HARVARD UNIVERSITY el LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology TRANSACTIONS. OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. PART 17, ri ISSUED TO- MEMBERS. FOR THE YEAR 1801. C OCT 11-194 (SECOND EDITION OF) \tieaasy NORTH YORKSHIRE: STUDIES OF ITS BOTANY, GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, | BY | JOHN GILBERT BAKER, E.R.S, F.L.S., ETHE Royat Hernarium, Kew, Ex-PResIDENT AND PERMANENT. VICE-PRESIDENT Ot THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. CONTENTS OF FIFTH INSTALMENT (FOUR SHEETS). THE FLORA or NORTH YORKSHIRE (Pyrola to Sesleria) ae pp. 337—400 The next instalment will complete the Flowering Plants and commence the Mosses and Hepatics. LEEDS: PRINTED FOR THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION | BY TAYLOR BROTHERS. OCTOBER 1892. TRANSACTIONS OV THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION. Part 18 (ror 1892) will be devoted to the continuation of Mr. KIDSTON’S * Reports on the Carboniferous Flora of Yorkshire,’ oe am 4 ~ \ OCT 11 194: S0AZA4 NLIBRARY PYROLA—VINCA. a6 Pyrola secunda 1. Scottish type. Native. Montane. Area 9. Range 500, In Teesdale upon the perpendicular tocks at the White Force, the station almost or quite inaccessible. Tt grows also at High Cup Nick, beyond our limits, Monotropa Hypopitys L. Germanic type. Native. Area 8.3. Range 100-200, Found in plenty by Hebble- thwaite on the western edge of the Central Valley in a plantation of larches at Kirklington and recently by W. W. Reeves, under beeches in Thornton-le-dale near Pickering, Nex Aquifolium L. 3ritish type. Native. Area general. Range 9-450. Common in woods, thickets and hedgerows, ascending to Holwick Scars and the Main Limestone crags of Downholme Moor, Preston Moor and Copperthwaite Moor. It forms almost alone a natural wood upon the slope towards the Esk of the spur of hill which separates Great Fryupdale from Little Fryupdale, and in a few other places, Ligustrum vulgare L. English type. Native. Subxero- Philous, Area general. Range 0-150. Apparently indigenous in a few places in woods and thickets, as for instance upon the Coast at Saltburn ; but far more usually it grows in the hedgerows of the low country, and must be regarded as introduced. It is Clearly wild amongst the Limestone scars and débris of Craven, but I have not seen it under similar circumstances within our limits, Grown in gardens up to 350 yards. Fraxinus excelsior I. British type. Native. Area Seneral, Range 0-450. One of the commonest trees of the lowland hedgerows, but not so common as the Oak in the aboriginal dale woods. It ascends to Holwick Scars and the limestone crags of the upper part of Hell Gill. : Vinca Minor L. Alien. Occasionally subspontaneous in the neighbourhood of parks and gardens. The most thoroughly Sstablisheq Station which I have seen is at Moat Wood near 1 hirsk, where it grows plentifully along with Prunus avium near the site of a nunnery, Bot, Trans, XNU, Vol. z w BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. 338 Vinca major L. Alien. Like the preceding, but rarer. Melsonby, Camphill, Thormanby, Great Ayton, Guisbrough, Runswick, etc. Gentiana verna L. Intermediate type. Native. Montane. Subxerophilous. Area 9. Range 400-800. (See page 138.) In Teesdale ascending to the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell, descending to the open space between Cronkley Scars and the river. It has been seen by the Tees side in the Central Valley at Blackwell Bridge near Darlington, of course carried down by the river. Gentiana Pneumonanthe L. English type. Native. Area8.321. Range 0-200. Frequent amongst the damp sandy heaths of the Central Vale and Howardian tract. Catton, Elmire, Pilmoor, Raskelf, Stockton, Strensall, Flaxton, Slingsby Moor, ‘Terrington Carr, ete. Damp heathery moorland in Rosedale, abundant ; W. Foggitt. Like the other ericetal plants of the low country, it is growing gradually less plentiful year by year, as cultivation and drainage extend. Gentiana Amarella L. British type. Native. Subxer- ophilous. Area general. Range 0-700. Frequent in grassy places, especially in the limestone tracts, ascending to the Main Limestone scars of Booze Moor, and the limestone edges of the north-eastern slope of Mickle Fell and in Yore district at ` 600 yards on Ten end; J Percival. Gentiana campestris L. British type. Native. Area 987-54321: Range 0-500. Frequent in grassy places, ascending from the Coatham sandhills to the Main Limestone pavement of Cam Fell. Erythrea Centaurium Pers. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-250. Frequent in dry or damp sandy ground in the low country, ascending in Wensleydale to Aysgarth. Ascends to 250 yards on the Hambleton plateau at the head of Slip Gill. CHLORA—CONVOLVULUS, 339 Chlora perfoliata L. English type. Native. Area8.6. 32. Range 0-100. In similar situations to the preceding, but rare. About the Magnesian Limestone on the north side of the Wharfe at Thorp Arch. In the Central Valley on Carthorpe moor, and in a sandy game-preserve between Thirsk and Woodend. Amongst the coast banks at Scalby. Seed-field at Thornbrough near Thirsk ; W. Foggitt, Bedale ; J. Wheldon. Villarsia nymphzoides Vent. Alien. Planted by Tees- dale in the lake at Castle Howard, where it still grows, In plenty in the brick-ponds on Hob moor; W. Whitwell. A native of the south-east of England. Menyanthes trifoliata L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-550. Frequent in ponds and swamps, especially amongst the hills, ascending to the plateau of Cronkley Fell. Polemonium ceruleum L. Alien. A common plant in Cottage gardens, and an occasional straggler from garden cultivation. | Cotherstone, Lartington, Marrick, Richmond, Howgrave, Arncliffe, etc. It is well established in tolerable plenty in the hedge which separates Pouter Carr from Baldersby Park. Indigenous in West Yorkshire amongst the limestone scars of Craven, and in the Westmorland portion of Teesdale. Collomia grandiflora Doug. Alien. A native of North America, of which about fifty specimens were seen by W. Foggitt and myself in 1852 in a field of barley near the Norby Sravel-pit, Thirsk. Mentioned by A. De Candolle as a species introduced into Germany. Convolvulus arvensis L. English type. Native. Area © 76 54 3.2 1, Range 0-200. Common in cornfields and upon hedgebanks in the low country, ascending Wensleydale to Carperby ; J. Percival. Convolvulus sepium L. English type. Native. Area §eneral. Range 0-300. Common in hedges and by the side of Streams in the low country, ascending Wensleydale to Hawes; JS. Percival. May 1892, 340 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Convolvulus Soldanella L. English type. Native. Maritime. Area 5. Range Coast-level, Amongst the coast sand-hills in front of the village of Coatham. Cuscuta europea L. English type. Colonist. Area 2. Range roo. Plentiful in a forage field between Thirsk and Kirkby Knowle, upon Vicia sativa, etc., 1861. It was first found there by W. Foggitt. Some of the plants were quite without scales in the throat of the calyx. This is the var. wefrens of Fries, which has been met with under similar circumstances in Scandinavia. The species is not usually a plant of cultivated land, and in this country commonly grows either upon Hop or Nettle. It is reported from Beningbrough and Malton, but perhaps Cuscuta Trifolii may be what is intended. Cuscuta Epithymum Murr. English type. Native. Areas. i. Range oroo. Upon furze and heath, rare.- In the Central Valley on Stockton Forest near Thorpe’s wood; Mora. In Cleveland near Teme bridge; W. Mudd! and by the foot road between Redcar and Kirkleatham; S. Haz/s/one. Cuscuta Trifolii Bab. English type. Colonist. Area 8.65.32. Range 0250. Not very unfrequent upon Clover. Hutton Rudby, 1853; Carthorpe, 1854; West fields, Thirsk, plentiful behind Norby, Gormire, Carlton Miniott, etc., 1858. Found by Foxton in 1852, upon the Hambleton plateau near Morton House. In clover near York; G. Webster. Amid* corn in fields near Walton, north of Thorp Arch; J. Abbott. Cuscuta Epilinum Weih. Alien. Found by Mr. Wheldon in 1860 in a flax field at the Castle hills near Northallerton. Hyoscyamus niger L. English type. Native. Area 8765.32. Range o-roo. Not unfrequent in waste ground in the low country, but without permanence in its stations. Solanum nigrum L. English type. Colonist. Area 8.6.21. Range o-100. An occasional weed of cultivated ground, Cattrick Bridge, Thirsk, Acomb, Stockton, etc. ne — s SOLANUM—VERBASCUM. 341 Solanum Dulcamara L. English type. Native. Area general. Range o-200. Frequent in hedgerows and damp places in the low country, ascending to the lower part of Bishopdale. Cultivated up to 350 yards. At Keld at that elevation it grows luxuriantly to a height of 8 or ro feet, and is trained round the porches of the houses. Solanum tuberosum L. Commonly cultivated up to 400 yards, and grown casually up to 1600 feet, Datura Stramonium L. Alien. Casually subspontaneous in waste ground. Richmond, 1835 ; James Ward. Lycium barbarum I. Frequently used for fences in the neighbourhood of the sea at Middlesbrough, Coatham, Marske, etc. Cultivated in gardens up to 350 yards. Atropa Belladonna L. English type. Native. Subxero- philous. Areag 876.432. Range o-250. In the western dales at Cotherstone and West Burton. About the Magnesian Limestone at Pierce Bridge, Snape and Gebdykes near Masham ; about the old quarries in Thorp Arch woods; Æ A. Lees. In the dales of the tabular calcareous range of the east it is a plant of the aboriginal woods in several places. In Yowlasdale it is abundant, and it occurs also in Duncombe woods, on the slope of Fadmoor near Kirkby-moorside, and near Scarborough at Barrowcliff. Elsewhere in the east near a limekiln at Upsal, in Cleveland in Marske mill wood, and in the Howardian tract at Airyholme. I have no hesitation in considering it a Native in at any rate the dale stations. Verbascum Thapsus L. English type. Native. Area general. Range 0-200. Frequent upon dry banks, ascending in Yowlasdale to Cadale Mill, and in Swaledale to Applegarth. Four other species of Verbascum have been met with, but apparently all of them only as stragglers from garden cultivation. V. nigrum was found by James Ward near Middleton Tyas, in the lane which leads to Croft; V. Zychnitis by J. Ward on rubbish by the Swale side at Brompton; V. virgatum I have Seen in a timber-yard at Thirsk, and it has been gathered also at May 1892. 342 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Richmond, Kirklington and Northallerton, and on an island in the river below Thorp Arch bridge, 1866, one large plant (WV. Whitwell) ; and V. Blattaria was found by Simpson near the Wensley suspension bridge, and is recorded by Archdeacon Peirson from a lane at Highthorn near Easingwold. Veronica arvensis L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-650. Common in cultivated fields and upon dry banks, ascending to the Main Limestone of Askrigg Moor and Widdale Fell. Usually, though not invariably, a plant of culti- vated fields, and perhaps carried by sheep to both the stations mentioned. ‘The higher localities of Arenaria serpyllifolia and some other species may not unlikely have originated in a similar manner. Amongst the higher hills the sheep often resort to the limestone banks for the sake of the grassy herbage which covers them. Veronica triphyllos L. Germanic type. Native. Area 6. Range o-50. Frequent in cultivated fields and on dry sandy banks in the sandy parteof the Ainsty: Hobmoor, Holgate, Acomb, Nether Poppleton, etc. Only known in Britain in two other limited tracts of sandy ground. Veronica serpyllifolia L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-800, Common in grassy places, ascending to the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Veronica scutellata L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-750. Frequent in damp places, ascending to the springs which issue from the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Veronica Anagallis IL. British type. Native. Area 98765.321. Rangeo-10oo. Frequent in watery places in the low country. Veronica Beccabunga L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-6oo. Common in watery places, ascending to the source of the Swale at Hollow Mill Cross, and the plateau of Cronkley Fell. VERONICA—BARTSIA. 343 Veronica officinalis L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-800. Frequent upon dry banks, especially amongst the hills, ascending to the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Veronica montana L. British type. Native Area general. Range 0-350. Frequent in the woods of the hilly tracts throughout the lower zone, ascending to Shaw Wood in Arkengarthdale. Apart from the hills it grows in Cotcliffe Wood, and in the Central Vale by the Tees side near Stapleton. Veronica Chamedrys L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-800. Common in grassy and shaded places, ascending to the Main Limestone of Cam Fell, Widdale Fell and Mickle Fell. Veronica hederifolia L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-300. Common in cultivated fields and upon dry banks throughout the lower zone. It is usually an agrestal species. Veronica agrestis L. British type. Colonist. Area general. Range o-250. Common in cultivated places, as- cending in Wensleydale to fields above Aysgarth. Veronica polita Fries. British type. Colonist. Area 876.321. Range.o-150. Cultivated fields, much less frequent than the preceding. ‘The var. grandiffora has been found by J. Wheldon near Northallerton. Veronica Buxbaumii Ten. English type. Colonist. Area8 76.4321. Rangeo-300. Not unfrequent in culti- vated fields. Whitcliffe, Richmond, Wath, Northallerton, Thirsk, Sandhutton, Knayton, Towthorpe, Haxby, Castle Howard, Malton, Scarborough, etc. I have gathered it at the foot of the great cliff at Whitstoncliff First found by OVA, Moore in 1841. Bartsia alpina L. Intermediate type. Native. Montane. Area 9: Range 300-600. In Teesdale upon the plateau of Cronkley Fell, and by the streamside at Upper Cronkley and Winch Bridge. May 1892. 344 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Bartsia Odontites Huds. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-300. Common in cultivated fields and about roadsides throughout the lower zone, ascending to Holwick, Bowes, Marske Moor and Widdale. Euphrasia officinalis L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-7oo. Common in grassy and heathery places, ascending to the Main Limestone of Cam Fell and Widdale Fell, and the peak of Lovely Seat. Our common form is authenti- cated by both Jordan and Boreau as their Æ. ericetorum. A plant which grows upon Stockton Forest and Wass Moor is Æ. rigidula Jordan and Boreau! Both these range under E. nemorosa Host, the genuine segregate officinalis apparently not_being a British plant at all. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-450. Common in grassy places, ascending to Upper Cronkley and Whitstondale scars. Rhinanthus major Angl. Intermediate type. Native. Areag 8.654321. Rangeo-200. Casually abundant in cornfields in the low country, and sometimes also in waste heathery places, but without permanence in its stations. Melampyrum pratense L., including M. montanum Johnst. British type. Native. Area general. Rangeo-800. Frequent upon heaths, and in heathery woods, ascending to the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Melampyrum sylvaticum L. Scottish type. Native. Montane. Areag. 7. Range 250-400. In Teesdale by the wooded streamside about Winch Bridge and below Holwick. In the Yore district at 400 yards on the S.W. side of Whitfield Gill, Askrigg; / A. Lees. Mill Gill; J. Wheldon. Pedicularis palustris L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-500. Frequent in swamps and watery places from the carrs and heaths of the low country upwards amongst the hills, ascending to the plateau of Holwick fell. PEDICULARIS—ANTIRRHINUM. 345 Pedicularis sylvatica L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-550. Frequent in damp grassy places and upon heaths, ascending to the bog at the source of the Swale at Hollow Mill Cross. — Scrophularia nodosa L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-500. Common in woods and by streamsides, ascending in Wensleydale to Fossdale Woods, and in Teesdale to White Force Scars. Scrophularia Ehrharti. Stev. English type. Native. Area 7. Range 200-250. In Wensleydale by the side of the road near the Woodhall toll bar, between Askrigg and Carperby. Scrophularia aquatica L. English type. Native. Area general. Range o-100. Common in watery places in the low country, ascending to Sutton-under-Whitstoncliff. Scrophularia vernalis L. English type. Denizen. Area 8.2. Range o-roo. Plentiful along a steep hedgebank which runs between Cowling Hall and the village of Burrell, and by the side of the road between Catterick Bridge and Scotch Corner. It has been met with also at Newburgh near Coxwold. At the Burrell station I have seen it, and though it is so near the village that the plant may well have been introduced, it is, at any rate, well-established. Digitalis purpurea L. British type. Native. Area 987.4321. Range o-6o0. Frequent upon sandy heaths and hedgebanks, especially amongst the hills, ascending to Cronkley and White Force Scars ; and to 600 yards in swallow holes of Ten end; /. Percival. Antirrhinum majus |. Alien. Occasionally subspon- taneous on old walls, etc. Richmond Castle, Jerveaux Abbey, Etc. Antirrhinum Orontium L. English type. Colonist. Area 3.: Range o-100. Rare as a weed of cultivated places. Helmsley ; Azuckes. Bulmer; /. Backhouse. Malton; J. B. Slater ! May 1892. 346 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Linaria Cymbalaria Mill. Alien. Not unfrequently subspontaneous on old walls. Reeth, Grinton, Richmond, Camphill, New Buildings, Coxwold, Stittenham, Whitby Abbey, etc. Linaria spuria Mill. English type. Colonist. Area 3. Range 0-100. Very rare as a weed of cultivated fields, and not seen recently. Barton-le-Street and Appleton-le-Street ; Archd. Peirson. Scarborough; Williamson, Perhaps would be better regarded as ‘ Incognit.’ Linaria Elatine Mill. English type. Colonist. Area 6.32. Range o-150. Like the preceding, a plant of culti- vated fields, and very rare. It has been gathered by O. A. Moore near Thorp Arch, and by Henry Ibbotson in one of the fields above Cawklees Bank near Nunnington ; and was reported also by the late J. Williamson from Scarborough. In a bean field by the footpath from Thirsk to Woodend, 1876-1887; M. Loggitt, Linaria repens Aiton. English type. Denizen. Area 4. Range 50. Gravelly ground near the river Esk at Ruswarp ; W. Mudd! Also an occasional weed of cultivated ground. Linaria vulgaris Mill. British type. Native. Area 98765.321. Range 0-200. Frequent upon dry banks and in cultivated fields in the low country, ascending in Wens- leydale to Carperby. The Peloria form has been found by James Ward near Richmond. Linaria minor Desf. English type. Colonist. Area 8765.321. Rangeo-200. Not unfrequent as a weed of cultivated ground in the low country. Thirsk, South Kilvington, Catton, Pilmoor, Ampleforth, Coxwold, Helmsley, Leyburn, Harmby, Fingall, Bedale, Kirklington, Melmerby, Hutton Conyers, Bilton, Picton, Langbargh, Lazenby, Northallerton, Rievaulx, Malton, Levisham, Hackness, Strensall, etc. Limosella aquatica L. Germanic type. Native. Areas. 3. Range 0-100. Watery places in the low country, rare. In the Central Valley on the banks of Bolton Beck near Catterick Bridge; MIMULUS—OROBANCHE. 347 James Ward. In the Vale of Pickering in wet places at Kirkby- Moorside and Normanby Bridge ; Archd. Peirson. Mimulus luteus Willd. Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. Rocks in the Hawes stream near the town; J. Wheldon! Kildale; W. Mudd! Strands pasture, Carperby; J. Percival, A native of North America. Orobanche major Angl.(= 0. Rapum Thuill.). English type. Native. Area 3.1. Range too. Parasitic upon the roots of furze, very rare. It has been gathered by M. B. Slater in the neighbourhood of Malton, and by A. R. Waller at Strensall. Orobanche elatior Sutt. Germanic type. Native. Area 3. Range roo. Parasitic on Centaurea Scabiosa, very rare. It was found by Mr. Hebblethwaite in 1855 on the Limestone between Hildenley and Easthorpe, and has been noticed by various other botanists in the same neighbourhood. Orobanche minor Sutt. Germanic type. Native. Area 87.2. Range o-100. Parasitic principally upon Clover, occasionally plentiful in clover-fields in the low country. Burniston, Howe-upon-Swale, Nunwick, Northallerton, Thirsk, Sowerby, etc. Orobanche ramosa L. Alien. Casually on hemp ona manure heap in a flax-field between Wighill and Healaugh, several plants, Aug. 1880; Æ A. Lees. Orobanche rubra Smith. Scottish type Native. Xero- philous. Area 7. Range 250-400. I saw this species in 1861 at Leyburn Shawl, where it had been met with previously by Messrs. Ward and Pulleine. It grows upon Thyme, upon the surface of this Main Limestone Scar, immediately beneath the débris of the flagstone quarries which yield Zvesdalia and Arenaria tenuifolia. On the Main Limestone Scars above Leyburn, Preston, and Carperby, up to 1,200 feet, first gathered by Jas. Ward, and lately, in fresh places, by J. Percival. May 1892. 348 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Lathræa squamaria L. English type. Native. Area 9876.4321. Range o-250, Parasitic principally upon the roots of the Hazel, frequent, especially in the deep loamy soil of the aboriginal woods of the calcareous dales. It ascends to the lower part of Balderdale, and to Raydale woods in Semer- dale, and to Mill Gill and Leyburn Shawl woods ; /. Percival. Verbena officinalis L. English type. Native Area 8.654321. Range o-r50. Frequent about roadsides and in waste ground in the low country. Salvia verbenaca L. Englishtype. Native. Xerophilous. Area 8765 43. Rangeo-150. In the west at Ellershaw near Wensley, and on the slope of the Richmond Castle Hill, about the Magnesian Limestone at Tanfield, and also near the Yore at Masham and Hutton Conyers. On the city walls at York. In Cleveland amongst the coast sand-hills at Coatham and Saltburn, and about the East Row lime-kilns near Sandsend. Amongst the eastern calcareous hills in several places; Oswaldkirk, Hovingham, Snainton, and upon the Castle Hill at Scarborough. Lycopus europzus L. British type. Native. Area 8.65.32. Rangeo-roo, Frequent in watery places in the low country. Mentha sylvestris L. English type. Native. Area 7.3.1. Range 0-200, Watery places, rare. In Wensleydale at West Burton, near the bridge called Eastholme ; James Ward. In the Central Valley at Stillington; Hora. At Wass, on the slope of the hill down as far as the high-road to Coxwold ; Æ. Lbbotson, M. rotundifolia is recorded by Robson from the coast sand-hills near Saltburn, and has been found by W. Foggitt in a culti- vated field near Thirsk, and by J. A. Wheldon at Great Smeaton by a road-side. It may bea true native. It is abun- dant and truly wild on the shores of Ullswater. Mentha viridis L. English type. Denizen. Area 987.321. Range o-300. - Commonly cultivated in gardens up to 350 yards, and not unfrequent in ditches and by the side of streams in the low country. Barnard Castle, Ravensworth, MENTHA—ORIGANUM. 349 Aysgarth, Wensley, Spennithorne, Nunwick, Mawnby, Sowerby, Woodend, Kilvington, Gayle Beck, Gate Helmsley, Strensall, Stockton Forest, Cotter Foss, Barton-le-Street, Pickering, Hack- mess, Cle. Mentha piperita L. English type. Native. Area 9 8 7 6.321. Range o-300. Frequent in watery places in the low country, ascending in Wensleydale to Carperby and Cotterdale, in Gretadale to Brignal. Mentha aquatica L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-500. Common in watery places, ascending in Teesdale to the plateau of Holwick Fell. Mentha sativa I.. including rubra and gentilis. British type. Native. Area general. Rangeo-250. Frequent in watery places, ascending to Lonton and the Yore side below Hawes. Mentha arvensis L. British type. Colonist. Area general. Range 0-300. Common in cultivated fields throughout the lower zone, ascending to the oat-fields of the Hambleton plateau, and in Wensleydale to Hawes; J. Percival. Mentha Pulegium L. English type. Native. Area 6.3.1. Range o-ro0. In several places in swamps amongst the heaths of the Central Vale and Howardian tract ; Monckton, Haxby, Stockton, Strensall, Flaxton, Terrington. Reported also from Moorsholm in Cleveland. Thymus Serpyllum L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-800. Common upon dry banks, especially amongst the hills, ascending to the Main Limestone of Cam Fell, Widdale Fell and Mickle Fell. Thymus Chamedrys Fries. inglish type. Native. Xerophilous, Area 3. Range 100-150. Upon the calcareous Howardian terrace in the quarry outside Kitscrew Wood near Hovingham. Origanum vulgare I. British type. Native. Subxer- ophilous. Area general. Range 0-450. Frequent in the woods and thickets of the limestone country upon both sides of the Central Valley, ascending to the Main Limestone Scars of May 1892. 359 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Harlen Fell. Upon the Gritstone in Deepdale. In the Central Valley in dry, sandy, or gravelly ground at Cleasby, Croft, Camp- hill, Burrell, Thirsk, by the Swale at Mawnby, by the Yore at Hutton Conyers, and at Strensall. In Cleveland upon the Lias at Runswick Bay, in Mulgrave woods, and below Kilton Castle. : £ Calamintha Acinos Clairv. British type. Native. Subxerophilous. Area8 76.32. Range o-250. About the Magnesian Limestone at Nosterfield and Thorp Arch. In the Central Valley in sandy ground at Kirklington, Thorpfield, Leckby and Carlton Miniott. In the Howardian tract frequent about Castle Howard. Amongst the eastern hills at Harriot Hare, near Rievaulx ; W. Foggitt, Calamintha Nepeta Clairv. English type. Native. Xerophilous. Area 7.3. Rangeo-roo. Reported by Teesdale from the neighbourhood of Malton, and by Simpson from the Magnesian Limestone at Tanfield. Calamintha officinalis Angl. Calamintha ascendens Jordan ! English type. Native. Xerophilous, Area 87.4321. Range o-200. In the west on the slopes of the Richmond Castle Hill and about the Magnesian Limestone at Tanfield. Amongst the eastern calcareous hills at Rievaulx, Oswaldkirk, Byland woods, Hovingham, and on the walls of Scarborough Castle; also at Brandsby and Sutton-under- Whitstoncliff. Robin Hood’s Bay; C. C. Babington. Cundall, near Thirsk; W. Loggttte. Calamintha Clinopodium Spenn. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-300. Frequent upon dry and shaded banks throughout the lower zone. Teucrium Scorodonia L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-500. Frequent in thickets and rocky places, especially amongst the hills, ascending to Cronkley Scars, and the Main Limestone cliffs of Booze Moor and Copperthwaite Moor. TEUCRIUM—LAMIUM. 351 Teucrium Scordium L. Germanictype. Native. Area 8. Range 50. Found by Mr. Ward along with Zrmosella upon the banks of Bolton Beck near its junction with the Swele. Ajuga reptans L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-500. Common in grassy places, both in the low country and amongst the hills, ascending to pastures above Raven’s Seat, and the Main Limestone Scars of Punchard’s Gill. Ballota nigra L. English type. Native. Area general. Range 0-150. Common upon hedge-banks in the low country, ascending to the walls of Richmond Castle. Leonurus Cardiaca L. Alien. Found by Brunton in a lane near Melmerby. Lamium Galeobdolon Crantz. English type. Native. Area 9.6543. Range 0-150. In the west in the woods of Eglestone Abbey and Thorp Arch. In the Ainsty in the lanes between Long Marston and both Tockwith and Askham Richard. In Cleveland in Cliff Rig and Whitby woods. On the slope of the calcareous hills in Sleightholme Dale, Kirkdale and near Pockley. ; Lamium album L. Britishtype. Native. Area general. Range 0-250. Common upon hedge-banks and in waste places in the low country, ascending in Wensleydale to Bainbridge. Lamium maculatum L. Alien. An occasional strageler from garden cultivation. Richmond, Kildale, Strensall, ete. Lamium amplexicaule L. British type. Colonist. Area8 765432. Rangéo-200. Not unfrequent in culti- vated fields in the low country. Lamium purpureum L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-300. -Common in cultivated fields and waste ground throughout the lower zone, ascending to the Richmond Race-course. Lamium incisum Willd. British type. Native. Area 8765.321. Rangeo-300. In similar situations, and with a similar vertical range to the preceding, but much less frequent. May 1892. 352 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Galeopsis Ladanum L. English type. Colonist. Area 98765432. Rangeo-250. Frequent in cultivated fields, ascending to the plateau of the Hambleton range near Scawton. Galeopsis Tetrahit L. including Galeopsis bifida Boen. British type. Colonist. Area general. Range o-400. Com- mon in cultivated fields and waste ground, ascending to Whitstondale Woods, and in Arkengarthdale to Shaw Wood. Galeopsis versicolor Curt. Scottish type. Colonist. Area8 765.321. Range o-200. Frequent in cultivated fields in the low country, ascending in Swaledale to Thorpe. Stachys Betonica Benth. English type. Native. Area general. Range 0-350. Frequent in grassy places throughout the lower zone, ascending in Arkengarthdale to Shaw Wood. Stachys palustris L. 3ritish type, Native, Area 98.654321. Range o-200. Frequent in cultivated fields and damp places in the low country. Stachys ambigua Sm. grows near a pond by the side of the high-road about a mile south of Pierce Bridge. Stachys sylvatica L. 3ritish type. Native. Area general. Range o-400. Common in shaded places, ascending to the woods of Gunnerside Gill and Fossdale. Stachys lanata L. Alien. A casual straggler from garden cultivation. Calvas Hall near Thirsk. This is the plant given in Suppl. Flo. Yorks. as Stachys germanica. It is a native of the South of Europe, which is often grown in gardens. Stachys arvensis L. British type. Colonist. Area 87654321. Rangeo-150. Frequent in cultivated fields in the low country. Glechoma hederacea L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-300. Common upon dry banks throughout the lower zone, ascending to Applegarth Scars and rocks at the foot of Whitstoncliff. Glechoma micranthum Boen. with pink flowers has been met with upon a hedge-bank at Carlton Miniott. NEPETA—MYOSOTIS. 353 Nepeta Cataria 1. English type. Native. Area 8.6.432. Range oroo. Not unfrequent upon hedge- banks in the low country. Marrubium vulgare L. English type. Native. Area 8.654321. Range o-roo. Not unfrequent upon hedge- banks and by road-sides in the low country. Brompton-on- Swale, Leeming, Cundall, Dishforth, Carlton Miniott, Acomb, Newton (Cleveland), Saltburn, ‘Thornton near Pickering, Strensall. Field near Leckby Carr, abundant ; W. Foggitt. Prunella vulgaris |. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-800. Common in grassy places, ascending to the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Scutellaria galericulata L. British type. Native. Area 98.654321. Rangeo-200. Frequent in watery places in the low country, ascending to Gormire and in Bilsdale to Chop Yate. Scutellaria minor L. English type. Native. Area 5.3.1. Range 0-150. About the Kildale fishponds ; W. Muda. Terrington Carr; Æ. Teesdale. Scarborough Mere; W. Bean. Amongst dead furze bushes by the road leading across Strensall Common to Flaxton; A. 2. Waller. Myosotis palustris With. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-200. Common in watery places in the low country, ascending to Gormire and the upper part of Newton- dale. Myosotis repens Don. British type. Native. Area 9876543. Range o-750. Frequent in watery places, principally amongst the western hills, ascending to the springs which issue from the Main Limestone of Mickle Fell. Myosotis czspitosa Schultz. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-550. Common in damp places, ascending to the source of the Swale at Hollow Mill Cross, and the tarn on the slope of Mickle Fell towards Lunedale. Myosotis alpestris Schmid. Highland type. Native. Montane. Areag. Range 750-800. On the slope of the Bol Trans, Y. N.U., Vol 3 X 354 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Main Limestone at the east end of the Mickle Fell ridge, where it was first found by the Backhouses in 1852. Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. English type. Native. Mon- tane. Area general. Range o-400. Common in the woods of the hilly tracts upon both sides of the Central valley, ascend- ing to the Main Limestone scars of West Stonesdale Moor. Myosotis arvensis Hoffm. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-500. Common in cultivated fields and upon hedge-banks, ascending to the Main Limestone scars of Harlen Fell and Punchard’s Gill, the Hind Rake lead mine and the tarn on the Lunedale slope of Mickle Fell. The variety Myosotis umbrata Boreau ! is frequent. Myosotis versicolor Lehm. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-300. Frequent upon dry banks throughout the lower zone, ascending to the flagstone quarries of Leyburn Moor. Myosotis collina Hoffm. British type. Native. Area 87654.21. Range o-200. In similar situations to the preceding, but not so frequent, ascending to Kepwick Nab. Lithospermum officinale L. British type. Native. Subxerophilous. Area 876.321. Range o-200. In the dales of the west in thickets at Whitley Mill, St. Trinian’s, Easby Abbey, Aysgarth Force, and about the Magnesian Limestone at Tanfield and Thorp Arch. In the Central Valley at Kirkling- ton, Carthorpe, Catton, and Strensall. | Amongst the limestone hills of the east in Yowlasdale, Flazendale, at Oswaldkirk Hag, Cawklees Wood, Hildenley, and Wath, and upon the arenaceous Howardian terrace in Oxcar’s Wood, and hedges at Welburn. Lithospermum arvense L. British type. Colonist. Area general. Range 0-300. Common in cultivated fields throughout the lower zone, ascending to the oat-fields of the Hambleton plateau over Hawnby. Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. Alien. Below Yore Mills, Aysgarth, 1884-5 ; Æ A. Lees! Native of California. SYMPHYTUM——UTRICULARIA. 355 Symphytum officinale L. English type. Native. Area 8.6.321. Range o-100. Waste places and stream-sides, not unfrequent in the low country; Richmond, ‘Topcliffe, Dalton, Thirsk, Acomb, York, Malton, etc. Borago officinalis I. Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. Richmond, Aisenby, Thirsk, York, Coatham, Whitby, Hovingham, Terrington, etc. Lycopsis arvensis I. British type. Colonist. Area 98.654321. Rangeo-150. Not unfrequent in cultivated fields in the sandy tracts of the low country. Anchusa sempervirens L. Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. Spennithorne, Carlton House near Thirsk, Strensall Common, etc. Cynoglossum officinale L. English type. Native. Area general. Range o-250. Frequent upon dry banks and by road-sides, ascending with 4żropa to the aboriginal woods of the upper part of Yowlasdale. Pulmonaria officinalis L. Alien. An occasional straggler from garden cultivation. Pierce Bridge, Tanfield, Cliton, ete; Echium vulgare L. British type. Native. Area 87654321. Range 0-250. Frequent upon walls and dry banks, ascending in Wensleydale to Leyburn, and in Swaledale to Applegarth Scars. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Scottish type. Native. Area 987.54321. Range o-6oo. Frequent in swamps in the hilly tracts, ascending to the plateaux of Pin Seat and Cronkley Fell. In the Central Valley in Ainderby Carr, Kirklington Carr, and amongst the heaths of the Foss district. Utricularia vulgaris L. British type. Native. Area 8765.3.1. Range otoo. Not unfrequent in ponds and slow streams in the low country. ‘Tanfield, Nosterfield, Snape, Kirkby Wiske, Poppleton, Askham Bogs, Hob Moor, South Stockton, Crambeck, Malton, Scarborough Mere, Strensall, etc. July 1892, BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. e Utricularia minor L. British type. Native. Area 8.7.3.1. Rangeo-450. Rareinswamps. Leckby Carr; Mora. Stockton Forest; O. 4. Moore. ‘Terrington Carr ; R. Teesdale. In Yore district in peat bogs S.W. of Addlebrough, 1,400 ft. ; J. Percival, Primula vulgaris Huds. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-550: Common in shaded and grassy places, ascending to the Main Limestone scars of Gunnerside Gill, the limestone plateau of Kisdon, and in Widdale almost to the 356 boundary of the upper zone. Primula veris L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-350. Common in grassy places throughout the lower zone, ascending to the Hambleton plateau near Whitstoncliff. The hybrid-Oxlip is not unfrequent in places where this and the preceding grow together, especially in the dales. I havea series of the same range of hybrids from both France and Switzerland, under the name of Primula variabilis Goupil, and of hybrids also with the true Primula elatior Jacq. Primula farinosa L. Intermediate type. Native. Mon- tae, Ard Oo 7. 5.2.2. kange OOoo, Erequen in swamps in the western dales, ascending to the plateau of Cronkley Fell. A stemless or nearly stemless variety has been met with on Hawkswell Moor near Bellerby, and near the station for Polygala austriaca in Teesdale. In the Central Valley and in the low country west of the eastern hills the species grows in several stations; Kirklington, Camphill, Newby Wiske, Dishforth, Woodend, Marderby, Stillington, and in Cleveland at Ingleby and Seamer. It is plentiful in Gurtof Gill near Boltby, and in a field just where Flazendale opens out into the main dale of Rye. Ballast hole near Thirsk Junction ; W. Foggitt. In this country, with the exception of two or three Lowland Scotch stations, it is confined to the English counties on the north of the Humber. With us it is often associated with Lycopodium selaginoides, Blysmus compressus and Parnassia palustris, TRIENTALIS—-ANAGALLIS. 357 Trientalis europæa L. Scottish type. Native. Mon- tane: Areag.7.543 2. Range 150-600. Not unfrequent in heathery places amongst the higher hills on both sides of the Central Valley. It ascends to Cronkley Fell and Holwick Fell, and descends into the fir woods of the upper part of several of the dales of the east. Widdale Carr Plantation; Z A. Lees. It grows also upon the tabular limestone range above Hackness, and in the Howardian tract in Hovingham woods. Hottonia palustris I. English type. Native. Area general. Range o-100. Frequent in ponds and ditches in the low country. Lysimachia vulgaris L. English type. Native. Area general. Range o-250. Frequent in watery places in the low country, ascending to Aysgarth Force and Semer water. Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Intermediate type. Native. Area 8. 2. Range o-150. Plentiful in a willowy carr about midway between Carlton Miniott and the Topcliffe railway station ; also in Leckby Carr in the great ditch, and a pond at the north-west edge of the swamp. It grows sparingly at the north-east corner of Gormire, and was found formerly where the York waterworks now are. Lysimachia Nummularia L. English type. Native. Area8.6.4321. Range o-ż00.: Not unfrequent in watery places in the low country. Bolton-on-Swale, Mawnby, Newby, Topceliffe, Hob Moor, Askham Bogs, Knayton, Baysdale, Sheriff Hutton, Hovingham, Slingsby, Scarborough, Strensall, etc. Lysimachia nemorum L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-600. Common in damp and shaded places, both in the low country and amongst the hills, ascending to the plateau of Holwick Fell, and the springs which issue from beneath the Main Limestone scars of the Buttertubs Pass. Anagallis arvensis L. British type. Colonist. Area 87654321. Range o-200. Common in cultivated fields and waste ground in the low country, ascending Wensleydale to Aysgarth and Swinethwaite; J. Percival, Anagallis carnea July 1892. 358 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. has been met with at Brompton-on-Swale and Bilton ; 4. cærulea at Holgate and Malton. Anagallis tenella L. British type. Native. Area 8.54321. Rangeo-250. Frequent in swamps throughout the lower zone, ascending to the foot of Rolston Scar. Centunculus minimus L. English type. Native. Area 3.1. Rangeo-roo. In a few places in damp ground upon Stockton Forest and Strensall Common. Samolus Valerandi L. English type. Native. Area 876543.1. Range o-100. Not unfrequent in watery places in the low country. Snape Mires, Marton-le-Moor, Acomb, Askham Bogs, Sandburn, Strensall Common, Kirkby Wiske Carr, South Stockton, Great Ayton, Wykeham Carr, and amongst the sea-banks at Marske and Scarborough. Glaux maritima L. British type. Native. Maritime. Area 5 4 3. Range Coast-Level. Plentiful in the salt-marshes at Middlesbrough and Coatham. Banks of the Esk at Whitby, and on the sands near Filey. Armeria maritima Angl. British type. Native. Sub-mari- time. Area 7.5 4. Range Coast-Level and 200-250. In Wens- leydale plentiful at the Woodhall lead mines, and on the banks of the stream down to the Yore. Along the coast-line in Middles- brough and Coatham marshes, and about the Esk at Whitby. Statice Limonium L. English type. Native. Maritime. Area s 4. Range Coast-Level. Along the coast-line in Middles- brough and Coatham marshes, and about the Esk at Whitby. Statice Bahusiensis Fries, English type. Native. Maritime. Area 5. Range Coast-Level. Amongst the Coatham salt marshes ; Z. Simpson! Plantago major L. British type. Native. Area general. Range 0-550. Common along road-sides and in grassy places, ascending in Swaledale to Hollow Mill Cross, and in Wensley- dale to the Main Limestone of Askrigg Moor. Plantago media L. English type. Native. Area general. Range 0-350. Frequent in grassy places throughout PLANTAGO— CHENOPODIUM. 359 the lower zone, ascending to Hambleton plateau over Boltby. Plantago lanceolata L. British type. Native. Area general. Range o-7oo. Common in grassy places and culti- vated fields, ascending in Teesdale to the slope of Mickle Fell towards the Cronkley plateau, in Swaledale to the peak of Booze Moor, in Wensleydale to the Main Limestone of Cam Fell. I have met with Plantago Timbali Jordan in cultivated fields at South Kilvington. | Plantago maritima L. British type. Native. Sub- maritime. Areag.7.5 43. Range Coast-Level and 300-600. In Teesdale upon the sugar-limestone of Cronkley Fell, and by the stream-side about the High Force and Winch Bridge. It has been noted in several places lower down, but probably the stations are not permanent. In Semerdale near Carr End. Along the coast-line from Middlesbrough to Filey it is perhaps the most plentiful of all our characteristically Maritime species, growing both upon the cliffs and in low marshy ground. Plantago Coronopus I. British type. Native. Sub- maritime. Area 543.1. Range o-200. Frequent in sandy ground along the coast from Middlesbrough to Scarborough. Inland it grows upon Coulton Moor, Strensall Common, and Yearsley Moor in dry sandy ground. Littorella lacustris L. British type. Native. Area 987.321. Range o-400. Not unfrequent in ponds in the sandy heathery tracts. Upper Cronkley, Locker Tarn, Carperby, Bellerby Moor, Hutton Moor, Suett Carr, Yearsley Moor, Gor- mire, Terrington Carr, Foss reservoirs, Stockton Forest, Strensall Common, Scarborough Mere, etc. Amaranthus Blitum L. Alien. Found by Mr. Hebble- thwaite in 1858, in waste ground at Camphill. Chenopodium olidum Curt. Germanic type. Colonist. Area 6.1. Range o-too. Rare in waste ground. At York about the foot of the city walls and in garden ground at Bootham. July 1892. 360 BAKER’S NORTH YORKSHIRE. Chenopodium polyspermum L. English type. Co- lonist. Area8.1. Rangeo-roo. Rare in waste ground. Beningborough ; J. Backhouse. Camphill; Hebblethwaite. Chenopodium urbicum L. Germanic type. Colonist. Area 8.65.1. Range oroo: Rare in waste ground. Camp- hill, Newby Wiske, South Otterington, York, Cargofleet, Redcar. Chenopodium rubrum L. English type. Native Area 98.65.32 1. Range o-150. Not unfrequent in waste ground in the low country. Apparently a true Native in the coast salt-marshes. The other species, C. Bonus-Henricus alone excepted, appear to range best amongst the Colonists. Chenopodium murale L. English type. Colonist. Area 6.1. Range o-100. Waste ground at York at the foot of the city walls, and elsewhere upon both sides of the Ouse. Bridge near Hob Moor, on manure; / A. Lees. Chenopodium album L. British type. Colonist. Area general. Range 0-300, Common in cultivated ground through- out the lower zone. C. faganum Reich. is frequent in rich soil. C. ficifolium as a plant of North Yorkshire is doubtful. Chenopodium Botrys L. Alien.