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(* COT 5 1922 *
THE MISSIONA^Si^:/ REVIEW OF THE WORLD
Vol. XLIV Old Series Vol. XXXIV New Series
Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911
REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.
JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1921
EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR
EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES
Mrs. H. W. Peaeody Mrs. E. C. Cronk
Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department
Florence E. Quinlan Woman's Home Mission Bulletin
EDITORIAL COUNCIL
Rev. Alfred Williams Anthony, D.D. Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D.
Rev. Enoch F. Bell Florence E. Quinlan
Franklin D. Cogswell Rev. Wm. P. Schell
Rev. W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Taylor
Rev. S. G. Inman Fennell P. Turner
Mrs. Orjrin R. Judd Rev. Charles L. White, D.D.
Rev. Ralph Welles Keeler, D.D. Rev. Robert P. Whder
Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D.
Rev. Artley B. Parson
Copyrighted, 1921 — Published by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc. Third and Reily Streets, HARRISBURG, PA., and 156 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK
Board of Directors
Robert E. Speer, President Mrs. E. C. Cronk
Frank L. Brown, Vice-President Harlan P. Beach
Walter McDougall, Treasurer Mrs. Henry W. Peabody
Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Fleming H. Revell
W. I. Chamberlain Dickinson W. Richards
Frederick L. Colver
I
CONTENTS OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
Each year the REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).
INDEX FOR 1921
MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS
Page
Christmas Star, How to Make 879
— Tree, Window 878
Distribution of Membership — Downtown
Churches 771
Diagram for Making Circle 959
— Protestant and Catholic Churches, Spring-
field, Mass 773
Family Worship Chart, Korean 531
Famine in China, Extent of 349
Korean Family Worship Chart 531
Lutheran Quadricentenary Poster 270
MONGOLIA, Map of 615
Prayer Chart, Chinese, Women's 557
Posters for Missionary Meetings 956, 961, 902
SUDAN, North Africa 435
— Compared with Europe 436
Southern Highland Region 945
Suburban Residents, City Church Attraction
of 771
Suggestion for Alphabet and Invitations 966
TURKEY According to the Recent Treaties .. 106
PHOTOGRAPHIC
ABYSSINIA, Prince Lidj Yassu 185
— State Procession in 174
Abyssinian Church, Archbishop of 189
— Church of St. George 187
AFRICA, Arnot's Carriers Crossing River ... 357
— Christian Family in South 849
— General Missionary Conference in South .. 847
— Heathen Family in South 843
Alexander, Charles M 219
American Citizen in Embryo 779
Arab Dov Playing with Bird 837
— Girl, Young 835
— Shopkeeper, Small 839
Arabian Town, Street Scene in 824
Armenian Pastors in Cilicia, Surviving 744
Arnot, Frederick S 355
Heggar on the Mount, Typical 119
BEIRUT, American University of 193
Bible Teachers' Training School, New York . 303
Bliss, Daniel 195
BRAZIL, Girls' School at Piracicaba 385
Buddhist High Priest of Tibet 609
BURMA, Demon Altars in 621
— Great Shive Dragon Pagoda 273
— Harvesting Riee in 6'7
— Plowing in 625
— School of American Mission Rangoon 271
— Sugar Cane in 629
— Transformed Village in 619
Burmese Oil Mill 6?3
— Plow 623
CAMBODIA, Capital of 123
Cambodian Performing His Devotions 126
Cambodians Live, Houses in Which 194
— Racing Boat of 125
CHINA. Temples and Shrines on Holy Mount 118
— War God of the Temple 119
Chinese Presbyterian Church in San Fran- cisco 137
— Students at Christian Conference 88
Christ and the World's Children 55
Christian Village, Hopi Indian 289
Christmas Tree for All Nations 873
— Village in Cathedral School 876
City District, Mission Building 767
ILLUSTRATIONS
COLOMBIA, Presbyterian Mission in Medellin 389
Dixon Mission School for Mexicans 364
ELLIS ISLAND, Gateway to America 775
— Registration Room 777
Fisk Seminary, Persian Girls in 20
Gardiner, Bishop T. M 588
Ginling College, Open Air Class Room 867
Halsey, Abram W 504
— Dr. at Conference in Mexico 515
— Dr. in West Africa 519
HA.YASHI, Utako, Japanese W. C. T. U 380
Highland Schoolhouse Used as Church 949
Hindu Temple, San Francisco 281
Hopi Indian Christian Village ?89
— Indians at Keam's Canon 291
— Indians in Pueblo Home 287
— Pueblo in Arizona 285
Idol in Chinese Temple, Portland, Oregon ... 135
Immigrants, Family of Dutch 781
INDIA, Class at Isabella Thoburn College ... 868
— Mission Compound in Tinnevelly 931
— Three Wanted Children of 9D6, 929
— William Miller Building. Miraj Hospital . 277 Indian Christians at Keam's Canon, Hopi ... 291
— Girls at Sherman Institute 537
— Interpreters, Sherman Institute 540
Indians in Pueblo Home, Hopi 287
International Missionary Union 697
JAPAN, Wind Devil 664
Japanese Girls Drilling 865
— Kindergarten in America 381
— Mission in California 88
— Mission Kindergarten, Los Angeles 133
— Notice Prohibiting Christianity 374
— Tea House 675
— Y. M. C. A. Reading Room, California .... 383
Kan En Vong of China 476
Kawaii, Mirhiko, of Japanese Y. W. C. A. .. 378
Khanto Bala Rai of Bengal 475
Kindergarten for Japanese in America 384
Kolatorova, Madame of Prague 476
KOREA, Bible Conference in 5?9
— Gathering of Christians in 6S5
— Worship as Taught in 532
Korean Family Reading Bible 687
—Plague Destroyers, Wayside Images of 686
Ill
— Village, Street In 689
Loggers and Big Redwood Tree 601
Logging Camp, Dinner in 596
Lumber Camp in California 595
— Jack Hotel 603
Madras Students Teaching Children 869
Manoramabai 861
Ma Saw Sa of Burma 475
McLean, Archibald 693
Mexicans in New Mexico — School for 365
— in Y. M. C. A. Camp in U. S 361
Mountain Store in South 951
MIRAJ. Class of Indian Nurses 280
— Medical School, Teachers and Students . . . 279
Mongolian at Home 613
Moravian Sunday-School, Santo Domingo ... 50
Mormon Temple, Salt Lake City 21
Moslem Festival Parade, Detroit 787
— Magazine, Cover of American 791
Mosque at Detroit, Moslem 789
Nagao, Hampei 375
Nandamah, Dr. of South India 475
Navajo Y. M. C. A 541
— Y. W. C. A. Cabinet 539
Nitobe, Dr. Inazo 679
Nurses in Miraj Hospital, Class of 280
Orientals in America, Christian Influence on 88
Peking Union Medical College 925, 926, 927
PERSIA, Protestant Preacher in 17
— Village of Zushk 761
Persian Girl, A Rescued 18
— Mountain Girls in Fisk Seminary 20
— Refugees Seeking Missionary Help 12
— Village of Kang 763
Pilgrim Climbers to Holy Mount 117
Pilgrimage Mount, Missionaries and Evan- gelists Jogging Toward 120
Porto Rican Sunday-School 211
PORTO RICO,' Evangelical Seminary of 209
— Hon. Emile del Toro Cuebas 212
— Old Rum Shop in 207
— Typical Sunday-School in 210
— Y. M. C. A., San Juan 213
Allen, E. T .13
Anthony, Alfred Wms 509, 595
Atkinson, Henry A 66
Avison, O. R 40
Barton, James L 31
Beach, H. P 543
Beets, Henry 393
Blair, W. N 528
Boggs, S. W 107
Boggs, A. M 766
Bradley, Maude E „. 964
Brown, Frank L 53
Browning, Webster E 385, 9T7
Butler, Clementina 859
Buxton, Travers 853
Cady, George L 400
Calverley, Eleanor T 835
Carmichael. Amy Wilson 9?9
Case, Brayton C 619
Cronk, Mrs. E. C.
56, 145, 225, 311, 477, 552, 633, 711, 797, 872, 9^7
Currier, Raymond P 271
Donaldson, Dwight M 761
Doughty, W. E 60
Drach, George 391
Drury, Clifford M 281
Drury, Philo W 207
Dunkelberger, Stella C 139
Eakin, J. A 368
Eddv, Sherwood 101
Eleazer, Robert B 468
Farmer, Mrs. Wm. H 14, 319
Faunce, W. H. P 25
Fereuson, Mrs. John 405
Fereuson, W. L 34
Fleming. D. J 127 , 548
Fnote. W. R 533
Franklin, J. H 707
Garland, S. J 471
Oleason. Georee 374, 459
Goddard, Dwieht 932
Ooforth, Jonathan 841
Graham, James A 606
Ramabai and Her Daughter 859
RANGOON, School of American Mission 271
Relief Work in Urumia 19
Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess 260
SANTO DOMINGO, Protestant Chapel in 46
— Reminder of Columbus 43
— Roman Catholic Cathedral 47
Sherman Institute, Navajo Girls at 537
Shinto Religious Leader 678
SIAM, Tai Chief of Mountaineer Village .... 369
— Tai Mountaineer Village 371
— Women and Children of Tai Race 344
"Star of Hope" Mission, Patterson, N. J. ... 449
Street Work for Children, New York 305
Southern Highlanders 946, 947
SUDAN, Australian Mission Dispensary at
Melut 441
— Dinka Women of Eastern 424
— Mohammedan Converts in the 439
— Two Mohammedan Missionaries in the 437
Suicides, Signboard for 309
Sunday-School Convention Assembled in
Theater 53
— Convention, Scenes at World 1
Tagore's School near Calcutta 549
Temple Worship, China 121
TIBET, Buddhist Priest and His Wife 609
— Dr. Shelton Crossing Lake in 607
— Dr. Shelton in Mountains of 584
Tibetan Workmen, Dr. Shelton Paying Off .. 611
Tibetans Baptized at Batang 434
Turkish Hospital at Aintab, Remnant of 744
— School, Aintab, Wrecked 759
URUMIA, Distributing Flour to Kurdish
Refugees 19
— Mission Work Destroyed by Kurds 15
Uyemura, Masahisa 523
Vellore, Union Medical School 871
VENEZUELA, View of Caracas 937, 939
Women's Welfare Association, Kobe, Japan . 310
Wyburn, John H 451
Yen Ching Serving Breakfast to Famine
Refugees 866
Greene, Amy Blanche 856
Hamilton, Kate W 406
Harlan, Rolvix 61
Harrison, Paul W 759
Hayne, Coe 284
Higley, Merle 767
Hill. William A 883
Hough, S. S 292
Hodge, Margaret 403
Hooper, C. T 185
Hunt, Geo. W. P 564
Hyslop, Henrietta M 219, 695
Inman, S. G 43, 401
Jaffray, Robt. A 123
Johnson, Mrs. Luke G 722
Kanamori, Paul 682
Knubel, F. H 59
Kumm, H. K. W 435
Kurtz, Robert M 303
Kyle, Alice M 403
Laidlaw, Walter 559
Lambuth, Walter R 204
Latourette, K. S 299
Mackenzie, Jean Kenyon 355
McGavran, John G 691
Menzer, Edith 536
Mehlhouse. Rrenda L 960
Merrill. John E 755
MilMrfn, B. Carter 957
Nisbet, J. L 465
Noble, W. A 685
Overs, Walter Henry 29
Ovlrr, Mrs. D. S 441
Packard, Harry P 644
Peabody, Mrs. H. W 482, 639, 803, 865, 967
Persons, Silas E 404
Person, Delavan L 395
Pierson. Ernest D 451
Piper. Maude Garrett 575
Ouinlan. Florence E 64, 231 404, 559, 710, 8S1
Read, B. E 9">5
Prischauer, A. K 199
Roundy, Rev. Rodney W. 21, 133, 214, 361, 402, 945
AUTHORS
IV
Sailer, T. H. P 882
Schneder, D. B 675
Scott, Chas. E 116
Scott, George T 464
Shelton, A. L 607
Singh, Sadhu Sundar 862
Speer, Robert E 396, 515, 917
Stam, Peter, Jr 449
Stewart, Geo. Craig 792
Stewart, W. R. and A. W 613
Stirewalt, A. J 39
Taylor, James Dexter 847
Taylor, Mrs. Howard 845
Thompson, Chas. L. 399
Thompson, Edith P 958
Tillotson, Emily C 881
Tucker, H. C 443
Wainright, S. H 523
Wallis, Frederick A 775
Wanless, W. J 277
Warnshuis, A. L 37, 783
Waterhouse, Paul B 382
Weber, H. L 455
Wilder, Robert P 398
Winton, G. B 41
Zwemer, S. M 787
SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS
Aborigines in China 493
— of Australia 77
ABYSSINIA, Most Ancient Monarchy (a) C.
T. Hooper 183
Acadians, Work Among 813
Aeroplane, Missions by 890
AFRICA, A Doctor's Experience in West (a)
H. L. Weber 455
— Anti-Alcohol in East 574
— Better Missionary Methods in (b) 829
— Changing Native Customs 416
— Chief's Last Palaver 575
— Church Pews from Sacred Trees 731
— Crisis in Education in South (b) 593
— Educational Commission 650
— Educational Progress in 239
— Exiled Herero Christians 488
— Industrial Institute at Quessua 487
— Inland Mission 487
— Is Slavery Dead in? (a) Travers Buxton . 853
— New Bible House at Lagas 157
— New Cathedral in Central 486
— Portuguese Prohibitions in East 426
— Preaching in Ashanti 731
— Present Problems in South (a) J. Dexter
Taylor 847
— Prophets in the Congo (b) 909
— Queen of Nalolo Converted 982
— Secret of Peace for (b) W. H. Overs 29
— Some Interesting Facts About 458
— Some Results of Missions in 442
—Tardiness at Elat Church 240
— The Bible in Zande 240
— Unreached Fields of Central (a) H. K. W.
Kumm 435
— Unrest in South 574
African Chief Becomes a Christian 486
— Communion Service 329
— Parable of Indecision 488
Agriculture and Christianity (b) 9
— School of 71
Agricultural Missions, Conference on 654
— Reform, China's Need for 151
Air Service for Palestine 806
ALASKA, Isolated Station 813
ALBANIA, Mission Work in 732
— Spells Opportunity 569
ALEPPO, Missions in 328
Alexander, Charles M. (a) Henrietta M.
Hyslop 219
ALGIERS. In 157
Alsace-Lorraine Today 411
Angola, Missionary Situation in 915
Anti-Ruts Recipes 146
Applegarth Pledge Plans 716
Arab Thinks of the Missionary, What the
(b) Paul Harrison 759
ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA, Factors in
(b) 4
Arabian Children at Home (a) Eleanor T.
Cnlverley 835
ARGENTINA, Motor Bible Car 569
ARMENIA be Saved? Will (b) 590
Armenian Children, Magazine for 156
Armenians, America Educating 155
Army. Chinese Christian fa) J. Goforth 841
Arnot's Missionary Adventures fa) Reviewed
by Jean Mackenzie 355
ASIA. Educating the Women of (a) Mrs. H.
W Pea body '. 865
ACI* MTNOR, Re-Alignment in fa) Jno. E.
Merrill 755
ASSAM, Church Union in 491
Assyrians in Mesopotamia, Exiled (b) 747
Athens Woman's Congress 648
AUSTRIA after the War 350
— Student Work in (b) 670
Balkan Mission Conference 648
Baptist Advance, Southern 811
— International Seminary 974
— Gifts, Southern 568
— Missions, American 735
— Work in Europe 158
BAROTSELAND, Visit to 486
Basel Industrial Mission 889
BASUTOLAND, Work in 330
Beatitudes, Some Missionary 805
BEIRUT, American University of 72
BELGIUM, Superstition and the Gospel in .. 731 Best Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk
56, 145, 225, 311, 395, 477, 552, 633, 711, 797, 872, 952 Bible Class in Gen. Feng's Army 726
— Demand for in Japan 724
— Evangelistic Bands, China's 725
— Faith Mission 727
— Finds a Convert 574
— in Public Schools, The (b) 666
— Reading Suggestions, Two 147
— Selling Campaign, India 242
— Society Agency, New 332
— Society of the Open 734
— Society, New Headquarters for 494
— Statistics, Some 249
— Teachers' Training School, New York (a)
R. M. Kurtz 303
— Women, Scarcity of 156
Birthdays that Count 145
Boat Dwellers, Children of 75
Bohemia, Religious Schism in 648
BORNEO, Devil Worshipers in 983
Boy Scouts in Fukien 726
BRAZIL, Publicity, a Suggestion 160
— Closes Lotteries 496
— Neglected but Faithful 733
— Neglected Fields in (a) H. C. Tucker 443
— Notable Conversion in 235
— Pioneer Work in 814
— Sunday-School in 235, 976
Sundav-School Convention, Tokyo (a) Frank
L. Brown 53
— The Challenge of 160
British Students and the World (a) K. S.
Latourette 299
Brotherhood, Promoting International 69
Brown University in Shanghai 980
Budapest, Christian Endeavor in 570
Buddhism Urged, Teaching of 154
Buddhist Adaptations, Modern 724
— Institutional Work 652
— Monks, Work for 74
— Salvation Army 327
Buddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth ... 250
— in Hawaii, Work for 566
Buenos Aires Mission 71
BURMA Awakened (a) Raymond P. Currier . 271
— Bishop Fisher in 324
— Conventions Without Police 572
— Needs of 491
— N"ws from 243
—Soil Culture and Soul Culture in fa) B. C.
Case 619
Puttered G"d in India, A (b) A. M. Boggs ... 766
Caddies. The Neglected 332
Cairo, American University 240
V
— Students' Union in 80G
— University and the Sultan 488
Cairo's Outcast Waifs 156
Calcutta, Conference in 807
— University of 323
California Oil Fields, Preaching In 161
Call for Men in 1921 (b) R. P. Wilder 398
CAMBODIA — A Neglected Land (a) Robert
A. Jaffray 123
CANADA, Gospel by Caravan 238
Canadian School of Missions 887
Canal Zone, A Saving Force on 159
Canton, Gambling Abolished in 326
— Hospital Anniversary 414
CAROLINES, Japanese Mission to 78
Catholic Activity in Congo 889
Catholics Become Mohammedans 155
CENTRAL AMERICA, Three in One in 975
Centenary Response in Japan 415
Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy 69
Charts and Posters, Mission of 957
Chart, Make a, B. L. Mehlhouse 960
Chicago Plan for Bible Schools 811
CHILE, Christian Conference in 656
— - Reforms in 733
— Stewardship in 496
— Testimony of President of 410
— Tithing in 160
CHINA, Aborigines in 493
— Against Early Marriage 326
— Bible Dictionary Fire 726
— Boy Scouts in Fukien 726
— Canton Hospital Anniversary 414
— Christ the Hope of 243
— Christian Cooperation in 912
— Christian High School in Changsha 74
— Christian Literature Society 245
— Compulsory Education 492
— Developing Character in (b) A. L. Warn-
shuis 37
— Earthquake and Missions in (a) S. J.
Garland 471
— Experiment Station for Hainan 652
— Famine Crisis Passed 652
— Fighting Gambling Dens in Canton (b) ... 347
— From Prisoner to Pastor 152
— Governor of Shansi 325
— Growing Radicalism in 891
— Militarists Oppose Sun Yat Sen 809
— Mission Growth at Shuntefu 244
— Modern Movements in (b) 751
— New Intellectual Movement in (a) A. L.
Warnshuis 783
— Pagan Panic 244
— Popular Idolatry in (a) Chas. E. Scott ... 116
— Saving Life with Dollars (b) 348
— School for Deacons and Elders 411
— Significant Changes in (b) 2
— Spiritual Results from Famine 80S
— Student Movement in 573
— The Opium Curse 73
— Wasted Life Redeemed 245
— What I Saw of Famine in (a) W. R. Lam-
buth 204
— Work for Women in Wenchow 246
China's Bible Evangelistic Bands 725
— First Woman Preacher 594
— Newest Thing in A B C's 558
Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions 414
— Bible Magazine in 573
— Christian Army, A (a) J. Goforth 841
— Girl's Dream, A (b) 639
— Haystack Band 492
— in the Famine, Christian (b) 474
— in Peking, Helping 891
— Increased Liberality Among 808
— Priest Saved Through a Dream 463
— Students, Recruiting 91
Chuhras of India, Evangelizing the 5
Church at Home, Writing to the (b) 223
— Facing its Task (b) 405
— Membership Gains in America (b) 350
— Union in India 979
Churches and Relief 417
Christian Endeavor Convention (b) 586
— Endeavor World Convention 236
— Intervention in Latin America (b) G. B.
Winton 41
Christianity's Impression on Japan (a) D. B.
Schneder 675
Christmas Decoration Suggestions 878
— in Pictures, Mrs. E. C. Cronk 874
— Missionary Meaning and Message of, Mrs.
E. C. Cronk 872
— Tree for All Nations, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ... 872
Cities, Investigating the (b) 667
Clifton Springs, Christ's Program at (a)
Henrietta M. Hyslop 695
Community Service in Shanghai 74
— What Every Church Should Know About
Its (b) 564
— Work for Women (b) Rolvix Harlan 64
Congo, Concerted Action in the 730
— Mission, Disciples' 76
— Training Teachers in the 76
Conferences, Missionary Methods from Sum- mer 711
Conscience and Reforms in India (b) 748
Consecrated Gifts 637
Conventions, Successful 56
Coolies to Missionaries, Introducing 151
Cooperation, Achievements of Missionary (b) R. E. Speer 396
— in Counties, Church (b) 509
Coptic Sunday-Schools 329
— Sunday-Schools 650
Court Trials and Religion 494
Criminal Tribes of India 413
Crisis in Education in South Africa (b) 593
Cronk 957
CUBA, Progress in 813
"Cup of Tea" in the Missionary Program,
Mrs. E. C. Cronk 311
Czecho-Slovak National Church 411
Czecho-Slovakia, Religious Awakening in (b) 425
— Protestantism in 977
Czechs in America, Need of (b) 514
Dailv Appears, A Christian 160
DEATHS —
— Baker, William of Ireland 250
— Christie, Rev. Thosr, of Tarsus 736
— Clark, Albert W., of Prague 815
— Cochran, James, of China 893
— Farrar, James M., of Brooklyn 736
— Halsey, A. W., of New York 417
— Harris, Bishop M. C, of Japan 498
— Hykes, J. R., of China 656
— Jessup, William, of Syria 335
— Jewett, Milo A., of Turkey 736
— Lambuth, Bishop, of Japan 893
— Macalister, Dr. George, of India 162
— Maxwell, James L., of London 498
— McLaughlin, W. P., of Buenos Aires 417
— McLean, A., of Cincinnati 335
— Moses, Jasper T., of Mexico 656
— Nassau, Robt. Hamill, of West Africa 576
— Peet, Mrs. W. W., of Turkey 78
— Stearns, D. M., of Germuntown 78
— Stevens, E. S., of Japan 815
— Swift, Judson, of New York 815
— Thompson, R. W., of Bulgaria 893
— Williams, of China, Dr. Mark 162
Denominational Forward Movements (a) 506
Developments in Missionary Education, T. H.
P. Sailer 882
Disciples, Open Membership and 68
Divorce, To Regulate Marriage and 248
Drink Bill, British 647
Dutch Churches, Missionary Work of (b)
Henry Beets 393
— Missions, Progress in (b) 671
Earthquake and Missions in Kansu (a) S. T.
Garland 471
Eddy Meetings, At the 250
— Meetings in Near East (b) 6
Editorial and Business Chat. .343 , 421, 581, 740 , 896 Educating the Women of Asia (a) Mrs. H.
W. Peabody 865
Education, Conference on Christian 720
— of Japanese Women (a) A. K. Reischauer 199
Educational Commission to China 652
EGYPT, Continued Trouble in 649
— Purity Campaign in 488
— Purity Movement 328
— Scarcity of Bible Women 156
— The New Woman of (b) 432
— Unrest in 834
Egypt's Problem, Solution of (b) 749
Emergency, Way Out of the Present (a) J.
H. Franklin 707
Emigrants, Japanese Women 74
ENGLAND, Christian Campaign in 158
VI
— Religious Conditions in (b) 267
Essential in Missions, The Great (a) Dwight
Goddard 932
"Eternal Salvation" Society 652
EUROPE, Baptist Work in 158
Evangelism in Korea, Education and 92
Famine in China, Extent of 151
— in China, The (a) W. R. Lambuth 204
— in North China 11
— Sufferers, Why Help 181
Far East, After War in (b) 1
Federal Council of Churches (b) 10
Feng, Bible Classes for General 726
— Gov. Yen and Gen. (b) 845
FIJI— A Notable Mission 566
Filipino Fisher for Souls, A (b) James A.
Graham 606
Finnish Mission Society 239
Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D. S.
Oyler 441
Foreign Language Literature 885
— Missionaries in Germany, Plight of (b)
George Drach 391
Foreigners in Their Own Tongues, Speaking
to (a) Amy Blanche Greene 856
Forward Movement in Korea (a) W. N. Blair 528 France, Gospel Distribution in 158
— Religious Interest Growing in 888
Gambling Dens in Canton, Fighting (b) 347
Gandhi and His Next Life 727
— Movement in India (b) 261
— on Christianization of India 807
Gideons Plan Large Work 654
Godless Socialism and the Children (b) 592
Governor of Bombay, Testimony of 490
GREECE, The Bible in 159
Greek Protestantism 647
GUATEMALA, Anti-Alcoholic League 569
— Rebuilding in 569
GUINEA, Living Epistles in New 565
Hallelujah, The Hakim Sahib Has Come (b)
Harry P. Packard , 644
Halsey, Abram Woodruff (a) Robert E. Speer 515
Harnessing Youth for World Service (b) 586
Hawaii, Work for Buddhists in 566
Hawaiian Figures, Some 566
Healing in Korea, Christian 246
Highlander and His Homeland, The Southern
(a) Rodney W. Roundy 945
Himalayan Mission Jubilee 73
Hindu Missionary Idea 323
— Missionary in California 409
— Temples, Fate of 242
—Testimony, A 728
— Women, Modern Movements Among (b) .. 673 Hinduism in United States (a) Clifford M.
Drury 281
Home Missions, Conference on (b) 177
— Situation (b) Chas. L. Thompson 399
HUNGARY, Present Situation in (b) 589
ICELAND, Religious Work in (a) J. L. Nis-
bet 465
Idolatry in China, Popular (a) Charles E.
Scott 116
Immigrant — A Vital Problem, The (a) F. A.
Wallis 775
Immigration Meeting, A Successful 145
INDIA, Anti-Caste Sentiment (b) 94
— Anti-non-Cooperation 651
— Bangalore Conference 808
— Bible Faith Mission 727
— Bible Selling Campaign 242
— Buttered God in (b) A. M. Boggs 766
— Census Provokes Persecution 726
— Census Reports and Christianity 571
— Cooperative Loan Societies 728
— Criminal Tribes 413
— Educating the Village People of (a) H. P.
Beach 543
— Evangelizing Chuhras of 5
— Famine Conditions 323
— Gandhi Movement in (b) 261
— Hindu-Moslem Fraternity 807
— Lace Makers of 728
— Maharajah's Gift 651
— Mahrattas Seek Purer Religion 155
— Miraj Hospital 213
— Mr. Gandhi and His Next Life 727
— New Birth Illustrated 324
— New Organization for Women 413
— Political and Religious Problems in 512
— Religious Mendicants 571
— Singing the Gospel in 351
— Systematic Evangelism 242
— Work of Famine Waif 154
— Wanted Children of (a) Amy W. Car-
michael 929
Indian Affairs, New Commissioner of 495
— Missions, Episcopal 70
— Nationalism and Missions (a) D. J. Flem-
ing 127
— Program, An 668
— Volstead Law 727
Indians — A Week at Sherman Institute (a)
Edith Menzer 536
— Educating the 812
— in California, Neglected (b) 428
— New Mission to American 333
— North American, R. W. Roundy 402
— Seek Citizenship 70
— Tepee Christian Mission 654
— Work Among Crow 734
Indian's Advice to Indian Christians (b) 429
INDIA'S Unrest, Cure for (b) W. L. Fergu- son 34
— Unrest, Indian Christians on (b) 180
Industrial Experiment in Brooklyn 567
— School, Elat, Africa 330
Intellectual Movement in China, The (a) A.
L. Warnshuis 783
Interchurch Movement Disbands (b) 427
Interdenominational Institutions on Foreign
Field, Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer 141
International Friendship Promoted 567
— Missionary Committee (b) 175
— Missionary Council at Mohonk (b) 827
— Missionary Union, Annual Meeting of (a)
Henrietta M. Hyslop 695
— Relations, Christian Principles in (a) W.
H. P. Faunce 25
Investigating the Cities (b) 667
Investments that Pay, Making (b) 96
Islam in Nigeria 889
ITALY, Carrying Texts Through 731
— Methodism in 331
— Religious Trend in 647
Jaffna Going Dry 491
JAPAN, Baron Suggests Golden Rule 810
— Better Health for Woman 725
— Bible Finds a Convert 574
— Christianity's Impression on (a) D. B.
Schneder 675
— Construction Work in Miyazaki 573
— Demand for the Bible 724
— Episcopal Growth in 981
— First Census Completed 415
— Interpreting Christianity to (b) 39
— Loving Neighbor Institute 152
— Missions and Peace in (b) 3
— Opposition Overcome 416
— Present Situation in (a) Paul M. Kanamori 682
— Regards U. S., How 891
— Re-visited 809
— Sacrificial Prayer 725
— Shifting Thoughts in (a) R. E. Speer 917
— The Monkey Temple 153
Japanese Be Christians, Can (a) George
Gleason, I, II 374, 459
—Chinese Debate 335
— in California 333
— Institute in Chicago 237
— Problem in California (a) Paul B. Water-
house 382
— Tribute to Missions 493
— Women and Temperance 573
— Woman Emigrants 74
— Women, Education of (a) A. K. Reisch-
auer 199
Japan's "Garden of Children" 327
— New Religion 153
JERUSALEM, Rritish Girls' High School ... 489
— Missionary Conference in 649
— Negroes 237
— Population of the World 249
— Restoration Movement 241
Jewish Evangelization in Chicago 237
— Immigrants in Palestine 978
Jews Among World Nations 971
Jews Drift from Faith 668
— Arabs and Christians in Palestine (b) 907
— in New Pnlcstine, The (b) 672
—in Paris, Work for 496
VII
D.
— Missions to
Jubilee of Woman's Baptist Society
Kamerun Mission
— Unrest in the
Kennedy School of Missions
Khartum, Boys' Home
Khorasan Robbers, Adventure with (a)
M. Donaldson
Kobe, Auditorium for
KOREA, Causes of Revival in (b)
— Atheism in Schools
— Christian Advance in
— Christian Healing in Pyengyang
— Commission on Education for
— Education and Evangelism in (b)
— Forward Movement in (a) W. N. Blair ...
— Growth of Sunday-Schools
— Persecution and Progress in
— Results of Kim Ik Tu's Revival
— Spreading the Christian Spirit in (b) O.
R. Avison
— Sunday-School Plans in
— Today, Christianity in (a) W. A. Noble ... Korean Mission Assigned Territory
— School in China
— Women, Magazine for
— Women's Educational Association
— Women, The New
Koreans Eager for Knowledge
— in Manchuria, With the (a) W. R. Foote ..
Kurds, Missions Among
LATIN AMERICA, S. G. Inman
— "Caleb and Joshua Society"
— Christian Intervention in (b) G. B. Winton
— Shadow and Light in (a) Webster E.
Browning
Laymen's Movement for Italy
— Organization, Christian
Lepers in Siam, Church for
— Russian
Lepers and the Gospel
Leprosy, Progress in Cure of
LIBERIA, Negro Bishop for (b)
Liquor Traffic, Native Races and
"Little House" of Denver
Lumber Jacks, Students Among the (a) A.
W. Anthony
Lutheran Church, Missions in the
— Council, Second National
— Quadricentenary (b)
Lutherans and Cooperation
— in India
MADAGASCAR, New Station in
Magyars. Need of the
MALAYSIA, Immigration to
— Large Plans for
MALTA. Religious Liberty in
MANCHURIA, Japanese Depredations in (b)
— With the Koreans in (a) W. R. Foote ....
— Makers, Ten Charges to Edith Thompson ..
— Manifesto on Church Union
Manila, For Chinese in
Mardin Mission, The
Marriage and Divorce. To Regulate
MARSHALL ISLANDS, Japanizing
McAll Mission, Opportunities for
McAll Mission, Fifty Years of
McLean, Archibald, Beloved Disciple (a)
Jno. G. McGavran
Medical Mission Brotherhood
— Research in Africa
Mennonites Migrate Again
MESOPOTAMIA, Exiled Assyrians in (b) ...
— Factors in Arabia and (b)
Methodist Gains on Foreign Field
Methodism in Italy
Methodist Missionaries, New
Methods from the Summer Conferences, Mrs.
E. C. Cronk
— in Africa. Better Missionary (b)
— of Manv Minds, Mrs. E. C. Cronk
MEXICO, Gains in
— Gospel Supplants Pistol
— Hopeful Signs in (b)
— Madame Carranza
— Methodist Aims in
— Prohibition in
Mexican Girls, Texas School for
— in Our M'dst. The fa) R. W. Roundy
— Problem Todav (b)
— Village Transformed
576 Mexicans, Baptist Work for
498 MICRONESIA, Family Prayers in
575 Middle Age Missionary Methods, Mrs. E. C.
731 Cronk
734 Migrant Missionary Service
156 Mikado, Worship of
Ministry, Recruiting for the
761 Miraj Hospital
724 —Hospital, Religious Work in (a) W. J.
66S Wanless, M.D
9#e<}77Mission Study Anniversary
346 24G 493. 92 528- 328 892 810
40 653 685 246 152
75 154 153 725 533. 570 401 410
41
385
71 567 491
72 9S0 914 588 240
595 161 236 269 332
73 983 883 154 247 239 345 533 958 979 331 571 248
78 331 977
691 654 815 333 747 4 973 331 332
711
829 145 160 495 353 733 814 569 887 361 266 887
Missionary and Other Forms of Religious Ed- ucation, Emily C. Tillotson
— Council, National
— Education in America (b)
— Interest, How to Create (a) S. S. Hough ..
— Lessons in Sand
— Personals 167, 256, 420, 4:3, 580, 660, 663,
— Substitutes
Missions and World Peace (a) W. H. P.
Faunce
— Promoting, Wm. A. Hill
— Turkish Treaty and (a) S. W. Boggs
Mohammedan Converts Association
— Mosque at Detroit (a) S. M. Zwemer
Mohonk, International Missionary Council at
(b)
Mongolian Plains, Adventures on the (a)
W. R. and Anna Stewart
Monkey Temple, The (Japan)
Mormonism, Conference on
— of Today, and How to Meet it (a) R. W.
Roundy
Mormons and Polygamy
Moros, Importance of Winning
— Missionary to
Moslem and Christian Rule Compared
— Converts, Letter of
— Mission to America (b)
— Student Perplexities
— Voters in Algeria
Mosque for Paris
Movements, Denominational Forward (a) ... Nationalism and Missions, Indian (a) D. J.
Fleming
Nations, Are There Any Christian? (b)
Naval Academy Church
Near East, Eddy Meetings in (b)
— Reducing Orphan Relief
— Relief
— The New (a) Sherwood Eddv
Negro Americans and Their Problems (a)
R. W. Roundy
Negroes, Seminary for
Nestorians, Homeless
New Era in Southern Methodist Missions (b)
R. B. Eleazer
NEW GUINEA, Fiftv Years Work in
NEW HEBRIDES, The
NEW ZEALAND, Church Union in
— Holiness Convention in the
NICARAGUA, Sunday-School Methods in ....
Nicodemus' Problem, A Chinese on
NIGERIA. Islam in
— Persecution in
— Progress in
— Successes in
Nigerian Church Growth
Nuggets from Recent Addresses
NYASSALAND, New Station in
O LiT Lamb (Poem) Paul Lawrence Dunbar
Opium Curse in China
Organizations, Organizing Church (b)
Orient, Christian Literature for, Alice M.
Kyle
— Women Who Are Transforming the (b) ... Oriental and the Church in America, Geo. L
Cady
Orientals. Christian Work for
— on the Pacific Coast (a) Rodney W. Roundy
Orphanage, Armenian Boys'
Pacific Coast. The Orientals on the (a) Rod-
nev W. Roundv
PALESTINE, Bible Distribution in
— Christian Conference in
— Jews, Arabs and Christians in (b) ,
— The Jews in New (b)
— to Have Religious Liberty
Pan-Presbyterian Council
Peace, Missions and World (a) W. H. P
Faunce
568 497
225 975 75 733 243
277 334
881 241 832 292 635 743 334
25 883 107 889 787
829
613 153
21 495 497
78 323 570 265 890 486 647 506
127 665 654 6 729 489 101
214 887 490
468 735 162 983 161 883 122 889 981 575 157 650 192 487 454 73 633
403 475
400 68
133 72
133 411
978 907 672 729 973
25
VIII
— Missions and in Japan (b) 3
— Programs to Promote (b) 825
Peking, American Institutions Dedicated in
(b) 833
— Union Medical College (a) B. E. Read .... 925
— University Expanding 325
PERSIA, a Challenge to the Church (a) E. T.
Allen 13
— Adventure with Khorasan Robbers (a) D.
M. Donaldson 761
Persian Cornelius, A 806
— Women, Education for 978
— Temple in Illinois (a) Geo. Craig Stewart 792 Personals, Missionary
167, 256, 420, 423, 5S0, 660, 663, 743
PERU. Contrasts in 410
PHILIPPINES, A Moro Steward 735
Plans for Missionary Meetings 711
POLAND, Destitution in 888
— Gospel Work in 159
Political and Religious Problems in India ... 512
Porto Rican Schools, Bible in 70
PORTO RICO, Cooperation in (b) 430
— Crowded Conditions in 732
— Ryder Memorial Hospital 235
— Students in 975
— Union Church 910
— Y. M. C. A. in 975
—Twenty Years Progress in (a) Philo W.
Drury £07
Portugal, Changing 883
Portuguese Opposition to Missions (b) 262
Poster Makers, Materials for, Maude E.
Bradley 964
Posters, Making Missionary, B. C. Millikin . 957
— Prohibitions in East Africa 426
Praver and the Present Crisis 89
— Effectual Fervent 732
— for Schools, Day of 811
— for Students, Day of 162
— Meeting "Extra" 416
— Program of, Mrs. E. C. Cronk 552
— Sacrificial 725
— Striking Answer to 889
Praying Through the Review (b) 505
Presbyterian Figures, Some 811
President's Missionary Tour, The (b) 585
Press, Move to Muzzle the 352
Printed Page in Japan 152
Prisoners, Opportunities Among Russian (b) 7 Problems in South Africa, Present (a) J.
Dexter Taylor 847
Prohibition, Results from 160
Protestantism, Proclamation Against 655
Punjab, Progress in 572
"Purity Movement" in Egypt 328
Quebec, Itinerating in 734
Questionnaire, Missionary 249
Race Problem, Solving the 885
Ramabai and Her Daughter Pandita (b) C.
Butler 859
Reading Contest Plan, Practical 636
Re-Alignment In Asia Minor (a) Jno. E.
Merrill 755
Recreation and the Country Church (b) S.
E. Persons 404
Recreational Activities in the Church, L. A.
Halbert 67
Relief, American Management of 326
— for Orphans, Reducing 729
Religious Bodies in America, Present Status
of fa) Walter Laidlaw 559
— Conditions in England (b) 267
— Education, School of 409
— Freedom in Europe 814
— Work in Miraj Hospital, India (a) W. J.
Manless, M.D 277
Rescue of Three Thousand Christians (b)
Harry P. Packard 644
Revelations of City Surveys (a) Merle Higley 767
Revival in Korea, Causes of (b) 668
Riots in South India 891
Rockefeller Gifts 40S
Roman Catholics, Baptists vs 250
Rosenwald Fund at Work 236
RUSSIA and the Bible 159
— Relief for 888
— Religion In Soviet fb) 511
— Religious Currents in (b) 74'
— Religion in 331
Russian Girls in Constantinople 814
— Prisoners, Opportunity Among (b) 7
— Prisoners, Work for 497
RUMANIA, The New 648
Rumania and Religious Minorities (b) 911
Ryder Memorial Hospital 235
Saalako, Hopi Indian Priestess (a) Coe
Hayne 284
Sadhu Sundar Singh Impresses Africans 158
Sahara, A Journey in the 730
Salvation Army, Buddhist 327
Salvationists in West Africa 158
SANTO DOMINGO, Home Rule for 331
— Missionary Problem of (a) S. G. Inman .. 43
— Protestant Work in (b) 182
Scandinavian Church Conference 56S
School for Missionaries, A (a) R. M. Kurtz 303
— of Rabindranath Tagore (a) D. J. Flem-
ing 548
Schools, Bible in Public (b) 666
— of Missions 407
— of Missions, Mrs. Luke Johnson 722
Scotland, Temperance Vote in 496
Scottish Y. W. C. A., Independence for 238
Siouts in Cairo, Girl 650
Senegal Mohammedans 653
Serbian Church Reorganized 649
Shadow and Light in Latin America (a)
Webster E. Browning 385
Sherman Institute, A Week at (a) Edith
Menzer 536
Shinto Sect in Disfavor 892
— Shifting Thoughts of (a) Robert E. Speer . 917 SIAM, Church for Lepers in 491
— Future Queen of 324
— Tai Race of (a) J. A. Eakin 368
— Testimony of U. S. Minister to, Geo. W.
P. Hunt 564
Singing the Gospel in India 354
Slavery Dead in Africa, Is? (a) Travers Bux- ton 853
Sleeping Sickness, New Treatment for 815
Smyrna, Student Christian Conference at (b) 513 Socialism and the Children, Godless (b) ... 592 Soil Culture and Soul Culture in Burma (a)
B. C. Case 619
SOLOMON ISLANDS, Akalo Worship 656
SOUTH AMERICA, New Bible Society Agency 332
— South American 976
Southern Highlander and His Homeland (a)
Rodney W. Roundy 945
SPAIN'S Protestant Colony 77
Spanish Christian General 330
Speech, When You Make a Missionary ( Sym- posium ) 395
"Star of Hope" in Paterson (b) Peter Stam,
Jr 449
Stearns, The Missionary of D. M. (a) Stella
C. Dunkelberger 139
Stewardship, Steps in 632
Stone, Letter from Dr Mary 319
Student Christian Conference at Smyrna (b) 513
— Federation, Christian 68
— Movement in China 573
— Work in Austria (b) 670
Students Among the Lumber Jacks (a) A.
W. Anthony 595
— and the World, British (a) K. S. Latour-
ette 299
..Recruiting Chinese 91
Students' Union in Cairo 806
Studv Books, Interesting 719
SUDAN, Conditions in the 730
— Five Against Seven Hundred (b) Mrs. D.
S. Oyler 441
— United Mission 575
Suicides in Japan, Signboard for (a) 308
SUMATRA, A Cannibal's Grandson 565
Summer School of Foreign Missions (b) 803
Sunday Observance in Japan 327
— Missionary Interest in the (b) 753
— Statistics 498
Sunday Schools, Coptic 329
— in Near East 412
— on Foreign Field 576
Sun Yat-sen, Militarists Oppose 809
— Sunday-school Convention in 976
Surveys, Social and Religious 408
— Some Revelations of City (a) Merle Hig-
lev 767
SYRIA, Two Missionary Educators in (a) .. 193 Syrian Evangelists for Moslems 240
IX
— Missionary's Experience (b) George T.
Scott 464
— Orphanage, Save a 155
Tagore, School of Rabindranath (a) D. J.
Fleming 543
TAHITI, News from 497
Tai Race of Siam, The (a) J. A. Eakin 368
Tax Laws, Missionaries and 68
Telugu Woman's Society 979
Temperance in Siam 413
— Indian Volstead Law 727
— Vote in Scotland 496
Ten Commandments Unknown 566
Tennessee's Educational Need 333
Thank-Offering Methods, Mrs. E. C. Cronk . 797 Thank-Off erings, Little Stories of Great .... 799
Thanksgiving Suggestions 798
THESSALONICA, Agricultural Institute in . 732
Threshold, At the 556
TIBET, Recent Tour in, Sadhu Sundar Singh
(a) 862
Tibetan Day School 809
-News 572
Tibetans, Baptism of 434
— Pioneering Among the (a) A. L. Shelton .. 607
Tokyo Convention, Aftermath of the (b) 99
Tract Society, Chicago 409
Transvaal Mission 77
Truth and Half Truths (b) 268
TURKESTAN, Sarts of 490
Turkish Orthodox Church 729
— Treaty and Missions (a) S. W. Boggs 107
TURKEY, A Liberating Force in (a) Jas. L.
Barton 31
— Kaiser's Estate for Mission 241
— Transfer of Mardin Mission 72
Ukraine Terror, The 649
Uyemura, Japanese Christian Leader (a) S.
H. Wainright 523
Vatican and Y. M. C. A 248
— Scotland Protests Envoy to 238
VENEZUELA, A Neglected Neighbor (a.) W.
E. Browning 937
Village People of India, Educating the (a)
H. P. Beach 543
VIRGIN ISLANDS 247
Waldensian Schools 647
War, Christians Appeal Against 567
Wanted Children of India, The (a) Amy W.
Carmichael 929
— in Far East, After the (b) 1
World Situation, The Present (b) D. L.
Pierson 395
W. Peabody 141, 319, 482, 639, 803, 963
Woman's Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E.
Quinlan 64 , 231, 404, 559, 719, 881
Women, Better Health for Japanese 725
Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin 967
— United Conferences of 180
Wyburn, John H. (a) Ernest D. Pierson 451
YAP, Island of 563
Yen, and Gen. Feng, Gov. (b) 845
Y. M. C. A. in Turkey 489
— Vatican and 248
YUCATAN, Religious Instruction in 331
Y. W. C. A., Independence for Scottish 238
— Leaving the British 71
Zionist Leaders Disagree 736
Zulus, Industrial Mission for 77
NEW BOOKS
American Bible Society, The Report 579
America's Stake in the Far East. Chas. H.
Fahs 579
Approaches Toward Church Unity. Smyth
and Walker 339
Arabian Prophet, The. Translated from Chi- nese 817
Army and Religion 73
Call to Unity, The. Wm. T. Manning 578
Case of Korea, The. Henry Chung 738
Castaway in Kavirondo, A. A. M. Elverson . 739 Character Building in Kashmir. C. E. Tyn-
dale-Biscoe 164
Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and
Formosa 984
Christian Unity 577
Christianity the Final Religion. S. M. Zwe-
mer 337
Church and Industrial Reconstruction 253
Church and the Community. R. E. Diffendor-
fer 337
City of Rams, The. G. L. Bendelback 658
Dawn of a New Era in Syria, The. Margaret
McGilvary 163
Earnest of the Coming Age. A. B. Simpson . 579 Enlisting for Christ and the Church. H. A.
Johnston 337
Fijian Society. W. Deans 657
Finding the Way Out. R. R. Moton 252
Friday's Footprints. Margaret Applegarth .. 739 From Survey to Service. H. Paul Douglass 738
Frontier Folk. L. A. Star 657
God's Living Oracles. A. T. Pierson 578
Gotama Buddha. Kenneth J. Saunders 499
Hainan, The Island of Palms 337
History of the Japanese People. Capt. F. '
Brinkley 163
History of William Taylor Self-Supporting
Missions in South America, Goodsil F.
Arms 9S4
Home Mission Trails. Jay S. Stowell 336
Home Missions Council Report 499
Home with the Open Door, The. Mary
Schauffler Piatt 739
Immigration and the Future. Frances Keller 817 James Stokes — Pioneer. Edited by F. W.
Ober 577
Jesus in the Experience of Men. T. R. Glover 737
John Smith Moffat. R. U. Moffat 816
Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself 817
Lectures on Systematic Theology. Charles G.
Finney 740
Leper Problem in India, The 339
Letters of a Javanese Princess. R. A. Kar-
tini 252
Medical Missions. W. R. Lambuth 336
Message of Sadhu Sundar Singh. Canon B.
H. Streeter 737
Missionary Survey. R. Allen and T. Coch- rane 336
Mr. Friend o' Man. Jay T. Stocking 82
My Son. Cora Harris 658
Myth of Jewish Menace in World Affairs,
The. Lucien Wolf 578
Natives of Northern Territories of the Gold
Coast. A. W. Cardinall 895
Near East, Cross Roads of the World 336
Near Side of the Mexican, The Question.
Jay S. Stowell 577
Neighboring Americans. Mary Clark Barnes 500
New Jerusalem, The. G. K. Chesterton 418
Pearl's Secret. Mrs. Howard Taylor 500
Persian Pie. James H. Linton 657
Problem of Christian Unity, The. S. Parkes
Cadman and others 578
Protestant Missionary Directory for India ... 418 Quiet Talks About Life After Death. S. D.
Gordon 658
Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss 251
Rural Evangelism. James E. Wagner 500
Russia in the Shadows. H. G. Wells 499
Schools with a Message in India. D. J. Flem- ing 500
Shepherd of Aintah. Alice Shepard Riggs .. 164 Six Thousand Country Churches. C. O. Gill
and Gifford Pinchot 500
Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent.
Natalie Curtis 573
Spending of a Thank-Offering, The 339
Star in the East, A. Edw. N. Harris 419
Thirteen Upanishads. The 894
Through Santo Domingo and Haiti. S. G.
Inman 80
True Church, The. Edited by Hoste and Mc-
Elheran 577
Under Many Flags. K. S. Cronk and E. Sing- master 738
Vision We Forget, The. P. Whitwel! Wilson 658
Winnin? the Jews to Christ. Addresses 578
Working Girls nf China. E. E. Whimster ... 657
World Friendship. J. Lovell Murray 738
Yarns of the Near East. Basil Mathews 500
421
Table Cloths and Napkins at Lower Prices
1I7S7HETHER you are purchasing fresh Linens for a Country Home, a Yacht, a Club or the tiniest of Bungalows, you will find the present price reductions at "The Linen Store" surprisingly to your advantage.
Values Readily Apparent
NAPKINS— Dozen 22 x 22 inches
$6.50, 9.00 and up
24 x 24 inches
$11. 75, 14. 75 and up
TABLE CLOTHS — Each 2x2 yards
$5.75, 8.00 and up 2x2^ yards
$8.50, 10.00 and up 2x3 yards
$12.00, 14.00 and up
Orders by Mail receive Special Attention
James McCutcheon 8C Co.
Reg.Trado Mark Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33d Streets, N. Y.
EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT
Copies — Lost, Strayed or Stolen A number of our subscribers have failed to receive their magazine promptly through no fault of this office. They have been dis- appointed and we have had vigorous pro- tests. Sometimes the Post-Office Depart- ment has been to blame. Please note that a new ruling of the post office requires that the street and number shall be included in the mailing address of letters and maga- zines. A number of copies of the Review have been returned to us because insuffi- ciently addressed. It takes too much time for the post office clerks to search through directories and telephone books. If your magazine is not fully addressed, kindly send
us this information.
* * *
Wanted — March, 1921 Our supply of copies of the Marc' 1921, Review has been exhausted and we .,ould be glad if subscribers will communicate with us if they can furnish any copies to meet the demand. Subscribers are urged to renew their subscriptions promptly in order that they may avoid missing any numbers.
* * *
Summer Conferences Are you going to a Summer Conference or School of Missions? On another page you will find as full a list as we could se- cure, giving the location, dates and so far as possible the officers in charge of corre- spondence for each Conference. If you think of going to one of these Conferences, and would like to help pay your way by rep-
resenting the Review and introducing it to as large a number as possible, please write to us for further information.
* * *
A Missionary Benefactor A large-hearted and broad-visioned sup- porter of missionary work has recently made a substantial gift to send the Review to pastors in the home church who need the inspiration and information contained in the magazine, but who find it difficult to subscribe on account of financial pressure. If anyone questions the value of such a gift to these self-sacrificing leaders of the home church they should read the letters of ac- knowledgement that come from pastors all over the country. Here are one or two samples :
"If all the numbers of the Review are as full of sermonic and spiritually helpful material as the April number, I have missed much."
"I have for a long time desired to sub- scribe for the magazine, but have not found it convenient to do so. I shall read it with great pleasure, and shall keep it in the public reading room which I main- tain in the parsonage."
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422
THE MISSIONARY
Review of the World
DEL A VAN L. PIERSON, Editor
CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1921
Page
FRONTISPIECE Dinka Women ok the Egyptian Sudan
EDITORIAL COMMENT 425
Awakening in Czecho-Slovakia Advice to Indian Christians Portuguese Prohibitions in East Africa Cooperation in Porto Rico The Interchurch Movement Disbands The New Woman of Egypt Neglected Indians in California Baptisms in Batang, Tibet UNREACHED FIELDS OF CENTRAL AFRICA H. K. W. Kumm 435
Information gathered in a journey into the Sudan and neighboring districts,
showing the character of the country and people, and the strategic importance
of establishing Christian missions. FIVE AGAINST SEVEN HUNDRED Mrs. D. S. Oyler 441
A striking contrast between the influence of seven hundred Moslems and
witch doctors in the Sudan and five Christian missionaries. NEGLECTED FIELDS IN BRAZIL H. C. Tucker 443
The conditions in the interior of Brazil as seen by a representative of the
American Bible Society in his journeys far from Protestant mission, stations. "THE STAR OF HOPE" in Paterson Peter Stam, Jr. 449
The story of a unique mission work conducted by a business man in a New
Jersey manufacturing toztm. JOHN H. WYBURN, A FRIEND INDEED By Ernest D. Pierson 451
An appreciative sketch of the remarkable work among the outcast in Nezv
York conducted by one who was himself saved from the curse of drink. A DOCTOR'S ENPERIENCE IN WEST AFRICA H. L. Weber 455
Interesting facts and incidents as told by a physician who heard the call to
heal and preach to Africans iclio arc sick in body and soul. CAN THE JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS (II) George GlEason 459
A continuation of the histories of Japanese men and women who have become
Christian leaders.
RELIGIOUS WORK IN ICELAND J. L. Nisbet 465
A NEW ERA IN SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSIONS R. B. ElEazer 408
THE EARTHQUAKE AND MISSIONS IN KANSU. .S. J. Garland and Others 471
CHRISTIAN CHINESE IN THE FAMINE DISTRICTS 474
WOMEN WHO ARE TRANSFORMING THE ORIENT ..Mrs. H. W. Peabody 475
BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk 477
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . . .Edited by Mrs. H. W. Peabody 482
NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 486
THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 499
TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc. Robert E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice-President
Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer
Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, 25c. a copy $2 50 a year New York City.
• Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.
Copyrighted, 1021
MISSIONARY PERSONALS
Mr. W. C. PEARCE, Acting (icneral Secre- tary of the International Sunday-School Association, has been called to become As- sociate General Secretary of the World's Sunday-School Association.
* * *
Prok. Harlan P. Beach has resigned from the Department of Missions of the Yale Divinity School, and Prof. K. S. Latourette, of Denison University, Ohio, has been appointed his successor. Prof. Beach is to leave in June to visit some of the mission fields in a friend's private yacht.
Rev. James L. Barton, D.D., Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, will visit China and Japan this summer and attend the annual meeting of the Trustees of Union Medical College, Peking.
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Rev. J. L- McLaughlin, Secretary of the American Bible Society in the Philippines for fifteen years, has been added to the Headquarters Staff of the Society in New York, as Assistant Secretary.
* * *
Dr. and Mrs. C. Stanley G. Mylrea, of the Reformed Church Mission in Arabia, are returning to America on furlough. They plan to visit Korea and Japan on the way.
Mr. James M. SpEErs, Chairman of the Laymen's Missionary Movement and Treas- urer of the Student Volunteer Movement, expects to leave in July to visit Japan, Korea, China, India and possibly Siam. Mr. and Mrs. Speers will visit their missionary sons in China and India and expect to be gone about one year.
* ♦ *
Dr. Robert E. Speer and Mr. Russell Carter, Secretary and Assistant Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- sions, will sail in July for an eight months' visit to Presbyterian stations in the Philip- pines, India and Persia.
Dr. and Mrs. Otis Cary, who went out to Japan under the American Board in 1878, have returned to the United States, but are continuing their service for the Japanese by work among Japanese in Amer- ica.
* * i
Rev. and Mrs. David S- Spencer, of the Methodist Mission in Japan, have returned to Fukuoka. Mr. Spencer has been visiting schools in America in search of foreign mission recruits and has recorded 516 def- inite promises of volunteers.
* * *
Rev. Paul Rader, the evangelist and President of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, has returned from his tour of the Far East. He has been absent, with Mrs. Rader, for nearly a year.
* * *
Prof. H. Augustine Smith, of Boston University, has accepted an invitation from the Japan Sunday-School Association to conduct a nation-wide tour of that country
Please mention The Missionary Review
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* * *
Rev. Bohumil Prochazka, a Bohemian missionary of Czecho-Slovakia, has been visiting America in an endeavor to create interest in Protestant work in Bohemia. Mr. Prochazka began his work in Brno two years ago with thirty members, and now has over two hundred.
* ♦ *
Mr. Bernard Lucas, missionary states- man of the London Missionary Society in Bangalore, South India, died in England on February 20th.
* * *
Dr. Paul Monroe, of Teacher's College, New York, is going to the Far East as an educational expert at the invitation of the Chinese Government. Dr. Monroe is Pres- ident of the Board of Trustees of Shantung Christian University.
Dr. Tom Jays, formerly a missionary of the C. M. S. in West Africa, has been ap- pointed to succeed Dr. L. E. Wigram as Principal of Livingstone College, London. As Traveling Secretary of the Student Vol- unteer Missionary Union, Dr. Jays has vis- ited the chief universities of the United States and Great Britain.
* * *
Rev. F. H. Divine has resigned from the secretaryship of the Baptist Home Mission Society, and has established "The Big Brother Financial Agency," with the aim of stimulating churches to sacrificial giving toward much needed equipment. the World in writing to advertisers.
DINKA WOMKN OF THE EASTERN SUDAN
THE MISSIONARY
Pmew^orld
RELIGIOUS AWAKENING IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA PPAEENTLY a new day has dawned in Czecho-Slovakia, not '
only in civil liberty but in moral and religious life. Free
democracy has replaced oppressive autocracy in Church and State, there are signs of an intellectual renaissance, and in ancient Bohemia and Moravia the Protestant teachings of the past have pre- pared the way for the larger reception of evangelical Christian truth.
Dr. Sherwood Eddy reported after his visit last year that to many of the students the very words " religion, " ''church," "Chris- tianity," and even "Christ" had so long been connected with crime, tyranny, inquisition, and oppression that they had become anathema. The students were mostty atheists, free-thinkers, agnostics, material- ists. "But now, with splendid enthusiasm in their new discovery of Bible study, the prejudice of years is breaking down."
Recently these students seem to have adopted a new basis and a Christian Student Movement is firmly established. The great move- ment under way in the Catholic Church away from Rome led 200,000 in five months to join the movement. The whole nation is in a state of transition. They have adopted for their services the national lan- guage ; they stand for a married priesthood, an open Bible, and the whole position maintained by Huss at the beginning of the Reforma- tion five centuries ago. . . . Thus in free Bohemia a nation is being born in a day.
The organization of the Reforming Catholics in Czecho-Slovakia, therefore, into the "Cirkev Ceskoslovenska" (Czecho-Slovak Church), is being carried on in such a manner as to excite admiration. For many years the better educated of the priests and the intelligent class of the people have not only been expecting but planning the reformation of the Catholic Church from within.
VOL. LX1V
JUNE, 1921
NUMBER
SIX
425
426
THE MISSIONARY REV1KW OF THE WORLD
[June
For many years, the determination of these people, upon regain- ing their national political freedom, the dream for three hundred years, has involved their national religious freedom. At first it was hoped by the reformers that the Church of Rome would allow the dis- tinctive features characteristic of their historic faith, and so a com- mission was sent to Rome a year ago to request these concessions. Their request, however, was met with a decisive refusal. And so last year the Reformed Church was organized in the city of Prague. A central committee of administration was appointed, and a consistory elected.
A great religious re-awakening followed and the leaders found that it was all that they could do to carry the movement of the people into organization. From one village to the next the word spread, and most of the people came into the quickly growing Church. It is esti- mated that, if there were clergy to serve, 1,000,000 souls would be en- rolled, and, if there were livings assured for them, 500 priests would renounce the Roman obedience, and among them nearly all of the younger priests. But it is difficult for a priest to find the secular oc- cupation which is necessary for his living. Some of the clergy today in the new national Church, while they work Sundays and all eve- nings, find employment as post-office clerks, secretaries in govern- ment offices, and one is a clerk in a drug store. Each priest as he leaves Rome is promptly "excommunicated," and the frequent pub- lished lists of excommunications are advertisements for the away- f rom-Rome movement.
In various parts of Bohemia there are unusual openings. In one place an entire congregation left the Roman Catholic Church, and the building was offered to any Protestant body prepared to es- tablish and maintain services.
In Slovakia there is a different and difficult situation. All of the churches suffered losses of members during the war, and as nearly all the Protestant pastors were forced into the military service the work suffered much. There is great need for help from evangelical Christian Churches.
PORTUGUESE PROHIBITIONS IN EAST AFRICA
IN OUR April number we referred at length to the Portuguese of- ficial limitations put upon Protestant missionary work in East Africa. Recent pronouncements prohibit touring in evangelistic work, require teachers in mission schools to pass examinations before the Government school boards, and make it necessary to submit all books intended for use in mission schools to pass the censorship of the school board. The regulations also stipulate that Portuguese must be the language used in schools, that Portuguese history must be taught, and that even the reading of the Bible "in the house of
1921]
EDITORIAL COMMENT
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religion" must be in Portuguese. The Governor states that the teachers "ought to be Portuguese."
These regulations might not be considered unjust if they per- mitted teaching and preaching in the native language, and if they did not open the way to unfriendly discrimination against Protestant Christian teachers and preachers. The American Board missionaries have been conducting church services at Gogoyo for over two years, having received verbal permission from the commandant e. When formal application was made for a church license with the provision that only Portuguese and the native language would be used, permis- sion was refused unless Bible reading and preaching are in the Portu- guese language.
The question is in the hands of the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference, which plans to take the matter up with the Portuguese officials.
HE General Committee of the Interchurch World Movement
held its final meeting, at 25 Madison Avenue, on April 8th,
when about fifty persons were in attendance, representing co- operating denominations. A special committee of business men re- ported through James M. Speers and Raymond B. Fosdick, on the winding up of the business affairs of the Movement. The Committee on Reorganization reported through Bishop Thomas Nicholson of Chicago, its chairman, on the best methods of conserving the values of the Movement. All further responsibilities were committed to the Executive Committee, and a Consultative Committee was appointed to serve as a point of contact between the cooperative agencies of the Protestant denominations.
The Business Men's Committee reported that the remaining obli- gations of the Movement could be fully met out of existing assets, pro- viding outstanding pledges and underwriting^ are fully paid, but the date of the final liquidation of the Interchurch World Movement cannot now be foreseen. The present Business Men's Committee was therefore discharged and the final winding up of the legal affairs of the Interchurch was placed in the hands of a committee of three con- sisting of James M. Speers, Raymond B. Fosdick and Trevor Arnett, who are responsible to the Executive Committee.
Since the Protestant churches in America possess seven or more organized agencies dealing with cooperative work, it was recom- mended that these agencies be so developed and correlated as to enable them to provide adequately for the cooperative responsibilities contemplated in the Interchurch World Movement, and that they cul- tivate relations of affiliation through the Federal Council of Churches. A Committee of Consultation was suggested to be composed of
THE INTERCHURCH MOVEMENT DISBANDS
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[June
throe representatives from each of the following agencies: the For- eign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denom- inations, the Council of Church Boards of Education, the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, the Reorganization Committee of the Interchurch World Movement, and of the Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement.
The General Committee earnestly advised the correlation of the Forward Movements and general promotional activities of the vari- ous denominations, and urged the Committee of Consultation to co- operate in every way possible.
The Executive Committee of the Interchurch World Movement was charged with the responsibility of conserving the survey mate- rial and of consigning such portions as may seem wise to the Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council, the Women's Or- ganizations, the Council of Church Boards of Education, and the other organizations which they may approve in order that they may conserve the value of these surveys, complete them and keep them up to date.
The Interchurch World Movement, as an organization, is to be legally terminated as soon as the assets can be collected and the in- ternal and external obligations, both legal and moral, can be dis- charged.
NEGLECTED INDIANS IN CALIFORNIA
BECAUSE of the failure of the United States Government to ratify treaties, many Indians in California were left without any land rights that the white men would respect. It is be- lieved that in 1850 there were approximately 200,000 Indians in Northern California, and that as a result of ruthlessness, famine and disease about 180,000 of them perished within fifty years. Some of these Indians were later provided with land, but today the number of "non-reservation" Indians in California is 14,500. Of these only 3,633 have been reached with any Christian influences whatever. There are twenty-five counties in which there is no work done for the Indians, and fifteen where there is only partial work.
These non-reservation Indians are scattered over forty counties in California. They can be divided into three groups: About 3,500 have taken allotments on the public domain, as homesteaders. Some 4,000 are living on small tracts of land purchased for them (in recent years) by the Government, and about 6,500 are without land and are living in rude shacks, as squatters on the corners or rock piles of the various ranches, or any spot where they can locate until told to "move on."
Among the first class, there is an upward tendency in the matter
1921]
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of improved housing conditions; and there is some improvement among- the second class. The third class, however, make little or no progress toward permanent home building.
There seems to be a growing sentiment on the part of the county officials in the welfare of these scattered bands of Indians. Where there has been a combination of social welfare and missionary work, there has been a great improvement in conditions. In several coun- ties, where the Indian population was regarded as a drunken, de- graded and worthless set, a menace to the communities, as a result of this "Lend a Hand" movement, these same people are now sober, in- dustrious, thrifty and well-behaved, transformed from a liability to an asset; and the demand for their labor is greater than the supply. In most counties of California, Indian children are now admitted to the public schools.
There are also about three thousand non-reservation Indians in Nevada, and probably not more than ten per cent, of that number is reached by Christian influence.
"As the Indian, more and more, becomes an economic factor in meeting the demand for labor on the ranches, the railroad and the other industries," says Mr. M. K. Sniffin, "the prejudice now existing is bound to be lessened. If these 3,000 non-reservation Indians could be brought under the influence of strong Christian men and women and given an opportunity to develop materially and spiritually, the Indian problem in Nevada would soon be solved. ' '
AN INDIAN'S ADVICE TO INDIAN CHRISTIANS
IN THE midst of all the unrest in India it is encouraging to read the address given by Dewan Bahadur W. L. Venkatara- miah, President of the All-India Conference of Indian Chris- tians, at their recent meeting in Calcutta. This conference is repre- sentative of the various Indian Christian communities and is of growing importance in shaping the thought and life of India. Every year an increasing number of Indian Christians are being sent to the national congress and assemblies, and so have a voice in the national affairs.
Mr. Venkataramiah gave this wholesome advice to his fellow Christians as to how they should act in these momentous days :
"We as a community have much to do setting our own house in order. The large accessions from the depressed and out-caste classes imply serious responsibilities. Most of the new converts are illiterate and ignorant; many are deeply tainted, by heredity and environment. Their inclusion in our community must necessarily lower the standard of efficiency and character, unless we make a determined and organized effort to educate and elevate them, and reclaim them from criminal tendencies and aptitudes.
430 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [June
"In Son tli India and other parts of the country there is a distinct mass movement in several areas, a movement of families and vil- lage communities into the Church. They naturally need teachers, catechists and pastors for their nurture and up-building. The rank and file of our community are poor and cannot afford to give their sons and daughters the benefits of high school or college training.
"Now what do we propose to do! Shall we leave all this impor- tant work to the missionary ? Should we not rather make a real effort to do the work that our missionary friends are. doing? The National Missionary Society is a splendid example of what we can do. But we want such organizations multiplied a hundredfold. We want young men and women to emulate the example of Gokhale and Paranjpye in the Ferguson College, to serve in schools and churches and Christian settlements on a bare living wage, counting all else as of no account. We want teaching brotherhoods, such as some of our young men are seeking to form in Madras in connection with a Resi- dential School soon to be started. We want men and women full of the spirit of Sadhu Sundar Singh, Pandita Ramabai, Bishop Aza- riah, Kalicharan Banurji, Nehemiah Goreh, Babu Padmanji, Chandra Lila and N. V. Tilak. What these have done others can do, and greater things too, if only, like them, they go to the Fountain of power and wisdom.
"Everything depends on whether our community is to be Chris- tian in name only or in very deed; whether we seek great things for ourselves or are content to follow in the footsteps of our Master, and tread the way of the Cross, rejoicing in obscurity, contempt and even obloquy, so long as we are faithful in our stewardship. For my part, I believe we have a great future before us if only we are stead- fastly loyal to our ideals."
Let other Christians take this stand rather than join in political agitation and the day of true pardon and righteousness will dawn in India.
COOPERATION IN PORTO RICO
ORTO RICO exemplifies, probably as well as any country in the world, the advantages of the cooperation of Protestant bodies in Christian work.
With the exception of large cities, such as San Juan and Ponce, which are open territory for any denomination to enter, the Island is under the principles and agreements of comity, in accordance with which large areas and single places are assigned for care to a single denomination, thus preventing strife and competition and the waste of missionary money through the needless duplication of plant and effort. Speaking generally, the Congregationalists are responsible for the eastern end of the Island and the Presbyterians for the west- ern end; the Methodists have a central position extending from the
1921] EDITORIAL COMMENT 431
southwest to the northwest; the Baptists are central and north, the Christians are on the south from Ponce eastward, while the United Brethren are on the south from Ponce westward; the Disciples and Lutherans have fields on the north, the former extending- from Baya- mon southward, and the latter from Bayamon northward, including Catano, while the Christian and Missionary Alliance cultivates a strip of territory on the north westward from Bayamon.
This spirit of cooperation has resulted in- the creation of "The Evangelical Seminary of Porto Rico" at Rio Piedras, ahout seven miles out of San Juan, an institution which is supported by the co- operating denominations through the allocation of members of the teaching staff and the sharing of common expenses. At present the Dean of the seminary is a Presbyterian, one professor is a Baptist and another is a Methodist. The number of students is now twenty. This one seminary takes the place of several lesser, inadequately equipped schools, which the denominations were trying to maintain, one for each denomination. Students have access to the classes of the University of Porto Rico, the campus of which is across the street from the seminary.
A conspicuous achievement by the cooperating denominations is the establishment and maintenance of a common Protestant religious weekly paper which has a circulation larger than any single paper or periodical, daily or weekly, published in the Island, with the excep- tion of one illustrated weekly paper, which slightly exceeds it. This paper is published in 'Ponce.
The separate denominations have also separate pieces of work which, largely because of the spirit of cooperation, bear a peculiarly effective testimony throughout the Island and aid the work of all denominations. The Union Church at San Juan, housed in a sub- stantial structure, represents both Methodists and Presbyterians, with members also from other denominations. It. is self-sustaining, paying its pastor a salary which compares favorably with the salaries paid in metropolitan pastorates. It contributed last year a thou- sand dollars equally divided, to the benevolences of the two denomi- nations which it represents.
The Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan is the best hospital on the Island. It can accommodate seventy patients and has treated in a single year more than thirty-eight thousand patients, who throng its clinics. The Ryder Memorial Hospital at Humacao, maintained by the Congregationalists, is beginning a similar work in the eastern end of the Island. The conviction was voiced in more than one place that hospitals should be multiplied in connection with missionary service.
The Robinson Home for Girls in San Juan, maintained by the Methodists, affords admirable influences and training for about fifty girls. At San German the Presbyterians are planning a great Poly-
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[June
technic Institution, at which after a beginning eight years ago already two hundred young people are gathered, a number which could be greatly increased, if there were room for more. Students are learn- ing to build in wood, stone and mortar, and how to acquire technical trades.
Not all the problems of the church in Porto Eico have been solved. Some of these are: 1. How shall the Church help to develop a substantial, industrial middle class, without which a democracy can scarcely exist? Some Christian laymen might discover the op- portunities in Porto Eico.
A commendable beginning in native church independence and self-support has been made. The rate of progress in this direc- tion depends upon the development of a native leadership, both lay and clerical. It would be unfortunate to have the native church of Porto Eico inherit the sectarian differences, or even the sectarian nomenclature and terminology derived from other lands and other centuries.
The social conditions of the Island are improving. Out of some of the humblest homes in the rural districts issue women, particu- larly the younger ones, neatly and prettily dressed in what we would call American clothes, and young men are met in country roads, as well as in the city streets, who are clad in neat suits, who wear straw hats and clean shirts and collars.
Schools now appear almost everywhere, from the large sub- stantial structures of the cities, to the smaller, 'less expensive build- ings in the villages and on the hillsides, all under the American flag. They are attended by hosts of well dressed, attractive, bright ap- pearing children. Only about one-third of the children of school age are attending school, but the failure of the two-thirds to attend seems to be due to lack of accommodations rather than to lack of willingness.
The Gospel of Jesus Christ is the great need of Porto Eico, and must fit into the minds and souls of Porto Eicans so as to govern and transform their lives.
THE NEW WOMAN OF EGYPT
IN THE Near East as well as in Asia the women are awaking to a new sense of their responsibility and their opportunities. Moslem women of the harems of Cairo have gone out to ha- rangue crowds in the streets in the interests of nationalism. It is difficult to estimate the results of a movement like this in Egypt, where 5,266,000 women out of 6,349,000 are illiterate. The masses of these women live in villages where there are no educational op- portunities for them, but the 115,257 Egyptian women who can read and write are demanding recognition.
1921]
EDITORIAL COMMENT
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Mrs. T. J. Finney of the United Presbyterian Mission in Egypt writes in the "Woman's Missionary Magazine":
' ' While in all Egypt less than two per cent of the women can read and write, in Cairo a little over eleven per cent are educated to a more or less degree. Many women of the better classes, even though they cannot read, take an intelligent interest in the events of the times. Even with these, it is only with a small proportion of the women of Egypt we are left to deal; but these are in the capital, Alexandria, and the larger cities, and it is from these cities the coun- try is influenced and governed.
"In Egypt with the birth of patriotism new national aspirations have opened up wonderful new thought. There has come the knowl- edge that there is a great world outside of Egypt, and with this knowledge, a desire to compete with this world, and to become a nation among nations. The most wonderful thing about it all is that a degree of religious tolerance, in a new sense has been brought about. If national recognition is to be deserved, then racial and religious bitterness between the component parts of that nation must go. The people must be educated and many reforms instituted. Thus it has come about that the new national sense has broken down barriers of race and religious prejudice that have existed for cen- turies between Moslems and Christians (Copts).
"Into all this new development, the women of Egypt have en- tered with great enthusiasm. In Cairo a large number of Coptic and Moslem ladies of the highest class are meeting to study together the betterment of social conditions and the general enlightenment of the people. They are laying great stress on the value of enlightened womanhood in the reconstruction of the nation. Women's clubs have been formed in the cities and the larger towns, whose aim is the uplift of the women and girls of the country. One such club in Cairo, called ' ' The New Woman, ' ' has a large membership of Coptic and Mohammedan women. At a bazaar, held by it recently, twenty thousand dollars was realized for a free school for girls of both religions.
These clubs and their activities have been organized and man- aged altogether by the women themselves, without any outside help. Many of these high-class Moslem women possess, or have accepted Bibles and are eager to learn what is in them. One such woman a short while ago, on being told that much of the Koran had been taken from Christianity and that, in order to understand it, she ought to read the Bible, earnestly begged for a Bible class so that she and the women of her standing might be taught.
Not many years ago the educated Moslem was shocked at the idea of his daughter's needing an education. Now he wishes pa- thetically that his wife were educated so that she might take her place beside him.
TIBETAN'S BEING BAPTIZED AS CHRISTIANS AT BATANG BY LEE GWAY GWAN
ON SUNDAY, August 10th, an impressive baptismal service took place at Batang, Tibet, when thirty-one persons were baptized, including the two daughters of Dr. A. L. Shcl- ton. Five were full-blooded Tibetans, seventeen were Chinese and others were of mixed descent.
One Chinese of the number had formerly made his living by fortune telling, a thing in which most of the people of Batang put great faith. He confessed that he had known this was false when he practiced it, but that he had done it merely to make money. Then lie took his fortune-telling book and tore it to pieces before the crowd, saying, "You are foolish if yon believe this, for I don't be- lieve in it myself."
Another was the wife of the evangelist, Lee Gway Gwan, who baptized all the group. This man had been taken into Dr. Shelton's home, almost a beggar, years ago, and has developed into an excel- lent preacher to his own people. He exerts a wide and helpful influence in Batang. On this occasion he addressed the new Chris- tians as soldiers of Christ, reminding them that they must be pre- pared for warfare with Satan and his hosts; and exhorting them to pray, not only for themelves and for one another but most of all for those who persecute them.
The day of the service was also an important day with the local priests, a day when their idol was brought out and all must hasten to worship it, or be in trouble with the priests. When about half way through the baptismal service the gong sounded, but not a person left to attend the idol service.
434
NORTH AFRICA— THE SUDAN
Unreached Fields of Central Africa
H. K. W. KUMM, PH.D., SUMMIT, N. J. General Secretary of the American Branch of the Sudan United Mission
THE backbone of the continent of Africa is the watershed be- tween the Nile, the Congo and the Shari — a watershed that until recently no white man had ever crossed. Five hundred miles to the north are the borders of the Sahara ; five hundred miles to the east is the greatest swamp in the world, the Sud region of the Upper Nile ; five hundred miles to the south lies the mighty sweep of the Horseshoe Bend of the Congo ; and five hundred miles to the west the Shari Valley.
Here in the heart of the unexplored in Africa is the frontier line between Mohammedanism and Paganism — the line that stretches from the Senegal to Abyssinia. It is the largest unoccupied mission field in the world. The nearest mission station to the east is six hundred miles away ; the nearest to the south lies beyond five hundred miles of virgin forest on the Congo ; and the nearest to the north (be- yond Darfur and Wadai and beyond the Sahara) is Tripoli on the Mediterranean, two thousand miles away. The region is geograph- ically known as the Central African Ironstone Plateau, one of the strategic centers for Christian work among non-Christian peoples.
435
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The topography of this important region of Central Africa affects its healthfulness and accessibility. The plateau-lands of the interior, with the Mediterranean coast and South Africa, are the healthiest parts of the continent. White men have occupied British East Africa because it is seven thousand feet above sea-level. In Northern Nigeria, the Bukuru Plateau — the western extremity of the Central African Ironstone Plateau — is five thousand feet above sea- level. On it are found four of the twenty-five stations of the Sudan United Mission and of the Church Missionary Society. South of Lake Chad lie Mount Atlantik and the hills and dales of Adamawa, and south of Wadai extends the great Central African watershed. Between this watershed and Adamawa the lands of the Shari are low- lying, and to the east of the watershed, between it and Abys- sinia, are the swamps of the Upper Nile, but a large part of this region is high and health- ful. It is bordered on the north by the Sahara. Sokoto, Kanem, Wadai, Darfur and Kordofan have a delightful climate for six months of the year, being swept by the winter breezes of the des- ert. Although there is a certain amount of malaria and sleeping sickness in the river valleys, the plateau is free from these mal- adies.
The accessibility of an inland country, unless roads and rail- ways have been constructed, de- pends upon navigable rivers, three of which traverse this country — the Niger, the Shari and the Nile. The Niger system, including the Benue, is navigable by river steamers for a thousand miles for six months of the year, the Shari for six hundred miles, and the Nile from Uganda to Berber and the Nubian Desert. You can travel today by rail and river from the west coast to Tim- buctu. An up-to-date train will carry you inexpensively from Lagos to Kano in Northern Nigeria. When the Cape to Cairo Railway has been completed, the stupendous scheme of Cecil Rhodes will be an accomplished fact.
The population of the Sudan belongs to two branches of the human family — the Hamitic and the Sudanese — the former including the Nubians, Bishareen and Hadendowa in the east, and the Fulanis in the west. These tribes were called Hamitic by Professor Lepsius,
TWO MOHAMMEDAN MISSIONARIES AMONG THE DINKAS OF THE SUDAN
2
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the famous Egyptologist, to distinguish them from the Semitic peo- ples and the Bantus. They are lighter in color than the Negroes — some of them copper-colored and some of them almost white. Their lips are thin, their noses frequently aquiline, and they are usually tall and slender. Their women sometimes approach the beautiful Grecian type. Their languages are not related to the Berber tongues or to Amharic (Abyssinia). The Hamitic peoples — some of whom may have been Christian in the early centuries — are now all Moham- medan. They are the ruling peoples in the Central African sultan- ates. Massena'is as large as Pennsylvania, Gando as Wisconsin, Bornu is larger than New York, Bagirmi a little smaller than Ohio ; Wadai is the size of Montana ; Darf ur equals the combined areas of Colorado, Kansas and Oklahoma. In none of these states is there a Christian missionary. ''It is as if the United States had one mis- sionary in Maine, one in Texas, and not a ray of light between," says Professor Naylor in his "Daybreak in the Dark Continent."
South of these sultanates, with their Hamitic and Negro peoples, we find a conglomerate of pagan tribes speaking Sudanese languages, inhabiting the mountains and swamps that stretch like a chain across the continent. In many cases they have fortified their mountain fastnesses. They are brave and liberty-loving, and have maintained their independence and their fetish worship with poisoned spears and arrows in a war of five hundred years against the onslaught of the Mohammedan armies from the north.
When these tribes become Mohammedan they will be Moslem mis- sionaries for the rest of Africa. One tribe which has already embraced Islam, has sent its representatives, as Moslem traders and propa- gandists to the Guinea Coast. If the strong, virile tribes of the Cen- tral African Plateau are won over to Islam the weaker forest and coast people will follow.
It is almost impossible to estimate the religious influence of the great Central African sultanates — restrained for centuries by natural barriers, mountains, swamps and dense forests, but now surmounted by highroads of trade and traffic — upon the pagan tribes of Central Africa.
Mohammedanism is anti-Christian and anti-progressive in its es- sence, and lands where Islam has been permitted to hold sway un- disturbed for centuries show the utter failure of this religion to produce a high and stable type of civilization.
Africans may accept the Mohammedan faith more easily than they accept Christianity for the reason that Islam makes compro- mises, permits polygamy and other evils. But given a fair field and no political influence in favor of Islam, the Christian missionary need not fear the Moslem religious emissary. In Uganda where Moham- medan traders and teachers preceded the Christian missionary Chris- tianity is today paramount. The Christian religion — the religion of
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love — is the most natural religion for the child, and for the child-
races.
On entering the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from the west, on a journey across Africa in 1909, the Bongo chief explained that since the British occupation they had been compelled to permit Moslem traders to travel freely through their country. These traders were degrading their women ; and the young boys of the tribe were learn- ing the faith of Mahomet. The chief of the Kreish — a pagan only a few years before — had been on a pilgrimage to Mecca. The Bongo
SOME MOHAMMEDAN CONVERTS IN THE SUDAN
chief asked for a Christian teacher; and the Kreish chief would still be prepared to welcome a white instructor.
The following are the most important tribes in the Sudan still without a Christian missionary :
Angeo-Egyptian Sudan
1. The Kreish
2. The Banda
3. The Beir
4. The Bongo
5. The Shuli
6. The Bari
7. The Makraka
8. The Bolanda (on Jur River)
9. The Ngolgolawa (at Kossenga) 10. The Golo
11. The Shatt (Close to Tshaktshak)
12. The Mandala (North of Kos-
senga)
13. The Jur
14. The Berta (Three sub-divisions
on Abyssinian frontier)
Central Sudan In Bornu Province
15. The Bedde
16. The Kerri-Kerri
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17. The Bolawa
18. The Barbur
31. The Kkka
32. The M'bula
19. The Burra-Nyung
20. The Marghi
21. The Camerghu
22. The Buduma
33. The Kotoko
34. The Musgun
35. The Lam
In Adamawa
In Muri Province 23. The Gurkawa
56. The Rei Buba 37. The M'bum
24. The Ankoi
25. The Gazum
26. The Montoil
38. The Ailim
39. The Sara
40. The M'bai
41. The Dai
42. The M'hala
43. The Laka
44. The Baya
45. The Mandjia
46. The N'Duka
47. The N'gao
In the Shari Basin
In Bauchi Province
27. The Burrumawa
28. The Jarawa
In Kano Province
29. The Maguzawa
In Yola Province
30. The Mumie
The following language of these tribes should be reduced to writing :
(1. The Mandjia
It is most important to stem the tide of Islam in Africa. A chain of Christian mission stations across the continent will only be a front line trench. It is a case of emergency, and unless the Church awakes and undertakes the task she will be defeated in Africa.
What are Christians in America doing to meet this serious situ- ation! This is not some isolated, negligible district; these are not some far-off, unimportant tribes, but a vast region of nations that will make or mar the future of Africa. With the exception of two stations of the United Presbyterian Church in the Egyptian Sudan, and a few of the smaller denominations that have lately joined in the work of the Sudan United Mission, not one of the great denomina- tional societies of America holds a single post on this border-line of I shun. "There is no greater opportunity for noble missionary serv- ice and superb Christian heroism today than the contest for the reli- gions conquest of pagan Africa."
It is time that missionary societies began to grapple with the problem of the future of Central Africa. Ethiopia is stretching out her hands to God — the tribes are asking for teachers; Christ is stretching out His hands to Ethiopia. We may link those out- stretched hands of the dusky children of the Dark Continent with the outstretched hands of the Christ.
a. The Banda
b. The Kreish
c. The Sara
e. The M'bum
f. The Musgnn
g. The Rei Buba
In the Sudan — Five Against Seven Hundred*
BY MRS. D. S. OYLER, DOLEIB HILL, EGYPTIAN SUDAN Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church
fT^HE Dinka in the Egyptian Sudan is semi-nomadic, so that work among them is exceedingly difficult. For five or six months of the year they live near the river, to provide a graz- ing place for their cattle, and then when the rains come on, all the villages are deserted for the people go inland to plant their fields of kaffir corn. Such conditions necessitate a change of location every year. Three young missionaries located at Melut, which appeared more of a center than any other place.
THE AUSTRALIAN MISSION DISPENSARY, MELUT. EGYPTIAN SUDAN
Dr. Trudinger has many Arab patients from the village of Melut and the majority of his patients are Dinkas. He has had un- usual success in surgical cases even though they are performed under difficult conditions. One strong, well-built young fellow from a dis- tant village, who was suffering from a large goitre, told the doctor that he did not mind the pain, but he wanted it to be removed because all the girls refused to marry him. The doctor was without proper equipment so that the operation had to be performed in the open, but
*The Australian branch of the Sudan United Mission began its work about seven years ago, at Melut, in the Upper Nile Province of the Sudan. The original workers consisted of three young men. one of whom was a doctor, and their thought was to use Melut as a base, and work among the inland Dinkas.
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it proved successful, and subsequently the young man was able to find a girl who would marry him.
The Sudan presents a great opportunity for medical work. In its fourteen great provinces there are only four missionary doctors at the present time, two of whom have charge of a hospital in Omdur- man, under the Church Missionary Society. During the past months a new doctor has arrived, and he will be located near the Uganda border. Dr. Trudinger is the only doctor working among the pagan tribes in the southern Sudan, who has had any practical experience among natives.
On the other hand it is doubtful if there is a village in the south- ern Sudan that does not have a witch doctor. Each of them is op- posed to mission work for the same reason that the sorcerers opposed the Apostle Paul in his work.
In the Upper Nile province, in which Melut is located, Dr. Tru- dinger is the only representative of the Australian Mission. In the same province, the American Mission (United Presbyterian) has four workers, three ministers, and one industrial missionary. These are working among the Shullas and Nuers. In this district there are seven hundred licensed traders, each a missionary for Moham- medanism. In this territory as large as the state of Iowa are seven hundred Mohammedan missionaries, as against five missionaries of Christ. With God's blessing on the five workers they may become as powerful as Gideon's band in opposing the Midianites.
SOME RESULTS OF MISSIONS IN AFRICA
When an African becomes a Christian he wants to be decent and wants to have his wife and children properly housed, clothed, fed and educated.
The missionary establishes Christian homes, schools, churches and industries. These affect the commercial and political relations and aspira- tions of the African, as well as his religious life.
If business men should pay all the cost of missions in Africa, the in- vestment would be worth the cost even from a financial point of view.
Medical missions are among the greatest needs and the greatest forces for the uplift of Africa. Sleeping sickness alone has destroyed 65 per cent of the people in some districts.
There are only twenty-six Protestant medical missionaries for 80,- 000,000 Moslems and pagans in Africa. Medical missionaries are called "Makers-of -people-glad."
Africa needs teachers — 280,000 are required to supply one for every fifty children in Central Africa alone.
There is in Africa only one missionary on the average to every 133,- 000 people.
Neglected Fields in Brazil
BY H. C. TUCKER Agent of the American Bible Society, Author of "The Bible in Brazil"
THE' Evangelical Christendom, London, says in an editorial on "The Spiritual State of South America": " Bishop Every, who has for many years been Anglican Bishop in South America, says, 'There is unfortunately no question as to the debased moral atmosphere of Latin American lands, and it is impossible not to hold the Church largely responsible. There is no Christian or partially Christian public opinion. Integrity and clean living are not expected. Honor and truth are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance to vice. . . . Among the mass of educated men faith is dead. Religion is a matter of custom, not conviction.' There is much more of the same sad summarizing in the Bishop's words, which constitute a call to missionary effort that cannot be ignored. Yet the Bishop, while lamenting that the Anglican Church in England cannot emulate the action of the Ameri- can Church in Brazil, dwells on the peculiar difficulties of evangeliz- ing the nominal Roman Catholic population, which is the material close at hand."
Lord Bryce has recently said, "South America, which has hitherto, except at rare intervals, stood outside, has now begun to affect the commercial and financial movements of the world. She may before long begin to affect its movements in other ways also, and however little we can predict the part her peoples will play, it must henceforth be one of growing significance for the Old World as well as for the New."
The speedy evangelization and Christian up-building of the peoples of South America must be the determining factor of the nature and extent of the influence this continent is to exercise in the future history of the world.
Of great importance are the Neglected Fields of Brazil. Let us in the first place try to define these fields. First, there are the numerous unreached tribes of wild Indians scattered over a vast ter- ritory in the interior of Brazil; then there is a large population living in country settlements and villages remote from railroads and the influences of modern progress ; and there are still certain classes of individuals in the large cities, the centers of education and indus- try, to whom no adequate presentation of the Gospel message has yet been made.
Let us briefly consider these fields in the order indicated. So far as territory and certain problems of a more material nature are
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concerned the field of the wild Indians in Brazil is the largest and most difficult to be occupied and cultivated.
In the year 1889, I made my first journey of more than a thou- sand miles up the Amazon River and had occasion to go short dis- tances up a few of its numerous tributaries. I wrote at that time in my diary, "One of the chief sections of the country inhabited by the wild Indians is the great interior highlands and the valleys of the Amazon and its tributaries. Much of this territory has never been explored, and no one knows how many souls there are waiting yet to be Christianized and civilized. Persons who have been among some of the tribes and over parts of the country, estimate them at from four hundred thousand to two millions. Judging from the extent of the territory and some facts given recently by German explorers, a reasonable estimate of the number of Indians through all Brazil would be nearly a million and a half. These explorers reported the discovery of seven new tribes of peaceable and industrious Indians in the hitherto unexplored valley of Xingu River. If all the un- known regions were carefully explored it might be revealed that we have even more than a million of dusky relatives in these wilds who have never yet seen the light or felt the influences of Christianity and modern civilization.
"The greater part of these people know nothing of the true God and His Son Jesus Christ as revealed in the Holy Scriptures. They never use the word Father in connection with their deities, but al- ways Mother, — Mother of the living, Mother of vegetable life, Mother of reproduction, — and thus the Mariolatry of Rome, Mother of God, found an easy introduction. They seem to have no concep- tion of Satan. There are evidences that they believe in immortality. When a corpse is buried they deposit pots containing food; also the firearms of the dead that he may provide himself with game. In the valley of the Amazon some tribes bury their dead in their huts, in the hope that they may be visited while they are asleep by the spirits of those who loved thorn. These facts and others go to prove that they have some faint ideas of a future life, but one far from the Christian's hope of a blessed immortality. I was told that many of those who had been taught to work were bought and sold by the rubber gatherers and others just as African slaves used to be. One man said to me that he had seven Indian boys employed on a small boat on a trip up one of the rivers and was offered about $150 apiece for them. ' '
I have had occasion to return to the Amazon twice since thai time; and further investigations and observations have impressed me with the wide and needy fields for missionary endeavor and enterprise far up the numerous tributaries of this great river sys- tem reaching into the heart of Brazil. The Republics of Bolivia and Peru await the Christian Church.
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A personal friend of mine in Brazilian government service re- cently spent some time in surveying and locating an agricultural and industrial project far up the waters of the Rio Branco; he was deeply impressed with the conditions and needs of the Indians in that section and told me that he was convinced that there is great opportunity for an industrial Christian Mission among those red men of the forest.
The marvelous achievement of American engineering and sani- tary skill in building the Madeira-Marmore Railroad through the swamps and around the falls, a distance of 220 miles to the borders of Bolivia, commands the admiration of all. I know from personal observation and acquaintance with some of the engineers, construc- tors and doctors of that great enterprise that their kindness to the Indians has made a profound impression and won confidence. This of itself is an asset for the Christian missionaries who may seek to establish work among these men, and lead them on into the knowledge and enjoyment of the love of Christ.
The Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition across the wilds of Brazil in 1914 awakened interest concerning some of the tribes that inhabit that almost unexplored region. Colonel Rondon, who has accom- plished a remarkable piece of work in locating a government tele- graph line from Matto Grosso on the La Plata side to the Madeira in the Amazon valley, has for a number of years been taking a grow- ing interest in the Indians of the unexplored interior. In the year 1909 he obtained the first definite information concerning a tribe known as the Arikemes. For two years efforts were made to estab- lish relations with them, and in 1911 the rubber gatherers were able to have friendly intercourse with this Arikeme tribe. A report given by Colonel Rondon indicates that these Indians have shown remark- able capacity and readiness to learn the ways of civilized man. Un- fortunately the methods used by some who sought intercourse with them have been disastrous and degrading. Colonel Rondon was horrified with the situation when he Avent into the territory of the Arikemes in 1913 and at once set to work to counteract and remove the evils. Colonel Rondon succeeded in locating eleven different tribes, and by showing kindness and love for them has been able to start work of an industrial and civilizing nature.
I have been in sections inhabited by the Indians in Bahia and Minas Geraes, Espirito Santo, Parana and Santa Catharina, and have learned something of the efforts that the government has made from time to time for civilizing and uplifting these Aborigines ; my observations however lead me to the conclusion that in the absence of the evangelical Christian motive and basis very little of perma- nent value and blessing is accomplished.
The second neglected field of Brazil of which I know is an exten- sive region of country, between the forests inhabited by the wild
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Indians and the narrow section of the Republic bordering the sea- coast and served by railroads extending a short distance inland. The population of several millions in this field is composed chiefly of descendants of the Portuguese and domesticated Indians with a con- siderable mixture of Negroes. Many of them are descendants of Indian and Negro concubines and slaves that the early Portuguese adventurers and settlers took from these primitive races. Very few of them can read, and their modes of living and their customs are most rude and primitive. They are settled in small villages and scattered in remote settlements over vast regions of country extend- ing the whole length of the Republic. Together with the colporteurs of the American Bible Society, I have made extensive journeys through this field. The people are generally peaceful, kind, hos- pitable, indolent, self-satisfied and indifferent as regards the advan- tages of the wealth-accumulating, modern world. They are back- ward and undeveloped; their religion is a strange mixture of some of the traditions and rites of Roman Catholicism, the paganism of the Indians, and the fetichism that Negroes brought over from Africa. There are among them famous shrines of miracle-working images; the people make and perform vows to these images with conviction and fidelity. They make long pilgrimages to pay their vows and deposit their offerings at the feet of their gods. A few years ago I visited one of these shrines, the famous Bom Jesus de Lapa, and learned many interesting things about the place. The altar is in. a grotto which has been enclosed and fitted up somewhat in the style of a church. The irregular walls are thickly hung with figures of hands, feet and other parts, as well as some of the whole body, representing cures of wounds, the bites of snakes and poison- ous insects, and all manner of diseases and deformities. There are also figures of animals that were likewise supposed to have been cured of poisonous bites. The devotees made vows that if healed they would make these figures hang as so many testimonials to the power of the image.
Pilgrimages to the temple were not large or very frequent until about 1860. From that date they began to increase ; and it is esti- mated that as many as 25,000 persons have gone annually to worship at this shrine. It is believed to possess extraordinary healing power, which accounts for the almost incredible statement, that in a region so sparsely settled 25,000 pilgrims would come annually to worship. These poor devotees have contributed from $8,000 to $10,000 a year in votive offerings to the image. The iron box at its feet is ever ready to receive all contributions. Bom Jesus de Lapa, in the year 1874, owned three farms well stocked with cattle and horses, a number of slaves, and $50,000 in cash. Before the emanci- pation act of 1888 it had freed all the slaves, but it is still in posses- sion of the farms, and always has plenty of ready cash on hand.
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These shrines and miracle-working images are scattered all through the country and hold powerful sway in the religious thought and life of the masses of the people.
On journeys in the interest of the Bible work I have visited many sections and sought definite information concerning the in- habitants of this great neglected field. In one village of about one hundred and fifty inhabitants I found only three persons who could read. One of these was a visitor from a distant settlement; there was a rude little church in the village, but the people told me they had not seen a priest for seven years. Many similar incidents might be cited to set forth the real conditions of life in which these millions are living, waiting for the dawn of a better day.
And now we come to the third section of the great neglected field. In the enlightened, educated, progressive parts of the coun- try, near the coast, along the railroads, in commercial and industrial centers, there are multitudes of the educated, refined and governing classes to whom as yet no adequate presentation of the claims of Christ and His Gospel have been made. They have long since lost faith in the form and practices of religion prevalent in the country, and not having had the Bible and pure Christianity specially pressed upon their attention, they have drifted away from all serious re- ligious conviction and thought, and have fallen into indifference and all manner of unbelief and skepticism.
The methods of work that the evangelical missions have been able to carry on up to the present, have not provided special agencies adapted to reach and attract the people of these circles.
The student circles in several centers are large and growing. The Young Men's Christian Association might provide for special work to reach and evangelize them. There should be an evangelical ministry, and literature adapted to attract interest and minister to the needs of these large classes of students, and of the educated, prosperous and influential people who move in spheres of social and intellectual life, not yet specially invaded by the missionary and native ministry.
Experience and observation indicate that these students and the educated classes are not always entirely indifferent as to matters of religion and the Bible. I may quote here a sentence or two from a report of one of our colporteurs handed in a few days ago. I urged him to make special effort to try to circulate the Bible among the student body of the city of Rio de Janeiro. We made the sug- gestion a matter of earnest prayer and he came in later and handed me this statement :
"In the School of Law on Floriano Peixoto Street in a few days, I sold about 40 Bibles and a number of copies of the Psalms. Among a large number of young men I have noted some interest and high appreciation of the moral and religious value of the Bible notwith-
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standing their lack of confidence owing to their Roman Catholic education. What has greatly impressed and surprised me has been the ready acceptance with which this precious book has been re- ceived by them.
"The last three days among the young men in the Medical School during the four hours daily that they remain in the lobbies of the school, I have been surrounded by a large group of students examining the book, reading, discussing, and making comparisons. It was notable that one large class, with the exception of three or four young men, bought Bibles, even the President of the school him- self bought a copy. One thing that strikes me favorably is that dur- ing all these years that colporteurs have worked assiduously among the people of the city, I have never known a time when the people showed such deep interest in the reading of this Book. Can it be that we are in the very beginning of a great religious awakening? God permit that it may be so ; and may He richly bless our humble friends."
An increasing number of young men from this field are going to the United States to be educated, where many of them are brought under religious influences and convictions. Returning home they find no special evangelical Christian work among the classes of society to which they belong and consequently soon drift with the current of indifference and worldliness.
If there was a mission and ministry to the circles in society to which they belong, these students would find a congenial atmosphere on their return to Brazil and would be a valuable acquisition to the Christian forces. It would not be an easy matter to overstate the case of this part of the neglected field and to urge the claims of these millions who are largely guiding the destiny of the nation.
The needs of these three neglected sections of the great Neg- lected Field, from the wild interior outward to the enlightened and progressive coast might be reversed in order and emphasis put upon the method of the work and its beneficial and logical results among the educated, governing and progressive classes. They in turn might become missionary in spirit and practice, and find a large oppor- tunity in the interior for their service and gifts. Whatever the methods that may be thought wisest, the claims of the three sections are strong and perhaps all three phases of the problem should be attacked at the same time.
, "It is of supreme importance that the churches move to- gether. The international responsibility of the Church is so vast, so difficult and so urgent that nothing less than united plan and action will avail."— John R. Mott.
INSIDE THE STAR OF HOPE MISSION, PATERSON, N. J.
The Star of Hope in Paterson
BY PETER STAM, JR., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
PETER STAM was born in Holland, the son of a country inn- keeper. While he assisted in the inn he became an agile bil- liard player, an expert drink-mixer, and an amateur actor on the country stage. His father, besides being an inn-keeper, con- ducted a ship-dismantling business, and the son shared many a perilous journey over the North Sea in convoying homeward disabled ships.
At the age of twenty -three the young man came to America in search of adventure and "to make his fortune." In order to learn the English language quickly, he settled in an American community and later moved to Paterson, New Jersey. He was, in succession, a mason's laborer, a jewelry peddler, a printer, a silk-finisher and a carpenter.
On one of his jewelry-peddling trips he met a quiet Christian young lady, also from Holland, who led him to the Saviour and who afterwards became his wife. A woman in Hackensack also helped him by giving him a Holland-English Testament. After his mar- riage the Lord prospered him and in ten to fifteen years he had a large business as builder, lumber dealer and real estate agent.
About fifteen years ago, with a group of workers, he began to hold monthly meetings in the Paterson almshouse and later added meetings in the county jail, in hospitals, rescue homes, and in the open air. The officials in charge of the institutions saw the value of his work and gave him their cooperation.
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At these meetings there have been some remarkable conversions. "Old John" a notorious silk mill robber, listened in his prison cell to the speaking and singing; he was convicted of sin, and confessed to several robberies of which he had not been suspected. After his prison term, John joined the church and has constantly witnessed to his Saviour for more than five years.
As Mr. Stam prospered and his interest in mission work grew, the desire became stronger to devote his entire life and money to the Lord's work, and he gradually devoted less time to business until in 1919 he sold out his lumber yard and established the first "Star of Hope Mission" about five years ago in a small rented room in the Jewish section of Paterson. This has since moved to new quarters. Then a larger vision opened before him. After prisoners were re- leased from jail they found the world hostile and no home awaiting them. Realizing the need of a suitable place to take care of those who wished an opportunity to do better, Mr. Stam determined to build an ideal mission home, with full provisions for giving material as well as spiritual help to those in need.
An old livery stable, cobwebbed and rat-infested, was in some months utterly transformed into a modern plant worth $50,000. On the first floor is a large and commodious auditorium, with piano, choir gallery, and seats for about 600 people. There is also a read- ing room, reception hall, office, clothes dispensary, and garage for a Gospel auto for open-air work. On the second floor is a sewing room, a suite of six rooms for the assistant missionary and his family, a dis- infecting room, bath room, and twelve bed rooms, available for those worthy of support.
There are five or six regularly paid workers, augmented in sum- mer by others who help in the out-of-doors meetings. There are also many volunteer speakers, singers and players. Mr. Stam has been successful in getting many laymen interested. Missionary volunteers have been raised up for other fields. In the last few years, twenty-four young people have through its influence decided to give their lives to the work of Christ, one of whom has gone to Africa, one to South America, and others are engaged in Paterson, Chicago, Grand Rapids and elsewhere.
One of the recent annual reports gives some idea of the large work done by the mission :
Meetings held during the year — in prison, 73; almshouse, 39; isolation hospital, 10; Holland Home, 7; Florence Crittenton Home, 5; Gypsy Camp, 3; regular meetings in Star of Hope, 148; Sabbath School, 43; sewing class, 23; open air meetings, 50; mission meetings in churches, 5 ; funeral services among foreigners, 4.
Visits made — in prison, 48; almshouse, 8; hospital, 41 ; calls at homes of prisoners, indifferent, sick, strangers, etc., 788.
John H. Wyburn — A Friend Indeed
Late Superintendent of the McAuley Water Street Mission BY ERNEST. D. PIERSON, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
THE earth-life of John H. Wyburn, the friend of the friendless, of the despised and rejected of men, closed on March 17, 1921, at the McAuley Water Street Mission, which has been for over twenty years the center of his untiring labors for God and hu- manity. His memory will not soon fade from the hearts of the thou- sands in America and England whom he helped to raise from degra- dation to righteousness. Many of these men, saved from the slavery of sin to enjoy the freedom of God, have dedicated their new life to saving others. They have entered the ministry and evangel- istic work, they were called to di- rect missions in various parts of the country, while many are en- gaged in Christian and rescue work in their own communities. So the seed sown in McAuley Mission has been carried far and wide, and has brought forth con- stant and abundant harvests.
John H. Wyburn was himself a regenerated man. For some years during his early manhood he had lived in the bondage of strong drink. He knew what it meant to fall from a comfortable estate, to lose all that men hold tohn h. wyburn
most dear and to sound the
depths of want and despair. It might have been said of him in those bitter years, as Dante's fellow-citizens said of him, that he had vis- ited hell. The remembrance of those sad, never forgotten experi- ences, made John Wyburn tender towards erring humanity and espe- cially for the weaker ones who fell and fell again. "We never give a man up in Water Street" he often said, and would mention certain men who had again and again succumbed to temptation but who even- tually won out and are today consistent Christian workers. No man is a hopeless case, though the world may consider him beyond saving. The immortal element within him is only drugged, or sleeping, and the Spirit of God is able to revivify and transform his whole being. The "House of Miracles" is a name well justified by the history
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of Water Street Mission. Here the halt and the lame are made to walk, the blind to see, men are even raised from the dead. Many down there tell every night the story of their redemption. It seems incred- ible that these prosperous-looking men have been transformed from the wastage of society. Infidels attracted to the mission out of curi- osity, if they did not come to scoff, have remained to pray.
"What impresses me most about the converts of the McAuley .Mission is the happiness they find in serving God," said a distin- guished visitor. "So many Christians seem to take religion sourly, and do not get real joy out of it as you do here."
John H. Wyburn was a happy man, and he generated sunshine wherever he went. The heart-breaking trials and disappointments of rescue-mission work were never allowed to cloud his hopes. His patience was infinite and his faith never wavered. He had himself come successfully through discouraging and backsliding experiences, so that he did not despair of others.
John H. Wyburn was born in Taunton, England, on March 17, 1858, and came to America at the age of nineteen. He entered the grocery business and was so successful that in a few years he was in a fair way to acquire wealth. He joined a Baptist church and was pressed into active work in the Sunday-school as secretary and assistant li- brarian. As he afterwards acknowledged, his religion had not touched him deeply for he had joined the church as a respectable thing for a business man to do. He had not accepted Christ as his personal Saviour, Friend, and Master of his life. As a result he fell away and drink gradually acquired a mastery over him. He was generous-hearted, and fond of gay companionship. Those who choose the easiest way do not readily learn that the flowery fetters that seem so easy to sever, in time become bands of steel that grow heavier day by day until the poor victim loses power to escape by his own strength. So the time came when John Wyburn was helpless in the grip of the habit that Avas ruining his life. He sometimes disappeared for months so that his family were obliged to advertise for him. It was during one of these disappearances that his business was taken a way from him on the ground that he was a habitual drunkard. When he found that the courts had practically pronounced him an outlaw he plunged more deeply into dissipation in order to forget. One day — thirty-two years ago — a convert of the McAuley Mission gave him a letter of introduction to S. H. Hadley as a man who would help him. John Wyburn knew nothing then of the McAuley Mission, or that .Mr. Hadley was then the superintendent, but thought that here was perhaps an opportunity to make a strike for ten dollars. Mr. Had- ley was not at home when the wretched drunkard called, so he spent the afternoon wandering about trying to borrow money. Fortunately he did not obtain much for his remaining friends were few, and in the evening he found his way back to the Water Street Mission. He
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awoke from a heavy sleep in the chapel, still clutching the letter of introduction to Mr. Hadley. What occurred at the interview when he presented his letter is best described in Mr. Wyburn 's own words:*
"After Mr. Hadley read the letter through he said, 'Well, what can I do for you ?' I told him that I wanted to get sobered up so that I could go back to my business. 'And is that all you want?' he asked. A moment later, his face beaming with light and love, he said. 'What you need, dear brother, is Jesus Christ as your Friend and Saviour ; He will sober you up and you will never want another drink.' I accepted his invitation to stay for the meeting."
Mr. Wyburn never forgot that meeting which "turned his life around," led to his regeneration and made him the instrument under God of saving many who had fallen like himself. The testimonies of saved men heard that night brought him comfort and hope ; here was what he needed, here was a cure for all his ills. But a victory over self was not won at once. His story is: "I went to the penitent form at the close of the meeting, and the devil followed me every step of the way. When I got down on my knees to pray, he very vividly brought to my mind my old life of unbelief, and he said, 'What's the use of your praying! You don't believe in prayer anyhow.' I got up and down, up and down several times, but the victory was finally won and sweet deliverance came to me — victory through the might and power of the blessed blood of Jesus, and from that moment I have never wanted a drink of whiskey. Just before this every drop of blood in my veins was crying out for whiskey. It had been impos- sible for me to satisfy the craving. But Jesus had taken me at my word the very second I said 'I will.' The old life passed away and Jesus came into my heart and life and made it impossible for me to drink. A new man in Christ Jesus does not "want whiskey and though I suffered the tortures of the damned — and while it seemed as if all the demons in hell were tugging at my life — yet Jesus was with me all night long. It was the most strenuous fight I ever had. The devil was after my soul. He had me once, 'tis true, but he let me go and he can't have me any more. From that time I have been a free man in Christ Jesus."
Mr. Wyburn determined from that hour to devote his life to the rescue of others who had fallen through drink. He developed a pas- sionate desire to save souls, and after a few years in the ranks of rescue mission workers became Superintendent of the Bowery Mis- sion. In 1899 he resigned to go out West but returned to New York in 1900 to become Mr. Hadley 's assistant at the McAuley Mission. On the latter 's death he was elected to the office of superintendent and so continued until he was called Home.
John Wyburn 's qualities endeared him to all with whom he was brought in contact. He was of a kind-hearted disposition with an eager and unfailing sympathy for all who were in trouble.
•Told by Philip I. Roberts, in "The Dry Dock of a Thousand Wrecks" (Fleming H. Revel] Company).
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His patience was often sorely tested but his sunny smile was full of benevolence and love, and carried with it a blessing that warmed the heart. He was modest and retiring, shunning the lime- light, yet somehow he dominated the scene wherever he was. His company was inspiring and ennobling, you were conscious of spiritual poverty and yearned to be a better man. He captured the hearts of men by soft approaches and not by storming the citadel which is often the way, and effective, with some evangelists. At the services in the mission he encouraged the converts to lead while he took an inconspicuous position. But "where he sat was the head of the table."
Mr. Wyburn owed much during the strenuous years of struggle at the McAuley Mission to the unfailing stimulus and the cooperation of Mrs. Wyburn, and of his daughter Elizabeth. His wife shared his enthusiasm, his eagerness to save souls, and their home in the mission building was a social center where all were welcomed. Here the young convert struggling painfully up the slope towards the light found himself in a different atmosphere from that which he had known in his years of wandering away from the decencies of life. This happy Christian household reminded him of a home, of a wife forsaken, and awakened dreams that the joys of the past might again be realized. As a result, many families were reunited after long years through the kind offices of the superintendent and his faithful wife, and wayward boys long lost returned to the mother and the fireside to which they had been so long strangers.
In Flanders and France and other lands of the Allies stately monuments arise to the fame of great soldiers, the captains of march- ing men, conspicuous for bravery and in the arts of destruction. A modest stone in Greenwood marks the last resting place of a great soldier of Christ who saved thousands in His Name. He lives in their hearts today. There can be no nobler memorial.
O U'E' LAMB
By Paul Lawrence Dunbar, The Negro Poet
O tell de Sliepud whaih you hide ; O HT lamb out in de col',
He want you walkin' by His side, De Mastah call you to de fol',
OUT lamb! OUT lamb!
He know you weak, He know you so' ; But come, don't stay away no mo,' O HT lamb!
An' atah while de lamb he hyeah De Shepud's voice a-callin' cleah — Sweet HT lamb !
He answah from de brambles thick, "O Shepud, Ise a-comin' quick," — Yo' HT lamb!
He hyeah you bleatin* on de hill ; Come hyeah an' keep yo' mo'nin' still. O HT lamb!
De Mastah sen' de Shepud fo'f ; He wandah Souf, he wandah No'f, O HT lamb!
He wandah Eas,' he wandah Wes'; The win' a-renchin' at his breas', O HT lamb!
A Doctor's Experience in West Africa
BY DR. H. L. WEBER, EFULAN, KAMERUN, WEST AFRICA
' 'T 7 OUNG man, what are you going to do with your life? " was the | question that D. L. Moody put to me one day years ago as we
came down from ' ' Round Top. ' ' ' ' Give it to the Lord in foreign service, ' ' was my reply. "Have you ever won any souls to Christ?" was his next inquiry. "No," i replied.
"Well," said he, "if you can't win them in America, don't expect to do it in the foreign field. ' '
That was an ice bath to my ardent young enthusiasm, neverthe- less I realized the practical truth of his statement, and it stuck in my soul like a barbed arrow.
A few years later, when I had completed my medical course and was leaving for a hospital internship, a friend remarked, "What an opportunity for souls you will have ! ' ' Here was another thrust in the same sensitive spot. From that time foreign field thoughts and ambitions were inseparably linked up with those two remarks. Not long afterward I was face to face with a young man who was soon going out into eternity, without a knowledge of the Way of Life. As I realized the situation and my responsibility I had not a few of Jonah's symptoms as he fled from His Nineveh duty. When I would fain talk with the boy about his soul, Satan had my thoughts and lips glued fast. In desperation I went to my room and prayed. In distress of soul I cried to the Lord for this young man's salvation, and when the victory was won, it would be difficult to say whether the lad or I was the happier. One pledge I made with the Lord : "That if this was a taste of the joy of soul-winning, then no patient of mine should face death without having had the Opportunity of Life offered to him.
Last year's report of Efulan Medical Mission station contains the item: "Of the non-Christian patients entering the Schauffler Hos- pital eighty -four per cent, became followers of Christ before leaving. The Christian patients have also found a closer walk with their Mas- ter while in the hospital."
This has been accomplished through prayer, for the first aim of the medical staff in dealing with patients is to give them a cure that will last. Every non-Christian is sick with a very deadly disease which it is our chief concern to heal. The Great Physician left a prescription that has lost none of its potency, and still has mighty life-giving-power. It is: "If you live in Me, and My words live in you, ask what you will and it shall be done unto you."
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A man by name Mejap, who for years had lived near to the mis- sion and had availed himself of its medical advantages, still retained his old superstitions, and was content to keep his numerous wives. One day a member of a little band suggested that we pray for him, together with about a dozen other hard cases. As the weeks and months passed some of these men began to line up on the side of Christ, but Mejap obstinately resisted every advance. We continued to pray until he was the last of the dozen still unconverted. The doc- tor was leaving for America on furlough. Mejap lay sick. The last professional call was being made and the matter of his spiritual con- dition was faced, when old Mejap, weak and trembling, sat up on his bed. Between gasps for breath he said to the crowd gathered, "I want to say to you all that today I confess Jesus as my Saviour and it is a real thing with me." The exigencies of war carried old Mejap far into another tribe. Returning enfeebled after months of trial and sickness his testimony was: "God truly saved, kept, and brought me back to my own people, and I shall follow Him in a real folloiving," and he kept his promise.
Some of the means we use with our patients are: tactful per- sistence, feeding them on the Word of God in morning prayers, in meetings adapted to their understanding and needs, and volunteer testimonies from some of their own number. We talk to them alone individually and pray for them by name, often letting them know of it. We talk or pray with everyone coming to the operating table, and we give Christ the credit for all medical and spiritual successes. In crises when all scientific means have failed many have been brought through by intercession and are urged" to give their lives to God in recognition of that fact. Upon all our patients we lay the pleasurable burden of bringing the Good News to their own people as they return home. We have the Word of God ready for use in the shape of a pocket edition of essential verses.
In this way bodies wrecked and decayed with disease take on a new meaning, when back of the putrifaction one can see a precious soul for whom the Saviour died. The one thing that makes the work constantly new and ever inspiring, even in the face of loathsomeness, is not the bringing of physical relief alone, but much more, the giving of Eternal Life. Why should any mission worker patch up an old hulk and stow no eternal merchandise in the hold?
Every native assistant should be so spiritually equipped as to be able to render "first aid" to the soul as well as to the body of a patient.
A short time ago there was relayed in a hammock from town to town for seventy miles to this station a human being so ugly and disfigured by disease that no town through which she passed would consent to this poor invalid remaining in it even for a moment. So repulsive was she that men declined to touch the hammock pole, and
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consigned the job to the women of each town through which she came. We received her in the hospital and healed her poor body, but could not think it right to send her back home with the same loathsome disease of soul. She was doubly cured by the Great Physician, and the joy light shone from her poor old scarred face.
A tumor mass of seventy-six pounds was removed from its owner. Should a follower of Christ be expected to simply relieve a man or woman only of such a physical weight, and leave a greater burden on the heart ? The Great Physician had a purpose in His healings.
To win souls on the foreign field, or anywhere else, a worker must be "connected up, ' ' and he must ' ' get-on-the-job. ' ' With all personal obstructions removed the results will be in proportion to his earnest intercession and faithful witness.
Some time ago a mass of corruption, named Ela, was taken into the hospital, a tough old heathen. We finally brought him into phys- ical condition for a much needed operation, but twenty-four hours before the time set for the operation we discovered he had leprosy. The question arose, should we operate upon a leper, or should he be sent away immediately. The former course involved grave dangers to the medical staff and others ; the latter would mean long years of living death, as well as a grievous disappointment to one of Christ's newly born, for Ela had accepted Christ sometime after his arrival in the hospital. We consulted the Great Physician and received the assurance of His protection. We operated successfully and later the leper's wife and son also became Christians, and all returned home healed in heart. Was the risk worth while?
Few patients resent the honest and tactful effort of a physician or nurse for their spiritual welfare. They welcome the Master's touch upon their lives in crises of sickness and disease. Wisdom is demanded in the selection of the tackle, and skill in its use. A good general rule is : Hook one at a time, and alone. A crowd spoils fish- ing. A movement or sound will often foil your effort and lose the catch. For bait, nothing compares with the adapted Word of God.
One morning I was called from the breakfast table to interfere in a palaver involving some widows whose husband had died during the night. The male relatives according to custom were about to force the widows away into indescribable cruelty and brutality. As I stood urging them not to wreak their vengeance and ugliness upon the innocent women, I was prompted to speak to two of the leaders who were standing apart from the rest, sullen and angry. Stepping up to them I said, "Would you mind coming into the dispensary!" As I passed my medical assistant I said, "Take one of these men," and he knew what I meant. Sitting beside Esibikua and pointing out the words (he could not read), substituting the man's name in place of "he" I began to read the passage, "If Esibikua believes on the Son of God, he has eternal life, but if Esibikua obeys not the Son he
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shall not see life, but the anger of God rests on Esibikua. ' ' At this point he interrupted me by saying: "I want to say something." Then he poured out an exceptional heart burden and hunger. During the preceding afternoon and far into the night Esibikua had witnessed his tribal brother as he had wilfully rejected every advance and effort that the medical staff, Christian patients, and others had made for his salvation. Esibikua said: "I am not a fool to be lost as my brother was, I want to confess Jesus right now." He then told me how his five wives had kept him from taking this step, and added, "Not one of them is a Christian and I want a Christian wife to help me," so we both kneeled down and asked the Lord to supply this need:
While Esibikua was accepting Christ in the operating room, the other man was taking Him as Saviour in the drug room. Ten days after Esibikua had returned home he came back and entered the hos- pital for a minor operation. The following Sunday afternoon at the close of a little Gospel service with the patients, I asked if anyone wanted to accepted Christ as his Saviour, and Esibikua 's favorite wife responded. Upon leaving the hospital the man said to me, "Jesus is real, isn't He? He gave exactly what we asked."
If Jesus Christ is not so real that our requests are His desire then it must be that our connection is broken.
SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT AFRICA
Nearly one-fourth of the land area of the globe is in Africa. Africa is large enough to include the United States, the British Isles, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Argentina, China, India and several Bel- giums and Spains.
The population of Africa is about equal to that of North America. Every ninth person in the world lives in Africa.
The black race doubles once in forty years. The white race doubles once in eighty years.
Africa's coast line is equal to the distance around the world. There are 40,000 miles of navigable rivers and lakes — equal to thirteen times the distance from New York to San Francisco.
Africa has now 25,000 miles of railroad, but needs forty times this mileage to have the same proportion as America.
All of Africa, with the exception of Liberia and Abyssinia, is under the control of European governments.
Africa supplies more copper than Europe and America combined ; has five times as much iron as North America ; one-half the world's gold ; two-thirds of its ivory; nine-tenths of its diamonds; over half of the rubber and cocoa.
The slave trade is nominally driven out of Africa, but contract forced labor, especially in Portuguese territory, is practically slavery.
Ninety per cent, of the Africans are reached by European and Amer- ican commerce, but only ten per cent, are touched by the Gospel.
Can Japanese be Christians — II*
Stories of Tivice-Born Men and W omen of Japan
BY GEORGE GLEASON, OSAKA, JAPAN Representative of the International Y M C A in Japan
Beverend Tsuneteru Miyagawa — A Shinto Convert
On a springlike Sunday in January, 1876, a group of school- boys walked through the streets of Kumamoto in South Japan, sing- ing "Jesus, I My Cross Have Taken" and other Christian hymns. On the top of Hana-oka-yama, a hill overlooking the city, they knelt and after prayer signed and sealed their names on an oath-paper covenanting to enlighten the darkness of their country by preaching the Gospel of God, even if it should mean the sacrifice of their lives. From that group have come Ebina, Kozaki, Kanamori and Miya- gawa. What does Japan not owe to the spiritual leadership of these men, still active in Christian evangelism !
Miyagawa went to Captain Janes' house to study Christianity in order to oppose it, for he saw an opportunity to prepare himself to become the champion of Shintoism in its conflict with Christianity. "The whole school," writes one of the pupils of Captain Janes, "was like a boiling cauldron. Studies were neglected, groups of five, six, or seven began to study the Bible in the recitation rooms, in the dining room or in their own private rooms. Some of them not more than twelve years of age were impelled to speak to others."
Miyagawa 's father in a rage snatched him from the school and sent him for private tutoring to an old Shinto priest.
"At one of my first interviews I asked this old scholar to tell me where the Shinto paradise was. He replied that it was in the sun. But I objected that the sun was a planet that was burning itself out. He replied that there was still one spot that was cool where was built a large Shinto temple. Then I asked him which was the first coun- try on this earth to become civilized. Of course he mentioned Japan. Again I objected that Egypt was civilized at least 5,000 years before Japan was known. On repeating my interview to my father he made no reply and I ceased to go to the old man for further instruction."
In the fall of 1876 Miyagawa was one of the famous Kumamoto Band of fifteen who formed the first theological class in Doshisha University. After finishing his studies and teaching school for three years, Mr. Miyagawa began in the Osaka Church his one and only pastorate. For nearly forty years, with the aid of his able wife, this Beecher of Japan has hurled his invectives against the evils of
•This article is from Mr. George Gleason's book "What Shall I Think of Japan?" — just from the press of the Macmillan Company, New York.
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Japanese society and expounded Christ as the Saviour of the Em- pire. His church, almost from the first self-supporting, has grown to 1,000 members with a $G,000 budget, three assistant pastors, and a woman worker. For twenty years he has issued the Osaka Kodan, a monthly containing his sermons and other articles. Mr. Miyaga- wa was the chairman in West Japan of the. recent "Three Years' Evangelistic Campaign" and served for many years as the presi- dent of the local Young Men's Christian Association. Two years ago his parish made a record for benevolences in Japan by raising $50,000 for a new church home.
Madam Asako Hirooka — A Woman Banker
The life story of Madam Hirooka, business woman, educator, patriot and Christian orator, is a witness to the power of the Bible to remake character even at the age of sixty. In her girlhood she received the usual training in lady-like accomplishments, but her thirsty mind longed for more. Untaught, she learned to read the books boys studied until her family, when she was thirteen years old, actually forbade her to read any more.
Married at seventeen from the wealthy Mitsui family into an Osaka business house she discovered that her rich husband was spending his time in amusements, leaving the management of his affairs to others. Realizing that financial troubles were approach- ing, she began to prepare. Working night after night, the young wife mastered arithmetic, bookkeeping and commercial subjects. Five years after the wedding, during a panic, the crash came and her new family was nearly bankrupt.
From that time separating from her husband and quite alone, with remarkable ability she took full charge of the firm, opened a profitable coal mine near Moji, started the Kajima Bank, the Daido Life Insurance Company, and exploited agricultural lands in Korea. For nearly forty years, until the marriage of her only daughter, Madam Hirooka was one of the prominent business persons of the Empire.
Her conversion dates from a dinner with a few friends at the Osaka Hotel ten years before her death. Mr. Naruse, president of the Tokyo Woman's University, which she had backed for many years, pointing to her remarked to Mr. Miyagawa: "This uncouth woman needs religion; you better teach her." This stinging re- mark of a trusted friend broke through. Then began that intimate study of the Bible with her pastor, often taking three or four hours a week, which resulted two years later in her baptism. She was received into the church at the same service as several Sunday-school pupils. The queen of finance had become a little child.
Three months after the baptism of the mother her daughter came to Mr. Miyagawa and said: "My servants say the devil is get-
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ting to be an angel." Another servant in the Tokyo Mitsui family said to the newly-born old lady: "Now that you have become so much kinder I hope you will live a long time."
Her magazine articles are signed Kyuten Jukki Sei ("nine times falling, nine times rising again"), a true description of her life, referring to Proverbs 24:16, "A righteous man falleth seven times and riseth up again. ' '
Madam Hirooka was one of the great Christian evangelists of Japan. In connection with the United Evangelistic Campaign she toured from north to south and south to north, making her thrilling, almost terrific, appeals for pure Christian living. One night at Shimonoseki she held a vast theater audience of 2,000 for a solid hour with her virile Gospel message. She always dressed in Euro- pean clothes which made her quickly recognized everywhere she went.
Her main interest was the woman problem, the arrows of which from a child had pierced her soul. Many a time have I heard her eloquent damnation of the pernicious customs tolerated by law and by society. But with her there was but one solution — the Bible and Christianity. An American newspaper woman who had certain theories that education and environment make men and women once interviewed Madam Hirooka and tried to get her ideas confirmed by this keen Japanese mind. But the Oriental business woman kept reiterating what the Occidental writer kept ignoring, that without the Spirit of the Living God working in the hearts of men, these things could not be done.
Prayer was a great problem to Madam Hirooka. She had never experienced tender dealings from father, mother or husband and did not know how to speak to God as a loving Father. She had suffered much, but her first tears were shed one summer morning on the moun- tain side at Karuizawa, when all the clouds upon her spirit vanished and she was lifted into full fellowship with her Lord. After the happy tear drops had rained down she lifted her eyes, the morning mists were rolling up, the cooing of the wood pigeons and the early notes of the nightingale seemed to be praising God with a sweetness never known before. From that morning in the great outdoors until her death God and His Presence were a vital reality to her.
Baron Ichizaemon Morimtjra — A Millionaire Nobleman
Halls were not large enough when the "big business" evan- gelists, Madam Hirooka and Baron Morimura were advertised to speak. The testimony of this gray-haired pair, both converted when over sixty and working with an intensity which put to shame many a younger Christian, was irresistible. Had Baron Morimura lived another month he would have been eighty years old. For the last quarter of his life he was an ardent Christian, having been con- verted during a visit to America. Although he traveled about the
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empire, preaching in nearly every large center, he was baptized only two years before his death and then at his own residence and by an nnordained evangelist who had spent twenty-three years of his life in jail. By selecting Mr. Y. Koji to perform this ceremony Baron Morimura registered his protest against division and formalism in the Christian Church.
This millionaire, head of the Morimura Company, Exporters and Importers, began his career as shop boy in a dry goods store. At eighteen he was a petty dealer in tobacco pouches. At thirty-six he organized the firm which still bears his name. At fifty -three he was appointed manager of the Nihon Ginko, the Bank of England and Japan, which post he filled for eighteen years. Later he estab- lished the Morimura Bank. Four years before his death he was created a peer and given the title of Baron. The kindly face under its canopy of snow white hair will remain a vivid picture in the hearts of those who heard this prosperous business man exhort his countrymen to follow his Christ.
Professor Sakuzo Yoshino — A Leader for Democracy
In May, 1919, Robert Gailey, of China, went with me to Tokyo Imperial University, the school de luxe of the Oriental world, and there met Professor Yoshino, authority in international politics and president of the University Christian Association. Gailey asked if there were any signs of democracy in Japan.
Dr. Yoshino replied : "The university students are turning demo- crats so fast that we are trying to slow them down to keep them from becoming Bolsheviks."
Then this Christian educator told us how a few days before, when the agitation in China against Japan's demands for Shantung was at its height, three of his pupils went over to call on some Chinese in Tokyo. The men from abroad were afraid. They thought the Japanese had come to start something. But when they heard this little deputation express sympathy for China in her plight they were dumb with surprise.
The professor's eyes shone as he explained to us his "Shinjin Kai" (Society of New Men), of fifty university graduates — a group of educated reformers. A score of these had recently banded them- selves together to study in close contact the labor situation in their empire. They had gone out into the shops and factories to work and live with the laborers. Here were twenty disciples under the guid- ance of a Christian prophet getting first-hand information with which to help solve a great social problem when the crisis in Japan should become acute.
Professor Yoshino 's experienee peculiarly fits him to guide Japan at this time. His years of residence in the University Chris- tian Association dormitory, when twenty years ago he came down
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from the north a poor college student, gave him the Christian back- ground. His knowledge of China, gained by three years' residence in Tientsin when he was tutor in Yuan Shih K'ai's family, and his three years of study in America and Europe in 1910-1913, have given him an insight of both the East and the West.
As professor of Political History in the Imperial University Law College, Dr. Yoshino stands in a position to send from his classes a steady stream of young political leaders with the Christian world view. The general public, too, looks to him for guidance. The circu- lation of The Central Review (Chuo Koron), the magazine through which he preaches his progressive ideas, has increased its monthly circulation from 11,000 to 55,000 in the last four years.
The development of a few more leaders like these is the solution of the problem of the Far East. Here is the call to British and American young men and women, to go to Japan, dig down into the life of that forward looking nation, and help to develop Christians of this type. Let us, the followers of Christ, buttress the Japanese Church until "the menace of Japan" shall be changed to the bless- ing of the Orient. Where is there a greater challenge to constructive service?
A CHINESE PRIEST SAVED THROUGH A DREAM*
Mr. A. Seipel, of the China Inland Mission, Ningtu Kiangsi, tells the story of an evangelist who on a recent tour took a little rest in a temple about three miles from his outstation. Among the priests was a vege- tarian_who for five years had lived in the temple to be able to serve the idols more sincerely. He heard the Gospel for the first time but the good news did not touch his heart. He did everything he could to make it impossible for the evangelist to preach the Gospel in the nearby hamlets.
After some time, however, he had a dream in which he saw, in the temple where he lived, three different rooms. The room to the right contained nothing but idols ; the room to the left nothing but big black coffins. The middle room was so bright and glistening that his eyes hardly could stand it. Here three men stood before him and one of them said : "If you go to the right you walk in the darkness ; if you go to the left your fate is the same — darkness, leading down to hell. Why not follow me? Upon my path there is light and joy and my way leads on and up to heaven."
The man then awoke, and being anxious to know what this strange dream might mean, he went to the evangelist and told him the story. God used the evangelist to open this man's eyes and turn him from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to the true God.
This vegetarian devotee had lived in the temple with the expectation of getting high merit, yet at the same time he had not minded living in the greatest filth of sin. At once he broke with everything of the old life because he had obtained the very best — Jesus Christ Himself. As a thank offering he gave twenty dollars to the church. Now he lives in his own house and God has already used him in leading others to the Lord Jesus.
•From China's Millions.
A SYRIAN MISSIONARY'S EXPERIENCE
The red, summer sun had just dropped behind the Lebanon Moun- tains beyond the Valley of the Upper Jordan, and in the brief, beautiful, starlit twilight a little group of Americans sat conversing near their tents on a grassy knoll on the southern slope of Mt. Hermon. The leader of the group was the Rev. William K. Eddy, personally beloved and revered in every village and hamlet of all southern Syria. He was making one of his regular missionary tours among the churches and schools and the lower Lebanon field. The other members of the group were young American University graduates, teaching for a short term in the Syrian Protestant College and spending part of their summer vacation on this missionary itinerary. The young men were learnedly discussing telep- athy, giving many incidents as illustrations of thought-transference.
As the sky grew darker and the stars brighter a lull came in the con- versation and the missionary who had been silent up to this point quietly told the following :
"Late one night after I had been asleep for some time in my house in Sidon, I was suddenly awakened by a sharp sound"; (Mr. Eddy snapped his fingers loudly) . "I sat up in bed ; the room was quite dark, and it was raining heavily outside. A distinct voice came to me 'Go to the home of Elder Najeeb in Mukdoushi.' I arose, went out into the storm, saddled my horse and rode through the city streets and along the narrow mountain trails up to the village where the elder lived. At his house I dismounted and immediately the door was opened by the man and his brother. They said to me, 'We were expecting you. Father is here dying and you know he has never come Home. We have been praying for you to come to lead him to the Saviour.' I spoke with the father about the Way of Life and prayed with him, and the old man before long went with radiant face to his heavenly home. After saying good-bye to the sons, I mounted my horse, rode down to Sidon through the cold, beating rain and went back to bed."
The narrative ended without comment and we eagerly asked : "Was that telepathy?"
"No," quietly came the reply ; "that was the Spirit of God calling one of His undershepherds to go out on the mountainside at night and bring a lost sheep home."
There was no more sophomoric discussion of the spirit world that night. We younger men had seen a vision on the very hillside where the transfigured Christ appeared to a little group of disciples centuries before. With deepened faith and feeling, evening prayer was offered and this lesson in Divine telepathy has never been forgotten.
George T. Scott.
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Religious Work in Iceland
By DR. J. L.. NISBET Royal National Missionary of the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen
HRISTIANITY was embraced as a state religion in Iceland in
the year 1000 A. D. Previous to the coming of the Christian
religion, heathen worship was the rule, but an Icelander called Thorvaldur the Far-Traveled was converted while journeying in Europe. His faith was proved by his works, for on his return to his native land he took with him a Saxon bishop, who was instrumental in leading some of his fellow-countrymen to a knowledge of Christ. The exemplary lives of those few early believers spoke louder than any argument in words for the Christian religion. Slowly, but stead- ily, their influence spread until it reached the Althing (Assembly) itself, when the question was brought up as to whether Christianity should be admitted as the religion for all. There was a wide diver- gence of opinion, but while the debate was at its height a strange event happened.
A messenger brought the tidings that a volcanic eruption had oc- curred at Olfusa, and that the house of Thoroddur the Christian leader was in danger of destruction. The heathen affirmed that the gods were angry because of the undesirable "speeches" which were then being given in the Althing. To this Snorri Godi, himself an elo- quent orator and a Christian, replied, ' ■ At what were the gods angry at the time when the very lava on which we are standing was burn- ing?" Some of the heathen saw the point and remained mute. Others showed signs of being unconvinced, and a deadlock between heathen and Christian parties was imminent, unless the President used his authority as arbitrator. Bribery, evidently, was a common weapon in use to induce the patronage of the influential, and, unhap- pily, the Christian party sank to this alternative in order to accom- plish their object. The heathen President retired to rest for a day, "so that he could think the matter over!" Then, calling the people around him after he had mounted the Logberg (the Rock of the law), he said, "Unless we have laws and religion in common there can be no abiding peace. ' '
In the end both parties agreed to a loyal obedience to the code of laws and regulations proposed by him and ingeniously arranged to suit both heathen and Christians. The gist of this startling sample of heathen jurisprudence was : that all should become Christians by being baptized, but those of the heathen party who still desired to continue in their old practices and worship their other gods, could do so in secret. If done in the presence of witnesses, the punishment of outlawry would be inflicted. Thus Christianity became the state re- ligion of Iceland, in an unhallowed atmosphere of conscious deceit,
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and the fruit of that evil seed may be gathered in Iceland to this present day.
The first bishop to be elected, under the Christian regime, was Isleifur, who immediately afterwards was sent abroad to be conse- crated. Many of the bishops undoubtedly were good men, and some were very learned, but from the record of their doings the super- stitious element is very conspicuous, and a few were veritable Pha- raohs. Gudbrandur was the first bishop to translate the Bible, sev- eral copies of which are still in existence.* Bishop Thorlakur was an able scholar ,and gave to his people an original copy of the Scrip- tures. The New Testament had been translated even before their times, by the son of a bishop called Oddur Gottkalksson, while he was on a prolonged visit to Norway. The Icelandic Bible of to-day is in many respects an admirable translation, and can be bought as cheaply almost as our own, thanks to the British and Foreign Bible Society.
The tendency to idolatry and superstition in the early years made Iceland an easy prey to the influence of Roman Catholicism. It held sway until the time of the Reformation, when it was replaced by Lutheranism. In common with the Scandinavian countries, the State Church has remained so until now. It has one bishop, who until 1918 was appointed by the King of Denmark, and whose seat is in Reyk- javik. His bishopric or diocese is divided into forty deaneries, and these are subdivided into approximately 280 parishes. There are also two ordination bishops, who ordain the bishop after his election. In spite of these elaborations the fact remains that true religion and spiritual life is, and always has been, at a low ebb.
The natural trend of the Icelandic mind is not in the direction of spiritual or religious things, but rather towards materialism and fatalism. Recently spiritualism and theosophy have caused the pendulum to swing to the other extremity in a number of cases ; but the bulk of the people remain as before. The rising generation ap- pears inclined towards agnosticism, both blatant and cultured. Religious influence is in fragments. A smattering of almost every re- ligious cult in Europe may be found in Iceland, but no sect or system has any hold on the people.
Some lay the blame for the dearth of spiritual life at the door of the State Church. They argue that as the State is political nothing but what is political can grow out of it. The free gift of God cannot be extorted by law. Christians cannot be made, except by a whole- hearted surrender of the will. Therefore, they deduce that the proper method is the Free Church. But the Free Church idea has been tried, without success. It is in every respect the same as the State Church, save for the fact, that it is free from the partnership of a political state. There are not more than half a dozen free Churches in the whole island, the largest being in Reykjavik. The
"There are copies in the British Museum and the British and Foricign Bible Society Depot re- spectively. Moreover, the writer has one. It was written in the year 1584.
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movement is roughly a quarter of a century old, and as it has few advantages over the State Church it makes no headway at bringing in the spiritual emancipation of the people.
Neither of these Churches has Sunday-schools or Bible classes for young people. At the age of fourteen the children are confirmed and made members of the visible Church. A year or so previous to confirmation they commence a course of "religious instruction," which mainly consists of committing to memory the Catechism and carefully selected Bible stories. This forms part of a preacher's duties. The children with few exceptions dislike the Catechism, and are either coaxed, or forced to learn it, or perchance encouraged by the promise of a new dress, a watch, a lamb, etc., when they have memorized it to satisfaction. With such a prelude, one is not sur- prised to find that when confirmation has been attained the child bids farewell to everything associated with these unpleasant memories of coercion in younger days. This without a doubt is one of the root causes of the spiritual lethargy so prevalent in this isolated island. A few are fighting for religious liberty on strictly evangelical lines, and they maintain that the Church must be free, supported only by the free-will offerings of the Christian community.
When a religious service is being held, it is not uncommon to see the members of the congregation go in and out of church at will. Those who know the Icelander do not attribute this to a want of reverence, but to a lack of good manners. Many of them have a deep reverence for God, His house and service, but that reverence is not expressed in our way. They look upon such a building as a place of friendly welcome and perfect freedom.
The life of the clergy is unenviable. The stipend paid by the state is so small as to necessitate some other occupation in addition to their clerical office, in order to live at all comfortably. Many have interests in fishing industries, but mostly they are farmers. This serves to keep the clergy in close touch with everyday life among the working folks, but it has the disadvantage of an unequal yoke. The spiritual side of the parson's life is stifled and cramped by the secu- lar. His thoughts are more concerning his profits than his own spiritual life, and his sermons suffer in consequence. He conducts the services from a sheer sense of duty. The ritual is gone through in a formal, lifeless way, and whenever it is over his "walk and con- versation" center around business again. There are a few splendid exceptions, especially among the town clergy, but this in the main is true of most. The fact, too, that each parish minister has two or even four churches to serve does not aid spiritual matters much. The rule is to preach once every Sunday, and, therefore, if he has four churches, all the people can get is one service every month.
Times of spiritual revival and refreshment have never been known in Iceland, at least not on a large scale, as we have seen in most
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other Christian countries. The custom, is, as far as possible, to keep one's religion to oneself so as to escape the ridicule and satire of others. Another item evoking displeasure is the taking of a collec- tion at a religious service. The joy of giving to the Lord and the cause of the Gospel they have never experienced. An annual levy is put upon every person above fourteen years of age, according to law, "for the maintenance of church and clergy." This is collected with the taxes in the usual way. Apart from this no offering is asked for, and at the services one never sees the bag or plate, so common in our churches. Many even grudge bitterly the annual assessment for re- ligious purposes !
A New Era in Southern Methodist
Missions
World-Wide Results of the Great Centenary Campaign
BY ROBERT B. ELEAZER, NASHVIELE TENNESSEE Editor of The Missionary Voke
IN MAY, 1919, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, took the most notable step in its history — the pledging of $36,000,000 of new money for missions in the great Centenary campaign. The pledges covered a five-year period, and when added to the normal expected income from regular sources made a total of $53,000,000. Up to the first of January collections on these pledges had exceeded $9,000,000 over and above the normal income for missions. The dis- tribution of the first year's receipts, aggregating about $6,000,000, was made last April, a large proportion of the amount going to the several departments of the Board of Missions.
The natural result has been a great extension of the missionary activities of the Church. Eighty-four Centenary missionaries have been sent out to the foreign fields, and scores have been added to the force at home.
A long overdue building program has been inaugurated, including the erection of or provision for scores of churches, schools, social set- tlements, missionary residences, hospitals and the like, both at home and in China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Cuba, Brazil and Africa. The native force also is being expanded in each of these fields and constant search is being made for qualified men and women to further augment the missionary ranks. Five hundred are to be sent during the five years.
The end of the Centenary period, therefore, should find the per- sonnel and equipment of Southern Methodist work in the several
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fields multiplied two or three fold, and its influence and effectiveness increased in even greater measure.
One gratifying result that could not be certainly foreseen is the fact that in every foreign field the native Church has been encouraged and inspired as never before. Centenary campaigns have been put on in nearly all the fields, with a program emphasizing spiritual re- sources, stewardship and evangelism, and resulting in a great access of evangelistic zeal and self-support.
The Chinese Church, for example, voted to attain full self- support within the Centenary period, so as to release all mission funds for pioneer work. Japanese Methodists have been wonder- fully stirred, and have set a financial goal of $300,000 to be used for the extension of the Gospel. Among other objectives, the Japanese Methodists propose to open missions in Manchuria, Korea and For- mosa.
In Korea the emphasis has been largely on evangelism. Thou- sands of new believers have been enrolled in the mission and scores of new church groups have been organized. The revival seems to parallel that of some years ago.
In Cuba the Methodist churches conducted their financial campaign just prior to that in the United States, and many oversub- scribed their allotments two, three or four times. "It was a wonder- ful revelation to the Cuban church of its ability to undertake great things for God," says one of the missionaries.
Bishop James Cannon, speaking for Mexico, says, "Wherever the Centenary idea has been presented among our Mexican people, it has appealed to their loyalty and inspired them to sacrifices far greater probably than those of our members in the United States." In no field has the financial response of the native Church to the Cen- tenary appeal been greater in proportion to ability than in Mexico. The Chihuahua Church alone, with a membership of 150, subscribed $17,348 (gold), or more than a hundred dollars per member. There are not many churches in the homeland that did as well.
The Centenary also made it possible for the Church to enter sev- eral of the European countries in this time of great need, when imme- diate physical relief and moral reconstruction were imperative. Our work has embraced the care of orphans, hospital service, relief kitchens, distribution of clothing and other forms of social ministry, as well as the preaching of the Gospel, the beginnings of an educa- tional program and plans for a publishing plant to supply France and Belgium with Christian literature. Some fine properties have been purchased in Brussels, Warsaw and Prague, and an extensive and well-rounded program is being laid out for Belgium, Poland and Czecho-Slovakia. In each of those fields the workers are meeting a hearty response. The outlook in Czecho-Slovakia is reported as especially hopeful.
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Reflex Results But these objective results of the Centenary, however great, are by no means all. It brought to the Church reflex blessings beyond all telling.
The new emphasis on prayer led multitudes into a deeper spiritual life and resulted in the setting up of thousands of family altars.
The gospel of stewardship was preached as never before in pul- pit and printed page. A hundred thousand men and women were led to consecrate the tenth of their incomes to God and thereby acknowl- edge His ownership of all. Only those who have taken the step know what fuller consecration it implies, what blessing it brings, what transformation of the whole round of life !
Never before have we known such general enlistment of the rank and file in the work of the Kingdom of God. During the Centenary campaign literally hundreds of thousands of men and women went earnestly "about their Father's business." That impetus will never be lost. Because of it the Church will be stronger, more vital, more efficient to the end.
The evangelistic campaign was another of the great reflex bless- ings, resulting in a hundred thousand conversions and reclamations. Indeed, the whole Centenary program was of the very essence of re- vival, a reconsecration of the Church to God. The evangelistic cam- paign was a logical and inevitable sequence. And the end is not yet, for the new vitality will continue to exercise itself as an evangelistic force, at home and abroad.
In brief, the Centenary, enlarging our vision, strengthening our faith, pointing out our opportunity and obligation, calling us to deeper consecration, and offering the privilege of fuller coopera- tion in the divine plan, has meant great blessing to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, individually and collectively. What it shall mean to the multitudes without, waiting in darkness for the light, only eternity can tell. For them its blessed work is just begun. The sacred obligation resting now upon the Church at home is to see that it is carried to completion.
THE CHALLENGE OF THE MISSIONARY TASK Dr. Jowett some years ago preached a sermon in which he pleaded for more of "the wooing note" in the pulpit message of the church. Re- cently he preached in his own Westminster Chapel pulpit in London a sermon, calling on the church to tone up its utterances to a more stalwart ring of challenge, especially in addressing the young men of this time. "We preachers," he said, "have just opened gates into quiet, green pas- tures, and the sheep come lazily in and go to sleep." In another part of the sermon he said : "Little appeals breed dwarfs ; big challenges rear up giants." Evidently the famous preacher has come to the conclusion that after all "the wooing note" can be overdone.
The Earthquake and Missions in Kansu
HE disastrous earthquake in the northwest of China on De-
cember 16th caused a terrible loss of life and damage to prop-
erty. As the worst damage was done in places where there are no foreigners, it is difficult to get reliable details as to the extent of the disaster. The reported loss of life varies from 1,000,000 — a Chinese official report — to 100,000 a "conservative" foreign estimate. The earthquake was felt in several provinces. Fengsiang and Lung- chow, in the west of Shensi, reported numbers of people killed and many houses destroyed, but the worst effects were in the east of Kansu.
At Kuyuan, where the ground opened in many places and spouted forth black water, the death toll has been officially estimated at about 40,000. Six hundred died inside the city, which is entirely ruined. Thousands are homeless. Kuyuan is one of the outstations of the China Inland Mission, two days' journey north from the central sta- tion of Pingliang. The Mission premises there are in ruins, and the caretaker and his family are wounded. A letter from Mr. Gr. Town- vall, dated January 13th, tells of twenty-one cart loads of severely wounded people who had just arrived, being sent by the official of that place to be cared for at the hospital in Pingliang. Another letter tells of the shortage of food supplies owing to so much wheat and other grain having been buried in falling caves and ruined villages.
The seriously affected area stretches about 135 miles from east to west and 100 miles from north to south, so that it is difficult to get any adequate conception of the aggregate of suffering caused by this visitation.
Mrs. Robert C. Parry of Lanchow writes that at that station of the China Inland Mission much damage was done ; chimney pots fell all over the place ; walls came down ; big cracks appeared in the house walls; but all the hospital building (the Borden Memorial Hos- pital) remained intact. When the first shake was over, Dr. Parry had a time going all over the place seeing to things and trying to com- fort frightened patients, nurses, etc.
Dr. Robert C. Parry received a personal letter from the magis- trate of the city of Tsingningchow, stating that a great many of his people were suffering from terrible injuries, so that he could not bear to look at them. He wrote beseeching the Christian missionary to come and help them. This official is known to be an exceptionally en- lightened man, an "almost persuaded" person, working entirely for the good of his people. Apart from the claim of suffering humanity, the above seemed an additional reason for responding to his urgent
BY MISS S. J. GARLAND AND OTHERS
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request, In consultation with Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor and other fellow-workers, it was decided that he should go. Dr. Parry writes:
"The road took us through the most desolate regions and was ex- tremely difficult to travel in some places. But, by the help of God, we did the seven stages in six days. The last three days traveling was most difficult and in fact quite dangerous in places. If you could but see the destruction, involving life and property, all along the way, you would understand when I say we have not felt we were enduring any hard- ship at all as compared with these poor people.
Saturday night we slept (or rather tried to sleep) in our carts, amongst the ruins of the once snug townlet of Tsingchangih. Now there is not a house left standing, and the people seem completely disheartened. Of all the places we have seen that seemed about the worst. Over fifty people killed, many injured, and large numbers of animals destroyed. Sunday we struggled over about fifteen miles of broken country, and that night slept on the ground between the carts with plenty of straw underneath us and lots of bedding to cover us. Hearing that the remaining fifteen miles to Tsingningchow was almost impassable and might take two or three days, we slung our bedding, etc., on our cart mules, leaving the carts behind in charge of a friendly carter, hired two men to carry the medicines, etc., and then tramped it.
The magistrate had received no news of our coming, but welcomed us royally. We are now installed in the official residence (a tent in his inner courtyard), with the fairly intact public library as our dress- ing room and dispensary. The magistrate has posted proclamations throughout the city and country urging the wounded to come. At his order a gong is sounded in the streets when we are ready to receive patients, so we are kept busy.
The official report gives the following figures for this city and suburbs alone: killed, 635; wounded, 1,159 ; impoverished, 3,330, fed from the official granaries; property, 4,000 tc 4,500 houses destroyed. This prosperous city is practically in ruins. The people are living in tents and sheds.
Pray for the work here, and for this official, Cheo T'ing-uen, who is indeed a man among ten thousand, whose chief fault is a tendency to self-satisfaction. He has been here three years, and is beloved by the people. He lives simply (is wearing his father's old clothes as a matter of fact) and is expending the proceeds of his office for the betterment of the people. Since coming here, he has established a free hospital, a home for poor children and a public library. He has put down gambling, deals severely with swearing and fighting in the streets, and is tackling opium smoking and foot-binding with a cour- ageous hand. He has introduced knitting of woolen and cotton gar- ments from locally spun yarn, which be has taught the people to do. On the occasion of the earthquake he ordered his men to rush out and
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call the people from their houses. Returning to his own house he knelt down and prayed to "Shang-ti" (God) to slay him and spare his people. The walls fell in around him, even striking him, but still he prayed on. AVhen all was over, he felt that God had spared him for the people, who certainly would have been thrown into complete confusion and disorder by so overwhelming a disaster. In the suc- ceeding days, though fasting and mourning himself, he rendered splendid service by ordering the immediate rescue of those en- tombed alive, the speedy burial of the dead, provision of food and clothing for the impoverished, the lending out of eighty tents in his yamen to the homeless, while he and his family and men slept on the ground without any shelter for some days until the tents could be returned by those able to construct shelters from the debris of their ruined homes.
Ma Shan-ren, the leading Moslem ecclesiastic in this province, with his third son and hundreds of co-religionists were amongst the victims of the earthquake — one of my patients was in personal at- tendance on this celebrated leader of the "New Sect" at the time of his death. Daily, from ten in the evening on (from nine on special occasions) this man prayed for hours into the night. That fateful evening, he dressed at six p. m. and went to the mosque early, with his sons and attendants. At seven p. m. the earthquake came and but few of the worshipers escaped. My informant, a native of the city, was carried here several days later. His home was in Saku, a long valley, mostly inhabited by Mohammedans and it is rumored that about 10,000 of them were buried by the falling of the mountains on either side of the valley which have filled it up level.
The people are at their wit's end, not knowing what is going to happen next. The Governor and all other officials have had special worship in a rigged up tent on the north side of the Yellow River in Lanchow. Special prayers were read by the Governor and confes- sion of sin made in the hope that these tremors might cease. There are also daily processions in the city to appease the gods. A great many of the people are coming to the mission chapel on the main street to listen to the Gospel.
A message from Kansu states that the Moslem outbreak which was threatened there has not materialized as a widespread move- ment, undoubtedly owing to the earthquake, in which the Moham- medans saw a warning from Heaven. The death of Ma Shan-ren and other Mohammedan religious leaders through the collapse of caves, houses and city walls seems effectively to have stopped the plan for offering resistance to the central government.
Over 500 Moslem leaders are said to have been buried in the ruins of the place in which they were holding a religious conference. As a result of this catastrophe the Mohammedans have changed their attitude toward the central government.
Christian Chinese in the Famine
A YOUNG Chinese appeared a few weeks ago at one of the American relief stations in the famine province of Chihli, North China. He was hungry and almost worn out by days of travel across the desolate, baked plains as a cart man with a consignment of grain and clothing. He asked that he be put to work as a helper at the station.
This young man attracted attention. His manner was not that of the ordinary worker. His clothes, though worn, were of the finest quality. He spoke English that was remarkable for its perfection, and his intelligence was obviously of a high order. Asked where he came from, he named a city and province in the south. He was up early in the morning and labored until late at night. No work was too exhausting or humble. When his own duties were out of the way for a moment, he turned instantly to some other activity. Under such energy as this the efficiency of the station increased rapidly.
After weeks of service this young man disclosed the condition which had sent him hundreds of miles from home in a section of the country where there was comfort and plenty of food, to labor day and night on scanty rations for the service of the famine stricken. He was the son of a wealthy family. Its social and political connections were of a high order, and the youth was sent to the University of Peking to prepare himself for a government or diplomatic post. While at the university he became interested in Christianity. He took the theological course and was a constant attendant at church and mission services. He began to write to his parents regarding his intense absorption in the alien religion. Opposition was instant. His family discussed the matter with him and tried to show him the folly of his ways, but no threats or pleadings had any effect upon his determination.
When the young man had completed his studies at the university and returned home, there came a final family crash. His father told him to leave the house and he returned to Peking where, with some student friends, he went out into the famine districts.
A letter written to a friend in Peking gives his picture of the conditions against which all China is struggling.
"The famine conditions in the three districts which I have visited, — Jaouang, Lihsien and Poyeh, with populations approximating 250,- 000, 200,000 and 90,000 respectively— are pitiful in the extreme. The poor and unfortunate country people on whom we ourselves, in ordi- na i v times, depend in no small measure for the necessities of life, are now eating dried leaves, the bark of trees, millet husks and anything that will help to keep them alive. To make matters worse, many of them have neither fuel nor sufficient clothing."
•From The Christian Work.
474
Women Who are Transforming the Orient
- In celebrating their jubilee the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society brought representa- tives from its fields in order that the women who have supported the work so loyally might actually see the type of woman who is the direct result of the educational and evangelistic work of Foreign Mission Boards.
DR. MA SAW SA OF BURMA, KHANTO BALA RAI OF BENGAL, AND DR. Y. NAN- DAMAH OF SOUTH INDIA
First among these women is the Bur- man representative, Dr. Ma Saw Sa, F. R. C. S., head of the Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital, Rangoon, Burma. She is the first Burman woman to se- cure a college training and is a fine type of the educated, Christian profes- sional woman of the East. She was a daughter of one of the early converts and secured her education in the Bap- tist girls' schools in Burma. On her graduation she determined to enter college and as there was no college for women she was admitted, with two other students, to the men's college in Rangoon. She did remarkable work
•From Mrs. H. W. Peabody.
and was graduated with honor, after which she went to Calcutta University, crossing the Bay of Bengal, a great undertaking for an Oriental woman at that time. Here again she did excel- lent work and secured a Fellowship for Dublin University where she spent two years in advanced study, gradu- ating with the diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. On her return to Burma the Government secured her to take the place of the su- perintendent of the Lady Dufferin Maternity Hospital. Here she is training a class of nurses and is meet- ing the great need of women who are, even in Burma, without medical aid. Dr. Ma Saw Sa, while not actively engaged in the work of the Mission, is a devout Christian and a loyal sup- porter of all the work for her own people.
Khanto Bala Rai represents the Christian teacher, and comes from the girls' school of Midnapore, Bengal, where she has been doing educational work. She has secured two years of college training and is anxious to com- plete her course and win her degree. Her father was one of the early Brah- man converts, rare in those days. He suffered great persecution and was cut off from his own family, but remained loyal and brought up a beautiful fam- ily of girls.
Dr. Nandamah comes from South India, from the Lone Star Mission in the Telugu field. The Board at home seriously considered giving up this field and just on the verge of aban- donment God sent a great blessing, which resulted in the baptism of thou- sands. Among them was Nandamah's father, who became a Christian preacher and teacher. When his little daughter saw in the Nellore Woman's Hospital an Indian woman doctor she determined that she, too, would follow that profession. There was no place where she could get her training ex- cept in the extreme north, six days' journey from her village home. One
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can appreciate the courage and deter- mination which led her to leave her home and go to Ludhiana where she spent four years, returning to take her position in the hospital in Nellore. Twice in the absence of the American doctor on account of illness Nandamah was ahle to take charge. She is to he one of the doctors in the new Jubilee Hospital in the Deccan. Her beauti- ful Christian character and her desire for the spiritual life of her people will make her an invaluable helper.
MISS KAN EN VONG OF CHINA
From China we welcome Kan en Vong, a name with a lovely meaning, Grace Sweet. She was adopted by Dr. and Mrs. Sweet, of the Baptist Mission in Hangchow. She had been sold for $4.00, and was given to these loving missionaries who have cared for her as their own child. They are re- warded in the wonderful success which she has made of her life. She was trained in the Union Mission school at Hangchow and became a teacher in the kindergarten department of the normal school. She is studying kin- dergarten in addition to representing her country at the Jubilee.
An interesting personality in the group is Madame Kolatorova, daughter
of the first Baptist pastor in Bohemia. We have here an example of the liter- ary worker. She is editor of a Chris- tian paper in Prague, and has shown great ability. She has been urged to accept a position as editor of a secular paper, but prefers to devote herself to active Christian work through writing and social and community service.
MADAME KOLATOROVA OF PRAGUE
There has not been up to this time any mission work for women in Czecho-Slovakia, and when such work begins it is hoped it may be under the direction of the women of that coun- try rather than through missionaries sent from here.
There is also a Japanese representa- tive who is taking a course of Bible study in America preparatory to re- suming her work as dean of the Osaka Woman's Bible School.
Here we have in this little group of women from the Far East types of the work that all our Woman's Boards have been doing for the past fifty years, — the Christian teacher, the Christian missionary doctor, the out- standing professional woman, with great influence because of her position, and her loyalty to Christ, the new woman of central Europe who is to be a factor in the salvation of Europe, the highly trained Bible teacher and the Christian mother and evangelist.
Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Editor, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York
PASS ON YOUR METHODS
Some one sent us the story of a church across the continent where the minister put a method into practice by which his whole congregation was benefited. On the other side of the ocean a missionary found in- spiration and practical suggestion in the same story. Then an entire con- ference put the plan into operation. North, South, East and West, eager workers were helped by the plan passed on by one woman.
"Pass it on" — the story of some method that you have used success- fully in your society or brotherhood or congregation or community. Send your successful methods to the Editor of the Best Methods Depart- ment so that ten thousand other people may share the benefit.
REQUIREMENTS OF A SUCCESS- FUL READING CIRCLE
1. One person who believes in the possibilities of missionary leaflets and is determined to make the most of them.
2. Seventy-eight heavy manila en- velopes 4^4 by 10 inches.
3. Three hundred and twelve inter- esting leaflets.
4. An old calendar with large fig- ures.
5. A young woman or a young man who is willing to give some time to doing the Lord's work.
6. A pastor who believes in his mis- sionary society and will help in its work.
How it Was Done
No amount of paper plans have the force of the actually tested and tried recipes. The woman in the case of the successful testing of this particular plan is Mrs. S. W. Weiskotten. of Brooklyn. She realized that only a very small number of people in her church were reading the many inter- esting missionary leaflets that came to her.
"In some way we must get these good leaflets into the hands of more people," she said. She selected 104 of the best leaflets she could find and or- dered three of each. Then she put four leaflets, each on a different sub- ject into each manila envelope, thus making twenty-six different sets with three of each set. This gave her sev- enty-eight envelopes to start with. A printed number cut from the old cal- endar was pasted on the envelope so it could be readily seen and the envel- opes could be quickly exchanged. A complete list of contents of each en- velope was listed so that if a leaflet or an envelope was lost it could be easily replaced.
A young woman took charge as Reading Circle Librarian. She gave out the envelopes after church serv- ices, at Sunday school, and at society meetings. She listed members of the congregation and noted number of en- velopes as she gave them out so she could tell at a glance what envelopes each one had previously taken. The envelopes were to be kept not longer than two weeks and were then ex- changed for others,
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And the pastor — what did he do? He told all about the plan at one of his services and enlisted the interest and cooperation of the entire congre- gation as the pastors who really "help those women" seem to know how to do. Further announcement was made at various society meetings. Later a committee called on every family into which the envelopes had not gone and explained the plan and purpose of the Leaflet Reading Circle with the result that a large part of the congregation is now having the benefit of the splendid leaflets of the church as they are issued from time to time, instead of only the "faithful few" of the Mission- ary Society.
absent and forgotten
Try the Rice Correspondence Course for Remembering
In the majority of societies, it is apt to be true that the members who are absent are very frequently forgotten. Not so in the Roger Williams Memor- ial Baptist church of Washington, D. C. Mrs. L. M. Rice, who is superin- tendent of the Extension Department, is constantly in touch with the women who cannot or do not attend the meet- ings. In addition to the quarterly packets of literature prepared especial- ly for the Extension members, she sends to the "shut-ins," to members who are out of the city, and to the homes not represented at the mission- ary meeting, a mimeographed letter each month.
This is not a letter that can be or- dered from National Headquarters by the thousand, to fit one society as well as another. It is a letter which tells all about the meeting at Roger Williams Memorial Baptist church, an interest- ing letter that brings to the absent members who longed to be there, an inside glimpse of what happened ; a breezy letter that makes the people who wonder what the missionary so- ciety is doing, understand that things are really being accomplished; a so- ciety letter with delightful little per-
sonal items about the folks who were there and what they did.
Mrs. Rice's Christmas letter will be suggestive to many other leaders or Extension or Home Department Sec- retaries :
Dear :
We had an unusually fine meeting of the Woman's Society yesterday, with a splendid attendance and several visitors from other churches; also some of our Extension De- partment members enjoyed the day with us.
Mrs. Shimmick, who was to lead the de- votional, is ill, so Mrs. Johnson, our pas- tor's wife, brought the Christmas lesson to us. She said in part, "Three gifts are spoken of in the Bible for us to remember : First, John 3 : 16, God gave His Son to a sin-cursed world because he loved us ; sec- ond, Mark 10 : 45, Christ gave Himself, died for us that we might live ; third, Mat. 2 : 11, the Wise Men brought their treasures to Him, gold, frankincense and myrrh, to show their love for Him. So we should give of our treasures, not to father, mother or child first, but to our Saviour. 'In as much as ye have done it unto one of the least of these (in China, Russia, Armenia, all the world), ye have done it unto me,' and more children will die from starvation in Europe this winter than the number of men killed in the war.
"Let us in America, the only country that can celebrate Christmas in a material way this year, make the little child smile through the Christmas morn."
Mrs. Blakely told that the ladies of the White Cross at the meeting Tuesday, had cut and basted four dozen each of doll dresses, doll comforts, and six dozen pretty bags for the little Indian Sabbath-school scholars in Phoenix, Arizona. Also that a box of nice clothing is partly packed to be sent to Rev. Riddle and family. He is pas- tor of a mountain church on a salary of $300 per year.
Extracts were read from some lovely letters received from some of our out-of- town members, Mrs. Grenning, Mrs. Rem- pes and Mrs. Evelyn Clark ; and also a most beautiful letter from Miss Spieden, telling of her trip up to the time she reached the Language School in Nanking. We all enjoyed every word of it and are looking forward to the next one.
Mrs. Read, in Current Events, spoke of the World's Sunday School Convention that has just been held in Japan, that there are 100,000 Christians and 150,000 Sunday- school scholars, showing the progress made and the difference from 100 years ago, when foreigners were forbidden their ports. She spoke tenderly of the death of the sweet singing evangelist, Mr. Charles M. Alex- ander, who wrote the "Glory Song." Mrs. Arthur G. Dunn, who is gifted with
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such a lovely voice, sang a beautiful solo.
Circle No. 3 presented the third chapter of the study-book and Mrs. Hunter, Mrs. Johnson, Mrs. Read and Miss Grace John- son took part.
We have another dear missionary to add to our personal knowledge and prayer list, in Mrs. Dr. Lesher, who spoke to us in the Mizpah class, and also yesterday. She and her husband, who is also a medical mis- sionary, went out eleven years ago from Trenton, N. J., to Swatow and Chowyong, China. They minister to 250,000 people in their hospital and mission. They are obliged to use corners of their church room for a hospital, and in spite of inadequate facilities are turning many from idolatry to Christ. Instead of being called foreign devils, as they were when they first went out, the peo- ple bow very respectfully and say "Payong," which means, "Peace to you." They expect to sail January 8th, to take up their work with a vision of what South China will be in two generations hence.
A very dainty and bountiful lunch was served us by Mrs. Nelson and her com- mittee, and the decorations were red and green.
With best wishes for a very Merry Christmas, I am,
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. L. M. Rice, Extension Dept. Sec.
THE MOUNT HOL YOKE STAY-AT- HOME DEPUTATION
Versatile leadership, a fine type of imagination, and deputation reports plus some thorough investigation and research resulted in one of the most un- usual and helpful mission study groups reported. This was one of the Mount Holyoke Mission Study classes which was modeled after the deputation which last year visited mission lands under the auspices of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions of North America. The ten members of the class were assigned to the five commissions into which the Federation Deputation was divided, two each going on the commissions for: Education, Evangelism, Social Service, Medicine, Economics.
The aim of the various commissions was "race appreciation, or seeing the world as God sees it and seeing mis- sionary work in its real light." Each member sought true Christian interna- tionalism.
Most interesting investigation and reports were made.
A PROGRAM BY MAIL
Truth is unchanged and unchanging, but methods of presenting unchange- able truth may frequently be changed to good advantage.
Miss Jessie Cross, of Michigan, sug- gests an interesting variation in the form of a Program by Mail.
After the devotional and business parts of the program are concluded the president announces that inasmuch as mail order supplies are so much in use she wants her society to be strictly up-to-date, so she decided to try a mail order program, which, as is usually the case with mails, seems to be late. A kjnock sounds, and the postman in uniform or with badge enters with a sack of mail.
The president opens the sack and distributes the mail that has been pre- viously prepared and addressed. She asks that no one open her mail until called on to do so. There are in the sack :
1. Letters addressed to various members. These should be opened and marked extracts read. Real let- ters from real missionaries may be ob- tained in some instances. Extracts from articles and letters in missionary magazines may be copied. Foreign stamps may be secured to make the letters more real.
2. Post cards. A number of cards (one for each member, if society is not too large) should be received from the different fields and should each con- tain some short, snappy bit of informa- tion. Mission Board headquarters will supply the cards and the com- mittee can write the messages on them.
3. Newspapers. Some copy of a foreign paper, or of a missionary mag- azine with a poem, an article or some notes marked. Marked passages to be read.
4. A roll of music. This should be a missionary or devotional song, ad- dressed to a musician who is prepared to sing it.
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5. Photographs. Secure one or more interesting missionary pictures. May be actual photographs or re- prints cut from magazine and mounted <in cardboard. Members receiving these should be prepared to tell some- thing about each picture.
6. Parcel post. Various articles may be wrapped in parcel post pack- ages, curios from mission fields, laces or other work of industrial mis- sions. Short stories or incidents con- nected with each may be told as they are unwrapped. If a social hour is to be added all the refreshments may come in parcel post packages :
A box of sandwiches, A package of tea,
A sack of lemon drops (for the tea), A box of wafers,
Candied ginger or dates, or whatever is to be served.
In some societies it might be possible to make the entire meeting a surprise except to a small committee, care being taken to assign parts of the program to people who can take the part with- out advance preparation.
All parcels should be wrapped with care, and foreign stamps pasted on when possible.
MISSION STUDY PLAN FOR CON- FERENCES
At the 1919 sessions of the New Wilmington Conference Miss Anna Milligan, the Educational Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, worked out a Mission Study plan which proved successful, and which is suggestive to cities or communities or churches in which several classes use the same textbook.
September 11, 1919. "We used the book, 'New Life Currents in China,' by Mrs. Camewell. which is di- vided into six subjects. The first chapter is the political chapter. The second, third and fourth deal with the medical work; the fifth with the industrial; the sixth with the educational ; the seventh with the social, and the eighth with the Church in China. There is no pedagogical reason why one chapter should precede another. We worked out this plan on the supposition that the eighth chapter could be taught first
just as well as the first, and that the second could he taught last as well as second.
"Our leaders had very little time to pre- pare for the work owing to the lateness of the edition of the hook, and so I devised this plan in order to make it possible for each teacher to become expert along a special line. I submitted to the leaders the topics and asked them to make a choice of the topic they would choose to present. Each fortunately had his choice, and so when we prepared for the work each pre- pared on just one chapter and focused time and energies and research work all upon that one chapter.
"When we arrived at New Wilmington we found that we had about forty missionaries on the ground who were able to help us out in putting our plan into effect. So we di- vided them, according to their preference, into teams. Those who preferred to deal with the political situation went with the political leader. We sent the doctors with the teacher who had the medical chapters, the school leaders with the one teaching the educational chapter, and the others ac- cording to their preference. It was won- derful to hear those missionaries tell of their own work and their own experiences in India, Egypt, and the Sudan, verifying the facts presented in the book.
"The class leader was prepared to develop the points brought out in the chapter by Mrs. Camewell, and drew out the members of the class along the line that she wanted to stress, and then she asked the opinion of the missionaries as to those same problems in India, Egypt and the Sudan, comparing and contrasting with the statements of Mrs. Camewell. The teacher gave opportunities for the members of the class to ask ques- tions, and to express opinions with refer- ence to these points and made the class- room a real laboratory for the study of our work in all our fields.
"Classes did not move, but leaders with teams went to a different room and a dif- ferent group each day, for the six days.
"Members of the study classes had oppor- tunity of meeting the missionaries person- ally and of becoming better acquainted with them than ever before. They went to them with questions after the class hour was over. Some took their names and addresses, not only at home, but in their fields, and promised to cooperate with them in any way possible. They determined to send such supplies and helps to them as the mission- aries may use in their work hereafter. All in all it was a perfectly delightful period. I believe it is a method of work that will be continued in the coming years in our summer conferences.
"I have thought perhaps in a town where there are five or six churches, each church might organize a class and provide a leader for one chapter. If there are missionaries available, that will be very fortunate. If
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there are not missionaries available, there might be provided a team of the young peo- ple who would become expert in other fields and go about with each missionary study class leader from class to class, prepared to play the missionary's part on the work of his adopted field. Each missionary, or each young person representing the mission field, might dress in costume, or wear a badge telling what country he represents and be- come so familiar with the other mission field that it would be possible for laboratory work to be done in each of the sessions."
WORKING TOGETHER
The Philadelphia Conference of the Women's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church has been especially happy in develop- ing plans for the working together of its four secretaries of Young People's Work.
The conference is divided into four districts and each district has a secre- tary of Young People's Work. On the second Saturday of each month the Conference Secretary of Young Peo- ple's Work invites her four District Secretaries to an informal luncheon at her home at one o'clock. The after- noon is spent in prayer and in earnest discussion of the best methods of doing the work. Plans are made for the coming month. The National Sec- retary of Young People's Work was their guest one month. Other national or conference officers are occasional guests, so that the district secretaries have opportunity to get clear ideas of the relationship of the various depart- ments and learn to know the entire work.
These monthly conferences bring the secretaries very close, both in fel- lowship and in service. The Confer- ence Secretary has the entire territory before her and is ready with sugges- tions for the organization of new cir- cles and the following up of inactive ones.
These informal meetings of confer- ence secretaries have resulted in de- lightful fellowship, helpful coopera- tion, a Biblical sharing of each others burdens and responsibilities, and an
exchange of good ideas and methods of work.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT LINCOLN
The leaders of the churches in Lin- coln, Nebraska, realized that some con- certed effort on the part of all the churches was needed to supplement the work of religious education being done by each denomination through its own agencies.
The five downtown churches decid- ed to cooperate in a summer school. A meeting of the five pastors was held, a committee of ten, two from each church, was appointed, and a director was chosen.
The church with the best equipment in its plant was chosen as the meeting place, and a director for the school was selected.
The committee of ten set the dates for the school, determined the courses to be offered, selected the teachers, made a tentative budget and assumed entire responsibility for the school.
Four teachers were secured, each to receive $2.00 a morning. In addition four others who were situated so they could do so, offered their services with- out salary, as the work progressed. A carpenter from one of the large New York factories came every morning to teach simple lessons of carpentry. The boys crowded around him eagerly. Volunteer teachers also helped with the sewing, and the sewing room proved a busy and popular room dur- ing two forty-five minute periods each day.
Almost all of the children elected a course of art work. The work was closely correlated with the Bible study which all the school has the first pe- riod.
The missionary training of the school consisted not only in the actual class periods of Bible and missionary teaching, but also in the bringing in of children of other nationalities, and the practical lessons of world brotherhood and everyday Christianity.
Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin
Edited by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody
UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGES FOR WOMEN OF THE ORIENT
Thousands of women throughout the country have responded to the call for the International Christmas Gift for these colleges. There were many reasons why the whole objective was not gained, chief among them the call from Mr. Hoover for $10 gifts for starving children in Europe and later the pitiful call for famine relief in China. There were also many other calls and special reasons why those who might have given could not at this time.
Notwithstanding all the difficulties we are able to report a considerable amount raised through the efforts at Christmas. The gifts in pledges and cash are something over $200,000. To this the cooperating Woman's Boards have added about $300,000, and $200,- 000 have been received from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund. This amount has already been sent and the work is beginning in the colleges.
In response to the appeal from the Joint College Committee on these union colleges, representing the Boards cooperating, the trustees of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund have granted approximately $1,- 000,000 on condition that $2,000,000 more is raised. Plans are under way for the completion of the work and committees have been organized in the various states. The only state thus far to secure its full quota is the little state of Rhode Island. Others, how- ever, have made a good beginning. It is proposed to continue the work of organizing the states and the issuing of suitable literature. In the autumn a special effort will be made to com- plete the entire amount. The Boards interested in the colleges are making preparation to enter into a well- planned campaign. It is hoped that all will be in readiness by November and
that we may secure the entire amount within the first two weeks of Decem- ber. Each state will have its quota and it is hoped that many states will assume the expense of a building for one of the colleges.
The amount asked, $3,000,000, does not seem excessive for seven institu- tions, of which two are medical schools, requiring very expensive equipment.
It is a matter of great encourage- ment to the Joint College Board that the Associated Collegiate Alumna? took action, at its recent convention in Washington, approving the plans, .and will have a part through its branches in the securing of the funds. It is also hoped that women's colleges throughout the country will share in this important piece of Christian inter- nationalism.
It is expected that literature will be ready for the summer schools. A very simple pageant called "Lighting the Christmas Candles" was used in the East last winter, and resulted in very generous gifts. With some re- vision it will be presented again and offers a suggestion for Summer School programs.
In these colleges we find hope for the future. We cannot expect to evan- gelize great races except through their own trained Christian men and wom- en. Hitherto the women have had scant attention and while in Japan the Government has made very large ap- propriations for thirty-three univer- sities for men, not one dollar has gone into the higher education of women. "There are more licensed prostitutes and geisha girls in Japan than young women in high schools."
These colleges, four of them born during the war, will not in any degree meet the needs of these vast popula- tions, but will serve as models and will train the first Christian educators and leaders among women.
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It is, perhaps, the greatest work that Woman's Boards have before them, to finance, staff and equip these Chris- tian centers of higher education. Be- ginning fifty years ago, with an illit- erate womanhood, Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions have built up an edu- cational system which culminates to- day in these colleges. It would be disastrous to all the work if they were allowed to fail for lack of funds. Even those Boards not actively cooper- ating in their support must use them, since there are no others for the train- ing of their students and for that rea- son it seems just that there should be a public appeal in which all denomina- tions should unite. It is also to be noted that colleges in America have not depended wholly upon gifts of women for their support. Wellesley, Vassar and other great institutions have profited from large gifts of men. We believe there are many who might invest in like manner in these colleges for women in the East, realizing that what is done for women will have a great effect on the nation. China can- not build a republic on an illiterate womanhood ; Japan will never be a Christian nation "fit to enter the fam- ily of nations" until she has Christian leadership among her women who are so wonderfully qualified to take higher training; India, whose women are still enslaved through the customs fos- tered by Hinduism and Buddhism, can- not be free until the women are made free.
Laura Spelman Rockefeller
An Appreciation
The women who are to receive the great blessing of higher education through the gift of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund will wish to know something of the woman in whose name this gift is made.
Mrs. Rockefeller was a teacher in her early life. She was a devoted Christian and in every relation of life she carried her Christian principles to the very end. Her pastor, now Pres- ident Faunce of Brown University^ in
speaking of her recently, referred to the fact that she was always, unless prevented by illness, present at the prayer meeting of the church, keenly interested in every detail and most val- uable as an advisor and helper.
Mrs. Rockefeller was very gentle and modest, always effacing herself, but quietly she accomplished a great work. Keenly intelligent on all mat- ters of education and missionary inter- est she unassumingly and generously met hundreds of needs.
While she left to her husband and son the administration of larger gifts they were deeply influenced by her in- terest and spirit, and have perpetuated her life and memory in the great Me- morial Fund which bears her name.
There have been many valuable gifts made to women. One of the most beautiful in the world is the tomb, Taj Mahal, which an Eastern king built in the memory of his wife. In this me- morial we find the possibilities of a far more beautiful, living gift which is to shine in the lives of thousands of Oriental women. Mrs. Rockefeller, in her quiet loveliness as a Christian woman of highest culture was a model for all Christian women. May her life and spirit be perpetuated in this memorial, as her name will be.
THE SUMMER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS
All up-to-date missionary societies are looking forward to Summer Schools. We are presenting a list just received from Mrs. J. Harvey Borton, Moorestown, N. J., chairman of the Committee for Summer Schools of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. It is extremely im- portant that every missionary society have at least one representative at one of these schools. The lectures on the textbooks, Senior and Junior, the val- uable sessions on Methods, the inspira- tional evenings with missionaries, the simple, effective pageants, and above all the fellowship together, one heart, one mind, is of untold value. If you have not decided, decide now to go to your nearest Summer School.
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1. New England and the East
Joint Conferences — Home and Foreign Mountain Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C.
Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia. Chambersburg, Pa., Miss Mary C. Pea- cock, Torresdale, Pa.
Council of Women for Home Missions East Northfield, Mass., Mrs. Taber Knox, Warwick, N. Y.
Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions
East Northfield, Mass., Mrs. William
Waters, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. City. Chautauqua, N. Y., Mrs. T. E. Adams,
2033 East 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. New Wilmington, Pa., Miss Anne Milli-
gan, 200 North 15th St., Philadelphia. Oxford, Pa., Rev. L. E. Rife, 2145 North
2d St., Philadelphia.
2. Southern States
Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions
Tuscaloosa, Ala. (colored), Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, 257 Field Building, St. Louis.
Montreat, N. C, Mrs. M. C. Porter, 2828 Perrysville, Pittsburgh, Pa.
3. Middle West
Joint Conferences — Home and Foreign
Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, 111.
Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Del- aware, Ohio.
Minnesota, Minn., Mrs. W. U. Smith, 1044 Marshall Ave., St. Paul, Minn.
Federation of W omen's Boards of Foreign Missions
Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. J. F. Witherow, Tar- kio, Mo.
Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Box 54, Sta. A, Cleveland, Ohio.
New Concord, Ohio, Rev. J. K. Mont- gomery, D.D., New Concord, O.
Wooster, O., Mrs. Smith Conley, 57 S. Champion St., Columbus, Ohio.
Xenia, Ohio, Rev. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio.
Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, 111.
4. Western States
5. Southwestern States
Joint Conferences — Home and Foreign Oklahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. ' Gil- liam, 2244 Oklahoma City, Okla.
Council of Women for Home Missions , Dallas, Tex., Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas.
Federation of IVomcn's Boards of Foreign Missions
Dallas, Tex., Mrs. M. C. Porter, 2828 Perrysville Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
6. Pacific Coast States
Joint Conferences — Home and Foreign
Mt. Hermon, Cal., Mrs. J. C. Aleter, 21 Mountain Ave., Oakland, Cal.
Council of Women for Home Missions
Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions
Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. S. B. Hicks, 138 East Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
THE KINGDOM AND THE NATIONS
This study book, issued by the Cen- tral Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions, is a study of the Religious Reconstruction of the World. It seemed desirable to the committee to have a forward-looking young man write such a book, and Dr. North was secured as especially fitted for the work. The committee was very anxious that the religious side of reconstruction should be made promi- nent. There have been so many cures for human ills in these last years of war that have not proved efficacious. There is only one possible cure and that has not been tried to any great extent. There can be no settlement of the world's present unrest except in the plan which God Himself gave.
Dr. North makes this point very clear in every chapter of his book. He has presented the plan of the book in the Introduction leading up to the six chapters — -
Chapter I. Japan and Korea.
Chapter II. China.
Chapter III. India, Islam and the Near East.
Chapter IV. Africa and Latin America.
Chapter V. What the World Needs.
Chapter VI. What is Required of Us.
In addition to the latest information on these countries furnished in part by the Surveys of the Interchurch World Movement, and in part by his own extensive travels in the East and careful study, Dr. North has given us
THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN .MISSION BULLETIN 48'.
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in the last two chapters a remarkable challenge as a Christian Church.
This is not essentially a book for women, though every Christian woman should study it. It should be consid- ered by the whole Church and might well be used in our colleges as a text- book.
In the last chapter Dr. North points out that there are two ways in which we may hope to attain our end as a Christian Church, one by evangelizing the nations of the world and the other by Christianizing our international re- lations.
The book will be taught at Summer Schools and should be in the hands of pastors and Christian leaders through- out the country.
"A Noble Army"
This is the title of our Junior text- book by Ethel Daniels Hubbard, pub- lished by the Central Committee on United Study. The little volume of six chapters aims to reach the elder Juniors or Intermediate grade from twelve years old and upward, a simpler book being provided for younger chil- dren by the Missionary Education Movement.
The missionaries of the Cross are the army which is to conquer the world through the great host who are to be brought under the captain, Jesus Christ, through their efforts.
The Introduction presents the plan of the book. It is not merely a series of disconnected biographies. The six chapters follow the kinds of work that Jesus did here on earth. In the first chapter, "The Smoke of a Thousand Villages," we have the story of Moffat at work in the home, and in evangeliza- tion among the dark tribes of Africa.
In the second chapter, "The Boy with Five Talents," we find the work of Jesus as teacher exemplified in Wil- liam Carey.
In the third chapter, "The King of the Cannibals." we find in John G. Paton the pioneer reformer and
preacher among the South Sea Is- landers.
In the fourth chapter, "The Hermit of the Himalayas," we see in the life of Mary Reed, Jesus ministering to the lepers.
In the fifth chapter "The Veteran of Van," we find Christ, the Healer, through George Raynolds. the typical medical missionary.
In the sixth chapter, "Service Stars," we see in Mary Morrill, who won her gold star in martyrdom, the spirit of Him who laid down His life for humanity, and not in vain.
We believe this book should have a larger use than in the Junior Mission Band. We commend it to Sunday- school teachers of boys and girls of twelve years and over. It is too late to wait for our appeal for volunteers until our boys and girls have gone to college. Jesus was twelve years old when He said, "Know ye not that I must be about my Father's business?"
THE ANNUAL REPORT
The Annual Report of the Federa- tion of Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies is filled with interesting ma- terial. The story of the Christian Lit- erature Committee and its great work under the leadership of Miss Kyle, the work of the student committee, and the Union College committee, then the story of the Central Committee during its twenty-one years of service and the account of the Birthdav Party, with a report of the Committee on Summer Schools would furnish a delightful program for local federations or wom- an's circles in the churches. Send for the report (price 20 cents), on sale at all Woman's Boards.
The Deputation Report also would make a delightful program for women who wish to be in close touch with the rapidly moving progress of Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies. To im- personate the women who went on this trip, returning to tell the great stories of woman's work in the Orient would form a delightful and unique program.
5
MANYMND
AFRICA
Central Africa's New Cathedral
TWENTY years ago the London Missionary Society entered the Luapnla Valley and occupied the area around Kazenihc's — a country where Livingstone began his pathfinding. There the L. M. S. has labored effect- ively until they have about forty out- schools and 5,000 adherents. Recently a new brick church has been erected at Mbereshi, and Dan Crawford, who is known among the natives as Bwana Nkonga — "the Gatherer of the Peo- ples"— was invited to consecrate the building. Many Europeans came, in- cluding government officials and high churchmen, and King Kazembe with all his retinue. Mr. Crawford opened the Gothic door with a great ivory key carved from an elephant's tusk from the local marshes. The key was after- wards presented to Mr. Crawford in a casket of local mahogany.
Moslem Voters in Algeria
AMONG other political reforms in- troduced by France in Algeria is a liberal franchise for the native popula- tion. Although this law has been in force over a year, the Mussulman pop- ulation has so far made no use of this opportunity. Of the 50,000 Kabyles in the town of Algiers not one has ex- ercised this privilege. The probable reason is that the Mussulman does not care to buy political status at the price of surrendering his native customs. Polygamy, extreme ease of divorce, special laws of succession (women only inheriting half as much as men and eldest sons receiving most often three-fourths of the father's estate), are so engrained in the Mussulman soul that any renunciation of them would seem impossible to practically the whole of the native population.
A Chief Becomes a Christian
AMIANI, an influential chief over several East African tribes, who was once a cruel and wicked ruler, has recently became a Christian. The fol- lowing letter to a missionary worker of the American Friends' Mission at Kaimosi shows his change of heart :
Myself here Chief Amiani today am pray- ing God and wanting to be a Christian. Also I am wanting to meet with the Chris- tians at Kaimosi all the days truly. Also I have put away all of my seven heathen wives. I have not one left. They went home the 18th of May. Also I am wanting a Christian wife and I am trying to get one truly.
I am praying to Cod every day. Greet- ings to all of the white people truly. My words are finished.
Myself your friend.
Chief Amiani. American Friend.
A School at Chikore
AT Chikore, East Central Africa, two hundred miles from a railway and in the heart of the forest is a mis- sion school so largely attended that most of the classes have to be held outside the building. After the morn- ing session all the boys are required to work in the field. The hoes are placed on the ground, a signal given and the boys rush in and grab the hoes. This is not due to an eagerness for work, but each boy scrambles to get the smallest hoe. Many of the pupils come direct from heathen kraals.
A Visit to Barotseland
MISS C. W. MACKINTOSH, author of "Coillard of the Zam- besi," has been making a tour of African mission stations under the Paris Evangelical Mission. Of the Basutoland Mission she writes :
"A truly marvelous work is being carried on here by the ordained na- tive pastors, who outnumber the European staff, and by the hundreds of evangelists, schoolmasters and
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Bible women. About two thousand converts from among the heathen have been added to this Church during the last year. The discipline of the 'Fora' (French) Church, as it is called, is exceedingly strict. From its first founding ninety years ago, mercenary marriages and the brewing and drink- ing of strong beer have been forbidden to communicants ; wives of polygam- ists, except the first and only legiti- mate wife, must separate from their husbands, and the spirit as well as the letter of I Cor. vi. has been followed, 'Have no fellowship with the unfruit- ful works of darkness.' The Angli- can and Roman Catholic Churches have from their first arrival in the country countenanced all these three evils ; consequently many who have been taught and converted in the 'Fora' prefer to join a Church which allows liberty in these respects."
Miss Mackintosh was most im- pressed on her journey with the spir- itual opportunities in connection with the ministry of healing. In a terri- tory larger than England and Scot- land she found but one qualified physi- cian. Drugs are scarce and costly and an appalling amount of disease pre- vails, especially leprosy.
New Station in Nyassaland
NATIVE Christian Conventions are held annually in connection with the Nyassaland Industrial Mis- sion, when "the tribes of the Lord go up" to the central stations from all the outlying areas. The meetings last year were held as usual at Likubula and Ekolo, and a third convention was held at Xkate. a district which has only recently heard the Gospel. It is a testimony to the success of the mis- sion that a convention was called so soon. Groups marched in from the various villages, each headed by the village teacher, singing native hymns to old familiar turues. Meetings were held nearly all day long, especially on Sunday, and such numbers assembled that the throng outside exceeded the number within the building. The first baptism in this district took place
on the closing day, when thirteen were baptized. Life of Faith.
The Africa Inland Mission
THE Africa Inland Mission, found- ed in 1895, is now reaching twenty different tribes in 40 mission stations. There are 183 missionaries, of whom 156 belong to the American Section and 27 to the British and Australian Section.
The territory occupied includes Kenia Colony, British East Africa, with 18 stations and headquarters at Kijabe; Tanganyika Territory (three stations south of the Victoria Ny- anza) ; the Belgian Congo (20 stations west and northwest of Lake Albert), with headquarters at Aba. The Mis- sion is also extending westwards along the Velle River and northwest along the border of the Congo State. It should prove an important factor in arresting the southern march of Islam.
Mr. Hurlburt is now on his way back to America. His daughter, who was a valued helper, died in London en route.
Industrial Institute at Quessua
THE Methodist Board of Foreign Missions has recently purchased 8.000 acres of farm land in Portuguese West Africa for a demonstration farm and trades school for African Negroes, on the model of Hampton and Tuske- gee Institutes.
The high cost of living in Africa since the war has caused hardships to the native population. Cotton cloth and iron hoes cost five times more than in 1914. Before the war, plantation hands wore three or four yards of cloth around them, now only a half a yard is used, and many natives wear only the skin of some bush cat or gazelle.
Establishment of the farm and trades school forms part of a plan to raise the economic status of the Afri- can natives necessary for successful mission work on a large scale.
A brewing plant, which was located on this newly acquired tract will be converted into a sugar mill.
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The Exiled Herero Christians
WHEN the Herero insurrection broke out in 1904 the Mband- jerus tribe left the land of their fa- thers and practically disappeared. They wandered through British Bechuanaland as far as Lake Xgami and most of them settled there, but a small group of about 1,000 reached the Zambesi River and located near a Ger- man military station. They had been Christianized by Lutheran mission- aries, and last year two Hermanns- burg workers from the northern Transvaal visited them and found that they had built up a little village and erected a church. An evangelist named Ephraim and a deacon named Tim- othy were ministering to their spiritual needs. W hen the visiting missionaries arrived, fifty adult candidates for bap- tism were presented, and sixty-one children. After a two-weeks' stay among them, the tribesmen urged the missionaries to accept a thank-offering of $175. Thus a little group of exiles, in a strange land and surrounded by heathen environment, has maintained the pure worship of God and demon- strated the vitality of the Christian faith. Rhenish Society Report.
African Parable of Indecision
NATIVE preachers are very apt in their practical illustration of Christian truth. In a sermon on the text "Why halt ye between two opin- ions," a Xguna teacher gave an illus- tration culled from local mythology. A bird Oil Xguna was thirsty and wanted water. Hearing the sound of a running stream on TC fate it flew away in that direction. While (lying it caught the sound of running water from another direction and at once turned on its course. After flying for some distance the stream on Efate again at- tracted its attention, and the poor bird, with the sound of both streams in its cars, was unable to determine which one to select. At length, tortured by thirst and overcome with exhaustion, it fell dead between the two streams.
MOSLEM LANDS
Cairo University and the Sultan
THE Sultan of Egypt recently ex- pressed himself as looking to the new American University at Cairo to produce thoroughly trained men of high moral character. The attitude of the one hundred and fifty students, two-thirds of them Moslems, may be summarized somewhat as follows :
"Offer us what you have and we will study it. We expect you to stand by your principles, to be Christian, as well as American, thorough and confi- dent in your heritage, and built upon the experience and ideals of your race and nation. This does not commit us to subscribe to your religious confes- sion ; but it does mean that we are ready to investigate what you offer, for today is the day of inquiry in our land as it has never been before. We want to get at the truth in science and history, and to make thorough investi- gations along moral, social and polit- ical lines. You say the foundations of Western success are in its conception of God and man, or in Christ's teach- ings. Then show us that and prove it.'"
This is indeed a challenge to the leaders in this undertaking.
United Presbyterian.
Purity Campaign in Egypt
THE fight against the prevailing im- morality in Egyptian cities has al- ready been described in these columns. Individuals have been turned back from evil paths, and some have been converted; some streets have been placed "out of bounds" for soldiers, and a few resorts have been closed. But this is a very inadequate result in removing degrading influences. Some- thing is needed in governmental re- form, and still more in giving the Gos- pel of Christ to these thousands who are living and dying in ignorance and sin.
Immorality in Egypt, as in other countries, is a menace to physical health as well as to moral and spiritual life. Police statistics show that the
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number of government licensed wom- en in Cairo alone in 1916 was 1,755. and in 1919, after peace was declared, the number had decreased only about ten per cent. A great scourge of dis- ease broke out in 1916 as a result of the prevalence of immorality among soldiers stationed in Egypt. The num- ber of unlicensed women given over to vice is estimated at over 7.000 in Cairo alone.
Mr. A. T. Upson, with one or two brave and devoted helpers, is waging a persistent warfare against this evil. He is doing educational work through tracts, is rescuing some from the downward road, and is stirring the government to action. The work of Sherwood Eddy in Egypt was very ef- fective in awakening a sense of sin among the young men, and one thou- sand of them, who had been addicted to vice, filled out cards asking for spir- itual help. The fight against this sin must be :
( 1 ) By appeals to authorities to close disorderly resorts and to prohibit vile exhibitions and evil literature.
(2) By prayer to God for the sin- ners and for those engaged in combat- ing the evil.
(3) By active preventive, rescue and corrective work. The "Alliance of Honor" is growing, and at Minia one hundred members joined the so- ciety in one evening. There is need for more workers in cities and towns, in colleges and homes. Pray for the work and the workers.
TLe Y. M. C. A. in Turkey
THE Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation is an important factor in the reconstruction of the Xear East. The relation of the Association's reli- gious service to the Eastern churches is one of the problems presented. Thus far the feeling of the Greek and Ar- menian patriarchs has been most friendly, as they have observed the beneficial results of the work. The question of discovering native Chris- tian leaders, and of training them is also paramount. The present program is confined to Sunday afternoon meet-
ings for men, and a few Bible classes. Attendance at the Sunday meetings averages fifty.
The bringing of Turkish youth into contact with other nationalities, includ- ing the Armenian, makes for future conditions of harmony, but there is great need for a practical school of re- ligion where the laity may be trained in the study of the Bible, of religious thought and progress throughout the world and of methods for the applica- tion of religion to evervdav life in Tur- key.
Near East Relief Work
IT IS estimated that approximately 2,790,490 Armenians are still living, out of a pre-war population of about 4,000.000. According to the annual report filed with Congress by the Near East Relief, receipts and disburse- ments for the year 1920 amounted to $14,596,336.89," the total amount since the committee's organization being $46,482,924.48. Flour and other mer- chandise bring the total relief valua- tion administered through this channel up to $60,000,000.
As to accomplishment, the report shows 711 American and Canadian re- lief workers, including physicians, sur- geons, nurses, mechanics, industrial experts, engineers, agriculturists, teachers, administrators, orphanage experts, supply, transportation and general relief workers employed on lit- tle more than a volunteer basis, while 87.291 native workers have been em- ployed. The organization has main- tained 63 hospitals, with 6,522 beds. 128 clinics. 11 rescue homes, 299 or- phanages accommodating 54.600 chil- dren, and 56,039 children outside of orphanages.
British Girls' High School, Jerusalem
TN September. 1918, the Syria and -■■ Palestine Relief Commission found themselves obliged to take over a Ger- man Orphanage in Jerusalem, and decided to open it as a Girls' School. When missionary Societies were per- mitted to resume work in Palestine, the Church Missionary Society, the
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Jerusalem and Xear East Mission, the London Jews' Society and the United Free Church of Scotland Mission unit- ed in the plan of developing this as a Secondary School ; the four societies agreeing to furnish the staff and be responsible for the funds until self- support is reached. Miss Warburton of the British Syrian Girls' College in Beirut is the Principal.
Opportunity is offered students to share in the intellectual life of the West without leaving Palestine. Old- er girls are given preliminary prepa- ration for Law, Pharmacy, Archae- ology and Agriculture.
Homeless Nestorians
THIRTY thousand Assyrian Chris- tians are all that are left of 200,000 who lived in the mountains round about Urumia plain when the war broke out. Driven from their homes, their patriarch dead, with nowhere to go, they are being herded by the Brit- ish government under guard in the Tigris valley. The British hoped to take them back eventually to their own district, but have failed so far to ac- complish it. Great Britain would like to have the United States provide a refuge for them, and a proposal has been made to transfer them to Canada. They are a mountain-loving people, and in the hot lowlands of the Tigris they are ill and homesick. No one seems to know what to do with them, and unless some philanthropic, states- man-like mind undertakes a solution of the problem, these 30.000 Christians must remain in lower Mesopotamia, probably the most forlorn people in the world today.
Sarts of Turkestan
REV. G. W. HUNTER describes the Sarts of Chinese Turkestan as Mohammedans of a very bigoted type, although of late years a small percentage of them are inclined to be open and progressive. They number over 1.500,000. differ entirely from their Chinese neighbors and are gen- erally known as Turki Sarts. They eat the flesh of horses, and one may sometimes see on the Yarkand bazaar
horseflesh for sale, with a yak's tail hung over it. The Sarts are fond of drum beating and dancing, and at their marriages and festivals, the monoton- ous drumming goes on for hours. Both men and women use a prepara- tion of tobacco and lime, which is moistened and rolled into small pills ; these are placed between the lip and teeth of the lower jaw. This prepara- tion has an offensive smell and black- ens and rots the teeth. Many are also addicted to the smoking of bang, a drug made from hemp, the continued use of which seems as degrading as the opium habit. The Sarts take full advantage of the lax Mohammedan laws regarding marriage, and divorces are common. Like other Moham- medans the Turki women are supposed to be veiled in public, but this custom is lightly regarded in Eastern Turk- estan ; in the West, however. Turki priests beat the women who have ven- tured to appear unveiled upon the ba- zaar.
INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON
The Governor of Bombay's Testimony
AT A RECENT exhibition in By- culla, held by the Church of Eng- land Missionary Societies, Hon. George Lloyd, the governor of Bom- bay, made a significant statement as to the government attitude toward the missionary enterprise. He said in part :
"No one need have any doubts about the propriety or the wisdom of missionary en- terprise. It is one of the definite things that we are under orders to carry out. Nobody can have any doubts about it so long as he is a true Christian, because the orders are clear and definite. Therefore it is only a question of ways and means and of enthusi- astic workers to carry out that missionary enterprise according to the doctrines of the orders under which we all serve. Now, it is often said that government in this coun- try is neutral. It is rightly so said. That is to say. that under the government in this country and the Empire there is free- dom, full and complete, for all sects and classes of the people. But that does not mean in my humble interpretation that the government in this country should for that reason not encourage missionary enterprise and show it sympathy. After all. so long as we carry out our duty, which is to give
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freedom to all religions, we still have a right to carry out the orders which we as a Christian government are bound to ac- cept."
Dnyanodaya.
Needs of Burma
THERE were in Burma in 1918 about 280 hospitals and dispen- saries for the medical relief of Bur- ma's more than 12,000,000 people, which would make each dispensary- responsible for something over 43,000 persons. Almost all these institutions were provided either by a government in . sympathy with Christianity or by Christian missions, and only a negli- gible number by the people of Burma. There is an apathetic indifference to suffering in the public conscience of Burma. The blind in Burma easily numbered 17,000 last year, and when poverty is added the condition of the sufferer is terrible indeed. There are but two institutions for the blind in Burma, and none for the care of the 9,000 deaf mutes. Little or no effort is made to care for the mentally deficient, of whom there are at least 9,500. According to the latest gov- ernment report there are but two in- sane asylums, the one at Rangoon being very much overcrowded. The number of lepers is not stated in the recent government report, but those afflicted move about freely in the country, without hindrance from any one. The number of rupees spent by Buddhists on temple support and re- ligious observances would amply pro- vide for the philanthropic work so greatly needed.
Jaffna Going Dry
THE echo of America's prohibition movement comes next from Cey- lon. Principal Bicknell, of Jaffna Col- lege, writes :
"There is every hope that it will not be long before we shall be bone dry here. This will be difficult, as the peo- ple get their toddy from the trees, palmyra and cocoanut, growing in their back or front yards. In this move- ment our teachers and boys have taken an active part as general prop- agators of temperance sentiment. The
movement has not only led to the clos- ing of certain taverns, but has influ- enced the government to take a differ- ent attitude from what it had before assumed. Further, it has led to the working together of Hindu and Chris- tian, with the result that the feeling is more cordial than before."
Church Union in Assam
THERE are 50,000 Christians in the Khasi hills and 20,000 in the Lushai hills of Assam. On February 19, at Laitkynsen, Khasi Hills, the churches of the Welsh General Assem- bly were formally united with the Presbyterian Church of India. Forty years ago correspondence was ex- changed regarding such an alliance, and a week of prayer was held for mu- tual help and guidance.
At the meeting on February 19, Rai Sahib Dhoni Ropinay said in the Khasi language :
"As a Khasi, I can see many ways in which we may be a blessing and re- ceive a blessing from this union. We are hill people ; but shall we always be a people closed in our hills? Shall we be like frogs which croak in the muddy pool, or like the fish that go into deep waters? When I was a child, we thought the world was bounded by our horizon. Since then we have learned differently and have followed the greater light. During the war, we went to France, Mesopotamia and Pal- estine. Khasis saw the great cities and ate their cold rice in the streets of Damascus. Shall it be longer said that we are stupid people? In times past, when we were not Christians, we made treaties with the plains people. Now that the Light of the Gospel has shone upon us, we join a union of His followers. May its purpose and result not be selfish, but to give that Light to the whole of India."
Church for Lepers in Siam
FUNDS have now been secured for erecting a new and adequate church for the leper Christian congre- gation at Chiengmai, and it is planned to have it ready for occupancy before
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the end of the year. This leper church numbers two hundred, all of whom are joyfully looking forward to the possession of a church home. When Dr. and Mrs. McKean began their work at Chiengmai Leper Asy- lum, they began it with the specific prayer, in which they asked all their friends to join, that every leper who came to the asylum should become a follower of Christ. This prayer has been abundantly answered, as every inmate, with possibly one exception, has become a Christian.
JVitliout the Camp.
CHINA
Compulsory Education
THE Ministry of Education is mak- ing an effort to enforce universal, free education for Chinese children. The province of Shansi, having a most enlightened governor, has set the standard and other provinces have been directed to establish free schools in the following order: in provincial capitals and commercial ports in 1921, in district cities in 1922, in towns with more than 500 homes in 1923, in cen- ters of more than 300 homes in 1924; and in corresponding ratio down to 1928. when villages of less than 100 homes will be provided with schools.
This new scheme may have hin- drances in the way as long as military disturbances continue and teachers are on strike because their salaries are un- paid. Parents are not yet awake to the need of education, and a national sense of the evils of illiteracy is essen- tial before universal education can be- come a reality. Thirty times more money was spent in China last year for military purposes than for educa- tion. What an injustice to the future generations !
Chinese "Haystack" Band
THE second annual meeting of the new National Chinese Home Mis- sionary Society was held in October. 1920, at Shanghai. Educated, trained Chinese, after the more than 100 years of foreign missionary work in their country, are now fairly launching their
own missionary work in a dignified, prayerful way. The responsibility is in the hands of the Chinese themselves, working with an Advisory Committee of Chinese and Americans. A wel- •come was given to the first party sent out by this new society, two men and four women, to the distant province of Yunnan, a distance in time as great as from America to China, and to a part of China in some ways as foreign to these missionaries as China is to Amer- icans.
Swatow Celebrates Anniversary
THE sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the South China Mis- sion (American Baptist) was cele- brated in Swatow on October 21st. The spectacular feature was a school parade a half mile long. "More than 1.200 students, all in Christian schools and many training for definite Chris- tian service, were in line to demon- strate what God hath wrought in sixty years. The growth from a single school with eight pupils paid for at- tending to 167 schools, with 5,565 pupils paying $50,000 in annual fees is another modern miracle.
Relief of the Famine in China
OVER an area of a hundred thou- sand square miles in China famine stalks in grim desolation. This area has thrilling possibilities of mission- ary advance. No whiter field has ever been known.
In Tientsin there is excellent gen- eral missionary work, a flourishing boys' and girls' boarding school. Teh- chow has a strong academy for boys, the Grace Wyckoff Memorial School for Girls, and the impressive Williams J [ospital for men and women with I >r. and Mrs. Tucker in charge. At Lint- sing two fine schools and another hos- pital in the care of Dr. and Mrs. Helli- well. Then at Taiku Dr. and Mrs. Hemingway have the Judson Smith Memorial Hospital, and the Oberlin- Shansi Memorial Academy perpetu- ates the memory of the Boxer martvrs of 1900.
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American missionaries there have relinquished the tasks they love, for others that must be done. Their hearts are fixed on the famine-stricken people. They must save the lives of as many as they possibly can in the next four months. Every moment is precious. Every dollar put in their hands means a new lease of life for some sufferer.
Aborigines in China
THE aborigines, an apparently dis- tinct race, are supposed to have entered China from the northwest, and to have been crowded into the mountainous southwest provinces where thev now dwell. Thev number over 30.0)0.000. The Chinese call them "sprouts." and they call the Chi- nese "guest folk," meaning strangers. Their language, customs and methods of marrying differ entirely from those of the Chinese. The aborigines have their special courting grounds. The boys arrive with bundles of clean clothes, and slip them over their dirty ones. They whistle for the girls, who then come on the scene. In a few min- utes one would perhaps see half a dozen shy boys singing their love songs in the company of as many giggling girls, who would respond in tones and manner peculiarly their own.
Christian work has gone on steadily among these tribes. It is said that at least 70.000 of them have come under the influence of Christian teaching within the past twenty years.
JAPAN— CHOSEN
An Ambassador's Tribute to Missions
HON. ROLAXD S. MORRIS, re- cently the American Ambassador to Japan, in the "Annals of the Amer- ican Academy of Political and Social Science," pays the following tribute to Christian missions :
"I like to think of those splendid statesmen-missionaries like Yerbeck and Davis and Hepburn and Loomis. who went out in the late fifties and seventies and became the counselors and friends of the Japanese Govern- ment officials, and helped them in their early contacts with Western life.
'*\Ye hardly realize how much that educational and missionary work has done, because one can never value the effect, or estimate the force of an idea as it permeates into the body of the civilization of a people. They estab- lished a university. They established contacts. They guided the early stu- dents who came in such numbers to the United States. They formed that bond which has continued to exist be- tween our two peoples, that bond of education in which thousands of Jap- anese young men have come over to study our institutions, to live in the at- mosphere of our life, and go back there to live in the political, commercial and other interests of their country.
"One can hardly comprehend, in the study of the Japanese problem, the vast sympathy and affection that has been created in the Japanese peo- ple by the unselfish effort of the hun- dreds of men who have gone out there and educated those people through the past half a century. \Ye must keep that as part of the background of any questions or problems that may arise between our two peoples."
Commission on Education for Korea
THE Government-General in Korea last January published the follow- ing three principles on which educa- tion in Korea is to be based :
r. That the educational system in Korea, in so far as circumstances permit, should be based upon the system of education in Japan proper ;
2. That no disability should prevent the Koreans from receiving the full advantages of an education, under whatever system adopted, and even in case it should be nec- essary to adopt a different system of educa- tion for the Koreans :
3. That there should be a closer correla- tion between the schools in Korea and the schools in Japan proper.
It was further recommended that the common school course be extended to cover six years ; that school age begin at six instead of eight ; that one year be added to the course in higher common schools ; that the course for industrial schools be lengthened from three years to five years ; that a nor- mal school be established ; and that
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plans be laid for the founding of a uni- versity. Japan Evangelist.
NORTH AMERICA Missionary Service Pins
TN RECOGNITION of faithful A service the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions has awarded a service pin to fifteen workers who have served for twenty-five years or more. The pin is the board's seal in blue enamel surrounded by a rim of plain gold in which is engraved the year of entering the work and the year of the award of the pin. On the reverse side is the missionary's name.
New Headquarters for Bible Society
THE new home of the New York Bible Society, No. 5 East 48th Street, was dedicated on April 25th, with appropriate ceremonies. The So- ciety was located for fifty years in the old Bible House on Astor Place. The new building is a gift to the 'Society from the estate of the late James Tal- cott, of New York.
The building will also house the Bible and Fruit Mission to the public hospitals of New York, of which Mrs. James Talcott is president, and the Fe- male Auxiliary Bible Society. The McAll Mission will hold its board meetings there. The building contains an auditorium, with a capacity of 250, which will be available for meetings of all sorts, and is valued at $250,000.
A Unique Church
THERE is a non-denominational church in California with about 2,200 members that supports 23 mis- sionaries on the foreign field, in addi- tion to all its activities at home. This church is only five years old and has no organizations other than the Sun- day-school and Christian Endeavor Society. The members make no pledges, conduct no church fairs or sales ; have no banquets or movies, but there is spiritual life, Bible teach- ing. Christian fellowship and devoted service. It is the "Church of the Open Door" in Los Angeles.
ill
Court Trials and Religion
A RECENT grand jury in Chicago included a number of outstanding church leaders who were painfully im- pressed with the feeling that the oath as administered meant little or nothing to most of the witnesses.
The jurymen voted to have a pla- card printed about four feet square and hung up on the wall directly in front of the witness box, so that it stared straight into the eyes of every person who sat in the witness chair. This was the inscription that it bore:
"The Oath : The man who takes an oath enters into a covenant with God that he will act faithfully or testify truly in the case in which he is sworn."
The sobering effect on witnesses was so noticeable that the jury recommend- ed an order for such a sign to be placed in every court room of Cook County. It appears to be simple logic that if the State expects a citizen to have a sufficient reverence for God to supply a compelling motive for honesty it should teach him in its public schools at least enough about God and man's accountability to Him to lay the foun- dations of that reverence.
Gospel Team Work
THE business men's gospel teams of the Chicago Y. M. C. A. have achieved a notable success during the past few months. Forty men from all walks of life have banded themselves together for a type of religious work that is receiving much commendation from the churches. The teams con- duct services in the churches, as well as prayer-meetings, young people's meetings and revival meetings. Dur- ing 1920 they led more than 300 serv- ices in more than 200 churches in Chicago.
One of the workers in these activi- ties is Mr. C. F. Johnson, blind since birth, who has become the expert piano tuner of the Board of Education. Evenings and Sundays with his Bible for the blind, he speaks from pulpits or conducts meetings for young people.
1921]
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Mormons and Polygamy
HEBER J. GRANT, president of the Mormon Church, is reported to have made an address in the Salt Lake City Tabernacle recently in which he uttered a warning to "certain persons among us who are declaring that they have been instructed by the Lord to perform plural marriages."
"Any person who attempts to teach other than the prevailing system of one wife for one man is sanctioning the practice of adultery, and any who enter such marriage are guilty of adul- tery in the face of God," President Grant said.
The Mormon Church is said to have excommunicated several members who had held to the practice of polygamy. This pernicious anachronism seems to have been on the wane for several years, and those familiar with the sit-, nation agree that polygamy will prob- ably become extinct within the present generation.
New Commissioner of Indian Affairs
THE appointment of Charles H. Burke as Commissioner of Indian Affairs is a cause for gratification to the friends of Indians. He has served seven terms in Congress, and most of that time was a member of the House Committee on Indian Affairs. He has several times led the fight to pro- tect the Indians from injustices and wholesale plundering.
Mr. Burke's name is associated with that of the late Senator Dawes in the matter of Indian citizenship. The Dawes Bill of 1887 gave authority to the Indian Bureau to individualize In- dian land holdings, restricted the dis- posal or mortgaging of these holdings for a period of 25 years, and admitted to citizenship the Indian whose land was individualized. It was found that the granting of citizenship was imma- ture and the Burke Act of 1906 post- poned citizenship until the end of the twenty-five year period of trust. It guarded Indian interests by giving jur- isdiction over the allottee to the United States during the quarter century period.
LATIN AMERICA
Gospel Supplants Pistol in Mexico
TN THE state penitentiary at Mon- A terey, Mexico, the Methodist Church has held a religious service every Sun- day for the benefit of the prisoners, for four years with little apparent re- sult. The workers were inclined to be discouraged until the following letter was received from the prison warden: "Before you came, the prison was indom- itable : I had to go with pistol in hand to visit the prisoners; now I need no pistol, everything goes well. Come, because we need you."
These words were sufficient to cause the work to continue without interrup- tion. A colonel who was in the prison for a few days, heard the Gospel. Today he is mayor of the town of San Nicolas de los Garza, and has invited the pastor to start work there, he him- self offering to assist in obtaining a place for the services, as well as guar- anteeing necessary protection.
New Parish House in Hidalgo
PACHUCA, Mexico, the capital of Hidalgo, has a native population of 40,000, and an English-speaking col- ony of 250. The Methodist Church, the only Protestant Church there, has opened a social center, and offers a program of service to the entire com- munity. A vacant school building has been secured and fitted out with a piano, a library of 500 volumes, games, reading tables and athletic appliances. Alining companies have cooperated heartily in the enterprise.
Christian Advocate
Missionary Call from Honduras
TN HONDURAS ninety per cent, of A the people cannot read and write. There is not a trained nurse in the Republic. A city hospital in Teguci- galpa presents an imposing architec- tural appearance, but the absence of trained nurses, and the insufficient equipment would hardly entitle it to rank as a hospital. The only bedding provided for patients is a red blanket for each canvas cot, which frequently is used by successive patients without
THE .MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[ June
washing. Here is a field ripe for the harvest, entered one year ago by the American Baptist Home Mission So- ciety. Coc Hayne.
Brazil Closes Lotteries
AX IMPORTANT step toward na- tional righteousness was taken in Brazil when the Federal Government decreed that all public lotteries must cease from March 1. 1921. Lotteries have been one of the open sores of Brazil, giving employment to thou- sands of people, while morally destroy- ing hundreds of thousands. The State of S. Paulo has up to now been re- ceiving, at present exchange, some £39.000 every year, by way of royal- ties received from lotteries organized within its boundaries, and had just put up the price to £50.000 a year — in other words, had "farmed out" the lottery business. Other states did the same, and the Federal Government as well.
Stewardship in Chile
A STRONG evangelistic movement in Chile has culminated in a large addition to the churches at Easter. Each pastor has been acting as his own evangelist, holding local institute meetings and organizing his church into groups which met regularly for prayer and conference. Each group, under supervision of a lay leader, prayed for some certain person or some particular part of the work each week, and every member of the group was expected to bring new members to his group. At the institute meetings there were talks and lectures on the stewardship of service, when the church members were shown their in- dividual responsibility for some par- ticular phase of church work.
Few Chileans have ever felt any responsibility for supporting their church, and most of them spend their income within a few days after re- ceiving it and live from hand to mouth until the next pay day, pawn- ing their possessions if needs become urgent. With stewardship literature as a basis, missionaries have sought to
encourage regular church contribu- tions, with noticeable improvement in both spiritual and financial conditions.
The Continent .
EUROPE
Missionary Service League in England
THE recently formed Missionary Service League is the outcome of an effort to coordinate all the activ- ities of the Church Missionary Society, and is a development of the Gleaners' Union. One of its aims is to enlist the service of the younger people of the church, and to create a fuller knowl- edge of missionary apologetics. Mem- bership is open to anyone over sixteen years of age. The "C. M. S. Gleaner." which becomes the League's official organ, will be changed next year to "The Church Missionary Outlook."
Temperance Vote in Scotland
ALTHOUGH the face value of the Scottish temperance vote seems dis- appointing, no country making an in- itial trial of local option has gone far- ther. Forty per cent, of the people voted either for complete elimination, or drastic limitation. The areas of largest population, in Glasgow and the West, showed the strongest anti-liquor vote and the largest reduction of li- censes. The fishing towns of the North put drink under the ban. The act required that electors voting for change had to number at least 35 per cent, of the whole electorate, and that of the votes recorded at least 55 per cent, had to be in favor of "no-license," if it was to be carried. Had a simple majority of votes cast been allowed to rule, there would have been eighty- five instead of forty-one prohibition areas.
Work for Jews in Paris
MENTION was made in the Janu- ary Review of work among the Tews of Paris as being conducted by the London Mission to Jews. This new work is under the direction of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Is- rael, and not the London Mission. Two women workers. Miss Stenius and Miss Juvelius, a Finnish deacon-
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ess, who is a fully trained nurse, are in charge of this work. In addition to the distribution of Christian liter- ature, principally the Gospels in vari- ous languages, homes are visited and classes and meetings are held in a lim- ited way. The present great need is for an adequate building where all the work can be concentrated, and a Bible depot and free library opened. Twice a week the children are gathered in some Protestant church for a Bible class, and once a week the mothers come for a sewing class and Bible in- struction combined.
Work for Russian Prisoners
ONE outcome of the Gospel work for Russian prisoners in Germany during the war. carried on by an American committee, is that some twenty of these prisoners who were converted have been given an oppor- tunity to study further in preparation for evangelistic work among their own countrymen. Pastor Jack is conduct- ing such a small school in YVernigrode.
In spite of the paragraphs in the Bolshevist Constitution, explicitly granting liberty of conscience and free- dom of religious propaganda, the Bol- shevist leaders do all they can to pre- vent the preaching of Christianity to Bolshevist prisoners and troops. In some of the camps there are flourishing churches and in Salzroedel, Germany, one has 60 members, including many Bolshevists. The American committee is supplying Bibles and Pilgrim's Progress in Russian.
ISLANDS OF THE SEA News from Tahiti
|"T IS a little over a century since the A first missionaries went to Tahiti, and it was twelve years before the first converts were received. Papeete, a harbor town, is now the center for missionary work, as here the Islander can "see life" and men and women from near and far islands gravitate to this point, and settle in little commu- nities. One such from the Cook Is-
lands has a small church. Tahiti is divided into eighteen parishes and Morea into four. There are also a number of smaller islands over which the mission exercises control. The churches are conducted very largely along Congregational principles. There is a training college for native pastors, the course extending over four years. At present there are nine students.
Much of the educational work is carried on by the Paris Missionary Society, although there are some gov- ernment schools.
Importance of Winning Moros
BISHOP BREXT has said that the American Government, by dis- arming the Moros and compelling them to send their children to school, prepared the way for missionary work among them so effectively that they will probably be the first Mohamme- dans to come over to Christianity in large numbers, and Bishop Oldham asserts that "the crux of missionary effort in Asia is in the Philippines." To the Asiatics, America appears as exemplifying in the Philippines that Gospel which missionaries are preach- ing at their doors.
Recently a Moro young man was ordained to the ministry. He is now carrying the Gospel to his kinsmen on Mindinao. The Moros once Chris- tianized will apply the fearless zeal for which they are known to Borneo, Java, Siam and India, and with far- reaching effect upon these citadels of Islam. Missionary Herald.
Family Prayers in Micronesia
ALL the Christians in Micronesia observe family prayers, both morn- ing and evening. The signal for prayers is given in two booming notes produced from a large shell — an ap- propriate substitute for a bell in that land of shell and coral.
In Jaluit more than fifty have united with the Church, and there are many more candidates at all the preaching centers of the American Board Mis- sion. Missionary Herald.
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[ June
MISCELLANEOUS
Jubilee of Woman's Baptist Society
THE first of ten golden jubilee cel- ebrations of the Baptist Woman's Foreign Mission Society to be held from the Atlantic to the Pacific took place in Boston April 26th-28th. This society for women was organized by 200 women in Boston, April 3, 1871. The opposition encountered can scarcely be realized in view of the sub- sequent achievements. Moved by the same convictions. Baptist women in Chicago also formed a missionary so- ciety, and these two organizations were consolidated in 1913. The so- cietv has now 257 missionaries, 1.025 schools, 122.968 pupils. 225 Bible women and 1,767 native assistants.
Conference on Fundamentals
THE third Conference on Christian Fundamentals will be held in Den- ver, June 12th-19th. The chairman of the Program Committee has indicated the following list of topics for report and discussion :
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Sunday-school Instruction.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to College Training.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Theological Training.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Church Work.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Evangelism.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Religious Literature.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to Social Service.
The Relation of Christian Fundamentals to World Missions.
Sunday-School Statistics
THE total Sunday-school enrolment reported at the Zurich Convention in 1913 was 29.848.041. Owing to the war it was impossible to gather complete statistics from Europe, but the following summary is based on the best information available. The total enrolment reported at Tokyo was 30,- 296.531 :
Sunday- Officers Schools & Teachers Pupils 155.044 1,697.520 17,065,061 167 606 13,061
3,246 16,203 146,141 1. 617 8,953 128,437
680,189 7,943,440
North America . Central America South America . , West Indies
Europe 68.189
Asia 32.S54 65.704 1,314,156
Africa 10,015 46,007 660,218
Malaysia 538 307 15,369
Oceania 14-856 71,336 423.823
Grand totals . . . 287,426 2,586,825 27,709,706
Secretaries are now requested from Siam. Czecho-Slovakia, Ceylon, Ma- laysia and Korea. Additional workers are needed in Europe. India, China, Korea and South America.
Memorial to Dr. Stearns
TO PERPETUATE the missionary work of Dr. D. M. Stearns an or- ganization, of which Mrs. Stearns is honorary president, has been effect- ed. As heretofore, offerings will be received and forwarded without ex- pense to the missionary work desig- nated. Remittances should be made to the "D. M. Stearns Missionary Fund," and addressed to 167 West Chelten Ave., Germantown, Pa.
OBITUARY
Dr. Maxwell, of London
JAMES L. MAXWELL, M.A., M.D., editor of Medical Missions and head of the London Medical Mis- sionary Association, died March 6th, in his 85th year. Dr. Maxwell was for a time a medical missionary to China, and his two sons are now there in the double ministry of healing the sick and preaching the Gospel.
Dr. Maxwell also served several vears on the Advisory Council of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel.
Bishop Harris, of Japan
REV. MERRIAMAN COLBERT HARRIS, D.D., missionary bish- op emeritus of Japan and Korea, died in Tokyo, May 8th, in his seventy-fifth year. Bishop Harris was appointed a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church to Japan in 1873, and had been three times decorated by the Emperor for meritorious services. He was es- pecially successful in his work for the young men of the schools.
Bishop Harris was retired in 1916, and spent his last years in a home on the grounds of the Methodist College at Aovama.
THE MI
Russia in the Shadows. By H. G. Wells.
Illustrated. 12mo. 179 pp. $1.50.
George H. Doran Co., New York. 1921. "Our dominant impression of things Russian is an impression of a vast irreparable breakdown," says Mr. Wells. His account of his two weeks' visit in 1920 (most of the time being spent in Petrograd) is necessarily par- tial and superficial. It is nevertheless interesting to see the results of the Soviet government through his eyes. He believes that the present govern- ment is the only possible one at the present time, but control is held by less than one-tenth of one per cent, of old Russia. The Communist party num- bers onrv about 150,000 adherents and the Soviet government is not a democ- racy or a rule of the proletariat, but a despotism, governing by force. The peasant farmers care not so long as they can live in peace. In the city of Petrograd almost all shops are closed ; for a time train transportation was free — the result was bedlam ; streets are in a frightful condition; everyone is shabby : the death rate has increased fourfold and the birth rate has de- creased to one-half what it was form- erly. Drugs and medicines are prac- tically unobtainable and in hospitals operations are performed only one dav a week. Fuel is also very scarce and food is poor and scanty. Mr. Wells, however, blames European imperial- ism and not Bolshevist rule for this misery.
Mr. Wells has great faith in his own opinions, but expresses disbelief in the Bolshevist doctrines and their prophet. Karl Marx. He admires their spirit and purpose, but not their program. The educational system in Moscow and Petrograd he believes%to be good, but the moral conditions among the young people are exceedingly bad. Of reli- gion they have none, but superstition still remains among the ignorant. On the whole, Mr. Wells' picture is inter-
esting to look at from a distance, but not reassuring. There seems little hope for Russia except in a regener- ative movement.
Home Missions Council — Annual Meet- ing. Pamphlet. 270 pp. New York, 1921.
The Annual Reports of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions contain valuable papers and discussions. These include reports on the Indians, mi- grant groups, the Xegroes, immigrants, Orientals, Mexicans and rural com- munities. There are also financial sta- tistics of sixty-three organizations, showing total appropriations of $23.- 135,601, and the usual directory of Home Mission Societies.
Gotama Buddha. By Kenneth J. Saunders. 12mo. 113 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New York, 1921.
Buddhism is one of the great reli- gious systems of the East. It is, like Christianity and Mohammedanism, a missionary religion, but unlike Islam it has never depended for its extension on the use of force. There are many points of similarity to the teachings of Christ and many divergencies — espe- cially from evangelical Christianity. The followers of Buddha number about 300.000 million — or more than any other religion except Christianity.
Gotama Buddha was a remarkable man. Although he was born about 500 years before Christ and was brought up in the midst of comforts and with the expectation of coming into a position of influence, he re- nounced all earthly advantages and in- dulgence to find peace. The story of his "great discovery," his wanderings, his teachings, his daily life, and the in- crease of his influence is worthy of careful reading. Many of Buddha's ideals are Christlike. The failure of Buddhism comes from the lack of power to carry out those ideals and
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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD
[ June
from the inability to reveal God and eternal life.
Mr. Saunders' life of Buddha fur- nishes valuable and reliable informa- tion for students, but is not a popular life of the interesting prophet.
Neighboring Americans. By Mary Clark Barnes. 16mo. 68 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell, New York, 1920. The problem of making the for- eigner into an intelligent, useful Amer- ican citizen is one that calls for the best thought and Christian effort. Mrs. Barnes' first step in the solution is "plain neighborliness." She goes on to write of the way to bring this about — teaching English to adults, interest- ing the people in the Church, cooper- ating with Daily Vacation Bible Schools, public schools and libraries, and by distributing literature. She concludes: "Let us take for our sym- bol, not the brazen 'melting pot,' but a living tree, with many ingrafted stocks, sharing a common life, bearing various fruits and all combining to provide shelter and refreshment for the world."
Pesrl's Secret. By Mrs. Howard Taylor.
16mo. 2 s. 6 d. Morgan and Scott,
London, 1920. A bright little English girl in China ii the subject of this sketch. She was full of life and love and full of mis- chief, too. She was a Christian, and the message of her life is the Chris- tian's secret — and how she learned it. It is a helpful story, well told — espe- cially for parents.
Rural Evangelism. By James E. Wag- ner. 12mo. 176 pp. Methodist Book Concern. 1920.
Rural evangelism is a problem by itself. Country churches cannot se- cure large crowds or costly campaigns for protracted meetings. There is, however, great need for practical and persistent evangelism in rural districts. Dr. Wagner writes from experience and his book is the result of confer- ences with rural pastors. The chap- ters deal with general principles rather than with definite methods attempted
and proved successful. They are, however, stimulating and illustrated with many practical experiences.
Six Thousand Country Churches. By
Chas. O. Gill and Gifford Pinchot. 12mo. 237 p. $2.00. The Macmillan Co. New York, 1920.
Ohio was taken as the subject for a state-wide religious survey. The findings have been revised by the Com- mission on Church and Country Life of the Federal Council of Churches. They are made clear by charts, maps and statistics. Every state should have a similar survey, planned and paid for by its own churches. Here we see townships that are over- churched and others that are neg- lected. In 317, or 27 per cent of the rural townships, there is no resident minister. Illiteracy and illegitimacy abound most in the southeastern sec- tion where missionarv work is most needed. Farm property has the low- est value in the same section.
Schools with a Message in India. By
Prof. D. J. Fleming. Illustrated. 12mo. 209 pp. Oxford University Press, New York. 1921.
This is another volume resulting from the visit of the commission that went to India last year to study village education from a Christian viewpoint. It is a practical study of particular schools, and what they are accomplish- ing in the way of vocational training adapted to Indian needs. Twelve chapters describe twelve types of schools — factory, apprentice, voca- tional, middle schools, industrial insti- tutions for young women, etc. They are a valuable contribution and worthy of careful study by every missionary.
Yarns of the Near East. By Basil Mathews. 12mo. SO pp. Paper. 1 shil- ling net. United Council for Missionary Education. London, 1920. With facile pen Mr. Mathews tells seven true stori»s — of St. Paul, Mo- hammed, Abdallah, Henry Martyn. E. D. Cushman and Archibald Forder. They are especially adapted for use with groups of boys.
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