261
— on Christianization of India 807
Gideons Plan Large Work 654
Godless Socialism and the Children (b) 592
Governor of Bombay, Testimony of 490
GREECE, The Bible in 159
Greek Protestantism 647
GUATEMALA, Anti-Alcoholic League 569
— Rebuilding in 569
GUINEA, Living Epistles in New 565
Hallelujah, The Hakim Sahib Has Come (b)
Harry P. Packard 644
Halsey, Abram Woodruff (a) Robert E. Speer 515
Harnessing Youth for World Service (b) 586
Hawaii, Work for Buddhists in 566
Hawaiian Figures, Some 566
Healing in Korea, Christian 246
Highlander and His Homeland, The Southern
(a) Rodney W. Round y 945
Himalayan Mission Jubilee 73
Hindu Missionary Idea 323
— Missionary in California 409
— Temples, Fate of 242
—Testimony, A 728
— Women, Modern Movements Among (b) ..673 Hinduism in United States (a) Clifford M.
Drury 281
Home Missions, Conference on (b) 177
— Situation (b) Chas. L. Thompson 399
HUNGARY, Present Situation in (b) 589
ICELAND, Religious Work in (a) J. L. Nis-
bet 465
Idolatry in China, Popular (a) Charles E.
Scott 116
Immigrant — A Vital Problem, The (a) F. A.
Wallis 775
Immigration Meeting, A Successful 145
INDIA, Anti-Caste Sentiment (b) 94
— Anti-non-Cooperation 651
— Bangalore Conference 808
— Bible Faith Mission 727
— Bible Selling Campaign 242
— Buttered God in (b) A. M. Boggs 766
— Census Provokes Persecution 726
— Census Reports and Christianity 571
— Cooperative Loan Societies 728
— Criminal Tribes 413
— Educating the Village People of (a) H. P.
Beach 543
— Evangelizing Chuhras of 5
— Famine Conditions 323
— Gandhi Movement in (b) 261
— Hindu-Moslem Fraternity 807
— Lace Makers of 728
— Maharajah's Gift 651
— Mabrattas Seek Purer Religion 155
— Miral Hospital 243
— Mr. Gandhi and His Next Life 727
— New Birth Illustrated 324
— New Organization for Women 413
— Political and Religious Problems in 512
— Religious Mendicants 571
— Singing the Gospel in 351
— Systematic Evangelism 242
— Work of Famine Waif 154
— Wanted Children of (a) Amy W. Car-
michael 929
Indian Affairs, New Commissioner of 495
— Missions, Episcopal 70
— Nationalism and Missions (a) D. J. Flem-
ing 127
— Program, An 568
— Volstead Law 727
Indians — A Week at Sherman Institute (a)
Edith Menzer 536
— Educating the 812
— in California, Neglected (b) 428
— New Mission to American 333
— North American, R. W. Roundy 402
— Seek Citizenship 70
— Tepee Christian Mission 654
— Work Among Crow 734
Indian's Advice to Indian Christians (b) 429
INDIA'S Unrest, Cure for (b) W. L. Fergu- son 34
— Unrest, Indian Christians on (b) 180
Industrial Experiment in Brooklyn 567
— School, Elat, Africa 330
Intellectual Movement in China, The (a) A.
L. Warnshuis 783
Interchurch Movement Disbands (b) 427
Interdenominational Institutions on Foreign
Field, Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer 141
International Friendship Promoted 567
— Missionary Committee (b) 175
— Missionary Council at Mohonk (b) 827
— Missionary Union, Annual Meeting of (a)
Henrietta M. Hyslop 695
— Relations, Christian Principles in (a) W.
H. P. Faunce 25
Investigating the Cities (b) 667
Investments that Pay, Making (b) 96
Islam in Nigeria 889
ITALY, Carrying Texts Through 731
— Methodism in 331
— Religious Trend in 647
Jaffna Going Dry 491
JAPAN, Baron Suggests Golden Rule 810
— Better Health for Woman 725
— Bible Finds a Convert 574
— Christianity's Impression on (a) D. B.
Schneder 675
— Construction Work in Miyazaki 573
— Demand for the Bible 724
— Episcopal Growth In 981
— First Census Completed 415
— Interpreting Christianity to (b) 39
— Loving Neighbor Institute 152
— Missions and Peace in (b) 3
— Opposition Overcome 416
— Present Situation in (a) Paul M. Kanamori 6S2
— Regards U. S., How ■ 891
— Re-visited 809
— Sacrificial Prayer 725
— Shifting Thoughts in (a) R. E. Speer.... 917
— The Monkey Temple 153
Japanese Be Christians, Can (a) George
Gleason, I, II 374, 459
— Chinese Debate 335
— in California 333
— Institute in Chicago 237
— Problem in California (a) Paul B. Water-
house 382
— Tribute to Missions 493
— Women and Temperance 573
— Woman Emigrants 74
— Women, Education of (a) A. K. Reisch-
auer 199
Japan's "Garden of Children" 327
— New Religion 153
JERUSALEM, British Girls' High School ... 489
— Missionary Conference in 649
— Negroes 237
— Population of the World 249
— Restoration Movement 241
Jewish Evangelization in Chicago 237
— Immigrants in Palestine 978
Jews Among World Nations 971
Jews Drift from Faith 568
— Arabs and Christians in Palestine (b) 907
— in New Palestine, The (b) 672
—in Paris, Work for 496
vn
D.
— Missions to
Jubilee of Woman's Baptist Society
Kamerun Mission
— Unrest in the
Kennedy School of Missions
Khartum, Boys' Home
Khorasan Robbers, Adventure with (a)
M. Donaldson
Kobe, Auditorium for
KOREA, Causes of Revival in (b)
— Atheism in Schools
— Christian Advance in
— Christian Healing in Pyengyang
— Commission on Education for
— Education and Evangelism in (b)
— Forward Movement in (a) W. N. Blair ...
— Growth of Sunday-Schools
— Persecution and Progress in
— Results of Kim Ik Tu's Revival
— Spreading the Christian Spirit in (b) O.
R. Avison
— Sunday-School Plans in
— Today, Christianity in (a) W. A. Noble ... Korean Mission Assigned Territory
— School in China
— Women, Magazine for
— Women's Educational Association
— Women, The New
Koreans Eager for Knowledge
— in Manchuria, With the (a) W. R. Foote ..
Kurds, Missions Among
LATIN AMERICA, S. G. Inman
— "Caleb and Joshua Society"
— Christian Intervention in (b) G. B. Winton
— Shadow and Light in (a) Webster E.
Browning
Laymen's Movement for Italy
— Organization, Christian
Lepers in Siam, Church for
— Russian
Lepers and the Gospel
Leprosy, Progress in Cure of
LIBERIA, Negro Bishop for (b)
Liquor Traffic, Native Races and
"Little House" of Denver
Lumber Jacks, Students Among the (a) A.
W. Anthony
Lutheran Church, Missions in the
— Council, Second National
— Quadricentenary (b)
Lutherans and Cooperation
— in India
MADAGASCAR, New Station in
Masyars, Need of the
MALAYSIA, Immigration to
— Large Plans for
MALTA, Religious Libertv in
MANCHURIA, Japanese Depredations in (b)
— With the Koreans in (a) W. R. Foote
— Makers, Ten Charges to Edith Thompson . .
— Manifesto on Church Union
Manila, For Chinese in
Mardin Mission, The
Marriage and Divorce, To Regulate
MARSHALL ISLANDS. Japanizing
McAU Mission, Opportunities for
McAll Mission, Fifty Years of
McLean, Archibald, Beloved Disciple (a)
Jno. G. McGavran
Medical Mission Brotherhood
— Research in Africa
Mennonites Migrate Again
MESOPOTAMIA, Exiled Assyrians in (b) ...
— Factors in Arabia and (b)
Methodist Gains on Foreign Field
Methodism in Italy
Methodist Missionaries, New
Methods from the Summer Conferences, Mrs.
E. C. Cronk
— in Africa. Better Missionary (b)
— of Manv Minds. Mrs. E. C. Cronk
MEXICO, Gains in
— Gospel Sunplants Pistol
— Hopeful Siams in (b)
— Madame Carranza
— Methodist Aims in
— Prohibition in
Mexican Girls, Texas School for
— in Our M*rl=t. Thp (a.) R. W. Roundy
— Problem Todav (b)
— Village Transformed
576 Mexicans, Baptist Work for
493 MICRONESIA, Family Prayers in
575 Middle Age Missionary Methods, Mrs. E. C.
731 Cronk
734 Migrant Missionary Service
156 Mikado, Worship of
Ministry, Recruiting for the
761 Miraj Hospital
724 —Hospital, Religious Work in (a) W. J.
66S Wanless, M.D
9*-77jMission Study Anniversary
346 246 493 92 528- 328 892 810
40 653 6S5 246 152
75 154 153 725 533- 570 401 410
41
385
71 567 491
72 9S0 914 588 240
595 161 236 269 332
73 983 883 154 247 239 345 533 958 979 334 571 248
78 331 977
691 654 815 333 747 4 973 331 332
711
829 145 160 495 353 733 814 569 887 361 266 887
Missionary and Other Forms of Religious Ed- ucation, Emily C. Tillotson
— Council, National
— Education in America (b)
— Interest, How to Create (a) S. S. Hough ..
— Lessons in Sand
— Personals 167, 256, 420, 4:3, 580, 660, 663,
— Substitutes
Missions and World Peace (a) W. H. P.
Faunce
— Promoting, Wm. A. Hill
— Turkish Treaty and (a) S. W. Boggs
Mohammedan Converts Association
— Mosque at Detroit (a) S. M. Zwemer
Mohonk, International Missionary Council at
(b)
Mongolian Plains, Adventures on the (a)
W. R. and Anna Stewart
Monkey Temple, The (Japan)
Mormonism, Conference on
— of Today, and How to Meet it (a) R. W.
Roundy
Mormons and Polygamy
Moros, Importance of Winning
— Missionary to
Moslem and Christian Rule Compared
— Converts, Letter of
— Mission to America (b)
— Student Perplexities
— Voters in Algeria
Mosque for Paris
Movements, Denominational Forward (a) ... Nationalism and Missions, Indian (a) D. J.
Fleming
Nations, Are There Any Christian? (b)
Naval Academy Church
Near East, Eddy Meetings in (b)
— Reducing Orphan Relief
— Relief
— The New (a) Sherwood Eddv
Negro Americans and Their Problems (a)
R. W. Roundy
Negroes, Seminary for
Nestorians, Homeless
New Era in Southern Methodist Missions (b)
R. B. Eleazer
NEW GUINEA, Fiftv Years Work in
NEW HEBRIDES. The
NEW ZEALAND, Chur. h Union in
— Holiness Convention in the
NICARAGUA, Sunday-School Methods in ....
Nicodemus' Problem, A Chinese on
NIGERIA, Islam in
— Persecution in
— Progress in
— Successes in
Nigerian Church Growth
Nuggets from Recent Addresses
NYASSALAND, New Station in
O LIT Lamb (Poem) Paul Lawrence Dunbar
Opium Curse in China
Organizations, Organizing Church (b)
Orient, Christian Literature for, Alice M
Kyle
— Women Who Are Transforming the (b) ... Oriental and the Church in America, Geo L
Cady
Orientals. Christian Work for
— on the Pacific Coast (a) Rodney W. Roundy
Orphanage, Armenian Boys'
Pacific Coast, The Orientals on the (a) Rod-
nev W. Roundv
PALESTINE. Bible Distribution in
— Christian Conference in
— Jews. Arabs and Christians in (b) ........
— The Jews in New (b)
— to Have Religious Liberty
Pan-Presbyterian Council
Peace. Missions and World (a) W. H. P
Faunce
568 497
225 975 75 733 243
277 334
881 241 832 292 635 743 334
25 883 107 889 787
829
613 153
21 495 497
78 323 570 265 890 486 647 506
127 665 654 6 729 489 101
214 887 490
468 735 162 983 161 888 122 889 981 575 157 650 192 487 454 73 633
403 475
400 68
133 72
133 411
978 907 672 729 973
25
VI II
— Missions and in Japan (b) 3
— Programs to Promote (b) 825
Peking, American Institutions Dedicated in
(b) 833
— Union Medical College (a) B. E. Read 925
— University Expanding 325
PERSIA, a Challenge to the Church (a) E. T.
Allen 13
— Adventure with Khorasan Robbers (a) D.
M. Donaldson 761
Persian Cornelius, A 806
— Women, Education for 978
— Temple in Illinois (a) Geo. Craig Stewart 792 Personals, Missionary
167, 256, 420, 423, 580, 660, 663, 743
PERU, Contrasts in 410
PHILIPPINES, A Moro Steward 735
Plans for Missionary Meetings 711
POLAND, Destitution in 888
— Gospel Work in 159
Political and Religious Problems in India ... 512
Porto Rican Schools, Bible in 70
PORTO RICO, Cooperation in (b) 430
— Crowded Conditions in 732
— Ryder Memorial Hospital 235
— Students in 975
— Union Church 910
— Y. M. C. A. in 975
—Twenty Years Progress in (a) Philo W.
Drury £07
Portugal, Changing 888
Portuguese Opposition to Missions (b) 262
Poster Makers, Materials for, Maude E.
Bradley 964
Posters, Making Missionary, B. C. Millikin . 957
— Prohibitions in East Africa 426
Prayer and the Present Crisis 89
— Effectual Fervent 732
— for Schools, Day of 811
— for Students, Day of 162
— Meeting "Extra" 416
— Program of, Mrs. E. C. Cronk 552
— Sacrificial 725
— Striking Answer to 889
Praying Through the Review (r>) 505
Presbyterian Figures, Some 811
President's Missionary Tour, The (b) 585
Press, Move to Muzzle the 352
Printed Page in Japan 152
Prisoners, Opportunities Among Russian (b) 7 Problems in South Africa, Present (a) J.
Dexter Taylor 847
Prohibition, Results from 160
Protestantism, Proclamation Against 655
Punjab, Progress in 572
"Purity Movement" in Egypt 328
Quebec, Itinerating in 734
Questionnaire, Missionary 249
Race Problem, Solving the 885
Ramabai and Her Daughter Pandita (b) C.
Butler 859
Reading Contest Plan, Practical 636
Re-Alignment In Asia Minor (a) Jno. E.
Merrill 755
Recreation and the Country Church (b) S.
E. Persons 404
Recreational Activities in the Church, L. A.
Halbert 67
Relief, American Management of 326
— for Orphans, Reducing 719
Religious Bodies in America, Present Status
of ra) Walter Laidlaw 559
— Conditions in England (b) 267
— Education, School of 409
— Freedom in Europe 814
— Work in Miraj Hospital, India (a) W. J.
Manless, M.D 277
Rescue of Three Thousand Christians (b)
Harry P. Packard 644
Revelations of City Surveys (a) Merle Higley 767
Revival in Korea, Causes of (b) 668
Riots In South India 891
Rockefeller Gifts 408
Roman Catholics, Baptists vs 250
Roscnwald Fund at Work 236
RUSSIA and the Bible 159
— Relief for 888
— Reliiion in Soviet (b) 511
— Religious Currents in (b) 74"
— Religion in 331
Russian Girls In Constantinople 814
— Prisoners, Opportunity Among (b) 7
— Prisoners, Work for 497
RUMANIA, The New 648
Rumania and Religious Minorities (b) 911
Ryder Memorial Hospital 235
Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess (a) Coe
Hayne 284
Sadhu Sundar Singh Impresses Africans 158
Sahara, A Journey in the 730
Salvation Army, Buddhist 327
Salvationists in West Africa 158
SANTO DOMINGO, Home Rule for 331
— Missionary Problem of (a) S. G. Inman .. 43
— Protestant Work in (b) 182
Scandinavian Church Conference 563
School for Missionaries, A (a) R. M. Kurtz 303
— of Rabindranath Tagore (a) D. J. Flem-
ing 548
Schools, Bible in Public (b) 666
— of Missions 407
— of Missions, Mrs. Luke Johnson 722
Scotland, Temperance Vote in 496
Scottish Y. W. C. A., Independence for 238
Stouts in Cairo, Girl 650
Senegal Mohammedans 650
Serbian Church Reorganized 649
Shadow and Light in Latin America (a)
Webster E. Browning 385
Sherman Institute, A Week at (a) Edith
Menzer 536
Shinto Sect in Disfavor 892
— Shifting Thoughts of (a) Robert E. Speer . 917 SIAM, Church for Lepers in 491
— Future Queen of 324
— Tai Race of (a) J. A. Eakin 368
— Testimony of U. S. Minister to, Geo. W.
P. Hunt 564
Singing the Gospel in India 354
Slavery Dead in Africa, Is? (a) Travers Bux- ton 853
Sleeping Sickness, New Treatment for 815
Smyrna, Student Christian Conference at (b) 513 Socialism and the Children, Godless (b) ... 592 Soil Culture and Soul Culture in Burma (a)
B. C. Case 619
SOLOMON ISLANDS, Akalo Worship 658
SOUTH AMERICA, New Bible Society Agency 332
— South American 976
Southern Highlander and His Homeland (a)
Rodnev W. Roundy 945
SPAIN'S Protestant Colony 77
Spanish Christian General 330
Speech, When You Make a Missionary (Sym- posium) 395
"Star of Hope" in Paterson (b) Peter Stam,
Jr 449
Stearns, The Missionary of D. M. (a) Stella
C. Dunkelberger 139
Stewardship, Steps in 632
Stone, Letter from Dr Mary 319
Student Christian Conference at Smyrna (b) 513
— Federation, Christian 68
— - Movement in China 573
— Work in Austria (b) 670
Students Among the Lumber Jacks (a) A.
W. Anthony 595
— and the World, British (a) K. S. Latour-
ette 299
..Recruiting Chinese 91
Students' Union in Cairo 806
Studv Books, Interesting 719
SUDAN, Conditions in the 730
— Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D.
S. Oyler 441
— United Mission 575
Suicides in Japan, Signboard for (a) 308
SUMATRA, A Cannibal's Grandson 565
Summer School of Foreign Missions (b) 803
Sunday Observance in Japan 327
— Missionary Interest in the (b) 753
— Statistics 498
Sunday Schools, Coptic 329
— in Near East 412
— on Foreign Field 576
Sun Yat-sen, Militarists Oppose 809
— Sunday-school Convention in 978
Surveys, Social and Religious 408
— Some Revelations of City (a) Merle Hig-
lev 767
SYRIA, Two Missionary Educators in (a) .. 193 Syrian Evangelists for Moslems 240
IX
— Missionary's Experience (b) George T.
Scott 464
— Orphanage, Save a 155
Tagore, School of Rabindranath (a) D. J.
Fleming 543
TAHITI, News from 497
Tai Race of Siam, The (a) J. A. Eakin 368
Tax Laws, Missionaries and 68
Telugu Woman's Society 979
Temperance in Siam 413
— Indian Volstead Law 727
— Vote in Scotland 496
Ten Commandments Unknown 566
Tennessee's Educational Need 333
Thank-Offering Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk . 797
Thank-Offerings, Little Stories of Great 799
Thanksgiving Suggestions 798
THESSALONICA, Agricultural Institute in . 732
Threshold, At the 556
TIBET, Recent Tour in, Sadhu Sundar Singh
(a) 862
Tibetan Day School 809
-News 572
Tibetans, Baptism of 434,
— Pioneering Among the (a) A. L. Shelton .. 607 Tokyo Convention, Aftermath of the (b) .... 99
Tract Society, Chicago 409
Transvaal Mission 77
Truth and Half Truths (b) 268
TURKESTAN, Sarts of 490
Turkish Orthodox Church 729
— Treaty and Missions (a) S. W. Boggs 107
TURKEY, A Liberating Force in (a) Jas. L.
Barton 31
— Kaiser's Estate for Mission 241
— Transfer of Mardin Mission 72
Ukraine Terror, The 649
Uyemura, Japanese Christian Leader (a) S.
H. Wainright 523
Vatican and Y. M. C. A 248
— Scotland Protests Envoy to 238
VENEZUELA, A Neglected Neighbor (a) W.
E. Browning 937
Village People of India, Educating the (a)
H. P. Beach 543
VIRGIN ISLANDS 247
Waldensian Schools 647
War, Christians Appeal Against 567
Wanted Children of India, The (a) Amy W.
Carmichael 929
— in Far East, After the (b) 1
World Situation, The Present (b) D. L.
Pierson 395
W. Peabody 141, 319, 482, 639, 803 , 963
Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E.
Quintan 64, 231, 404, 559, 719 , 881
Women, Better Health for Japanese 725
Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin 967
— United Conferences of 180
Wyburn, John H. (a) Ernest D. Pierson 451
YAP, Island of 565
Yen, and Gen. Feng, Gov. (b) 845
Y. M. C. A. in Turkey 489
— Vatican and 248
YUCATAN, Religious Instruction in 331
Y. W. C. A., Independence for Scottish 238
— Leaving the British 71
Zionist Leaders Disagree 736
Zulus, Industrial Mission for 77
NEW BOOKS
American Bible Society, The Report 579
America's Stake in the Far East. Chas. H.
Fahs 579
Approaches Toward Church Unity. Smyth
and Walker 339
Arabian Prophet, The. Translated from Chi- nese 817
Army and Religion 79
Call to Unity, The. Wm. T. Manning 578
Case of Korea, The. Henry Chung 738
Castaway in Kavirondo, A. A. M. Elverson . 739 Character Building in Kashmir. C. E. Tyn-
dale-Biscoe 164
Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and
Formosa 984
Christian Unity 577
Christianity the Final Religion. S. M. Zwe-
mer 337
Church and Industrial Reconstruction 253
Church and the Community. R. E. Diffendor-
fer 337
City of Rams, The. G. L. Bendelback 658
Dawn of a New Era in Syria, The. Margaret
McGilvary 163
Earnest of the Coming Age. A. B. Simpson . 579 Enlisting for Christ and the Church. H. A.
Johnston 337
Fijian Society. W. Deans 657
Finding the Way Out. R. R. Moton 252
Friday's Footprints. Margaret Applegarth .. 739 From Survey to Service. H. Paul Douglass 738
Frontier Folk. L. A. Star 657
God's Living Oracles. A. T. Pierson 578
Gotama Buddha. Kenneth J. Saunders 499
Hainan, The Island of Palms 337
History of the Japanese People. Capt. F. '
Brinkley 163
History of William Taylor Self-Supporting
Missions in South America, Goodsil F.
Arms 984
Home Mission Trails. Jay S. Stowell 336
Home Missions Council Report 499
Home with the Open Door, The. Mary
Schauffler Piatt 739
Immigration and the Future. Frances Keller 817 James Stokes— Pioneer. Edited by F. W.
Ober 577
Jesus in the Experience of Men. T. R. Glover 737
John Smith Moffat. R. U. Moffat 816
Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself 817
Lectures on Systematic Theology. Charles G.
Finney 740
Leper Problem in India, The 339
Letters of a Javanese Princess. R. A. Kar-
tini 252
Medical Missions. W. R. Lambuth 336
Message of Sadhu Sundar Singh. Canon B.
H. Streeter 737
Missionary Survey. R. Allen and T. Coch- rane 336
Mr. Friend o' Man. Jay T. Stocking 82
My Son. Cora Harris 658
Myth of Jewish Menace in World Affairs,
The. Lucien Wolf 578
Natives of Northern Territories of the Gold
Coast. A. W. Cardinall 895
Near East, Cross Roads of the World 336
Near Side of the Mexican, The Question.
Jay S. Stowell 577
Neighboring Americans. Mary Clark Barnes 500
New Jerusalem, The. G. K. Chesterton 418
Pearl's Secret. Mrs. Howard Taylor 500
Persian Pie. James H. Linton 657
Problem of Christian Unity, The. S. Parkes
Cadman and others 578
Protestant Missionary Directory for India ... 418 Quiet Talks About Life After Death. S. D.
Gordon 658
Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss 251
Rural Evangelism. James E. Wagner 500
Russia in the Shadows. H. G. Wells 499
Schools with a Message in India. D. J. Flem- ing 500
Shepherd of Aintah. Alice Shepard Riggs .. 164 Six Thousand Country Churches. C. O. Gill
and Gifford Pinchot 500
Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent.
Natalie Curtis 578
Spending of a Thank-Offering, The 339
Star in the East, A. Edw. N. Harris 419
Thirteen Upanishads. The 894
Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. S. G.
Inman 80
True Church, The. Edited by Hoste and Mc-
Elheran 577
Under Many Flags. K. S. Cronk and E. Sing- master 73g
Vision We Forget, The. P. Whitwell Wilson fi'S
Winning the Jews to Christ. Addresses 578
Working Girls nf China. E. E. Whimster ... 657
World Friendship J. Lovell Murray 738
Yarns of the Near East. Basil Mathews 500
341
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Illllillllllllllllllllilllllll Illllllllllllllllll Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli
A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Four Days by the Sea — With the China Inland Mission From Tuesday, May 3rd, through Friday, May 6th, 1921
In the First Presbyterian Church, Pennsylvania Avenue and Pacific Avenue
SOME OF THE SPEAKERS
Principal J. McNicol, Toronto Dr. Wm. J. Erdman, Germantown
Prof. Charles R. Erlman, Princeton Mr. Charles G. Trumbull, Philadelphia
Rev. Henry W. Frost, Princeton Mr. Roger B. Whittlesey, of China
Mrs. A. L. Shapleigh, of China Miss M. E. Soltau, of China
For further particulars as to rooms and board Write to Mr. F. H. Neale, 6506 Ventnor Avenue, Ventnor, N. J.
Please mention The Missionary Review of the World in writing to advertiser*.
342
THE MISSIONARY
Review of the World
DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor
CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1921
Page
FRONTISPIECE Members of the Ancient Tai Race of Siam
EDITORIAL COMMENT 345
Depredations in Manchuria Austria after the War
Christian Advance in Korea Church Membership Gains in America
Fighting Gambling Dens in Canton A Move to Muzzle the Press
Saving Life with Dollars in China Hopeful Signs in Mexico
Singing the Gospel in India
F. S. ARNOT'S MISSIONARY ADVENTURES Jean Ksnyon Mackenzie 355
A fascinating review of the recent "Life and Explorations of F. S. Arnot," pioneer missionary in Equatorial Africa.
THE MEXICAN IN OUR MIDST Rodney W. Roundy 361
An illustrated account of the conditions surrounding the Mexican settlers in our southu'cstem states, their needs and the religious work done for them.
THE TAI RACE OF SIAM .E. J. Eakin
The story of an ancient race of Indo-China that has defied assimilation with other races, their beliefs, odd customs and missionary zvork among them. Illustrated.
TWICE BORN MEN AND WOMEN IN JAPAN George Gleason 374
The life stories of some remarkable Japanese Christians, and their work.
THE JAPANESE PROBLEM IN CALIFORNIA Paul B. Waterhouse 382
An account of some of the forces working for and against the true solution of this Oriental problem.
SHADOW AND LIGHT IN LATIN AMERICA Webster E. Browning 385
Important events of the past year in central South America, showing the signs of progress, and the forces operating against Christia7iity.
THE PLIGHT OF FOREIGN MISSIONARIES IN GERMANY George Drach 391
MISSIONARY WORK OF THE DUTCH CHURCHES Henry Beets 393
WHEN YOU MAKE A MISSIONARY SPEECH . . .Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk 395
WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ....Edited by Florence E. Quinlan 404
NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 408
THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 418
Editorial and Business Chat Missionary Personals New Books
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Copyrighted, 1921
343
EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT
The Summer Conferences and Schools of Missions offer many opportunities. A list of those conducted under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions will be found in this number of the "Review." The dates and places of other Conferences will be published in our next number. Would you like to go and have your expenses paid, in whole or in part? If so, write to The Missionary Review of the World, Circulation Department, for information.
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THE MISSIONARY
» MAY, 1921 nfiveer
JAPANESE DEPREDATIONS IN MANCHURIA
HUNDREDS of thousands of Koreans have crossed over the border into Manchuria during the past ten years to escape the rigors of Japanese rule. They have naturally sympa- thized with the Independence Movement, and have aided their com- patriots in various ways. Chinese and Russian bandits, who have been active in Manchuria during the days of unrest, have persuaded some Koreans to join with them in raids upon the Japanese across the border. Last September some of these bandits killed a Japanese consul and policeman, and, China being unable to guarantee order and safety, Japan sent armed forces into Manchuria ostensibly to clean out the bandits and punish the aggressive Koreans. The Japanese soldiers as usual used rough and brutal methods, without discriminat- ing between the guilty and the innocent. Whole villages of Koreans were burned and men were shot without mercy.
Some of the Korean villages attacked by the Japanese were places in which the Canadian Presbyterian Mission has for some years conducted a successful work. Their churches and schools were burned, and leading Christians were shot without trial merely because they lived in these villages. The Canadian missionaries have given full accounts of the ruthless and barbarous methods adopted, and have protested to the Japanese Government. In response, a Com- mission has been sent to Manchuria "to investigate" the affair, but the head of the Commission, Colonel Mezumachi, has added fuel to the flame by threatening the missionaries with Japanese government displeasure and opposition if they do not teach the Koreans sub- servience to Japanese rule. This communication has been repudi- ated by the Japanese Minister of War and the Foreign Minister, but it reveals the attitude of the Japanese military commanders to Chris- tian Koreans and missionaries.
345
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[May
The Japanese Advertiser summarizing a report of the military expedition says that the expedition to Chentao "did not punish the bandits who attacked the consulate, but it did execute several hundred Koreans residing within Chinese jurisdiction for aiding and sympa- thizing with the Independence Movement — thus violating Chinese rights. It violated the laws of humanity as well." Baron Fuji- mura, of the House of Peers, characterized the expedition as unjusti- fied and declared that "so long as such an objectionable policy is maintained a rapprochement between China and Japan is an im- possibility."
Militarism in Japan, as in every other land, in Europe, Asia or America, is out of harmony with the ideals and highest teachings of Christ, for militarism depends upon force to carry out the will of those in authority rather than upon a benevolent exercise of power for the benefit of those under authority.
CHRISTIAN ADVANCE IN KOREA
POLITICALLY, the outlook in Korea is dark from a Korean viewpoint. Japanese rule has been less oppressive but is no less irritating and unwelcome to the Koreans. Most of the imprisoned Christians have been released and are now at work. There has been a considerable exodus from Korea into Manchuria to escape from Japanese rule, and many young people have gone, in- cluding teachers in mission, day and Sunday-schools. From one church alone a group of forty-two young people emigrated to Kando, Manchuria.
Spiritually, there has been an awakening in Korea. The people have eagerly listened to the Christian message of life and liberty. Christians have undertaken to repair and enlarge their churches, and to build new ones in spite of high prices and troubled times. These enterprises represent real sacrifices on the part of Christians, even to the selling of houses and land to give the money to the Church. A Methodist reports that one man sold his house, another a field, others oxen, clothes, jewelry, etc., to obtain money for the work. The Japanese police made trouble, being suspicious that these gifts were for the Independence Movement. They could not believe that anyone would make such sacrifices for Christian faith, and imprisoned some of them, who were later released.
Many churches and groups of Christians who had become weak have been aroused and strengthened. In spite of — or perhaps be- cause of arrests and other sufferings, there have been revivals of religion in many places. When pastors were imprisoned, laymen took the lead and organized preaching bands who went out to do evangelistic work. In Pyeng Yang 700 new believers were enrolled in one week. Bible Classes and Conferences have drawn large num-
I'm]
EDITORIAL COMMENT
347
bers. Tithers have multiplied, so that 1,265 were enrolled in 80 churches. Fourteen young men in one conference volunteered for the ministry.
There have been many indications of new interest on the part of non-Christians. Churches have been filled to overflowing and in these and many other ways the cause of Christ has been advancing in Korea.
FIGHTING GAMBLING DENS IN CANTON
ON DECEMBER 1st last year, all the gambling dens of Canton, China, were closed by order of the new civil governor. In 1911 they had been closed by a previous order and remained closed for six years. In 1917 they were reopened on the plea that funds were needed to carry on a campaign for the constitutional government. One or two editors of papers who were courageous enough to protest, lost their lives in consequence. Those in power
AX ANTI-GAMBLING PARADE IN CANTON — CHINESE BOY SCOUTS REGULATE
THE CROWDS
were autocratic and the Cantonese had no voice in the government of their province.
Last year a revolt against the usurpers was organized and the friends of liberty and good government drove out the reactionaries. A Christian anti-gambling association was formed, with Mr. Leung, secretary of the London Missionary Society, as president. The Chronicle of the Society thus describes the campaign:
"In the spring of last year an active campaign was carried on to enlist members for the association, and to arouse public opinion on the question. All the Christian schools were enlisted in the work
348
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[May
and the boys and girls made a thorough canvass of the city. Their pluck was well rewarded, as more than 60,000 members of the asso- ciation were enrolled. A weekly paper has been prepared and widely circulated, and the whole matter has been kept before the minds of the people.
"As soon as the new governor, Ch'an Kweng Meng, was ap- pointed, it was decided to approach him and petition that the gam- bling dens be closed, and the lotteries prohibited. On November 23d, a large procession was organized. All the schools of Canton, both Christian and non-Christian, took part, and the members of the churches and the guilds, as well as the newly-formed labor asso- ciations, joined. At least 10,000 people took part in this demon- stration. They marched through the chief streets of the city, and finally came to the office of the governor. There a deputation, headed by Mr. Leung, and composed of representatives of all the different bodies taking part in the procession, waited on the gov- ernor and presented their petition. His reply was prompt and decisive. He expressed in no measured terms his abhorrence of the evil, and said that the proclamations were already prepared order- ing the closing of all these places on December 1st. The leaders left, feeling that indeed God had answered their prayer.
"On December 1st the proclamations were posted up everywhere and these sources of temptation were closed. Severe penalties are threatened on all those who disobey. The governor has succeeded to office with the provincial treasury almost empty, for this monopo- ly has paid six millions of dollars yearly for the privilege of having the management of the gambling business throughout the province. One cannot begin to tell of the ruin and misery these places have caused in all circles, and to know that they are once more shut is enough to make one want to shout for joy."
It might be in the interests of reform if the method adopted in China were introduced into America, namely, that whenever prop- erty is used for gambling, prostitution or other illegal purposes it shall be confiscated by the government and all the adjoining prop- erty likewise. This causes neighbors to be interested in law observ- ance and in good government.
SAVING LIFE WITH DOLLARS IN CHINA
FEW men and women are so self-centered that they are indif- ferent to human suffering. Many will unhesitatingly risk their own lives to save the life of another in danger of death, or injury from fire, flood or other perils.
None would be so mean as to refuse a small gift of money if they were convinced that it would save a child or woman from the pangs of hunger, much less would they refuse if their small gift would deliver from certain death.
1921]
EDITORIAL COMMENT
349
Men, women and children are dying of starvation in China.
Three cents, the price of a stamp, will feed one Chinese famine sufferer for a day.
One dollar will preserve a life for a month.
Ten dollars will save one man, woman or child from starvation until the famine is over.
Chambers of Commerce, schools, churches and other organiza- tions are active in the raising of funds in various ways.
Over 2,500,000 people are perishing. Think of the suffering of one woman or child who is starving.
MAP SHOWING EXTENT OF FAMINE IN CHINA.
In five provinces in North China, as shown in the map above, crops have utterly failed and famine reigns. Fifteen million men, women and children face starvation. Fifteen thousand are dying daily from starvation and attendant diseases. They are living on grass, leaves, tree bark and roots until death claims them. The Chinese have organized for relief but what they can do is not a drop in the bucket compared with the need. Americans must help. The ccuntry is responding. Many gifts of $1,000 or more are needed, and a multitude of smaller gifts of all amounts. We, so blessed of God, with our well-fed families will not forget the dire need of these starving millions. Immediate action is neces- sary, please do not delay. -Christian Observer."
About $3,000,000 has now been contributed in America, but this leaves 2,000,000 who must die of starvation if more is not given.
The Chinese are doing their part. The government is using railways and supplies.
The missionaries are devoting themselves to relief work. They dispense foreign money. Confucian temples are used for soup kitchens or for storage — the first time such a thing has been known.
Thousands of famine sufferers who come each day to the relief stations hoping for food, must be turned away because there is not a sufficient supply.
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[May
Eight out of ten in Neng Ching district will die unless help comes.
Over 200,000 people in Chi Chow Hsien district literally have nothing to eat. Food is available if money is furnished to purchase and transport it to the famine region.
Christians in Syria, where they know what famine means from their own experience in war time, are contributing from their poverty.
What will you do? "Say it with dollars." Send gifts to the China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York.
AUSTRIA AFTER THE WAR
THE ROMAN Catholic Church in Austria, though strong in numbers and with magnificent buildings, is weak in spiritual force. Some of the bishops and priests are making an effort to maintain Christianity, but they are contending against heavy odds. The Jews appear numerous, but large numbers of them are given over to radical atheism. Protestantism was never strong in old Austria, and since the partition of the old empire there are not more than 180,000 Protestants in the Austria of today. Of these, about half are in Vienna, of whom 65,000 are Lutheran, 15,000 Re- formed, 600 Free Church and less than a hundred Methodist. All of them are impoverished and depressed.
Great changes have been wrought during the past year in Czecho-Slovakia, within the churches as well as the nation. Whole parishes have gone out of the Catholic Church in a body and have joined a newly-formed Czecho-Slovak National Church which re- fuses allegiance to the Pope, discards the use of Latin (putting Bo- hemian in its place) and allows its priests to marry. There has never been so keen a desire to learn about evangelical Christianity, about the Bible and about Jesus Christ. The new Czecho-Slovak Republic is gradually finding itself.
CHURCH MEMBERSHIP GAINS IN AMERICA
STATISTICS do not tell all the truth, and sometimes are mis- leading. At best they are incomplete, but they are valuable to show comparative progress. Dr. H. K. Carroll has again gathered figures relating to churches in the United States and has published them in The Christian Herald. Last year the figures seemed to indicate unusual stagnation in the churches. This year they indicate encouraging growth, due perhaps to the emphasis on evan- gelism in the various denominational forward movements.
According to these latest statistics gathered through corre- spondence with the various church officials, the increase in member- ship of evangelical churches last year was 480,000, of which the Methodists report 237,000. The Roman Catholics claim an increase
1921
EDITORIAL COMMENT
351
of 151,434 members, and Baptists 129,283. The previous year the total gain for all religious bodies was only 44,000, as compared with 667,000 last year. The table of statistics is as follows :
SUMMARY OF DENOMINATIONAL GAINS AND LOSSES
Denominations
Adventists, 5 Bodies,
Assemblies of God
Baptists, 15 Bodies
Brethren (Dunkards), 3 Bodies, ..
Brethren (Plymouth), 6 Bodies, ..
Brethren (River), 3 Bodies
Buddhist Japanese Temples
Catholic Apostolic,
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 7 Bodies,
Catholics, Western, 3 Bodies,
Christadelphians
Christian American Convention, . .
Christian Union,
Church of Christ Scientist,
Church of God and Saints of Christ,
Church of God ( Winebrenner), ...
Churches of God, Gen. Assembly,
Churches of the Living God (Col- ored), 3 Bodies
Churches of New Jerusalem, 3 Bodies,
Communistic Societies, 2 Bodies, . .
Congregational Churches,
Disciples of Christ, 2 Bodies
Evangelical, 2 Bodies
Evangelical Association, 15 Bodies,
Evangelical Protes'tant (formerly German),
Evangelical Synod (formerly Ger- man)
Free Christian Zion
Friends, 4 Bodies,
Jewish Congregations
Latter-Day Saints, 2 Bodies
Lutherans, 18 Bodies
Scandinavian Evangelical, 3 Bodies,
Mennonite, 11 Bodies
Methodists, 15 Bodies
Moravians, 2 Bodies,
Nonsectarian Bible Faith Churches,
Pentecostal, 4 Bodies
Presbyterians, 10 Bodies,
Protestant Episcopal, 2 Bodies
Reformed, 4 Bodies,
Salvation Army,
Schwenkfelders
Social Brethren
Society for Ethical Culture,
Spiritualists
Theosophical Society,
Temple Society,
Unitarians
United Brethren, 2 Bodies
Universalists
Independent Congregations,
Commu-
Ministers Churches nicants
Gains in 1920
1,665 700 47,983 3,843
203 34 13
414 21,765
826 350 3,200 101 421 690
425
131
5,695 8,506 1,597 444
34
1,133 29 1,331 721 7,910 10,061 546 1,753 42,426 150 26 1,453 14,309 5,806 2,286 2,918 6 10 9
500
516 2,098 620 267
2,984 200 58,933 1,276 458 122 12 13
502 16,681 74 1,094 320 1,600 94 525 425
165
146 19 5,959 14,416 2,399 207
37
1,294 35 985 1,901 1,640 14,955 428 930 63,645 143 28 1,394 15,844 7.993 2,771 957 7 10 7
600 200 200 473 3,923 850 879
134,725 10,000 7,207,578 124,179 13,244 5,962 5,639 2,768
495,694 15,266,799 3,812 104,390 16,800
3,311 28,672 14,867
12,000
9,772 1,901 809,496 1,493,515 209,047 13,933
17,962
269,842 6,225 119,294 357,135 452,797 2,493,894 38,652 83,201 7,705,258 23,370 2,273 46,596 2,255,693 1,087,037 521,574 48,786 1,280 950 2,741 50,000 7,347 260 71,110 371,293 59,650 148,673
Min. 15
d 24 159
25
d 5^
d 19
|
Chs. |
Com. |
|
91 |
7,255 |
|
363 |
129,283 |
|
5 |
6,000 |
d 69
|
27 |
' 35 |
22,900 |
|
649 |
407 |
151,434 |
|
106 |
d 98 |
d 920 |
|
2 |
1 |
1,230 d 3,788
|
18 |
d 82 |
10,233 |
|
d 6 |
191 |
|
|
220 |
13,000 |
|
|
367 |
769 |
31,389 |
|
29 |
d 1 |
|
|
157 |
36 |
3,680 |
|
914 |
d 40 |
237,127 |
|
4 |
179 |
|
|
11 |
d 168 |
43,031 |
|
23 |
d 197 |
9,995 |
|
12 |
d 16 |
957 |
291
3,348
Grand Total in 1920, 195,926 230,585 42,140,997 2,290 d 556 667,007
Grand Total in 1919, 193,636 231,141 41,473,990 379 630 43,830
(d) Decrease, (f) Merged with Northern Presbyterian, (g) No returns gathered for 1920.
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[May
The reason for the change in the membership curve is not given, and many church bodies do not render complete reports. Prob- ably they have no system of tabulating returns. It is interesting to note that Christian Scientists make no returns as to members, but report 3,200 churches. Roman Catholics report 15,266,799 (mem- bers of families); Greek Catholics, 495,694; Jews, 357,135 (heads of families) ; and Mormons, 452,797 members. The largest Prot- estant group is the Methodist, the second is the Baptist and the third Lutheran. Some communions still show a falling off in membership. Evidently there is still need for a spiritual revival in America — one "brought down" by prayer and consecration, rather than one worked up by organized effort.
A MOVE TO MUZZLE THE PRESS
CERTAIN parties in the United States are making a concerted move to introduce into the national and state legislatures a bill, known as the Rayher Bill in the New York Assembly, which would make it a prison offense for anyone to "print, paint, carve, hew, mark, stamp or stain anything in derogation of any re- ligious denomination, sect, or order, or any race or member thereof, in whole or in part."
All will sympathize with any effort to preserve respect for any- thing sacred, and with any movement that will serve to protect from defamation, or misrepresentation, religious beliefs . and practices. But such a bill as the one proposed is extremely dangerous and far reaching, for it not only would protect against slander and defamation but would prevent the truth being told in regard to organizations that might promote unpatriotic or immoral ideas and practices under the guise of religion. It would penalize telling the truth about "Peyote Worship, ' ' or Mormonism ; it would silence any published criticism of Roman Catholic political propaganda — whether true or false. It is an assault on legitimate freedom of the press, and makes no condi- tion concerning the truth of the publication in "derogation of the religious sect."
Similar bills have been introduced into Congress, in Pennsylvania and other states. Libel is already a penal offense and should cover the case. It is right that no individual or sect should be maliciously defamed, but no effort should be made to suppress the truth. To make a charge or cartoon a misdemeanor because it is derogatory to a religious sect is to put a premium on promotion of sedition and immorality under the cloak of religion.
The fact that these bills have been introduced simultaneously seems to indicate a common source and movement. The religious press and the churches need to exercise eternal vigilance if the liber- ties enjoyed in America are to be safeguarded. No true Christian will seek to damage the reputation of others by falsehood or mis-
1921]
EDITORIAL COMMENT
353
representation, but no courageous Christian should hesitate to un- cover every evil and false belief or practice that is opposed to truth, liberty, righteousness or love.
VANGELICAL Christianity advances in Mexico. Education,
ri social welfare, political freedom, morality, uprightness and the ■* — ' spirit of altruism increase. The Mexican Government is far from perfect, but it is better than the anarchy of the past decade. The former bandit general, Francesco Villa, has announced his intention to enter the teaching profession. Evangelical Christianity is the hope of Mexico — as of other lands. Some of the signs of progress are pointed out by Alice J. McClelland of San Angel, Federal Dis- trict, Mexico, in a recent issue of The Christian Observer. She says : ' ' The indication first in importance perhaps is the attitude of the Catholic bishops. Every day or so the Mexico City papers publish another pastoral letter from some high church official warning his flock against Protestant propaganda. Some threaten excommunica- tion with its dire calamities to any who give aid and comfort to the "enemy" by renting them houses or patronizing schools, etc. One, however, stated that their opposition was to be directed against the Protestant doctrines and not against the Protestants themselves, since it is the duty of all to live in peace with the other people who make up society, regardless of their beliefs. This is a hopeful sign of toleration.
"Another encouragement came in a statement made by the bishop of Guadalajara condemning the work of an emissary to the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico for encouraging the Mexican clergy to mix in politics. This new doctrine would mean a fairer day for Mexico.
' ' The result of the recent plebiscite of the public school teachers in the federal district is of great moment for the cause of Protestantism and progress. The teachers were allowed to choose three candidates, one of whom President de la Huerta is to appoint as Director General of Primary Instruction in the District which surrounds Mexico City and corresponds to our District of Columbia. Of the seventeen can- didates Moses Saenz, one of the most intelligent and faithful Presby- terians, received over one hundred votes more than either of the other two. It remains with the President of the Republic to settle the matter.
1 1 The vote shows two very important aspects — first the strength of the Protestant element among the public school teachers; and, sec- ond, the breaking down of fanaticism and prejudice on the part of the Catholic teachers. This office has been held by a Protestant before, Andres Osuna rendering signal service therein for some two years, but he held it by appointment, not by election, and his enemies finally
HOPEFUL SIGNS IN MEXICO
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[May
secured his removal. That a Protestant could be elected to an office by the vote of his peers is a great step forward.
"The Mexican end of the Church's Progressive Program includes a "Plan of Advance," initiated by the Synod of Mexico, which is the native Presbyterian organization. A very efficient young Mexican minister is its secretary. Much stress has been laid on the deepening of the spiritual life, personal evangelism, and stewardship. ' '
NEW bhajan writer and singer has appeared in Northwest
India. He comes from the Bikanir Desert, has been a Christian
-^four years, and is highly esteemed in his community. He sings to the accompaniment of his tara, which he made himself. One of his bhajans or songs is entitled "Prepare Your Train With Care," which is paraphrased as follows in the Indian Witness:
The railroad train is likened to our body. The eyes are the windows. The engine is the heart. The station master is the voice. The telegram is ill- ness. The flag is the hands.
As the song proceeds, lessons of morality, spirituality, warning and salva- tion are taught. Just as the railroad engine has to be cleaned after a long trip, and refired before starting again, so must our hearts receive repeated wash- ings and refirings by the Holy Spirit. Sin is a heavy load, the way of salvation is long; therefore we should unload sin and carry only goods that are to our eternal advantage.
Sickness is an urgent telegram calling us to prepare to meet God. When the illness becomes serious and death is near, we have to make the fact known by waving our hands, the flag of distress. The engine, our heart, works heavily. The station master says, "If you are going to die, tell me, so that I can give you a ticket for the next world." For there are two lines of railroad, one running to heaven and one running to hell. The road running to heaven is straight, but no one can get aboard the train running on that road and carry with him the luggage of sin.
It will be too late to prepare after reaching death. There will be no Helper or Saviour. Why? Because, in life, we knowingly went on sinning, notwith- standing that we were warned.
At the junction where life ends is the door of heaven and the gate to hell. The judgment comes and everyone must show his ticket. Unless the ticket has on it the stamp and seal of Jesus Christ, made with His own blood, no one can enter heaven, but will be thrust through the gateway to hell.
India has methods of evangelism that are purely Indian. These are exemplified by the singing evangelists and the Christian Sadhus. The Christian Church in India should adapt these Eastern methods to the proclamation of the Gospel.
SINGING THE GOSPEL IN INDIA
F. S. Arnot's Missionary Adventures*
Glimpses of the Life of a Pioneer Missionary in Central Africa
MR. BAKER'S BIOGRAPHY REVIEWED BY JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE Author of "Black Sheep," "African Adventurers," etc.
H
I E IS young yet, but wait — that will be a man!" So said Liwanika, king of the Barotse, in 1883, of Monare, the Arnot of twenty-five, who was then two years in Africa with his life still in his pocket to spend, and with the world of Africa before him.
When we finish Mr. Ernest Baker's account of that life and its spending we agree thai truly — this was a man.
Frederick Arnot died in Jo- hannesburg in 1914 at fifty-five years of age. He had traveled by hammock and canoe, by the long- patience of oxen and the malice of donkeys, and by foot, twenty- nine thousand miles; a record, says Mr. Baker, never surpassed in Africa. He had, by example and appeal, been the primary in- strument in the establishment of one of the most flourishing of cen- tral Africa missions. He lived to see a force of sixty-one mis- sionaries at work in regions where he had ventured first alone. In his letters and his diary he left such a mine of observation and experience, and such a rec- ord of adventure, as is not often equaled. From these sources Mr. Baker has dug the riches of his book.
I will say at once of this book that it is first-class adventure. It is packed and closely packed with all the familiar and desirable prop- erties of adventure in pagan Africa. Here the lover of such trails, such grass country, such rivers and such forests, may sleep after hairbreadth escapes, with his feet to the customary camp fire, and lulled by the customary roar of lions. Here the lover of caravans will have his fill of caravans, — their personnel, their defections, their
FREDERICK S. ARNOT At the Age of Thirty-One This photograph was taken soon after his event- ful journey from Natal to Bihe and Benguella, and the sources of the Congo and Zambesi.
*The Life and Explorations of F. S. Arnot. By Ernest Baker. 8vo., 330 pp. $5.00 net. E. P. Dutton and Co., New York, 1921.
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endurances and their long devotions. Inventories of the contents of their loads he will have, and the heart-breaking thefts of these. He may walk sixty miles without breathing. With Arnot he may starve and almost die of thirst and literally snatch his dinner from the jaws of crocodiles. He will experience every kind of weather, the violent rains of Africa, those killing droughts, those nights of stars and moonlight that do so shine down upon the African wanderer. He will encounter every type of indigenous animal, not once but with a satisfying frequency; there cannot be, I think, another book better furnished with animals. He will meet with typical headmen — those astounding African potentates with their dignity and courtesy — their cruelty and greed, their capacity for friendship and for treachery, their wisdom and their childishness. He will approach the country of Garenganze with an accumulating knowledge of Msidi, the king of that country, and with some natural apprehension of the legend that there is in the middle of his courtyard a stake on which to place the head of his first white visitor. And he will come to know Msidi as a brother. He will refuse from Msidi the secret of a gold mine. On a Christmas day he will eat his dinner with a wild people living in caves, and on another day he will put to rout the entire popu- lation of the town of Kalolo, who have seen his footprint on the trail and who are too wise to venture to sleep in company with a man who "has feet like a zebra." At the end of one day he will be writing: "I have crossed three good-sized rivers unknown to map makers." And on another day: "I am now within the lines of the Congo Free State and am doubtless the first white man to cross its southern frontier." He will pass a year or more without a letter, and on one day he will receive forty-three. And he will have to record this very peak and crisis of Christian adventure: "My poverty is now com- plete."
For the lover of endurances, escapes and crowded hours — they are here.
For the lover of strange customs, the aspects and beliefs of primitive Africa, — these observations are here.
Arnot 's faculty for observation is good. He is sincere and a good medium, neither emphasizing the horrors with which he has daily to do, nor idealizing that emergence from degradation which is the glory of the African Christian and the solace of the African missionary. His cannibals and his converts are here to be seen — murders and baptisms are duly recorded. This is a log book. And it is a log book written vividly, with many a word that is a lantern upon a truly African scene. I know of no more vividly written scene than that on page 69, and I know of no word more pregnant with Africa than that which says: "The sound of the drums is in every chamber of my brain."
The feeling of Africa is on every page of this book — that Africa
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which was the darling adventure of the adventurous in the mid- Victorian age. Here are old names to conjure with — Khama, Mof- fat, Livingstone, and of the last there is such full and novel mention as should much commend the book to the lover of Livingstone. The never failing magnetism of heroic endurance is potent again as we read. As Livingstone's endurances drew Arnot, so have the endur- ances of Arnot drawn others, and many a modern will thrill to the name of Dan Crawford as it flashes up out of the page. It is plain to see that there is to be a file of such vagabonds upon the map of Africa until the will of God is done. It is plain, too, that the Lord is mindful of His own. Elijah did not have a monopoly on
MR. ARNOT'S CARRIERS RESTING PREPARATORY TO CROSSING A RIVER IN CENTRAL AFRICA
purveyance, nor are ravens the only purveyors. There they are — the hunters of Tinka — each with a calabash full of water on his head, when Arnot with his caravan was reduced to a half pint, and that half pint worth to him "more than half a ton of gold." But Monare's water was sure. Hear the caravan say, on that day near the Luf upa river when Arnot has had good hunting, ' ' Praise for the white man's God, who fills our bellies with pig meat." For, says Arnot: "Now that I believe in the answer to prayer I seldom fail to get the animal I aim at. ' '
In 1885, on his start from Benguella for Garenganze, his caravan having assembled and their loads having been tied, there was still one little thing that he needed, — that was a saddle. No saddle was to be had in Benguella, but there arrives a man with a letter and an
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offer of that least likely thing — a saddle. Whose saddle and from where does not appear either now or then; only to Arnot it is clear that he is " supplied with a snug seat for the journey, all ordered and found by Him Whose I am and Whom I (seek to) serve." The cobbler too, as raven, makes his contribution in Garenganze, when Arnot 's feet are on the ground. Along comes a young man with a pair of boots — the first pair ever offered him in that country; they fit; they may be had for four yards of cloth — and four yards is ex- actly the measure of the residue of Arnot 's store of calico. He thanks God for the boots — as well he may. Read on page 110 of the stolen men who were returned, and on page 78 of the dog that came back. And you — who have never starved nor died of thirst, nor weighed a pistol in your hand before the depredations of savage man, nor matched the power of God against the power of the prophets of Baal, nor written from a grass hut and a great isolation: "My pov- erty is now complete" — do not minimize the faith that asks of God bread and water and a saddle and boots, and that acknowledges those answers to prayer that are the very hand of God upon His lonely child.
There are many stories of children in this book. I think I never read another of the sort so full of the adventures of children and their little personalities. Their very accent and aspect is many times caught here, and the tragedy of heathen childhood is deeply felt and transmitted. This is the more remarkable as there is so little sym- pathetic mention of women. Livingstone's sympathetic understand- ing of the African woman deepened as his knowledge grew, but Arnot has little to say, in general, of the tragedy of African womanhood. There is the old Makololo Christian woman of that evening in his youth at Lealui; she lives on the page. The account (on page 312) of his last meeting with his old friend Mokwae is well observed in his best manner. But of Nane Kandundu, the chieftainess, who must have had her points — how little she has stirred the imagination of Arnot. For all of him, she is dead long since. The truly vivid figures are of children and of men, young and old.
And the truly vivid moments, intensely felt in his narrative, are those moments when the power of God is evident in the speech and conduct of the black people. Arnot felt to the full that emotion which is inevitable where the Word of God is apprehended by primi- tive man. How moving such initial moments are you will sense, in some degree, as you read these records of many burning hours. The reader who is an African missionar}r will find himself very near to Arnot at this point.
And at other points. For seven years Arnot led that pioneer life which is the life forecast for himself by the young man who gives himself to Africa. I think it is reasonable to suppose that the tem- perament drawn to missions in Africa is the pioneer temperament, and that this temperament has been attracted by the records of hard-
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ships endured for Christ's sake upon the trails — preferably the unknown trails — of that country. The most potent African biogra- phies are those which have dealt with lonely hardships, lonely triumphs, — yes and lonely deaths. Such records are wine to the pioneer temperament; they have drawn many a hardy spirit to Africa. And many a one of these so drawn has met upon the field with this arrest and jarring shock — that in the work of missions, for all the need of pioneers, there is an unlimited demand for that type of endurance which can withstand the monotony and tne discipline of that secondary phase of work which is behind the frontier line. And that there is need of men who will relinquish for the drudgery of station routine their darling dream of pathfinding and map mak- ing and the thrilling night by the camp fire when the people who sit in an unexplored darkness come first to the shining of the great light. For such, the story of the last twenty years of Arnot's life will have an interest as real as the stirring seven years that were pioneer. From 1890 until his death Arnot lived and worked very largely behind the lines.
There is no better publicity for an embryo mission than the let- ters and the appeals of a lonely pioneer. And the authentic fruit of such service is a change in the circumstance of the agent. Arnot returned from his first furlough with a wife and a volunteer force of twelve. He who has been so much a free lance is now the head of a mission and of a caravan of one hundred and eighty porters. With- in two hundred miles of the coast the white men are reduced to eight, and the long African war upon a mission has begun. Henceforth the climate, the fevers, the difficulties of transportation — all these in- imical forces are to find a wider mark. And the senior missionary must assume his responsibilities for the welfare of the whole. To the seasoned missionary reader of this life, Arnot's reactions must be full of interest. How early upon that ardent spirit there fell the yoke of resignation ! Because some one must devote himself to the inevitable task of transportation, he writes :
"I must conclude now that my place is quietly to stay on here and not to go inland. ' '
"They are praying me home," he says of his fellow missionaries in the course of one of his illnesses; and you feel, as he felt — be sure of this — that the (heyday of his youth and his adventure has come to a swift afternoon.
He begins to be wise in most mature ways; the word problem recurs in quite other senses than the old problems of bread and a lodging in the wilderness.
"To teach the native Christians honest trades is a great prob- lem."
"The problem is, to know what to do with the people." "And polygamy is a problem."
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Arnot died at fifty-five — curiously old. So much water had flowed under the rude bridges of his African rivers in the course of his service that he could not be as young as he was. Whenever his jour- neys took him upon the old paths of his youth he must tell us of the change. Here are the people who fled from the white man with feet like a zebra, and now the gospel is preached to them every week. Listen to his interpreter among the Barotse telling of these changes :
"This," he said, pointing to me, "is the great Monare who lived in the Barotse when you were all children. He has been away teach- ing the Lunda tribes and Congo State people, and now they can all read and write and count shillings."
Yes, my friends — there is your great Monare, and that is what he has done for you. But you who can read so glibly — look over his shoulder and see what he is writing : ' ' How interesting every hill and valley was to me twenty-two years ago and how dreary this time. My spleen threatens to fill up my abdomen and I am reduced to a slop diet."
This is your great Monare after thirty years in your service, you who fled from his zebra feet, but this is not the measure of him either. Listen to him saying, at Kalaso :
" 'Oh, the plans my poor brain works up: what a field for an entirely new start!" And at the end of another journey: "But oh, for a hundred missionaries for the country I have just passed through !"
And on a day when he spoke the truth for all his brothers— "As a ship can never overtake the ocean horizon, so the mission- ary's hands and feet can never reach as far as his eyes and heart."
"And there," says Mr. Baker, doing for us the exact service that the interpreter did for the Barotse, "there is your great Monare."
AN AFRICAN'S SERMON ON THE GREAT SUPPER
Rev. L. S. Foster, of the Baptist mission in West Africa, gives the following extract from a native sermon preached hy a native pastor in the Congoland :
"Today, where are we? Are we on the way? Jesus likened the matter to a master of a house. If people are invited to a feast and one says, 'My pot is on the fire, I must attend to that first,' another says, '1 am on my way to the beach to fetch water, I must do that first,' and an- other says, '1 must look after my garden, or the goats will destroy it' — later they come, but the door is shut. Thus it is when the opportunity is gone. God will say to us, '1 know not whence you are.' Our opportunity is now. Some who are last shall be first. So are all called to hear the truth sent of God, as if God were saying to us, 'Those who come will be saved, but for those who refuse to come there is no salvation.' How many words does it take to save a man ? We are not saved by merely hearing words. We all need to hear, but we must also receive and do."
MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES IN A Y. M. C. A. CAMP, NEW MEXICO
The Mexican in Our Midst
BY REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council
TO THE average American Mexico is a matter of geography. It is the country south of the United States with which America went to wTar in 1846 to 1848. In the peace following there was ceded to the United States the great southwestern domain. It is the state wherein Diaz and Carranza held sway, the country where Americans have great land holdings, certain wealth in oil wells, sure or insecure wealth in mines.
But there is a Mexico within the United States, a Mexico of his- tory and of people. It is the land in which the early Spanish con- querors mingled with the native Indians and settled two of the oldest towns in the United States, Santa Fe, New Mexico and Tucson, Ari- zona. The Catholic priest followed the Spanish conqueror and in his chain of old missions to the Indians of California and the South- west left some of the most significant memorials of a bygone day. It is the land of the ' ' Delight Makers ' ' and the builders of the Houses of Mirth. A great area of old Mexico is within these United States. What wonder if the skeptical Mexican does not always swallow with- out compunction the bait of Americanization.
But Mexico this side the border is a people as well as an area. A conservative estimate would place the number at a million and a half. One-tenth of old Mexico is within the boundaries of the United States. Ten per cent of the Mexican problem is north of the bor-
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der. How appropriate that Rev. Jay S. Stowell should write effec- tively of ' ' The Near Side of the Mexican Question. " It is not. lo here, and lo, there; it is at our very doors. It is bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh.
Physically there is a border between the United States and Mexico. That border is 1,833 miles long and depends on the Rio Grande River, not a very stately stream in much of its course ; posts and wire fences intermittently mark the line. Morally and spiritu- ally there is no border. The Arizona boy was right when he told his mother that he did not see any border when he was taken to the international line, and gazed expectantly in all directions. To him it was as illusive as the pot of gold at the foot of the rainbow.
During recent years there have been two continental movements of peoples in the United States. Negroes stimulated by economic and social conditions have come North. Mexicans for similar eco- nomic reasons have migrated to the United States. They have come into cities and states of the Southwest. Texas has nearly a half million Mexicans, Arizona a hundred thousand, California a very large number and New Mexico a quarter of a million. It is true that the old Spanish-speaking population in New Mexico is its chief ele- ment. The state has scores of towns practically one hundred per cent Spanish-American. Fully sixty per cent of the total population of New Mexico is of this order. The new migration has been largely elsewhere. This means the introduction of a school law allowing explanations in Spanish in the school room, which in many cases amounts to nothing less than instruction in Spanish, especially out- side the larger centers.
Southwestern cities are crowded with Spanish-speaking folks. El Paso, Texas, was the selected spot of the International Exposition in October, promoted by the business and social interests of the city, but of enough importance to attract the newly elected Mexican Presi- dent Obregon as the place most suitable for his friendly overtures to the American nation. El Paso, just across the border from Chihua- hua, where history was made in the days of the Revolution, is the greatest center through which the Mexican trek into the United States takes place. One finds the largest Mexican colony in America in San Antonio, Texas. The number is estimated at 50,000. Other border cities of Texas, Arizona and California are alive with Mexi- cans crossing back and forth, and with mingling American and Mexi- can life. Dens for gambling and immorality flourish just across the line. The Mexicans furnish the dens ; the United States quite largely supplies the patrons. It is a mutual affair.
This new immigration constitutes a national as well as a border problem. Mexicans are scattered through nearly all the states west of the Mississippi. They come farther East to Illinois and Michi- gan, even to Pennsylvania, New York and New England. They have
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come for work. They work on the railroads, on the highways and in construction projects. They herd sheep, and tend cattle; they are in the sugar beet industry, even in the irrigated lands of Mon- tana ; they raise fruit and pick cotton ; the industries of the great Im- perial Valley and the Salt Eiver Valley would be helpless without them; they cultivate and harvest crops of fruits, walnuts, beans, melons, Bermuda onions and alfalfa. Southern California could not be so rich in its output from the soil without the toil of the persever- ing Japanese and the industrious Mexican.
There are no walks of life in which work must be done where the Mexican has not entered. Even one of the leading surgeons of the Southwest is a Mexican Indian and the present state executive of Xew Mexico, Governor 0. A. Larrazola, is an American of Mexi- can descent. Though criticized for his zeal for the advocacy of teaching Spanish in the lower grades of the public schools, he is a real American. He has zealously preached an orthodox American- ism and has taught respect for and urged allegiance to the American flag. He has extolled the ideals of Christianity and the virtues of the Christian home.
The Mexican has come into the United States to stay. He will go back and forth as a migrant worker in some degree, now that internal conditions in Mexico are improving. Largely, however, he stays. He remains to increase America's wealth, as well as her problems of housing, poverty, crime, disease and attendant evils. He continues a permanent factor to test our facilities for surmount- ing the handicaps of illiteracy and for the promotion of genuine Americanization.
The newcomer is, however, at heart a Mexican. If he thinks in terms of geography he believes that the United States obtained its extensive southwestern territory, even California, in ways unap- proved by the conscience of America as she has applied her princi- ples to other nations in war time. Was it wholly a wonder that Carranza should have sympathy for Germany? Are not the fruits of our Mexican "War to be compared with the fruits of Alsace and Lorraine of the German War against France! So far as the aver- age Mexican is concerned the burden of proof is on America. It is to the everlasting credit of our democratic institutions, our educa- tional system, the greater spirit of our people that the acclimated Mexican is so favorable to us as he is. At least the United States furnishes for him a place to work, stability of organized life and a better chance for his children.
The words of Senorita Eulalia Hernandez, a Mexican teacher now in the United States, should be carefully weighed: "Most out- siders, looking at Mexico, think the upheaval and the repeated revolu- tionary outbreaks in that country have been purely political. While it is true that the surface manifestations of the unrest have been
364 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [May
THE DIXON MISSION SCHOOL FOR MEXICANS IN NEW MEXICO
largely along political lines, there have been widespread economic, financial, commercial and social changes. The revolutionary move- ments have been caused quite as much by the desire of the 12,000,000 Indians of the country for better working conditions and the oppor- tunity to live more comfortably and to have better clothes and food and educational opportunities for their children, as by any desire on their part for a change of rulers."
If Americans in general can satisfy this striving, Mexican new- comers can be Americanized. The problem cannot be met on the commercial political basis so evident in the report of the Fall Com- mittee of the United States Senate dealing with our relations to Mexico, a report consisting "approximately of 2,135,000 words and one idea. That idea is war." The spirit of armed intervention in Mexico is of the essence of non-Americanization, so far as the Mexi- can in our midst is concerned.
Christianizing the Mexicans
The Protestant Christian enterprise for the Mexican in our midst has recognized a religious background. Even before the com- ing of the Spaniards the natives of Mexico were distinctly religious, and under the Aztec rulers religious practices were highly developed The early Spanish explorers were accompanied by Catholic friars. The new lands were claimed for God as well as for the crown of Spain. The religious devotion of these adherents of the Cross in their desert journeyings, their perils among strange and often hos-
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tile tribes of Indians, their sacrifice in building gleaming white cathe- drals for the worship of Christ among the Indians are all recognized and appreciated.
But failure came through stagnation. Roman Catholicism ca- tered to natural superstition. Penitente and flagellante practices arose. The Catholic Church in Mexico failed to educate. It was aligned with an undemocratic method of government. A fundamen- tally new and different method and power must distinguish Prot- estantism if a new, elevating and transforming influence was to characterize its work.
The different method of Protestantism was Christian education. To a race of America 's handicapped, to a people in bondage to super- stition and ignorance, to folks with a straitened background and en- vironment of low ideals the Protestant Christian Church has come with a pearl of great price. In the centers like El Paso and San Antonio, Texas; Tucson, Arizona; Albuquerque, New Mexico and Gardena and Los Angeles, California, various denominations, in- cluding all the greater organizations of the Protestant faith, come with Christian schools. In the changing civilization who can esti- mate what these missionary educators have done in the formation of Christian ideals and laying the foundations of Christian faith. These schools have been the rock which wind, storm, eartnquake could not shake. They have been as the mustard seed springing into increasing branches.
These schools train boys and girls; they have social outreach.
A CONTRAST— THE DIXOX PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR MEXICANS IN NEW MEXICO
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Not only is this true of the larger boarding schools in the chief cen- ters but also of the village and plaza schools, particularly in New Mexico and Arizona. More and more is it being seen that as the Christian ministry reaches the home of the pupil as well as the pupil is it really most effective. The service of the Christian social worker is thrice blessed. It blesses the individual, the home, the community. These agencies rise to strategic impressiveness in the social values through the school influences maintained by several denominations in Albuquerque, New Mexico; El Paso, Texas and in the Plaza Com- munity Center and "Good Will" Industries of Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. Two new schools are now projected, an agricultural school in Texas and a Boy's school on the Arizona border.
Out of the Christian educational environment comes the leader- ship of the new day. Christian teachers are prepared by normal instruction for public school work ; ideals of Americanization are im- planted; mission school and community leaders are produced; the Christian ministry is recruited; the Christian atmosphere around home altars is obtained.
The Christian Protestant Church has grown slowly but steadily and surely among the Mexicans in our midst. Protestant mission- ary work was begun in 1830. Against the strong opposition of the priests, and sometimes in bitter persecution, patient effort has brought forth worthy fruit. The three hundred churches at the present time, many of them well equipped and many more on the way to better equipment, are the testimony of faithful Christian effort. There is a present membership of 12,000 and a Sunday-school mem- bership even larger. A paid staff of 250 ministers and Christian workers beyond the one hundred and fifty-seven mission school teach- ers "carry on" as representatives of the Protestant Mexican churches which are far more numerous than the workers in them and the mis- sion preaching points which are more numerous than the churches.
The call for Christian and community service among migrant Mexicans in the Southwest is very great. Shall this call be heard! It goes up to the members of our American churches all over the western states where the Mexican with his family goes for work. It summons the average church member to visit the homes and create neighborly relations with Mexicans near at hand. It bids groups of men and women in our churches to arrange for Mexican groups, mothers' meetings and so on in our regular Protestant organizations. The program invites strong seed sowing Christians, members of our churches, to enlarge the borders of their tents and include these least in their thoughts and plans in many local communities. It is the high call of God to neighborliness as the essence of the Christian gospel to groups of handicapped.
For Christianization the Mexican in our midst demands an in- terdenominational program and plan. The Permanent Interdenomi-
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national Council for Work Among Spanish-Speaking People in the Southwest furnishes that bond of union and a working center of Christian life. Already a number of projects are under way which no religious body can handle separately. An interdenominational training school for ministers and social workers, an interdenomi- national paper in the Spanish language, an increasing amount of interdenominational oversight and strategy, working rules of comity covering the whole field and enlisting the allegiance of all concerned are either actively projected or already realized. The rich fruitage of Christian cooperation is now making its fair flavor and appear- ance known in this field as in those other areas of service to Spanish- speaking folks in Porto Rico, Cuba, the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.
Rev. Samuel Guy Inman's effective words on "The Human Qual- ity in the Mexican Problem" are effectively to the point: "The United States government spent enough on guarding the border and on the Pershing expedition into Mexico, during the year of the Columbus raid, to build in every town in Mexico of more than 4,000 people a college, a community center, a hospital and a church, and to equip them magnificently. There would then be left over a sufficient sum to endow the public school system of each of these towns with $700;000. There would still remain the tidy amount of $15,000,000 for other parts of the program of education and community better- ment. ' '
What may not be done in solving the problem of the Mexican in our midst by a program of spiritual invasion and Christian conquest on a much less impressive plan of personnel and money than that ap- pearing in our political or military expedition to the border? May we not carry the Christian flag to the very homes and hearts of these handicapped sons of old Mexico at our very doors, aye, in our own American house !
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MEXICO
Greatest length 1,942 miles;" coast line 5,486 miles. Total area 767,000 square miles, about equal in size to United States east of Mississippi and South of New York state.
Mexico has 27 states, a Federal District containing the capital (Mexico City), and 3 Territories. Population, by 1910 census, 15.063,207. About 20% white, 37% Indian, 43% mixed. Foreigners numbered at over 100,000, including 20,000 Spaniards and 30.000 Americans (since the revolution this number of Americans has largely decreased).
Catholics claim over 12,000,000 of the population, though over 8.000,- 000 of the total population are Indians or low grade mixed bloods (mestizos), only nominally members of the church.
Modern improvements in many of the cities. Fine public buildings, im- posing public squares, noteworthy cathedrals and historic structures; also interesting remains of the ancient Aztec civilization.
Mission Work in Mexico now engaged in by seventeen organizations.
The Tai Race of Siam
BY REV. E. J. EAKIN, PETCHABURI, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions
OVER three thousand years before the time of Abraham, when the first Chinese came from western Asia into what is now northern China, they found there a great race that refused to be subjected to them, refused to be assimilated by them. After many a pitched battle these people retired toward the south, and now live in southern China, Cambodia and Siam. They were the ancestors of the Tai people.
The work of converting such people to Christ must be slow and painstaking, and by methods very different from those which have been successful with such races as the South Sea Islanders. On the other hand, we are not dealing here with people doomed to perish quickly before the advance of western civilization, but with a race that will be worthy of our best efforts and capable of adopting the finest things from Christian teaching and practice for their own advancement.
The first Buddhist priests or monks who came to Siam from India recognized and respected the racial spirit of the Tai people. Siamese monasteries were soon established under Siamese control. Their methods were adapted to suit the temper and institutions of the people, as is indicated by Buddhist Lent in the rainy season and Buddhist festivals in the season of leisure. Religious control was centered in the ruling monarch far more than in other Buddhist countries and as the result the controlling influence of Buddhism is strong only in southern Siam, while in the north it is nominal. Prince Nara once said "There is not one bit of Buddhism among the Lao." That is probably not so true today, but among the Tai people in southern China, Buddhism hardly exists.
The present-day influence of Buddhism is great and in no other country in the world is it so aggressive and systematic a religious force as in Siam. The priests numbered, in the last census, upwards of 180,000, or about one in twenty of the male population. Under the present king we note the repairing of temples, the improvement of neglected temple grounds, and the stricter observance of the rules of the priesthood. Under the stimulus of the royal example, there is a quickening in the external practice of religion throughout the coun- try; while the internal teachings of Buddhism have been greatly modified by the introduction of many doctrines borrowed from Christian books. When the Supreme Patriarch was asked by Dr. Speer for a definition of Nirvana, his reply was, "My understand-
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TAI CHIEF OF YAO MOUNTAINEER VILLAGE NEAR CHIENG RAI, NORTH SIAM
ing of the Buddhist doctrine of Nirvana is very much the same as the New Testament doctrine with regard to eternal life."
There is to-day an awakening to the danger to Buddhism in- volved in the Christian invasion of Siam. Buddhist priests no longer view the work of missionaries with amused tolerance. In country villages there are scores of gates which they must pass in the morning without any gift to fill the rice pot, and the pinch of scarcity is felt in many a Buddhist temple. This reaches the priest where he lives, and he would not be human, if he did not try to regain his prestige.
There is, as yet, no sign of persecution against Christians in Siam. The policy of passive resistance will not lightly be changed to violent opposition. The priest still shows himself friendly in the missionary's home, and is deeply interested in Montgomery Ward's catalogue. He welcomes the missionary to the hospitality of the temple, but underneath there is determined opposition. Every method which seems to them worth while in Christian work, they
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copy; every strong, positive doctrine of the Christian faith which seems to appeal to the people, they will incorporate in their religious teachings. Already Christian hymns are used in some Buddhist temples, with the terminology slightly changed. Already they speak of Buddha as the almighty Father who hears them when they pray. The abbot of a temple in Petchaburi said not long ago, "Buddha is not in Nirvana. Buddha is in heaven, and he will soon return to this world to finish. his work. Afterward he will go to Nirvana. ' '
The priests care little if the men become Christian as long as the women remain Buddhist. If they still hold the children, the loss is comparatively slight. Though the men become Christian and stand in with the missionaries in the hospital and the school, the women will continue to make merit at the front gate and in the temple as of yore. The mothers and grandmothers will see to it when the time comes, that sons put on the holy yellow robe.
The Roman Catholics have been engaged in mission work among these people for three hundred years. They have made the fatal mistake of underestimating the difficulty of the task, and have great- ly mistaken the temper of the people. Three times within that period their missionaries have been driven out and their work de- stroyed, root and branch, because they schemed to gain political con- trol. It was not in vain that the Siamese have called themselves the "free people."
These Catholic missionaries are at present having considerable success, but it is almost entirely among other races. A Roman Catho- lic priest said to Dr. Speer, "The Tai people are impossible. They are all going to hell." They will accept no benefits, economic, com- mercial, or religious, from people of another race, which would tend to bring them under subjection to that race. We may discern the hand of God in the present arrangement, according to which they are to be evangelized and developed in the Christian life mainly under a system of Church government which provides for control by pas- tors of their own race, and not by priests of a foreign race.
A comparative study of the Buddhist and the Roman Catholic influence convinces us that the Christian faith must be promoted as a Siamese religion, by the Siamese, and for the Siamese, by the process of natural development and spiritual growth. Now that the French government has discarded the Roman Catholic propa- ganda and has relinquished extraterritorial jurisdiction over Asi- atic subjects in Siam, the Tai race need no longer fear the progress of Roman Catholic missionary work among the peoples whom the priests are able to reach and influence.
Forty years ago, it was a common proverb among educated Siamese, that Siam was a hare between a lion and a tiger. The lion was Great Britain in Burma; the tiger was France in Cambodia.
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The lion did not want the hare, and the tiger could not take the hare while the lion was watching. So the position of the hare was safe, but not comfortable. Now that the lion and the tiger are lying down together and have agreed not to molest the smaller animals, the long ears of the hare are pointed toward the leopard of Japan. The rich, unoccupied territory of Siam must have great attractions for the Japanese, whose island home is so over-populated. Their spies have traversed the whole of Siam, and accurate maps of every part of the country are on file in the Japanese War Office. The slice of ter- ritory which France took by force in 1893, and the two small pro- vinces which the British gained by diplomacy a few years ago, were
A TAI MOUNTAINEER VILLAGE IN NORTHERN SIAM
not much loss to Siam, and there were compensations ; but the influ- ence upon the Siamese spirit is seen in present-day militarism, the purchase of a cruiser by popular subscription and especially in the remarkable development of the air service.
The unjust control of foreign customs makes it impossible for Siam to prevent the flood of vile liquors and pernicious drugs coming into the country from other lands, which threatens the ruin of the people.
Many Europeans criticize the situation here on account of the mixed character of the population. Some even go so far as to pre- dict that the Chinese will take the country. This is a very super- ficial view, which loses sight of a very important factor in the prob- lem. The Tai race possesses in high degree the Anglo-Saxon power
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of assimilation. They can assimilate all other races, and they are not assimilated at all. Even Europeans and Americans, if the children remain all the time in Siam, do not resist this process of assimila- tion; and Chinese of the second generation are hardly distinguish- able from the Siamese. On the other hand, a Siamese family in South Dakota, after forty years of expatriation, retains its racial characteristics, though the father owns half a block of buildings and is a rich man. The children of an eminent American physician in Chicago, whose wife is a Siamese, have their racial characteristics so strongly developed that their nationality would be recognized any- where.
Protestant missions in Siam have made marked advancement. The whole Bible has been given to the people in a satisfactory trans- lation, and for many years, the work of circulating the Scriptures has been given a prominent place. Churches have been established in eleven different centers of population, whose influence reaches from the southern border of Siam up into the province of Yunnan, China. Tours have been made among the people of the Tai race in Kwangtung Province, China, and in Cambodia. The churches are up-to-date in their methods and aggressive in their policy and prac- tice. Many men and women have made the supreme sacrifice for the sake of Christ. After seventy-five years of experience, a systematic plan of evangelism has been formulated, embracing the whole process, from the first pioneer preaching in a new place, up to the establishment of a church with its own pastor and session, fully equipped as a center of evangelistic effort. More than a hundred consecrated men and women have devoted their lives to the purpose of making known Christ to the people of this race. We have here not less than fifteen million people of one race, speaking one lan- guage, occupying one contiguous portion of territory, in which every home is open to the gospel, the women as accessible as the men. We may labor with confidence that our work will be permanent, for these racial characteristics and this language which have endured for thousands of years, may be counted on to meet the tests of the future.
One of our greatest obstacles is Buddhist indifference. They have been taught that indifference is the highest virtue in matters of religion. The images of Buddha in all their temples is a personal manifestation of supreme indifference. But in this age, that is no longer a tenable position. The puff of the railway engine and the thunder of the train are felt inside the temple, warning the priests that some religious teaching must be found that is more suited to the times. The echoes of the world war, reaching to the most remote hamlet, are calling to the people to arouse themselves, or racial autonomy will pass out of their possession. Christ's work for the Siamese must be done by persuasion, without the slightest hint of
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compulsion. From the beginning, it is best to make the religious ap- peal on the ground that the Lord Jesus Christ is able to work out in them and for them the accomplishment of all the best things that thej" desire, and greater good than they have ever imagined ; and that He will do so if they will only let Him have His way in their lives.
For example, you meet an old hag, so (wrinkled and ugly that she has not dared to look in the glass for years, and yet you may be sure that she, in common with every daughter of Eve, has a long- ing to be beautiful. Tell that woman that Christ is able and ready to undertake to make her more beautiful than any woman that ever lived and then watch that idea dawn on her mind. It is a fine sight. Buddhist indifference and even the narcotic effect of the betel nut, cannot stand before it. She begins to desire Christ, and thenceforth her darkened mind begins to feel after Him, if haply she may find Him, who is not far from any one of us.
The opposition of the Buddhist priests shows that we must emphasize the Christian family. This involves Christian marriage of all who have already become Christians and insisting on the prin- ciples of monogamy. Happily the royal influence makes it easier to do this under the present reign than under the late reign. With this in view, it is well to teach the doctrine of the: reunion of families after death. Almost all the Christian families here have had one or more children who have passed on to the better world, and to the parents and elder brothers and sisters the thought that these little ones are saved and glorified with Christ and waiting for them in heaven possesses a powerful influence. Coupled with this is the idea of a Heavenly Home, to which the members of the family will be gathered in, one by one, as they leave this world. The bonds of family affection are strong among the people of this race, and they find no future in the Buddhist religion.
Nothing presents so great difficulty as the observance of Sunday and abstinence from intoxicating drink. On the former point, the closing of all service in the courts and government offices is a great help. On the latter point, if the foreign diplomats can be brought to give consent, we may hope, in the not distant future, for a pro- hibition law.
Our purpose in coming to Siam as missionaries is the develop- ment of a religious life that will involve all the activities of the body and the soul; to bring all these activities under the absolute control of a personal Saviour and Lord ; to give this consummation external expression in a self-supporting, self-controlling, self-propagating national church; and then to efface ourselves, as no longer needed. Having opened the door thus widely, it will not do for us to stand in the doorway.
3
ANCIENT JAPANESE NOTICE PROHIBITING CHRISTIANITY
Can Japanese be Christians
Stories of Twice-Born Men and Women of Japan
BY GEORGE GLEASON, OSAKA, JAPAN Representative of the International Y. M. C. A. in Japan
"so long as the sun shall warm the earth let no Christian be so bold as to come to Japan ; and let alt, know that the klng op spain himself, or the chris- TIAN 's God, or the Great God of All, if he violates this
COMMAND, SHALL PAY FOR IT WITH HIS HEAD."
""^HUS read the notice boards posted from 1650 to 1873 in vil-
lages and by roadsides all over Japan. Less than a half
century later behold the change ! In 1918 the Christian Church, including Roman and Greek Catholic, enrolled 232,929, and was served by 4,516 Japanese and 1,480 foreigners. Half the church members and three-fourths of the Christian workers are Protestants.
The following stories are convincing proof of the genuineness of the faith of Japanese Christians :
The evening of February 22, 1919, at Vladivostok.
It had been a winter of international confusion. Seven nations were watching each other. Japan was nervous. The presence in Siberia of 200 American railroad engineers, 180 Red Cross workers, a score of Publicity Bureau men, 100 Y. M. C. A. secretaries and 8,000 soldiers — what could it be but camouflage for some big com- mercial deal with Russia? Americans questioned the motive of Japan's expedition of 72,000 soldiers. The British regretted that President Wilson's policy had not been different. The French were
•This article is from Mr. George Glcason's book "What Shall I Think of Japan?" — just from the press of the Macmillan Company, New York.
Hampei Nagao — A Christian Engineer
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financing the Czechs, 60,000 men without a country. Italy, on gen- eral principles, put her fingers in the pie. China was watching to see that nobody stole North Manchuria, and Russia was involved in civil war.
Out of this international chaos a gleam of order appeared. Over in Tokyo "conversations" had been carried on that resulted in a service plan, finally proposed by Japan, for the cooperative opera- tion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The responsibility was to reside in a Technical Board of eight engineers, one from each of the coun- tries that had soldiers in Siberia. John F. Stevens of Panama Canal fame was to be the chairman. From Japan came Hampei Nagao, a
COL. JOHN F. STEVEN'S OF AMERICA AN'D MR. HAMPEI XAGAO, ENGINEER OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN' RAILROAD
fearless Christian layman. On his first night in Siberia we took supper together.
"I didn't want this job," he said. "There is too much interna- tional politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Christian? Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure all of our problems can be solved."
Due not a little to the fine Christian spirit injected into that com- mittee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland Morris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: "Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous."
Mr. Nagao is one of the leading Christians of the empire. He is a great advocate of temperance and of church union. When in
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charge of the Kyushu Division of the government railroad he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 employees to sign the temperance pledge. "While living at Moji, Mr. Nagao looked over the city and found several little denominational churches struggling for their existence. He started a movement for union, organized and raised the money for the institutional building of one central church. At any convention of Christian workers which he attends there is always a warm dis- cussion of "Church Union."
He is now one of the six head directors of the government rail- ways of Japan, occupying a civil position second only to the Premier and the members of his cabinet.
Honorable Soroku Ebara — Member of Parliament
Seventy-eight years old, for the twenty years 1890-1910 a mem- ber of Parliament, elevated to a seat in the House of Peers in 1912, founder and president of the Azabu Boys' School of Tokyo, member of the Higher Educational Council, decorated in 1915 by the Em- peror for his services to education, the Honorable Soroku Ebara stands out as the great Christian Samurai of modern Japan.
His soldierly bearing, preserved these fifty years since his pre- Restoration campaigns, his combination of Bushido sternness and Christian love, his stirring anecdotes drawn from an immense store of thrilling experiences, and his keen knowledge of human nature, combine to make him a lecturer and evangelist much sought after. Were he not so devoted to his school he could spend all his time re- sponding to invitations for religious addresses. The fact that he is a layman and a publicist gives his preaching especial force.
His capacity for work and the wide audience which he reaches are illustrated by a ten days' spring schedule, which included seven baccalaureate sermons, two educational lectures, and addresses at a church and a Sunday-school convention.
Mr. Ebara is a Y. M. C. A. president, and is at the same time indefatigable in serving the temperance movement and the peace societies and in supporting the work of his own church. At a sup- per given by the Tokyo Association to celebrate his elevation to the House of Peers, he told the following anecdote, which illustrated both his humor and his democratic spirit:
"There is no denying that people pay special respect to a mem- ber of the Upper House. Members of both Houses receive first class passes (white tickets) on the railways, but when I was a plain mem- ber of the Lower House, the police and the train guards just made a grudgingly civil bow, whereas now they get down on their marrow bones. Even when I had a white ticket I was accustomed to ride with the blue ticket (second) or the red ticket (third class) common people, for I am one of them. One time I was on a train with a number of M.P.'s. They all rode in the first-class compartment,
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while I got into the third. At Shizuoka as we all got off, I noticed with just a flutter of jealousy that there were twenty policemen lined up to welcome the members of Parliament in the first-class, while I was left unnoticed. One man was shown particular attention and I said to myself, 'That's because he's a relative of so and so.' But later I learned that the police had been detailed to arrest him on a charge of taking bribes, and I reflected that it was better to ride on a red ticket and wear a white heart than ride on a white ticket and wear a red convict's uniform."
Mr. Ebara is verily one of Japan's grand old men, an imperial democrat, one of God's noblemen.
Toyohiko Kagawa — A Labor Evangelist
Travelers who wish to see where for more than a decade the Sermon on the Mount has been literally lived in Japan should visit Toyohiko Kagawa at his little settlement house in the slums of Shin- kawa, Kobe. He started life as the son of one of the founders of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha, now one of the big steamship companies of the East. Through fast living and speculation his father lost the fortune of the old and wealthy family. An older brother dissipated what was left. A rich uncle took the boy and placed him in a middle school from which he graduated sixth in his class. But the lad, eager for knowledge, sought the acquaintance of Dr. H. W. Myers, the missionary who baptized him two years before he finished school. After commencement, Kagawa announced that he was going to be a Christian minister and without delay his uncle threw him out pen- niless. A classmate who had been converted in the same English Bible class kept him for a week, and after that Dr. Myers took him to his home as his boy. At the Presbyterian College in Tokyo and later in the Methodist Seminary in Kobe, he studied until his gradu- ation in 1909. Later he spent three years in America at Princeton. Kagawa 's real touch with the poor came during an attack of tubercu- losis when he left school and went to live in the hut of a poor fisher- man. He says, "There is a tragedy of sin in every house in that seaside village." After recovering, he returned to school, and the Christmas before his graduation went to live in a horrible little room in the slums. Let Dr. Myers tell the story:
"We felt that in giving him permission to go there we were signing his death warrant, but he would take no refusal. He lived on $1.50 per month and the rest of the money given for his support and all else he got his hands on went to help the poor and suffering about him. He gave away all his clothes except what he had on his back, and to provide for somebody who was hungry he often went without a meal. "We continued to keep a change of clothing for him at our home where he could not give it away, and did our best to keep him from starving himself. Strange to say, this heroic treatment under
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the blessing of God cured his disease. He was preaching day and night, visiting and nursing the sick, studying and writing during these years, and doing the work of six ordinary men.
"He is one of the leading figures of the religious world in Japan, lie is the author of a half-dozen books on philosophical, religious and social subjects, has delivered special courses of lectures in a dozen institutions, is a leader in all the public agitation for social reform, carries on a laborers' dormitory, a free hospital and a dispensary, is editor and proprietor of "The Laborers' News," and is a constant contributor to several magazines. Besides all this he is the efficient pastor of his flock in Shinkawa and acting pastor of another church. He preaches three times a week in the slums and during last spring conducted evangelistic services in the Kobe Y. M. C. A. and in twenty churches of this section."
In the summer of 1919, at the request of the Federated Churches, Kagawa visited the coal mines of Kyushu. His report of the rough conditions where half-naked women and men were laboring for long hours in the dingy, dirty underground stirred the Christian world.
His latest achievement is the or- ganization of the Kansei Federa- tion of Labor with a membership of 5,500. This is the nearest to a real labor union of any similar organization in Japan. Mr. Ka- gawa needs at once a suitable building for this great uplifting work among the poor of Kobe.
Michiko Kawai — A New Woman
"Today I have discovered the coming woman of Japan," said Dr. Nitobe to his wife when he returned home from the girls' school at Sapporo where he had miss MicHi kawai of the Japanese met the fourteen-year-old Michi- ko. "To my mind," writes her associate Miss Macdonald, "she is not the coming woman any more, she has come." Not only as head of the Young Women's Christian Association but as speaker and writer to men is Miss Kawai making her impression on the New Japan. Excepting the late Madame Hirooka, few women could win and hold as she does the attention of Japanese men. Miss Macdonald writes of her early life :
"Kawai San is the daughter of a Shinto priest who was the for- tieth in his line, with an unbroken priesthood of 1,200 years, all at the Imperial Shrines at Ise. After the restoration in 1868 her
CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS
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father's Order was abolished and he took his family to Hokkaido, the northern island. There he engaged in business. He was a very devout man and Kawai San has told us that among her earliest rec- ollections is that of her father going out every morning to worship the great Spirit behind the Rising Sun. He taught his children to pray always facing towards Ise. When Michiko San was about cloven her father became a Christian through the influence of a cousin who had been a ne 'er-do-well, but had become a Christian evangelist. The whole Kawai family were baptized shortly afterward. The father taught them to pray turning away from Ise, to impress the difference on their childish minds. He died a little later."
The reticent little girl was sent to a mission school where Dr. Nitobe met her and took her to his home. "She was," Mrs. Ni- tobe said, "the shyest thing I had ever seen." Later she went to Bryn Mawr, having won the competitive scholarship which Miss Tsuda had founded for sending Japanese students from her Tokyo school to the American college.
Since her graduation Miss Kawai has been tireless in her work for women in Japan. Through her visits and talks at girls' schools, by the promotion of a series of women's summer conferences all over the Empire, and with her magazine, she is a national figure. Knowing that the docile Japanese woman can never become what she should without the help of men, Miss Kawai has welcomed increas- ing opportunities to tell young men how to look on women and how to prepare for their future homes.
Miss Kawai is a prominent Presbyterian, having been chosen an elder in Dr. Uemura 's church in Tokyo.
Criticism has, as a. matter of course, been aroused. Several years ago I sat by a university graduate as Miss Kawai thrilled an audience at the Tokyo Young Men's Christian Association. In the midst of her inspiring address this man remarked, "We men do not consider Miss Kawai a typical Japanese woman. She is too eccen- tric." Thank God for such eccentricity. Would there were half a hundred more !
Utako Hayashi — Social Reformer
Miss Hayashi is the able general who in 1905 as leader of the Osaka W. C. T. U. secured 10,000 comfort bags for soldiers in Man- churia, and since then has led three vigorous campaigns against the licensed social evil. The two fights of 1909 and 1912 eliminated from Osaka over 130 licensed houses involving 1,500 inmates ; and the cam- paign against the new quarter at Tobita, kept up in 1916 for more than nine weary months, was due largely to her untiring energy and buoyant faith. These three drives against prostitution have been such an education to the whole Japanese nation that within a few years we believe the licensed system will be a thing of the past.
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Miss Hayashi was born fifty-five years ago in Fukui, was gradu- ated from the Fukui Normal School and later became a teacher in the Episcopal Girls' School of Tokyo. In 1896 she became head of the Osaka Hakuaisha Orphanage which she built up through starva- tion and self-sacrifice until she was able to hand it over to another head with an equipment valued at $30,000 and accommodations for 130 boys and girls. In the early days of the orphanage she once fasted two whole days when the money failed. At another time after
a day of empty stomachs, on re- turning from a night school where she taught, she "bought" five cents worth of potatoes for her starving children, promising to pay later. The next day, unable to keep her promise, she went around by side streets to avoid the dunning shop keeper. On the third morning the longed-for post office order came from America, but it was payable at the Denbo office three miles away across the river. Weak from hunger she started on the long walk but was stopped at the river for lack of the quarter cent for the ferry ticket. The boatman yielded to her tears and she finally cashed the order and fed her children. If weeping could have moved the Osaka Gov- ernor, the Tobita Licensed Quarter would never be on the map, for I saw his desk wet with the tears of this valiant woman as she pleaded for the freeing of the "white slaves" of the city. Living by faith, Utako Hayashi is giving all she has and is for the uplift of the women of Japan.
Colonel Gunpei Yamamuro — Salvation Army Worker "When Colonel Yamamuro speaks I feel that I am listening to a man filled with the Holy Spirit," said a Japanese Y. M. C. A. secre- tary of the chief officer of the Salvation Army.
Wherever Yamamuro goes the halls are crowded. In the Osaka fights against licensed prostitution he has been chief platform speak- er and publicity writer. His style is picturesque and conclusive. In his book "Study of One Hundred Prostitutes," he has investigated and interviewed the unfortunate girls whom his associates have rescued, and from their experiences he has drawn his conclusions. In public address he drives home the principles drawn from this examination.
MISS UTAKO HAYASHI OF THE JAPANESE W. C. T. U.
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"The Common People's Gospel," another of Colonel Yamamuro's books, has caused hundreds of Japanese to become Christians. The Japanese "War Cry" is also in his care. In 1917 while on a visit to the United States, he conducted a highly successful religious cam- paign among his countrymen in many states.
On the accession of the present Emperor in 1915 Yamamuro was decorated with the Legion of Honor, a recognition of social service which has been granted to few Christians.
Kiyoshi Koizumi — Christian Merchant
Two years ago, in the cozy parlor of a Japanese suburban home, I listened to the life story of a prosperous Christian merchant. Measured in money it was an upward climb from a two dollar a month teacher to a semi-millionaire iron dealer. Measured in spir- itual values it was the rise from an obscure villager to one of the leading Christian laymen of the empire, and member of the Execu- tive Committee of the World's Sunday School Association.
Mrs. Koizumi came from a well-to-do family. But she was cast off when she married a Christian. They were eking out a bare living when a trifling incident fired a new ambition. One of the primary pupils brought a Parley's history and asked his teacher to read it with him. Ashamed at his ignorance of English Mr. Koizumi resolved to leave his country school and master the foreign language. Although twenty-four years of age, he went up to Osaka and en- rolled in the six years/ course at the Taisei School. For support the little wife remained at home and taught sewing in a school for girls. Of her monthly income of $3.50 she sent $2.00 to her husband and starved on the rest. In the midst of the struggle, her baby came.
After finishing six years' work in four, Mr. Koizumi clerked for $2.00 a month. His wife joined him and in the evenings, the Eng- lish student tended the baby while his wife sewed and thus added $2.00 a month to their meagre income. Then wages rose to $4.00 per month and later to $6.00. The wolf had been conquered.
Today he is a Christian iron merchant, the superintendent of the largest Sunday-school in West Japan, the treasurer of the local Young Men's Christian Association, and a pillar in the Congrega- tional Church. When the Osaka Association was raising money for its building Mr. Koizumi made the largest gift of any Christian in the city.
His Christianity he practices in his business. At meetings of his fellow merchants it has been the custom to carouse with wine and women. Against this evil he is throwing all the weight of his in- fluence. Among his little group of clerks he regularly divides a tenth of each half year's profits, which at one time meant for the ten young men the snug sum of $35,000.
(To be continued in June)
The Japanese Problem in California
BY PAUL B. WATERHOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO General Missionary to the Japanese along the Pacific Coast
A SINCERE and straightforward application of the fundamental principles of Christian democracy is the real solution of the Japanese question in California. The present efforts of Christian organizations in America to bring the Japanese into vital contact with Christianity are totally inadequate. This is not so much because of the lack of consecrated Christian workers or the lack of money invested, as because of the duplication of effort. When five little missions with poor equipment locate within a short distance of one another and try in an inefficient way to do the work that one strong central mission could do, it is time to revise our plans and methods. A united effort with a suit- able building with adequate equipment and a staff of competent workers would show that we really mean business.
All the money and effort put into this mission work will make little headway in winning the Japanese to Christ, if at the same time they do not come into contact with a vital Christianity manifested in the lives of the Christians whom they meet in everyday life. The Japanese in California generally feel that even the Christians are prejudiced against them, or at least are not interested enough to help them. Anti-Japanese mass meetings held in several of the churches lent color to this impression. What greater barrier can there be to the bringing of men to Christ than such un-Christian race prejudice ?
One of the arguments used in favor of voting for the Anti-Alien Land law in California was that the Japanese have brought Buddhism into Christian America. The Japanese are building a Buddhist temple costing over ten thousand dollars right in the city of Fresno. "Vote against the Jap" it was said, "if you want to stop the invasion of a heathen religion in our Christian land. ' '
It is true that most of the Japanese were nominally Buddhist before they came to America and are nominally Buddhist still. The priests who have come and set up their temples are perfectly willing to let them be merely nominal so long as they pay their dues. Often from the lips of Buddhists themselves we hear the expression "Buk- kyo wa dame desu" (Buddhism is useless).
The best way to combat Buddhism in America is not by harsh legislative measures directed against the Japanese in order to drive them back to Japan. Their stories of unjust treatment in America breed hate instead of brotherhood, and prejudice instead of under- standing. This will not advance the cause of Christ in Japan or in America. Such unfriendly treatment leads them to believe that ( 'hristianity after all does not mean much to people in America.
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READING ROOM OF A JAPANESE Y. M. C. A. IN CALIFORNIA
If we would win the Japanese we must show in our lives as individuals and as a nation, the realities of the Christian spirit and conduct. If the aliens from Japan or any other country come into contact with a living, vital Christianity, all that is false in their old beliefs will most certainly be revealed and will die out. We cannot * overcome Buddhism by legislation but by a Christianity actually put into practice.
\Vhat better way is there to win Japan for Christ — to save the Orient, yes, and the Occident too, from the growing menace of an un- christian military Japan — than to see to it that every Japanese who goes back to Japan (between five and six thousand every year) has, while in America, come into contact with a living Christianity? If every returning Japanese were a missionary for Christ, how long would it take for Japan to be evangelized? It is a great responsi- bility, a golden opportunity. Are we awake to its significance?
A young Japanese Christian, conscripted for the army in Japan was visited by his missionary friend in the barracks. One day just after the missionary had gone the officer of the day came up and asked why that foreigner came so often to see him.
"Are you sure he is not a spy?" he asked.
"Oh, no. He's not a spy, he comes to see me because he is my brother."
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"How do you make that out?" asked the officer. ''We have the same father."
"See here, young fellow, what are you talking about? Look at your hair and eyes, they are black which shows your father to be a Japanese, while that foreigner with his white face and red hair cer- tainly has a foreigner for a father."
' ' I did not mean that, ' ' returned the young Christian. ' ' The liv- ing God in Heaven is his Father and my Father and so we are brothers."
The officer went away shaking his head, mumbling to himself, "I never heard anything like that before!" And he never had. That God is our Father and we are all brothers is the teaching of Christ and is unknown in non-Christian lands.
The fact that two per cent of California's population is com- posed of law-abiding, industrious Japanese and that they own six- tenths of one per cent of the cultivated land of that state cannot be such a great menace to the remaining 98 per cent of the people. There are problems in California, the problem of the rigid restric- tion of immigration to prevent the inflow of Oriental labor ; the prob- lem developing out of the colonization of the Japanese in certain restricted areas, the problems of Americanization and Christianiza- tion, but there is absolutely no problem in the California- Japanese situation which cannot be permanently and satisfactorily solved by the application of the principles of democracy and Christianity.
TEACHING THE JAPANESE CHILDREN IN AM ERICA— THROUGH THE KINDERGARTEN
GIRLS' SCHOOL OF THE SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSION' AT PIRACICABA, BRAZIL
Shadow and Light in Latin America
BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D. Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America
THE year of 1920, in particular, has witnessed many changes in Latin America, and forces have been liberated which are bound to work even greater ones in the years to come. 1. The World War seems to have engendered a spirit of universal unrest, and there are few of the Latin republics which have not been affected to the extent of attempted changes in government, many of which have been successful. Mexico saw the death of Venustiano Carranza, who was assassinated by his officers whom he trusted even with his life, then followed the election to supreme power of his one- armed rival, General Obregon. Other pretenders to power in the same country have been killed or expelled, and the republic seems to have entered at last on an era of comparative calm.
Guatemala, by a popular and almost bloodless revolution, over- threw its Dictator-President, Doctor Manuel Estrada Cabrera, after more than twenty years of his despotic rule, and the National Con- gress has appointed another executive to his place.
Costa Rica and other Central American and West Indian repub- lics have experienced political upheavals and their Presidents have come and gone at the behest of this or that successful armed party. The United States has been compelled to intervene in Santo Domingo, Haiti and Nicaragua, in order to establish a stable form of govern-
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ment, and little Panama has felt compelled to protest against what it has considered high-handed conduct on the part of its great Protector of the North.
Venezuela, for many years under the dictatorial rule of General Juan Vicente Gomez, who styles himself ' ' President Elect, ' ' although he has never been willing to assume the office, has been the center of plots innumerable and, so strong is the feeling of the people against this despotic form of government, that it can be but a matter of time until the Dictator is compelled to abdicate.
Peru and Bolivia, by means of successful revolutions, have driven out their chosen Presidents and accepted others who are more in accord with the martial aspirations of the military leaders. Storm clouds still hover low over the Western horizon because of the resusci- tation of the ancient ' ' Question of the Pacific, ' ' and Chile, in particu- lar, is strengthening to use her navy and her army with a rapidity and thoroughness that do not speak well for the peace of South America.
2. Social agitation has also been more pronounced than ever before in all the Latin republics, and the proletariat, heretofore held in bondage of soul and body by both Church and State, and considered by capital as a mere producer of hewers of wood and drawers of water, is daring to speak out in defense of its rights and in tones that cannot be mistaken.
Unfortunately, Bolshevik leaders have not been lacking and the working man, generally illiterate and easily inflamed, has often been led to take action which has hindered, rather than helped him in his struggle for better remuneration for his toil and a consequently im- proved manner of living.
In some cases, labor organizations have become so strong that they have endeavored to impose impossible conditions on employers, with the result that capital has had to close its doors and laborers have been compelled to enter other trades or join the already numer- ous army of unemployed.
Governments are awake to the danger that may arise from the incoming of residents who belong to the undesirable type. This is shown by the greatly exaggerated demands made on all travelers to comply with stringent rules and regulations, dictated by frightened immigration authorities, in addition to the presentation of the usual viseed passport. The authorities of one country demand medical and police certificates that the holder of the passport is not over sixty years of age, has not been a beggar during the past five years, nor imprisoned for crime, nor found to be insane within that same period.
3. Unfortunately, one notes too a changed attitude toward the United States in the mind of the average Latin American citizen. When we went into the World War, with high ideals nobly and beauti- fully expressed by our idealistic President, there was not a country in
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Latin America whose people did not, in large majority, acclaim us as the saviours of humanity, the one nation which could rise above the pursuit of mere gain and the enjoyment of personal ease, and risk its all on the issue of a war waged for the cause of Democracy. The war was won and the armistice was signed. The opportunity was offered the nations of the world to sign the League of Nations which had been proposed by the President of the United States, and these fellow Americans, eager to show their trust in, and their admiration for, the Great Republic of the North, hastened to affix their signatures that now bind them as members of that League, for their good or ill. The refusal of Congress at Washington to ratify the treaty and cove- nant has thrown doubt into the minds of thinking men South of the Rio Grande and has once more made vocal our inveterate enemies, — such as Manuel Ugarte, Argentine, and Vargas Vila, Colombian, — who have not failed to take full advantage of this failure of the United States to enter the League to declare that our normal attitude is one of deception, especially in dealing with smaller and weaker nations.
Some Rays of Light
These are some of the shadows that have darkened the horizon of 1920. But there are not lacking rays of light that go far to dispel the darkness and that serve as an earnest of the coming day.
In almost every Latin American country there has been a most gratifying advance in social and civil legislation which shows the result of the impact of evangelical Christianity.
Chile, where primary instruction had never received its due share of attention from the authorities of either the Church or the State, has at last, and in spite of clerical opposition, enacted a law which makes at least this grade of instruction obligatory, and pro- vides for the necessary buildings and teachers.
The Civil Marriage Law, in the same country, although on the statutes for many years, had never been efficacious because of the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church. This law has now been declared as taking precedence over the ecclesiastical ceremony, and, to the general surprise of the public, the Archbishop has ordered his priests to obey the same.
Peru, the stronghold of conservatism, has also passed a drastic Civil Marriage and Divorce law which provides imprisonment for the priest or minister who celebrates a marriage without demanding, pre- viously, the civil certificate. This law, tenaciously opposed by the authorities of the Church, was passed by Congress with only four dissenting votes, — one of these that of a priest ; and was heralded by one Congressman as "the passing of the power of the clergy in Peru."
Uruguay, already far advanced in temperance sentiment, as in many other forms of civic legislation, has enacted laws which will make it a dry nation for the celebration of its Centenary, in 1925. A
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number of other countries are framing laws that are effectually pav- ing the way for prohibitory amendments.
Among such countries, Chile, long known as one of the most alcoholic countries of the world, due to the abundant production of superior grades of grapes, is taking the lead in this class of social reform. Porto Rico went dry even before the prohibitory amend- ment was ratified in the United States, and several of the States of Mexico have taken the same step.
The day does not now seem to be so far distant when the legal sale of alcoholic drinks will be, as in the United States, a matter of history but not of practice in the republics of Latin-America.
2. This permeation of public opinion by higher ideals of civic and social responsibilities is largely due to the quiet, persistent and per- suasive influence of Protestant missionary endeavor. Little chapels in dark and often dangerous streets, often in a back room on the second story of a tumble-down house, or in the meagerly furnished home of a humble working man, and schools that, to a trained teacher, fresh from well-equipped and fully-manned institutions, must seem wholly inadequate for the giving of any sort of efficient instruction, have, during more than a half century, been exercising a quiet and unobtrusive influence that is but to-day bearing fruit. The rolls of this or that particular sect have not been perceptibly lengthened, and Board Secretaries and missionaries have often questioned the wisdom of a further expenditure of life and money on such unpromising insti- tutions. Yet, during all these years, chapels and schools have been serving as centers of light and have shone all the brighter because of the deep darkness round about. Their awakening rays have pene- trated to the very heart of national life and consciousness, and some of the work done in those from which less was expected has given the most far-reaching results.
A Bible handed to an army officer on one of the coast boats by a traveling missionary, became the fount of inspiration by which that officer, afterward President of his country, was able to abrogate the Concordat with Rome which had practically enslaved his people, and to secure freedom of worship and of the press, together with a Con- stitution that ranks among the great pieces of constructive states- manship of the past century.
The Protestant mission teachers in their humble schools have been quietly introducing new methods that have been a source of in- spiration to entire nations and have started governments on the way to legislation whose far-reaching effects can not yet be estimated.
The social problem, temperance, the care of lepers, child labor, a fuller life for women, the uplift of the native races, the labor problem, and other similar questions have all felt, perhaps unconsciously, the influence of the too often unappreciated evangelical missionary work. Schools and chapels, seemingly insignificant, have nevertheless been
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as springs that dot the greensward, the sources of tiny rills that gather volume as they go and which, finally uniting, form the mighty river that shall make glad the City of God.
3. Evangelical missionary work is now highly appreciated by those in authority who have studied its effect on the life of their peoples. President Carranza gave many prominent and responsible positions to evangelical clergymen because he found them better pre- pared than the average Mexican and more trustworthy.
The Ex-President of Guatemala declared to a delegation repre- senting the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions :
A PRESBYTERIAN SCHOOL. CHURCH AND TWO MISSIONARY RESIDENCES IN MEDELLIN. COLOMBIA
"Although the earthquake has destroyed the material evidences of the work of your mission, its moral and spiritual results can never be obliterated from the life of my people."
He gave a public banquet to some twenty-five Protestant mission- aries who were in the city attending a conference on Christian work. He himself did not attend, but his cabinet members were present, as also the Governor of the Province and the municipal authorities. An editorial in the daily paper under the control of the Guatemalan gov- ernment, made this declaration.
"Fully cognisant of the intensely cultural work that is being done by the evangelical missions the icorld over, the government of Guate- mala ivoidd gladly see Protestant work developed on a large scale in
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the country, inasmuch as that which lias been done in the past lias been of great benefit to our people."
The newly-elected President of Ecuador has recently said to a representative of the mission boards that operate in Latin- America :
"Count on me, officially and privately, for any help that I can give you or those whom you represent in carrying out any programme that looks to the uplift and ennobling of the people of my country."
The recently-deceased President of Paraguay, in a conversation with this same traveling secretary, made this promise :
"If an evangelical mission will undertake to establish a good Industrial School in Paraguay, you may come and choose the land you wish from the public domain and I will see that it is given you."
The Prime Minister of the same country, referring to the estab- lishing of evangelical schools in Paraguay, said:
' ' We know that you are not of the dominant Church. That is why we have confidence in you. That is why we want you to establish these schools."
The chairman of a commission named by the government of Peru to study the possibility of establishing industrial schools among the Indians of that country, called in an evangelical school man for consultation and said:
"If some one of the evangelical boards will come to Peru and show that it can do this work, you may count on the moral and finan- cial support of the government."
A Roman Catholic President of that same country refused to order funds to be given for the construction of a road in a certain dis- trict, "unless the evangelical missionary living there acts as treas- urer!"
The President of Chile in an interview with some of the Chilean evangelical clergymen who had called to present him with a copy of the Bible, authorized the following statement:
"I am a Christian. I believe in the doctrines of Christ. But I drink from the pure fountain, not from the turbid waters of a swamp. I accept the real doctrines of the Bible, but reject the additions that have been made to it by the Church of Rome.
"The Book which you have given me shall not be separated from my side, and it shall be my guide and I shall know how to appreciate its real value."
The shadows have not all been dissipated, but the dawning of a new day in Latin America is appreciably nearer. The coming light has already gilded the mountain tops and the shadows in the valleys are being perceptibly shortened. "Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? The morning cometh!"
Plight of Foreign Missionaries in Germany
BY REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, United Lutheran Church in America
IN APRIL, 1920, Protestant foreign missionaries in Germany met at Bethel near Bielefield, and organized a conference. The roll call, discussions and reports of that conference revealed the lamentable state of affairs in the German foreign mission situation after the war. Everyone knows that the war stripped most of the German foreign mission fields of their missionaries, but it has been difficult to survey the situation as a whole. In the first issue of the conference magazine, "Our Experience," published in January, 1921, there appears a summary statement of the present condition of German foreign missionary societies.
In January, 1921, over seven hundred German missionaries, not including wives of the missionaries, or more than three-fifths of the foreign missionaries of Germany, were obliged to remain in Germany, because their foreign fields were closed to them by the aftermath of the war.
From the point of view of the fields that are closed to them German missionary societies may be grouped in four classes :
1. The societies which retain their fields are the Rhenish, the Barmen China Alliance and the Kiel China Mission Society. The war, however, obliged them to reduce their forces from one-fourth to one-half. Moreover, toward the close of 1920 seven missionaries of the China Alliance were expelled from China and three of the oldest and most experienced missionaries of the Rhenish society, working in South West Africa, were obliged to return to Germany.
2. Five societies, the Neukirchen, Neuendettelsau, Hermanns- burg, Berlin and Moravian, have suffered severe losses, retained only a portion of their foreign work, and are in a more or less pre- carious condition because of their inability to reinforce the fields they have been permitted to retain and because of the extremely low value of German money.
3. Two of the larger and more aggressive societies, the Basel and the Leipsic, have been deprived of all but a meager remnant of their former work, and are forced to bear the discouragement of having respectively five and six times as many missionaries at home as in the field.
4. Seven societies lost their entire foreign mission work: The Gossner, Bremen, Bethel, Breklum, Sudan-Pioneer, Liebenzell and Baptist. Several of these societies have already secured new fields. The Breklum Society, with the financial aid of the National Lutheran Council, has taken over the Kiel China Mission.
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None of the German societies have given up the hope of return- ing sooner or later to their former fields, though to human eyes the prospects are growing less hopeful every day. The way seems to be opening through more favorable political conditions in Egypt for the resumption of the work of the Sudan-Pioneer Mission, but in other fields the Allies are not willing to have them return to their work at present.
Foreign missionaries in Germany are in a deplorable situation from another point of view. Forced to return to Germany after years of service in foreign fields, they have had to readapt them- selves to life in a country in whose political and military atmos- phere they were in many cases, not at home. Their hearts have remained in their foreign fields. Some were employed by their so- cieties in deputation service until the cost of traveling became pro- hibitive. Some secured positions as pulpit supplies and substitute pastors, but the return of former pastors and the influx of German ministers from the Balkans and other parts of Europe, have forced them out. The number of missionaries who have secured perma- nent pastorates is very small. Others have found employment as teachers or inner mission (social service) workers while some who had learned trades in their youth, have sought a livelihood in that direction. The younger unmarried men are taking special courses in theology at the universities in order to qualify for service in the home church. The greatest difficulty is experienced by missionaries with families. Many are still being supported by allowances granted by their societies. The condition in general is illustrated by a refer- ence to the occupation of the missionaries of the Basel Society in May, 1920. Of its 172 missionaries 39 were without remunerative employment, receiving living allowance ; 52 were earning a livelihood as supply or substitute pastors; 43 were variously employed and had prospects of permanent employment; 38 were engaged in non- German employment.
It is significant to read the following comment on the disin- clination of ecclesiastical authorities to appoint foreign missionaries to settled pastorates : "Their unfavorable disposition may be a phase of God's punishment of our German people, who have despised His Word."
Of all whose sad lot is cast in Germany today, the condition of none is more unfortunate than that of the foreign missionaries, who must remain in a land where, despite their education and experience, there seems to be no opportunity for them to earn a livelihood, and where they are eating out their hearts with longings to return to the foreign fields that are still closed to them.
Missionary Work of Dutch Churches
BY REV. HENRY BEETS, LL.D., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Director of Missions of the Christian Reformed Church
HE largest of the Reformed Churches of the Netherlands is
the "Hervormde Kerk," which numbers nearly 1,400 congre-
gations, served by about 1,650 preachers. This denomination does not carry on mission work as a church, but orthodox believers within its community have formed various societies under whose aus- pices work is carried on in the Dutch East Indies.
The next largest Protestant body in Holland is the Reformed Church with 716 congregations and 554 ministers. They number over 225,000 communicants and total nearly half a million souls. These churches carry on a mission work in the Dutch East Indies, on the islands of Java and Soemba. In recent years their work has developed in a very encouraging way. In 1910 only three laborers were engaged in the work on the Island of Java, one of whom was a preacher, one a medical missionary and one a missionary teacher. At present there are seven ordained men in Java, assisted by over one hundred native helpers, some of whom are preaching, some are engaged in school work, others are educating native preachers, and thirty colporteurs are spreading Christian literature. The converts number about 3,000 and seven churches have been organized. In the forty schools, under the auspices of the Reformed Church, 4,000 pupils are instructed in Christian truth. At each main mission sta- tion a hospital is maintained and eight dispensaries have been opened in various places. In the island of Soemba the work is also progressing encouragingly.
The Dutch East Indies have at present in the neighborhood of 250 white missionaries working at 170 posts, with some 1,400 out- stations and over a thousand native helpers. The number of con- verts is about 50,000, and over 90,000 children are taught in schools by 2,300 teachers. The Rhenish Mission Society of Germany, and the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church are also working in the Dutch East Indies and their work is included in the figures given. Recently some other German societies have been negotiating with Dutch missionary bodies with a view to occu- pying territory in the Island of New Guinea.
The awakened missionary interest in Holland is largely due to the Mission Study Council, of which Capt. J. W. Gunning, of Utrecht, is the energetic secretary. The first International Mission Study Conference, under auspices of this Council, was held in 1911 at Lun- teren, a summer resort in the Netherlands and each year missionary leaders from America and Great Britain are invited to address the
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Conference in English. Last year three conferences discussed the three subjects: (1) Missionary education and mission study; (2) General missionary subjects; (3) Practical methods. The meetings have been attended largely by preachers and students, but a plan lias been formed to hold one series of meetings for the working class and another at which teachers will discuss the bearing of missions on instruction in the lower schools. A few years ago a very informing volume entitled "Schools and Missions," was published as a manual for missionary teaching in grammar grades. Something of the kind might well be placed before the teachers of America.
In South Africa, a great work is being carried on by the Dutch Reformed Churches located there. In 1909 these churches main- tained 72 foreign missionary workers and today these have increased to 150 or more. Their work is carried on among the Mohammedans, as well as among the natives of Transvaal and Bechuanaland, Ma- shonaland, Nyasaland and the Sudan, under the auspices of the Dutch Reformed Church of the Cape Province. The Dutch Reformed Church of the Orange Free State conducts work in Northeast Rho- desia; its sister denomination in the Transvaal is working in Portu- guese Nyasaland, and the Church of Natal maintains evangelists among the natives of its own territory. Considerable opposition to these efforts has come from the Ethiopian Church which is com- posed of African Christians.
In the beginning of 1920 it was felt that at least 34 new workers ought to be sent out to the foreign fields in Africa. The result has been that already 21 of those asked for have been set apart for the work.
The Reformed Church in South Africa, the so-called "Dopper Church," to which the late President Kruger belonged, has also taken up the work of missions, but on a small scale.
The Christian Reformed Church in North America, last October, sent three ordained men to China, to begin the first foreign mission work undertaken by that body of nearly 100,000 souls. They are the Revs. Lee S. Huizenga, M.D., J. C. De Korne, and H. A. Dykstra. At present they are making a tour of investigation in provinces near Shanghai.
Next summer this Church plans to celebrate the quarter cen- tennial of its mission work among the Indians of the Southwest, notably the Navajo and Zuni Indians. At present twenty-one Chris- t Lan Reformed missionaries and six natives are laboring in the South- west, not far from Gallup, New Mexico.
BEST METHODS
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■Lnru"""oirei
3
Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Editor, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York WHEN YOU MAKE A MISSIONARY SPEECH
the four elements of an effective speech*
Facts
Big Facts
Human Facts
Related Facts
The majority of the people who read The Missionary Re- view of the World make missionary speeches either in private conversation or public address. This month the Best Methods Department is devoted to facts for missionary talks. Some statements that are being quoted by missionary speakers are out of date and need revision. Here are up to date facts for ten of the topics on which missionary speeches are being made.
If you find these helpful and would like to have facts on other subjects write to the editor of this department, naming some of the other topics on which you would like to see facts presented.
THE PRESENT WORLD SITUATION
By Delavan L. Pierson
A general survey of the present world conditions must be telescopic rather than microscopic. This has its advantages but should be only prepara- tory to more detailed study.
1. There is world-wide unrest. Foundations of the nations have been shaken and broken up in some cases.
Political revolutions have stirred, or are stirring, Mexico, Guatemala and other Latin American lands ; Europe is still so unsettled that no one can tell what a day may bring forth ; Moslem lands are in a turmoil ; China is wan- dering in search of the path to peace ; Korea is experiencing a peaceful re- bellion : Japan is the scene of a strug- gle between military autocracy and in-
*According to Dr. Cornelius H. Patton.
dustrial democracy ; India is in the throes of a non-cooperation strike against British rule.
The social and industrial unrest is as marked as the political. Strikes have been the order of the day in America and Europe. There are race riots. Bolshevist upheavals, socialistic dem- onstrations, and similar movements all over the world. Men and women are groping to discover the secret of pros- perity in their social and industrial relations.
Religious unrest was aggravated and brought to a head by the war. The- ologies have been discarded by many and the importance of beliefs has been discounted. Sectarianism has been de- cried, and unity is demanded. Scores of movements are working for church union, or unity in faith and service. It is a testing time.
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Missionary unrest is also a result of the war. Thousands of German mis- sionaries have been uprooted ; mis- sions in some Moslem lands have been disturbed or destroyed ; new methods are being advocated for China, India and Africa with more emphasis on medical, social and industrial work. There is danger of confusing the things of primary and secondary im- portance.
2. There are zvorld-zvide opportuni- ties. All these upheavals are the sign of human hunger for something bet- ter. The upheavals are the plowing of the soil to prepare for seed sowing. Dr. Shelton has entered Tibet ; Dr. Harrison has taken the Gospel to Cen- tral Arabia ; Abyssinia has invited United Presbyterian missionaries to enter. Russia and Moslem lands are still hostile, but present marvelous op- portunities.
The minds of men have been opened by new experiences. The Indians, Chinese and Africans who went to Europe have returned home, with a new vision of the world. The India Mass Movement still goes on ; the Chinese are learning to use the new phonetic script so that they may learn to read and write in a month whereas it formerly required years.
Many in the churches at home have open hearts. The great denomination- al campaigns have not wholly succeed- ed in their aims, but they have aroused people from lethargy.
3. There are world-wide movements for cooperation. The power of unity was proved in the war, and men today are advocating political leagues, in- dustrial unions, and religious associa- tions along denominational and inter- denominational lines. There are church union movements in America and Britain, in China and in India.
Missionary cooperation is recog- nized in the Home Missions Council, the Foreign Missions Conference and similar bodies. A new International Missionary Committee of Protestant bodies has recently been formed. Great results are reported from co- operative missionary movements in
Montana, Mexico, China, Korea, In- dia and the West Indies.
4. There are world-zuide dangers. The greatest perils to the Church are not political or social, grave as these are. They are not the persecutions such as Christians suffer in non-Chris- tian lands. The greatest dangers threatened are from the Godless ten- dencies within the Church and the Christian. They are materialism, de- pendence on social rather than spir- itual regeneration ; a loss of faith in the Bible, in Christ and in the super- natural and eternal ; the danger of substituting "another gospel" for the Gospel of Christ.
5. There is world-wide remedy. The situation is desperate from a hu- man viewpoint, but there is a Heaven- sent remedy. There is a divine Christ who is a sufficient Saviour. There is a Gospel that is "Good News," not merely good advice. There is a divine commission to every disciple of Christ to spread the Good News. There is a divine Spirit that makes effective this testimony. God works in human hearts. There is promise of a divine harvest as a result of this sowing. Men, women and children all over the world are daily, hourly, every mo- ment, coming into the Kingdom of God, and their natures and lives are being transformed.
God is unsettling mankind in order that He may show them the way of true peace. He has a program that is being carried out. The world is not running by chance. God's power is sufficient for these things and His love is unchanging. It behooves those who are called by His name to study His program, to submit to His guidance and to cooperate whole-heartedly in His plan for giving the whole Gospel of Christ to all mankind.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF MISSIONARY COOPERATION
By Robert E. Speer
In five regards the Foreign Mission work has made notable achievements in cooperation.
In the first place it is a gain that
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many of the divisive names have had to be dropped because they could not be translated into other languages. There are fields now, like the Philip- pines, where the Christian Church has used one single name. And it is prob- able that in many fields before long the only Church that will be known will be the Church of Christ.
In the second place the foreign mis- sionaries have adopted a policy of the wisest distribution of the inadequate forces which are available for the work. Men have seen the absurdity and wrong of crowding little groups of Christian workers into one single section while great areas went abso- lutely uncared for. And wise and sensible men, in whom the Christian spirit worked, have begun to appor- tion this task among themselves. The underlying principle was expressed in one of the deliverances of the Church of England some time ago, in the Lam- beth Conference of 1887 : "That in the foreign mission field of the Church's work where signal spiritual blessings have attended the labor of Christian missionaries not connected with the Anglican community a spe- cial obligation has arisen to avoid, as far as possible without compromise of principle, whatever tends to prevent the due growth and manifestation of that 'Unity of the Spirit,' which should ever mark the Church of Christ." And there are very few missionaries now who are not of the same mind with Alexander Duff, who said that "he would as soon leap into the Ganges as take one step to entice a Christian be- liever away from another Christian body, or to do work that fell in the natural sphere and was- the duty of any other Christian organization."
In the third place the Foreign Mis- sion work has led all other Christian activities in the way it has developed confidence and cooperation among all the forces engaged in it. Here in New York City, we began thirty years ago an annual conference of all the foreign missionary boards of the United States and Canada. Tt has been held annually ever since, and it
has enabled the missionary agencies in the United States and Canada to ap- proach their task with a common body of principles and with an almost com- mon body of resources. In almost every mission field now agencies of the same kind have been developed, agencies of cooperation and confidence. In India the Anglican Church has been foremost in the great movement that has correlated the forces of India. And all of these bodies, except the Roman communion, are correlating their purposes and laying out their plans not in isolation but in common conference and brotherly accord.
In the fourth place, there has been in the mission field for a hundred years now such a volume of united prayer ascending from men and wom- en as has arisen from no other section of the Christian Church. What we call the Week of Prayer, long since diverted to other purposes, sprang out of the missions in India, and was de- signed by these missions to rally the whole Christian Church to pray for the evangelization of the non-Christian world. To-day I will venture to as- sert there are more foreign mission- aries united in their prayer than any other class of Christians in the world.
In the fifth place, there have been achievements in actual unity which have far transcended anything that we have won as yet in any other areas of the Church's service. We see it in the united institutions. I could name scores of union colleges and theologi- cal seminaries and hospitals and insti- tutions of every kind. The day has gone by when any separate communion undertakes any longer to build up alone a great educational institution of higher learning on the mission field. We have realized that there is nothing in truth that can be sectarian, that the great body of truth is common truth and that we should unite in undertak- ing higher educational work. In building a missionary university from two to ten different organizations will often unite. Further, all the medical missionaries in China have gathered in one medical association, and all the
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missionaries in educational work have gathered in one educational associa- tion. And we have gone far beyond this. Denominations separate in the W est are united in the mission fields of the East. In Japan, all the Episcopal Churches have united, likewise the Methodist : and more than thirty years ago, all the Presbyterian and Re- formed bodies, seven of them, still apart in the United States, were united into one body. In China today the Presbyterian and the Reformed Churches are one, and the Congrega- tionalists are uniting with them, no matter what nation they come from. All over the world we are witnessing the actual melting together of denomi- nations. The missionaries are not afraid to put their ideals into words. Here is the resolution of the great Missionary Conference of Japan in 1900, adopted by the missionaries of all denominations gathered there. "This conference of missionaries, as- sembled in the City of Tokyo, pro- claims its belief that all those who are one with Christ by faith are one body ; and it calls upon all those who love the Lord Jesus and His Church in sincer- ity and truth, to pray and to labor for the full realization of such a corporate oneness as the Master Himself prayed for on that night in which He was be- trayed."
Here is the finding of the Centenary Conference in Shanghai. "That this Conference unanimously holds the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- ments as the supreme standard of faith and practice and holds firmly the primitive apostolic faith. Further, while acknowledging the Apostles' Creed, and the Nicene Creed as sub- stantially expressing the fundamental doctrine's of the Christian faith, the Conference does not adopt any creed as a basis of Church Unity, and leaves confessional questions for further consideration ; yet. in view of our knowledge of each other's doctrinal symbols, history, work and character, we gladly recognize ourselves as al- ready one body in Christ, teaching one way of eternal life, and calling men in-
to one holy fellowship ; and as one in regard to the great body of doctrine of the Christian faith ; one in our teach- ing as to the love of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost ; in our testimony as to sin and salva- tion, and our homage to the Divine and Holy Redeemer of men ; one in our call to the purity of the Christian life, and in our witness to the splen- dors of the Christian hope.
"We frankly recognize that we dif- fer as to methods of administration and church government. But we unite in holding that these differences do not invalidate the assertion of our real unity in our common witness to the Gospel of the grace of God.
"That in planting the Church of Christ on Chinese soil, we desire only to plant one church under the sole control of the Lord Jesus Christ, gov- erned by the Word of the living God and led by His guiding Spirit. While freely communicating to this church the knowledge of truth, and the rich historical experience to which older churches have attained, we fully rec- ognize the liberty in Christ of the churches in China planted by means of the missions and churches which we represent, in so far as these churches are, by maturity of Chris- tian character and experience, fitted to exercise it ; and we desire to commit them in faith and hope to the con- tinued safe-keeping of their Lord, when the time shall arrive, which we eagerly anticipate, when they shall pass bevond our guidance and con- trol."
THE CALL FOR MEN IN 1921
By Robert P. Wilder
General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions
The unprecedented increase in the gifts to Foreign Missions in money by the churches of Canada and the United States during the past three years has its distinct complement in an offering of life for this service.
In round numbers, there are on the foreign mission field about 26,000 foreign missionaries — that is, men
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and women who have gone out from the Protestant Christian churches of the so-called Christian countries to work as missionaries in Europe, Latin America and the non-Christian world.
Of these, over 12,000 are from Can- ada and the United States ; under 900 of them are from Canada, the remain- der from the United States. Over 1,600 of these sailed during 1920.
While the Student Volunteer Move- ment for Foreign Missions, which is an interdenominational recruiting agency for foreign service, has never put a premium on membership and al- ways has emphasized the actual get- ting to the mission field ; its records show that almost 9,000 of its mem- bers have sailed for foreign service.
It is a significant fact that of the missionaries of all Protestant organ- izations who sailed last year, over 1,400 were sent out by denominational agencies, 160 by union and interde- nominational agencies and 60 by non- denominational agencies.
The Bulletin of the Student Volun- teer Movement shows for 1921 calls for 2,100 men and women for foreign fields. This is the largest number of calls ever recorded in any one year. If the wives were added in every in- stance to the calls for married men this list would probably include calls for not less than 2,800 people, about 1,800 of these would be for women.
This does not mean that 2,800 mis- sionaries will be sent in 1921, for many societies have included calls beyond the number which their financial re- sources will make possible for them to send. Probably, however, the number will not fall much below the number sent in 1920.
These calls are for practically every foreign mission field in the world.
The calls also include every type of service, though the largest number by far is for the general missionaries (ordained men and women evangel- ists). Second to this come the- vari- ous types of educational work from kindergarten to college, with special- ization along all lines from general
education to a school for deaf, manual training, industrial schools and medi- cal schools.
Among the miscellaneous calls are listed accountants, agriculturists, architects, business agents, builders, engineers, farm managers, house- mothers, hostel directors, printers, a librarian, a Scout master, stenogra- phers, Sunday-school specialists, treas- urers, Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. secre- taries.
THE HOME MISSIONS SITUATION
By Rev. Charles L. Thompson, D.D.
President of the Home Missions Council
The Christianization of America stands out in a challenging way today. World-wide events give it peculiar significance. European nations con- fronting the world's unrest unite in saying "Our hope is in America."
What kind of America? It is the aim of Home Missions to make it the right kind. Many factors plead for this new America. Our congested ports of entry reveal their peril and their promise. Our great cities are seething with possibilities of power for good or evil. Our countrysides are awaking to see their chance in the re- making of a nation. Our industrial relations predict continuous battle or a new brotherhood. These are sig- nificant, outstanding Home Mission obligations.
Aside from the power of Gospel truth (for on that all depends) the most cheering sign of the day is ex- pressed in the one word — cooperation. Men learned its cogency in the war. Divided counsels and leadership were imperiling victory. Then suddenly a union of forces under one leader swung the lines forward. In a much higher sense the triumphs of the Gospel must have a union of forces. How that union has grown to the po- tency it has today is a most encour- aging sign. In the memory of people not yet old missionary forces were divided, often antagonistic, zeal for the denomination forbidding unity for the Kingdom. Gradually the sin of it dawned upon the churches. A vision
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of better ways and days dawned on a few pioneer souls. Then "the vision splendid" began to spread. A genera- tion ago the larger outlook was ex- ceptional and chiefly local. Here and there in some hard moral and re- ligious conditions a few were forced to learn, even by adversity, that there must be a better way. They found it in what Ruskin calls "The Law of Help." Gradually the idea of feder- ation took hold of a few communities. Here and there, under pressure of the hard battle in cities, neighbor regard- ed neighbor and said : "Can't we do team work?" As men saw the ad- vantages of it in economy and efficiency, the sporadic and local in- stances grew to a new philosophy of missions. The spirit of Christian union helped on the movement, so the great adventure of Christian federa- tion was born. In New York after exhaustive surveys revealing desper- ate conditions and the urgency of new ways, a Church federation was formed. Working under new handi- caps it challenged the attention of the country. Other cities took up the en- deavor. In some states, as in Maine, state organizations began to function.
So came the Federal Council and the Home Missions Council, the ob- ject of which was Christian team work for all the things that concern the Kingdom of God. Now there are state federations in nearly every state. In many states there are Home Mis- sions Councils whose aim it is, by scientific study of moral and religious conditions to combine all Christian forces in solidarity of action. The fact that we have in so large a way accomplished this is the one bright light we fling up against the darkness which in so many respects shrouds the sky.
THE ORIENTAL AND THE CHURCH IN AMERICA
By Rev. George L. Cady, D.D.
Corresponding Secretary of the American Missionary Association
1. Population. Two-thirds of all Orientals in the United States are west of the Rocky Mountains. The Ha-
waiian Islands have 110,000 Japanese, 22,000 Chinese, 20,000 Filipinos, 5,000 Koreans.
California — Popu- lation Chinese Japanese 1910 36,248 41,356 1919 33,271 87,279
Dec. 2,977 Inc. 45,923
2. Occupation. The Chinese are largely gathered in the cities ; 58% of the Japanese in California are agri- culturists.
Of 27,931,000 acres of farm land in California, the Japanese own 74,- 000 and lease 383,000— a little less, than 2%. Their production increased from $6,235,000 in 1909 to $67,145,000 in 1919. They raise 90% of the straw- berries and cantaloupes, 80% of the onions, tomatoes and lettuce, celery and cut flowers, 55% of the cabbage, 40% of the potatoes, etc. They are no mean contributors to the nation's well being.
3. Problems.
a. Religion. Hawaii alone has 78 Buddhist and Shinto temples — 11 built in five years These are ministered to by 79 priests. One temple in Hono- lulu cost $100,000.
Buddhism is hardly a religion, but rather a patriotic cult to keep the Japanese loyal wherever they are, by a common worship — perhaps of the Emperor ! To these influences must be added the Japanese language schools under the control of Buddhist priests.
b. Chinese Girl Traffic. This exists in spite of all efforts in San Francisco and elsewhere.
c. The Chinese Tongs. Less than one-fifth of the Chinese belong to the "Tongs" but the rest live in terror of them. They exist for illegal purposes. They can be suppressed. A new slo- gan : "The Tongs must go !"
d. Open gambling and vice unsup- pressed by the police forces. Forces :
Missions for Chinese in California 53 Missions for Japanese in California 72 Missions for Koreans in California 15 Hawaii had 18 Japanese churches with 1,854 members in 1918
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Hawaii has 8 Chinese churches with 653 members
Mission Problems: Mission Con- gestion, especially in the Plaza section of Los Angeles, and in Chinatown in San Francisco. Efforts are being made now to solve the Los Angeles problem but in Chinatown there are nine different church buildings, worth about $400,000 and seven other de- nominations with rented buildings costing the boards from $30,000 up- ward and all for a Chinese population of 8,000 in an area of six blocks. Compare this with the
Unoccupied Fields: For Japanese — Western Washington, Yakima Val- ley, Southern Idaho, Utah mining towns, Orange County, Cal., small town between Pasadena and San Ber- nardino, Hood River Valley.
For Chinese — Sacramento River towns, Reno, Salt Lake, Boise, Spo- kane, Ogden, rural districts in San Joaquin Valley, rural districts of lower California.
Save the American Oriental for the sake of the Orient. Scores of Japa- nese and Chinese Christians have re- turned to their native land from the American mission work. The Chi- nese in America maintain a very ex- tensive work in their homeland. Hun- dreds are returning to their ancestral homes — will they take back to their Orient a kind of a religion as Trotsky took a kind of politics from America to Russia?
God has forced upon us the oppor- tunity to touch them with the Gos- pel of Christ, and to make them emi- grant missionaries to the new Orient of tomorrow.
LATIN AMERICA
By S. G. Inman
Executive Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America
At no time has the work of the North American Mission Boards in Latin America been so important as at present. Commerce between the United States and Latin America has grown from $700,000,000, at the be- ginning of the World War, to $3,000,-
000,000 this last year. The political influence of the United States in the Caribbean district especially has re- cently been vitally increased. The spiritual influence of the North Amer- ican people should certainly grow commensurately with these other in- fluences. Remarkable changes are taking place in Latin American life.
The World War has made Latin Americans begin a new search after God, compelling them to re-examine their materialistic theories, supposed- ly beyond attack. With this new yearning for spiritual life is a desire for closer friendship with the United States, whose idealism displayed dur- ing the war has dissipated old preju- dices and turned Latin America again toward the doctrine of all-American solidarity. "If America does not save the world, it will not be saved," said a Buenos Aires professor recently.
There are six fundamental needs in Latin America.
First, A new faith. God must be recognized as a present help, not sim- ply a future judge. Jesus Christ must be the inspiration for the solution of present pressing social problems for individuals and for nations.
Second, Education. Illiteracy is the great fundamental problem, ranging from 40 per cent to 50 per cent in Uruguay and Argentina to 85 or 90 per cent in Venezuela and Santo Do- mingo. New York City's present budget for education equals the amount spent for education in all the twenty republics of Latin America in 1914.
Third, Economic reform. Indus- trial unrest is general and great strikes have taken place in practically every Latin American country. A thousand strikers were killed in a single clash in Sao Paulo. Social upheaval in Mexico is destined to be reenacted in Chile and other countries if the prob- lems of labor are left unsolved. The Christian Church alone has the un- selfishness and the power to solve them.
Fourth, Good literature : the domi- nant literature of Latin America is
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atheistic and often immoral. There are great classics, but practically no popular literature to help in the de- velopment of character.
Fifth, Justice to the Indian : the hopelessly exploited aborigine is the most pathetic figure in Latin America. His backward condition is the great drag on Latin American progress. Any agency that can point the way toward a betterment of his condition will be welcomed by the various national gov- ernments. The Christian Church dare not longer ignore the needs of these first Americans.
Sixth, Modern medicine and sani- tation : the rich command the services of skilled physicians but the poor re- main pitiable victims of preventable diseases. Valparaiso has an infant death rate of 75 to 80 per cent ; whole states are without a resident physi- cian ; the country districts are desti- tute of medical service, while trained nurses and public clinics are unknown except in a few large cities. Only Christianity can stir up the public con- science to relieve such conditions.
The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America acts as a clearing house and board of strategy for thirty dif- ferent mission boards having work in Latin America.
THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS
By Rodney W. Roundy
Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council
For the total Indian population of the United States of 336,337, one- third of which is in Oklahoma, schools are a prime necessity. Indians cannot become worthy citizens of a Christian civilization without educational foun- dations. In meeting this task of Americanization there are about 200 government day schools, 70 reserva- tion boarding schools and 24 non- reservation schools. In addition there is a combined enrolment of 5,000 Indian boys and girls in the 47 Roman Catholic and 25 Protestant Mission boarding and day schools. Still there are an estimated 21,000 eligible pupils, usually among the smaller groups or isolated tribes yet without oppor-
tunities for education. It is estimated that as many as 7,000 Navajoes are destitute of educational care.
So fast as the states through their public school departments and county boards are prepared to furnish schools for Indian boys and girls it is rightly the policy of the government to dis- continue its schools. This policy can- not proceed too rapidly without gross neglect. For at least a generation a large number of government schools must operate, though in some cases combinations and adjustments will be possible.
The peyote evil among groups of Indians, especially in Oklahoma, is assuming proportions most detrimen- tal to the health and morals of many Indians. The use of this mescal bean with its accompanying hallucinations has assumed religious sanction as an Indian religion with an incorporated church in the state of Oklahoma. One or two states have passed laws pro- hibiting the use of this deleterious drug. The national government should speedily take the same course if it is to continue as faithful guardian of the humanitarian interests of the original Americans.
Through the Joint Committee on Indian Missions of the Home Mis- sions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions the Prot- estant churches of America are maintaining a united front in their missionary efforts. There are twice as many missionaries in the field as there were twenty-five years ago. Fields are so allocated by mutual agreements that there are almost no cases of overlapping. There is an in- creased desire to reach all the Indians, even the most scattered and neglected, by some responsible missionary agency. Cooperation in the maintenance of mission schools and in religious in- struction in government schools is the order of the day. Without loss of evangelistic zeal there is increased em- phasis being placed on social minis- tries and methods of rural religious work on the part of missionaries to the Indians. This very year many of
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the missionaries will be in attendance at summer schools for rural workers. All at it, all together is the motto of the time.
COLLEGES FOR WOMEN IN THE ORIENT
By Margaret Hodge
President of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.
Public attention has been directed recently towards these colleges be- cause of the International Christmas Gift of $1,000,000 from a hundred thousand women in America. Al- though the whole amount was not re- ceived, yet it is gratifying to know that $144,754 is in hand from this source. In addition the colleges have over $300,000 invested in land or in cash, while the ten cooperating Mis- sion Boards have written into their budgets for the next two years about a half million dollars. The Laura Spel- man Rockefeller Memorial Fund has promised to give one dollar for every two raised in this country. It bases its gift not only on the Christmas gift but on the amounts given in the past few years and holds the offer open up to January 1, 1923.
(These Colleges, the work they are doing, and their needs were described in the December 1920 and February 1921 numbers of the Review.)
They need the small gifts of the many, the large gifts of the few, and every dollar given in the next two years means another half dollar. But they need quite as much our intelli- gent prayers, and our choicest and best young women as teachers.
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR THE ORIENT
By Alice M. Kyle
Editor of "Life and Light for Women"
Our perplexity in America is to choose between the many books and magazines which are offered us. The perplexity of the women and children of the Orient is to find any Christian books and papers in their language.
There are one hundred million chil-
dren of school age in China, and only a few thousand copies of Christian magazines and picture books.
"Happy Childhood" is the chil- dren's magazine which the cooperation of Christian women has given to China. The editor is Mrs. Donald MacGilvary. The Junior Red Cross of America is paying for two hundred copies of "Happy Childhood" to be sent to two hundred primary schools in China.
The new phonetic alphabet is mak- ing the. literacy of the Chinese some- thing to be hoped for within a gener- ation. The Christian Literature Com- mittee of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards of North America gave $1,000 gold last year to aid in the preparation and distribution of phonetic literature for the women and children of China. A committee of women, foreign and Chinese, are giving careful study to this subject.
This committee has determined to prepare simple booklets giving the parables of Jesus, biographies of out- standing Christian women, home prob- lems, and similar topics.
The first weekly Christian news- paper in phonetics, issued in China, has appeared recently.
A magazine for school girls of In- dia has recently been begun. This modest venture calling for $500 for 1921 is for the present in the hands of Mrs. Wilkie, a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in North India.
"Ai no Hikani" is a tiny and, to American eyes, rather unattractive news sheet, published in Japan, by the Christian Literature Society, for the coolie women and poor fisher folk. The missionaries tell us that these lit- tle sheets are eagerly welcomed each month by the dwellers in these humble homes.
Additions are being made as rapid- ly as possible to the few Christian books that have been translated for the women and children of the Orient. China now has its first illustrated Life of Christ translated for very small children.
Woman's Home Mission Bulletin
Edited by Florence E. Quinla
RECREATION AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH
By Silas E. Persons, D.D.
"Work is a means to an end, but play is an end in itself." So wrote Horace Bushnell, one of New Eng- land's foremost preachers and philoso- phers, more than half a century ago. Whether or not this thesis can be suc- cessfully maintained, I wish to de- vote a part of this article to the con- sideration of play as a means which the Church may well use to noble ends.
The American churches have not fostered community or even family plays. To a large extent play with us is a professional matter which we enjoy, but in which as a people we do not engage. Many games which have persisted during the ages are very largely tabooed by the Church, as they are largely used by interests inimical to Christian character. We have not generally recognized play as a part of life, of church life as well as of secu- lar life. Two inevitable and regret- table results have followed this short- sighted policy : the perverting of these plays into really harmful and danger- ous forms of amusement, and the gradual and unconscious alienation of many of our children from the Church.. A naughty world has made the plays naughty and they in turn are making our children naughty. The Church has not looked upon play as a means of grace or as a means of building character. It has failed to recognize the spirit of play as one of the God-given characteristics of hu- man nature, and therefore has not consciously and purposefully made a place for it in its program of Christian culture. And evil influences have not been slow to use and to pervert wbat the Church has scorned.
There is something wholesome and safe in getting the whole community together for an afternoon of whole-
, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York
some sport. When father and moth- er and neighbors, old and young, par- ticipate in games, especially out-of- door games, there is little inducement or opportunity for our young people to go astray. On the positive side, also, there is ethical value in healthy sports. I like to teach a boy to have the four indispensable virtues of good sportsmanship : nerve, skill, courtesy and fairness. Such training ought to help him to play fair in the bigger games of life, in the market, in the arena of politics, in the parliaments of men, never flinching, never losing temper, nor unbridling his tongue, never playing false to competitor, to State, to God. The discipline of high- toned, manly sports constitutes one of the educations of life. It is a means of grace and helps to save the soul from flabbiness, from meanness, from dishonesty.
But our word "recreation" is larger than the word "play." Whatever in- terests us intensely, absorbingly, has in it elements of re-creation. One reason why games are so valuable as recreation is that they so engage our attention that for the moment we for- get ourselves and all our carking cares. There are few if any occupa- tions that so naturally lend themselves to recreation as that work in God's out-of-doors which we call farming. The moment it is made scientific and engages an inventive mind, as well as the ox-like brawn, it becomes re- creative. When a boy's mind is open to the beauties of Nature, alert to her processes of growth, eager to experi- ment with Nature, to work out the problems on the farm as he would work out a puzzle in a social contest, his mind is renewed every morning and fresh every evening. His physi- cal and mental resources are recreated in the very process of work itself.
One day a friend of James Gordon Bennett stepped into the office of the New York Herald and found the edi-
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tor, as always, plunged knee-deep in the enterprise of editing a great daily paper. He said : "Bennett, how do you endure this everlasting drudg- ery?" "Drudgery? This is not drudgery, this is fun." When you convert work into play, make it a tus- sle with Nature, a wrestling match with God's out-of-door forces, in which, by his intelligence and in- genuity, the farmer's boy is going to win, there will be as little sense of drudgery in farming as in editing a newspaper.-
But the winter, the tedious winter on the farm ! Its nights, so long and cold and dark, so different from the light and airy gaieties of the city, the theater-goings, the concerts, the lec- tures, the movies, the dances of the city. What shall we do with them? How shall we at once banish their tediousness and make them contribute to the mental and spiritual joy and worth of boy and girl, father and mother? Get the whole neighborhood together for a Bible Study Social, with games and plays and stereopti- con views and spelling matches and what-not in the way of amusement, and with it all a study of the lives of the great Biblical characters, and then break bread together in true and neighborly communion.
I want to record an appreciation of the really recreational work that fhe country church is doing every Sun- day. For the preaching of the Gos- pel, the glad tidings from God, and the hearing of it preached, are themselves recreation, and break the dead monot- ony of rural life. Just to attire one's self in his best and most self-respecting raiment, to meet his neighbors in friendly converse, to sing the hymns of his faith, to have his conscience stirred, his religious hopes awakened, his spiritual vision led on into the Infinite and the Eternal, and his sense of God and His goodness made real to him, creates again, upbuilds, gives joy, helps in the struggle, and makes life richer and more worth living. Religion, like the Sabbath, is recrea- tional. 5
CHURCH AND COMMUNITY
Christ foundation of Church Home foundation of Community Upon these rests society Righteousness becomes each Cooperation essential to success Happiness the ideal of all and
Companionships guarded Opportunities improved Mutual interests considered Moral welfare promoted Unwholesome conditions removed Needful pleasures provided Ideals of life ennobled Truth and Home exalted Youth wisely instructed.
—Mrs. John Ferguson, the church facing its task
The mission study of the year has helped us to see some of the unmet responsibilities of the Church toward the communities in which it is placed. The survey which was carried on dur- ing the preceding year has opened many eyes.
Properly cultivated, the rural field will yield returns in spiritual power, in recruits, in money. The present situation is appalling as much for its neglect of the people as for its neg- lect of these potential resources. The Boards and the Country Church move- ment have a new asset. There was enormous value in having so many people study their own communities with a view to attempting to see a solution of some of their local prob- lems. Men and women have taken a new grip on church life, have re- ceived a new idea of the program of a going church.
The composition of the American city is the result of the three processes by which it has secured its people ; rural emigration, alien immigration, and the increase due to births. Each of these processes has created a cor- responding group in the American city ; the rural emigrant is the result of the first ; the foreigner of the sec- ond, and the indigenous city folk of the third. The task of the Church in appealing to these different groups is as much a psychological problem as it is a social, economic, moral and spiritual problem. These three groups
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think in fundamentally different terms, and their usual reactions toward situations and facts are the result of different traditional view- points.
In the evolution of the city, people of like interest are drawn together. Thus the communities and neighbor- hoods take on a definite character. In the commercial world, wholesale busi- ness and retail business are segre- gated : different trades are segregated along certain streets ; races are segre- gated ; linguistic groups are segre- gated ; economic groups are segregat- ed. This process of segregation results in the complexity of the American city. As a result the Church is confronted with the task of minis- tering to many different kinds of com- munities.
Thus far, the Church's approach to this field has been haphazard and spasmodic. There has not yet been evolved a science of procedure which adequately meets the needs of the city. Certain of the great problems of the city can be met only when the Prot- estant churches of the city concen- trate on a common program, unselfish- ly working for the lifting up of hu- manity. Given a coordination of all these forces, a cooperating group of trained workers under competent leadership, wise strategy and an ade- quate budget, and almost any prob- lem in the city may be solved by the Church.
There are many neighborhoods and many groups of people to whom the Spirit of Christ has never been brought home with persistency and power. Nothing less than every- community service on a state-wide scale can compass the great task. It is not only an unfinished task, it is an un- initiated task in multitudes of com- munities. Bringing the Spirit of Jesus Christ warmly, winningly to bear on every person in every commun- ity is within reach, if we all take hold of the job, each group in its own way, having merely eliminated cross- purposes and stimulated intensive ac- tion. State-wide, every-community
service is the goal, not only the shin- ing goal but the attainable goal. It rises clear above ecclesiastical petti- ness and at the same time transgresses none of the cherished denominational ideals and ways of working.
The study of the coming year will further bring us into a position of "Facing Our Unfinished Task in America." The book for adults will be "From Survey to Service" by Dr. Harlan Paul Douglass, the book for young people, "Playing Square with Tomorrow" by Fred Eastman and the junior book, "Stay-at-Home Jour- neys" by Mrs. Agnes Wilson Osborne.
AMERICA
A golden cup is in thy hand.
Thou holdest it at God's command,
America ! His cup of blessing not thine own. Thou may'st not quaff its sweet alone —
This cup of blessing sent through thee To thirsting, sad humanity. God keep thee to thy mission true. O fairest land the world e'er knew, America !
— Kate W. Hamilton.
CHAUTAUQUA
There was a registration of over one thousand at the Home Missions In- stitute conducted by the Council of Women for Home Missions in co- operation with the Chautauqua Insti- tution, at Chautauqua, N. Y., August 14-20, 1920, the tabulation showing registration from Africa, China, India, Japan, Siam, Turkey and Porto Rico, as well as from twenty-nine states and the District of Columbia. Thirty-one denominations were represented. The dates for the session to be held this year are August 13-19.
WEEKLY DEVOTIONAL SERVICE
Realizing dependence upon the Al- mighty for strength to perform our work, and desiring the oneness of spirit which comes from united com- munion with the Father, the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions in 1919
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inaugurated a short weekly informal prayer service at the noon hour on Thursdays. We invite our constitu- ency and friends to join with us week- ly, wherever they are at that hour, in thanksgiving, supplication and inter- cession.
As we together face the unknown future may we each be strengthened by the knowledge of the presence of the Lord Immanuel.
If a wren can cling To a spray a-swing In the mad May wind, And sing, and sing, As if he'd burst for joy. Why cannot I contented lie. In His quiet arms. Unmoved by life's annoy.
— Author unknown.
SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS
The interdenominational Schools of Missions, under the united leadership of representatives of women's or- ganizations of different denomina- tions, have for their purpose the as- sembling of women and young people of a state, or group of states, in a ten- day session for intensive study and recreation in some inviting location in city, mountains, or by the seashore. In the study of God's Word, of home and foreign missions, of the great is- sues of the day, of normal work in these or other lines, the women of these assemblies are brought nearer to the great truths of God and to a personal knowledge of Him. The at- tractiveness and joy of service as demonstrated in the sessions of these schools is a compelling appeal, the force of which we have scarcely yet comprehended. There are now seven- teen schools affiliated with the Coun- cil of Women.
Dates and Chairmen for 1921
Bay View. Michigan — No session
Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio.
Boulder, Colorado — No session
Mrs. Harry F. Hoffman, 2141 Vine St., Denver, Colorado. Dallas, Texas — September 19-24
Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, R. F. D. 10, Box 246, Dallas, Tex. De Land, Florida— January 23-30
Mrs. J. W. Harkness, De Land, Fla. East Northfield, Mass.— Julv 5-12
Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, 203 W. 85th Street, New York, N. Y. Houston, Texas — June 6-10
Mrs. Jake Armstrong, 1109 Anita Ave- nue, Houston, Texas. Illinois-Missouri — June 14-18
McKendree College, Lebanon, 111.
Mrs. J. D. Bragg, Webster Groves, Mo.
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin — August 20-30
Miss Frances Comee, 2969 Yernon Ave- nue, Chicago, 111. Los Angeles, California — May 29-June 4 Mrs. A. W. Rider, 612 St. Paul Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. Minnesota — June 1-7
Miss Alice Webb, 2300 Nicolett Ave- nue, Minneapolis, Minn. Mt. Hermon. California — July 9-16
Mrs. Charles C. Lombard, 2227 Seventh Avenue, E., Oakland, Cal. Mountain Lake Park, Marvland — August 1-7
Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. New Orleans, Louisiana
Mrs. C. F. Neibergall, 7936 Zimple Ave- nue, New Orleans. La. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma — In the Fall Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Okla. St. Petersburg, Florida — January 16-21
Mrs. A. J. Rich, 444 Fourth Street, St. Petersburg, Fla. Wilson College. Chambersburg. Pennsylva- nia— June 28-JuIy 5 Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. Winona Lake, Indiana — June 23-30
Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 132 North East Ave., Oak Park. 111.
O matchless honor, all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought That thou shouldst call us, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee ! To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man ; 'In trust,' with Christ's own word of grace
To every soul of human race.
— Author unknown.
NEWS FROM MANY LAND
NORTH AMERICA
Social and Religious Surveys
A SPECIAL Committee has been formed to carry forward some of the work started by the Interchurch World Movement in the line of social and religious surveys. This Commit- tee consists of Dr. John R. Mott, Prof. E. B. Burton and Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick. Dr. Charles R. Watson serves as Executive Secretary, giving a part. of his time until his return to Egypt. The office is at 111 Fifth Ave- nue, New York City. The Committee plans to preserve some of the religious survey material which was gathered by the Interchurch World Movement ; and to complete some of these surveys so that the information may be made available to missionary boards and Societies.
In looking about to discover the tasks most urgently requiring comple- tion, the Committee selected a limited area of country, town and city work. They have undertaken to carry for- ward the surveys in thirty typical counties, the completion of the St. Louis survey and the completion of the American Indian survey.
Church Unity at St. Louis
THE distinctive feature of the St. Louis Church Unity Conference, held February 2-4, was that for the first time all current movements of the kind were presented from the same platform. Six distinct union move- ments had a hearing : the Lambeth Appeal, the World Conference on Faith and Order, the American Coun- cil on Organic Union of Evangelical Protestants (otherwise known as the "Philadelphia Plan"), the World Al- liance for International Friendship through the Churches, the Universal Council of the Church of Christ and the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Discussion was open to the laity and clergy, and to both men and women.
New Rochefeller Gifts
THE Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society has an- nounced a conditional gift of $1,- 000.000 from the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Memorial Fund for the international campaign for financing Woman's Colleges in the Orient. The condition is that an additional $2,000,- 000 be raised by the Committee. The Fund is to be applied for new build- ings for the Woman's Union Colleges in Japan, China and India, which are supported by twelve cooperating mis- sion boards.
The six colleges and their separate needs are the Woman's Christian Col- lege of Japan in Tokyo, $610,000; Ginling College in Nanking, China, $790,000; Yenching College in Pe- king, China, $840,000; the Woman's Christian College in Madras, India, $200,000; Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India, $200,000; the Vel- lore (India) Woman's Medical Col- lege, $200,000. The Rockefeller Fund agrees to hold the offer open until January 1, 1923.
The General Education Board, founded by John D. Rockefeller, an- nounced on March 1st that it had authorized additional grants of $2,- 660,000 to colleges and universities, conditioned upon their raising supple- mental sums that would bring the total up to $8,600,000. Annual appro- priations amounting to $209,700 were made to Negro education.
Lepers Moved South
THE leper colony which has been maintained for thirteen years on Penikese Island, in Buzzards' Bay, Massachusetts, has been evacuated, and its thirteen members transferred to the newly established Federal Lep- rosarium at Carville, Louisiana. One additional sufferer was added to the thirteen at Bridgeport, Conn., and two at Richmond, Va. Better opportunity for care, and possible cure will be
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offered at Carville in revised experi- ments with chaulmugra oil.
School of Religious Education
A COMMUNITY School of Re- ligious Education has been organ- ized in New Bedford, Mass., and opened with an enrolment of 210. Nineteen denominations are repre- sented and some citizens are enrolled who are not on the membership of any church. The first term is the beginning of a three years' course, designed to meet the standards of the International Sunday School Associa- tion, but there is every encouragement for attendance without regard to working for a certificate. The man- agement of the school is in the hands of a small committee of laymen, in- cluding the president and secretary of the District Sunday-school Associa- tion, with one minister on the com- mittee.
Loving His Enemies
A STRIKING witness to the power of the Gospel among Pima Indians is shown in the life of Joseph Welling- ton, a full-blooded Pima at work among the Apaches of Arizona. With- in the memory of Joseph's mother the Pimas and Apaches were deadly enemies, and it is significant that one who was formerly a hated foe is now the bearer of "Good News." Joseph is a graduate of the Government In- dian School at Riverside, Cal., and of the Cook Bible School in Phoenix, Arizona.
Chicago Tract Society
THE thirty-first annual meeting of the Chicago Tract Society was held January 17th. Reports showed re- ceipts of $47,602.18 during the year. Special work has been carried on among the Poles, Lithuanians, Rus- sians, Greeks and Ukranians. Much was done to counteract the danger- ous propaganda of radicals and revo- lutionists. Thirty-two missionaries, speaking thirty-eight languages, were at work. Their activities included public meetings, prayer groups, home
visitation, and the distribution of re- ligious literature.
Prof. George L. Robinson, of Mc- Cormick Seminary, is President and Rev. G. W. Flack is the new Secre- tary, who takes the place of Dr. Tesse W. Brooks, who died July 21, 1920.
Hindu Missionary in California
THEODORE FIELDBRAVE is a young Hindu minister working under the American Baptist Home Mission Society, among his country- men in the Imperial Valley, California. He visits them at the ranches, inter- prets their contracts and leases and pleads the square deal for them on all occasions. His work is chiefly per- sonal, but when he preaches the Hin- dus come and listen with respectful attention.
The two groups of East Indian laborers with whom young Fieldbrave is working are Mohammedans and Sikhs — the former aggressively anti- Christian and always seeking an argu- ment, but many have been touched by the missionary's unfailing kindness. The Sikhs have an imposing temple in Stockton, and another under con- struction at Berkeley.
Mr. Fieldbrave has vividly con- trasted the four religions of- India in the following parable :
A man has fallen into a deep, dry well, the sides of which are smooth and perpendicular. Unaided there is no possible way of escape. Along comes Krishna, who says : "I am very sorry for you. But really, sir, you should not be unhappy. There is no such thing as a well or ground or smooth sides. Indeed there is nothing material ; all is spiritual. You are mistaken, there is nothing wrong with you. I am sorry, but I can do noth- ing."
Then comes Buddha. "I am sorry for you, but I cannot help you. You must work to save yourself. Even if not in this life, you have the hope that in the next life you will be born into a better and happier state."
Mohammed stops a moment. "Well, I am very sorry for you. But
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it is fate. You would not be in there if it were not to be that way. I can- not help you. If you are to be saved, you will be; if not, you must die there."
Christ comes. The blessed Saviour reaches down His hand and raises the man to the level ground, feeds, clothes, cares for him and saves him. He has a cure as well as compassion.
Mr. Fieldbrave received his degree of Master of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania.
CoE Hayne.
LATIN AMERICA
Caleb and Joshua Society
THIS is the name of a Christian Endeavor Society in Yucatan, whose members are collecting a li- brary. They have passed a resolution to the effect that each member must prove his loyalty and devotion by selling a Bible or a Testament to some one who knows not the Word of God.
Bible Day contributions from mis- sions in Mexico amounted to $450. The offerings came from sixty-eight churches, seven individuals, three Christian Endeavor Societies and one Sunday-school, located in twenty-one different states. The Sunday-school which made an offering is in Tam- pico and at their special service on Bible Day the superintendent of the school had arranged a large cartoon showing the Bible as the light in a lighthouse illuminating the whole world- Bible Society Record.
Contrasts in Peru
PERU has all the extremes of life and living conditions. One can sit on the seashore in the morning and by sundown of the same day be at an altitude of 16,000 feet above the sea, and behold fields of snow and ice in the still greater highlands. One can be in the flat desert along the coast where it has never rained and never will, but inland is a country of almost daily rainfall. In the great cathedrals in Lima thousands of people worship daily, priests never cease to chant their nasal, monotonous words of religious
ritual and rites ; while just around the corner one can find the rankest heathenism, where religion is almost a word unknown to their vocabulary.
The Peruvian wants American autos, American machinery, even aeroplanes. But the Peruvian does not want, apparently, to adopt Ameri- can ideals. He wants all the fruits of our civilization without paying the price.
There is a growing desire, however, for Protestant institutions and mis- sionary schools are filled to capacity.
Missionary News.
Testimony of the President of Chile
JUST before taking up the office of President of Chile in January, the Hon. Arturo Elessandri received a committee of Protestant missionaries who presented him with a copy of the Bible. The Hcraldo Cristiano of Santiago, reports him as making the following statement :
"I am a Christian. I believe in the teach- ings of Christ. I drink water from the pure fountain, but not from the muddy swamps ; I accept the wholesome doctrines of the Bible, but I reject the accretions of the Church of Rome.
"This book given me by you gentlemen shall not be separated from me ; it shall be my guide. I shall know how to value it at its true worth, and should Congress con- firm my election, once I am in the presi- dential office I shall labor unceasingly for genuine and complete liberty of conscience. I have taken notice of and hold in high esteem the cultural and moral work carried on by you Protestants throughout the re- public, and if I become President, the doors of the palace shall always be open to you that I may aid in any labors you undertake."
EUROPE
Foreign Mission Deputation
REPRESENTATIVES of the Church of Scotland and of the United Free Church are to be asso- ciated in a tour of investigation of their foreign missionary work, in or- der to make recommendations for determining future policies of recon- struction. The deputation first visit- ed Hungary, and then proceeded from Trieste to Egypt, Palestine and Syria. Together with representatives of the
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English and Irish Churches, and with mission workers of all denominations in the Xear East, they took part in a conference on missionary questions, held in Jerusalem at Easter, and also conferred with the authorities regard- ing the foundation of a Scottish Church and College in Jerusalem.
Life of Faith.
Alsace-Lorraine Today
THE Protestants of Alsace and Lor- raine number about 350,000 out of a population of two millions. In Al- sace, the proportion is about one Prot- estant to three Roman Catholics ; in Lorraine, the proportion is less. In Strasbourg Protestants and Roman Catholics are about equally divided. The Reformed and Lutheran Churches in Alsace and Lorraine, while quite separate in their organization, are practically one in doctrine, and are on the fullest terms of sympathy with each other. The ministers of both Churches are trained in one theological school, and one hymn book is used by the two Churches. A United Confer- ence of both organizations meets regu- larly, though this conference has no executive authority.
Protestantism in Alsace and Lor- raine stands greatly in need of help from fellow-Protestants. A large number of Protestants of German nationality have left the provinces, either of their own accord or under administrative decree. Pastors of German birth have also vacated their pulpits, and it is no easy matter to fill their places. Many Protestant churches and school buildings in the neighborhood of the Vosges have been badly damaged or entirely destroyed. To meet the present urgent need, wooden churches and schools are be- ing used, and the ministers are bravely doing what they can to sustain their people in difficult and discour- aging circumstances.
Evangelical Congress in Rome
THE first National Congress of all the Evangelical Churches of Italy has been held in Rome at the Royal
Philharmonic Academy. The open- ing session took place in the YVal- densian Temple, the nave of which resounded with Luther's hymn "A Mighty Fortress is our God."
Among the more important resolu- tions adopted was one advocating the complete separation of church and state, another proposing the unifica- tion of the educational interests of Protestantism in Italy into one great university, a third urging the estab- lishment of a union weekly paper to carry the point of view of Italian Protestantism into all Italy, — the pres- ent denominational papers being pub- lished as monthly bulletins in the joint organ.
Record of Christian Work.
Czecho-Slovak National Church
AS FAR back as the middle of Sep- tember last the enrolled member- ship of the Czecho-Slovak National Church had reached 360,000, headed by eighty priests. The average of ad- ditions is about a thousand a week. Entire villages have abandoned Rome, as in the old days of the German Reformation. In some cases, on the other hand, Romanists use the vil- lage church at certain hours, and Nationalists at others. In Prague there are 25,000 who have broken away, and the mayor of the city gives them the use of St. Michael's Church. The services here are far better at- tended than any Romanist service in the city. Father Zahradnik, the lead- er of the movement, is an author of widely used devotional books. The government of Czecho-Slovakia has consented to allow all editions of the Scriptures to be imported into the country free of customs duties.
Record of Christian Work.
MOSLEM LANDS
Bible Distribution in Palestine
MR. ARCHIBALD FORDER, who has been developing the work of Gospel distribution in the Holy Land, writes that men are now at work in Jerusalem, Haifa, Naza- reth, Jaffa and the hill country of
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Ephraim. There is also a small book depot at Beersheba in charge of resi- dent missionaries. The work is largely among Moslems in the Eph- raim villages, illiterate people for the most part and not many books can be sold, but opportunities for religious services are ample. The depot at Beersheba will reach Gaza and Bed- ouin from the south.
A Moslem resident of Haifa called the colporteur and asked :
"What books are you selling, let me see?" He examined several books and bought them. Some days later he asked for more books, telling the col- porteur, "If all Protestant books are like yours, I want to read them, for they are good ; I never thought that Christian books were like the ones you sell."
Gentile colporteurs seem to be more successful with Jews than one of their own race. Colporteurs report opposi- tion not so much from Jews or Mos- lems, but from the Roman Catholics, who try to poison the minds of the people against the books, and where they have the power they prohibit their people from buying literature.
"Blessed Be Egypt."
Sunday-schools in the Near East
REV. GEORGE H. SCHERER of Beirut recently made a survey of Sunday-school work in Syria and Palestine, and reported to the United Missionary Conference at Beirut that no mission has been able to resume pre-war functions in a normal way, and several have as yet not been able to open a Sunday-school. The World's Sunday School Association has been invited to aid in meeting the needs and Mr. Scherer is rendering valuable cooperation. Arabic Sunday- school literature, prepared in Cairo, has been sent to Mr. Scherer and numerous books in English which form the basis for a teachers' library. A special grant of money to be used for literature has been made by the World's Sunday School Association.
Here and there are bright spots that are most encouraging. A little school
in the desert east of Damascus, at Nohk, was continued during the entire period of the war by two blind teach- ers, without missing a Sunday.
A school with an enrolment of 110 has been built up at Batrum without the aid of a day school or a Protestant community.
"Y" Adopted hy Turks
THE Turks have taken up the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, and members are now playing football in the old court of the Janis- saries, and the square in front of St. Sophia's in Constantinople is a Y. M. C. A. playground, with the sanction of the Turkish government. It has all come about through a boy's camp, established on the estate of a Turkish official on the banks of the Bosphorus, where Protestant, Catholic. Greek, Russian and Turkish boys were given outings in turn.
Talaat Pasha Assassinated
TALAAT PASHA, former Grand Vizier of Turkey, and one of the three leaders of the "Young Turk Movement" was assassinated in Ber- lin on March 15th, by an Armenian student, who was intent upon aveng- ing the massacres of his compatriots. Talaat's name was on the Allies' list of Turkish war criminals, and he had been living as a fugitive, first in Switzerland and later in Germany.
Mr. Henry Morgenthau who had extensive dealings with Talaat while ambassador to Turkey and probably knew him better than any other Amer- ican, affirms that Talaat was re- sponsible for the Armenian outrages. An unsuccessful attempt was made to assassinate him early in 1915.
Niconiedia Church Dedicated
THE dedication of the Armenian Protestant Church of Nicomedia took place on Sunday, January 30th. The self-denying, enthusiasm of this congregation deserves every praise. During the dark days of 1915 they were nearly all deported. Being Prot- estants they were not sent far and
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practically all returned, but having lost most of their possessions.
The walls and roof of a new church were practically completed when the war broke out. On their return they undertook to complete the basement for school and church purposes, and will postpone further completion until financially in better condition.
INDIA
New Organization for Women
THE organization of a Christian Women's Association is reported from Madura, the object being:
1. To enlist every Christian woman as a personal witness and worker for Christ.
2. To make known the unsearchable riches of Christ to the women and chil- dren of India, and to try to win them to faith and obedience.
3. To seek, by any means in its power, the social and spiritual uplift of Christian and Hindu alike ; and to render service to all in the spirit of Christ.
Three hundred and sixty women have signed active membership cards.
Dnyanodaya.
Among the Criminal Tribes
CRIMINAL tribes of India differ so widely that an experienced po- lice officer can usually say by what tribe a certain crime has been com- mitted. Kaikadis are housebreakers, Ghantikors steal passengers' luggage on the railway, Haranshikaris steal grain from standing crops, while others pass false coin, and so on.
Under the Criminal Tribes Act, troublesome groups reported by the police are sent to a settlement and made to live in a compound enclosed by barbed wire, the chief difference from a jail being that whole families are taken in. After a year or two, those who are well behaved are al- lowed partial exemption. Settlers are free to take up any work at will out- side the settlement, but must be in their enclosure between 8 P. M. and 6 A. M. There are now more than 10,000 members of criminal tribes in the settlements of Bombay Presi- dency. Some are managed by Chris- tian missions and others directly by the government.
Education is compulsory for all
children, and great efforts are made to teach the younger generation a skilled trade. Often members of a criminal tribe apply for admission to a settlement, as they can thereby se- cure a regular income.
SIAM AND LAOS
U. S. Gives Up Extraterritoriality
EXTRATERRITORIAL privileges enjoyed by citizens of the United States in Siam have been surrendered by terms of a protocol attached to a new commercial and navigation treaty, ratified by the state department and by the Siamese minister to the United States. The treaty grants full autono- my to Siam in so far as the United States is concerned. In general the missionaries in the country (Ameri- can Presbyterian) have approved Siamese efforts to do away with extra- territorial privileges, while American business interests until recently have preferred to have them continued.
France and Great Britain abolished their extraterritorial privileges several years ago, reserving, however, the privilege of having their judges sit with and advise Siamese judges in cases where citizens or subjects of those nations were concerned.
Temperance in Siam
64TOHN BARLEYCORN" is not J alone on the black list in Siam. Opium, Indian hemp, tobacco and the fruit of the betel tree are also included. Not long ago the Christian Endeavor Society of the Petchaburi School held a temperance meeting which had been well advertised for several weeks in advance, and there was a full attend- ance. The girls from the girls' school had made crocheted badges in red, white and blue — -white for alcohol, opium and Indian hemp, red for betel- chewing, and blue for smoking — and these badges were pinned on the boys who signed. The lads were very proud to wear them, and each was eager to have the right to wear at least one color. A popular hymn sung dur- ing the meeting was, "Have Courage, My Boy, to Say 'No.' "
The Continent.
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CHINA
The Canton Hospital Anniversary
THE Canton Hospital, or as it is called in Chinese, the Pok Tsai Ye Uen (Hospital of Diffusive Benevo- lence), was founded in 1835 by the foreign merchants of Canton in con- junction with missionaries of all Prot- estant denominations at work in South China. It has always been a union and interdenominational institution. During the first twenty years the Hos- pital was housed in a building loaned by a Chinese merchant.
The first surgeon to the Canton Hospital was Dr. Peter Parker, a graduate of Yale University. He was succeeded by Dr. John G. Kerr, who for forty-five years developed the in- stitution and its associated activities. Modern medical science in all its phases was introduced into eastern Asia at the Canton Hospital, including medical education, the training of hos- pital assistants, the translation and publication of scientific medical text- books in the Chinese language. Dur- ing the past eighty-four years over two million patients have been treated in the Canton Hospitals and its dis- pensaries.
In order to commemorate the eighty-fifth anniversary of the found- ing of the Hospital, and to keep pace with rapidly changing conditions in the Orient, the directors and staff hope to be able to erect new buildings more suitahly equipped to meet China's present needs.
J. Oscar Thompson.
School for Deacons and Elders
A GOOD plan has been inaugurated in China. From January 5th to February 5th a class for deacons and elders was held in Shantung, with a full program for each day. Much hard work was spent upon church law and procedure, the key messages of the Bible and the outstanding teach- ings of Jesus. Twice a day, in the middle of the forenoon and of the afternoon, the school was given over to calisthenics — even the older men, who had never before heard of such a
thing, entering in with zest. To this was added the diversion of walking around the city wall — ten li (three and one-half miles) in forty-five minutes.
After a final communion service the delegates and the four pastors in at- tendance left to take up their work with new vigor.
Newspaper Publicity
A MISSIONARY in Nanking wrote an article on the use of the Phonetic System, incidentally includ- ing a considerable amount of Chris- tian teaching, and sent it to a non- Christian paper. The editor not only accepted it but sent the article to other papers, and eventually it appeared in some fifty periodicals. The matter did not end there. One of the editors came to the missionary when in Ru- ling and said, "I went to Nanking to see you, but hearing you were in Kil- ling, I came up the hill, because I want to know whether Christianity can really save China. I am anxious to know more about this Jesus whom you say is the only hope of China." The outcome was that the editor agreed to publish all the Christian articles sent.
Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions
A SYMPOSIUM on "The Aim of Christian Missions in China," pub- lished in the Chinese Recorder for December called forth the following answers from Chinese Christian lead- ers :
"(1) To secure spiritual, educated and able missionaries; (2) to train native leaders up to the level of mis- sionaries in trust, position, authority, remuneration and responsibility; (3) to raise the moral character of all the Christians in China, socializing their thinking and activities; (4) to evan- gelize the educated and influential people who are reshaping the thought life and determining the character of the Chinese nation."
"To develop an indigenous Chinese Church ... (1) By presenting to the Chinese people the real Gospel of Christ and not its Western traditions.
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ceremonies, or even creeds; (2) by bringing the best type of Western Christian leadership in close contact with the Chinese Church ; (3) by training strong and adequate Chinese leadership for the Chinese Church ; (4) by uniting all mission forces in common action to win China for Christ."
JAPAN
First Census Completed
THE Japanese Government has completed the taking of the first census of Japan proper, Korea, For- mosa and Saghalien. The total popu- lation for Japan proper is given as 55.961,140, but for the whole empire, embracing Korea, Formosa and Sag- halien. the population is given as 77,- 005.112 (smaller than was estimated). The distribution of the population is as follows :
Tapan proper 55,961,140
Korea 17,284,207
Formosa 3,654,000
Saghalien 105,765
Total 77,005,112
Tokyo, the capital, was supposed to approach 3,000,000 in population, but the census shows only 2,173,162. The next largest city is Osaka, with a popu- lation of 1,252,972, followed bv Kobe, with 608,268; Kyoto, with 591.305; Xagoya, with 429.990; while Yoko- hama, which was always thought to be larger than Kobe, has only 422.942. Eight other cities have more than 100.000.
This first census was not easily achieved in a thoroughly modern way. Many were afraid to answer the ques- tions, looking on the affair as a new kind of police inquisition. Many were living under false names on account of feuds and there were husbands hiding from their wives. To arouse enthusiasm, and to urge everybody to fill in their census papers honestly (whatever items they had hitherto supplied to the police), the trams were decorated with appropriate mot- toes, school children marched through the town singing, speeches were made
in the streets, and even geisha were employed to dance in the public roads, some of which were specially illumi- nated.
Prepared for the Truth
MRS. F. S. CURTIS, a missionary of long experience in Japan and in Korea, relates how the way is open for acceptance of the Gospel in the instance of a young Japanese girl who came one day to a Christian service in Korea. "You are a Christian, are you not?" said Mrs. Curtis, judging by her countenance. "Oh, no," she replied, ''but I have just been waiting for the gospel to be preached here." She had heard in Sabbath-school in Japan, of a God in heaven who forgives sins, and it had been her habit, when she feared she had done wrong, to ask forgive- ness, after which she would find peace, and so the Sabbath-school im- presses those who for many years hear nothing more. She became a very earnest Christian, and started a Sab- bath-school herself.
Centenary Response in Japan
JAPANESE Methodists have re- sponded generously to the Cente- nary call. Their per capita giving is proportionately greater than that of the Church in America, averaging $5.12 per member per year for the three year period. At the same time, there have been generous contribu- tions for local church needs, not in- cluded in Centenary pledges. One man who 'pledged 7,000 yen for the Centenary gave 8,000 yen toward a local church building. The average pastor's salary is $30 a month, and the highest does not exceed $1,500 a year. Instances of this kind answer doubters who aver that all Asiatic converts are "rice Christians."
Y. W. C. A. Activities
ALTHOUGH the Young Women's Christian Association has not been established in Japan more than twenty years, its constructive work shows far- reaching results. Largely through Association guidance, Japanese worn-
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en are attacking emigration and hous- ing problems, and are taking on community responsibility.
Twenty-nine student Associations, chiefly in connection with mission schools, are actively at work, and most of them support, or assist in sup- porting Sunday-schools. The Young IV omen of Japan is the official organ of the Association, edited by Japa- nese women. It includes Bible studies, one English page and life stories of Christian women.. The Far East.
Opposition Overcome
ARCHDEACON BATCHELOR, of Sapporo relates in the C. M. S. Gleaner that among the converts he baptized last year was a young man whose father, an active Buddhist, be- gan to persecute his son. He threat- ened to disinherit him and turn him out of his house unless he recanted at once, and destroyed all his Christian books. As the young man refused, further pressure was brought to bear on him by the members of his family and the temple priests. After ten days the poor fellow was prevailed upon to tear up his Bible, Prayer Book, and hymn book. When doing this he came upon a copy of the "Pilgrim's Prog- ress," which had been lent to him by a young doctor's assistant who was the means of his conversion. This not being his own book he dared not de- stroy it, but instead, sat down and read it. While doing so a great fear came over him, and he bitterly repent- ed the step he had taken. He rushed off to his friend with the book and spent the night with him, returning to his home the next morning with a new Bible and other books. He ex- pected to meet with fresh opposition, but to his surprise nothing was said, and he has been left alone ever since. He is deeply respected by all — the father and priests included.
Prayer Meeting "Extra"
DURING a snowstorm in Mae- bashi last winter newsboys rushed through the streets calling an "Ex- tra." Those who bought a copy read
the following evidence of a church awake and at work :
"When man becomes a recluse he is doomed ! ! Out with ye this night to the Prayer Meeting ! More interesting by far than the falling snow is this Prayer Meeting to be ! ! Make the Prayer Meeting a success this year beyond our dreams ! A successful Prayer Meeting is a sign of our spiritual life ! The prayer-less heart is a sad cold heart indeed ! ! Come ye hesitant and faltering — the stove is red hot and the Pastor, his wife and mother are all waiting with warm hearts to welcome you ! !" Japan Mission News.
The Church at Masanpo
THE Christian Church in Masanpo, Japan's naval base in Korea, had its beginning seventeen years ago when a Korean doctor yielded to his aged mother's plea and accepted Christ. A beautiful stone church, one of the finest in all Korea, capable of seating almost 1,000 people, stands in a prominent site as a witness to his earnest and sacrificial effort.
In addition to Sunday services and regular Sunday-school in the morn- ing, the church maintains several ex- tension Sunday-schools in the after- noon. There are week night schools for girls and English night schools for young men. A kindergarten is at- tended by one hundred children. Rev. Pak Chung Chan is the present pas- tor, who made himself famous by a brief address at the Tokyo Sunday School Convention.
Korea Mission Field.
AFRICA
Changing Native Customs
ONE hundred and fifty Negro Congregational churches in America pledged the support of a Mission station in West Africa, and Rev. H. C. McDowell, a Negro pastor of Chattanooga, Tenn., was the first missionary to be appointed. Mr. McDowell sends an account of a na- tive Conference at a camp on the Ku- kema River, following the annual meeting of the mission. There were 1,043 in attendance.
1921]
NEWS FROM MANY LANDS
417
The findings of the Conference show the power of Christianity to lift the people. One of the most far-reaching was with reference to the disposition of a husband's house and goods at death. The custom of the land is that house, goods, wife, children, every- thing goes to the brother. The wife becomes another wife of the brother; the children become virtual slaves. These Christians promised, in sight of God and in the presence of their teachers, that at death, house and goods should be left to wife and chil- dren, the brother receiving only a gift. This is a long step forward. They promised to tithe and to endeavor to support their teachers and evangelists, and also to send evangelists to far- away tribes. Many tithe who have incomes of less than eight dollars per year.
Other decisions reached by the Con- ference were that it is perfectly proper to eat with one's mother-in-law, no ill feeling to be engendered thereby. One who snuffs or smokes becomes in- eligible to remain in good fellowship.
A man should not expect his wife to do all the work in the field and look after the children, besides get- ting the firewood and cooking the food.
The Churches and Relief
OVER $3,000,000 has been given to starving Chinese by American churches, and they will continue to give as long as the need continues. Not less than a million people living in the Near East today would have perished had it not been for the practical Chris- tianity of America.
Since the outbreak of the war the American people have contributed to Armenian, Syrian and other relief in the Near East more than $45,000,000, and the money has come for the most part directly from the churches.
Native Hospital Workers at Luebo
THE policy of not doing what a native can be taught to do has been followed by the hospital staff at Luebo, with gratifying results. With the ex- ception of annual reports all records are in the hands of native assistants.
A native who has been with the staff over five years is in charge of native nurses, one trained nurse always be- ing assigned to work with a new pu- pil. AH the minor surgical work is done by boy assistants, who do their own sterilizing and anaesthetizing. The older boys do much of the micro- scopic work.
The evangelistic work is in charge of a well trained catechist, and some of the boys always accompany the evan- gelist on itineraries.
OBITUARY Dr. McLaughlin of Buenos Aires
REV. WILLIAM PATTERSON Mclaughlin, d.d., pastor of
the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Buenos Aires, known in Argentina as "The American Church," died on February 18th. Dr. McLaughlin was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, August 27, 1849, and was a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University and the Boston University Theological School. Dr. McLaughlin sailed for South Amer- ica in 1892, and served the American Church for a period of twenty-nine years. He was indefatigable in build- ing the church into the heart and life of the capital, and in making it a fountain from which missionary effort has flowed through the years. This church has the largest Sunday- school in South America.
Dr. Halsey of New York
DR. ABRAM WOODRUFF HAL- SEY, one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions since 1899, died after a brief illness at his home in New York City on April 20. Dr. Halsey was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, March 22, 1853. He graduated from Princeton College in 1879 an<^ from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1882, and for the seventeen years following he was pastor of the Spring Street Presybte- rian Church in New York City. Dr. Halsey was a member of the same class with Ex-President Wilson, and had been president of his class ever since his graduation. He was also a Direc- tor of Robert College, Constantinople.
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The New Jerusalem. By Gilbert K. Ches- terton. 8vo. 307 pp. $3.00 net. George H. Doran Company, New York. 1921. Jerusalem and the Holy Land are favorite themes for pilgrims, archae- ologists and Bible students. Perhaps the most unique of the volumes deal- ing with the subject are Mark Twain's "Innocents Abroad" and Chesterton's "The New Jerusalem." The former has the inevitable vein of humor running through a very in- forming and readable travelogue ; the latter is a discursive narrative, full of paradoxes, Chestertonian humor and much useful information on many subjects,
Mr. Chesterton is not only a drama- tist, a humorist and a master of para- dox, but he is a thinker and a religious philosopher. In his recent visit to the Holy Land he noted the transforma- tions being brought about by British occupation, and naturally philoso- phizes on the mediaeval crusades, the former rulers, and the effect of the present effort to make Palestine a home for the Jews without injustice to their Gentile neighbors.
Any journey with Mr. Chesterton would be instructive and stimulating. His present volume gives a clearer in- sight into G. K. C.'s sanctum sanc- torum than it does into the sacred places and associations of the Holy Land. There are numberless interest- ing dissertations on Bolshevism, so- cialism, the labor problem, the British position in Egypt (in which he sees a paradox), Moslems and Zionism, chivalry and the crusaders, Christian- ity and criticism, mysticism and the supernatural. This modern seer looks beyond the ruined, sordid and tawdry externals to see the hidden meaning of it all. The result is not a guide book, not a history, not an interpretation of Biblical associations, nor a travelogue, but it is a volume of Mr. Chesterton's own observations, called forth by his interesting pilgrimage from old Eng-
land to the "new Jerusalem" as it is developing under British rule.
Protestant Missionary Directory for India, 1920. Compiled by James Inglis, Scottish Mission Industries Company, Ltd., Ajmer, Rajputana, India. The twelfth edition of this useful directory lists 147 Protestant mission- ary agencies, with some 4,600 mission- aries. No complete statistics for India are published, but this volume gives the names and addresses of all socie- ties, stations and foreign missionary workers.
One noticeable thing is the number of Protestant societies at work in some stations. Ahmadabad has 14, Allahabad has 20, Bangalore 25, Bom- bay 35, Calcutta 48, Colomba 24, Jabalpur 20, Lahore 30, Madras 40, Poona 20 and Travancore 15. The largest missions are the C. M. S., the American Methodist and the Ameri- can Presbyterian (North). The Sal- vation Army has 3,116 workers in India — an increase of 1,055 in the past ten years. They have 346 stations and 587 outposts. Their day schools number 133, with 7,863 children and their 57 social institutions report 10,562 inmates.
The mission printing presses in India number 33, conducted by 23 so- cieties. It seems that some union might be effected here. There are listed 43 mission colleges and 100 in- dustrial schools. A new form of mis- sion institution is the cooperative society and bank. The first was started ten years ago ; now there are over 50.
Pandita Ramabai's Mukti Mission reports eighteen workers and a total Christian community of 750 at Kedgaon, Poona District. We do not understand why the Arabian Mission is included with India, Burma and Ceylon, or why Madras Christian Col- lege for Women is omitted.
The India Sunday School Union reports 18,384 teachers and 505.144
1921]
THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY
419
pupils. There were 275,000,000 pages of vernacular Sunday-school litera- ture published last year.
One of the notable changes since the war is that there are no Basel, Leipsic or other German societies listed.
A Star in the East. Bv Rev. Edward N. Harris. Illus. 12mo. 223 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1920. The Karens of Burma have a re- markable history. Their traditions seem to show that they came from the northwest across "a river of sand" and settled in Burma where they have been oppressed by the Burmese rulers. Their spiritual history is especially re- markable, for their religious traditions have kept alive a knowledge of God. These traditions teach that God created heaven and earth, the sun, moon and stars ; finally He created man from the earth and woman from the side of man. They reveal the love of God. the gift of life, the fall of man through temptation to eat of the for- bidden fruit in the garden and the pen- alty of death because of sin. Their name for God is K'sah Y'wah, similar to the Hebrew "Yahve." These tra- ditions and the expectation of a com- ing Revealer of God prepared the way for the message of the Christian mis- sionaries.
The Karens are generally mild, peaceable, truthful, affectionate and industrious. Their chief fault is drunkenness.
The Baptist missions in Burma were founded over one hundred years ago by Dr. Adoniram Judson. The work met with remarkable success and several early converts became power- ful apostles to their people. A strong Christian Church has been built up, and the history of the work is inter- estingly given by Mr. Harris, a Bap- tist missionary. He gives us a very clear idea of the needs and difficulties of pioneer work and the results of faithful preaching. He closes with a call for reinforcements.
'The Star in the East" is the har- binger of dawn for Asia.
NEW BOOKS
After Forty Years: The Story of the First B. M. S. Embassy to the Congo. 2s. 6d. Carey Press, London. 1920
The Education of Girls in China. By
Ida Belle Lewis. 92 pp. Cloth, $1.60; paper, $1.20. Teachers' College, Colum- bia University. New York City. 1919.
An Inquiry into Scientific Efficiency of Mission Hospitals in China. 40 pp.
Medical Missionary Association, Peking.
Chance and Change in China. By A. S.
Roe. 283 pp. 12s. 6d. Heinemann. London. 1920.
The Leper Problem in India. Confer- ence Report. 158 pp. Orissa Mission Press. India. 1920.
Marvelous Mesopotamia. The World's Wonderland. By Joseph T. Parfit. 259 pp. 6s. net. Partridge, London. 1920.
The Rebuke of Islam. By W. H. T.
Gairdner. 248 pp. 3s. net. U. C. M. E. London. 1920.
Persian Pie. By Bishop Linton and others. 64 pp. 2s. Church Missionary Society. London. 1921.
Russia in the Shadows. By H. G. Wells. 179 pp. $1.50 net. Doran & Co. New York. 1921.
The Myth of the Jewish Menace in World Affairs. By Lucien Wolf. 53 pp. 50 cents. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1921.
Immigration and the Future. By Frances Kellor. 275 pp. $2.00 net. George H. Doran. New York. 1920.
The Problem of Christian Unity. By
Robert E. Speer and others. 127 pp. $1.75. Macmillan Co. New York. 1921.
A Greatheart of the South. John T. An- derson. By Gordon Poteat. 123 pp. $1.50 net. George Doran. New York. 1920.
The Vision We Forget. By P. Whitwell Wilson. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1921.
The Home With the Open Door. Mary Schauffler Piatt. 16mo. 61 pp. $0.75. Student Volunteer Movement. 25 Madi- son Ave., New York. 1921.
James Stokes — Pioneer. 8vo. 235 pp. Association Press. 1921.
Laborers Together. Margaret M. Lack- ey. 126 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Company. 1921.
420
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MISSIONARY PERSONALS
Mr. Robert P. Wilder, Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement, has gone to southeastern Europe to conduct evangelistic work among the students, beginning with the last week of March and continuing un- til June 1st.
* * *
Miss Margaret Slattery has returned from her world trip by way of France and England. Her general impression is that the world situation is a critical one, and re- affirms her conviction that the Gospel of Christ is the only hope for all lands.
* * *
Mr. J. H. Oldham, o* London, . out- standing international leader in missionary work, has been visiting America to gain first hand information in regard to Mis- sion Boards of the United States and Can- ada, in connection with the reorganization of an International Missionary Committee.
* * *
Bishop Y. Hiraiwa of the Japanese Methodist Church has been spending sev- eral months in the United States, and has assisted in an extended evangelistic cam- paign among the Japanese of California.
Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith, D.D., has resigned from the office of Corresponding Secretary of the American Board, and ex- pects to return to Seattle.
Rev. J. H. Ritson, D.D., of the British and Foreign Bible Society, recently made a three weeks' visit to Canada to attend con- ferences of the Society in various centers of the Dominion.
* * *
Dr. W. E. Biederwolf has conducted an important evangelistic campaign among the students of Japan, particularly of the Im- perial University. He plans to conduct a more extensive campaign during the year in Australia, China, Japan and Korea.
* * *
Professor Edward E. Steiner, sociolo- gist and author of Grinnell College, Iowa, is visiting the areas covered by the Ameri- can Friends' Relief Committee in Germany, Austria, Poland and Serbia, for the pur- pose of investigation and report.
* * *
Rev. A. Kakuda, who is taking post- graduate work at Princeton Theological Seminary, was a Buddhist priest and comes from a line of priests extending back a thousand years.
* * *
Mr. Willard Price, former editor of the World Outlook, is now scenario editor of the International Church Film Corporation of New York City.
* * *
William, Alexander, Henry and Thomas Yuan, sons of Yuan Shih Kai, first President of China, and Charles Yuan a grandson, are students at Middlebury, Vermont. The boys range from seven- teen to twelve years in age.
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