FLORA

OF

BRITISH INDIA.

Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume.

Part I. pp. 1-208, was published May 1872.
» IL. pp. 209-464 $ Jan. 1874.
> IlI. pp. 465 to end » Feb. 1815.

BY

J. D. HOOKER, C.B.
M.D., PRES. R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

VOL. I.

RANUNCULACE.E TO SAPINDACES.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA IN COUNCIL.

Mo. Bot. Garden,
1996.
LONDON:
L. REEVE & CO, 5 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1875.

THE `.

LONDON :
SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO. PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET,
COVENT GARDEN.

THE

FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.

BY

J. D. HOOKER, C.B.

M.D., F.R.S., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB.

RR ENS Sihua al

CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS.

PART I.
RANUNCULACE.E TO POLYGALE Z,

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INDIA IN COUNCIL.

LONDON :
L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1872.

`+

LONDON :
SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET,
COVENT GARDEN.

TO

HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLL, K.T., FRS,

SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA,

PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON;
&e. &c. &e.

My Lon» Dure,

The fact of this first part of the “Flora of British
India" appearing during your Grace's tenure of office, and under your
instructions, affords me the welcome opportunity of following a time-
honoured custom in dedicating that work to you. And I congratulate
myself on being so circumstanced, since I am thus enabled to express
my respect for your high scientific attainments and for those original
observations and writings which have appeared during the long period
that has elapsed since I first enjoyed the privilege of friendly inter-
course with your Grace, which long antedates your scientific career and
my official connexion with you.

I am,
Your Grace's faithful and obedient Servant,

Jos. D. HOOKER.

RovxAL Garpens, Kew,
March 15, 1872.

TACTA NR ae eee S UNS

PREFACE.

THE Flora of British India is intended to comprise within a moderate
compass brief descriptions, ordinal, generic and specific, of the Flower-
ing plants and Ferns hitherto found within the British territories in
India, together with those of Kashmir and Western Tibet; countries
which, though outside that territory, belong to botanical regions in-
cluded within it, which have been geographically and botanically
explored by officers employed almost exclusively in the Indian service,
and which are habitually visited by Indian tourists and travellers.
It was originally intended to have included the Floras of Affghanistan
and Beluchistan, as was done in the fragmentary ** Flora Indica," com-
menced in 1855 by Dr. T. Thomson and myself; but the plants of these
countries having been recently included in Boissier’s excellent ‘‘ Flora
Orientalis," and belonging to quite another botanical region (the Oc-
cidental Asiatic), this intention has been abandoned.

At the outset it must be stated, that in a work of this scope, neither
fulness nor completeness are attainable in the present state of science.
British Indian Botany is represented by some 12-14,000 species, and
by hundreds of thousands of specimens, collected over an area of one
and a half millions of square miles, in tropical, temperate, and frigid
climates, and at all elevations, from the sea-level to 19,000 ft. Of this
vast assemblage, not a twelfth part has hitherto been brought together
in any one general work on Indian plants. The descriptions of such
as are well described, are scattered through innumerable British and
foreign journals, or contained in Local Floras, or works on general
Botany ; a very large number are described so incompletely or inaccu-
rately, that they can only be recognized after an inspection of the ori-
ginal specimens; and very many are altogether undescribed. In short,
there is no quarter of the globe so rich in plants, and from which such
a mass of materials has been collected and deposited in European

vi PREFACE.

museums ; and yet of which so little of the Natural History, and espe-
cially the Botany, has been systematically brought together. Under
these circumstances an exhaustive Flora would be a work of many
years and many volumes; and it is as a hand-book to what is already

known, and a pioneer to more complete works, that the present is put

forward.

For an account of the materials upon which it is founded, the reader
is referred to the Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica alluded to
above, which contains a history of Indian Botany up to 1855, together
with an essay on the climates and physical features of India, and on its
divisions into Botanico-Geographical provinees. Since the date of its
publication, no great systematically arranged collections of Indian
plants, such as those of Wallich, Wight, Stocks, Strachey and Win-
terbottom, &c. &c., have been added to these; though many very
valuable local collections have been made; amongst which the Malac-
can Herbarium of the late Dr. Maingay, and the South Indian of
Major Beddome, present the most novelty and interest. Since that
period, too, the vast Herbaria of Griffith and Falconer have been
made over to Kew by the late East Indian Government, and though
in a ruinous condition from damp and vermin, have been arranged and
distributed; Wight’s invaluable original Herbarium has been added to
that of Kew, by private gift from that veteran botanist, and its dupli-
cates also distributed from this establishment; and Rottler’s own Her-
barium has been transferred from the Museum of King’s College,
London, and liberally presented to Kew by order of the Council of that
Institution. The value of these last two collections, as containing
the type specimens of plants described in so many old and modern
works, cannot be over-estimated.

The plan approved by his Grace the Secretary of State for India, for
bringing out this Flora, viz., of associating with myself a number of
competent botanists, whose names will appear in the headings of the
pages they (wholly or in part) shall contribute, will, it is hoped, enable
me to bring it out with reasonable celerity ; whilst the adoption of as
concise a style and phraseology* as is consistent with clearness, and the

* In these matters my Flora of the British Islands has been followed ; the style there
adopted having been suggested by the requirements of the Professors of Botany in the

Scotch Universities, and approved by them, seemed to me to be equally applicable to a
more extended.

PREFACE. vii

avoidance of repetition in the descriptions and remarks on each species,
vill enable me to compress the whole into a portable form.

With regard to citations of previous works, and references to authors,
these have been reduced to what appears to be most useful and desirable
for working and especially Indian botanists. As a rule, all Indian
Floras are quoted, as also the work wherein the species was first de-
scribed under the name it bears; the chief exceptions to the latter are
in cases where the author has redescribed the plant in a subsequent
better known general work, when the latter alone is cited.*

I have been compelled to confine the citations of numbered dis-
tributed collections to Wallich’s; to have introduced the numbers

of Wight’s, Jacquemont’s, Hohenacker's, Strachey and Winterbot-

tom’s, Griffith's, Falconer's, Helfer's, Maingay's, Thwaites's, Hooker
fil. and Thomson’s, and other collections that have been distri-
buted from Kew and elsewhere, would have added at least another
volume to the work, and would have prolonged indefinitely the time
and cost of its production. All such references, if not checked
in the proofs, as well as in the MS., are-sure to abound in errors; as
do indeed the collections themselves, requiring in such cases the
introduction of cross references, discussions and critical notes, essential
for the verification of specimens, but not necessarily of species. More-

_ * Thus De Candolle's fragmentary “ Systema" is not quoted for plants subsequently
included in his universally used ** Prodromus ;" nor Boissier’s inaccessible “ Diagnoses
Plantarum Orientalium" for those subsequently included in his great work, the “ Flora
Orientalis" The interposition of a semicolon between the author’s name and that of
the work cited, indicates that the plant was not first described in that work ; its absence
Indicates that it was.
ith regard to the vexed question, whether to attach to a species the name of the
author who first described it, or of him who first put it into the genus to which I think
that it belongs, I have adopted the latter alternative, chiefly on the principle that a right
Comprehension of genera is of higher importance than the power of describing a species.
e number of species described by authors who cannot determine their affinities, in-
creases annually, and I regard the naturalist who puts a described plant into its proper
Position in regard to its allies, as rendering a greater service to science than its de-
enber » When he either puts it into a wrong place, or throws it into any of those
“aot 1c heaps miscalled genera, with which systematic works still abound. I however
admit, that no laws or usages embrace all cases of disputed authority or priority,
and that the best hitherto proposed are open to great abuses ; but after many years’
experience I find that the plan which, in common with the majority of botanists, I have
ollowed, is open to the fewest objections, and does justice to the greatest and most de-

Serving number of naturalists.

viii PREFACE.

over, such references would not have proved of the smallest use to thè
Indian resident and traveller, for whom this work is specially in-
tended.

And here I must caution botanists against an over-reliance upon
the names attached to the Indian collections which have been distri-
buted from Kew, first by myself, and latterly by the keeper of the
herbarium, between 1855 and 1870. These collections originally com-
prised about half a million of specimens, which had been accumulating
for upwards of thirty years, principally in the India House (where a
great number were wholly destroyed by damp and vermin), at Kew,
and at the Linnean Society, and consisted chiefly of the collections of
Griffith, Faleoner, Helfer, Royle, G. Thomson, T. Thomson and myself,
Law, Stocks, Dalzell, and Gibson, together with the remainder of
Wallich's, and latterly Wight's. From these, after arrangement, up-
wards of 380,000 specimens were distributed in sets to public and
private museums in Europe, India, and America, every specimen bear-
ing a ticket with the name of the locality and collector, and that of the
plant, as far as it could be approximately determined. I have no reason
to suppose that these collections contain more errors in nomenclature
than do similar ones; but, as was explicitly stated when they were
sent out, such names are not to be regarded as authoritative.

The area over which each species is distributed, is indicated by dis-
tricts; these districts or geographical areas being botanical regions,
which coincide in the main so closely with the well recognized territo-
rial divisions of India, that a strict definition of them is unnecessary:
an account of their limits and physical features will be found in the
Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica, and its accompanying maps.

It has been a source of most sincere regret to me that a combination of
circumstances has prevented the continuation of the Indian Flora upon
the originally contemplated and more extended plan, under the joint

authorship of my old friend and fellow-traveller, Dr. Thomson, and |
myself. Other duties in our respective services necessitated its post- |

ponement for a very long period, until indeed it became obvious that

. years were not left to us, even could we have commanded sufficient |

leisure, to finish so laborious an undertaking.

i

—

OUTLINES OF BOTANY.

FROM MR. BENTHAM'S BRITISH AND COLONIAL FLORAS.

Cuar.I. DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.

1. The principal object of a Flora of a country is to afford the means of deter-
mining (i.e., ascertaining the name of) any plant growing in it, whether for the
purpose of ulterior study or of intellectual exercise. . . .

2. With this view, a Flora consists of descriptions of all the wild or native
plants contained in the country in question, so drawn up and arranged that the
student may identify with the corresponding description any individual specimen
Which he may gather.

3. These descriptions should be clear, concise, accurate, and characteristic, S0 as
that each one should be readily adapted to the plant it relates to, and to no other
one; they should be as nearly as possible arranged under natwral (184) divisions, so
as to facilitate the comparison of each plant with those nearest allied to it; and
they should be accompanied by an artificial key or index, by means of which the
student may be guided step by step in the observation of such peculiarities or
characters in his plant, as may lead him, with the least delay, to the individual
description belonging to it.

4. For descriptions to be clear and readily intelligible, they should be expressed
as mnch as possible in ordinary well-established language. But, for the purpose
of accuracy, it is necessary not only to give a more precise technical meaning to
many terms used more or less vaguely in common conversation, but also to intro-
duce purely technical names for such parts of plants or forms as are of little im-
portance except to the botanist. In the present chapter it is proposed to define
Such technical or technically limited terms as are made use of in these Floras.

5. At the same time mathematical accuracy must not be expected. The forms
and appearances assumed by plants and their parts are infinite. Names cannot

€ invented for all; those even that have been proposed are too numerous for
ordinary memories, Many are derived from supposed resemblances to well-known
orms or objects. These resemblances are differently appreciated by different
Persons, and the same term is not only differently applied by different botanists,
but it frequently happens that the same writer is led on different occasions to give
somewhat different meanings to the same word. The botanist’s endeavours should

Ways be, on the one hand, to make as near an approach to precision as circum.
stances will allow; and, on the other hand, to avoid that prolixity of detail and
iverloading with technical terms which tends rather to confusion than clearness.

n this he will be more or less successful. The aptness of a botanical description,
€ the beauty of a work of imagination, will always vary with the style an
genius of the author,

$ 1. The Plant in General.
6. The Plant, in its b i i bei hich has vegetable
: otanical sense, includes every being w Á
life, from the loftiest tree which adorns our landscapes, to the umblest moss which
grows on its stem, to the mould or fungus which attacks our provisions, or the
Sreen scum that floats on our ponds.

11 f OUTLINES OF

7. Every portion of a plant which has a distinct part or function to perform in
the operations or phenomena of vegetable life is called an Organ.

8. What constitutes vegetable life, and what are the functions of each organ,
belong to Vegetable Physiology ; the microscopical structure of the tissues composing
the organs, to Vegetable Anatomy ; the composition of the substances of which they
are formed, to Vegetable Chemistry ; under Descriptive and Systematic Botany we
have chiefly to consider the forms of organs, that is, their Morphology, in the
proper sense of the term, and their general structure so far as it affects classifica-
tion and specific resemblances and differences. The terms we shall now define
belong chiefly to the latter branch of Botany. as being that which is essential for the
investigation of the Flora of a country. We shall add, however, a short chapter
on Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology, as a general knowledge of both imparts an
additional interest to and facilitates the comparison of the characters and affinities
of the plants examined.

9. In the more perfect plants, their organs are comprised in the general terms
Root, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, and Fruit. Of these the three first, whose
function is to assist in the growth of the plant, are Organs of Vegetation ; the flower
and fruit, whose office is the formation of the seed, are the Organs of Reproduction.

10. All these organs exist, in one shape or another, at some period of the life of
most, if not all, flowering plants, technically called phenogamous or phanerogamous
plants: which all bear some kind of flower and fruit in the botanical sense of the
term. In the lower classes, the ferns, mosses, fungi, moulds or mildews, seaweeds,
etc., called by botanists cryptogamous plants, the flowers, the fruit, and not unfre-
quently one or more of the organs of vegetation, are either wanting, or replaced by
organs so different as to be hardly capable of bearing the same name.

11. The observations comprised in the following pages refer exclusively to the
flowering or phenogamous plants. The study of the eryptogamous classes bas
now become so complicated as to form almost a separate science. They are there-
fore not included in these introductory observations, nor, with the exception of
ferns and their allies, in the present Flora.

12. Plants are

Monocarpic, if they die after one flowering.season. These include Annuals,
which flower in the same year in which they are raised from seed ; and Biennials,
which only flower in the year following that in which they are sown.

Caulocarpie, if, after flowering, the whole or part of the plant lives through
the winter and produces fresh flowers another season. These include Herbaceous
perennials, in which the greater part of the plant dies after flowering, leaving only
a small perennial portion called the Stock or Caudex, close to or within the earth ;
Undershrubs, suffruticose or suffrutescent plants, in which the flowering branches,
forming a considerable portion of the plant, die down after flowering, but leave a
more or less prominent perennial and woody base; Shrubs (frutescent or fruticose
plants), in which the perennial woody part forms the greater part of the plant, but
branches near the base, and does not much exceed a man's height; and Trees (ara
boreous or arborescent plants) when the height is greater and forms a woody trunk,
scarcely branching from the base. Bushes are low, much branched shrubs.

13. The terms Monocarpic and Caulocarpic are but little used, but the other dis-
tinctions enumerated above are universally attended to, although more useful to
the gardener than to the botanist, who cannot always assign to them any precise
character. Monocarpic plants, which require more than two or three years to pro-
duce their flowers, will often, under certain circumstances, become herbaceous
perennials, and are generally confounded with them. Truly perennial herbs will
often commence flowering the first year, and have then all the appearance of
annuals. Many tall shrubs and trees lose annually their flowering branches like
undershrubs, And the same botanical species may be an annual or a perennial, à
herbaceous perennial or an undershrub, an undershrub or a shrub, a shrub or a tree,
according to climate, treatment, or variety.

14. Plants are usually terrestrial, that is, growing on earth, or aquatic, i.e., grow-
ing in water; but sometimes they may be found attached by their roots to other
plants, in which case they are epiphytes when simply growing upon other plants

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. ii

without penetrating into their tissue, parasites when their roots penetrate into and
derive more or less nutriment from the plant to which they are attached.

15. The simplest form of the perfect plant, the annual, consists of—

(1) The Root, or descending axis, which grows downwards from the stem,
divides and spreads in the earth or water, and absorbs food for the plant through
the extremities of its branches.

(2) The Stem, or ascending axis, which grows upwards from the root, branches
and bears first one or more leaves in succession, then one or more flowers, and finally
one or more fruits. It contains the tissues or other channels (217) by which the
nutriment absorbed by the roots is conveyed in the form of sap (192) to the leaves
or other points of the surface of the plant, to be elaborated or digested (218), and
afterwards redistributed over different parts of the plant for its support and growth.

(3) The Leaves, usually flat, green, and horizontal, are variously arranged on
the stem and its branches. They elaborate or digest (218) the nutriment brought to '
them through the stem, absorb carbonic acid gas from the air, exhaling the super-
fluous oxygen, and returning the assimilated sap to the stem.

(4) The Flowers, usually placed at or towards the extremities of the branches.
They are destined to form the future seed. When perfect and complete they con-
sist: Ist, of a pistil in the centre, consisting of one or more carpels, each containing
the germ of one or more seeds; 2nd, of one or more stamens outside the pistil, whose
action is necessary to fertilize the pistil or enable it to ripen its seed ; 3rd, of a
perianth or floral ‘envelope, which usually encloses the stamens and pistil when
young, and expands and exposes them to view when fully formed. This complete
perianth is double : the outer one, called Ca/yz, is usually more green and leaf-like ;
the inner one, called the Corolla, more conspicuous, and variously coloured. It is
the perianth, and especially the corolla, as the most showy part, that is generally
called the flower in popular language. . .

(5) The Fruit, consisting of the pistil or its lower portion, which persists or
remains attached to the plant after the remainder of the flower has withered and

llen off. 1t enlarges and alters more or less in shape or consistence, becomes a
seed-vessel, enclosing the seed until it is ripe, when it either opens to discharge the
seed or falls to the ground with the seed. In popular language the term fruit 18
"> n limited to such seed-vessels as are or look juicy and eatable. “Botanists give

at name to all seed-vessels. .

16. The herbaceous perennial resembles the annual during the first year of its
growth; but it also forms (usually towards the close of the season), on its stock (the
portion of the stem and root which does not die), one or more buds, either exposed,
"€ then popularly called eyes, or concealed among leaves. These buds, called /eaf-

8, to distinguish them from flower-buds or unopened flowers, are future branches
3$ yet undeveloped ; they remain dormant through the winter, and the following
Spring grow out into new stems bearing leaves and flowers like those of the pre-
veding year, whilst the lower part of the stock emits fresh roots to replace those
which had perished at the same time as the stems. . .

17. Shrubs and trees form similar leaf-buds either at the extremity of their

ranches, or along the branches of the year. In the latter case these buds are
taually axillary, that is, they appear in the axil of each leaf, i.e., in the angle
armed by the leaf and the branch. When they appear at any other part of the plant,

»4 are called adventitious. If these buds by producing roots (19) become distinc’
Plants before separating from the parent, or if adventitious leaf buds are produce
în the place of flowers or seeds, the plant is said to be viviparous or proliferous.

$2. The Root.

18. Roots ordinaril . A
y produce neither buds, leaves, nor
called fibres when slender and long, proceed irregularly from

owers. Their branches,
any part of their surface.
9. Although roots proceed usually from the base of the stem or stoc

k, they may

be produced from the base of any bud, especially if the bud lie along t^e

IT. or is otherwise placed. by nature or art in ciroumstances favourable for

eir development, or indeed occasionally from almost any part of the plant. They
62

iv OUTLINES OF

are then often distinguished as adventitious, and this term is by some applied to all
roots which are not 1n prolongation of the original radicle.

20. Roots are

fibrous, when they consist chiefly of slender fibres.

tuberous, when either the main root or its branches are thickened into one or
more short fleshy or woody masses called tubers (25). .

taproots, when the main root descends perpendicularly into the earth, emitting
only very small fibrous branches.

21. The stock of a herbaceous perennial, or the lower part of the stem of an
annual or perennial, or the lowest branches of a plant, are sometimes underground
and assume the appearance of a root. They then take the name of rhizome. The
rhizome may always be distinguished from the true root by the presence or pro-
duction of one or more buds, or leaves, or scales.

8 3. The Stock.

22. The Stock of a herbaceous perennial, in its most complete state, includes a
small portion of the summits of the previous year's roots, as well as of the base of
the previous year's stems. . Such stocks will increase yearly, so as at length to form
dense tufts. They will often preserve through the winter a few leaves, amongst
which are placed the buds which grow out into stems the following year, whilst the
under side of the stock emits new roots from or amongst the remains of the old ones.
These perennial stocks only differ from the permanent base of an undershrub in the
shortness of the perennial part of the stems and in the texture usually less woody.

23. In some perennials, however, the stock consists merely of a branch, which
proceeds in autumn from the base of the stem either aboveground or underground,
and produces one or more buds. This branch, or a portion of it, alone survives the
winter. In the following year its buds produce the new stem and roots, whilst the
rest of the plant, even the branch on which these buds were formed, has died away.
These annual stocks, called sometimes hybernacula, offsets, or stolons, keep up the
communication between the annual stem and root of one year and those of the
following year, thus forming altogether a perennial plant.

24. The stock, whether annual or perennial, is often entirely underground or root-
like. This is the rootstock, to which some botanists limit the meaning of the term
rhizome. When the stock is entirely root-like, it is popularly called the crown of

e root.

25. The term tuber is applied to a short, thick, more or less succulent rootstock

. or rhizome, as well as to a root of that shape (20), although some botanists propose
to restrict its meaning to the one or to the other. An Orchis tuber, called by some
a knob, is an annual tuberous rootstock with one bud at the top. A potato is an
annual tuberous rootstock with several buds.

26. A bulb is a stock of a shape approaching to globular, usually rather conical
above and flattened underneath, in which the bud or buds are concealed, or nearly
so, under scales. These scales are the more or less thickened bases of the decayed
leaves of the preceding year, or of the undeveloped leaves of the future vear, or of
both. Bulbs are annual or perennial, usually underground or close to the ground,
but occasionally buds in the axils of the upper leaves become transformed into
bulbs. Bulbs are said to be scu/y when their scales are thick and loosely imbricated,
tunicated when the scales are thinner, broader, and closely rolled round each other
in concentric layers.

27. A corm is a tuberous rootstock, usually annual, shaped like a bulb, but in
which the bud or buds are not covered by scales, or of which the scales are very
thin aud membranous.

$ 4. The Stem.
28. Stems are
erect, when they ascend perpendicularly from the root or stock ; twiggy or vir-
gate, when at the same time they are slender, stiff, and scarcely branched.
sarmentose, when the branches of a woody stem are long and weak, although
scarcely climbing.

ELEMENTARX BOTANY. v

decumbent or ascending, when they spread horizontally, or nearly so, at the base,
and then turn upwards and become erect. |
procumbent, when they spread alone the ground the whole or the greater portion
of their length ; diffuse, when at the same time very much and ratherloosely branched.
prostrate, when they lie still closer to the ground.
ereeping, when they emit roots at their nodes. This term is also frequently
applied to any rhizomes or roots which spread horizontally.
oon or cespitose, when very short, close, and many together from the same
8 "

29. Weak climbing stems are said to twine, when they support themselves by
winding spirally round any object; such stems are also called voluble. When they
simply climb without twining, they support themselves by their leaves, or by spe-
cial clasping organs called tendrils (169), or sometimes, like the Ivy, by small root-
like excrescences.

30. Suckers are young plants formed at the end of creeping, underground root-
stocks. Scions, runners, and stolons, or stoles, are names given to young plants formed
at the end or at the nodes (31) of branches or stocks creeping wholly or partially

‘aboveground, or sometimes to the creeping stocks themselves.

31. A node is a point of the stem or its branches at which one or more leaves,
branches, or leaf-buds (16) are given off. An internode is the portion of the stem
comprised between two nodes.

32. Branches or leaves are

opposite, when two proceed from the same node on opposite sides of the stem.

whorled or verticillate (in a whorl or verticel), when several proceed from the
same node, arranged regularly round the stem ; geminate, ternate, fascicled, or fasci-
culate when two, three, or more proceed from the same node on the same side of
the stem. A tuft of fasciculate leaves is usually in fact a leafy branch, so short
that the leaves appear to proceed all from the same point. .

alternate, when one only proceeds from each node, one on one side and the next
above or below, though usually not in the same vertical line. .

decussate, when opposite, but each pair placed at right-angles to the next pair
above or below it ; distichous, when regularly arranged one above another in two op-
posite rows, one on each side of the stem ; tristichous, when in three rows, etc. (92).

scattered, when irregularly arranged round the stem; frequently, however,

otanists apply the term alternate to all branches or leaves that are neither oppo-

site nor whorled.

secund, when all start from or are turned to one side of the stem.

33. Branches are dichotomous, when several times forked, the two branches of
each fork bein nearly equal; trichotomous, when there are three nearly equal
branches at each division instead of two ; but when the middle branch is evidently

€ principal one, the stem is usually said to have two opposite branches ; umbellate,
when divided in the same manner into several nearly equal branches proceeding

m the same point. If however the central branch is larger than the two or more

teral ones, the stem is said to have opposite or whorled branches, as the case may be.
i A culm is a name sometimes given to the stem of Grasses, Sedges, and some

er Monocotyledonous plants.

$5. The Leaves.

35. The ordinary or nsists of a flat blade or lamina, usually green,
ned More or less Pariya attached to the stem by a stalk called a footstal, or
deu. When the form or dimensions of a leaf are spoken of, it is generally e

36 T is meant, without the petiole or stalk. ther ‘organ, is
attach d e end by which a leaf, a part of the flower, a seed, or any o e din
or a un: to the stem or other organ, is called its base, the opposite en

37 Le t, excepting sometimes in the case of anther-cells (115).

° es are . , .
sessile, when the blade rests on the stem without the intervention of a petiole.
horizontally or stem-clasping, when the sessile base of the blade clasps the stem

vi OUTLINES OF

perfoliate, when the base of the blade not only clasps the stem, but closes round
it on the opposite side, so that the stem appears to pierce through the blade.

decurrent, when the edges of the leaf are continued down the stem so as to form
raised lines or narrow appendages, called wings. .

sheathing, when the base of the blade, or of the more or less expanded petiole,
forms a vertical sheath round the stem for some distance above the node.

38. Leaves and flowers are called radical, when inserted on a rhizome or stock,
or so close to the base of the stem as to appear to proceed from the root, rhizome,
or stock ; cauline, when inserted on a distinct stem. Radical leaves are rosulate
when they spread in a circle on the ground.

39. Leaves are . .

simple and entire, when the blade consists of a single piece, with. ihe margin
nowhere indented, simple being used in opposition to compound, entire in opposition
to dentate, lobed, or divided.

ciliate, when bordered with thick hairs or fine hair-like teeth.

dentate or toothed, when the margin is only cut a little way in, into what have
been compared to teeth. Such leaves are serrate, when the teeth are regular and
pointed like the teeth of a saw ; crenate, when regular and blunt or rounded (com-
pared to the battlements of a tower) ; serrulate, and crenulate, when the serratures
or crenatures are small; sinuate, when the teeth are broad, not deep, and irregular
(compared to bays of the coast); wavy or undulate, when the edges are not flat,
but bent up and down (compared to the waves of the sea). _ ..

lobed or cleft, when more deeply indented or divided, but so that the incisions
do not reach the midrib or petiole. The portions thus divided take the name of
lobes. When the lobes are narrow and very irregular, the leaves are said to be lact-
niate, The spaces between the teeth or lobes are called sinuses.

divided or dissected, when the incisions reach the midrib or petiole, but the
parts so divided off, called segments, do not separate from the petiole, even when
the leaf falls, without tearing.

compound, when divided to the midrib or petiole, and the parts so divided off,
called leaflets, separate, at least at the fall of the leaf, from the petiole, as the whole
leaf does from the stem, without tearing.. The common stalk upon which the leaf- .
lets are inserted is called the common petiole or the rhachis; the separate stalk of
each leaflet is a petiolule.

40. Leaves are more or less marked by veins, which, starting from the stalk,
diverge or branch as the blade widens, and spread all over it more or less visibly.
The principal ones, when prominent, are often called ribs or nerves, the smaller
branches only then retaining the name of veins, or the latter are termed veinlets.
The smaller veins are often connected together like the meshes of a net, they are
then said to anastomose, and the leaf is said to be reticulate or net-veined. When one
principal vein runs direct from the stalk towards the summit of the leaf, it is called
the midrib. When several start from the stalk, diverge slightly without branching,
and converge again towards the summit, they are said to be parallel, although not
mathematically so. When 3 or 5 or more ribs or nerves diverge from the base, the
leaf is said to be 3-nerved, 5-nerved, etc., but if the lateral ones diverge from the
midrib a little above the base, the leaf is, triplinerved, quintuplinerved, etc. The
arrangement of the veins of a leaf is called their venation.

4l. The Leaflets, Segments, Lobes, or Veins of leaves are

pinnate (feathered), when there are several succeeding each other on each side
of the midrib or petiole, compared to the branches of a feather. A pinnately lobed
or divided leaf is called /yrate when the terminal lobe or segment is much larger
and broader than the lateral ones, compared, by a stretch of imagination, to a lyre ;
runcinate, when the lateral lobes are curved backwards towards the base of the leaf ;
peetinate, when the lateral lobes are numerous, narrow, and regular, like the teeth
of a comb.

palmate or digitate, when several diverge from the same point, compared to the
fingérs of the hand.

_ ternate, when three only start from the same point, in which case the distinc-
tion between the palmate and pinnate arrangement often ceases, or can only be

ELEMENTARY ROTANY. vii

determined by analogy with allied plants. A leaf with ternate lobes is called trifid.
A leaf with three leaflets is sometimes improperly called a ternate leaf: it is the
leaflets that are ternate ; the whole leaf is trifoliolate. Ternate leaves are leaves
growing three together. I

pedate, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are
forked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the branches
are near together at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird.

42. Leaves with pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaflets, are usually for shortness
called pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaves. If they are so cut into segments only,
they are usually said to be pinnatisect, palmatisect, pedatisect, etc., although the dis-
tinction between segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot
indeed always be ascertained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said
to be pinnatifid, palmatifid, pedatifid, ete. _

43. The teeth, lobes, segments, or leaflets may be again toothed, lobed, divided,
or compounded, Some leaves are even three or more times divided or compounded.
In the latter case they are termed decompound. When twice or thrice pinnate
Vipinnate or tripinnate), each primary or secondary division, with the leaflets it
comprises, is called a pinna. When the pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are
ud pak Without an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is
Said to be abruptly pinnate ; if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or
pinna is unequally pinnate (émparipinnatum). . .

The number of leaves or their parts 1s expressed adjectively by the following
numerals, derived from the Latin :—
d th b auris, quisque, ens septem, re nega deo mai>
prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. Thus—
eve bidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many-
ed, ete.
bifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, etc.
l T inate, bifoliolate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many
S, etc.
va Voliate, bifoliate, multifolia'e, mean having one leaf, two leaves, many
S, etc.
biternate and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. .
Uniyjugate, bijugate, multijugate, etc., pinne or leaflets, mean that they are in
one, two, many, etc., pairs (juga). .
. Leaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in plants, are l
linear, when ]ong and narrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely
compared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always a perceptible breadth.
anceolate, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest below
€ middle, and taperin towards the summit, compared to the head of a lance.
cuneate, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, eom.
à wedge with the point downwards ; when very broadly cuneate an
rounded at the top, it is often called flabelliform or fan-shaped. .
$pathulate, when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow tapering
ng, compared to a spathula or flat ladle.

. , ovate, when scarcely twice as long as broad, and rather broader below the
with 5» Compared to the longitudinal section of an egg ; obovate is the same form,
with the broadest part above the middle.

deltoid, triangular, in the form of the Greek letter A. d.

orbicular, oblong, elliptical, rhomboidal, etc., when compared to the correspon
ing mathematical figures. `

transversely oblong, or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long.

cate, when curved like the blade of a scythe. ed by com-
bini. Intermediate forms between any two of the above are express i y ren
ben’ two terms, Thus, a dinear-lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, y arrow
e ow the middle, and tapering to a point; a linear-oblong one 1s scarcely ot
nough to be called linear, yet too narrow to be strictly oblong, and does not con-

"Pieuously taper either towards the summit or towards the. base.

viii OUTLINES OF

47. The apex or summit of a leaf is .

acute or pointed, when it forms an acute angle or tapers to a point. .

obtuse or blunt, when it forms a very obtuse angle, or more generally when it
is more or less rounded at the top.

acuminate or cuspidate, when suddenly narrowed at the top, and then more or
less prolonged into an acumen or point, which may be acute or obtuse, linear or
tapering. Some botanists make a slight difference between the acuminate and
cuspidate apex, the acumen being more distinct from the rest of the leaf in the latter
case than in the former ; but in general the two terms are used in the same sense,
some preferring the one and some the other.

truncate, when the end is cut off square. :

retuse, when very obtuse or truncate, and slightly indented. .

emarginate or notched, when more decidedly indented at the end of the mid-
rib ; obcordate, if at the same time approaching the shape of a heart with its point
downwards.
mucronate, when the midrib is produced beyond the apex in the form of a small
int.
P aristate, when the point is fine like a hair.

48. The base of the leaf is liable to the same variations of form as the apex, but
the terms more commonly used are tapering or narrowed for acute and acuminate,
rounded for obtuse, and cordate for emarginate. In all cases the petiole or point of
attachment prevent any such absolute termination at the base as at the apex.

49. A lea may be cordate at the base whatever be its length or breadth, or what-
ever the shape of the two lateral lobes, called aüricles (or little ears), formed by the
indenture or notch, but the term cordiform or heart-shaped leaf is restricted to an
ovate and acute leaf, cordate at the base, with rounded auricles. The word auricles
is more particularly used as applied to sessile and stem-clasping leaves. .

50. If the auricles are pointed, the leaf is more particularly called awriculate ; it
is moreover said to be sagittate, when the points are directed downwards, compared
to an arrow-head ; hastate, when the points diverge horizontally, compared to à
halbert.

51. A reniform leaf is broader than long, slightly but broadly cordate at the base,
with rounded auricles, compared to a kidney.

52. In a peltate leaf, the stalk, instead of proceeding from the lower edge of the
blade, is attached to the under surface, usually near the lower edge, but sometimes
in the very centre of the blade. The peltate leaf has usually several principal
nerves radiating from the point of attachment, being, in fact, a cordate leaf, with
the auricles united.

53. All these modifications of division and form in the leaf pass so gradually
one into the other that it is often difficult to say which term is the most applicable
—whether the leaf be toothed or lobed, divided or compound, oblong or lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, etc. The choice of the most apt expression will depend on the
skill of the describer.

54. Leaves, when solid, Stems, Fruits, Tubers, and other parts of plants,
when not flattened like ordinary leaves, are

setaceous or capillary, when very slender like bristles or hairs.

acicular, when very slender, but stiff and pointed like needles.

subulate, when rather thicker and firmer like awls.

linear, when at least four times as long as thick; oblong, when from about two
to about four times as long as thick, the terms having the same sense as when ap-
plied to flat surfaces,

ovoid, when egg-shaped, with the broad end downwards, obovoid if the broad end

is upwards ; these terms corresponding to ovate and obovate shapes in flat surfaces.

globular or spherical, when corresponding to orbicular in a flat surface. Round
applies to both. i

turbinate, when shaped like a top.

conical, when tapering upwards ; obconical, when tapering downwards, if in both
cases a transverse section shows a circle.
... Pyramidal, when tapering upwards; obpyramidal, when tapering downwards,
if in both cases a transverse section shows a triangle or polygon.

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. 1x

fusiform, or spindle-shaped, when tapering at both ends ; cylindrical when not
tapering at either end, if in both cases the transverse section shows a circle, or
Sometimes irrespective of the transverse shape.
terete, when the transverse section is not angular; trigonous, triquetrous, if the
Sverse section shows a triangle, irrespective in both cases of longitudinal form.
compressed, when more or less flattened laterally ; depressed, when more or less
ttened vertically, or at any rate at the top ; obcompressed (in the achenes of Com-
poste), when flattened from front to back.
articulate or jointed, if at any period of their growth (usually when fully formed
and approaching their decay, or in the case of fruits when quite ripe) they separate,
Without tearing, into two or more pieces placed end to end. The joints where they
Separate are called articulations, each separate piece an article. The name of joint
15, In common language, given both to the articulation and the article, but more
especially to the former. Some modern botanists, however, propose to restrict it
the article, giving the name of joining to the articulation.
didymous, when slightly two-lobed, with rounded obtuse lobes.
d moniliform, torulose, or beaded, when much contracted at regular intervals, but
Separating spontaneously into articles.
In their consistence Leaves or other organs are .
late, when thick and soft; succulent is generally used in the same sense, but
Implies the presence of more juice.
coraceous, when firm and dry, or very tough, of the consistence of leather.
cmustaceous, when firm and brittle.
chartaceous, or papyraceous, when of the consistence of paper.
ruri: when thin and not stiff. & and mot gree
yet rather stiff. scariose, when very thin, more or less transparent and not green,
a^ The terms applied botanically to the consistence of solids are those in general
71 common language.
their e mode in which unexpanded leaves are disposed in the leaf-bud is called
i vernation or præfoliation ; it varies considerably, and technical terms have
noti proposed to express some of its varieties, but it has been hitherto rarely
ced in descriptive botany.

§ 6. Scales, Bracts, and Stipules.

Pa Scales (Squamae) are leaves very much reduced in size, usually sessile, seldom
2 ü or capable of performing the respiratory functions of leaves. In other words,
eo ee organs resembling leaves in their position on the plant, but differing in size,
plants texture, and functions. They are most frequent on the stock of perennial
en the at the base of annual branches, especially on the buds of future shoots,
Winter 3 Serve apparently to protect the dormant living germ from the rigour of
Or less 7 In the latter case they are usually short, broad, close together, and more
"n imbricated, that is, overlapping each other like the tiles of a roof. It is this
rowed Ron’ as well as their usual shape that has suggested the name of scales, bor-
warp Tom the scales of a fish, Imbricated scales, bracts, or leaves, are said to be
«5 When their tips are pointed and very spreading or recurved.
Scales, ; metimes, however, most or all the leaves of the plant are reduced to small
» In Which case they do not appear to perform any particular function. The
Organ » nies is also given to any small broad scale-like appendages or reduced
S, whether in the flower or any other part of the plant. . ;
the flo Facts (Bractew) are the upper leaves of a plant in flower (either all those o
erent poring branches, or only one or two immediately under the flower), when dif-
rally m om the stem-leaves in size, shape, colour, or arrangement. They are gene-
althon xt Smaller and more sessile, They often partake of the colour of the flower,
gh they very frequently also retain the green colour of the leaves. When
8l ey are often called scales.
at the Sag leaves or leafy bracts are generally the lower bracts or the upper leaves
between th, of the flowering branches, intermediate in size, shape, or arrangement,
© stem-leaves and the upper bracts. : .

X OUTLINES OF

62. Bracteoles are the one or two last bracts under each flower, when they differ
materially in size, shape, or arrangement from the other bracts.

63. Stipules are leaf like or scale-like appendages at the base of the leaf-stalk, he
: onthe node of the stem. When present there are generally two, one on each side of the
leaf, and they sometimes appear to protect the young leaf before it is developed.
They are however exceedingly variable in size and appearance, sometimes exactly li i
the true leaves except that they have no buds in their axils, or looking like the leni `
lets of a compound leaf, sometimes apparently the only leaves of the plant; generally
small and narrow, sometimes reduced to minute scales, s ots, or scars, sometimes
united into one opposite the leaf, or more or less united with, or adnate to the
petiole, or quite detached from the leaf, and forming a ring or sheath round the
stem in the axil of the leaf. In a great number of plants they are entirely wanting.

64. Stipelle, or secondary stipules, are similar organs, sometimes found on com-
pound leaves at the points where the leaflets are inserted. .

65. When scales, bracts, or stipules, or almost any part of the plant besides
leaves and flowers are stalked, they are said to be stipitate, from stipes, a stalk.

§ 7. Inflorescence and its Bracts.

66. The Inflorescence of a plant is the arrangement of the flowering branches,
and of the flowers upon them. An Inflorescence, is a flowering branch, or the flowering
summit of a plant above the last stem-leaves with its branches, bracts, and flowers.

67. A single flower, or an inflorescence, is terminal when at the summit of a stem
or leafy branch, axillary when in the axil of a stem-leaf, leaf-opposed when opposite
to a stem-leaf. The inflorescence of a plant is said to be terminal or determinate
when the main stem and principal branches end in a flower or inflorescence (not
in a leaf-bud), axillary or indeterminate when all the flowers or inflorescences are
axillary, the stem or branches ending in leaf-buds. .

68. A Peduncle is the stalk of a solitary flower, or of an inflorescence ; that is to
say, the portion of the flowering branch from the last stem-leaf to the flower, or to
the first ramification of the inflorescence,or even up to its last ramifications ; but the
portion extending from the first to the last ramifications or the axis of inflorescence
is often distinguished under the name of rhachis.

69. A Scape or radical Peduncle is a leafless peduncle proceeding from the stock,
or from near the base of the stem, or apparently from the root itself.

70. A Pedicel is the last branch of an inflorescence, supporting a single flower.

71. The branches of inflorescence may be, like those of stems, opposite, alternate,

etc. (32, 33), but very often their arrangement is different from that of the leafy
branches of the same plant.

72. Inflorescence is
centrifugal, when the terminal flower opens first, and those on the lateral
branches are successively developed.
centripetal, when the lowest flowers open first, and the main stem continues to
elongate, developing fresh flowers.

73. Determinate inflorescence is usually centrifugal. Indeterminate inflorescence
is always centripetal. Both inflorescences may be combined on one plant, for it often
happens that the main branches of an inflorescence are centripetal, whilst the flowers
on the lateral branches are centrifugal ; or vice versd.

74. An Inflorescence is

a Spike, or spicate, when the flowers are sessile along a simple undivided axis
or rhachis.

a Raceme, or racemose, when the flowers are borne on pedicels along a single
undivided axis or rhachis,

a Panicle, or paniculate, when the axis is divided into branches bearing two or
more flowers.

a Head, or capitate, when several sessile or nearly sessile flowers are collected
into a compact head-like cluster. The short, flat, convex, or conical axis on which
the flowers are seated, is called the receptacle, a term also used for the torus of à
single flower (135). The very compact flower-heads of Composite are often termed
compound flowers,

an Umbel, or umbellate, when several branches or pedicels appear to start from

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xi

the same point and are nearly of the same length. It differs from the head, like

the raceme from the spike, in that the flowers are not sessile. An umbel is said to

be simple, when each of its branches or rays bears a single flower ; compound when
each ray bears a partial umbel or wmbellule.

__ a Corymb, or corymbose, when the branches and pedicels, although starting from
different points, all attain the same level, the lower ones being much longer than
the upper. It is a flat-topped or fastigiate panicle. . 1n

a Cyme, or cymose, when branched and centrifugal Tt is a centrifugal panicle,
and is often corymbose. The central flower opens first. The lateral branches succes-
sively developed are usually forked or opposite (dichotomous or trichotomous), but

sometimes after the first forking the branches are no longer divided, but produce a

succession of pedicels on their upper side forming apparently unilateral centripetal

racemes ; whereas if attentively examined, it will be found that each pedicel is at
first terminal, but becomes lateral by the development of one outer branch only,
immediately under the pedicel. Such branches, when in bud, are generally rolled
back at the top, like the tail of a scorpion, and are thence called scorpioid.

a Thyrsus, or thyrsoid, when cymes, usually opposite, are arranged in a narrow
pyramidal panicle.

75, There are numerous cases where inflorescences are intermediate between some
two of the above, and are called by different botanists by one or the other name ac- .
cording as they are guided by apparent or by theoretical similarity. A spike-like
Panicle, where the axis is divided into very short branches forming a cylindrical
compact inflorescence, is called sometimes a spike, sometimes a panicle. If the flowers
are in distinct clusters along a simple axis, the inflorescence is described as an nter-
eg spike or raceme, according as the flowers are nearly sessile or distinctly pedicel-

te; although when closely examined the flowers will be found to be inserted not on

Pide axis, but on a very short branch, thus, strictly speaking, constituting a

a The catkins (amenta) of Amentacee, the spadices of several Monocotyledons,

$ cars and spikelets of Grasses are forms of the spike. .

ii - Bracts are generally placed singly under each branch of the inflorescence, and
nder each pedicel; bracteoles are usually two, one on each side, on the pedicel or
ose under the flower, or even upon the calyx itself ; but bracts are also frequently

t red along the branches without axillary pedicels; and when the differences

ed bride bracts and bracteoles are trifling or immaterial, they are usually all

8.

78. When these bracts appear to proceed from the same point, they will on ex-
amination, be found to be really either one bract and two stipules, or one bract with

° bracteoles in its axil. When two bracts appear to proceed from the same point,

°y will usually be found to be the stipules of an undeveloped bract, unless the

i of the inflorescence are opposite, when the bracts will of course be oppo-

also. ,

79. When several bracts are collected in a whorl, or are so close together as to
Ki ad Whorled, or are closely imbricated round the base of a head or umbel, they
td ectively called an /nvotucre. The bracts composing an involucre are described

h li the names of leaves, leaflets, bracts, or scales, according to their appearance.
ins tO is a useless term, lately introduced for the bracts or scales of the invo-

of Composite. An Involucel is the involucre of a partial umbel. i
invo] hen several very small bracts are placed round the base of a calyx or of an
‘cre, they have been termed a calycule, and the calyx or involucre said to be
pressi ate, but these terms are now falling into disuse, as conveying a falso im-
what ii When the bracts are whorled and inserted upon the calyx, they form
1. S quently called an epicalyx. . . : e Monoco-
tyledons Patha is a bract or floral leaf enclosing the inflorescence o£ som

82. Palee : i ite, Gramineæ
an » pales, or Chaff’, are the inner bracts or scales in Composite, 2

s M voi ier plants, eid of a thin yet stiff consistence, usually narrow and of

Glumes are the bracts enclosing the flowers of Cyperacez and Graminec.

xii OUTLINES OF

S 8. The Flower in General.

84. A complete Flower (15) is one in which the calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil
are all present ; a perfect flower, one in which all these organs, or such of them as
are present, are capable of performing their several functions. Therefore, properly
speaking, an incomplete flower is one in which any one or more of these organs 18
wanting; and an imperfect flower, one in which any one or more of these organs 18
so altered as to be incapable of properly performing its functions. These imperfect
organs are said to be abortive if much reduced in size or efficiency, rudimentary if so
much so as to be scarcely perceptible. But in many works, the term incomplete 18
specially applied to those lowers in which the perianth is simple or wanting, and
imperfect to those in which either the stamens or pistils are imperfect or wanting.

85. A Flower is

dichlamydeous, when the perianth is double, both calyx and corolla being present
and distinct. .

monochlamydeous, when the perianth is single, whether by the union of the
calyx and corolla, or the deficiency of either.

asepalous, when there is no calyx.

apetalous, when there is no corolla.

naked, or achlamydeous, when there is no perianth at all.

hermaphrodite or bisexual, when both stamens and pistil are present and perfect.

male or staminate, when there are one or more stamens, but either no pistil at
all or an imperfect one. ‘

female or pistillate, when there is a pistil, but either no stamens at all, or only
imperfect ones.
neuter when both stamens and pistil are imperfect or wanting.
barren or sterile, when from any cause it produces no seed.
fertile, when it does produce seed. In some works the terms barren, fertile, and
perfect. are also used respectively as synonyms of male, female, and hermaphrodite.'
86. The flowers of a plant or species are said collectively to be wnisexual or dicli-
nous when the flowers are all either male or female.
monecious, when the male and female flowers are distinct, but on the same plant.
diecious, when the male and female flowers are on distinct plants.
polygamous, when there are male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the
same or on distinct plants.
87. A head of flowers is heterogamous when male, female, hermaphrodite, and
neuter flowers, or any two or three of them, are included in one head : homogamous,
when all the flowers included in one head are alike in this respect.» A spike or head

of flowers is androgynous when male and female flowers are mixed in it. These ©

terms are only used in the case of very few Natural Orders. :

88. As the scales of buds are leaves undeveloped or reduced in size and altered in
shape and consistence, and bracts are leaves likewise reduced in size, and occasionally
altered in colour; so the parts of the flower are considered as leaves still further
altered in shape, colour, and arrangemext round the axis, and often more or less
combined with each other. The details of this theory constitute the comparatively
modern branch of botany called Vegetable Metamorphosis or Homology, sometimes
improperly termed Morphology (8).

89. To understand the arrangement of the floral parts, let us take a complete
flower, in which moreover all the parts are free from each other, definite in number,
i.e., always the same in the same species, and symmetrical or isomerous, i.e., when
each whorl consists of the same number of parts.

90. Such a complete symmetrical flower consists usually of either four or five
whorls of altered leaves (88), placed immediately one within the other.

The Calyx forms the outer whorl. Its parts are called sepals.

The Corolla forms the next whorl. Its parts, called petals, usually alternate
with the sepals; that is to say, the centre of each petal is immediately over or
within the interval between two sepals.

The Stamens form one or two whorls within the petals. If two, those of the
outer whorl (the owter stamens) alternate with the petals, and are consequently

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xiii

opposite to, or over the centre of the sepals ; those of the inner whorl (the inner
stamens) alternate with the outer ones, and are therefore opposite to the petals. If
there is only one whorl of stamens, they most frequently alternate with the petals ;
but sometimes they are opposite the petals and alternate with the sepals. .

The Pistil forms the inner whorl; its carpels usually alternate with the inner
row of stamens.

91. In an axillary or lateral flower the upper parts of each whorl (sepals, petals,
stamens, or carpels) are those which are next to the main axis of the stems or
branch, the lower parts those which are furthest from it; the intermediate ones are
said to be lateral, The words anterior (front) and posterior (back) are often used
for lower and upper respectively, but their meaning is sometimes reversed if the
Writer supposes himself in the centre of the flower instead of outside of it.

i 92. The number of parts in each whorl of a flower is expressed adjectively by the
ollowing numerals derived from the Greek :—

mono-, di. tri, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octo-. ennea, deca-, ete, poly-

$3 » 3, +, » 6-, 7, 8-, 9-, 10-, many-

prefixed to a termination indicating the whorl referred to.
93. Thus, a Flower is B

° a Tistpalous, trisepalous, tetrasepalous, polysepalous, etc., according as there are

> 9, 4, or many (or an indefinite number of) sepals.

Porous, tripetalous, polypetalous, etc., according as there are 2, 3, or many

diandrous, triandrous, polyandrous, etc., according as there are 2, 3, or many
digynous, trigynous, polygynous, etc., according as there are 2, 3, or many carpels.
as And generally (if symmetrical), dimerous, trimerous, polymerous, etc., according
9 ere are 2, 3, or many (or an indefinite number of) parts to each whorl.
4. Flowers are unsymmetrical or anisomerous, strictly speaking, when any one of
° whorls has a different number of parts from any other ; but when the carpels
one are reduced in number, the flower is still frequently called symmetrical or iso-
merous, if the calyx, corolla, and staminal whorls have all the same number of parts.
ag Flowers are irregular when the parts of any one of the whorls are unequal in
° dissimilar in shape, or do not spread regularly round the axis at equal dis-
in a At is however more especially irregularity of the corolla that is referred to
“not escriptions. A slight inequality in size or direction 1n the other whorls does
Spi prevent the flower being classed as regular, if the corolla or perianth is con-
picuous and regul ar.

8 9. The Calyx and Corolla, or Perianth.

io The Calyx (90) is usually green, and smaller than the corolla ; sometimes

viz, minute, rudimentary, or wanting, sometimes very indistinctly whorled, or not

sii at all, or in two whorls, or composed of a large number of sepals, of which
9T uter ones pass gradually into bracts, and the inner ones into petals.

- The Corolla (90) is usually coloured, and of a more delicate texture than the

vr, and, in popular language, is often more specially meant by the flower. Its

rarely are more rarely in two whorls, or indefinite in number, and the whorl more

y broken than in the case of the calyx, at least when the plant is in a natural

the q Double flowers are in most cases an accidental deformity or monster in mE

Or eve ary number of petals is multiplied by the conversion of stamens, sept es

tion of carpels into petals, by the division of ordinary petals, or simply by thea di-

or entirely denen ones. Petals are also sometimes very small, rudimentary,

eficient.

usual] very many cases, a so-called simple erianth (15) (of which the parts are

form à; ^r ed leaves or segments) is one in which the sepals and petals are similar in

you wç texture, and present apparently a single whorl. But if examine m the

other ud, one half of the parts will generally be found to be placed outside °

Colour. ing and there will frequently be some slight difference in'texture, size, and

» indicating to the close observer the presence of both calyx and coro.

xiv OUTLINES OF

Hence much discrepancy in descriptive works. Where one botanist describes a
simple perianth of six segments, another will speak of a double perianth of three
sepals and three petals. . . .

99. The following terms and pretixes, expressive of the modifications of form and
arrangement of the corolla and its petals, are equally applicable to the calyx and
its sepals, and to the simple perianth and its segments.

100. The Corolla is said to be monopetalous when the petals are united, either en-
tirely or at the base only, into a cup, tube, or ring ; polypetalous when they are a
free from the base. These expressions, established by a long usage, are not strictly
correct, for monopetalous (consisting of a single petal) should apply rather to a corolla
really reduced to a single petal, which would then be on one side of the axis; and
polypetalous is sometimes used more appropriately for a corolla with an indefinite
number of petals. Some modern botanists have therefore proposed the term gamo-
peralous for the corolla with united petals, and dialypetalous for that with free
petals ; but the old established expressions are still the most generally used.

101. When the petals are partially united, the lower entire portion of the corolla
is called the tube, whatever be its shape, and the free portions of the petals are
called the teeth, lobes, or segments (39), according as they are short or long in propor-
tion to the whole length of the corolla. When the tube is excessively short, the
petals appear at first sight free, but their slight union at the base must be carefully
attended to, being of importance in classification.

102. The ZEstivation of a corolla is the arrangement of the petals, or of such
portion of them as is free, in the unexpanded bud. Tt is

valvate, when they are strictly whorled in their whole length, their edges being
placed against each other without overlapping. If the edges are much inflexed, the
wstivation is at the same time induplicate ; involute, if the margins are rolled in-
ward; reduplicate, if the margins project outwards into salient angles ; revolute, if
the margins are rolled outwards ; plicate, if the petals are folded in longitudinal plaits.

imbricate, when the whorl is more or less broken by some of the petals being
outside the others, or by their overlapping each other at least at the top. Five.
petaled imbricate corollas are quincuncially imbricate when one etal is outeide, and
an adjoining one wholly inside, the three others intermediate and overlapping on one
side ; bilabiate, when two adjoining ones are inside or outside the threeothers. Imbri-
cate petals are described as crumpled (corrugate) when puckered irregularly in the bud.

twisted, contorted, or convolute, when each petal overlaps an adjoining one on
one side, and is overlapped by the other adjoining one on the other side. Some
botanists include the twisted estivation in the general term imbricate ; others care-
fully distinguish the one from the other.

103. In a few cases the overlapping is so slight that the three estivations cannot
easily be distinguished one from the other; in a few others the «stivation is varia-
ble, even in the same species, but, in general, it supplies a constant character in
species, in genera, or even Natural Orders.

104. In general shape the Corolla is

" tubular, when the whole or the greater part of it is in the form of a tube of
cylinder.

campanulate, when approaching in some measure the shape of a cup or bell.

urceolate, when the tube is swollen or nearly globular, contracted at the top,
and slightly expanded again in a narrow rim. :

rotate or stellate, when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from the
base, or nearly so, like a wheel or star.

hypocrateriform or salver shaped, when the loyer part is cylindrical and the
upper portion expanded horizontally. In this case the name of tube is restricted to
the cylindrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the limb, whether it be
divided to the base or not. "The orifice of the tube is called its mouth or throat.

infundibuliform or funnel-shaped, when the tube is cylindrical at the base, but
enlarged at the top into a more or less campanulate limb, of which the lobes often
spread horizontally. In this case the campanulate part, up to the commencement
of the lobes, is sómetimes considered as a portion of the tube, sometimes as a por
tion of the limb, and by some botanists again described as independent of either,

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xV

under the name of throat ( fauces). Generally speaking, however, in campanulate,
infundibuliform, or other corollas, where the lower entire part passes gradually into
the upper divided and more spreading part, the distinction between the tube and
the limb is drawn either at the point where the lobes separate, or at the part where
the corolla first expands, according to which is the most marked. u

105. Irregular corollas have received various names according to the more familiar

forms they have been compared to. Some of the most important are the

bilabiate, or two-lipped corolla, when, in a four- or five-lobed corolla, the two or
three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper lip, from the two or three
lower ones or under lip. In Orchidew and some other families the name of lip, or
labellum, is given to one of the divisions or lobes of the perianth.

personate, when two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection
from the base of the upper or lower lip, called a palate.

ringent, when very widely two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube very open.
„ _ Spurred, when the tube or the lower part of a petal has a conical hollow pro-
eei compared to the spur of a cock; saccate, when the spur is short and round

e a little bag; gibbous, when projecting at any part into a slight swelling ; foveo-
late, when marked in any part with a slight glandular or thickened cavity.
lo resupinate or reversed, when a lip, spur, etc., which in allied species is usually

west, lies uppermost, and vice versá.

106. The above terms are mostly applied to the forms of monopetalous corollas,

ut several are also applicable to those of polypetalous ones. Terms descriptive of

e special forms of corolla in certain Natural Orders, will be explained under those

ers respectively.

107. Most of the terms used for describing the forms of leaves (39, 45) are also
applicable to those of individual petals ; but the flat expanded portion of a petal,
corresponding to the blade of the leaf, is called its lamina, and the stalk, correspond-
ing to the petiole, its claw (unguis). The stalked petal is said to be unguiculate.

. 8 10. The Stamens.

$n Although in a few cases the outer stamens may gradually pass into petals,
* 1n general, Stamens are very different in shape and aspect from leaves, sepals
b gene It is only in a theoretical oint of view (not the less important in the
d of the physiological economy of the plant)that they can be called altered leaves.
divide. This usual form is a stalk, called the filament, bearing at the top an anther
vided into two pouches or cells. These anther-cells are filled with pollen, con-
‘x g of minute grains, usually forming a yellow dust, which, when the flower
pa is scattered from an opening in each cell. When the two cells are not closely

TIC ous, the portion of the anther that unites them is called the connectivum. ,
perf 0. The filament is often wanting, and the anther sessile, yet still the stamen 1s
a ect; but if the anther, which is the essential part of the stamen, 18 wanting,
iiri t not contain pollen, the stamen is imperfect, and is then said to be barren or
w i (without pollen), abortive, or rudimentary (84), according to the degree to

ch the imperfection is carried. Imperfect stamens are often called staminodia.
innun n unsymmetrical flowers, the stamens of each whorl are sometimes reduced
° ipe below that of the petals, even to a single one, and in several Natural
119 Quy are multiplied indefinitely. I "ees
, the terms monandrous and polyandrous are restricted to flowers which have
are T: t one stamen, or an indefinite number respectively. Where several stamens
ited into one, the flower is said to be synandrous.
` Stamens are .
either ud elphous, when united by their filaments into one cluster. This oe
š “iw a tube round the pistil, or, if the pistil is wanting, occupies the centre

er.
diadelphous, when so united i The term is more
i Sd united into two clusters or phalanges. term
slit o Y applied to certain Leguminose, in which nine stamens are united in a tube
Ja Pen on the upper side, and a tenth, placed in a slit, is free. In some other
€ stamens are equally distributed in the two clusters.

xvi | OUTLINES OF

triadelphous, pentadelphous, polyadelphous, when so united into three, five, ot
many clusters or phalanges. . D.

syngenesious, when united by their anthers in a ring round the pistil, the fila-
ments usually remaining free. .

didynamous, when (usually in a bilabiate flower) there are four stamens in two
pairs, those of one pair longer than those of the other.

tetradynamous, when (in Crucifere) there are six, four of them longer than the
two others. .

easerted, when longer than the corolla, or even when longer than its tube, if
the limb be very spreading.

114. An Anther (109) 1s .

adnate, when continuous with the filament, the anther-cells appearing to lie
their whole length along the upper part of the filament.

innate, when firmly attached by their base to the filament. This is an adnate
anther when rather more distinct from the filament.

versatile, when attached by their back to the very point of the filament, so a$
to swing loosely.

115. Anther-cells may be parallel or diverging at a less or greater angle ; or diva-
ricate, when placed end to end so as to form one straight line. The end of each
anther-cell placed nearest to the other cell is generally called its apex or summit,
and the other end its base (36) ; but some botanists reverse the sense of these terms.

116. Anthers have often, on their connectivum or cells, appendages termed
bristles (setze), spurs, crests, points, glands, etc., according to their appearance.

117. Anthers have occasionally only one cell: this may take place either by the
disappearance of the partition between two closely contiguous cells, when these
cells are said to be confluent ; or by the abortion or total deficiency of one of the
cells, when the anther is said to be dimidiate.

118. Anthers will open or dehisce to let out the pollen, like capsules, in valves,
pores, or slits. Their dehiscence is introrse, when the opening faces the pistil ; ez-
trorse, when towards the circumference of the flower.

119. Pollen (109) is not always in the form of dust. It is sometimes collected in
each cell into one or two little wax-like masses. Special terms used in describing

these masses or other modifications of the pollen will be explained under the Orders
where they occur.

8 11. The Pistil.

120. The carpels (91) of the Pistil, although they may occasionally assume,
rather more than stamens, the appearance and colour of leaves, are still more
different in shape and structure. They are usually sessile; if stalked, their stalk
is called a podocarp. This stalk, upon which each separate carpel is supported
above the receptacle, must not be confounded with the gynobasis (143), upon which
the whole pistil is sometimes raised.

121. Each carpel consists of three parts :

l. the Ovary, or enlarged base, which includes one or more cavities or cells,
containing one or more small bodies called ovules. "These are the earliest condition
of the future seeds.

2. the Style, proceeding from the summit of the ovary, and supporting—

3. the Stigma, which is sometimes’a point (or punctform stigma) or small
head (a capitate stigma) at the top of the style or ovary, sometimes a portion of its
surface more or less lateral and variously shaped, distinguished by a looser texture,
and covered with minute protuberances called papilla.

122. The style is often wanting, and the stigma is then sessile on the ovary, but
in the perfect pistil there is always at least one ovule in the ovary, and some por-
tion of stigmatic surface. Without these the pistil is imperfect "and said to be
barren (not setting seed), abortive, or rudimentary (84), according to the degree of
imperfection.

123. The ovary being the essential part of the pistil, most of the terms relating
to the number, arrangement, etc., of the carpels, apply s cially to their ovaries-
In some works each separate carpel is called a pistil, all those of a flower consti-

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XV11

i i is in li d pistil is
tuting together the gynæceum ; but this term 1s 1n little use, and the wor i
more generally applied in a collective sense. When the ovaries are at all united,
they are commonly termed collectively a compound ovary.

124, The number of carpels or ovaries in a flower 1s frequently. reduced bui
that of the parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers otherwise sym em
Ina very few genera, however, the ovaries are more numerous than t re pe in
indefinite. They are in that case either arranged in a single whorl, or for
or spike in the centre of the flower. . u

125. The terms monogynous, digynous, polygynous, etc. (with a pistil of one, two, or
more parts), are vaguely used, applying sometimes to the whole pistil, some imes to
the ovaries alone, or to the styles or stigmas only. Where a more preci
clature is adopted, the flower is 1 sts of a single simple carpel

monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a smgle sim .
_ _ bi, tri-, ete., to poly-carpellary, when the pistil consists of two, three, or an
indefinite number of carpels, whether separate or united. ted into one
syncarpoxs, when the carpels or their ovaries are more or less unite
compound ovary. DEUM
1 apocarpous, when the carpels or ovaries are all free and distinct.
26. A compound ovary is LL
unilocular or one-celled, when there are no partitions between he ore to
when these partitions do not meet in the centre so as to divide the y
Several cells. jl "
plurilocular or several-celled, when completely divided into two Na m the
by os called dissepiments (septa), usually vertical and radiating
centre or axis of the ovary to its circumference. o
th bi-, tri-, etc., to multi-locular, according to the number of these cells, two,

Tee, etc., or many. . . f

127. In general the number of cells or of dissepiments, complete or partial or Mi
rows of ovules, corresponds with that of the earpels, of which Mes p St wo cells,
posed. But sometimes each carpel is divided completely or partia Y i to e hat it
or has two rows of ovules, so that the number of carpels appears, i e duced as
really is. Sometimes again the carpels are so completely pps an eral car:
to form a single cell, with a single ovule, although it really consists of several as
bd But in these cases the ovary is usually described as it appears,

uch as it is theoretically supposed to be. 2. .

128. In apocarpous pistils the styles are usually free, each bearing pole ion
Very rarely the greater part of the styles, or the stigmas alone, are ;

€ ovaries remain distinct.

29. Synearpous pistils are said to have , the base

several styles, when the styles are free from the . vat
one style, ith several branches, when the styles are connected at the bane,
Separate below the point where the stigmas or stigmatic sur aces comm nce. ae the

, One simple style, with several stigmas, when united "p ing the p

gmas or stigmatic surfaces commence | an en separ . . . as the

one simple style, with a branched, lobed, toothed, notched. or entire MM (as s
vase may be), when the stigmas also are more or less united. - any erable
poled this precise nomenclature is not strictly adhered to, an

tnsion is often the result. . :« the

n general the number of styles, or branches of the style en stigma J] im
same as that of the carpels, but sometimes that number is doub edd Tran ed,

e stigmas, and sometimes the stigmas are dichotomously or Pl these variations
& penicillate, thatis, divided into a tuft of hair-like branches. : od doring s

metimes make it a difficult task to determine the number o beds the affinities
Pre tran ovary, but the point is of considerable importance Es P arent number
hae rg and, by careful consideration, the real as well as the ap

a OW 1n most cases been agreed upon. . ovules are
131. The Placenta is the part of the inside of the ovary és prone or less

‘ached, sometimes a mere point or line on the inner Su ace, f the part of the
thickened or raised. Placentation is therefore the indication ©

ary to which the ovules are attached.

€

xviii OUTLINES OF

132. Placentas are ,

axile, when the ovules are attached to the axis or centre, that is, in plurilo-
cular ovaries, when they are attached to the inner angle of each cell ; in unilocular
simple ovaries, which have almost always an excentrical style or stigma, when the
ovules are attached to the side of the ovary nearest to the style ; in unilocular com-
pound ovaries, when the ovules are attached to a central protuberance, column, or
axis rising up from the base of the cavity. If this column does not reach the top
of the cavity, the placenta is said to be free aud central.

parietal, when the ovules are attached to the inner surface of the cavity of a
one-celled compound ovary. Parietal placentas are usually slightly thickened or
raised lines, sometimes broad surfaces nearly covering the inner surface of the
cavity, sometimes projecting far into the cavity, and constituting partial dissepi-
ments, or even meeting in the centre, but without cohering there. In the latter
case the distinction between the one-celled and the several-celled ovary sometimes
almost disappears.

133. Each Ovule (121), when fully formed, usually consists of a central mass or
nucleus enclosed in two bag-like coats, the outer one called primine, the inner one
secundine. The chalaza is the point of the ovule at which the base of the nucleus
is confluent with the coats. The foramen is a minute aperture in the coats over the
apex of the nucleus.

134. Ovules are

orthotropous or straight, when the chalaza coincides with the base (36) of the
ovule, 3 and the foramen is at the opposite extremity, the axis of the ovule being
straight.

campylotropous or incurved, when the chalaza still coinciding with the base of
the ovule, the axis of the ovule is curved, bringing the foramen down more or less
towards that base.

anatropous or inverted, when the chalaza is at the apex of the ovule, and the
foramen next to its base, the axis remaining straight. In this, one of the most fre-
quent forms of the ovule, the chalaza is connected with the base by a cord, called
rhaphe, adhering to one side of the ovule, and becoming more or less incorporated
with its coats, as the ovule enlarges into a seed.

amphitropous or half-inverted, when the ovule being as it were attached laterally,
the chalaza and foramen at opposite ends of its straight or curved axis are about
equally distant from the base or point of attachment.

& 12. The Receptacle and Relative Attachment of the Floral Whorls.

135. The Receptacle or torus is the extremity of the peduncle (above the calyx),
upon which the corolla, stamens, and ovary are inserted. It is sometimes little
more than a mere point or minute hemisphere, but it is often also more or less
elongated, thickened, or otherwise enlarged. It must not be confounded with the
receptacle of inflorescence (74).

136. A Disk, or disc, is a circular enlargement of the receptacle, usually in the form
of a cup (cupular), of a flat disk or quoit, or of a cushion (pulvinate). It is either
immediately at the base of the ovary within the stamens, or between the petals and
stamens, or bears the petals or stamens or both on its margin, or is quite at the ex-
tremity of the receptacle, with the ovaries arranged in a ring round it or under it.

137. The disk may be entire, or toothed, or lobed, or divided into a number of
parts, usually equal to, or twice that of the stamens or car els. When the parts
of the disk are quite separate and short, they are often called glands.

138. Nectaries are either the disk, or ‘small deformed petals, or abortive stamens,
or appendages at the base of petals, or stamens, or any small bodies within the
flower which do not look like petals, stamens, or ovaries. They were formerly
supposed to supply bees with their honey, and the term is frequently to be met
with in the older Floras, but is now deservedly going out of use.

139. When the disk bears the petals and stamens, it is frequently adherent to,
and apparently forms part of, the tube of the calyx, or it is adherent to, and appa-
rently forms part of, the ovary, or of both calyx-tube and ovary. Hence the three
following important distinctions in the relative insertion of the floral whorls.

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xix

' 140. Petals, or as it is frequently expressed, flowers, are
_hypogynous (i.e, under the ovary), when they or the disk that bears them are
entirely free both from the calyx and ovary. The ovary is then described as free or
superior, the calyx as free or inferior, the petals as being inserted on the receptacle.
Bo perigynous (i.e., round the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is quite free
m the ovary, but is more or less combined with the base of the calyx-tube. The
ovary is then still described as free or superior, even though the combined disk and
ei "tube may form a deep cup with the ovary lying in the bottom ; the calyx is
to be free or inferior, and the petals are described as inserted on the calyx.
via eos (ie. upon the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is combined both
th e base of the calyx-tube and the base outside of the ovary; either closing over
ofthe vary so as only to leave a passage for the style, or leaving more or less of the top
ala Ovary free, but always adhering to it above the level of the insertion of the lowest
to pAsxoept in a very few cases where the ovules are absolutely suspended from the
: Ae cell. In epigynous flowers the ovary is described as adherent or inferior,
ud yx as adherent or superior, the petals as inserted om or above the ovary. In
ity Works, however, most epigynous flowers are included in the perigynous ones,
few avery different meaning is given to the term epigynous (144). and there are a
borea Where no positive distinetion ean be drawn between the epigynous and
m ih Wr flowers, or again between the perigynous and hypogynous flowers. |
A diff hen there are no petals, it is the insertion of the stamens that determines
142 Whee between the hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers.
ih hen there are both petals and stamens,
bot ” ypogynous flowers, the petals and stamens are usually free from each other,
ut sometimes they are combined at the base. In that case, if the petals are
said m from each other, and the stamens are monadelphous, the petals are often
eraik N inserted on or combined with the staminal tube ; if the corolla is gamope-
the tube the stamens distinct from each other, the latter are said to be inserted in
ube of the corolla.
the petais SY nous flowers, the stamens are usually inserted immediately within
wer dow or Mernating with them on the edge of the disk, but occasionally much
in own within the disk, or even on the unenlarged part of the receptacle.
inserted Pigynous flowers, when the petals are distinct, the stamens are usually
are either f in perigynous flowers; when the corolla is gamopetalous, the stamens
e corolla ree and epigynous, or combined at the base with (inserted in) the tube of
w „When the receptacle is distinctly elongated below the ovary, it is often
ow d nobasis, gynophore, or stalk of the ovary. If the elongation takes place
inserted € stamens or below the petals, these stamens or petals are then said to be
epigynous, n the stalk of the ovary, and are occasionally, but falsely, described as
the ovary Really epigynous stamens (i.e., when the tilaments are combined with
la. S) are very rare, unless the rest of the flower is epigynous. .

Ovary in e epigynous disk is a name given either to the thickened summit of the
Teceptacl Pigynous flowers, or very rarely to a real disk or enlargement of the
us 1 e closing over the ovary. |
mne the relative position of any two or more parts of the flower, whether in

conn oF in different whorls, they are
vernon’ when nearer together at the summit than at the base.
poher nr » When further apart at the summit than at the base. .
little or nol , When united together, but so slightly that they can be separated with
important) aceration ; and one of the two coherent parts (usually the smallest or least
S cony is said to be adherent tothe other. Grammatically speaking, these two
ti y ho ey nearly the same meaning, but require a different form of phrase; prac-
« of i th er it has been found more convenient to restrict cohesion to the union
connat e same whorl, and adhesion to the union of parts of different whorls.
tion, k when so closely united that they cannot be separated without lacera-
8 sa of the two connate parts, and especially that one which is considered
2 r of the least importance, is said to be adnate to the other.
.» When neither coherent nor connate.
c2

xx OUTLINES OF

distinct is also used in the same sense, but is also applied to parts distinctly
visible or distinctly limited.

8 13. The Fruit.

146. The F'ruit (15) consists of the ovary and whatever other parts of the flower
are persistent (i.e., persist at the time the seed is ripe), usually enlarged, and more
or less altered in shape and consistence. It encloses or covers the seed or seeds
till the period of maturity, when it either opens for the seed to escape, or falls to
the ground with the seed. When stalked, its stalk has been termed a carpophore.

147. Fruits are, in elementary works, said to be simple when the result of a single
flower, compound. when they proceed from several flowers closely packed or com-
bined ina head. Butas a fruit resulting from a single flower, with several distinct
carpels, is compound in the sense in which that term is applied to the ovary, the
terms single and aggregate, proposed for the fruit resulting from one or several
flowers, may be more appropriately adopted. In descriptive botany a fruit is always
supposed to result from a single flower unless the contrary be stated. It may, like
the pistil, be syncarpous or apocarpous (125) ; and as in many cases carpels united
in the flower may become separate as they ripen, an apocarpous fruit may result
from a synearpous pistil.

148. The involuere or bracts often persist and form part of aggregate fruits, but
very seldom so in single ones. f

149. The receptacle becomes occasionally enlarged and succulent; if when ripe

.it falls off with the fruit, it is considered as forming part of it.

150. The adherent part of the calyx of epigynous flowers always persists and
forms part of the fruit; the free part of the calyx of epigynous flowers or the cal
of perigynous flowers, either persists entirely at the top of or round the fruit, or the
lobes alone fall off, or the lobes fall off with whatever part of the calyx is above the
insertion of the petals, or the whole of what is free from the ovary falls off, including
the disk bearing the petals. The calyx of hypogynous flowers usually falls off entirely
or persists entirely. In general a calyx is called deciduous if any part falls off. When
it persists it is either enlarged round or under the fruit, or it withers and dries up.

151. The corolla usually falls off entirely ; when it persists it is usually withered
and dry (marcescent), or very seldom enlarges round the fruit.

152. The stamens either fall off, or more or less of their filaments persists, usually
withered and dry.

153. The style sometimes falls off or dries up and disappears ; sometimes persists,
forming a point to the fruit, or becomes enlarged into a wing or other appendage
to the fruit.

154. The Pericarp is the portion of the fruit formed of the ovary, and whatever
adheres to it exclusive of and outside of the seed or seeds, exclusive also of the
persistent receptacle, or of whatever portion of the calyx persists round the ovary
without adhering to it.

155. Fruits have often external appendages called wings (ale), beaks, erests, awns,
etc., according to their appearance. They are either formed by persistent parts of
the flower more or less altered, or grow out of the ovary or the persistent part of
the calyx. If the appendage be a ring of hairs or scales round the top of the fruit,
it is called a pappus.

156. Fruits are generally divided into succulent (including fleshy, pulpy, and juicy
fruits) and dry. They are dehiscent when they open at maturity to let out the

seeds, indehiscent when they do not open spontaneously but fall off with the seeds.
Succulent fruits are usually indehiscent.

157. The principal kinds of succulent frnits are

the Berry, in which the whole substance of the pericarp is fleshy or pulpy, with
the exception.of the outer skin or rind, called the Bpicarp. The seeds Themselves
are usually immersed in the pulp; but in some berries, the seeds are separated from
the pulp by the walls of the cavity or cells of the ovary, which form as it were à
thin inner skin or rind, called the Endocarp.

the Drupe, in which the pericarp, when ripe, consists of two distinct portions,
an outer succulent one called the Sarcocarp, or Mesocarp (covered like the eris by

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xxi

askin or epicarp), and an inner dry endocarp called the Putamen, which is either
cartilaginous (of the consistence of parchment) or hard and woody. In the latter
case it is commonly a stone, and the drupe a stone-fruit. When the putamen consists
of several distinct stones or nuts, each enclosing a seed, they are called pyrenes, or
Sometimes kernels,
158, The principal kinds of dry fruits are .
the Capsule or Pod,* which is dehiscent. When ripe the pericarp usually splits
longitudinally intoas many or twice as many pieces, called valves, as it contains cells
or placentas, If these valves separate at the line of junction of the carpels, that is,
along the line of the placentas or dissepiments, either splitting them or leaving them
attached to the axis, the dehiscence is termed septicidal ; if the valves separate be-
tween the placentas or dissepiment, the dehiscence is loculicidal, and the valves
either bear the placentas or dissepiments along their middle line, or leave them at-
tached to the axis, Sometimes also the capsule discharges its seeds by slits, chinks,
pores, more or less regularly arranged, or bursts irregularly, or separates into two
by a horizontal line ; in the latter case it is said to be circumsciss.
the Nut or Achene, which is indehiscent and contains but a single seed. When
we pericarp is thin in proportion to the seed it encloses, the whole fruit (or each of
Its lobes) has the appearance of a single seed, and is so called in popular language.
° pericarp is thin and rather loose, it is often called a Utricle. A Samara is
° me with a wing at its upper end.
š 9. Where the carpels of the ovary are distinct (125) they may severally become
many distinct berries, drupes, capsules, or achenes. Separate carpels are usually
mate or less compressed laterally, with more or less prominent inner and outer
AT called sutures, and, if dehiscent, the carpel usually opens at these sutures.
ile is à carpel opening at the inner suture only. In some cases where the
Ce are united in the ovary they will separate when ripe; they are then called
ĉi if one-seeded., |
Which The peculiar fruits of some of the large Orders have received special names,
ch will be explained under each Order. Such are the siliqua and silicule of
cifere, the legume of Leguminosz, the pome of Pyrus and its allies, the pepo of
curbitacew, the cone of Conifer, the grain or caryopsis o£ Gramine, etc.

§ 14. Phe Seed.

161. The Seed is enclosed in the pericarp in the great majority of flowering plants,
a therefore Angiosperms, or anyioapermous plants. In Conifere and a very few
out genera, called Gymnosperms, or gymnospermous plants, the seed is naked, with.
with D, real pericarp. "These truly gymnospermous plants must not be confounde

ei abiatæ, Boragineæ, etc., which have also been falsely called gymnospermous,

qo "all nuts having the appearance of seeds (158). . ak
Nearly The seed when ripe contains an embryo or young plant, either filling or
l ;Y filling the cavity, but not attached to the outer skin or the seed, or more or
or no mersed in a mealy, oily, fleshy, or horn-like substance, called the albumen,

Perisperm. The presence or absence of this albumen, that is, the distinctiou be-
een albuminous and exalbuminous seeds, is one of great importance. The embryo

hd ` B . H
one can often only be found or distinguished when the seed is quite ripe, or
The outer

8 ow when it begins to germinate. eu ble coats
Shell of the seed consists usually of two separable j
EN, called the testa, is usually the principal one, and in most cases the only one
< ed to in descriptions, It may be hard and crustaceous, woody or bony, or di d
inte, "nbrangug (skin-like), dry, or rarely succulent. It is sometimes ED boat
dU Or bears a tuft of hair, cotton, or wool, called a coma. The inner
The furan: d to the placenta. It is
Occasion p 9 cle is the stalk by which the seed is attache ep we
tonally enlarged into a iuettibranóus, pulpy or fleshy appe eed am. aril.
: over a considerable part of the seed, or nearly enclosmg it, e .

In English deseri : i d ow; cupsule, or
Sometimes riptions, pod is more frequently used when it is long and narrow; 3
Pouch, when it is short and thick or broad.

xxii OUTLINES OF

A strophiole or caruncle is a similar appendage proceeding from the testa by the side
of or near the funicle. .

165. The hilum is the scar left on the seed where it separates from the funicle.
The micropyle is a mark indicating the position of the foramen of the ovule (133).

166. The Embryo (162) consists of the Radicle or base of the future root, one or
two Cotyledons or future seed-leaves, and the Plumule or future bud within the base
of the cotyledons. In some seeds, especially where there is no albumen, these se-
veral parts are very conspicuous, in others they are very difficult to distinguish
until the seed begins to germinate. Their observation, however, is of the greatest
importance, for it is chiefly upon the distinction between the embryo with one or
with two cotyledons that are founded the two great classes of phenogamous plants,
Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. Cotyledons are said to be conduplicate when folded
once lengthwise; contortuplicate when variously folded or twisted ; conferrwminate
when so united that no line of separation can be traced. ` 2.

167. Although the embryo lies loose (unattached) within the seed, it is generally
in some determinate position with respect to the seed or to the whole fruit. This
position is described by stating the direction of the radicle next to or more or less
remote from the hilum, or it is said to be superior if pointing towards the summit
of the fruit, inferior if pointing towards the base of the fruit.

§ 15. Accessory Organs.

168. Under this name are included, in many elementary works, various external
parts of plants which do not appear to act any essential part either in the vegetation
or reproduction of the plant. They may be classed under four heads: Tendrils and
Hooks, Thorns and Prickles, Hairs and Glands.

169. ‘Tendrils (cirrhi) are usually abortive petioles, or abortive peduncles, or
sometimes abortive ends of branches. They are simple or more or less branched,
flexible, and coil more or less firmly round any objects within their reach, in order
to support the plant to which they belong. Hooks are similar holdfasts, but of a
firmer consistence, not branched, and less coiled.

170, Thorns and Prickles have been fancifully called the weapons of plants.
A Thorn or Spine is the strongly pointed extremity of a branch, or abortive petiole,
or abortive peduncle. A Prickle is a sharply pointed excrescence from the epi-
dermis, and is usually produced on a branch, on the petiole or veins of a leaf, or on
a peduncle, or even on the calyx or corolla. When the teeth of a leaf or the stipules
are pungent, they are also called prickles, not thorns. A plant is spinous if it has
thorns, aculeate if it has prickles. .

171. Hairs, in the general sense, or the indumentum (or clothing) of a plant in-
clude all those productions of the epidermis which have, by a more or less appro-
priate comparison, been termed bristles, hairs, down, cotton, or wool. .

172. Hairs are often branched. They are said to be attached by the centre, if
parted from the base, and the forks spread along the surface in opposite directions;
plumose, if the branches are arranged along a common axis, as in a feather; stellate,
if several branches radiate horizontally. These stellate hairs have sometimes their
rays connected together at the base, forming little flat circular disks attached by
the centre, and are then called scales, and the surface is said to be scaly or lepidote.

173. The Epidermis, or outer skin, of an organ, as to its surface and indumentum, is

smooth, when without any protuberance whatever,

glabrous, when without hairs of any kind.

glabrescent, glabrate, becoming glabrous.

striate, when marked with parallel longitudinal lines, either slightly raised or
merely discoloured.

urrowed (sulcate) or ribbed (costate) when the parallel lines are more distinctly

raised.

rugose, when wrinkled or marked with irregular raised or depressed lines.

wmbilicate, when marked with a small round depression.

wmbonate, when bearing a small boss like that of a shield.

viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when covered with a sticky or clammy exudation.

scabrous, when rough to the touch. i

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xxii

tuberewlate or warted, when covered with small, obtuse, wart-like protuberances.
rea” when the protuberances are more raised and pointed but yet short
‘@chinate, when the protuberances are longer and sharper, almost prickly.
seose or bristly, when bearing very stiff erect straight hairs. .
glandular-sctose, when the setz or bristles terminate in a minute resinous head
ordrop. In some works, especially in the case of Roses and Rubus, the meaning
of stæ has been restricted to such as are glandular.
glochidiate, when the sete are hooked at the top. . .
pilose, when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather long simple hairs.
hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs.
hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff. .
Ditbescent, or pubescent, when the hairs are short and soft ; puberulent, when slightly
cent.
strigose, when the hairs are rather short and stiff, and lie close along the sur-
in the same direction ; strigillose, when slightly strigose. 1
tomentose or cottony, when the hairs are very short and soft, rather dense an
More or less intricate, and usually white or whitish. . .
woolly (lanate), when the hairs are long and loosely intricate, like wool. The
ond tomentum is said to be floccose when closely intricate and readily detached,
eece,

mealy (farinose), when the hairs are excessively short, intricate and white, and
come off readily, having the appearance of meal or dust. . :stinguished
ranescent or hoary, when the hairs are so short as not readily to be distinguishec
by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the epidermis.
Faucous, when of a pale bluish-green, often covered with a fine bloom.
i 'aucescent, subglaucous or becoming glaucous. h
7 e meanings here attached to the above terms are such as appear to are
most generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in the use Path the
made of many of them by different botanists. This is especially the case with the
: pilose, hispid, hirsute, pubescent, and tomentose. — . d prin-
° ° name of Glands is given to several different productions, and pri
pally to the four following :— ; f
l. Small wart-like or shield-like bodies, either sessile or sometimes stalked, of
à fungous or Somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting a small quantity o
oily or resinous matter, but more frequently dry. They are’ generally few. in
number, often definite in their position and form, and occur chiefly on the petiole
papal veins of leaves, on the branches of inflorescences, or on the stalks or
Pal veins of bracts, sepals, or petals. i
4. ^ Minute raised dots, usually black, red, or dark-coloured, of a resinous or
oily nature, always superficial, ànd apparently exudations from the epidermis.
ey are often numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green branches, and occur
even on petals and stamens, more rarely on pistils. When raised upon s r di "
ks t ey are called pedicellate (or stipitate) glands, or glandular hairs, according
the thickness of the stalk. ith oil, imbedded in
th mall, globular, oblong or even linear vesicles, filled with oil, im "inet
€ substance itself of leaves, bracts, floral organs, or fruits. They are o i y
pmerous, like transparent dots, sometimes few and determinate in dco spiotious
and. In the pericarp of Umbellifere they are remarkably regular and consp >
€ the name of vitæ. ithin the flower
Se Lobes of the disk (137), or other small fleshy excrescences within :
ether from the receptacle, calyx, corolla, stamens, or pistil,

Cumar. IL. CLASSIFICATION, OR SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. !
t has dyb 3) that descriptions of plants should, as nearly
4 Possible, he amas ed ander aera visions, i". as to facilitate the comparison
each plant with those most nearly allied to it. The descriptions of plants

xxiv OUTLINES OF

alluded to are deseriptions of species; the natural divisions of the Flora refer to

ural groups of Species. .

E X M e erat rinos all the individual plants which resemble each other
sufficiently to make us conclude that they are all, or may have been all, descen M
from a common parent. These individuals may often differ from each otl p
many strikiug particulars, such as the colour of the flower, size of the leaf, ee
but these particulars are such as experience teaches us are liable to vary in
seedlings raised from one individual. .

178. When a large number of the individuals of a species differ from the others
in any striking particular they constitute a Variety. If the variety generally
comes true from seed, it is often called a Race. . . bulbs

179. A Variety can only be propagated with certainty by grafts, cuttings, r >
tubers, or any other method which produces a new plant by the development o s
or more buds taken from the old one. A Race may with care be propagated y
seed, although seedlings will always be liable, under certain circumstances, to lose
those particulars which distinguish it from the rest of the species. A real Speci
will always come true from seed. for

180. The known species of plants (now near 100,000) are far too numerous
the human mind to study without classification, or even to give distinct single name
to. To facilitate these objects, an admirable system, invented by Linneus, hor
been universally adopted, viz., one common substantive name is given to à nume e
of species which resemble each other more than they do any other species ; the
species so collected under one name are collectively called a Genus, the common
name being the generic name. Each species is then distinguished from the others
of the same genus by the addition of an adjective epithet or specific name. Every
species has thus a botanical name of two words. In Latin, the language usually
used for the purpose, the first word is a substantive and designates the genus; the
second, an adjective, indicates the species,

181. The genera thus formed being still too numerous (above 6000) for study
without further arrangement, they have been classed under the same principles, V14-,
genera which resemble each other more than they do any other genera, have been
collected together into groups of a higher degree called Families or Natural
Orders, to each of which a common name has been given. This name is in Latin
an adjective plural, usually taken from the name of some one typical genus, genera:ly
the best known, the first discovered, or the most marked (e.g., Ranunculacee from
Ranunculus). This is however for the purpose of study and comparison. To speak
of a species, to refer to it and identify it, all that is necessary is to give the generic
and specific names. .

182. Natural Orders themselves (of which we reckon near 200) are often in the
same manner collected into Classes ; and where Orders contain a large number of
genera, or genera a large number of species, they require further classification. The
genera of an Order are then collected into minor groups called Tribes, the species of
à genus into Sections, and in a few cases this intermediate classification is carri
still further. The names of these several groups the most generally adopted are as
follows, beginning with the most comprehensive or highest :—

Classes. Subtribes. Sections.
Subclasses or Alliances. Divisions. Subsections.
Natural Orders or Families, Subdivisions. Species.
Suborders. Genera. Varieties.
Tribes. Subgenera.

183. The characters (3) by which a species is distinguished from all other species
of the same genus are collectively called the specific character of the plant; those by
which its genus is distinguished from other genera of the Order, or its Order from
other Orders, are respectively called the generic or ordinal character, as the case
may be. The kabit of a plant, of a species, a genus, etc., consists of such gene
characters as strike the eye at first sight, such as size, colour, ramification, arrange-
ment of the leaves, inflorescence, etc., and are chiefly derived from the organs of
vegetation,

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XXV

184. Classes, Orders, Genera, and their several subdivisions, are called natural
When, in forming them, all resemblances and differences are taken into account,
Valuing them according to their evident or presumed importance ; artificial, when
resemblances and differences in some one or very few particulars only are taken into
account independently of all others. .

185. The number of species included in a genus, or the number of genera in an

der, is very variable. Sometimes two or three or even a single species may be so
different from all others as to constitute the entire genus : in others, several hun-
species may resemble each other so much as to be all included in one genus ;

and there is the same discrepancy in the nnmber of genera to a Family. There is
moreover, unfortunately, in a number of instances, great difference of opinion as to
ether certain plants differing from each other in certain particulars are varieties
one species or belong to distinct species ; and again, whether two or more groups
of species should constitute as many sections of one genus, or distinct genera, or
«55 of one Order, or even distinct Natural Orders. In the former case, as a species
18 supposed to have a real existence in nature, the question is susceptible of argu-
ment, and sometimes of absolute proof. But the place a group should occupy in the
€ of degree is very arbitrary, being often a mere question of convenience. The
more subdivisions upon correct principles are multiplied, the more they facilitate
€ study of plants, provided always the main resting-points for constant use, the

*r and the Genus, are comprehensive and distinct. But if every group into
Which a genus can be divided be erected into a distinct genus, with a substantive
name to be remembered whenever a species is spoken of, all the advantages derived

m the beautiful simplicity of the Linnean nomenclature are gone. -

CHAP, III, VEGETABLE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
Š 1. Structure and Growth of the Elementary Tissues.

ws I a very thin slice of any part of a plant be placed under a microscope of
A ifying power, it will be found to be made up of variously shaped and ar-
pared ultimate parts, forming a sort of honeycombed structure. These ultimate
dd are called cells, and form by their combination the elementary tissues of which
Tautite plant is composed.
87. A cell in its simplest state is a closed membranous sac, formed of a substance
Permeable by fluids, though usually destitute of visible pores. Each cell is a distino
wi nal, Separately formed and separately acting, though cohering with har ce
í w. ich it is in contact, and partaking of the common life and action of the issue
of which it forms a part. The membranes separating or enclosing the cells are also
168 er walls,

v, tanists usually distinguish the following tissues :—

ra s the í ith of stems, the pulp
i ends, All the soft parts of the leaves, the pith of stems,
q rit and all y oung growing parta, are formed of it. It is the first tissue pro-

active the anp nues to be formed while growth continues, and when it ceases to be
D piant dies, .
the oody tissue, or prosenchyma, differs in having its cells considerably longer
The Tow usually tapering at each end into points and overlapping each o " A
constit lls are commonly thick-walled ; the tissue is firm, tenacious, and e ic, and
nie aa the principal part of wood, of the inner bark, and of the nerv
( f leaves, orming, in short, the framework of the plant. he mistaken
notion «1 oar tissue, or the vessels or ducts of plants, so called from t ^ ien)
of ai, that their functions are analogons to those of the vessels (veins us a rios)
MA vessel in plants consists of a vertical row of cells, vat | ave ir
Mp De partition-walls obliterated, so as to form a continuous ig | phænog: A
are y Plants, 48 Well as ferns and a few other cryptogamous plants, m es els, and
erefore called vascular plants ; so the majority of cryptogams having only

XXVi OUTLINES OF

lular tissue are termed cellular plants. Vessels have their sides very variousl
marked; some, called spiral vessels, have a spiral fibre coiled up their inside, whic
unrolls when the vessel is broken ; others are marked with longitudinal slits, cross
bars, minute dots or pits, or with transverse rings. The size of vessels is also very
variable in different plants ; in some they are of considerable size and visible to the
naked eye in cross sections of the stem, in others they are almost absent or can
only be traced under a strong magnifier. .

189. Various modifications of the above tissues are distinguished by vegetable
anatomists under names which need not be enumerated here as not being in general
practical use. Air-vessels, cysts, turpentine-vessels, oil-reservoirs, etc., are either cavi-
ties left between the cells, or large cells filled with peculiar secretions.

190. When tissues are once formed, they increase, not by the general enlarge-
ment of the whole of the cells already formed, but by cell-division, that is, by the
division of young and vitally active cells, and the enlargement of their portions.
In the formation of the embryo, the first cell of the new plant is formed not by
division, but around a segregate portion of the contents of a previously existing cell,
the embryo-sac. This is termed free cell-formation, in contradistinction to cell-
division.

191. A young and vitally active cell consists of the outer wall, formed of a more or
less transparent substance called cellulose, permeable by fluids, and of ternary
chemical composition (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen); and of the cell-contents,
usually viscid or mucilaginous, consisting of protoplasm, a substance of quaternary
chemical composition (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen), which fills an im-
portant part in cell-division and growth. Within the cell (either in the centre or ex-
centrical) is usually a minute, soft, subgelatinous body called the nucleus, whose func-
tiens appear to be intimately connected with the first formation of the new cell. As
this cell increases in size and its walls in thickness, the protoplasra and watery cell-
sap become absorbed or dried up, the tirm cellulose wall alone remaining as a per-
manent fabric, either empty or filled with various organized substances produced or
secreted within it.

192. The principal organized contents of cells are .

sap, the first product of the digestion of the food of plants; it contains the
elements of vegetable growth in a dissolved condition.

sugar, of which there are two kinds, called cane-sugar and grape-sugar. It
usually exists dissolved in the sap. It is found abundantly in growing parts, In
fruits, and in germinating seeds. .
qeztrine, or vegetable mucilage, a gummy substance, between mucilage and
starch.

starch or fecula, one of the most universal aud conspicuous of cell-contents,
and often so abundant in farinaceous roots and seeds as to fill the cell-cavity. It
consists of minute grains call starch-granules, which vary in size and are mark
with more or less conspicuous concentric lines. The chemical constitution of starch
is the same as that o cellulose; it is unaffected’ by cold water, but forms a jelly
with boiling water, and turns blue when tested by iodine.

chlorophyll, very minute granules, containing nitrogen, and coloured green under
the action of sunlight. These granules are most abundant in the layers of cells
immediately below the surface or epidermis of leaves and young bark. The green
colouring matter is soluble in alcohol, and may thus be removed from the granules.

chromule, a name given to a similar colouring-matter when green. .. .

wax, oils, camphor, and resinous matter, are common in cells or in cavities in
the tissues between the cells, also various mineral substances, either in an amor-
phous state or as microscopic crystals, when they are called Raphides.

82. Arrangement of the Elementary Tissues, or Structure of the Organs of Plants.

193. Leaves, young stems, and branches, and most parts of phenogamons plants,
during the first year of their existence consist anatomically o

I, a cellular system, or continuous mass of cellular tissue, which is developed
both vertically as the stem or other parts increase in length, and horizontally of

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XXVII

laterally as they increase in thickness or breadth. It surrounds or is intermixed
With the fibro-vascular system, or it may exist alone in some parts of phenogamous
plants, as well as in cryptogamous ones. .

. 2, a fibro-vascular system, or continuous mass of woody and vascular tissue,
Which is gradually introduced vertically into, and serves to bind together, the
cellular system. It is continued from the stem into the petioles and veins of the
‘Saves, and into the pedicels and: parts of the flowers, and is never wholly wanting
m any phenogamous plant. .

» an epidermis, or outer skin, formed of one or more layers of flattened (hori-
zontal), firmly coherent, and usually empty cells, with either thin and transparent
or thick and Opaque walls. It covers almost all parts of plants exposed to the
outward air, rotecting their tissues from its immediate action, but is wanting in
those parts 0 aquatic plants which are constantly submerged.

194. The epidermis is frequently pierced by minute spaces between the cells,

Stomates, They are oval or mouth-shaped, bordered by lips, formed of two

9r More elastic cells so disposed as to cause the stomate to open in a moist, and to

ose Up in a dry state of the atmosphere. They communicate with intercellular

cavities, and are obviously designed to regulate evaporation and respiration. They
ate chiefly found upon leaves, especially on the under surface. . "

195. When a phenogamous plant has outlived the first season of its growth, the
anatomical structure o its stem or other perennial parts becomes more complicated
ang VE different in the two great classes of phenogamous plants called Exogens
Di ens, which correspond with very few exceptions to the two classes

cotyledons and Monocotyledons (167), founded on the structure of the embryo.

Xogens (Dicotyledons) the woody system is placed in concentric layers between

a central pith (198, 1), and an external separable „bark (198, 5). Jn Endogens

thr cotyledons) the woody system is in separate small bundles or fibres running

int Bh the cellular system without apparent order, and there is usually no dis-

eal pith, nor outer separable bark. . . different organs
of plants a n atomica] structure is also somewhat different in the differen vs

Pants. In the Root, although it is constructed generally on the same plan at
Bae yet the regular or anization, and the difference between Exogens an

READS, is often isguised or obliterated by irregularities of growth, or by the
vetion of large quantities of cellular tissue filled with starch or other substances
* ere is seldom, if ever, any distinct pith, the concentric circles of fibro-
Scular tissue in Exogens are often very indistinct or have no relation to seasons
o7 ih and the epidermis has no stomates. f their growth
the di n the Stem or branches, during the first year or season of their gn by
both erence between Exogens and Endogens is not always very conspicuou A D
leavi there ig a tendency to a circular arrangement of the fibro-vascular syste H
m les the centre either vacant or filled with cellular tissue (pith) only, and a mer
ee distinct outer rind is observable even in several Endogens. More frequen »
its ee the distinction is already very apparent the first season, especially tow ar s

i rant he fibro- vascular bundles in Endogens usually anastomose but, itt e,
Vascu] continuously into the branches and leaves. In Exogens the circle of i M
offsets undles forms a more continuous cylinder of network emitting later:

198 To the branches and leaves. . . f

a an „z genous stem, after the first year of its growth, consists p —
axis iri © pith, a cylinder of cellular tissue, occupying the centre or ongi ad up
and «estem. [tjs active only in young stems or branches, becomes drie *
ditis ped as the wood hardens, and often finally disappears, or 1s scarcely

able in old trees, . .
Spira] y ° medullary sheath, which surrounds and encases the pith. d rp n
and fies (188, 3) and is in direct connexion when young, ic" tons of the
system, ike bon the petioles and veins of leaves, un L other ramifica
9 pith, it gra isappears in o. : .
f S a wood, which lies distet outside the medullary e lant 5
pre Woody tissue (188, 2), through which, in most cases, vessels (188, K
Y disposed are interspersed. It is arranged in annual concentric circ

+

xxviii OUTLINES OF

(211), which usually remain active during several years, but in older stems the
central and older layers become hard, dense, comparatively inactive, and usually
deeper coloured, forming what is called heart-wood or duramen, the outer, younger,
and usually paler-coloured living layers constituting the sapwood or alburnum.

4, the medullary rays, which form vertical plates, originating in the pith, and,
radiating from thence, traverse the wood and terminate in the bark. They are
formed of cellular tissue, keeping up a communication between the living portion
of the centre of the stem and its outer surface. As the heart-wood is formed, the
inner portion of the medullary rays ceases to be active, but they usually may still
be seen in old wood, forming what carpenters call the silver grain. ut

5, the bark, which lies outside the wood, within the epidermis. It is, like the
wood, arranged in annual concentrie circles (211), of which the outer older ones
become dry and hard, forming the corky layer or outer bark, which, as it is dis-
tended by the thickening of the stem, either cracks or is cast off with the epidermis,
which is no longer distinguishable. Within the corky layer is the cellular, or
green, or middle bark, formed of loose thin-walled pulpy cells containing chlorophyll
(192); and which is usually the layer of the preceding season. The innermost and
youngest circle, next the young wood, is the liber or inner bark, formed of long
tough woody tissue called bast-cells. .

199. The endogenous stem, as it grows old, is not marked by the concentric
circles of Exogens. The wood consists of a matriz of cellular tissue irregularly
traversed by vertical cords or bundles of woody and vascular tissue, which are in
connexion with the leaves. These vascular bundles change in structure and direction
as they pass down the stem, losing their vessels, they retain only their bast- or long
wood-cells, usually curving outwards towards the rind. Theold wood becomes more
compact and harder towards the circumference than in the centre. The epidermis
or rind either hardens so as to prevent any increase of diameter in the stem or it dis-
tends, without increasing in thickness or splitting or casting off any outer layers.

200. In the Leaf, the structure of the petioles and principal ribs or veins is the
same as that of the young branches of which they are ramifications. In the ex-
panded portion of the leaf the fibro-vascular system becomes usually very much
ramified, forming the smaller veins. These are surrounded and the interstices fille
up by a copious and very active cellular tissue. The majority of leaves are hori-
zontal, having a differently constructed upper and under surface. The cellular
stratum forming the upper surface consists of closely set cells, placed vertically,
with their smallest ends next the surface, and with few or no stomates in the epl-
dermis. In the stratum forming the under surface, the cells are more or less hort-
zontal, more loosely placed, and have generally empty spaces between them, with
stomates in the epidermis communicating with these intercellular spaces. In ver-
tical leaves (as in a large number of Australian plants) the two surfaces are nearly
similar in structure.

201. When leaves are reduced to scales, acting only as protectors of young buds,
or without taking any apparent part in the economy of vegetable life, their struc-
ture, though still on the same plan, is more simple; their fibro-vascular system is
less ramified, their cellular system more uniform, and there are few or no stomates.

202. Bracts and floral envelopes, when green and much developed, resemble
leaves in their anatomical structure, but in proportion as they are reduced to scales
or transformed into petals, they lose their stomates, and their systems, both fibro-
vascular and cellular, become more simple and uniform, or more slender and delicate.

203. In the stamens and pistils the structure is still nearly the same. The tibro-
vascular system, surrounded by and intermixed with the cellular tissue, is usually
simple in the filaments and style, more or less ramified in the flattened or expand
parts, such as the anther-cases, the walls of the ovary, or capillary leaves, etc. The

llen consists of granular cells variously shaped, marked, or combined, peculiar

orms being constant in the same species, or often in large genera, or even Orders.

The stigmatic portion of the pistil is a mass of loosely cellular substance, destitute
of epidermis, and usually is in communication with the ovary by the channel run-
ning down the centre of the style.

204, Tubers, fleshy thickenings of the stem or other parts of the plant, succulent

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xxix

leaves or branches, the fleshy, woody, or bony parts of fruits, the albumen, and the
thick fleshy parts of embryos, consist chiefly of largely developed cellular tissue,
replete with starch or other substances (192), deposited apparently in most cases
lor the eventual future use of the plant or its parts when recalled into activity at
the approach of a new season. :

205. Hairs (171) are usually expansions or processes of the epidermis, and consist
of one or more cells placed end to end. When thick or hardened into prickles, they
still consist usually of cellular tissue only. Thorns (170) contain more or less of a
fibro-vascular system, according to their degree of development.

206. Glands, in the primary sense of the word (175, 1), consist usually of a rather
ie tales tissue witbout epidermis, and often replete with resinous or other

ces.

8 3. Growth of the Organs.

207. Roots grow in length constantly and regularly at the extremities only of
their fibres, in proportion as they tind the requisite nutriment. They form no buds
containing the germ of future branches, but their fibres proceed irregularly from
any part of their surface without previous indication, and when their growth has

n stopped for a time, either wholly by the close of the season, or partially by
a deficiency of nutriment at any particular spot, it will, on the return of favourable
circumstances, be resumed at the same point, if the growing extremities be unin-
Jured. If during the dead season, or at any other time, the growing extremity 1S
cut off, dried up, or otherwise injured, or stopped by a rock or other obstacle op-
Hie. its progress, lateral fibres will be formed on the stil living portion; thus
wh, g the root as a whole to diverge in any direction, and travel far and wide

aed on by appropriate nutriment. 2 . .
attai - This growth is not however by the successive formation of terminal cells
Te ning at once their full size. The cells first formed on a fibre commencing. or
i TM its growth, will often dry up and form a kind of terminal cap, w ich
> pe on as cells are formed immediately under it; and the new cells, consti-

ng à greater or lesser portion of the ends of the fibres, remain some time in à
hi ^g state before they have attained their full size. | . . "
the ad The roots of Exogens, when perennial, increase 1n thickness like stems y
and i dition of concentric layers, but these are usually much less distinctly marked ;

. n a large number of perennial Exogens and most Endogens the roots:are annual,
perishing at the close of the season, fresh adventitious roots springing from the

V en vegetation commences the following season. ;

. The stem, including its branches and appendages (leaves, floral organs, etc.),
PONE in length by additions to its extremity, but a much greater proportion of the
on mity and branches remains in a growing and expanding state for a much
er time than in the case of the root. At the close of one season, leaf-buds or
iie: m formed, each containing the germ of a braneh or young plant to be pro-

u the following season. Ata very early stage of the development of these
and bef seeds, a commencement may be found of many of the leaves it is to bear i
wh; Dre a leaf unfolds, every leaflet of which it is to consist, every lobe or toot A
it sal to mark its margin, may often be traced in miniature, and thenceforth til

owns its full size, the branch grows and expands in every part. In some cases
vel the lower part of a branch and more rarely (e.g., 1n some Meliacec) t i
of mio f s compound leaf attains its full size before the young leaves or leafle

mity are yet formed. . is

e he perennial stem, if exogenous (198), grows in thickness by the addition
ty Season of a new layer or ring of wood between the outermost preceding layer

€ Inner surface of the bark, and by the formation of a new layer or nk o
an hin the innermost preceding layer and outside the new rin of d ^ 6 vas
its w. E à succession of concentric circles. The sap elaborated by the leaves finds
Fed d 1n à manner not as yet absolutely ascertained, into the cambium regi a
of tender thin-walled cells connecting the wood with the bark, by the ivison
e inn Sement of which new celts (190) are formed. These cells separate in layers,
inner ones constituting the new ring of wood, and the outer ones the new

XXX OUTLINES OF

bark or liber. In most exogenous trees, in temperate climates, the seasons of
growth correspond with the years, and the rings of wood remain sufficiently distinct
to indicate the age of the tree ; but in many tropical and some evergreen trees, two
or more rings of wood are formed in one year. I

212. 1n endogenous perennial stems (199), the new wood or woody fibre is formed
towards the centre of the stem, or irregularly mingled with the old. The stem
consequently either only becomes more dense without increasing in thickness, or
only increases by gradual distension, which is never very considerable. It affords
therefore no certain criterion for judging of the age of the tree.

213. Flowers have generally all their parts formed, or indicated by protuberances ,
or growing cells at a very early stage of the bud. These parts are then usually more
regularly placed than in the fully developed flower. Parts which afterwards unite
are then distinct, many are present in this rudimentary state which are never fur-
ther developed, and parts which are afterwards very unequal or dissimilar are per-
fectly alike at this early period. On this account flowers in this very early stage
are supposed by some modern botanists to be more normal, that is, more in confor-
mity to a supposed type; and the study of the early formation and growth of the
floral organs, called Organogenesis, has been considered essential for the correct ap
preciation of the affinities of plants. In some cases, however, it would appear that
modifications of development, not to be detected in the very young bud, are yet of
great importance in the distinction of large groups of plants, and that Organogenesis,
although it may often assist in clearing up a doubtful point of affinity, cannot
nevertheless be exclusively relied ou in estimating the real value of peculiarities of
structure.

214. The flower is considered as a bud (flower-bud, alabastrum) until the perianth
expands, the period of flowering (anthesis) is that which elapses from the first ex-
panding of the perianth, till the pistil is set or begins to enlarge, or, when it does
not set, until the stamens and pistil wither or fall After that, the enlarged ovary
takes the name of young fruit.

215. At the close of the season of growth, at the same time as the leaf-buds or
seeds are formed containing the germ of future branches or plants, many plants
form also, at or near the bud or seed, large deposits, chiefly of starch. In many
cases, —such as the tubers of a potato or other root-stock, the scales or thickene
base of a bulb, the albumen or the thick cotyledons of a seed—this deposit appears
to be a store of nutriment, which is partially absorbed by the young branch or
plant during its first stage of growth, before the roots are sufficiently developed to
supply it from without. In some cases, however, such as the fleshy thickening of
some stems or peduncles, the pericarps of fruits which perish long before germina-
tion (the first growth of the seed), neither the use nor the cause of these deposits
has as yet been clearly explained.

§ 4. Functions of the Organs.

216. The functions of the Root are,—1. To fix the plant in or to the soil, or other
substance on which it grows, 2. To absorb nourishment from the soil, water, or
air, into which the fibres have penetrated (or from other plants in the case of para-
sites), and to transmit it rapidly to the stem. The absorption takes place through
the young growing extremities of the fibres, and through a peculiar kind of hairs or
absorbing organs which are formed at or near those growing extremities. The
transmission to the stem is through the tissues of the root itself. The nutriment
absorbed consists chiefly of carbonic acid and nitrogen or nitrogenous compoun 8
dissolved in water. 3. In some cases roots secrete or exude small quantities O
matter in a manner and with a purpose not satisfactorily ascertained.

217. The Stem and its branches support the leaves, flowers, and fruit, transmit the
erude sap, or nutriment absorbed by the roots and mixed with previously organized
matter, to the leaves, and retransmit the assimilated or elaborated sap from the leaves
to the growing parts of the plant, to be there used up, or to form deposits for future
use (204). The transmission of the ascending crude sap appears to take place chiefl
through the elongated cells associated with the vascular tissues, passing from one cell
to another by a process but little understood, but known by the name of endosmost.

š

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. Xxx1

218. Leaves are fanctionally the most active of the organs of vegetation. In
them is chiefly conducted digestion or Assimilation, a name given to the process
Which accomplishes the following results :—1. The chemical decomposition of the
oxygenated matter of the sap, the absorption of carbonic acid, and the liberation
of pure oxygen at the ordinary temperature of the air. 2. A counter-operation by
Which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere and carbonic acid is exhaled.
3. The transformation of the residue of the crude sap into the organized substances
Which enter into the composition of the plant. The exhalation of oxygen appears

e place under the influence of solar heat and light, chiefly from the under
Surface of the leaf, and to be in some measure regulated by the stomates ; the ab-
Sorption of oxygen goes on always in the dark, and in the daytime also in certain
cases.. The transformation of the sap is effected within the tissues of the leaf, and
continues probably more or less throughout the active parts of the whole plant.

219. The Floral Organs seldom contribute to the growth of the plant on which

y are produced; their functions are wholly concentrated on the formation of

° seed with the germ of a future plant.

. The Perianth (calyx and corolla) acts in the first instance in protecting the
th ens and pistils during the early stages of their development. When expanded,
A use of the brilliant colours which they often display, of the sweet or strong
in ours they emit, has not been adequately explained. Perhaps they may have great

uence in attracting those insects whose concurrence has been shown in many cases

° necessary for the due transmission of the pollen from the anther to the stigma.

1. The pistil, when stimulated by the action of the pollen, forms and nourishes
Kr young seed. The varied and complicated contrivances by which the pollen is
veyed to the stigma, whether by elastic action of the organs themselves, or with
di assistance of wind, of insects, or other extraneous agents, have been the subject
ao observations and experiments of the most distinguished naturalists,
are yet far from being fully investigated. Their details, however, as far as
53» Would be far too long for the present outline. .
prom he fruit nourishes and protects the seed until its maturity, and then often
CU its dispersion by a great variety of contrivances or apparently collateral
by anuos, €g., by an elastic dehiscence which casts the seed off to a distance;

P y evelopment of a pappus, wings, hooked or other appendages, which allows
by thei carried off by winds, or by animals, etc., to which they may adhere ;

vd small specific gravity, which enables them to float down streams ; by their

ractions to birds, ete., who taking them for food drop them often at great dis-

953° go. Appendages to the seeds themselves also often promote dispersion.
leaves i airs have various functions. The ordinary indumentum (171) of stems and
M Indeed seems to take little part in the economy of the plant besides perhaps
hairs occasional protection against injurious atmospheric influences, but the root-

(216) are active absorbents, the hairs on styles and other parts of flowers

often materially to assist the transmission of pollen, and the exudations of
ayasa hairs (175, 2) are often too copious not to exercise some influence on the
he; qena of vegetation. "The whole question, however, of vegetable exudations and
uence on the economy of vegetable life, is as yet but imperfectly understood.

Cuar. Ly, COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND DETERMINATION OF PLANTS.

fre & Plants can undoubtedly be most easily and satisfactorily examined when
desiray eo oered. But time will rarely admit of this being done, and it is moreover
m e to compare them with other plants previously observed or collected. Pet
for rei therefore, be selected for leisurely observation at home, and preserve
225 Te reference. A collection of such specimens constitutes a Herbarium.
(both o botanical Specimen, to be perfect, should have root, stem, leaves, flowers
always nn and in-bud) and fruit (both young and mature). It is not, powever,
complete. sible to gather such complete specimens, but the collector shou bus a
leaves 555. Fragments, such as leaves without flowers, or flowers without
e3; are of little or Só ub

xxxii OUTLINES OF

226. If the plant is sm.'ll (not exceeding 15 in.) or can be reduced to that length
by folding, the specimen should consist of the whole plant, including the princi
part of the root. If it be too large to preserve the whole, a good flowering branch
should be selected, with the foliage as low down as can be gathered with it; and
one or two of the lower stem-leaves or radical leaves, if any, should be added, so a8
to preserve as much as possible of the peculiar aspect of the plant.

227. The specimens should be taken from healthy uninjured plants of a medium
size. Or if a specimen be gathered because it looks a little different from the
majority of those around it, apparently belonging to the same species, a specimen
of the more prevalent form should be taken from the same locality for comparison.

228. For bringing the specimens home, a light portfolio of pasteboard, covered
with calico or leather, furnished with straps and buckles for closing, and another
for slinging on the shoulder, and containing a few sheets of stout coarse paper, i$
better than the old-fashioned tin box (except, perhaps, for stiff prickly plants and
a few others). The specimens as gathered are placed between the leaves of paper,
and may be crowded tegether if not left long without sorting.

229. If the specimen brought home be not immediately determined when fresh,
but dried for future examination, a note should be taken of the time, place, an
situation in which it was gathered; of the stature, habit, and other particulars relat-
ing to any tree, shrub, or herb of which the specimen is only a portion; of the
kind of root it has; of the colour of the flower; or of any other particulars which
the specimen itself cannot supply, or which may be lost in the process of drying.
These memoranda, whether taken down in the field, or from the living specimen
when brought home, should be written on a label attached to the specimen or pre
served with it.

230. To dry specimens, they are laid flat between several sheets of bibulous
paper, and subjected to pressure. "The paper is subsequently changed at intervals,
until they are dry. '

231. In laying out the specimen, care should be taken to preserve the natural
position of the parts as far as consistent with the laying flat. In general, if the
specimen is fresh and not very slender, it may be simply laid on the lower sheet,
holding it by the stalk and drawing it slightly downwards; then, as the upper
sheet is laid over, if it be slightly drawn downwards as it is pressed down, it i
be found, after a few trials, that the specimen will have retained a natural form
with very little-trouble. Tf the specimen has been gathered loug enough to have
become flaccid, it will require more care in laying the leaves flat and giving the parts
their proper direction. Specimens kept in tin boxes, will also often have taken
unnatural bends which will require to be corrected.

232. If the specimen is very bushy, some branches must be thinned out, buf
always so as to show where they have been. If any part, such as the head of &
thistle, the stem of an Orobanche, or the bulb of a Lily, be very thick, a portion of
what is to be the under side of the specimen may be sliced off. Some thick spe
cimens may be split from top to bottom before drying.

233. If the specimen be succulent or tenacious of life, such as a Sedum or an
Orchis, it may be dipped in boiling water all but the flowers. This will kill the plant
at once, and enable it to be dried rapidly, losing less of its colour or foliage than
would otherwise be the case. Dipping in boiling water is also useful in the case
f Heaths and other plants which are apt to shed their leaves during the process 9
drying.

254. Plants with very delicate corollas may be placed between single leaves of
very thin unglazed tissue-paper. In shifting these plants into dry paper the tissue-
paper is not to be removed, but lifted with its contents on to the dry paper.

235. The number of sheets of paper to be placed between each specimen or sheet
of specimens, will depend, on the one hand, on the thickness and humidity of the
specimens; on the other hand, on the quantity and quality of the paper one has at
command. The more and the better the paper, the less frequenfly will it be neces:
sary to change it, and the sooner the plants willdry. The paper ought to be coarse;
stout, and unsized. Common blotting-paper is much too tender.

236. Care must be taken that the paper used is well dried, If it be likewise hot

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. xxxiii

all the better ; but it must then be very dry; and wet plants put into bot paper
vill require changing very soon, to prevent their turning black, for hot damp with-
out ventilation produces fermentation, and spoils the specimens.

237. For pressing plants, various more or less complicated and costly presses are
made. None is better than a pair of boards the size of the paper, and a stone or
other heavy weight upon them if at home, or a pair of strong leather straps round
them if travelling. Each of these boards should be double, that is, made of two
layers of thin boards, the opposite way of the grain, and j oined together by a row of
clenched brads round the edge, without glue. Such boards, in deal, rather less than
half an inch thick (each layer about 23 lines) will be found light and durable.

238. It is useful also to have extra boards or pasteboards the size of the paper, to
separate thick plants from thin ones, wet ones from those nearly dry, etc. Open
wooden frames with cross-bars, or frames of strong wire-work lattice, are still better
than boards for this purpose, as accelerating the drying by promoting ventilation.

239. The more frequently the plants are shifted into dry paper the better. Ex-
cepting for very stiff or woody plants, the first pressure should be light, and the first
shifting, if possible, after a few hours. Then, or at the second shifting, when the
"ier will have lost their elasticity, will be the time for putting right any part
of a specimen which may have taken a wrong fold or a bad direction. Afterthis the
pressure may be gradually increased, and the plants left from one to several days
Without shifting. The exact amount of pressure to be given will depend on the
consistence of the specimens, and the amount of paper. It must only be borne 1n
mat that too much pressure crushes the delicate parts, too little allows them to

pe in both cases interfering with their future examination. .
Pied The most convenient specimens will be made, if the drying-paper 18 the same
"astan that of the herbarium in which they are to be kept. That of writing demy,

er more than 16 inches by 10} inches, is a common and very convenient size.
ü size reduces the specimens too much, a large size is both costly and inconve-
ent for use, ;

s When the specimens are quite dry and stiff, they may be packed up in
bibul es with a single sheet of paper between each layer, and this paper need not be

ous. The specimens may be placed very closely on the sheets, but not in more
suffi one layer on each sheet, and care must be taken to protect the bundles by
cient covering from the effects of external moisture or the attacks of insects.

ever be n Ying the specimens into the herbarium, no more than one species shoul

soften ae examine or dissect flowers or fruits in dried specimens it is necessary to
irai gei If the parts are very delicate, this is best done by gradually mois-
Z them in cold water; in most cases, steeping them in boiling water or In
is much quicker. Very hard fruits and seeds will require boiling to be able to

`. For dissecting and examining flowers in the field, all that is necessary isa
ms iti and a pocket-lens of two or three glasses from 1 to 2 inches focus, At
stage h is more convenient to have a mounted lens or simple microscope,

ma "it a handle; the other should have a pointed blade, with a sharp edge, to
except. ean sections across the ovary. A compound microscope 18 rarely necessary,
lenseg oF cryptogamic botany and vegetable anatomy. For the simple microscope,

24 . B |
longs, L9 assist the student in determining or ascertaining the name of a plant be

gmg to a Flo i d to the Orders, Genera, and
Species, ra, analytical tables should be prefixo l to tbo ander each bracket,

e) alternatives as nearly as possible

each alternative referring to another

XXXIV OUTLINES OF

dent having a plant to determine, will first take the general table of Natural Orders,
and examining his plant at each step to see which alternative agrees with it, will be
led on to the Order to which it belongs, he will then compare it with the detailed -
character of the Order given in the text. If it agrees, he will follow the same course
with the table of the genera of that Order, and again with the table of species of
the genus. But in each case, if he finds that his plant does not agree with the
detailed description of the genus or species to which he hasthus been referred, he
must revert to the beginning and carefully go through every step of the investiga-
tion before he can be satisfied. A fresh examination of his specimen, or of others
of the same plant, a critical consideration of the meaning of every expression in the
characters given, may lead him to detect some minute point overlooked or mistaken,
and put him into the right way. Species vary within limits which it is often very
difficult to express in words, and it proves often impossible, in framing these analy-,
tical tables, so to divide the genera and species, that those which come under one
alternative should absolutely exclude the others. In such doubtful cases both alter-
natives must be tried before the student can come to the conclusion that his plant
is not contained in the Flora, or that it is erroneously described.

246. In those Floras where analytical tables are not given, the student is usually
guided to the most important or prominent characters of each genus or species,
either by a general summary prefixed to the genera of an Order or to the species
of the genus, for all such genera or species; or by a special summary immediately
preceding the detailed description of each genus or species. In the latter case this
summary is called a diagnosis. Or sometimes the important characters are only
indicated by italicizing them in the detailed description.

247. It may also happen that the specimen gathered’ may present some occasional
or accidental anomalies peculiar to that single one, or to a very few individuals,
which may prevent the species from being at once recognised by its technical
characters. It may be useful here to point out a few of these anomalies which the
botanist may be most likely to meet with. For this purpose we may divide them
into two classes, viz. :

_ (1.) Aberrations from the ordinary type or appearance of a species for which some
general cause may be assigned.

A bright, light, and open situation, particularly at considerable elevations above
the sea, or at igh latitudes, without too much wet or drought, tends to increase
the size and heighten the colour of flowers, in proportion to the stature and foliage
of the plant.

. Shade, on the contrary, especially if accompanied by richness of soil and suffi-
cient moisture, tends to increase the foliage and draw up the stem, but to dimi-
nish the number, size, and colour of the flowers.

A hot climate and dry situation tend to increase the hairs, prickles, and other
productions of the epidermis, to shorten and stiffen the branches, rendering thorny
plants yet more spinous. Moisture in a rich soil has a contrary effect.

The neighbourhood of the sea, or a saline soil or atmosphere, imparts a thicker
and more succulent consistence to the foliage and almost every part of the plant,
and appears not unfrequently to enable plants usually annual to live through the
winter. Flowers in a maritime variety are often much fewer, but not smaller.

The luxuriance of plants growing in a rich soil, and the dwarf stunted character
of those crowded in poor soils, are too well known to need particularizing. It is
also an everyday observation how gradually the specimens of a species become dwarf
and stunted as we advance into the cold damp regions of the summits of high moun-
tain-ranges, or into high northern latitudes; and yet it is frequently from the want
of attention to these circumstances that numbers of false species have been added
to our Enumerations and Floras. Luxuriance entails not only increase of size to
the whole plant, or of particular parts, but increase of number in branches, in
leaves, or leaflets of a compound leaf; or it may diminish the hairiness of the
plant, induce thorns to grow out into branches, ete. .

Capsules which, while growing, lie close upon the ground, will often become
larger, more succulent, and less readily dehiscent, than those which are not so ex-
posed to the moisture of the soil.

ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XXXV

Herbs eaten down by sheep or cattle, or crushed underfoot, or otherwise checked
intheir growth, or trees or shrubs cut down to the ground, if then exposed to
feroatitle circumstances of soil and climate, will send up luxuriant side-shoots,
often so different in the form of their leaves, in their ramification and inflorescence,
as to be scarcely recognisable for the same species. . .

Annuals which have germinated in spring, and flowered without check, will often
be very different in aspect from individuals of the same species, which, having ger-
minated later, are stopped by summer droughts or the approach of winter, and
only lower the following season upon a second growth. The latter have often
been mistaken for perennials.

Hybrids, or crosses between two distinct species, come under the same category
of anomalous specimens from a known cause. Frequent as they are in gardens,
where they are artificially produced, they are probably rare in nature, although on
this subject there is much diversity of opinion, some believing them to be very
frequent, others almost denying their existence. Absolute proof of the origin of a
plant found wild, is of course impossible ; but it is pretty generally agreed that the
following particulars must always co-exist in a wild hybrid. It partakes of the cha-
Tacters of its two parents; it is to be found isolated, or almost isolated, in places where
the two parents are abundant ; if there are two or three, they will generally be dis-
similar from each other, one partaking more of one parent, another of the other; it
seldom ripens good seed; it will never be found where one of the parents grows alone.

Where two supposed species grow together, intermixed with numerous iuter-
Mediates bearing good seed, and passing more or less gradually from the one to the
other, it may generally be concluded that the whole are mere varieties of one species.

he beginner, however, must be very cautious not to set down a specimen as inter-
mediate between two species, because it appears to be so, in some, even the most
striking characters, such as stature and foliage. Extreme varieties of one species
are connected together by transitions in all their characters, but these transitions are
not all observable in the same specimens. The observation of a single intermediate
is therefore of little value, unless it be one link in a long series of intermediate forms,
and, when met with, should lead to the search for the other connecting links.
$ Us Accidental aberrations from the ordinary type, that is, those of which the cause 18

"own.

These require the more attention, as they may sometimes lead the beginner far
astray in his search for the genus, whilst the aberrations above mentioned, as
reducible more or less to general laws, affect chiefly the distinction of species.

Almost all species with coloured flowers are liable to occur occasionally wit
em all white,

any may be found even in a wild state with double flowers, that is, with a

Multiplication of petals.

nts which have usually conspicuous petals will occasionally appear without
any at all, either to the flowers produced at particular seasons, or to all the flowers
of individual plants, or the petals may be reduced to narrow slips. less of
,OWers usually very irregular, may, on certain individuals, lose more or "es a
err irregularity, or appear in some very different shape. Spurs, tor instance, may
Dpear, or be produced on all instead of one only of the petals. ber of
ne part may be occasionally added to, or subtracted from, the usual numbe
Pos in each floral whorl, more especially in regular polypetalous flowers. hrodite,
oh ants usually monccious or dicecious may become occasionally hermap bortion
of tna aphrodite plants may produce occasionally unisexual flowers by the a
€ stamens or of the pistils. . tted where
they 4.55 cut or divided where they are usually entire, variegated or spo t those
ey are usually of one colour, or the reverse, must also be classed amongs t mis-
dental aberrations which the botanist must always be on his guard agains
for specific distinctions,

XXXV1

INDEX OF TERMS,

OR GLOSSARY.

The figures refer to the Paragraphs of the Outlines.

Par. Par.
Aberrations . . . . 247|Apetalous . . 85
Abortive . . . . 84 Apex . 36, 47, 115
Abruptly pinnate . 43 | Apiculate — with a little
Accessory organs . . 168| point.
Accrescent = increasing Apocarpous . . . 125
in size after expansion Aquatic = growing in
‘of the flower. water . . . . . 14
Acicular . . - + 54|Arboreous or arbores-
Achene . . - . 158| cent plants . . . 12
Aculeate . e + . 170} Aril, arillus . . 164
Acuminate, acumen . 47 Arillate (having an aril) 164
Acute. . . . . + 47\Aristate . . . . 47
Adherent. . . 140,145 | Article, articulate, arti-
Adnate . . 63, 145| culation . 54
Adnate anther . . . 114 | Artificial divisions and
Adventitious 17,19| characters . . . 184
Aerial= growing in the Ascending. . . 28
air. Asepalous 85
ZEstivation . . 102 | Assimilation . . . 218
Aggregate fruit . . . 147 | Auricle . . 49
Alabastrum (bud) . . 214 | Auriculate— having au-
Ale (wings). 37, 155| rides . . . 50
Alate = having wings. Axil, axillary . 17
Albumen, albuminous . 162 | Axile (in the axis) . . 132
Alburnum 198
Alliances . . . . 182 | Bark . . + . 198
Alternate . . 32, 90 | Barren . , 85, 110
Amentum=catkin . . 76| Base . . . 36, 48, 115
Amphitropous - + 134 | Bast-cells. . . . . 198
Amplexicaul . 5. 37|Berry. ... . 157
Amygdaloid — almond- Bi- (2 in composition) . 44
like. Biearpellary . . . 125
Amyloid . . 192 | Bidentate . . . 44
Anastomose . 40 | Biennials . . . 12
Anatropous . 134 |Bifid . . + , . 44
Androgynous . . 87 | Bifoliolate . 44
Angiospermous . . . 161 Bijugate . . 44
Anisomerous . . 94 Bilabiate (two- lipped) ` 102,
Annuals . 12 105
Anterior . 91 | Bilocular . - + . 126
Anther . 109, 114 | Bipinnate . . . . 48
Anthesis (flowering pe- Bisexual . . . . 85
rod) . . . . . 214 | Biternate . . . 44

Par.
Blade. . . . 35
Bracts, bractze 60, 77, 202
Bracteate = having bracts.
Bracteoles . . . .
Bristles, bristly . . . 178
Bud . . 16

Bub . . . . . . 26
Bush. . . . . . 12
Caducous = very early
deciduous.
Cespitose = tufted 28
Callous = hardened and
usually thickened.
Calycule, calyculate . 80
Calyx. 15, 90, 96
Cambium region . . , 211
Campanulate. . . 104
Campylotropous. . . 134
Canescent . ; . . 178
Capillary = hair- like . 54
Capitate . . . . 74
Capsule . . 158
Carpel . . . 16, 123
Carpophore . 146
Cartilaginous — of ‘the
consistence of carti-
lage or of parchment.
Caruncule, carunculate 164
Caryopsis . . 160
Catkins 76
Cauline (on the stem) . 38
Caulocarpe . . . . 12
Cells (elementary) . 186
Cells (of anthers) . . 109
Cells (of the ovary) . . 121
Cellular system . . . 198
Cellular tissue . . 188
Cellulose . . . . . 191
Centrifugal . . . 72
Centripetal . . . 72
Chaff. . . 82
Chalaza . . 133

Chartaceous. . . . 55
Chlorophyll . 192
Chromule. . . 192
Ciliate e. 39
Ciliolate = ‘minutely ciliate.
umsciss . . 158
dina =tendril . . 169
Class . . 182
Claw (of a petal) . . 107
Climbing stem . . . 29
Coats of the ovule . . 133
Coats of the seed - . 163
Coccus . . .-. 159
Coherent. . . 145
Collateral —i inserted one
bythesideof the other.

llection of specimens
Coma. ,
Common petiole.
Complete flower .
Compound leaf .

mpound flower
Compound fruit .

mpound ovary
Compound umbel

l 74
ompressed š . 54
Conduplicate . 166
Gone... ` . 160
erruminate , .
nfluent , . 117
Conical , . . . 54
nnate , : 145
ünecti ve, eonneetivum 109
nnivent . 5. . 145
Ç ntorted, convolute . 102
Ontortuplicate . 166
Cordate e. 1
Cordiform ; 2 | l $9
Coriaceous ~ . 55
rky layer , | ` Í 198
Corolla "15 So. 27

Corueate (crumpled) .
os “ew , corymbose
quon, cotton
Cotyledong 7:
Creeping ,
Crate crenulate .

b * ° E .

` . .15,90,97

pent a crest-

GLOSSARY OF TERMS. xxxvii

Par. Par.

Cupular (cup-shaped) . 136 | Echinate . . . . . 178

Cuspidate . 47 | Elaborated sap . 217
Cylindrical . . . . 54 | Elementary cells and tis-

Cyme, cymose . . + 74| sues. .- . . 186

Eliptieal . . . . . 45

Deca- or decem- (10 in Emarginate . . . . 47

composition) . 44, 99| Embryo . . . 162, 166

Deciduous calyx . 152|Endocarp . . + » 157
Decompound. . . . 493|Endogens endogenous

Decumbent . . + . 28
Decurrent . . + .
Decussate. . + . . 82
Definite, . . . + +

plants . . . . . 19

Endogenous stem.
Endosmose. . ..
Ennea- (9 in , composi-

. 199

Definitions . (p. i tio). . + + 92
Dehiscence, dehiscent 118, 156| Entire . . . . . + 39
Deltód . . . . . 45|Epicalyx . . . + + 80
Dentate . . . . ...89|Epicarp . . + . + 157
Depressed . . . , 54|Epidermis. . . 178, 193
Descriptive Botany . (p.i.)|Epigynous. . e > + 140
Determinate . . 67 | Epigynous disk . 144
Determination of plants 245 | Epiphyte . . + + + 14
Dextrine. . . . .192|Eret . EP 28
Di- (2 in composition). 92 Exalbuminous (without
Diadelphous . . . . 113| albumen)

Diagnosis . . . . 246 | Examination of plants . 243
Dialypetalous . .. . 100 | Exogens, exogenous
Diandrous . 93| plants . . . °.
Diehlamydeous . . . 85 |Exogenous stem . + . 198
Dichotomous . . . 83/Exserted . . 113
Diclinous. . . . . 86 | Exstipulate = without
Dicotyledonous plants . 167| stipules.

Didymous .. . ` 54|Extrorse . + + + .118
Didynamous . ... . 113

Diffuse . . . . . 28|Faleate. . + + 45
Digitate . . . . . 41|Families 181
Digynous . . . . 93,125 | Farinose . . . 173
Dimerous. . . 93 | Fascicled, fasciculate 32
Dimidiate. . . 117 | Fastigiate . + + + ° 74
Diecious . . + . . 86} Fecula . . + . 192
Dipetalous . . + . 93 Female. . + + = 85
Disepalous . . . . 93|Ferile. . + + + + 85
Disk . . . . . .136j|Fibe . + + + + ° 18
Dissepiment . . . 126 | Fibrous root . . 20
Dissected. . . . . 89 | Fibro-vascular system . 193
Distichous . . 32| Filament . . 109
Distinct 145 | Filiform = thread- ‘like.
Divarieate . . . 115 | Fimbriate = fringed.

Diverging,divergent, 115, 145
Divided. . 39
Dorsal = on the back.

Double flowers . . . 97
Down, downy . 173
Drupe . . . 157
Dry fruits. . . 158
Ducts . . . . . .188
Duramen . e . . 198
Ear. . . + - + 76

Flabelliform — fan- shaped 5

Fleshy .

Floccose .

Floral envelope . +
Floral leaves. -
Flowers . 15, 84, 213,
Flowering plants
Felinooona = leaf-like.
Follicle. + + + + °
Foramen . + + + >
Forked . . .

219
10

PRON SSE eee

xxxviii

Par.

Foveolate. . . . . 105

Free 89, 132, 140, 145
Fruit . . . 15, 146, 222
Frutescent, fruticose . 12
Function . . . 7
Funicle (funiculus) . . 164
Funnel-shaped . 104
Furrowed . . . 178

Fusiform — spindle-

shaped ... . 54

Gamopetalous .
Geminate. . . . . 32
Genus, genera

Germ, germination . .
Gibbous . . . . .
Glabrate . . . + +

Glabreseent . . . . 178
Glabrous . . 173
Glands. . 175, 206
Glandular- setose . . 178

Glaucescent . . .
Glaucous . . e;
Globose, globular . . 54
Glochidiate
Glume. . + . . . 83
Glutinous. . .

Grain. . + .

Gymnospermous. .
Gynobasis, gynophore . 143
Habit. . . . . .183
Hairs . . 171, 205, 223
Hastate . . + . . 50
Head. . . . . . 44
Heart-wood . . 198
Hepta- (7 in composition) 92
Herbaceous perennials. 12
Herbarium . . . . 224
Hermaphrodite . . . 85
Heterogamous . . 87
Hexa-(6 in composition) 92
Hilam . . . . . 165

Hirsute . . . 173
Hispid eo. 178
Hoary. . (0. 173

Homogamous. . . . 87
Hooks. . ..
Hybernaculum . . . 23

Hybrids . . 247

Hypocrateriform (salver-
shaped) . 104

Hypogynous . . 140

Imbrieate, imbricated 58, 102
Imparipinnte . . . 43
Imperfect. . . . . 84
Incomplete . . . . 84

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Indefinite. . . . . 92
Indehiseent. . . .

Indeterminate . . . 67
Indumentum . . . 171
Induplicate . 102
Inferior 140
Inferior radicle . 167
Inflorescence. . . 66
Infundibuliform (funnel-
shaped). . . . . 104
Innate anther . 114
Insertion . . . 140

Internode. . . . . 81

Interrupted spike or ra-
ceme . . . . 75
Introrse . . . . 118

Involucre, involucel . 79
Involute . . . + +
Irregular. . . . . 95
Isomerous . . . . 89

Joint, joining . . 54
Jugum, juga— pairs . 44

Kernel . + ...
Knob ..... . . . 25

Labellum... . .
Laciniate... . . . 89
Lamina. 35, 107
Lannate= woolly P
Lanceolate ... . . 45

Par

Mesocarp . . . . . 157

| Micropyle . . . . 165
Midrib. . . . . . 40

Monadelphous . . 113

Monandrous . 112

Moniliform . . . . 54
Mono- (1 in composi-
tion). . . . 92
Monocarpellary .
Monocarpic . . . . 12
Monochlamydeous . . 85
Monocotyledonous plants 1 67

Monecious . . + +

Monogynous . 125
Monopetalous. . . . 100
Morphology . . 8,88

Mucronate . . . . 47
Multi- (many, or an in-
definite number, in

composition) . . . 44
Muricate . . 173
Naked . 85, 161
Natural divisions and

characters . . . . 184
Natural Order . . 181
Navicular = boat-sh apod.
Nectary + + +
Nerve . . . + + «* P^

Net-veined . . . . 40
Neuter. . . . . . 85
Node . . . . . 91

Lateral . . 91| Novem- (9 in composi

Leaf, leaves 15, 35, 200, 218| tion). . . 44
Leaf-bud . . . . 16 | Nucleus of a cell . 191
Leaflet . . . . . 899|Nucleus of the ovule . 133
Leaf-opposed . . . 67|Nut. . . . . . . 158

Legume . 160
Lepidote . . . . 172
Liber . . . 198, 211

Ligulate— strap- shaped.

Limb . 104
Linear . 45, 54
Lip, lipped . 105

Lobe, lobed . . . . 39
Loculicidal
Lower . . . . 91
Lunate = crescent. shaped.

Lyrate. . . . . . Al

Obcompressed . . . 94
Obeonieal . . . . . 54
Obcordate. . . . . 47
Oblate. . . . . . 45
Oblong .
Obovate . . . . . 45
Obovid . . . . . 94
Obpyramidal . . . . 54
Obtuse. . . . . . 47
Oct- or octo- (8 in com-
position) . . .44, 92

Offset . . . .. . 28
Male - + . 85 Opposite . . . . . 82
Marcescent - . 151 Orbiular . . . . . 45
Mealy . . . + + 173 Order . . . .181
Medullary rays and Organ . . e. ed
sheath . . . . . 198 Organogenesis . 218
Membranous . 5 | Organs of vegetation and
Meniscoid=in the form reproduction . . .
of a watch-glass. Orthotropous . . . 134

Par.
Oval . 45
Omary ; 121
vate . . . 45
Ovoid . . 54
Ovule. , . 121, 133
Pda... 105
Palea, paler . 82

aleaceous — of a chaffy
consistence,

Palmate . . 41, 42
Palmatifid, palmatisect 42

Panicle, aniculat
ee, en. DIM
appus. , .
Parallel veins , Mo
site 14
Parenchyma . . 188
Parietal , , | . 0.132
Patelliform = saucer-
Shaped,
Pectinate , . 41
Pete... 41, 42
Pelt, pedatisect, 49

. 70
Bawa =o T
` sanan on a pedicel
equnculate = = -
oa on a m
Peltate .

68

Penicillate , i : ' 190
i" (bin composition) 92
Perennial ` : ; "13
erfect, flow.
Perfoliate a 37
perennials , e... 12
petianth - 15, 98, 202, 220
eal . . .. : 154
erigynoug . 140
erisperm . 162
Persistent. 146
ersonate . 105
Petal |
Petiole e. 35
Petiolule ` 59
nogamous, phanero.
pinous . 10
P alange . 113
hyllaries ` 79
hyllodium = a flat pe-
ie With no blade.
ear ' Se . 178
Finnate : ` £ p
Pu 18? i 42
Pitilate ` j boe 208, tes

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par. Par.
Pith . . . 198 | Resupinate . 105
Placenta, placentation . 131 | Retieulate . . 40
Plant . . . . . . 6 Reuse. . . . + . 47
Plicate . 102 | Revolute . 102
Plumose . 172 | Rhachis. 39, 68
Plumule . . . 166| Rhaphe. . 184
Pluri- = several, in com- Rhizome . . . 21, 24
position. Rhomboidal 45
Plurilocular . . 126 | Ribs. 40
Pod . . 158 | Ribbed . 173
Podocarp . . . 120 | Ringent. . . 105
Pollen . 109, 119 | Root . 15, 18, 196, 207, 216
Poly- (many, or an in- Root-stock . . 94
definite number, in Rostrate — beaked.
composition) . 92|Rosulate 38
Polyadelphous . 118 | Rotate . 104
Polyandrous 92, 112 | Rudimentary . 84
Polygamous . . 86 | Rugose . 173
Polygynous 92, 125 | Runcinate . 41
Polypetalous . . 100 | Runner. 30
Pome . 160
Posterior 91 | Saceate . 105
Preefoliation . 57 |Sagittate 50
Preservation of specimens 224 | Salver-shaped. 104
Prickles . . . . .170|Samara. 158
Primine 133|Sap . + + + 192
Procumbent, 98 | Sapwood 198
Proliferous 17 | Sarcocarp . . 157
Prosenchyma . 188 | Sarmentose 28
Prostrate . . 28|Scabrous . . . . . 173
Protoplasm . . 191|Scales. 58, 59, 172, 201
Pubescent, puberulent . 173 | Scaly bulb. . . 26
Pulvinate (cushion- Scaly surface . 172
shaped) . . . 136 | Scape 69
Punctiform = like a point Scariose, scarious. 55
or dot. Seattered . 32
Putamen . . 157|Seion | o.e.’ 30
Pyramidal . 54 | Scorpioid cyme . . . 74
Pyrenes 157 | Section . . . . 182
Secund . 32
Quadri- (4 in compost Secundine . 133
tion) . . . 44 | Seed ° 161
Quincuncial . 102 | Segment 39
Quinque- (5 in composi- Sepals . . 90
tion) . . . . 44 Septem (7 in composi- m"
uintuplinerved . 40 tion PD
° P Septicidal . . 158
Race . . . . . . 178 | Beptum — partition . 126
Raceme, racemose . 44 | Serrate, serrulate . 39
Rachis . 39, 68 | Sessile. . . 37
Radical . . 98 | Seta, setze (bristles) . . 173
Radicle . 166 | Setaceous erste ie)” 54
Raphe . . 134 | Setose (bearing bristles) 173
Raphides . . 192 | Sex- (6 in composition) 44
Receptacle . 74, 135 | Sheathing . + + 37
Reduplicate 102|Shrubs. . + - 12
Regular 95 | Silicule, siliqua 160
Reniform . 51 | Silver grain . 198

xl

Par.
Simple. . . . . . 39
Sinuate. . + + . . 39
Sinus... . 39
Smooth. . 173
Spadix. . 76
Spatha . 81
Spathulate . 45
Species . . 177
Specimen . 225
Spherical . à 54
Spike, spicate "m 74
Spikelet . . 76
Spinous. . . 170
Spiral vessels . 188
Spur, spurred . 105
Squame=scales. . 58
Squarrse . . . . . 58
Stamens 15, 90, 108, 203
Staminate . . . . 85
Staminoda . . . 110
Starch. . . . . .192

Stellate . . + + .
Stellate hairs . . . 172
Stem 15, 28, 197, 210, 217
Stem- -clasping » + 5. 87
Sterile. . . .
Stigma . . ..
Stipella .

Stipes, stipitate. . 65
Stipulate = with stipules.

Stipules . . . . 63
Stock. . . f 16, 22
Stole, stolon . 23, 30
Stomates. . . . . 194
Stone, stone-fruit 157
Striate e. . 173
Strigose, strigillose . 173

Strobiliform = in the
form of a fir-cone.
Strophiole, strophiolate 164
Style . . . . . . 121
Sub — almost, or under,
in composition.
Subclass, suborder . . 182
Submerged = under water.
Subulate . + . .
Succulent .

Succulent fruits. . . 157
Sucker . . 80
Suffrutescent, suffruti-
cose. . + we 12
Sugar. . . . . 192

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par.

Sueate . . . . . 173
Superior . . . . 140
Superior radicle . . 167

Superposed — inserted

one above the other.
Suture. . . . . . 159
Symmetrical, . . . 89
Synandrous . . . . 112
Syncarpous . . 125

Syngenesious. . 113

Systematic Botany (p. xxiv.)
Taproot . . 20
Teeth . 39, 101
Temen . . . . 163
Tendril . . . .29,169
j|Terte. . . . . . 54
Ternate . 82, 41

Terrestrial — growing on

the earth . . . . 14
Testa. . . . . . 163
Tetra- (4 in composition) 92

Tetradynamous . . . 113
Thons . . . . . 170
Thrat. . . . 104
Thyrsus, thyrsoid 74

Tissues (elementary) . 186
Tomentose . . . .

Toothed . . .

Tordlose . . . . 54
Tous. . . . . . 185
Tres . . . 12
Tri- (3 in composition) 44, 92
Tribe . . 182
Trichotomous 33
Triid. . . . . 41
Trifoliolate . . 41
Trigonus . . . . 54
Tripinnate . . . . 43
Tripinerved . . . . 40
Triquetrous . . . . 54
Tristichous . . . 32
Truncate , . 47
Trunk. . 12
Tube 101, 104

Tuber, tuberous, 20, 25, 204

Tuberculate . 173
Tubular . . . 104
Tufted . . e. 28
Tunicated bulb m 27

Turbinate = top-shaped 54

` Par.
Twier. . + + à 29
Twisted . . 102
Type, typical . 181
Umbel, umbellate, um-
bellule 33, 74
Umbilicate . 178
Umbonate . 178
Uncinate — hooked.
Undershrubs . 12
Undulate . . 39
Unequally pinnate . 43
Unguieulate . 107
Unguis (claw) 107
Uni- (1 in composition) 44
Unilateral (one - sided)
racemes . . 74
Unilocular e; 126
Unisexual . . . 86
Unsymmetrical . . 94
Upper. . . . . 91
Urceolate.. . . 104
Utride . . . . . 158
Valvate . + . . 102
Valves. . . 158
Variety . . . . . 178
Vascular tissue . . . 188
Vegetable Anatomy . Š, 186
Vegetable Chemistry 8
Vegetable Homology or
Metamorphosis . 88
Vegetable Physiology 8, 207
Veins, veinlets, venation 40
Vernation. . . . . 57
Versatile anther . 114
Verticil, vertieily . . 382
Vessels . e 188
Virgate = twiggy . 28
Viscid, viscous . . . 173
Vitta, vittæ 175
Viviparous 17
Voluble . ... 29
Wart, warted | . 173
Wavy... . 39

Whorl, whorled. . . 32

Wing, winged 37, 155
Wood . . . 198
Woody tissue. 188

Wool, woolly. . .

FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.

——

Thomson.)
By Hooker f, &
On L RANUNCULACEÆ. . (

: ical or alternate

: hrubs Leaves radical o rarely

was il" Sgr ana ily

Reporte " egular or irregular, 1-2-sexual, "rarely 2-4, deciduous

in lv een it Peonia). Sepals 5 or more, alvate in Clematis).

beans in Pe c ) often petaloid, imbricate wa minute or de-

Ramis ors 5 or more, hypogynous, imbri adnate and dehiscing raed
' Stam s; anthers usually t . ovules one

eds els usually een S 8 1-celled ; qu aged le: or pendulous

mare on the veural suture, anatropous, erect à d achenes, or many-seeded
mith a dorsal raphe. Fui of numerous 1-seede ious; embryo minute.

follicles, rarely d berry. Seed small, albumen copious ;

: . 0, known species
TRIB. Abundant in temperate and cold regions ; genera 90,
about 300,

osite.
Sox hrubs. Leaves o Le of
- Erect or climbing s dulous. Fru
Seal parue na tideeo Carpels 1-ovuled; ovule pen
y achenes, 1. GERMANIR
Peds rep treo h mem
Asmany, linear 22222211; dical or alternate. Sepals
ea, it of many
» Herbs, Leaves radi us. Fruit o
d i Anem "Qurpels l-ovuled ; ovule pendulo
achenes,

3. ANEMONE.
TE ` UM.
Petals 0, flowers involucrate . . . .. EV A ENUM.
Petals 0, flowers not involucrate . . , . i., 2.2... B A pom,
Petals 5-15, with à nectariferous pit Se 6 AD
*tals 5-16, with no nectariferous pit . . . . Sepals
: ernate,
Tam IT] Ranunculew. Herbs. Leaves qid alterna of many
herbaceous, “imbricate, Carpels 1-ovuled ; ovules
achenes, 7, RANUNCULUS,
e... , PHIS.
Sepals 3-5, deciduous, petals usually 5. . . . Dolo... 8. OXYGRA
pals 5 Persistent, petals 10-15, . . . .

= Leaves alternate.
gam E IV. Hellebores. Herbs or undershrabe, - y-ovuled
S } petaloid or herbaceous, imbricate. Carpe ral, many-ovu
rut o

l or more follicles (berried in Actæa), B
VOL, L

2 I. RANUNCULACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

Flowers regular solitary or panicled.

Petals 0, leaves undivided VENDI 9. CALTHA.
Petals 0, leaves palmately divided . . . . . . . . . 10. CaraATHODES.
Petals small, carpels long-stalked. . . . . . . . + . 12. Corris.
Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers yellow . . . . . . 11. TROLLIUS.
Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers white . . . . . . 13. IsopyruM.
Petals as large as the sepals, all spurred . . . . . . . 14. AQUILEGIA.
Flowers regular racemed.
Carpel solitary, berried when ripe. . . . . + . . . IT. Acrza.
Carpels 4-8, follicular when ripe. . . . . . . + . . 18. CimiciruGa.
Flowers irregular.
Posterior sepal spurred . . . . + + . + < + + + + 15. DELPHINIUM.
Posterior sepal vaulted , . . . . . . + + . . . . 16. Aconitum.

TRIBE V. Peeonies. Herbs or undershrubs. Sepals herbaceous, imbri-
cate. Carpels several, several-ovuled, girt by a fleshy disk. Fruit of coria-
ceous few-seeded follicles.

19. Ponta.
1l. CLEMATIS, Linn.

Woody, usually climbing undershrubs. Leaves opposite, usually com-
pound, exstipulate, petioles often twining. Inflorescence axillary or terminal.
Sepals usually 4, (to 8) petaloid, valvate. Petals 0. Stamens many.
Carpels many, each with 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit a head of sessile or
stalked achenes, with long feathery styles, except in Sect. Viticella.—
DisrRIB. All temperate climates, rarer in the tropics ; species about 100.

Sect. I. Viticella, DC. <Achenes beaked, without feathery styles.

‘1. C. Cadmia, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4669; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 5; ©.
sulcata, Wall, Cat. 4667. Thalictrum bracteatum, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 671.

E. Bexaar in tropical jungles, and along the base of the HiwALAYA, from the Kosi
to Assam. Birma, Griffith.

A slender subherbaceous climber. Leaves 3-nately decompound; leaflets 1-2 in.
ovate-oblong, glabrous, base oblique or cordate. lowers axillary, solitary ; peduncle
long, with two leafy bracts about the middle. Sepals 5 to 6, 2 to 1 in. spreading,

linear-oblong, blue. Achenes many, large, broadly ovate, beak long straight, young
silky.

. Secr. IL Cheiropsis, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. Flowers
in axillary fascicles; pedicels 1-fld.

2. C. Napaulensis, DC. Syst..i. 164; leaves ternately divided, pedicels
with 2 connate bracts at or near the middle. H. f. & 7' Fl. Ind. 6;
Wall, Cat. 4680. C. montana, Don Prodr. 192 (not of others).

TEMPERATE HrMALAYA from Garwhal to Bhotar.

A slender nearly glabrous climber. Leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes
very narrow, entire toothed or 3-lobed, 3-nerved, lateral oblique. Flowers many,
pedicels shorter than the leaves; bracts forming a 2-lipped cup, in which the bud is
sessile. Sepals 4, oblong, silky outside. Filaments glabrous, tapering from a broad
flat base ; anthers short. — Achenes flat, margined, hairy.

3. C. montana, Ham. ex DC. Syst. i. 164; leaves ternately divided,
pedicels naked, stamens glabrous. all. Pl. As. Rar. iii, t. 217; H. J:
& T. Fl. Ind. 5. C. Punduana, Wall. Cat. 4862. C. anemoniflora, Don
Prodr. 192 ; Anemone curta, Wall. Cat. 4690.

Clematis] — Y. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 3

Temperate HIMALAYA from the Indus to the Bramaputra, ascending to 12,000 ft.,
always above 8500 ft. in Sikkim. Kuasia HILLS above 4000 ft.

A woody climber, glabrous or silky. Leaves fascicled at the nodes; leaflets ovate,
toothed or incised, usually acute. Flowers 2 to 4 in. diam., often scented, white
or pinkish or yellowish ; pedicels exceeding the leaves. Sepals 4, elliptic, acute or
obtuse, glabrous or silky ontside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short. Achenes
flat, glabrous; receptacle pilose.

4. C. barbellata, ZEdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 95; leaves once
ternately divided, pedicels naked, anthers softly bearded on the back. Hook.

Bot, Mag. t. 4794; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 5. C. nepaulensis, Royle LU. 51 (not
of others).

Western Temperate HiMALAYA in Garwhal and Kumaon, Royle, &c. i

À woody climber, glabrous or nearly so. — Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothe or
wers large, dull purple. Sepals oblong, acuminate, pubescent on bot nls

faces, margins villous. Filaments broadly linear, 1-nerved, often ciliate with long

ars; anther-cells introrse. Achenes glabrous.

5. C. acutangula, 77. f. &. T. Fl. Ind. 5; leaves 2-pinnate, pedicels
2-bracteate at the base rarely in the middle, anthers softly hairy.

KHuASIA Hits, near Molim, alt. : ft. Grifith, H. f. & T. . .

À slender, hardy wood dime Stum Meli dodi furrowed, slightly hairy.

afets 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenate or 3-lobed. Flowers brownish-
Yellow; pedicels 1-3-nate, short. „Sepals oblong, acute, pubescent outside. Filaments
Taro. linear, I-nerved, pilose; anthers introrse. Achenes flat, margined, pubesceut.—
ntermediate between this and the following section.

š Secr., IIL Flammula, DC. Achenes with long feathery tails. Flowers
In axillary panicles,

* Sepals Spreading from the base. : ,
Waments glabrous ; connective of anthers not produced.

U eee Y M
6. C. Smilacifolia, Wall. in Asiat. Researches, xiii. 414; Cat. 4683;
glabrous, leaves large usually simple ovate or cordate coriaceous entire or
remotely serrate, Bot. Mag. t. 4259 ; H. f. € T. Fi. Ind. 6. C. subpeltata,
Walt, Pl. As, Rar, i. t 20; Cat, 4868. C. Munroana, Wight IUl. i. 5, t. 1.
* Smilacina, Blume Bijd. 1. CAN;
i IMALAYA from Sikkim eastwards, ascending to 5000 ft. KHĦHAsIA HILLS ; CoxcaN;
RAVANCOR ; AÀva.—DisrRIB. Java, Borneo, Philippines. P er
À tall, glabrous, woody climber. ^ Leaves 3-10 by 1-7 in., rarely once ternate, hu
75 harrower and cuneate at the base. Panicles 6-12 in. Flowers 1-13 in. « iam,
4.508 4-5, coriaceous, oblong, at length reflexed, outside dull-brown tomentose, longer
*ep purple. ilaments membranons, linear, glabrous, inner shorter with longe

anthers; Connective produced. Achenes flat, pubescent, margins broad.

1 €. trilob ; . silky, leaves small simple
‘ a, Heyne in Roth, Nov. Sp. 251; silky, leaves sm: .
p ce ternate entire or 1-3-toothed or -lobed. DC. Prodr. i. 8; W. & A.
n E25 H. f. & T. FL Ind. 7.
ountains of the Mawal di trict of the DekkAN, and W. Concan.
? extensive climber, Leaves or leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-ovate or cordate, or,
4-6 men J flowered ; lower bracts leafy. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., white. Sepals
» membranous, oblong, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, glabrous.

las t. Erato, Wall. Cat. 4668; Pl. As. Rar. i. t. 98; hoary-pubescent,

Py pinnate. Jf. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 7.

Deora. and TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 2-8000 ft.
ma Afghanistan, China, trop. Africa. B2

lo

4 I. RANUNCULACEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Clematis

A woody climber. Stem deeply furrowed. Leaflets about 5, 1—2 in., broadly ovate
or cordate, acuminate, inciso-serrate or 3-lobed, villous on both surfaces or glabrate
above. Panicles often exceeding the leaves, decompound. Flowers 2-1 in. diam.,
cream-coloured. Sepals tomentose outside. Filaments narrow-linear ; anthers short.
Achenes densely pubescent.—Variable in habit and pubescence.

9. C. Gouriana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 670 ; usually glabrous, leaves pinnate
2-pinnate or 2-ternate, flowers very small in dense panicles. DC. Prodr.
i 3; Wall. Cat. 4673; W. € A. Prodr. 2; Wight Ic. t. 933-4; H. f. & T.
FL. Ind. 8. C. cana, Wall. Cat. 4672. C. Javana, DC. Prodr. i. 7.

Hilly districts from the Western HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft. to CevLow and the
Eastern PExiNsULA.— DisrRiE. Java, Philippines.

An extensive climber, young parts pubescent. Leaflets membranous, ovate-oblong
or cordate, acuminate, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Panicles usually
exceeding the leaves. Flowers }-} in. diam., yellowish or greenish-white. Sepals
obovate or oblong, revolute, puberulous, edges tomentose. Filaments narrow linear.
Achenes narrow-oblong, hairy —Resembles C. vitalba, and is very variable; two forms
with many intermediates are widely diffused, one with larger leaflets tomentose below
and less shining above, the other with leaves glabrous on both surfaces.

10. C. puberula, Z. f. € T. ; pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets simple
or 3-sect, tlowers small few (3-9) in a lax panicle,

WESTERN Temperate HIMALAYA, from Simla to Garwhal; Kuasra HILLS, alt.
2-4000 ft

Climbing Stem deeply grooved, slender, downy. Leaflets membranous, 1-1) in.,
ovate-lanceolate, entire or remotely toothed, pubescence scattered. Panicles shorter
than the leaves; pedicels slender. Sepals 4 in., linear-oblong, acute, 3-nerved, silky
outside. Filaments narrow-linear; anthers short. Achenes silky —Confounded in
Fl. Ind. with C. nutans.

tt Füaments glabrous ; connective of anther more or less produced.

11. C. hedysarifolia, DC. Syst. i. 148; nearly glabrous, leaves simply
pinnate, leaflets reticulate, connective much produced, H, f. € 7’. Fl. Ind. 7.
(Excl. citation of Bot. Reg.)

Concan, Law; BELaAUM, Ritchie; Peau, Hore (in Brit. Mus.).

A woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 2—4 in., coriaceous, ovate or cordate, acuminate,
entire or coarsely toothed. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals
4-5, long acuminate. Anther-cells marginal. Achenes hairy, margins tubercled.

_ 12. C. apiculata, H. f. € T.; pubescent, leaves 3-foliolate long pe
tioled, connective very shortly produced. °

Knasra minus; Nunklow, Grifith; Churra, H. f. & T.

A woody climber. Leaflets short-stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, base rounded, coarsely
toothed from the middle upwards. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers small. Sipe

$-} in., oblong, tomentose outside. Filaments broadly linear, short, scarcely excee ing
the anthers, Achenes broadly oval, hairy.

ttt Filaments hairy ; connective of anther not produced.

13. C. graveolens, Lindl. in Journ. Hort, Soc. i. 307 ; glabrous except
the flowers, leaves pinnately decompound, sepals elliptic obtuse. C. parvi-
folia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 9 (not of Edgeworth),

Western TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Marri to Kulu and Kumaon, alt.
6—11,000 ft.

A slender climber. Leaflets 4-1in., toothed or incised, or 3-lobed or .partite, ter-
minal segment oblong, acute or obtuse. Panicles 3-7-flowered ; upper flowers often

Clematis] — 1. RANUNCULACE®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 5

solitary with a pair of pinnate leafy bracts on the peduncle. lowers 13-2 in. diam.,
pale yellow, odour heavy. Sepals pubescent outside, densely tomentose inside. Fila-
ments narrow-linear. Achenes pubescent.—Resembles the European C. Flammula.

14. C. orientalis, Z. ; glabrous, glaucous, leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate,
sepals ovate acuminate. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 9.

Wesrern HIMALAYA, dry inner valleys from the Indus to Kumaon, ascending to
14.000 ft. WasTERN Tingr, T. T.—DisrTni5. Temp. Asia, from Persia to M anchuria.

A large woody climber, branchlets sometimes puberulous. Leaflets 1-2 in., orbi-
cular to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire toothed or cut. Panicles many-flowered.

ywers 14 in. diam., yellow or mottled with purple. Sepals 4, villous outside or on
both surfaces, edges tomentose. Filaments membranous, tapering from a broad base,
silky or ciliate. “Achenes oblong, silkily hairy.—Very variable. .

AR. l. acutifolia; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers usually
large. C. tenuifolia, Royle Ill. 51. C. graveolens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4495 (not of
Lindl). C. parvifolia, Hdgew. in Linn. Trans. xx. 25.’ C. Ispahanica, Boiss. Fl.
Orient. i. 3 (flowers small). C. longicaudata, Ledeb. Fl Ross. i. 3. "

Var, 2. obtusifolia ; usually very glaucous, leaves oblong obtuse, flowers small or
middle-sized. C, glauca, Willd. Adi
, VAR, 8. latifolia ; glaucous, leaves orbicular or oval obtusely lobed, flowers middle-
Swed. C. globosa, Royle Ill. 51. C. albida, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 40.

lð. €. Wightiana, Wall, Cat. 4674; softly downy, leaves pinnate,
Jos broadly ovate. W. d: A, Prodr. 2; Wight Ie. t. 935 ; JH. f. € T. I.

Wight an the Dexxax, Orissa, Concan and Niran, ascending to 7000 ft,

k lar e woody climber. Leaflets usuall 5, 2 in, orbicular- or ovate-cordate,
di , densely villous and prota below, at length glabrate above. Flowers 2-23
w. diam, in decompound panicles. Sepals 4, brown-tomentose outside. Filaments

an si i d tip; anthers short.
chenes silky. silky below the middle, glabrous at the base and tip

duces" erect, with recurved tips, Filaments hairy ; connective not pro-
16. C. nutans R ilki 1 decompoundly
: . s Royle IU. 51; silkily pubescent, leaves
Pmate Hf & T. PL Ind. 10. |
ESTERN SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA from the Sutlej to Kumaon,
ale e x KHASIA HILLS, at Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T. Benar, on Par

Stem furrowed . 3o : blong or lanceo-

; Slender, woody, climbing. Zeaflets 1-3 in., ovate oblong or. í

nies deep ly acutely or obtusely 3-8 lobed, ravi entire. Flowers 1}-3 in. diam., in

si ranched many-flowered panicles, pale yellow. Sepals oblong, „many-nerved,

ai. eae Filaments narrow-linear, silky below the middle, tapering upwards ;
Short. Achenes large, ovate, silky-hairy.

17. Ç acumin J : he flowers, leaves
M ins. ata, DO. Syst. i. 148 ; glabrous except the flo ? f
rey "n rarely simple. ‘Don Prodr. 192 ; Wall. Cat. 4670; H. f. £ T.

alt. 2-5000 ft.,
asnath,

ishmi Pat-
kay, Grign? Harara, from Garwhal to Bhotan. Upper Assam, Mishmi and Pa

A : : -
late largo, woody, slender, branched climber. Leaflets 3-5 in., ovate or ovate lanceo

dian, Tate, a Ining, quite entire or minutely distantly toothed. ` edi m pss
Wore or lose Pound (sometimes few-flowered) panicles. o one ae liaty
i z „pubescent outside, suberect or spreading. Filaments narrow maan c Hate
Prove Specie ating hairs throughout. Achenes silky.—The following À

>

6 I. RANUNCULACEJX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Clematis.

Var. 1. Wallichii; more slender, leaflets smaller narrower more membranous,
flowers fewer larger, buds tomentose —W. Himalaya, Nepal, Bhotan.

Van 2. Siklimensis; leaflets larger, coriaceous, flowers very numerous, smaller,
buds glabrous except the margins of the sepals.—Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., H. f. & T.
Misbmi and Naga hills, Griffith.

18. C. connata, DC. Prodr. i. 4; glabrous, leaves pinnate, sepals not
ribbed, filaments tapering to a point. Wall. Cat. 4679; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.
11. C. venosa, Royle Ill. 51 ; C. amplexicaulis, velutina, and gracilis, Hdgew.
in Trans, Linn, Soc, xx. 24.

Temprrate HIMALAYA, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 4—10,000 ft. .

A large woody climber, young parts with scattered hairs. Leaflets 3-7, distant,
2-4 in., broddly ovate-cordate, coarsely serrate or sub-3-lobed. lowers in many-
flowered panicles. Sepals oblong, subacute, pubescent outside, densely tomentose
inside. F. laments narrow-linear below, hairy; anthers short. Achenes silky-pubes-
cent.—Closely allied to C. Buchananizna, but smoother, smaller flowered, and leaflets
narrower; petioles often connate into a coriaceous or woody flat expansion.

19. ©. Buchananiana, DC. Syst.i. 140 ; hoary or coarsely hairy, leaves
simply pinnate, sepals ribbed, filaments linear. Z/.f.« T. Fl. Ind. 10.

Throughout the Temperate HIMALAYA, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Misit, Griffith.

A large woody climber. Leaflets 5-7, 2-3 in., broadly ovate or suborbicular-cor-
date, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate or 3-5-lobed. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in branched
many-flowered panicles, often sweet-scented. Sepals linear-oblong,' many-ribbed,
tomentose on both surfaces. Filaments densely hairy; anthers elongate. Achenes
densely hairy.— Very variable, roughly divisible as follows :—

Van. 1. rugosa; stem tomentose, leaves rugose and reticulate white and hoary espe-
cially beneath. C. Buchananiana, Wall. Cat. 4677. .

Van. 2. vitifolia (sp. Wall. Cat. 4676); stem pubescent, leaves membranous slightly
pubescent.

Van. 3. tortuosa (sp. Wall. Cat. 4675); stem with long soft fibrous hairs, leaves
glabrous or veins only siky.

20. C. grewieflora, DC. Syst. i. 140; densely tomentose, leaves

simply pinnate, filaments filiform above. Don Prodr. 191 ; Wall. Cat. 4678 ;
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 10.

pore TEMPERATE AND SuBTROPICAL Himataya, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Kumaon to
otan.

A large woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 3-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, more or less
serrate, usually deeply 5-lobed. Panicles many-flowered. Sepals 14 in., oblong;
densely tomentose outside, pubescent inside. Filaments 1 in., narrow-linear below,
covered with soft spreading hairs ; anthers very long, narrow, twisted after flowering.

Dovustrut SPECIES.

C. LOASXEFOLIA, DC. Syst. i. 140; flowerless, doubtless either C, grewieflora or
Wightiana.

C. LoasiFOLIA, Don Prodr. 191. Probably C. Buchananiana.

C. scaBios €FOLIA, DC. Syst. i. 154. India? Herb. Mus. Paris.

C. viuLosA, DC. Syst. i. 104. India? Herb. Mus, Paris.

C. comosa, DC. Syst. i. 156. India? Herb. Mus Paris. (C. triloba ?)

C. erossa, Wall. Cat. 4671 (not of Benth.) Ava; too imperfect for determi-

nation.

2 NARAVELIA, DC,

Climbing shrubs. Flowers in axillary 1-flowered peduncles, Leaves
3-foliolate, terminal leaflet generally transformed into a tendril. Sepals

7
Naravelia.] 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

w, long,
the calyx. Achenes narrow,

12, narrow, lounger than es narrow,
e with love ATO styles.—Distrm. Two E. Asiatic sp

broad-
j 1.167 ; less pubescent, leaflets Ç
° ica, DC. Syst. 1.167 ; more or le d Prod. 2: Hf
onie tepals ae Sys Wall. Cat. 4657 b » . $ " üt se: PL Tad.
T. Fl. Ind. 3. Atragene zeylanica, L.; Roxb. .
ii. 670.

E

BENGAL, Assam, E.

Tropical forests of the Himataya, from E. Nepal eastward, | ]

€ PENINSULAS, LO ALLUSTRH. Java. coarsely toothed, often als Pubescent
rdate at the base, ore 158: iam. Sepa

a pubes ont on the nerves only. Flowers 4-3 in. dia

outside, twice as long as the glabrous petals.

uminate,
; glabrous, leaflets narrow ri T. Fl
- N. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. 4685 ; gla , te. H.f.d T.
in de acute petals very long linear not spathula d, subulate, beard-
nd. 3 a Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 465 (achenes diseased,

less, corky, seedless).

. Eastward to the
Eastern PENINSULA ; Mergui to Malacca and Penang.—DisrRIs
Philippines,

3. ANEMONE, Linn.

ivi wers on 1- or more-

Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, lobed or divided. P. lo reda free or con.

owered simple or branched scapes ; involucre A Shumens many, outer

nate. Sepals 4-20 etaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. .'ovule 1, pendulous.

sometimes deformed or petaloid. Carpels many; ov or bear led styles.
ruit à head of sessile achenes, with short or long

i S. hemisphere ;
—DisrRrm, Cold and temperate regions, very rare in the
Species 80.

les.
Bor T. Pulsatilla, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles

eee : softly hairy,
l. A, albana, S/ev, in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. TH. ry: wa Ind "=
leaves innatisect, sepals erect. DC. Prodr. i. 17;
A. Wallichiana, Royle Ill. 52.

: Armenia
. N. Asia, from
EST Tiper; above 15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—DisrRIB , mn
to Baikal. hed with old leaf-sheaths. ee
ensely tufted. Rootstock thick, woody, clot M Scape 6 in. fruiting dding.

segments pinnatifid - ultimate broadly linear, monec. lowers solitary, nodding,
Tool, leaves connate at the base, 3-fid or innatifid gin asjlong as the stamens:
dull red. Town. Sepals with erect tips, silky outside, "ut the invol. is less divided.

Tobably an alpine state of the European 4. p ed but not always.

Wetan specimens are usually smaller than the Siberian,

; imbedded
, Seer. II. Eriocephalus, 77. f.d T. Achenes with short styles, i
n dense wool, |

ea biflora, DC ape glabrous,
» 3 , . Syst. i. 201 ; rootstock tuberous, sc p g ^
; T partite or 3-foliolate, segments rounded, flow -3 sma

° 4. Fl. T,

"a . Soong. No. 14.
tnd. 90. A. Gordschakowii, Kar. & Kir. in Pl. So
“Grif. It. notes, 349,
IR

E. to Persia
Turkestan and E led ; seg -
ASUMIR ; j laces, alt. 4-6000 ft.—Disrris. s long-petioled ;
Warum Dg o durs Mee DETA LE,
Mentg snborbicular or ‘broadly cuneate, palmately-lob Js pubescent, lateral wi
acile, lobed to the middle. ` Flowers dull red ; pedice
Heaved inyo cre, the terminal naked. °

8 I. RANUNCULACEA. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Anmemome.

3. A. rupicola, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5,t. 2 ; rootstock long slender
woody, scape silky, leaves 3-partite, segments acutely toothed or cut, flowers
1-2 large. Z.f.« T. Fl. Ind. i. 20.

Inner alpine valleys of the Hmrazaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Sikkim, alt.
12—15,000 ft., Jacquemont. &c. .

Scape 12 in. softly silky. Radical leaves long-petioled, segments more or less
petioled, sharply incised or 3-lobed. Jnvol. leaves almost sessile, 3-lobed to the middle;
segments toothed and cut. Flowers showy ; lateral pedicels involucellate. Sepals 1-1
in., broadly oval, downy outside. -Achenes in an oval head.—Variable in pubescence
and acuteness of leaf-lobes.

Var. 1. sericea ; leaves coarsely toothed, softly silky.

Var. 2. glabriuscula ; nearly glabrous, leaves sharply cut.

4. A. vitifolia, Ham. ex DC. Syst. i. 210; rootstock stout woody,
scape branched many-flowered, leaves orbicular-cordate. Don Prodr. 193;
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3376 ; Wall. Cat. 4695 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 20.

Temperate HiMALAYA, alt. 5-10,000 ft. : in Sikkim found only on the inner ranges.
Misnar, Griffith.

Stem 1-3 ft, stout, erect, branched. Radical leaves 4-8 in. diam., deeply 5-lobed,
glabrous above, densely tomentose beneath; lobes sharply lobulate and cut. Invol.
leaves petiolate, like the radical. Flowers 14-2 in. diam , white, in decompound cymes;
lateral peduncles involucellate. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes in large heads.—
Habit of A. japonica, but leaves 3-foliolate.

. Sect. III. Anemonanthea, DC. Achenes tipped by a short style, not
imbedded in wool, oblong cylindric or slightly compressed.

. 5. A. Griffithii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 21; rootstock horizontal woody,
invol. leaves like the radical long-petioled free, scape 1-2-flowered.

East Himataya, Lachen valley in Sikkim, alt. 8-9000 ft., H. f., Buoran, neat
Chuka, alt. 6000 ft., and Misum1 HILLs, Griffith.

A small plant. Leaves 3-partite; segments cuneate at the base, tapering upwards

to a point, 3-lobed; lobes inciso-crenate. Flowers 1 in. diam., white or pin ish.—
Habit of A. nemorosa, L., and A. ranunculoides, L.

6. A. Falconeri, Thoms. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 899 ; rootstock short stout
fibrous, invol. leaves small sessile connate, flowers solitary. H. f. T. Fil.
Ind. 21. Hepatica sp., Falc. in Royle Ill. 25 (in note).

West Temperate HiMALAYA, in shady woods; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar,
Bir c q Hazara, J. L. Stewart.

y hairy. Radical leaves many, long-petioled, 3-partite ; segments ovate-cuneate,
loved. Scapes 3-6 in. ; invol. leaves oblong, entire or obtusely 3 lobed. Flowers }-$

in. diam., white, shortly pedicelled. Achenes oblong, angled, silky.— Habit of Hepatica,
but flowers pedicelled.

7. A. obtusiloba, Don Prodr. 194; rootstock woody fibrous, radical

. >
leaves 3-partite, segments broad sessile, invol. leaves small sessile free,
scape 1-3-flowered. — H. f. £ T.FL Ind, 22. A. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4688.
A. discolor, Royle IU. 52. t. 11, f. 1. A. micrantha, Klotzsch in Bot, Reis.
Pr. Waldem, t. 38. A. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4689, in part.
TEMPERATE AND ALPINE HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 9—15,000 ft.
Densely tufted, glabrate or softly TE a Rootstock clothed with old leaf.sheaths.
adical leaves many, stalked, suborbicular, deeply cordate ; segments broad, cuneate,
variously cut and lobed, rarely shortly petiolate. 6-12 in., 1-3-flowered ;

invol, leaves 3-fid. lowers white purplish or golden; pedicels long, slender.

Anemone.) — 1. RANUNCULACEJX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 9

sy outside, generally lead-coloured near the claw. Achenes strigose, rarely glabrous.
— very variable in size, hairiness, and colour of flower; the most abnormal form is de-
scribed as var. glabra in Fl. Ind. from W. Tibet (Winterbottom), it is quite glabrous
vith very many golden sepals.

8. A. rupestris, Wall. Cat. 4696; slightly hairy, rootstock stout
fibrous, radical leaves 3-partite, segments narrow petioled,,invol. leaves
small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. ZZ Z & T. Fl. Ind. 21.
we Hmaraya, from Kashmir and Hazara to Sikkim ; ascending to 15,000 ft.,

allich, &c.

Probably a state of A. obtusiloba, but smaller, more slender, less hairy, with narrower
esments to the more cut leaves. The Sikkim specimens have more divided leaves an

ooked glabrous achenes, but the latter are immature.—Flower golden yellow.

9. A. trullifolia, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 22; densely hairy, rootstock stout
afi radical leaves oval 3-lobed, invol. leaves small sessile free, scape
~3-flowered,

Gripen Eastern Himataya, Sikkim, alt. 11-15,000 ft, Hooker fj Bhotan,
ri .

Frobably another form of A. obtusiloba, with more entire leaves, and more silky
airs, the flowers are golden yellow and achenes densely strigose.—Amongst Strac ey 8
Specimens of 4. obtusiloba, are some with similarly entire leaves, but they are longer-
Petioled and less hairy than in A. trullifolia.

ba rivularis, Ham. in DC. Syst, i. 211 (not of Wall. Cat) silky:
Dübescent, rootstock stout woody, radical leaves 3-partite, segments Jo T
and serrate, invo] leaves large free, cymes many-flowered. Don Pro r.
io H. f. d T. Fl. Ind, 23. A. hispida, Wall. Cat. 4694. A. Wightiana,
Gal. Cat, 4697; W. € A. Prodr. 3; Wight Ic. t. 936. A. dubia, Wail.
T 1608; W. € A. Prodr. 3 ; A. geraniifolia, Wall. Cat, 4693.

rmperate regions above 5000 ft. throughout Indra, and CEYLON. `

Stem 1-3 ft, branched, Radical leaves long-petioled, 3-6 in. diam. ; segments
Cle at the base, broadly oval or trapezoid, deeply 3-lobed, lobes cut and serra °.
ye Compound ; branches spreading, elongate, 2-bracteolate ; invol. leaves large,
partite, ultimate segments linear-oblong, acutely inciso-serrate. Flowers p. Es
on White or bluish outside. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes large, o lo g;
oa, hooked.—A monster with the inflorescence or leafy umbel often 6 in. diam.,
mmon in the W. Himalaya.

Sect. IV. Omal i tyle, not imbedded
i sav. ocarpus, DC, Achenes with a short style, )
rat much compressed, almost winged. (Flowers usually many in the

> pedicels not involucellate.)

* . .
Plowers in simple umbels (sometimes compound in 12, poly anthes.)

egi As demissa, M. f. £ T. FI, Ind. 23; softly hairy, leaves 3-partite,
pond petiolate, scapes decumbent. f
INE EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 13-16,000 ft., Hooker ' ; ; E
ix woody, clothed with old leat-sheaths. Leaves 1 in. diam, orbicular ; boi;
Y bed ate-obovate, variously cut. Scapes 6-16 in., stout ; invol. eetet roba
Style def s e" 3-6, 1 in. diam., bluish. -Achenes very flat, orbicular, g ,

12 A, pol ;lkv. leaves 5-7-lobed,
yanthes, Don Prodr. 194; densely silky,
wean’ erect, H. f. & T. FL Ind. 24, A. longiscapa, Wall. HUL 52: u
Govani a igen in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27. A. villosa, Roy . 92. A
antana, 1b, p. 45 (not. Wall. d Don.) |

10 I. RANUNCULACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Anemone.

Inner HrwALAYA, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Sikkim, Wallich, &c. —

Rootstock stout, woody. , Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, 2-4 in. diam., reniform-
cordate ; lobes broad, cuneate, 3-fid and crenate. Umbels many-flowered, simple or
with the side branches divided and involucellate ; invol. leaves cuneate-oblong, varíable,
more or less cut. Flowers 1 in. diam., white. -Achenes broadly oval, with a sharp
straight beak.— Perhaps only a form of A. narcissiflora, with less cut leaves, more com-
pound umbel, and differently shaped achenes.

13. A. narcissiflora, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 21; densely villous, leaves
palmately 5-partite, segments deeply cut into linear lobes, scapes erect.
LH. f. € T. P Ind. 24.

Kasnwrn, Falconer, Winterbottom.—Disrris. Alps of S. and Central Europe, W,
Asia, Siberia, N. W. America.

Very similar to and probably connected by intermediates with A. polyanthes, but

smaller, 1 ft. high ; leaves 1-2 in. diam.; flowers simply umbelled, and achenes nearly
orbicular with an incurved beak.

** Flowers in umbels or cymes (see 12, polyanthes).

14. A. tetrasepala, Royle IU. 53; glabrate, leaves deeply 5-lobed,
achenes obovate-oblong with a hooked beak. H. f. & 1. Fl. Ind. 24.

Western HIMALAYA, Marri, Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 8-11,000 ft.

Rootstock woody, crown fibrous; buds, petioles, and young leaves woolly. Radical
leaves 3-10 in. diam., long-petioled, coriaceous, reniform or cordate, deeply 5-lobed;
segments acute, entire lobed or inciso-serrate. Cyme often thrice branched, contracted
or effuse and 1 foot long; invol. leaves large, broadly cuneate, sharply toothed.
Flowers white —A large robust species allied to A. polyanthes.

15. A. elongata, Don Prodr. 194; pubescent, leaves 3-partite, achenes
broadly oval with a short straight beak. H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 25. A. rivu-
laris, Wall. Cat. 4692 (not of others).

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, Garwhal, alt. 10,000 ft., Str. & Winterb.; Nipal, Wallich;
Kuasia miis, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T.

Rootstock small, fibrous. Stem 2-3 ft., slender, pubescent. Radical leaves 2-4 in.
diam., long-petioled, orbicular, base cordate, with a few soft hairs chiefly below ; lateral
segments deeply 2-lobed, mid-segment 3-lobed; lobes acute, inciso.dentate. Cymes
elongate, few-tlowered, twice or thrice divided, fascicles 2-3-flowered. Jnvol. leaves

oblong or broad-cuneate, variously toothed. Flowers white.—Remarkable for the elon-
gate stems and scapes,

4. THALICTRUM, Linn.

, Erect, usually rigid, perennial herbs, Zeaves compound ; petioles sheath-
ing, often auricled or stipuled. Flowers panicled or racemed, often poly-
gamous. Sepals 4-5, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many. Carpels
few or many; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a small head of sessile or stalked
achenes ; style persistent or deciduous,—-Distrip, Temperate and cold
northern regions, very rare in the S. ; species 50.

Sect. I. Physocarpum, DC. Achenes stalked, laterally compressed;

flat or inflated. Leaves ternately decompound, or in 6, pauciflorum. 2-ternately
divided.

1, T. elegans, Wall. Cat. 4728; stem 8-12 in., leaves 2-3 in. glaucous
beneath, flowers small, anthers short mucronate, achenes long-stalked

ventral suture winged. Royle IU. 51; H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 13; Hdgew, in
Trans, Linn, Soc. xx. 26.

Thalictrum.| 1. RANUNCULACEZX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 11

SUBALPINE Himaraya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft. | ,
ves decompound ; leaflets small, suborbicular, 3-lobed or -partite ; segments ob-
ovate, Panicle sparingly branched ; branches almost racemose. Flowers very small,
sreen-purple. Filaments filiform. Achenes 6-12, shorter than their stalks, obliquely
obovate, membranous ; stigma sublateral, incurved.

2. T. platycarpum, X. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 13; stem 8-18 in., leaves
2-3 in, glandular-puberulous beneath, flowers small, anthers long not
pointed, achenes short-stalked strongly 3-ribbed on each side.

Arene HIMALAYA and Wesr 'isgr, rare; Nubra, H. Strachey ; Hundes, Str. &
Wint, ; Badrinath and Chur in GanwnHAL, Falconer. .

Habit and appearance of T' elegans, but more wiry, branches of panicle longer and
more leafy, and segments of leaves sharper. Flowers greenish. Achenes 4-10, gla-

rous, broadly obovate, dorsal suture near! y straight.—Probably an alpine state of T.
cultratum,

| 3. T, cultratum, Wall. Cat. 3715; Pl. As. Rar. ii. 26; stem 2-4 ft.,
d large, flowers greenish-white, anthers with a long pom "71
Ine 3-ribbed on each side. T. Chelidonii 8, Hf. & T. FL

CDIPERATE Himauaya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. .
cun eon branched, Leaf-sheaths with small auricles; leaflets 1-3 in., varie
Nusa » membranous, glabrous or slightly pubescent below, obtusely S-lobed, lo e
Ohne of the upper leaves acute. — Panicles lax. Sepals 4 in. Achenes glabrous,
"eile, dorsal suture straight ; style straight or hooked.
fon = Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i. 11 ; stem 2-8-flowered, leaves large
aur large lilac or purple, anthers shortly mucronate, achenes long-stalke
3^3] reticulate, style incurved. ‘I, Chelidonii y cysticarpum, H. f.
Te Ind. i4. T. cysticarpum, Wall. Cat, 3714; Pl. As. Rar. ii. t. 129.
tte HINALAYA, alt. 8-12,000 ft. ; from Kula to Sikkim. . -
our y much-branched. Leaflets of the lower leaves 1 in. diam., orbicu ar
Pa nicle 3-Lcrenate or lobed, glabrous and pale beneath ; floral leaflets sharply toot red,
fruit, m long rigid branches; pedicels often 1 in., rigid, tips deflexed, especia y in
their iib y lin. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Achenes numerous, as ong a9
many o; ali a uricated bulbils often occur in the leaf axils; monstrous states
r all the achenes enlarged and seedless.

ag enlforme, W ii. 26; glandular when
Vall. Cat. 3716 ; Pl. As. Rar. ii. 26; glandu '
tg xi 9-6 ft, leaves large, flowers small greenish-white, anthers wit
straight ne achenes long-stalked puberulous 3-ribbed on each side, sty le
Pam, Royle y elidonii a reniforme, Z. f. € T. Fl Ind. 13. T. n

TEMPERATE Horaraya, from Kulu to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.

, Usually much SUM. ipules; principal
divisi much branched, Leaf-sheaths expanding into adnate stipules; pri
tea pith white deciduous elle at the base j leaflets 1-14 in. diam., orblow at
more shar h n sightly 3-lobed, pale and softly pubescent beneath, floral sm à Er e
lat | | toothed. Panicle lax, decompound. Flowers smaller than in the

Sam diam, Sepals : Ach 6-8,as iong as their stalks,
Lobovate, dorsal suture str night deciduous. Achenes ,

6. T Pauc ub-
Negsilo iflorum, Royle Jil. 52 ; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft., leaves s

8 le ente, flowers small, anthers shortly pointed, achenes short-
e

secundan, oY on each side, style straight. Ht fed T v AT 14 T.

w ~ + macrostigma, Hdgew. in Trans.
aa Temperate Hiwataya ; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-13,000 feet.

12 I. RANUNCULACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thalictrum.

Stem branched. Leaves small, uniform in size all up the stem; leaflets obovate-
cuneate, 3-4-lobed, reticulate, pale beneath, all petioled, mid-leafleis longest-petioled.
Panicle with 1 or few flowers at the ends of long branches. Sepals 3-nerved, ovate,
acute. Achenes 3-5, obovate, dorsal suture straight.

Sect. II. Buthalictrum, DC. Achenes not compressed, oval or oblong,
sessile or stalked (see 11, alpinum, and 14, Punduanum).

* Achenes elongate, more or less stipitate. Anthers with a very short
beak or 0.

7. T. virgatum, J. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 14; leaves subsessile simply ter-
nate, flowers small white, achenes many small erect acute at each en
ribbed, stigma straight.

Eastern HIMALAYA, inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 6-10,000 ft, Hook.f. Buoras
Griffith (It. notes, 284). . .

Glabrous. Stem erect, 1-14 ft. Leaflets 4-1 in., coriaceous, reticulate, orbicular,
5-7-lobed, base cuneate, glaucous beneath. Panicle decompound, spreading, bracts
minute. Anthers not beaked. Achenes 10-25, very short-stalked.

8. 'T. rutefolium, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 14; glabrous, weak, straggling,
leaves decompoundly pinnate, flowers racemed very small greenish, achenes
few many-ribbed oblong curved, style incurved.

STERN Tet, alt. 10-14,000 ft, Thomson; interior of Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft.

ook. f.

More or less glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leafsheath auricled; divisions stipellate;
leaflets very small, 3-lobed or -partite, base cuneate. Panicle with long rigid simple
branches; pedicels spreading or deflexed. — Anthers short; shortly beaked. Achenes
shortly stipitate, abruptly deflexed, beaked by the style.— The Sikkim specimens are
greener and more luxuriant than the Tibetan, and have longer achenes.

9. T. pedunculatum, Zdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc, xx. 27; leaves

3-ternate, flowers large white, achenes elongate strongly ribbed, style in- -

curved. A. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 15 ; Griff. Itin. not, 348.

WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Simla to Kaffristan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Edgeworth, &c.
Glabrous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, primary and secondary divisions
long-stalked ; leaflets membranous, 1in. diam., orbicular or cuneate-obovate, 3-1-
lobed. Panicle terminal; pedicels long. Sepals variable in size, }-1 in., oblong,
obtuse, twice as long as the stamens. Anthers not pointed, short. Achenes 1-3 ins

linear-oblong, tapering at both ends.—Griffith’s Kaffristan specimens are larger flowered
than the Himalayan.

10. T. rostellatum, 77. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 15; diffusely branched, leaves
ternately decompound, flowers small white, achenes tapering into a straight
beak half their length, tip hooked.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 7-11,000 ft., rare, from Simla, Jacquemont, &c., to
Sikkim, Hook. f.

** Achenes short, oblong, ribbed, subsessile (stalked in 11, alpinum and
14, Punduanum).

+ Leaves simple, once or twice ternate, or pinnate (rarely 2-pinnate).
11. T. alpinum, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 12; small, slender, leaves all radical
pinnate rarely 2-pinnate, flowers racemed, achenes oblong striate subsessile

or stipitate. H. f. 7. Fl, Ind. 18. T. micropbyllum end T. marginatum,
Royle Ill, 51, T. acaule, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot, t. i. A.

|

`Thalictrum.] 1. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 13

ALPINE Hmaraya and Wesr Tiser, alt. 10-17,000 ft.—Dusrris. North Alpine and
Arctic regions. |

T slender, tufted, glabrous perennial. Stem 3-6 in. Leaflets small, rounded, 3 lobed
or almost 3-partite, glaucous beneath. Scapes simple, rarely forke ; bell yen
reflexed in fruit; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, membranous. F lowers green E pnr
beaked. Achenes few.—The length of the stalk of the achene varies in bo p
and Indian specimens.

EP . imple, stipules free,

12. T. rotundifolium, DC. Syst. i. 185 ; leaves simple, stipu

filaments filiform, achenes with a straight beak hooked at, me RD ven

Prodr. 193; Wall. Cat. 2713; Pl. As. Rar. t. 264; H.. QE ERO, 19,
Nirat, Hamilton, Wallich. . di icul:
Stem erect, 1 ft. ; roots fibrous. Leaves long-petioled, 2-3 in diam Mad on

reniform, with many shallow toothed lobes, membranous, much reticu bo

both surfaces ; stipules oblong. Panicle few-flowered. Achenes immature.

13. T. Dalzellii, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 866 ; leaves 3-foliolate rarely £-ternate
stipules free, panicle subsimple, filaments clavate, achenes mid HE
straight beak hooked at the tip. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 10; . .
Bombay Flora, 9, men

Mountains of the Westers PENINSULA ; Harrichander, Dalzell; Bababuden hi

alabar, Law, | .

Stem erect, 1 ft. Leaves slightly sheathing at the base; „leaflets 14-2 in, diam,
reniform, deeply cordate, 7-9-lobed, lobes crenate or toothed ; stipules oblong.

small, branches few. Flowers white, fascicled at the ends of the branches. Achenes
many, sessile, ribbed. *

ii. 26; leaves
l4. T. Punduanum Wall. Cat. 3712; Pl. As. Rar, ii. 26; 1
2-ternate, sheaths auricled, panicle much branched, quere VAY:
7. FL many small ribbed, beak long straight hooked at the tip. H.J.
: t. Ind, 18,

. 4500-
s IPEA TE Westers HiMALAYA; wet rocks of Garwhal and Kumaon, alt
t Kuasa HILLS, rocks near Churra, alt. 3—4000 ft. 2 in. diam.
vem 2 ft., erect. Leaves long-petioled, upper 3-foliolate ; mE 1-2 in. ne be
orbicalar or oval, base cordate or truncate, 5-lobed, crenate, glaucous e tomentose tes
neath, lateral oblique ; stipels 0. Panicle nearly leafless. Flowers hite,
sessile or stalked, beak nearly their own length.—Two well-marke vari otin: achenes
Ses ib: h glaucum; leaves membranous, glabrous and glaucous ,
y o glabrous.—W., Himalaya and Khasia. 8 more
) 2. glandulosum ; leaves coriaceous viscidly pubescent beneath, achene |
0r fess stalked glandular-hairy.—Khasia, with the former.

tt Leaves ternately or pinnately decompound.

15, m, Saniculevforme, DC. Prodr. i. 12; small, leaf subsolitary 3-4-
ternate, sti

: RE hort mucronate,

pules almost f , filaments filiform, anthers s !
tenes Many small ribbed with a long straight beak hooked at the tip.
L&T, F, Ind. 15. T. radiatum, Royle LÙ. 52.

to Sikkim (at Harara; on wet rocks and tree trunks, from Simla and Kunawer
m (alt. 8 .). f f
ide ene in, wiry ) dabrous; root fibrous. Radical leaf often equalling the pa
aa long-petioled, stem leaves few ; leatlets 4-1 in, orbicular or ovil, ki anto.
Tanous, glaucous beneath, 3.lobed or -partite, lobes rounds : e eel ia
Wallick small, white. Achencs sessile, oblong, as long as their
ich's Catalogue, but distributed by him.

16. m, Javani um jd, 2; tall, leaves ternately decompound,
ules adnate membranous hatte filaments club-shaped, anthers not

14 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Zhalictrum.

ointed, achenes large strongly ribbed, beak short hooked. Miguel FT. Ned.
Tnd. i. pt. 2, 5. T. glyphocarpum, W. £ A. Prod. 2; Wight Ic. t. 48; H.J.
& T. Fl. Ind. 16.

Temperate HiMALAYA, from Simla to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. Knasra hills, alt.
5-6000 ft.; Parusnath in Benar, alt. 4000 ft.; mountains of the WEsrERN PENINSULA
and CeyLon.—Distris. Java.

Stem 2-3 ft., erect, glabrous; roots fibrous. Leaves without stipels; leaflets mem-
branous, ]-3 in. diam., membranous, orbicular or oval, obtusely 3-7-toothed at the tip,
base rounded or cordate, more or less glaucous beneath. Panicle brauched. flowers
often clustered at the ends of the branches, small, white. Achenes 8-15, large,
oblong.

17. T. foliolosum, DC. Sys. i. 175; tall, leaves pinnately decom-
pound, sheaths auricled, filaments filiform, anthers beaked, achenes few
acute at both ends sharply ribbed. Don Prodr. 192; Wall. Cat. 3711;
Royle Ill. 51; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 16.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-8000 ft. Kasra Hiris, alt. 4—6000 ft. .

Stem 4-8 ft., glabrous. Leaves very much divided, without stipels; leaflets §-} in.
rarely 1 in., orbicular. Panicle much branched; bracts small Flowers polygamous,
white pale green or dingy purple. Achenes usually 2—5, small, oblong.

18, T. minus, 7. ; DC. Prodr. i. 13 ; tall, leaves decompoundly pinnate
exstipulate, filaments filiforin, anthers elongate apiculate, achenes tapering
at Her ends ribbed tipped by the oblong oblique style. H. f. & T. #1.

nd. 16.

Inner valleys of the Texrerate HiwALAYA, and in West TinET, alt. 912,000 ft.
—Disrris. Europe, N. Asia, Abyssinia, S. Africa.

Stem 2-4 ft., erect. Leaves sheathing, principal divisions with or withont stipels: -
leaflets very variable, orbicular oval or oblong, 3-lobed; lobes crenate or toothed. —
Panicle much branched, leafless or nearly so. Flowers dingy purple. _ Achenes 5-8,

oblong —We have again compared extensive suites of European, N. Asiatic, and Indian
specimens, with the aid of Regel’s monograph, and find no reason for modifying the
views expressed in Flora Indica, that all our Indian forms are referable to one species
which is very variable in foliage, but constant in flowers.— The most prominent Indian
varieties are :—

Van. 1. vulgare ; glabrous, leaflets small 1-1 in. T. minus, Boiss. FT. Orient.
i. 8.—The common European form, less common in Tibet than the following.

Van. 2. fætidum (sp. L.); glandular-pubescent especially on the leaves beneath,
leaflets as in vulgare. T. minus $. glandulosum, Koch. T. vaginatum, Royle Jil. 52.

Var. 2. majus (sp. Jacq.); glabrous, often glaucous; leaflets 1 in., achenes rather
shorter and broader than in the common form. T. Kemense, Fries. T. Maxwelli,
Royle Ill. 52.—Kunawer, Royle, &c. Kaffristan, Grifith—Indian specimens have
acutely 3-lobed leaflets, exactly agreeing with T. Kemense, Fr. In foliage it often
closely resembles T. flavum.

5. CALLIANTHEMUIM., C. A. Meyer.

A stemless perennial Leaves all radical, 2-pinnate or decompound.
Scaprs \-flowered. Sepals 5, deciduous, Petals 5-15, with a nectariferous
pit on the claw. Stamens numerous, Carpels many; style short; ovule l,

endulous. Fruit of many subglobose achenes tipped by the short style.—
DISTRIB, Two species, a European and Siberian, and the following :—

1. C. cachemirianum, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. 3. C. pimpinel-
pot H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 26. Ranunculus pimpinelloides, Don in Royle
. 53.

Callianthemum.] 1. RANUNCULACEZE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 15

INNER RANGES OF THE HixarAYas, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Kashmir, Jacquemont, to -
Sikkim, Hook. f.

Densely tufted, glabrous, glaucous; root fibrous. Leaves very numerous, long-
petioled, segments rounded, 2-3-sect; pinnules orbicular, deeply cut. Scapes 2-4 in.,
shorter than the leaves. Flowers 1-14 in. diam., white. Sepals broadly elliptic.
Petals 8-12, 3 times larger than the sepals, oblong-cuneate, retuse. Achenes few, large,
ovoid, obtuse, rugose.

6. ADONIS, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. — Leaves much divided. Sepals 5-8, petaloid,
coloured, imbricate. Petals 5-16, yellow or red, eglandular. Carpels many ;
style short; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a spike or head of many achenes

tipped with a short persistent style.—DISTRIB. 3 or 4 European and Asiatic
species,

ñ Secr. I, Adonia, DC. Annual erect herbs, with leafy stems and scarlet
OWers,

L. A. eestivalis, Z. ;. DC. Prodr. i. 24; petals spreading, achenes an-
gular, with a tooth "on the inner angle near the beak. W. £ A. Prodr.
L3; H. f. € T. FL Ind. 25. A. Inglisii, Royle IL 53.

Westerx Himaraya, in cornfields, from Kumaon to Kashmir, Hazara, and
eshawur.—Disrris, Temperate Europe and Asia.

n erect annual, 1-2 ft., simple or branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves decom-
poundly-pinnate, segments filiform. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches, a
able in sıze, scarlet with a dark purple eye. Achenes in an ovoid or oblong head, deeply
Pitted. —Differs from A autumnalis in the spreading petals, but there are many Inter-

mediates, The achenes afford a very variable character, too much used in dividing
arteties of this into species,

2. A. Scrobiculata, Boiss.; Fl. Orient. i. 17 petals spreading, pen
colla àr surrounded near the broad base by a flattened almost wingec
r.

West Hm ñ e
ALAYA, Kishtwar, Stewart.—Distris. Affghanistan. .
an Lpubtfally distinct from A. estivalis, and only by the achenes which are more sharply
g'ed, less Pitted, and rough with small tubercles; the upper achenes seem to ose
Wing. A. marginata, Bienert in Herb. Bunge, seems to be the same plant.

Secr. IT. Consoligo. Perennial herbs, with golden yellow flowers.

3 A. chrysoc ° h spreading, achenes
yathus, M. f. £ T. ; petals at length sp g, achene
Tad p gular MI style tapering revolute. A. pyrenaica, H. f. & T. FI.

trod, ot of DC). “CurysocyaTHus (gen), Falconer in Royle IU. in-

Trees ALPINE Himanaya, in Chamba and Kashmir, Jacquemont; WESTERN

„tsu and Guge, Strachey d: Winterb. Era

l5in Baik scaly, horizontal. Stens several, erect, leafy, flowering 6-9 in., fraiting
o adical leaves petioled, 3-6 in., deltoid, pinnately decompound, segments net

or subcuneate. Flowers golden-yellow, 2 in. and more dism, qa Eo ale

» Obovate, acut - ed. Petals 16-24, twice as long S,

nai » acute, many-n . eta ,

Holy de Tate obtuse, Achenes in a dense head, 3 in. diam, glabrous, flattened ante

those of 4 Y convex and obtusely keeled.— The foliage and flowers closely

.

jh i : erred it, and
from Which fyrenaica, to which in the absence of fruits we formerly referred it,

It differs in the numerous much smaller achenes.

16 I. RANUNCULACEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Hanunculus.

7. RANUNCULUS, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire lobed or dissected. Stipules
membranous or ©. Flowers usually panicled, white or yellow. Sepals
3-5, caducous, imbricate in bud, Petals usually 5, rarely 0, often glandular
near the base, Stamensmany. Carpels many ; styles short ; ovule 1 ascend-
ing. Fruit a head or spike of beaked or apiculate achenes.—DIsTRIB.
All temperate and cold regions ; species about 160.

Sect. I. Batrachium. Water plants. Flowerswhite. Achenes trans-
versely wrinkled, sometimes obscurely.

1. R. aquatilis, L. ; var. trichophyllus ; leaves all submerged capil-
laceo-multitid, stipules }-adnate, auricles large, flowers small, stamens few.
R. aquatilis, Don in Royle Ill. 54; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 29.

West HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to the Indus. East AND West Tiser. Plains
of the Puxar, as far south as Delhi and Saharunpore.—DisrRIs, Temperate N. and
S. hemispheres.

The Indian forms have been identified by Mr, Baker with trichophyllus, and_its
subvarieties Drouetii and pantothriz. Large flowered specimens from Hanle in Tibet
differ from true aquatilis chiefly in the absence of floating leaves. A small greener ter-

restrial variety grows in the Punjab. Floating leaves are invariably absent in the
Indian plant.

Sect, II. Ceratocephalus, Mech (genus) Annual herbs. Flowers
yellow. Achenes gibbous at the sides, with a long terminal beak.

2. R. falcatus, L.; leaves 3-fid or pinnatifid, scapes longer than the

leaves 1-flowered. Ceratocephalus falcatus, Pers.; H. f & T, Fl. Ind. 28.

C. orthoceras, DC.; Deless, Ic. sel. i. t. 23, Anemone cynosurus, Grif.
Ic. Pl. iv. t. 660, f. 1.

Temperate HIMALAYA, from Kishtwar westwards. PuwJAs, dry grassy places at
Peshawur, Stewart.—Distris. S. E. Europe and W. Asia.

Glabrous or a little woolly. Leaves all radical, segments narrow-linear, entire or
3-fid; petiole margined, tapering downwards. Scapes 1 or more, 1-3 in., longer than
the leaves. Flowers small. Stamens 5-15, Achenes with the beak straight or curved.
—A very variable little plant, of which 7 or 8 species have been made; Boissier re-

duces them to 2, a hooked and straight beaked, having never seen immediates, of

which we have seen many.

Sect. III. Hecatonia, DC, Perennial, rarely annual Flowers yellow

(in the Indian species. Achenes smooth or granular, not muricated or
tubercled, shortly beaked,

* Radical or all the leaves undivided (except sometimes in 7, pulchellus).

3. R. Lingua, L. ; tall, erect, glabrous, leaves lanceolate, flowers large;
petals 5. DC. Prodr, i. 32; H. ë T. Fl. Ind. 30. ceolate, Howe g

West Hiataya; Kashmir Lake, Jacquemont, &c. —Duisrrin. Temperate N.
hemisphere. .
Rovtstock creeping. Stem 2-3 ft., hollow. Leaves 4-8 in., sessile, j-amplexicaul,

entire or remotely toothed, veins parallel, venules reticulate. — Fiowe bpanicled.
Achenes pitted ; beak broad, flat, wers subp

4. R. reniformis, Wall. Cat. 4709; erect, stem softly hairy, leaves
broadly oval or orbicular coarsely toothed, etals 12-15, J. € A. Prodr. 3;
Wight Ill. i. t. 2; La t. 75; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 30.

Ranuneulus.| 1. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 17

Higher mountains of the Western PrxiNsULA, Wight, &c.

Rootstock stout, horizontal, densely fibrous. Stem 1—14 ft.; branches few, 1-flowered.

adical leaves 1-3 in, thick, base truncate or cordate, glabrate or sparsely setose ;
cauline few, narrow, bracteiform. Flowers 1 in. diam. Petals obovate oblong. Achencs
oblong, tumid, in a globose head ; beak straight.

5. R. sagittifolius, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 173; erect, glabrous above, leaves

oblong-cordate or sagittate crenate, petals 5. Z. f. & T. Fl Ind. 30. R. has-
tatus, Walker mss, ex Wight Ill. i. 5.

Mountains of CEvrox, above 6000 ft., Walker, &c. .
tstock creeping. Stem erect, with scattered hairs near the base. Radical leaves
long-petioled, base deeply cordate with rounded lobes; cauline narrow lanceolate,
Ineiso-dentate or almost pinnatifid. Petals nearly orbicular. Achenes as in R. rem-
ormis.— Distinguished from R. reniformis chiefly by the few petals; the leaves are

Very variable in both. R. javanicus, BL., is closely allied, but quite glabrous.

6. R, Cymbalaris, Pursh. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 392; creeping, glabrous,
faves oblong or orbicular 3-5-lobed, or -partite, petals 5-8. H. f. & T. Fl

West Tier, between 7000 and 17,000 ft., Thomson. Interior of Srxim, alt.
14,000 ft., 00.

k. f.—DIsTRIB. Persia, Siberia, Arctic and cold temperate N. America,
rdillera of N, and S. America. .
Rootstock with long rooting runners; stem 0. Leaves }-3 in. diam., base rounded
d slightly cordate, Scape erect, leafless, 1-8-flowered; bracts at the foiks, linear.
rs 4-3 in. diam. Sepals spreading or reflexed. Achenes many, sma'l, obovate,
compressed, gibbous at the back, sides longitudinally 3-ribbed ; beak straight or hooked.
~Tanable in foliage and form of heads of fruit, and stolons sometimes absent.

i R. pulchellus C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ii. 333; erect, glabrous
^ or silky leaves elliptic-oblong entire or 3-7-toothed or lobed, petals
R FI "AUN. l. Ind. 31. R. salsuginosus, Wall. Cat. 4708 (not of Don);
in Trana ala, Don in Royle Ill. 53 (not of Linn.) ; R. nephelegenes, Edyew.

NN. Soc. xx. 28.

I caes Himaraya, in the inner ranges from Sikkim westward, and in WESTERN
» rom 10-18,000 ft.—Drsrris. Affzhanistan, Siberia, Mongolia.

12 ìn., simple or with a few 1-flowered branches. Leaves glabrous or pubes-
fp, metimes palmately lobed ; cauline lanceolate, often entire. Flowers 4 in diam.
head elliptic, often black-tipped. Petals broadly obovate. Achenes in an ob "d
Hato) sma l, inflated, glabrous ; style nearly straight.— Common and very variabie,
The mie broad deeply cut leaves pass into glabrous achened states of Ë. pedatifidus.
Va | ngwaulis, C. A. Mever, is another variety.

leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent.

AR, 9. picus ;
^ Serweus; leaves densely silky. R. membranaceus, Royle Ill. 53.

8. R. lop . i. B; decumbent
glab atus, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. i. B; decu ,
"m E» leaves orbicubur crenate coriaceous, petals 5. H. J. & T. FL Ind.
5 Suginosus, Don in Royle Ill. 53 (not of Wall. Cat.). E
and in Wes, MALAYA, in the inner ranges, alt. 12-16,000 ft. from Zanskar to Sikkim,
> IBET, Jacquemont, &c. . ;
lave, lli giving off weak decumbent leafy stems 2-3 in., not stoloniferous. Festa!
torte, diam., long-petioled, rounded or cordate at the base; cauline similar d!
obovate. O ed, often 9-toothed. Flowers 3-2 in. diam. Sepals oval. Petals broadiy
style, Di chenes in an oval head, slightly compressed, beaked by the long sirak
leaves and Jarmeuished from Æ. pulchellus by the diffuse stem, large fleshy cauline
VOL p large ower, but intermediates occur. Š

18 I. RANUNCULACEJXE. (Hook f. & Thoms.) [Zanunculus.

** Leaves lobed or much divided. Achenes turgid, not margined, com-
pressed in 10, Charophyllos (see 7, pulchellus).

9. R. hyperboreus, Rotlb. ; stem creeping stoloniferous, leaves 3-7-
lobed or capillaceo-multifid, flowers small solitary, petals scarcely exceeding
the sepals,

Inner regions of the ArPINE Himavaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, and in WESTERN
Tiser, alt. 14~17,000 ft.—Disrris. Arctic and Alpine Northern regions.

A smail glabrous perennial, terrestrial or floating. Leaves orbicular or reniform, base
sometimes cuneate, lobed to the middle or base. Sepals reflexed. Petals obovate.
Achenes in dense heads, very small, oval, beaked by the short style.—Minute specimens
without stolons are undistinguishable from R. pygm«us, Vahl.

Van. 1. typicus; creeping on moist ground, leaves very small 3-lobed to about the
middle, base rounded or cuneate, head of achenes small, R. hyperboreus, H. f. & T.

'l. Ind. 32.

Van. 2. natans, Regel ; floating, leaves 3-1 in. diam. reniform 5-7-lobed, heads of
achenes large. R. natans, C. A. Meyer; R. radicans. H. f.& T' Fl. Ind, 32 (in
part).

Van. 3. radicans; creeping in moist soil, leaves rounded or reniform 5-7-partite,
heads of fruit large. R. radicans, C. A Meyer; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 32 in part; R
radicans a typicus, Regel.

Van. 4. multifidus ; floating, leaves capillaceo-multifid like R. aquatilis. R. Purshii,
Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. R. radicans y multifidus, Regel— Ladak, Stewart.

10. R. Cheerophyllos, Linn. ; erect, pubescent or villous, leaves ter-
nately partite rarely entire, achenes compressed in an oblong head, beak
long straight. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 33.

Western Tiger, mountains of Hasora, alt. 12,000 ft, Winterbottom.— DisTRIE.
S. Europe, Asia Minor, Persia.

Rootstock tuberous, with thick fibres. Stem 6-12 in, simple or with 2-4 long
1-flowered branches. Radical leaves rarely oval and entire, usually with 3-partite or
variousl y-cut segments, cauline few 3-partite or linear and entire. Flowers 1 in. diam.
Sepals spreading. Achenes many, oval.

11. R. affinis, Br. ; erect or diffuse, hairy, leaves pedately 5-9-lobed,
achenes in oblong heads inflated, beak straight. R. ezspitosus, Wall. Cat.
4701. E FK. € T. Fl. Ind. 33. R. pedatifidus, Led. (not Smith). R. dahu-
ricus, 7'urcz.

Inner ranges of the Temrerate and ALPINE HiwALAYA, from Sikkim to Balti, alt.
11-16,0C0 ft.; and in Western Tiser.—Disrris. Temperate and Arctic Asia and
America. ;

Stems 6-12 in., often many, from a perennial, slender, branched rootstock. Radical
leaves reniform, 4-1 in. diam., lobed to the middle or base, lobes oblong or linear;
lower cauline with narrower segments, upper entire or 3-5-partite. Flowers 1-8 in.
diam. Sepals silky. Achenes small, scarcely compressed.— Hardly different from the
Siberian Zi. amenus, Led. ( R. pedatifidus, Su.)

12. E. hirtellus, Foyle Hl. 53; erect or decumbent, pubescent, leaves
3-partite, achenes in an oblong or globose head inflated, style straight or
hooked. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 34. R. attenuatus, nervosus, choorensis, an
glabratus, Royle Ill. 53.

TEMPERATE and supALPINE Western HiMALAYA, ascending to 14,000 ft. (a dwarf
large flowered state).

Rootstock densely fibrous. Stems many, 1-14 ft., branched, many-flowered (except
the alpine forms). Radical leaves 14-2 in. diam., reniform, lateral segments often
deeply 2-lobed ; cauline palmately 3-5-partite. Flowers 4-$in. diam. Sepals with
appressed bairs. Achenes many, glabrous or hairy.—Very variable, and closely allied

|
|
|
i

towers stole onn

a

Ranunculus,| í. RANUNCULACES. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 19

to the European R. auricomus, but the achenes are smaller, less compressed, are in an
oval head, and the radical leaf appears never to be entire.

13. R. nivalis, Zinn., small, erect, 1-flowered, shaggy above, leaves
3-5-lobed or -partite, sepals shaggy. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 35.
Maris HIMALAYA. Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft., Hook. f—Disrris.
Boosta nai” Biens sabceltary, 1-3 in., glabrous below. Radical leaves gla-
brous, segments 3-lobed: lower cauline petioled, upper sessile.—Apparently the same
às the arctic plant, but not found in fruit.

14. R. sceleratus, Li»n.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves inpr
achenes many in an oblong head small obtuse or apiculate. Don Prodr. 5T.
Royle Ill. 53; H. f. d T. Fl. Ind. 35. R. indicus, Rozb. Fl. Ind. ii. 657;
Wall. Cat. 4699.

River banks in Bencar and NoRTHERN INDIA; marshes of Peshawer; warm valleys

ofthe HntanAvA — nknown south of the Nerbudda).—Disrris. throughout the North
temperate zone.

Stem 1-3 ft»? en stout, fleshy and branched, rarely puberulous above. Leaves
with cuneate cut segments, cauline sessile. Flowers 4-4} in. diam. Sepals retlexed,
nearly equalling the oblong petals. Receptacle oblong, hairy.

.* Leaves deeply divided. Achenes flattened, with an intramarginal
rib, (See 20, muricatus.)

15. R. diffusus DC. ; diffuse or prostrate, hairy, leaves 3- artite,
àchenes in globose heads dotted, receptacle of fruit small, Don Eror rh,
. f. e T. Fl. Ind. 36. R. napaulensis, DC. Prodr. i. 39. R. trilo at us,
Prodr, 194. R. geranioides, Blume Bydr. 2. R. hydrocotyloides,
Cat. 4703; R. mollis, Wall, Cat. 4704; Don in Royle HI 53, R. ob tee y
all, Cat. 4705. R, vitifolius, Royle Ill, 53. B. subpinnatus, W. & A.
rodr.4; Wight Ic. t. 49; H. Z & T. Fl. Ind, 36." |
i ERATE HIMALAYA, from the Chenab to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Higher moun-
tains of the Western PexiNsULA.— DISTRIB. Sumatra, Java. . softl
h .Tennial covered with spreading hairs; nodes at times rooting. eqno da M
airy, Segments cuneate, of lower leaves often stalked. Peduncles 1-flowered, Minn d
wy A opposed. Flowers $- lin. diam. Sepals hairy. Achenes ovate, com res
isp, Itramarginal rib at a variable distance from the acute margin; sty divided
ght or hooked.— Peninsula specimens have usually larger flowers and more divic
Ves.—Near R. repens, L.

LS R. letus, Wall. Cat. 4702 ; erect, appressedly hairy, leaves 3 partite ,
# enes in a globose head not dotted, receptacle of fruit oblong £ m 1 N
qu: T. Fl. Ind. 36 (excl. Syn. R. riparius, Edgew.); Royle HI. 5. ag
tans, Royle IU, 53 ; R. brevirostris, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 28.
8 PÜERATE HIMALAYA and Western Tiser. Common on the inner ranges only of
KKIM—Digrrip. Affghanistan. d: hairs
white: pe woody. Stem 1-2 ft, usually much branched, many flowered Neh
sessile Radical leaves 2-4 in, diam.; segments cuneate-obovate, deeply cu i lier
large « Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals villous. Achenes many, oval, margined, var. of
R, acie 5 Short, straight, broad at the base.—Closely allied to and perhaps a var.

1.8, Pensylvanicus, Zinn. - erect hirsute, leaves ternatisect, achenes
Cag one or globose heads, not dotted, receptacle pilose. „R. EIT t t
Fl R96; Hook. f. & T. Fl, Ind. 37. R. chinensis, Bunge ; ""Ranun-

3h j riparius, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc xx. 28. Ran
Sp. Grif. Te, Pil. iv. t. 661. c2

20 I. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus. `

Swamps and rice fields in NirAr, Wallich ; banks of the SurLEJ at Ludiana, and
(tances at Bhojpur, Edgeworth. Assam, and Knasta HILLS, up to 6000 ft., H f. & T.—
Distris. N China, Amur-land, N. America.

Stem 2-3 ft., prostrate and rooting at the base only, branched. Radical leaves long- .
petioled, leaflets long-stalked, 3-partite and deeply cut into linear segments; cauline |
shorter petioled, upper subsessile. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Sepals reflexed. Achenes
many, large, with an intramarginal rib and short straight beak.— Very variable in the
shape of the head of achenes, and in the prominence and position of their intramarginal
rib; but a large suite of specimens convinces us of the specific identity of all the forms.

Secr. IV. Echinella, DC. Annual, rarely perennial. Flowers small,
yellow. Achenes echinate or tubercled (rarely smooth in 20, muricatus).

18. R. flaccidus, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 38; perennial, tufted, prostrate,
leaves reniform or orbicular crenate glabrous, achenes beaked, rough wit
small tubercles.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, in the upper forest region, from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt.
9-10,000 ft.

Patches large, dense, green, appressed to the ground; stems filiform; nodes often
rooting. Leaves | in. diam. or less, 3—5-crenate. Flowers minute, š in. diam., soli-
tary, leaf-opposed. Sepals reflexed, nearly equalling the petals. Achenes 6—12, pubes-
cent, oval, not much compressed, beak short toflexed.

19. R. Wallichianus, W. € A. Prodr. i. 4; perennial, prostrate, hairy,
leaves ternatipartite, achenes compressed orbicular tubercled.— Wight Ic.
t. 937; H. f. & T. F l. Ind, 38. R. pinnatus, Wight TU. i. 6, not of Poiret.

Temperate zone of the mountains of Certon and Nironrni.

Stems spreading and rooting at the nodes from the perennial rootstock, hirsute, rarely |
glibrate. Radical leaves 1-14 in. diam.; segments stalked, obovate-cuneate, sharply |
cut and toothed ; cauline 3-partite. Peduncles 1-flowered, leaf-opposed and terminal.

Flowers } in. diam. Sepals reflexed, much shorter than the petals. Aehenes flattened,
margiued, both dotted and tubercled.

20. R. muricatus, Jinn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, glabrous, rarely
hairy, leaves 3-fid, achenes oval flattened tubercled or spinous, rarely smooth.
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 39. R. Cabulicus, Boiss, Diagn. Ser. 2, 9.

Swampy places, at low elevations, in the PuwJAs-HnALAYA, and in the plains at
Prsnawun and AmpaLian.—Disrris. Europe, W. Asia, temperate N. America.

Stems 4-12 in. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., lobes irregularly cut, base rounded or cordate,
of the upper cuneate. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., solitary and leaf-opposed, or terminal
and panicled. Sepals reflexed, rather shorter than the petals. Achenes in a large
giobose head, § in. long, tubercles scattered over the flattened sides, ur confined to neat
the intramarginal rib; beak straight, compressed, ribbed, tip hooked.

21. R. arvensis, Linn. ; annual, erect, much branched, glabrous or
silky above, radical leaves cuneate or obovate 3-5-toothed, cauline 3-partite,
achenes few large obliquely obovate not margined, densely spinous. Wal.
Cat. 4700 ; Royle IU. 53 ; H. f. d T. Fl Ind. 39. R. tuberculatus, DC. Prodr.
1 41.

Westeen Himanaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon.—DisrRIE. Europe, Asia Minor,
Affghanistan, Western Siberia.

Stem solitary, 6-24 in. Leaves variable, lowest 1-2 in., soon withering, segments of
cauline cut into linear lobes. Flowers ; in. diam. Sepals appressed to and half the

length of the petals. Achenes 5-10, usually clothed with hooked spines; style straight
or hooked.

|

Ranunculus.) 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 21

| DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES,
2 R. vestitus, Wall. Ca^. 4707. The specimens consist of a few long-petioled radical
leaves, ‘
R. bulbosus, L. (H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.°37). Probably intercalated by mistake amongst
Boyle's Indian Plants. It has been found by no one else.

8. OXYGRAPHIS, Bunge.

Dwarf perennial glabrous stemless plants, with 1-flowered scapes. Leaves
entire. Flowers regular, yellow. Sepals 5, persistent, enlarged after flower-
Ing. Petals 10-15, with a nectariferous pit_on the claw. Stamens many.

many, membranous, ina globose head, beaked by the straight subu-
te persistent style. Seed erect. —A genus of 2 species, differing from
anunculus in the persistent sepals.

I. 0. glacialis, Bunge En. Pl. Alt. 35; leaves elliptic-oblong, scape
Way. H.f & T. Fl, Ind. 97. Ficaria glacialis, Fisch.

ALPINE Himataya: Kumaon, Strachey & Winterb. ; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft.,
pe f.—Dierum. Siberia, Dahuria. .
talon Tous. Leaves 4-1} in., somewhat fleshy, obtuse, entire or crenate; petiole
in e sheathing at the base. Scape erect, 1-4 in., thickened upwards. Flowers
sepals lam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Petals 12-15, narrow-oblong, twice as long as the

2. 0. Polypetala, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind 27 ; leaves orbicular crenate-lobed,
«apes usually several, Ranunculus polypetalus, Royle IU. 54, t. 11, f. 2.
nthemum Endlicheri, Walp. Rep. i. 33.
Inver Arere and Tisetan HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 12-15,000 ft.
ru tufted; roots fibrous, Leaves 1-2 in. diam., membranous, base cordate,
ob eines with 3 crenate lobes. Scapes 2-4 in. weak. Flowers 1 in. diam. Petals
?^Éspathulate, Achenes as in O. glacialis.

9. CALTHA, Linn.

Herbs With stot i ‘ ical te or
at creeping rootstocks. eaves chiefly radical, ovate
Mh. lowers few, erminal, regular, white or yellow. gf 5 or more,
sessi] 1d, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many. Carpels several,
nent raphe icles many, many-seeded. Seeds many, 2-seriate, with a promi-
raphe and thick funicle.—DisrRrB. N. and S temp. regions ; sp. 5-6.

|. €. palustris Linn. ; leafy, leaves reniform or deltoid

W. Spreading lobes, UH M ON ranched 40. d Himalensis, Don Prodr.

culata We IU. 54. C. Govaniana, Wall, Cat. 4710; Royle IU. 54 C. pani-
ta, Wall. Cat, 4711, |

M . T
Boos of the Western TEMPERATE Himaaya, from Kashmir to Nipal; alt.

ft.—Distrin. Tem : i
. erate Europe, Asia, and N. America. .
stout, densely fibrous. Stem stout, 6-24 in. Radical leaves long-petioled,

2-5 in. di : a :
Polini, am, entire or finely or coarsely toothed ; upper sessile. Flowers 1-2 1n. diam.

Indian ger able in number and length of style.—The leaves are never quite eutire in
zs Specimens, and are often more closely- ‘and smaller-toothed than in European.
Š alis; flower yellow. .
AR. 2, * flowers white,—C, alba, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq, Voy. Bot. vi, t. 4.

2 c.
may joe poBa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 40; leaves all radical oval, scapes

22 Í. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Caltha.

Eastern ArrfwE HIMALAYA, Sikkim in marshes, alt. 15-17,000 ft., Hook. f.

Rootstock densely fibrous. Leaves all radical, 1-14 in. diam,, long-petioled, obtuse,
base deeply cordate, entire or finely repand-crenate. Scapes many, 3-6 in. Flowers
1 in. diam. Sepals 5-6, oval, somewhat persistent. Follicles many, stalked.

10. CALATHODES, H. f. & T.

A perennial, erect, leafy herb. eaves palmatipartite. lowers terminal,
regular, large. Sepals 5, golden-yellow, deciduous. Petals 0. Carpels
many ; ovules 8-10, 2-seriate towards the base of the carpel. rw un-
known.—Intermediate between Caltha and Trollius, having the apetalous
flowers of the former, and divided leaves of the latter.

1. C. palmata, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 41.

EASTERN TEMPERATE HriMALAYA, Sikkim, alt. 10,000 ft., Hook. f. mE

Stem 1-2 ft, simple or branched. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., radical soon withering;
cauline 3-partite, segments cuneate at the base, deeply 3-lobed, lobes acuminate inciso-
serrate, petiole with a basal inflated membranous sheath. Flowers nearly 2 in. diam.

11. TROLLIUS, Linn.

Erect, perennial herbs. eaves palmate. Flowers terminal, regular, glo-
bose or subglobose. Sepals 5 or more, petaloid, coloured. Petals 5 or more,
small, clawed, blade with a basal pit. Stamens very many. Carpels 5 or
more, sessile; ovules many, 2-seriate. Seeds angled, testa coriaceous.—
DISTRIB, 9 species, N. temperate andarctic.

1, T. acaulis, Lindl. in Bot. Heg. 1842, Misc. 56. and 1843, t. 82; stem
leafy above the middle, petals short-clawed, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 41.
pumilus, Royle Ill. 54 (not of Don).

Western ALPINE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11—13,000 ft. .

Rootstock stout, fibres thick. Stem simple, 3-6 in. in flower, 12 or more in fruit,
base clothed with fibres. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers; radical long-
petioled, palmati-5-partite, segments oblong-lanceolate, incised ; cauline 1-3, similar ;
base of petiole sheathing. lowers 2 in. diam., solitary. Sepals 6-8, broad-oval,
spreading, obtuse or entire. Petals 12-16, shorter than the stamens; blade oblong.
Carpels many, ripe 1 in, membranous, wrinkled, style persistent.—Very near T. laxus,
Salisb. (americanus, DC.), and patulus, Salisb.

2 T. pumilus, Don Prodr. 195; cauline leaves few, all below the
middle of the stem, petals long-clawed—Z f. & T. Fl, Ind. 41.

ALPINE HIMALAYA, in the interior ranges; Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft.; Nipal; Sikkim,
alt. 15-17,000 ft.

Ro. tstock horizontal. Stem 6-12 in., naked above, base clothed with old leaves.
Leaves 1-2 in. diam., radical long-petioled, orbicular, coriaceous, 5-partite ; segments
Lroad-obovate, 3-lobed, toothed, base cuneate. Flowers 1in. diam., solitary.

5-6, rounded, tip obtuse, notched, subpersistent. Petals 10-12, equalling the filaments,

binde cuneate-oblong, obtuse, tip thickened. Follicles many, membranous, beaked by
the short style.

12, COP TIS, Salisb,

Small stemless herbs; rootstock perennial Leaves ternatisect. Flowers
regular, small, white, on slender leafless scapes, Sepals 5-6. Petals 5-6,
clawed, hooded or linear. Carpels few or many, pedicelled, spreading ;

^»

Coptis. | I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 23

ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Seeds with a black crustaceous testa.
‘aa North temperate zone; species 6.—Genus too nearly allied to
sopyrum.

l. C. Teeta, Wall. in Trans. Med. & Phys. Soc. Cale. viii. 347; H. f. €
T. Fl. Ind. 42 ; Griff. Journ. 37; Notul. iv. 733, Zc. iv. t. 660, f. 2.

Misr Mrs., east of Assam, in the temperate region.

Rootstock horizontal, golden yellow, woody, densely fibrous, very bitter. Leaves
glabrous; petioles 6-12 in.; leaflets 2-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobes incised,
minal largest. Scape slender, equalling the leaves. Flowers 1-3, pedicelled, bracts
e. Sepals 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals narrow, ligulate, obtuse, $
shorter than the sepals.—Characters taken chiefly from Wallich’s description ; Griffiths
" je a ns are in leaf only. The very bitter rootstock is much used as a drug in

13. ISOPY RUM, Linn.

i Small stemless herbs ; annual, or rootstock perennial Leaves decompound.
ace regular, white, few or solitary, on leafless or leafy slender scapes.
TPA 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, variable, very small or 0. Stamens
oe T More. Carpels 2-20, sessile; ovules 3 or more. Follicles few or
ii coded. Seeds with a smooth or granulated testa, crustaceous.— DISTRI.
temperate regions ; species 7.

a: I, adiantifolium, H. f. & T. Fl, Ind. 42 ; cauline leaves opposite or
Sá ed compound, petals long-clawed, carpels 3.
Hook.f. a Eastern HIMALAYA, outer moist valleys of Sikkim, alt. 7500 ft.,

M erede slender, horizontal, scaly. Radical leaves long-petioled, stipellate at the
T š: © petiole; terminal segment simple, lateral compound ; leaflets 5-7 petiolulate,
» cuneate at the base, obtuse, crenate. Flowers $ in. diam.

2 x, thalictroides, 7; i -lobed or 3-folio-
s Linn. ; cauline leaves alternate 3-lobed or

ji petals hooded shortly clawed, carpels 2-4. DC. Prodr. i. 48 ; H.f. & T.

^ . 43. L anemonoides, Kar. & Kir. En. Pl. Soong. No. 55.
id titu Western Hiwarava, north of Kashmir, Winterbottom ; Lahul.—
B. Affghanistan, Siberia, E. Europe. I

tenate: gek horizontal, fibrous or scaly. Stem 4-8 in., slender. Radical leaves 2-3-
ew-flow "aeta 2-3-lobed, cuneate at the base, membranous. Flowers | in. diam., in
ered terminal panicles. Sepals oval, obtuse. Petals with a filiform claw.

ic : :
ennt oval, beaked by the style.— The petals are very variable in European

3, X. £randif . . è ll radi ] 2-4
i ndiflorum, Fisch. in DC. Prodr. i. 48; leaves all radical 2—
Dn {omatisect, carpels 3-7. "Wall. Cat, 9123; Royle Ill. 64, t. 11, È 3;
wins : Fl. Ind. 43. I. microphyllum, Royle Ill. l.c. f. 4.
Siberia, ERN ALPINE Himataya, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 13-17,000 ft. —DistRIB.

Leaves long-
-obovate, 2-3-

8 . .
"n densely tufted; rootstock stout, clothed with rigid bristles.
" Flower

bed, ,Petiole auricled at the sheathing base; leaflets small, cuneate

à eg : h Ñ ite bracts.
Solitary, * i a. dii» equalling the leaves, with 2 small subopposite brac

b 14. AQUILEGIA, Linn.
pound. Flowers re-

rect, Perennial-root
-rooted herbs. Leaves ternately compout
gular, handsome, drooping, white purple or yellow, Sepals 5, regular,

24 I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Aquilegia.

coloured, deciduous. Petals 5, funnel-shaped, produced into a spur at the
base. Stamens many, inner reduced to scales. Carpels 5 or more, sessile;
ovules many. Follicles many-seeded Seeds with a crustaceous testa—
DISTRIB. North temperate zone; species 5 or 6, with many subspecies and
varieties,

1. A. vulgaris, T. ; glabrous or pubescent, stem usually branched, leaves
biternately compound, lobes incised sessile or petiolulate, sepals larger than
the carpels and stamens, spur of petals gradually narrowed to the point.

Wesrerx Temperate and SUBALPINE Hiwataya.—Disrars, Temp. Europe and
Asia.

Sussr. 1. YULGARIS proper; glabrous or slightly pubescent, sepals ovate obtuse,
spur hooked as long as the blade of the petal.—A. vulgaris, DC. &c.—Tibetan region.,

Sussr. 2. viscosa ; habit, &c. of vulgaris proper, but smaller, odorous, and covere
with glandular hairs.—A. viscosa, Gouan, &c.— Western Tibet, abundant.

SUBSP. 3. PUBIFLORA; softly pubescent, sepals ovate-lanceolate tapering to à fine
point, spur short much curved.—A. pubiflora, Wall. Cat. n. 4714; Royle 1U. t. 55.—
‘Temperate outer Himalaya.

Sunsp. 4. ALPINA; pubescent or glandular, leaflets generally much cut, flowers very
large, sepals obtuse or subacute, spur nearly straight—A. alpina, L. &c.; Deless.
Ic. i. t. 48. A. glandulosa, Fisch in DC. Prodr. 1. 50.—Alpine region of the West
Himalaya.

SupsP. 5. PYRENAICA ; softly pubescent or glandular often glaucous, flowers often
white and sweet-scented, sepals ovate acute, spur very long slender straight or hooked.
—A. pyrenaica, DC. Prodr. i. 50. A. Kanawarensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 5;
Bot. Mag. t. 4493 ; A. Moorcroftiana, Wall Cat. n. 4713; Royle Ill. 55. A. Olympica,
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 71. A. glauca, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvi. t. 46. A. fragrans, Benth.
in Maund’s Botanist, iv. t. 151.—Alpine and temperate western Himalaya and Tibet,
alt. 10-14,000 ft.

SuBsP. 6. Jucunpa; stem simple 4-8 in. leafless or with one small leaf, flower very
large dark purple, sepals very broadly ovate, spur short much incurved.—A. jucunda,
Fisch & Mey.; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 136.—Kashmir.

15. DELPHINIUM, Linn.

Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers
racemed or panicled, irregular, white blue or purplish. Sepals 5, free or
cohering at the base, dorsal spurred behind. Petals 2-4, small; spurs o
the 2 dorsal developed within that of the sepal; 2 lateral spurless or 0.
Stamens many. Follicles 1-7. Seeds many, testa wrinkled or plaited.—
Distris. N. temperate zone ; species about 40, very variable.

* Spur cylindric or inflated (not subulate or conical).

1, D. uncinatum, Z.f. € T.; leaves 5-partite, segments inciso-p!n-
natifid, flowers 3 in. long, spur inflated hooked obtuse. D. penicillatum,
H. f. € T. Fi. Ind. 48, not of Boissier. D. vestitum, Boiss, Fl. Or. i. 92, not
of Wall. € Royle,

Salt range of the Puxsas, Vicary, and West HiMATAYA, from Banahal to Marti;
on dry hills, Winterbottom, &c.

Stem 1-2 ft, simple or sparingly branched, pubescent or glabrous, few.leaved.
Radical leaves 2 in. Flowersinlong many-flowered densely glandular-hairy or glabrous
racemes. Spur equalling or shorter than the flower, more or less incurved. Anterior
petals deeply 2-fid, densely hairy. Follicles 8, straight. .

A West Asiatic form, which we formerly identified with D. penicillatum, of Boissier,
who, however, with far better materials before him, considers it distinct. 'The glabrous
form was found at the Margala pass, near Rawal Pindi, by Major Vicary.

Delphinium.) 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 25

2 D. incanum, Royle IU. 55; leaves 3-partite, segments multifid,
flowers 12 in. long, spur almost straight cylindric. ZZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 50.
spares Temperate HiwALAYA, from Gores and Kashmir to Kunawer, alt.

000 ft. ME

Stems 14-3 ft.; simple below, leafy, hoary all over. Radical leaves soun withering,
2 in. diam., segments subpinnatifid, lobes linear or incised; cauline subsessile.
Racemes simple or compound, terminal, long and dense flowered; pedicels 1 in.; brac-
icles 2, linear. Flowers large, bright blue. Sepals pubescent outside, shorter than

spur. Anterior petals 2-fid, hairy. Follicles 3, puberulous.

T Spur subulate.

t Radical leaves divided to, or almost to the base (sze 8, elatum).

3. D. saniculæfolium, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 91 ; stem l-2 ft., pomo
ing m ny-flowered, flowers about 1 in. long pale blue. Z.f. & T. Fl.

on RN PUNJAB, on dry hills from the Indus to the Jelam, Fleming. — Distr.
&nistan,
ranches rigid, spreading, hoary with appressed pubescence or glabrate. Leaves
; In. diam., firm, lateral segments deeply 2-lobed, lobes all cuneate and ei
24 Straight, spur rather larger than the pale blue flowers. Anterior peta
Ó white, back hairy. Follicles 3, glabrous or pubescent.

4 D. denudatum, Wall. Cat. No. 4719; stem 2-3 ft., racemes many-
flowered, flowers nearly 1 in, long. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 49. D. pauciflorum,
Royle Ti. 55 (not of Don).

on TEMPERATE Himataya, from Kashmir to Kumaon in grassy places. ae
ben ranched, glabrous or downy above. Radical leaves 2-6 in. diam., or Mim ,
can partite; segments cuneate-obovate, 2 pinnatifid, lobes oblong or linear.oblong i
wd few, T Permost 3-partite, segments linear entire. Flowers pale blue, " mx
outsid "anched racemes; bracts linear; pedicels 2-bracteolate. Sepals pe sceni
2h Yellow with blue margins. Anterior petals deeply 2-fid, hairy on both surfaces.

3, inflated, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

* D. cærul 7, t.6; stem 3-12

in. muc] eum, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 7, V. 6 ;

In. much branched, racemes few-flowered, flowers l in. or more long. H.f.
eS . $7,

— Himauaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, attaining alt. 17,000 ft. in the latter

"nes branched from the base, leafy, spreading. Leaves suborbicular, à in. diam,
«4 lobes cuneate-oblong, incised Or pinnatifid, segments linear. h "ter than

"Ong branches, or few in a loose raceme, pale blue, hairy. Sepals shorter t

: i L ai .
ida Š hairy Spur. Anterior petals obovate or obcordate, a little hairy

5 D. elatum, leaves orbicular or reniform, palmate to the middle (or base in

8. D. d s: ftly tomentose,
flow, aSycaulon, Fresen, Mus, Senk. ii. 272; stem softly ,
Dela. ¢ bright-blue, spur shorter than the sepal. ' H.f. d T. Fl. Ind. 50;
Yaqa Bombay Fl. 2; Oliver FI. Trop. Afr. i. 1. f

ns of the DERKAN + Junir, St. ks, &c.— Disrnin. Abyssinia.

‘ane a ft, branched, fewleaved: Radical leaves 3-6 in. diam., ael eda
tie $ partite., veined beneath, lobes broadly trapezoid, 3-fid, segm - lower

2in, |

d
°, Segments narrower, inciso-pinnatifid. Racemes lax, compound ; late.
Pine, ishu Y: oblong or lanceolate, appt linear; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate

lue, inodorous, Sepals 4-1 in., with a bearded dorsal pale spot. Spur

26 I. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Delphinium,

conic, slightly curved, nearly 4 as long as the sepal. Anterior petals 2-fid. Follicles
3 in., tomentose.

7. D. altissimum, Wall. Plant. As. Rar. ii. t. 128 ; Cat. 4718; stem
sparsely hairy glabrous below, racemes lax few-flowered, flowers deep
blue or purple, spur longer than the sepals. Grif. It. Notes, 54 (No. 827);
H.f. € T. TL Ind. 51.

CENTRAL HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Wallich. Kuasta nilis, above 5000 ft., Griffith, &c.

Stem 2-4 ft., much branched, few-leaved, hairs spreading. Radical leaves 3-6 in.
diam., pale beneath, 5—7-fid, lobes broadly cuneate, 3-lobed, coarsely toothed; cauline
sessile, 3-lobed or entire; petiole 1 ft. and under. Racemes long, lax, few- flowered ;
pedicels often 2 in.; bracts and bracteoles linear. Flowers large, very fetid, hairy
outside. Spur subulate, incurved. Anterior petals 2-lobed, hairy; posterior dark-
purple, 2-toothed. Follicles 3, pubescent.

8. D. elatum, Z.; stem glabrous or hairy, racemes dense-flowered,
flowers pale blue or purplish, spur equalling the sepals. D. ranunculi-
folium, Wall. Cat. 4716; H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 51. D. incisum, Wall. Cat. 4717.
D. pyramidale, Royle Ill. 56. D. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch Bot. Reise Pr. Wald.
t. 39.

West Temperate Hranaya, in the inner and Tibetan valleys, alt. 10- 12,000 ft.;
from Kumaon to Kashmir. .

Stem 2-4 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., rounded or reniform, pale
beneath, 5-7-lobed or -partite, segments cuneate-oblong, 3-lobed or variously cut.
Racemes much branched, elongate; pedicels 1-3 in.; lower bracts leafy, 3-lobed or
-partite; bracteoles linear. F'lowers hairy outside. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Spur
subulate. Follicles 3.

Van. 1. ranunculifolium; leaves 5-lobed to about the middle, segments broadly
cuneate.

Var. 2. incisum; leaves 5-partite, segments narrow incised.

*** Spur inflated, conical. Flowers large; sepals connivent, mem-
branous. :

9. D. vestitum, Wall. Cat. 4715; stem hispid, leaves palmately 5-7-
lobed, flowers in long dense racemes, Royle IU. 55; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 52.
D. rectivenium, Royle IU. 56.

West and CENTRAL TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-12,000 ft. from Nipal to
Kuna wer. .

Stem 14-3 ft., simple below, hairs spreading or reflexed. Radical leaves 6-12 In.
diam., lobes rounded, cut or toothed ; petiole 6-12 in.; cauline 2-3, smaller. Racemé
often 1 ft., simple or sparingly branched below; pedicels 1-3 in.; bracts linear 9f
lanceolate, lower sometimes 3-lobed ; bracteoles 2 above the middle. Flowers dense,

large, hairy. Sepals membranous, broad, rounded, equalling or exceeding the conica
incurved spur. Jollicles 3.

10. D. Cashmirianum, Royle IUl. 55, t. 19; stem glabrous strigos¢
or softly hairy, leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes sharply cut, flowers in lax
corymbs. H.f. & T. Fl Ind. 52 (excl. Syn. D. Jacquemontianum, Camb.).

West Tiger and Tiperan HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-16,000 ft.
Stem 1-14 ft., few-leaved, glabrous or :oftly or hispidly hairy. Radical leaves 2-410.
diam., lobes cuneate-ovate, acute, 3-lobed and cut; cauline 3—5-partite. Branches 9
corymb terminating in few-flowered racemes, upper bracts lanceolate ; bracteoles linear.
1 in. or more long, hairy, equalling or exceeding the straight conical spur.
Foilicles 3-7, downy.—The strigose states are best distinguished from small plants 9
D. vestitum, by the inflorescence and size of the flowers.

27
Delphinium.] 1. RANUNCULACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

; stem covered with soft brown
. m, 77. f. €& T. Fl. Ind. 52; s pda
iik wien dA palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes obtusely ,
flowers corymbose.
Arrme East HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook. f. at length glabrate,
Stem 1-2 ft, branched from the base. Leaves 2-4 in. ia pat engt E arate,
lobed to near the middle. Flower solitary or few at the ends of e ally oval pale
corymb ; bracts 3-partite; bracteoles linear-oblong. Sepa s ain, spur. > Follicle 3,
awqam tomentose, membranous, equalling the conical in
glabrous, ciliate on the suture.

12. D. glaciale, JZ. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 53; stem softly hairy, leaves
partite, bes deeply multifid, flowers in lax corymbs.

AuriNE East HiNALAYA; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft. Hook. Lay catinte, Corymbs
tem 3-6 in., simple leafy. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., segmen 8 proe near, or out into
few-flowered ; bracts leafy ; bracteoles many on the long pe ian EDINA,
inear lobes.’ Flowers large, hairy. Sepa exceeding L "i Tong W hole plant of
longer than the short straight conical spur. Follicles 4-5, 4
à rank musk odour,

ny below
i. D. Brunonianum, Royle Ill. 56 ; stem TA ong or sharply cut or
glandular-pubescent above, leaves 5-fid to the mud Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5461.
toothed, flowers corymbose, H.f. € T. FLI nd. 53 '8. t. 7: D. moschatum,
;"Aequemontianum, Camb, in J acq. Voy. Bot. 8, t. T;
Munro in H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 53.
ft. T ate-ovate ;
Sten x VET Timer, I beo ded. Leaves 3-4 in. diam 7 eee nce compound ;
ioleg very long. Flowers large, pale-blue, hairy; corym * membranous, orbicular,
som 3-5-partite, upper simple, oblong or linear. Sepals l viscidly pubescent; whole
veined; longer than the conic spur. Follicles 5-6, 1 in, M and texture of the pos-
plant musky. — D. moschatum was distinguished by the colour
terior petal, which proves to be very variable.

" n Prodr., 195),
D. scaperrronum Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 412 (D. Carela rena follicles ; it
*ppears to differ from D. altissimum, and vestitum chie p mace exist in the Walli-
scribed from Nipal specimens of Wallich, but none thus vot
chian Herbarium, . were brought by Dr. Hoo °
Tagments of a Delphinium closely allied to D. incanum he slightly notched. petals,
fom Tibet, north of Sikkim it differs from D. cocamum in t
' id may be new,

; jacis or common
` pauciflorum, Don Prodr., 196, is doubtless the cultivated D. Ajaci
Larkspur, ,

16. ACONITUM, Linn.
Perennial

ipartite, rarely
» erect, rarely twining, herbs. Jeaves Pama Sepals 5,
entire owers irregular racemed, blue purple y terior narrower than
Fetaloid, osterior (helmet) vaulted, the rest flat, coded and enclosed in
the lateral, Petals 2-5 ; 2 posterior clawed, limb hoo Follicles 3-5, sessile.
the helmet, 3 lower small or obsolete. Stamens DISTRIB North temp. zone,
is ; Many ; testa spongy, rugose or wrinkled.— DISTRIB.
"Pecies about 183.

Jum, and certain
«£4. Napa tho species, except A. Zyeoctontm, A. c Hl ‘people. We
fro A. Napellus are isonous, and called Bikh or Bis 7 vee much relied on by
have omitted, the charactors taken from the petals (which are
Stematists g

; iscrimination in
ause they are so variable and so difficult of exact d
Specimens,

ge un indeterminabie
specie, nus Nrngisra of Don (Gen. Syst. Gard. i. 63) was founded on an
es of this genus,

28 I. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aconitum.

1. A. uncinatum, Linn. ; stem twining, leaves palmately 3-5-fid,
flowers panicled, helmet with a short blunt dorsal cone, testa plaited.
DC. Prodr. i. 60. A variegatum, ZZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 56 (not of L.). .

East TEMPERATE HiMALAYA ; Sikkim, Lachoong valley, alt. 9000 ft., Hook. f.

Stem several feet long, very slender, weak, sparingly branched, glabrous or puberulous.
Leaves 3-4 in. broad, lobes cuneate-ovate sharply cut and toothed ; bracts similar.
Flowers $-1 in. long, in open large panicles, yellowish or bluish-green. Helmet much,
arched,. bluntly beaked in front. Spur reflexed. follicles 5, glabrous.—Specimens
too scanty for correct identification.

2. A. Lycoctonum, Lina; stem erect much branched, leaves pal-
mately deeply 5-9-lobed, racemes branched, helmet with a short beak and
long cylindric or conical dorsal prominence, testa plaited. DC. Prodr. i. 57.,
H.f. €& T. Fl. Ind. 72. A. leve, Royle Ill. 56.

West TEMPERATE HiMALAYA; Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 710,000 ft.—DisrRiB.
Europe, N. Asia.

Stem 3-6 ft., glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 6-10 in. diam., lobes cuneate-ovate,
sharply cut, lower long petioled, upper sessile. — Zacemes long, tomentose ; bracts
minute. Flowers pale yellow or dull purple, variable in size. Follicles 3, spreading.

3. A. luridum, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 55; stem erect simple, leaves
palmately 5-fid below the middle, raceme simple, helmet with a long
straight beak and broad dome-like dorsal prominence, testa smooth.

ArPINE East HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 14.000 ft., Hook. f.

Stem 2-3 ft., slightly pubescent, few-leaved. Radical leaves 2-3 in. diam., segments
cuneate-ovate, 3-fid and coarsely crenate, petiole long; cauline 2—5-partite. —Ziaceme
1-1 ft., pedicels short; lower bracts leafy, sessile, 3—5-partite, upper entire. Flowers
dull red. Sepals brown-tomentose. ollicles 3-5, erect.

4 A.palmatum, Don Prodr. 196; stem erect simple below, leaves
reniform deeply 5-lobed, panicle few-flowered, helmet much vaulted shortly
beaked, testa plaited. Wall. Cat. 4723; Royle Ill. 57; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind.
56; A. lethale, Griffith Notul. iv. 732.

OPERATE HiwALAYA, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 8-10,000 ft.; Mismur,

ifft h.

tem 2—5 ft., leafy, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., sinus shallow ; segments cuneate-

ovate, deeply sharply cut; petioles long. Flowers large, greenish-blue, pedicels long.
Helmet rather higher than broad. follicles 5, 1-14 in. long, glabrous.

5. A. ferox, Wall. in Seringe Mus. Helvet. i. 160, & in DC. Prodr. i. 64
(not of Plant, As. Rar.) ; stem erect simple below, leaves rounded or oval
palmately 5-fid, raceme terminal dense-flowered, helmet vaulted with a short

sharp beak, testa plaited. Wall. Cat, 4721, BC D ; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 56;
A. virosum, Don Prodr. 196.

TEMPERATE SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 10-14,000 ft.

Stem 3-6 ft., puberulous, leafy. Leaves 3-6 in. ; lobescuneate-ovate, incised. Racemé
6-12 in, simple or sparingly branched below, tomentose; pedicels 1-2 in. thickened at
the top; bracts pinnatifid ; bracteoles linear. Flowers large, pale dirty blue. Helmet

about twice as long as high. ollicles 5, erect, usually densely villous, glabrous in
some Garwhal specimens.

6. A. Napellus, Zinn. ; stem erect simple, leaves palmatipartite, seg-
ments linear multifid, raceme simple few- or many-flowered, helmet shallow,

prd to a slender beak, testa smooth. DC. Prodr. i. 62; H. f. & T. Fl.
. 97.

Aconitum.) — t. RANUNCULACEZE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 29

Temperate ALPINE HIMALAYA, from 10,000 ft. to the highest limit of vegetation in
the N, W. provinces.—DisrRIB. Temp. and arctic Europe, Asia, and America.

Stem 6 in.—3 ft, often decumbent in small states, glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Leaves very variable in size, ultimate divisions linear. Racemes simple or sparingly
compound; bracts entire or 3-fid. Flowers 3-1 in. long, bright or dull greenish-blue.
Helmet three times as long ashigh. Follicles 3-5, in the Indian forms hairy. —An
extremely variable plant, of which we have vainly attempted to refer the Indian forms
to those indicated by Regel. The small alpine forms closely resemble the arctic American
forms of' A. delphinifolium. The roots of vars. 1 nd 2 are poisonous, but those of
8 and 4 are eaten by the Bhoteas.

Van. 1. NAPELLUS proper; stem 2-3 ft. leafy, raceme dense flowered.

Van, 2, RIGIDUM; stem 2—3 ft. few-leaved, leaves firm subcoriaceous with spreading
falcate sharp teeth, raceme lax few-flowered, tomentose. A. dissectum, Don Prodr. 197 ;
Wall. Cat. 4724 ; Royle 1.54. A. ferox, Wall. Cat. 4721 A; Plant As. Rar. t. 41.

, AR. 3. MULTIFIDUM ; stem 6-12 in. erect or decumbent few-leaved, leaves 1-2 in.
diam, many-lobed to the base, lobes cut into linear segments; racemes lax few- or many-
^ A. multifidum, Royle JU. 56. A.oliganthemum, Kern. Nov. Pl. Sp. Dec.

„Var. 4. ROTUNDIFOLIUM; like var. 3, but leaves not divided to the base. A. rotun-
difolium, Kar. & Kir.; Led. Fl. Ross. n. 1740. A. Tianschanicum, Osk. & Rupr.

` Tian. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersh. 1869.

d A. heterophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4722; stem erect leafy, leaves

toad ovate or orbicular-cordate more or less 5-lobed and -toothed, upper

entire amplexicaul, raceme many-flowered, helmet shortly beaked, testa

T oth. Royle Ill. 56,t.13; H.P. & T. Fl. Ind. 58. A. cordatum, Royle
. A. Atees, Royle in Journ, As. Soc, Bengal, i. 459.

Wesr TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Hasora, alt. 8-13,000 ft.
em 1-3 ft., simple or branched from the base, glabrous below, puberulous above.
Le ves 2-4 in., acute or obtuse ; cauline sharply toothed, the lowest long petioled and
amplexicaul. Reeemes often panicled ; bracts sharply toothed, upper 3-tid or entire.
Powers more than 1 in. long, bright blue, greenish blue with purple veins. Helmet
as high as long. Follicles 5, downy —Root much valued in India, according to
we, as a febrifuge and tonic,

t

17. ACTÆA, Linn.

- erect perennial herb. eaves alternate, ternately compound. Flowers
Paap, 3hort crowded racemes, Sepals 3-5, rather unequal, petaloid.
4-10, small, spathulate, or 0, Stamens many, filaments slender.
depen, ty many-ovuled ; stigma sessile, dilated. Berry many-seeded. Seeds
ae testa coriaceous, smooth. !
au" spicata, Linn. ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate entire or 3-lobed acutely
Care. DC. Prodr. i. 65; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 59. A. acuminata, Wall.
' 726; Royle TU. 57. —

. wn HMALAYA, from Bhotan, Grifith, to Hazara.—Distris. Europe, N. Asia,

79 It., erect, from a woody horizontal rootstock, covered at the base with leafless
ine Leaves 1 ft. ; leaflets 4-2 in. Haceme 1-3 in.; pedicels filiform, | Flowers
` am., white, Berry elliptic or subglobose ; black in the European and Himalsyan

White and red ,

18. CIMICIFUGA, Linn.

Erect perenni = inl
nial herbs, Zeaves 2-5-ternately divided. Flowers in long
Sender Tacemes, regular, Sepals 4-5, deciduous, petaloid. Petals (or trans-

'

30 I. RANUNCULACEA. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [ Cimicifuga.

formed stamens) 1-8, small, clawed, 2-horned at the tip. Stamens many,
filament slender. Carpels 1-8, many-ovuled. Fruit of many-seeded follicles.
Seeds compressed, testa smooth or scaly.—Distrip, Europe, N. Asia,
N. America ; species about 8.

1. C. foetida, Linn. ; leaflets ovate or lanceolate serrate glabrous or
downy, racemes panicled. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 59. C. frigida, Royle Jil. 57,
Actea cimicifuga, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 64. A. frigida, Wall. Cat. 4725.

Temperate HIMALAYA, from Bhotan, Griffith, to Gores and Kashmir; alt. 7-12,000
ft.—DisrgiB. E. Europe, Siberia. I

Stem 3-6 ft., leafy, branched, glabrous below, tomentose above. Leaflets 2-3 m.,
pale beneath, terminal often 3-lobed. acemes rarely simple. Flowers small, yellowish.
Petals more or less 2-fid. Follicles 4-8, 4 in. long.

19. PZEONIA, Linn.

Erect, stout, leafy, perennial herbs or undershrubs. Zeaves alternate,
compound. Flowers large, solitary or panicled, white or red. Sepals,
herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5-10, larger than the sepals. Stamens many.
Carpels 1-5, girt below by a fleshy disk, many-seeded. Fruit of 1 or more
coriaceous few-seeded follicles, Seeds large, subglobose, testa thick ; albu
men fleshy.—DisrRIB. N. temp. zone; species 3-4,

1, P. emodi, Wall, Cat. 4727 ; flowers usually in the axils of the upper
leaves long peduncled, follicles 1 rarely 2. Royle Ill. 57 ; Hook. f. in Bot.
Mag. t. 5719. P. officinalis, H. f. & T. Ind. 60 (not of L.).

Wesr Temperate HiMALAYA; alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Hazara.

Erect, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in., once or twice ternatisect; leaflets decut
rent, entire or incised, ultimate segments oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers 3-8; buds globose ; bracts 2-3, leafy, appressed to
the calyx. Sepals rounded, outer with a leafy point. Follicles ovoid, obtuse, strigose

or glabrous.—The specimens from the outer Himalaya are usually 1-carpellary, from
the inner 2-carpellary.

Var. 1. EMODI proper ; follicles strigose with yellow-brown hairs.

Var. 2. GLABRATA ; follicles glabrous.—Very near the Siberian, P. albiflora, but mone
carpellary.

Orpver II. DILLENIACEZ:. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Trees shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, simple,
entire or toothed (pinnatipartite in Acrotrema), exstipulate with sheathing
petioles, or more rarely with lateral deciduous stipules. Flowers yellow or
white, often showy. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5 (rarely 2 or 4)
deciduous. Stamens many, hypogynous, many-seriate ; anthers innate, wit
lateral slits or terminal pores. Carpels 1 or more, free or cohering im the
axis ; styles always distinct; ovules amphitropous, solitary or few and
ascending, or many and attached to the ventral suture, Fruit of follicles,
or indehiscent and subbaccate, Seeds solitary or many, arillate, testa crus

taceous, raphe short, albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, next the hilum.—
Disrrie, Chiefly tropical ; species about 200,

TRIBE T. Delimece. Filaments thickened u

wards ; t, cells,
remote oblique. P ; anthers short, ]

II. DILLENIACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 31

Carpel solitary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. DELMA.
Carpels 2-5 5.0... 0... 5... 5. 5... . . 2, TETRACERA.

Tree IT. Dilleniese. Filaments not thickened upwards ; anthers with
parallel cells,

Carpels 3; stemless herbs, leaves all radical large . . . 8. ACROTREMA.
Carpels 3; trees or shrubs... . , , Q . . . . 4. SCHUMACHERIA,
Carpels 5-20; seeds arillate . . . . . . . . . . . 5. WORM.
Carpels 5-20; seeds not arillate. . . . . . . . . . 6. DILLENIA,

1 DELIMA, Linn.

. A woody climber. Leaves very scabrid, parallel-veined. Flowers many,

In terminal panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Sepals 5. Petals 2-5. Stamens

Many ; filaments dilated upwards; cells much diverging. Ovary solita

subglobose, narrowed into a subulate style ; ovules 2-3, ascending. Folli-
ovoid, coriaceous, 1-seeded. Seed with a cupular toothed aril.

l. D. sarmentosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 69; Wall. Cat. 6632; Bot.
Mag. t. 3058, Tetracera sarmentosa, Willd. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 645. Leon-
toglossum scabrum, Hance. in Walp. Ann. iii. 812.

Eastern tropical India, from Assam to Sincarore.—Distris. Eastern Archipelago.

eaves 3-5 in., obovate ovate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, strongly nerved,
quite entire serrate or crenate, appressed-pilose. Flowers }—§ in. diam., in tomentose

9r pilose s i i pals reflexed.—A very variable
Slt nde ding panicles that are often leafy. Sepals refle y

AR. 1. GLABRA; fruit glabrous.
i Mod 2. HEBECARPA ; fruit hairy. D. hebecarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 70; Deless. Ic. Sel.
:/*; Wall. Cat. 6633. D. intermedia, Blume.

2 TETRACERA, Linn.

Trees or climbing shrubs, smooth scabrid or pubescent. Leaves with
parallel lateral veins, Flowers in terminal or lateral panicles, herma-
h odite or partially 1-sexual, Sepals 4-6, spreading. Petals 4-6. Stamens

any, filaments dilated upwards, anther-cells distant. Carpels 3-5 ; ovules
or Ef :P-seriate, Follicles coriaceous, shining. Seeds 1-5, with a fimbriated

othed aril—Disrris, All tropical ; species about 24.

mc, T* levis, Vahl Sym] iii 71; glabrous, leaves smooth, sepals silky

wea glabrous. outside, follicles 1 sceded. ' DC. Prodr. i. 68 5 Wall C at.

5; Wit: - € T. Fl. Ind. 62. T. Rheedii, DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; W. & 4. Prot

Bid. e Ie t. 70, T. trigyna, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 645. T. sericea, AX.
W

ine Peninsua; forests of Malabar; and in Crvrox.— Dismmin. Java to

w anches angular. Leaves 3-5 in., oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, entire or remotely
d veins rather distant. Panicles terminating leafy branches, few- or many-
` Sepals broadly oval.

lui, Assa DC. P i i leaves glabrous
i . Prodr. i. 68 ; young branches strigose, leaves gia
ed on the herves beneath: senaia glabrous on both surfaces, ciliolate,
FI, Tad vp seeded. Wall. Cat, 6629 ; W. & A. Prodr. 5 in note ; H. f. & T.

32 II. DILLENIACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Tetracera.

Eastern BENGAL and Eastern PENINSULA, from Chittagong to Sincapore.— Disrais.
Java, Philippines.
Leaves 2—4 in. oblong, serratures remote. Sepals broadly oval.

3. T. Euryandra, Vahl Symb. ii. 71; young branches tomentose,
leaves rigid, shining above, pubescent beneath, panicle few-flowered, sepals

pubescent outside and densely ciliate, follicles 2-3-seeded. DC. Prodr. i. 68;
Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 646; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 63. T. lucida, Wall. Cat. 6631.

Eastern PrxINSULA ; Malacca and Sincapore.—Disrris. Moluccas and New Caledonia.

Branches angular. Leaves 2-5 in., elliptic-oblong and obtuse, or oblong lanceolate

and mucronate, entire or subdentate at the tip; petiole short. Panicle terminal, leafy,
many-flowered. Sepals ovate-oblong.

4, T. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 6628 (by error macrocarpa) ; young
branches pubescent, leaves rigid scabrid on both surfaces, panicle decom-
pound many:flowered, sepals puberulous outside, follicles 1-seeded.

& T. Fl. Ind. 63.

Eastern PENINSULA, Malacca and Sincapore.

3. ACROTREMA, Jack.

Stemless perennial herbs, with horizontal woody rootstocks. Leaves
large, gland-dotted, entire toothed or pinnatipartite, with sheathing deci-
duous stipules. Scape usually short, axillary, clothed with membranous
imbricated scales. Flowersin short racemes, yellow. _ Sepals 5. Petals 5.
Stamens 15-50, in 3 bundles which alternate with the carpels; filaments
filiform ; anthers erect, cells dehiscing from the middle to the tip. Carpels
3, slightly cohering in the axis ; styles subulate, recurved ; ovules 2 or more.
Frut of 3 follicles, bursting irregularly. Seed with a membranous aril,
testa crustaceous pitted.—DisTRIB. Species about 8, all Indian.

A remarkable genus of very variable species. "The descriptions apply to adult foliage
only, all have the young leaves silky.

* Carpels 1-2-seeded.

1. A. costatum, Jack. in Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 82 ; leaves
obovate base sagittate toothed, flowers 8-10 in lax racemes, stamens 15.
Wall, Cat. 1117 A. ; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 65. A. Wightianum, W. £ A.
Prodr. 6; Wight Ill. t. 9.

Eastern PENINSULA, from Moulmein to Sincapore. .

Leves 3-6 by 13-23 in., rough with stiff hairs, toothed and densely ciliate, veins
beneath pale and hairy, petiole short. Scape shorter than the leaves, setose; pedice!s
much longer than the linear bracts. Ovules collateral, ascending.—In the Flora Indica
Travancore is given as a habitat for this species on the faith of a single specimen in
the Wightian Herbarium fastened in the samesheet A. Arnottianum, and collect
by Keenig, who though he formed most of his collections in the Madras Peninsula, als?
visited the Straits of Malacca.

** Carpels many-seeded,
t Leaves not pinnate or pinnatifid.

9. A. Arnottianum, Wight Ill. 9, t. 3; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse
base rounded or cordate sharply toothed, scape many-flowered. Z. f. € T.
Fl. Ind. 64, A. costatum, Wall. Cat. 1117 B. A. Wightianum, Wall. Cat.
3669 (not of W. £ A.).

D de ease ee ee SER

Aertrema.] — 1r. DILLENIACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 33

W y SULA, Malabar and Travancore. . . E

Tome | $120 bia ciliate and covered with long distant soft hairs, other ne
glabrous ; petioles 1-3 in., broadly winged, but not to the base, _Racemes a ;
2-3 in.; pedicels 2-4 in. clothed with long hairs. Sepals nearly š in.

; te-oblong base

3, A. uniflorum, Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 157; leaves obova g
cordate entire or toothed scabrid on both surfaces, scape 1-2 wered, very
short, stamens 30-50. H. fd T. Fl. J. nd. 64; Thwaites Enum. .
bullatum, and A. sylvaticum, Zw. Lc. 9 & 3.

: : - ft.
Central and Southern Provinces of Crvrow, in shady moist. places, alt. y
Leaves 4-9 by 1-3 in. tapering to the cordate base; Poof which the following

Winged. Flowers small, pedicels 1-2 in.—A very variable plant of whic -

Varieties seem the best marked :— ‘oles 2-3 in

AR. 1. PETIOLARIS, Thw. l.c. ; leaves narrow obovate, petio es - d ; hairs stiffish,
AR. 2. ROTUNDATUM, Thwaites, Le. ; leaves very broad nearly. entire,
petioles very short. : dicels
AR, 3. RULXATUM; leaves narrow softly silky bullate, petioles very short, pedi
appressed hairy.— A. bullatum, Tho. le. te
AR. 4, APPENDICULATUM. leaves deeply serrate at the very base, almost lyrate,
petioles short, . oe : res
AR. 5. SYLVATICUM ; leaves minutely pilose hirsute with rigid hairs on the a
beneath, base deeply cordate, petiole and pedicels short.—A. sylvaticum, :

: . : l

4 A. Walkeri, Wight ex Thwaites Enum, Ceyl. Pl. 3; leaves narrowly
dbovate-oblong bullate sharply toothed ciliate laxly, ay, t 5353.
auricled, raceme very short, stamens about 15. Hook, Bot. Mag. t.

Central Provi f C lt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites. ! - petiol

ves 24 by nan in, ragose, dull red and d l the veins beneath; petiole

very short, Racemes axilla ; pedicels 1-2 in., laxly villous.” . .
git AROYRONEURON, Tluitis Lc. 398; leaves larger, midrib and veins above
White, ,

- te
5. A. intermedium, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves, obovate lancea d
acute crenate-toothed coarsely hairy above, base auricled, pe 4 bout 40.
Tacemes short, subsessile, pedicels and calyx hirsute, stamens

Bank of streams Ambagamowa district of Cevrox, Thwaites.
Rootstock elon

gate. Leaves 6-12 by 1-2 in, more or less hirsute above, and
“pressed hairy on the veins beneath; petiole 1-14 in., margined.
ó. A. lanceolatum, Mook. Ic. Pl. under t. 157 ; leaves very narrowly
ceolate sinuate-toothed, glabrous above, scape very short, stamens 2
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 65; Thw. Enum. 3.
Kittoo] Galle, in Cevrox,

h M pe ti 1 1 I . 3 res B C t
, hairy, margined. 1 edicels 1-2 1n., hirsute.

ute
È A. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves narrowly pene aa
w with inflexed rigid teeth glabrous above substrigose
eath, scape very short, stamens about 15. masa
tween Galle d .ON, by banks of streams, £hwaites. itl
edt horizontal. gaera, C IM ith. base auricled, nerves beneath with
ai

: irs..— Very near
lan Irs, Racemes short; pedicels 1-2 in., with appressed Oe tct cha-
tante. latum, but differing in the number of stamens, perhaps n

D

94 II. DILLENIACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Aerotrema.

8. A. Thwaitesii, M.f. & T. in Kew Journ, Bot. vii. 241, t. 4 A.;
leaves lanceolate pinnatifid to or beyond the middle, hairy above and on
the nerves beneath, scape very short, stamens about 20.

In the Dolosbage district, Certon, Thwaites.

Rootstock small, short. Leaves 3-6 by 1-14 in., segments linear-oblong, acute, en- -

tire or toothed ; petioles very short. Pedicels 1-14 in., slender, pilose. Sepals hirsute.

9. A. dissectum, 7'waites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. viii, 242, t. 4 B. ;
leaves lanceolate interruptedly pinnatisect, softly hairy, scape very short.

At Hinidoon Korle, CEvrow, Thwaites. ;

Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in., larger segments acutely lobed, with
two or more pairs of very small segments between each pair, white and silky beneath,
segments sometimes petiolulate. Pedicels slender, with spreading hairs. "lowers very
small, + in. diam. .

10. A. Iyratum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 242; leaves linear-
oblong obtuse lyrate-pinnatifid toothed, glabrous except the nerves beneath,
base cordate, scape long naked below, pedicels glabrous, stamens about
35.

At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceyton, Thwaites.

Rootstock stout, ascending. Leaves 3-12 by 2—4 in., coriaceous, terminal segment
equalling 3 of the whole leaf, lateral segments 3-5 pair, small, rounded, adnate by à
broad base, deflected, sharply toothed; petiole margined. Scape 1-3 in.; bracts re-
curved ; pedicels 1 in., often recurved. Sepals glabrous or puberulous, Flowers
about § in. diam.

4 SCHUMACHERIA, Vahl.

Erect or sarmentose shrubs, branches flexuous. Zeaves coriaceous, lateral
nerves many, very strong. Flowers yellow, 2-bracteolate, in axillary or ter-
minal secund simple or panicled spikes. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens
indefinite, many-seriate, unilateral, filaments very short united into a short
oblique cylindric posticous column ; anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally.
Carpels 3, distinct, pilose ; styles filiform-subulate ; ovules solitary. Ripe
carpels indehiscent. Seed erect, subglobose, arillate, testa crustaceous.—
DISTRIB. All Cinghalese.

1. S. angustifolia, 7/. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 66; leaves oblong-lanceolate
tapering to a fine point serrate, spikes axillary simple or panicled shorter
than the leaves. Zhw. Enum. 4.

At Hinidoon Korle, in CEvrox, abundant.

Branches slender, young silky, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1—1] in., glabrous and
shining above, puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded or narrowed; petiole
jin. Spikes 1-2 in.

2. S. alnifolia, /7. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 66; leaves broadly oval acute or
subacute sinuate or toothed, spikes axillary panicled shorter than the
leaves, Te, Enum.

Forests in the Ambagamowa and Hunasgiria Districts of CEvrox, Thwaites.
Branches strigose, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2—4 in., base obtuse, glabrous above,
beneath strigose on the nerves, and pubescent or glabrate between them ; petiole sca-
e brid or hirsute. Spikes 1-2 in. I š
Van. 1. SCABRA, Tae. l.c.; leaves scabrid with distant rigid hairs.

Schumacheria.| 11. DILLENIACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 35

Van. 2. DENTATA, Wight. mss. ; Thw. l.c.; leaves acutely coarsely toothed beneath
and the petioles hirsute.

Van. 3. suBGLABRA, Thw. Lc. ; leaves subglabrous beneath.

; i ; broadly
3. S. castaneæfolia, Va), in Act. Hafn. vi. 122; leaves bro:
oblong crenate or sinuate, spikes in much branched terminal panicles

longer than the leaves, Wight HL i. 9, t. 4; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 66; The.
num, 4,

In the Saffragam and Galle Districts of CEvrox. . h
Branches hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 4-10 by 2—4 in., usually obtusa af, bor
ends, but sometimes acute at either, glabrous above, hoary on the ve
Panicle sometimes leafy. Flowers variable in size.

5. WORMTIA, Rottb.

Trees, sometimes lofty, or shrubs. Leaves broad ; lateral nerves, many,
ng, parallel; petioles usually with deciduous stipular wings sic
large, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 5. Petals m opening by 2
ite, in several series, nearly free; anthers linear, erect, cells open! up
Pores. Carpels 5-10, scarcely cohering in the axis; ovules num .

i ; r
‘ il. inisco t or follicul r 3- or more-seeded carpels. Seeds with a fles y
arll.— mo h

about 9

. : LI les
ISTRIB. Tropical Asia and Australia, and one in Madagascar ; species

Spor. I. Capellia, Blume (genus) Inner row of stamens much longer
e outer and arching over them.

. . s
1. W. suffruticosa, Griff. Notul. iv. 706 ; Ic, iv. t. 649, f. 1; leaves
oval- or elliptic-lanceolate sharply toothed, petiole broadly wing bri
els, H. f. d T. Fl. Ind. 67. (excl. syn.) W. subsessilis, Mig. Fú Ned.
Suppl. i. 618; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bot. i. 315, t. 9. uet
paren PENINSWLA, at Malacca and Sincapore.—DIsTRIB. Extends to Born
a. | |
drt or ose. Leaves 4-12 by 2-5 in., acute or
rwanded at each end pd bo with scattered hairs on the eine entered
Petioles i-2 in, wine entire. — Flowers 4 in. diam., bright yellow, in seals ayata,
simple or forked racemes : pedicels alternate, 4-1 in., top thickened. Spa ded
obtuse, subequal, persistent. Petals obovate, crenulate Carpels abou „1, 8-550 by it
seca, with which we had confounded this (Fl. Ind. l.c.) is distin
trenate leaves and narrow petiolar wing.

. b-
xw. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 951; leaves oval or oblong entire or su
"renate, petiole scarcely winged. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 67.

EASTERN P Q: e .
4. ENINSULA; Penang, Malacca, and Sincapore. by 2-4 in.,
A tree, bark black; young parts tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves s x terminal
ea etons, glabrous when mature; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers 3-4 1n. ’
aly flexuous few-

. ñ tomentose.
t flowered panicled racemes; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards d glabrate.
Ca Jj orbicular, young covered with appressed yellow pubescence,

"pels ~10.—Very near W. excelsa, Jack.

in length.
Secor. IT. Euwormia. Filaments all erect and nearly equal in len

š, 3 : leaves broadly
* triquetra tb. Nov. Act. Hafn. ii. 532, t. 3 thing
ie Fepand-toothed or sinuata, petioles with broad membranous sheathing

i c

. W. den-
wings. Z.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 67; Thw. Enum. iU

36 II. DILLENIACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Wormia.

tata, DC. Prodr. i. 75. Dillenia dentata, Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 201,
t. 20.

Moist warm parts of Certon, up to 2000 ft. .

A tree, bark black, young parts hoary. Leaves 5-8 by 4-5 in., tip obtuse or gub-
truncate, base rounded; petiole 2-3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., white, in subterminal
leaf-opposed secund few-flowered racemes; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards. Carpels
5, inde piscent, 1-2-seeded.

4. W. pulchella, Jack, Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 221;

leaves obovate obtuse, nerves distant, petiole slightly margined. H. f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 68.

EASTERN PENINSULA : Malacca, Griffith.—DisrRIn. Sumatra. .
A small tree; branches dark grey, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire,
coriaceous, tip obtuse, truncate or retuse, mucronate, base acute, nerves rather distant;
petiole 1 in., channelled, base slightly sheathing. Flowers 2 in. diam., on axillary leaf-
opposed ebracteate peduncles, Sepals broadly ovate, glabrous. Follicles 5, few-seeded.
eeds few, aril red pulpy.

6. DILLENIA, Linn.

Trees. Leaves broad, with conspicuous parallel lateral nerves. Flowers
large, solitary or fascicled, yellow or white. Sepals 5, spreading. Petals 5,
broad. Stamens nearly free; anthers linear, bursting by small slits or
pores; inner erect or recurved introrse, outer recurved extrorse. Carpes
5-20, cohering in the axis ; ovules indefinite. Fruit globose, formed of the
matured indehiscent carpels inclosed in the thickened calyx. Seeds nak
or immersed in pulp, exarillate—Distrip. Tropical Asia; species 12.

Sect. I. Eudillenia. Leaves persistent. Flowers white, (always?) ap-
pearing with the leaves, solitary or racemed, terminal or leaf-opposed.

1. D. indica, Li»».; leaves lanceolate serrate, flowers solitary very
large, sepals fleshy. Hamilton in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 99. D. speciosa and
D. elliptica. Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 900; DO. Prodr. i. 76; Wall.
Cat. 943; W. & A. Prodr. 5; Wight Ic. 823; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 69.

Tropical forests in the WESTERN PzxiNsuLA, Behar and Ceylon, and the HIMALAYA,
from Nipal to Assam. Eastern PENINSULA from Silhet to Sincapore—Disrris. Malay
Archipelago.

A round headed tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 8-10 by 2-4 in., fascicled at
the ends of the branches. acute, veins close-set, glabrous above, pubescent especially on
the nerves beneath. Flowers 6 in. diam., subterminal. Sepals orbicular, thick and

fleshy. Petals white, obovate. Inner stamens arching over the outer. Seeds com-
pressed, margins hairy.

2. D. ovata, Wall. Cat. 945 ; leaves ovate denticulate, flowers solitary,
sepals thick. H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 70.

Eastern Peninsuta; Pinang, Wallich, &c.

A tree, branches softly tomentose. Leaves 8 by 5 in., acute or subacute, base
rounded and suboblique, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves above, softly pubescent
beneath; petiole 1-14 in., tomentose. Flowers on terminal or leaf-opposed peduncles

2 in. long —Colour of flower unknown. n

3. D. meliosmæfolia, M. f. & T. ; leaves obovate-oblong acuminate
serrate, flowers 1-2 terminal, sepals densely tomentose,

Eastern PrwiNsULA; Malacca, Griffith. p

A tree; bark grey, striated; branchlets densely clothed with fulvous tomentum.

Dillenia.] II. DILLENIACEJEF. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 37

Leaves 6-8 by 24-3} in., base acute, pilose on the nerves above, shortly hairy o ed
on the nerves beneath, nerves 16-18 on each side, oblique, terminating in sl Lort sharp
serratures ; petiole 1 in., brown, hairy. Peduncles 1-14 in., densely clothe

i ith imperfect
lomentum. Sepals nearly 14 in., ovate.—Only two specimens seen, with impe
owers,

4 D. bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 358 ; leaves oblong Pa" Fu
T&cemed, sepals suborbicular silky. ` Wormia bracteata, H. f. .
Ind. 68; 1 D. repanda, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 652,
Westers PEN A; mountains of Maisor. . -3 in.
A tree, young branches silky-pubescent. Leaves densely fascicled, md by M 3 in
coriaceous, subacute or obtuse, shining above, puberulous on the mere 21-3 in, diam.
«mes 1-2 in., few-flowered, subterminal or leaf-opposed. Flower. Pe CRoxiurgh'a
mens all equal, anthers 2-porose. Carpels 5, membranous, indehisoan de shone tn
escription of D, repanda, a native of Hindostan, differs but little from

A . e know of
° retuse repand smooth leaves, 5-7-flowered raceme, and villous calyx; w
10 Specimen or drawing.

. . vate-
5. D. retusa, Thunb. in Trans, Linn. Soc. 200, 5 19 s leaves ne ona
oblong truncate or retuse quite entire or sinmale ioo Cot 6625: W. & A.
Peduncle Lamk, Ill. t. 492 ; DC. Prodr. i. 76 ; Wall. 8: DC. La. Won
Prodr, 6; Tha, Enum. 5. D. integra, Thunb, l.c. 199, t. 18; YU. &C. ;
ma Integra, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 68. f
Warmer parts of CEYLON, up to 2000 ft. . : labrous,
tree; branchlets haies acr glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 bite p pédtnelo 2 in.
hase Acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers subterminal, 3 in. diam., w "diam of 5 carpels.
Petals o vate. Stamens all erect, anthers 2-porose. Fruit 14 in. 3

aer ra Colbertia, Salish. (genus). Branchlets scabrid. Leaves deci-

i the
ous, Flowers appearing before the leaves, yellow, axillary or from
"s, Solitary or panicled.

te, flower
5. D. aure Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 92, 93; leaves obovate-crena i v6:
Mlitary 4-5 in. diam adult sepals glabrous glaucous. DC, Prodr i ;
Wall. Cat 6624; H.f. € T. FL Ind. 70. D. ornata, Wall. d. die borata,
20 t. 23; Cat, 947. "D, speciosa, Grif. Notul. iv. 703. Colbe

Blume Bijd. 6,

i ipal. EASTERN
p, pica] forests along the base of the Haraya from Bhotan to Nipal. mag
to Bees in Pegu, Martaban, Mergui and the Andaman Islands.—DistR1

Theo

rea, i ly crenate-
t x ding tree, bark grey. Leaves 1 ft., tapering to the oe eta ary short
ime glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. Flowers terminating
"m

ruit with the
; peduncle 1 in. Sepals when young villous. Carpels 8-12. Y
as large as a small apple.

Calyx
: leaves
b 7. D. pulcherrima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Pith lr or
rien obovate sinuate glabrous above, flowers 4 in.
nate, adult Sepals silky.
Topical forests of P $ bicular or
Ae large tree ; bark ey; prid parts silky. Leaves 9-18 by Dis, tisbros above,
e" te, rarely narrowed at the base, nerves ending in marginal p Y es ly channelled.
Plo, and Sparsely pilose beneath; ` petiole 1-2 in., j amp cie sate Sepals elliptic.
Petal, | n Short axillary shoots; peduncles 14-2 in, silky, ebracte nerves less close,
td pea TOW obovate. Nearly allied to D. aurea, but leaves larger,
e à

38 Il. DILLENIACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Dillenia.

8. D. scabrella, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 43; Fl. Ind. ii. 653; leaves
obovate-oblong toothed scabrid above, flowers fascicled 14-2 in. diam.,
sepals glabrous, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 90, t. 22; Cat. 944; H.f. € T. FL
Ind. 70. D. pilosa, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 102 (not of Roxb.).

Forests of Assam and SILET, ascending to 3000 ft. in the Khasia hills.

A tree; bark grey; young parts hairy. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 in., obtuse, tomentose
beneath; petiole 1-2 in., }-amplexicaul at the dilated base. Flowers 3-5 together,
sweet-scented, pedicels 2 in., with scattered bracts near the middle. Sepals glabrous.
Carpels 5-7.

9. D. parviflora, Grif, Notul. iv. 784 ; leaves obovate-oblong, scabrid
above, margins undulate denticulate, flowers 2-4 rarely solitary 1j-2 In,
diam., sepals.silky. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, 45.

Forests of TENAssERIM, Mercor, Peeu and the ANDAMAN ISLANDS.

A tall tree; bark grey, rugged; young parts silky or tomentose. Leaves 7-12 by
4-5 in., acute or abruptly acuminate, rigidly hirsute or softly tomentose beneath, reti-
culated between the nerves; petiole 1-14 in., pubescent, }-amplexicaul. Flowers on
wart-like lateral branchlets ; pedicels 1-14 in., ebracteolate, tomentose. Sepals elliptic,
obtuse, silky, two inner less so. Petals obovate-spathulate. Stigmas 5-8.

10. D. pentagyna, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 20; Fl. Ind. ii. 652; leaves
oblong-lanceolate acute strongly serrate, petiole short broadly winged,
flowers umbelled 1 in. diam., sepals glabrous. Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. 2;
W. & A. Prodr. 5 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 71. D. augusta and D. pilosa, Roxb,
Fi, Ind. ii. 652, Colbertia Coromandeliana, DC. Prodr. i. 75; Wall. Cat.
949. C. augusta, Wall. Cat. 948.

Forests throughout India, from Oune and Bemar to Assam, in the Westers PEN-
INSULA and Preu (absent from Ceylon). .

A spreading tree; bark grey; branches rough and scarred; young parts very silky.
Leaves 1-2 by 4-1 ft., subsessile or tapering into a broad 4-amplexicaul petiole 1-2 In,
long, young silky pubescent, old glabrous. Flowers 5-8; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate.
Sepals elliptic, glabrous. Petals obovate. Carpels 5.

1l. D. grandifolia, Wall. Cat. 946; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute
serrate, petiole 5-6 in. hardly winged, ZT. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 71.

Eastern Pentnsuta; at Pinang and Malacca.

Very similar to D. pentagyna, but leaves softly hairy above, densely tomentose be-

neath, and petioles 5-6 in. also densely tomentose. The specimens in Wall. Herb. are
very imperfect.

12. D. floribunda, Z.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 71; leaves broadly elliptic
glabrous above obtuse at both ends subentire, petiole not winged, flowers
umbelled about 1 in. diam. Colbertia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 950.

Eastern PENINSULA, Martaban, Wallich.

A tree. Leaves 18 by 10 in. obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, downy on the
nerves beneath ; petiole about 3 in., glabrous, ebracteolate.—' Two leaves and a trun-

cheon of wood with a few withered flowers are all that represent this species in the
Wallichian Herbarium.

Orver III. MAGNOLIACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, often aromatic, wood-tissue with
glandular markings. Leaves alternate, quite entire or toothed, stipulate
or not. Flowers axillary and terminal, often showy, white yellow or. reds

III. MAGNOLIACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 39

sometimes unisexual. Sepals and petals very deciduous, hypogynous, arranged
in whorls of 3 (in Zuptelea absent) Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, fila-
ments flattened or terete, free or monadelphous ; anthers basifixed, adnate
cells bursting longitudinally. Carpels indefinite, free or partly cohering in
one whorl or in several on an elongate axis; styles short or rarely long,
stigmatose on the inner surface; ovules 2 or more, or the ventral suture
anatropous or amphitropous, Fruit of berried or follicular rarely woody
indehiscent carpels, which are sometimes arranged in a cone. Seeds solitary
or few, sometimes pendulous from a long funicle, testa single and crus-
taceous, or double, the outer fleshy ; albumen granular or fleshy and oily ;
emoryo minute, cotyledons spreading, radicle short blunt next the hilum.—
ISTRIB. Chiefly natives of the tropical and temperate Asiatic mountains,
and United States, a few are Australian ; species about 70.

Tare I. Trochodendree. Perianth absent.
1. EUPTELEA.

kerta IL Wintereæ. Stipules 0. Perianth double. Carpels in one
| 2. ILLICIUM.

Taupe III. Magnoliee. Erect trees or shrubs. Stipules conspicuous,

Convolute and sheathing the young foliage, deciduous.
"ioplore sessile.
tpels of fruit indehiscent, deciduous. . . . . . + + e + 8. TALAUMA.
Carel % i uit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules 2. . + EM
8 of fruit dehisci v . 2 « . 5. MANGLIETIA,
Gynophore stalked e, iscing dorsally . Ovules 6 or more a 3. MICHELA.

Trige IV, Schizandreæ. Climbing shrubs. Zeaves exstipulate.
Carpels of fruit spiked... . . aa + , , + + e + T. SCHIZANDRA,
arpels of fruit capitate 8. KADSURA.

l BUPTELEA, Sieb. and Zucc.

E shrub. Leaves alternate, deciduous, toothed ; petiole sheathing P sti-
Soo, V. lowers pedicelled, polygamo-dicecious. Sepals and pet s °.
Ravan 15-20, in one whorl. Carpels as many as the stamens, pedicelled,
rom i much compressed, winged, indehiscent ; stigma sessile, decurrent
a the tip to opposite the insertion of the ovule. Fruit of indehiscent
need 1—4-seeded carpels, Seeds closely packed ; testa hard, coria-

i 75; albumen granular ; embryo minute.—DISTRIE. 2 species, the tollow-
8 and a Japanese, ‘

1 . ..
z. Pleiosperma, Z. f. & T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. vii. 240, t. .
SEMI HILLS, near the to i
; u of Mount Thumathaga, Griffith. . .
ain "05 ; branches smooth, spotted with white; buds eral and terminating short
elliptic Shoots, enclosed in hard black shining scales. Leaves 3-4 by 2-3 3D" lique :
tole tee toothed, acute at both ends, glabrous, pale beneath, nerves very oblique ;
kin, channelled above, dilated at the base —Specimens imperfect.

E 2. LLLICIUM, Linn.

Ver, : i i Hucid-
dotted, Sn aromatic shrubs or small trees. Leaves quite entire, pe
Med, ers 2-sexual, solitary or fascicled, yellow or purplish. Sepals

40 II. MAGNOLIACEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Illicium.

3-6. Petals 9 or more, 3- many-seriate. Stamens indefinite, filaments thick;
anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries indefinite, 1-seriate, 1-ovuled ; style subu-
late, recurved. Fruit of spreading compressed hard follicles. Seeds com-
pressed, testa hard shining, albumen fleshy.—Disrris, N. America, China,
Japan, India ; species about 5.

1. X. Grifüthii, M.f. € T. Fl. Ind. 74; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, peri-
anth-segments about 24.

Copses in BnoraN and the KHASIA HILLs, alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c.

A shrub, branches angular, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 iu., acute at both ends,
coriaceous, shining. Flowers 14 in. diam. Sepals 6, orbicular. Petals 18, outer
oval, inner smaller and narrower. Carpels with a thin fleshy epicarp, woody endocarp,
and short subulate incurved beak.—Specimens in bud and fruit only,

2. I. majus, 77. f. & T.; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, perianth-
segments about 16.

Tenasserm™, on the Thoung Gain range, alt. 5500 ft., Lobb.

A shrub, 30 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in, sharply acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous,
shining above; petiole 1 in. Flowers pink. Pedicels 1-3 in., subterminal, solitary or
fascicled. Sepals and petals orbicular, ciliate, inner broad-oval. Filuments short,
broader than the oblong anthers, Ovaries spreading. Fruit unknown.

3. TALAUMA, Juss.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves and inflorescence of Magnolia. Sepals 3. Petals 6
or more, in 2 or more whorls, Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ; anthers
linear, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Ovaries indefinite, 2-ovuled, spiked or
capitate ; stigmas decurrent. Carpes woody, separating from the wood ne
at the ventral suture, and leaving the seeds suspended from the latter by an
elastic cord, Seeds of Magnolia,—Disrris. Tropics of E. Asia and S. Ame-
rica, and in Japan ; species about 15.

1. T. Hodgsoni, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 74; leaves obovate-oblong acute or
obtuse glabrous, ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels sharply beaked.
H. f. Ill. Him. Pl. t. 6.

Forests of the Sixxmt HIMALAYA and of the KHASIA HILLS, alt. 4-5000 ft.

A. lofty evergreen tree. Leaves 8-20 by 4-9 in., coriaceous, petiole 1-2 in. Flowers

white, odorous; peduncle short, thick; buds subglobose, 2-3 in. diam. Fruit 4-6 in.;
carpels 14 by 1 in.; pits of the axis deep, nearly square.

2, T. Rabaniana, M.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 75; leaves lanceolate glabrous,
ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels shortly beaked. Liriodendron lilii-
fera, Rox, Fl. Ind. ii. 654.

Forests of the KHASIA miis, alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T.

A lofty tree. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4 in.; petiole lin. Fruit 4-6 in., longer than
broad; pits of the axis shallow, elongated.

3. T. lanigera, JT. f. & T. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, gla
brous, ovaries densely woolly, ripe fruit unknown.

EASTERN PENINSULA, Griffith.

A tree. Leaves 12 by 5in.; petiole 1 in., thickened below. Flowers large, odorous;
peduncle densely tomentose. Sepals 3, tomentose, at length glabrate. Petals about 8.
oblong, fleshy, exceeding the sepals. Carpels (immature) densely woolly, beak glabrous.

4, T, mutabilis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 24, t. 10-12 ; leaves elliptic or
lanceolate acuminate usually pilose or downy beneath, fruit ovoid ;

Talauma. | II. MAGNOLIACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 41

carpels 9-12 coriaceous tubercled, beak short recurved. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.
74, Manglietia Candollei, Wall. Cat. 6497 (not of Blume).

Eastern PENINSULA, from Moulmein to Pinang.—Disrris. Java. .

A shrub, 6-9 ft. (Blume) or tree: bark brown. Leaves 6-12 by 274 in, glabrous
above, rarely so beneath, base acute; petiole 1-2 in., thickened below. wers large,

White ; peduncle stout, silky or woolly. Sepals 3, 1-2 in., oval, thick, greenish. Petals
6, obovate. Fruit 2 in.

4. MAGNOLIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen or deciduous ; buds enveloped an the
convolute stipules, which are connate in pairs. Flower large, orginal
epals 3. Petals 6-12, 2-4-seriate. „Stamens numerous, many sena a
filaments flat ; anthers adnate, introrse, Gynophore sessile. Carpas m the
Imbricated on a long axis, 2-ovuled, persistent ; stigmas decurren eded
Ventral suture, Fruit an elongated axis, with persistent adnate pras lón
dorsally dehiscing follicles. Seeds endulous from the carpels X Ame
cord ; outer walls of testa fleshy ; albumen oily.—DrsrRre. Temp. N.
nea, temp. and trop. E. Asia and Japan ; species about 15.

l. M. Campbellii, 77. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 77; leaves deciduous elliptic
ov :

the leaves white or rose, carpels obtuse not beaked. H. f. IU. Him. Pl. t. 4, 5.
: Tc. iv. t. 656.

Eastery HIALAYA forests of Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 3
A lofty tree; branches black. Leaves 4-12 by 2-4 in. glabrous above, glaucous
pubescent or silky beneath, base cordate rounded or oblique; petiole 1 in.
6-10 in. diam, etals 9-12. Fruit 6-8 in.

; te
* M. globosa, M. f. £ T. Fl, Ind. 77; leaves deciduous? ovate acu
or obtuse Shortly deir laucous beneath, buds globose appearing
L the leaves, carpels shortly beaked.
ner ranges of the Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 9-10000 ft. y -6
As tree; branches brown, young tomentose, old glabrous.. Leaves 5-9 by 3

. . in.
In., nerves beneath tomentose. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., white, odorous; buds 14
am. Petals 6. Fruit 2-3 in. long.

3 M. Grifüthii, 77. f. 4; T.: leaves persistent oblong acute pale beneath,
p oblong appearing with the leaves, carpels obtuse not beaked.

Orests of UpprR riffith.

n evergreen te; Pune Sadya, Fw ds silky tomentose, finally Eth;
#0068 10-14 by 5 o in. coriaceous glabrous above, nerves a little roug ded. The
petiole | in, Flower-buds 2 in., enclosed in silky bracts. _Carpels 1-2-seeded:
Number of ovules is doubtful, and the plant may be a Manglietia.

™

" long
4 M. spheno r, Pl. iii. t. 266 ; leaves evergreen ob
obtuse or subacute glabrous on oor sides or puberulous beneath, bads
Bobose èPpearing with the leaves, carpels very long-beaked, FL Ind. ii.
e AP & T. Pp Ind. 78. Liriodendron grandiflorum, Roxb. Pt.
Michelia macrophylla, Don Prodr. 226. 3 Qsremaaómo,
TR Pv HIMALAYAN forests, from Nipal to Assam, KHASIA HILLS, an

. 3-6 in., tapering
- the ees ; Young parts hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 8-16 by

db . in. diam.
ICX, coriaceous ; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers white, fragrant bads 2 or more.
' Oval, fleshy, Fruit 8-16 in.; beak of carpels compressed,

: before -
ate or oblong acute or acuminate membranous, flowers appearing

z
1

43 Ill. MAGNOLIACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Magnolia.

There isan undescribed Magnolia or Manglietia in Herb. Hook. from Bhotan (Booth)
too incomplete for description.

5. MANGLIETIA, Blume.

Trees; foliage and inflorescence of Magnolia, Sepals 3. Petals 6 or more,
2- or more-seriate. Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ; anthers linear,
adnate, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Ovaris many, cohering in an ovoid
head; stigma decurrent on the ventral suture; ovules 6 or more. Frut
ovoid, head of carpels persistent dehiscing dorsally. Seeds as in Magnolia.—
Distris. Mountains of tropical Asia ; species 5.

1. M. insignis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 23; leaves lanceolate acute or
acuminate, fruit a dense oblong spike of carpels. H. f. & T. Fl Ind. 76.
Magnolia insignis, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep.t.1; Pl. As, Rar. ii. t. 182; Cat, 973.

Nipat, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Kasra niLLs, alt. 3—6000 ft.

A lofty tree, wholly glabrous except a few brown hairs on the tips of the bud-scales.
Leaves 4-8 by 1-24 in., coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, petiole 2-1 in. Flowers

odorous, pale pink; buds 2 in., ovoid-oblong. Petals 9. Fruit 3-4 in, bright-purple
when fresh.

Van. 1. LATIFOLIA : leaves 4-6 by 2-2) in., elliptic-lanceolate acute.
Van. 2. ANGUSTIFOLIA ; leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in., lanceolate acuminate.

2. M. Caveana, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 76 ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse
or mucronate, fruit an ovoid or subglobose spike of carpels.

Forests of the KHASIA HILLS, alt. 2-3000 ft., H. f. & T.

A lofty tree, glabrous everywhere. Leaves 8-10 by 3—4 in., coriaceous, glaucous be-

neath, reticulated when dry; petiole 2 in. Flowers unknown, Carpels rounded at the
back. Seeds 2—6.

6. MICHELIA, Linn.

Trees. Leaves as in Magnolia. Flowers axillary, solitary (terminal in
M. Catheartii). Sepals and petals similar, 9-15 or more, 3- or more-seriate.
Stamens as in Magnolia. Gynophore stalked. Carpels in a loose spike,
stigma decurrent ; ovules 2 or more. Fruit a lax or dense elongate spike
of coriaceous dorsally dehiscing carpels. Seeds of Magnolia,— DISTRIB.
About 12 species ; temp. and trop. Mts. of India.

* Flowers terminal.

l M. Cathcartii, H. f. 4 T. Fl. Ind. 79; leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, nerves hairy on both surfaces, perianth-segments 9. H. f. I ll.
Him, Pl. t. 7.

Temperate forests of the Sixxm HIMALAYA, alt. 5—6000 ft.

A lofty tree; young branches densely silky. Leaves 4 by 14 in., thin, subcoriaceous,
pale beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., white. Sepals and petals oblong,
inner gradually smaller. Curpels sessile, densely imbricate ; rachis 2—4 in.

** Flowers axillary. Ovules 3 or more (see also 8, nilagirica).

2. M. Champaca, L. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate tapering to a long pone
flowers yellow, segments of perianth 15-20, ovaries pubescent. DC. Prodr.
i. 79; Wall. Cat. 969 (except K); Roxb. Fl. Ind. ài. 656; W. & A. Prodr.
i.6; Wight Ill. i. 13; Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. t. 1; H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 79.
M. rufinervis, DC. l.c. 79; M. Doldeopes Ham. ex DC. lc. ; Don Prodr. 226;
Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 3; Cat. 971; M. aurantiaca, Wall. Cat. 6492; Plant.

>

As, Rar, t. 147. M, Rheedii, Wight Ill. i. 14, t. 5, f. 6,

Michelia.) — tit. MAGNOLIACE:E. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 43

Commonly cultivated, but wild in the forests of the "TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from
ipal eastward ; and in Peau, TExaAssERIM, the Nireuiris and Travancor.—Distris.
Java (Champi). . .. le and
À tall tree; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 8-10 by, 24-4 in., shining above, pale and
glabrous or puberulous beneath ; petiole 1-14 in. lowers 2 in. diam., pale yellow or
orange, very fragrant; peduncle short; buds silky. Sepals oblong, acute. Petals
ear. Fruit 3-4 in. carpels subsessile.

3 M. excelsa, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 9; leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acute silky-brown beneath, flowers white, segments of periant
about 12, ovaries pubescent, Wall. Cut, 6494 ; Wight Ill. i. 14 ; H. f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 80 ; Griff. Ic. iv. 655. Magnolia excelsa, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 2.

TrwPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Knasra HILLs.

lofty tree ; young parts softly brown-hairy. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., acute, glabrous
above ; petiole 1 in. Flowers 4-5 in. diam. ; buds 2 in., silky-brown. _ Sepals obovate.
gradually narrower. Fruit 5-8 in. ; carpels subsessile, rather distant.

+ M. lanuginosa, Wall. Tent, Fl, Nep. 8, t. 5; Cat. 6493; leaves ob-
long or lanceolate, glabrous above white and tomentose beneath, flowers
vite, segments of perianth about 18, ovaries densely woolly. ZZ. T.

Ind. 80, M, velutina, DC. Prodr. i. 79.

p NPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the KHASIA

À small or largo tree; young parts densely white- or grey-tomentose. Leaves 6-10

iy 2-34 imn. ; petiole hin. "Flowers 8-4 in. diam. ; buds 14 in. Sepals narrow-obovate,

re. | Inner petals narrower, acute. Fruit 4—5 in.; carpels obovate, stalked, distant.

—Wallich describes this as a tall tree flowering in spring. In Sikkim it forms a large
» lowering in autumn.

k. M. Kisopa, Ham. ; DC. Prodr. i. 79 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
"late glabrous, flowers pale yellow, segments of perianth rol
drs densely pubescent. Wall. Tent. FL N ep. t. 4; Cat. 970 ; Don Prodr.
26; H. f. € T. PL Ind. 81.
EMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Kumaon.
Pries tree; bark grey, young parts clothed with appressed grey Pb anriaces ;
petiol s. ves 5-6 by 14-2 in, acute or acuminate, glabrous on bovate Petals
elin Flowers 4-1 in. diam. ; buds puberulous. Sepals narrow-obovate.

ly narrower than the sepals. Fruit 3-4 in.; carpels sessile.

Wee .
Flowers axillary. Qvules 2, superposed.

6. M. oblo labrous glaucous
` nga, Wall. Cat. 972 ; leaves obovate-oblong gla |
sth. flowers White, segments of perianth about 12. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.
> = lactea, Wall. Cat, 649].
rests of the KHASIA R dA .
-fi ree; branches glabrous. "Leaves p by 2-24 in., obtusely acuminate ; petiole
hed Plower-buds about lin. glabrous. ^ Sepals 13 in. narrow-obovate. £et
Carpels sessile.—An imperfectly known species.

jM tly acu-
inate aduana, H. f. ¿ T. Fl. Ind. 81; leaves oblong abruptly ac
lent glabrous, flowers hito segments of perianth about 9, ovaries
ieee eet Magnolia punduana, Wall. Cat. 974.
A of the Kasra HILLS, alt. 83-5000 ft. .
tnt, al! ie; young parts brown-silky, soon glabrate. Leaves 4-6 by o s
7 us petiole 1—3 in. Flowers 14-2 in. diam. ; buda 3-1 1n., six. egmenta
obovate, Outer obtuse, inner acute. Fruit 3-4 in.; carpels sessile.

44 II. MAGNOLIACER. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Aichelia.

8. M. nilagirica, Zenk. Plant. Ind. t. 20; leaves oblong elliptic- or
obovate-lanceolate acute at both ends or tip mucronate glabrous or pu
berulous only on the nerves beneath, flowers white, segments of perianth
9-12, ovules 2 or 4-5. Wight IU. i. 14; Ic. t. 938; H. f. & T. Fl. Tad. 9;
Thwaites Enum. 5. M. Pulneyensis, Wight Ill. i. 14, t. 5 (except figs. 5 an 6).

Higher mountains, alt. 5-6000 ft, of the Western PExiNsULA (var. 1) and of
CryLon (var. 2). . .

- A tall tree, or shrub at high elevations, young parts silky. Leaves 2-4 1n. Fios
8-4 in. diam. ; buds 4-14 in., ovoid, pubescent. Perianth-segments obovate, inne
acute. Fruit 2-3 in. ; carpels sessile.—There is some confusion in the description d
the Ceylonand Nilghiri plants. Zenker describes M. nilagirica as l-ovuled ; V A
(Illust.) repeats this, but (Icones) figures 2 ovules and describes 4. Wight furt ri
describes (iilustr,) M. Walkeri as 2-ovuled, and ovalifolia as 3-ovuled, w ilst whe
` glauca he makes no mention of the ovules. His M. Pulneyensis is figured with yel bl
flowers, and 4 ovules, and may be M. Champaca.— The following varieties are possto'y
speciés :—
Pax. 1. Wicurtr; a tree, leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in. elliptic green below, segments of
perianth usually 12, ovules 4—5.—M. ovalifolia, Wight Jil. i. 13. we
Van. 2, WALKEnI; leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in. oblong or obovate-oblong glaucous below,

segments of perianth usually 9, ovules 2, superposed—M. Waikeri and M. glauca,
Wight Ill. i. 13, 14.

7. SCHIZANDRA, Michaux.

Climbing glabrous shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers unisexual, white
yellow or reddish, axillary, or in the axils of scales near the base of shor
lateral leafy branches. Sepals and petals 9-12, imbricate in about 3 series.
£ Stamens 5-15 or more, in a spiral series, filaments very short, free or Su”
connate, often fleshy ; anthers Tree or subimmersed in a fleshy head of ef
fiuent filaments, cells small, remote. ĦẸQ Ovaries many, densely imbricat rf
stigma sessile; ovules 2. Fruit a slender spike of globose indehiscent fleshy
1-seeded carpels. Seeds 1-2, suspended, albumen fleshy, testa crustaceous

embryo minute.—Distrip, U. States, mountains of temperate and tropi
India and Java ; species about 6.

* Fuaments monadelphous below, free above.

1. S. grandiflora, H. f. € T. ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate a
minate distantly toothed, flowers 1 in. diam., fruit 6-9 in., carpels scar
fusiform on a cylindric fleshy axis. Sphzerostema grandiflorum, H. J. Á
Fl. Ind. 84, Kadsura grandiflora, Wall . Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 14; Cat. 498
in part.

‘TemreraTE HIMALAYA, from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. le

A woody glabrous climber. Leaves 3-6 by 1—2 in., rather fleshy, base acute, på
beneath; petiole 1-14 in. Flowers solitary, pinky-white, odorous; pedicel 1-2 1

Filaments cylindric above; anthers ovoid, connective thickened, cells lateral or Su?
extrorse.

2. S. elongata, MF. f. & T. ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate minutely
cartilaginous-toothed, flowers $ in. diam., fruit 2-3 in., carpelson a slender
axis, Spherostema elongatum, Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz t. 5; H. f. & T. Fl.
Ind, 85. S. grandiflorum, Wall. Cat. 4983, A in part, & C.

Temperate HIMALAYA, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft.; Kasia HILL
Distris. Java.

A woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., pale or glaucous We
neath; petiole 4-1 in. Flowers fascicled or solitary, 4~ in. diam., yellowish ; pedi

Schizandra.) 111. MAGNOLIACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 45

cls 1-14 in. slender. Stamens as in S. grandiflora,—Confounded with S. grand/flora
by Wallich (under 4985), but more slender, flowers sma:ler. The fruit is not so stalked
à in Blume’s figure, but we believe this to be a variable character.

™ Anthers sessile in cavities of the fleshy head of filaments,

3. S. propinqua, 77. f. € 7T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate serrate-toothed,
owers small, pedicels long, fruit 6 in. long, axis fleshy. Sphzerostema pro-
Pinquum, Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz. 16; Wall. Cat. 4986 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.
S. Kadsura propinqua, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 15.

Hiwatava, from Nipal to Kumaon, alt. 4-6000 ft. . .
A woody climber. Leaves 3-5 by 14 in, base rounded or cuneate; petiole § in.
wers small, yellow or orange, solitary or fascicled ; buds 1-3 in. diam. ; pedicels
lin, bracteolate. Anthers slightly protruded. Carpels as in S. grandiflora.

4 S. axillaris, 77. f. & T.; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ta-
Pering to a fine point, entire or remotely toothed, flowers 3 in. diam., pedi-
céls very short bracteolate, fruit 1-2 in. long. Spherostema axillare,
Blume Fl, Jav, Schiz, t. 3 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 86.

Knasra mrs, al
8, alt. 4-5000 ft.—Distris. Java. . :
À slender climber. Leaves 3 by 141-13 in., base cuneate or rounded; petiole 3 in.

wers 2 scarlet, axillary ; bracteoles imbricating. Stamens as in S. propinqua.
small,

8 KADSURA, Kempfer.

ters of Schizandra, but ripe carpels arranged in a globose head,
$$ sometimes 4.— DISTRIB. temp. and subtrop. Asia ; species about 7.

L. K. Roxbur ; Zool. & Bot. ii. 546 ; leaves
° ghiana, Arn. in Jard. Mag. .€ ;
wate or oblong acute or acuminate, filaments connate in a column. y^ £
4 ; Pl. Ind. 83. Kadsura japonica, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 12; Cat. 3
‚B (partly), not of Jussieu. varia heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 663.

i e
to 5000 f ar Forests of Sikxru, Assam, Sirugr, and the KHASIA HILLS, ascending

= m rambling climber; bark very rough. Leaves 3-6 by 14-3 in., fleshy; petiole

lowers $in diam.; pedicels 3-1 in., stout, bracteolate to or below the mie.
ka filaments short, free above, inner wholly connate. Ovules 2. Fruit 1-2 in.
arpels many, as large as a bean, base cuneate, top rounded.

" R. Wightiana Arn. lc. ii. 546 ; leaves broadly ovate acute or obtuse,
filaments free, ovules usually 4 y M cT Fl. Ind. 84; Thwaites Enum. 5.

ountains of Map s n Wight and of Crvrow, alt. 2-3000 ft. .
ia Woody climber, Leaves 2^3 by 1-2 in., pale beneath, base cuneate. Blowers A
K. pos yellow-green ; pedicels 1-2 in., stout, with several bracteoles. fruit h
1 Tgluana
rg . b
‘m e 18 In Herb, Kew. an imperfect specimen of a Malacca Kadsura collected by
ii (see Notul, iv. 714, Ie. P t 651, f.1&2); it may be K. scandens, Blume,
guished by its mucronate fruit.

Charac
ovul

Onpzn IV. ANONACEÆ. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

bis? or shrubs, often climbing and aromatic. Leaves alzernate, p»
connate Pe qe entire. Flowers 2- rarely l-sexual | Sepals the inner
absent, usually valvate, Petals 6, hypogynous, 2-seriate, or ked on the
to Stamens many, rarely definite, hypogynous, closely pac üblateral

“ments short or 0; anthers adnate, cells extrorse or su ,

46 IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

connective produced into an oblong dilated or truncate head. Ovaries 1 or
more, apocarpous, very rarely (Anona) syncarpous with distinct stigmas,
style short or 0; ovules Kor more. Fruitof 1 or more sessile or stalked
l- or many-seeded usually indehiscent carpels. Seeds large ; testa crus-
taceous or coriaceous ; albumen dense, ruminate, often divided almost to the
axis into 4 series of horizontal plates ; embryo small or minute, cotyledons
divaricating.—Dtsrris. Tropics of the Old World chiefly ; genera about 40

with 400 species, the determination of which is exceedingly difficult. |

TRE I. Uvariese. Petals 2-seriate, one or both series imbricate in
bud. Stamens many, close-packed; their anther-cells concealed by the over-
lapping connectives. Ovaries indefinite.

Flowers 1-sexual; ovules many; torus conical. . . . . . 1. SrELECHOCARPUS
Flowers 2-sexual ; ovules many, rarely few; torus almost flat. 2. Uvania.
Flowers 1-2-sexual; ovule solitary . . . . . . + + . 8. Exper.

Tre II. Unonese. Petals valvate or open in bud, spreading in flower,
flat or concave at the base only, inner subsimilar or 0. Stamens many,
close-packed, their anther-cells concealed by the overlapping connectives.
Qvaries indefinite.

* Petals conniving at the concave base and covering the stamens and ovaries.

Ovaries 1-3, many-ovuled ; peduncles not hooked . . . . 4. CYATHOCALYX.
Ovaries many, 2-ovuled; peduncles hooked . . . . . . 5. ARTABOTRYS.
Ovaries many ; ovules 4 or more; peduncles straight . . . 6. DREPANANTHU&

** Pelals flat ; spreading from the base.
Ripe carpels indehiscent.

Ovules many, 2 seriate: petals lanceolate . . . . . . 7. CANANGA.

Ovules many, 2 seriate; petals broad-ovate . . . . . 8. CvATHOSTEMMA.

Ovules 2-6, 1-seriate on the ventral suture. . . . . . 9. UNONA.

Ovules 1-2, basal orsubbasal . . . . . . . . . . 10. POLYALTHIA.
Ripe carpels follicular . . . . . + + . . . . . . 11. ANAXAGOREA.

*** Inner petals valvate, tip incurved.
12. PoPowIA.

. Tree III. Mitrephorese. Petals valvate in bud, outer spreading;
inner dissimilar, concave, connivent, arching over the stamens and pisti
Stamens many, close-packed, anther-cells concealed by the overlapping con
hectives. Ovaries indefinite.

* Inner petals not clawed.

Inner petals smaller than the outer . . . . . . . . , 13. OXYMITRA.
Inner petals much larger than the outer . . . . . . . 14. PRAEANTHUS.
** Inner petals clawed, usually smaller than the outer.

Ovules 1-2, near the base of the ovary. . . . . . . . 15. GoNIOTHALAMUS.
Ovues many . . . . + . .. 16. MrraEPHORA.

TRIBE IV. Xylopiese. Petals valvate in bud, thick and rigid, connivent;
inner similar but smaller, rarely 0, Stamens many, close-packed, anther-
cells concealed by the produced connectives. Ovartes indefinite.

Ovules solitary ; fruit fleshy, of many connate carpels . . 16.* ANONA.

Ovnles 2-0; outer petals broad; torus convex . . . . . 17. MELODORUM.

Ovules 2—co ; outer petals narrow; torus flat or concave . . 18. XYLOPIA.

IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 47

Tre V. Miliusese. Petalsimbricate or valvate in bud. Stamens often
definite, loosely imbricate, anther-cells not concealed by the overlapping
connectives. Ovaries solitary or indefinite.

* Ovaries indefinite.

Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules definite. . . . . . 19. Minrusa.

Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules indefinite . . . . . 20. SACCOPETALUM.
Petals valvate, subequal; ovules 4-8 . . . . . . + . 21. ALPHONSEA.
Petals valvate, inner shortest; ovules 2-4 . . . . . + 22. ORoPHEA.

etals imbricate, subequal; ovules 2-8 . . . . . . . . 23. BOCAGEA. `

** Ovaries solitary.
Outer petals valvate, inner imbricate . . . . . . . . 24. KINGSTONIA.

the petals valvate . . . 0... 0. 0... s , . 25. LONCHOMERA.

l STELECHOCARPUS, Blume.

A tree. Leaves coriaceous, Flowers dicecious,fascicled, axillary or on the
old wood, Sepals 3, small, elliptic or orbicular, imbricate. Torus conical.
Stamens indefinite, connective dilated, truncate. Ovaries indefinite, ovoid ;
stigma sessile ; ovules 6 or more. Ripe carpels large, berried, globose, 4-6-

ed.— DISTRIB, Species 1 or 2, Malayan.

k: S. Burahol, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 48, t. 23 & 95 C.; leaves oblong-

ceolate acute or acuminate glabrous. H. f & T. Fl. Ind. 95.

Sincaronr, Lobb.—Disrrin. Java. . ,
K tall tree ; branches black, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 14-3 in., base acute ; petiole
iN ? flowers many, ] in. diam. ; d much smaller; pedicels with scaly bun: cod

"es nder, of 9 2-3 in., stout, clavate, bracteolate below the middle. We col-
à similar plant, but flowerless, near Chittagong.

2. UVARIA, Linn.

ud ndent or sarmentose shrubs usually stellately pubescent. nd

% ri or leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, cymose fascicled or solitary, b ° d

oval Ea brown; Sepals 3, often connate below, valvate. Petals 6, on icu "
ind 9r oblong, imbricate in 2 rows, sometimes connate at the base. tamen

€; top of connective ovoid-oblong truncate or subfoliaceous. f o us

short. £1? pubescent or tomentose. Ovaries indefinite, linear oblong ; 8 yle

ade hic ; ovules many, 2-seriate, rarely few or 1-seriate. ipe car] “a
and p ary or berried, few or many-seeded.—DistTRiB. Many tropical Asiatl

à few African Species,

e L Outer stamens flat, subfoliaceous, often imperfect.

Peduncle inal (2-4-flowered in
3, dul; S 1-2-flowered, leaf-opposed, rarely terminal (
» leis and 7, Lobbiana). eal-opp

a Leaves below and buds appressed tomentose.

1. .
la, U* Purpurea, Blume Bijd. 11: FL Jav. Anon. 13, t. 1 & 13 A;

c - : late, stellate
tomentose. me or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate cordate,

b eath, buds t tose enclosed in 2 large bracts, carpets
0 long or ey ndrie mucronate t om entose, dorsally 2-keeled. Hoe. qar
š 6655 Wa; 6,0; H. f. & T. FL Ind. 93. U. grandifiors, Boh on gran:
1 3 . . As. . 11. t. . saht & Arn. roar, 9.
diffora,’ DC. Deda t far ii. t. 121 ; Wight

48 IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Uvaria.

From Precu, Wallich, to SixcAPong, Lobb, and PENANG, Phillips.—Disrnis. East-
ward to the Philippines. - :

Shrubby, sarmentose; young parts stellately pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in.,
tapering downwards from above the middle, young pubescent above, soon glabrous and
shining ; nerves many, parallel, close-set near the petiole, which is 3-3 in. lowers
3-3 in. diam., rarely geminate, terminal or leaf-opposed, purple, odorous; bracts orbi-
cular, deciduous; peduncle 1-13 in. Sepals ovate, acute. Carpels many, stalked, sub-
torulose ; stalk 1-14 in.

2. U. Hamiltoni, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 96; leaves oblong-obovate long
acuminate pubescent above tomentose beneath, buds tomentose, peduncle

l-bracteolate, carpels subglobose or broad ovoid tomentose not keeled.
Wall. Cat. 6485, E.

Forests of the Srxxtm Tena, Benar near Monghir, and Assam, Hamilton. ;

Shrubby, sarmentose or scandent; branches rough,tomentose. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3} M.,
tapering to the rounded or cordate base; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary
or geminate, leaf-opposed; pedicel 1 in., tomentose. Sepals connate below, short,
broad, obtuse, mucronate. Petals broad-oval, densely tomentose on both surfaces.
Carpels many, 3-1 in., transversely grooved when dry ; stalk 1 in.

3. U. dulcis, Dunal Anon. 90 t. 13; leaves oval or oblong subacute
puberulous above, woolly beneath, buds globose tomentose, peduncle with
several bracteoles about the middle short 1-4-flowered. DC. Prodr. i. 88;
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 98. U. Javana, Dunal l.c. 91; Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 3.

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay; 'TENAssERIM, Brandis. I

A large woody climber ; young branches densely tomentose, Leaves 3-5 by 14-23 n,
base rounded or subcordate, slightly repand; petiole §-} in. Flowers 2 in. diam., su
umbellate, greenish, odorous; peduncle 1-1 in., leaf-opposed, short, woody; bracts
several; pedicels bracteolate about the middle. Petals oblong, subacute, tomentose 08
both sides.—Allied to U. macrophylla.

4, U. sphenocarpa, H. f. € T. FI. Ind. 99 ; leaves narrow-obovate o
cuneate-oblong, shining above stellate-tomentose beneath, peduncle 1-
flowered, bracts orbicular scaly imbricate, carpels obovate-cuneate sessile
warted. Thwaites Enum. 6; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 80.

Forests of CEvrow, ascending to 15,000 ft., Walker, &c. ;
A large shrub, climbing? Leaves 3-5 by 1]-21in., shortly petioled, long-acuminate,
base obtuse or retuse, above sparsely hairy, midrib tomentose. Flowers 4-4 in. diam.

greenish-brown; peduncles 3 in., leafopposed. Petals broadly oblong, tomentose
Carpels 1 in. diam., obovate-cuneate.

B. Leaves buds and carpels with loose spreading hairs,

5. U. hirsuta, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Bot, Misc, ii. 87 ; leaves oblong
with scattered hairs above and stellate hairs beneath, peduncle 1- rarely
2-flowered, bracts large deciduous basal, carpels long-stalked warted hairy;
— Blume Fl. Jav. Anon, t. 5; Wall. Cat. 6458 (excl. C); H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.
99. U. trichomalla, Blume l.c. 42 t. 18; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 665.

Penano, Jack; SiNcAPOnE, Lobb.—DisrRIE. Sumatra, Java. š

A woody sarmentose shrub; young branches softly hairy. Leaves 5-6 by 14-25 1!
base rounded or cordate ; petiole $ in. Flowers 14 in. diam., red; buds globose, hairy ;
peduncles 1 in., terminal or lateral, softly hairy, articulate near the base; bract à
Sepals large, orbicular, connate. Petals oblong, downy. Carpels 1-1} in., oblong %

ovate-oblong, beak obscurely keeled—“ deep orange, rugose, densely stellate-pi os;
Maingay mss.

Uvaria.] IV. ANONACEEX. (Hook. f & Thoms.) 49

y. Leaves glabrous, except on the nerves.

6. U. bracteata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 660; leaves oblong or obovate-ob-
long acute or shortly acuminate, peduncle 1-2-flowered, bract median leafy
petioled, carpels subsessile oblong obtuse young tomentose. Wall. Cat.

6468; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 100. U. Gomeziana, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 27 ;
Wall. Cat. 6459.

Eastern BENGAL, from Silhet, Roxburgh; to Tenasserim, Wallich. ob

A large woody climber; young branches tomentose. Leaves 4-7 by 13-24 in., base
rounded, thin, firm, glabrous except the midrib and nerves beneath; petiole 1-3 in.,
tomentose. Flowers 4 in. diam., pale yellow; peduncles 4 in., leateppose ; bract
4 in, oblong or ovate. Sepals connate to the middle, pubescent. Carpels 1-2 in.

Y U.Lobbiana, 7. Jf. & T. Fl. Ind. 100; leaves oblong or obovate-
0

ong obtuse acute or mucronate glabrous, peduncle 2-4-flowered, bract
small cord

te amplexicaul at the fork, carpels obliquely ovoid long-stalked
tubercled

Maracca, Grifith, Mainga , and SrNcAPORE, Lobb. .
large woody climbers branchlets pubescent, Leaves 4-7 by 13-3 in. base
rounded or subcordate, thin, coriaceous, midrib and under surface with sometimes a
few stellate hairs; petiole l-jin. Flowers 1 in. diam., purplish-brown ; buds globose ;
Peduncles terminal and leaf-opposed, pedicels bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles abon
lin. Sepals connate for $ their length into a wavy cup. Petals broad-oval, tomentose,
varted on both surfaces, ^ Carpels 1 in., tomentose. —Near U. ptychocalyz, Miq.

** Peduncles 3-6-flowered, leaf-opposed. (See 3, dulcis and 7, Lobbiana.)

š U, macrophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 663 ; leaves oblong or obovate-
oblong abruptly acuminate, glabrous or stellate-pubescent beneath, peduncle
em] Do wered, bracts small oval basal, carpels ovoid or oblong es a pn

or stalked, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 122 ; Cat, 6487; H. f. & T. Fl. ind.
97; Beddome Ic, Pl, Ind. Or. t.81. U. cordata, Wall, Cat, 6486. Guatteria
cordata, Dunal Anon. 199 t. 30 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93. u
STERN BENGAL, from Silhet to Ava and Sincapore; South-Eastern districts of
Cevuox — Distri, Java. t hu
àrge sarmentose shrub; young parts tomentose. Leaves 6-12 by 3-6 2 imei
cordate, nerves above tomentose; petiole }-} in. Flowers 14 in. diam., reddish- j4 a
uncles 1 in, and bracts tomentose ; pedicels short ; bracteole supramedian. nd
The Ate pubescent. Carpels 1-1} in., berried, sometimes shorter than their stalk.
Th

e ilippi i identified with this, we refer to U.
ovalifolia, mund Philippine specimens formerly identifie
9. U. se nd. 97 ; leaves oblong or ob-
ovate-ob] mecarpifolia, HW. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 97;

i -pubescent

Ong obtuse or mucronate rarely acute very thick stellate-pu
stale peduncle 3-6-flowered, bracts at the forks scaly, carpels shortly
t - Smooth tomentose.—Thwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or.

pacca, Griffith; tropi ral and S. E. CEYLON.

A Woody ii brakes PRU j es 6-10 by 24-44 in, slightly cordate,
dune] above pubescent; petiole 3 in. Flowers 1-1} in. diam., greenish} ah
"bei 3 8 leafoppesed, tomentose. Petals broad-oval, hoary, Carpels 1 in. E

bose.— acca specimens have more distant nerves than Ceylon ones.

thou, Ptychocal Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 4; leaves oblong

' A . . Lugd. Bat. y.
la orale along obtuse ora raptly acuminate stellately hairy ete "
go glabrous, peduncle 2-3-flowered with a large leafy bract at e bas

Mo. Bot. Garden,

PEER SRS

50 IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Uvaria.

of each pedicel and a bracteole under the calyx, carpels stalked subglobose
rough densely tomentose.

Forests of Peau, Maclelland, &c.—DisrRiB. Sumatra, Java?

A woody climber ; bark dark grey, rugged; young parts densely tomentose. Leaves
4-12 by 2-5 in, slightly cordate, midrib and nerves above tomentose ; petiole 3-} in.
Flowers 1] in. diam., dull red-purple ; pedicels 4-3 in. ; bract 4-1 in. long, ovate, tomen-
tose. Sepals connate halfway up into a densely tomentose cup, margins subplicate.
Petals fleshy, oval or obovate-oblong, obtuse, tubercular, pubescent. Carpels size of a
cherry ; stalk 1-14 in.

*** Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.

11. U. subrepanda, Wall. Cat. 6483 ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong
acute glabrous above pubescent beneath at length glabrous, peduncles
slender stellately pubescent bracteolate about the middle and base. H.J.
£ T. Fl. Ind. 101.

Stncapore, Wallich. :

A shrub ; branches very slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves membranous, mid-
rib pubescent above. Peduncles 1in.; bracteoles concave.—A very imperfectly known
plant.

Sect. II. Stamens all cuneate ; connective truncate or capitate or hardly
produced beyond the cells.

* Flowers 1 inch or more in diameter.

12. U. macropoda, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 101; leaves 3-6 in. oblong or
lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous, buds tubercled beaked, carpon
oblong granulate 3-quetrous very long stalked. Thwaites Enum. 6; Bed-
dome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 79. `

Forests in Central and Eastern CEevrow, Walker, &c.

A large woody climber; branchlets glabrous or with sparse stellate scales. Leaves
3-6 by 1-2 in., shining above, pale beneath ; petiole fin. Flowers 2 in. diam., reddish
brown, terminal or leaf-opposed ; peduncle scurfy. ^pals granular, tomentose inside,
orbicular, mucronate. Petals oblong. Carpels 15-30, 1-2 in., berried, scarlet ; stalk
3-6 in., clavate.

13. U. Narum, Wall. Cat. 6173; leaves 3-8 in. oblong-lanceolate oF
narrow-oblong acute or shortly acuminate glabrous, buds globose stellate-
tomentose, carpels ovoid or oblong smooth slender-stalked. W. d: A. Prodr.
9; Wight 1U.1,t.6; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 102; Thwaites Enum. 6. Unona
Narum, Dunal Anon. 99; DC. Prodr. i. 89.

Forests of the WESTERN PENINSULA; central province of CrvLow, ascending to
4000 ft.

A large woody climber; branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 11-13 in., shining above;
petiole } in., glabrous. Flowers 1-1} in. diam., terminal or leaf opposed, solitary, red-
dish or dingy green; pedicels 1-14 in., filiform, glabrous. Sepals orbicular, subacute.
Petals sometimes 7-8, oval or oblong, connate below. Carpels 1 in., scarlet, subto-
rulose, glabrous; stalk 1-2 in.

Van. 1. Eunarum ; leaves 3-6 ìn., more oblong-lanceolate.

C Var. 2. macrophylla; leaves 6-9 in., lanceolate, carpels on longer thicker angulat
stalks.—U. lurida, var. B, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 101; Walt. Cat. 6473; Dalz. & Gibs.
Fl. Bomtay, 3. ;

14. U. lurida, Z. f. T. Fl. Ind. 101 (excl. zar. 8) ; leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining on both surfaces
buds globose rough glandular, fruit unknown.

`

Uvaria.] IV. ANONACEZX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 51

Northern slopes of the Knasta nius, alt. 2000 ft., J. f. & T. .

A large woolly climber ; young parts with stellate scales. Leaves 3-8 by 1-2} in.
ase rounded or acute, paler beneath; petiole 1 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., soli ay, or
geminate; peduncles 1 in., stellately pubescent. Petals broad-obovate, obtuse.—
sibly a state of U. Narum. .

15. U. zeylanica, 7.; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or
acuminate thickly coriaceous quite glabrous, buds very small subglobose,
carpels subsessile ovoid or globose hoary.—Dunal Anon. 88; P fad Or.
1.88; H. f. & T'. Fl. Ind.102 ; Thwaites Enum. 6 ; Beddome Ic. * n » D
78 U. coriacea, Vahl Symb, iii. 72. U. lutea, Wall. Cat. 646 ] (no 2
Roxb). U. Heyneana, W. & A. Prodr. 8 (not of Wall.) Guatteria
barica, Dunal Anon. 134. Q. montana, DC. Prodr. i. 94.

ALABAR, TnAvANCOR, and CEYLON. , >

A large wooly climber’ branchlets tomentose. Leaves 24-34 by 3-1} in., baso acute,
dark green and shining above, red or pale beneath ; petiole very short. waro LN
diam, solitary or geminate, dull red ; peduncles 4 in., terminal or leaf-opposed,

e; bracts several, scaly. Petals oblong, acute. Carpels 1 in.

16. U. pauciovulata, H. f. & T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse or
obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above paler and scaberulous cne »
pubescent on the strong nerves, racemes terminal few-flowered, carpels g

- mammillate tomentose long-stalked.

ALACCA, Maingay.

‘flexnous shrub; "ranchlets bracts sepals and petals externally brown-tomentose or
surfy. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 in, rigid, coriaceous, base rounded or cordate, Do Howere T:
spreading; petiole Tyin. Flowers 14 in. diam. ; peduncle short, stoti FA ter etals

racts orbicular ; buds globose. Si pals 1 in., orbicular, connate to the midd e. Ou er petar

1n., orbicular-oblong, very coriaceous, glabrous within; inner as o n tizma
orus flattish. Ovaries linear, with stellate scales, base solid ; style grind io EAT.
tue; ovules 1-3 superposed. — Carpels 12-15, j-À in. diam., 1-2 seeded ;

m., slender, Seeds horizontal, compressed, testa shining.

** Flowers small, X inch or less in diameter.

I7. U. micrantha, 77. . & T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong-lanceolate
Obtusely acuminate glabrous coriaceous, petiole very short, buds EF spose
pubescent, carpels glabrous granulate. Guatteria micrantha, 4. DC.

» Wall, Cat, 6449, Polyalthia fruticans, A. DC. Lc. 42 ; Wall. Cat. 6430.

Easrery PENINSULA ; from Ava and Tenasserim, to Penang. .

iq Ee woody climber; young parts tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by 3-13 in ae scutes
midrib above and under surface when young slightly hairy. ff lower 8 3 ` ubescent
White ; peduncles 1-3, 4 in., tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular. weer P
outside, Persistent, not much imbricated. Carpels 15-20, 4—) in., stalk as long.

13. U. sumatrana, //. & T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lan-
d membranous Wag acuminate tip obtuse or acute glabrous, petiole
TY sho

Bai, s,» flowers minute fascicled. Anaxagorea sumatrana, Mig, Fl. Ind.
^ uppl. i, 382.
NDAMAN ISLANDS Ky Z. ;
: Branches slender, rongi oung brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by $-14 in., base

- wers
termina) Subacute, midrib above tomentose ; petiole very short, tomentosa, P Sone
inal or Jeaf-opposed, tomentose; bracteole submedian, small, orbicular,
Sepals ova

19. v. parviflora, M. f. T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong usually acu-
Minate membranous r ell i. d-dotted, petiole 1-3 in., buds minute globose,
Uncles 1-4-flowered with several bracts. E2

52 IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Uvaria.

Penana, Phillips.

_A slender woody climber; branchlets glabrous; buds tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by
14-2] in., base acute, nerves reticulate. lowers very minute; peduncle about š in,
leaf-opposed or nearly so; bracts alternate; pedicels 3-4 in., puberulous ; bracteole
submedian, linear-oblong. Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals ovate, acute.

U. screrocarpa, A. DC. Mem. Anon.27; Wall. Cat. 6461, from Moulmein, is a
very doubtful plant, of which the flower is unknown and fruit immature.

3. BLLIPEIA, H. f. & T.

Characters of Uvaria, but differing in the oblong style, solitary ventral
or subbasal ovule, and 1-seeded carpels.—Dr1sTRIB. Malayan Peninsula an
Archipelago ; species 5 or 6—Reduced to Uvaria by Baillon.

1. E. cuneifolia, H. f. T. Fl. Ind. 104; leaves oblong or hovate-
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, oflowers
in terminal panicles, carpels tomentose oblong obtuse. Hook. Jc. Pl. t. 1025.

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay. .

Branches woody, brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coriaceous, base
rounded or subcordate, shining above except the tomentose midrib; petiole 4 in. Pe
dicels 4 in., densely tomentose ; bracts at each fork oblong or ovate; bracteole under
the calyx, orbicular. Flowers 14 in. diam., densely tomentose. Carpels 4-3 in., with
a lateral mucro ; stalk 1 in.

2. E. ferruginea, H. f. & T. ; leaves oblong or obovate acute or obtuse
appressed pubescent above densely stellate tomentose beneath, flowers
solitary terminal or leaf opposed carpels stellate-tomentose. Uvaria ferru-
ginea, Ham, ; H. f. € T. FL nd. 96

Forests of Ava at Meaday, Hamilton; and Peau, Kurz. i

Scandent; branches slender, brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 14-34 in.; petiole
3-4 in., brown-tomentose. Flowers 11-14 in. diam., grey-pubescent ; peduncle 5-4 1n;
bracts submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals 1 in., broad-ovate, acute.
Petals 3 in., oval. Carpels many, shortly stalked.—M. Kurz sends detached fruits,
from which the description is taken.

3. E. glabra, JT. f. & T. ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acu-
minate quite coriaceous glabrous on both surfaces, cymes axillary 3-5-
flowered, carpels subglobose, stalk slender.

Matacca, Maingay. š

A tree; branchlets and inflorescence brown-pubescent. Leaves 4-54 by 14-2 m,
base rounded or acute, rigid above, hardly shining, beneath rather paler, veins strong
arched ; petiole J-4 in. glabrous. Flowers 14 in. diam., cymes 1-13 in. ; peduncle very
short; pedicels longer; bracteole oblong, 4-amplexicaul, recurved. Sepals in., ovate
Janceolate, acute, recurved. Petals flat, not clawed, outer 1 in. obovate-lanceolate, sub-
acute; inner shorter, obovate, obtuse. Ovaries glabrous below, solid and strigose above:
ovule 1, erect (Maingay). Carpels $in., walls thin; stalk 3-1] in., slender. Set
oblong, pale, girt with a deep longitudinal furrow.— Very different in habit from 11$
congeners.

4. E. nervosa, H. f. & T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong cT
lanceolate finely acuminate coriaceous glabrous pale, nerves beneath strong
oblique, flowers solitary extra-axillary polygamous, carpels glabrous st
stout.

Matacca, Maingay. :

Branches stout. Leaves 6-10 by 21-3 in., base acute, nerves very oblique, faint above;

g

Ellipeia.] IV. ANONACEZE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 53

petiole š in., thickened, glabrous. Flowers 3 in. diam, silky-pubescent, solitary, leaf-
opposed ; peduncle short, stout; bracts basal. Sepals broad-ovate, obtuse. Petals
spreading, imbricate (Maingay), outer obovate-oblong, obtuse; inner rather shorter,
0 long. Stamens in $ very many, in 9 few. Ovaries many, curved, top rounded.
Unripe carpels 3 in., narrow-ovoid, curved, narrowed at either end, fleshy.

4 CYATHOCALYX, Champion.

Trees, Leaves glabrous. Flowers fascicled terminal or leaf-opposed.
do free or united into a 3-lobed cup. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate in bud,
b qual, bases concave conniving, blade flat spreading. Stamens indefinite,
ong-cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells linear, dorsal. Ovaries solitary (or 2-3
2C ? Maingayi), on a concave torus; stigma large, peltate; ovules many.

ipe carpels berried.— DisTRIB. Tropical India ; species 3.

Et C. zeylanicus, Champ. ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 127; leaves oblong-
i vato acuminate, calyx truncate remotely 3-toothed, carpel oblong or
subglobose, Thwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 47.
Central and southern provinces of Certoy, Walker.
„tree; branches glabrous; bark dark, buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by
al In, base acute; petiole 4 in. F'lowers 1-3, fascicled on a short woody peduncle,
iis green; pedicels 4-lin. Petals 24 by 14 in., brown-pubescent. Car pels 24 in.
x w. berried. Seeds com ressed, 1 in., sides transversely rugose, testa red-brown, bony.
* have removed the Mergui plant of Griffith (No. 1032) to the following.

^» C. martabanicus, 7/. f.& T. ; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate,
yx acutely 3-lobed to the middle, carpel oval.

Orests of Peau, ''ex AssgRIM and MARTABAN. .
irai: branches smooth, glabrous, young puberulous. Leaves 6-8 by 2-4 in.;
° tiu Flowers 1-3 together, leaf-opposed; pedicels very short, pubescent.
V» pubescent. Petals 1-1 in., inner shortest and narrowest. Carpel 3 by 14 in.
le! Main lliptic or elliptic-
0 š ngayi, H. f. T. ; leaves glabrous broad-elliptic or elip
"nd tip š in. abruptly caudate linear obtuse, buds subglobose silky,
S very large thick subglobose sessile.
Matacca, Main gay.

tree; branchlets near! _8in. base obtuse or sub-

ac arly glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in., base -
Xm eaa branous, beneath concolorous, nerves slender; petiole Ta- in. Fi lowers? in.
ovate. Bonis on a short pubescent axillary bracteate peduncle. Sepals almost thee
smaller and. densely pubescent. Outer petals obovate, rusty pubescent; inner rat te.
urpels 9.31 | Wet: Connective not prolonged. Ovaries 2-3 ; ovules 10, 2-seriate.
-34 by 14-3 in, subverrucose, pubescent, at length glabrous. Seeds many,

broad 4
nas flattened, imbricate in 2 series; testa bony.—Referred to near Artabotrys and

d n .
imbricate LY Maingay ; à very doubtful member of this genus. Petals valvate below,

5. ARTABOTRYS, R. Brown.

Sarmento ; lit or
fasci Sé or scandent shrubs. eaves shining. Flowers solitary
Senay Usually on woody usually hooked recurved branches (peduncles).

flat s. 3, valvate, Petals 6, 2-seriate, bases concave connivent, limb spreading,
rodu e e or clavate. Stamens oblong or cuneate ; connective trunca
style oj, ao ther-cells dorsal. Torus flat or convex. Ovaries By or er
Disram. TS or columnar ; ovules 2, erect, collateral Ripe carpels berried.
s Topical Africa and Eastern Asia.

bá IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Fhoms) [Artabotrys

* Limb of petals broad-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong.

1. A. odoratissimus, Z, Br. in Bot. Reg. 423, not of Blume ; leaves
oblong or lanceolate glabrous, petals glabrous when expanded, carpels g r
brous. Wall. Cat. 6415; W. & A. Prodr. 10: H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 128.
hamatus, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 60, t. 29,31 C. Unona hamata, Dunal Ane
106, t. 17; DC. Prodr.i.90. Uvaria odoratissima and hamata, Leoxb, Ft.
Ind. ii. 666.

Southern parts of the WESTERN PENINSULA, and in CkvLow ; cultivated throughout
India— Disrris. Java, S. China. ,

A glabrous shrub; branches long. Leaves 2-8 by 1-2 in. Flowers yellow, sou
or geminate. Petals 1-13 in., nearly equal, young pubescent, especially at the base.
Carpels obovate-oblong, yellow, odorous.

2. A. Kurzii, A. f. & 7. ; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse or obtusely
mucronate or elliptic and acute at both ends, glabrous except the p ts
nerves and midrib, flowers on solitary slender (not hooked) peduncles, pe
grey-pubescent, carpels glabrous.

Forests of Peau, Kurz. i

Shrubby, sarmentose; young parts brown-tomentose. Leaves 24-6 by 14-21 m,
shining above, pale below; petiole j in. Flowers extra-axillary ;. peduncle 1 m,
strigose. Sepals | in., triangular, acuminate. Petals about 14 in., limb oblong, s
acute or obtuse, grey-pubescent; inner rather shorter. Carpels (unripe) many.—
peduncles, which are not hooked in flower, may become so in fruit.

3. A. zeylanicus, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 128; leaves oblong or lanceolate
acute or obtusely acuminateglabrous, peduncle'leaf-opposed, sepals as p
as long, petals tomentose, carpels tomentose. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t,

Forests of MALABAR, Canara, Central and Southern CEYLON. . :
A woody climber; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 4-6 by 13-24 in. ; petiole der
Flowers brown-tomentose; pedicels 4 in., pubescent. Sepals puberulous, 4 in. long.

Petals 13-1} in., inner shorter and narrower; limb flat, lanceolate. Carpels broa
obovoid, mucronate.

4. A. crassifolius, M. f. T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse subacute
or obtusely mucronate, coriaceous glabrous or pilose beneath, petiole very
thick, peduncles reflexed woody, petals and carpels densely tomentose.

EASTERN PENINSULA, from Martaban, Brandis, to Malacca, Griffith. "
A large woody climber; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 6 by 24-3 in., base acute
obtuse, lucid above, pale and strongly nerved beneath; petiole À in., glabrous. Fein

4 in., brown-tomentose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals densely tomentose; t
latter 14 by 14 in., inner shorter and half the width. Ovaries sparingly hairy;

le
cylindric. — Carpels many, 1} in. obovoid, very thick, glabrous, granulate ; stalk
hardly any.

5. A. pleurocarpus, Maingay mss. ; leaves elliptic or oblong-lance™
late or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous glabrous, flowers E
cicled, peduncles falcate, petals subequal elliptic-oblong obtuse,ovaries 8
brous, carpels pubescent broad elliptic.

Maracca, Maingay.

A scandent shrub; branches slender, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 13-2 in., base acute,

e, finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves slender, spreading ; petiole 4-3 vá

eduncles ) in. densely pubescent. Sepals Ñ in., broad-ovate, obtuse or subacute
Petals flat, pubescent on both surfaces ; outer 1-14 in., inner rather smaller. Connecti
apiculate. Ovaries many, slender. Carpels 3 in., mammillate, obscurely groo"
narrowed into the short stout stalk. Seeds 2, testa stony,

Artabotrys. | IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 55

** Limb of outer or all the petals linear, narrow-oblong or subclavate.

6. A. speciosus, Kurz. mss. in Hb. Kew. ; leaves oblong obtusely acumi-
nate thick rigid glabrous, peduncles flattened woody reflexed, outer petals
linear-lanceolate tapering from the base, inner much narrower, ovaries

brous,

AxpAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. N by 2-3 in

Scandent; bark grey, rugged, reticulate; leaf-buds silky. Leaves 5-8 y -a the
shining above, dull beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers fascicled towards the end o de
pubescent peduncles. Sepals } in., ovate, acute or acuminate, thick, rigid, puberu ve ;
outside, glabrous within. Outer petals 2 by } in., appressed pubescent, claw concave ;

á : igose.
inner much contracted above the orbicular concave claw, narrow-linear. Torus strig
i$ unknown.

"M ; th ends
7. A. Maingayi, M. f. £: T. ; leaves elliptic acuminate at bo
labrous tip catia, petidle slender, peduncle falcate glabrous, outer petals
ear-oblong, inner rather smaller, ovaries glabrous, carpels s
brous,
Matacca, Maingay. : :
Branches black, glabrous, slender. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., thin, curn and
ely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., fascicled ; pedunc vel
Ty-pubescent, Sepals 4', in., obtuse. Outer petals 1-1} by 4-4 in, o void” Ca els
small, suborbicular; inner smaller and narrower. Ovaries 3-4, voi now ee
Y 1} in., elliptic.globose, mammmillate, yellow, walls thick. Seeds 2, pla ’
stony.

8 A. caudatus, Wall. Cat. 6417; leaves oblong-lanceolate hin
taudate-aeuminate glabrous, peduncles short woody recurve e clas
r ered, outer petals narrow-linear not contracted above the squar .
É € T. Fl, Ind. 129.

asia Hints, Wallich. -2 in.

woody climber ; old branches glabrous, young pubescent. Leaves 3-5 bT tened

tome ranou, shining ; petiole à in. Sepals short, acute. Petals 14 ìn., ,
entose :

; inner similar, rather smaller.—Only known from Wallich's specimen in
Herb. Linn, Soc

` date-
9. 4. burmanicus Alph. DC. Mem. 36 ; leaves oblong obtusely cau

acuminate softly pubescent beneath, peduncles woody usually Loved
mentose, limb of petals subulate 3-quetrous, carpels glabrate. Notul iv.

nz) H. f. & T. Fl. Tad. 129. Ropalopetalum uniflorum, Grif.

Ava, Wallich ; TeNasserm, Griffith i
Alarge woody climber ; branches Ader, young tomentose. Leaves 3-7 by iaces
a branous, glabrous above, except the midrib, nerves subhirsute an Petals
po in. long; peduncles obliquely leaf-opposed, old woody and hooked.
YPubescent, ” Carpels 1 in. obovate-oblong.

l 10, A, Suaveolens, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 62, t. 30, 31 D ; d %
"ng lanceolate acuminate shining above glabrous on both rved many-
ñ ely hairy on the midrib beneath, peduncles woody ron ia OF s uh
pered, flowers fascicled bracteolate, limb of petals vn RL Ind. 129;
Ua carpels sessile smooth. Wall. Cut. 6416; H. f. & T. Fl.
m gàveolens, Blume Bijd. 17. he Philippines í

HET to MALAcca.— Disterig. Eastwards to t e F hip "TS 1} in.,
he "8? woody climber ; branches dark, striate, young silky I Leaves 3-503 ‘odorous
bracts sat Pale beneath ; petiole } in. Flowers about 4 in. long, blon a

subulate, deciduous, Petals grey-pubescent. Carpels small, g

56 IV. ANONACEAX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Drepananthus.

6 DREPANANTHUS, Maingay, mss.

Trees Leaves large, pubescent beneath. Racemes short, fascicled on
woody truncal tubercles, Sepals 3, nearly free. Petals 6, valvate, 2-serl-
ate, subequal ; bases concave, connivent ; limb erect or spreading, broad
or narrow. Stamens many, cuneate, truncate ; anthers linear, cells lateral ;
connective not produced. Ovaries 4-12; stigma subsessile ; ovules 4 or
more, 2-seriate. Carpels globose, several-seeded.

1. D. pruniferus, Maingay mss. ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate
rusty-pubescent beneath, sepals nearly equalling the petals, limb and base
of petals nearly equal, both broad obtuse.

Maracca, Maingay .

A tree; branches stout, woody, pubescent. Leaves 8-12 by 4-5 in., base obliquely
rounded or cordate, very coriaceous, opaque above, veins many, strong; petiole š in.,
very stout. lowers lin. diam., rusty tomentose peduncles 1-1 in., stout, scarred,
pedicels 3 in. stout; bract oblong, median. Sepals 3 in., broad-ovate, acute. Pet
constricted in the middle, Ovaries 8-12, silky; ovules many. Carpels 1} in. diam.,
sessile, pruinose. Seeds horizontal. .

2. D. ramulifiorus, Maingay mss.; leaves oblong obtuse pubescent
beneath, sepals much shorter than the petals, limb of petals slender linear
much longer than their broad base.

Maracca, Maingay.

A lofty tree. Leaves as in O. pruniferus, but tip more obtuse, base less cordate.
Flowers 4 in. long; peduncles densely crowded, very short; pedicels +5 in., equalling
the broad ovate acute sepals, both rusty pubescent. Petals with a pale silky base, an
incurved grey terete obtuse limb, grooved on the inner face. Ovaries 6-10, pilose,
d, Srovuled. Carpels (ripe?) $ in. sessile, obtuse, densely silky-tomentose ; walls
thick.

7. CANANGA, Rumph.

Tall trees. Leaves large. Flowers large, yellow, solitary or fascicled on
short axillary peduncles, Sepals 3, ovate or triangular, valvate. Petals 6,
2-seriate, subequal or inner smaller, long, flat, valvate. Stamens linear,
anther-cells approximate extrorse ; connective produced into a lanceolate
acute process (truncate in 3% monosperma). Ovaries many ; style pean
(or 0?) ; stigmas subcapitate; ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Ripe carpes
many, berried, stalked or sessile. Seeds many, testa crustaceous, pitted,
sending spinous processes into the albumen —Dustrrp, All Malayan.—
Reduced to Unona by Baillon (Hist. Pl. i, 209), but besides the marked
characters of flowers and stamens, ovules and seeds, the habit is very dif-
ferent. Baillon also retains the name of Cananga for the American plants
erroneously referred by Aublet to Rumph’s Cananga.

1. C. odorata, JT. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 130; leaves ovate-oblong finely acu-
minate puberulous beneath, petals 3 in. subequal narrow-linear, carpels
glabrous long-stalked. Uvaria odorata, Zam. Ili. t. 495, f. 1 ; Roab. FI. Ind.
ñ 661; Wall. Cat. 6457 ; W. € A. Prodr.8; Blume Fi. Jav. Anon. t. 9;
Cif. Notul. àv. 712; U. farcta, Wall. Cat. 6460 ; U. axillaris, Roxb, Fl. Ind.
ii. 667 ; Unona odorata and U. leptopetala, Dunal Anon. 108 and 114;
Prodr. i. 90 and 91 ; Deless. Tc. Sel. t. 88.

Ava and Tenasserim, Wallich.—Disrnis. Java, Philippines. Cultivated throughout
India and the tropics. - ° i

Cananga. | IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 57

Atall tree ; trunk straight ; bark smooth, ashy; shoots glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3in.,
most puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded, margins waved; petiole 4 in.
Flowers 3 in. long, usually 3-nate, drooping, yellow, odorous; peduncles solitary or
several from old scars; pedicels 1 in., recurved, hoary, with a few basal and a median
scaly bract. Petals j in., base broad, silky when young. Carpels about 12, $-3 in.,
ovoid or obovoid, black, 6-12-seeded.

2. C. virgata, M. f. & T., leaves elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate,
petiole and nerves beneath pubescent, inner petals much smaller than the
outer, carpels sessile densely tomentose. Unona virgata, Bl. Byd. 14; Miquel
Pt Ned. nd. i. pt. 2,42, Uvaria virgata, Bl. Fl. Jav. Anon. 43, t. 19 and

Matacca, Maingay.—Duisrers. Java.
, Alarge tree; branches rather slender, pale, ultimate puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34
in, base subacute, thin, pale, membranous, above hardly shining, midrib puberulous and
nerves faint, b:low concolorous, midrib arching, nerves distinct; petiole 4—4 in., pubescent:
8 3-1 in. diam., greenish-brown, 3-nate, axillary, tomentose. Sepals + in., ovate-
lanceolate, acute. Petals subulate-lanceolate from a broad base ; inner flat above, con-
cave below with glabrous red ridges. Connective of outer stamens truncate, of inner
with a long recurved beak. Ovaries 4-6, hirsute; ovules many, 2-seriate; stigma
sessile. Torus conic, truncate, hairy. Carpels 2-3 in., ovoid-oblong, top rounded, walls
Very thick; base contracted. Seeds many, horizontal, 2-seriate.

3! €. monosperma, Hook f. ¢ T. ; branchlets and leaves quite gla-
brous, leaves elliptic obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate, nerves many
slender nearly horizontal, petals pubescent, outer broad oblong, inner oblong-

ceolate, carpels small glabrous mammillate short-stalked 1-seeded.

MALACOA, Maingay. :
Fs tree; branches slender, pale; branchlets and buds glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in.,

in, coriaceous, base subacute, concolorous, petiole j in. Flowers axillary, š in. diam.,
š Mary, cernuous ; peduncle 1-4 in., glabrous, curved; bract basal. Sepals broad-ovate,

ery small, Petals hoary, obtuse, inner as long but much narrower than the outer.

er truncate. Torus convex, hairy. Ovarics very many, silky; style 0; ovules

veral, sub-2-seriate. Carpels } in., very obliquely globose, or broader than long;
thin, stout. Seed a little compressed, shining, pitted.

8. CYATHOSTEMMA, Griffith.

in shrub. ? Flowers subglobose in much-branched axillary pendulous cymes
img de old wood. Sepals 3, connate, hirsute. Petals 6, P seriate, si M
Torus N Y, Inner rather smaller, all valvate at the base, tips 1m neste,
"d pu margin convex, Stamens many, linear ; anthers subintrorse, M
bro of connective oblique incurved. Ovaries many ; style cylindric, gla-

seeded) notched; ovules many, 2-seriate. Ripe carpels turgid, many-

obie Viridiflorum, Grif. Votul. iv. 707 ; Ic. iv. t. 650 ; leaves obovate-
9g or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or apiculate glabrous.
WETERN PexivsLA, Grifith ; Penana, Maingay ; North Axpaman, Kurz.

a . . 1 ly
4. remarkable (Griffith Notul. lc.) aromatic, pith small, wood cruciate
vd Leaves 4-8 M 2-3 in, base rounded or subacute, petiole à-1 it : lowers
n Pa cymes brown-tomentose ; bract submedian, oblong. Repols roa Ove ries
densely os acute, base contracted, of inner most so, tomentose, edo sto ut et
Kurs e hentose. Carpels 1-14 in., oblong, smooth, glabrous; stalk as long, :

~ *Pecimens have leaves only, but these and the wood agree with Griffith's.

58 IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona.

9. UNONA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Flowers often solitary, axillary
terminal or leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate or open
in sestivation, 2-seriate ; 3 inner sometimes absent. Torus flat or slightly
concave, Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells linear, extrorse, top of connective
subglobose or truncate. Ovaries numerous; style ovoid or oblong, recurv
grooved ; ovules 2-8, l-seriate (rarely sub-9-seriate) Ripe carpels many,
usually elongate and constricted between the seeds. Seeds few or many.—
DisrEiB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25.

Sect. I. Desmos, 77.f. & T. Petals 6.
* Flowers axillary.

l U. elegans. Thwaites Enum. 398; erect, leaves narrow oblong-lanceo-
late long-acuminate glabrous, glaucous beneath, petals glabrous (when
mature), carpels deeply constricted between the seeds, Beddome Ic. Pl. I nd,
Or. t. 50.

Forests of Hinidoon Pattoo, CEvLox, Thwaites.

A much branched shrub or tree; branches rugose, slender; young golden-silky. Leaves
3-54 by 4-1} in.; petiole j in. Peduncle 4-4} in., slender; bracts 1-2, minute. Sepals
}in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Outer petals 14-14 in., oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
pubescent when very young only ; inner narrower, shorter.

2. U. zeylanica, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; erect, leaves narrowly obi
lanceolate acute or obtusel taper-pointed coriaceous glabrous, petas
glabrous, carpels constricted between the seeds, Thwaites Enum. 9;
Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 74.

Central province of Ceyton, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c.

A small glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft., bark grey, rugged; young buds pubescent. Leaves
5-8 by 11-2 in., base acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellow-green, base red inside; peduncles
1-3, 4 in. ; bracts minute, deciduous, basal. Sepals small, oblong-lanceolate, puberulous.
Petals 14 by } in., coriaceous, lanceolate, inner shorter and narrower. Carpels stalked ;
joints 1-4, ovoid.

3. U. Dunalii, Wall. Cat. 6425; climbing, leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous shining above glaucous beneath, petals glabrous
carpels constricted between the seeds. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 131 (excl. the
Concan plant).

Forests of Currragone at Sitakund, H. f. & T.; Penane, Wallich. red

A large glabrous climber, bark spotted white. Leaves 3-44 by 4-2 in., with scatte i
hairs on the midrib beneath, base rounded cordate or acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers pa
yellow; peduncle 2-flowered, pubescent ; bracts 2-3, basal, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute,
Petals 14 in., lanceolate ; inner shorter, narrower. Ovules 4-6. Carpels of 1-3 ovol
joints.— The Concan specimens referred here in Fl. Ind. are referable to U. discolor var.
lævigata, having leaf-opposed peduncles,

X 4. U. pannosa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 207 ; erect, leaves
ovate-lanceolate glabrous above pubescent beneath, petals tomentose
carpels ovoid not constricted between the seeds, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 195;
Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 52; Uvaria mollis, Wall. Cat. 6475.

Forests of Concan, Dalzell ; and Travancor, Wight, &c.

A tree; young parts puberulous. Leaves 24-4 by 3-14 in., thin, pellucid-dotted, bas?
rounded or acute. Flowers brown-tomentose ; peduncles very short; bracts 1
more, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals 14-2 1n., lanceolate, inner narrower
shorter. les 2-4. Carpels % in., subsessile, obtuse at both ends, pubescent.

1-3, large, shining.

Unona. ] 1V. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 59

** Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, terminal, or leaf-opposed,

5. U. dumosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 670; climbing, leaves oblong or
obovate obtuse or acute glabrous above tomentose beneath, peduncle
lflowered, sepals cordate, petals large obovate-spathulate, carpels con-
stricted between the seeds. Wall. Cat. 6429 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 131,

Forests of SiLHET, Roxburgh, &c.; MArAcoA, Maingay. .
À woody climber; branchlets brown-tomentose. zaves 3-5 by 13-2] in., brown or
mái beneath, thin, parallel-nerved, base rounded or cordate; petiole 4 in. Flowers
» pendulous, yellow-green ; peduncles 1—14 in., terminal or leaf-opposed, slender,
tomentose ; bract submedian, small, ovate, tomentose. Sepals 4 in. broad, acute,
nerved. Petals 3 by 1-14 in., broad-spathulate, nerved, inner rather smaller. Carpels
{according to Roxburgh) of 2-3 1-seeded joints.

ê U. Desmos, Dunal Anon. 112; shrubby, leaves oblong acate or
wuminate, glabrous above finely pubescent beneath, peduncle 1-flowered
slender, sepals ovate acuminate, petals 1 in. broad ovate-lanceolate, carpels
constricted between the seeds. H, f. & T. Fl. Ind. 134; U. cochin-
Pe DC. Prodr. i.91. U. pedunculosa, Alph. DC. Mem. 28 ; Wall.

7.6422. U. fulva, Wall. Cat. 6427.

From Assam to Sincapore, Wallich.—Disrrm. Cochin-China. .
gg reading shrub; branches slender, white-dotted, young golden-silky. Leaves

» 9 13-3 in., thickly coriaceous, midrib above slightly hairy, base rounded ; petiole
tin, pubescent. Flowers large, pale yellow, odorous, pendulous; peduncle 2-8 in.,

Y 2-4 in. above the axil ; bracts submedian, linear-oblong, deciduous. Petals coria-
Ob pressed pubescent, nerved, outer 24 by 1 in., inner shorter and narrower.
Carpels stalked ; joints 1-6, glabrous, subglobose.

7. U. discolor KM y ee . ] blong or
» Vahl Symb. ii. 63, t. 36; shrubby, leaves oblong
QUON lanceolate acute glabrous above sometimes pubescent beneath, pe-
suce L-flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals 3 in. broad lanceo-
6420 m à broad base, carpels moniliform. DC. Prodr. i.90 ; Wall. Out
(partly) ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 669; W. £ A. Prodr. 9; H. f. & T. Fl I ;
De ome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 51; U. cordifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602,
alii, H. f. € T. p, l. Ind. 131 (the Concan plant); Dalz. & Gibs. Fl.
(3 (not of Wallich).
i forests from Sixx, Assam, and Sinuet, to Arracan and MALACCA,
ra and Concan.—Disrain. Malayan Archipelago (all the forms.) --—
vith wisading or sarmentose shrub; branches slender, leafy; young pubescen NN gl ,
rounded te tubercles. Leaves 2-8 by 1-24 in., shining above, glaucous beneath, paso
v; subcordate; petiole lin. Flowers yellow, odorous; peduncles 1-2 in, lea
ot more i nearly so; bract submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Petals u
Vae ky pubescent or glabrate. Ovules 5-6. Carpels stalked, joints 1-6, eshy.
aR 2 2, OTA; leaves 5-7 in., oblong acute base often cordate, flowers si y- ers
almost gla ‘gata ; leaves 3-4 in., oblong or lanceolate acute base rounded, Hower
m brous.—U, chinensis, DC. Prodr. i. 90. U. undulata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii.
Van. ; erhaps cultivated only in India, common in the Archipelago and China.
Van, 4 4400678; leaves as in a, but densely pubescent beneath. .
` (ahifolia ; leaves 3-5 by 2-24 in., broad-oval acute, flowers silk y

umn wawi, H late acute or
acuminate we? 42. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 132; leaves oblong-lanceola
flowered ^ thin glabrous above pale and downy beneath. peduncle E
from a } stender, sepals ovate-lanceolate petals not à in. broa =

dese m ase, carpels moniliform. .Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t.

Vight ; Concan, Law.

"e climber ? ; branches slender, young softly pubescent. Leaves 2-4) by

i Putin above when young only, base rounded or slightly cordate ; petio e
scent, Flowers solitary; peduncle 1 in. leaf-opposed or nearly so, bract

60 IV. ANONACEAX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona.

submedian, oblong, minute. Sepals pubescent outside. Petals 2-3 in., very long and
narrow, base broad orbicular, appressed-pubescent, inner a little longer. Ovules 2-3.
Carpels short-stalked, joints 1-3, ovoid.

9. U. latifolia, H. f. £ 7T.; arboreous, leaves broad-oval or orbicular
obtuse or mucronate glabrous above softly grey-tomentose beneath, pe:
duncle very short, sepals connate at the base ovate acute, petals subequal
oblong acute contracted at the base.

Hill forests of the Saluen river, MangrABAN, Brandis.

A large tree; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves 2—4 in., base truncate or subcor-
date; nerves many, oblique, parallel ; petiole 1—4 in. Flowers appressed-silky, densely
fascicled ; peduncle with usually a small submedian oblong nerved deciduous bract.
Sepals Y in., striated. Petals 13 in. Ovules 3-4. Fruit unknown.

10. U. viridiflora, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 34, t. 158; climbing, leaves
ovate-lanceolate acuminate appressed pubescent beneath, peduncle slender
with a cordate bract, sepals ovate free, petals narrow lanceolate.

Anamallay forests in Travancor, Beddome.

A gigantic climber; branchlets golden-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 13 in., membranous,
base rounded or cordate, above at length glabrous, whitish beneath; petiole +-3 in.
Peduncle axillary or supra-axillary, 1-2 in.; bract pubescent, median, deciduous.
Flowers 24-3 in. long, bright green. Sepals 3 in., membranous, nerved. Outer
petals 24-3 by 1-3 in, inner rather shorter and narrower, all membranous,
nerved, reticulate, silky.—Described from Beddome l.c.

*** Flowers solitary at the base of a leafy shoot.

1l. U. preecox, Z./. &£ T. Fl. Ind. 136; arboreous, leaves broad lanceo-
late acuminate, flowers pendulous from a slender naked peduncle, sep
linear-oblong acute, petals linear glabrous.

Miku hills in UPPER Assam, Simons.

A tree; branches slender. Leaves (very young and thin) 2-3 in., probably much
larger when mature. Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves; peduncle 1 in. Sepe

Zin. long. Petals 24-3 by kin. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2-3.—A remarkable species
of which we have seen but one specimen.

EE Flowers fascicled on woody abbreviated truncal shoots or tubercles.

12. U. stenopetala, M. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 136 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
broadest above the middle acute or acuminate glabrous above pale beneath,
sepals subconnate below narrow-linear, petals subequal very narrow linear.

Movutmein and Sincapore, Lobb. .

A tree; young branches rather pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 11-13, base oblique, Py
bescent along the midrib beneath; petiole >x in. Poduncles 1-j in., with 1-2 sma
basal scaly bracts. Sepals pubescent. Petals 2-3 by 4 in., puberulous. Ovari
4-7, villous ; ovules about 5.—The Javan habitat cited in Flora Indica is erroneous
the species having been collected at Sincapore.

13. U. cauliflora, ZT. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 137 ; leaves lanceolate or linear
oblong acute or long acuminate glabrous and shining above brown-pubescen
beneath, sepals ovate-lanceolate tomentose, petals narrow linear.

SixcaronE, Lobb. f

A tree? ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 5-6 hy 14-13, base rounded; petiole i)"
and midrib tomentose. Peduncles } in., tomentose. Sepals 4 in. Petals 24 by 4-4 m
dull red, inner rather narrower. Ovules 3 or 4.

14. U. pycnantha, H. f. & 7.; branchlets softly pubescent, leave
-elliptic-oblong or oblong.lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous 4
midrib puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals 3 in. subequal linear obtuse
‘bases. of inner concave, yee ; r Tu

Unona.] IV. ANONACEX, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 61

Maracca, Maingay. `

Branchlets rather stout, pubescence pale yellow-brown. Leaves 6-9 by 25-3} in.,
firm, coriaceous, pale brown on both surfaces, base obtuse or rounded, beneath pale with
prominent lax arching veins; petiole & in., pubescent. Flowers 4-3 in. diam., tubercles
1-14 in. diam. ; peduncles } in., and sepals brown pubescent; bracts 0. Sepals k in.,
acute. Petals j-$ in., hoary silky outside, glabrate inside, base not dilated, flat ;
mner rather narrower, base concave. Torus columnar, flat-topped, glabrous. Ovules
2, superposed.

15. U. crinita, 77. f. & T. ; branches densely tomentose, leaves oblong
elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong acuminate glabrous, midrib and
nerves pubescent beneath, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals 6 in. subequal
narrow strap-shaped, carpels globose velvety.

Matacca, Maingay.

, Pranches slender; pubescence long, soft, spreading, rufous. Leaves 4-9 by 1]-21
m., membranous, pale, base 2-lobed, nerves very indistinct, puberulous chiefly on the
Prominent nerves beneath; petiole ji in., tomentose. Flowers in dense masses, cri-
nite from the numerous pendulous petals; peduncles $-4 in. and sepals rusty tomen-
tose; tubercle 1-2 in. diam.; bract 0, or linear and infra-median. Sepals 3 in., spread-
ing, subulate from a broad ovate base. Petals } in. broad at the dilated base, flat and
‘gain dilated and as broad about the middle, finely pubescent, 1-nerved, acuminate ;
ner a little shorter and narrower. Torus columnar, truncate. Ovaries strigose ;
ovules 3-5, l-seriate; stigma punctiform. Carpels $ in. diam., rufous ; stalk very short.

nie. U. desmantha, //. f. & 7.; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves

eiptic-oblong or -lanceolate or oblanceolate acutely or obtusely acuminate

Puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals 1-1} in. subequal linear obtuse,

tarpels globose,

LACCA, Maingay. .

Sal small tree; pubescence soft, pale yellow-brown, Leaves 3-1 by 1j-2 in., base
li cute, coriaceous, opaque above, nerves obscure, beneath paler, nerves distinct
We; petiole } in. tomentose. Flowers 2} in. diam., pale red, densely crowded;

reles 1-2 in, diam. ; peduncles 3 in., puberulous, bract 0. Sepals s in., acute.

Sparsely hoary, tapering to the tip, base not dilated; inner rather narrower.

( , torus and. ovaries nearly as in U. pycnantha, but ovules 3-5, superposed.
š in. diam, dark, glabrous ; stalk 1-14 in.

Secr, IT. Dasymaschalon. Petals 3; inner series wanting.

fnear-oblong acute or acuminate glabrous glaucous beneath, petiole slender,
me tucles axillary 1-flowered, sepals small, petals 6 in. long cohering by
“margins, Wall. Cat. 6419; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 134.

, silky wh

miny . f
: te, pubescent: Sepa's rounded, mucronate. Petals 3, narrow-linear, 4 in. broad

š i eye . . .
oblong’ faper-pointed, — Ovules 2-4. Carpels stalked, moniliform ; joints 1-4, ovoid or

las; "i Dasymaschola, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 55, t, 27; shrubby,

beneath ong acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous above glaucous

tals 2 Hole very short, peduncle axillary 1-flowered. sepals small silky,

Cat eii 10, linear from a broad base.—Alph. DC. Mem. Anon. 28;
421; H. f. d T. Fl. Ind. 135.

ieee to Sixcaronz, Wallich, &c.—Dister. Sumatra, Java.
or sarmentose shrub; bark dark; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves

62 IV. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona,

5-9 by 2-4 in., usually broadest above the middle, red-brown beneath; petiole jV in.
Flowers pendulous; peduncles 1-2 in., slender, top subclavate; bracts 1 or more, mi-
nute, basal. Petals appressed-pubescent, young silky, keeled internally. Ovules 6-7.
Carpels moniliform, joints oblong.

AR. 1. Blumei; branches glabrous, leaves pale below glabrous or nearly so.—U.
Alphonsii, Wall. Cat. 6426.

AR. 2. Wallichii; branches brown-tomentose, leaves glaucous and purple-tinged
below.— Wall. Cat. 6241.

10. POLYALTHIA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs; habit of Unona. Sepals 3, valvate or subimbricate.
Petals 6, 2-seriate, ovate or elongated, flat or the inner vaulted. Torus con-
vex. Stamens cuneate; anther-cells extrorse, remote, Ovaries indefinite;
style usually oblong ; ovules 1-2, basal and erect, or subbasal and ascending.
Ripe carpels \-seeded, berried.—DrsTRIB. Tropical Asia and (1 sp.) Australia ;
species about 30.—Reduced to Unona by Baillon (Hist. des Plantes, 212)
probably with good reason,

Sect. I. Monoon, Miguel. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovule
solitary, basal, erect.

a Flowers axillary or in the old leaf-axils or on woody tubercles.
* Petals linear,

l P. longifolia, Benth. £ H. f. Gen. Pl. i. 25; branches glabrous,
leaves narrow lanceolate glabrous taper-pointed undulate, flowers su
umbelled, petals 2-1 in. long. Guatteria longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6442;

A. Prodr. 10; Wight Ic.t.1; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 139; Thwaites Enum. 10.
Uvaria longifolia, Lam. ; Roab. FL Ind. ii. 664.

p AMORE, Wight; drier parts of Ckvrow.—Cultivated throughout the hotter parts
of India.

A lofty tree; branches slender. Leaves 5-8 by 1-2 in., membranous, base acute
rarely rounded, shining above, pellucid-dotted; petiole 4—} in. Flowers numerous
dense, yellow-green ; peduncles 4 in. or less, hoary ; pedicels 1-2 in., densely racemose,
slender; bracts minute, linear, basal. Petals narrow-linear. Carpels ł in., ovo!
obtuse at both ends ; stalk 4 in., stout, glabrous.

2. P. bifaria, Benth. £ H.f.l.c.; young branches softly pubescent
leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous above downy beneath, flowers solitary.
Guatteria bifaria, A. DC. Mem. 41; Wall. Cat. 6447 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 139.

Peau, Wallich.

A tree. Leaves 5 by 14 in., base acute, pellucid-dotted ; petiole T in. Petals linear-
lanceolate. Carpels ovoid, long-stalked.—Wallich’s solitary specimen is in Herb. Linn.
Soc. and is flowerless. A. De Candolle describes it as differing from P. cerasoides only

in the linear petals. We suspect it to be a mixture of the flower of P. simiarum wit
the foliage of P. cerasoides.

3. P. coffeoides, Benth. & H. f. l.c, ; branches glabrous, leaves lance

late or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed undulate glabrous, flowers solitary;

etals 1-1}in. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 53. Quatteria coffeoide$
hwaites Enum. 10; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 141.

Forests of the Wynaap, Beddome ; and Certon, Thwaites.
A tree; branches spreading. Leaves 4-7 by 1-24 in., membranous, pellucid-dott i
qiie] in. Flowers greenish-yellow, rarely on woody tubercles of the trunk;
uncles 4-14 in., downy, articulate at the base. Sepals suborbicular. Petals b ly

Polyalthia.) — 1v. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 63

linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Carpels nearly 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, dark purple; stalk
their own length.

4 P. fragrans, Benth. d: H. f. Lc. ; young branches hoary, leaves
ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or puberulous beneath, pedun-
cles few- or many-flowered, petals 1$ by tin. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. a
Guatteria fragrans, Dalz, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 206; H. f. & T. Fl.
Ind, 142,

Forests of Maranan, Wight; Sourn Concan, Law, &c. . 1 i
A tree. Leaves 4-9 by 2-5 in., membranous, lateral nerves many oblique close-se
and parallel; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers fragrant ; peduncles in the axils of fallen leaves
r on woody ramal tubercles, cymose, usually many-flowered, tomentose ; pedicels 1 in.,
slender; bract orbicular, infra-median. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals linear, hoary.
dm 1j in., broad-ovoid, hoary, walls thin brittle; stalk as long — There are in

Hb. Wight. detached petals apparently of this species upwards of 2 in. long.

5. P. simiarum, Benth. 4 H, f. Lc. ; branches glabrous, leaves iiw
oblong or oblong-lanceolate quite glabrous, flowers fascicled, inner eta ls
lim. Guatteria simiarum, Mam. ; Wall, Cat, 6440; H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind.
12. G. fasciculata, Wall, mss. Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 16.

Forests of Assam, Sinner, Peau and Marranan, Hamilton, Wallich, &c. l

tree; buds puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-5 in., membranous ; lateral nerves c ose,
parallel ; petiole i-i in. Flowers inthe old axils or on woody tubercles; pedunc es
lin., slender, hoary, naked above ; bracts 1-2, scaly, basal. Sepals very short, orbi-
cuar, Petals linear, puberulous, glabrous within, outer § shorter than the inner.
Carpels 14 in., ovoid, fleshy, glabrous, orange; stalk as long.

6. P. hypoleuca, 77. f. & 7. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate obtusel neumivate shining above white beneath, flowers solitary
oicascieled, sepals obsolete, petals subequal jin. narrowly linear-oblong

use, |

päron, Main
. ranches pale
ngid, pale id n

gay.—Distris. Borneo? . .

, youngest puberulous. Leaves 24-6 by 1-13 in., base acute, thick,
erveless above, midrib beneath puberulous, nerves many o scure, b-
een petiole 4-4 in. Flowers small, axillary, suberect ; peduncle ry in, stout ;
both. 2, basal, cucullate. Sepals forming an inconspicuous disk. Peta’s hoary on
T Surfaces, base concave, not dilated. Torus conical. Ovaries about 6, pubescent.
acres š in., elliptic-oblong, top rounded, glabrous, shining, walls thin ; sta i s nor t,
ka Seed grooved and pitted.—Other (imperfect?) carpels are mammi ate wit
i. Picker stalks and contain a stony pitted nucleus, connected with de mi :
and twice as longs 7 near U. hypoglauca, Miq., of Sumatra, but carpe p

** . .
! Petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate or elliptic.
l: P. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 399 ; young branches brown-tomen-
io! leaves elliptic- or obovate-oblong abruptly taper-pointe oe cles
NS midrib and veins pubescent beneath, flowers 1-3 on woody tubercles,
Wee 2 by Lin, thick. “Beddome Ic. Pl, Ind, Or. t. 57.
T l'atnapoora in Cyro T'hwaites. .
terves 2 bark silver-grey, "Leaves 6-12 by 24-3 in., shining above, pale beneath;
Sad strong, parallel; petiole J-l in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam, greenish-y b sod
say l in., stout; bract submedian, densely tomentose. Petals 2 by sa ften as
large as thickly coriaceous, pubescent, stron ly nerved when dry. Carpels often
à cherry; broad-ovoid, tomentose ; stalk as long.
5 P. cer hes tomentose
lance acides, Benth. & H. f. Le; young branche ,
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate ‘eis glabrous above softly pu-

64 IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms:) [ Polyalthia,

Descent beneath, peduncles on axillary tubercles 1—3-flowered, petals š in,
Uvaria cerasoides, Roxb. Corom, Pl. i. t. 33; Fl. Ind. ii 666. Guatteria
cerasoides, Dun. Mem. Anon. 197 ; DC. Prodr. i. 93; Wall. Cat, 6436; H. f.

& T. Fl. Ind. 139; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 3.

Dry forests on Eastern exposures, from Benar to Travancor, Hamilton, Wight, &e.

A tree; bark light-grey ; branches glabrous with age. Leaves 3-8 by 1-2 m,
membranous, base acute or rounded, dark green above. Peduncles jg in., woody;
pedicels 4-1 in., slender, with a few basal imbricating scales, and sometimes 2-3 oblong
or ovate bracts 1-1 in. long. Petals ovate-oblong, dirty green, thickly coriaceous.
Carpels size of a small cherry, dark-red; stalk 1 in.

9. P. Korinti, Benth. £ H. f. lc. ; young branches glabrous or sub-
pilose, leaves variable ovate to elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate coriaceous
glabrous, flowers axillary solitary, inner petals 3 in. oval. Guatteria Korinti,
Dunal; DC. Prodr. i. 94; W. € A. Prodr. 10 ; Wight Ic. t. 398; H. f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 141. G. acutiflora, Wall. Cat. 6438 excl. D.

Western PENINSULA, from Vizagapatam, Cleghorn, southwards; warmer parts of
CEYLON, very common. ;

A spreading shrub; bark grey. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., firmly coriaceous, pellucid-
dotted, shining above, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the midrib beneath, strongly reti-
culate; petiole à in. Peduncles 1-2 in., strigose, bract submedian. Petals thickly
coriaceous, inner rather the longest. Carpels 1 in., subglobose.

10. P. Jenkinsii, Benth. £ H. f. Le. ; young shoots brown-tomentose,
leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, flowers axillary solitary rarely geminate,
outer petals 13 by š in. Guatteria Jenkinsii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 141.

Forests of Assam; Sinner; Eastern PENINSULA; ANDAMANs, Aurz.—DistRib.
Sumatra. a

A tree; branches spreading, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by 14-2} in. firm, shining
above, pale beneath, base rounded acute or oblique; petiole } in. Flowers large,
spreading; pedicels 4-1 in., erect, bracts 2-3, scaly, basal, and a mesian and an
apical one which are oval and deciduous. Petals broad-lanceolate, narrowed to a claw,
thinly coriaceous, inner shorter and narrower. Carpels $ in., oblong, glabrous; §
as long.—Nearly allied to Monoon canangioides, Miq.

11. P. nitida, Benth. & H. f. Le. ; young branches puberulous, leaves
oblong or lanceolate glabrous obtuse or acute, bracts }-amplexicaul, sepa
connate to the middle, petals 1 in. long, Guatteria nitida, A. DC. Mem. 4! ;
Wall. Cat. 6439; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 143.

Tavoy, Wallich; SiNcAronE, Lobb. ‘

A tree; bark grey, rugged, dotted with white lenticels. Leaves 8-12 by 3-5 !n
thinly coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, nerves strong oblique; petiole pim
Flowers axillary; pedicel 1 in., bracts 1-2, oval, submedian. Sepals 4 in., orbicu/an
pubescent. Petals oval, thickly coriaceous, tomentose, inner a little shorter. Carpe
arge, subglobose, stalked —Flower described from the Sincapore specimen, the fruit
from Tavoyan.

12. P. magnolieflora, Maingay mss.; branchlets rusty-tomentose
leaves large narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or acuminate glabrous exce
the midrib above membranous, base cordate, bracts }-amplexicaul, se
connate to the middle, outer petals elliptic.

Maracca, Maingay.

A tree; branches stout. Leaves 10-13 by 3-5 in., opaque above, beneath iem:
nerves strong many arched; petiole & in., stout. Flowers large, greenish-w ite;
peduncle short stout curved; bracts broad-ovate acute, Sepals siky tomento#
Outer petals fleshy, concave, hairy, tips imbricate ; inner 2-24 in., oblong, constrict

65
Polyalthia. | 1V. ANONACEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

tes hi ipe) 14 in., ovoid or
i i hirsute. Carpels (unripe)
in the middle. Torus glabrous. Ovaries est apos, tefened to a
i t, beaked ; stalk stout.—A magnific ° ref
dit ia Miner e tex Colour, odour, &c. of flower like a Magnolia

cal
Flowers extra-axillary on the terminal branchlets, or on small trun
tubercles,

i es

13. P. biglandulosa, Benth. d: H. f. Le. ; young aos pabeseent

elliptic or oblong acute or acuminate glabrous above app le solitary leaf-
neath, basal margins recurved and glandular, peduncle

; Af & T.
opposed.—Guatteria biglandulosa, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. t.51; H.f.
Fl. Ind. 143,

A nacti» Grifith, &c —Dsrmn. aie en Jining above, ped beneath, base
A , 4-6 by 1 in., shi bove, - petiole 1 in.
iot a Ton ead de Sirang carved, rather distant, Patas; i alk
unknown, Carpels 1 in., oblong, mucronate, dark purp stion and to Miquel's
4 little longer.—Griffith’s specimens correspond to Blume’s descrip
var. a. Carpels 1-seeded according to Miquel.

leaves

l4 P. suberosa, Benth. d: H. f. Lc. ; young branches pubescent, eave

oblong obtuse glabrous above puberulous beneath, pedun me Jc. PL Ind. Or.

Woody extra-axillary tubercle, petals š in. long.— Mud M SOT. Guatteria
t 56. Uvaria suberosa, Roab. Cor. PL i t. 34; FL Ind. n.

ri . 10; H. f.
suberosa, DC, Prodr. i. 93; Wall. Cat. 6437 ; W. & A. Prodr.
€ T. Fl, Ind. 140.

"EYLON.— DISTRIB.
Forests of Brxaar, the Western PENINSULA, TExassERIM, and CEY
Java? Philippines (this or a closely allied species). . ng branches slender, often
small tree or shrub; bark corky, rugged, grey; young both ends, or base sub-
ke d white. Leaves 24-5 by 1-1} in., usually obire ee in., solitary, rarely
lique, thin, glabrous beneath in age; petiole py in. Pe iL i ubescent. Petals $ m.
minate, pubescent, bracts inframedian. Sepais ne a ibrm young silky, ripe gla-
oval, silky outside, red-brown, outer shorter. Carpels pis ,
> Stalk their own length.

vate or
. 5. P. sclerophylla, 77. f. & T. ; glabrous, in POE n both ^ ur.
linear-oblong obtusely acuminate rigid reticulate an sepals ovate, petals
faces, peduncles fascicled on small truncal tubercles,
linear-oblong obtuse inner rather smaller.

rr. nspicuous and
A tree, Lease by 14-21 in, base rounded or acute, nerves consp
midrib quite

. in. diam., greenish ;
glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole 4 in. Flowers y pubescent : bracts
tubercles 4-1 in. diam., globose ; peduncles 1-14 in., stout, bale slightly concave,
median, orbicular. Sepals short, obtuse. Petals 14 d Ovaries pilose, shorter
Puberulous on both surfaces. Torus broad, flat, border raise btuse at both ends walls
;n the cylindric style. Carpels 1-14 in., elliptic-oblong, o s shining pale.
din, Smooth ; stalk as long, slender. Seed oblong, testa fibrou

; t. Ovules
Sicr, IL Eupolyalthia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals fla
2, Süperposed, subbasal, ascending.

* Flowers extra-axillary, often leaf-opposed. crown:
16. p. cinnamomea, 7. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 138; young igo a
tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate glabrous a nore lors: Paeute,
ou beneath, peduncles solitary or geminate, peta . D "err
Meatteria cinnamomea and G. multinervis, Wall. Cat. a
L

66 IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Polyalthia.

PENANG and Sincarore, Wallich.

A tree; bark grey, rugged. Leaves 6-10 by 2-34 in., tapering downwards from the
middle or above it, base obtuse or subcordate; petiole Ain. Peduncles 1-5 in., extra-
axillary, brown-tomentose ; bracts scaly, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Petals
thick, silky outside. Carpels 1 in. diam. globose, short-stalked, densely brown-
tomentose.

17. P. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 9 ; young branches pubescent, leaves
subsessile lanceolate long acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath,
peduncles solitary slender glabrous, petals small inner suborbicular. Bed-
dome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 83.

At Caltura and Regiam Corle in Cerro, Thwaites.

A shrub, 8-10 ft.; branches slender. Leaves 2-6 by 3-2 in., tapering to the ob-
liquely rounded base, thin, midrib pubescent beneath ; petiole not yy in. Flowers red,
4 in. diam.,; pedicels 1-14 in., often leaf-opposed, nearly glabrous ; bracts 3, minute,
glabrous. Sepals small, ovate, acuminate. Outer petals acute; inner larger, sub-
orbicular, obtuse. Carpels pisiform or oblong, reddish, short-stalked, 1—2-seeded.

18. P. rufescens, H. f. £ 7.; young branches densely tomentose,
leaves subsessile narrow-oblong acute or acuminate, base obliquely cordate
glabrous except on the midrib beneath, peduncles solitary stout tomentose,
petals } in. ovate-oblong.

Cochin in Marasam, Wight.

A tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1-13 in., shining above, pale below; petiole glabrous.
Flowers 4-8 in. diam., brown-tomentose ; peduncles 4-1 in., often leaf-opposed, joint
and minutely bracteate at the base. Sepals small, broadly ovate, acute. Petals oblong,
subacute, thick, outer twice ? as big as the inner. Ovaries densely silky.

19. P. persiceefolia, Benth. & H. f. Le. ; young branches pubescent,
leaves subsessile lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous above puberulous beneath,
peduncles solitary or fascicled pubescent, petals 1— in. long. Beddome Ie.
Pl. Ind. Or. t. 55. Guatteria persiceefolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 140.

Czvros, near Galle, Champion.

A shrub. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1} in., firm, coriaceous, base slightly oblique, pale be-
neath ; nerves inconspicuous ; petiole hardly 44 in. Peduncle very short, woody, extra
axillary, 2-3 flowered ; pedicels 1—4 in. Sepals ovate, acute, substrigose. Petals sub-
orbicular, thickly coriaceous, appressed-pubescent, inner much the largest. Carpels
about 10, pisiform, granulate, puberulous ; stalk very short ; torus small.

20. P. macrophylla, H. f. £ T. ; young branches tomentose, leaves
lanceolate taper-pointed rigid glabrous and shining above softly pubescent
beneath, flowers solitary subsessile. Guatteria- macrophylla, Blume By
19 ; Fl. Jav. Anon 96. G. brevipetala, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 381.

Moutmetn, Falconer ; Axpamans, Kurz.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

A tree. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thickly coriaceous, almost silvery beneath with sub-
stellate pubescence ; nerves distant, prominent, arched, looping within the margin ;
petiole 4-4 in., tomentose. — Peduncles py in., generally 4 in. above the leaf axil; bracts
strigose. Sepals ovate, acute, strigose. Petals & in., oblong, acute, strigose, labrous
inside; inner rather larger, very concave. Torus conical. Fruit unknown.— The tw?
flowers we have examined are male. Miquel describes his as bisexual; Blume does
not say which ; so this character is possibly not constant.

** Flowers axillary or in the axils of old leaves.

21. P. cauliflora, H. f. T. Fl. Ind. 138; branches glabrous, leaves
lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, nerves and midrib bene&
downy, flowers 2-3 fascicled in the old axils, peduncles slender downy, pe
lin, linear. Uvaria cauliflora, Wall. Cat. 6476.

Polyalthia.) IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 67

Stxcapore, Wallich. .
much branched tree ; buds tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by it in, narrowed, i, the
subobtuse base, nerves reticulate; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncles 1e? n fi mal
downy; bracts basal. Sepals ovate, subacute, appressed-pubescent. Pe

^ »
ength ; coarsely villons, outer rather broader. Torus cylindric, truncate. Ovarie
strigose. Fruit unknown.

22. P. obliqua, X. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; young parts puberulous, leaves
subsessile line ations obtucely acuminate hase obliquely cordate shining
and glabrous on both surfaces, peduncles solitary, petals + in. oblong
obtuse,

Matacca, Griffith. . . .

À tree ; braces twiggy, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-13 in. tapering x
the base, firm, coriaceous, paler beneath ; petiole $ in. Flowers im. iam, a thickly
peduncles 3-1 in.; bract submedian. Sepals small, orbicular. Be 3 subequal,
coriaceous, silky outside. Carpels pisiform, dark brown; stalk 4 in.

Secr. III. Trivalvaria, Miquel. Inner petals very concave or vaulted.

23. P. costata, H. f. d T. ; young branches tomentose, eaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or acute rigidly olv ped g aled. Uvaria
very and downy beneath, flowers solitary shortly 7 Tnd 143
costata, Wall. Cat, 6480. Guatteria costata, H. f. & T. Fl Ind. 143.
Marranay, Wallich.

y 13-23 i bove; nerves oblique,

tree, Leaves 5-6 by 1}-2} in., base acute, deep green above; nem e

nearly straight, nervules n pichona Peduncles } in., extra-axillary. Sepals ov
Tsistent i

Tu ° — imperfect]
in fi it, subconnate at the base. Fruit unknown.—A very impertectly
nown species,

24. P. argentea, M.f. & T. ; branches glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceo-
late acute or acuminate glabrous or both surfaces silvery we bP nd 3
-3 on short woody tubercles, Guatteria pallida, H. f. & T. Fi. e
(not of Blume),

Forests of Assam net, H, f. & T. “hin.

A shrub ; branches spresdi Noung hardly puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 1]-23 in
le rounded or acute,

: aller ;
9 "axillary, minute, polygamo-dicecious; d as in P. macrophylla, but sm

T o-
latetan aberrans, Maingay ; branches glabrous, leaves carers atten
ate taper -Pointed membranous glaucous beneath nerves aint, ow o ended.
minal, petals orbicular-ovate outer largest, carpels small oblong

A ACOA, Mainga .

imbir -1j in. her
in Climbing shrub; branches black, slender. Leaves 4-5 by 14 Hn. ead
shining above, nerves spreading reticulate on both surfaces; petiole Sian’ or Safra.
~ere lin. diam., erect. peduncle 14 in., slender; bracts mindte, m rr Alard
pedian, Sepals à in., broad-ovate obtuse, glabrous. Outer petals i “Ouaries pilosa ;
Y Surfaces: inner ovate, acute, very concave, tips imbricate in e tic-oblong! cylin,
T above the base; ovules 1-2, superposed. Ca 4-À in., elh 2^ Referred ‘also
d Qa ot, "rple, top rounded, walls thin. s 2, superpose "Pf the flower is
uu dl E lipeia by Maingay, from whose mss. the description

——À

F2

68 IV. ANONACEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Polyalthia,

GUATTERIA MEMBRANACEA, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 41; H.f.d T. Fl. Ind. 142, of
which there are no specimens in the Wallichian Herbarium, is no doubt a Polyalthia,
differing from P. nitida, apparently only in the slightly pubescent leaves.

11. ANAXAGOREA, St. Hilaire.

Trees or shrubs. Flowers small, greenish, leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate,
connate at the base. Petals 6, subequal, 2-seriate, valvate, thin, flat. Torus
convex. Stamens indefinite ; anther-cells extrorse or sublateral ; connective
with a terminal process. Ovaries few or many ; style variable ; ovules 2,
subbasal, collateral, ascending. Ripe carpels follicular; stalk clavate.
Seeds 1-2, exarillate, testa shining.—Distrip, Tropical Asia and America;
species about 6.

1. A. luzonensis, A. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. 27; glabrous,
leaves membranous oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers solitary leaf-
opposed, bracts 1-2 amplexicaul A. zeylanica, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 144;
Thwaites Enum. 10; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 46.

Tropical forests of Peau, Rangoon, the Anpamans, MaLacca, and CEYLON.—
Disrris. Philippines. .

A shrub. Leaves 3-6 by 11-2 in., base acute, light green, paler beneath; nerves
distant, oblique; petiole ł in. Flowers 1 in. diam.; peduncle } in. Sepals ovate,
obtuse. Petals ovate or oblong. Stamens all similar and fertile. Ovaries 2-4, ovoid-
oblong. Carpels 14 in. spathulate, obtuse, obliquely mucronate, glabrous, rather
rugose.—A llied closely to A. javanica, Blume, which has 8-10 carpels and elongate
inner stamens.

12. POPOWIA, Endl.

Trees, Flowers small, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, ovate,
valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer like the sepals, spreading ; inner
thick, concave, connivent, acute or tip usually inflexed. Stamens indefinite
or subdefinite, short, cuneate ; anther-cells dorsal, remote. Carpels about
6, ovoid ; style large, oblong or subclavate, straight or recurved ; ovules 1-2
on the ventral suture, rarely 1 basal erect. Ripe carpels berried, globose or
ovoid, stalked—Distri. About 8 species, Asiatic, African, and Aus

lan.

1. P. Beddomeana, I. f. T.; leaves membranous lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate long acuminate lower ovate acute smooth above granulate
and tomentose on the veins beneath, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals
larger than the inner. P. ramosissima, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 75 (zd,
synon.).

Mountains of Travaxcor, Beddome.

A much branched tree; young parts densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by
14-2) in. lower 2 by 1 in. base acute, smoot above; petiole very short. Flower-
buds } in. diam., globose, villous ; peduncles 4—4 in., tomentose; bract median. Sepa
acute, connate below. Petals thick, glabrous inside, densely tomentose outside; outer
very broad ovate; inner convex, tip not inflexed; claw broad, short. Stamens inde-
finite. Ovaries 4-5; ovules 1-2.

2. P. ramosissima, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 105 ; leaves ovate or oblong
acute glabrous above tomentose on the midrib and veins beneath, flowers
leaf-opposed, outer petals smaller than the inner. Guatteria ramosissima
Wall. Cat. 7294, 8006.

Popowia, | IV. ANONACEXE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 69

Peyanc, Wallich.

A spreading much branched tree; bark glabrous; young parts brown-tomentose.

aves 2-4 by 1-2 in, thin, coriaceous, base rounded ; petiole fy in., tomentose,

wers solitary or geminate, minute, globose ; peduncles 4,—] in. ; bract small, sub-
median. Sepals ovate, pilose. Outer petals smaller than the sepals, ovate; inner ovate,
acute. Stamens about 18. Carpels many, densely strigose; ovules 1-2.

3. P. Helferi, 77. f. ¢ T. ; leaves narrow-oblong abruptly acutely or ob-
tusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous on the midrib beneath, flowers
extra-axillary ? outer petals smaller than the inner.

King’s Island, Tenassertm, Helfer. .

small spreading tree ; branchlets coarsely hairy. Leaves 24-5 by 1-1} in., base
rounded or suboblique ; petiole ji in., subpilose. Flowers minute, globose ; pedun-
cles Ty} in., tomentose. Sepals and (rather larger) outer petals ovate, strigose; inner
petals orbicular, concave, densely strigose, tip inflexed. Stamens 15. Carpels 6,
densely strigose ; ovule solitary, subbasal.— We have examined but one bud.

4 P. pauciflora, Maingay mss.; branchlets strigose, leaves elliptic:
lanceolate finely acuminate membranous minutely granulate midrib an
veins beneath sparsely appressed pilose, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals
much smaller than the inner, carpels pisiform.

Maracca, Maingay. "ail

ranches slender, dark-grey. Leaves 5-7 by 14-2 in., base acute, surfaces similar
Spaque ; nerves very oblique ; petiole 3, in. Flowers 4 in. diam., solitary or in Pte
outside the leaf-axil, rusty-strigose; peduncles à-] in.; bract basal. Sepals bo rali °
ovate. Outer petals like the sepals, glabrous inside; inner thrice as large, suborbicu ar,
concave, tip inflexed. Stamens many. Ovaries 6, gibbous, strigose ; style subclavate;
Ovule erect, Carpels pisiform, subsessile, glabrous, purple. Testa rugose.

5. P. foetida Mai b hlets tomentose, leaves elliptic-
. ngay mss.; branchlets tomen ,
lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers
Ty outer petals a little smaller than the inner, carpels very large.
Maracca, Main
, gay. .
arge tree; branches pale, leaves beneath petioles inflorescence and carpels tovered
M y ellow-grey tomentum. Leaves 5-7 by 2-24 in’, base acute, thin firm la n in
ti "° puberulous ; nerves many, strong beneath, reaching the margin ; petio e EE ise
ickened. P lowers 1 in. diam., buds globose; peduncles ] in. Sepals minute, obtuse.
uter petals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, yellow ; inner smaller, base excavated, mar sin i.
at duetrous, apiculate. Stamens about 30, connective produced beck wards. var
obl 6, strigose, 2-ovuled ; style rather slender. Carpels 2-3 by Hu v. amooth ,
ong, cylindric, top rounded, 1 seeded, Seed 14-2 in., oblong ; testa bony,
6. P nervifoli ; d lv tomentose, leaves
. a, Maingay mss. ; branchlets densely y eM
oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate substrigose on the short miden
ike ‘he beneath, flowers extra-axillary 2-3-nate silky villous, outer p
the sepals half as large as the inner, carpels } in.
ALACCA, Maingay. . -
ranches black ; branchlets rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in, frn uite
ve ‘hn subacute, opaque, under-surface pale; nerves prominent, ra cles 1-1 in.
Meth loe; Petiole 4-4 in., rusty-pubescent. Flowers Š in. diam, pe uncles 4-3 mo
, Clothed with large ovate obtuse clasping hirsute bracts. Sep p 3-quetrous
glab roadly elliptic-ovate, very thick, outer 1 in., inner coriaceous, E many.
lin a: Within. Ovaries many, slender, hirsute; ovule 1, eka 1 cblon testa,
le. Suiptic-oblong, smooth, apiculate, walis thin ; stalk short stout. Man ay)
“ining.—Allied to Xylopia in the conniving triquetrous inner petals (Maingay).

70 IV. ANONACEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Popowia,

7. P. tomentosa, Maingay mss. ; branchlets and leaves beneath softly
hirsute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate puberulous
above, base cordate, tlowers small extra-axillary softly villous, outer petals
larger than the inner.

Maracca, Maingay. .

A tree; branches black, rugose. Leaves 3-5 by 13-2] in., rather thin, opaque, dirty
green above, pale and greenish beneath under the soft brown hairs; petiole j in.
Flowers } in. diam., subsessile. pals broad-ovate, connate, hardly larger than the
sepals. Outer petals suborbicular, very thick, glabrous within; inner smaller, very
concave, obovate, connivent. Torus flat. Stamens about 25. Ovaries 7-9, gla-
brous; style equalling the ovary; ovules 2 superposed. Ripe? carpels 4-3 in. diam.,
globose, hairy, at length glabrous, smooth, blood red, 2-seeded ; stalk } in., stout.

13. OX YMITRA, Blume.

Climbing shrubs. eaves parallel-nerved, nervules transverse, not form-
ing intra-marginal loops. Flowers leaf-opposed or extra-axillary. Sepals 3,
valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows, outer large, long, flat
or triquetrous and narrow, leathery, more or less spreading or connivent ;
inner much smaller, ovate-lanceolate or oblong (long and narrow in Ó. steno-
petala, and glauca), conniving over the stamens and ovaries. Stamens many
linear-oblong or cuneate, truncate; anther-cells dorsal, remote (small an
ovoid in O. glauca). Ovaries oblong, strigose ; style oblong or clavate, Te
curved ; ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Ripe carpels 1-seeded, stalked.—
DisrRIB. About 18 species, Asiatic and African.

1. O. latifolia, ZT. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 145; leaves ovate or obovate obtuse,
base cordate glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, peduncles 1-brac
teate in the middle, carpels long-stalked pubescent.

Penana, Phillips; MaraAcca, Maingay.

A large woody climber, branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-12 by 4-7 in., coriaceous,
shining above, tomentose on the nerves and midrib beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers
supra-axillary ; pedicel 4-4 in., rusty tomentose; bracts ovate or oblong. Sepals orbi-
cular, connate into a 3-lobed cup, Outer petals 1-14 in., tomentose, ovate-lanceolate,
tips triquetrous; inner 4 in., broad-ovate, shortly clawed. Carpels red-purple, golden-
pubescent. Ripe carpels red-purple.

2. O. Maclellandii, H. f. & T. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute, base
rounded or subcordate, above glabrous except the midrib, beneath glaucous
and appressed pubescent, peduncle ebracteate,

Raxaoon, Maclelland, &c.

A large (climbing ?) shrub, young branches appressed-tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves
8-10 by 24-3 in., covered above with microscopic scales, reddish beneath ; petiole jm.
Flowers supra-axillary, solitary; pedicel } in., appressedly brown-pubescent. Sepals
4 in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals 14 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; inner 4-31»
oblong, counivent, flat, with a slight oval basal concavity. Ovaries oblong, densely
strigose ; style oblong.

2. O. affinis, H. f. & T.; branchlets densely rusty-tomentose, leaves
oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute, base cordate, above opaque
and puberulous, beneath glaucous and rusty-pubescent, peduncle bracteate
in the middle, sepals foliaceous, carpels elliptic pubescent shortly-stalked.

Matacca, Maingay. .

Branches black. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3} in., thin ; nerves rusty pubescent above, beneath
distinct spreading; petiole Jin. lowers supra-axillary, nodding, solitary, 1 in. long;

Ozymitra.] IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 71

. : i icular-
peduncle } in., short, curved; bracts large, orbicular, veined. Sepals V In» orbioular
ovate, acute, veined, tomentose, twice as broad and half as ong as prato- t tide
triquetrous acute outer petals, which are excavated at the ase, » connate inte
glabrous within. Inner petals glabrous, rather shorter than the ou er, stalk short.—
an acute cone, claw short. Ovaries l-ovuled. Carpels 4 in., acute ;

Near O. Maclellandii.

4. O. stenopetala, H. J. € T. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends,
glabrous above glaucous beneath, petals all long and narrow.

MARTABAN, Falconer. | ;
Á woody climber; young branches and flowers appressed-pubescont; anaes
3-12 by 2-3 in. Flowers supra-axillary. Sepals 1} in., ovate, acu te. Petals tapering
from an ovate base to a long fine point, outer 2 by à in., inner } shorter,
Habit of the genus, but differs in the long inner petals.

a I onsefolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; aei oblong abruptly
randate-acuminate glabrous and shining above very, g rays b i d
p y oblong stalked glabrous. Guatteria unonæfolia, 4. DC. Mem.
- Cat, 6435.

Tenasserm, at Tavoy, Wallich. Leaves
woody glabrous climber ; buds with appressed | golden Decora axillary
-1 by 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute ; petiole 1-3 in. Pe uncle Carpels 5-6,
flowers imperfect. Sepals persistent, broad-ovate, brown-pul lart; in foliage, &c.,
apiculate, dark-brown; stalk i in.—Referred here from its similarity ;
vymitra.

t
6. 9. glauca, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong obtuse or E M
both ends glabrous very glaucous beneath, outer petals very
narrow, carpels stalked small obtuse at both ends.
Pexaxa, Phillips « Matacca, Maingay. . . -5b
A slender glabrous (climbing ?) shrub buds slightly pubescent, Teos dune
-?$ in., base usually rounded. “Sepals minute, acute, deciduous. trous; inner very
, almost leaf-opposed. Outer petals 1 in., narrow-linear, man ° ezoid. Ovaries
small, triqnetrous. Anther-cells ovoid, top of connective large, Taper subglobose,
hirsute ; ovule 1 erect; style curved, clavate. Carpels many, 4 in, ”
ark. rown, smooth ; stalk as long.

7.0, fornicata, 77. Z. € T. Fl. Ind. 146; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous above glaucous and hoary fornicata,
heath, carpels narrow-oblong mucronate short-stalked. y Tot B)
" Pt. Ind. ii. 662. U. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 6423 A ( :
Orests of Assam, SILHE ; Mereut, and PENANG ? m-tomentose.
climbing shrub, young branches leaves pedicels and carpels brown supra axil.
Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., base rounded : petiole 4 in. lowers p ale yi 1-2 in., ovate-
lary ; peduncles i-i in. ; bract median, oblong, deciduous. Sep " "ls 2 in. 'oblong-
lanceolate, membranous, veined appressed-pubescent. | Outer peta te connivent.
Anceolate. thin, tomentose, about O-nerved ; inner j in., ovate, acute,
-4 in., stalk very short, stout.

th hir-
sue, O. filipes, 77. J. & T.; branchlets slender and leaven ba "very long
nte, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, pedun
orm, flowers very slender.

Lacca, Maj . : irs. Leaves
i» climbing hri branches brown, clothed with soft spmadipg. ou veins,
AE -2in, t in, base cordate, opaque above with slender p

in., supra-
7 glaucous beneath; petiole } in. wers 2-24 in. long; peduncles 3-4 in., sup

In.

72 IV. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Oxymitra.

axillary, puberulous; bracts minute, median. Sepals 4 in., ovate, acute, rusty-pubes-
cent. Outer petals with a short broad concave base, and almost filiform pubescent
blade ; inner 1 in., oblong, snbulate-acuminate. Ovaries silky; style short, stigma
clavate; ovule 1. Carpels 4 in., elliptic, beaked, red, walls thin, pubescent;
stalk 4 in.

14. PHIEANTHUS,H.f.&T.

Trees or climbers. Flowers solitary terminal or in extra-axillary fascicles.
Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer small like the
sepals ; inner large, flat, coriaceous. Stamens numerous, narrow-oblong,
truncate or capitate, anther-cells dorsal, distant. Carpels numerous ; style
clavate, grooved ventrally. Ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Ripe carpels
stalked, 1-seeded.—Distris. Species 3, Malayan.

1. P. nutans, H. f. & T'. Fl. Ind. 147; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute
or acuminate glabrous above except the midrib softly pubescent beneath,
carpels oblong puberulous stalked. Uvaria nutans, l. Cat. 6481. U. tri-
petala, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 667. U. ophthalmica, Roxb. ex Don. Gen. Syst. i. 93.

Maracca and SixcxronE, Wallich, &c.—D1srris. Moluccas. .

A climber; young branches brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2} in. base
acute; petiole 1 in., pubescent. Flowers terminal or lateral, solitary or 2-3 together,
fetid, yellowish, purple at the base inside ; peduncles 1-2 in., tomentose; bracts severas

small, linear. Jnner petals 3-1 in., ovate-oblong, pubescent, 5-7-ribbed. Carpels } in,
beaked ; stalks equal their length.

? 2. P. malabaricus, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 76 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous except the midrib below, flowers axi
or extra-axillary solitary.

Wynaad jungles, MALABAE, Beddome. í

Young part ferruginous. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2in., base rounded or cordate ; petioles
very short, pubescent. Flowers 4-1 in. diam., red; peduncles iz in.; bracts 2, minute,
basal. Sepals orbicular-ovate, acute. Outer petals twice as large as the sepals, nar
rower ; inner twice as large as the outer, cymbiform, fleshy, inflexed tips contiguous.
Style short, clavate ; ovules 1-2 on the ventral suture.—Foliage of Goniothalamus.

15. GONIOTHALAMUS, Blume.

Small trees or shrubs. Leaves with small nerves, forming intramarginal
loops. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary or extra-axillary ; peduncles
with basal scaly distichous bracts. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate m
2 series; outer thick, flat; inner smaller, shortly clawed, cohering 1n à
vaulted cap over the stamens and ovary. Stamens many, linear-oblong ;
anther-cells remote, dorsal, connective produced into an oblong or truncate
process. Ovaries many; style simple or 2-fid ; ovules solitary or 2 super
posed, subbasal. Ripe carpels 1-seeded.—DisTRIB. About 14 species, natives
of Eastern tropical Asia and its islands,

A very difficult genus (reduced to Oxymitra, in Baillon’s Hist. des Plantes, 237),
many species of which require further study. The dimensions of the flower increase
rapidly, and those given in the diagnosis are supposed to be the mature ones-
Thwaites’ sectional characters taken from the persistence of the calyx and form of the
style are probably the best, but not available in all the specimens at our disposal.

I. Outer petals glabrous or very slightly pubescent.
+ Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals 14 in. or more.

1, G. Thwaitesii, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves glabrous oblong
obtusely acuminate, peduncles axillary, sepals broadly ovate obtuse per

|
|

x

Goniothalamus.] 1v. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 73

sistent, outer petals broadly clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid shortly
stalked, Thwaites Enum. 7; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 58.

Travancor, Wight; CEYLoN, alt. 2-4000 ft.
_ À small tree; branches glaucous, leafy; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 34-6 Py 1k 2
m., coriaceous, dark-green above, paler beneath, margins subrecurved, nerves su labrons
petiole 1-1 in. Flowers green ; peduncles 3-1 in., subclavate. Sepals 4 in., gla our,
reticulate when dry. Outer petals 1}-14 in., glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, tapering

rather obtuse tip ; inner subsericeous ; cone of tips acute, j in. Carpels 4-3 in., obtuse
at both ends.

2. G. Gardneri, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves narrow cate
glabrous peduncles 1-2 axillary, sepals ovate acute persistent, Suter D

rdly clawed, style subulate, carpels oblong subglabrous short-stalke
Thwaites Enum, 7 3 Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 60.

Cevton ; in forest . 2- ft., Walker, &c.

A shrub, 8-10 ft. branches Teafy, glabrous; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 5-10 by
7* 1n., coriaceous, dark-green and shining above, pale beneath, nerves close sot; petos
clin Flowers yellow-green ; peduncles 4—4 in. Sepals glabrous, gi in G.

TL ` „Cuter petals glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, longer and narrower
lucaitegii. Carpels 1 in.; style subulate.

> G Grifüthii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 110; leaves oblong obtusely acu-
minate glabrous, peduncles axillary recurved, sepals large obtuse or anbara
Demistent!, outer petals long-acuminate scarcely clawed, style su ,
e subglobose glabrescent short-stalked.

ERGUI, Griffith. . .

À tree; iran has glabrous, black or grey. Leaves 6-12 by 24-3 in., axillary or
base acute, shining above, paler beneath; petiole 4 in. Peduncles S, ^N Outer

m the old wood. Sepals 4-3 in., thin, reticulate when dry, connate belo "harp, tric
Petals 2-23 in, glabrous, lanceolate from a broad base; inner 3-3 i "n^ sulblate.
dretrous, ,Anthers with an acute process. Ovaries strigose; style long,

Carpels 3 in. diam.

4 G. Hookeri, Thwaites Enum. 6; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong
shortly obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or cau ine ; epal
» ‘cute persistent, outer petals not clawed, style subulate, carp

alle -—Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 66.

EYLON ; Hini i It. 1000 ft., Thwaites. ` .

demi ey branches gan, adr 0-13 by 24-9 ny thick, corinne, base
fasci jor Pounded, paler beneath; petiole 3-3 in. Flowers pale en dr Outer
417 ed; peduncles i-i in. Sepals 3 in., connate below, reticulate w ren d MW tho
Petals 2 in. glabrous broad-lanceolate, base rounded, slightly contrac an
Middle ; inner tomentose within, cone 1 in. high. Carpels size of a small bean.

+ Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals 1 in, or less.

5. G. sesquipedali d: T. Fl. Ind. 108 ; leaves linear-oblong or
lanceolate abruptly obtusely seminate glabrous margin recurved when d'y,
8 ovate acute persistent, outer petals lanceolate, cone 0 i is. Wall
PL Pels ovoid glabrous very short-stalked. Guatteria A - 42 (not
vau Rar. iii. t, 266; Cat, 6446. O. macrophylla, 4. DC. Mem.
lume) Wall; Cat, 6351.

> shrub 2-4'ft. Leaves 9-13 by 2-34 in., coriaceous, sare same
lesa ^) ang above, paler beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers E Outer petals 1 in.,
1-1 in, axillary or supra-axillary. Sepals } in., glabrous.

74 IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Goniothalamus.

lanceolate, glabrous; inner pubescent, cone $ in. Ovaries golden-strigose, narrow,
equalling the cylindric recurved style. Carpels 3—4 or 8-10, $ in., mucronate, grant-
late, orange-red.

6. G. Walkeri, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 109; leaves narrowly linear-oblong
obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary, sepals ovate acute persis-
tent, outer petals ovate-lanceolate, style clavate 2-lobed.— Thwaites Enum.
8 and 398,

CEYLON ; in the Singhe Rajah forest, Walker, &c.

A small tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 10-13 by 2-5 in., coriaceous, base acute,
very aromatic, dark green and shining above, pale beneath. Flowers red, sparsely
pubescent; peduncles 45-3 in., axillary. Sepals & in., enlarging in fruit. Outer
petals Zin.; inner 1-4 in.—" The fragrant roots contain camphor and are chewed by

the Cinghalese." Thw.—Very near to G. sesquipedalis. The description of the flower
is taken from Thwaites.

ttt Leaves obovate-oblong, widening upwards to above the middle,

7. G. Thomsoni, Thwaites Enum. 7; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly
long-acuminate glabrous, flowers solitary or binate axillary or truncal, sep
acute persistent, outer petals 14 in. lanceolate, style with 2 filiform segments,
carpels ovoid short-stalked. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 59.

CEYLoN ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. .

A small glabrous bush, 14-3 ft. Leaves 6-12 by 14-34 in., base acute, bright green
above, pale beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellow, glabrous, often close to the ground;
peduncles 4-3 in., slender, tip decurved. Sepals 1 in., lanceolate. Outer petals 1} in.,
taper-pointed, base rounded ; cone of inner broad, 4 in. high. Ovaries elongate, equa"
ling the style. Carpels 3 in., 1-seeded.

8. G. wynaadensis, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. i. 13, t. 61 ; leaves nal
rowly obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary $
truncal, sepals persistent? outer petals 3 in. broad ovate, style elonga
2-lobed, carpels oblong. Atrategia, Beddome.

Western Peninsuta; Wynaad, alt. 2500-5000 ft., Beddome.

An erect shrub; shoots puberulous. Leaves 8-11 by 3 in., thin, membranous, base
acute, shining above, paler beneath; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 3-1 in. long, glabrato i
buds brown-pubescent; peduncles 4-1 in. Sepals orbicular, obtuse or acute. Outer
petals conspicuously veined ; inner half as long, vaulted. Torus and ovaries hairy;

ovule 1. Ripe carpels 4-1 in. long, mucronate; stalk j in— We have seen but ob?
specimen.

9. G. macrophyllus, M. f. € T. ; leaves narrow-obovate-oblong act
minate glabrous coriaceous, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals acute persistens
outer petals 1-13 in. oblong-lanceolate, style slender, carpels pisiform su
sessile.— Polyalthia macrophylla, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 79, t. 39.

Maracca, Grifith, Maingay.—Distris. Java. . -

A shrub or tree; branches glabrous; bark grey. Leaves 10-18 by 3-5 in. cons
ceous, base rounded or acute, pale beneath; petiole 3-1 in. lowers green, glabrous:
peduncles 1-3 in., glabrous. Petals, outer acute or acuminate ; inner obtuse, ciliate, con
4 in., depressed, triquetrous. Ovaries 12-18, glabrous, 1-ovuled. Carpels size of a pe
ovoid, mucronate.—Our specimens are in fruit with a bud.

II. Outer petals softly pubescent or tomentose.
* Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong.
10. G. Simonsii, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 108; leaves narrowly obovate

oblong caudate-acuminate glabrous above brown pubescent beneath, p
duncles axillary, sepals acute persistent, style cylindric, carpels oblong.

|

Goniothalamus.] 1v. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 75

Kuasta HILLS; alt. 2-3000 ft., Simons, &c. l
À small tree; young branches, midrib and nerves beneath, peduncles and petals
brown-tomentose. Leaves 9-15 by 3-5 in. nerves strong; petiole 4 in. Flowers
l-14 in. long; peduncles 1—1 in. Sepals 4in., ovate. Outer petals 14-2 in. long,
dblong-lanceolate ; cone of inner 4 in. long, triquetrous, acute. Connective acute,
brous. Carpels 4 in., on a much elongated torus, mucronate.

ll. G. giganteus, //. J. € T. Fl. Ind. 109: leaves oblong long and
obtusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath with a sharply
keeled midrib, peduncles from the old axils, sepals broadly ovate obtuse,
outer petals flat, style filiform, tip clavate—Uvaria gigantea, Wall. Cat.
6469 A B (in part).

Penane and Sincapore, Wallich, &c.—Distrim. Philippines. . .

ranches glabrous, white; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 13-3 in., coria-
eous, base acute, dark green and shining above, pale beneath ; petiole š in. Flowers
37) large; peduncles 1-14 in., subclavate, spreading or pendulous, puberulous. Sepals
$in, ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Outer petals 3-4 by 13-3 in., oblong, shortly clawed,

nt on both surfaces ; inner densely golden tomentose, cone 4 in.

12 G. malayanus, H. f. £ T. FL Ind. 107: leaves narrow-oblong
taper-pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals connate to the
€ acute, outer petals flat, style slender, carpels narrow-oblong glabrate
Uvaria sp. Griff. Notul. iv. 710.
Matacca, Griffith. .
rk white; shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-9 by 14-3 in., base acute, "ni
hie ded, shining and dark green above, paler and lurid beneath, veins subhorizontal,
mt; petiole i-i in. Flowers greenish ; peduncles 4-4 in. deflexed, brown-si M
tus m., broad ovate, pubescent. Outer petals | in. ovate-lanceolate, acute,
k ved, young silky on both surfaces with a triangular glabrous basal area, ^
y ed; inner united into a short acute tomentose cone. Ovaries silky ; ovules "e
hispid lin, corky (golden-pubescent when immature); stalk 4 in. Seeds r3 whe
i ulous; funicle road, flat.— G. Stingelandtii, Scheffer, of Java, is perhaps

i, & fulvus, 7. f. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong obtuse or
fat glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals free subacute, outer petals

» Style cylindric glabrous.

ACCA, Gri. h. |

a anches slender, black. Leaves 8-9 by 24-34 in., thin, glabrous, pellucid.dotted,
peduncle nerves oblique; petiole 1 in., appressed-pubescent. Flowers lin. ong
ceolate fro 1n., puberulous. Sepals } in., broad ovate. Outer peta ^ mn o an
lin,, sh m à broad base, taper-pointed, brown-silky, slightly keeled on. re ck ; cone
Port, triquetrous, obtuse.—Flower of G. malayanus; leaves more like G. Ou

l4. G. cardi ; rrow-oblong
;Cardiopetalus, 7/. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 107 ; leaves na
" 0bovate-oblong abruptly acu inita glabrous margin waved, MAE
aa axillary solitary or superposed, sepals orbicular free, outer etal
oboy te clawed, style slender 2-fid. Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 62.. Hook.
Ken Ja Heyne ex Wall. Cat. 6471. Polyalthia cardiopetala, Dalz, m ‘oom.
ae Dot. ii. 39. Atrategia Thomsoni, Bedd.
nins of Canara, Heyne, &c. i i
sham all feo; branches ae, der, len fy. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thin, coriaceus, bama
ou: petiole 1 ìn. Flowers lin. diam.; peduncles 4-4 in. Sepals small, pubese .
š Petals i-i in., oblong, densely brown-tomentose ; inner j shorter, tomentose.
Leaves lanceolate,

5. G. f
ly obi culatus, Thwaites Enum. 7, 398 ; leaves lanceolate or very

ti `
ong acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose

76 IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Goniothalamu.

beneath, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals broad ovate acute deciduous, wis
clavate 2-lobed, carpels oblong or globose rusty-pubescent. Beddome i
Pl. Ind. Or. t. 64.

CxvLow ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. i

A shrub, 6-8 ft.; bark black, young branches strigose. Leaves 6-11 by 1-2] in,
membranous, reticulate; petiole Z in., deeply grooved, almost winged. "lowers jiu
long, red- or yellow-brown ; pedicels 1 in., very slightly supra-axillary, deflexed. Ove
ries densely red-strigose, style large. Carpels 4 in. long, acute, 1-2-seeded ; stalk p.

16. G. salicinus, /7. É & T. Fl. Ind. 106; leaves narrow-lanceolate
acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose beneath, pe
duncles shortly supra-axillary, sepals deciduous, style 2-lobed. Z'hwaus
Enum. 7; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 65.

CryLon ; in forests near Adam's Peak, alt. 2-3000 ft. . icels,

A shrub, 10-12 ft. ; branches dark, slender, leafy ; young parts, petioles, pedice d
and sepals densely brown-strigose. Leaves 3-44 by 4-1 in. ; petiole } in. Po
yellow-brown or -red; peduncles } in. Sepals } in., ovate, acuminate. Outer peta
4-3 in, oblong-lanceolate, tomentose ; cone of inner 1 in. high.

17. G. Wightii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 106 ; leaves lanceolate acute at
both ends glabrous on both surfaces pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary,
sepals persistent, outer petals ovate acute, style oblong tip dilated,
oblong glabrous. Wall. Cat. 9089 ; Beddome Ic. Pi. Ind. Or. t. 63.

Forests of Travancor, Wight, &c. . . «ht:

Branches glabrous, leafy, buds sub-silky. Leaves 3-5 by 3-1} in. thin, ne
green above, brownish beneath; petiole $-] in. Flowers } in. diam., pedunce
4-1 in., subclavate. Sepals 1 in., broad-ovate, subacute, puberulous. Outer peta

1 in., appressed brown-pubescent ; inner 1 in., cone short, brown silky inside. Car,
% in. ; stalk 4 in.

16. MITREPHORA, Blume.

Trees. Leaves coriaceous, strongly ribbed, plaited in vernation. Fn
usually terminal or leaf-opposed, sometimes 1-sexual. Sepals 3, orbic d
or ovate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate; outer ovate, thin, veined; Inn
clawed, vaulted and cohering. Stamens oblong-cuneate ; above anther-ce
dorsal, remote. Carpels oblong ; style oblong or clavate, ventrally furrowec:
ovules 4 or more, 2-seriate. Ripe carpels globose or ovoid, stalked or su
sessile.—DisTRIB. Species about 10; tropical Asiatic.

1. M. tomentosa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 113; leaves ovate or oboe
lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining above except
hairy midrib, softly tomentose beneath, flowers cymose shortly pedice
bisexual leaf-opposed, carpels subglobose tomentose long-stalked.

From Assam, Jenkins; to Cuirracone, H. f. & T. . be
Branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 14-3 in., base rounded, finely reticulate
neath ; petiole 4-3 in. Cymes few-flowered, densely tomentose ; bracis basal, argh

orbicular; pedicels 1-4 in.; bracteole submedian. lowers 2 in. diam. Sepals b

ovate, acute. Outer petals 1 in., acute; inner broad ovate. Caxpels 1 in. diam. ; P*
dicel 1-14 in.

2. M, obtusa, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 32, t. 10 and 14 C; branché |

glabrescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute or mucronate glabrate beneath,

flowers long-pedicelled 2-sexual on terminal and leaf-opposed tomen "
eduncles, carpels as in M. tomentosa but smaller. H. f. d T. Fl, Ind: 1
varia obtusa, Blume Bud. ; Wall. Cat. 6484.

Mitrephora.| — IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 27

Prxaxo, Wallich; MALACCA, Maingay.—DisrRims. Java. —

A tall much branched tree. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 in. coriaceous, base rounded,
young pubescent beneath and on the midrib above, old glabrous and shining ou both
surfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., bracts several, distichous, linear; pedicels 1-2 in.,
slender; bracteole minute, supra-median. Outer petals Y in., yellowish, veins purple,
velvety outside; inner smaller, ovate, obtuse, pubescent outside, densely tomentose in-

, claw slender,

3. M. Heyneana, Thwaites Enum. 8; leaves ovate-lanceolate nar-
towed to an obtuse tip glabrous shining above, flowers 2-sexual shortly
pedicelled solitary or in leaf-opposed subracemose cymes, carpels ovoid or
pep obose subsessile. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 77. Uvaria Heyneana,

all,

gu
Cat. 6463. U. lutea B, W. £ A. Prodr. 8. Orophea Heyneana, H. f.
€ T. Fl. Ind. 110.

CARNATIC, at Courtalam, Heyne, &c., and CEYLON, Thwaites. .

Branches labrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1} in., firm, coriaceous, base
rounded, finely reticulated beneath; petioles 4-1 in. Flowers 14 in. diam. ; peduncle
very short; bracts minute distichous; pedicels } in. bracteole small, appressed.
» Pas minute, orbicular. Outer petals 3 in., yellow, cuneate-lanceolate, taper-pointe ,

wny on both sides; inner yellow with red spots, 4 in. long, trapezoid, acute, villous.

mpels 6-9, 1 in., strigose in flower, hoary when ripe, 1-3-seeded.

4 M. excelsa, 77. f. (^ T. Fl. Ind. 114; young parts stellate-pubes-
tent, leaves obovate-oblong acute shining above pubescent beneath, flowers
2-sexual Shortly pedicelled in short cymes in the old axils, Uvaria
excelsa, Wall. Cat, 6477,
Pexaxo, Wallich.

e: orbicular. Outer petals very thick, broad ovate, acute; inner thick, arched,

SN. reticulata, 77. f. & T.; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong ob-

flow

Tewasserny He
» Helfer.—Disrrin. Java. :

cons “mall tree, 25 ft.; young branches hoary. Leaves 4-8 by 13-21 in., base acute,
Li Picuously reticulate beneath, nerves parallel; petiole 4-1 in. F edicels als se te.

kin, pubescent ; bracts basal; bracteole median, minute, ovate. a bacute °
ins! Muse. Petals, outside and margins tomentose, outer very small, su Ovaries
pil Lin, trapezoid; claw narrow, erect. @ with 6 staminodes in 3 pairs. i
à the 4-ovuled, Carpels 4-seeded.—Helfer’s specimens differ from Blume's figure only
ig moe rather longer petiole, all are male (like Blume’s), but Maingay says the species

8

Monecioug,
* M. Main d peduncles rusty-
° gayi, H. f. £ T.; branchlets buds and p us
[pbescent, leaves oblong F elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous shining
° flowers 2-sexual long-peduncled, bract concave median, carpeis ovo
Stalked, ,
Mataco, M B
A small ty amgay. eo unded or acute
mi me. Leaves 3-7 by 11-21 in., rather rigid, pale, base roun ,
Pel we nerves duh Losa arching upwards petiole 1-3 in., pubescent.
In. di

lobose, brown-villous ;
tomentose. Petals

Peluches

zm. cernuous, yellow with red blotches ; buds g
l in, ascending, slender, and small broad sepals brown-

78 IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Mitrephora.

pubescent; outer 1 in., obovate-oblong, shortly broadly clawed, undulate ; inner much
smaller, cordate; claw long-linear. Torus urceolate pilose. Ovaries pilose, 8-10-
ovuled, style clavate. Carpels (unripe) 2 in., rusty-tomentose, top rounded; stalk j-
4 in., stout.

7. M. grandiflora, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 101; young parts
golden-pubescent, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate shining above glabres-
cent beneath, peduncles 2-3-Howered leaf-opposed, flowers 2-sexual, carpels
globose.

Ghats near Coloor and Gairsoppah, in S. Canara, Beddome.

A handsome tree. Leaves 4-5 by 14-24 in., thin, coriaceous, axils of nerves beneath
hairy and glandular; petiole 4 in. lowers 2-3 in. diam., ferruginous, subsessile;
buds globose ; bract close to flower. Sepals small. Outer petals broadly elliptic, acute,
first white, turning yellow; inner smaller, deciduous, claw broad, back triangular,
white streaked with red. Carpels globose, size of a hazel, 1-seeded, tomentose.—We
have seen no specimen.

16.* ANONA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Flowers solitary or fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed.
Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 3-6, valvate in 2 series, or the inner serie
wanting ; outer triquetrous, base concave. Stamens numerous ; anther-cells
narrow, dorsal, contiguous, top of connective ovoid. Ovaries many, subcon-
nate ; style oblong ; ovule 1, erect. Ripe carpels confluent into a many-ce
ovoid or globose many-seeded fruit.—DisTRIB. A large American an
African genus, of which various fruiting species or varieties are naturaliz
in the Old World.

A. squamosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. £5; leaves oblong obtuse or act
minate glaucous beneath and pubescent when young, fruit tubercled. os
Fl. Ind. ii. 657 ; W. & A. Prodr. 7 ; Wall. Cat. 6490; H. f. & T. FI.
115; Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. 29.

Naturalized especially in the Western PrxiNsuLA.—DisrRIB. Tropical America.—
(The Custard Apple of Índia. and Sweet Sop of the W. Indies.)

A small tree. Leaves 2-3 by 3-14 in., membranous, usually obtuse, base acute.
Plovera solitary 1 in. long, pubescent. Petals 3, narrow-oblong. Fruit flesh
areolate.

A. reticulata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 85; leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate quite glabrous smooth or roughish beneath, fruit smooth li hey
areolate. Roxb, Fl. Ind, iii. 657; Wall. Cat. 6489; W. & A. Pr r. T;
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 115; Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 30, 31.

Naturalized in BexeaL and elsewhere. Dusrris. Tropical America. (Bullock’s-heatt
or Custard Apple of the W. Indies.) 3
A small tree. Leaves 5-8 by 14-2 in. base acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2
together on lateral peduncles. Outer petals as in A. squamosa; inner very 8m»?

narrow-oblong. Fruit subglobose, roughish outside, with pentagonal areoles.

17. MELODORUM, Dunal.

Climbing shrubs. eaves with strong parallel nerves. Flowers terminal
axillary and leaf-opposed, solitary fascicled or panicled ; buds triquetrous
Sepals 3, small, valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows; OU
plano-convex or trigonous ; inner triquetrous above, hollowed below on the
inner face. Stamens many ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; top of conne" -
tive ovoid or quadrate. Carpels many, free; style oblong ; ovules 2 or more |

Melodorum.) ^ IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 79

carpels berried. — DISTRIB. Species about 18; Tropical Asia and
rica,

Sect. I. Melodorum proper. Outer petals oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late. Ovaries tomentose ; ovules many. Seeds smooth, often with a raised
marginal wing.

* Leaves very pubescent or tomentose beneath.
+ Leaves pubescent on both surfaces,

l. M. rubiginosum, 7. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 116; leaves oblong obtuse
acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous except the tomentose midrib above,
pubescent beneath, outer petals 1-12 in. narrow-oblong, carpels ovoid or
globose tomentose stalked. Uvaria rubiginosa, A. DC. Mem. 26; Wall. Cat.
6465. U. nervosa and U. fulva, Wall. Cat. 6479, 6427.

From Sinner and Currracone, H. f. & T', to TENAssERIM, Wallich.
A large climber; branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-12 by 2-5 in., rather mem-
nous; petiole 4-1 in. Flowers axillary or in terminal 5-6 flowered leafless panicles,
‘own-tomentose ; pedicels 1-1} in.; bracts 1-2, supra-median, small, ovate. Sepals
short, broad. Outer petals oblong, acuminate, tomentose outside, hoary within; inner

cover, ovate, base concave, limb triquetrous. Carpels 1-1} in.; stalk as long or
nger. Seeds shining.

2? M. latifolium, Dunal; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 117 ; leaves ovate or
oblong obtuse coriaceous densely pubescent beneath, outer petals $ in.
oDlong-ovate, carpels large ovoid beaked, stalks thick. Wall. Cat. 9411.

mollissimum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 354. Uvaria latifolia, Blume

` Jav, Anon, t. 15,

Mataoca, Griffith ; Stxcavorr, Maingay.—DisrRis. Sumatra, Java, Philippines.

Very near M. rubi inosum, but leaves very coriaceous, more tomentose and obtuse,
Young downy above, lowers smaller broader and shorter, in larger panicles. Carpels

M oblong, densely rusty-tomentose, young warted beaked, old smooth ; stalks
Q N ^ lanuginosum, //. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves lanceolate or
JL ODg-ia

ni nceolate acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous except the
E above densely woolly beneath, outer petals 13-2 in. villous, carpels
odse tomentose. Uvaria lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 6454.

Pesang and Sixcapong, Wallich; MALACCA, Maingay. .

the prambling shrub, densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 19-2] in., lower on

in ing es smaller, base rounded ; petiole 4-8 in. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed,
te ort flowered cymes; bracts small, oblong, deciduous; pedicels 3-1 in., brac-

tones ate basal. Sepals } in., ovate. Outer petals oblong, tapering to an obtuse point;
wet a little shorter, hoary, narrow, base concave, limb long triquetrous. Car pels

“diam; stalk 4 in. Seeds dimidiate-oblong, shining.

eae manubriatum, 77. f. § T. Fl. Ind. 118; leaves 3-5 in. oblong
d blong-lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous except the midrib above,
dense Y Srown-tomentose beneath, outer petals 4-1 in., carpels subglobose
d mentoge, Uvaria manubriata, Wall. Cat. 6456.
Na and Maracca, Wallich, &c.
tom roody climber, young branches petioles inflorescence and ca els densely brown-
cled, Mom. Leaves 3-5 by 11-13 in., base rounded ; petiole fin. £"lowers 1-3, t
rminal or leafopposed, pedicels 4-3 in.; bracts oblong, ipfis median, Sepa 8
Qul p In. ovate, acute. Outer petals ovate-oblong, obtuse; inner a little shorter,

80 IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Melodorum.

5. M. verrucosum, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 119 ; leaves 3-5 in. oblong or
lanceolate acute or obtuse glabrous except the midrib above, softly pubes-
cent beneath, nerves close-set, carpels subglobose densely warted.

KHASIA niLLs, alt. 1-5000 ft., H. f. & T.

A large woody climber, young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by
11-2 in., base hardly rounded, petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 1—5, fascicled, terminal or leaf-
opposed, buds shorter and broader than in other species; bracts ovate or oblong,
acute, median. Sepals ovate, acute. Outer petals 3 in., ovate, acute, slightly keeled
inside; inner triangular-oblong, acute, hoary, concave except at the triquetrous tip
Carpels 2 in. diam., pubescent; stalk 4-8 in.—Griffith’s t. 652 (of Icones iv.), whic
is not referred to in the “ Notulæ,” may belong to this species, but the venation differs
much.

6. M. Grifüithil, M.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-5 in. narrow oblong
or lanceolate obtuse or subacute glabrous except the midrib above, rusty-
pubescent beneath, tip often retuse, outer petals } in. Fissistigma scandens,
Griff. Not. iv. 706.

TENASSERIM, Griffith.

A climbing shrub; bark dark grey, spotted white; young branches and flowers
tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 1}-1Zin., base rounded; petiole } in. Flowers 2-4 in,
sub-terminal in leaf-opposed fascicles terminating a short peduncle; pedicels 4-4 in;
bracteole median, orbicular, small. Sepals orbicular, obtuse. Outer petals à m.;
inner a little shorter, red-brown, glabrous or puberulous.—Resembles Uvaria sphæro-
carpa, Bl., which is a Melodorum, but the flower of that plant and the fruit of this are
unknown.

7. M. bicolor, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 119; leaves 4-8 in. oblong or lan-
ceolate, lower on each branch obtuse upper acute glabrous except the midri
above silky beneath, outer petals 1 in., carpels globose subglabrous. Uvaria
bicolor, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 662 (not of Wall Cat)

From the base of the Sikkim HIMALAYA and Kaasia Hirs to Assam and AVA. |

A large woody climber ; young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 4-8 by 2-310.
petiole 1-3 in. Flowers 1-3, in leafopposed fascicles; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracteole
small, basal Sepals ovate. Outer petals villous, ovate-lanceolate ; inner rather
shorter and narrower, glabrous, red. Carpels 1 in. diam , mucronate ; stalk 4-4 in.—
Very near M. manubriatum, but with usually larger, more obtuse leaves, more late
flowers, and more globose shorter-stalked fruit.

8, M. Maingayi, H. f. £ T.; branchlets pubescent, leaves broad
elliptic or oblong rounded at both ends or tip apiculate glabrous above
glaucous and finely pubescent beneath, flowers 14 in. solitary, calyx orbi-
cular, carpels oblong straight-beaked,

PENANG, Maingay.

A scandent shrub; branches black. Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., hard, coriaceous, red-brow?
when dry, opaque above with a slender downy midrib, nerves many, much diverging
slender; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers axillary, cernuous, appressed brown-pubescent ; buds
with a swollen base 4 in. diam. and trigonous curved beak; pedicel }-4 in., stout,
curved ; bract small, broad, halfamplexicaul. Calyx a disk 4 in. diam. Outer peta
flat but keeled down the middle inside, compressed 3-gonous; base excavated ; inner
very small, triangular-ovate, glabrous. Stamens very many, small, truncate. orus
conical, low, top depressed. Ovaries about 6, silky ; stigma subsessile. Carpels 1)?
by ł in., rusty puberulous, walls thick; stalk 4 in., stout, straight. „Seeds jin. many;
2-seriate, horizontal; testa shining, not margined.

. 9. M. cylindricum, Maingay, mss. ; branches rusty-pubescent, leave
oblong elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above brown an

Melodorum.] ^ 1v. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 81

puberulous beneath, flowers 3 in. solitary, calyx obtusely triangular, carpels
cylindric rough, ends rounded.
Matacca, Maingay. . nn
Branches very dark. Leaves 3-44 by 13-13, base rounded, coriaceous, hard, midrib
slender, puberulous, nerves many slender diverging ; petiole 4-3 in., pubescent, wers
axillary cernuous ; buds short, pyramidal, appressed brown-pubescent ; peduncle : ort,
thick, bract obscure. Calyx i in. diam. Outer. petals triangular-ovate, 3-quetrous,
se excavated; inner very small indeed, triangular, glabrous. Torus as in
: Maingayi. "Top of. connective orbicular. Ovaries, 4-6 silky-pubescent. ! ip
carpels 1-13 by 4-3 in., curved, brown-pubescent, walls very thin; stalk 4 in., stout.

» many j in. long, 2-seriate, horizontal, testa shining, not margined; aril small,
cartilaginous,

** Leaves glabrous or minutely sparsely pubescent beneath. (See also
Maingayi and cylindricum.)

t Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed cymes or fascicles.

-lan-
10, M. Wallichii, 7. f: & T. Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves narrow oblong
ceolate acute or acuminate te aly pilose beneath veins distant, outer petai
b ^ carpels subglobose tomentose.—Uvaria bicolor, Wall. Cat. 6466, n

Eastern BENGAL, in Assam and Sinner, Wallich, &c.

A large woody climber, young parts with slight golden pubescence. Leaves pA
1-23 in., base rounded, pale beneath and hairy chiefly on the midrib an fools
nerves; petiole jin. Flowers 1-3, in terminal or leaf-opposed fascicles; Pee

1n; bracts 1-2) ovate, basal. Sepals small, ovate. Outer petals oblong-lance ;

Inner one-third shorter, hoary, brown-purple. Carpels (mature?) š in. diam., obliquely
Mucronate ; stalk 1 in.

; long
ll. M. polyanthum, Z. f. € T. Fl. Ind, 121; leaves narrow ob
poineeolate usually acute at both ends minutely pubescent beneath, outer

zin. Uvaria polyantha, Wall. Cat. 6467.
Forests of the Kuasia minis, Sirmgr, and Assam. :
arge woody climber; branches blackish, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 In or
8-10 by 2-34 in., acute or sharply acuminate, pale beneath; petiole 1-3 in., B brate.
wers small, 3-7, in leaf-opposed cymes; peduncle short, woody, hoary, ey 8 ‘Sepals
dä "i 8 tin, with a basal scale and a median orbicular deciduous bracteole. Sep
ate, subac

ute, hoary. Outer petals ovate, silky outside; inner about half the size,
pubescent without, glabrous withi

1n.
12. M, rufinerve, H. f. £ T. FL Ind. 121 ; leaves 6-10 in. long obtuse
T acute glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers minute.

EASTERN BENGAr; f 1 H. f. & T.
y i; forests between Silhet and Cachar, H. f. 1
byoi 496 Woody climber; branches glabrous; buds golden-pubescent. , i 610
E base rounded or retuse ; petiole glabrous, 4-3 in. Buds minute, in p
a

M istinct
opposed cymes : pedicels 4 in. ; bracteole small, median.—A very distiuc
Š, In an immature condition.

Tt Flowers axillary, solitary, or appearing racemose only through the fall
3 of the floral leaves, sin oblong
M. prismaticum, Z. f & T. FL Ind. 121; leaves 5-9 in. o
ed or abruptly acuminate glabrous brown beneath, sepals connate,
hima harrow 2in., carpels oblong obtuse tubercled og ae
tica, Wall. Cat, 6455, Pyramidanthe rufa, Mig. Ann. ii. 39.

Vou, s Matacca and SixcaronE, Wallich, &c.—Disrais. Borneo. c

82 IV. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Melodorum:

A large woody climber; branches black, glabrous, buds puberulous. Leaves 5-9 b
24-4 in., much smaller at the base of the branches, thickly coriaceous, base rounded,

uberulous on the midrib beneath ; petiole 4-2 in. Flowers axillary, solitary ; pedicel
in. bracteoles small, linear, subbasal. Calyx a slightly 3-lobed cup. Outer petals
2 in., tapering from a common base to a long triquetrous point, rusty-pubescent outside,
hoary inside; inner 4-4 in., ovate, acute, glabrate, concave except the triquetrous tip.
“ Ovaries 4-6, strigose, 4- or more -ovuled,” Maingay. Carpels 1-14 in. long; st
1-11 in.

14. M. fulgens, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-4 in. oblong-lanceo-
late acuminate glabrous except the midrib above pale and appressed pu!
cent beneath, outer petals š in. ovate concave, carpels subglobose silky
shining.—Uvaria fulgens and Myristica Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6482 an
6793.

Maracca and SixcaAPonE.—DisrRrs. Borneo, Philippines. ;

A large woody climber (small tree, Maingay); branches glabrous, young silky.
Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in., base founded or subacute; petiole 1-1 in., silky. hee
tawny-orange, solitary or in subracemose terminal panicles (through the fall of les
floral leaves) ; pedicels 1-3 in., golden-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, linear, upper Ad
orbicular. Sepals orbicular, acute. Outer petals 4 in., ovate, golden-silky outside,
hoary within, with a large concave glabrous Tasal area ; inner oblong, acute, globos
Anthers purple, appendage long. Ovaries strigose. Ripe carpels 14 in. See
flattened not scrobiculate.’”’ Maingay.

Sect. IT. Kentia. Flowers axillary, solitary. Outer peas orbicular,
with broad much thickened margins. Ovaries glabrous, pe ucid-glandular;
ovules definite or indefinite, Seeds pitted.

15. M. elegans, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 122; leaves lanceolate acuminate

glabrous above paler and puberulous beneath, carpels oblong or subglobosé
varia elegans, Wall. Cat. 6474 A.

PzxAxo, Wallich ; Maracca, Maingay. 34

A climber; branches slender, glabrous, black; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves A
by 1-14 in. coriaceous, base rounded or acute; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Pelea
slender; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Spals small, ovate, acute, persistent. ye
petals 4 in., ovate, subacute, brown silky outside, hoary inside; inner much pre X
ovate, thick, back keeled, fringed round the basal hollow, triquetrous and hoary a N:
the middle. Ovaries 8-10-ovuled. Carpels } in., stalk as long.— Very like M. Kents
H. f. & T., of Java (Polyalthia, Blume), but that plant is 2-ovuled.

16. M. pisocarpum, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 123; leaves broad-ovate -
-oblong emarginate glabrous above reticulate and puberulous beneath, e
pels pisiform granulate glabrate. Uvaria mabiformis, Grif. Notul. iv. 1%%

Maracca, Griffith. -3

A shrub, probably climbing ; branches glabrous; buds golden-silky. Leaves pa
by 1}-1} in., coriaceous, base rounded or subacute ; petiole 4 in. Peduncles 1-3 M
slender, hardly downy ; bracteoles 2, minute, scale-like, basal; buds subglobose, 0
tusely triquetrous. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Outer petals 3 in. broad, ovate, su
orbicular, golden-silky outside, hoary inside; inner about half as long, narrow-oblong:

Ovaries 2-ovuled. Carpels } in. diam., globose; stalk the same length. “4
scrobiculate, arilled." Maingay.

18. XYLOPIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, Flowers axillary, solitary cymos® *1

fascicled ; buds triquetrous, conic, often slender. Sepals 3, valvate, connate.
Petals 6, elongate, valvate in 2 series; outer flat or concave; inner nea

Xylopia.} Iv. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 83

as long, 3-gonous, concave at the base only. Torus flat, or hollow and en-
closing the carpels. Stamens oblong, truncate or connective produced ;
anther-cells remote or contiguous, usually septate, with a large pollen-grain
in each cellule. Ovaries 1 or more ;. style long, clavate ; ovules 2-6 or
More, 1~2-seriate. Ripe carpels long or short, continuous or moniliform,
usually several-seeded.— DISTRIB. Tropics generally ; species 30-40.—Closely
allied to Melodorum, but very different in habit.

Secor, I. Habzelia, Alph. DC. (Gen.. Torus flat or slightly concave.
Ripe carpels cylindric or obovoid.

l. X. ferruginea, M. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 123 (Habzelia); leaves narrow-
oblong acute glabrous and shining above glaucous beneath and rusty-
pubescent on the veins, peduncles solitary or geminate, carpels cylindric
slender subtorulose. Artabotrys malayana, Grif. Notul, iv. 713.
Matacca, Grifith, Maingay. .
A flexuous ramose shrub Lanchlets rusty-pubescent. Leaves 5-7 by 14-2 in., base
oblique rounded or subcordate, much reticulate; petiole }- in. Flowers pendulous,
yellow, fragrant; peduncles 31} in. rusty-pubescent. Sepals ovate, acute. Outer
pats 1n., taper-pointed, yellow-tomentose ; inner shorter, narrower, triquetrous above,
contracted. Anthers with a long narrow process, cells septate. Ovaries many
golden strigose. Carpels 4—4 in., blood-red. Seeds ovoid, aril 0.

2 X. oxyantha, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 124 (Habzelia); leaves ovate or
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous glaucous below, peduncles fascicled
en Uvaria oxyantha, Wall. Cat. 6478. >

INCAPORE, Wallich. i

1 tree; branches glabrous; young parts puberulous. Leaves 7-8 by 24-34 1D. ;

i han lin. long, peduncles 4-4 in., appressed downy.
‘Pals broad-ovate. Outer peas 11-1) in., narrow-linear, pubescence yellowish ap-

3. X. malayana, H. /. £ T. Fl. Ind. 125 ; leaves oblong obtusely acu-
minate glabrous, reticulate heneath, peduncles very short 3-5-flowered, sepals
united to the middle carpels cylindric-oblong obtuse pubescent. Pararta-
D sumatrana, Mig. Pl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 1. 374.
ALACCA, Griffith —D1 S . i i
A tree; branc re slender, glabrous: buds pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., ran
eous, base acute, pale-brown when dry beneath; petiole j-] in. Flowers 4-1 im.
g S triquetrous; peduncles axillary, 1-bracteate ; pedicels short and brow n-tomentos `
hats ovate, acute. Outer petals linear; inner shorter. Connective prolonge ls
anther-ce]]s septate. Ovaries 5-7, strigose, 2-ovuled (6-ovuled, Maingay). Carpels
im., many-seeded; stalk short, thick.

4 x. obtusifoli bt r retuse glabrous
"ni a, H. f. & T. ; leaves oblong obtuse o
wd shining above brown-ilky beneath, cymes subracemose, sepals acute
mited to the middle,
ALACCA, Griffith :
A tree ; branches gl : ; 1-1} in., coriaceous,
’ abrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 2-3 by 1- , )
ies Acuto; petiole $4 in. "Flowers like those of X. malayana in shape and size
bracteolo. y “oft ii in.; pedicels 1 in., rather silky, with a medi

4-5
5. X. fusca. Va; 1 small elliptic- or
lin » Maingay mss. ; branches glabrous, leaves sn
“at-oblong obtuse Cio glabrous, nerves faint zaculate, flowers

84 IV. ANONACEEX,. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Xylopia.

solitary racemed or fascicled, pedicel and subentire calyx rarely pubescent,
petals brown-silky, ovaries 4-5.

Mauacca, Maingay. ; ..

A tree; branches rather stout black, tips and very young leaves silky, shining.
Leaves 2-3 by $-1 in., base acute, opaque above, rather darker beneath, midrib
sometimes puberulous; petiole } in., stout. lowers 3 in., pendent; peduncle 1-1 in,
stout, curved; bracts few, minute; pedicels short, stout, ebracteolate. Petals shining;
outer linear from a rather broader base, concave; inner rather shorter, narrower, 3-
gonous, base excavated. Top of connective oblong; anther-cells not septate, lateral.
Ovaries cohering in a cone on the slightly concave torus, golden-silky ; style short,
subulate ; ovules 10-12, 2-seriate.

6. X. magna, Maingay mss. ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse or
acute glabrous above softly pubescent beneath coriaceous, flowers solitary or
racemes terminal, sepals united beyond the middle, carpels obliquely ovoid
or obovoid compressed puberulous,

Matacca, Maingay. ;

A tree; branches black, glabrous, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 11-21 M.,
base obtuse or rounded, thick, above dull, beneath very opaque, brown, nerves faint;
petiole 45-4 in. Flowers 5 in. long, white, slender; peduncles very short. Sepals
united into a broad acutely-lobed cup, ferruginous. Petals hoary, subequal ; outer very
narrow, subulate, flat; inner more slender, base concave. Torus concave. Anthers
rese-coloured, slender, cells septate, tip orbicular. Ovaries strigose; style slender,
stigma hairy; ovules 4. Carpels 14 ìn., walls thick ; stalk very short; torus 2 i
diam. Seeds about 4, superposed, arillate, testa osseous. .

Sect. IL. Euxylopia. Torus much hollowed, bearing the stamens
outside and enclosing the ovaries,

7. X. parvifolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong-lanceolate
acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, pedicels fascicled clothed
with bracteoles, sepals united to the middle, carpels obovoid or oblong su
sessile pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 9 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 43. Pa
tonia parvifolia, Wight Jil. 19.

Southern parts of CEvLox.

A tree; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1] in., coriaceous, base
acute; petiole Jin. Flowers 4 in. long, in axillary 3-5-flowered subsessile fascicles,
pubescence brown appressed; pedicels very short; bracteoles orbicular, the upper close
to the calyx. Sepals acute. aries 5, 4—6-ovuled. Carpels 1-14 in. Seeds oblong,
smooth ; imbedded in pulp (arillate ?).— (Patonia Walkeri, Wight lll. L.c., is a species
of Diospyros.)

8. X. nigricans, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves broad lanceolate
obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, peduncles 27
together axillary, bracteoles 2-3 deciduous, sepals free, carpels as in X. pat
vifolia, Thwaites Enum. 9, 398; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 44.

CrvLow; at Trincomalee, Glenie ; and in the Doombera district, Thwaites. .

A tree; branches glabrous; young puberulous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1] in., thin, cor?"
ceous, base acute; petiole Zin. Flowers 4 in. long, pubescence ochreous, appresset
pedicels ¿—1 iun., short, slender, downy. Ovaries 5, about 4-ovuled.

9. X. Championii, M. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 126 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate pellucid-dotted glabrous and shining above puberulous .
beneath, peduncles solitary, sepals united almost to the tips, carpels o long
b-ribbed short-stalked. TAwartes Enum. 9; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Qr. t. *

)
Xylopia.] IV. ANONACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 85

Cryton; Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c. . .
À tree; branches slender, glabrous; buds rather silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-13 in, thin,
coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. Flowers 1 in. long, pale ochreous
or reddish, tomentose, triquetrous, broader than in its congeners; pedicels à in., brown-
silky ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Calyx slightly 3-lobed. Petals triquetrous
above; inner narrower, one-third shorter. Ovary solitary, 4-ovuled, Carpels 13 in.
enveloped in pulp.

10. X. caudata, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong or lanceolate
long obtusely acuminate tip mucronate glabrous except the midrib above
silky beneath, peduncles 1-3 very short axillary bracteolate at the base and
under the calyx, sepals connate at the base, carpels subglobose or ovoid pu-
bescent short stalked. Guatteria ? caudata, Wall. Cat. 6452.

Sincarore, Wallich ; Maracoa, Griffith.

A small leaved, much branched st or small tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves
Hee by $-1 in., thin, coriaceous, pellucid-punctate, grey beneath; petiole len th

lowers 1- Y in. long, subsessile. Sepals hoary. Petals silky, about equal in leng 7
very slender. Ovaries 2, silky hairy, 2-ovuled ; styles long, clavate, glabrous, exserted.
Carpels 2-3, 4 in., 2-seeded.

il. X. pustulata, 77. f. £: T. ; branches pustulate, leaves small elliptic
glabrous tip narrowed obtuse dark beneath, nerves faint, peduncles solitary
°F geminate very short, sepals united to the middle.

Maracca, Maingay. .

A tree? ; branches pale, minutely white-dotted, glabrous. Leaves 1-2 by Šal m

3 acnte, coriaceous, thick, hardly shining above with obscure veins, reddis t^
and reticulated beneath, nerves and venules all alike; petiole š in. F lowers $ in.
ge many, axillary, pendent ; bracts basal, orbicular, ciliate, deciduous ; buda ° nt:

, Short, ovate, subacute, rusty-pubescent. Petals densely appressed pu poent;
Outer linear from a rather broader concave base, obtuse ; inner much narrower, ra :
Shorter, trigonous with a broader excavated base. Stamens outside the tae opi
anther-cells long, septate, top of connective rounded. Ovaries 5-8, sunk in the con
Save top of the torus, strigose ; style slender, clavate; ovules several. .

12, x. Maingayi, H.F & T. ; branches rusty-pubescent, leaves anal!
elliptic or elliptic-oblong glabrous subacute or obtusely acuminate, nerv s
very finely reticulate, flowers solitary, peduncles very short and calyx rusty

mentose, buds hooked, ovaries many.

Lacca, Maingay. i

A tree ; branches minutely white-dotted. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in., base subacute,
coriaceous, pale above, darker beneath, nerves very slender reticulate on both sur aces ;
petiole slen der, l-lin. Flowers 1-14 in. long, pendent, pale orange; peduncle very
short, stout, carted and calyx rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular, persis ent.

as connate to the middle. Outer petals flat, very narrow, subacute, base 89952
1 ; inner as long, very narrow, 3-gonous, base excavated. An d in the
Ptate, tip of connective rose-coloured, rounded. Ovaries about 9, immerse
Tus, style glabrate; ovules 6.

13. X. dica a, JT. f. e T. ; b 1 elliptic-lanceolate
SJ. . ; branches glabrous, leaves ellip
ee or obtusely e aata glabrous nerves very finely reticulate, flowers

middie O geminate, pedicels short and calyx glabrous, sepals connate to the
iddle, ovaries 9.
INCAPORE, Mai ay. .
ini SR? ; branches dark, minutely dotted. Leaves 3-44 by 14-1] in, vrl aoe
Flower, 250008; nerves oblique, fiuely recticulate on both unir s" lexicaul.
tendi 1j in, pendent, peduncle very stout; bracteoles 1-3, orbicular, amp c i.
obtuse, tubercled. ^ Petals hoary, outer narrow from a rather broader base,

86 IV. ANONACEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Xylopia.

concave; inner narrower, 3-gonous. Stamens many, inner imperfect ; anther.cells
septate; tip of connective rounded. Ovaries sunk in the torus, pilose; style short;
ovules many.

14. X. elliptica, Maingay mss. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic
obtuse membranous glabrous, tip rounded, nerves faint reticulate, flowers
small solitary erect pubescent, sepals subacute united to the middle, ovaries
1-3.

MALACCA, Maingay.

A lofty tree; trunk thick ; branches glabrous, almost black; branchlets pubescent.
Leaves 14-2 by 11-14 in., base obtuse or acute, pale on both surfaces, browner beneath ;
petiole 1 in., puberulous. Flowers 4-3 in., slender ; peduncle half as long or shorter, and
calyx rusty-pubescent ; bracts median, minute. Petals pale brown-tomentose ; outer
linear subulate, from a rather broad base, concave; inner trigonous, base excavated.
Stamens minute. Ovaries sunk in the deeply urceolate torus, hidden amongst long
white hairs ; ovules 4-6.

19. MILIUSA, Leschenault.

Trees or shrubs. Flowers 1-2-sexual, green or red, axillary or extra-
axillary, solitary fascicled or cymose. Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6,
valvate in 2 series; outer smaller, like the sepals; inner cohering when
young by the margins, at length free. Torus elongated, cylindric. Stamens
definite or indefinite ; anthers subdidymous ; cells contiguous, ovoid, ex-
trorse; connective hardly apiculate. Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ;
style oblong or very short; ovules 1-2, rarely 3-4. Ripe carpels globose or
oblong, 1-many-seeded.— D isTRIB. Species 7 ; all Indian.

1. M. macrocarpa, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves lanceolate or
narrow-oblong long-acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers bisexu

solitary or in leafy cymes, sepals and outer petals large ovate š in., carpels
glabrous long-stalked. m

Sixxim-Himataya; KHASIA HILLS, Simons.

A small tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 14-24 in., thin, coriaceous, pale
beneath; petiole pġ in. Flowers subterminal or leat-opposed ; peduncle 2-3 in., clavate
upwards, Outer petals ovate, glabrous, granulate outside, edges and inside appressed-
pubescent ; inner 3 in., lengthening much after expansion, glabrous, ciliate. Ovaries
oblong, silky; style oblong, glabrous; ovules 1-2. Carpels 1 in., dark-purple, fleshy ;
stalk as long, 1-seeded, or 2-seeded and twice as broad.— Differs from its congeners 12
the large sepals and outer petals; inner petals very small in bud.

2. M. indica, Lesch. in A. DC. Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 36 ; leaves ovate or
ovate-cordate obtuse or lanceolate and acute or acuminate glabrous or pubes-
cent beneath, flowers 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals oblong subacute,
carpels pisiform subsessile. W. & A. Prodr. 10; Wall. Cat. 6433; H. f. £
T. Fl. Ind. 148 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. f. 85. M. montana, Gardner et
Fl. Ind, l.c. ; Thwaites Enum. 4, Beddome Lc. t. 84.

MALABAR, Maison, and Certoy, in the Central Province, Gardner.

A much branched very variable shrub; branches strigose, tomentose or glabrate.
Leaves 1-24 by 3-1} in. base generally oblique, coriaceous; petiole obsolete.
Flowers greenish, purple near the base; pedicel 1—2 in, slender ; bracteoles severa
basal. Outer petals equalling or 2-3 times exceeding the oblong subacute inner.
Ovaries 1-2-ovuled.

VAR. 1.. tomentosa; branchlets and leaves beneath tomentose, carpels pubescent.

Van. 2, strigose ; branchlets and leaves beneath strigose, carpels glabrous.

Van. 3. montana; branchlets and much smaller leaves glabrous.

Miliusa.] 1v. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 87

3. M. zeylanica, Gard. ex H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 149; leaves oblong-
lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate young puberulous beneath, flowers
2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals narrow oblong taper-pointed, carpels
pisiform subsessile. Thwaites Enum. 61; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 89.

Cerros ; southern parts of the Island, Walker, &c. .

À small tree ; brandhes rugose, young strigose or downy. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in..
coriaceous, rigid, base somewhat oblique rounded or retuse, midrib downy above, when «Id
glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole j1,—4 in., strigose. Flowers 3-1 in. long; pedun le
short, downy ; bracteoles several, basal. Sepals and outer petals oblong, hardly acute,
softly ciliate; inner petals narrow-oblong, greenish-yellow, base purple.—Closely allied
to M. indica; but leaves longer and petals narrower.

4 M. Wightiana, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 149; leaves narrow-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers poly-
gamous axillary, inner petals oblong subacute, carpels pisiform or oblong
glabrous granulate. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 86.

Hill forests of Tixiventy and Travancor, Wight, &c. . . .

À small tree, bark rough; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4-by $-1 in., thin, coria-
Ceous, pale beneath ; petiole 37 in. Flowers like those of M. indica; peduncles
1-2 in., slender; bracteoles 1-2, minute, basal. Ovaries 1-2-ovuled. Carpels 1-2-
seeded ; stalks as long or longer.

5. M. Roxburghiana, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate abruptly acuminate shining above glabrous or tomentose
neath, flowers 1-3 together dicecious axillary, inner petals ovate obtuse,
earpels ovoid or pisiform and glabrous. M. Wallichiana, H. f. & T. l.c. 149.
Varia dioica, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 659, Guatteria globosa, A. DC. Mem. Soc.
* Y. 43; Wall. Cat. 6448. Hyalostemma Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat.
654; Grif. Te, Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 653.
dicent, Assam, and the Kasia HILLS to TENASSERIM. . lab
small tree ; branches softly pubescent ; leaves beneath pedicels and calyx glabrous
or densely pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, lower on the branch
smaller, subobtuse ; petiole obsolete. Pedicels 4-13 in., sometimes on a short peduncle,
Slender ; bracts several, linear. Sepals lanceolate. Inner petals 1 in., ovate, obtuse,
"ed, veins dark, Carpels 1- rarely 2-seeded ; stalk 2 in.

6. M. velutina, 77. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 151; leaves ovate or oblong acute
Or acuminate tomentose d th aries: flowers 9-sexual subracemose, Inner
t. 87 ovate, carpels ovoid downy short-stalked. Beddome Ic. Pi. jm P^
Qn Uvaria velutina, Dunal Anon.91. U. villosa, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 664.

Uatteria velutina, A. DC. Mem, Soc. Genev, v. 42; Wall. Cat. 6441.

Ganwanar, Bena
R, Matwan, Orissa, MALABAR, and Peau. .
the b Arge tree ; young branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in, ples
ranches smaller and often obtuse, base obliquely cordate ; petiole To in. | w r
toment cet Opposed cymes or in short few-leaved branches; pedicels 2-4 in. s enden
inner ose; bracts minute, basal deciduous. Sepals and outer petals sma , ;
Petals | in., ovate, dark brown, glabrous inside. Carpels size of a cherry.

7. M nilagiri - leaves lanceolate
i hI ca, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 88; leaves i te
ines lanceolate or elliptic taper-pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary gla

Tous, inner 8 l-seriate, carpels
int petals broadly ovate-lanceolate, stamens a
Disiform glabrous. y ,

N
rip het re tn of the Nirarrs, alt. 5000 ft., Beddome.
Pointed." ; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 3-13 in.,
both ends, coriaceous; petiole 1-1 in. Flowers

narrowed and obtusely
j in. long; peduncles

88 IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Miliusa, ,

4-1 in.; bracteoles 2-3, basal. Sepals and outer petals subequal, ciliate ; inner
petals glabrous except the thickened margin near the tip. Ovaries about 13, glabrous;
style oblong or globose; ovules 1-2. Carpels pisiform; stalks 3-} in. .

20. SACCOPETALUM, Bennett.

Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled. Sepals
3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer small, like the sepals ;
inner much larger, erect or conniving, base saccate. Stamens indefinite;
anther-cells dorsal, contiguous; connective produced into a conspicuous
appendage. Ovaries indefinite ; ovules 6 or more. pe carpels subglo-
bose.— DISTRIB. Species 5, Eastern Asiatic, with one Australian.— Redu
to Miliusa by Baillon (Hist. des Plantes, 244).

1. S. longiflorum, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 151; leaves ovate-oblong Of
oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent beneat
peduncles very short solitary in the old axils, inner petals oblong-lanceolate,
carpels glabrous, *

Eastern BENGAL, near Purneah, Hamilton.
A tree; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 8 by 3 in., thin, coriaceous, appressed-pubes-
cent beneath ; petiole 4 in. Peduncles Y in. ; downy. Sepals and outer petals n,
oblong ; inner petals 13 in., tapering to an obtuse point, thin, downy, base subsaccate.
Carpels 1-1} in. diam., berried, black ; stalk š in.

2. S. tomentosum, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 152; leaves ovate or ovate
oblong acute glabrous above except the midrib pubescent or tomentose
beneath, flowers cymose, peduncles long, inner petals oblong obtuse. A
dome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 49. Uvaria tomentosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 35;
Fl. Ind. ii. 667 ; Wall. Cat. 6472; W. £ A. Prodr. 8.

Terai of Nerau at Gorakpore, Orissa, and Bemar, from the Concan to
TRAVANCOR.

A large tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 21-3 in., sometimes glabrous
when old, base obliquely cordate, pale beneath; petiole iin. Flowers few, m leaf-
opposed or subterminal cymes, appearing with the leaves in short leafy branches;
peduncles 2-3 in., slender, downy. Sepals and outer petals y in.; inner petals gin,
oblong, obtuse, downy. Carpels 1 in. diam., purple, 3-4 seeded; stalk 4 in.—Inter-
mediate between Miliusa and Saccopetalum.

31 S. sclerocarpum, H. f. & T.; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or
obtusely acuminate glabrous.—Uvaria sclerocarpa, 4. DC. in Mem. Gene.
v. 27; Wall. Cat. 6461; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 103.

MARTABAN, Wallich. .

A tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 4—5 by 2-21 in., thin, coriaceous, base 4 little

ciliate. Unripe carpels y— in , ovoid, subacute, glabrous ; stalks rather longer.—A very
imperfectly known plant; certainly not a Uvaria.

21. ALPHONSEA, H. f. & T.

Lofty trees. Leaves thick, coriaceous, glabrous, shining. Flowers small
or middle-sized, in leaf-opposed rarely extra-axill peduncled fascicles.
Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series, larger than the sep

equal or the inner rather smaller. Zorus cylindric or hemispheric. Stamens
indefinite, loosely packed ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective apr
culate.. Ovaries 1 or more; style oblong or depressed ; ovules 4-8, in 2

x
x

Alphonsea.] IV. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 89

series on the ventral suture. Carpels subsessile or stalked, — DISTRIB,
Species 3, all Indian.—Baillon Hist. 215, unites this genus with Bocagea.

1. A. ventricosa, 77. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 152; leaves narrow-oblong long-
acummate glabrous shining above, flowers in fascicled short racemes, pedi-
cels j-1in. bracteolate at the base and middle, carpels tomentose long-

stalked.—Uvaria ventricosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 658; Wall. Cat. 6453.

Assam, CHITTAGONG, ANDAMANS, PENANG. :
A lofty tree; branches glabrous, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 14-4 in.,
rounded or subacute, young pubescent on the midrib, pale and conspicuously veined
beneath; petiole 1 in., puberulous. Flowers numerous, greenish-white, odorous;
racemes tomentose ; pedicels 3—1 in., with an ovate median and basal bracteole. Sepals
small, broad ovate, connate below. Petals 3 in., ovate-oblong, brown-tomentose outside.
ries about 10, villous ; Style oblong. Carpels 1-13 in. diam. ; ovoid or subglobose ;
stalk nearly as long.

2 A. lutea, 77. J. & T. Fl. Ind. 153; leaves ovate-oblong glabrous ob-
usely acuminate, flowers subca itate, carpels tomentose subsessile, Thwaites
Enum, 399 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 91. Uvaria lutea, Row, Cor. Pl.
0 p A r - Ind. ii. 666 (not of Wall. nor W. & A.). Uvaria Russellii, Wall.

Tim Sumer to Prev, Beddome; mountains of Orissa ; Ceyton, Reigam Corle,
1828.

À tree; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., base rounded,
pale and conspicuously nerved beneath with puberulous costa and nerves; petiole
m, and midrib at first pubescent. Flowers in dense leaf-op osed fascicles ;
Cuncle and very short pedicels densely brown-tomentose. Sepals orbicular. Pet
jin, ovate, densely tomentose. Ovaries about 10, densely villous; style oblong.

mels 1-1} in., broad ovoid, obtuse at both ends; stalk very short.

3. A. zeylanica H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 153 (incorrect as to fruit); leaves
lanceolate acute or long Voici glabrous shining above, flowers few d.
p qa posed or extra-axillary fascicles, carpels smooth, tomentose stali e š
tenon Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 90. Uvaria lutea var. a, W. & A. Prodr.

*8/^.. Guatteria acutifolia, Wall. Cat. 6438 D.

Walker, & o" at Courtalam, Wight; CkxLow, Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft.,

A tree ; in., tip rather obtuse, midrib
» young branches d . Leaves 21-4 by 3-1 in., tip rather ;
Puberulous’ beneath when young. pe ale i in” Ede: wers yellow green ;
Adr very short, tomentose ; pedicels 4-4 in., pubescent; bracteole small, basal .
1-3 ing ìn., downy outside, glabrous within. Ovaries 5; style depressed. Carpe
n dam., eubglobose ; stalk 1-14 in., stout.
4A Sclero ; 1 late obtuse gla-
° carpa, Thwaites Enum. 11; leaves lanceolate .
ed flowers fascicled on a very short extra-axillary peduncle, pedicels
nr ü bony warted subsessile tomentose.
N, at Haragam, &c., Thwaites. :

: ‘ree; branches glabrous; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-34 by 1-14 in, Me
lin." pale beneath ; petiole 4-4} in. Flowers numerous, ochreous-yellow ; h° in
hairy Town-pilose, with a basal and median bracteole. Sepals very small, imn 41 ls

ae. Stamens 15, 2-3-seriate. Ovaries 8-5; style depressed. Carpe

1 Yellow, ovoid or subglobose ; stalk short.

a madras at dome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 92 ; leaves lanceo-
elliptic-ovate or oblong obtuse flowers fascicled on leaf-opposed or

y. peduncles, carpels ovoid.

5.
late
sup

90 IV. ANONACEJ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Alphonsea.

By streams in Matsor and the Carnatic, Beddome. . à

An umbrageous tree. Leaves 34 by 1j in., much reticulated beneath; petioles 1 in.,
glabrous or puberulous. Flowers 1-6, bright yellow; peduncles very short; pedicels
4-4 in., puberulous; bracteoleinfra-median. Sepals small, ovate. Petals š in., puberu-
lous outside. Stamens 12, 2-seriate. Ovaries 3-4; style subglobose, slightly curved;
ovules about 8; 2-seriate. Carpels yellow-tomentose.

6. A. Maingayi, H. f. £ T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate ob-
tusely or subacutely acuminate shining above reticulate and_pubescent
beneath, flowers solitary or in loose supra-axillary racemes, ripe carpels
very short-stalked tomentose. - :

Matacca, Maingay.

A middle sized or lofty tree; branches black, young rusty-tomentose. Leaves 3-7
by 14-24 in, base acute or rounded, hard, coriaceous, pale yellow-brown, rusty beneath,
petiole 4-4 in., rusty. Flowers 3 in. diam.; peduncles 33—14 in. and very short pè-
dicels rusty-tomentose; bracts small. Sepals373in. Outer petals ovate, recurved,
pubescent outside ; inner similar but rather smaller. Torus 6-angled. Filaments

road short fleshy ; anther-cells small, diverging below. Stigma sessile ; ovules about
20. Carpels 2 by 1 in., obtuse, smooth. Seeds many, smooth.

7. A. elliptica, H. f. & T ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate acuminate
shining above glabrous reticulate, nerves very slender, flowers solitary or M;
2-3-flowered racemes, peduncle short multibracteate.

Maracca, Maingay. .
A tree? ; branches rugose, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-13 in., tip acute M
obtuse, base acute, thin, coriaceous, nearly concolorous, nerves about 5 on a side, vent wi
reticulate on both surfaces; petiole 4-} in. Flowers % in. diam.; peduncles very.
short, bracts many short orbicular persistent ; pedicels 1—] in., slender, curved, Drac.
teoles minute, median. Petals appressed-pubescent ; outer broad-ovate, revolute ; innef
rather smaller. Stamens imbricate in several series, apiculate ; anther-cells oblong: .

Ovaries linear-oblong, silky ; stigma subsessile; ovules many, 2-seriate.

22 OROPHEA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs. Flowers usually small, axillary solitary, fascicled ori
cymose. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer ovate ; inne
clawed, cohering by their margins into a mitriform cap. Stamens definite
6-12, ovoid, fleshy ; anther-cells dorsal, large, contiguous. Ovaries 3-15;
style short or 0; ovules 4. Ripe carpels 1- or more-seeded (very long m
O. enterocarpa).—Di1srTRIB. Species about 16 ; all Eastern Asiatic.— Interni |
diate between Mitrephora and Bocagea, having the perianth of the former |
and stamens of the latter. ;

1. O. uniflora, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 111 ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lats,
ceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary axillary, stamen ig
2-seriate, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Beddome Ic. Pl. Í nd. r
t. 69.

Forests of Travancor at Courtalam, Wight. j.

A shrub or small tree; branches glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 14-24 by 1-115. i
thin, coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath; petiole J, in. Flowers solitary; pec.
1-4 in, slender; bracteoles several, minute, basal, and 1 median. Sepals minute, 077
cular, ciliate. Outer petals & in., ovate or orbicular, membranous, glabrate; mner 3 ^".
trapezoid, tapering into the narrow claw. Ovaries 6; ovules 2. Carpels 4 in.
brown-black.

2. O. zeylanica, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 111; leaves ovate or obl a
shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary or 3

|

|

i Orophea. | IV. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 91

axillary, stamens 6, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked. Thwaites Enum.
- 8; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 70.

Forests of Canara and Coore, Stocks, &c.; and Ckvrox in the Central Province,
- Thwaites. :
- A small tree or shrub; branchlets yellow-pubescent. Leaves 2-34 by 1-13 in., thin,
- coriaceous, base suboblique rounded or retuse, young puberulous beneath; petiole J!;—,. in.
wers greenish-brown, 4 in. diam.; peduncles 1-2 in., 1-4-flowered, slender, pubes-
| cent; peduncle with a basal bract. Sepals and outer petals orbicular, acute, veined,
- downy ; inner petals larger, trapezoid, glabrous, margins pubescent. Carpels } in. diam,

|, 3. O. Thomsoni, Beddome in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. ; Ic. Plant Ind. Or.
- t. 67 ; leaves ovate-oblong obtusely taper-pointed glabrous, peduncle axillary
- 3-flowered strigose, stamens 10-12 2-seriate, carpels pisiform.
Anamally forests, Travancor, alt. 1500-2000 ft. Beddome. 4
A small tree. Leaves 1-1} -2 by 1-1} in. midrib beneath pubescent; petiole
S ys-à in. Peduncle and pedicels very short; bracteoles minute basal: Sepals and outer
petals strigose; inner pubescent, especially inside. Ovaries 5-6, hairy; ovules 2.

4. O. erythrocarpa, Beddome in Trans, Linn. Soc./xx. 5; Ic. Pl. Ind.
Or. t. 68 ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above pubescent be-
neath, peduncles axillary or supra-axillary 3-4-flowered tomentose, stamens
, 12, 6 outer rather imperfect, carpels oblong. /

Anamally forests in Travancor, alt. 1500-2500 ft., Beddome.
A middle sized tree; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves 2-34 by 1-2 in., thin,
coriaceous, most pubescent on the midrib beneath; petiole gy- in., pubescent.
lowers very small; peduncle 1 in., tomentose ; braets many, minute, imbricate below
the fruit or flower; pedicels with a linear basal and a supra-median bracteole. Sepals
Orbicular. Outer petals ovation acute, margins and outer surface pubescent; inner } in.,
‘claw glabrous, limb trapezoid hairy: Ovaries 6, densely strigose ; ovules 2. Carpels
red. Seed solitary, scrobiculate. Fe.

| 5 O. Polycarpa, A. DC. n Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 39 ; leaves ovate-oblong
T lanceolate obtusely acumMate glabrous, peduncles axillary or supra-
xillary slender 1-3-flowe a sparsely hairy, stamens 6, carpels pisiform

labrous long-stalked. H. f € T. Fl. Ind. 111; Wall. Cat. 6431. Griffith
e. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 654. `

Magrasax, Wallich; AxpaAMANs, Kurz. . . .

A tree? ; branchlets nd pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 1-13 in., thin, coriaceous,
ints long, shining above ; petiole 41; in. Peduncle 1-2 in. slender; bracts several,
mall, remote, linear. Sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. Outer petals orbicular, ciliate; inner
wice as large, tip and mains downy. Carpels 9-12; stalk nearly as long.—Our
pecimens have bud and fruit only.

6. O. acuminata,, 4. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 39; leaves oblong or
anceolate long and figely acuminate glabrous above softly pubescent on the
idrib and veins bexerath, peduncle 1-3-flowered axillary or supra-axillary
ender, stamens 6. of f. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 112 ; Wall. Cat. 6432.

Texasserm, Walligjfict :
A tree; branches É Sier, young densely pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1-13 in., thin,
i i 8 Veneath ; petiole J;—4 in., pubescent. Peduncles | in., ubes-
ent; bracts several, süD^late, hairy. Sepals minute, ovate-lanceolate, densely hairy.
rf ovate, thin, hairy; inner as in O. zeylanica. Ovaries 6, densely
trigose ; ovules 2/

7. O. Brandisii, M. J. € T. ; leaves obovate-lanceolate tapering to a
ery slender point glabrous above hairy beneath, peduncles 2-3-flowered
upra-axillary slender, stamens 12, 3 fertile and 9 imperfect.

K

92 iv. ANONACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Orophea.

ManraBAN and Prov, Brandis; Peau, Kurz. . . . D
Branches softly brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., thin, point very slender, —
base narrow rounded or subcordate ; petiole py in., hairy. Flowers ł in. diam.; pe |
duncles 1-14 in., pubescent; bract solitary basal. pals ovate-lanceolate, taper- `
pointed, softly hairy. Outer etals | in., ovate, tomentose, veined on both surfaces;

inner 8 in., claw long narrow, limb subclavate thickened, slightly hairy, compressed, —
grooved in front. Anther-cells large, obtusely apiculate. Ovaries 6, oblong, softly -

villous with white hairs; style oblong, glabrous; ovule 1 on the ventral suture.

8. O. enterocarpa, Maingay mss. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or
oblong-lanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous, peduncles filiform supra-
axillary, carpels very slender subtorulose.

Maracca, very rare, Maingay.

A tree; branchlets slender, black. Leaves 2-44 by 1-1} in., base acute or rounded,
very thin, nerves slender; petiole j'y in. Flowers } in. diam., nodding; peduncle
]-1 in., I-flowered ; bracteole minute. Sepals minute. Outer petals ovate, acute, pu-
bescent ; inner as long, silky, claws equalling the conical cap. Stamens 6, with 6 stam;
nodes. Ovaries about 6, cylindric, 2-4-ovuled, hirsute, Carpels 4-6, 3-5 by j-à in.
red, Seeds 2-4, linear-oblong, 1-seriate.—A very curious fruit.

23. BOCAGEA, St. Hilaire.

Trees, eaves shining, and branches glabrous. Flowers small, termin
axillary or fascicled on woody tubercles, 1-%-sexual. Sepals orbicular o
ovate, imbricate. Petals 6, imbricate in 2-series, nearly equal, usually orbi
cular, concave, Stamens 6-21, imbricate in 2 or more series, broadly oblong,
thick, fleshy; anther-cells dorsal, oblong; connective produced. Ovarves
3-6; style short, stigma obtuse or capitate ; oviles 1 or 2-8 on the ventral
suture. Ripe carpels globose, stalked.—Dis‘gzrn, Species about 12, tropical
Asiatic and American. e

1, B. elliptica, H. f. & 7.; leaves na row-oblong obtuse or acute, ) -
flowers moncecious, sepals ciliate, stamens 1 18, ovaries 3. Uvaria ellip-
tica, A. DC. in Mem, Soc. Genev. v.27; Wail, Cat. 6470, 7421. Sagerzea!
elliptica, H. f. & T. Fl, Ind. 93. Diospyros? frondosa, Wall. Cat. 4125.

TrxassERIM to PEsANG, Wallich; Maracca, Mainga
A tree; young branches angular, Leaves 8-12 by V
acute obtuse rounded or cordate, nerves spreading ; le 4-4 in. Flowers axillary.

and solitary or fascicled on cauline tubercles, small, ‘red, “ moneecious,’’ Maingay;
pedicels } in, bracteoles several basal and 1 orbiculàm median. Sepals glabrous. $ '
Petals | in. long, ovoid, ciliate. Connective sub uadrate, anthers extrorse, Maingay.

Ovaries glabrous, ovules about 8. Ci : ; i:
stalk very short. arpels 1 in. diam., glo se, smooth, several seeded ;

2, B. Thwaitesii, 77. f. £ T. ; leaves narrow-o»Jong obtuse, flowers |
ovaries 3, stigma Sloba Saana] sepals glabr! s, stamens about 21, F

tes E b. B. e itesi . ` . 94;
Thwaites Enum. 6; Beddome T PLI nd. On te < T. FL Ind. 94;

Cerros; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, Thwaiter ea
A tree. Leaves 8-12 by 3-44 in., thick, coriaceous, base. “ounded, pale beneath ;
pais sie bt M pale, tale Li pedicels 2-4 in.; bractecles minute, basal.
ort, ry obtuse. e in. 1 1

reddish. Carpels 1 in. diam., ire E orbicular, glabrous, outer larger. Stamens

4 in., thick, coriaceous, base:

3. B. Dalzellii, M. f. £ T. ; leaves narrow-oblong acute or obtuse,
flowers 2-sexual in fascicles of 1-15 on woody tubercles, stamens 12-18.

Bocagea. | IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 93

ovaries 3-5, stigma entire. Guatteria laurifolia, Graham Cat. Bombay Pl. 4.
erea laurina, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 207 ; Bombay Flor. 2;
Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 93. S. Dalzellii, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 42.

Forests of the Concan, Graham; and Travancor, Beddome.

A middle-sized tree. Leaves 5-9 by 14-2 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute or
rounded ; petiole } in. Flowers crowded, white; pedicels }-4 in.; bracteoles several,
scaly, basal Sepals orbicular. Petals 4 in., broad ovate. Outer stamens sometimes
Without anthers. Ripe carpels 1 in. diam., globose, glabrous, subsessile.

4 B. coriacea, M. f. £ T.; leaves ovate-lanceolate acute or subacute,
Owers 1-3 2-sexual, stamens 9, ovaries 1-2, Orophea coriacea, Z'hwaites
Enum. 8; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 71.

Cevrox, Central Province, alt. 3000 ft., T'hwaites.

A middle-sized tree. Leaves 3-6 by 14-23 in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, dark
green above, pale beneath ; petiole $z-8 in. Flowers jin. diam., terminal in cauline
pedicels 1 in., bracteoles basal, strizose. Sepals minute, deltoid, ciliate. Petals orbi-
cular, outer purple outside, orange-brown inside; inner connivent, dark purple,

mes 2-0 ed. Carpels 4 in. diam., obliquely subglobose, glabrous, subsessile.—We f
remove this and the following from Orophea to Bocagea on account of the habit and
*pparently imbricate outer petals; the inner petals have no claws,

5. B. obliqua, X. f. € T. ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or acumi-
nate, flowers 1-3 together 2-sexual terminal or cauline, pedicels very short,
ins 6 in 2series, ovaries 3. Orophea? obliqua, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 112;

hwaites Enum. 8 3 Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 72.

Cerros, in the Galle and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c.

+ middle-sized tree. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., coriaceous, base oblique, pale beneath;
petiole 3, in, Flowers minute, purple. Sepals ciliate. Petals orbicular, outer
qresding, Inner connivent (imbricate or subvalvate, Tw.) Ovaries 2-ovuled, stigmas

epressed, Carpels 4 in. diam., red-brown.

24, KINGS TONIA, H. f. & T.

A tree. Flowers fascicled on cauline tubercles, 2-sexual. Sepals 3, bases
connate ovate, acute persistent. Petals 6; outer ovate, valvate; inner
aller, oblong, imbricate. Stamens about 12, filaments half the length of

e extrorse anther-cells ; connective obliquely truncate. Ovary 1; stigma

sei, Peltate, crenate; ovules few. Ripe carpel globose. Seeds several,
e,

elab K. nervosa, 77. f. & T. ; leaves elliptic or linear-oblong acuminate
rous or puberulous on the nerves beneath.

Matacca, Maingay. . .
tori ranches Woody, young rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded thin,
Fin ot, opaque ; nerves many oblique strong; petiole } in., pubescent. F wer
orbicula®’ In fascicles of 8-10; peduncles 3-4 in., slender, rusty-pubescent; bracts sma

sp basal, imbricate. pals 1, in. ferruginous. Petals ashy-pubescent, sub-

t ; Inner one-third smaller. Carpels 1 in. diam., on stout woody peduncles, densely

oute, omentose ; walls very thick.— Differs from Bocagea in the valvate not orbicular
* Petals, smaller inner, solitary carpel, and pubescent branches.

25. LONCHOMERA, H. f. & T.

A tree, Leaves shini 1 1 £: i ] S ls 3,
hining. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles. «pat
broad-ovate, acute, Petals 6, in 2 series ; outer lanceolate, flat, spreading,

94 IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Lonchomera.

valvate'; inner smaller and broader. Stamens 8-12, loosely imbricate, broadly
cuneate, thick ; anther-cells lateral, introrse. Torus small, slightly concave,
pubescent. Ovary solitary, glabrous, sessile, contracted into a very short

style, stigma subcapitate ; ovules 2, superposed. “ Ripe carpels elliptic, api-
` eulate, succulent, glabrous, 2-seeded. Seeds plano-convex ; testa osseous.”
Maingay.

1. E. leptopoda, H. f. & T. ; leaves oblong or elliptic obtusely acumi-
nate or acute.

Maracca, Maingay.

A middle-sized tree; branches black, young granulate. Leaves 24-4 by 1-14 in,
concclorous, hardly shining, thin, coriaceous, base rounded or acute, reticulate on bot
surfaces, nerves very slender, subhorizontal; petiole 1 in., slender, naked. lowers
J in. long ; peduncles 2-6, 1-2 in., hoary ; bracts small, basal, obtuse. Sepals connate
below, tomentose. Petals tomentose on both surfaces, inner like the outer but one-third
shorter and much broader. Ovary ovoid.—The fruits enclosed in a cover with the
specimens do not accord with Maingay’s character (see Genus), they are 11-13 in. long,
elliptic-ovoid, top rounded, base rather contracted, walls obscurely warted. |
oblong-cylindric, apparently enclosed in a dry aril which adheres vertically to one side of
the cavity; albumen horny, slightly ruminated; enibryo half the length of the see
cotyledons linear-oblong, thin ; radicle cylindric, } the length of the cotyledons.

Order V. MENISPERMACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Climbing or twining rarely sarmentose shrubs. eaves alternate, entire
or lobed, usually palminerved ; stipules 0. Flowers small or minute, $011-
tary fascicled cymose or racemed, dicecious, sometimes 3-bracteolate.

6 (rarely 1-4, or 9-12), usually free, imbricate in 2-4 series, outer 0 ten
minute. Petals 6 (rarely 0 or 1-5), free or connate. £ FLOWERS: Stamens
hypogynous, usually one opposite each petal, filaments free or connate ;
anthers free or connate, 2-celled. Rudimentary carpels small or 0. 9 FLOWERS:
Staminodes 6 or 0, Ovaries 3 (rarely 1, or 6-12); style terminal, simple or
divided ; ovules solitary (2 in Fibraurea), usually amphitropous. Ape
carpels drupaceous, with the style-scar subterminal, or by excentric grow
subbasal Seed usually hooked or reniform, often curved round an intr
sion of the endocarp (condyle, Miers), albumen even or ruminate or 0; Coty-
ledons flat or semiterete, foliaceous or fleshy, appressed or spreading—
large tropical Order ; genera 32 ; speciés about 100.

In this order we adhere to the classification of the genera, and limitation of the spe
cies, adopted in our Flora Indica (1855), at variance as these are with our friend Mr.
Miers’ views (Contributions to Botany, iii, 1871); this we do after the carefu exe,
mination of the Order by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. 1862), a further study ¢
the Indian species by one of us in their native jungles and in the Calcutta Botanic
Garden, and a review of Eichler's valuable monograph of the Brazilian gpecies n
Martius’ Floia Brasiliensis (1864). The divergence between Mr. Miers’ conclusions 4
our own amounts to his adopting for the Indian plants of the Order, 6 tribes, 26 oq
and upwards of 90 species, as against our 4 tribes, 19 genera, and 35 species. d
far from affirming that a few of our 35 species may not embrace two or more, :
we find no evidence of this in the materials upon which Mr. Miers and ourselves ha
worked.

TRIBE I. Tinospores. Flowers 3-merous, Ovaries usually 3. Drupe
with a subterminal rarely ventral or subbasal style-scar. Seed oblong 3
sub, lobos, albumen copious or scanty ; cotyledons foliaceous, usually sP
ing laterally.

V. MENISPERMACEZE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 95

* Drupes with a terminal or subterminal style-scar.

Sepals 12 ; filaments connate 1. AsPIDOCARYA.
Sepals 6; filaments connate . EN 2. PARABENA.
Sepals 6; petals 6; filaments free. . . . . . . .*. 8. Trnospora.
Sepals 9; petals 6; filaments free . 4. TINOMISCIUM.
Sepals 6; petals 0; filaments free . 5. FiBRAUREA.
* Drupes with a subbasal style-scar.
Bepals 6 ; filaments all connate 6. ANAMIRTA,
Sepals 9; outer filaments free . 7. CosciN1UM.

TRIBE IL Coccules. Flowers 3-merous. Ovaries usually 3. Drupe

with a subbasal rarely subterminal style-scar. Seed horse-shoe shaped,
bumen copious ; embryo slender, cotyledons linear or slightly dilated.
Petals 6, minute; ovaries 3-12; style subulate . . . . . 8. TILIACORA.

Petals 5-8 ovaries 3; styles compressed. . . . . . . 9. Limacia.
etals 6; ovaries 3-6 ; styles subulate . . . . . . + + 10. CoccuLus.
Petals 6; ovaries 3; styles forked . . . . . . . + + ll. PeRICAMPYLUS.

Pm Ill. Cissampelideee. Flowers 3-5-merous. Ovaries usually
Hath Drupe with a subbasal style-scar ; endocarp dorsally muricate or

nate, Seed horse-shoe shaped, albumen scanty ; embryo linear, cotyle-
Ons appressed,

Sepals 6-10, free; petals of & and 9 3-5 free. . . . . . 12. STEPHANIA.

enis 4, free; petals of & 4 connate, of 9 1 . . . . . . 13. CissaMPELos.
pals 4-8, connate; petals of £ of 4-8 connate, of 91 . . 14. CYcLEA.
pals 4-8, connate; petals of £ 0, of 9 2 saccate . . . . 15. LoPHoPHYLLUM.

Tuis IV. Pachygoneæ. Flowers usually 3-merous. Ovaries usually
infe rupes with a subbasal or ventral style-scar. Seed curved hooked or
xed, albumen 0 ; cotyledons thick fleshy.

; Sepals, petals and stamens, 6 each . . . . . . + + . 16. PACHYGONE.
Sepals and petals 6 each; stamens 9 . . . . + + + + 17. PYCNARRHENA.
Pals 9-12 ; petals and stamens 6 each . . . . . + + 18. HÆMATOCARPUS.
pals 8; petals 2; stamens 4 . . . . | l 1: + + 19. ANTITAXIS.

1. ASPIDOCARYA, H. f. & T.

bs imber Flowers in slender panicles. Sepals 12, 2-4-seriate, inner
top 3 Petals 6, short, cuneate. Mare fl. : Anthers 6, encircling the
N d staminal column, bursting transversely. FEMALE fl.: Stam-
pressed” clavate. Ovaries 3; stigmas subcapitate. Drupes dorsally com-
not inc» P le-scar terminal; endocarp much compressed, keeled dorsally,
ruded, margins winged, toothed. Seed oblong, flat ; cotyledons folia-

Ceo Fanaa
Us, base divaricate, then parallel.

l. A. uvifer ü
ifera, 77. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 180 ; leaves subpeltate ovate-cordate,
ters Contrib, iii. 58, 8, |

§ :
; repica] forests of Sixxim, alt. 1-5000 ft., H. f. & T. . ; ;
Smetime, Oder, terete. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., long-acuminate, tip obtuse, -
1-8 in, Ws Sagittate, nerves beneath hairy; petiole 3-4 in., € lindric. enr es
ap woody, fragile 2 greenish, ciliate. Petals concave. upes ł-1 in. ; en-

; 2 PARABIENA, Miers.
A climber

juice milky, Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes. Sepals 6,
Nbequal. Petals much smaller Mars fl: Anthers 6, horizontal, encircling

96 | Y- MENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) ([Parabena.

the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. FEMALE fl. : Stam-
nodes 6, cylindric. Ovaries 3 ; styles subulate, recurved. Drupes ovoid, style-
scar subterminal ; endocarp subglobose, dorsally spinulose, ventrally con-
cave. Seed pitted, curved, ventrally concave ; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate,
spreading.

1, P. sagittata, Miers Contrib. iii. 57, t. 98 ; leaves cordate or sagit-
tate obtusely acuminate. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 181. P. oleracea, petero-
phylla, and ferruginea, Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 39. Cissampelos
sagittata, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4983. C. oleracea, Wall. Cat. 4984.

Tropical forests, from Nipat and the KHASIA HILLS, to AvA and CHITTAGONG. ,

Glabrous pubescent or softly tomentose; branchlets grooved. Leaves 2-8 by 2-41n.,
5-7 nerved, young sinuate-toothed, older entire; petiole 3—4 in. (mes usually ge
minate, many-flowered. Flowers minute. Sepals subacute. Petals obovate-cuneate,
tip often 3-lobed. Drupes greenish.

3. TINOSPORA, Miers.

Climbing shrubs, Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or _ panicles.
Sepals 6, 2-seriate, inner larger membranous. Petals 6, smaller. Mate f. :
Stamens 6, filaments free, tips thickened ; anther-cells obliquely adnate,
bursting obliquely, FEMALE fl. : Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3 ; stigmas
forked. Drupes 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat ; style-scar subterminal ;

endocarp rugose, dorsally keeled, ventrally concave. Seed grooved ventrally .

or curved round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp, albumen ventrally rumi-
nate; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading.—Distris, Species about 8
tropical Asiatic and African.

1. T. tomentosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 33; leaves orbicular-cordate more
or less 3-lobed pubescent above tomentose beneath. H. f. & T. Fl. I
183. Cocculus tomentosus, Coleb. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xiii. 59; Wall.
4956. Menisp. tomentosum, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 813.

Tropical thickets in BENGAL, Roxburgh, and Ava, Wallich.

Bark pustular; shoots tomentose. aves 3-6 in. diam., tomentose on both surfaces ;
petiole as long. acemes usually simple, solitary or fascicled. Flowers fascicled 1n
the axils of deciduous bracts. Drupes pisiform, orange-yellow, endocarp tubercled.

2. T. malabarica, Miers Contrib. iii. 32 ; leaves ovate-cordate acum '
nate pubescent above almost woolly beneath. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 18»
Menisp. malabaricum, Zamk. Cocculus malabaricus, DC. Prodr. i. 97; We
Cat. 4969. Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 19.

Western PENINSULA; SIKKIM; KHASIA HILLS and CHITTAGONG. .

Branchlets clothed with white hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., 7-nerved; petiole 4 I»
terete, hairy. Racemes 3-6 in.; flowers green. Drupes red.—Miers distinguishes
the Khasia and Chittagong specimens as var. scabridula.

3. T. crispa, Miers Contrib. ii. 34; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong .

acuminate glabrous, stamens adnate to the base of the petals, dru elliptic
oblong. Z.f.d T. Fl. Ind. 183. Menispermum crispum, L. M. vd rrucostm,
Roab. Fl. Ind. ii. 808. M. tuberculatum, Lamk. Cocculus crispus, DC.
Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 A, B.

From SILHET and Assam to Peau and Manacca.—Distris. Malay Islands.

Bark warted ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-4 in., entire or repand, sometimes sab
sagittate, basal lobes distant; petiole 1-3in. Racemes 4-8 in., on the old wood, 80
or fascicled. Flowers 2-3 in the axils of ovate fleshy bracts, š in.long, green, campanulal®

|

Tinospora.) v. MENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 97

Anthers square. Drupes size of an olive, pale yellow.—Miers distinguishes the Khasia
plant as var. nitidiuscula, probably a distinct species.

4 T. cordifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 31 ; leaves cordate glabrous, sta-
mens free, ripe carpels pisiform. T. palminervis, Miers Lc 31. Menisp.
cordifolium, Willd. ; Roxb, Fl, Ind. iii. 811. Cocculus cordifolius, DC. Prodr.
197; Wall. Cat, 4955; W. £ A. Prodr.12; Wight Ic. t. 385, 486. C. con-
Volvulacens, DO. Prodr. i 97. ©. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 C, D, E ;

heede Hort, Mal. vii. t. 21.

Throughout tropical India, from Kumaon to Assam and Brrma, and from Benar and

NCAN to CEYLON and the Canxaric. . .

Bar k corky; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., acute or acuminate; petiole
li-3in. Racemes exceeding the leaves, axillary terminal or on the old wood ; bracts
subulate. Flowers yellow, males fascicled, females usually solitary, glabrous. Petals
cuneate. Anthers oblong. Drupes size of a pea or small cherry, red.

XE J uliginosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 35 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong
acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, veins reticulate, drupe as in Z°
crepa, but endocarp thinner. |
' SINCAPORE, Maingay. ; ;

amgay's mss. contain an excellent analysis of the fruit of this and T. crispa, and
the only difference between them that I perceive is that the endocarp of this is thin and
‘Tustaceous, with a deeper longitudinal groove; the cotyledons are somewhat crumpled
in bot : The leaves are less shining than in the original T. uliginosa of Java, the fruit
of which is undescribed.

4, TINOMISCIUM, Miers.

b A scandent shrub, juice milky. Flowers racemed. Sepals 9, with 3
e Petals 6, oblong, margins incurved. MALE fl. : Stamens 6, filaments

ttened ; anthers oblong, adnate, bursting vertically. Rudimentary carpels
3 Fem, į.: unknown. Drupes much compressed, ovoid-oblong, style-
Nar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, dorsally convex, ventrally flat
or slightly concave, not intruded. Seed almost flat, oblong; cotyledons
dite flat, nearly as broad as the thin layer of albumen, very thin, closely
4ppressed ; radicle short cylindric.—Distris. 3 E. Asiatic species.

l. T. petiolare Miers Contrib. iii. 45, t. 94; leaves ovate-oblong
coriaceous, JZ. f dT. Fl. Ind. 205, Cocculus petiolaris, Wall. Cat. 6964.

Pexaxa, Wallich; S ;
; SINCAPORE, Maingay.

,, ong shoots brown.tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-4 in, ovate-oblong, obtuse or
"uminate, glabrous, very coriaceous, base truncate or rounded, reticulate between the
aid nerves ; petiole 3-4 in. Racemes 4-10 in., on tubercles in the upper racemes, or

emate along the branches, brown-tomentose ; flowers minute, solitary or fascicled ;
p Icels short, Sepals puberulous. Petals notched. Drupes 3-1 in., endocarp thick
prom Foliage very similar indeed to that of Fibraurea tinctoria, but nervules beneath

hent, reticulate,

“a ere are two flowerless plants in Hook. Herb., both collected by Griffith, and per-
- species of Tinomiscium; one has membranous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate enves,
acu inat in. Jong, with a very woody endocarp; the other has broad ovate-cor ato

minate membranous leaves, and similar but flatter fruit with a thin endocarp ; this

t closely resembles 7' javanicum, Miers.

A Yo. 5. PFIBRAUREA, Loureiro. :
45 climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, -
Mni owers in large axillary panicles, dicecious. Sepa 6, with

*

98 v. MENISPERMACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Fibraurea.

3 minute bracts, inner larger. Petals 0, MALE fl.: Stamens 6, filamen
clavate; anthers terminal, adnate, cells spreading, bursting vertically.
FEMALE fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3, ovoid, 2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, punc-
tiform. Drupes 3, l-seeded, oblong, terete, style-scar subterminal ; endo
carp oblong, dorsally convex, ventrally flattened and channelled, hardly
intruded. Seed oblong, terete, reniform on a transverse section, albumen
copious, horny ; cotyledons foliaceous, longitudinally curved, oblong, very
thin ; radicle short, cylindric.

1. F. tinctoria, Lour. Fl. Coch. ii. 769; leaves 3-nerved from the
base or above the base. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 204. F. tinctoria, fasciculata,
and chloroleuca, Miers Contrib. iii. 41, 42, t. 93. Cocculus Fibraurea, DC.
Prodr. i. 99.

Pexaxe, Phillips; Mavacca, Grifith.—DisrRIB. Cochin-China, Borneo. ck

Branches pale; bark lax. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., elliptic-ovate or oblong, pes
coriaceous, obtusely acuminate, shining above, pale beneath, 3-plinerved from the =
or above it; petiole 14-3 in., striate, subangular. Panicles often fascicled, muc
branched from the base, buds globose ; fruiting panicle 1 ft., woody ; peduncles ies
Drupes 1 in.—We await evidence of there being more than one known species of €
genus, pending which we adhere to the opinion expressed in Flora Indica. Leaves ike
those of Tinomiscium petiolare, but not reticulate beneath. ; As Griffith (mss 1n Hen
Hook.) correctly observes, there are 2 superposed ovules in each ovary, of which the
upper only becomes a seed.

6 ANAMIRTA, Colebrooke.

A climbing shrub. Flowers panicled. Sepals 6, with 2 appressed bracts.
Petals 0. MALE fl. : Anthers sessile, on a stout column, 2-celled bursting trans-
versely. Fem. fl. : Staminodes 9, clavate, l-seriate. Ovaries 3, on a shor
gynophore ; stigma subcapitate, reflexed. Drupes on a 3-fid gynophore,
obliquely ovoid, dorsally gibbous, style-scar subbasal; endocarp woody:
Seed globose, embracing the subglobose hollow intruded endocarp, albumen

dense, of horny granules ; embryo curved, cotyledons narrow-oblong thin,
spreading.

1, A. Cocculus, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 446 ; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate
rarely oblong-ovate. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 185. A. paniculata, Coleb, A.
flavescens and toxifera, Miers Contrib. iii. 51. Menisp. Cocculus, Lens
Roxb, Fl. Ind, iii. 807. M. heteroclitum, Roxb. l.c. 817. Cocculus JacunosTe
DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. suberosus, DC. Lc. ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 11; Wall. Cat.
4954. C. populifolius, DC. l.c.

Eastern BENGAL; KHASIA HILLS; Assam; and from Concan and Orissa to CEYLON:
—Disrris. Malayan Islands. ef,

Dark corky ; shoots stout, glabrous, striate. Leaves 4-8 in. long, as broad or narrow ]
acute or acuminate, base rarely acute, glabrous above, hairy in the nerve-axils beneath,
base 3-nerved ; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles on the old branches, 1-14 ft., pendulous:
Flowers } in. diam., glabrous. Sepals deciduous. Drupes % in., black, glabrous.

7. COSCINIUM, Colebrooke.

Climbing shrubs. Flowers in dense globose heads. Sepals 6, with a brach
orbicular. Petals 3, large, spreading, elliptic. MALE fl. : Stamens 6, filamen”
cylindric, 3 inner connate to the middle; anthers adnate, outer 1- inner n:
celled, bursting vertically. FEM. fl.: Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3-6, subglobose;
styles subulate, reflexed. Drupes globose ; endocarp bony. Seed. globos

Coscinium.] v. MENISPERMACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 99

embracing a globose intrusion of the endocarp ; albumen fleshy, ruminate
in the ventral face; embryo straight, cotylédons orbicular, spreading, thin
sinuate, laciniate, or fenestrate.—DrsTRIB. Species 2; tropical Asiatic.

J. C. fenestratum, Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 65; leaves
slightly peltate suborbicular yellow-tomentose beneath, heads umbelled,
cotyledons laciniate. Miers in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4658; Contrib. ii. 22,
188; H. f. d: T. Fl. Ind. 178. C. Wallichianum and Wightianum, Miers in
Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 37. Menisp. fenestratum, Gertn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 103 ;
Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 809. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 4971 (partly).
Pereira medica, Lindl. Fl. Med. 370.

Western Peninsuna, Herb. Wight.; Mavavea, Maingay; Sıncarore, Wallich;
EYLoN, Central and Southern provinces. (Specimens all imperfect.) .
oung shoots hoary-tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by 4-6 in., young oblong-deltoid ob-
scurely peltate, acuminate, glabrous above, hoary and reticulate beneath ; petiole 3-5 in.
Heads 1-3 in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. Flowers green. Petals orbicular, acute, and
sepals persistent, Drupes 1-3, 4 in. diam., subglobose, villous.—Perhaps 3 species are
confounded here; Wight’s has smaller broader and more membranous leaves, whiter
beneath ; the Malayan are more tomentose.

2 €. Blumeanum, Miers Contrib. iii. 23 ; leaves deeply peltate thick
gaceous ovate or oblong white-tomentose beneath, heads racemed.
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 179. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 5971 (partly).

PENANG, SixcaponE and Matacca, Wallich, &c. .

ranches woolly. Leaves 7-12 by 3-6 in., peltate, obtuse or acuminate, dark green
and shining above ; petiole 3-5 in. Racemes 3-4 in., stout, tomentose, peduncles 1 in.

Maingay’s collection contains fruits of a Coscinium from Malacca, of which he de-
Scribes the cotyledons as fenestrate; the carpels are 14-14 in. diam., globose, bright
Yellow, sarcocarp very thick, endocarp woody ; seed $ in. diam., albumen so hard that
ee have failed to remove the cotyledons so as to verify Maingay's description ; it was
accompanied with leaves and flowers of Fibraurea (Distrib. Hb. Maingay, 115).
pelta ourth species in Maingay’s herbarium has leaves like C! fenestratum, but more

te, pale brown beneath, with very appressed pubescence; a similar plant grows in
Java and Sumatra. , y app p ;

8. TILIACORA, Colebrooke.

A climbing shrub. Flowers in axillary panicles, dicecious or polygamous.
. € ,

Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer much smaller., Y Petals 6, minute, cuneate. MALE
tamens 6, filaments subcylindric; anthers adnate, bursting vertically.

Drunes ¢ dimentary carpels 3. Ovaries 3-12; styles short, subulate.
thin à obovoid, pedicelled, subcompressed, style-scar subbasal ; en ocarp
rumi °oscurely ribbed, grooved on both sides. Seed hooked, albumen oily,

nate ; cotyledons linear, fleshy, plano-convex, appressed.

l T. racemosa, Cole). in Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii. 67; leaves ovate or
OVate-cor, d

:i date acuminate. Miers Contrib. iii. 76, t. 104. T. fraternaria,

pe bidiformis and abnormalis, Miers lc. 77, 78. "T. acuminata, Miers m

radia dnn, Ser, 2, vi. 39; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 187. Menisp. acuminatum anc

ir atum, Lamk: M. polycarpum, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus acu-
wal» DC. Prodr. i. 99; W. £ A. Prodr. i. 12. C. radiatus, DC. Lc. 99.
o Yearpus, Wall. Cat, 4958 (excl. K. L.)—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 3.

Sic ughont tropical India, from Oupe and Benea, to Coxcaw, Orissa, CEYLON and

APORE.—Digrrip, Java. i

100 v. MENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Tiliacora.

Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 14-34 in., ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base
acute truncate rounded or subcordate, thin, margin undulate; petiole 4-1 in. Pan
6-12 in., hoary, at length glabrous; branches 1 in., male 3-7-flowered, female po
1-flowered ; bracts oblong or subulate ; flowers yellow. Drupes $ in., red.—Mr. ren
(Contributions, l.c.) attributes to us the error of substituting in the Flora Indice bred
specific name of acuminata for Colebrooke's prior name of racemosa; 1n this W
followed his paper in Taylor's Annals.

9. LIMACIA, Loureiro.

Climbing shrubs. Flowers in panicles, Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller.
Petals 6 (or 3%) much smaller, auricled, embracing ‘the stamens. MALE fl.:
Stamens 3-9 ; anthers adnate, bursting vertically. FEM. fl.: Staminodes 6,
clavate. Ovaries 3 ; styles short, compressed. Drupes obovoid or reniform,
style-scar subbasal ; endocarp 3-celled, 2 lateral cells empty. Seed elongate,
embracing the intruded endocarp; embryo slender, cotyledons elongate,
3-terete, appressed.—Distrip, Tropical Asia and Africa.

* Sepals 8-12, inner imbricate. Hypserpa, Miers,

1, L. cuspidata, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 189; leaves ovate or oblong-
lanceolate acuminate glabrous. Cocculus cuspidatus, Wall. Cat. 4960.

Hypserpa cuspidata, prevaricata, pauciflora and uniflora, Miers Contrib, iü.
102-107, t. 108,

Tropical forests of EASTERN BENGAL, the Eastern PENINSULA, and Crxrox.—Di*
TRIB. Malayan Archipelago. b

Branchlets striate, pubescent. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 in., thin, shining, 3-nerved, base
rounded or cuneate, old glabrous ; petiole 4-1 in. Panicles axillary and pe

solitary or geminate, female simple shorter; bracts minute, subulate. (pes 3 V
ong.

** Sepals 6-9, inner valvate or subvalvate.

2. L. triandra, Miers Contrib. iii. 112 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute
glabrous, panicles 1-1} in. racemed shorter than the leaves, stamens ç
H. FK. & T. Fl. Ind. 188. L. Amherstiana and Wailichiana, Miers Lc. 1
113. Menisp. triandrum, ogb. Fl. Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus triandrus,
brooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 64; Wall. Cat. 4962, 4959 C, 4958 L.

From Prev and TENAssERIM to PENANG. base

Branches puberulous, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by 3—4 in., thin, triplinerved, red
rounded; petiole 4 in. Panicle puberulous ; bracts minute, deciduous, 3-5-flowere®

flowers very minute, yellow. Outer sepals minute, inner oblong. Filaments cuneate
oblong, fleshy ; anther-cells spreading.

3. L. oblonga, Miers Contrib. iii. 109; branches pubescent, Itl
oblong or lanceolate glabrous, panicle 3-8 in., stamens 6.—H. f. & 1.
Ind. 189. Cocculus oblongus, Wall. Cat, 4963.

PENANG, Maracca, and Sixcarong, Wallich, &c. te of

Pubescence fulvous. Leaves 3-8 by 1-44 in., acute or acuminate, base subscr
rounded; petiole $-13 in., and nerves beneath pubescent. Panicles supra-axilan s
female solitary, males 2-3 superposed, branches 1-2 in. Outer sepals minute, !
thick, tomentose, subvalvate. Drupes subglobose. ,

4. L. velutina, Miers Contrib. iii. 110; stem velvety, leaves oblon
or ovate-oblong tomentose beneath or on both surfaces, panicles few-flower Le
stamens 6. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 189. L, distincta and inornata, J
ui. t. 109. Cocculus velutinus, Wall. Cat. 4970.

Limacia] — v. wmENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 101

From Mercor to Maracca, PENANG and SINCAPORE, &c.

Pubescence yellowish. Leaves 2-6 by 4-4 in., variable, obtuse acute or rounded,
base rounded or acute, triple-nerved, usually glabrous above ; petiole 4-1 1 in. Panicles
axillary or supra-axillary, solitary few or many, tomentose, flowers villous. Inner
sepals orbicular, valvate. Drupes 1 in. long, obovoid, compressed, glabrous.

Aristega levifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 376, t. 151, a plant collected by Helfer in the
Andamans, or in Moulmein, and of which male flowers alone are known, is probably a

8-petalous Limacia.
10. COCCULUS, DC.

Climbing or sarmentose shrubs, rarely suberect. Petiole not dilated at
the base, Flowers panicled. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller. Petals 6,
smaller, usually auricled. Marx fl.: Stamens embraced by the. petals,
anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely. Fem. fl: Staminodes 6
(T0. Ovaries 3-6; styles usually cylindric. Drupes laterally compressed ;
endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally keeled and tubercled, sides excavate.

d curved, albumen fleshy ; embryo annular, cotyledons linear, flat, ap-
pressed.—DrsrRrg, All warm climates.

l. C. macrocarpus, W. £ A. Prodr. 13; leavessuborbicular glabrous
long-petioled, panicles 6-12 in., drupes obovoid-oblong. H. f. £ T. P Ind.
I1; ] wht HL i.t. 7. Diploclisia macrocarpa, lepida, inclyta an De

“ervis, Miers Contrib. iii. 280-284, t. 197. Quinio cocculoides, Schlecht, in
linnea xxvi, 739,

tom the Concan southwards, and in Cryton.—Disrris. China.
Branchlets dark grey, striate. Leaves 2-3 in., rather broader than long, S-nerved,
use retuse or rarely acute, subrepand, glaucous beneath, base truncate or coro o» ;
petiole 2-4 in. Panieles chiefly in the old branches; flowers corymbose or fascicled,
% axillary. Sepals membranous, and 3-lobed petals streaked with purple. Drupe
i., endocarp thin, woody. |

2 C. laurifolius DC. Prodr. i. 100; a tree, leaves lanceolate short-
petioled shining, panicles axillary shorter than the leaves. Deless. Jc Sel.
Rog 97} Wall. Cat. 4965; H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 191. Menisp. laurifo lium,
ro» : l. Ind. iii, 815. Holopeira laurifolia, australis and fusiformis, Mer.

ontrib. iii. 276,

an Javea Harara, alt. 2500 ft., from Nipal to Jamu, Wallich, &c.—DIsTRIB.
va (cult. ?).
bo nk short ; branches pendulous, angled, striate, smooth, branchlets bearded rin
Panini 2°68 3-6 by 1-14 in., coriaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved ; petio d Bowers
minute. 12 a solitary or 2 superposed, corymbose, male largest; bracts an

` S€pals acute.
endocarp fragile, rugose.

Jap

Petals 2-lobed. Styles reflexed. Drupes minute, globose ;

hyo; Villosus D od. i. 98: branchlets villous, leaves ovate-oblong
Subdeltoig villous, Qd i. 98; br panicles, fem. 1-3 axillary rarely
C sec, Wall. Cat. 4957; W. & A. Prod. 13; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 193.
loehig, DY Coleb, in Trans, Linn. Soc, xiii. 58. C. hastatus ane io
Linn DC. l.c. 98, Menisp. villosum, Lamk. (not Hoxb.). M. villosa,
leviuse Roxb. Fl. Tad. iii 814, M. myosotoides, Zinn. Holopeira

<< and auriculata, Miers Contrib. iii. 271—273, t. 126. va to
Maran dont tropical and subtropical India, from the base of wx iu Trop.
Africa, * and Prog (absent in the Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon):—DISTRIB.

Leaves 2_3 b btuse and mucronate,
ima, a Y 14-2 in. ti bl late, retuse or obtu d
Netimes B lobed pog! Puboordete or truncata young villous on both surfaces; pe

102 Y. MENISPERMACEZ (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Coceulus.

tiole 4 in. Panicles loosely villous; bracts minute, linear. Drupes black-purple, endo-
carp acutely keeled, tubercled.

4, C. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4973 ; branchlets pubescent, leaves ovate acute
or acuminate white and villous beneath, panicles few-flowered. Nephroica
mollis, Miers Contrib, iii. 265.

Nirvan, Wallich; KHASIA ums, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T.

Branchlets striate. Leaves 2-4 by 14-24 in., of shoots often obtuse, base cordate or
truncate, bright green above, at length glabrate; petiole 3-1 in. Panicles axillary or
nearly so, on a tomentose tubercle, shorter than the leaves, males irregular cymose,
cymes 4—7-flowered, bracts filiform; females 1-3-flowered. Petals notched. Drupes
pisiform, compressed ; endocarp keeled, with 4 rows of tubercles.

5. C. Leæba, DC. Prodr. i. 99; branchlets puberulous, leaves linear-
oblong oblong or trapezoid entire or lobed glabrate, flowers fascicled in the
axils, females subsolitary. ZZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 192; Miers Contrib. iii. 256.
C. levis, Wall. Cat. 4975. C. glabra, W. & A. Prodr.i.13; Miers l.c. 957.
C. recisus, Miers l.c. 258.

Drier parts of Western India; the Punsas, SiwpH, and the CangNATIC.— DISTRIP.
Affghanistan, Arabia, trop. and subtrop. Africa.

Branchlets long, slender. Leaves 4-14 by 1-3 in., very variable, angles rounded,
sometimes 3—5-lobed, usually obtuse and mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, young
hoary, old often glaucous on both surfaces; pedicels 4-1 in. Flowers fascicled on
woody tubercles, pedicels 1-flowered, males dense. Drupes j5-4 in.

1l. PERICAMP'YLUS, Miers.

_ A climbing shrub. Leaves subpeltate, petioles slender, articulate. Flowers
in axillary cymes. Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, outer smaller, inner spathulate.
Petals 6, cuneate. Mate fl.: Stamens 6, filaments cylindric ; anthers ad-
nate, bursting transversely. FEMALE fl: Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries
3; styles 2-partite, segments subulate, Drupes subglobose; endocarp
horseshoe-shaped, dorsally crested and echinate, sides excavated. Seed
curved ; cotyledons elongate flat, scarcely broader than the radicle.

1. P. incanus, Miers Contrib. iii. 118, t. 3; leaves suborbicular ob-
tuse acute or retuse. P. aduncus, assamicus and membranaceus, Miers t.6.
119-122, Cocculus ineanus, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xii. 57. Cissam-
pelos mauritiana, Wall. Cat. 4980 (not of DC.) Menisp. villosum, Rosh.
Fl. Ind. iii. 812 (not of Lamk.).

Sikkim, Assam, the KHASIA HILLS, Cairracone and throughout the EasTERN
PENINSULA.— DISTRIB. Java.

Branchlets tomentose, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., base truncate or sub-
cordate; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3-chotomous, often many and superposed ; pe

duncles 1-2 in., axillary, many-flowered; bracts subulate. Sepals villous. Petals acute
or obtuse, margins incurved. — Drupes red.

12. STEPHANIA, Loureiro.

Climbing shrubs. eaves usually peltate. Flowers in axillary, cymose
umbels. MALE fl.: Sepals 6-10, free, ovate or obovate. Petals 3-5, obovate,
fleshy. Anthers 6, connate, encircling the top of the staminal column
bursting transversely. Fem. fl.: Sepals 3-5. Petals of the male. Stam
nodes 0, Ovary 1; style 3-6-partite. Drupe glabrous; endocarp com-
pressed, horseshoe-shaped, dorsally tubercled, sides hollowed and per
forated. Seed almost annular ; cotyledons long, slender, 3-terete, appress
—Distris. Tropics of the Old World.

Stephania.) | v. MENISPERMACEH. (Hook. f.-& Thoms.) 103

l. S. hernandifolia, Walp. Rep. i. 96; branchlets glabrous, Jesves
ovate or subdeltoid acute obtuse or acuminate, umbels capitate. JI. f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 196; Miers Contrib. iii. 222. S. intertexta, latifolia, and hypo-
glauca, Miers Lc, 224, 226, 227. Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd. d P
Prodr. i. 100; Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 842: Wall. Cat. 4977 D, E, F, G, LE
C. discolor, DC. Lc, i 101. C. hexandra, Roxb. Le. iii. 842, Clypea her-
nandifolia, W, £ A. Prod. i. 14 ; Wight Ic. t. 939.

From NipAr to CHITTAGONG, Sincarore, and Ceyton.—Disrris. Malay Islands, trop.
Australia, Africa,

ranchlets striate. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., base truncate or subcordate, glabrous or
thinly pubescent below only or on both surfaces, pale or glaucous beneath; petio e +
tin. Peduncles axillary, short or long; rays 8-12, with subulate bracts. Phe
obovate, obtuse. Petals 3-4. Drupes red—There are two marked varieties, ad
Northern and Eastern, with peduncles and leaves beneath more or less pubescent, a
the Western one with these parts nearly glabrous.

leaves
2 S. elegans, 77. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 195; branchlets glabrous, 5
elongate-deltoid acuminate base truncate or cordate, umbels lax long
Peduncled. Miers Contrib, iii. 227.

gj PmtoncaL HIMALAYA from Kumaon to Sıxgım, alt. 6-7000 ft. ; KHASIA HILLS,

ranches slender, angled. Leaves 21-4 by 1-2} in., sometimes obtuse, thin, cona-
rg pale beneath; petiole 1-2 in., slender. Umbels with many rays, so

t : tals
nched; flowers purple or greenish, odour heavy. Sepals acuminate. Peta
obovate, Drupe small, red.

' broad-
3, S. rotunda, Zour, FI Coch. 747 ; branchlets glabrous, leaves b

ovate or suborbicular often repand or sinuate-lobed glabrous, umbels in lax
Ymes, H. f 4 T. Fl. Ind. 197 ; Miers Contrib. iii. 215. C. longa ( at
specimens), japonica, Roxburghiana, glabra and glandulifera, M pln P n
»* 119. Cocculus Roxburghianus, Wall. Cot. 4972 (not of Cissampelos

:ETOdr, i. 450 in note. (Y Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat, 4974. ow T
Sabra, oz, PL Ind, iii, 840. Clypea Wightii, Arn. in Wight IU. i. 22. P

Rene and Temperate HIMALAYA, ascending to 7000 ft., from Srxpm eastwa

: - NSULA.— DISTRIB.
Si © AHASIA HILLS and Preu. Southern hills of the WEsrERN PENINSU
lam, Coc 1n-China,

oats subglobose. Leaves 3-7 in. diam., obtuse acute or acuminate, pale beneath,

nole 3-9 in, Peduncles variable, usually slender, of the females stont; TAYA cuneate,
Ne d short ; bracts subulate ; flowers 4-} in. diam., yellow. Sepats

Tuous Petals shorter. Drupe pisiform.

13. CISSAMPELOS, Linn.

: ose.
sy bereot or climbing shrubs, Leaves often peltate. Mam f i 7 ‘thers
tae » (9-0) erose, Petals 4, connate, forming in 4-lobe transversely.
y nate, encircling the top of the staminal column, bursting Sepals 2 (or
spal ,','"Cemed, crowded in the axils of leafy bracts. Staminodes 0.
peel and petal 1 each), 2-nerved, adnate to the bracts. tyle-scar sub-

. 2 Style short, 3-fid or 3-toothed. Drupe ovoid, thereled sides
trays. eT OCP horseshoe-shaped, compressed, dorsally tu lterete, ap-
p Yate eed curved ; embryo slender ; cotyledons narrow, 3 ,

| —Disrüi, All hot climates.

C. Pareira, Li imbi bicular-reniform or cordate,
unn. ; climbing, leaves orbic ith
tale cymes long-peduncled many flowered hairy, female racemes w

104 v. MENISPERMACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cissampelos

large reniform or orbicular bracts, drupes subglobose hirsute. DC. Prodr. i.
100; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 198; Miers Contrib. iii. 139, C. caapeba, Linn. ;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 842. C. convolvulacea, Willd. ; Wall. Cat. 4979; W. £ A.
Prodr. i. 14; Roxb. lc. 842. C. orbiculata, discolor, and hirsuta, Buch. ;
DC. Lc. 101. C. hernandifolia, Wall. Cat. 4979, partly. C. obtecta, Wall.
Cat. 4981 C. diversa, elata, grallatoria, eriantha, and. delicatula, Miers l.c.
187-197. C. subpeltata, Thwaites Enum. 13 and 399, Miers l.c. 195, Menisp.
orbiculatum, Zinn. Cocculus orbiculatus, DC. Lc. 98. C. villosus, Wall,
Cat. 4957 in part, and C. membranaceus, 4967 (diseased state).

Tropical and subtropical India, from Sina and the PuxjAs to Ceyton and Sis-
capore.—Distris. Cosmopolitan in warm regions.

A lofty climber; branchlets rarely glabrous. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., usually peltate,
obtuse and mucronate, rarely acute, base truncate or more or less cordate ; petiole
equalling the leaf or longer. “Male cymes 4-14 in. (sometimes replaced by a shoot with
small leaves and small axillary cymes), axillary or nearly so, usually 2-3 superposed,
decompound ; bracts minute, rarely foliaceous ; peduncle slender, pubescent tomentose
or hirsute. Fem. racemes 1-2, axillary ; bracts lax or densely imbricate, usually hoary,
sometimes petioled ; pedicels very short. Ovaries rarely glabrate. Drupe š in. diam,
scarlet.—A careful reconsideration of the materials discussed in “ Flora Indica, with
many additional specimens, and an eight years’ further familiarity in India with bot
native and cultivated forms, convince us that the view taken in the above work (which
is that of Eichler, Bentham, and Thwaites) is not invalidated by the vigorous attacks
of our friend Mr. Miers.

14. CYCLEA, Arnott.

Climbing shrubs. eaves usually peltate. Flowers in axillary panicles;
MALE fl. : Sepals 4-8, connate into an inflated 4-5-lobed calyx. Petals 4-8,
more or less connate into a 4-5-lobed corolla. Anthers 4-6, connate,
crowning the staminal column, bursting transversely. Fem. fl.: Sepa l,
oblong. Petal 1, orbicular. Ovary 1; style short, 3-5-lobed, lobes radiating.
Drupe ovoid, style-scar subbasal; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsaby
tubercled, sides convex 2-locellate (as in Limacia). Seed curved ; cotyledons
slender, 3-terete, appressed.—DisTRIB. Tropical Asia.

l. C. Burmanni, Miers Contrib. iii. 239, t. 121; leaves peltate elon-
gate-deltoid acuminate base cordate or subsagittate subrepand,
subglobose 6-8-lobed, corolla urceolate subentire. H. f. & T. Fl Ind. 201.
Cocculus Burmanni, DC. Prodr.i.96. Clypea Burmanni, W. & A. P rm
in part ; Burm. Fl. Zeyl., t. 101. Rhaptomeris Burmanni, Miers m Tay".
Ann, Ser. 2, vii. 41.

Concan, Gibson; and Crytoy, ascending to 2600 ft.

Branches pilose or glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, shining above,
usually pubescent beneath ; petiole 4-14 in. Panicles equalling or exceeding the leaves,

many-Hlowered, pubescent. Male jl. and drupe pilose. Calyx much exceeding the
corolla.

2. C. peltata, M. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 201; leaves peltate deltoid acute oF
subacute, calyx campanulate 4-lobed, corolla an irregularly 4-lobed -
Miers Contrib. iii. 236. C, barbata, versicolor, Arnottii, laxiflora 4
debiliflora, Miers l.c. 237-249. Menisp. peltatum, Lamk. Cocculus peltatus
DC. Prodr. i. 96. Cissampelos discolor, Wall, Cat. 4892, in part. =
barbata, Wall. Cat. 4978. Clypea Burmanni, W. & A. Prodr. i. 74 in par.
Cyclea Burmanni, Arnott in Wight Ill. i. 22. Rhaptomeris Bu

vers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 41. Rheede Hort, Mal. vii. t. 49.

Cyelea. V. MENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 105

From Assam and the KHASIA HILLS eastwards; and throughout the WrsrERN and
ERN PENINSULA and Ckvrow.—DisTRIB. Java, &c.

Branches grooved, sparsely clothed with reflexed hairs or glabrate. Leaves 2-6 by
2-4 in., thin, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, subrepand, ciliate, above glabrous or sparsely
pilose, usually pubescent beneath; petiole 1-24 in. Panicles equalling or exceeding
the leaves; males sometimes 1 ft.; fem. much shorter; bracts oblong or subulate ;
male flowers hispid or glabrous. Calyx much exceeding the corolla. Drupe pilose.—

° synonymy of this species is much confused with that of C. Burmanni, and owing
to some of the authentic specimens being flowerless these may require revision.

15. LOPHOPHYLLUMT, Griffith.

Characters of CvcrrA, but male flowers apetalous and female with 2
opposite fleshy saccate sepals.

L. L. bieristatum, Grif. Not. Pl. Asiat. part iv. 313. t. 491 ; It. Notes,
114 No. 190, and 165 No. 854; leaves broadly cordate acuminate 7-9-
ri Mae Peraphora robusta, Miers Contrib. lii. 245, t. 122. Cyclea populi-
dlia, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 902.

Eastern Hmaraya, in Srxxm and Buoray, Griffith, &c.; Kuasta murs, H. f. d: T.
À tall climber; bark white; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., firm,
i aceous, glabrous above, pilose with rigid hairs and reticulate beneath; petiole 2-4
` cylindric, pubescent, base and tip thickened. Panicles slender, decompound, fas-
Cicled, tomentose, Calyx globose, 4-lobed. Anthers 4-5, connate into a peltate disk.
Pe i in, diam., subglobose; endocarp with 3 series of hooked spines on each edge.

16. PACHYGONE, Miers.

o Climbing shrub, Flowers axillary, racemed, dicecious. Sepals 6, 2 seriate,
me 4 smaller, Petals 6, much smaller, base auricled embracing the fila-
iw. MALE fl: Stamens 6, filament incurved; anthers subglobose,
W wasa bursting transversely. Rudimentary carpels 3, minute. _ Fem.
style amnodes 6. Ovaries 3; styles stout, horizontal. Drupes reniform,
‘Scar subbasal ; endocarp reniform, rugulose. Seed horseshoe-shape ,
umen 0 ; cotyledons }-cylindric, very thick, hard ; radicle very short.

pet ata, Miers Contrib, iii blong or sub-
i ib. iii. 331, t. 135 ; leaves ovate-oblong

. id, male racemes exceeding the leaves. H. f.& T. FI. Ind. 203.

08 snetil, concinna, adversa, and odorifera, Miers l.c. 330-334. Cissam-

V. 4 po Poir. ; DC. Prodr. i, 102, C. Plukenetii, DC. le. i 97;

49594" rodr. i 14; Wight Ic. t. 824, 825. C. Wightianus, Wall. Cat.

C. officinarum, Pluk. Koon zeylanicus, G«rtn. Fruct. ii. 486, t. 180.

D " `
A loy eine places in the Carnatic and Ckvrox.—Disrnis. Java and Timor.

Y climber; branches tomentose. Leaves 14-2 by 3-1} in., thick, coriaceous,

Hid a or mucronate, base cuneate or ended, 3-5-nerved, glabrous; petiole

ales’ sh th a basal ring of hairs; tip thickened. Hacemes slender, _pubescen ,

late bracts, fo} peduncles very short. Powers minute, male in the axils of subu-
emale solitary, Pétals 2-toothed. Drupes pisitorm.

17. PYCNARRHENA, Miers.
Suberect

Danicleg e, OT. elimbi hrubs. FI illary, fascicled or shortly
Palla 6 ° dicecious, MALE d Seale 6, with 31 bracts inner larger orbicular.
bursting nal lobed. Stamens 9, filaments very short ; anthers subdidymous, .

Tausversely, Frm. fl: unknown. Drupe broadly oblong, sub-

106 v. MENISPERMACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) ([Pyenarrhena.

gibbous, style-scar lateral; endocarp subreniform. Seed slightly concave
ventrally, albumen 0: cotyledons oblong, $-terete, very thick, slightly im-
curved, radicle minute, ventral_—Disrris. Two species, an Indian and
Bornean.

1. P. pleniflora, Miers Contrib. iii. 353, t. 141; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late quite glabrous. P. planiflora, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 206. Cocculus plani-
florus, Wall. Cat. 4961 (error for pleniflorus).

'Sinugr, Wallich. .

Branches striate, puberulous. Leaves 5-7 by 13-21 in. thin, coriaceous, obtusely
acuminate, puberulous on the midrib beneath, reticulate ; nerves prominent beneath,
arching within the margin; petiole 3 in., top clavate. Flowers almost capitate: pe
duncles 4-1 in., pubescent, 1-2-flowered, with 2 basal and a median bract. | Drupes
4 in., smooth—P. mecistophylla, Miers l.c. 353, from Assam (Griffith), described from
leaves only, does not appear to us to be congeneric.

18. HZEMATOCARPUS, Miers.

A strong glabrous climber. eaves very coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers
in axillary racemes, dicecious. MALE fl. : Sepals 9-12 with 3 bracts, large.
Petals 6, base minutely auricled, Stamens 6, free ; anther-cells 2, remote on
the face of a large galeate dilated connective, bursting obliquely. Rudi
mentary carpels 3, minute. FEM. fl.: unknown. Drupes 1-4, large, ovol
fleshy, oblong, stalked, style-scar subbasal; endocarp coriaceous, oblong,
adherent, Seed oblong, albumen 0; embryo large, cotyledons accumbent,

folded on themselves, very thick, i-terete, obtuse ; radicle short, stout, m-
erior.

1, H. Thomsoni, Miers Contrib. iii. 325, t. 134 ; leaves oblong obtusely
acuminate. F, comptus and incusus, Miers Lc, 326, 327. Baterium vaik
dum, Miers in Tayi. Annal, Ser. 3, xii. 124, Fibraurea? hæmatocarp®
H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 204.

Srkkrw-HiwarnavA and KHASIA HILLS, alt., 34000 ft., Griffith, &c. á

Branches stout, pale. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., base obtuse or acute, pale or.glabrom
beneath, nerves reticulate; petiole slender, 3-1 in. Racemes supra-axillary, solitary
or several, slender, branches short; flowers small; pedicels slender. Sepals ciliate.
Petals concave. Fruiting racemes woody, 1-3 in.; torus globose with 4-6 soan,
Drupes 14-2 in., smooth, suboblique; stalks 4 in., stout; sarcocarp hard, blood-red;
mesocarp traversed by stout vessels from the thin crustaceous endocarp.

19. ANTITAXIS, Miers.

A shrub. Leaves peuninerved. Flowers in axillary fascicles, diœcious
MALE fl. : Sepals 8, in decussate pairs ; outer small; 2 next obovate ; 4 inne
larger, orbicular, imbricate. Petals 2, obovate. Stamens 4, filaments clavate;
anthers l-celled, subglobose, bursting transversely. Fem. fl: unknow!
Drupes 1-3, subglobose, style-scar ventral ; endocarp thin, fragile, subre.
form-oblong. Seed subglobose, concave ventrally, albumen 0; cotyledons
oblong, }-terete, slightly incurved, very thick ; radicle minute, ventrat
Distris. Eastern Archipelago.

1. A. fasciculata, Miers Contrib. iii. 336, t. 142 ; leaves oblong acd
nate glabrous, petiole tomentose. Cocculus lucidus, Zeysm. d Ben.
Tijdsch, iv. 397.

Antitazis.] v. MENISPERMACE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 107

Mazacca, Grifith.—Disrris. Java. I .

Branches rigid, flexuous, smooth ; young pubescent. Leaves 341-4 by 14-1} in., sub-
coriaceous, base rounded, concolorous, shining above, paler beneath with reticulate
vens; petiole $ in. Peduncles of male numerous, 3-3 in., slender, glabrous. Flowers
minute. Drupes tomentose.—A very anomalous genus.

Orr VI. BERBERIDEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Usually shrubby, sometimes climbing, glabrous plants. eaves simple or
compound, with articulate segments ; buds scaly. Stipules very rare (Ler-
leri. Flowers often globose, regular, solitary or in simple or compound
racemes, usually yellow or white. Sepals and petals free, hypogynous, very

Yous, 2-many-seriate, in 3- rarely 4-6-nary whorls, imbricate, or the sepals
rarely valvate, “Stamens 4-6 (rarely 8) opposite the petals, free or connate ;
anthers adnate, erect, dehiscing by lateral or dorsal slits, or by 2 revolute or
iscending lids or valves, Carpels 1-3, rarely more, oblong ; style short or 0,
stigma dilated or conic or oblong ; ovules usually indefinite on the ventral
Suture or covering the walls of the ovary, anatropous rarely orthotropous.
‘we carpels dry or fleshy, dehiscent or not. Seeds with a crustaceous fleshy
bony testa ; albumen copious, dense ; embryo minute or long, straight or
dM, radicle next the hilum.— Disrris. Genera about 20, with 200 species,

lely temperate and mountain plants.

imm L Lardizabales. Stem usually climbing. Flowers unisexual or

Ygamous. Carpels 3. Seeds usually large, testa bony.

An erect shrub. Leaves pinnate. . . . . . . + + + < l. DrcarssgA.
mbing shrubs I igi i adelphous . . 2. PARVATIA.
tamens free”. “eaves digitate. Stamens monade p 5^ * $ Horse.

Teer IL Berbereæ. Stem 0 or erect. Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpel
* š usually small.

les erect, basal, Shrubs. Fruit berried . . . . . . . 4 BERBERIS.

arsa Perposed along the ventral suture. 5, Eriepium.

år compound. Ovulsfew . . . . . . + + + + O. PODOPHYLLUM.
es simple, palmate. Ovules many. . . + . + + + 6 Pop

1. DECAISNEA,.H. f. & T.

mes erect shrub, Leaves unequally pinnate, petiole jointed at base. F lowers
tows, 085, moncecious, Sepals 6, narrow, taper-pointed, subimbricate in
Dectiv etals 0. MALE fl.: Stamens 6, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, con-
tessile, tabulate, . Fem. fl.: Staminodes 6, small, free. Ovaries Uo ,
of 3 g n long ; stigma subsessile, oblong ; ovules many, 2-seriate, | i ust
bony.” eading fleshy many-seeded follicles. Seeds large, compressed, tes

D, .. . 3:
lacie ignis, 77 . f. & T. in Proc, Linn, Soc. 1854, ii. 349 ; Fl. Ind. 213;

Plt. 10. Pposite ovate or ovate-lanceolate long acuminate, Hook. f. Lu. Him.
E ackea insignis, Grif. Itin. Not. 187. . -
i; 5 ofthe Eastern HixALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; in Bhotan, Grifith, and Sikkim,

tem naked, erect «i inal on. the few short
» erect, simple, or forked. Leaves 2-3 ft., subterminal on. th :
"the, Leaflets 6-8 jain 3-5 by 14-3 in., thin, glaucous beneath; petiole 1-3 in.

108 VI. BERBERIDEEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Decaisua.

Racemes 1 ft., horizontal, fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 1 in. long, pen-
dulous, yellow-green ; pedicels as long; bracts small, subulate, deciduous. Follicles 3 in.,
cylindric, obtuse, recurved, edible.

2 PARVATIA, Decaisne.

A large climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate. Flowers racemed,
moneecious. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, lanceolate, muc
smaller. MALE fi.: Stamens 3, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, apiculate.
Fem. fl.: Staminodes 6, minute, free. Ovaries 3; stigma sessile, oblong,
acute ; ovules many, covering the walls of the ovary, mixed with long hairs.
Pn of 3, berried, indehiscent, many-seeded carpels. Seeds imbedded in
pulp.

1. P. Brunoniana, Decaisne in Archiv. Mus. i. 190, t. 12 A ; leaflets
ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate rarely obtuse. Jf. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 214
Stauntonia Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4592.

Assam and KHuASIA niuis, alt. 3-4000 ft., Wallich, &c. b

Bark of old branches pale-corky, of young smooth. Petioles 3-5 in. Leaflets 3-51 1
1-24 in. base subacute or rounded, shining above, glaucous below; peticle of mid-
leatlet 1 in., of lateral 4 in. Peduncles 2—4in., fascicled on scaly tubercles, "8%
slender; pedicels spreading ; bracteoles basal, minute, linear. Flowers greenish-white ;
male 4, female $ in. long. Carpels 4 in., obtuse at both ends, granvlate.—Assam
specimens have more membranous and obtuse leaves, less glaucous beneath.

3. HOLBGLLIA, Wall.

A climbing shrub. Leaves digitate. Flowers moncecious, in axillary fas-
cicles or racemes, Sepals 6, 2-seriate; 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, minu
orbicular Mate fl: Stamens 6, free; anthers apiculate. Fem. fl: sr
minodes 6, minute. Ovaries 3; stigmas oblong; ovules many, covering x

walls of the ovary. Fruit of 3, berried, many-seeded carpels.
bedded in pulp.

1. E. latifolia, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 24, t. 16 ; leaflets ovate or oblong,
. lanceolate or linear in young plants, acuminate.
HIMALAYA, alt. 4-9000 ft., from Bhotan to Kumaon; KnasrA HILLS alt. 4000 f;
UPPER Assam, at low elevations. flets
Trunk sometimes 4—6 in. diam., bark corky when old. Leaves 3-9.foliolate ; — :
3-6 by 4-2 in., base rounded or acute, shining above, pale and reticulate beneà x
petiole of mid-leaflet its own length, of the lateral shorter. Peduncles solitary á
fascicled. Flowers subcorymbose, purplish-green, sweet-scented ; male $-§ In wi
larger. Carpels 2-3 in. sessile or short-stalked, oblong, obtuse at both ends; Ve
variable. ‘Lhe characters of the seed require confirmation. itolin
Van. 1. latifolia, leaflets 3-5 ovate or oblong, seeds straight obovoid.—H. latiio
Wall. Lc.; Decaisne in Archiv. Mus. i. 194, t. 12, B; H. f. T. Fl. Ind. 219. "
acuminata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 313. Stauntonia latifolia Wall. Cat. 490:
Var. angustifolia, leaflets 7-9 narrow- or linear-lanceolate, seeds curved:

angustifolia, Wall. Tent., t. 17 ; Decaisne and H. f. & T. Le. Stauntonia angustifolia
Wall. Cat. 4951.

4 BERBERIS, Linn.

Shrubs; wood yellow. eaves pinnate or simple and then fascicled i
the axils of 3-5-partite spines. Flowers yellow, hermaphrodite, fasci in
racemed or solitary. Sepals 6, with 2-3 appressed bracts, imbricate

Berberis, | VI. BERBERIDEJX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 109

series, Petals 6, imbricate in 2 series, usually with 2 basal glands inside.

mens 6, free; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovary simple;
stigma peltate, sessile or on a short style; ovules few, basal, erect. Berry
few-seeded.— DIsTRIB, Species about 50, natives of N. temperate regions,
subtropical Asia, the Andes, and temperate S. America.

Scr L Mahonia. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite.

l. B. nepalensis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 120; leaflets oblong ovate or

colate spinous-toothed palmately 3-5-nerved, racemes dense flowered.
Vall. Cat, 1480 ; H. f. œ T. Fl. Ind. 219. B. miccia, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 205.

acanthifolia, Wall, ; Don Syst. Gard. i. 118. Mahonia nepalensis, DC.
Prodr. i. 109 ; Deless, Tc. Sel. ii. t. 4.

TEMPERATE Himanaya, alt. 4-8000 ft.; from Garwhal to Bhotan ; Knasta HILLS
t. 4-5000 ft. ; Mercor, Griffith; Niten Mts, alt. 5-8000 ft.—Drsrrrs. Japan?
Stem erect, 3-20 ft., subsimple, leafy near the top only. Leaves 6-18 in. ; sheath
with 2 subulate stipules ; leaflets 2-12 pair, 1-5 in., coriaceous, sessile, articulate
with the petiole. Jiacemes 3-12 in., erect; bracts 1-2 in., various; bracteoles oblong
v, ovate. Flowers fasicled ; pedicels 1—4 in. slender. Berry 4-4 in. violet, glaucous,
bitter —Probably B. Bealii of Japan is not different.
„AR. l. nepalensis proper; leaflets usually narrow-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, berry
tic. B. nepalensis Le. Northern and Eastern India. š Wall
Q AR. 2. Leschenaultii; leaflets broader, berry globose. B. Leschenaultii, Wall.
"M19; Wight Le. t. 940. Nilghiries.

Becr. IL Berberis proper. Leaves simple, fascicled in the axils of 3-5-
Partite (rarely simple) spines (reduced leaves). |

š T8 racemed, corymbose or subumbelled.
d vulgaris, 7, ; leaves more or less deciduous obovate spinulose-
"Ie lowers racemed, petals subentire, stigma sessile discoid. Z.f. T.

Ta TERN Haraya, alt. 8-12,000 ft, from Nipal to Marri, and in Western
n exe TRIB. Temp. Europe and N. Asia.
Y extremely variable plant. . tioled
ead ; L. vulgaris proper; 8-10 ft, leaves 2-3 in. quite deciduous long petio u-
dulo oblong-lanceolate or obovate acutely serrate, racemes exceeding the leaves pe ds
5 ample not glaucous, flowers large, berries oblong-ovoid compressed red, see
P 9 ` Pro r. 1. 105.—Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 5-1000 ft. . :acoons
and pen. tægina (sp. DC. Prodr. i. 106); a small bush, leaves 1-24 eri )
aniston entire or spinulose, racemes elongate, berries oblong or subspherical.
Karel. pt Wild. ; sphaerocarpa, Kar. & Kir.; heterpoda, Schrenk; turcomanieæ,
^ alti, & Kashmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft. 1-14 in
obovate chs (sp. Presl. Flor. Sic. i. 28); low, rigid, robust, leaves di T
Prominent tuse or mucronate rarely lanceolate spinulose serrate rarely entire, n Ma
Boyle Tm n cemes suberect or nodding rather exceeding the leaves.—B. Kunawarensis,
ul 4.—Simla to Balti, alt. 6—12,000 ft. shes robust
often play achybotrys (sp. Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx.:29) ; brane es serrata
m enti cons, leaves 1-13 in. hardly coriaceous obvate or lanceolate spinulosa i
5-120099 ames short many-flowered subcorymbose.—F' rom Sikkim to 51 ,

ii 5. ereti . hed, leaves 4-1 in.

Tigid cor: wa (sp. Linn.) ; lo trate, densely branche

w shorter Pike angled spinuloce ars sr lobulate, margin thickened, eaters ne)

Garwhal to an the leaves.—(B. vulgaris var. australis, Boiss. B. Thunbergii, JC.
ti, alt. 9-11,000 ft.

110 VI. BERBERIDEZ.. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Berberis.

3. B. umbellata, Wall, Cat, 1475; leaves more or less deciduous ob-
ovate sparingly serrulate, flowers subumbellate on a long naked peduncle,
berries oblong, stigma flat sessile. Don Syst, Gard. i. 116; H. f. & T. Fl.
Ind, 224. B. aristata, DC. Prodr. i. 106 ; Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 2549.

TEMPERATE Himavaya, alt. 911,000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan. .
An erect straggling shrub, 8-10 ft.; branches slender, rigid, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in.,
submembranous, green or glaucous beneath. Flowers like those of B. vulgaris.

4, B. aristata, DC. Syst. ii. 8; erect, leaves evergreen or nearly 80,
obovate or oblong entire or with few distant spinous teeth, flowers 1n cour
pound often corymbose racemes, berries tapering into a short style, stigma
small subglobose. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 224. |

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft.; from Bhotan to Kunawar. NILGHIRI Mts.
and CEYLON, alt. 6—7000 ft.

As variable as B. vulgaris. ed
Var. 1. aristata, purple, leaves 1-3 in. broad obovate or oblong elliptic acute or awn
entire or spinulose-serrate towards the tip green or glaucous beneath, racemes com-
ound, flowers large, pedicels red. DC. Prodr. i. 106 ; Royle IU.64; Wall. Cat. 1474.

. tinctoria, Lesch.; W. & A. Prodr. i. 16; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 2; Wight 1l. t. 8.
B. chitria, Ham.; Don Prodr. 204; Bot. Reg. t. 729. B. angustifolia, ‘Roxb. Hort.
Beng. 87.—Nipal to Sirmore.

Van. 2. floribunda (sp. Wall. mss. Cat. 1474); leaves smaller, flowers on long
peduncles, racemes subsimple or subumbellate. B. petiolaris, Wall. under Cat. Mes
Don Syst. Gard. i. 115. B. affinis and ceratophvlla, Don Lc. B. coriaria, Royle
mss.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. N.S. xiv. t..46. B. umbellata, Lindl. l.c. 1844 t. 44 (not of
Wall.).— Kamaon to Kunawar.

Var. 3. micrantha; leafy, leaves 1-3 in. very coriaceous obovate-lanceolate
coarsely spinulose-toothed, racemes long nodding, flowers small. Wall. Cat. 1474.—
Bhotan to Garwhal.

5. B. Lycium, Royle Ill. 64; Trans. Linn. Soc, xvii. 94; bark white,
leaves subsessile subpersistent lanceolate or narrow obovate-oblong usually
quite entire pale not lacunose glaucous beneath, raceme elongate, m
ovoid, style conspicuous, stigma capitate. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 225.

Western HIMALAYA, in dry hot places; alt. 3-9000 ft., from Garwhal to np

An erect rigid shrub, 6-8 ft. Leaves 13-23 by 1-3 in., coriaceous, mucronate, sd
spinulose, bright green above, venation lax. Zacemes simple or compound, of
corymbose, drooping, longer than the leaves. Berry violet.— Very distinct m
ordinary state, but some forms appear to pass into B. aristata, and others into 2-
asiatica.

6. B. asiatica, Roxb. in DC. Syst. ii. 13; bark pale, spines 5-fid small
leaves orbicular or broad obovate subentire or coarsely spinous lacun
white beneath, racemes short corymbose, berries with a distinct style, tig?
capitate. Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 182; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 1; Wall. Cat. Mi
(excl. syn, tinctoriz). B. hypoleuca, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 246.

Dry valleysfof the HIMALAYA, ait. 3-7500 ft.; from Bhotan to Garwhal. BEHAR, @
Parasnath, alt. 3500 ft., Hdgeworth—Disrris. Affghanistan. ` AF005,

An erect stout branched bush, 3-6 ft. Leaves 1-3 in., rarely acute, thickly coria
very strongly reticulate beneath. acemes peduncled or subsessile; flowers
small, +z in. diam. Berry red or black, glaucous, often large, eatable.

** Peduncles fascicled, 1-flowered.

7. B. Wallichiana, DC. Prodr. i. 107; leaves evergreen lanceolate i |
oblong-lanceolate, flowers many in a fascicle, berry ovoid or oblong. j

e 111
Berberis.] VI. BERBERIDEÆ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

25. B. asiatica
Plant, As. Rar, iii. t. 243 ; Cat. 1478, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 225 j
Griff. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 1648.

: "allich, to Dhotan,

Temperate HiwALAYA in forests, alt. 8-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich,

"Wap. 5-6000 ft. —4 in. lanceolate
KAA U A mss.) ; branches ange, eaves Ro Lc. —Nipal to
or coe obovate, berries black-purple shining. B. Wallichiana, Yard

otan. . ; branches angled or deeply grooved, leaves as in stigma
but malice and sometimes quite entire, berries } in. elliptic-oblong, sty

Àj ia hi ‘lice flowers as in
"as 3 quin hills, leaves 1-2 in. broadly obovate or elliptic-oblong,

Var. 1.—Skirts of woods alt. 8-10,000 ft. in Sikkim. inulose pale and glaucous

Var. 4, pallida ; leaves 2-3 in. narrow lanceolate sp
beneath, fascicles few-flowered.—Bhotan, Griffith.

i leaves
26: t, spines very few, |
. B. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 226; erect, n late shining on
evergreen irte TJ. geminate elliptic or linear Janceo ovoid, stigma
Surfaces spinous toothed, pedicels short thick,
Sessile,

; from E. Nipal, H. f.,
Humid forests of the EASTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 7-10,000 ft. ; fro : hort

to Bhotan, Griffith. in., rather remote ; petiole short.
À beautiful holly-like bush, 4-6 ft. Leaves 3-7 in.,

Flow, i

. ; rved. Petals 2-fid.
ers 3-20 in a fascicle, golden-yellow; pedicels 4-1 in, cu
rries V in, black.

spiny,
9. B. ulicina, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 927 ; glaucous, robust, densely spiny
lea

i hort, berries
Yes fascicled pungent margins thickened, pedicels very short,
s stigma sessile.

. ft, T. T. .
ESTERN Tiper : stony dry places in Nubra, alt. 14-16,000 1 rigid, base dilated.
À small shrub 1-9 ft. ; branches short, stout; spines s ach side. Flowers Lin.
3 in. rigidly coriaceous, crowded, 1—2-toothed ovar obscurely glandular,
diam., oran e-yellow, densely crowded. Petals 2-fid. Ovary
*ovuled, erry black, glaucous.
9 Peduncles solitary (rarely 2-3), 1-flowered. hoots puberulous,
10. B. angulosa, Wall. Cat. 1475 in part ; Tous, margins thickened,
leaves small obovate or obovate-lanceolate Pacer pels equalling the
mand ° exceeding the leaves stout curved, outer
"ner, berries broad pendulous
. - -13,000 ft, M.f —
EMPERATE HIMALAYA, Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt 11 p» 1-14 in., fascicled,
A shrub, 4 ft, ; branches strict leafy ; spines 3-5-fid. “shining beneath ; nerves
in, Coriaceous, usually quite entire, opaque above, rather
Subparallel,

: M»
d tals entire. Berrie
lowers rather large. Outer sepals broad. eia ie rire ole alat
~$ in, globose or broad oblong, red, 5-7-seeded, edible ; sug
uncle Stout, curved.

ostrate, gla-
inu, am aerosepala, Hf. in Bot. Mag, t. 4744 ; Ñ margins thickened,
rons, leave obovate-oblong coarsely spinulose-toothe berries large ovoid.

rucle slender, outer sepals equalling the inner,
r nd. 228,

Interior of the Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 12-13,000 ft., H. f. der equalling the leaves.
small shrub, 2-4 f, . ranches spreading; spines slen ü rather large, peduncle
curved AScicled, 4-1 in, usually glaucous beneath. Flower
ed, glabrous,” Bonn:

. es 4-3 in., red, 6-10-seeded ; stigma sessile.

h branched,
12. B. concin n Bot. Mag. t. 4744 ; prostrate, muc thed white
branches slender por Fn Had leaves amall obovate spinous-too

112 VI. BERBERIDEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Berberis,

beneath margin thickened, peduncles slender, outer sepals half as long as
the inner, berries large oblong. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 229.

Interior valleys of Srxxim; HIMALAYA, alt. 12-13,000 ft. H. f.

A small shrub, 1-3 ft., often forming appressed cushions, conspicuous for the deep
green upper and white under surface of its small deciduous leaves ; spines equalling
the leaves or shorter, 3-fid, slender. Leaves 1—3 in., tip rounded or truncate. Peduncle
exceeding the leaves. Flowers bright-orange. Berries 4-3 in., pendulous, compressed,
many-seeded.

Doubtful species are (1) a shrub like B. concinna and referred to it as var. 6 in Fl.
Ind., with angled and lobed spinous toothed leaves, found at 9—10,000 ft. in Kumaon
and Garwhal. (2) A Sikkim (alt. 9000 ft.) species allied to the above, in flower and
young leaf only, with obovate-lanceolate entire awned leaves, and fascicled or subum-

lled lowers on a slender peduncle.

5. EPIMEDIUM, Linn.

Herbs ; rootstock creeping. Leaves ternately compound. Flowers white
or coloured, racemed or panicled. Sepals 8, petaloid, in 2 opposite series,
outer smaller. Petals 4, opposite the sepals, hooded or spurred. „Stamens
4, opposite the petals ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovary];
style subulate, continuous with the dorsal suture, stigma dilated ; ovules
few or many, 2-seriate on the ventral suture. Capsule elongate, unequally
2-valved, smaller valve deciduous, leaving the seeds attached to the e.
tent larger. Seeds few, aril fleshy.— Disrris, Specie sabout 8 ; temp. Europe
and Asia,

E. elatum, Morr. £ Dre. in Ann, Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, ii. 356 ; leaves 2-3
ternate, leaflets ovate-cordate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, filaments
equalling the ovary, ovules 2-3. Dne.in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 9, t. 85 H. f. £ ^

. Ima. 231.

WESTERN HiwALAYA, Kasuwim, BANAHAL and Kisutwar, alt. 6-8000 ft., Jacque
mont, &c.

Stem 2-3 ft., slender, glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 1-24 in., lateral oblique,
membranous, spinulous-toothed. Panicle glabrous or glandular; bracts minute.
Flowers Y in. diam., yellow-white. Anthers linear. Ovary linear; style slender pe
sistent. Capsule membranous. Seeds 2-3, reniform, black.

6 PODOPHYLLUIM, Linn.

Scapigerous herbs; rootstock creeping, scaly, 2-leaved. Leaves p
palmately lobed. Flowers large, white or rose-coloured. Sepals 3-6, y
loid. Petals 6-9 (rarely 4). Stamens as many or twice as many as lx
petals ; anther-cells opening by slits. Ovary simple ; stigma large sessile,
peltate ; ovules many, on a broad ventral placenta. Fruit berried, many,
seeded. Seeds obovoid, imbedded in pulp.—Distrip, A N. American an
a Himalayan species,

eltate,

1. P. emodi, Wall. Cat. 814; scape supra-axillary, stamens usually *
Royle. TU. 64 and 379 in note; H f. & TU FL Ind. 232, P. hexandrüD»
Royle l.c. ; Dne. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 9.
Interior ranges of the Himanaya, alt. 9—14,000 ft, from Sixx to Hazes
descending to 6000 ft. in Kasur. :
Stem or scape 6-12 in., erect, stout, herbaceous. Leaves 2, vernal, alternate, long
petioled, plaited and deflexed in venation, 6-10 in. diam., orbicular, 3-5-lo

Podophyllum.| vt. BERBERIDEz. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 118

middle or base; lobes cuneate, acutely serrate. Peduncle terminal in bud, then appa-
rently supra-axillary or inserted on the petiole of the upper leaf. Flowers 1-14 in.

" e als very deciduous. Petals 6, sometimes 4 (Hoyle), obovate-oblong. Berry
1-2 in, ellipsoid, red, edible.

Ore VII. NYMPH ZEACEAZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

: Mduatio perennial herbs. Leaves usually floating, often peltate, margins
involute in vernation. Scapes 1-flowered, naked. Floral-whorls all free,
Ìypogynous or adnate to a fleshy disk that surrounds or envelops the car-
pels. Sepals 3-5. Petals 3-5, or many. Stamens many. Carpels 3 or more
In one whorl, free or connate or irregularly sunk in pits of the disk ; stigmas
% many as carpels, peltate or decurrent ; ovules few, or many and scattered
over the walls of the cells, anatropous or orthotropous, Fruit formed of the
connate carpels, or of separate and. indehiscent carpels, or of the enlarged
turbinate at-topped disk with the nut-like carpels sunk in its crown.
in naked or arilled ; albumen floury or 0; embryo enclosed in the en-

ged amniotic sac.— DISTRIB. Temperate and tropical; genera 8, species

| QS UBORDER L Cabombew. Sepals and petals 3 each, free. Carpels free.
es few. Seeds albuminous..

1. Brasenta.

C4 eS a IL. Nympheee. Sepals 4-6. Petals and stamens indefinite.

ma, confluent with one another or with the disk into one ovary. Ovules
hy. Seeds albuminous.

| Sepals, petals and stamens 4-superior, inserted on the disk, which is

dm

confluent with the carpels . lla . 9. NYMPHAA.

Se = inferior; petals superior; carpels sunk in the torus . + . + 3. BancrAYa.
) Petals and stamens superior. Carpels sunk in the torus . - 4. EURYALE.

a” CD bu TIT. Nelumbieee. Sepals 4-5. Petals and stamens idei:
Ovules arpels irregularly scattered, sunk in pits of the turbinate dis
l-2. Seed exalbuminous.

5. NELUMBIUM.

1 BRASENIA, Schreber.
A slender a

quatic, wit i stock, Stem branched. Leaves
pa peltate, owing? petioles and peduncles clothed with mucus.
ather 1s? peduncles axillary. Sepals 3. Petals 3, linear. Stamens 12-18 ;
dilated, vil i ar, slits lateral. Disk small. Ovaries 6-18, cylindric ; stigma
Goriacg) 0S; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the walls of the ovary. Ca
. 3$ Indehiscent, Seeds albuminous.

1.
H. f T peltata, Pursh,; leaves elliptic-oblong, peduncles pubescent.

lig: pipl *. Ind, i, 946. i urea, Richard ; DC. Prodr.

| 2; Grif. Itin. Notes TA Hydropeltis purpurea, ,
dt apop ar Punaka, alt. 6000 f., Grifith; Kuasta nus near Nonkreem,
lama o E. f & T.—Disram. Eastern M Amarica; Eastern Mann. `

O "RE " ers 1 in. diam. Sepals pubescent. Petals rose-re :

| Ld

|
Í

114 vij. NYMPHÆACEÆ. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Nymphea.

2 N'YMPHIEA, L.

Large herbs; rootstock creeping. Flowers expanded, large, floating, on
long radical scapes. Sepals 4, adnate to the base of the disk, Petals in
many series, inner successively transformed into stamens, all adnate to the
disk, /ilaments petaloid ; anthers small, linear, slits introrse. Ovares
many, in 1 series, sunk in the fleshy disk and with it forming a many-
celled ovary crowned by the connate radiating furrowed stigmas ; ovules
many, anatropous. Fruit a spongy berry ripening under water. 9€
minute, buried in pulp, enclosed in a sac-like fleshy aril. —DISTRIB. Species
20 ; most temperate and tropical regions.

1. N. alba, Linn. ; leaves cordate quite entire, flowers white, anthers
without appendages, stigmatic rays about 16 with cylindric appendages
H. f. & T. FI. Ind. 241.

Kasnurg. LAKE, alt. 5300 ft.—Disrris. Europe, Siberia.

Leaves 5-10 in. diam., suborbiculate, lobes contiguous. Sepals linear or ovate-oblong,
nerves reticulate. Petals about 10, outer linear-oblong, equalling the sepals.
echinulate. Seeds minute, striate and punctate.

Var. Kashmiriana, H. f. £ T. Le. ; ovaries pubescent or villous. N. Cachemeriana,
Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 10; N. alba, var. Kosteletzkyi, Planch. in Ann.
Nat. Sér. 3, xix. 33.— Kashmir, Jacquemont. ,

2. N. Lotus, Linn. ; leaves sharply sinuate-toothed, flowers white rose
or red, sepals obtuse ribbed, anthers without appendages, stigmatic rays WIt
clubbed appendages. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 241. N. rubra, Roxb, Fl. Ind. 1
576 ; W. € A. Prodr. 17 ; Wight Ill.i.t.10; Wall. Cat. 7255. N. Devoniensis
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4665. N. edulis, DC.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 578; Wall. Cat

Common throughout the warmer parts of India.—Disrris. Africa, Hungary, Java,
Philippine Islands. broad ; t

Leaves 6-12 in. broad; young sagittate. Flowers 2-10 in. broad, ver variable m
colour. Sepals oblong, 5-10-ribbed. Petals linear or ovate-oblong. Filaments broadly
dilated at the base; pollen smooth, Seeds broadly ellipsoid, rough.

Var. pubescens, H. f. & T. Fl Ind. 241; leaves puberulous or pubescent beneath,
flowers smaller. N. pubescens, Willd.; W. & A. Prodr. 17 & 447; Wall. Cat. 1256;
N. sagittata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29.

3. N. stellata, Wild. ; leaves quite entire or obtusely sinuate-toothed,
flowers variously coloured, petals acute or taper-pointed, anthers with, ong
appendages, stigmatic rays terminating in short . tapped
a f. €: 7. Fl. Ind. i. 243. š orns without app

Common throughout the warmer parts of India.—Dı i

Leaves orbicular or elliptic, often blotched with Purple beneath, labes acute or obtuse.
Flowers 1-10 in. diam., blue, white, rose, or purple, slightly odorous. Sepals ma^
veined, not ribbed, often streaked with fine short purple lines. Petals 10-30, linear
oblong or lanceolate. Stamens 10-50; pellen smooth. Stigmatic rays 10-30. Seeds
mE fel 8 X

ar. 1. cyanea, H. f. & T. lc ; flowers medium-sized blue scarcely odorous— 7,"

cyanea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 577; W. & A. Pr i ; [ D. N
cyanea, a Bot Jia t, 2058, nd odr. i. 17; Wall. Cat. 1253 A, Es

Var. 2. parviflora, H. f. . Lc.; flowers — i
W. & A. Prodr. i. 17; Wall. Cat. 7258, C. Pi salio bine CH sienne

Van. 3. versicolor, H. f. & T. Lc.; flowers larger white blue purple or flesh-
coloured, stamens very many.—N. versicolor, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41; Fl. Ind. ii. 975
Bot. Mag. t. 1189; Wall. Cat. 1257. N. punctata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. S0
29; N. Edgeworthii, and N. Hookeriana, Lehm. der Gatt. Nymph. 7 and 21.

Nymphea.| vir. NYMPHEHACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 115

4 N. pygmea, Aiton ; very small, leaves oblong-orbicular or quite
entire, lobes acute, flowers white, stamens without appendages, stigmatic
IA +8 broad ovate spoon-shaped. Bot. Mag. t. 1525; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind.

Knasra. nits, Jenkins, in marshes at Nonkreem, alt. 5600 ft., H. f. & T. —DisrRrs.
Siberia, N. China. A
ootstock woolly with soft black hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lobes diverging.
8 14-2 in. diam. Calyx base square ; sepals 4, obtuse. Petals about 10, obtuse.
mens 3-4-seriate ; pollen subgranular.

3. BARCLAYA, Wallich,

An aquatic herb ; rootstock short, villous, Leaves linear-oblong, hastate,
ating. Peduncles extra-axillary. Flowers red or purplish, Sepals 5, in-
verted at the base of the ovary. Petals numerous, 3-seriate, united into a
€ that is confluent with the carpels. Stamens many-seriate, inserted on
à ring within the corolla-tube ; anthers pendulous from recurved fila-
nents, outer imperfect. Ovaries about 10, confluent, top conical ; styles
tr univing into a 10-rayed cone, stigmatiferous within ; ovules many, ortho-
conn arretally scattered. Berry globose, pulpy, crowned with the

tube and annular torus. „Seeds spheric, echinate, albumen floury ;
embryo minute.

Pe longifolia, Wall, in Trans, Linn. Soc. xv. 442, t. 18 ; Hook, Te.
+t 809, 810: Grif’ Notul, 218, t. 57 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 246.
IRMA and from Peau to Mereut. .
ves 6-8 by 1-1} in., membranous, smooth or pubescent beneath ; etiole as long,

; 1 . . . . .
ruit as en ers 5-1) in. long, dull green outside, red or purple within, inodorous

as a cherry.

4 EURYALE, Salisb.

ina ely prickl ic ; i bicular, corrugate.
: y aquatic ; rootstock thick. eaves orbicular,

on violet, partially submerged. Sepals 4, erect, inserted on the edge
storas above the carpels. Petals numerous, 3-5-seriate, shorter than
in pw Stamens many, many-seriate, fascicled in eights i filaments
of the Pollen spheric, 3-nucleate. Ovary 8-celled, sunk in the dilated to

Berry, torus ; stigma discoid, depressed, concave; ovules few, parie al.
testa thick TI crowned with the persistent sepals. Seeds 8-20, arii pulpy ;
k, black, albumen mealy, embryo small.

j feroz, Sali iii . Bot, Mag. t. 1447 ;
tsb.; Roxb. Cor. Plant. iii. t. 244; Bot. Mag. ;

E. Rd Ind, 245, E. ica and E ferox, Planch. Etudes Nymph. 29.
Spinosa, Kozb, Fl. Ind. ii. 573.

k China
Rootstoy, es Of EASTERN Beneat, and Kasumir LAKE.—DISTRIB. .
red op ot short. Leaves 1—4 ft. diam., elliptic or orbicular, green above, qoway e
green kat s beneath, with strong spiny ribs. Flowers 1-2 in. long, bright Te beo
Much eaten roast: Berry 2-4 in. diam. Seeds from a pea to a cherry ,

»

n 5. NELUMBIUM, Juss.
ka “rect large wate i i iuice ; rootstock stout, creeping.
š : r herb with milky juice ; rootstoc y CTOS
elow, "eed high above the water, peliate. ` Flowers roeered white s
ens 4-5, inserted on the top of the scape, oo onan a clubbed
Many, hypogynous, many-seriate, caducous. Anthers wi T”

116 VIL NYMPHJEACEX. (Hook. f & Thoms.) [Nelumbium.

appendage. Ovaries many, l-celled, sunk in the flat top of an obcons
fleshy torus, attachment lateral ; style very short, exserted, stigma tormina ,
dilated ; ovules 1-2, pendulous. Carpels ovoid, loose in the cavities of t 1
enlarged spongy torus; pericarp bony, smooth. Seed filling the carpel,
testa spongy, albumen 0; cotyledons fleshy, thick, enclosing the go
folded plumule.—Disrrip. Species 2, one Asiatic and Australian; the
other W. Indian.

1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; Wight & Arn. Prodr. i. 16; Roxb. Fl. iN
647 ; Wight Ill. i. t. 9; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 247. N. asiaticum, Ruch, in
Ann. Mus. xvii. 249, t. 9. Nelumbo Indica, Poir. Encycl. iv. 453. Cyamus
Nelumbo, Smith Exot. Bot. i. 59, t. 31, 32., C. mysticus, Salisb. Ann. Bot. Y.
75. Nymphza Nelumbo, Linn. i

Throughout India, extending as far to the N. W. as Kasmwrg.—DisrRIs. Persia,
Malay Islands, China, Japan, Tropical Australia. . t

Peduncles and petioles 3-6 ft. high, full of spiral vessels, smooth or with small sca
tered prickles. Leaves 2-3 ft. diam., membranous, glaucous, cupped. Flowers 4-105
diam., white or rose. Petals elliptic, concave, veined. Fruiting torus 2-4 m. diam.
Ripe carpels from the size of a pea to a small cherry.

Orver VIII. PAPAVERACEJZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Annual or perennial herbs; juice usually milky or coloured. Leave
radical or alternate, stipules 0. Flowers often large, nodding in bud, regular,
hermaphrodite ; perianth and stamens very caducous. Sepals 2, hypogynous
concave. Petals 4, 2-seriate, large, crumpled. Stamens very many
ments slender; anthers erect, slits lateral. Ovary 1-celled, or 2-4-¢ led by
the produced placentas ; style short or 0; stigmas radiating, connate ane
opposite the placentas, or free and alternating with them: ovules many
seriate, parietal, anatropous. Carpels dehiscing by pores or valves. ^
many, small, albumen oily and fleshy; embryo minute, 2-lobed or 25
Z DISTRI About 17 genera and 65 species, chiefly natives of the N. emp.

one.

The European genera Glaucium and Remeria, both natives of Affzhanistan, have
not been found in the British possessions.

* Capsule usually short, opening by short valves or pores. i

Stigmas 4 or more, radiating on a sessile disk. . . . . . + 1. PAPAVER

Stigmas 4-6, radiating trom the top of a depressed style . . . 1.* AmGEMONE

Stigmas 4-6, decurrent on the top of the style. f. 2. MECONOPSIS

** Capsule short or long, dehiscing throughout its length.

Ovary l-celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed . . . . . . . . 3. CaTHCARTIA.

Ovary l-celled ; style erect, stigma 2—4-lobed . . . . . . . 4. SrxroPHORU"

1. PAPAVER, Linn.

Annual or perennial herbs, juice milky. eaves lobed or cut. Flower oe
long peduncles. Ovary 1-celled ; stigma discoid or pyramidal with radiati "
lobes opposite the placentas which project into the cell Capsule sho
opening by small valves under the lobes of the persistent stigma. , "m
‘small, pitted.—DrsTRiB. Species about 12, temp. Europe and Asia, with
Australian and a S. African representative.

eo —

Papaver.] VIII. PAPAVERACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 117

1. P. nudicaule, Z. ; perennial, hairy, flowers orange-yellow, capsule
obovoid hispid. Z. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 949.

Western Tipgr, alt. 16-17,000 ft, T. T., &c.—Disrris. Affghanistan, Mts. of
Central and Northern Europe, N. Asia, Arctic regions. . .
: Rootstock scaly. Leaves 2-4 in., all radical, obovate or oblong, pinnatifid ; lobes
1

haat oblong, hairy. Scapes several, 4-12 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam. Sepals densely
airy,

2. P. hybridum, 7, ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid sparingly hispid, filaments
ted upwards, capsule subglobose hispid, stigma convex rays 4-8. .
PonsaB near Peshawur, Vicary; JELAM valley, Jacquemont.—D1srRiB. Afighanit
fan, W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe. sa 1: d
Annual sparingly branched, 10-18 in. Leaves more or less cut into linear “Hack
“sments ; radical petioled, cauline sessile. Flower 1-2 in. diam., scarlet, with a blac

disk. Sepals hairy, obtuse. Capsule 4 in. long. Stigmatic rays reaching or exceeding
the edge of the disk.

3. P. Rhoeas, Z. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule sub-
globose glabrous, stigma convex rays 8-12.

Kasau, FA alconer, &c.— Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa. . d

Annual, branched, hispid, 1-2 ft. Leaf-lobes more or less cut, ascending, awne i

yes with spreading or appressed hairs. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., scarlet; pairs o
Petals unequal. Stigmatic rays overlapping. Capsule stalked.

4. P. dubium, Z. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule
obovoid glabrous, stigma 6-12-rayed. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 20. P. glabrum,
Royle fijo, > Ss G-12-rayed. M.f |

WESTERN HIMALAYA from Garwhal to Hazara, in cornfields. —Distriw. Affghanis-

d urope, W. Asia. . hai f

Habit of P. Rheeas, but often glabrous, and leaf segments usually narrower ; hairs o
Scape appressed. Petals scarlet, in unequal pairs. Capsule sessile.

P. SOMNIFERUM, 7,; leaves oblong amplexicaul lobed toothed and ser-
Be filaments slightly dilated, capsule globose labrous, stigmatic ra rs A
T2 FL Ind. ii. 571; W. de A. Prodr. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 8118; H. f. & T. Fl.
nd. 250. P. amznum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxv. Misc. 56.

p Cultivated throughout India.—DisrRis. Cultivated in temp. and warm regions of
Wope, Asia and N, Africa. . Leaves

: Dual, 2-4 ft., glaucous, simple, rarely branched, usually quite glabrous. 1 brous
oblong orlinear-oblong. Flower large, white purple or scarlet, Sepals gla .
Prue in. diam., stalked. Seeds white or black.— Opium poppy.

P orientale, L., and P. Argemone, L., are common garden plants in India.

1* ARGEMONE, Linn.

An erect prick] - ight-yellow. Sepals 2-3.
y annual ; juice yellow. Flowers bright-ye A
ame 4-6. Stamens indefinite, ym l-celled ; style very short, hiscing
at the > OVules man , On 4-7 parietal placentas. Capsule nom lusentas,
Sed, LP. by short valves, that alternate with the stigmas and paper.
Species ja Y DISTRIB. A small American genus, of which the fo
*$ 18 naturalized throughout India.

A. MEXICANA, 7, : : i innatifid varie-
shy ] 1_ lexicaul sinuate-pinne gare
Tid reen and white. Roxb. FL Dd. S71; W. é A. Prod. i. 18; Wight

i Wall. Cat. 8196: J. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 251.

118 VIII. PAPAVERACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Argemone.

By roadsides and in fields throughout India. .

A robust herb, sometimes half.woody below, 2-4 ft., with spreading branches. Leaves
3-7 in. Flowers 1-3 in. diam. Sepals horned at the top. Capsule 3-14 in. long,
terete, usually bristly, elliptic or oblong.

2, MECONOPSIS, Viguier.

Perennial herbs; juice yellow. eaves entire or lobed. Flowers solitary
or racemed, large, blue yellow or purple. Sepals 2, Petals 4. Ovary
1-celled ; style distinct, stigmatic lobes radiating on its clubbed extremity.
Capsule ovoid or elongate, with short valves below the persistent style.
Seeds many, small, rugose.—DisTRIB. Mountains of the N. hemisphere;
species about 10.

* Scapes radical, 1-flowered.

1. M. simplicifolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 252; softly hairy, leaves 7
ceolate entire or few-toothed. Hook. f. IU. Him. Pl.t.8. Papaver sump
cifolium, Don Prodr. 196; Wall. Cat. 8125.

SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 12—14,000 ft., H. f. sd

Root stout, fusiform ; neck villous. Leaves many, 2-3 in., tapering into a petiole.
Scapes stout, clothed with deflexed hairs. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., blue-purple. Sapol
hispid. Ovary cylindric; style } in., stigmas 5-8. Capsule 2 in., linear-oblong, cove
with deciduous hairs.

2. M. horridula, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 252; prickly, leaves lanceolate
subentire.

SIKKIM-HIMALAYA, alt. 14—17,000 ft., H. f. ici

Stem 0, or short. Leaves 3-5 in. obtuse or acute. Scapes 4-8 in., many, TIE! »
erect, densely prickly. Flowers 14 in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals bristly. Ca M
1-1 in., prickly, obovate or oblong; style } in., stigma conical.— Possibly a state of #4-
aculeata. In abnormal flowers the petals are sometimes many and linear.

** Stems leafy. Flowers racemed or panicled.

.3. M. aculeata, Royle Ill. 67, t. 15; prickly, leaves irregularly pinn*

tifid, lowers blue-purple, capsules short prickly and bristly. Wak. im
8122; H. f. d T. Fl. Ind. 253; Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 5456, M. Gul. Walde
mani, Klotzsch Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 36.

Wesrern HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Kumaon ; alt, 11-15,000 ft. . e
Stem 1-2 ft., smooth, except the short scattered prickles. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong n
lanceolate, long-petioled ; canline sessile. Flowers 2-3 in. diam.; pedicels slende

prickly in fruit. Capsule 4-3 in., densely prickly, obconic-obovate or oblong; style
half as long.

4. M. robusta, M. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 253; glaucous, sparsely hairy, lea

pinnatifid, capsule linear-oblong 7-8-valved clothed with spreading bris
Wall. Cat. 8121, 8124.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-10,000 ft. ; from Nipal, Wallich, to Kumaon. "

Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 8-14 in., pinnate, lobes pinnatifid, long.petioled, cauline sess! e
Flowers 2-3 in. diam., colour unknown, in subracemose panicles ; pedicels 3-4 Dy
densely clothed with reflexed bristles under the flower, elongating in fruit. Sepals
bristly. Capsule 14 in., densely bristly, at length glabrous; style slender.

5. M. nipalensis, DC. Prodr. i. 121; stellately pubescent and laxly
hairy, leaves sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers golden yellow, sepals

x
x

Meconopsis.) virt. PAPAVERACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 119

setose, capsule obovate-oblong 8-10-valved. Wall. Cat. 8193 A; H. f. & T.
Fl. Ind. 253; H. f. Ill. Him. Pl.t. 9. Papaver paniculatum, Don Prodr. 197.

Temperate HIMALAYA, alt. 10—12,000 ft. ; Nipal, Wallich, Sikkim, H. f.

Stem 3-5 ft., stout, erect, nearly simple; young parts clothed with soft golden villous
hairs. _ Leaves 10-16 in., oblong or lanceolate, softly pubescent when young. Flowers
2-34 in. diam., in elongated nearly simple racemes. Sepals densely tomentose and

bristly. Capsule 14-2 in., clothed with appressed hairs and stellate down ; style } in.

6. M. Wallichii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4668 ; slender, stellately pubescent
and softly hairy, leaves pinnatifid, flowers much panicled purple, sepals not
Te. capsule elliptic-oblong 5-valved. Wall. Cat. 8193 B ; H. f. & T.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 9-10,000 ft.; in Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, H. f.

Stem 4-6 ft. branched. Leaves 8-12in., oblong or obovate-lanceolate, glaucous
beneath ; long-petioled. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., many; pedicels short, Sepals densel
pubescent, Capsule 1 in., elliptic-oblong, 5-valved, densely bristly.—There is muc
confusion in the Wallichian Herbarium amongst the specimens of the three last species
vict are included in his numbers 8123, 8124 and 8125), and which we suspect may
belon a to two; and we are further not sure to which Don’s Papaver paniculatum

3. CATHCARTIA, Hook. f.

A perennial softly hai ; jui long-petioled, cor-
y hairy herb; juice yellow. Leaves long-petio

tate lobed. Flowers racemed, gol en-yellow. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary

peled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed ; ovules many, on 4-6 parietal placentas.

tte cylindric, dehiscing throughout its length by valves between the

oti Which remain attached to the persistent stigma. Seeds stro-
e.

,, € villosa, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 4596 ; H. f, & T. Fl. Ind, 254.
QE. HIMALAYA, ‘alt. (012,000 ft, H. f.
un 10-18 in., sparingly branched. ' Iralis 1-3 in. diam., long-petioled ; 3-5-lobed,
Flow variously cut; cauline shorter petioled and less divided, uppermost sessile.
ry few, 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered racemes; pedicels slender, curved. Cap-
-3in, slender, erect, valves membranous.

4 STYLOPHORUM, Nuttal.

pij Pal herbs ; ju innati low or red.

, ; juice yellow. — Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or!

Papillosc Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled ; style erect, stigmas 2-4, ascending,

Caps $ on the inner surface; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal p acen as.

centas wh oid-oblong or linear, dehiscing by 2-4 valves between the pla-

+ ich remain attached to the persistent stigmas.— DISTRIB. Speci
»“Mperate European and Asiatic.

L S. lactuco h i leaves
inate etucoides, Benth. d Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 53; laxly hairy, leave
m Tnd S Dinnatifd, flowers yellow. Dicisnostigma lactucoides, H. Z. € 1.

Im .
Dude of the QARWHAL Hmaraya, alt. 11,000 ft., Strach. & Winterb.

k stout, wood : 5 in., glaucous beneath,
segmen » Woody. Stem 6-10in. Leaves numerous, 3-9 mM., 8 selle. Scapes
3-4. gl ovate, hairy on both surfaces; petiole winged; cauline sessile.

Sader. Flowers few, 2 in. diam., pedicels slender. Sepals pilose, tips horned.

120

Orver IX. FUMARIACEZE.

Annual or perennial herbs; juice watery. Zeaves usually divided, seg-
ments not jointed. Flowers small, racemed, irregular, hermaphrodite. Ki :
2, small, scale-like, deciduous. Petals 4, in usually very dissimilar pairs;
2 outer larger, one or both gibbous or spurred ; 2 inner smaller, erect, tips
often coherent, Stamens 6,in 2 bundles (4, free in Hypecowm), opposite
the outer petals ; anther of central stamen in each bundle 2-celled, of lateral
l-celled. Ovary 1l-celled; style long or short, stigma obtuse or lobed;
ovules 2 or more, amphitropous, parietal. Fruit a 2-valved, many-see
capsule, or an indehiscent l-seeded nut, Seeds albuminous, raphe some-
times appendaged ; embryo minute.—DisTRIB. Genera 7; species about
100, natives of the temp. and warm regions of the N. hemisphere.

Stamens 4, free. . ... +, + + s + + ee ee s. V. l. HxreEcoty.
Stamens 6, diadelphous.
Outer petals both spurred; capsule many-seeded . . . . . 2. DICENTRA.
One outer petal spurred ; capsule many-seeded . . . . . . 3. CoryDALIS.
One outer petal spurred ; fruit indehiscent, nut 1-seeded . . . 4. FUMARIA.

1l. HYPECOUM, Tournefort.

Low annual glaucous herbs, Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers yellow white
or purplish. Sepals 2, small Petals 4, spreading, 2 outer flat or slightly
concave, obovate, obtuse or obtusely 3-toothed ; 2 inner 3-lobed, midlo
concave. Stamens 4, free, opposite the petals, with sometimes a stalk :
gland at the base of each ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, septate within
style short, stigmas 2, glandular at the tips; ovules many, on 2 pare
placentas. Capsule slender, transversely septate within, breaking up into
joints or longitudinally 2-valved. Seeds compressed.—DiISTRIB. Species 4-5;
natives of the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia.

l. E. procumbens, /inn.; leaves 2-3-pinnatisect, flowers yellow

outer petals 3-lobed, midlobe of inner toothed or fimbriate. H. f. &
Fl. Ind. 275.

Drier parts of the Puxsaus; Peshawur, Vicary, Mooltan, Edgeworth, Salt Range
Fleming, &c.—Disrrm. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. i

Stems many, procumbent, 3-12 in, slender. Leaves 2—4in., segments linear or oblon th
cut; upper sessile, whorled. Flowers few, 4 in. diam., pedicelled. Inner etals 13i
the Jateral segments linear-oblong, obtuse, midlobe eutire retuse or 2-fid. Frut 1}
in., & in. broad, curved, subcompressed, at length breaking up into 1-seeded joints.

2. H. leptocarpum, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 276; leaves 2-pinnatisecty
flowers pale purple, outer petals obtuse, midlobe of inner oblong cucu

Sandy soil in West. Tiner, alt. 9-12,000 ft., T. T'.; interior of the SIKKIM Hon
LAYA, alt. 12-14000 ft., H. f. . Dinne

Stems many, procumbent, 6-12 in, much branched. Leaves many, 2-4 in., P! ert
4 in. distant; pinnules oblong, sharply cut; uppermost linear, whorled. F on
1-4 in. diam.; pedicels slender. Inner petals lobed almost to the middle. J ruit à
very slender, breaking up into 1-seeded joints.

2, DICENTRA, Borkhaus.

Glabrous, perennial rooted, climbing, slender herbs. Leaves decompo
petiole ending in a branched tendril. Flowers yellow or purple, in leaf-op

Dicentra, | IX. FUMARIACEÆ. 121

pendulous racemes or corymbs. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, connivent;
2 outer oblong, concave, base saccate; 2 inner clawed, tips cohering, keeled.
mens 6, diadelphous from the base or from above the middle ; mid-anther
of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform,
stigma 2-lobed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule dehiscing by
2 membranous (rarely fleshy) longitudinal valves, which leave the seed-
ring placentas attached to the stigma. Seeds small, beaked, arillate or
not.—Distrip. Several species, natives of temp. N. Asia and N. America.

l. D. torulosa, Z. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 272 ; peduncles 6-8-flowered corym-
or subumbellate, bracts fimbriate, capsule narrow torulose, seeds opaque.

. Kuasa nius, alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. .
Stem 8-10 ft.. Leaf-segments 4-1 in., ovate to linear-lanceolate. Flowers 3-3 in.
long, golden-yellow ; pedicels 4 in.; bracts as long, membranous, linear. Filaments
Mice short basal spur, Capsule 14-3 in., linear. Seeds 1-seriate, granulate ; aril

2. D. Roylei, H. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 273; peduncles 2-4 flowered, bracts
lanceolate, capsule narrow not torulose, seeds shining.

TEMPERATE HItxLAYA, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Bhotan, Grifith, to Simla, Lady Dal-
housie. Kuasra HILLS, Griffith, &c.

Similar to D. torulosa, but more slender, 2-4 ft. Flowers 3-1 in. long, yellow,
pmetimes tinged purple ; pedicels 4-1 in., longer than the lanceolate membranous
ts. Capsule 1-1} by } in. Seeds 2-seriate, black; aril small.

3. D. scandens, Walp. Rep. i. 118; peduncles 8-12-flowered, bracts

very small, capsule membranous lanceolate, seeds smooth shining.
€ T. Fl. Ind, 273, Macrocapnos scandens, Royle, Dielytra scandens, Don

Prodr. 198,

Torerare HIMALAYA; alt. 5-6000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Garwhal, Edgeworth.
orbi slender, flexuous, angled. Leaves alternate, segments 4-1 in., oval oblong or
wa T. Plowers 3-1 in. long, yellow or purple; peduncle 2-3 in., slender, often
L J; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts linear. Capsule 1-1} in., acute at both ends, style

din, valves membranous. Seeds finely granulate at the back.

OV D. thalictrifolia, 7. f. £ T. Fl. Ind. 273; peduncle 8-19-flowered,
bracts very small, capsule rw ovate-cordate, seeds granulate Dactyli-

$7. a ua alietrifolla, Wall, Tent, 51, t. 89; Cat. 1426 ; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard.
. 2t. 197.
T

Kuu RATE HIQLAYA, alt. 4-8000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich; to Bhotan, Gr ifith ;
Very 5145 at the Kala Pani Bungalow, alt. 5000 ft, H. f. & T. she capsule i
kado, similar to D. scandens and possibly not distinct specifically, but the cap n

seeds f jin. long, thick, fleshy, very tardily dehiscent, the style is stouter, and tà
Sikki nely granulate near the hilum and coarsely so on the back.—It is common 1n
m and the pods are drier and most dehiscent at higher elevations.

3. CORYDALYIS, DC.
Freet or pr

rostrate herbs, usually perennial rooted. eaves lobed or cut,
Wi pastimes opposite. Flousre racemed, rarely subumbellate, small,
2 oute lue yellow or purple. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, erèct, or ed qa
the | A dissimilar, anterior flat or concave, posterior gibbous or SP dk adel
ls. ^: Inner clawed, tips free or cohering, keeled. Stamens 6, xi
anther op tor bundle with a basal spur enclosed in the petal-spur 1 - &li-
of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style fili-

199 IX. FUMARIACER. [ Corydalis.

form, stigmas 2 minute or dilated ; ovules 2 or more, on 2 parietal placentas
Capsule ovoid oblong elliptic or linear, valves 2 membranous leaving t e
seed-bearing placentas attached to the style. Seeds small, beaked, a
fleshy or 0.—DrsTRIB. Species about 70, temp. European and Asiatic, wit
a few N. American and Cape species.

Secr. I. Erect leafy branched fibrous-rooted herbs. Capsule narrow linear.
Seeds 1-seriate.

1. C. ophiocarpa, H. f. & T. FL Ind. 959; leaves 2-pinnatised,
racemes lax many-flowered terminal and leaf-opposed, posticous petal equal-
ling or exceeding the broad obtuse spur tip flat obcordate, anticous linear
concave, capsule tortuous.

Moist valleys of the Srxxim-Himaxaya, alt. 9000 ft., H. f. . š

Stem 2-3 ft., slender, branched. Leaves 4-8 in., glaucous beneath, pinne 1-2 In,
pinnules obovate-oblong, segments obtuse, mucronate, glaucous beneath. F'lowers yellow;
bracts minute, subulate, entire. Sepals orbicular, fimbriate. -Posticous petal curved ;
lateral united below the tip. Style sender, equalling the many-ovuled ovary. Cap
lin. Seeds small, black, shining, punctate; funicle thickened.

2, C. flaccida, JZ. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 260; tall, leaves 3-4-pinnatisect,

racemes terminal and axillary many-flowered, posticous petal twice as long
as the curved conical spur, tip spathulate 2-lobed, pod straight.

Moist valleys of the Srxxim-Himataya, alt. 11-12,000 ft., H. f. . nx

Stem 2-3 ft., stout, erect, branched. Leaves 6-12 in., membranous; pinnz 2 d i
pinnules subsessile, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, not glaucous beneath; lobes roun :
apiculate. Flowers 4-3 in. long, brown-purple; racemes 2-6 in. ; lower bracts leafy,
median cut or lobed, upper narrow. Sepals ovate, acute, toothed. Posticous pe

plano-convex, tip rounded winged. Style slender, twice as long as the linear ovary:
Capsule 1-14 in., linear. `

3. ©. leptocarpa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 260; diffuse, leaves 2-ternately
pinnatisect, racemes long-peduncled 2-7 flowered leaf-opposed, postico

petal concave acuminate much shorter than the slender curved spur, pod
erect straight torulose.

Eastern HIMALAYA, in Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft., H. f. 1
Stem 6-12 in. weak, branched, decumbent. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled, me
branous, segments broadly obovate, deeply cut, lobes rounded, glaucous or not beneath.
Flowers 1-1} in. long, dull purple; bracts obovate or oblong-cuneate, cut. SP”
minute, oblong, fimbriate. Posticous petal concave, narrow oblong, tip winged i

anticous spathulate, acuminate. Style slender, half as long as the linear ovary.

sule he in, narrow linear. Seeds 1-seriate, black, shining, smooth; aril broad,
2-lobed.

Sect. IT. Root fibrous. Pod short, elliptic obovate lanceolate or subglo-
bose. Seeds 2-seriate.

*Root bulbous, or rootstock elongate, stem simple. Radical leaves few
or 0; cauline opposite alternate or whorled. Racemes undivided.

4. C. ruteefolia, Sibth. Flor. Grec. t. 607 ; leaves opposite or whorled
2-3-ternately cut, raceme erect 6-12-flowered, bracts entire, outer etala n?
keeled equalling or shorter tban the inflated obtuse spur. H. f. & T. FLI i
262, C. diphylla, Wall. Cat. 1430 ; Tent. Fl. Nep. 54 ; C. pauciflora, Edge,
in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 30. C. longipes, Don Prodr. 198 (not of Dc.

Corydalis, IX. FUMARIACE Z. 193

C. Hamiltoniana, Don Syst. Gard. i. 142. C. Griffithii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2,
No. 1, p. 15 ; Grifith Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 658, f. 23.

Western HIMALAYA, alt. 610,000 ft., from Kumaon to Marri, Fleming.—Distris.
Mts. of the Levant, W. Asia, and Soongaria. .

Rootstock slender. Stem 3-8 in., erect, simple. Leaves 2-3, subsessile; segments
small rounded in much-divided leaves, more commonly 1-1 in., ovate-oblong or linear,
entire or lobed, much veined. Flowers 1-1 in. long, bright purple, tips dark ;; bracts
oblong or lanceolate, veined, shorter than ithe pedicels. Sepals minute. Style shorter
than the oblong ovary; stigma dilated. Capsule 1 in., ovate-oblong. .

Van. 1; posticous petal dilated upwards very obtuse mucronate or emarginate.

^R. 2; posticous petal narrow concave acute.—C. verticillaris, DC. Prodr. i. 126.

5. C. cachemiriana, Royle Jil. 69, t. 16, f. 1; radical leaves palmately
3-5-partite, cauline usually alternate 3-6-partite, flowers subumbellate,
ower bracts 3-fid, posticous petal about equalling the curved spur. Jf. f. £
T. Fl. Ind, 263,

Kacaneare and SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, H. f., to
shmir, Royle. . e.
Bulb small, scaly. Stem 2-6 in. Radical leaves long-petioled, early withering;
cauline near the top of the stem, subsessile ; lobes 3-1 in., linear, entire. Flowers
‘Tin. long, bright blue with dark-blue tips; racemes terminal, 3-8-flowered ; bracts
, "ceeding the pedicels. Sepals minute. Posticous petal concave, acute or acuminate.
Capsule linear-oblong, pendulous or deflexed.

6. C. polygalina, 77. f. € T. FI. Ind. 963 ; simple, leaves cauline alter-
hate pinnate, racemes axillary and terminal 5-10-flowered, lower bracts
d, posticous petal shorter than the straight obtuse cylindric spur.

Sikkni-Hrrjray a alt. 14-16,000 ft., H. in 5
Soot and radical leaves unknown. Cauline leaves 1-2 in., subsessile, pinnæ in vi
its, lower 3-S-partite; segments lin. narrow-linear, coriaceous, parallel veines.
a rs iin, yellow with a dark purple spot; pedicels very short; upper bracts
ceolate. Posticons petal vaulted, acute, wing narrow. Capsule }-} in., oblong.—
Allied to C rutefolia, but distinguished by the habit, alternate leaves, axillary racemes,
Winged tips of the petals.

7; G.juncea, Wall, Tent Fl. Nip. 54, t. 42; Cat. 1429 ; erect, slender,
fons or leaves few narrow, racemes terminal many-flowered, bracts lineer
ra Sticous petals longer than the short obtuse spur. I. £ T. Fl.

Sevgi Te Himatava, alt. 12-14,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, H. f. ` lon
brigh 1-14 ft. Leaves 4-1 in., linear-lanceolate, bract-like. Flowers i un acti
half t yellow with purple tips; racemes 2-3 in.; pedicels $- in., slender; ra e)
bin. QE. Posticous petal very convex, back broadly winged. Capsules (unrip

Oblong, in much elongate racemes, pedicels deflexed.

H i M . ith
l-2 lasa fusiform. Stem or scape simple, rarely divided, leafless or wi

ves, av i ical. es simple. Spur equalling or
exceeding the pets], Chiefly radical. Racem p

5 €. crithmig dical 2-3 pinnatisect,
olia, Hoyle Jil. 68; leaves all radica p

sents harrow or broad, raceme terminal many-flowered, bracts narrow
(a Q, greeeding the pedicels. JZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 264; Walp. Rep. i.

` epithym olia, by error). al

Meng K and Temperate HiwALAYA, ascending to 14,000 ft. from Garwhal,

; unawur, Jacquemont, &c. . A š _

Sem 12in, rather ent, leslloss. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., orbicular, pinnze long

124 IX. FUMARIACEE. [ Corydalis.

tioled, segments linear and entire, or broad and cut into narrow lobes ; petiole equal-
fing the stem. Flowers 1 in. long, pale yellow, tip purple; raceme 1-3 in. long ; bracts
1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, half as long as the slender spur. Ca
small, oblong, pedicel recurved.

9. €. Falconeri, H. f & 7.; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnate cauline
2 opposite, racemes terminal many-flowered lax or dense, bracts linear-
lanceolate entire or cut, lowest 3-fid or pinnatifid exceeding the pedicels.

WrsrEnN TisET; at Deotsu, Falconer. . o

Rootstock wocdy, base covered with withered leafsheaths. Stem 6-15 in., simple.
Radical leaves few, ong-petioled; pinne 1-2 pair, shortly petioled; pinnules 3-parüte ;
segments narrow, 3-nerved; cauline leaves above the middle of the stem, sessile “
petioled, 2 pinnate, lanceolate, 3-nerved. Flowers 1—3 in. long, yellow ?, with purple
tips; racemes 1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, back winged, equalling br
cylindric slightly hooked spur. Capsule 3 in., oblong, much longer than the persisten
style; pedicel deflexed. Seeds black, shining.

10. C. elegans, Wall. Cat. 1435 ; erect or decumbent, radical leaves

innate cauline low down on the stem, racemes terminal, 6-14-flower
bracts large cuneate-oblong acuminate equalling or exceeding the pedic
flowers very broad. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 265.

WESTERN Himaraya, alt. 13-14,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Blinkworth, to Deotsu,
Falconer. th

Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 6-12 in., simple, base clothed with withered sheaths.
Radical leaves 3-4 in., petiole as long ; pinne 2-5 pair, 1 in. long, subsessile, orbicu'an
base cuneate, deeply 5—7-lobed, segments obtuse or mucronate. Flowers 1 in. lon
(yellow with purple tips?). Posticous petals very convex, broadly ovate, subacute, back
wing very broad, equalling the wide conical very obtuse spur. Capsules small, oblong ;

pedicels spreading or deflexed.—A rare and imperfectly known plant ; its flowers ae
very broad.

1l. C. Govaniana, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nip. 55; Cat. 1431; stem stout,
radical leaves many oblong 2-pinnatisect cauline 1-2 or 0, racemes termin i
dense many-flowered, bracts broadly cuneate exceeding the pedicels €!
above the middle. Royle IUl. t. 16, £ 2; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 261.

Western HIMALAYA, alt. 812,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Govan, to Kashmir, T. P^

Rootstock woody, often branched, crowned with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 1-2 i
as thick as the thumb, almost naked or with 1-2 leaves near the top. Radical -—
nearly equalling the stem, long-petioled, pinnules cuneate-lanceolate, cut into Jineà!
segments, 2 near the base. Flowers 1 in. long, bright yellow; racemes 2-4 1n. der
cous petal very convex, back wing very broad, limb shorter than the curved slen
spur. Capsule 4-3 in.; style persistent, half its length.

12. C. tibetica, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 265; small, decumbent, glabrous
or subpilose, glaucous, radical leaves many pinnatisect, cauline 1 0

racemes terminal short 4-12-flowered, bracts lanceolate and entire or 0V*
oblong and cut.

Western Tiger; alt. 14-17,000 ft., from Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Balti, T. T

Rootstock prostrate, densely crowned with withered sheaths. Stem 2-6 10+ bia
tufted, decumbent, rarely forked with a leaf at the fork. Radical leaves 3-4 in., x: a
pinne 1-3 in., orbicular or oval, cut to the base. Flowers 3 in., pale yellow, Ups "
or green. Posticous petal winged at the back, equalling the straight spur. pr
j in., narrow oblong, about equalling the persistent style; pedicel deflexed. See :
smooth.— Perhaps an alpine slate of C. Moorcroftiana.

Corydalis.] IX. FUMARIACE E. 125

*** Root fusiform. Stem branched (simple in 13, Moorcroftiana and 14,
wi). Racemes often divided. Spur equalling or exceeding the
Petals. (See also 24, crassifolia.)

13. C. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 1432 ; stout, erect, glaucous, more
or less glandular, leaves 2-3-pinnatisect, racemes many-flowered simple or
branched, bracts linear or lanceolate entire or lobed. Æ. f. £ T. Fl. Ind.

Westers Tiger; alt. 10-17,000 ft., from Gagi, Strach. & Wint, to Balti, Moor-
croft—Distrip, Affghanistan. i
tstock stout, woody, densely clothed with withered sheaths. Stem 6-18 in,
naked or leafy, simple or divided. Leaves 3-8 in., oblong, pinne ovate or orbicular,
variously cut and lobed. Flowers 3 in. long, yellow, tips purple. Postic oue potat
tuse, back broadly keeled, equalling the straight obtuse spur. Capsule 3 in., narrow
elliptic, acute at both ends; style persistent, half as long. Seeds black, shining.

M. c. Gortschakovii, Schrenk. Enum. Plant. Soongar. 100 ; stem
erect quite glabrous leafy, radical leaves decompound glaucous, pinnules
ioled, racemes dense many-flowered terminal and axillary, bracts leafy
incised. Ledeb FU, Alt. i. 746 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 267.
TrsgTAN HIMALAYA, from Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir, T. T., and Hasora,
aequemont, &e.—DIsTRIB. Soongaria. .
Sotstock woody. Stem 1-2 ft, simple or branched. Radical leaves 6-12 in., leaves
Spetioled, ovate, pinnze and pinnules petioled, segments incised. Flowers 3-1 in.
"& Yellow, tips purple. —Posticous petal equalling the straight obtuse spur, dorsal
wing broad or narrow. Capsule and seeds of C. Mooreroftiana.—We have fragments of a
c from Tibet, N. of Nipal, apparently intermediate between this and the last species.
2e Soongarian specimens of this have simple stems and larger flowers than the
n.

Himalaya

l 15. G. ramosa, Wall. Cat. 1434; stem procumbent weak branched,
iin decompound segments linear, racemes terminal many lax many-
?Wered, bracts eut into linear lobes. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 267.
NE HIMALAYA, alt. 1215,00 ft., from Sikkim, H. f., to Kashmir, T. T.
Glaucous, Stem 1-2 ft. (dwart ot high elevations), ds leafy, flexuous. Radical
oy few or many, long-petioled, 2-3 times divided, ultimate segments small narrow
-ong or linear, Flowers Lin. long, yellow; racemes 1-5 in. „Posticous petal dorsally
Betts hooded, equalling or shorter than the obtuse spur. Capsules obovate-oblong,

; Style persistent, pedicels deflexed. Seeds shining. .
; Vam.1. glauca; leaves very glaucous, segments very narrow, wing of posticous petal
Toad subentire.

Postion: 2. vaginans ; leaves membranous less glaucous, segments broader, wing of

cous petal ]
Var g? acerate

narrow,

nana; dwarf, alpine, leaves subsessile, wing of posticous petal very

l6. C. sibiric ii branched, prostrate
* SII a, Pers. Synops. ii.70 ; subglaucous, branched, p ,
faves ?-pinnate, segments 3.5 broad-ovate deeply cut, racemes lax few-
Dr terminating long slender branches, bracts small cut into narrow
Fi; PYV recurved, seeds shining. ZZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 268. C. Im ations,
Ma în DC. Prodr. i, 128, C. longipes, D.C. ; Wall. Cat, 1433; Tent. Pl.
m 4 (ad, not of Don Prodr.) C. filiformis, Royle Il. 65.
eno x4 alt. 7-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Garwhal; Kasia HILLS, alt. 6000 ft.—
Stem asam Siberia. branous. Flowers yellow
i . m; Weak, much branched, leafy. Leaves membranous. .À
Vin. long, Posticous etal irs a state MR ua or exceeding the very broad conic

“

126 IX. FUMARIACEZ. [ Corydalis.

obtusc'spur. Capsule 4-4 in., linear, or linear obovate, style very short.—Very variable,
and possibly a form of Q. ramosa. Wallich's figure of C. longipes is unlike. his specimen
or those of any other plant, and is probably made up of several allied species.

17. €. cornuta, Royle IUl. 69; glaucous, decumbent, branched, leaves
2-3-pinnate, pinne cuneate-obovate or oblong, racemes terminal many-
flowered dense elongate, bracts small entire or cut, spur straight or tip
hooked, seeds opaque. H. f.d T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. debilis, Edgew. in Trans
Linn. Soc. xx. 30. :

Temperate HrMALAYA, alt. 810,000 ft., from Kumaon, Strach. & Wint., to Kashmir,

T.

Habit of C. ramosa and sibirica. Leaves long-petioled, ultimate segments sofà
lobes rounded. Flowers 4-3 in., yellow, tips purple; racemes 1-3 in. Postwcous i
convex, acute, dorsally winged, shorter than the cylindric spur. Capsules variable,
linear-obovate or obovate-oblong ; style short, persistent; pedicels short deflexed.

18. C. chærophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 128; stem erect leafy branched,
leaves deltoid decompound, racemes terminal panicled, lower bracts leafy,
spur slender. Wall. Cat. 1428 ; Tent. Fl. Nip. t. 40 (spur too short); Do

rodr. 198 ; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. geraniifolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 26.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft.; from Sikkim to Kumaon. .

Stem 2-4 ft, branched above. Leaves pale beneath; lower and radical 6-10 10,
long-petioled, upper subsessile, lower pinnæ petioled, second and third decurrent, u ti
mate segments oblong, acute or acuminate. Flowers 3 in., golden-yellow, slender;
bracts oval or oblong, cut, upper entire. Posticous petal concave, acute, dorsal wing
narrow, shorter than the spur. Capsules } in., broad-linear or linear-obovate, spreading ;
pedicels short. Seeds few, shining.— C. geraniifolia is a large lax leafy state, with mu
cut bracts and more acute segments, found in humid districts of Sikkim.

**** Root fusiform. Stem simple or branched. Spur short saccate (ex
cept 24, crassifolia). .
T Leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or decompound.

19. C. latiflora, H. f. € T. Fl. Ind. 370 ; dwarf, glaucous, stem simple
leaves 2-3-pinnate cauline 2 opposite, flowers 3-6 subumbellate, b
near.
ALPINE HIMALAYA ; Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 15,000 ft., H. f. ;
Rootstock slender, 6-12 in., with many membranous oblong mucronate scales Hl "d
long. Stem or scape 2-4 in. Leaves many, 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-deltoid, long
tioled ; pinne petioled, alternate, small, linear-oblong, acute. Flowers Mos ve
road, pale blue, tips yellow; bracts 4-1 in., equalling the pedicels. Posticous ye
broadly winged, much larger than the obtuse spur.

20. C. stricta, Stephan ; stout erect, simple or branched, leaves thick,
2-pinnate sheaths rigid, cauline similar, alternate, racemes short sım le, 0
branched, bracts small subulate, capsules linear pendulous. Led. Fi.
li. 244; Ic, Fl. Ross, t. 56. C. astragalina, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 270.
anes Tipe, alt. 14-16,000 ft. in Nari, Jacquemont, and Ladak, T. T —Disri

tai Mts.

Rootstock crowned with rigid shining leafbases. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves pro
3-6 in., petioles long, oval or oblong, glaucous, pinnules cut into linear-oblong lobes.
Flowers $-3 in., yellow ; pedicels short, slender, pendulous ; bracts white, membranous
Sepals lanceolate from a broad ovate obliquely cordate fimbriate base. Posticous pet!
nearly flat, abruptly acuminate, margins membranous, tip recurved. Capsules 1-1h
style short, rigid. Seeds large shining.

21. C. meifolia, Wall. Tent. Flor. Nip. 52, t. 41; Cat. 1427; stem de
erect leafy, leaves decompound segments linear or capillary;

Corydalis.] IX, FUMARIACER. 197

many-flowered dense, lower bracts leafy pectinate, capsules oblong. DC.

Prodr. L 198; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 271. C. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Pr. Wald.
Reise, t. 35.

HntALAYA, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kunawur.

Rootstock stout, branched. Stems 6-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves very many,
1-8 in., oblong, segments crowded acuminate. Flowers 4-3 in., yellow, tips purple;
racemes 1-2 in. ; lower pedicels often elongate. Posticous petal obtuse, dorsal wing

ài d, twice as long as the obtuse spur. Capsules 1 in., pedicel curved. Seeds 4-6
shining.

tt Leaves simply pinnate or trisect.

22. C. flabellata, Edgew, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 30; glaucous, stem
Sect rigid much-branched, leaves pinnate, pinne 4-6 pair flabelliform,

Tacemes strict panicled dense-flowered, bracts very small, capsules linear.
H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 271.

West Tiner and Tineran Himaxaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Kumaon, Edgeworth,
to Gilgit, Winterbottom. i
Stem 2-3 ft., striate. Leaves 6.8 in.; pinne distant, 1-14 in. diam., crenate or lobed.
ers 4-1 in., yellow, curved, racemes 2-6 in. long; pedicels very short. Posticous
petal obtuse, cucullate, twice as long as the decurved inflated spur. Capsule 4-1 in.,
spreading or deflexed ; style slender. Seeds 8-10, dotted, shining.

23. ©. adiantifolia, 77. J. € T. Fl. Ind. 271; glaucous, stems many-
branched, leaves pinnate, pinn: 2-5 pair orbicular or reniform, racemes

in dense many-flowered, bracts subulate exceeding the buds, capsules

— Vestrex Tiset; Zanskar (not Kishtwar as in Fl. Ind.), alt. 12-14,000 ft., T. T: :
Pootstock stout, woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 6-18 in., brane je
the base. Leaves 3-6 in. linear-oblong ; pinne remote, 4-4 in. diam., entire cre-
rd , e cuneate or cordate. Flowers 3-1 in., yellow, tips brown;
Facemes 1-3 in

; i base lacerate.

1 -; pedicels very short. Sepals membranous, long-subulate, t
ddicous pet wv nearly straight, slender, abruptly acuminate, much longer than the in-
I ostuse incurved spur, Capsule 1 in., acuminate at both ends; style straight.—

lairs near C. flabellata, but smaller, pinnæ often cordate, and bracts setaceous like soft

A. e. crassifolia, Royle IU. 69 ; glaucous, stem simple, leaves thick
Teniform 3-5-lobed or + MCA racemes terminal dense-flowered simple or
d, bracts leafy obovate-lanceolate or spathulate entire, capsules su
lufated. H. f & T, Fl. Ind. 261. C. crassissima, Cambess. in Jacq.
O aot 12, t. 11; Thoms. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. VI and iv. t. 9.

a YSocarpa, Cambess, Le. t. 12.

Ran Tiser and Tiseran HIMALAYA, alt. 14—17,000 ft., from Kunawur to Balti.
Ootstoch, pr d

. Map" lv

i ostrate, woody. Stem 3-8 in. Radical leaves few, 2-5 in. diam., earl;

hin almost: fleshy, long-petioled ; lobes crenate or again lobed, with etioled

iHi A Falmati-partite (rarely pinnate) segments ; cauline 1-3, subsessile. po ouers
i» White or yellowish, variegated with purple, racemes 1—3 in. long. bes m

diam, : Toad, obtuse, wingless, equalling the cylindric incurved spur. Caps .
"> Style short, persistent.

4, FUMARIA, Linn.
u

Annual rare] i dent. Leaves
ivi branched, often scandent. .
Ic cent tnt Pom sal ha slur
of dn, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals, petals ot) sone

$ Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform, stigma entire or shortly lobed ;

198 ' IX. FUMARIACE E. [ Fumaria.

ovules 2, on 2 placentas. Fruit indehiscent, globose, 1-seeded.— DISTRIB.

Species about 8; usually agrarian weeds of the temperate regions of the
Old World.

1. F. parviflora, Lamk. sub-sp. VAILLANTII, Loisel (sp.) ; diffuse, leaf-
segments flat, racemes lax-flowered, sepals lanceolate much smaller than the
corolla-tube, pedicels exceeding the bracts, fruit globose rugose when dry
rounded at the top with 2 pits.

IxpocANaETIC plain, Lower HiwALAYA and Ninonri Mrs, a weed of cultivation.
—Distris.: of the genus.

Pale green, much branched. Racemes 1-2 in. Flowers }-} in., whitish or rose-
coloured, tips purple.

Orver X. CRUCIFERZE. (By Hooker f. & T. Anderson.)

Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; juice watery, often pungent. Leaves cauline
and radical, the latter in a rosette, cauline alternate, exstipulate. Flowers
racemed, rarely solitary on scapes, or axillary. Sepals 4, free, 2 lateral (op-
posite the placentas) often large and saccate at the base, imbricate. Petals
4, free, hypogynous, placed crosswise, imbricate. Stamens 6 (rarely 1, 2, 0T
many) ; 2 outer opposite the lateral sepals ; 4 inner longer, in opposite pairs.
Disk with usually 4 glands opposite the sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a pla-
cental membrane, or 1-celled, or with superimposed cellules ; style short or
0 ; stigma simple or with 2 lobes opposite the placentas ; ovules 1-2 0T ?»
2-seriate on two parietal placentas, rarely solitary and erect. Fruit either
a 2-celled 2-valved pod, the valves deciduous and leaving the seeds on the
persistent placentas (replum), or indehiscent, or transversely jointed.
small, albumen 0 ; cotyledons large, plano-convex or longitudinally concave
or folded, foliaceous in germination ; radicle turned up on the back of one
cotyledon (incumbent), or facing the edges of both (accumbent).— DISTRIB.
Genera 172 ; species about 1200 ; natives chiefly of temperate regions of the
Old World,

Series A.

Pods long or short, dehiscing throughout their length, terete 4-angled of
compressed dorsally (parallel to the septum). I

Trise L Arabidese. Pods narrow, long. Seeds usually 1-seriatt
Cotyledons accumbent. (Pods sometimes short in 2, Parrya, 5, Nasturt

and 10, Wotoceras ; seeds 2-seriate in Arabis glabra, and in some specie T
2, Parrya.)

* Sepals narrow, erect. Valves without horns or appendages. Stigmas eth
connate or decurrent on the style (2-lobed in some species of 2. Parry.
Erect branched hoary herbs . . 2... 1. MATTHIOLA

Low alpine tufted scapigerous herbs . . : . . : e. . 9. PARRYA.

** Sepals broad or narrow. Stigma undivided or shortly 2-lobed. (See als?
2, Parrya.)

Sepals erect, lateral saccate.—Hoary leafy erec `. . . 8. CREIRANTHUS
Anthers of long stamens 1-celled. —À minate hee DO _ 4. ATELANTHEB-
Sepals spreading, not saccate; pods tumid, seeds minute 2-
seriate. Flowers usually yellow . EET wiis
Sepals not saccate; pods 4-angled; seeds 1-seriate
yellow. . .. ....

5. NASTURTIUM-
6. BARBAREA

. . .

. Flowers

. . . . . .

x. CRUCIFERX. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 129

Sepals erect, not saccate; pods flat, strongly nerved; seeds
flattened.—Flowers white or rose . . . . . + + + - °
Sepals not saccate ; pods of Arabis but hardly nerved, usually
acute; stamens simple.—Flowers white or purple . . . - 8. CARDAMINE.
Sepals spreading, not saccate; long stamens bent above the
middle.—A. minute herb; flowers few, purple . . . . » 29, LoxosTEMOX.

7. ARABIS.

*** Valves with horns or appendages,
Pods short, valves septate within. . . . . . . . . . .10. Novoceras.

Tre IL Alyssinese. Pods short, broad. Seeds usually 2-seriate.
Cotyledons accumbent. (Pod sometimes long and seeds 1-seriate in 11, Far-
«tia, and cotyledons rarely incumbent in 13, Draba. See also 2, Parrya.)

* Pods 2-celled, many-seeded ; seeds compressed, often winged.
Pods sessile; seeds l-seriate . . . . « L1. FARSETIA.

** Pods 1-2-celled, 2~many-seeded ; valves often tumid ; seeds 2-servate, rarely
winged, (Sepals never saccate ; flowers white or yellow.)
Stamens often appendaged ; pods usually orbicular and 4-seeded.
—Hoary herbs . . Mu :
ens not appendaged ; pods longer than broad, many-seeded.

12. ALYSSUM,

tals entire—Hoary herbs . . . 13. DRABA.
aracters of Draba but petals2-fid . . . . . . + + + 14. Emormwa.
pals short, spreading.—Glabrous herbs. . . . . + + + 15, CocHLEARIA.

Tame IIL Sisymbrieæ. , Pods usually sessile, long, narrow. Seeds
ambat nt? (2-seriate in 19, Zufrema); cotyledons straight, flat, in-

* Qu us
n1 ignatic-obes erect, free, or connate in a cone.
ngid, terete. Flowers white or purple . . . + + e - 16 MALCOLMIA.

* Q; .

i Stigma capitate emarginate or shortly 2-lobed.

'amens with a broad basal scale 2.2 s s n + + 17. LEPIDOSTEMON.
Pals erect or spreading; pod many seeded, valves 1-3-nerved;

Sep onally Lseriate.—Hairs simpleor 0 . . . + + > 18. SISYMBRIUM.
9. 5 Short, erect ; pods terete, valves 1-ribbed; seeds usually
seriate.— Glabrous herbs . 19. EvTREMA.
pals long 1 T.

` ods — » . N . * . . br m
Bi ee Teves quia ue Tr 20, Cou.
pals M ; valves keeled.—Haire appressed forked. > > - 21. ERYSIMUM.
A fleshy hob pods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; seeds few —

. . ee ° 22. CHRISTOLEA.
I `
etylodo IV. Camelines. Pods short or long. Seeds usually 9-seriate ;
ns flat, incumbent. (See also 13, Draba.)

5 few, large. —Tufted scapigerous herbs . . . . + + + 23 Braya.

T PUT
folded V. Brassicem. Pods short or long; cotyledons longitudinally
? or deeply grooved,
Ste .

ep capitate, truncate or 2-lobed.
Pods Jone? Seeds I-seriate . el. . . . . 24, BRASSICA.

P h Compressed ; seeds 2.seriate . . . - . . . 25, DIPLOTAXIS.
Vou 1. » turgid, beaked; seeds 2-seriate . . . + + + + 26. m

130 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)

** Stigmas connate, forming an erect cone,
Pods long.—A glaucous large herb or undershrub . . . . . 27. MORICANDIA.

Series B.

Pods short, dehiscing throughout their length, compressed laterally (at
right angles to the septum), (Pod indehiscent in 31, Megacarpea.)

Tang VI. Lepidinese. Cotyledons incumbent, straight curved or lon-
gitudinally folded.

Pods many-seeded ; valves not winged . . . . . . . . + 28. CAPSELLA.
Pods few-seeded ; valves winged or not . . . . . . . + .29. Lepipium.
Pods 2-seeded ; valves with 2 dorsal crests . . . . . . . 30. Dizorg.

Tree VIT. 'Thlaspideee. Cotytedons accumbent, straight.
Pods indehiscent, 2.seeded.— Tall herbs of umbelliferous habit . 31. MEGACARPÆA.

Pods compressed notched; valves winged or keeled . . . . 32. THUASPI.
Pods elliptic or oblong, acute; valves keeled . . . . . . . 33. IBERIDELLA.
Series C.

Pods short, indehiscent, not jointed, usually hard, either 1-celled and
1-seeded, or with 2-4 1-seeded cellules in parallel series.

Tribe VIII. Esatidese. Characters of the series.
Pods 1-celled, oblong or linear, wing thick.—Glaucous herbs . 34. IsATI.
Pods 1-celled, cymbiform, wing incurved.—Glaucous herbs . . 35. TauscHERIA-
Pods 1-celled, small oblong, with a thin wing-—A glandular
twiggy undershrub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96. DIPTERYGIOM.
Pods 1-celled, wingless, globose with a subulate style.— A hairy
herb . . ................ .91. NESLIA
Pods 2-celled, obliquely beaked . . . . . . . . . . . 88. EUCLIDIUM.

Series D.
Pods long or short, transversely jointed ; joints indehiscent, or the lower
2-valved or reduced to a pedicel for the upper.
TRIBE IX. Cakilinese. Characters of the series.

Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper globose 1-seeded . 39. CRAMBE. . |.
Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper 2-celled, 2-seeded 40. PrysogHYNCH

Series E.

Pods long, not jointed, indehiscent, either 1-celled and many-seeded, 9
breaking up into many 1-celled 1-seeded indehiscent fragments.

TRIBE X. Raphaneæ. Characters of the series.
Pods long, terete, hollow or septate ; seeds globose, 2-3-celled . 41. RAPHANUS.

Pods short, curved, 4-angled, 2-3-celled, moniliform . . . . 43. GorpBACHIA
Pods short, curved, many-celled . . . 43. CuonisPoRA:

` ` ` LI . `

1 MATTHIOLA, Pr.

Annuals, or small undershrubs, with hoary and sometimes stellate p
cence. Leaves entire or sinuate, Flowers rather large, purple; brac Pod
Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals spreading, claws long.

Matthiola.) x. cRUCIFER4E. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 131

long, narrow, cylindric or flattened ; septum thick; stigma small, erect,
lobes parallel, thickened or with short horns at the base. Seeds 1-seriate,
flattened, with a narrow membranous wing.—DisTRiB. About 30 species;

re of the Mediterranean region, Arabia and Western and Central
ja,

i = incana, the common Stock, and M. tristis are cultivated in the gardens of N.
ndia,

l. M. odoratissima, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. iv. 120; leaves petioled
lower obovate upper lanceolate sinuate or pinnatisect rarely entire. DC.
Prodr, i. 134; Bot, Mag. 1711 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 149 ; Griff. It. Notes, 282,
n. 767; H. f. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 134.

West Teer in dry stony places, ascending to 12,000 feet.—Disrers. Westward to
Asia Minor and the Caucasus,

Perennial, 1-2 ft. ; hoary with stellate pubescence ; root woody. Racemes long,
erect; flowers few, large, purple, fragrant. Petals 3-1 in.; limb linear-oblong or strap-
€ waved or twisted. Pods 4 in., erect, rigid, flattened. Seeds as broad as the

2. PARRYA, Br.

jamal tufted herbs ; rootstock thick, perennial, many-headed. Leaves
near or spathulate, entire sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers large, whit
or purple, racemed or on scapes. Sepals erect, lateral sometimes saccate at
the base, Pod much flattened, short and broad or elongated and narrow;
s Ws smooth, with a midrib; septum entire or divided, membranous or
va ne; style short; stigma-lobes erect, decumbent. Seeds 1-2-seriate,
ch flattened, with a membranous wing or wingless—DISTRIB. Species
ut 10, artic or high alpine,

l, P. exsca . ses . thulate obtuse
: Scapa, Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 38; leaves spathula
due or slightly toothed, scapes 1-flowered, seeds winged, Led. Ic, fl.
EC 86; H. f. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135.
Es? Tiger, alt. 15 18,000 ft.—Disrrm, Altai Mts.
Stemless, glabrous or puberulous. Flowers purple, scapes shorter than the leaves.

1- 1 F . Li . H LI 1
enira: DÉ, narrow, drooping. Stigma sessile. Seeds 1-2-seriate; wing broad,

iter MBEFOC y ; ; 1 entire or
arpa, Br. in Parrys Voy. app. 270; leaves
h. te-toothed, flowers "'Corymbose, scapes Mach exceedihg the leaves, pods
Hp eds winged. Led. Fl. Ross, 1, 131; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. t. 15 ;
mm. n5" Journ, Linn. Soc, v. 135. Neurotoma nudicaule and scapi-
m, DC. Prodr. i 156.

aeti Barsa on of Wesr Tingr, alt. 15-18,000 ft.—Disrrrs. Aflghanistan, Altai,
Slight sia and America. . :

ad rough, very rarely glabrous. Leaves tufted, thick, petioled, lanceolate.
ttrongly vise; Scapes 6-12 in., rigid, many-flowered. Pods erect, linear, acute; valves
e Li

d,rough. Seeds 1-seriate, much flattened.

Mis f ; athu-
late or PHatycarpa, 77. f. £ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 136 ; leaves sp
hit wis patate quite vatiie scapes short few-flowered, pods ovate, seeds

Hniazay,, in the Ti ; 17,000 ft., H. f.
Tootstock ; ibetan region of Sixxim, alt. 16-17, dr t
covered with spongy old potiolós. Leaves leathery, “aku with hairy

132 X. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [ Parrya.

margins; petiole long, base sheathing. Scapes pilose, thick, sometimes bearing 1 or?
small leaves. Pods 3-1} in., tapering into the short thick style; valves thin, convex,
not veined, midrib distinct. Seeds few.

4. P. lanuginosa, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 136; leaves spathu-
late coarsely toothed, scapes woolly 8-12-flowered, pods ovate-lanceolate,
seeds not winged.

Wesr Tiger; in Gugi, alt. 17,500 ft., Strach. & Winterb. .

Small, densely woolly. Scapes erect, 2 in.; flowers small, racemose. Sepals spreading,
woolly. Petals broadly spathulate, undulate or crisped. Pods acute, about £ in., ou
line waving; septum very narrow, sometimes 0.

3. CHEIRANTHUS, Linn.

Hoary herbs, or undershrubs, with appressed bipartite hairs. Leaves
oblong-linear, entire or toothed. Flowers large, yellow or purple, raceme d.
Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed. Pod 4-angled,
compressed; valves 1-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigmatic-lobes short,
spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, without a border; cotyledons accum-
bent, very rarely imcumbent.— DisTRIB. Species about 12, natives of temp.
Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, and arctic America.

The Wall-flower, C. Cheiri, is cultivated in gardens in N. India, but is not indigenous.

1. C. parryoides, Kurz. mss, (name only) ; hoary, leaves linear-oblong
entire all radical, flowers purple, style 1 in.

West Tiger; in Spiti, Stoliczka. : d at

Rooistock covered with withered petioles. Leaves all radical, 2-3 in., rounded
the tip, clothed with fine dense tomentum. Scapes about 9 in., many-flowered, ~*~
gating during flowering. Pedicels 3-1 in., erect, tomentose. Sepals kin, hairy, pr
with a glabrous narrow membranous fringe. Petals } in. claw and base of the T4
ps purple. Pods (immature) curved and undulate, densely tomentose; style 1s !«
glabrous.

2. C. himalayensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 14, t. 13; leaves linear-
spathulate entire lobed or rarely subpinnatifid, flowers violet or puri t
pods hairy, stigma sessile. C. himalaicus, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. 90€. ™
137. .

Wesr Tiset; amongst rocks and loose stones, alt. 15-17,000 ft. EA

Rootstock much divided. Stems 2-6 in., numerous, leafy, tomentose. Leaves 80. nt.
what tufted. Flowers numerous, in rather dense terminal racemose heads, frag
Sepals short, lanceolate, obtuse, lateral scarcely saccate at the base. Petals twice 7j
length of the sepals, broadly spathulate, retuse. Fods 3-1) in., linear, compres"
valves with thickened margins. Seeds numerous, sub-2 seriate.

3. C. Stewartii, 7. Anders. ; leaves spathulate toothed at the tips
flowers buff then purple, pods glabrous, stigma sessile.

Wzsr Tiger, near Ladak, at 15-16,500 ft. elevation, Stewart. Stems

Like the preceding but differing in its glabrous pods and less divided leaves. pem
numerous, slender, erect in flower, depressed and spreading in fruit. Lower ] sub
4-1 in., subcoriaceous, woolly; upper smaller, linear, entire. Racemes terme ,
capitate, fruiting 3 in. Sepals oblong, j& in. Petals i in., broadly spat un i
Pods 1-14 by 1 in., erect, secund, linear, tapering at both ends ; valves flat, herbace sii
stigma broad; midrib and reticulated veins distinct. Seeds small, ovate-oblong,
2-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent.

Ciiranthus.] x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 133

4. C. albiflorus, 7. Anders. ; leaves subspathulate or linear-lanceolate
entire or sublobed, petals white, pods tomentose, style short. Cheiranthi
sp. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138, in note.

Zanskar in Wesr Tirer, alt. 12-16,000 ft., T. T.

A small, hoary, minutely tomentose, tufted perennial. Stems slender, covered below
by withered petioles. Lower leaves loosely tufted; upper linear-lanceolate, entire,
tarely toothed. Flowers in short, close racemes. Sepals linear, tomentose ; border
narrow, glabrous, membranous. Petals spathulate, obtuse or slightly retuse, white.
Very young pods linear, densely tomentose, many-seeded ; style short, glabrous.

4 ATELANTHERA, 7./ & T.

À minute slender annual, slightly rough with bipartite appressed hairs.
ves few, linear, entire. Flowers small, subsessile. Sepals erect, equal at
the base. Petals narrowly spathulate, emarginate. Anthers of all the
stamens with a short claw at the tip, of the long stamens 1-celled. Pod
near, compressed ; septum membranous; style short; stigma 2-lobed.
l-seriate, flattened, without a border.

L A. perpusilla, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v, 138; pods few
erect nearly 1 in. long, valves faintly nerved.
Zanskar in Wrst Tiser, T. T.

5. NASTURTIUM, Pr.

pp errestrial or aquatic, branched, glabrous or hairy herbs. Leaves entire
ed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, yellow, rarely white, sometimes bracteate.
ie short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, narrowed at the
iz Scarcely clawed, or 0. Stamens 2,4 or 6. Pod long or short, almost
erigi valves faintly 1-nerved ; septum thin, transparent ; style variable,
sete long and slender, stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds small, turgid,
Serlate or irregularly 1-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent.— DISTRIE. Species
ut 20, temp. and tropical.

ani " * officinale, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; aquatic, stem creeping
rodr 3 tus leaves pinnate, leaflets sinuate-lobed, flowers white. DC.
¥. 130, 137 ; Griff. Itin. Notes, 275, n. 660; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

` 90. (Watereress,)
babl ‘inte T. T.; Punsan, Stewart; also found near all the hill stations, but pro-
Jom roduce .—DIsTRIB. Affghanistan ; temp. Europe and Asia. ral
one, th jach branched. Leaves pinnate, the upper with 3-7 pinnules and a termina
rer than pcut into 3 repand segments. Flowers small, in short racemes. etals

on š
s SPP ° sepals. Pods 4-1 in., stalked, spreading or bent upwards. Seeds

2 N. pal T i inna-
tiid o; Palustre, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 191 ; suberect, radical leaves p
ag flowers ebracteate yellow, pods short thick. N. terrestre, Br. in Hort.
Don pz 21V. 110; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v.158. N. heterophyllum,

Abani Fl. Nep. 902,

re m tine e TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, ascending to 10,000 ft. ;

8 ENGAL.—DisTRIB. Many temperate regions. —

uvm, smooth, slightly hairy. Radical leaves numerous, petioled ; lobes broad,
sessile, q. enh, toothed, terminal larger, ovate-lanceolate, much toothed ; cauline bo
equallin >the toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, in long lax racemes, P etats a 1
or deese è sepals. Pods &-1 in., slightly curved when ripe, pedicels either horizon

` Seeds crowded, 2-seriate.

and in N.W. INDIA ;

134 x. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Nasturtium.

3. N. indicum, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 199 ; erect, radical leaves deeply pin-
natifid, flowers bracteate or ebracteate yellow, pods long narrow. H. f. €
T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138. N. madagascariense, W. d: A. Prodr. 19;
Wight Ill. t. 13. N. heterophyllum, Blume Bid. 50. Sinapis divaricata,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 123.

Common in damp places throughout India from Crvrox to Misus and Kasmtg.—
Disrris. Malayan Archipelago; Philippines, China, Japan. . sated,

A rough hairy or sometimes glabrous annual. Stem 6-12 in., erect, striate
branching from near the base. Lower leaves petioled, rarely entire, lobes genera’
toothed ; upper lyrate, frequently with small auricles. acemes long, many floweree
Flowers small. Petals equalling the sepals. Pods cylindric 4-3 in., spreading or ascen
ing. Seeds very numerous, small, rugose, 2-seriate.—Some of the states of this vara
plant closely resemble N. palustre, but have longer and less turgid pods. — like

Van. benghalense; DC. Syst. ii. 198 (Sp.) ; flowers bracteate, bracts sessile ri »
shorter than the pedicels linear-lanceolate variously toothed or entire. H. f. & 7.! 1
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 139.—Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, and the Hooghly; Assam an
Silhet to Chittagong, Tenasserim.—(China.)

4. N. montanum, Wail. Cat. 4778 (partly) ; radical leaves sinuate Tr
natifid, flowers bracteate yellow, pods short turgid. H. f. & T. Journ. Lu
Soc. v. 139. Sinapis pusilla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 125.

Subtropical Himalaya from Srm to the PUNJAB, ascending to 7000 ft; the Kaas
LLS and Brrwa.—Duisrris. Java, China, Japan. less
An annual much resembling N. indicum, but less robust, with larger smoother le

divided leaves. Pods 1-14 in., slender, not turgid.

6. BARBAREA, Pr.

Perennial or biennial branched leafy herbs with angled stems and ]yrately
pinnatifid leaves, Flowers yellow. Sepals suberect, subequal at the bare
Petals with a broad claw. Pod long, linear, compressed, 4-angled, pun
seeded ; valves hard, stout; usually strongly keeled. Seeds small, 1-serl t
ovoid, without a margin; cotyledons accumbent.—DIsTRIB. Species abou
20, chiefly European.

1, B. vulgaris, Br. Hort, Kew. ed. 2, iv. 109; perennial, usually

branched, pods strongly keeled. DC. Prodr. i. 140; H.f. £ T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 139.

Temperate and subalpine HIMALAYA and W. Teer; alt. 6-10,000 ft, — DISTRIB.
Europe, W. Asia, N. and S. Africa, Australia. :oled
Stiff, erect, smooth. Stems 9-18 in., furrowed, green, leafy. Lower leaves penne
lyrate-pinnate, terminal lobe large subrotund; upper leaves sessile, obovate, ett
sinuate or pinnatifid at the base, lowest lobes auricled stem-clasping. Pods Lu t
numerous in a crowded raceme, narrow-linear, rigid; pedicels erect or spreads?
style about ~y in, stout, straight. thed,
Var. 1. taurica, DC. Syst. ii. 207 (Sp.); upper leaves ovate entire or too
pedicels of the ripe pods almost horizontal, pols erect stout rigid a little cu :
style rather long and slender. Griff. Itin. Notes 306 n. 1047-1503. B. Iberica, “7 tah,
208; B. arcuata, Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 48; B. prsecox, Fries. Nov. 206,”
Kew. (not of others).—Kashmir and W. Tibet, alt. 6—10,000 ft. (Affghanistan, 1»
and throughout Europe.)— The fully ripe pods of Affghan specimens vary from I Mol
Van. 2. sicula, Presl. delic. Prag. (Sp); less robust, lower leaves lyrate, „tei le
lobes ovate, lateral often wanting, upper leaves pinnate, segments linear, pedice’s ie
spreading, pods straight narrow compressed subtorulose, style short almost as bro
the pod.—B. intermedia, Boreau Flor. Cent. France, ii. 40.—W. Tibet and Tem
Himalaya, alt. 6-17,000 ft; Nilghiri Mts. (Asia Minor, S. Europe.)

Barbarea.) x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 135

2 B. elata, H. f. £ T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140 ; biennial, simple, pods
faintly 1-nerved.

Inner ranges of SikK1M, alt. 11-13,000 ft., always near villages, H J. .

Glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, generally simple, striated. Radical
leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe oblong obtuse.sinuate; cauline leaves auricled,
obovate, entire sinuate-lobed or coarsely toothed. Facemes very long, few-flowered.
Petals bright yellow. Pedicels erect, thick, shorter than the pod. Pods j-$ in., thick,

turgid ; style short, distinct; valves convex, midrib indistinct.

7. ARABIS, Linn.

Glabrous or pubescent annuals or perennials, sometimes with stellate
pubescence. Radical leaves spathulate, often rosulate; cauline sessile,
entire or toothed. Flowers racemed, ebracteate, white rarely purple or
Tose-coloured. Sepals short, erect, lateral saccate. Petals entire, usually
clawed. Pod long, slender, linear, compressed ; valves smooth, flat, keeled
ot ribbed ; septum linear, membranous ; stigma subsessile. Seeds ovoid or
orbicular, compressed, margined or wingless, 1- or sub-2-seriate ; cotyledons
‘cumbent, — ISTRIB. Species about 130, abundant in N. Asia, Europe, and

: America, rare in the S. hemisphere.

,, Cauline leaves many, auricled at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods
glabrous, Seeds 2-seriate.

l. A. glabra Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 36; stem 1-3 ft., radical leaves
diovate-oblong hispid with stellate hairs, flowers small, pods erect crowded
nus. H. f.d T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140. A. perfoliata, Lam. ; A
Orient, i. 167. Turritis glabra, DC. Prodr. i. 142. Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t.
$f. 4346. T. rigida, Wall. Cat. 4783.
pu estem Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasam, alt. 6-10,000 ft.—Drsrars. Temp.
rope, Asia, N. America; Alps of Australia. : wisi pia
bon on f erect, glaucous annual or biennial. Stem generally simple, striated, g

tly hairy at the base. Radical leaves spreading, soon withering, entire or
situate toothed or pinnately lobed, rough on both surfaces cauline oblong-lanceolate,
qhapa a ricled, glabrous. Flowers straw-coloured or white. Fruiting ede tum
cme Pods 2-31 in. pedicelled, narrow, linear; valves flat, l-nerved; sep
rumpled. Seeds 2-seriate,

** Cua
usual ine leaves many, auricled at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods
y hairy, Seeds 1-seriate.

^ A. auriculata, £ ct. i . l stellately hairy, leaves
am. Dict. i. 219 ; annual, ste M ,

«inuate-tootheq cauline with obtuse or apiculate basal lobes, flowers sma ,

Soe y Sessile, Rich, Te. FI, Germ. t, 20, £. 4334 ; H. f. &. T. Journ, Linn.
ad HL. A. Montbretiana and A. Aucheri, Boiss. Lc. 169, 170. dite

tanen ASHER, alt. 5-6000 ft, T. 7.—Disrrm. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Mediter-

pi 3-12 in., erect, simple or somewhat branched. Radical leaves spreading,
OF

t
ovate-oblong, obtuse; cauline ovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. perii xp

icep i 75 White. Pods 1-14 in., hairy ?, narrow, straight, slender; sti
Ped R., stout, erect or spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, very small.

à A. alpina, 7; i Ilate hairs, leaves
Coarse nm. ; l, h with forked or stella

or ly oothed, cauline with obtuse asal lobes, flowers large, pods erect

nding, C. Prodr, i, 142; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 141.

136 x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [ Arabis.

A. albida, Stev.; DC. Le. 142. A. pterosperma, Zdgew. in Trans. Lim.
Soc. xx. 33.

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Marri, alt. 5-12,000 ft.—Disrnis. Alpine and
arctic Europe, Asia, N. America, Abyssinia. ü

Stems simple, or slightly branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, seldom ps ire,
radical spreading, petioled; cauline sessile. Flowers 4 in. diam., white. Sepa i
glabrous. Petals spathulate, with long claws. Pods 14-24 in., narrow-linear, pos
when young, often spreading when ripe; pedicels slender, glabrous or hairy.—
Indian specimens differ from the more western in the glabrous sepals.

4 A. amplexicaulis, ZEdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 31; hispidly
pilose, leaves coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal auricles,

orizontal or drooping, flowers large. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. V.

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasnurn, alt. 4500-9000 ft. hori

A perennial resembling A. alpina, but larger, more robust, leaves broader, and d
zonta) on almost drooping pods. Stem 6-24 in., suberect, simple or slightly branched,
hirsute, especially below. Radical leaves 14-4 in. long, obovate-oblong ; cauline cere
Racemes long, lax, many-flowered. Flowers white. Pods linear, acute; style slende
elongated. Seeds larger than those of A. alpina, wingless.

*** Cauline leaves many (few in A. taraxicifolia), not auricled at the
base. Flowers racemed. Pods glabrous. Seeds 1-seriate.

5. A. tibetica, A. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 143; perennial, stellately
hairy, leaves lobed or toothed, flowers small, pods suberect falcate.
Thomsoni, Z. f. Le,

In KasuwiR and Western Tse, alt. 9-16,000 ft. T. T., &c. ‘led

Stems 4-8 in., numerous, suberect, branched, leafy. Radical leaves rosulate, petioled,
obovate or spathulate, more or less hairy ; upper cauline sessile, lanceolate or pano",
spathulate, coarsely toothed or entire. Flowers numerous, white or pale pink. ;
acute, sparsely stellately hairy. Petals twice as long as the sepals, spathulate, ei
short. Pods 14 in., narrow-linear, falcate, glabrous; valves veined ; midrib ip
Seeds small, not margined.—The fruiting specimens referred in Journ: Linn. 50¢
A. Thomsoni belong probably to a Sisymbrium.

6. A. glandulosa, Kar. & Kir. En. Pl. Soong. in Bull. Soc. ^
Mosc. xv. 147; annual, glandular, leaves pinnatifid, flowers small,
suberect obtuse, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 143.

Tibetan region of Sıx, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H. f.; Westers TrisET near Ladak,
Stewart.—Disrris. Soongaria. line

Stem short, spreading, prostrate, leafy. Radical leaves 4-1 in., petioled ; cau 1"
4-4 iu. sessile, linear, or entire. Petals & in., spathulate, claw short, pale per s
white. Pods 1 in., linear; style short tapering; pedicel short, thick, erect; Ya per
concave, veined, with a faint midrib. Seeds small, oblong, slightly flattened, n9
margined. l

7. A. taraxacifolia, Anders. ; annual, hairy, stems spreading, radical
leaves many long-petioled lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, flowers few distant
pedicels slender, pods very narrow, style long acute.

Puxar ; in sandy places near Peshawur, Stewart. the

Stems 6-9 in., numerous, almost leafless, weak, glabrous above, subhispid near "7
base. Radical leaves rough, hairy; terminal lobe large, rounded, entire, rarely toot ;
lateral short, narrow, entire obtuse; petiole 2-3 in. ; cauline leaves few, sessile, oblong
lanceolate, entire or sinuate-toothed. Sepals pubescent or glabrous. Petals $ s
narrow-oblong, pale rose or white; pedicels slender, spreading or suberect, glabrous.
Pods 14-24 in., suberect horizontal or decurved, linear, flattened, glabrous; pe
4-1 in.; valves thin, veinless.—Closely allied to A. arenosa, L., but differs in the form
of the leaves and length of the pod.

Arabis. X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 137

**** Flowers in leafless scapes.

8. A. nuda, Belang. Voy. Ic. (without number or description) ; leaves all
radical obovate-oblong entire or toothed, flowers small, pods erect glabrous.
Boiss, n Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 54; H. f. $£ T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 142.
Arabis scapigera, Boiss, Ann. Sc. Nat. Kér. 2, xvii. 54. Sisymbrium nudum,

. Fl. Orient, i. 914. `

p asam, alt. 5600-6000 ft, T. T.—Disrrm. Affghanistan to Asia Minor, and
- Syria.

A small annual, with slightly hairy leaves. Scapes several, 1-5 in, erect, rigid and
not spreading, many-flowered, glabrous or slightly hairy at the base. Flowers yellow.
s pais equal, obtuse, green, glabrous. Petals twice as long as the sepals. Pods
1-15 in. on very short thick pedicels, straight or curved, linear, much flattened, obtuse ;
Valves with a distinct midrib and prominent veins. Seeds not margined ; cotyledons
accumbent (hence an Arabis, but most closely allied to Sys. thalianum).

8. CARDAMINE, Linn.

y Annual or perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often flaccid herbs.

aves entire lobed or pinnate, Flowers white, pale-purple or violet, very
rarely yellow. „Sepals equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod narrow-linear,
compressed, tapering at both ends ; valves with a distinct midrib, opening
“astically ; septum membranous ; stigma simple or 2-lobed. Seeds flattened,
without a border, 1-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent.—DisTRIB. About 60
Species, natives of the N. and S. temperate regions,

* Lewes not deeply lobed or pinnatisect.

l. C. violacea, Wall, Cat 4782 ; stem stout simple erect, leaves sessile
amplexicaul lanceolate toothed, flowers large violet, style long. H. /. £ T.
™ Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 145.

Temperate regi .
té region, central Nrpar, Wallich. .
Stem 2-5 ft, Leaves 3-5 in, ‘tapering to the tip, auricles sagittate. Flowers

"ib; ak 1 B broad. Pods 3 in. on thickened pedicels, erect, tapering at both

"n ©. ciremoides, 77 . f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144 ; annual, almost

short, Slender, leaves petioled cordate obtuse, flowers small white, style

Moist woods i .
| in the interior of Sıxxm, alt. 5-7000 ft., J. D. H. .
wae O12 in., simple or slightly branched. Leaves thin, radical on much longer

an the cauline, sinuate-toothed, lower lobes rounded. Racemes few-flowered.
"^, on short pedicels, erect or spreading, narrow-linear; stigma broad.

** Radical leaves trifoliolate

ie i te, flowers
dull white foe? Linn. ; perennial, leaflets petioled crenate-serrate,
bon White, funicles not winged. H. f. € T! Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144. ib
Wight p^, Pers; DC. Lc.; Thwaites Enum. 399; W. & A. Prodr. 9 ;
c t. 941. C. anteniquana, DC. Lc. C. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4781. :
topical Ain Woods of the Wesrern PENINSULA, and CevLow.—Dusrmre. 8. temp. an
Stem Africa j Bourbon. ,
Poli Ted in., decumbent or erect, sparsely hispid or glabrous. Imos ong:
Y-lowe aite broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, the lateral oblique at the eA racemes
Pedicels jin 7078 Small. Pods 1j in., erect or ascending, tapering at both ends;

138 X. URUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [ (Cardamine.

4. ©. trifoliolata, H. f. € T. Journ Linn. Soc. v. 145; succulent,
leaflets subsessile 3-lobed, flowers pale lilac, funicles not winged. Grif
It. Notes 121, No. 259.

Mossy streams in the forests of Buoran, alt. 5500 ft., Griffith. — .

A small fleshy annual; rootstock short, creeping; stems 4-5 in., simple, w
Radical leaves on long very slender petioles, leaflets small, rounded, sparsely hairy
above, glabrous beneath, lobes obtusely pointed ; cauline few, shortly petioled, some
times simple. Racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered. Sepals small, obovate, glabrous,
margin membranous. Petals } in. long, obovate, scarcely clawed.

*** Radical leaves (or all) pinnatisect.

5. C. subumbellata, Hook. mss. ; perennial, young parts with spree
ing hairs, leaflets petioled irregularly lobed and crenate, flowers small yer
lowish-white, pods irregularly corymbose narrow lanceolate acute p
seeded. C. hirsuta var. subumbellata, Dalzell in Hook. Kew Journ. D%
1852, 294. C. nilagirica, Schlecht. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 1493.

Shaded woods in the CoxcaN, MALABAR, and CEYLON. . ith
Slender, diffuse, very like C. hirsuta var. sylvatica, but young parts laxly strigose es
spreading hairs, inflorescence corymbose, flowers more yellow, and pods iq
Stem 3-10 in., branching from the roots. Leaflets 3-6 by 1-15 in. Pods 4-1 Wa

smotimes solitary and axillary, 6-10-seeded. Seeds broad-oblong, remote; funicle
dilated.

6. C. hirsuta, Linn., var. sylvatica, Link. (sp.) ; annual, glabrous, leat
lets petioled, petioles not auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, po
racemed erect acute or obtuse. C. hirsuta, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn.

v. 146; Wall. Cat. 4780. C. debilis, Don Prodr. 201. I
eft temperate regions of India; and a weed of the cold season in Bengal —Dist#»

eneral. i

Stem suberect or decumbent, 3-12 in. Leaflets orbicular-ovate, toothed, and angled 1
of the upper leaves narrow. Petals narrow, erect, twice as long as the very 8?
sepals. Pods 4-1 in.; style very short, except in var. oxycarpa.

Van. oxycarpa (not C. ozycarpa, Boiss.); diffusely branched, pods acuminate, style
slender.—Hilly districts, common.

7. C. impatiens, Zinn.; annual, erect, glabrous, leaflets shortly Pi
tioled, petioles auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods erect. ; 5
. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; Grif. It. Notes 218, n. 99. C. pectin
DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 264. š
Temperate Himalaya from Stk to Kasumi, alt. 5-12,000 ft.—Disrnrs. Affghanit
tan, temp. Europe and Asia. i Jate
Stems stiff, 6-12 in. Leaves pinnate; leaflets small, ovate-oblong or lance? ary
obtusely 3-5 lobed; auricles of the stem-leaves sagittate. Petals linear, erect,

: : : ` . te;
minute, white, often 0. Pods 1 in., erect, very slender, linear, acute ; style subulate:
valves smooth.

. . . : stant
8. C. pratensis, Linn. ; perennial, glabrous, leaflets in equidistan

pairs angled shortly petioled, flowers large white or lilac, pods linear erect:
H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 145.

Hassora in Western Tiger, Winterbottom.—Disrgis. N. and W. Asia, Earopo
Abyssinia, N. America. . . Teat

Stem 1 ft. ; rootstock sometimes bearing small fleshy tubers. Leaves pinnate jeaves
lets of the radical leaves orbicular or ovate, terminal larger : those of the cauline % ss
linear-oblong, entire. Flowers corymbose when young. Petals spreading, three tim
long as the sepals. Pods 1 in.; style short.

| 139
Cardamine.) x. cRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)

; lal, erect,
riffi inn. Soc. v. 146 ; perennial, er
. ii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn the vetiole
leaflets sessile m or cinuate lowest pair. at the base of p ones
flowers large deep lilac. Grif. I tin. | otes, 188, n. 996. |
ñ N, Griffith. To irs, ovate
fadus near Lam stem Te and grooved. Leaflets in 3-6 pair

i à rded their size
oblong or rounded. — The specimens have no flowers, but Griffith has reco
and colour.

. . all
10. €. elegantula, 77. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146 dor Shit M
annua], branched, leaflets linear-oblong in 5-7 remote Pos n. 1079.

% rose, pods filiform. Hutchinsia sp. Grif. It. Notes, 195,

i lt. 6500 ft., Griffith. , . leaflets petio-
"et d pecia ‘Son eae slender, Leaves glabrous, pinnate; lea Darem es
lnlate small fleshy linear-oblong, sublobed angled or M thrice as long as the
lengthened 2-9flowered, Petals white or rose, broadly clave der, filiform, spreading
l glabrous sepals. "Pods 3 in., narrow-linear, on "d Pods ,
or drooping pedicels; style short, a little narrower than the pods.

: rennial,
ll. C. macrophylla, Willd. Sp. PL iii, 484 Án. flowers "abre white
leaflets ovate or lanceolate crenate-lobed or pinnati Prodr. i. 152 ; H. f. € T.
or deep violet, pods with very thick margins. po, TL Nep. 901. Dentaria
Journ, Linn, Soc, v. 145. C. polyphylla, Don Pro n
Yloba, Zurez, in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosq. xxx. n. 10

—Disrnris. N. Asia,
J Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from SIKK™ to KASHMIR.
apan.

"E imple herbaceous,

afy, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; rootstock creeping ; in 3-5 pairs acuminate
1-2 t, smooth, striated. Leaves all pinnate ; leaflets $- tt apering at both ends;
x ds tuse. Racemes erect, many flowered. Pods 4-14 in., erect, "—
valves smoot ; in, rigid. e crenate or ser-

AR, 1, dear o deal ‘Teaflets lanceolate or ovate ph ylla Led. Fl.
Tate obtuse, flowers large white or violet, pods 4-14 in.—C.

- i. 128.— From Kumaon to Kashmir. inate subpinnatifid, flowers

^R. 2. foliosa; lateral leaflets narrow-lanceolate acuminat 4710.—Kumaon an
white, pods 1-1} in. pale coloured —C. foliosa, Wall. .
Kashmir, '

llest state of the species. lobed or cut, lobes
Van. 3, lobata; lest “ovate lanceolate irregularly and coarsely Kashmir, 6000 ft. ;
tuse, flowers and pods as in var. foliosa, but the plant larger.
este

i ly serrate,
L4. ic 000 2 ‘tall and coarse, leaflets ovate-lanocolate wn. ul ranges
flower large deep violet pods large and broad 13 in. long pa nd young stems of this
of Sikkim, 7000—13,000 ft. (The Lepchas use the leaves a

y
herb.)

19. LOXOSTEMON, H. f. & T.
À dimi

. 3-foliolate,
nutive tender annual, with a few petiolate, usually a al at the
leaves owers small, corymbose, lilac. Sepals spre f the long stamens
3e. Petals broadly spathulate, clawed, Waments a sessile, 2-lobed,
thickened at the tip and recurved. Pod linear ; stigma ses

: it its place cannot be
a ovely allied to Cardamine, but in the absence of ripe fruit its p
termined with cert

ainty,

: Y 7.
š L. Pulchellus, 77 J. & T. Journ. Linn. a v. 14 M
JI, in moist I It. 10-13,000 ft., H. f. toothed root-bulbils.
Sen slender, filiform: Renee glabrous, springing from s meant cm entire, apicu-
late, C Penerally 3-foliolate, rarely in 2 pairs; leaflets su ,
Corymb Owered.

140 x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) —[Notoceras.

10. NOTOCERAS, Pr.

A small, stiff, depressed, branched, hoary herb, with bipartite ad ressed
ubescence. Flowers white, in leaf-opposed racemes. Sepals equa at the
ase. Petals small, linear-oblong. Pod rigid, almost indehiscent, linear-
oblong, terete ; valves with a prominent keel prolonged at the tip into a horn
internally pitted opposite the seeds; style short ; stigma capitate. Seeds
l-seriate, small, compressed, wingless ; cotyledons accumbent.

1. N. Canariense, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 117; Grif. Tin. AX
230, n. 225 ; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 147. N. hispanicum, U+;
Deless, Ic. Sel. ii. t. 17.

Fields and sandy places in the Punsas, Vicary, &c.—DisTRrE. Westward to the
Canary Islands. . tire

Stems 6-8 in., spreading and branching from the base. Leaves linear-oblong, enim.
Racemes short, many-flowered. Sepals covered with adpressed hairs. Pods 4 in., su
sessile, erect, hoary. Seeds 4-8.

11. FARSETIA, Desv.

Hoary or tomentose much branched twiggy undershrubs or herbs. Leaves
small, linear-oblong, entire. Flowers white pink or yellow, spiked of m
cemed. Sepals erect, connivent, lateral saccate at the base. Petals with d
claws Pods sessile, linear or elliptic, much flattened ; valves convex, piane
or with a midrib; septum membranous. Seeds 1-2-seriate, suborbicuan
broadly winged ; cotyledons accumbent.—DisTRIB. About 20 species, D
tives of S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa.

1. F. Jacquemontii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148; Un
large, buds elliptic, sepals acute, pods narrow-linear. Grif. Itin. Notes,
n. 105.

Sandy places in the Pux;As and Sinpa.—Disrris. Affghanistan and Beluchistan, |

An erect, rather rigid, hoary perennial, covered with closely adpressed hairs Mrd
at their middle. Stems 12-18 in., branches virgate. Leaves 1-1 in., linear-ob: ong
linear. Sepals strigose. Petals half as long again as the sepals. Pods 14-2 by D n
compressed ; valves flat, nerveless or faintly 1-nerved; stigma short, suberect. rabis

2-seriate—It is impossible to determine from Burman’s figure whether this is the
heleophila, DC.

2. F. Hamiltonii, Royle Jil. 71; flowers small, buds small subglobos»

sepals obtuse. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148. F. linearis, Dec etia,
Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 150 ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 808. Cheiranthus Fars
Wall. Cat. 4081. Arabis incanescens, Munro, Plants of Agra, 6. M

Dene., of Egypt and Arabia, but has smaller flowers and shorter pods. £f. imens
Dene., is certainly identical with the Indian plant although the Algerian spec

3. P. egyptiaca, Turr. diss. Fars. i. t. 1, ez DC. Syst. ii. pn

large, buds cylindric, sepals obtuse, pod elliptic-oblong. H. f. £

Fursetia.] x. CRUCIFERH, (Hook. f & T. Anderson.) 141

Linn. Soc. v. 147; Griff. Itin. Notes, 366, n. 11. F. ovalis, Boiss. Diag. viii.
32 F. Edgeworthii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 147.

Poxsag, in the Salt range, Edgeworth, &c.—Di1srgis. Affghanistan, Arabia, N. Africa.

A rigid, hoary undershrub, with forked virgate branches. Leaves linear. Flowers
spicate, distant. Calyx cylindrical. Sepals 1-j in. hoary. Petals linear, obtuse,
twice as long as the sepals. Pods 4-1 by 1-1 in., erect, broad, elliptic-oblong ; valves

a midrib indistinct or sometimes prominent; style very short. Seeds usually 2-
seriate,

12. AL'YSSUM., Linn.

Small branching herbs or undershrubs, often rigid, pubescent, hoary, stel-
or scaly. Leaves linear, entire. Flowers small, yellow or white, in ebrac-
teate racemes. Sepals short, erect or spreading, equal at the base, Petals
with short claws, entire or 2-fid. Filaments often winged or with tooth-like
appendages. Pods short, flattened parallel to the septum or turgid, orbi-
elliptic ovate obovate or oblong ; valves flat or concave or convex in
the centre and flat at the margin ; septum membranous, entire or perfo-
Tated ; style varying in length. Seeds 2-10, flattened; cotyledons accum-
nt.—DisrRIB. Species about 90, natives of S. Europe, Central Asia, and
uthern Siberia,

Alyssum (Keeniga) maritimum is cultivated n gardens in N.-W. India.

l. A. minimum Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 464; leaves linear-oblong or
obovate, filaments winged, valve of pod tumid in the centre. Boiss. Fi.

+L 281; JT. f. T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148.
Kasuvin, alt. 4—6000 ft, T. T.—Disrnis. Affghanistan, W. Asia, S. Europe.
the b "ety herb, with numerous stiff stems or branches 6-8 in. long, spreading from
or ase, ascending, every where except the petals and pods covered with stellate hairs
lin scales. Racemes man -flowered, lengthening during flowering. Petals minute,
ear, white or faintly yellow. Filaments with entire or toothed wings. Pods as long

nite pedicels, orbicular, slightly notched, glabrous ; style very short, acute.

Sy A. canescens, DC. Prodr. i. 164; leaves narrow-linear, filaments

t Winged, valve of pod flat. J. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 149. A.

C. A olium, DC. Syst. ii. 322. Pilotrichum canescens and elongatum,
w. cy. ^n Led. Fl, Alt. iii. 66 ; Jc. Pl. Ross, t. 273.

Dune Himalaya in Kumaon, and Western Tirer, alt. 14-17,000 ft. ; T. T., &c.—

m ley h Leaves 1 i

» very hoary, tomentose plant; woody stems short tufted. Leaves 1 in.,

eir tufted, obtuse, erect, Racenes corymbose, elongating in the fruit. Petals

iie. obovate, twice as long as the sepals, white. Pods 4 in., erect, on short filiform

2 wate, tomentose ; style slender, half the length of the pod; stigma capitate.

» NOt margined

ull tufted herbs with stellate pubescence. eaves entire, radical rosu-

of co tuere white or yellow, rarely purple, in short ebracteate racemes,

dawa sho Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals entire or emarginate,

Or ovoid 1 P Vaments simple. Pods compressed or turgid, elliptic o ong

tort o rely linear ; valves flat, rarely convex ; septum membranous ; sty e
be te, Seeds 2-seriate, ovoid, compressed, not margined ; cotyle ous

temp nt, rarely incumbent.—DrsTRIB. Species about 80, natives of N.
Po and alpine regions, and of the Andes of S. America.

142 X. CRUCIFERA. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [ Draba.

Sect. I. Aizopsis. Rootstock stout, with many crowded tufts of
rosulate leaves, which are rigid, ciliate, with a stout midrib beneath.

1. D. glacialis, Adams in Mem. Soc, Nat. Mosq. v. 106 ; leaves linear,
scapes naked, flowers yellow, pods twisted, style distinct. DC. Prodr.i
167; H.f.4 T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 150. D. setosa, Royle IU. 71. D.
elegans, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 300.

Western Tirer and Kunawag, alt. 10-15,000 ft.—Disrri. Arctic Asia and Ame-
rica, Soongaria, Rocky Mts.

Root slender, woody ; branches many, prostrate, tufted, covered below with withered
leaves. Leaves densely tufted, rather rigid, entire, rough and ciliated. Scapes 1-510,
numerous, erect, stiff. "lowers crowded near the summit of the scape. Pedicels and
calyx ‘glabrous. Pods 1-4 in., erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous.—Scarcely dis-
tinct from D. alpina, L.

Secr. II. Chrysodraba. Root or rootstock stout, with many crowded
tufts of leaves. Leaves not rigid, without a strong midrib beneath, setose oF
tomentose. Flowers yellow.

2. D. alpina, Linn. ; perennial, leaves densely rosulate oblong spathu-
late or lanceolate, scape leafless or 1-leaved, pods elliptic glabrous straight.
H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 150. D, radicans, Royle IU. 71. D. alpicola,
Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Waldem.128,t. 36,f.1 (bad) (D. algida, Adams;
Adamsii, Led. ; ochroleuca, Bunge ; polytricha, Led.)

Alpine Himalaya from Sikxiw to Kasnmır and in Westrrn Tirer, alt. 12-17,000 ft.
—Disrris. Alps of W. Asia, N. Europe, the Rocky Mts. and Arctic regions. — ,

Stems densely tufted, short or 6-10 in. Leaves 1—1 in., covered with mixed simple
and branched hairs, or glabrous with ciliate margins. Scapes 1-6 in., 1-10-flowered.
Flowers rather large, subcapitate. Sepals usually glabrous. Pods j-] in. shortly
racemose, 4-10-seeded; pedicels suberect, hairy or glabrous, long; style very short.

3. D. elata, JT. f. € T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 150 ; annual, leaves loosely
rosulate spathulate obtuse, scapes with distant leaves, pods ovate- of
oblong-lanceolate acute twisted.

Subalpine inner ranges of SrkkiM, alt. 11-13,000 ft., H. f.

Erect, 9-15 in. sparingly covered with simple and stellate hairs. Radical leaves
petioled, entire or rarely toothed. lowers numerous, subcapitate. Sepals ] m,
hairy, margin scarious. Petals twice as long, ovate-oblong, clawed. Pods in long lax
racemes, once or twice twisted, glabrous when ripe; pedicels 4 in., spreading or su
erect, pilose, lower often bracteate.

4. D. incompta, Steven in Bull. Soc, Nat. Hist. Mose. iii. 268; peret
nial, leaves rosulate oblong, scapes naked, pod elliptic-oblong slightly
curved not twisted. DC. Prodr. i 168; Deless. Ic. ii. 44 ; D. tibet
var. y Winterbottomi, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152.

WrsrERN “Tingr, alt. 11-13,000ft., Falconer, Winterbottom.—Lusri. Pers
Caucasus. d
A small very tomentose, hoary plant, with short naked branches from the crown
the root, ending in tufts of leaves. Leaves —4 in., all tufted, oblong. Seapes re!

ubescent, scarcely lengthening in fruit. ods glabrous; style short, bent or straigh Š
—The fruit of this plant waš unknown when it was referred as a variety to D. tibetiet
those of Falconer's specimens recently added to the Kew Herbarium have ripe pods
which are similar to those of the Persian and Caucasian plant.

Secr. IV. Leucodraba. Rootstock biennial or perennial, with man
tufts of radical leaves, Leaves soft, flat. Flowers white.

Draba. | X. CRUCIFERH. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 143

5. D. incana, ZLin.; DC. Prodr. i. 170; stem leafy rarely branched,
laves usually toothed, pods elliptic-lanceolate acute hoary longer than
their pedicel. eich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 14 ; H. f. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v.
BL D. himalayensis, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. 127, t. 34 B (bad).
(D. confusa, Æhr. ; gracilis, Led.)

Alpine Himalaya, from Sikkim to WrsrERN Tirer, alt..10-17,000 ft.—Disrris. Al-
pme and arctic N. Europe, Asia and America, Fuegia. .
Hoary. Stems 1-10 in. erect. Radical leaves }-4 in., loosely tufted or spreading,
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate or narrow-spathulate ; cauline distant, sessile, ovate- or
long Janceolate, toothed or rarely entire. lowers small, white. Petals twice the
"idw ^u the sepals, obovate, notched. Pods racemed, compressed, sometimes twisted,
entose ; pedicels 3—4 in., erect, pubescent; stigma subsessile. .
The Tibetan and MOM specimens possess the characters of D. confusa, Ehr.,
y having toothed cauline leaves, and stellately pubescent pods.

5. D. lasiophylla, Royle Ul. p. 71; stem sparsely leafy, radical leaves
towded soft white, pods elliptic-lanceolate much twisted shorter and
i. er than in D, incana. Boiss, Fl. Orient.i 301; H. f. & T. Journ.

^. Soc, v. 151. D. glomerata, Royle Jil. 71.

wenn Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Sıxxm to Kuyawur and Lapak, alt.

000 ft —Disrris. Turkistan.
. ‘ery like the preceding, but more hairy, and with shorter less leafy stems, and leaves
Coser tufts. Radical leaves 4-4 in, oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Stems simple,
ect, with 1-3 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, white, subcapitate. Fruiting
twig engate or subcapitate; pedicels very short. Pods once to three times
M ted Very closely allied to D. stellata, Jacq., of the European Alps (D. siliquosa,
1^7 Ba 18 probably identical), scarcely differing except in the twisted pod.

PA D. fladnitzensis, Wulf. in Jacq. Misc. i. 147, and 17, f. 1 ; small,
MA Tous or pilose, leaves densely rosulate lanceolate, scape slender lea p
Lleaved, pods elliptic-oblong or lanceolate straight glabrous. .
Sand cy 1993 Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii. f. 4237. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm.
lap 60.1249; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 151 (D. helvetica, Schleich ,
Donica, Wahi, - androsacea, Willd.).
‘stern Himalaya in Kumaox and Kunawur, and in Western Tur, alt. 13-
f.—Disriis, Alpine and arctic Europe, Asia and America. tate, Petals
short 79 6-3 in., margins ciliate. Scapes 1-4 in., erect. Flowers few, capt We have
sped the Ë clawed, white. Pods scarcely racemed; style very short.—* ^l t
vit ie first name given to this species, which is that of the Carpathian plant,
Vin, the Indian quite agrees,” T. Anderson. “sb simple hairs. D. Wah-
lenbergi ` omotricha ; leaves stiffly ciliate glabrous or with simple ND ton, Kar
€ Kir s D. qup motricha, Led. Ft. Ross. i 160; H. f. & T Le. 151 (D. lactea, Kar.
`, . ca, unge),— . eae ra. .
Var, 2. heterotricha; Varas with aded simple and stellate hairs. D. Wahlen-
Yar. heterotricha, Led. Fl. Ross. i. 150 ; D. pygmea, Turc.

. : fted

a, H. f. T, Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152; loosely tufted,

lag," 9" hoary, leaves spathulate-lanceolate entire, scapes slender usually
8 hoary shorter than their slender pedicels.

I .
cdi nges of the SIKKIM HiwALAYA, and Wesrers Teer; alt. 13-15,000 ft.

-lin : : aes us, erect, flexuose,

Mrely n +) Dearly all rad . es 3-8 in., numerous, Prati

| ly with lor 2 sessile lane a latiro es subcapitate, rather large, white ,

| te flat “lin, slender, erect. Pods 4-4 in. long, racemed, elliptic or linear- ree’

| th 3r twisted ; style very variable in length.— Both the following varieties (espe
e first) are

too closely allied to D. lasiophylla and D, incana.

144 x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [.Drala.

Var. 1. Thomsonii, H. f. & T. lc; leaves laxly or scarcely tufted hoary and to
mentose, pods linear-lanceolate not twisted, style short and stout —Zanskar,

Var. 2. sikkimensis, H. f. & T. l.c.; leaves closely tufted except in very luxu-
riant young shoots very woolly, pods long linear-lanceolate or short and elliptic
twisted, style long slender.—Sikkim at 16,000 ft., H. f.

Sect. IV. Drabella. Annual Scapes or stems leafy. Flowers white or
yellow.

9. D. muralis, Linn. ; stellately hispid, stems filiform flexuous, cauline
leaves broad elliptic-ovate coarsely toothed, petals white minute, fruiting
racemes very long, pods horizontal oblong or elliptic on long capillary
spreading pedicels. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 302.

Kasnurn, alt. 5600 ft.—DisrgiB. Asia Minor, N. Africa, Europe. h

An erect, simple or branched very slender annual; rather rough with short simple or
forked hairs. Radical leaves }—} in., few, rosulate, obovate, entire or toothed ; cau'ne
few, sessile, auricled or not. lowers in a short raceme. Petals small, narrow, oi
white. Pods racemed, 4-4 in., quite flat, glabrous or scaberulous, stigma subsessile.
Seeds about 12.

10. D. ellipsoidea, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; stems
flexuous prostrate short interlaced, leaves toothed, flowers minute white,
fruiting racemes very short, flowers minute white, pods elliptic-oblong very
flat obtuse, stigma sessile.

Sixxtw-Himataya, a weed in radish fields, alt. 15-16,000 ft., H. f. :

Much depressed, hairy, leafy Leaves 1-1 in., linear-oblong. Pods racemed, iin
equalling or shorter than their curved pedicels, flat, stellately pubescent; style 0.—
Differs remarkably from D. muralis in its habit, flexuous branches, and short fruiting
racemes.

1l. D. linearis, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 167 ; Fl. Orient.
i. 203; stem simple erect, leaves entire or nearly so, flowers rather l
white, fruiting racemes long, pods erect linear. D. stenocarpa, H fbb
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153. .

p Das Kirim in temperate Western Tiset, Winterbottom.—DIistRıB. Mountains of
ersia.

Stem 6-12 in. scaberulous. Radical leaves rosulate, linear-oblong or obovate,
thickly clothed with forked hairs; cauline 2-5. Petals narrow-cuneate, entire. ds
4-3 in., in long racemes, on slender smooth ascending pedicels, tapering at both ent®,
straight ; stigma sessile. Seeds many.—Near D. muralis but stiffer, with much longer
and racemed pods.

12, D. gracillima, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; hoary, peapa
or stems many weak ascending, leaves subentire, flowers small yelow,
cemes long, pods linear erect.

Temperate Sixxim-Himataya, alt. 10—13,000 ft., H. f. base

Stems 4 12 in. Radical leaves spreading, spathulate ; cauline few, near the bod
sessile, ovate. Scapes numerous, filiform, flexuose. Pods 3 in., erect, tapering 8 holé
ends, compressed, straight or curved, glabrous ; racemes occupying almost the w
length of the stem; pedicels 4 in., filiform, spreading or deflexed, the lowest
twice the length of the uppermost. Seeds numerous.

14, BROPHILA, DC.

Small, delicate annuals, with entire spreading root-leaves. Flowers k^
small white, on slender scapes. Sepals erect, equal at the base.

Erophila] x. cRuciFER®. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 145

obovate, 2-fid. Filaments free, without appendages. Pod oblong, elliptic or

ear, compressed ; valves membranous, flat or convex ; septum membranous ;
style very short. Seeds numerous, small, 2-seriate ; funicles filiform.—Dis-
TRIB. Species 5, European and W. Asiatic.

l. E. vulgaris, DC. Draba verna, Linn.; H. f. & T. in Journ. Lina.
E EE Grif. Itin. Notes 239, No. 312; 243, No. 364; 365, No. 7 ;
€. 1v. t. 611.

Kastner ; alt. 5-6000 ft—Disrris. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Europe. .

eaves all radical, spreading on the ground, ovate or oblong, entire or toothed,
slightly hairy. Scapes 2-8 in., erect, glabrous. Pods } in., elliptic-oblong, at least
twice as long as broad ; pedicels long, slender.

15. COCHLEARIA, Linn.

Glabrous, often fleshy annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or pinnati-
partite. Flowers white, rarely yellow or violet, corymbose or in short
nemes, rarely solitary on scapes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base.

entire, shortly clawed. Filaments without appendages or teeth.

globose ovoid or oblong; valves convex, turgid. Seeds 2-seriate,
Tarely l-seriate, compressed, without wings; cotyledons accumbent.—Drs-
: Species about 25, natives of N. temp. and Asiatic regions.

LC. flava, Ham. Hort. Bengh. 48; annual, diffusely branched,

leaves pinnatifid, pods globose. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 803; H.f. £ T. Jour

xq Boc v. 154. C. alyssoides, DC Prodr. i. 172. Camelina Caisir,
- Cat, 4802. Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth.

Upper and lower Ganceric valleys, from the Soane westwards to KunNAUL. I
lan t rarely depressed, glabrous, 1 ft. high. Root long, fusiform. Leaves 45 in,

Ceolate, lobes sinuate-toothed, lower petioled, upper smaller shorter petioled, auricled.
lin dia humerous, long. Flowers small, yellow ; pedicels 4 in. Pods smooth, sont
tar dian. ; valves membranous, hemispherie, nerveless; style short, thick.
numerous, rugose, funicles filiform.

2 Ç. himalaica, 77 : 154 ; small, pro-
. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. man,
Strate, leaves long-petioled oblong-ovate, flowers racemed, pod elliptic.

Inner ran

Ses of the Sixxiw-Hrwrarava, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H. f. .

a warf, Prostrate, smooth, leafy, fleshy annual > with long fusiform slender root.
tightly Peed toothed. Flowers small, in short bracteate racemes. Sepals persistent,
ry.

mbranous . s rode slightly compressed, bent, pubescent, 3-5 seeded ; valves thin,

i is ing i ipe fruit.— caria altaica (Taphro-
rmum, tine disappearing in the ripe truit.—Cochleari

a i i i h f the
e Pods and ii Mt) very closely resembles this, but differs in the shape o

3. €. sca . - stemless

P Piflora, 77. f. £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154; ste ,

pods ak Very stout, Teavestincarianccolate or spathulate, scapes 1-flowered,
iquely elliptic-oblong.

15 age Snow-rills in the Srkxrw-Hiwarava, H. f, and in WxsrERN Tirer,

0 ft., Strach. & Wi tert ;
A^ Stemless, fleshy. nere, : into a long flat petiole,
ey ; » leshy, gl t the base
tire or wiih a few s ag et icd wg Spel n in., flaccid. Flowers large, pale

VOL, £. 8 abrous, persistent. Pods 4-1 in. long; septum ——

146 x. CRUÇIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Malcolmia. .

16. MALCOLMIA, Dr.

Branching herbs, pubescence simple or stellate. eaves entire or pinna
tifid. Flowers in lax racemes, white or purple. Sepals erect, equal at the
base. Petals linear, claws long. Filaments free, the longer ones somete
united in pairs. Pods elongate, cylindric, hard and dehiscing late ; peduncle
usually thickened ; valves 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigma ere
lobes often united into an acute cone or decurrent along the short style
Seeds 2-seriate towards the base of the pod, oblong, not margined ; coty-
ledons incumbent.—DrsTRIB. About 20 species, natives of W. Asia and the
Mediterranean region.

* Pods linear, elongate.

1. M. africana, Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 121 ; leaves oblong or gr?
late toothed, flowers many small, pods straight hispid. DU. Prodr. 1. 187;
Grifith Itin. Notes 260, No. 513 ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 155.

Fields and waste places in the Punsas, KASHMIR, and WESTERN TIBET, ascending
to 13,000 ft.— DisrRIB. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. l

Stout, leafy, annual, 14 ft., rough with stiff forked and simple hairs; branches many, ong,
somewhat spreading. Leaves 1-6 in., petioled. Flowers near the ends of the branches.
Petals obovate-oblong, twice as long as the persistent sepals, purple or white. rig
racemes 6-12 in. long; pedicels +t in., erect, as thick as the pods. Pods 2-3 1m. e
narrow, linear, very rough with short forked hairs; valves prolonged into a short blun
horn; stigma short, conical, tapering to an acute point.—Varies greatly in pubescenes
size of the leaves, and length and thickness of the pedicels and pods.—A very ro"
variety with small flowers has been distinguished as 8 stenopetala (M. stenopetala, Let

2. M. torulosa, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 225 ; leaves narrow toothed or Pu
natifid, flowers small, pods torulose usually contorted or recurved. m
brium torulosum, Desf. Fl. Atlant. ii. 84, t. 159 ; DC. Prodr. i. 195; 4^7
& T. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 163. S. contortuplicatum, DC. Prodr. Le.

PusxJAB at Peshawur, Stewart.—Disrris. Westwards to Syria and N. Africa. t

A depressed annual or biennial, with numerous spreading and ascending st rely
branches, 6 or 8 in. long, hispid with stiff spreading simple or forked hairs, ra
glabrous. Radical leaves 1- 3 in., numerous, oblong-lanceolate, acute ; cauline si
and less divided. Flowers small, subsessile, white. Pods 3-1 in., on very blong:
thick pedicels, slender, straight recurved or contorted, hispid. Seeds small, °
-seriate.

** Pods long or short, subulate.

|

3. M. strigosa, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 924 ; glabrous or hispid y ni |

leaves oblong-lanceolate repand or toothed, pods 1-14 in. long.—H. J.
én Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 155.

P In the Salt range, Punsas, Fleming, Stewart—Distris. Affghanistan, Bel
ers1a.

A stout, depressed or suberect, rough, hairy annual, soon dividing into à few ag
rigid short branches 6-18 in. long. Radical leaves long petioled, spreading ©
ground, 2 or 3 in. long; cauline shorter and more entire. Flowers numeron varell
in racemes 2-12 in. Petals about 4 in., sometimes twisted, linear, dark purp'% sri
white, limb broader than the claw. Pods terete, stout, thickened at the base, tape

to an obtuse point, spreading horizontally or decurved ; base with short branching d
long spreading forked hairs, less hispid above. Seeds sub-2-seriate at the

the bot, l-seriate above.

uchist3?

. Lepidostemon.] x. crRucireræ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 147

17. LEPIDOSTEMON, H. f. & T.

A dwarf annual with a short leafy unbranched stem. eaves narrow,
toothed. Flowers yellow, on long subcorymbose pedicels. Sepals short,
equal at the base, Stamens free ; all the filaments with a broad appendage.

ods linear, elongate; valves smooth ; septum entire, hyaline, nerveless ;
style very short; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds l-seriate, oblong, flattened, with
long slender free cords.

l. L. pedunculosus, 7. f. £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 156.

Interior valleys of Sixxim-Him Aaya ; rocky hills at Tungu, alt. 14-15,000 ft., H. f.

A dwarf alpine of peculiar habit, 1 in. high, covered with soft forked hairs. Stem
erect, simple. Leaves numerous, 1-13 in., oblong or narrowly spathulate, deeply sharply
toothed. Flowers numerous, rather large, subcorymbose; pedicels 3 in., erect, downy.
Sepals erect, pilose, persistent. Petals : hort, obovate, emarginate. Pods 4 in. (immature)
erect, downy. Seeds unknown; affinity hence doubtful.

18. SISYMBRIUM, Linn.

Glabrous hairy or tomentose or hoary annual or biennial herbs. Leaves
entire lobed pinnatifid or pinnatisect. /Jowers yellow, white or rose-coloured,
In lax often bracteate racemes. Sepals short or elongate, equal at the ei
or the lateral saccate, Petals with long claws. Stamens free; filaments a
Simple, Pods elongate, cylindric or compressed, rarely tetragonal ; valves
yonvex, usually 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; style short, stigma 2-
lobed. Seeds generally numerous, l-seriate, not margined, with. filiform
cords ; cotyledons incumbent.—Disrrip. Species about 80, chiefly European

rental, with a few representatives in most temperate regions.

Secr. I. Arabido sis. Flowers white ] -coloured. Valves
„I. : purple or rose-coloured. .
9f the terete or compressed pod 1-nerved or nerveless.—(Distinguishable
m Arabis by the cotyledons only.)

* Cauline leaves sagittate,

l. S. mollissimum C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 140 ; glabrous or
i . A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 1405
hairy, leaves entire or toothed, flowers capitate ebracteate, pods slender ereet

glabrous, pedicels slender. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 262; H. f. & T. Journ.
` 90€. V. 160.

Si mperate Himalaya, from Sixxr to Kasmmm, alt. 8-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 in
m); WesTerN Tiger, alt. 12-14,000 ft.— Distrig. Altai. h e. root
"gid biennial or perenial. Stem solitary or 2 or 3 from t ° sam artiy
Petioled. 18h, simple or with a few stiff erect branches. Leaves 1- in. hort
ed, obovate-lanceolate ; cauline oblong, sagittate and stem-clasping, gra nay
le ds, Flowers purple or white, racemes elongate and lax in the ie
maqa a des, erect, 1-4 in. Pods 1-14 in. straight; valves convex; veins 1
s Style short, slender.
Wastes glaberrima; all parts glabrous or only the lower part of the stem puberulous.—
n Himalaya, Thomson ; Western Tibet, Faleoner.

mentee himalaicum, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 160; hispidly to-
readin,

D erect

ino oyes sinuate-toothed, flowers racemed bracteate, pods erect or
T ng glabrous or pubescent. ‘
: Lig Perate Himavaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 10-12,000 ft.

the preceding, but smaller and more branched, hirsute, with mize imple and

148 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisymbrium.

stellate hairs. Stem erect, with numerous spreading or ascending stiff branches. , Lease
radical petioled ; upper clasping the stem by sagittate auricles. Pods 1-14 in. v
terete, straight; pedicels short, stout, spreading, each with a leaflike bract at the
base ; valves striate.

3. S. foliosum, Z. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 160; sparsely hairy,
leaves broad toothed, flowers racemed glabrous, pods slender curved gla-
brous much compressed.

Kasumi, alt. 5-7000 ft., Thomson.

A suberect or decumbent herbaceous much branched annual, with scattered sel
hairs, 6-12 in. high. Radical leaves soon withering, spathulate, shortly petioled;
cauline larger, 1-24 in. long, oblong or obovate, sessile, auricles long sagittate e
clasping, coarsely toothed. Flowers small, white, ebracteate; pedicels 4 in., slender,
usually spreading, sometimes ascending or deflexed. Pods 1} in., in long, pers
spreading, ascending or the lower sometimes deflexed, straight or curved, with a le
stellate hairs ; valves thin, flattened, striate.

** Leaves not pinnatifid ; cauline not sagittate or auricled.

4. S. Thalianum, Gay & Monn. in Gaud. Fl. Helv. iv. 348; ums
radical leaves petioled obovate, flowers small white, pedicels very slender,
pods very slender suberect curved glabrous compressed, seeds flatene:
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 214; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. Ane
Thaliana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 144; Conringia Thaliana, Reich. Le.
Germ. t. 60, f. 4380.

Temperate Himalaya, from Bnoraw to Kasmwrm, and in WESTERN Tier; alt.
5-10,000 ft.; Puxsas, Stewart.—Disrris. Temp. Europe, Asia, Abyssinia.

An erect, slender, branching annual, 4-12 in. high, slightly hispid with scattered.

spreading simple and forked hairs or glabrous. Leaves 1-3 in., toothed or wur
cauline few, remote, sessile, generally entire, Racemes slender, elongate; p“ six
ł}-4 in., spreading or ascending. Pods 1-1 in., narrow linear; valves convex, 1-nerve":
style short. Seeds very small; cotyledons obliquely incumbent.

5. S. lasiocarpum, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163 ; annual, on
der, erect, hispidly pubescent, leaves small radical obovate-spathulat
flowers lilac, pedicels short, pods short straight terete densely pubesce?
Griffith Itin. Notes 188, No. 991.

Lammoo and Panya in Buoran, Griffith. hairs
Simple, rigid, 9-18 in., hoary and pubescent with mixed simple and stellate ^%
Radical leaves j-1 in. long, few, shortly petioled, sinuate-toothed ; cauline small, d m
obovate. Flowers small. Sepals pubescent. Pods 3 in., erect ; valves convex, P

less ; style very short.

6. S. rupestre, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33; annual, e
branched, hoary, radical leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, ver
sometimes cordate at the base, flowers shortly pedicelled, pods su er
glabrous or puberulous, slender. H. f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. V. 16

In the dry region of the Wesrern HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Kashmir,
14,000 ft.; Piti in Western Tiset, Thomson. nes

Stem 6-18 in., stiff, branching; hairs forked, with a few scattered stellate 9
Radical leaves shortly petioled, 4- 1 in. ; cauline sessile, entire or toothed. Aa
few-flowered, bracteate thronghout or towards the base; fruiting elongate, lax. TET
purple or white. Sepals pubescent; pedicels ,5—4 in., puberulous. Pods 11-13
erect or spreading, compressed ; valves with an indistinct central vein.

7. S. humile, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 137 ; perennial, c
hoary, diffuse, radical leaves oblong, cauline petioled, flowers shortly

alt. 8

— —. Gpo—

Sisymbrium.] x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 149

, : H. f. £ T.
celled, pods straight terete torulose. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 147 ; H.f
ourn. Linn. Soc. v. 163. "m :
Western Tier, alt. 12-15,000 ft, Winterbottom, &c.—DisrRm. Siberia, arctic
merica. in., de-
Subhispid, hoary, rarely green and glabrous; rootstock woody. Stem 18 led,
cumbent or ascending, simple or branched. Radical leaves il xd or Tibe Sepals
sinnate-toothed or entire, cauline small. Flowers rather large, white or ic subhispid
erect, pubescent or glabrous. Pods 4-1 in., pedicels short erect, cylindric,
or glabrous, veins obscure.

8. S. strictum, M. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 161 ; dicela. 1, erect,
hoary, leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline sessile, podiceis | strita,
5 s erect curved terete slender glabrous, valves costate. Ma

amb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. i. 16, t. 16.

: ERN

WzsrERN Himataya, from Kumaon to Kasuwm, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; West

IBET, Winterbottom, Falconer. . into a

Stem 9-24 in., simple, rigid, scabrous. Leaves 1-14 in. long, lower narrowoi fiip e
short petiole ; upper gradually diminishing along the stem, "n ale rose-coloured.

womes at first dense, elongate and lax in fruit. Flowers sma M ñ in. long ; valves

1-2 in., narrow, on spreading or ascending pubescent pedicels $ 1n. ;
convex, with a prominent midrib ; style short, tapering.

. . ual
9. S. axillare, 77. f & T. Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 162; small, annar
depressed, leafy, radical leaves spathulate lobed or toothe ^ yes nerveless
hif 1 white bracteate, pedicles slender, pods very slender,
"JW. Itin. Notes 195, No. 1074, i . bol
T on dry rocks and walls near Chupcha, alt. 8000 ft., Grifith ; inner rang
9 Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., H. f. 8 in: lone.
Muse, slender, 'subhispid £ tomentose, branches prostrate poa S anas d i
adical leaves short petioled, 1 in. long ; cauline iim he or o» fruiting raceme
de tip. Flowers rat er large, solitary in the axils of the upper 21 m. terete, straight
e ongate, lax, leafy ; pedicels long, spreading or ascending. Pods 4 1 ce in all essential
or Slightly curved ; subtorulose.— T'he Bhotan and Sikkim specimens agree Aller and much
, but the Bhotan ones from growing in a dry a raped an forests.
more hoary than those from Sikkim, where they were found in shady
pinnatifid. "p his-
ir, S. Wallichii, 77. f. 4: T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; perennial, bene
pidly hairy, radical leaves small runcinately lyrate, flowers tocarpa, Wall.
Cap Dedicels filiform, pods long very slénder. Arabis? lep
- 4784. .
7000 ft. ;
San pers of the WesTerN HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Kasumi, alt. 5-7
SALT RANGE, Stewart.—Dıstrır. Affzhanistan. ero ked and
“tem 6-18 in,, rough and hairy especially near the base, with imple foe lobe
stellate hairs, slender, erect. Radical leaves 1-3 in., crowded, Pd Ing "almost. entire.
PPS cauline few, short, 1-14 in, linear-lanceolate, pinnatifi inal ; pedicels
ters white, changing to pale pink. Fruiting ratemes long, lax, GHI lly con.
w. m, Spreading. Pods 2-34 in., spreading, curved, glabrous; va
ex, midrib distinct; style short, tapering.

; ; al,
pe mf minutiflorum, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 158; annu

i into few
vious, very slender, much branched, leaves piene r ee ipto aile.
Bois. Fens, flowers minute white, pods small narrow,

+ Vrvent, i. 215 ; Griff. Itin. Notes 314, No. 1166.

ZANSKAR in Wes Affchanistan. ;
TERN TinET, TAomson.—DisTRIB. : Flowers in numerous
2-9 in,, stellately hairy, tortuous. Leaves small, thick. ae

150 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ([Sisymbrium.

terminal racemes. Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels 1-3 in., spreading, as thick as
the rachis. Pods À in., straight or slightly curved; septum flat. Seeds very minute,
oblong —Boissier remarks that the seeds are unknown. There are numerous ripe pods
in Griffith’s specimens in the Kew Herbarium. ‘The cotyledons are incumbent.

Sect. II. Sophia. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pod cylindric
or flat, valves 1-nerved.

. -3-
12. S. Sophia, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 2
innatisect, flowers small, pedicels slender. Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 74,
t 4405 ; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158.

Pongas, in the Salt Range and near Peshawur ; Temperate Himalaya from Euer
to Kasmmır, alt. 5-7000 ft.; Western Tipgr, alt. 9-14,0U0 ft.—Disrkis. Westward,
throughout Europe, N. Africa, and in N. and S. America. h

Stem 1-2 ft., finely tomentose and somewhat hoary, or quite glabrous; hers "
ascending. Leaves numerous; segments short, linear. Flowers small, pale ye di
Fruiting racemes elongate, lax, terminal. Pods 1 in., spreading, or erect, on long pe b.
cels, cylindric, subcompressed, curved, subtorulose; midrib prominent; stigma su
sessile. '

Secr. III. Erio. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pods terete,
valves 3-nerved.

* Fruiting pedicels as broad as the pod.

13. S. Columnæ, Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 323 ; annual, tall, glabrous or bay
below, leaves runcinate, sepals erect, valves of pod not ribbed. Boiss. f.
Orient. i. 216 ; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157.

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasnmir, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; WESTERN
Tier, alt. 9-14,000 ft.—DısrrıB. Westward to Central Europe. heirs

Stem 3 ft., stout, erect, slightly branching, subhispid with spreading or reflexed ° d
or all glabrous and glaucous. Leaves sometimes almost entire; segments toot i
from ovate-oblong to lanceolate; terminal lobe angled; of the upper leaves baei sj
Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabrous. Pods 3-4 in., spreading, very slen s
curved, glabrous or slightly hairy ; pedicel very stout; valves striated, indistinctly c
tate; style thickened, 4, in.

.14. S. pannonicum, Jac. Coll. i. 70; Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 123; annu,
hispid or glabrate, leaves runcinate-pinnatisect, sepals spreading, va Mete
po 3-nerved. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 217; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soe. V. 294

septulatum, DC. Syst. ii. 471. .

Hassora in Western Tiger, alt. 8000 ft., Winterbottom. Leaf.

Stem. rather tall, stiff, often simple below, and divaricately branched above. e
segments nearly all similar, toothed or entire, of the lower leaves broad, of hee
narrow-linear, lowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabrous, caducous. Pods 8 tum
on short very thick pedicels, spreading or ascending, straight, obtuse, glabrous ; ick;
membranous, projecting transversely between the seeds; style subelongate, |
stigma large, 2-lobed.

** Fruiting pedicels slender.

15. S. Irio, Linn. ; annual or biennial, tall, glabrous, leaves runcinate,
pinnatifid, segments not auricled, flowers minute, pedicels slender, yp]
pods overtopping the raceme, old 3-nerved, stigma sessile. , Reich. B it.
Germ. t. 75, f. 4408 ; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157. 8. irioides P?
` Fl. Orient. 1, 218 ; He & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157.

In Northern India, from RAJPOOTANA to the Puysas.—Disrrw. Afighanista
westwards to the Canary Islands.

n and

See re ee nme SIRE CORE

¿apas

nolentem

Sisymbrium] x. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 151

„Stem 1-3 ft. tall, quite glabrous, or slightly pubescent near the base. Leaves petioled,
Pinnatifid or pinnatipartite; segments remote, spreading, toothed; terminal large,
sometimes hastate. Flowers yellow. Pods 14-2 in., slender, erect, glabrous, sub-
torulose ; valves 3-nerved ; pedicels 4-4 in., ascending, curved.—S. irioides is said to
be distinguished by a character that seems to be of no value. All the large flowered
specimens resembling and previously referred to S. Zrio are referable to 8. Leselii.
Boissier’s authentic specimen of ®©. érioides is unique; its flowers are described as
double the size of those of S. Trio and the style as elongated.

16. S. Loeselii, Linn. ; annual, tall, erect, reversedly hairy or glabrate,
leaves sublyrately runcinate not auricled, flowers large, pedicels slender,
slender terete not overtopping the raceme, style slender. Reich. Ic. Fl.
Germ. t. 76, f. 4409; H. f. d: T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 156: Leptocarpea
selii, DC.—Griffith Itin. Notes 314, No. 1155.
Kasumi ; alt. 5-7000 ft., T'homson.—DisrRIs. Westward to Central Europe.
m branched, and lower leaves hispid with simple recurved hairs or subglabrous.
ves petioled ; segments toothed ; terminal lobe very large, hastate. Flowers ho:
mérons, pale yellow, not surmounted by the young pods. Pods 1-14 in., slightly curved,

glabrous ; pedicels ascending, slender, 4 the length of the pod; style short, with a dis-
ünct 2-lobed stigma,

Secor, IV. Alliaria. Flowers white. Pods terete, valves 1-3-nerved.
Seeds smooth or striate,

17. S. Alliaria, Scop. Carn. ed. 2, n. 825; annual or biennial, tall,
erect, leaves long-petioled, lower reniform, upper cordate toothed, pods
long, pedicel stout, valves 3-nerved. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. V. m

laria officinalis, Andrzj.; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 60, f. 379. Erysimu

ra, Linn,

Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasam, alt. 6-10,000 ft.—LDisTRn. Westward
to W, Europe.

Stem 1-3 ft., subsimple labrous or sparsely hairy bel Radical leaves 2-3 in.
i M , y below. à
it wi, Coarsely repand-crenate or toothed, dipper ovate-cordate or deltoid, creme
pues small, in lax racemes. Pods 14-2 in.; pedicels stout, 4 in., sprea ing, mi
dero straight, glabrous; valves 3-nerved, midrib stout. Seeds oblong, stria

l8, S. deltoideum, 77. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 162 ; tall, erect,
Blabrous, leaves all petioled deltoid-ovate toothed, pods short, pedicels
ong, valves 1-nerved.

Eastern Himal i ; 000 ft., H. f.
aya; SIKKIM, in the inner ranges, alt. 11-13, UE
vem 2-4 ft. stout. Leaves thin, 14-3 in. ‘diam., scarcely longer than broad.
wlan’ large, white. Pods 4-3 in., pedicels as long, not thickened, Pree optan flat!
Beds ct, straight or curved, taper pointed ; valves convex strongly keeled ; septu .

86, linear-oblong, smooth.—Perhaps an Zutrema.

19. BUTREMA, Pr.

Glabrous 1 biennial or perennial herbs, Leaves entire or serrate,
- leal on lone eni upper shortly petioled or sessile. — 8 white,
linear ose. Sepala short, erect, equal at the base. Filaments entire, Aud
Wing! or linear-oblong, terete; valves convex; style sho Siberian and
Hing’, Uegularly 1-2-seriate—DisrRrB. Species 5, arctic Si

Imalayan,..— early allied to the section Alliaria of Sisymbrium.

152 x. CRUCIFEREZ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) — [Eutrema.

1. E. himalaicum, M. f. 4 T. Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 164 ; stout, erect,
leafy, cauline leaves sessile amplexicaul, flowers subcapitate in branched
racemes.

Temperate Srxxim HIMALAYA, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H. f. . .

A stout erect simple herb 18 in. high, glabrous or with a few hairs along the margins
of the leaves and petioles. Leaves all entire, obtuse, radical long-petioled, oblong or
ovate-cordate; cauline ovate or ovate-lauceolate, auricled at the base. Flowers rather
large, white, in numerous terminal heads. Pods racemed, suberect; pedicels n:
spreading. The ripe fruit is unknown.—Differs from the Soongarian Smelowskia |
trema) integrifolia only by its auricled cauline leaves.

2, E. primuleefolium, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 164; stemless,
glabrous, radical leaves tufted, scapes leafy bracteate. Sisymbrium pri
mulefolium, Thoms. in Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. iv. t. 10, and v. p. 18.

Wet rocks in the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasumir, alt. 6-11,000 ft.,
Thomson, &c.

Root thick, fusiform, perennial. Leaves 3-6 in., all radical, petioled, broadly epit
late, toothed above the middle. Scapes numerous, usually shorter than the leaves, wit
a few leaflike obovate bracts 1-1 in. long. lowers small, white. Sepals oblong,
persistent. Pods 4-1 in., cylindric, curved, smooth; valves membranous, finely reti-
culate.

20. CONRINGIA, Reichb.

Glabrous, glaucous annuals. Leaves entire, oblong, auricled. Flowers
racemose, ebracteate, yellow. Sepals elongate, equal at the base or the
lateral saccate. Petals elongate, clawed. Pods elongated, linear, compress
or acutely tetragonal ; valves 1-3-nerved, smooth or torulose ; stigma simple
or 2lobed. „Seeds 1-seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent.
—Distris. Species 6, natives of W. Asia and S. Europe.

Closely allied to Sisymbrium, but with the habit of Brassica.

1. C. planisiliqua, Fisch. d Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 32 ; radical
leaves petioled linear-oblong, cauline sessile. Erysimum planisiliquum,
Ledeb. Sisymbrium planisiliquum, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 159.

Western Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft., T'homson.—DisrRIs. Westwards to Persia, Soon-
garia and Armenia.

Stem erect, 1-2 ft. Radical leaves few, 2-3 in., obtuse, cauline with cordate art
plexicaul bases. Flowers small; pedicels 4 in., slender. Pods 3-4 in., racemed, erect,
narrow linear; valves slightly convex over the seeds.

.

21. ERYSIMUM, Linn.

A genus in many respects intermediate between Cheiranthus and Sisymbrium. kn
Indian species are very difficult of discrimination, and little confidence can be plac
their diagnoses. They stand here as described 12 years ago in the Linnean Journ
since which time no materials of importance for their elucidation have been receive

153
Erysimum.] x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)

; ; sile ; pedicel short, stout.
* Diffusely branched ; ripe pods horizontal, subsessile ; pe ;

: d hairs
l. E. repandum, Zinn. ; annual, hoary with close in. diam, pods
leaves ‘lanceolate repand-toothed or entire, flowers + i up to the trun-
rigid or flexuous obtusely 4-angled glabrous à f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
tate stigma, pedicel 1. in. as thick as the pod. H. f.
Soe. v, 164; Boiss, PL Orient. i. 189. ia, and westward to E. Europe
Kasam, alt. 5-7000 ft, Winterbottom.—Distris. Persia, and w. a
ica. : : ifid ones inter-
y SEN in stature and robustness; hairs P Dare Gift Boiss) which was
mixed. Boissier se arates from it the Affghan plant (Z. tire leaves subcompressed
united with it in the Linnean Journal, on account of its entir
Pd and bracteate flowers.

j "vi. ded branches.
* Dwarf species ; rootstock much divided giving off short crowde
Pods 1-2 in. long.

. I hairs all
2. E. deflexum, A. f. & T. in J ourn. Linn. oM. y pawan ches
dor, froid es Jineni-spathulate, slightly edicels equalling the sepals,
Short, fruiting deflexed with ascending tips, pe tvle distinct,
very narrow linear erect tetragonal acute, sty 00 ft. Hf f
Alpine SIKKrr-HDtALAYA, at Kongra Lama, alt. 13- 15,000 rts the stems that spring
ily distinguished by its small size and curious rami bent down to the earth when
m the many. crowneq rootstock are 3-6 in. long, an 3 in. Flowers } in. diam,
iting, their pod-bearing tips alone ascending. Leaves ed into a style yy in. long ;
meow: Pods I2 by Tre in. broad, y. Seeds with very short funicles.
"plum with slender flat sides, septum rather spongy. See

. 165 ; hairs

3. E. faniculosum, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe pods fascicled

appressed leaves linear-lanceolate, fruiting branc el keeled style short
° inear-lanceolate compressed, valves obscurely ,

tonic, funicle very slender
ft., H.f. .

Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; at Kongra Lama, alt. 1415000 Š - short flowering

Stout; stock dividing into a tuft of short branches te. Flowers as in E. de-

shoots, Hairs chiefly fixed by the middle, a few are 3- urea than in any other Indian

Pezun, Pods 2 in lone broader and flatter and less keele t funicles as long as them-

les, Sparsely ap} ressed hairy. Seeds with capilla abering base.
selves ; valves mem ranous, acute above, narrowed to a tap

"E Stem stout, erect, leafy ; pods 1-3 in. long.

irs chiefly
i E. hieraciifolium, Linn. ; stout or slender, green, hair
2forked a

essile, flowers
Ppressed, leaves oblong sinuate-toothed sa rect narrow tetra-
ra aie edicels equalling the sepals, p od ideis strong, style short
stout x el erulous pedicel stout upcurved, Ory Journ. Linn, Soc. v.
ut or slender, 'E strictum, Gertn. , H. J. 4 en E. atens and E. gra-
- robustum., Don Prodr. 202; Wall. Cat. 4789. P
cile, Gay Monog, Erys. 9. . Marri, Fleming, alt.
e Tanal and Western Himalaya, from Nieat, Wallich, to ,

E i ite
>~ I5— DisTRIB. Siberia, Caucasus, N. Europe. s by slender strict qui
Very Variable, easily recognised amongst its Indian and distinct rather slender style.
D narrow linear pods, with upcurved stout pedicels, a

. 167 ; stem
yma pachycarpum, Hf € T. in Journ. Dien oe D i 3-Tozked,
cy Tobust tall angled branched, hairs scattered chie y IP alorter than the
NS betiol lanceolate sinuate-toothed, pedicels mu naed ën very thick
"Pals, flowers 3 in. diam., pods spreading very stout 4-ang

154 X. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) |[Erysimum.

pedicels } in. long minutely hairy, style thick !; in., valves obtuse at both
ends.
Temperate SrKKIM-HIMALAYA, in Lacken valley and Tungu, alt. 10—13,000 ft., H. f.
A remarkably stout, tall, erect plant, 13-2 ft. high. Stem many-angled ; branches,
long. Flowers bright orange yellow. Petals obovate-spathulate. Pods 2-24 by § in. ;
valves obtusely keeled, obtuse at both ends ; stigma large, capitate. Seeds small.

6. E. odoratum, Ehr.?; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 166 ; erect,
robust, stem angular above, leaves oblong or lanceolate sinuate-toothed or
entire scaberulous, flowers 1—2 in. diam., pedicels half as long as the sepals.

Kasumi, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Westers Tirer, alt. 9000 ft. .
Hairs on the upper leaf-surface appressed, fixed by the middle, with a few 3-furcate
ones, on the lower both are mixed.

7. E. altaicum, C. A. Meyer? ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 167 ;
hoary with appressed hairs, stem short erect rather slender angled, leaves
petioled linear-lanceolate entire or sinuate-toothed, radical sometimes run-
cinate, flowers large }—} in. diam., pedicels shorter than the sepals.

Western Hmataya and Western Tiger, alt. 7—10,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—Die-
TRIB. Caucasus; Altai Mts.

**** Stem sub-simple, stout, erect, leafy ; pods 3-5 in. long.

8. E. Thomsoni, H. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; tall, hoary with
3-furcate hairs, leaves small linear-lanceolate obscurely toothed, pods 3-4 m.
long very narrow 2 in. broad, pedicel stout i-i in., valves acute hoary
acutely keeled, style jy in.

Western Himalaya; Kunawor, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Thomson. lon

Best distiàguished by its hoary branched habit, small narrow acute leaves, very = g
pods with acutely keeled valves and rather long style.—There is a smaller p ant
ected by Winterbottom in Kashmir on the Baramula pass, but it is not in fruit.

9. E. longisiliquum, ZT. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 166 ; annal
tall, erect, robust, glabrous, stem acutely angled, leaves lanceolate abes
toothed, pedicels shorter than the sepals, pods spreading very slen
linear, valves with a prominent keel, style 4,—i in. stout, pedicels 12.

Temperate SiKKIM-HIMALAYA ; at Tungu, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H. f. ding

‘The tall robust habit, acutely angled stem, size of flower, and very long SPre^
pods (4-5 by +5 in.) best distinguish this.

22. CHRISTOLEA, Camb.

A glabrous or pubescent perennial. Leaves fleshy, entire or coarsely
toothed. Flowers m'a loose ebracteate raceme. Sepals short, SU alves
lateral slightly saccate at the base. Pods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; Y ub?
smooth l-nerved; stigma minute, conical, subentire. Seeds few, 8
seriate, flattened, not margined ; cotyledons linear, incumbent. ;

1. C. crassifolia, Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 17, t. 17 ; leaves py J^
obovate acute or obtuse, deeply toothed towards the tip. H.J E-
Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 167.

Western Tirer; alt. 12-15,000 ft., abundant. Flowers

A much branched, fragile herb ; hairs simple; branches decumbent, stout. Pods
4 in. diam. ; pedicels 4 in., hairy, erect. Petals } in., yellow with a purple base-
subsecund, 1-14 in., erect, flat, acute at both ends, nearly glabrous.

Braya.] X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 155

23. BEAYA, Sternb. & Hoppe.

Small tufted glabrous or hoary pubescent alpine perennials, with a
ranching rootstock. Leaves mostly radical, spathulate or linear, entire or
toothed. Flowers purple, rose-coloured or white, solitary or racemed. Sepals
short, equal at the base. Pods ovate-oblong or linear, subcylindric or
slightly compressed ; valves convex, 1-nerved ; style short or long ; stigma
capitate. Seeds usually 2-seriate, few or many ovoid, wingless.—DisTRIB.
pectes 12, alpine and arctic regions, the Andes.

. l. B. uniflora, 77. J. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 168 ; glabrous, leaves
linear-spathulate quite entire, scapes short 1-flowered.
WesTerN Tizer ; in Nubra, alt. 15-17,000 ft., Thomson. i
Rootstock stout, fleshy, covered with bleached petioles, branched at the crown.
ves fleshy, 1 in., petioled. Scapes many, about equalling the leaves. Pods linear,
11.; septum 2-nerved ; style short. Seeds sub-2-seriate, many.

2 B. alpina, Sternb. d: Hoppe: glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate,
flowers capitate. Deless, Ic. Select ii t. 92. B. Thomsoni, H. f. in Journ.
"^. Soc. v. 168. B.1 oxycarpa, H. f. & T. l.c. 169.
, Wesrern Tiger; Piti, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Thomson, Stewart.—Distr1s. European
gh Alps, arctic regions, : T
_ oot Stout, fleshy, long. Leaves tufted, Lin. Scapes 1-4 in., leafless, or with few
linear leaves, Flowers white or purple ; pedicels 4 in. Pods erect, linear- or elliptic-
1 a eolate, straight or curved, acute, glabrous; style usually long and slender. Seeds
~?-seriate—Very variable; the arctic American B. glabella is hardly distinct from it.

l 3. B. rosea, Bunge; Led. Fl. Boss. i. 194; glabrous or puberulous,
Thee narrowly linear-oblong, flowers crowded corymbose, pods very short
aad tic. H. f. d T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169.
Alpine Himalaya, from Sixkmr to Kounawor, alt. 15-17,000 ft.; Western TIBET,
1 H4-18,000 ft.—Disrris. Altai Mts. and arctic Siberia. i d leafless
xap Milar to B. alpina, differing chiefly in the shorter pods (7—$ in.), and leatie
pes. Seeds 8-12 in each capsule; style variable in length.

+ B. tibetica, 7. f £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 168; hoary or pu-
bescent, leaves narrow dina scapes naked, flowers subcapitate, petals
minute, pods short ovate.

*STERN Tiger; alt 13-18. ., Thomson. .
ee rigid, purplish ; rootntock "much divided, clothed with withered petioles.
ig erect, rarely spathulate, with 2-3 spreading teeth about the midrib ; margins
membr rarely glabrous, „Scapes many, 2-24 in., rarely 1-leafed. Sepals hairy, e s

mous, white or red, etals hardly exceeding the sepais. Pods in. long, rarely
Tous ; style long.

24. BRASSICA, Linn.

tig Sbteus or hispid herbs ; rootstock often woody. Leaves large, pinna-
or g + yrate, rarely entire. ' Flowers yellow, in long racemes. S6 °

la ag, lateral usually saccate at the base. Pods elongate, tere eor

nery, y ten With an indehiscent 1-seeded beak ; valves spes Ex
or i atera nerves flexuose; style beaked or ensiform; stigma trun

t, à Seeds l-seriate, globose or subcoinpressed ; pec enn

~ [Concave òr conduplicate, the radicle within the longitu old.

Species about 80 ; temperate regions of the Old World.

4

7

156 x. CRUCIFERZ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) — [Brassica.

Sect. I. Melanosinapis. Sepals spreading. Pods terete or sub-tetra-
gonal ; valves 1-nerved ; beak slender, seedless,

1. B. nigra, Koch. ; leaves all petioled, lower lyrate, upper entire,
racemes naked, pods slender appressed to the stem. Af. & y in Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 170. Sinapis nigra, Linn, ; Wall, Cat. 4790. S. erysimoides,
Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 123.

Cultivated in various parts of India and Tibet. .

Annual, 2-3 ft. high, rigid, branched, more or less hispid. Leaves 4-8 in. Flowers

4-4 in. diam, bright yellow. Pod }-} in., subulate ; valves keeled, torulose ;- cells 3-
5-seeded. Seeds oblong.

Sect. II. Bubrassica. Sepals erect. Pod sessile, cylindric, beak 0 T
conical, seedless ; valves 1-nerved. (The Cabbage, B. oleracea, with its cu

tivated forms, the Kale, Sprouts, Cole-rabi, Cauliflower and Broccoli, belong
to this section.) l

2. B. campestris, Linn. ; erect, lower leaves lyrate, upper anricled,
flowers cormybose, beak of pod flat seedless. H. f. & T, in Journ. p:
Soc. v. 169, Sinapis brassicata, Linn. S. dichotoma and S. glauca, £07
Fl. Ind. iii, 117, 118.

Cultivated throughout India. ft. high

An erect, stout, simple or branched, glabrous or slightly hispid annual, 1-3 It. mg ;
Leaves large, petioled, more or less pinnatifid, upper oblong or lanceolate. abro
large, bright yellow; pedicels 3 in., ascending or spreading. Pods 14-3 in., £'? k
suberect; valves with midrib and flexuous veins, Seeds small, smooth, pale or Car" m

SUBSP. 1. CAMPESTRIS proper; root tuberous, leaves glaucous, radical hispid, uppe
glabrous, petals persistent till the corymb lengthens.—( Swedish Turnip.) tals

Sussr. 2. Napus, Linn. (sp ); root fusiform, leaves all glabrous and glaucous, pe
desiduone before the corymb lengthens.—(Rape, Cole seed ; yields Colza aud
oils.

Sussr. 3. Rapa, Linn. (sp.); root tuberous, lower leaves hispid not glaucous, upper
glaucous and glabrous, petals deciduous.—Common Turnip.

3. B. trilocularis, H. f. d T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 170 ; lower leaves
lyrate, cauline amplexicaul auricled, pods pendulous long-beak
valved. Sinapis trilocularis, #ozb. Fl. Ind. iii. 121.

Subtropical Central and Eastern Himalaya, Nira, Sixx, and Assam, in ke A

Habit of subspecies Napus, but easily distinguished by the remarkable pendulous $ ves
celled and valved pods, which are 24-3 in. long; beak 1} in., terete, tapermg dark
with midrib and flexuous lateral nerves. Seeds large, globose, smooth, pale or dar

it and
4. B. quadrivalvis, M. f. & T. i» Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 169 Wr d
foliage of B. trvocularis, but pods smaller, on erect short pedicels, 4e
and valved, beak flattened.

Cultivated fields of B. campestris in the Urrer GaNggr valley ; banks
Soane, 4 f.

of the

Sect. III. Brassicoides. Sepals erect. Pods sessile, beak seed-bearing;
valves 1-ribbed. we

5. B. Tournefortii, Gowan ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 393; radical ello,
hispid runcinate-lyrate, cauline linear-lanceolate, flowers small p ek
Sda short compressed, B. Stocksii, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. Y.

Tisti
Urrzn Gancetic valley ; between Ajmir and Delhi, Jacquemont ; WESTERN
(cultivated), Edgeworth.—Disrgis. Westward to Spain and Italy.

Brassica.) X. CRUCIFERH. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 157

An erect, branching, hispid or glabrate annual, 1 ft. high. Radical leaves petioled,
crowded, spreading on the ground, hispid with white hairs, lobes toothed ; cauline
entire or pinnatifid. Pods 24 in., erect, glabrous, linear, compressed, torulose, beak
š in, linear, slightly tapering, obtuse, usually 1 seeded ; valves with a central and many
distant lateral nerves. Seeds compressed.

Sect. IV. Ceratosinapis. Sepals spreading. Pods slightly compressed,
subulate usualiy seedless ; valves 3-ribbed. Seeds globose.

6. B. juncea, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170; erect, glabrous,
lower leaves oblong-lanceolate toothed, upper narrow, pods suberect
torulose, beak long seedless, lateral nerves flexuous, B. Willdenovii, Boiss,
tn Ann, Sc. Nat. 1842, p. 88. Sinapis juncea, Zinn. S. integrifolia, Willd.

ramosa, rugosa, and cuneifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 119-124.

Cultivated in India abundantly.—Disrris. Cult. westward to Egypt, and eastward

ina.

A tall erect branching annual, rarely glaucous, or hispid (at the base only). Lower

wes petioled, sometimes pinnatifid; upper lanceolate, toothed, subsessile. Flowers

ght yellow. Pods 4 in., linear-lanceolate; beak straight, flattened, 4 in. ; valves with
*Prominent midrib. Seeds small, dark, rugose.

7. B. alba, 77. J. €& T. ; stem hispid, leaves pubescent pinnatisect, upper
segments confluent, pods spreading cylindric torulose usually hirsute, beak
very long, decurrent along the pod, 1-seeded. B. foliosa, Willd. Enum. 68%.

inapis alba, Linn,

Cultivated fields at Ferozepore in the Poxsas, Thomson.—Distere. From Syria
eastward throughout S. Europe.

<a erect annual, 2 ft. high, with a hispid or rarely glabrous stem. Leaves all
rar, usually: hispid; segments ovate, toothed or lobulate. Pods ab ut 1 in.,
and Spreading, cylindric, beak half as long, flattened, sometimes 2 seeded, valves
of the beak white with hispid hairs.

Sinapis patens, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 124, is a Nasturtium.

25. DIPLOTAXIS, DC.

vigtual or biennial branching herbs. eaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow
com or purple. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Pods elongate, linear,
iis Pressed, sometimes with a short 1-seeded beak ; valves 1-nerved ; style
ob rally slender, stigma simple or 2-lobed. Seeds numerous, 2-seriate,
Drs? Compressed or subglobose; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate.—

- Species about 20; Mediterranean region, Western and Central

FS genus closely allied to Brassica but differing in the flat pods, biseriate seeds, often
epals, and pink or purple flowers.
es ispi l tire or cut
flo rifüthii, Z7. /. œ T.; hispid, lower leaves oblong entire ;
én large, pedicels slender, style very stout. Brassica Griffithii, ZZ f.
Kasqa ourn. Linn. Soc. v. 171 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 389.
Jess n the Salt Range of the PuxJas, Fleming.—Disreis. Affghanistan and
n erect, br i ispi i ] ith spreadin
» rect, branched annual, 1-3 ft. high, hispid especially below with spreading
toothed lobe hairs, Lower leaves shortly petioled, bong or oblong-lanceolate, entire
Pods 11-2 d or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate, less divided. Flowers purplish or white.
Boiss, (H m., erect, linear.—Dr. Anderson was disposed to unite with this D. acris,
“pers, Forsk) a native of Arabia and N. Africa.

158 X. cRUCIFERJ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Eruea,

96. ERUCA, Tourn.

Erect branching herbs. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Flowers lilac or yellow,
veined with violet. „Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals veined.
Pods closely adpressed to the axis, ovoid-oblong, turgid, terete, with a large
ensiform seedless beak ; valves concave, 3-nerved ; stigma simple.
numerous, 2-seriate, globose; cotyledons conduplicate. — DistRiB. Three
species, inhabiting the Mediterranean region and W. Asia.

1. E. sativa, Lamk. ; Brassica Eruca, Linn ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. v. 171. B. erucoides, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 117.

Cultivated places in Nortnern and CENTRAL Inpra, the Western HrwALAYA,
ascending to 10,000 ft, and Urrer Gancetic valley.—Duisteis. Westward to the
Canaries.

Glaucous, glabrous, or subhispid Stem 6-18 in. Leaves variously toothed, rarely
obovate and subentire. Flowers large, pale yellow or white and veined. often
tipped with hairs. Pods 1 in., erect and appressed to the stem; pedicels shorter than
the calyx ; valves twice as long as the broad flattened peak.

27. MORICANDIA, DC.

Smooth glaucous branched herbs, often woody at the base. Leaves entire,
amplexicaul or pinnatisect. ` Flowers rather large, violet, purple or rose
colored. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed. d
linear, elongate, subtetragonal, with or without a flattened 1-seeded low
valves flat or bluntly keeled, 1- rarely many-nerved ; stigmatic lobes un!
into a short cone. Seeds numerous, 1-2-seriate, compressed, sometimes
winged ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate.—DisTRrB. Species about 5,
natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia, and W. Asia.

1, M. arvensis, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 626; glaucous, glabrous, leaves ob-
ovate obtuse, cau!ine amplexicaul, pods tetragonal compressed, bea broad,
seeds small sub-2-seriate. J. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. Brassica
arvensis, Linn.

Stewart—Distris, Westward to Persia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean region. Jine

Biennial, or a perennial of short duration. Leaves 2-4 in., shortly petioled ; cau ^
ovate or oblong with large clasping auricles. Flowers few, large, shortly pedice ain
a loose long raceme. Petals rose-coloured, much larger than the sepals. Pods 2 , ô
very narrow, erect; valves nerved; style usually broad, thickened, acute, some "a
long and slender. °

2. M. tortuosa, H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 172 ; leaves ellipti%
oblong, cauline sessile, pods long subcylindric, beak cylindric acute, §
1-seriate. Douepia tortuosa, Cambess, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 18, t. 18.

Salt plains of the Puxsan, West of the Indus, Jacquemont ; SALT RANGE, F rr

An erect, glaucous, glabrous, branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high. Stem below thi :
woody, sometimes tortuose. Leaves thick, mucronate, entire or crenate-sinuate; ys
3-5 in. narrowed into a broad petiole. Flowers few, large, erect, scatte s pals
Jengthened raceme. Petals pale rose-coloured, nearly twice the length of the r y
Pods erect, or ascending, linear; beak | in.; style short, conical, pointed ; j
conyex, striated, margins prominent. Seeds subglobose.

Capsella.) x. cRUcCiFERUE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 159

28. CAPSELLA, Monch.

Small branched annuals or perennials, Radical leaves entire or pinnatifid.
Flowers small, white, raceme |. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals
short, Pods obcordate cuneate ovate or oblong, laterally compressed ; valves
convex or boat-shaped ; septum very narrow ; style short. Seeds numerous,
2seriate, narrowly margined; cotyledons incumbent.—DisTRIB, Species 6,
natives of N. and S. temperate regions,

l. C. Bursa-pastoris, Mænch. ; leaves rosulate pinnatifid, pod trian-
gular or-obcordate. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 172.

Cultivated places throughout temperate India.—Dusreis. A weed of cultivation.
brous or hairy; hairs branched ; root long, tapering. Stems 6-16 in., branched.
aves pinnatifid, rarely entire, upper lobe triangular, cauline auricled. Flowers +’ in.

fam. Pods 4-4 in.; pedicels slender; style short; valves smooth. Seeds many,
oblong, punctate.

2. C. elliptica, C. A. M. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 199 ; annual, glabrous, stems
slender decumbent and ascending, leaves entire or pinnatifid, pods ovate-
oblong truncate. H. J. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. C. procumbens,
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 340. Hutchinsia procumbens, Desv.

Western Tirer, alt. 14,000 ft., Thomson—Disram. Westward to S. Europe and

- Africa (Australia, Chili, perhaps introduced). . .

ems 2-10 in., numerous from the root, filiform, flexuous. Leaves 4-3 in., radical
Petioled, oblong or spathulate; upper more sessile, linear, entire. Flowers minute,
wate, in elongating racemes with a capillary rachis. Pods distant, jj in., on long
capillary horizontal pedicels ; valves boat-shaped. Seeds many, minute.

3. C. Thomsoni, 77. J. in Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 173; perennial, hoary-
tomentose branches spreading from the root, leaves pinnatisect, racemes
eafy, pod broadly oblong truncate at both ends. Hutchinsia tibetica,
homson in Hook, Te. Pl. t. 900.

WESTERN Tier, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Nubra, Strachey; Ladak, T; ‘homson.
ped long, fusiform, almost woody, crowned by a short stock that emits many pro-
R te leafy ranches, 2-6 in. long, with ascending tips. Leaves sessile, 4-1 in., linear-
em segments lanceolate. Flowers crowded, white, in the axils of leafy bracts,
ii Partly pedicelled. Pods }in.; valves much compressed, obscurely keeled
^r ; Stigma sessile, minute. Seeds numerous, very small, funicles slender.—A
Curious plant, quite unlike its congeners, with the habit of the Siberian Hutchinsia
yea, Desv, (Smelowskia, O. A. M.)

29. LEPIDIUM, Linn.
Di

p, use or erect herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, with entire or divided leaves.

someti, * small, white, ebracteate. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals

n imes 2-4 or 0. Stamens 6,4, or0. Pods ovate or oblong, rarely glo-

M pally orbicular, laterally much compressed, tip notched or entire ;

tolitar oat-shaped, keeled or winged ; septum narrow, membranous. Seeds

W Mn each cell ; cotyledons incumbent (in the Indian species).—Dis-
Pecies about 80, chiefly European and Asiatic.

Stor. L Car aa
SEcr, damum. Pods ovate or oblong, notched at the tip; valves
Winged. Cotyledons divided.

Ld. sati . . ^ . ds orbi-
Cular-ov vum, Linn. ; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnatisect, pods orbi
“vate, wings narrow. ZH. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 174 (Cress.).

160 X. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Lepidium.

Cultivated throughout India and Western Tibet. . .

A glabrous erect annual, 6-18 in. Radical leaves long-petioled; cauline sessile and
usually entire. Flowers small, in long racemes, white. Pods deeply notched ; pedicels
appressed.—Not known in an indigenous state.

Sect. II. Cardaria. Pod transversely oblong, tip entire ; valves turgid,
wingless.

2. L. Draba, Linn. ; pubescent, perennial, leaves oblong repand-toothed,
upper with sagittate auricles. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178.
chalepense, Schrenk., and L. repens, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 356.

A weed of cultivation in the Punsas.—Distris. Westwards to Europe. .

Stem 1-3 ft., simple or branched, flexuous. Leaves 1—3 in., lower petioled, upper with
converging auricles. Flowers lin. diam., white, in branched panicles. Pod š in,
de:toid with rounded angles, constricted between the papillose valves, of which one 18 often
imperfect; pedicels spreading.

Sect. III. Lepidiastrum. Pod elliptic or ovoid, tip entire; valves
wingless.

3. L. latifolium, Linn. ; perennial, erect, glaucous, radical leaves
oblong serrate, pod ovoid. H.f. £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 173.
Western TisET, abundant. Disrris. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. Africa. sah
An erect, branched, glabrous or pubescent leafy almost shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high.
Radical leaves petioled, often 1 ft. long, upper cauline sessile. Flowers minute, In 8 ort
densely panicled bracteate corymbs. Pods j'; in. long ; pedicels short, spreading.
Var. PLATYCAKPA, Trautv.; leaves rather fleshy entire indistinctly 3 nerved, flowers
capitate, pods orbicular slightly pilose and reticulate—Wesrern Tiset, Thomson
tewart.

Sect. IV. Dileptium. Pod elliptic or oblong, tip retuse or notched ;
valves keeled, wingless or winged at the tip only.

4. L. ruderale, Linn. ; annual, lower leaves 2-pinnatifid, flowers à ç
talous diandrous, pod orbicular-oblong flat, valves winged at the tip.
& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175.

Temperate Western Tirer, alt. 713,000 ft., Thomson.—Distris. Westward through-
out Europe. ts

Erect or diffuse, glabrous or pubescent. Radical leaves much divided, segmen
narrow ; upper cauline linear, entire. Flowers minute in terminal and lateral cory!
Pod j,—js in. ; pedicles slender, diverging. Seeds compressed.

5. L. capitatum, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 175; prostra
leafy, leaves sessile upper cuneate-oblong toothed beyond the mJ le
flowers tetrandrous in dense lateral capitate racemes, pods 0 rudera
L. incisum, Zdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 33 (not of Ledebour).

30. DILOPHIA, Thoms.

A dwarf glabrous fleshy herb, with along tapering perennial root, -
tufted spathulate or linear, entire or toothed leaves. Flowers numerous,

|

Dilophia.| x. CRUCLFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 161

white, in densely contracted sessile subumbellate racemes. Sepals spreading,
equal at the base. Petals spathulate, retuse or toothed, Pods very short com-
pressed on the 4 sides, obcordate ; valves gibbous at the back, with a double
crest ; septum broad, perforated, ultimately disappearing. Seeds 2-4 in each
cell, oblong, wingless, on short thickened cords ; cotyledons incumbent.

1. D. salsa, Thoms. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 20, and iv. t. 12.

In salt marshes in Western Tirer, alt. 12-17,000 ft.—Disrrie. Tian Schan Mts.
cot simple, giving off many stout spreading stems at the crown. Sepals and petals
persisting round the opening pods.—Specimens collected by Baron Von CEsten Sacken
in the Tian Schan Mts., and which Ruprecht described in his Sertum Tianshanicum,
differ but slightly from the Tibetan ones.

31. MEGACARPZEA, DC.

Large coarse perennial herbs, with a thick fleshy root and stem, and large
2pinnate radical leaves. lowers racemed or subcorymbose, white or violet
coloured. Sepals equal at the base. Petals oblong, entire. Stamens 6 or
humerous, filaments not toothed. Pods large, indehiscent, didymous, much
attened at the sides; valves orbicular, broadly winged; stigma sessile.

ds large, solitary in each cell, much flattened, not winged ; cotyledons
accumbent.—DISTRIB. Species 3, 2 Tibetan the 3rd Caspian.

l 1. M. polyandra, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1855, vii. 356, t. 7 ;
eaf-segments incised and toothed, stamens 10-16, pods notched at the
and tip, lobes orbicular. Zf. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176.

ul STERN Tiser; Balti, alt. 10.500 ft., Winterbottom; Western Himalaya, Kuwaow,
712,000 ft , Strachey and Winterbottom.
cot as thick as the wrist, annulate. Stem 1-2 ft, as thick as the thumb below,
ranched above. Leaves 1-2 ft., a span broad; segments very irregular, sharply toothed.
this cence much branched, puberulous; flowers cup-shaped, 4 in. diam., shorter than
ilat pedicels, white. Filaments stont, fleshy, svbulate. Ovary broadly obovate, base
as bre Into the fleshy lobed disk ; stigma entire, discoid. Pod 2 in, diam., wings nearly
road as the cell, veined. Seed reniform.

2 M. bifida, 2 . 1 ite entire, sta-
» Benth, l.c. 357 ; leaf-segments lanceolate quite € 5
mens 7—11, pods deeply 2-lobed; lobes obovate at length conniving. J.J.
-m Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 176.

W : : . .
P Arienia Ter, in the Kishengunga valley, alt. 7400 ft, Winterbottom; Deotsu,

rt 12-18 in, stout, stiff erect. Leaves with decurrent quite entire lobes 2-3 in.
acute cute or acuminate. Pods 2-3 in. diam., lobes broadly obliquely obovate, sinus
only aioe equalling 3 of the cell—Specimens very imperfect, Winterbottom has
Rey, pment of a leaf well preserved, with quite entire lobes. Falconer’s specimens
ed rivelled as to be hardly recognizable, and the accompanying leaves, which are

» Probably belong to M. polyandra.

32, THLASPY, Linn.

dag Or perennial herbs, eaves entire or toothed, the upper often
SB the stem. Flowers racemose, small, white or rarely pale rose.
Cular deer erect, equal at the base. Petals equal or nearly so. Pod orbi-
Valves me or obcordate, laterally compressed, emarginate, rarely acute ;

VOL, 1, Shaped, keeled or broadly winged; septum narrow, mem ranous,

162 x. CRUCIFERÆ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [ Thlaspi.

style short or long. Seeds 2 or more in each cell, not winged ; radicle ac-
cuümbent.—DisTRIB. Species about 30 ; natives of temperate Europe, Asia,
and N. America.

1. T. arvense, Linn. ; glabrous, annual, erect, leaves obovate oblong
toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds concentrically grooved. H. f. &
in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176.

A weed of cultivation throughout the temperate and subalpine HIMALAYA, ascending
to 14,000 ft.—Disrris. Europe, Asia, always in cultivated places. .

Stem 6-18 in., simple or corymbosely branched above. Radical leaves etioled, em
withering; cauline 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, toothed ; auricles sagittate.
Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels spreading, a little longer than - the pods.

1-3 in. diam., much flattened, obovate-orbicular, wing very broad, notch deep, some-
times closed by the overlapping of the sides. Seeds 5-6 in each cell.

2. T. cardiocarpum, H. f. & T. in Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 176 ; annual,
erect, leaves broadly oblong obscurely toothed, cauline amplexicaul,
smooth.

Kasnwrg, alt. 5-9000 ft—Duistris. Affghanistan. basal

Slightly glaucous, less robust than the preceding. Stem 6-12 in. ; branches peri
few, tall, erect. Radical leaves shortly petioled; cauline ovate or oblong, obtuse, m ;
auricles broadly sagittate. Racemes elongate in fruit, pedicels £ in. Pods hos
notched at the tip; valves with a membranous reticulated wing, broad and q
above. Seeds 4-5 in each cell.—Closely allied to and perhaps identical wtth T.
chyanum, Boiss., of which we have not seen ripe fruit.

3. T. alpestre, Li»n.; perennial, tufted, radical leaves oblong ih.
ovate, cauline cordate amplexicaul, pods triangular-obcordate, seeds cg 4
H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177. T. cochleariforme, DC.
fithianum, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 329,

Temperate and subalpine HIMALAYA and Western TinET from SikkrM to Kasi,
alt. 7-12,000 ft.; in Sikkim only on the dry inuer ranges.—Disrris. Alps of Europe
Asia, America; Andes. Root

Stem 4-12 in., stiff, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, erect, simple or branched. times
stock often branching and shortly creeping near the surface. Radical leaves some 1
almost orbicular, cauline oblong or obovate-cordate ; auricles small obtuse. long
rather large, white; racemes much elongated in fruit; pedicels horizontal, as ives
as the pods. Pods } in. narrowed at the base, broadly not deeply notched; “ha
compressed, wing very narrow below, broader above; angles rounded, ouier
sharp; style equalling the notch or projecting beyond it. Seeds 4-8 in each cell.

4. T. cochlearioides, 7/. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177 dus
decumbent, glabrous, perennial, radical leaves very long-petioled or Fi ea
ovate, scape flexuous decumbent few-flowered, pods oblong curve
twisted.

Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H. f.

Somewhat fleshy. Rootstock slender, branching above and sparingly berect,
the fibrous bases of the old petioles. Stems few, 1-2 in., weak, decumbent or U^.
with 2 or 3 small sessile ovate leaves. Radical leaves loosely tu ed, :
slender, slightly toothed, under side pitted. Flowers small, white, in a short S
Pon + in., racemose, emarginate ; valves compressed, narrowly bordered ; style
slender.

33. IBERIDELLA, Boiss.

. _ Glabrous herbs or small undershrubs, branching from the base. -
alternate, rarely opposite, upper generally amplexicaul with sagittate

lridella.] x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 163

cles, Flowers white or rose-coloured, racemose, Sepals erect, lateral saccate
at the base. Petals equal. Pod compressed, oblong-lanceolate, acute ;
valves keeled, without wings; septum narrow, membranous ; style elongate.
veds 2 to 6 in each cell, not margined ; cotyledons obliquely accumbent.—
TRIB. Species 6, W. Asiatic.

l. I. Andersoni, 77. f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177 ; radical leaves
short petioled tufted ovate-oblong, cauline oblong obtuse.

Western Himalaya in Kumaon, Strachey and Winterbottom; and Garwuat, T. An-
derson; alt. 12-16,000 ft., in wet grassy places.

Root slender, branching above. Stems erect, 2—4 in. high, simple or branched from

e base; flowerless shoots weak, decumbent. Radical leaves indistinctly toothed ;
cauline with small cordate auricles; leaves of the barren shoots broadly ovate or almost
orbicular, shortly petioled. Flowers numerous, racemed, rather large, white or pale
tse. Pods (immature) 1 in, much flattened, narrow, lanceolate, curved, acute ; valves
wingless; style very short, acute, tapering from the base.

34. ISA TIS, Linn.

Erect, tall, branching annuals or biennials, with petioled radical leaves ;
Ine sessile sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in loose terminal racemes.
epals equal at the base, spreading, Petals equal, entire. Pod flat, oblong
povate or cuneate-oblong rarely suborbicular, 1-celled, indehiscent ; centre
ard, often depressed; margin membranous foliaceous or thickened ;
n gma sessile, Seed solitary, pendulous, oblong; cotyledons incumbent,
rarely accumbent,—D1sTRIB, Species about 30, natives of the Mediterranean
teglon, and Central and W. Asia.

Se tinctoria, Linn. ; biennial, radical leaves entire or coarsely
i ke » cauline glabrous, pods cuneate-oblong l-ribbed, pedicel not
sned at the tip, H f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178.

Cultivated places; Western Tingr, Falconer.—Disrgms. Westward to Europe and

the Canary Islands,

1 ah somewhat glaucous and glabrous with a few hairs near the base. Stem

Obovat, PtOnt, thick, much branched above. Radical leaves 2-5 in., petioled, from
vate to oblong-lanceolate, cauline narrow, 1-2 in. long, entire, auricles acute sagit-
ver wers small, yellow, racemed in a many branched panicle; pedicels glabrous,

pap der recurved after flowering. Pods 1-3 in. glabrous, rounded at the tip,

9 the base; midrib thickened at the centre of the pod.

i r costata, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ii. 204; annual, glaucous,
ribh leaves obovate or oblong entire, cauline ciliate, pods elliptic-oblong
7 ed, pedicel thickened at the tip. H. f. € T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 170.

STERN Tingr; valley of the Kishengunga in Balti, alt. 4-7000 ft., Winterbottom ;
Cotas, Falconer, Dist Altai mountains Soongaria, Caspian region to the Volga.
perin „ft thick, erect, branched above. Radical leaves 3-5 in., tip rounded, base
rging mto a short petiole; cauline linear-oblong, 2-4 in., uppermost linear, $ in.,

à and midrib beneath ciliate. Racemes loosely panicled ; pedicels glabrous,
"E or recurved, subsecund. Pods 4 in., rounded at the tip, glabrous. .

ta

35. TAUSCHERIA, Fisch.

Àn en ° ] :
Flows. ect, glabrous, branching annual. eaves entire, stem-clasping.
* small, yellow, in yy boss panicles, Sepals erect, equal at the

164 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) (|Tuauscheria.

base. Pods short, boat-shaped, concave above, convex below, centre
crustaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled with a broad wing folded inwards at the
edges and prolonged into a short triangular style. Seed solitary, pendulous
from the top of the cell, cotyledons incumbent.

1. T. lasiocarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 210. T. desertorum, Led. Ic. Pl. Fl.
Ross, t. 139; Royle Ill. 72, t. 17 ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 178.

KusNAwuRn in the Western Himalaya and Western Tirer, alt. 10-13,000 ft.—Dis-
TRIB. Soongaria and the Caspian region. .

Stem 1 ft., seldom branching from below. Leaves ovate-oblong, radical subpetioled,
cauline with cordate auricles. lowers in a loose corymbose panicle; pedicels recurved
in fruit. Pods 1 in., thickly glandular-hairy.— All the Tibetan and Himalayan spe
cimens have pubescent pods and hence belong to var. lasiocarpa ; plants with glabrous
pods occur in Soongaria and the Caspian region, apparently associated with var.
carpa.

36 DIPTERYGIUMM, Dcne.

A virgate rigid much branched shrub with the habit of a Cleome, the
branches ending in few-flowered racemes. eaves small, ovate-oblong,
entire. Flowers small, few, in bracteate racemes. Sepals short, equal at
the base. Stamens free; filaments entire, 1-celled, ellipsoid, compress
laterally, indehiscent, coriaceous, surrounded by a membranous winë
Seed solitary, erect, winged ; cotyledons concave, incumbent.

1. D. glaucum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, iv. 67; H. f. € T.
in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 179; Boiss Fl. Orient. i. 417. Isatis spartioides,
Edgew. mss,

In the Pungas, near Mooltan, Edgeworth.—DisrRrB. Arabia, N. E. Africa.

A shrub, 6-12 in., with many divaricate branches, glabrous, or the leaves and "i
slightly rough with viscid glands. Leaves few, 4-4 in. long, shortly peto
Flowers subsessile; bracts scaly, 3i; in. Pods š in., transversely wrinkled, drooping:

37. NESLIA, Desv.

An annual herb, with branched pubescence. eaves entire or sinuate
toothed, cauline sagittate. Flowers small, yellow, in ebracteate panic
racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals entire. Pods sho y
stalked, subglobose, slightly flattened, coriaceous, indehiscent. Seed 80
tary ; cotyledons incumbent.

38. BUCLIDIUM, Br.

Branching, leafy, rigid annuals, with forked or branched pubescens
Leaves entire coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white, 1n temm
or lateral, ebracteate racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base beak,
small, erect, subsessile, subglobose, crowned by an oblique subulate ;

Bulidium] x. crucIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 165

hard and crustaceous, indehiscent, rarely dehiscent, 2-celled ; septum thick.
2, oblong, pendulous; cotyledons accumbent or obliquely incumbent.—
ISTRIB. Species 2, central and western Asia.

1, E. syriacum, R. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 74; JH. f. & T. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. v. 179; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 386; Griff. Itin. Notes 272, No. 631.

Kase, alt. 5-6000 ft., Winterbottom ; Punsas, at Peshawur, Stewart.—DisTRIB.
Westwards to central Europe.

Diffuse, much branched, 4-12 in. high, with 2-3-furcate hairs or glabrous ; branches
stout, rigid when old. Leaves 1-4 in., petioled, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers distantly
subspicate ; pedicels very short, much thickened in fruit. Pods } in. long, pitted,

airy; beak (style) stout, obliquely reflexed, mucronate.

39. CRAMBE, Tourn.

Stout herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pilose. eaves pinnate lyrate or
thed. Racemes elongate, ebracteate, usually panicled. Flowers conspi-
cuous, White. Sepals spreading, equal at the base ; filaments of the longer
stamens frequently toothed at the top. Pods indehiscent, articulate, the
upper joint globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; lower seedless forming a pedicel to
"ed: per joint. Seed globose, pendulous from the incurved tip of the
ance, which rises from the base of the cell; cotyledons conduplicate.—
ISTRIB. Species about 20, European and temp. Asiatic.

" l. C. cordifolia, Stev. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosq. iii. 267 ; H. f. & T. in
ourn, Linn. Soc, v. 180 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 405. C. Kotschyana, Boiss.
- 1. 406.

Kuxawor in the Western Himalaya, and in Western Tier, alt. 10-14,000 ft.—
B. Westward to Persia and the Caucasus, . cal

A tall stout bristly hairy perennial. Stem striated. Rootstock thick. Radica
3.5 on stout petioles, 1-2 in., petiole striated and dilated at the base, rounded and
arate, laciniate and variously toothed ; cauline on shorter petioles ovate elliptic or
“mboid, toothed or lobed. Racemes loosely panicled. Pods globose, upper part
Pisiform, crustaceous —Some Tibetan specimens have broader petals and shorter stamens
with the filaments of the long stamens almost simple) than are found in the Affghan

and Caucasian . but ; k s the root 1s
` an; these plants agree in all other respects. Stocks say
*aten in Beluchistan. P gr

40. PHYSORHYNCUS, Hook.

À glabrous, glaucous leafy undershrub. Leaves fleshy, lower petioled,
ber auricled. Flowers large, white, in elongated distantly flowered
Dio’ racemes, Sepals erect, equal at the base. Pods indehiscent
pune the lower joint longitudinally 2-celled, seedless, with sma
reas valves ; upper joint large, ovoid, with a long conical beak (style)
8 bes th with thick lacunose walls ; cells 2-4-seeded ; septum thin ; stigma
l capitate. Seeds flattened, pendulous from the side of the cells; coty-

9n$ conduplicate,

(viae: brahvicus, Mook. Jc. Pl. t. 821 and 822, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 403
Syn. P. chamerapistrum, Boiss. Le. UR
745, in the Salt Range, Vicary.—Disrmm. Westwards to Southern Persia.

"d "its Perennial, about 2 ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., ovate-oblong, entire- or repand-
diarm tip rounded or acute, lower petioled; cauline narrowed at the base, s ightly
thicke nt and auricled, uppermost linearlanceolate. Pedicels erect, din, a 4

Ded at the top. Pods 4-3 in.

166 x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Haphanus.

4. RAPHANUS, Linn.

Coarse, rough or glabrous annuals or biennials, Leaves lyrate-pinnate
or pinnatifid. Flowers large, yellow, white or pale lilac, veined with purple,
in long ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, lateral ones saccate ‘at the base.
Pods indehiscent, elongate, terete, thick, continuous or constricted, with a
long tapering pointed beak, continuous within or filled with pith separating
the seeds. Seeds pendulous, globose; cotyledons conduplicate.—DISTRIB.
Species about 6, European and Asiatic.

1. R. sativus, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 228 ; lower leaves lyrate. (Radish.)

Cultivated throughout India, and up to 16,000 ft. in the Himalaya.—DisrrsB. With
cultivation throughout the temperate and warm zones. :abl

Root fleshy, variable in size and form. Leaves roughly pilose. Flowers variable,
usually white or lilac with purple veins. Pods terete, continuous, 1 in. to 2 ft. (R. caw
datus L.).—The variety (R. caudatus), with whip-like pods as long as the entire
plant, is commonly cultivated in Western India and the Punjab. The younger
Linneus (Pl. Rar. Hort. Upsal, Dec. i. t. 10, an excellent figure) gives Java as me
country from whence the seeds of caudatus were received, under the name “ Moug;
R. Raphanistrum, Linn., can scarcely be distinguished from R. sativus, and is probably
only the wild state of it.

42. GOLDBACHIA, DC.

A glabrous, glaucous, branched annual Lower leaves petioled, upper
auricled. lowers small, pale rose, in elongate, ebracteate racemes. € K
erect, equal at the base. Pods coriaceous, indehiscent, tetragonal, slightly
constricted between the seeds, but scarcely jointed, curved, tapering above
into a broad flattened beak ; cells 2 or 3, superimposed in one row, ec
l-seeded. Seeds oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons incumbent.

l. G. levigata, DC. Syst. ii. 577 ; radical leaves many ovate-oblong
sinuate-toothed. H. f. dœ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 180 ; Boiss, Fl. Orvent.
243. G. torulosa, DC. l.c.

Kasimir, alt. 5000 ft., Jacquemont ; common in the Pux3As.—DisrRIS. Westward
to S. Russia. ghil

Stem 9-15 in. high. Radical leaves 4-5 in.; cauline lanceolate, usually e p
toothed, shortly auricled. Pods pendulous, 4 in. long, reticulately veined, costa “hes
the angles; pedicels rather slender, reflexed, shorter than the pods.—Boissier -—
a variety, D. ascendens, having erect pods, with reflexed pedicels. The peni
Indian specimens examined have all drooping pods, with the exception of one
Affghanistan, in which the lower pods are ascending.

43, CHORISPORA, DC.

A small, branching or tufted, glandular or hairy herb. Leaves entire o;
pinnatisect. lowers yellow or purple, in few-flowered ebracteate we ct,
pedicels lengthened, usually thickening after flowering. Sepa Jebis-
lateral saccate at the base. Pod elongate, cylindric, torulose, pes of
cent, with a lengthened beak ; cells numerous, 2-seriate, 1-seeded ; 10
the stigma erect; cotyledons accumbent. — DISTRIB. About 7 species
tives of Western Asia.

1. C. tenella, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 435.; annual, leaves oblong-lanceol
or spathulate, flowers purplish, pedicels very short, pods obsc

Chorispora.) ^ x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 167

lose, style rigid subulate, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 181; Boiss, Fl.
Orient, ii. 143,

Western Himalaya and the Punjab; Kasur, alt. 5-7000 ft. T. T; Sarr RANGE

ming.—Disrrie. Central Asia and westward to Asia-Minor. "

Pilose or rough glandular, rarely glabrous. Stem 6-9 in. much branched from t "
ase. Leaves shortly petioled ; lower sometimes pinnatifid; upper entire or toot ed-
Flowers small, remote, purple (like those of Malcolmia africana). Racemes muc
elongate in fruit. Pods 13 in., ascending, slender, curved, transverse-jointed, not con-
stricted ‘between the seeds, beak long subulate; pedicels à—] in., spreading, ultimately
as thick as the pods

2. €. sibirica, DC. Syst. ii. 437 ; annual, glandular-hairy, leaves inter-
ruptedly pinnatifid, pedicels slender, pods slender curved torulose mon
form, beak slender subulate. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 181. '

Hasora in Western Tiset, Winterbottom.—Disrris. Western and Altaian Siberia.

À straight, spreading herb, 6-8 in., with numerous branches from the base. E a
lamow; lobes equal, entire or lobulated, acute; terminal long, lanceolate. 1
rather large, yellow, few, very remote in lengthened racemes. Pods 1 in. usna Y
curved ; cells 2-seriate, opposite, or one row a little higher than the other, i neve

ternate, pedicels more slender than the pods, ascending or sometimes arche

; ; i lan-
3. C. sabulosa, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 15, t. 15; perennial, gl
dular-hairy, leaves entire toothed or pinnatifid, flowers yellow or purplish,
Dedicels very slender, pods irregularly deeply torulose, joints gi ous, eas
ort slender. H, f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 181; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i.
144; Grif. Itin, Notes, 306, n. 1054. C. elegans, Camb. Lc. 15, t. 14-

Western Himalaya, from Kunawur to Kasumir; and WesrEnN Tinzr, alt. 10-17,000

Order XI. CAPPARIDEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Herbs Shrubs or trees, erect or climbing. Leaves simple or palmate y
»oliolate; stipules 2 or 0, sometimes spinescent, Inflorescence 1 gular
lite ; flowers solitary racemed corymbose or umbelled, regular or to arely
Usually 2-sexual. Sepals 4, free or connate, valvate or imbrica th “disk
oben in bud, Petals 4 (rarely 2 or 0), hypogynous or seated on the ans.
‘cate or open in bud. Stamens 4 or more, hypogy nous OF Ad or
in. the base of or on a long or short gynophore. Disk 0, or kwa or 0.
"Ing the calyx. tube. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1-celled ; sty les lacentás
~ Cepressed or capitate ; ovules indefinite, on 2-4 Pi eds n led or
Amphi- or campy-lotropous, Fruit capsular or berried. See 22 pecies
œm, exalbuminous; embryo incurved.—DistRiB, Genera 23,
chiefly tropical, . don a large
disk - order with various abnormal genera.— Crateva bis poisis ine aia Das a uni
lateral 3c 1^ and Niebuhria (which want petals) are calyci iy cular ovary, 3 subu-
pe disk (bundle of filaments ?). Roydsia, with 6 sepals, a 3- E hore might well
e les, axile placentation and a straight embryo, though include ,
of a distinct Order. i

103 XI. CAPPARIDEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

TRIBE I. Cleomese. Herbs. Fruit capsular.
Stamens sessile on the disk. Petals imbricate in bud . . . 1. CLEOME.
Stamens on the gynophore. Petals open in bud . 2. GYNANDROPSIS.

Tree II. Capparese. Shrubs or trees, Fruit berried or capsular.

* Calyx tube lined by the disk, lobes valvate.

Petals 0. Fruit ovoid . + . 3. NiERUHRIA.
Petals 4. Fruit moniliform . ... . 4. Marva.
Sepals 4, open in bud. Disk hemispheric 5. CRATÆVA.

Sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricate, or 2 outer valvate.
Stamens 4-6, inserted high on the gynophore 6. CADABA.
Stamens 8-00, inserted at the base of the gynophore . 7. CAPPARIS.
Sepals 6, 2-seriate. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3 . e 8. RovpsiA,

-

1. CLEOME, Linn. 204

Herbs. Leaves simple or digitately 3-9-foliolate. Flowers racemed, yd
. rose or purple. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, regular or ascending. €
4-8, sessile on the disk. Ovary sessile or with a short gynophore jin ye
short or 0 ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule oblong or ineat,
valves 2 separating from the seed-bearing placentas. Seeds reniform.—
Distr, Species about 80, chiefly tropical. i
C. heptaphylla, L., a W. Indian species, is cultivated in India; it is a tall ene
viscid aunual, with prickly stems, 7 leaflets, large purple flowers, and a long gynop ser

* Leaves simple.

1. C. monophylla, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 239; leaves oblong lanceolate
puberulous penninerved, bracts petiolate, stamens 6. Wall. Cat. 69 Fl
W. & A. Prodr. 21; Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 129 ; Thwaites Enum, 14; Oh
Trop. Afric. i. 76. C. cordata, DC. l.c.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 100, f. 3.

Western Peninsula from Benar and the Concan to CEYLON, in fields and waste
places.—Disrris. Tropical Africa. ers
Stem 1-2 ft., erect, branched. Leaves 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate. Fi
4-1 in. long, dull purple ; racemes elongating in fruit. Petals long-clawed, ascen ng

Cupsules 2-4 in., striate, subsessile or shortly stalked. Seeds rugose.

2. C. papillosa, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 382 ; hairy, often glandulis
leaves ovate-cordate obtuse strigose papillose penninerved, brace j
sessile, stamens 6, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 76 ; Edgew. l.c. vi. 184, C. gr
cilis, Ẹ lgew. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 1212. f

Arid districts of Sixpm and Western Puxsas.—Distris. Abyssinia, Kordols?,
Arabia. :

Stem 6-12 in., erect, branched, strong scented. Leaves 4-1) in., lower long peticle
upper subsessile. Flowers very small, pinkish at length dirty yellow; racemes ssile
gate in fruit; bracts oblong, upper pedicels ebracteate. Capsules 1-14 M., subsess^
very slender, finely striate, Seeds glabrous, granulate.

3. C. quinquenervia, DC. Prodr. i. 239; viscid, leaves suborbiewl

palmately 5-nerved softly pubescent, bracts leafy, stamens 4 or 6. An

in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 3; Griff. Itin. Not. 323, n. 1261, C. Noreany

Boiss. Fl. Orient. i

- Arid districts of Sixpzt and Western Pounsas, Griffith, &c.—DIsTRIB. Affghan)

Persia, Arabia. strongly
Stem 6-12 in, erect; branches spreading from the base, rigid woody,

stan,

Cleome.] XI. CAPPARIDEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 169

aromatic. Leaves 1 in. diam., obtuse or acute, base cordate or rounded, margins and
long petioles glandular. Flowers small; racemes elongate in fruit; bracts usually
subsessile, rarely narrow, upper sometimes 0. Capsules 1-1 by 4 in., sessile, narrow-
oblong, acute at both ends; hairs short rigid with tubercled bases, mixed with soft

back glandular hairs, Seeds minute, smooth.— Anderson describes 6 stamens, we find
only 4,

4, C. Stocksiana, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 414; glandular above, leaves
ovate or obovate tubercled palmately 3-nerved, bracts small or leafy, sta-
mens 6, filaments clavate. Grif. Itin. Notes 225, n. 183. .

Rocky hills in Sixpn, Stocks.—Dısrrw. Beluchistan. .

erennial; branches spreading from the base, erect or ascending, white, glabrous,
rough below, densely glandular and tubercled above. Leaves 1 in., fleshy, acute or
obtuse; petiole 1-1} in. Flowers small, pale purple, at length yellow; racemes short
ot long, ensely glandular. Petals obovate-spathulate, clawed. ` Capsules 14 by š in.,

"inar, subsessile, pendulous, striate. Seeds large, brown hairy.

5. C. simplicifolia, 77. f. & T.; prostrate, strigose, leaves obovate-
oblong or lanceolate, bracts leafy, stamens 10-12, filaments filiform. Po-
msia simplicifolia, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 20, t. 20; Dalzell € Gibs.
IM FI. 8. P. burtporensis, Munro in Wight Ic. t. 1072. C. monophylla,
wn Graham Cat, Bomb. PI. 7.

Nogrupns INDIA, near Burtpore, Munro; drier parts of the Dexxan and Concan.
1 nnual, 6-18 in. much branched from the base. Leaves 1-2 in., obtuse or acute,
à% scaberulous, hairs with scale-like bases. Flowers 1 in., violet, in elongating leaf
yemes. Filaments filiform. Capsule 3-1} in., subsessile, torulose ; beak $ in. See
°, brown, smooth,

+
Leaves compound, Stamens 6.

5. C. tenella, Linn, f. DC. Prodr. i. 240; glabrous, leaves 3-folio-
late, leaflets linear, capeulé subsessile glabrous. ; W. £ A. Prodr. 21 ; Wall.
% 6966; Oliv. FL Trop. A fric. i. 78, C. angustifolia, A. Rich. Fl. Seneg. 20.

nest parts of the Carnatic, Her ne, &¢.—Distris. Trop. Africa. ;
ine meal 3-12 in.; branches many, slender, spreading. Leaflets equalling or exoseds
oli ee Flowers minute, purplish, in few-flowered racemes ; bracts simp or
Tat Slate. Capsules 1-1} injlinear. Seeds minute, smooth.—Indian specimens

T smaller than Afric an.

5o brachycarpa, Vahl ex DC. Prodr. i. 240 ; musky, glandular and
vean, leaves 3 5-fololete upper DO de leaflets obovate or oblong, capsul
184. ious, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. 4; Hdgew, 5 vi
CY. hia, Fl. Trop, Afric. i. 77. C. Ruta, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. , t. 19.

N Lana, Fresen, ; and diversifolia, Hochst.
~ i. Innia, from Agra, Jamieson, westward to Peshawur, Stewart; SINDH, Stocks.

Pent Arabia, Abyssinia. oled. floral
subsessile 6-12 in, branched from the base. Leaflets 1-4 in., lower petio < l; floras

in obke ' ers 4—1 in. long, yellow, long-peduncled, in leafy racemes. psu

> vong. Seeds minute, smooth.

& 6, . : . labrous prickly
hs aspera, Kænig ex DC. Prodr. i. 241; branches glab ,
axillary doliolate, leaflets equalling or exceeding the petioles i. Cat.

j apsule sessile slender torulose. W. £ 4. Prodr. 22;
; Wight Te. t, 987. ©: diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129.

ERN PENINSULA and C ` ° d il
: EYLON; common in sandy sol. | m
Tini, 6-18 in. ; branches many from the root, prickles minute. Leaflets 1-4 in.

170 XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Cleome.

Flowers } in. long, dull yellow, solitary, long-pedicelled. Capsules 1-14 in., sessile,
slender, beaked. Seeds large, glabrous, transversely rugose.

9. C. Burmanni, W. £ A. Prodr. 22; branches glabrous prickly,
leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets shorter than the petiole obovate or oblong-lanceo-
late, flowers axillary, capsule stalked terete. Polanisia dodecandra, DC.
l.c. 249,— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 100, f. 1 (not good).

Fields of the Carnatic, and in CEvLow, Konig, &c.

Annual, 6-18 in.; branches many from the root. Leaflets 1 in., acute or obtuse.
Flowers ) in., solitary, purple. Capsules 2 in., terete, glabrous, striate, tapering at
both ends; stalk 3,4 in., slender. Seeds glabrous, transversely rugose.—C. ciliata,
Sch. & Th., of tropical Africa approaches this very closely.

*** Leaves compound, Stamens 10-0,

10, C. felina, Linn. f. Suppl. 300; rough with rigid scale-like hairs,
leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obovate, flowers axillary long-pedicelled, stamens
28-32, capsule glabrous, Polanisia felina, DC. Prodr. i 242; Wall.
6971; W. £ A. Prodr. 22 (excl. syn. Hort. Malab.).

Southern provinces of the Carnatic, Kenig, &c. . rier
Annual, erect, 1-2 ft., much branched. Leaflets 4-1 in., obtuse, equalling or sho th
than the petiole. Flowers 4-3 in. long, solitary, purple. Calyx and corolla bris y
outside. Filaments filiform. Capsule 1-14 by š in., compressed, linear-oblong, acu

at both ends, striate. Seeds large, glabrous, tubercled.

11. C. viscosa, Linn. ; softly pubescent, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflet
ovate or obovate, flowers racemed long-pedicelled, stamens 19-20 i is
glandular-pubescent. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 128, C. icosandra, Linn. ren
viscosa, DC. Prodr. i. 942 ; Wall. Cat. 6968. Polanisia icosandra, y. & 2.
Prodr. 22; Wight Ic. t. 2.— Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 33.

Abundant throughout tropical and warm India, and the rest of the world. ling oF

Annual, erect, 1-3 ft., hairs simple and glandular mixed. Leaflets equalling
shorter than the petiole, upper usually subsessile. Flowers À in. long, yellow.
reflexed. Capsule 2-34 in., striate, narrowed to the tip. Seeds small, granular.

12. C. Chelidonii, Linn. f. Suppl. 300; glabrous or sparsely scabrid
leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets obovate or oblong, flowers racemose n ih,
corymbose long-pedicelled, stamens very many, capsule glabrous. Prodr.
Fl. Ind. ii. 127. Polanisia Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i. 242 ; W. P. hete-
22; Wight Ic. t. 319; Wall. Cat. 6969; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 8. rmi
rophylla, Wall. Cat. 6970. P. Schraderi and Leschenaultii, DC.
dra pulchella, Schrad.

Moist places from the N. Circars, Roxburgh, and Poona, Jacquem., southwards
Distris, Java. long-

Annual, erect, 1-3 ft., much branched, glabrous or with few bristles. Leaves
petioled, pubescence appressed, scabrid; leaflets 1-14 in. obtuse or acute. ile, ovate:
id in. diam., regular, rosy ; bracts small, simple or 3-foliolate. Petals sessió e

ilaments clavate above. Capsule 2-4 in., slender, tapering at both ends, š
Seed rather large, pale brown, muricate.

+

2 GYNANDROPSIS, DC.
Jiolate,

An annual glandular-pubescent or glabrate herb, Leaves 5-fo
long-petioled. Flowers racemed. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, sp glendet
long-clawed, open in bud. Stamens 6, filaments adnate below to the lon
gynophore, spreading above. Ovary stalked, ovules many. C4

Gynandropsis.| x1. CAPPARIDER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 171

gate, stalked ; valves 2, separating from the seed-bearing placentas. Seeds
reniform, black, scabrous.

l. G. pentaphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 238 ; leaflets broad-obovate acute or
obtuse entire or serrulate, W. A. Prodr. 21; Wall. Cat. 6964; Cleome
pentaphylla, Linn. ; Roxb. FI Ind. ii. 126,—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 34.

Abundant throughout the warm parts of India and all tropical countries.

š Erect, branched, 1-3 ft. Leaflets 1-2 in. Flowers 3-3 in. diam., white or purplish,
i glutinous racemes ; bracts 3-foliolate. Capsules 2-4 in., nearly glabrous, striated.

3. NIEBUHRIA, DC.

Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves 1-5-foliolate; stipules setaceous.
owers solitary or corymbose. Calyx-tube ovoid; limb 4-cleft, valvate.
om 0, Stamens indefinite, united on the gynophore at about the level of
e top of calyx-tube ; filaments filiform, exserted. Ovary stipitate, 1-celled ;
m es many on 2 parietal placentas ; stigma subsessile. Berry ovoid,
ceded, Seed large ; cotyledons fleshy involute—D1stTRiB. Species about
» tropical African and Asiatic.

0 i N. linearis, DC. Prodr. i. 944; glabrous, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets
Te oblong linear or lanceolate, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat. 6975 ;
ape 4. Prodr. 23; Wight Ic. t. 176; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 124. Capparis
metala, Both. Nov. Sp. 238. C. linifolia, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 41. Crateva
Petala, Spreng, Syst, ii, 448.
EM parts of the Carnatic, Roth, Wight, &c. .
ber tree, bark pale grey. Leaflets 1-2 by 4-1 in., equalling the petiole of the leaf,
1-2 in wrinkled, shortly petiolulate; 5 and linear in young plants. Ttacemes
globose. terminal, few-flowered. Calyx X in., persistent. Berry 4-$ in., ovoid or su
e, 1-8-seeded ; stalk 1-14 in.

4 MIERUA, Forskahl.

abing shrubs, Zeaves simple, Flowers corymbose. Calyz-tube lined
kA disk ; lobes 4, valvate. Petals 4 (in the Indian species), smaller than the
high obes, ovate, inserted on the edge of the disk. Stamens many, inserted
or 3. up on the gynophore, filaments exserted. Ovary long stalked, -celled,
Plac celled by the cohesion of the placentas ; ovules many, on 2-4 parteta
was Berry fleshy, elongate, moniliform, 1- or more-seeded. Cotyledons

Y; Involute, —DrsTRrE, Species about 20, tropical Asiatic and African.

acute or oblong and obtuse or retuse, corymbs terminal or on lateral
S, petals lanceolate acute.

Delhi and à HIMALAYA, and CENTRAL INDIA, abundant: var. 2. GANGETIC PLAIN, about

A large gra. . : i Calyx-tube
di 8° woody climber. Lea ~3in. Flowers 3-1 in. long, white. Cat
€ qbwards, about 4 as lens as the limb. Borns 2-5 in., deeply constricted be-
calyx tab, Seeds —J. oblongifolia of Arabia and Africa differs only in the cylindric

Vas Ue equalling its limb. l lobe
Niebuhyj, S") ra; glabrous and glaucous except the margins of the calyx-lol yl
Prodr, 94 a Snaria and oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 244; Wall. Cat. 6976; JV. & A.
` Van + "part; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 127. Capparis heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. à 570.
hs scabra and a; als shoots and upper Mare epum: an rio oblongi.

i ovalifoli T . Voy. Bot. 22, t. . .
lia, Royle Ti, 73, ifolia, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 22,

Oot

imi arenaria, //. £ d: T.; glabrous or pubescent, leaves broad- ¢
o

X

Å

172 XI. CAPPARIDEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Oratæva.

5. CORATIEVA, Linn.

Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers large, yellow or purplish, polygamous.
Sepals 4, cohering below with the convex lobed disk, Petals 4, long-clawed,
open in bud. Stamens indefinite, adnate to the base of the gynophore.
Ovary on a slender stalk, 1-celled ; stigma sessile, depressed ; ovules many,
on 2 parietal placentas. Berry fleshy. Seeds imbedded in pulp.— DISTRIS.
Species about 6, tropical and cosmopolitan. `

1. C. religiosa, Forst.; DC. Prodr. i. 243 ; leaflets ovate or si
lanceolate appearing with the large greenish yellow at length purp4s
flowers, Capparis 3-foliata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 571.

Near streams in MALABAR and Canara; cultivated elsewhere in India. —Disrais.
Trop. Africa. 21in

A spreading, unarmed, deciduous tree. Leaves long-peticled ; leaflets 3-6 by 14- P 1
abruptly or gradually acuminate, pale beneath. lowers 2-3 in. diam., In a
corymbs, Petals ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute; claw } as long as the limb. e
1-2 in. diam., many-seeded.— Very variable. Intermediates may be found bets
following varieties. The form of the ovary and fruit does not always correspo l
that of the leaflets. Imperfect specimens of a Mergui species of Griffith, with large
broad obtuse thick coriaceous leaves, may be different. . Nurvala,

Var. 1. Nurvala; leaflets ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, berry ovoid. C. ‘Rhee z
Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 122; Wall. Cat. 6913; W. & A. Prodr. 23.—
Hort. Malab. iii. t. 42. . lo-

Var. 2. Rorburghii; leaves small ovate-lanceolate abruptly acuminate, T [of
bose. C. Roxburghii, Br. in Denh. & Clapp. Travels, App. 224; W. & A. ps 5072.
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 178. C. odora, religiosa, and unilocularis, Ham. l.c; Wall. Cat. 6*

6 CADABA, Forskahl.

Unarmed shrubs. eaves simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers solitary pap ir
bose or racemed. Sepals 4, unequal, 2-seriate, 2 outer valvate. Petals umpet-
rarely 0, clawed, hypogynous. Disk equalling the petal-claw, tr n the
shaped or spathulate, with a tubular claw. Stamens 4-6, unilateral 0 et
slender gynophore ; filaments filiform, exserted, spreading. Ova? ih
stalked, 1-celled ; stigma sessile ; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal p a° y
Fruit fleshy, slender, cylindric, berried or dehiscing tardily upwar ar
2 valves, which leave the pulpy placentas. Seeds subglobose, testa cal and
ginous; cotyledons convolute.—DisTRrB. Species about 12, trop!
subtropical African and Asiatic.

jolate

1. C. trifoliata, W. ( A. Prodr. 94; leaves palmately olio
leaflets oblong or lanceolate, petals 2, stamens 6, fruit tardily de trif
C. triphylla, Wight in Hook, Bot, Mise. 296, Suppl, t. 37. Stræmeria
liata, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 79. Desmocarpus missionis, Wall. Cat. 6798.

Southern parts of the Carnatic, Berry, &c. Drier parts of CEYLON. — . , petioles

A rigid branched shrub, bark brown” shoots rather hairy. Leaflets 2 ú ; peti
l-h in. Flowers 2-3in. diam., in few-flowered, axillary and terminal corym imb sub
pale green, membranous, oblong, outer 14 in. Petals 2 in., yellowish-white,
orbicular. Disk-limb bright yellow, recurved. Capsule 2-4 in., valves brittle.

long
2. C. indica, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. i. 244; leaves simple ovate eni
acute obtuse or mucronate, petals 4 limb oblong, stamens 4, uit 9. Stre
Wall. Cat. 6977; W. & A. Prodr. 24; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. P
meria tetrandra, Vahl ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 78. Cleome fruticosa,

Cadaba, | Xl. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 173

Western PENINSULA, from Guzerat and the Concan southwards, on old walls and in
waste dry places. .

A straggling much branched shrub, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-1} in.

lowers 1 in. diam., greenish white, in few-flowered terminal corymbs ; bracts small,
subulate. Sepals ovate. Claw of petals narrow. Disk broad, funnel-shaped, smooth,
fimbriate. Fruit 1-1} in., cylindric ; pulp orange.

3. C. farinosa, Forsk. ; DC. Prodr.i. 244; hoary, leaves ovate or oblong
obtuse, petals 4 limb narrow spathulate, stamens 5, fruit indehiscent !
Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 8; Oliv. FI. Trop. Afric. i. 89. C. dubia, DC. l.c.

Dry places in the Punsap at Multan, Edgeworth; and Sinpu, Stocks.—Disrris.

la, trop. Africa, .
. À straggling, much branched, wiry shrub. Leaves i-i in. rarely 1 in. Flowers as

m C. indica but petals very narrow. Fruit 4-14 in., cylindric—Delessert’s Icones re-
Present 6 stamens, we find 5 only.

4. C. heterotricha, Stocks in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 839; glaucousand pulveru-
lent, leaves broad obovate or orbicular, petals 4 limb suborbicular, stamens 5.

Sixpn ; on rocks near Cape Monze, Stocks. .
A small rigid branched tree, 10-20 ft. young parts often glandular. Leaves 1 in.
wers š in. diam., in terminal dense corymbs. Sepals ovate, acute. Limb of petals

Sling the claw. Claw of disk slender, tubular, limb small, oblong, crenate. Fruit
own,

7. CAPPARIS, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, erect decumbent or climbing, unarmed or with stipulary
ti orns, aves simple, rarely 0. Flowers white or coloured, often showy.
1^5 4, free, imbricate in 2 series, or 2 outer subvalvate. Petals 4, sessile,
imbricate, Stamens indefinite, inserted on the torus at the base of the long
8ynophore, Ovary stalked, l-4-celled ; stigma sessile; ovules many, on
-9 parletal placentas. Fruit fleshy, rarely bursting by valves. Seeds many,
D ed in pulp, testa crustaceous or coriaceous ; cotyledons convolute.
~ISTRIB, Species 120, natives of all warm climates, except N. America.

Sent I. Flowers solitary, axillary. (Flowers sometimes fascicled in
zylanica, and 4, Heyneana.)
"x c. Spinosa, Linn. ; leaves orbicular, pale green not shining mE
0 vse Or retuse, thorns straight hooked or 0, flowers large, fruit ribbe
n dehiscing, Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (Caper plant.) |
13 Jo WESTERN Hisanavaw valleys Eastward to Nipal; West. Tiger, ascending to
000 ft, ; PINDH; PuNJAB; and Western PExivsuLA in the Mahableshwar hills.—
ISTRIB, Affzhanistan, West Asia, Europe, N. Africa, Australia, Sandwich Islands. .
icai ched shrub, glabrous or hoary, branches prostrate or trailing. Leaves 1-2 in.,
word or broad ovate. Flowers white, with purple filaments; pedicels equalling or
rR S the leaves ; fruit 11-2 in., ovoid or oblong. . !
Siccate, | galeata ; armed, glabrous, often glaucous, leaves fleshy, anticous sepal very
AR "s galeata, F'res..— Maritime, from Sindh to Arabia, and E. Africa. ath. Flor
Gree, ¢ yan pestris; unarmed, leaves suborbicular fleshy. C. rupestris, Sibth. .
Van d Wall. Cat. 7001 (no locality and perhaps not Indian). a
A 3; vulgaris ; armed, young parts downy. C. obovata, Royle Ill. 73; ane
Ii t + AA Voy. Bot. t. 21. C. urrayana, Graham, Cat. Bombay PL 9; rig
~The 79; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9 (Č. ZEgyptiaca, Linn.; C. herbacea, Wiild.).
Yen n Indian and Oriental form. TERRAM
Deos 7, c cophylla, DC. Prodr. i. 246 (sp.) ; floccose all over with whi pub cence,
lower iio in ii. t. 10. C. nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 6979.— Confined in o the
ayan valleys, also Persian. ;

ex

X

174 XI. CAPPARIDEEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis.

2. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6984 ; branches tomentose, leaves ovate
acute mucronate shining above pubescent beneath, flowers large, pedicels
short, ovary glabrous. C. pyrifolia, W. £ A. Prodr. 25 (not of Lamk. & DC.);
Wight Ic. t. 1047.

Eastern slopes of the Niten Mrs., Wight. : .

A dense branched spreading shrub, 2-3 ft.; thorns recurved. Leaves 1 in., short-
petioled, pubescence brown. Flowers 3 in. diam. ; pedicels 1-4 in. Petals broadly
obovate-cuneate, almost truncate. Ovary narrow-oblong, furrowed. Fruit 2 in., gla-
brous, oblong, beaked.

3. €. zeylanica, Linn. (not DC. nor W. & A.); glabrous, armed,
leaves broad ovate to lanceolate usually acute and mucronate reticulate
beneath, flowers large, pedicels slender, ovary pubescent. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii
1132; Wall. Cat. 6789. C. acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 566 (not Wild.)
C. brevispina, DC. ; W. d. A. Prodr. 24; Thwaites Enum. 15 ; Hook. Ic, Pl.
t. 126 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 9. C. Wallichiana, W. € A. Prodr. 25;
Wall. Cat. 6987. (C. Rheedii and rotundifolia, Rottb.)

Common in the Carnatic and MALABAR ; occasional in the Western DEKKAN ; dy
parts of CEYLON.

A rigid, wiry, much branched shrub ; shoots sometimes puberulous. Leaves 14-3 by
4-14 in., coriaceous, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Flowers 2 m
diam., white, solitary or 2-3 on a short shoot; 2 lower petals yellowish changing to

red brown ; pedicels 1-2in. Ovary oblong. Fruit 2 in., ovoid, smooth.— C. zeylanica,
DC., is probably C. tenera or acuminata.

4. ©. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 6985 ; unarmed or thorns minute, leaves
ovate or lanceolate acute or acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers solitary or
fascicled, pedicels slender l-bracteate, ovary tomentose. JW. A. Prodr.
25. C. formosa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 40; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI.9.
— Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 57. — .

From S. Concan and Canara, to TRAVANCoR ; Cerros, Thwaites (2509 in part) ,

An erect shrub; young parts floccose. Leaves 3-6 by 4-3 in. base acute, con®
ceous, old shining above. Flowers 4—5 in. diam., white pale blue or lilac, solitary oF
2-3; pedicels 1-2 in., terminal; bracts linear. Sepals obtuse, tomentose inside.

obovate, 2 lower close together with a yellow basal spot. Fruit (immature) 1j in.
ovoid, beaked.

5. ©. divaricata, Lamk.; DC. Prodr.i. 252; glabrous, thorns straight,
leaves linear-oblong or ovate obtuse mucronate 5—-7-nerved at the 6988
flowers solitary, pedicels slender, ovary glabrous ribbed. Wall. Cat. "all.
B (not A); W. & A. Prodr. 27; Wight. Ic. t. 889, C. stylosa, DC. ;
Cat. 6980; W. € A. Prodr. 25; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10.

The Dexxan, and Carnatic at Tanjore and Coimbatore. 143

A shrub or small tree, branches spreading, glabrous or shoots hoary. Leaves. pe
by ł-1 in., thick, coriaceous; petiole short. Flowers 24 in. diam. ; buds beak s i te
dicels 4-1 in. Sepals very concave, ovate. Petals narrowly obovate-spatt! ally
Fruit 2-3 in, diam., subglobose, 5-6-ribbed, tubercled, obtusely beaked. — Ug
described from young plants with slender branches and narrow leaves. Graham desc
the flower as red.

Secr. II. Flowers umbelled, racemed, corymbose or panicled.

: : . . or
* Flowers in simple corymbs (sometimes compound in 9, versicolor,
racemose in 13, grandis).

6. G. aphylla, Roth ; DC. Prodr. i. 246; glabrous, thorns in pas

Capyaris.] XI. CAPPARIDEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 175

straight, leaves (only on young shoots) glabrous linear pungent, buds pu-
bescent, stamens 18-20. Wall, Cat. 6983; W. & A. Prodr. 27 ; Dalz, & Gibs.
Bomb. Fl. 9; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (C. Sodada, Br. ; Sodada deci-
dua, Forsk.) .

Driest places in the Pounsas, Guzerat, RA3PuTANA, the Dexxan and S. Carnatic.
—Disrum. Arabia, Egypt, N. trop. Africa. 20x

À dense much branched shrub; branches slender, glabrous. Flowers 1 in. diam.,
ed-brown, in many-flowered corymbs on short lateral shoots. Outer sepals subvalvate,
ciliate; inner very saccate. Fruit 4-8 in., glabrous, long-beaked.

7. C. diversifolia, W. € A. Prodr. 27 ; glabrous, thorns recurved base
broad, leaves glabrous linear or oblong-lanceolate, flowers 1} in. purple,
ovary glabrous. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 181. C. reticulata, Klein. ez Wall. Cat. 6986.
ivaricata, Wall. Cat. 6988, 4 (not B). C. ezerulea, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. Lc.

Western PrNINSULA, in Travancore. .

A shrub, branches zigzag, young puberulous. Leaves 14-2 by 1-3 in., uppermost
usually (rarely all) twice as long and ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining above ; petiole
tin. Flowers 13 in., in few-flowered terminal subsessile corymbs; pedicels subc avate,
puberulous, Sepals ovate, acute. Petals broad-obovate. Ovary narrow-oblong. Fruit
1} in, ovoid, smooth, many-seeded.

8. C. trinervia, 7. fF. & T. ; branches brown-tomentose, thorns recur-
ved, leaves glabrous broad-lanceolate 3-plinerved, sepals orbicular tomen-
Se, ovary glabrous.

TENASSERTM, Helfer ; Tavoy, Parish.

Climbing ?, branches long. Leaves 2-3 by §-1 in.; nervules transverse, few;
tile and midrib brown tomentose. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., in terminal many-
owered corymbs ; pedicels 1-1} in., lower with foliaceous bracts, upper with minute
nts. Ovary ovoid, acute ; gynophore 14 in. Fruit unknown.

9. C. versicolor, Grifieh Notul. iv. 577 ; branches glabrous, thorns short
recurved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate
obscurely penninerved, sepals ovate glabrous, ovary glabrous.

ENASSERIM, Grifith.—Disrris. Java. .

wiimbing ; branches flagelliform. Zewes 2-3 by 2-1 in., tip retuse, glabrous and

ning above, pale beneath; petiole 1 in. puberulous. lowers 2 in. diam., white

“n rose; buds globose, glabrous; corymbs simple, terminal, with the lower flowers
“lary, or few-flowered and disposed in lateral racemes 1-13 in. long ; pedicel 1 in.

€r sepals very convex, inner petioled. Ovary ovoid, gynophore 14 in.—Perhaps C.
nsis, Blume, of which we have seen no authentic specimen.

10. €. Moonti, Jp; ; labrous, thorns recurved

ght Ill. 35; branches glabrous, ;

leves oblong obtuse or subacute with a callous tip glabrous, flowers 4-5
am., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. Thwaites Enum. 16.

NCAN, Stocks, &c.: CEYLON ascending to 3000 ft. . .
di; E? woody climber, branches flagellate. Leaves 3-6 by 14-2} in., coriaceous,
Cor Ë above, pale beneath. Flowers white, in 6-12-flowered almost leafless termina
vs; with sometimes a solitary axillary flower; pedicels 1-2 in., stout. Outer
ruit A ii ular, convex, much imbricated. ^ Petals subpilose. ^ Gynophore ba in.
bably = In. diam., obovoid or subglobose. Seeds many, size of a large bean.—Pro-

KE flowerod ii. Thwaites’ character of the long funicle
is altogether tnoonate Een of C. Roxburghit. Thwaite

ll. €. Roxb ; branches hoary-pu- X
š urghii, DC. Prodr. i 247; young branches hoary-p
bescent, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous obovate-oblong obtuse sente or

te, flowers 2 in, diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. W.d A.

176 XI. CAPPARIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis.

Prodr. 26; Wight Ic. t. 1048; Thwaites Enum. 15; C. corymbosa, fob.
Fi. Ind. ii. 569. C. bisperma, Wight Cat. 104 (not Roxb.)

Forests of the WESTERN GHAUTS and CARNATIC.

A large woody climber ; pubescence ashy or yellow, minute, deciduous. Leaves 1}-
24 by 1-14 in., base acute, shining and glabrous above, pale beneath. Flowers white,
arranged as in C. Moonii; buds usually tomentose. Petals broadly obovate-cuneate.
Gynophore 143-2 in. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., globose.

12. C. grandis, Linn. f. ; DC. Prodr.i. 248; branches pubescent, thorns
0 or recurved, leaves broad-ovate or obovate acute obtuse or retuse silky
beneath, buds pubescent, ovary glabrous. Wall. Cat. 6996; W. & A. Prodr.
27; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 10 C. maximus, Roth; Wall. Cat. 6995.
C. bisperma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 568 ; W. €: A. Prodr. 26 (excl. syn. Wight Cat.
& Klein.) C. obovata, Ham. and racemifera, DC. l.c. 248.

Hill forests of the Carnatic, DEk&AN, and CEYLON.

A tree. Leaves 2-3 by 11-2 in., base acute, glabrous above and the old on both
surfaces; petiole 1-8 in. Flowers $-1 in. diam., white, in terminal corymbs or r&
cemes, lower with leafy upper with deciduous bracts; pedicels 1 in. Petals narrow
obovate, obliquely ascending. Gynophore 1 in., sometimes only $ or ys 12- Frat
size of a nutmeg, subglobose, purple, smooth, 2—6-seeded.

** Flowers in simple umbels,

13. C. orbiculata, Wall. mss. in Herb. Linn. Soc. ; branches pilose,
thorns recurved from a broad downy base, leaves suborbicular truncate
retuse or mucronate papillose and hairy above tomentose beneath, flowers
small, ovary glabrous.

Segain hills, Birma, Wallich, Griffith. ;

A much branched rigid spreading shrub. Leaves 3-1 in. broad, obscurely trapezoid,
base cordate ; hairs above papillose ; petiole very short. Flowers umbelled, pu
1-2in., I-leaved at the tip; pedicels 4-1 in., slender, spreading. Perianth absen
Ovary oblong, acute; gynophore less than 4 in.

14. C. pedunculosa,. Wall. Cat. 6993; branches pubescent, prt
recurved, leaves glabrous suborbicular obtuse or retuse penninerve
sepals equalling the oblong petals, ovary glabrous. Hook. lc. Pl. t. 138;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 9. C. sepiaria, Wall. Cat. 6993, G.
se ESTERN PrxiNSULA, Russell; near Tanjore, in the Carnatic, Wight; Conca’

tocks8, &c. "

A spreading branched shrub; branches wiry, at length glabrous. Leaves pu
4-1in., base cordate, shining above; petiole very short. Flowers À-$ in. diam
2--6-flowered terminal or axillary and shortly (4-4 in.) peduncled umbels; pedicels, "
in,. slender. Sepals reflexed in flower. Ovary q longa gynophore 1 in. Fruit sire
a cherry, globose, several-seeded.

15. ©. longispina, H. f. £ T. ; branches pubescent, thorns long paci
lar, leaves ovate-cordate acute rarely obtuse pubescent beneath, sep
ling the oblong petals.

preading much-branched shrnb; branches slender, wiry, softly pubescent. pes

As
3-1) by 1-1 in., glabrous above; petiole very short. Flowers exactly as of i
culosa, in sessile terminal umbels. Fruit (mature ?) size of a pea.— Possibly a sta
C. pedunculosa, though differing much in thorns pubescence and leaf-form.

16. ©. parviflora, H. f. £ T.; branches unarmed, thorns 9 lea
pebrons lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers

uds glabrous, sepals and petals oblong, ovary glabrous.

Capparis.] XI. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 177

Shewageri hills in the Carnatic, Wight. .

À spreading wiry mnch branched shrub (or tree P. Leaves 14-3 by 4-1 in., base
narrow but cordate x petiole short, broad. Flowers not } in. diam., in axillary or sub-
terminai 3-6-flowered subsessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels 1-3 in., slender.

oblong. Ovary oblong, gynophore 4 in. Fruit pisiform.

17, C. sepiaria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; branches hoary or tomen-

» thorns recurved, leaves ovate oblong obovate or oblong-lanceolate

subacute or retuse penninerved downy (rarely glabrous) beneath, sepals

oblong, petals narrow, ovary glabrous. Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 568 ; Wall. Cat.

6993; W. & A. Prodr. 26 ; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 22; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bombay FI. 10,

Dry places throughout India, from the PuNJAB and Sixpn to BIRMA, Peau, the Car-
"atic and CEvrox (at Jaffna, Gardner).—Disrris. Philippines. ` .

A spreading wiry branched shrub. Leaves 3-1] by 3-1 in. ; petiole J; in. Flowers

in. diam., white, in many-flowered sessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels

nder, 4-2 in. Ovary ovoid, pointed; gynophore 1-4 in. Fruit pisiform, black.

Var. 1, vulgaris; branches softly tomentose, leaves broad. . . hi

Van. 9. incanescens ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 (sp), branches rigid wiry, hoary, white,
saree oblong, Wall. Cat. 6994; W. & A. Prodr. 26; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 123. C. stylosa
- DC. Le,

Var. 3. retusella; Thwaites Enum. 16, 400 (sp-) ; branches brown-tomentese,
leaves ovate or oWiong-lanceolate, glabrous beneath, tip tapering retuse, umbels few-
lowered, gynophore longer.—Ceylon, near Kandy, Thwaites.

*** Flowers in racemose or panicled rarely solitary umbels or corymbs.

18. €. pumila, Champion in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 260; young
branches puberulous, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous oblong-lancenlate
gu minate, stamens about 20, buds globose glabrous. Benth. Fl. Hong-

ong 18. C. punctata, Wall. Cat. 7002.

Kuasia HILLS, alt i
» alt. 2-3000 ft.—Disrris. E. China. .
shrub, twigs sarmentose or climbing. Leaves 2-3} by $-1} in, base, acute, oe
fl y penninerved ; petiole 4 in., pubescent. Flowers à in. diam. ; white, T, ls
pwered corymbs or umbels arranged in large terminal panicles; pedicel $-j in. Pe

oblong. ary ovoid-oblong, glabrous; gynophore } in. Fruit j-3 in. diam., globose,
rous,

19. C. floribunda Wight IU. i. 33, t. 14; branches glabrous, thorns 0
r recurved, leaves glabrous oblong rounded ‘at both ends retuse apiculate,
gemens about 8, buds globose glabrous. C. malabarica, Wall. Cat. 7000.

oligandra, Grifith Notul. iv. 577.

piaanan, Heyne; Orissa, Cleghorn; Texasserm, Grifith, &c. CgvroN in the
besa district, Thwaites.—Disrrie. Philippines. coriaceott®
thinig SS Woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-5 by 3-12 miu. ae bels
ining above, obscurely penninerved below. Flowers 4 in. diam., white ; f wor
pAny-owered, in large terminal panicles; pedicels 3-1 in. Se als reflexed in M ver.
oblong. Ovary ovoid, acute; gynophore 4 in. Fruit 1 in. diam., g ,
Several-seeded.

etals

0. €. ass : labrous, thorns minute
wt, amica, M. f. £ T.; branches glabrous,
weight or slightly curved, eaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate

ate reticulate beneath, flowers racemed, buds very small globose.

Assa, Grifith

Erect ? ; branch : te, pale below. Flowers
i ^d ches slender. Leaves 4-6 by 11-2 in., base acute, p -
— many-flowered "faohmes, 3-4 in. long, which bear many ebulato empty

178 XI. CAPPARIDEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis.

bracts at the base, and at the top a tuft of the same probably enclosing a hare
buds immature, each in the axil of a subulate bract; pedicel } in. Scpals 4, imbricate
in pairs.

Sect, III. Flowers seriate in vertical lines on the branches.

71. C. multiflora, H. f. & T. ; branches glabrate, thorns 0, leaves he»
glabrous broad-lanceolate or oblong taper-pointed, flowers small, sep
glabrous.

Tropical valleys in E. Nipat, and Sikkim; Buoran, Grifith; Hookhoom valley
in Birma, Griffith. . :

A large M climber; branches long, slender. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., kp
acute, pale beneath ; upper2-4 in., often bractlike and very deciduous; petiole i +
Flowers 4-3 in. diam., supra-axillary to the leaf or bracts, forming a leafy or Pu.
or more-flowered raceme; pedicels 1-4 in. Petals obovate-oblong. Ovary gla
Fruit pisiform or larger, 1—3-seeded.

22, C. horrida, Linn. f.; DC. Prodr. i. 246; young leaves buds m
shoots brown-tomentose, thorns stout broad-based recurved, leaves o Š
obovate or oblong acute obtuse or mucronate at length shining Pr dr
petals oblong ciliate, ovary glabrous acute. Wall. Cat. 6981 ; W. £ A. R ai
26; Wight Ic. t. 173; Dalz. & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 10. C. eylanica, iens
Fl. Ind. ii. 567 (not of Linn) C. formosa, Wall. Cat. 6982 A. d usb
minata, Willd. ; Wall. Cat. 6990 C (not Aor B). C. tenviiflora anc 4 we
riflora, DC. lc. 247. C. erythrodasys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,99. Capp
sp. Griff. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 698. |

/ .
GaxGETIC VALLEY, &c., as far N. as Saharunpore; WesTery PENINSULA, Cutts
GoNG to Peau; Ceyton.—Disrris. Java; Philippines. ++ above
Shrubby, climbing. Leaves 14-4 by 3-2 in., tip pungent, at) length shining § ag
and usually much reticulate. Flowers 14-2 in. white or p/urplish ; budeg r su
pedicels supra-axillary, 3-1 in., upper longer. Fruit 1-14 in, diam., obovoid 0
globose, smooth, obtusely 4-angled, red-brown, many-seeded. }

Li : =
23. €. acuminata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247; young shoots and Ee
beneath brown-tomentose, thorns straight or curved, leaves at leng ib
brous broad-ovate obtusely acuminate, buds globose/downy, flowers

C. zeylanica, W. & A. Prodr. 25 (not of Linn., but perhaps of DC. Prodr.)

Western Peninsula, Carnatic? Klein in Herb. Wight. | :nat

Erect?; branches slender. Leaves 14-2 by 1-1} in, [obtusely acumine ^l in.
branous; petiole §-} in. Flowers 2-4 in a series, white, axillary ; pedicels o
downy. — The specimen in Herb. Wight. is the only one known. It differs from uscript
rida in the thorns and small white flowers. The original ticket bears the man
name ferruginea of Klein, corrected by himself to acuminata, Willd., no dou
corresponding specimens sent to Europe ; the locality is unknown.

8
24. C. olacifolia, M. f. & T. ; young branches Brown-pubescent, pai
straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate taper po,
tip acute obtuse or mucronate, flowers large, buds ovoid glabrous, (nat
oblong ciliate, ovary pubescent. C. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6990 A,
C, nor of Willd.). Capparis, 1149, Griff. Itin. Notes, 199.

Tropical Himalayan valleys, from Nipar, Wallich, to Assam, Griffith, &c. 1-2) in»

An erect shrub, 6-8 ft. ; branches long, leafy, old glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by ; 11 in.
base rounded or subacute, shining above, midrib of young puberulous. low Lo
diam., (white, anthers blue) 2-3 ina series, axillary ; buds acute, glabrous or PU"). p,
Sepals margined. Petals narrowly obovate-oblong, pubescent. Fruit im
globose, sharply beaked, black, smooth, shining.

mem-

Capparis.] XI. CAPPARIDEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 179

25. C. sabicfolia, 77. f. & T.; branches glabrous, thorns 0, leaves
glabrous oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, pedicels 1-2 supra-axillary.

Kuasta ns, alt. 4-6000 ft, H. f. & T.

Ashrub; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1-11 in., base acute. Pedicels about
lin, slender, flowers unknown. Fruit pisiform, 1—2-seeded.

26. €. viminea, Z. f. £ T. ; branches glabrous, thorns 0 or small coni-
cal curved, leaves glabrous abrupt’, taper-pointed acute or obtuse, sepals
ovate margins tomentose, petals oblong tomentose outside.

Tropical valleys of Sixx, Buoran, Assam and TENASSERIM. . .

An erect shrub ; branches long, slender, Leaves 24-44 by 1-2 in., thin; petiole 3 in.

"lowers 1 in. diam.; white, 2-5 in a series, axillary, pedicels 4-1 in. Fruit } in.
diam., globose, purple, glabrous, several-seeded. `

27. €. tenera, Dalz, in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 41 ; branches glabrous,
thorns hooked, leaves glabrous ovate obovate or oblong acute or abruptly
aate, flowers small, sepals ovate, margins tomentose, petals tomentose

ide.

Er e to Birma and Tenasserim; Canara, Concan and Certon (Kandy,
waites),
rs woody climber, branches slender. Leaves 14-3 by $-14 in, young very thin.
wers 1-1 in. diam., 1-3 in a series, axillary ; pedicels 3-14 in., slender, glabrous.
rut pisiform, few-seeded. The following vars. all pass one into another. .
^k. 1. Dalzellii; leaves ovate-lanceolate very membranous, flowers often soli-
fary.—C, tenera, Dalz. l.c. . .
AR. 2. zeylanica; leaves ovate, old firm and coriaceous, flowers 2-3 in a series.—
‘y emata, Wall. Cat. 6998. C. tetrasperma, Thwaites Enum. 15. :
AR.3. latifolia; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate, old coriaceous, flowers
1n à series.—C, oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 6997 (not of Miquel).

thor > Finlaysoniana, Wail. Cat. 6992 B (not A); branches glabrous,
pms very small nearly straight, leaves glabrous broad lanceolate obscurely
Teticulate above, sepals lanceolate acute glabrous.
SixcaPore, Wallich, &c.—DisrRmm. Sumatra, Borneo. : E
n erect? glabrous shrub. Leaves 6-8 by 14-3 in.; coriaceous, smooth, shining,
ind yellow when dry below. lowers (buds only) on the young branches supre-
tels Ly Solitary or 2 in a series, appearing racemed when the leaves fall away A" i-
-$1n.slender, Fruit (immature) ovoid-oblong, glabrous, ribbed, long-pedicelled.—
a” of Bornean specimens rose-coloured. Buds and flowers larger than in C. micra-
and leaves not evidently cordate at base.

29. €. mier i. 247: he labrous, thorns very
. I acantha, DC. Prodr. i. 247; branches glabrous,
sp 1l conic straight, leaves oblong or broad-lanceolate shining and very
n late above, sepals oblong acute ciliate. Blume Byd. 52 ; M 4 E ‘ ed.
"m Lpt.2,99. C callosa, Blume Lc. 53. C. conspicua and C. Finlay
Peon yt a Cat. 6991 and 6992 A (not B). —-—
GU, ENAssERIM, Wallich, &c.—Disrrip. Siam, Java, Timor, Philippines. f
arge shrub or small tree ; bark smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 2-33 in, coriaceous, vibe
at both ends, upper narrowed towards the rounded or subcordate base, tip s w
„us, pale beneath ; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers 14 in. diam., 2-4 in a m m
mido pedicels 4 in. or less. Petals 1 in., oblong. Ovary glabrous. rw 4
or Subglobose, smooth.

X c Inflorescence unknown. sd vint'o loaves
abr Savicans, Wall, Cat. 7003 ; branches tomentose, tho , .
a^ oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse and mucronate 3-5 pli-

ed, fruit solitary, N2

180 XI. CAPPARIDEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis.

Birma, at Genanghuen and Selainmew, Wallich. "^
Shrubby, branches spreading, tomentum appressed. Leaves 13-14 by 3-1 in.,

rounded or subcordate; midrib with 2 oblique veins from about the middle ; petiole
jin. pubescent. Fruit 1 in., subglobose, tomentose, many-seeded ; stalk as long.

31. C. glauca, Wall. Cat. 7005; branches hoary-pubescent, thorns ré-
curved, leaves glabrous narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse penni-
nerved.

BinMA, common near Pagodas at Pegamew, Wallich. . .

A shrub; branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 14-12 by 1-8 in., coriaceous, tapering
to the acute base, pale and glaucous beneath ; petiole 2 in., pubescent, Flowers pro-
bably umbelled, on stout axillary peduncles about 4 in. long. Fruit pisiform, glabrous,
1-2-seeded ; stalk 4 in.; gynophore very short. `

oe: VARIABILIS, Wall. Cat. 7004, without flower or fruit, is indeterminable and not à :
apparis.

. MOLLIUSCULA, Wall. Cat. 7006, is a Cansjera. t the
. An undescribed Sikkim species allied to C. floribunda, is figured amongs š
Cathcart drawings (in Kew Library), with flowers 14 in. diam., many stamens, an
longer gynophore.

8. ROYDSIA, Roxb.

Large unarmed woody climbers, branches spotted white. Leaves simple
Flowers yellow, racemed or panicled. Calyx 6-partite, segments np
tips a little imbricate. Petals 0, Stamens indefinite, inserted above t
base of the short cylindric gynophore. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled from the pro"
longation of the placentas; styles 3, subulate, stigmas small termina:
ovules many, 2-seriate in the angles of the cells. Frut fleshy, with a w d
3-valved 1-celled endocarp, l-seeded. Seed erect, cotyledons fleshy, v
equal, longitudinally folded, the larger embracing the smaller.—
Species 3, tropical Asiatic.

1. R. suaveolens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. t. 289; Fl. Ind. ii. 643; gon
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or abruptly acuminate, endocarp 9
smooth. Wall. Cat. 4200 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 578.

Tropical forests of Sikkrw, H. f., and Buoran, Griffith; Kuasta HILLS, Roxburgh E

Branches glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., glabrous, ied
ceous, bright green above, pale below ; petiole $-1 in. Flowers $ in. diam., pale n;
sweet-scented, in long simple axillary or panicled terminal racemes ; buds tome? y,
bracts small, subulate, equalling the short pedicels. Drupe 14 in. ovoid, seu?
orange-coloured ; pulp yellow ; stalk short stout.

2, R. obtusifolia, 77. f. € T. ; leaves oblong obtuse at both ends, endo
carp of fruit triquetrous muricate with long soft prickles.

Ranaoon, M’ Clelland. . +, Ra

Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-23 in., thickly coriaceous; petiole i. sort

cemes in terminal panicles; flowers unknown. Drupe 2 in., oblong, scurfy ; 8
Stout.

R. PARVIFLORA, Griff. Notul. iv. 578 ; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or.t. 606 f. 6, belongs to Tias"

Orver XII. RESEDACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Herbs, rarely shrubs, Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect ; stipules o

or minute and glandular. lowers small, spiked or racemed, bract

XII. RESEDACEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 181

ra persistent, 4—7-partite, often irregular ; sepals imbricate in bud. Petals
b q hypogynous, entire or lobed, equal or the posticous larger, open in
u isk conspicuous, hypogynous (0 in Oligomeris). Stamens usuall
many, seated on the disk, free or connate, equal or unequal. Ovary 1-celled,
ec connate carpels, often lobed at the top and open between the lobes
s th bear the sessile stigmas ; ovules on 2-6 parietal placentas, amphi-
c Fous orcampylotropous. Fruit capsular (a berry in Dchradenus) open
at the top. _ Seeds many, reniform, albumen 0; embryo curved or folded,
cotyledons incumbent.— DrsTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, N. and 8. Africa ; genera
» Species 20.

Petals 4-7, lobed ; ovary syncarpous . . . . . + . + + . 1. RESEDA.

etals 2; Ovary syncarpous . . e... + + x o 2. OrrcoMERIS.

Petals 0; Ovary syncarpous ; fruit a berry ©... s. > n. + 3, OCHRADENUS.

1l RESEDA, Linn.

«Herbs Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnatifid; stipules glandular. Calyx
Partite. Petals 4-7, clawed, unequal, multifid, posticous one with a
a rane above the claw. Disk broad, dilated posticously. Stamens 10-40.
— try sessile or stalked ; placentas 3. Capsule many-sided, open at the top.
ISTRIB. Species 26, N. Africa, W. Asia.
The European R. luteola is found in Affghanistan, and R. odorata (mignonette),
` migherrensis, J. Mull. Monog. Resed. 131), is commonly cultivated.

Py R. pruinosa, Delile Fl. Ægypt. 152; papillose, lower leaves lanceo
pte Upper 3—5-partite, flowers very small subsessile, bracts minute.

Tacteata, Boiss, Fl. Orient. 433; J. Mull. Monog. 154.

ills in the Western Punsas, Vicary, &c.—Disrei. Eastward to Egypt.
erect perennial, 1-14 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., upper with linear segments. Zíacemes

anal, 6-9 in., dense ; bracts subulate, deciduous. Capsules oblong or ovoid, short,

Widely gaping.

Sole ` Aucheri, Boiss, ; FI. Orient. L 434; glabrous or slightly papillose,
lane Qbovate-spathulate acute or obtuse, flowers small bracts linear-
*oate. J. Mull. Mon og. 146.
"pu, Stocks—Disrris, Eastwards to Persia. .
"anched perennial, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., tapering into a long petiole. Ra-
terminal, dense ; flowers yellowish. Capsules as in R. pruinosa.

2. OLIGOMERIS, Cambess.

Herbs, Leaves linear, fascicled. Flowers small, spiked. Calyx 4-partite.
Ova, 2 free or connate, Disk 0. Stamens 3-8, free or monadelphous,
J, + lobed, top open, placentas 4; ovules many. Capsule subglobose,

» +pointed.—Disrrip. Species 4; 3 S. African, and the following.

linea glaucescens, Canbess, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 23, t. 25 ; leaves narrow-

T, stipules minute subulate, spike dense-flowered, flowers minute, cap
p deep y 4-lobed. O. dispersa 8, J. Mull. Monog. 915. Reseda oligandra,
` m Journ, As, Soc. Calc. vii. 764, and Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 203.

< LJ *
Dismay” W, d Pux7An, from the Jumna eastward, common ; rare in the Concan hills.—
An annual nn to Spain and the Canaries.

2 erect; glaucous, much branched herb,

; terminal ; ish-white.
Seeds minute shining, ; flowers greenish-whi

6-12 in.; branches erect. Leaves
Capsule very small, membranous.

182 XII. RESEDACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Ochradenus.

3. OCHRADENWS, Delile.

Much branched shrubs ; branches slender. eaves small, linear. Fi nee
spiked or racemed, often polygamous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0. Di
unilateral. Stamens 10-20, inserted within the disk. Ovary ovoid, clos
at the top, 3-beaked ; ovules many, on 3 placentas. Berry many-seeded.—

DISTRIB. Species 2, a Spanish and the following.

1. O. baccatus, Delile Fl. Æg. 15, t. 31, f. 1; leaves fleshy scattered
linear-spathulate, racemes terminal, flowers minute. J. Mull. Monog. 94;
Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 422; Grif. It. Notes 228, No. 208.

Sixpn, Vicary &c.—DisrRiB. Westwards to Syria and Egypt. . "E

Shrubby, 6-12 ft.; branches glabrous, leafless when old. Leaves 4-14 in.; stipu'es
minute or 0. Racemes rigid; flowers yellowish, 1-2-sexual. Stamens 10-12. Berry
small, white. Seeds few, large.

Orver XII. VIOLACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect, stipulate.
Flowers regular or irregular, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, persistent, equ bri-
unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, 1mbrr
cate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, filaments short, broad; anthers tree
or connate, connective broad, produced beyond the cells. Ovary sess à.
1-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate truncate or cupular entire or lobed ;
ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved cape €
rarely a berry. Seeds small, albumen fleshy; embryo straight, cotyledons
flat.—DisTRIB. Genera 21, species 240; natives of temp. and trop. regions.

TRIBE J. Wiolese. Corolla irregular; lower petal dissimilar. Stam-
nodes 0. Capsule loculicidal.

Sepals produced at the base e... s.s. s s s n 1. VIOLA
Sepals not produced at the base. . . . . . . . . . 2. IowimpIUM.

TRIBE II. Alsodeiese. Corolla regular. Staminodes0. Fruit à berry
or loculicidal capsule.
3. ALSODEIA.

1. VIOLA, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Flowers, on 1-, rarely 2-flowered peduncle

Petals
Anthers

temp. regions.

The Pansy or Heartsease (Viola tricolor) occurs occasionally in India,
from cultivation.

as an escape

* Stigma obliquely 2-lobed, not beaked ; lobes short, spreading.

Y ‘ules
1. V. biflora, Z.; glabrous or pubescent, leaves reniform, stip
ovate or oblong, flowers yellow, sepals linear-obtuse, spur very $ -—

Viola, | XIII. VIOLACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 183

Wallichiana, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 300. V. reniformis, Wall. Cat. 1443 ;
oyle Til, 74, t. 18, f. 2; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 457.

TEMPERATE HımaLaya from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-11,000 ft—Duistrm. N. Asia,
aucasus, Europe,

ootstock slender. Stem 3-12 in. erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in. diam.,
trenate, cauline 2-3.

** Stigma terminal, truncate, dilated depressed orbicular or lobed.

2 V. Patrinii, DC. Prodr. i. 293 ; glabrous or pubescent, stemless,
Without stolons, leaves triangular-ovate oblong or linear-crenate or serrate,
astate cordate or cuneate, stipules linear adnate, flowers lilac, sepa s
piceolate, Spur saccate. Wall, Cat. 1445. V. primulifolia, Zinn. in part ,

Temperate Hiwataya, alt. 4-8000 ft.from Kashmir to Bhotan; Western T IBET ;
ares "uas; hills of the Wrsrenx PrxixsuLA and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Afighanistan,
ysa, Japan, Mid. Russia. i
ery variable. Rootstock woody. Leaves very variable, largest 3-4 by 1-2 in, nar
mest 3-4 by 1-1 in. ; petiole 2-4 in., often winged. Stipules entire. Flowers P ht
diam, Style nearly straight, slender; stigma 3-lobed, margined. Capsule straight,
12. ; valves narrow, acute,

3. V. diffus "ng. 4 . Prodr. i. 298; softly hairy, stemless, sto-
loniferous, leaves elite on DO. Prod crenate base cuneate rarely ED
pules free narrow toothed, sepals subacute, spur globose. Wall, Cat.
eV. tenuis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. i. 482.
ME CBTROPICAT, HIMALAYA from Nipal to Mishmi, in fields, alt. 3—5000 ft.; KHASIA

: i inged, rarely
: Leaves t fied, 1-14 in, pale green; petiole broadly winged,
Atalling the blade, Stolons Ka sometimes floriferous. Flowers pale purple.
ee slender, narrowed-downwards from the 2-lobed margined obscurely beaked stigma.

4 V. Hookeri T. Thoms. ; glabrous or young parts pilose, stem and
Slons short, leaves. orbieular- reniform broadly crenate, petiole not

ged, stipules narrow free toothed or lacerate, sepals obtuse or acute,
Pur saccate,

1,25 Hours; Bhotan, alt. 6-7000 fi, Grifith; Sikkim, alt. 8-11,000 ft-

Rootstock slender. Leaves 1-13 in, rather fleshy, crenatures very broad and
dn OW; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Flowers white or very pile blue, sma Canes
moder, narrowed downwards from the 3-lobed obscurely beaked stigma. the elim
- Per aps two species are mixed here, and if so they occur M reniform
le hotan collections; one is small, very hairy when young, “ily lábroas: with
wes and shorter obtuse sepals; the other is larger, almost wholly d ing basal
minutely gland-dotied leaves having rounded sometimes overlapping bs ai
and acute sepals; of this latter some of Griffith's specimens

t Bengal (Khasia hills), but through an obvious transposition of tickets.

227 ; glabrous or nearly so, stolons or stems usually long leafy and
mg Í
in enc

wi A distans, Wall, Cat 4022, and in Trans, Med. Phys. Soc. Calc.
flo

te-serrate, sti-
faves ovate- or deltoid-cordate usually acute crenate a
entire or fimbriate, sepals acute, spur saceate, capsule linear-oblong

184 XIII. VIOLACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Viola.

many-seeded. "V. Wightiana var. glabra, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. Noto-
niana, Wall. Cat. 1419. V. Metziana, Hohen. Pl. Exsicc. No. 1501.

. Temperate HIMALAYA, from Nipal to Bhotan, alt., 5—10,000 ft. ; KHASIA HILLS,
alt. 4-6000 ft. PurNEY and Nirenigi Mrs. ; CgvLos, alt. 6-7000 ft.—DisrRis. Java?

Rootstock, slender or stout. Stems 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves
3-1} in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or deep; petals not winged.
Flowers 3-4 in. diam., pale lilac or blue. Style slender, narrowed downwards from the
obscurely 3-lobed stigma. Capsule, 1-3 in., valves acute —It is very difficult to ane
guish this from V. serpens, by leaf or flower, and the characters of the stigma and p
mi probably sexual; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the
other.

Van. 1. distans proper ; stipules nearly entire. V. serpens, Wall. Cat 1441 (not
of Fl.Ind.) ? V. palmanis, Puch in DO. Prodr. i. 298, Don Prodr. 205.—Nipal,
Khasia hills. I

Van. 2. fimbriata; stipules lacerate or fimbriate.—Sikkim.

Van. 3. acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate. —Sikkim, alt. 7—9000 ft.

*** Stigma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated.

6. V. serpens, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 449 (not. of Cat.) and
in DC. Prodr. i. 296 ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually long y
and flowering, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, stipules
toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate, sepals acute, capsules globose few-seece
Royle Ill. 74, t. 18, f. 1; W. & A. Prodr. 32. V. Wightiana, var. pubescens,
Thwaites Enum, 20. V. pilosa, Blume, id. 57.

Moist woods, &c., throughout the TEwPERATE HIMALAYA, KHASIA HILLS, PULNEY
an Niranini Mrs., and CExLox, alt. 5-7000 ft. ? Mou.mern, Parish. —LDisTRB. Java,

ina. ^

Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow or deep. Flowers from the main-stem
3-4 in. diam. ; those from the axils of the cauline leaves small or minute. Uap?
often pubescent.—As variable in habit and foliage as V. distans, from which the pem
alone distinguishes the glabrous forms when these are not in fruit, and we suspect t be
these differences are sexual, the stigmas of the smaller fertile flowers appearing to i
more truncate than those of the large flowers. The N. W. India specimens are $16 a
stemmed than those from moister districts. V. Griffithiana, Boiss., of Afghanis a
differs in the more cylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and "b “m
more evident beak. V. hirta, L., differs chiefly in the latter character and o
sepals. Prodr.
"n 1. glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferous. ? V. Hamiltoniana, Don ^^

Van. 2. canescens, Wall. Cat-1442. (sp.), and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. " o
often stemless, hoary or pubescent. V. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4021. V. Roy
Wall. Cat. 1448. V. griffithiana, Boiss; Fl. Orient. i. 456. lons 0.

Var. 3. confusa, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 20 (sp.); stemless or nearly 80, stolo
V. Wightiana, Wt. Ic. t. 943. V. aspera, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 295.

7. V. odorata, Z. ; glabrate or pubescent, stem 0, stolons slender, Ley

tufted broadly ovate-cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or
sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straight short subcylindrie, style 1»
above, stigma decurved. Boiss. Fl. Orient, 458, (Sweet Violet.)

ORA, alt. 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. T.—Disrzis. Europe, N. Africa, N. an
sia. i
, Rootstock stout. Stems very short or 0. Leaves (in the Kashmir plant) vr
dime tip rounded, nearly glabrous; stipules sububute-lanceolate. Sepals roun

e tip.

d W.

185
Viola] XIII. VIOLACEX, (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

in

8& V. canina, var. sylvatica, Fries. (sp.); rootetock short or iiir.
stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate o straight or hooked,
stipules leafy fimbriate, sepals acute or acuminate, spur
style of V. odorata, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 459. Duras, N. Asia, and

Kasmu and Kisurwan, alt. 4-8000 ft. Jacquemont, &c.— .

tlantic. . .

“Best Qa antic. V. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals.

es
9. V. Falconeri, H. f. & T.; stem 0 or very short, stolons or bran ches
stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate vend with "black glands,
very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covere cate, anther-spurs ex-
owers 1 in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate,
ceeding the cells, ;
alconer. . f canina), o
A sum Falkoner species, resembling V. acuminata Led. (@ form, hs “en ,
iberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and g

. 8, stem-
10, V. kunawarensis, Royle II. 75, t. 18, f. HE small e ‘sepals
less, stolons 0 leaves tufted oblong obtuse subentire stigma subhorizontal
Short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate,
hardly beak d.

i, alt. 11-15,500 ft.—
WzsrERN TinET and TIBETAN Hmaraya, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 1 | into tl
STRIB. istan. -4 in., tapering into the
Bootstalt slender woody, much ed. Deaver tuted d tuis elliptic, acute.
Sender petiole, pale green. Flowers 1-4 in. diam., purple.

short

ll. V. cinerea, Boiss, - Fl, Orient. i. 454 ; small, glabrous Rl» orenat e,

hee isa uched, leaves elliptic-ovate w S small axillary, sepals lanceolate
<4 cute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers sma

: f 2 oblong
» Spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral o
Parallel disks.

hanistan, Persia,
ADY hilly region of the PuxJAB and Sixpu, common.—Disrris. Affgha ,
Tabla,

Sli

. : tioles as long.
ghtly owdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves 4-4 in. apiculate, petiole
Peduncles ș

in. di 1_} in., elliptic, acute.
ender, bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in. diam. Capsules 1-] in.,

f A. Patrini.
Y APETALA, Roxb. ? Wall. Cat, 1440 resembles an apetalous form o
Y. DUBIA, Wall. Caz. 1450, is probably a form of V. serpens.

2. TONIDIUM, Ventenat.

i Flowers axil-

Herbs or undershrubs, Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. he base, Petals

TY, Orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not prol iuc Anthers connate or

$ lower larger, clawed saccate or spurred at the ase, Ovary ovoid; style

Te, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. d. aalelobose, fow-
v avate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valved, B

ies about 40, chiefly
eded, Seeds globose, testa crustaceous.—DIsTRIB. Species a ,
Topical American.

: ubes-

t laaffruticosum, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 3n Ea rlitary. P Wall

Cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flow 308, I enneasper-
439; Wee A. Prods 32. Wad IU. t 19; Te. t, 308.

; ightianum, Wall;
gm, DO; Wall, Cat, 1438; W. & A. Prodr. 33. I. viS ilum and erec-
< m leptorhizum DC. ; W. € A lo L Dy Journ. iv. 342 ;
ju, DC. Lc. 308, 311, I. liexaspermum, Dalz. in Hoo Moab. FL. Ind. L 649;

“71.12. Viola suffruticosa and enneasperm
Ed. Wall, ii

, 168.
447. V. frutescens and erecta, Hoth, Nov, Sp

186 XIII. VIOLACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Ionidium.

Abundant from BuxpELkuxD and Agra, to BENGAL and CrvLox.—Disrnis. Tro-
ical Asia, Africa, and Australia. UPS
K Very variable, 6-12 in., perennial; branches diffuse, woody. Leaves 142 by ied ie
subsessile; stipules subulate, gland-tipped. lowers red; pedicels s or er bae mi
leaves. Petals variable, 4 oblong acute or mucronate, the 5th with a long 1

large oval or orbicular limb. Seeds striate.

2. I. ramosissimum, Thwaites Enum. 21; leaves closely imbrica
narrow-linear quite entire glaucous, flowers solitary.

Cryton, banks of the Mahawelliganga at Havagam, Thwaites. e

Shrubby, suberect, 6-8 in., branches suberect. Leaves 1-14 in., mucronate, veinless,
margins recurved. Flowers as in J. suffruticosum.

3. ALSODEIA, Thouars.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), distichous ; o"
nerves often numerous and parallel. Stipules rigid. Flowers Sm donde
lary or terminal, solitary fascicled cymose or racemose, regular ; N sessile.
with many bracts. Sepals 5, subequal, rigid. Petals 5, Subequa ` ced into
Stamens 5, inserted inside or on an annular disk; connective pro id: style
a long or short often broad membranous appendage. Ovary rie d, few-
straight, stigma terminal; ovules few or many. Capsule av “baot 40,
seeded. Seeds glabrous in the E. Ind. species.—DISTRIB. Species à
chiefly tropical American.

ents
Sect. I. Doryctandra, Hassk. (Gen.). Stamens exserted, filam
slender ; anthers cohering in a cone.

1. A. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 7189 (Pentaloba?) ; branchlets P
cent on one side, leaves glabrous small elliptic or cuneate lancens Jabrous
subcrenate perforate at the nerve axils beneath, flowers fasciclen 5 i
Arn. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 343. Vareca heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ina.

Doryctandra Roxburghii, Hassk. in Retzia i. 126.

Oune, Genl Martin; Situer, Wallich ; Anvamans, Kurz. . . le beneath,
A small shrub; branchlets compressed. Leaves 1-14 by 4-3 in., sessile, pa
nerves few, venules obsolete. Stipules Y in., subulate from a broad base.
subsessile, ;^; in. diam., white. Sepals unequal, obtuse. Petals linear, P
Disk 10toothed. Filaments glabrous ; anthers white, narrow-linear, almos labrous;
the filaments, base of cells tomentose; appendage oblong, obtuse. Ovary Š
style filiform, pubescent. Capsule 1- few-seeded.

Sect. II. Stamens included ; anthers free. Disk cupular.

* Ovary and style glabrous.

.. 24;
2. A. bengalensis, Wall. in Trans, Med. and Phys. Soc. Cale. Mor 2
glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate serrulate, nerve-axils beneat onnectivt
stipules slender, flowers fascicled, filaments very short, tip o p ag. Zod
short broad. Pentaloba? bengalensis, Wall, Cat. 4896 ; Arn. n
and Bot. ii. 542.

SiuugT, Wallich, Griffith r Axpamans, Kurz. . eatiole k if

A shrub or small ME Leaves 3-5 by 11-23 in., shining, tip obtuse; Leg Lis
Stipules } in., narrow lanceolate. Peduncles }-4 in., 1-flowered, rgo
rulous; bracts minute, basal, ovate, subacute. Flowers k in. diam., Speer ` Aur
broad, ovate, 4 the length of the oblonz-ovate petals. Disk thick, 5-lobed.
glabrous, oblong. Capsule 3 in., quite glabrous, 3—4-seeded.

Alsodeia.) — xirr. vrornAcEs. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 187

3. A. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 21; branchlets puberulous, leaves
eüptic-lanceolate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath bearded, stipules
toad-subulate, flowers fascicled, filaments very short, tip of connective
short broad. Pentaloba zeylanica, Arn. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 543.

albtamas, Herb. Wight.; Cocnis, Johnstone; CrExrow, in the Ratnapoora district,
ardner, &c.

Very closely allied to A. bengalensis and perhaps a variety of it, but the branchlets
are puberulous, the stipules broader, the leaves more obscurely serrulate, the flowers on
Shorter pedicels, that are crowded on stout peduncles, and the petals are more linear.—
A. obtusa, Korth, and A. Brownii, Korth, come very near to this and A. bengalensis.

„4 A. Wallichiana, M. f. € 7. ; quite glabrous, leaves petioled large
ear- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils be-
neath not bearded, flowers 2-3 together axillary peduncled quite glabrous.
Pentaloba macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4024.
PexAxo, Porter,
ranches stout. Leaves 7-12 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shining, yellow when dry i nerves
Ë, many, arching; petiole stout 4-3 in. Stipules 4-3 in., linear-lanceolate, gla Tous.
Peduncles 3-24 in, usually 2 together, glabrous, with many small ovate-subulate as
bracts and bracteoles. Flowers 4 in. diam., erect. Sepals ovate, acute, very rigid,
glabrous, Petals ovate-oblong, rigid, twice as long as the sepals. Disk cupular, mem-
Tanous, entire or obscurely 5-lobed. Filaments subulate, flattened, dilated below,
hate to the disk; anthers oblong, cells gibbous at the outer base, tip of connective
suborbicular broader than the cells. Ovary globose; style glabrous, short, stigma
truncate -lobed ; ovules 6. Capsule 4 in., glabrous.

5. A. racemosa, 77. f. ¢ T. ; glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate
quminate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath not bearded, petiole puberulous,

oWers in erect axillary racemes, filaments subulate.

Assan, Herb. Griffith. : bas
sà ranches strict, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 14-1} in., rather oblique, pire ami-
a tte; nerves slender, arching ; petiole 1 in., slender. Stipules Bum ovatos eneth :
b e. Racemes 9.3 in., simple, erect, strict, stout, flowering throughout their le: cH
Tacteate and 2 bracteolate at the base of each short pedicel ; bracts lise the stipu jb.
Errsistent, bracteoles minute. Flowers horizontal, à in. diam. Sepals orato ‘the

late. Petals twice as long, oblong, obtuse. Filaments subulate, connate h EN
Mp cite disk into a cup, glabrous; anthers ovate, tip of connective broad,

» Cells hairy at the base. Ovary 6-ovuled.

**
Ovary and style pubescent or tomentose.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.

6.A Griffithii, 77 4 7 i berulous, leaves
ines . f. € T. ; branchlets and petioles pube ,
düptic-oblong acuminate serrulate glabrous, nerve-axils beneath bearded,
ers fascicled on short branched peduncles, filaments very short, tip o
Mhective broad orbicular,

rón "és the Serpentine mines in the Hookoom valley, Griffith.

short ha s stout. Leaves 8.10 by 3-4 in., shining above, midrib benea M
Pubege, “rs or glabrous; petiole 4 in., stout. Stipules Y in., oblong-lanceolate, an

Tt Peduncles clustered, very stout. Flowers crowded, } in. dian, pa escent.
short: anpa ovate, half as long as the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Fi min 8 ery
cular’ anthers with a short spur at the outer base of each cell, and a very large 5 i-
Ovary aaa branous ciliolate tip to the connective, which is broader than t e an O4)
Which "s d style hairy.—This resembles a Philippine Island species (Coming, n. 2)
acuminat. S abrons flowers, also the A. macrophylla, Don. (of Timor) which has a

Ale tip to the connective.

th with a few
hard,

188 XIII. VIOLACEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) | Alsodeia.

7. A. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4023 (Pentaloba); glabrous, leaves narrow:
lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath unb d
flowers in short cymes pubescent, filaments longer than the anthers, tip
connective subulate, Vareca lanceolata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 648.

PENANG, Jack., Porter, &c. .. Š

An erect shrub. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., smooth and shining on both surge, "t
sessile, base narrowed. Stipules } in., subulate from a broad base, or rots ten M
brous. Flowers pale yellow, shortly pedicelled. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Š ied disk:
long, linear lanceolate, subacute. ilaments glabrous, adnate to the 5-10 and ij
anthers ovate, contracted into the acuminate tip of the connective. Ovary
densely villous. Capsule } in., pubescent or glabrate, several-seeded.

8. A. Maingayi, H. f. & T.; glabrous, leaves subsessile liye z
elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-oblong shortly acuminate serrulate, pis
strong, axils beneath not bearded, flowers in peduncled axillary
crowded pubescent, sepals oblong, stamens tomentose.

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay.

A tree? pis ‘very variable in size and shape, the longest meh meee
10 by 2 in.; the broadest 5 by 3 in., shortly oblong tending to become o pers
somewhat oblique, base rounded or acuminate, young pilose; nerves ma ei
arching and inosculating within the margin. Stipules 4 in., subuis YT
Cymes with stout glabrous peduncles 4-1 in. long, dichotomously branc F seals rather
pio diam., sessile or pedicelled, Sepals broadly oblong, ciliolate. Hetero
onger, obtuse, bearded down the centre on both surfaces. Filaments Ù sc pot
cup-shaped 10-lobed disk, broad, stout, tomentose within; anthers small, 0
nective pubescent, with a glabrous short obtuse membranous tip.

++ Branchlets and leaves tomentose.

long-
9. A. mollis, 77. f. & T. ; softly tomentose, leaves obovate- or Oe
lanceolate acuminate obscurely toothed, flowers in dense axillary
cymes, outer sepals large orbicular, filaments pubescent above.

TENASSERIM, Griffith, Helfer. . ing hairs.

A shrub, brancha and awqa thickly tomentose beneath with short spreading nt
Leaves 6-10 by 2-24 in., acute or acuminate, often oblique, membranous F nceolaté
above with a tomentose midrib; petiole 4 in. Stipules 4-3 in., subu KM crowded,
pilose. Cymes peduncled or subsessile. Flowers 4 in. diam., subsess! ' ith rev*
ochreous. Sepals very unequal, inner oblong. Petals narrow, erect, n ek; anthers
lute tips, hairy upwards. Filaments inserted on the cupular 10-15-lobe 18% 1, vuled-
shorter, ovate, narrowed into the short acute tip of the connective. Od air but
Capsule } in., densely pubescent.—Very near A. dasycaula, Miquel, of Su
much more densely tomentose.

. . densely

10. A. echinocarpa, Korthals. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 359; deny
tomentose, leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate ^ sei
coarsely toothed, flowers in densely tomentose axillary cymes, 9 branc ed
oblong, capsules thickly clothed with felted brown-tomentose Lour. Fl.
fibres. Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 116. Medusa anguifera,
Coch, 406.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.—Distrrs. Sumatra, Cochin-China. isk, st
Very similar ee mollis im foliage, stipules, and structure of the flowers À,

mens and ovary, but the leaves are shorter-petioled and usually more foni sphe

the cymes shorter, the sepals all oblong, tilaments glabrous, and the fruits atodi; whose

balls 1-2 in. diam. of matted branched filaments which arise from the cap

valves are š in. long. Seeds few, large.

| Alsolia] — xim. vroLaceæ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 189

Secr. IIL Seyphellandra, Thwaites (Gen.. Stamens included;
anthers free. Disk reduced to 5 scales, one at the back of each anther.

ll. A. virgata, Thwaites (Scyphellandra); twigs pubescent with
aie leaves small petioled ovate or oblong toothed glabrous obtuse
ends,

Hot dry parts of Cevrox, Thwaites. :
À small shrub. Leaves very variable, j-11 in.; petiole pubescent. Stipules minute,
| lanceolate. - Flowers subsolitary, axillary, peduncled or subsessile, š in. diam., whitish.
sessile, linear-oblong, twice as long as the broadly ovate obtuse ciliolate sepals,
Anthers subsessile, tip of the connective petaloid, much exceeding the cells, ovate, sub-
acute. Ovary small, glabrous ; style slender, stigma minutely 3-lobed ; ovules one on
tach placenta. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds subglobose.

|

Oz»z& XIV. BIXINEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.)

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules minute or 0. Znflorescence
various. Flowers regular, 1-2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, rarely 2-6, imbricate,
-œ OF connate and bursting irregularly, usually deciduous. Petals 4-5 or 0,
mOricate or contorted in bud, deciduous. Stamens usually hypogynous ;
anthers 2-celled, bursting by slits or pores. Disk thickened, often glandular.

wy 1-, rarely several-celled ; style and stigmas free or united ; ovules
parietal, amphitropous or anatropous, Fruit dry or fleshy, indehiscent or
Valvular, valves bearing the seeds in the middle. Seeds arillate or testa
Pulpy, albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cotyledons foliaceous often cordate.
—Dister, Chiefly tropical ; genera 30; species 160.

Tre L Bixeæ. Petals broad, contorted, without a scale or basal
‘Ppendage. Anthers bursting by pores or short slits.

Capsule almost 3-5-celled. Leaves compound. . . . . 1. CocurosPERMUM.
psule 2-valved. Leaves simple . . . . + . + + + 1* BEA
pL AIBE IL Flacourtiece. Petals small, imbricate or 0. Anthers short,
ursting by slits,

)Wers 2-sexual. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite . 2. Sconorra.

Owers 2-sexual. Petals Hn PPP 5-6 . . . . . 9. ERYTHROSPERMUM.
wen usually dicecious. Petals 0. Ovary 2-8-celled. . 4. FLACOURTIA.

rere diccious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds glabrous 5. Xytosma.

?Wers diecious. Petals 0. Ovary l-celled. Seeds hairy 6. ABERIA.

NS HI Pangiem. Flowers dicecious, Petals with an adnate scale
wal appendage.
*Pals connate, St . .. 7. GYNOCARDIA.
‘Pals connate. Stamens 57 many vu... . . B. TRICHADENIA.
Pals free. Stamens 5-8 . | | | | 2... . 9. Hypnocarpus.

1. COCHLOSPERMUM, Kunth.

Trees or shrubs. ini igitately lobed or divided.
s, juice yellow or red. Leaves digitately lobe
tater i large, yellow, 2 sexual. Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 5, large, «sth
bns oo bud. Stamens many, on an eglandular disk ; anther-cells w1
tooth or short slits, Ovary globose, almost 3-5-celled ; style simple, valved,
; Ovules very many, on 3-5 parietal placentas. Caps ^ Api ^ o
ce membranous. Seeds cochleate; testa hard, woolly; embry
—Disrriz, About 11 species, all tropical.

190 XIV. BIXINEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cochlospermum.

1. C. Gossypium, DC. Prodr. i. 527; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed
tomentose beneath, lobes acute entire. Wall. Cat. 1843; Wight in Hook.
Bot. Mise. ii. 357, Suppl t.18; W. & A. Prodr. 87; Planch. in Hook. Kew
Journ. Bot. vi. 306. Bombax gossypium. Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 169.

Dry hills Garwnat, BuxpELKUND, Benar, Orissa and the Dekkan; also com-
monly planted near temples.

A small naked tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-8 in. diam., old glabrous;
petiole slender. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., in few-flowered terminal panicles, golden yellow.
Sepals silky. Petals obovate, notched. Capsule 2-3 in., 5-lobed.

1* BIXA, Linn.

A tree. Leaves simple; stipules minute. Flowers in terminal panicles,
2-sexual. Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, contorted in buc
Anthers opening by 2 terminal pores. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender, curv
stigma notched ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas, Capsule loculicidaby
2-valved, placentas on the valves. Seeds many, funicle thick, testa pupy ;
albumen fleshy ; embryo large, cotyledons flat.

B. ORELLANA, L.; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 31; W. & A. Prodr. 31. (Anatto)
Cultivated throughout Ixp14, and the tropics generally, for the red dye afforded by
the testa.—Native of America.

A small evergreen tree. Leaves 4-8 by 21-5 in., cordate, acuminate H
petiole slender, 2-3 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., purple or white. Capsule 13 iN., es
subglobose, base intruded, softly prickly.

nate, glabrous;

2. SCOLOPIA, Schreber.

Trees, spinous in India, spines often compound. Leaves alternate, entire;
stipules minute or 0, Flowers small, racemed, axillary, 9-sexual. es 471
4-6, slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, subsimilar, imbricate In x

Stamens many; anthers ovoid, opening by slits, connective produ

Ovary l-celled ; style erect, stigma entire or lobed; ovules few, e
parietal placentas. Berry 2-4-seeded. Seeds with long funicles, per vi
1a

cotyledons foliaceous.—DisTRIB. Species about 15 ; Australian,
African.
; leaves

1. S. rhinanthera, Clos. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii. 252 i lar at

Maracca, Grifith—Disrris. Java, Borneo. teeth

A tree. Leaves 3-6 by 11-24 in., coriaceous, shining, base rounded or em way:
glandular; petiole 4 in. Zacemes 3-4 in.; flowers 1- or more-bracteate. pals &&
Petals twice as long, glabrous, ciliate. Connective of anthers glabrous.

globose.

2. S. Roxburghii, Clos. l.c. 250 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate actin
subcrenate glabrous 3-5-plinerved at the base, petiole 2-glan ular "live
top or not, racemes softly pubescent, sepals and petals 6 each, fruit 0 Pl.
formed. Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Phoberos Roxburghii, Des,
Jav. Rar. 192. Ludia spinosa, Rozb, Fl. Ind. ii. 507. Flacourtia SUE

Wall. Cat. 6678, in part.

Scolopia. | XIV. BIXINEZ. (Hook. t. & Thoms.) 191

Mercur, Grifith.—Disrgis. Sumatra.

Spines on trunk compound. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2} in., coriaceous, shining above ;
petiole 1-4 in. Racemes axillary, 1 in.; flowers yellow, solitary, bracts deciduous.
Disk pubescent. Connective ciliate.

3. S. crenata, Clos. l.c. 250 ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely
or acutely acuminate subcrenate glabrous obscurely 3-5-plinerved, petiole
3 n., racemes axillary glabrous or puberulous, sepals and petals 5-6 each,
ut globose green (dry size of a cherry). S. pseudo-crenata, acuminata,
cunensis, lanceolata, and crassipes, Clos, l. c. S. seeva, Hance in Ann. Se.
Nat. Sér. 4, xviii, 182. Phoberos crenatus, W. & A. Prodr. 29; Dalz. &
Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 11. P. lanceolatus and P. Wightianus, W. & A. Prodr. 30.
. acuminatus, Hookerianus, and Arnottianus, Thwaites Enum. 17 and 400.
courtia sapida and crenata, Wall. Cat. 6675 H, 6679.
pilatanar, Canara, Maisor, and CrvLow, in hilly districts—Dusrri. China and
hilippines,
ranches of young trees armed, of old unarmed. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., base acute,
teeth glandular, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath; petiole 1-4 in. Racemes
13 in, terminal flowers at times corymbose ; bracts. deciduous; pedicels 1-3-flowered.
» clive of anthers glabrous.—Excessively variable. S. dasyanthera, Bennett, united
with this by Clos, is a different species.

4 S. Gærtneri, Thwaites Enum. 400 ; leaves oblong to orbicular obtuse
“J acute glabrous, petiole very short, racemes simple, sepals and petals
„each, fruit pisiform red fleshy. S. pusilla, Moon. Cat. ; Clos. le. 251.
monia pusilla, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 279, t. 58, f. 4.
Cavros, from the sea coast to 1500 ft.
„tee, spines compound on the trunk, simple or 0 on the branches. Leaves 1-3 by
"i p» COrlaceous, base rounded cordate or subacute, thin, reticulate on both surfaces;
Petiole 35-4 in

3. ERY THROSPERMUM, Lamarck.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers racemed fascicled
T panicled, 2-sexual. Sepals 4-6, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, usually
1 ll. Stamens 4-6 ; anthers lanceolate-sagittate, connective dilated. Ovary
-celled ; style short, stigma entire or 3-4-fid; ovules many, on 3-4 pa-
ae placentas. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the seeds
n the middle. Seeds few, testa coriaceous or fleshy ; embryo incurved.—

ISTRIB. Species 6, all Mascarene but the following.

b l. E. Phytolaccoides, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 9; gla-
mus, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or subserrate, flowers
Phas waites Enum. 18.

PYLON, in the Ambamagowa and Ratnapoora districts. .

Hi tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves 31-8 by 1153 in., shining above, base acute ^ petiole
37. Lacemes axillary and terminal, simple or panicled, many-flowered. wers

s qp White. Sepals ovate, obtuse, equalling the ovate-oblong ciliate peta 8.

1-2.8e d large, on very short filaments. Capsule globose, 3—4-valved, 4 in. diam.,

eded. Seeds globose ; testa red.

m. d

4. FLACOURTIA, Commers.

Trees or š te. Flowers

or shrubs, ofte . Leaves toothed or crenate.
Small, dicecious, rarely 2. sek ual Sepals 4-5, small imbricate. sane 0.
ns many; anthers versatile. Ovary on a glandular disk; styles 2 or

192 XIV. BIXINEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Flacourtia.

<

more, stigmas notched or 2-lobed ; ovules usually in pairs on each placenta.
Fruit indehiscent, endocarp hard, with as many cells as seeds. Seeds
obovoid, testa coriaceous; cotyledons orbicular.—Disrris. About 12 species,
natives of the Old World, some are cultivated in various tropical countries.

After a long study of extensive suites of specimens, we find ourselves quite unable to
distinguish the forms of several species of this genus, and especially of 5, 6, 7 and 8,
which are all excessively variable.

* Leaves usually more or less lanceolate and acuminate.

1. F. sumatrana, Planch. mss. in Herb. Hook. ; unarmed, leaves ob-
long acuminate base cordate glabrous obtusely gland-serrate, nerves be-
neath pubescent, lowest close-set, flowers racemed dicecious, stigmas 2-lobed.
Wall. Cat. 6678 A, in part. 1 Ludia foetida, Roxb.

TrNassEnIM, Helfer—Disrris. Sumatra. . t

"Young branches only puberulous, Leaves 5-10 by 23-43 in. thin, coriaceous,
shining above; petiole ł—4 in., and midrib below pubescent. Racemes axillary,
fascicled, short. isk cupular. Ovary 4-7-celled; styles 4-7. Fruit small, oblong.

2. F.inermis, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. 16, t. 222; Fl. Ind. iii. px
armed, leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate obtusely
serrate glabrous, flowers 2-sexual in fascicled pubescent racemes, "p
2-lobed. Jack. Mal. Misc., and in Hook. Bot. Misc, i. 289; Wall. od
excl. G, H, 1; W. £ A. Prodr. 29. 1 F. quintuplinervis, T'urcz. m D
Mosc. xxxvi. 353.

SILHET, SINCAPORE, PENANG, Jack, &c., cultivated in India.—DisrRIB. hining,

Young branches puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in., base acute or rounded. feshy
thin, coriaceous, midrib below pubescent; petiole 4-$in. Disk covered with of à
orange glands. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; stigmas 4-8, 2.obed. Fruit size
cherry, red, acid, pyrenes 8-10.

3. F. montana, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl, 10; branches spinous, flowering
unarmed, softly pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate 0 reel
acuminate crenate glabrous above hairy beneath, base 3-5-plinerv:
flowers dicecious in fascicled densely pubescent racemes. alz.
Bomb, Fi. 10. F. inermis, Mig. Pl. Hohen. not Roxburgh.

Canara and Coxcas, Dalzell, &c. acute,

A very thorny tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3} in., coriaceous, base rounded pane
shining above, glabrate beneath when old; petiole 4 in., and costa beneath tom
Disk of à glandular. Fruit slightly acid, size of a cherry.—There 18 another +-
tana, of Zippel (Linnea xv. 176) from Timor. leaves

4. F. mollis, H. f. € T. ; flowering branches softly pubescent, rous
oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate-toothed 8 e
except the midrib above downy beneath, flowers dicecious ó m
almost umbellate.

Tenassertm, Griffith, Helfer. t

A tree; bark smooth, grey. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., base rounded or act! °
nerved ; petiole j in. Fl. 9 and fruit unknown. e

5. F. Rukam, Zoll. & Moritz. Verz. 33; unarmed, young branche
pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate quite glabrous tigmas
acuminate coarsely glandular-crenate, flowers dicecious umbelled, oe fl
6-8 capitate emarginate. Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4. viii. 216 Eb) š
Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 104. F. cataphracta, Blume Bijd. 55 (not of Bi K iin
. Maracca or Mereu, Grifith.—Disruis. Philippine Islands. Much cultiva

ruit..

Sumatra.

pemi

R

|
|

Flacourtia. | XIV. BIXINEJE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 193

A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 11-2 in, firm, coriaceous, base acute or rounded, penni-
nerved ; petiole } in. Ombels fascicled, 4-flowered, subsessile, pubescent. Styles erect,
remote. Fruit size of a large cherry.

6. F. Cataphracta, Rox). in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 830 ; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 222 ;
Fl. Ind. iii. 834 : branches white-dotted glabrous young armed, leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate quite glabrous crenate-serrate, flowers

cious in irregular glabrous racemes, stigmas 4-6 capitate. Wall. Cat.
6674 (excl. O); Clos Lc. (not of Roth., Blume or Dalzell ?). F. Jangomas,
Mig. Stigmarosa Jangomas, Zour. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng. Spina
spinarum, Rumph. Am). Cap. 43, p. 38, xix. t. 1, 2.

From Lower Brwaarn and Assam to CnirrAaoxa, Maracca, and SINCAPORE.—
Disrnrp, Malay Islands, China.—Commonly cultivated. ` h

A small tree ; spines compound. Leaves 2-4 by 1-12 in., membranous, lower on the

nches often obtuse ; petiole 1-3 in. Ovary flask-shaped, neck contracted. ` rs
very small, *,—! in. diam. Fruit the size of a small plum, purple, very pq Te
ems m considering this a native of Africa; Bojer (Hort. Maur.) attributes it to in the
and Roxburgh gives it a well-known Bengali name (Paniala). The description in

mbay Flora is too brief for identification.

i Leaves usually oblong obovate or orbicular, obtuse ‘or lobtusely pointed,
rarely elliptic-lanceolate,

7. F. Ramontchi L'Herit. Stirp. 59, t. 30, 31; armed, branchlets
glabrous or pubescent, "leaves very variable elliptic-oblong obovate or cw
orbicular, obtusely serrate or crenate, flowers dicecious in short branched
Ag TOUS racemes, stigmas 5-11 free or connate. W. & A. Prodr. 29 ; Dalz.

Us. Bomb. FI. 10,

Atchipela l
» ^re quite unable to define the various forms brought together under the namos of
` #amontchi and sapida, and which include either several species, or one t at
Wi all over India, and varies much, presenting however the following principa
eues or species. E
ar i Bamontchi er; leaves glabrous 2-3 in. membranous elliptic ovate or
oblong Coarsely crenata, racemes very Slender glabrous or nearly so. F. Ramontchi,
the Po 6677 ; Wight Cat. 108; Ic. t. 85; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 120.—Uomm
mnsu a.
^R. 2. sapida ; leaves 1-2 in. membranous or coriaceous glabrous or pubescent on
my Costa beneath and petiole elliptic broadly oblong cuneate-obovate or suborbicalas,
4t des stonter pubescent.—F. sapida, Roxb. Cor. Pl. 1. t. 69; Fl In M 535;
where i “ane. 29; Wall. Cat. 6675 C.—Common in the Western Ghauts an
m the Peninsula,
b VAR. 3, latifolia; branches robust glabrous, leaves large 3-5 in. glabrous corisoeona
Mr elliptic-oblong or orbicular, costa below and petiole puberulous, nem es s g
F oblique, racemes very short pubescent, stigmas sessile.—Carnatic, Nilg emo
and raço, P CI dentalis ; branchlets petioles leaves often beneath and sometimes ee
hue], comes tomentose or velvety, leaves 1-2 in. broadly oblong orbicular or obaran
Wall CLptio or ovate, base rounded cuneate or cordate.— Probably a jou on jon 8,
Viii, 2 i» 6675, excl. B, C, H, & K. ? F. Perottetiana, Clos in Ann. pe cubil
a rom Benar and the Dexxay, northward and westward to Oude,
e Punjab; abundant—(Beluchistan). T
d ` racemulifera ; leaves nl 11-14 in. membranous glabrous elliptic oblong
erect ws ° puberulous, petiole short, flowers very small dicecious in short g E
—Heyj, yoe flowered racemes 3-1 in. long very shortly podioolied, te ee MM
B fron he, adras, Wall. Cat. 6675 K, male flower only; Wight Cat. i . piaia

Vou. pO in Ann, Sc. Nat. Sér. 4. viii. 217.—A very curious form, or pre

Common throughout India, wild or cultivated.—Disrnrs. Madagascar, the Eastern
go.

194 XIV. BIXINEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Flacourtia.

different species. Wallich’s specimens and four in Wight's Herb. are all we have seen,
and these are male.

X 8 F.sepiaria, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 48, t. 68; Fl. Ind. iii. 835; shrubby,
very thorny, thorns usually bearing flowers and fruit, leaves small obcor-
date obovate or oblong or cuneate-obovate or orbicular crenate-serrate, when
old rigid coriaceous and shining, flowers dicecious solitary or few in near'y
glabrous racemes, stigmas 3-4. W. & A. Prodr. 29; Wall. Cat. 6676 ;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. F, obcordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ñi. 835. „H. cor
difolia and rotundifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 73. Sideroxylon spinosum,
Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1091 ; Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. 39.

; Dry jungles throughout BgxGar, the Western Penrnsuua, and CEvLoN.—LDISTRIB.
Java. ` i
A very rigid thorny bush. Leaves 4-3 in., usually more or less cuneate at biis
when larger and more membranous or more elliptic it is difficult to distinguis "i
from F. Ramontchi vars. 1 and 2. Flower generally solitary or twin 1n à em nd
fect raceme, very small. Male sepals ovate, obtuse; female orbicular. Atgm
usually separate, on very short styles. Drupe size of a large pea.

Fracourtta Wientrana, Wall. Cat. 6672 is a Scepa. F. nivea, Moon. Cat. 70 18
Flueggca leucopyrus, Wt.

5. XYLOSMA, Forster.

Characters of Flacourtia, but ovary with 2, rarely 3-6 few-ovuled a
placentas, a usually entire very short style, capitate stigma (in the sivit
species) and globose 2-8-seeded berry.—DisrRiB. Species about 25, na
of all tropical regions.

. 1. €. longifolium, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii. 231; —
linear- or elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obtusely serrate, D
spreading, d flowers in short racemes, rarely in long panicles, „burb.

ovate acuminate. Flacourtia ferox, Wall. mss. in Voigt.
Calc. 84.

WESTERN HIMALAYA on the outer ranges, ascending on 5000 ft., from Kumaon, a
and Wint., to Marri, Stewart. Assam, at Nowgong and Gowahatty, Jenkins, Z

A glabrous bush ; branches rather long, slender. Leaves 4-9 by 14-24 in, Com
shining above, base acute, rarely obtuse; nerves 8-12 on each side the midri A pr
l-j in. Racemes usually very short, } in., and crowded in the leaf axils, sese itary ot
flowered, glabrous or puberulous, rarely elongate and branched. Flowers 877 y*;
fascicled, 1 in. diam. Berry glabrous, 1 in. diam.—The specimens with panic
florescence occur amongst those from Assam.

2. X. controversum, (los /.c.; leaves elliptic or elliptic
(rarely lanceolate) acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves very oblique, Wall.
panicled puberulous, bracts linear-oblong. Flacourtia Catap racta,
Cat. 6674 C.

Nipar, Wallich. Kuasta mits, Griffith ; Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft, H. f. d £ mak

Very near X. longifolium, especially the form of that species with pen men
flowers; best distinguished by the usually shorter (3—6 in.) leaves, often per (6-8)
branous, with invariably very oblique nerves and fewer of them on each pi^
The sepals are equal or unequal, and the character of the bracts is perhaps n
good one. "The fruit is alike in both.

a: tuse
3. X. latifolium, H. f. & T. ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong petiole
or acute obtusely serrate or subentire, nerves few very oblique

Aylosma.] XIV. BIXINEJE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 195

pubescent, d flowers in small branched slender pubescent few-flowered
panicles, sepals minute orbicular ciliate.

Bababooden hills in Marson, Law, Stocks.
large thorny tree, twigs petioles and inflorescence finely downy. Leaves 2-5 by
1-2) in., hardly coriaceous, base acute, nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the 2 lower running
nearly throughout the blade ; petiole 1-4 in. £ Panicles 4-1 in., very slender, sparingly
branched ; bracts linear-oblong. Fruit very small, about š in. diam. with 4 placentas ;
style very distinct, stigma capitate 4-lobed.

6. ABERIA, Hochst.

Trees or shrubs, often spinous, eaves entire or toothed, exstipulate.

7$ axillary, dicecious ; d? subracemose, fascicled, or umbellate, 9 soli-
tary or fascicled. Sepals 5-8, tomentose, subvalvate. Petals 0. Disk of 9
Pandular Stamens numerous; anthers short. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-5,
“ort, spreading, stigma notched or truncate ; ovules 2-6 on each of 2-7 pa-
netal placentas, Berry globose, tomentose. Seeds pubescent or tomen-
à e, rompressed, imbedded in pulp; cotyledons flat, broad. —Species 5, all
ut the following African.

l A. Gardneri, (los in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii. 236; leaves ovate

p tic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or toothed ubescent above

a entose beneath. Roumea hebecarpa, Gard. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist.
9; Thwaites Enum. 18.

Prem, at Condasalle, Maturatte, &c., Gardner, &c. on.
mid hae 16-20 ft. ; branches pale, twigs reddish, tomentose. Leaves 2-5 by $-2 1n.;
a and very oblique veins red, base acute or rounded; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers
em: é umbelled on very short peduncles ; 9 solitary or few together. Filaments
da ng the lanceolate, acute sepals. Styles hairy; stigmas fimbriate. Fruit 1 in.
0» The name of hebecarpa was not adopted by Clos, because all the species of
Tia have pubescent fruit.

7. GYNOCARDIA, R. Br.

tp erfectly glabrous tree. Leaves quite entire. Flowers axillary or trun-
mu acieled, dicecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or bursting irre-
Tan Y. Petals 5, with a ciliate scale opposite each. FL. d : Stamens
vill y; anthers basifixed, linear. Ovary 0, Fr. 9: Staminodes 10-15,
Mn Ovary globose, 1-celled ; styles 5, stigmas large cordate ; ovules
Seed’ 9n 5 parietal placentas. Berry subglobose, rind thick, hard, rough.
flat : obovoid, Immersed in pulp, testa thick ; albumen oily ; cotyledons

subreniform, radicle ovoid,

lave y Odorata, R. Br. in Roxb. Cor. Pl. 95, t. 299; quite glabrous,

Pl Jap, long or linear oblong abruptly acuminate shining above. Benne

Moria d R ar. 207. Chaulmoogra odorata, Roab. Fl. Ind. iii. 835. Chil-
rom decandra, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 500.

Bras, PERDE and the Kuasta miLLs eastwards to Currracona, Rangoon, and

by Tete slender, flexnons. Leaves bifarious, largest 6-10 by 3-4 in., smallest 1$
sented viy coriaceous, strongly reticulate beneath; petiole ]-lin. Flowers Swee
leaf axi Yellowish, in very large fascicles on the trunk, solitary or few together in t e
bracts po TY variable in size, 1-2 in. diam., the females largest ; peduncles 1-2 in. ;
Sedi 1 in Lo Mute, (Calyx coriaceous. Filaments woolly. Fruit 3-5 in. diam.

02

1906 — XIV. BIXINEX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Trichadenia.

8. TRICHADENIA, Thwaites.

A tall tree. Leaves long-petioled, alternate, coriaceous. Stipules folia-
ceous, deciduous, Flowers in short axillary racemes or panicles. Calys very
coriaceous. Petals 5, imbricate, with an adnate scale on each. FL Q:
Stamens 5; anthers linear. Fu. 9 : Staminodes 0. Ovary 1-celled; pace
3, very short, stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary on 3 parietal placen ra
Berry spherical, 1-3-seeded. Seeds large, testa bony, albumen oily; co
ledons foliaceous, rugose.

1. T. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Kew. Journ, Bot. vii. 196, BG
Enum. 19; leaves oblong acuminate sinuate-toothed finely pubescen
the nerves beneath, racemes tomentose.

CEvLoN ; central province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. . nios.

A very large tree; branchlets very stout, inflorescence and petioles — :
Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., base rounded ; petiole 2-3 in. ; nerves beneath y Lin
Racemes 3-5in. Flowers J in. diam., pale green. Fruit 14-3 in. diam.

iam.

9. HYDNOCARPUS, Gertner.

Trees, Leaves alternate, serrate or entire, transverse venules numer
stipules deciduous. Flowers solitary or in irregular axillary few-fi d
racemes or fascicles, dicecious. Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate In rm,
Petals 5, with a scale opposite each. Fr. Z: Stamens 5-8 ; anthers re
connective broad. Ovary 0 or rudimentary. Fr, Q : Stamens as 1D © ‘asd
but without pollen, or reduced to staminodes, Ovary 1-celled ; stig
3-6, sessile or subsessile, spreading, dilated, lobed ; ovules many, on mally
rietal placentas. Berry globose, rind hard, many-seeded. See f
imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous, striate, albumen oily; cotyledons
broad, flat. DisrRIB. Species about 6, tropical Asiatic.

l. E. venenata, Cerin. Fruct. i. 288, t. 60, f. 3; leaves lanceolate Lu
oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, flowers } in. diam. racemed pentandrous, tal
subequal orbicular, scales villous much smaller than the orbieular Te i
fruit the size of a walnut. Blume Mus. Bot. ìi. 15. H. inebrians,

ii. 100; DC. Prodr. i. 257 ; Thwaites Enum. 18.

Cryton, by banks of rivers, ascending to 2000 ft. š

A large tree; branchlets puberulous or silky. Leaves 5-7 by 1-23 1n. € [o
serrate, coriaceous ; nerves very oblique; petiole 4 in., stout. — Ztacemes 1 ciliate,
densely tomentose ; buds & in. diam. Sepals rather shorter than the peta m
tomentose on the back Stamens equalling the glabrous petals. Fruit dense’
tose. Seeds grooved, ridges rough.

2. H. Wightiana, Blume Rumph. iv. 22; leaves elliptic- oT pum
` lanceolate long acuminate entire or serrate, flowers 1 in. diam. a ovate

pentandrous, 3 inner sepals larger, petals ciliate twice as long 85 $ ‘a smal
fimbriate scales, 9 flowers with imperfect stamens, fruit the 812e of brians
apple Blume Mus. Bot. i. 15; Dake & Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 11. Mur
Wall. Cat. 6670; Wight IU. i. t. 16 ; Bennett Pl. Jav. Rar. 207. ral
nicksia, Dennstd. Clav. Hort, Mal.—1 Rheede Hort. Malab. i. 65, t. :
represented as rough with large tubercles),

WESTERN PENINSULA, from the S. Concan along the coast ranges. he racemes
A tall tree ; twigs usually brown pubescent (rarely glabrate) as are t serrate
Leaves 4-9 by 14-4 in., coriaceous or membranous, sometimes deeply obtusely |

Hydnocarpus.) — xiv. BIXINER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 197

or toothed, base round acute or subcordate ; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers solitary or ra-
cemed, white. Sepals green, pubescent. Stamens villous at the base, equalling the
ex Ovary densely pubescent. Fruit 2-4 in. diam., tomentose. Seeds obtusely
angular,

3. H. alpina, Wight Ic. t. 942; leaves elliptic oblong or more or less
lanceolate obtusely acuminate or subacute quite entire, flowers 1 in. diam.
tacemed pentandrous, sepals equal, petals oblong-lanceolate glabrous equal-

£ the linear scales, 2 flowers with linear oblong obtuse staminodes.

Moist valleys of the Nirauirt Mrs., Wight; Crvrow, Thwaites. |
tree 70-100 ft. ; twigs giabrous or nearly so. Leaves very variable, young red,
d deep green, 4-7 by 13-23 in., glabrous; petiole 4 in. Flowers racemed on very
thick branched jointed peduncles and long pedicelled (in the Ceylon specimens), pedicels
dij . Atamens shorter than the petals. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit globose, size of an
Ri °, brown tomentose. Seeds imbedded in white pulp, testa hard.— Description
chiefly from Wight,

£ H. octandra, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vii. 197 ; Enum.
19; leaves elliptic or elliptic- or ovate- or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acu-
minate quite entire, flowers 4 in, diam. fascicled octandrous, sepals unequal,
t als twice as long as the rounded silky scales, 9 fl. with imperfect stamens,
Tut 2-3 in, diam

Ambamagowa district, CEvrox, alt. 2500 ft., Thwaites. .

A tree 40-50 ft, ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-44 by 1]-13 in., glabrous above,
puberulous beneath with stellate hairs and glandular dots; petiole d in. Flowers
Sina fascicle ; pedicels 4—4 in. Sepals oblong, obtuse. etals orbicular, concave,
“late, Stamens exceeding the petals. Ovary oblong; placentas 4, each 6-ovuled ;
4. Berry woody, subtomentose, few or many-seeded.

5. H. castanea H. f. & T. ; perfectly glabrous, leaves linear-oblong
acuminate red-brown when: dry quite entire much reticulated, petiole 1-1 he
? flowers 3 in, diam., sepals equal, scales lingulate silky equalling the

‘ar oblong petals, ovary ovoid beaked, fruit as large as an orange.

King’s Island, Anpaans, by the sides of torrents, Helfer; MaAracca, Griffith.

T Middle. sized tree. Branches stout, angular, smooth, black when dry. Leaves
in

4 i i hickl
Y 2-34 in, sides at base very une ual, one acute, the other rounded, thickly
ets shining, strongly veined on both surfaces, nerves 6-10 on each side ; petiole
‘tan? much thickened at the top, quite glabrous. Flowers 9 (only seen) apparen p
75; axillary, sweet-scented ; peduncles š in., and orbicular concave sepals dense y
pubescent. Petals longer than the sepals, concave, obtuse, quite glabrous ; blon es
lan i ' ngid, narrower than the petals. Staminodes 5, erect, glabrous, 4i ton
emica] L5 Obtuse, much shorter than the scales. Ovary villous, contracte into @
at the beak ; stigma sessile. “ Fruit size of an orange, globose, rugose, Vesta double
"m top, flesh granular hard, placentas several. Seeds large angular, testa ,
subcoriaceous cellular, inner as thick.” Griff. mss.

: There is a Burmese Species apparently of this genus collected by Griffith, but in too
8 state for description.

Order XV, PITTOSPOREZE. (By Hook. f. & Thoms.)

rect or climbing trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or eubyertict ate

rogi te (very rarely toothed); exstipulate. Flowers uana y A
imbri te, terminal or axillary. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogy tile
"Me, Torus small. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals ; anthers versatue,

à

DICEN

198 XV. PITTOSPOREJ, (Hook. f. & Thoms.)

Ovary 1-celled, with 2-5 parietal placentas, or 2-5-celled by the rojection
of the placentas; style simple, stigma terminal 2-5-lobed ; ovules many;
parietal or axile, anatropous. Fruit capsular or indehiscent. Seeds usually
many, albumen copious ; embryo small, radicle next the hilum.—DISTRIS.
Genera 9 ; species about 90, chiefly Australian.

L. PITTOSPORUM, Banks.

Erect trees or shrubs, Sepals free or connate below. Petals erect, claws
eonnivent or connate. Stamens 5, erect ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, burtas
by slits. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, incompletely 2-3-celled; ovules
2 or more on each placenta. Capsule l-celled, woody, 2- rarely 3-Vaiv s
valves placentiferous in the middle. Seeds smooth, imbedded in pulp
—DisTRIB. Species about 50, subtropical Asiatic, Australian and Oceanic.

* Capsule 3-valved, twice as long as broad.

1. P. glabratum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. i. 230; leaves oos
oblong or lanceolate, flowers in lax terminal corymbs, peduncles glan
pubescent.— Benth. Fl. Hongkong, 19.

k Kuasia HILL8S, in thickets above 4000 ft., Grifith, &c.—DisrRis. Amoy and Hong

ong.

A straggling shrub, branches whorled. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1} in., glabrous, ma
acuminate, base acute, white beneath. Flowers % in., pale yellow. epals some ve
connate below, ovate, pubescent. Ovary linear-oblong, pubescent, style as d
Capsule 1 in. or more, obovoid-oblong, many-seeded.—In Griffith's Herb. there s
cimens marked as from Sikkim, but probably through misplacement of tickets.
specimens are usually quite glabrous, but the peduncles are now and then downy:

** Capsule 2-valved, when ripe broader than long.
t Leaves and branches glabrous (except 3, tetraspermum).

2. P. humile, H. f. & T. ; dwarf, leaves lanceolate, racemes "e
bellate few-flowered much shorter than the leaves, sepals obtuse,
glabrous.

KnastA mies, banks of the Borpani river, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T. 3 tn. short

A small, much branched shrub, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 14-21 by bs vest
petioled, obtuse or subacute, margins recurved. Facemes 4-1 in., slightly ow greet
pedicels $-{ in, pubescent; bracts as long, linear. Flowers & in. ye'o

pals » in. ovate, obtuse. Petals oblong. Capsule subglobose, scarcely comp diia
-valved.

i

3. P. tetraspermum, W. £ A. Prodr. 154 ; leaves broad-ovate pen
ceolate acute, flowers in terminal many-flowered umbels, rays sho t. 9
or 2-fid, sepals ovate acute ciliate, ovary tomentose. Wight Tet
(stigma bad).

Nirenirt Mrs. ; and CevLos, central province, alt. 5-7000 ft. 1

A large shrub or tree; branches often umbelled, young puberulous. Leavts ud
3-2 in., glabrows, shining above, pale below, coriaceous, acute at š
sessile or shortly peduncled, rays many, š in., short, bracteolate, glabrous or P Jabrou,
Flowers Y in. long, yellow green. Style glabrous, 2lobed. Capsule globose, E
2-valved, 4-seeded.— Very closely allied to P, nilghirense.

4. P. nilghirense, W. £ A. Prodr. 154; leaves broad-ovate ob pals
lanceolate, flowers in slender glabrous terminal 3-8-flowered cory™
ovate acute subciliate, ovary tomentose. Wight Lil. i. t. 70.

Pittosporum.) ^ xv. PITTOSPOREH. (Hook. f & Thoms.) 199

Nirenirt Mrs., above 5000 ft. . » .

A small tree. Leaves 1—4 by 1-2 in, acute or obtnse, shining above, thin y coria-
ceous, base tapering. Corymbs several together; pedicels 4—4 in., spreading; prac-
teoles minute, subulate. Style glabrous. Capsule subglobose,-subcompressed, 2-valved,
6-seeded.— Very closely allied to states of the African P. Senacia, Putt.

è, 9. P. Ceylanicum, Wight Ill. 173; leaves narrow-obovate, flowers i
terminal peduncled or compound corymbs, sepals ovate acute su ,
ovary pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 68 (excl. most syn.).

CzvLow; in the Oova district, alt. 3-5000 ft. .

A small tree; branches leafy, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 4-11 in., obtuse or subacute,
base tapering ; petiole 1-4 in. Peduncles several, 2-3 in., glabrous; bracteo zl. bron ,
ovate, at the base of the pedicels. Flowers } in., greenish-white. Style glabrous.

Capsule subglobose, compressed, 2-valved.— An imperfectly known species which turns
lack in drying.

6. P. floribundum, JW. £ A. Prodr. 154; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate, margins waved, flowers small pubescen in
much-branched terminal compound corymbs, sepals ovate, ovary PP "lensi:
Royle Ill. 77; Wall. Cat. 8127 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 44. Ex ensi-
florum, Putterl. Monog. 9. Senacia nepalensis, DC. Prod. i, 347. Celastru:
verticillata, Roab. FI, Ind. 624, Ed. Wall. ii. 391.

Subtropical HIMALAYA, from Sikkim to Garwhal, ascending to 5000 ft. Kurasia
BILLS and Misum1; Western PENINsULA, Concan to the Nilghiri Mts. hining

A small tree; branches often umbelled. Leaves 2-8 by 1-3 in., glabrous, li n lina.
pale below, coriaceous. Corymbs sometimes leafy below; branches 1-3 in., T uate
glabrous or pubescent. Flowers numerous, yellow Sepals obtuse or acute, su as aro
tyle glabrous. Capsules piriform, glabrous, about 6-seeded.—Nilghiri speen Í is
Usually broader and shorter leaved than Himalayan. The African P. Mannii, H. f.,
nearly allied, but has a glabrous ovary.

tt Young branches pubescent or tomentose. Ovary tomentose in all.

7. P. dasycaulon, Miquel in Herb, Hohenack. 775 ; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or midrib beneath downy, flowers in ns
much-branched terminal compound tomentose corymbs, sepals ovate acu

Western PENINsULA; hills of Canara (pl. Hohenack.) ; Belgaum, Ritchie; Concan,
Gibson, ; 11 in., pale

A shrub or small tree; branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves 24-4 by 1- MAN
mn when dry, thin, coriaceous, margin subundulate ; young re. com ressed

wers white. Sepals ciliate. Anthers bright yellow. Capsule ee th P ia P.
ensely tomentose before dehiscence, about 6-seeded. —Flowers much larger

ribundum ; closely allied to P. abyssinicum, Hochst.

5, P. eriocarpum, Koyle IIl. 77 ; leaves ovate obovato or M ny
ceolate obtuse or acute, young floccose on both surfaces, owers d densely
compound many-flowered often umbellate corymbs, sepals lanceo

pentose, Wall. Cat. 8129, 8131, 9074. "

VESTERN HmmaLaya; in Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 3-7000 ft. y

A small tree; branches subverticillate, spreading ; young tomentose iat’ raetcolce
Variable, 3-8 by 13-23 in., adult pubescent beneath. P. dumeles 1- hort, glabrous.
Subulate, Flowers | in. long, pale yellow. Ovary tomentose; style short, g
Capsules rather large, tomentose, many-seeded, valves woody.

Mani ferrugineum, Ait; DC. Prodr. L 346; leaves lanceolate or
0 long-lanceolate acute or acuminate, young rusty pubescens narrow very
In many terminal subsimple corymbose racemes, sep

200 xv. PITTOSPOREZX. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Pittosporum. ,

acuminate. Wall. Cat. 8128; Benth. Fl. Austral. i. 112. P. ferrugineum
and Rumphii, Putterl. Monog. 7, 8.

EASTERN PENINSULA, from Moulmein to Sincapore, Wallich, &c.—DisrRrs. Eastern
Archipelago, Australia.

A spreading much branched tree ; young branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves 24-4 by
1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, adult glabrous and shining above, glabrous or pubescent be-
neath. Peduncles 1 in., rusty-pubescent. Flowers Y in. long, greenish white. Ovary
rusty-tomentose ; style very short, glabrous. Capsule slightly compressed, rough, about
4-seeded.—Aiton’s locality (Guinea) is no doubt an error.

Orver XVI. POLYGALEZS. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)

Annual or perennial herbs, erect or scandent shrubs, or timber trees.
Leaves alternate (rarely whorled) or occasionally reduced to scales or 9,
simple, quite entire. Stipules 0. Flowers irregular, 2-sexual, 3-bracteate.
Sepals 5, unequal, 2 inner often petaloid (wing-sepals), deciduous or persis-
tent, imbricate in bud. Petals 5 or 3, distinct, unequal, the inferior usually
keel-shaped. Stamens 8 (in Salomonia 4-5, in T'rigoniastrum 5) hypogynous,
filaments united into a sheath, more rarely distinct; anthers opening by
terminal pores, rarely by slits. Ovary free, 1-3-celled; style generally
curved, stigma capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell, anatropous. F7"
geuerally a 2-celled, 2-seeded, loculicidal capsule ; or indehiscent and 1-seeded,
or (in Z'rigoniastrum) of 3 indehiscent carpels, Seed usually strophiolate,
albuminous, rarely exalbuminous.—DisTris, The whole world except New
Zealand, chiefly in warm regions; genera 16 ; species 450-500.

Herbs or (more rarely) erect shrubs. Capsule loculicidal, 2-celled.
Stamens 8, united; 2 interior sepals alzeform . . . 1. POLYGALA.

Stamens 4-5, united; sepals petaloid, nearly equal . . . 2. SALOMONIA.
Climbing sbrubs.
Stamens 8, united; fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, samaroid . 3. SECURIDACA.

Trees or erect shrubs.
Stamens 5, united; fruit of 3 samaroid carpels . 2.4 TRIGONIASTRUS,
Stamens 8, distinct ; fruit 1-celled, not winged . . . . 5. XANTHOPHYLLON

1l. POLYGALA, Linn.

Herbs or more rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate. Sepals usually persistent 5
2 inner larger, usually petaloid. Petals 3, united at the base with m
staminal sheath, the inferior keel-shaped and generally crested. Stamens
filaments united for their lower half into a split sheath ; anthers opens
by pores. Ovary 9-celled ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. Caps" Tbu-
celled, loculicidal, 2-seeded. Seeds almost always strophiolate an
minous,—DisrRIB. Conterminous with the order, except Tasmania.
250 species,

Sect. I. Chameebuxus, Tourn. (genus). Shrubs with large hand-
some flowers. Calyx deciduous. Keel crested, Seeds with a large
phiole, exalbuminous.

1. P. arillata, Hamilt. in Don Prodr. 199 ; shrubby, leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, flowers yellow in drooping racemes or panicles. Of.
Pl. As, Rar. t. 100 ; Cat. 4191; Griff. Notul, iv. 535, t. 507; Le. PL Inns
t. 597. Chamebuxus arillata and paniculata, Hassk. in Mig. Ann.
Bot. i, 153, 154.

Polygala. | XVI. POLYGALEE. (A. W. Bennett.) 201

Susrror. and Temp. HIMALAYA, from Nipal eastward, alt. 2-6000 ft. Kuasta Mrs.,
-y 4-5000 ft. Western PrxissULA, Ava, CeyLon.—Disrris. Malayan Archipelago,
. China. .

Àn erect pubescent or nearly glabrous shrub, 4-8 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 4-24 in., lan-
&olate obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate ; petiole 4—4 in. Pincers lin.
long, in usually panicled racemes ; bracts linear, deciduous. Sepals very unequa ; ca-
ducous, upper very concave, 2 lower small, ovate; wings very large, ovate, red-purp e:
Corolla yellow. keel amply crested, united to the lateral petals for half their ens :

> H in., broad-reniform, rather fleshy, rugose when dry. Seeds large, globose ;
cotyledons fleshy.

Secr. IL Herbs, Flowers small. Calyx deciduous after flowering. Keel
hot crested. Seeds albuminous.

2 P. triphylla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 200 ; annual, glabrous, leaves

buste or elliptic long-petioled, racemes terminal many -towered
ess,

Temp, Hiwazaya, alt. 4-8000 ft.; from Sirmore to Sikkim. Knasra Mrs., Griffith ;
NTRAL INDIA, Vicary; Ava and Birma, Wallich. .
tem slender, 2-10 in, erect or ascending, weak, Leaves 4-2} in., membranous,
ous, obtuse or subacute, contracted into the petiole. Racemes 15-2 1n., sien r
wers Tyin., secund; bracts deciduous. Outer sepal small, ovate, „aout į dad
ser; wings petaloid, elliptic, equalling the corolla. Keel hooded, with 2 im te
terminal lobes ; lateral petals narrow. Capsule 3-4 in., orbicular, entire, ares.
inged, Seeds black, slightly hairy ; strophiole galeate, with 2 minute FE ag ular
“psules in some (diseased ?) Moulmein specimens, with unequal lobes, and irreguls
"y an wings. thulate, flowers pink. Foyle
AR, 1. triphylla proper ; leaves small orbicular or spathulate, flow E ;
Ilt. 19 D; P hyaline. Wall. Cat. 4181 ; Semeiocardium Hamiltonii, Hassk. in Miq.
drn. Mus. Bot. i 151. in. elliptic
Van, 2, glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 4182 (Sp.); leaves much larger 1-2 in. elliptic,

towers yellow. P. furcata, Royle Jil. t. 19, B. Semeiocardium hyalinum and glauces-
assk. l.c,

Secr. IIT. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, Calyz persistent. Keel
ested, Seeds albuminous.

* Braets Persistent, at least till the flower expands.

t Undershrubs, Racemes axillary, Wings petaloid, membranous, Stro-
2-appendiculate,

"a ' javana, DC. Prodr. i. 327 ; stems closely pubescent, leaves obovate
ii Vate-lanceolate mucronate, racemes many- flowered, bracts 29. Hassk
in gings triangular. W. d& A. Prodr. i. 38; Thwaites Enum., at YS
IP tin Ann. Mus, Bot. i 180. P. ceylanica, Heyne in Wall, Cat. '

mctoria Vahl - Hassk. Le. 181.

ESTERN PENINSULA and CevLos.—DisrniB. Java. . »
TS branched undershrub ; branches stout, strict, erect or spreading, leafy. Eins
"WD Usually obovate and apiculate, finely pubescent on both surfaces; P s e
Hin wee 1-34 in. sessile, stiff, few- or many-flowered, densely pu osos t

- ong ; pedicels pubescent ; bracts small, ovate. Outer sepals 7 ^ "q il; wings
short}, langular-ovate, angles rounded, exceeding the orbicular note p
y sti

: t
he saeg Pue. Seeds very hairy; strophiole galeate, appendages ovate,
e seed,

£ P. cro : . stems villous with
teadi; talarioides, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199; s irv cili
8 hairs, leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate apiculate hairy ciliate,

202 XVI. POLYGALEZ. (A. W. Bennett.) [ Polygala.

i i. 327.
racemes very short, bracts subulate, wings obovate. . DC. Prodr. i.
Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 185 ; Cat. 4176, and 8 pygmea, Cat. 4176 D (a dwarf
form). Royle Ill. t. 19 C; Hassk. in Mig. Mus. Bot. t. 164,

Temp. Himaxaya, alt. 4-7000.ft., from Chamba to Sikkim ; Kasra Mrs.

Stems 4-8 in., erect or ascending, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., tip rounded, ee e
not; petiole very short. Racemes very short, dense-flowered, rarely terminal. ` rit
4-1 in. long, very shortly pedicelled ; bracts minute. Wings with rounded tips,
as long as the capsule. Capsule broader than long, notched, strongly ciliate.
hairy ; strophiole with 2 small ovate appendages.

tt Herbs, Wings petaloid, membranous. Strophiole without appendages.

5. P. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mus. Senk. ii. 273 ; perennial, stems hav
glabrous, leaves narrow-linear, racemes terminal long lax-flowere ^P. Ge-
ovate, seeds covered with long hairs. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i 130. P. ag
rardiana, Wall. Cat. 4187; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus, 1. 173. P. sca
Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33. Š

Sustror. and Temp. HIMALAYA, alt. 3—8000 ft., from Marri to Kumaon, "ae
mont, &c.; PuwJAB at Moultan, Edgeworth.—Disrnis. Affghanistan ; Abyss
Natal. k, twiggy:

Branches 8-18 in., very numerous, slender, ascending from a woody stock, on
Leaves 4-4 in., very narrow, acuminate, scarcely petioled. Aaceme 2-6 ape
slender, naked. Flowers | in. long, secund or subsecund ; bracts caducous, narro C ap-
margins membranous as are the outer sepals. Wings obovate, obtuse, ner = A
sule obovate, emarginate, narrowly winged. Seeds densely hairy, hairs long
the seed ; strophiole galeate.

6. P. leptalea, DC. Prodr. i. 325; perennial, stems erect glas
habit of P. abyssinica, but racemes dense-flowered, flowers smaller, y
silky. Wall. Cat, 4189; Benth. Fl. Austral. i. 139; Hassk. in em
Mus. i 173. P. oligophylla, DC. l c. 325; Wall. Cat. 4188. P. j
Ham. in Don Prodr. 199.

° to
Susrror. HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Nipal; Benar; Kuasia MTS., ascending
4000 ft.; Ninaninu Mrs. ; Rangoon, Ava, CeyLon,—DIsrris. Australia. ften oblong-
Very similar to P. abyssinica. Stems deeply furrowed. Lower leaves o e tritt
lanceolate. Racemes 1-2 in, naked. Flowers $-} in., subsecund; bracts uch nar-
long as the buds, deciduous immediately after the flower expands. Wings m

rowed below. Strvphiole small, galcate.

iv, 42;
7. P. Hohenackeriana, Fisch. d: Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop te dt
hoary, stems many short from a perennial stock, leaves oblong lanc many-
obovate-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, racemes short termin d elliptic
flowered, upper outer sepal much the largest obtuse, wings br dohenacke
obtuse very membranous, capsule very broadly winged. P. Hohenackt"
riana var. Stocksiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 472. P. supina var. Ho
riana, Regel Pl. Raddi t. 7, 6, 12.

art-

Western PuwJAB, Attock, Vicary ; Waziristan, ascending to 3500 ft., Stew
Distrin. Affghanistan and Beluchistan, Persia, Caucasus. t Lewis

Stems 2-3 in., much branched from the base, suberect, hoary or pubescens, dense
1-3 in., pale, hoary, at length glabrous, nerveless. acemes }-§ 1n» Mp ’
flowered. Flowers drooping, nearly 3 in. long; pedicels short, bracts plong obtuse i
with broad scarious margins, upper linear-obovate, 2 lateral very small o us, orbi
wings white, veins very delicate not anastomosing. Capsule š in. ; glabrous 8
with a broad membranous wing. Seeds densely silky; strophiole with 2 appe

linear
8. P. persicariwfolia, JC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect, I ender,
or elliptic-lanceolate, racemes terminal aud extra-axillary, pede

Polygala.] XVI. POLYGALEEH. (A. W. Bennett.) 203

bracts subulate, wings broad-obovate, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii t. 184, Cat.
4185 ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 176 ; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 129.
P. Wallichiana, Wight HL i. t. 22 A. P. granulata, Hassk. l.c. 179. P. Bu-
chanani, Ham. in Don Prod. 199.

Temp. and Susrrop. HIMALAYA, alt. 5-9000 ft.; from Simla to E. Nipal. Kuasia
Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft.; Westers PENINSULA, from the Dekkan to Travancor—Distris.
rop. Africa and Australia. .

n erect or ascending slightly pubescent very much branched slender herb, 6-16 in.

ves 1-2 in, flaccid, hardly petioled. ^ Hacemes 1-2 in., slender, lax-flowered.
Flowers iin. long; bracts small, subulate, pedicels curved. Wings orbicular-obovate
or elliptic, obtuse, rather longer than the elliptic notched ciliate capsule. Seeds villous ;
strophiole small, galeate.

. 9. P. erioptera, DC. Prodr. i, 326 ; annual, erect or decumbent, leaves

ear linear-oblong or obovate, racemes axillary or extra-axillary few-
owered, wings obliquely oblong, with a strong green midrib, Wall. Cat.
3173 A; Deless. Ic, Sel. iii. t. 15. P. Vahliana, DC. Lc. 326; W. & A. Prodr.
L366. P. obtusata, DC. Lc. P. tomentosa, Vahl ex Heyne mss. P. triflora,
Oliv. FI, T Trop. Afric. i. 128 (not of Linn.).

The Poxjan; SciNpE; Besar; the Wesrern PENINSULA ; Ava; Birma.—Dustris.
Arabia, trop. Asia and Africa, (St. Vincent, introduced ?).

fry variable in habit; branches numerous, erect or spreading from the base, stout
v Sender, 4-10 in. high. Leaves 1-1 in. long, from obovate or almost obcordate to
very uarrow-linear. Racemes very short, 4-4 in. few-flowered. Flowers 1-1 in. ;

icels slender; bracts minute. Wings always membranous in fruit, glabrous or
pivescent, longer than the ovate notched pubescent capsule. Seeds densely hairy ;
strophiole galeate and inappendiculate.—Aden specimens have the root so woody as

appear perennial,

fff Herbs, Wings herbaceous. Strophole in- or 3-appendiculate.

10. P, glaucoides Li ght) ; wiry pubescent ex-

: nn. (not of Wight); stems wiry pubes
k vely numerous from a perennial stock, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanseo
Tw. racemes extra-axillary with slender peduncles 2-3 tlowered equa lling
e leaves or shorter, outer-sepals acuminate, wings oblong acute. .

"dr. i. 326; Wall. (Jat. 4171. 1P. confusa, Hassk. l.c. 165.

Crytoy ; on banks at Newera Ellia.

te. pe, in., pubescent or pil Leaves 1-3 in., glabrous or pilose, usually mu-
. pilose. Leaves 1-$ in., glabr ilose, usual,

mato. Racemes about equalling the leaves. # lowers à-& in. long; pedicels sl ni,

peümes longer; bracts subulate. Outer sepals subequal, ciliate ; wings en

“ie. Capsule broadly obcordate or didymous. Seeds some what curved, slig ity

of pu strophiole half the length of the seed, 3-appendiculate.—The two foilowing form

Plant are probably distinct species. uu

P = 1. hirsutula, Arn. Pugill. 4 tap.) ; leaves broadly elliptic-ovate acute flat opaque.

iu. i pgg P hirsutula, Thwaites Enum. 22; P. hypoglauca, Hassk. in Mw. Ann.

AE leaves linear-oblong acute shining nerved. P. rosmarinifolia and mucro-
|I Enum, 22. P. arvensis B, Thwaites l.c. 400.

ll. P, elon "oq . y, iii 9: annual, erect or
^ Sata, Klein in Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 879; , "
Scending, slender, leaves linear or linear-oblong obtuse acute or mucro-
pala |. mes extra-axillary many-flowered longer than the leaves, PDC
Prog, RCeolate. acuminate, wings very oblique. Wall. Cat. 4168; Mi
aw. l 332; W, & A. Prodr. 38; Thwaites Enum. 22; Hank. d ^3 7
Hants i 172. P. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4190; W. & A. Pn AA:
ak Lo. P. campestris, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Dot. u. 40; Datz,

904 XVI. POLYGALEJX. (A. W. Bennett.) [ Polygala.

Gibs, Fl. Bomb. 13 (not of Benth.). P. macrostachya and eumekes, Hassk.
lc. 171, 172.

Western PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. Cryton, Walker. m

Stems 6—10 in., branching from the base, glabrous pilose or pubescent. Leaves D
by 45-4 in. acuminate, margins thickened, costa prominent beneath, n pper s icels
often shining. Racemes 3-5 in., laxly many-flowered. lowers 3 in., yel ow; n "i
slender; bracts minute Outer sepals subequal; wings equalling the corolla, a ea a
obovate or hatchet-shaped, acute obtuse or acuminate. Capsule didymous, narro E
upwards, narrowly winged, notched, glabrous. Seeds villous ; strophiole galeate, appe
dages 3, very small.—P. Wightiana is the narrower leaved form.

12. P. chinensis, Linn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, leaves from pir
cular-oblong or obcordate to narrow linear, racemes short axillary als
extra-axillary dense-flowered, flowers horizontal or pendulous, outer m
small ovate, wings very oblique acute, P. arvensis, Willd. Sp. PL a bt
DC. Prod. i. 326; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 218; W. & A. Prodr. 1. 36 ; gt y 4
Enum, 400. 1 P. prostrata, Willd. l.c. 896; DC. l.c. 333. P. Rothiana, b ia
Prodr. i. 37; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 162. P. Tranque tt in
Mart, ex Hb. Wight. 135; W. & A. Prodr. i. 37. P. glaucoides, AZ
Wall. Cat. 4171 (not of Linn.). P. grandiflora, Hb. Wight., Wall. Ca " Not.
P. brachystachya, DC. Lc. 326 (not of Blume). P. procumbens, Roth 1
Sp. 329 ; DC. l.c. 326. P. exigua, Hassk. l.c. 173.

Throughout India, from the Puxz4n to Peau, and in the Westers PENINSULA, and
Cryton.—Distris. Trop. Asia and Australia. + high, glabrous
A most variable, usually procumbent, leafy, rather stout herb ; 3-10 in. high, late at
or pubescent. Leaves excessively variable, 1-2 in. long, sometimes quite obco ub s-
others almost orbicular, rather thick and coriaceous, glabrous, ciliate, hoary, passa
cent, margins usually flat, opaque. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, oth
almost capitate. Flowers i-i in. long. Wings longer than the suborbicu oS Yum.
ciliate narrowly winged capsule, green, falcate, obovate, acute, margins nen gst
Crest of corolla often small. Seeds silky ; strophiole with 3 very short appen vas dolle
Linneus having described the crest as unbearded, this was not identified by De The spe-
with Willdenow’s arvensis, but was placed in another section of the genus. diate or
cimens in the Linn. Herb. are however decisive. It is linked by either interme
mimicking forms with various other species. . the leaves,
Van. triflora, Linn. (Sp.), racemes elongate, sometimes twice as long as Wall. Cat.
lax-flowered. P. multibracteata, Wall. Cat. 4174. P. ramosa, Hb. Wight., — Chiefly
4177. P. ciliata, Hb. Wight. P. Kleinii, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. 1, 158.
in the Western Peninsula. der prostrate,
Var. brachystachya, Blume Bijd. 59 (Sp., not of DC.); stems very slender B ds in.
leaves very narrow glabrous, racemes very slender few-flowered, flowers mne a? (P.
long. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 157. Malacca, Griffith. Western Penins ars are
glabra, Heyne in Herb. Wight.) (Java).—Perhaps a distinct species, the flo
remarkably small and the habit is peculiar.

n
13. P. rosmarinifolia, W. A, Prodr. i. 37; annual, Mey and
sleuder erect or decumbent, leaves narrow linear, racemes axi d er
extra-axillary short erect few-flowered, flowers shortly pedicellé ciliate.
outer sepals acute, wings obliquely obovate acuminate, Caps at 4169.
Thwaites Enum. 22, 400. P. Tranquebarica, Wight in Wall. i 159.
1P. Arnottiana, Steud, Nomencl. 370; Hassk. in Miq. Ann. M ding to
P. triflora, Hassk. Lc. 175 (not Linn.. P. linarifolia, Heyne acco
Hassk. le

Sonthern parts of the Western PENINSULA and CEYLON.

N rous oF
Stems many from the root, 4-18 in., twiggy, pubescent. Leaves 3-2 M- glab

Polygala. | XVI. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 205

pubescent, narrow-linear very rarely oblong or narrowed to the base erect, or suberect,
margin often thickened or recurved, midrib strong. Flowers } in. long, few, green,
erect, which gives a remarkable habit to the plant. Capsule as in P. chinensis but
usually hairy on the surfaces as well as on the margins.—The erect leaves aud flowers
seem to afford a good character for this.

** Bracts caducous (before flowering). Strophiole 3-appendiculate.

14 P. sibirica, L. ; stems many slender ascending from a perennial
stock, leaves from orbicular to elliptic-lanceolate and linear shining margins
often recurved, racemes axillary and extra-axillary sub-erect laxly few- or
many-flowered, outer sepals subequal oblong ovate or lanceolate, crest usually

ge, wings obliquely oblong or obovate obtuse or acute, capsule rather
broadly winged glabrous not ciliate. DC. Prodr. i. 324; Ledeb. Ic. t. 448.

Japonica, Houtt. Syst. 8, t. 62, f. 1; DC. Le. ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i.
181. P. vulgaris, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 277 (not of Linn. P. elegans, Wall.
Cat. 4186 ; Hassk. Lc, 176. P. myrsinites, Royle Ill. t. 19 A. P. Khasiana,
Hassk, Lc.176. P. monopetala, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 27; Polyg. sp.
3, Grif. ; Notul. iv. 337, Ic. Pl. t. 597.

Temp. and Susrrop. Himaxaya, alt. 1-6000 ft. (8000 in Sikkim), from the Punjab
and N.W. frontier to Bhotan; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.; Ninanim Mrs. (var. 1);
Certon (var. 2).—Disrri. China, Japan, Siberia. .

. ‘ery variable, but quite distinct from any other Indian species, usually best recog-
nised by the shining reticulate upper surfaces of the elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and
slender extra-axillary racemes, rather large (4-4 in.) and conspicuous erect flowers ; but
all these characters are excessively variable.—Stems 3-18 in., pubescent. Leaves 4-2in.

acemes 1-3 in.; bracts deciduous or persistent. Outer sepals short or long, obtuse
acute or acuminate. Win gs straight or oblique, membranous or subherbaceous, obtuse or
acute, rarely acuminate. Capsules always glabrous, with a broader wing than in
-Chinensis, Seeds pilose; strophiole with usually 3 short appendages. i

art: Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4184 (Sp.) ; stouter, leaves linear oblong coriaceous,
midrib stout, margins usually strongly recurved, wings herbaceous acuminate, appen-
dages of the strophiole larger.— W. & A. Prodr. i. 38. Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus i.
160.—Pulney and NıLemri Mrs. Obviously a form of P. japonica, from which some
Specimens are hardly distinguishable. f y

AR. 2. macrolophos, Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. i. 167 (Sp.); stems 1-2 ft. very
slender, leaves l-1} in. broadly elliptic or lanceolate subacute flat, nerves obscure, cuter
sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous. P. glomerata and pedunculosa, Thwaites Enum.

0 (not of Lour.) Ceylon, Adam's Peak, &c., alt. 4-7000 ft.—A very large form,
quite unlike the usua] states.

15. P. telephioides, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 876; annual, stems prostrate
short leafy, leaves small ‘glabrous ‘often imbricate very thick obovate or
oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small fascicled on very short extra-
axillary peduncles, outer sepals acute, wings herbaceous oblique acuminate,
; psule glabrous margined not ciliate. DC. Prodr. i. 332; W. € A. ñ roar.
; - Serpyllifolia, Poir. Dict. v. 499; DC. l.c. 326. P. buxitormis,

` m Mig. Mus. Bot. i. 161.

pe ESTERN PENINSULA, Carnatic and Travancor; CEYLoN.—DISTRIB. Indian Archi-
lago, Chin

very many, pin an annual woody root, not exceeding 2-4 in. high in our numerous
"asuy from various collectors ; ubescent, Leaves sessile, 1-3 1n., margine usually
as tved. ers}, in. long. Capsule j, in. long and broad, deeply notche ^i tin :
TElned, Seeds minute, silky; strophiole minutely appendaged.—A Ta is inot
fem easily recognised by its dwarf stature, the thick short leaves, small flowers an
, and glabrous small capsule that is not winged.

206 XVI. POLYGALEZX. (A. W. Bennett.) [ Polygala.

16. P. glomerata, Lour. Fl. Coch. 426; stems tall erect or ascending,
leaves large from broad-ovate and oblong to elliptic lanceolate and linear,
racemes extra-axillary very short, 2-3-flowered flowers drooping, outer
sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous hatchet-shaped acuminate and awned,
capsule narrowly winged strongly ciliate. DC. Prod. i. 326. P. densiflora,
Blume Bijd. 59; Hassk. in Mig. Mus. Bot. i. 166. P. depauperata, Wall.
Cat. 4180. |

Eastern HIMALAYA, hot valleys of Sikkim, alt. 1-6000 ft.; OUDE; Assam; Kuasia
Mrs., alt. 0—5000 ft. ; Tenasserim —Disrris, Eastern Archipelago, China.

Stems many from a woody stock, 1-2 ft. high, densely pubescent, curved. Leaves
very variable, 14-24 in., flat, glabrous or hairy, not veined, sessile or shortly petioled,
sometimes cordate. Racemes scattered, small; peduncles shorter than the flowers,
which are 1-1 in. long, green. Outer sepals subequal, acute, ciliate. Crest very sma ñ
Capsule tin. broad and long, 2-lobed. Seeds large, silky, obovoid ; strophiole with 3short
appendages.—Thwaites's specimen named glomerata resembles it in habit, bat differs
totally in the capsule and seed; they no doubt belong to a large state of P. japonica
(see var. elata).

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,

P. linarifolia, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 877 (linearifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 326).
P. procumbens, Roth. Nov. Sp. 329; DC. Prodr. i. 326.—Ind. Or.
P. varians, Mart. DC. l.c. 332.— Bengal.

P. umbrosa, Mart. DC. l.c.—Bengal.

P. macropetala, Hassk. l.c., perhaps P. japonica var. 2.

2. SALOMONIA, Lour.

Leafy diffuse annuals, or (Sect. ErrRHIZANTHES) parasites, with leaves
reduced to scales. Flowers minute, in dense terminal spikes. Sepals nearly
equal, 2 interior somewhat larger. Petals 3, united at the base with the
staminal tube, the inferior keel-shaped, galeate, not crested. Stamens 4-5,
filaments united for their lower half into a sheath ; anthers opening
pores. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with one pendulous ovule. Capsule muc
compressed laterally, 2-celled, loculicidal, margins toothed. Seeds albu-
minous, not or scarcely strophiolate.— DisTRIB, Species about 8, natives a
Eastern tropical Asia and tropical Australia.

Sect. I. Salomonia, DC. Stems leafy.

1. S. cantoniensis, Zour, Fl. Coch. 14; stem winged, leaves cordate-
ovate shortly petioled, spikes rather lax, capsule with triangular tee
Wall. Cat. 4192; DC. Prodr. i. 334; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 44; Mu. Flor. ask.
Ind. i. pt. 2, 127 ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 144, &, subrotunda, H
l.c.—Salomonia, sp. 3 in Griff. Notul. iv. 539.

EASTERN BENGAL; Assam; Kuasta Mrs, alt. 0-4000 ft.; EASTERN PENINSULA.
Disrris. Malayan Archipelago. th

A weedy erect much-branched diffuse annual, 3-6 in. Leaves large, paler benen si
Spikes numerous, terminal, lax below, denser above. Bracts minute, ear 1 deciduom

lowers minute, quite sessile. Sepals linear-subulate. Petals united below, the t Be
lateral shorter than the keel. Capsule very small, broader than long, armed with a TO
of recurved triangular teeth. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.

X 2 S. ciliata, DC. Prodr. i. 334 ; stem furrowed, leaves sessile corde
amplexicaul ciliate, spike very dense, capsule with filiform teeth. P

Sulomonia. | XVI. POLYGALEÆ. (A. W. Bennett.) 207

data, Arn. Pug. Ind. 4; Wight. Ill. i. t. 22 C; Thwaites Enum. 22 excl,
synons,) ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. i. 145. 18. angulata, rif.
Mohd. iv. 539. Polygala ciliata, Linn.

CEvrox, in swampy ground. .

Stouter than S. cantoniensis. Stem erect, glabrous, furrowed, scarcely winged.
Leaves small, strongly ciliate. Flowers crowded, small, pink, sessile. Sepals lanceo-
late, ciliate. Capsule small, broader than long, with a row of red filiform teeth. Seeds
black, shining, with a small membranous strophiole.— Wight and Arnott are in error
mn taking Linneus’s Polygala ciliata for a true Polygala. The specimen in Herb.

urman, in the British Museum, clearly shows it to be a Salomonia, and idertical with
Amott’s S. cordata.

3. S. oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 354 ; leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceo-
late not ciliate, teeth of capsule filiform. Hassk. in Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-
Dat. i. 147; Arn, Pug. Ind. 4; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 19. S. sessiliflora,
Ham. in Don Prodr. 201. 8. obovata, Wight HH. i.t. 22 B. 8. canarana,
ngida, ?Horneri, ? uncinata and ?setosa-ciliata, Hassk. lc. 147, 148, 149.
IS, stricta, Sieb. et Zucc, Abh. d. k. baier. Akad. d. Wiss, iv. 2, 152. S. lep-
tostachya, Wall. Cat. 4193. Polygala canarana and Arnottiana, Hassk. l.c.

Susrrop. Himataya, from Nipal to Sikkim; Knasta Mrs.; EASTERN and WESTERN

ENINSULAS ; CEYLON.— DISTRIB. Malayan Archipelago, Australia. .

A simple or branched annual. Leaves larger than in S. ciliata, sessile, not cordate,
7 arginswith a few long distant hairs. Bracts linear, often persistent at time of flower-
mg. Flowers crowded, small, pink. Sepals nearly equal, lanceolate, slightly ciliate.
Lateral petals much shorter than keel. Capsule small, with a row of red teeth. Seeds

ack, shining, not strophiolate.— Very near the last, but probably distinct. -

4 S. edentula, DC. Prodr, i. 334; stem much-branched winged,
leaves cordate-triangular very shortly petioled, capsule scarcely toothed.
ask, in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat, 1. 146; Wall. Cat. 4194. S. petiolata,
Ham, in Don Prodr, 200,
Nirat, Wallich.

low, glabrous annual Spi Fl inute. Bracts
i . . ikes lax below, denser above. Flowers min

lutte, deciduous, Sepals very small, ovate. Lateral petals broad and nearly as
tenth as the galeate keel. Capsule very small, membranous, not ciliate, minutely
d. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate.

Seer. II. asitic ; leaves 0 or re-
duced to s ala Pirhizanthes, Blume (gen.. Par ;

DE aphylla, Grif. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 342. S. parasitica, Grif.
‘IV. 538. S. tenella, Hook. f. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxii. 158.

wasa and TExssgnIM, Griffith.—Disrnim. Borneo. Burmannia (Griff)
em 3 -6i Parasite, associated with Thismia Brunoniana and a urmo: nia (Grift).
scales jn» ascending, sparingly divided. Leaves reduced to a few dist an brown
flowerin Pures numerous, elongated, very dense. Bracts minute, persistent pfer
ranous | wers minute, brown. Sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Caps

nous, broad

late strophicle r than long, not ciliate. Seeds minute, black, with a small appendicu-

3. SECURIDACA, Linn.

Shrubs, al in termi illary usuall

x à most always scandent. Flowers in terminal or axillary usual
Lud ound racemes. Nepals deciduous, 2 inner (wings) larger and petaloid.
Petals petals nearly or quite distinct from the galeate crested keel, superior
0. Stamens 8, filaments united; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by

t

208 XVI. POLYGALEX. (A. W. Bennett.) [Securidaca.

oblique pores. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Fruit a 1-celled samara, 1-seeded,
wing broad coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous, estrophiolate. — DISTRIB.
Species about 25; most numerous in tropical America, rarer in tropical
Africa and Asia.

1. S. Tavoyana, Wall. Cat. 4196; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong
minutely pubescent beneath, flowers in loose subcorymbose panicles, wings
elliptic. S. scandens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4195 (not of Jacq.) ; Hassk. m
Miq. Ann. Mus. i.190. S. paniculata, Wall. (not of Lamk.) S. inap-
pendiculata, Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 295. Lophostylis javanica, Mig. Fl. Ned.
Ind. i. pt. 2, 128,

Eastern Benaat, from Silhet and Chittagong to Rangoon.—Disrris. Java, China.

A large woody scandent shrub; branches striate, branchlets puberulous. Leaves
3-5 by 14-2 in., generally acuminate, glabrous, paler beneath. Flowers } in., the
lower with considerably longer (4 in.) pedicels than the upper. Outer sepals nearly
equal, ovate, shortly ciliate ; wings elliptic, obtuse. Lateral petals adnate at the base
to the keel, truncate; keel with a conspicuous but scarcely fimbriate crest. Ovary
orbicular; style unilateral, curved at right angles near the tip. Samara 24-3} W.;
nucleus very rugose ; wing very large and strongly veined, oblique, tip rounded, margin
entire, veins arched.

2. S. bracteata, 4. W. Benn. ; leaves elliptic puberulous beneath,
flowers in panicled racemes, wings orbicular, wing of fruit stronglyevein

Mataceoa, Maingay.

A large scandent shrub; branches terete, hoary-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, acu-
minate, margins revolute when dry, beneath finely pubescent glaucous. lowers 4
iw., pedicels § in. Bracts ovate, acuminate, pubescent, persistent after flowering.
Outer sepals nearly equal, large, ovate, very hairy, ciliate: wings scarcely twice as long,
pubescent externally. Lateral petals truncate; keel with a recurved, plaited crest.
Orary orbicular; style curved. Fruit unknown. Samara 3-3} in., similar to that 0
S. Tavoyana, but contracted for a longer space above the nucleus.

4, TRIGONIASTRUM, Miquel.

A shrub or small tree. Zeaves hoary beneath. Flowers in slender ter-
minal panicles. Petals 5, unequal, the inferior keel-shaped. Stamens 9,
filaments united into a sheath. Ovary densely hairy, 3-locular; © p
pendulous, solitary in each cell. Fruit of 3 samaroid ultimately almost
distinct carpels. Seeds 1 in each carpel, not strophiolate.

1. T. hypoleucum, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 395. Isopteris penan
giana, Wall. Cat. 7261.

Penana Porter; Malacca Maingay. +

Branches slender, terete; branchlets hoary. Leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in., elliptic
lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, pale beneath and with very fine adpressed pubescence
petiole 45-1 in. Panicles much branched, lax, slender. Flowers } in. diam., 800
pedicelled, tomentose. Sepals 5, 2 exterior rather larger. Ovary densely hairy
Samara 2 in. long, membranous, dimidiate-obovate, strongly reticulate, sh ?
nucleus small.

5. XANTHOPHYLLUM, Roxburgh.

Timber-trees. eaves large, coriaceous, generally yellow-green. sepali
5, nearly equal. Petals 5 or 4, nearly equal, the inferior keel-shaped,
crested. Stamens 8, distinct, 2 hypogynous, 6 attached to the base
petals. Ovary stipitate, l-celled ; style curved ; ovules various 1n num

Xanthophyllum.] xvi. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 209

and insertion. Fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous,
estrophiolate.—DrsTRIB. Species about 15. Most abundant in the Archi-

lago and Malacca; a few species are Continental Indian, and one is
. Australian.

* Ovules 4-8, rarely more (8-14 in X. affine).

l. X. flavescens, Roxb. Vor. Pl. iii. t, 248; leaves coriaceous elliptic:
lanceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry, panicle di use
closely pubescent, sepals unequal, ovary and style strigose, fruit gla! rous.
W. & A. Prodr. 39. X. paniculatum, M iguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. L bn
X. Arnottianum, undulatum, and Roxburghianum, Wight HL 1. 50; I
Flor. Sylvat, ( Anal.) t. 3.—Rheede Hort. Malab. iv. t. 23.
East BENGAL; Silhet, and Chittagong. WESTERN PENiwsULA. CEYLow.—DisTRib.
Sumatra, Java. J i h reti-
A timber tree. Leaves 4-7 by 13-3 in., shining above, less so and veins att rod
culated beneath, with 5—7 principal nerves on each side, and more or less iow her
perforated glands (which are sometimes absent) at the axils of the nerves or el sew ier
"lowers 3-1 in. long, yellow ; pedicels very variable, à-$ in. Sepals unequal, subor,
bicular, finely tomentose. Ovary globose, densely strigose ; ovules 4, 2 erect M
pendulous, or more numerous and subhorizontal Fruit globose, jm. diam, bet ecn
wards, walls very thick, green.—Very variable. I am unable to distinguish, between
xburgh’s flavescens and virens, both usually having pitted glands on the lea beneath,
except by the long pedicels of the latter, the Ceylon specimens of which have d " a-
m the Silhet ones usually the same, whilst the Peninsula ones vary 4-9, and Sum:
ran specimens are 4-ovuled. : i i
AR. 1. flavescens proper ; leaves broad, panicle close axillary or terminal, pedicels
short, ovules 4-12. Chittagong and Western Peninsula (Sumatra, Java). ) ly 4
AR. 2. angustifolium, Wight Ill. 50, t. 23 (sp.); leaves narrower, ovules usually 4.
e Fl. Syloat. Anal. Gen. t. 3 . illary, pedicels
Var. 3. virens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 248 (sp.); panicles short Supra-a*, Qo» "n l
Very slender, ovules 4. X. flavescens, Roxb. ?; Wight Lc.; Beddome Fl. Sy jo
Gen. t. 3. Ceylon, Silhet ; Paupanassum hills (Travancor ?), alt. 2-3000 ft., Be .

2. X. affine, Korth. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 271; leaves coriaceous oblong-
or elliptic-lanceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry. » panicles
ty and terminal ditfuse tomentose, sepals unequal, ovary glabrous,
Style strigose, X. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4198, not of Roxb.

ay. —Disrris.
Easteny PENINSULA; Tenasserim to Malacca and Penang, Wallich, px
Umatra, Java, Borneo.

like the X. Jlavescens, that the larger leaves, rather larger flowers, oe Tho
oval calyx, and glabrous larger ovary, alone distinguish it in the dried state.
e8 va +

| i thick-
walled. > from 8-14, and the fruit is quite glabrous, green, globose and thic

à X. glaucum, Wall, Cat. 4199 ; branches very slender, leaves usually
Membranous elliptic or lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves very
humerous 8-10 on each side, panicle large open lax, branches long tomen-
Ho caly X pubescent or tomentose, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous.

-n Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 193,
Eastern Pex

INSULA; Rangoon and Tenasserim in moist places.

i: small tree ; branches. terete, very slender, dark red-brown, glabrous, — _

by 1-1} ln., rather abruptly acuminate, quite glabrous, finely rewena * pon le

esa! fi rae T ih og ling way slender tangu Spl
esie 678 4-§ in. diam., and slender pedicels putescent,

in Yossie, vovere Vh dense strigose hairs, ovules 4. Fruit disti "shed by its

VOL L. cens, 4-4 in. diam., quite smooth and glabrous.—Easily T

210 XVI. POLYGALEJ. (A. W. Bennett.) [Xanthophyllum.

slender habit, and. glaucous membranous leaves, which are very pale beneath, with
numerous slender much reticulated veins.

4. X. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; branches usually robust, leaves very coria-
ceous elliptic or elliptic lanceolate acute or acuminate with few (5-6) prin-
cipal nerves on each side glaucous beneath, panicle spreading tomentose,
calyx pubescent, ovary and style strigose.

Mercus, Grifith, Helfer; Mauacca, Maingay. .

Very much more robust than X. glaucum, with very coriaceous leaves, 3-5 1n.
long; branches very dark brown, smooth, terete; branchlets often extra-axillary with
two opposite lateral coriaceous oblong scales at the base (persistent first leaves of
the bud). Flowers nearly 1 in. long, on short stout pedicels, smaller in the Mergu!
specimens, and darker when dry. Sepals orbicularovate, subequal. Petals Jinear-
spathulate, glabrous, except the pubescent keel. Ovary sessile and style strigose,
ovules 4. Fruit in a Mergui species the size of a pea, slightly pubescent, shining
(perhaps immature).

Large leaved specimens of this or a closely allied species, gathered in the Andamans
by Helfer, but without flowers, resemble the leaves of X. acuminatissimum, Miquel.

5. X. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; branches very slender, leaves membranous
elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate not glaucous beneath, prin-
cipal nerves 5-6 on each side, racemes slender simple and panicled, calyx
pubescent, ovary and style strigose, fruit densely pubescent.

Maracea, Griffith, Maingay.

_ Branches glabrous, pale yellow-brown, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by 14-14
in pale green when dry, sometimes almost white beneath, but scarcely glaucous ;
petiole very slender, 5-1 in. Racemes 1-2 in., axillary and terminal, the latter often
panicled, branches very slender finely pubescent with pale buff down. Flowers lax,
4 in. long ; pedicels short, slender, Sepals unequal, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, buff-pubescen Ë:
Petals glabrous, except the keel. Ovary and style strigose, ovules 4. Fruit $ m.
diam., globose ; walls thick, rugose when dry.

** Ovules numerous. (See also 2. X. affine.)
t Flowers panicled,

6. X.stipitatum, A. W. Benn. ; branches very slender, leaves mag
branous elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves 1n r
tinct, racemes sparingly branched pubescent, calyx puberulous ciliate, ovary

cottony stipitate.

Maracca, Maingay.

Branchlets glabrous, dull brown. Leaves 2 by 3 in. dull pale le
dry, rather coriaceous, shining above, opaque beneath, with very obscure , lon
petiole ;'; in. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches long, slender. Towers an. 10 P
dull red, shorter than the slender pedicels. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong, or
puberulous. Petals about twice as long, ciliate when young. Filaments villous K A
the middle. Ovary narrowed into a glabrous stipes, and base of style loosely C10
with white cottony hairs; ovules 10-12.

aden-brown when
cure nerves,

yeath rusty oF
uminate,
tose,

7. X. rufum, 4. W. Benn. ; branchlets stoutand leaves bet
rufous pubescent, leaves very coriaceous elliptic-ovate or oblong ac
nerves beneath few very stout, panicle large and calyces red-tomen
ovary and style densely villous, fruit pubescent.

Matacca, Maingay. 5-7 by

A large timber tree; branchlets very stout, densely tomentose. Leaves ta and

14-3 in., clothed beneath with soft spreading pubescence, especially on pare poler;
u

nerves (6 on each side), pale yellow when dry, upper surface opaque,

Aawhophyllum.] XVI. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 21

tile 3-4 in. Panicle 6-10 in., branches stout, densely clothed with yellow-brown
end branchlets and calvces ruddy brown. lowers 2 in. long; pedicels
shorter than the sepals, bracts large, oblong. Sepals subequal, coriaceous, or icu ar,
deciduous, densely tomentose within and without. Petals three times as long, nar-
towly falcate-lanceolate, glabrous, except the broad tomentose keel. Filaments pilose
at the base. Ovary sessile, rigid (when dry) and style densely pubescent to the top ;
ovules 14-16. Fruit dry (immature obscurely angled).

tt Flowers racemose, racemes rarely panicled.

8. X. obscurum, A. W. Benn. ; branchlets stout, leaves very thickly
coriaceous stout-petioled oblong obtuse glabrous dark brown, when ry,
Rcemes very short stout axillary few-flowered, calyx glabrous ciliate, ovary
and style glabrous,

Sixcarore, Maingay.

, A large timber tree. ; branchlets woody, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-4 in, exceed

ugly thick, shining above, nerves 8-10 on each side reticulate, dark brown st en dry ;

Role 4 in, very stout. JZacemes 1-1} in., stout, suberect, dark, ew flow h m
lowers 4-¥ in, long. Sepals unequal, orbicular, tips minutely ci inte stals el

Spathulate, subequal, glabrous, except on the claw and pubescent keel Ovary

and style quite glabrous; ovules 15-16 (Maingay).

9. X. insign . W. Benn. ; branchlets stout glabrous, leaves long-
Petioled very coriaceous overs or elliptic-oblong obtuse glabrous, racemes
ample short stout axillary and terminal, pedicels curved, sepals ciliate,
ovary sessile and style glabrous,

Matacca, Mainga .

wee not lofty; tr ick ; ite glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by 13-23 in.,
y: trunk thick; branchlets quite g 5-6 by
base acute, dark brown when dry, shining above, nerves 6-8 on each side, loosely
mi, IM^: petiole 3-1 in., very thick. Racemes 3-4 in., sometimes panic ed i
Beet the branches, Flowers 4-$ in. long, handsome, almost blac when dry:
whi p pa equal, suborbicular, puberulous. Petals spathulate, subequal, excep
C

is larger and silky near the tip; claw pubescent. Ovary ovoid; style slightly
erved; ovules 12-14.

la ellipticum, Korth. in Mig. Ann, Mus. i. 276; wholly glabrous,
faves rath

mate not
Süberect. cal

-—Disrris. Borneo.

,
} . ]
Teti ranchlets slender or stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-14 in., glossy abere bown when
d ‘culated 9n both surfaces principal nerves about 6 on each side, pale
Ty; petiole 1 ; ;

; . lon
al 4 In. Racemes 1-3 in., rachis rather stout, angled. Powers i in. long,
Most black ry; pedicels equalling the calyx. Sepals orbicular, Fons.
Petals twice as long, very narrow, all quite glabrous. rait 3 in.
m „vary and slender style perfectly glabrous; ovules a There is a very
fiint Sessile, chestnut-brown when dry with thin crustaceous walls.—
Pubescence on the buds and pedicels of the Bornean specimens.

OrdER XVII. FRANKENIACEZE. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.)
An

‘alpen or perennial herbs or undershrubs, with articulate branches.

; i forks of
Opposite, small, exsti ulate. Flowers small, solitary in the J
the ranches, regular, "hermaj 'hrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent with
isi :

ons, induplicate valvate in bud. Petals equalling the sepals in
“YPogynous, free; claw with an adherent scale, im rica °

humber

212 XVII. FRANKENIACEH. (M. P. Edgeworth.)

Stamens 4 or more, free, or connate at the base ; anthers versatile, 2-celled.
Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled ; style slender, stigma 2-5-lobed ; ovules many
in two rows, amphitropous with the micropyle below; funicles slender.
Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, openiug by as many valves as there
are placentas. Seeds oblong or ovoid, hilum sub-terminal, raphe linear,
testa crustaceous ; embryo straight, in the centre of mealy albumen.—

single genus, with about 12 species, natives of dry sandy and especially
saline tracts.

1. FRANKENTIA, Linn.

i. F. pulverulenta, Linn. ; annual, prostrate, leaves obovate retuse
or hoary beneath, calyx glabrous.—Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 779.

Plains of the PuxzAB and SiNpm, on Sola land.—Disrris. Eastward to S. Europe,
Senegal, and S. Africa. .

A slender, exceedingly branched, diffuse herb ; branches wiry, leafy, 6-18 1n. Jone.
Leaves §-} in., very shortly petioled. Flowers pink, shorter than the leaves. Calyt
cylindric, strongly ribbed. Petals small.

Order XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZE. ( By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.,
& J. D. Hooker.)

Herbs, rarely undershrubs ; branches opposite, usually jointed and
thickened at the joints. Leaves opposite, quite entire or serrulate, often
connate ; stipules scarious or 0., Flowers rarely 1-sexual. Sepals 4-5, tree or
connate, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-5, rarely 0, inserted on a hypogy ehe
ring, rarely perigynous. Stamens 8 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted with t
petals ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel opening lengthwise. Disk small an
annular, or elongated into a gynophore, or broken up into glands. Ovary
free, l-celled, or imperfectly 3-5-celled ; styles 2-5, free, or conn a n
into a single style, stigmatose on the inner side ; ovules 2 or many, o3
slender basal funicles, or with the funicles united into a column, amp
tropous, Capsule membranous or crustaceous, rarely fleshy, opening, M
valves equal 1n. number or double that of the styles, rarely indehiscer "
bursting irregularly. Seeds few or many, rarely solitary, reniform glo ose
obovoid or flattened on one side; hilum marginal or central, abu
mealy, rarely fleshy ; embryo usually more or less curved and surroun m-
the albumen, nearly straight in the discoid seeds, cotyledons narrow nine
bent, rarely accumbent.— DrsTRIB. Cosmopolitan, but chiefly Arctic, < prs
European and W. Asiatic ; Genera 35, species about 800.

ved and
TRIBE I. Silenege. Calyx gamosepalous, 4-5-lobed. Petals clawed -
stamens inserted on an elongate gynophore (rarely sessile). Styles tree
Stipules 0.

. te,
Subtribe l. DiANTBEX. Capsule dehiscent; styles 2. Seeds pelta
hilum facial; embryo straight.

Calyx bracteate, striate MM 1. DiANTHUR
Calyx bracteate or not, 5-15-nerved . . . . . . . . 2. TUNOA

0
Subtribe 2, DmvPrpr, Capsule indehiscent. Hilum lateral ; embry
curved,

Calyx 5-15-nerved. Styles 2 3. Aca

yTHOPHYLLOM,

XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 213

Subtribe 3. Lycunrpex. Capsule bursting by short or long valves.
um lateral ; embryo annular.
Calyx 5-nerved. Capsule 1-celled, deeply 4-valved; styles 2-3 4. Gvrsornira.
Calyx veined. Capsule shortly 4-valved; styles 2 < . . . 5. BAPONARIA.
Calyx 10-% -nerved. Capsule partially 3-celled, shortly 3—6-
valved; styles 3... . . . . ,. , , , 5... , . 6. SILENE.
Calyx 10-nerved. Fruit fleshy; styles 3. . . . . . . . V. CUCUBALUS.
Calyx 10-nerved. Capsule shortly 4-5- or 8-10-valved ; styles 5 8. Lycunis.

TRE II. Alsineee. Sepals free, or connate at the base only. Petals
musessile and stamens inserted on an annular disk, rarely perigynous,
yles 1ree,

* Stipules 0. Sepals free, Stamens hypogynous.

Petals jagged. Capsule cylindric or conic, 6-valved. Styles 3.
eds many, compressed. . . . . . . . . <+ +
Petals notched or entire. Capsule cylindric or conic, 8-10-
valved. Styles 3-5, opposite the sepals. Seeds many . . 10. CERASTIUM.
Petals 2-fid. Capsule globose ovoid or oblong. Styles 3-5.
Seeds few or many. . . . . . . . + . ee ee L1. STELLARIA.
etals entire. Capsule depressed, 1-seeded Styles 2. . . 12. BRACHYSTEMMA.

Petals entire or lacerate. Capsule of Stellaria. Styles usually

9. HorosTEUM.

= eeds many VENE . 13. ARENARIA.
Petals entire, minute or 0. Capsule 4-5-valved. Stamens and .
styles 4 or 5 opposite the sepals . . . . . . . . . 14. BAGINA.

tap, Stipules 0. Sepals connate below into an obconic tube, bearing the
&

Petals 0., + + + + + k ew ww we o o 15, THYLACOSPERMUM.

*** Stipules scarious. Sepals free.
Petals entire. Styles 3 or 5. Capsules 3- or 5-valved . . 16. SPERGULA.

ind RIBE III. Polycarpese. Sepals free. Petals subsessile and stamens
"wawa on an annular disk. Styles 3-2, combined. Stipules scarious, rarely
e,
Sepals not keeled. Petals 2-6-fid . . . . . . . . . 17. DRYMARIA.
Pals keeled. Petals entire. Style 3-fid . . . . . .18. POLYCARPON.
pals Scarious, not keeled. Stigma 3-toothed . . . . . 19. POLYCARPÆA.

1, DIANTHUWS, Linn.

rari usually perennial. Zeaveslinear. Flowers terminal, solitary or in
Nery ed cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, nely striated (with 7-9 or
Tew, each tooth); base embraced by 2 or more imbricating bracts.
scal with a long claw ; blade entire or tooth d or fimbriate, claw w ithout
| è Stamens 10. ` Disk a long-stalked gynophore. Ovary 1-celle »
orbicula Capsule cylindric oblong or ovoid, 4-toothed or valved. See s
€ ar or discoid, plane or concave, imbricated on the columnar placenta ;
N. rid Straight, excentric.—DisTRIB, Species about 70, natives o e
P- zone exclusive of Western N. America.
|

D. chinense: , Doa:
Ingi "nensis L. (D. glaucus, Hb. Ham.in Wall. Cat. 656) is commonly cultivated in

214 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [ Dianthus.

* Petals entire crenate or toothed, not fimbriate.
t Petals smooth, surface not bearded.

1. D. Caryophyllus, Linn. ; leaves channelled, margin quite even,
cymes loosely panicled, bracts 4 broadly obovate mucronate3-4 times shorter
than the calyx, petals toothed and crenate. (Carnation or Clove Pink.)

Pungas at Attok, Falconer; ? Balti, alt. 7-8000 ft., Thomson.—DistR1B. Westward
to mid-Europe. I Leaves

Perennial, glabrous, glaucous ; stems 18-24 in., branched and leafy below. Atoll
4-6 by Lin. Flowers 1-1} in. diam., fragrant. Calyx 1-1} in., teeth acute. | Pat
obovate, rosy, teeth 4—4 the length of the blade. Capsule ovoid —Thomson N wa
specimens are very old, and if properly referred here, belong to a form with m
numerous bracts.

2, D. Falconeri, Zdgew.; leaves channelled serrulate, flowers sub- |

solitary, bracts 4 rarely 6 broad-ovate long-cuspidate 3-4 times shorter than
the calyx, petals finely toothed.

Western Tiger; Astor and Deotsu, Falconer, &c. 3-6 by

Shrubby below ; stems 1-2 ft., stout, rigid, dichotomously branched. Leaves $ ongly
jin. 1-3-nerved. Flowers smaller than in D. Caryophyllus. Calyx 2 Yu. Strong
striate ; bracts suddenly contracted into the long cusp.

3. D. Cachemiricus, Zdgew.; leaves channelled, margin thickened
serrulate, flowers solitary or few, bracts 4 lanceolate with a long ens!
often foliaceous point sometimes equalling the calyx.

Kasumir, Falconer. . Leave

Stems much branched from the base, more slender than D. Falconeri, erect. 4 ts of
1-14 in., very narrow, midrib beneath stont. Bracts with either very slender Lou
long leafy ones. Calyx 1 in, teeth ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, margins 8C
Petals large, obovate ; blade 4-3 by 1 in., margin toothed or almost entire.

4, D. anatolicus, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 489; small, slender, keare

very, narrow margin much thickened serrulate, bracts 6 (4-8) very T
cuspidate 4—4 shorter than the calyx.

Western Tirer, Falconer ; Dras, 8-10,000 fi., Thomson.—DisTRIB. Armeni | der,
Densely tufted; stock woody, short, much branched ; stems 6-10 in., Ver idrib an
strict, 1- or more-flowered. Leaves 1-2 in., rigid, slender, with a very thick m Peta
margin. Bracts with sometimes foliaceous points. Calyx À in., teeth subacute.
rosy, blade small, broad, crenate-toothed.

. ine

5. D. Jacquemontii, Zdgev. ; leaves narrow, radical serrulate, ps
with thickened obscurely serrulate margins, bracts 4 very broa
acute or cuspidate š the length of the calyx, calyx-teeth pungent.

Western Himaraya, Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. 1-1} in«

Stems 4-10 in., many from a tufted woody stock, rather slender. Leave pacts sud-
coriaceous, green when dry, flat above, acute. Flowers usually solitary. Calys
denly contracted into a point which is sometimes thickened and quite obtuse. ar D.
3-1 m. teeth long, with rigid tips. Petals broad, rather deeply toothed.
Liboschitzianus, Seringe, of the Caucasus, but differs in the toothed petals.

rrulate,
61 D. deltoides, L. ; glabrous, leaves linear acute obscurely se
bracts 2, calyx 4 in., petals toothed.

Western Tiger; Lance.—Disrris. (of D. deltoides, Western Europe). lant which
Specimens very imperfect, but apparently identical with the European P which in
varies from glabrous to pubescent, and very much in the length of the bracts,
ce's specimen are 4-3 the length of the calyx, and coloured.

|

t2
e

Dianthus.) XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE&. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 1

tt Surface of petals bearded or pubescent.

7. D. Seguieri, Vill. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 504; leaves broad, flowers
usually fascicled, bracts 4-6 4-2 the length of the calyx, with leafy points.

Wesrern Tiner, Ladak, Stewart.—Disrris. Siberia, Caucasus, Greece- _

Stem 6-10 in., leafy, erect, simple or paniculately branched. Leaves strict, linear,
obscurely 5-nerved. ` Flowers usually surrounded with leafy bracts below the 4-6
ovate abruptly cuspidate ones, which are themselves often tipped with an herbaceous
pont. Calyx teeth mucronate. Petals rosy, blade obovate acutely toothed.

** Petals fimbriate.

8. D. fimbriatus, Bicberst, ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 495; rigid, leaves
Tather broad subacute obscurely serrulate, bracts 6-8 short broad-ovate
acute, calyx 2—1 in., petals fimbriate for 1 the length of the blade.

WzsrERN Tiszr;- Falconer.—Disrrm. N. Persia, Caucasus. .

Stock stout, woody, often elongate, much branched and suffruticose ; stems many,
strict, erect, 6-10 in. 1-flowered. Leaves 3-14 in., rigid, erect. Bracts } the length
ol the calyx, sometimes cuspidate. —Calyz-teeth long, lanceolate, pungent. Petals
white, fading into lilac or pink.

9. D. angulatus, Royle Ill. 79; rigid, leaves linear acute serrulate,
bracts 4-6 ovate acuminate or the lower cuspidate, calyx -4 in., petals
mbriate for 3 the length of the blade.
OM drin HIMALAYA, from Kunawar to Kishtwar, and in Piti and Zanskar, alt.
Quite similar to D. fimbriatus, and probably a variety of that plant, with the bracts
"vy colored and dius exceedingly in length, from 1-4 the length of the calyx,
w. rarely exceeds 4, and never Š of an inch.
y= 1. bracts rather lax ovate suddenly cuspidate. dark green
a 2. bracts with a foliaceous point 1-3 the length of the calyx, leaves dark green,
Cat ine 3 In, petals less deeply cut. Habit of D. deltoides.—Kishtwar. .
" AR. 3. incertus, Jacquem. Herb. (sp.); bracts 4 rarely 6 lax ovate acuminate
i the length of the calyx, petals not so deeply cut.—Kunawar.

10. D. crinit mi ; rent. i : bracts 4-8 lanceolate
e us, Smith ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 496 ; br: .

Lp acuminate, calyx 1-12 in., teeth long lanceolate, petals fimbriate nearly
€ base of the blade. w
"STERN Ponas ; Salt Range, Fleming, &c.; Peshawur, Vicary, &c. WESTERN

Ter, F'alconer.— DisTnin. Beluchistan, T kestan, and westward to the Levant i

ca plfruticose below; branches rigid, 8-18 in., few flowered. Leaves rigid, acute,

cus ie Usually shorter than the joints. Bracts 3-4 the length of the calyx, acute or
PMate, Petals white, sweet-scented, segments capillary.

bu "barbatus, Linn., is enumerated by Royle, together with D. caucasicus, Sims, but

are unknown to us as Indian plants.

2. TUNICA, Scopoli.

Annual or perenni alyx tubular, 5- (15-) toothed, with
or without imbricate bret herbs, eed. gradually widening into the
entire or emarginate limb. Stamens 10. Zorus small, Ovary 1-celled ; styles

ovules numerous. Capsule oblong, dehiscing by 4 teeth, many-seeded.
Species ot or orbicular, peltate ; embryo straight.—DISTRIS. About
“es, chiefly South European and West Asiatic.

216 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Tumiza,

1. T. stricta, Bunge ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 521; annual, erect, leaa
linear-spathulate, margins scabrous, cauline linear, flowers subsolitary
ebracteate, calyx 5-ribbed. Ledeb. Jc. Fl. Ross. t. 5.

Kasnmır, Falconer, &e.—Disrrir. Soongaria, Altai, Persia, Asia Minor. hort

Glabrous, 12-18 in., branched from the base. Radical leaves $-§ n., many, N icels
Cymes strict, and their branches slender quite erect. Flowers & in. long; pan
often exceeding the glabrous turbinate calyx. Petals white, linear-oblong, entire.
Seeds boat-shaped, wrinkled on the edges and keel.

3 ACANTHOPHTYLLUM, C. A. Meyer.

Perennial, densely tufted acerose or spiny-leaved herbs or shrubs. i toert
solitary or in panicled or fascicled cymes, the lateral or all with 26 H =
Calyx tubular or turbinate, 5-toothed or lobed, 5-15-nerved. _ Petals 5
serted, narrow, spathulate ; claw long, widening into the entire or Jg ia
limb. Stamens 10. Diskshort or produced into a short gynophore at Ot
l-celled, 4-10-ovuled ; styles 2. Capsule ovoid or oblong, indehisce A
with 4 small teeth, 1-2-seeded. Seeds subreniform, laterally v cen of
hilum marginal; embryo annular.— DisTRIB. About 17 species; nati
Western and Central Asia, most numerous in Affghanistan.

1. A. macrodon, Zdgew.; hoary, leaves spinous, flowers solitary,
bracts 4 linear with scarious margins.

Wazaristan in the PUNJAB, Stewart.—Distrin. Affghanistan, Griffith. EXIT

A tufted excessively spinous herb, minutely pubescent. Leaves horizonta dom at
rigid with acerose tips, pale green, flat above, convex on the back, j'g-zs !n- C! rved
the base. Flowers rosy, $ in. long, terminal; bracts squarrose, pungent, sec las
reaching as high as the calyx-lobes. Calyx cylindric, hoary, lobes subulate-lanceolate,
recurved, acerose, with very narrow scarious edges. Petals narrow.

4. GYPSOPHILA, Linn.

Perennial or annual, often glaucous herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves usualy
flat, very rarely subulate. Flowersin panicled cymes, rarely solitary ith
forks. Calyx turbinate tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed or -lobe Tow;
5 broad green nerves and membranous interspaces. Petals 5, clay Diary
limb entire or notched, without (rarely with) a scale. Disk small. below
l.celled ; styles 2 (rarely 3); ovules many. Capsule 4-valved to or bryo
the middle, few- or many-seeded. Seeds subreniform, hilum lateral ;em
annular.— Disrrip. Species about 50, European and W. Asiatic.

or
Sect. I. Pseudacanthophyllum. Undershrubs. Leaves pungent
acerose. Calyx ovoid or oblong-campanulate.

: 086,
1. G. Ptewartii, Thoms. ; puberulous, leaves š in. subulate aceros
convex beneath, flowers subcapitate, bracts equalling the calyx-tube

jstan

qu azaristan in the Pungas, alt. 3-4000 ft, Stewart. — DISTRIB. Affghanis
uruak valley). . ve,
A small n densely tufted spinons perennial Leaves spreading, aimes

points glabrous polished. Cymes on short peduncles, 8-15-flowered ; bracts a
subulate. Calyx & in., ovoid, glabrous, 5-ribbed; teeth long, slender, subular®

half as long again as the calyx; blade pink, linear-oblong.—Closely allied to us caly
Boiss. (of Affghanistan), but much smaller, with crowded flowers, and glabro i
with longer subulate teeth.

Gypsophila] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 217

Sect. IL Heterochroa. Herbs. Leaves flat. Calyx campanulate 5-fid.

, 2. G. sedifolia, Kurz. in Flora, 1872, 285 ; perennial, tufted, hoary all
nen (cies linear obtuse, cymes capitate. G. Tibetica, H. f. & T. Herb.
7T.

Western Tet, Zanskar and Dras, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Thomson.
oot very stout, woody, with very many short tufted pointed decumbent branches.
ms pale. Leaves fascicled, 1 in., nerveless, rather thick, pruinose. Heads of cymes
5l im., on elongated branches 1-3 in. diam.; bracts linear, obtuse. Calyx jg in.,
0

bed, teeth obtuse, margins scarious: Capsule not exceeding the calyx. Seeds
cochleate.

, 3, G. cerastioides, Don Prodr. 213; perennial, hoary-pubescent,
branches many decumbent, leaves obovate-spathulate, cymes lax. Acosmia
rupestris, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 644; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 96, t. 28.
Meosia rupestris, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 138, t. 33 (styles 3). ,
Temperate HIMALAYA from Kashmir and Kunawar to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
ery variable in size; branches 4-10 in. Leaves 3-2 by 1-3 in., radical petioled,
caue sessile, all ciliate. Cymes usually lax, with leafy bracts. Flowers sessile or
tcelled, very variable in size, &- in. diam. Calyx } in., campanulate, pubescent;
S obtuse, strongly ciliate with curved hairs. Petals lilac, spathulate, 3-nerved.
"les 2-3. Seeds broad, black, tubercled.

5. SAPONARIA, Linn.

o Anual or perennial herbs. Leaves flat. Flowers in dichotomous cymes.
yx more or less tubular, ovoid or oblong, 5-toothed, nerves obscure.
Nc 5, clawed ; limb entire or notched, with or without a basal scale.
nens 10, Disk small, or produced into a gynophore, Ovary 1-celled, or
ob erfectly 2-3-celled ; styles 2, rarely 3; ovules many. Capsule ovoid or
ong, rarely subglobose, 4-toothed. Seeds reniform or subglobose, hilum
marginal ; embryo annular.—DisrRIB. Species about 30, chiefly Mediter-
fanean and W. Asiatic.

‘oe S. Vaccaria, Linn.; radical leaves oblong, cauline sessile, pase
ded or cordate, calyx-teeth triangular margins scarious, petals s 3n
8. se. Wall. Cat. 1503, S. Vaccaria and oxyodonta, Boiss. FI. Orvent. 1. 525.

perfoliata, Roxb, F7. Ind. ii, 445. Gypsophila Vaccaria, W. & A. Prodr. 42.

Y wheatfields throughout INDIA, and in Tiset.—Disrris. A weed of cultivation. .
hig’ =p robust, simple or sparingly branched perfectly glabrous annual, 12- t in,
! aves 1-3 by 4-3 in., acute, cauline linear-oblong. Cymes corymbose, m i M
ventric > Flowers erect; pedicels slender. Calyx Yin, with 5 broad green nerves

r ay in fruit, Petals rosy, obovate. Capsule included, broadly ovoid.

ge, g obose, black, granulate.

6. SILENE, Linn.

r perennial herbs, Flowers solitary or cymose, often aud on
es of the cyme. Calyx more or less inflated, ovoid campanu E
© or tubular, 5-toothed or cleft, 10- rarely many-nerved. Leta s ;
ney arrow ; limb entire bifid or laciniate, usually with two pasa. = es.
long oo 10, 5 usually adnate to the petals, Disk usually produce in ° a
oval 8ynophore, Ovary incompletely 3- (rarely 1-) celled ; styles 3 (rarely 5);
tubercle ero us. Capsule 3-6-toothed or valved. Seeds reniform, eval y
Chiefly sd, bilium marginal ; embryo annular.—D1stRiB. Species about 250,

natives of temperate Europe and Asia.

Annual o
the b
an
Claw

218 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Silew.

The following escapes from cultivation occur in Indian collections.

S. Armeria, L. in the Nilgherries and Canara (Plant. Hohenack. No. 615).—8.
noctiflora, L. (Wall. Cat. 624, from Herb. Wight., without habitat).—S. colorata,
Poiret; (S. intrusa, W. & A. Prodr. 42; Wight Ill. i. t. 26); Nilghiris and Garwhal.

SUBGEN. I. Behen. Petals imbricate in bud, Calyx usually inflated,
10- or 20-nerved, reticulately veined.

1. S. inflata, Smith; glaucous, cymes many-flowered, bracts scarlous,
calyx 20-nerved, petals deeply cloven. Wall. Cat. 623; Boiss. FI. poete
628. S. Wallichiana, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 139, t. 30. S. Cucu
balus, Wib. in Rohrb. Monog. Silene, s4. Cucubalus Behen, Linn.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, elev. 5-11,500 ft., from Nipal to the Indus. — DISTRIB.
Temperate Asia, Europe, and N. Africa. «n. ovale

Perennial, 2-5 ft., erect or ascending, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-3 m., 0 in
obovate or oblong, cauline sessile; margins denticulate. Flower 1—3 in. diam., BLA.
white. Calyx ovoid, base intruded, teeth broadly triangular. Petals white, wit vein
gibbosities in the place of scales. Capsule globose, gynophore short. Seeds conca
front, convex on the base, tubercled iu lines.

. . Y
Suscen. Il. Silene proper. Petals contorted in sestivation. alye
with 10 anastomosing nerves, or 20, 30, or 60 simple nerves, not reticu
veined.

Sect. I. Conosilene. Calyx 20-, 30-, or 60-nerved, in fruit conical
from a broad base.—Annuals,

2. S. conoidea, Linn. ; glandular-pubescent, cauline leaves oblong M
lanceolate acute, flowers panicled, calyx-base intruded, teeth subu ate dle.
ceolate, 5 its length, petals obovate, capsules ovoid contracted above se
Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 580 ; Wall. Cat. 625. OcpE

WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Kumaon to the Indus, alt. 1-8000 ft. ; and from West
to the Panga, in the plains. Wesr Tiser; Ladak, alt. 8-11,000 ft.—DISTR1IB.
ward to the Atlantic ocean. late

Erect, 6-18 in., dichotomously branched. Leaves 2-4 in., radical spathu s sma,
line sometimes very narrow, sessile. Calyx 1 in. inflated in fruit. Petals Peds coch-
entire or erose; claw auricied; scales 2. Capsule crustaceous, shining. Dee
leate, with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of tubercles.

cat.

Secr. II. Scorpioidee. Calyx 10-nerved.— Annuals (the Indian

species). lowers in unilateral racemes.

3.* S. gallica, Linn.; annual, laxly pilose, glandular above, -
leaves linear-oblong or spathulate, cyme simple, flowers unilatera y :
base rounded, teeth subulate-lanceolate } its length, capsule su
ovoid. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 590. ee

Garwnat, Falconer; Carnatic, Wight :—an introduced weed.—DIsTRIB. A we
cultivation. ' g-14 in,

Erect, 8-18 in., clothed especially above with spreading hairs. Leaves i sessile.
Jiacemes wany-flowered. Flowers 4-3 in. long, secund, lower pedicelled, upp arginate ;
Calyx ovoid, 10-striate, contracted above. Petals small, red (or white), em c ;
scales 2. Filaments villous below. Seeds minute, striate-tuberculate, not 8
face flat with an ear-shaped depression.

d of

ine
3. S. apetala, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 307 ; annual, hoary-pubescent, GaU
leaves linear-oblong, flowers subracemose, calyx campanulate, rw capsule
teeth short lanceolate „acute, margins scarious, petals included,
globose, shortly stipitate. Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 596.

Silene.| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 219

PANJAB; Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart.—Disrris. Westwards to Spain.
. Stem 6-24 in., simple or branched. Leaves 1-1} in., acuminate, ciliolate. Cymes
iregular, loosely racemose; peduncles exceeding the calyx; bracts acute. Calyx
i-bin, with broad green hairy nerves; teeth short. Petals 0, or minute, spathulate,
bright red. Seeds flat, channelled, with a double corrugated margin.

Secr. III. Auricularia. Calyx 10-nerved, contracted towards the
base. Petals with the claw toothed or auricled on both sides,—Perennials.
Flowers solitary or in few-flowered elongate panicled cymes.

4 S. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 626; perennial, finely pubescent,
catline leaves linear or linear-lanceoiate, flowers 1-3 terminal or subter-
minal, calyx tubular-clavate viscid, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with
Scarlous margins, capsule ovoid shorter than the gynophore. Benth. in
Royle Ill. 79; Rohrb, Monog. Silene, 129.

Western HIMALAYA, alt. 10-13,000 ft.; from Garwhal to Kashmir. WESTERN
Tier, alt. 9-16,000 ft.—Disrris. Affzhanistan. .

tems many from a woody stock, densely tufted; flowering branches erect, 6-18 in.,
slender, simple or dichotomous at the top. Radical leaves spathulate-lanceolate, acute;
cauline shorter, acuminate acute or obtuse. Flowers erect. Calyx 1-14 in., slender
low the middle; nerves 10, dark. Petals exserted, claw auricled with a long acute
tooth ; limb 2-partite, segments ligulate, dirty red or white, involute when withering ;.
scales 2, long. Capsule with the gynophore as long as itself. Seeds compressed, not
channelled, with 5 rows of dorsal and as many lateral tubercles.
Var. 1. taller, more slender, 2-3-flowered.— Tibet.
^R. 2. dwarf, leaves linear, pedicels longer than the bracts.

.9. S. arenosa, C. Koch. in Linnea, xv. 711 ; annual, slender, glaucous,
viscid above, leaves narrow, margins revolute, flowers in sparse much-
Varcating cymes, calyx clavate, base intruded, teeth lanceolate-ciliate,
capsule oblong equalling the gynophore. S. leyseroides and S. salsa, Bovss.
Fl. Orient, i, 603,

"m ESTERN PANJAB, common at Peshawur, Attock, &c. Vicary, Stewart.—Distrie.
Sianistan, Persia, Armenia. l
ery slender, excessively branched from the base, minutely pubescent, glandu ar
Stove. Leaves shorter than the internodes, 3-14 in., rigid, acuminate. lowers erect
or inclined ; pedicels 4-1 in., capillary. Calyx 4-8 in., slender, 10-ribbed ; teeth with
eujus margins. Petals with an oblong 2-fid blade, lobes linear, claw auricled ;

“ales 2, small, lanceolate.—Flowers open at night.

„ê S. tenuis, Willd.; perennial, glabrous or viscid, leaves narrow
linear or lanceolate, flowers in short racemes, calyx campanulate, base
Tounded or truncate, teeth obtuse, petals 2-partite auricled, capsule oblong,
Hrophore short. Lohrb, Monog. Silene, 186. S. graminifolia, Onn in
PU rodr. i. 368, not of Ledeb. S. Gul.-Waldemarii, Klotzsch Dot. ers,
r Waldem. 140, t. 31. & repens, Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 614 ( of Patrin):
deb, Te, p], Ross. t. 425. S. amana, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (not of ed. 2).
LM ESTERN Himanaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Kunawar to Kashmir, Jacquemont.
REN Tiger, F'alconer.— Disrtun. Northern and Arctic Asia. — ked when
tall ems many from the root, erect or ascending, 4-18 in., slender, simple, pa ed waen
Upward eaves 1-3 in., acute or acuminate, often ciliate, flat, radica Hr y edicels
4i 8. Flowers often whorled, sometimes secund, inclined or no ng L teeth
Spread? bracts short, whorled, subulate. Calyx 4-4 in., membranous, ed aule
twice ds i Petals dirty-yellow or brown; scales short, oblong ; claw ci later al vol s of
tubercles, ength of the gynophore. Seeds with 5 dorsal and as many
coriacep Phyla, Turcz. Fl. Baic. Dah. i. 207 (sp.), densely pubescent, leaves more
9w5 not ciliate. Lahul, Jæschke.

220 XVII. CARYOPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) — [WSilene.

indri tracted towards
Sect. IV. Otites, Calyx 10-nerved, cylindric or con
the base. Petals not auricled at the sides, with or without scales at the top
of the claw.—Perennials. Flowers in opposite panicled or racemed cy

7. S. Falconeriana, Benth. in Royle Ill. 79, t. 20; perennial, stout
erect, pubescent below, leaves linear-lanceolate serrulate-ciliate, Pod teeth
short uniform opposite cymes, calyx cylindric narrow, base intru » i oap-
short obtuse, petals very narrow spathulate, tip rounded or no ç ed,
sule ovoid longer than the gynophore. KRohrb. Monog. Silene, 202.

Western HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Kunawar, alt. 3-9000 feet, Boyle, Ge. cont

Stems 1-2 ft., several from the woody stalk, simple or branched, closely i ores-
below. Leaves 14-23 in., narrow, pubescent or glabrous on both suríaces. amore
cence 1-14 ft. long, lax, of opposite or whorled cymes or branched racemos, lated up-
erect or inclined; pedicels slender; bracts minute. Calyæ 4 in., slightly margine
wards in flower, much so in fruit, membranous, nerves 10, green; teeth no » Ed
with white; base truncate. Petals white, without scales or auricles. Caps s flat oF
twice or thrice the length of the gynophore. Seeds minute, granulate, side
convex, back channelled.

8. S. Griffithii, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 637; perennial, robust, densely
pubescent, tomentose or villous, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceola e a ate,
etivled, flowers in opposite few-flowered cymes, calyx cylindric, M^ capsule
ase rounded or truncate, petals 2-partite, lobes 3-6-fid, TT dà Jgeu.
oblong, gynophore short. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627. S. multi É 1 Petsa
in Trans, Linn. Soc, xx. 34. Carpophora Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch un ^d um *
Pr. Wald. 139, t.32. S. viscosa, Pers. ; Benth. in Royle Ill. 79. Me rosa

Griffithii, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 248 ; Monog. Silene, 232. 205
lusus 3, and B suaveolens, Kar. & Kir. (sp.), Rohrb. Monog. Silene, A ` Dis-
WESTERN HIMALAYA, from Garwhal to Cabul and Kishtwar, alt. 7-11,000 1t.—
TRIB. Affghanistan, Soongaria. : imple

Very variable iu pubescence, from hoary to almost woolly. Stems 12-18 x mis
or divided, very robust. Leaves 24-4 by 3-14 in., radical spathulate-lanceo a pie
rowed into a broad petiole ; cauline sessile, sometimes cordate at the base, nes shortly
pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers in opposite irregularly 3-flowered cy " teeth nof
pedicelled. Calyx 3-1 in., glandular, hardly dilated above except 1 fru) ut scales or
margined with white, nerves 10, green. Petals more or less laciniate, withes ds imma-
auricles. Petals white. Capsule four times as long as the gynophore. den ?
ture, apparently like those of S. Falconeriana.—Very closely allied to S. v
with which it is united by Bentham and Rohrbach.

: ous

9. S. kunawarensis, Benth. in Royle Ill. 79 ; perennial, puberal in
or quite glabrous, slender, leaves narrow-spathulate or lanceolate, cvlindrie
opposite distant pairs or cymes, pedicels slender, calyx glabrous margins,
or subclavate, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with scarious, e gyno-
petals deeply 2-fid, scales oblong, capsule ovoid twice as long as
phore. " 0 ft.,

Wesrern Hnrarava, in the Tibetan regions of Kunawar and Piti, alt. 10,00
Royle, Jacquemont, &c.

Branches tufted from a prostrate stock ; flowering ones slender, 6-1
labrous above. Leaves 1-1} in., very narrow, minutely pubesceut on the

lowers rather few and scattered, nodding, pedicels ‘slender, equalling the

2 jn. usually
surfaces.
both calf
© ; n
Calyx 4-4 in., membranous, quite glabrous or the teeth pubescent, niic
10-nerved. . Petals with 2 linear-ollong scales and no auricles. Capsule p
dorsally channelled, sides nearly flat, hardly tubercled.

: scent,
10. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627; tall, slender, minutely Bien
cauline leaves broadly ovate-cordate amplexicaul acuminate

Silew.| | XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 221

cymes lax opposite long-peduncled, calyx glandular cylindric, teeth lan-
ceolate-subulate, base truncate intruded, capsule narrow oblong, rather
longer than the gynophore. S. viridiflora, var. Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 215.
Western Himaraya, Sirmur, Webb. .

€ have seen byt one specimen, itself a fragment, 16 in. tall, of what is evidently a
tall spare lax-flowered species of a plant resembling closely S. viridiflora, Linn.—

ves 14 in. broad, puberulous on both surfaces. Branches of panicle (peduncles of
cymes) 3-6 in., terminated by two ovate foliaceous bracts Flowers drooping; pedicels
-iin, densely tomentose. Calyx 3 in., very slender, 10-nerved, ventricose in fruit;
teeth with s^arious edges. Petals long, greenish-white; limb bifid, lobes ligulate ;
scales 2. Filaments glabrous. Ovary cylindric, top globose; styles 3. Capsule
immature, cylindric-oblong.

Sect. V. Cucubaloidese. Calyx cylindrie, rounded at the base, pale,
membranous, Petals without auricles at the sides.—Scandent or subscandent
ender lax perennials, Flowers in very lax few-flowered panicled cymes,

ll. S.? Stracheyi, Hdgew.; glabrous, flaccid, subscandent, leaves
Petioled lanceolate acuminate membranous, cymes 3-flowered bracteate,
calyx membranous, teeth broad with orbicular tips, capsule half the length
of the gynophore.

, TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, Piti river, Kumaon, alt.7 500 ft., Strach. & Winterb. Sikkim
in woods, Lachen river, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. H.

Habit and foliage of Cucubalus baccifer, but glabrous or nearly so, leaves longer
Petioled., Calyx cylindric, and ovary with a very long gynophore and 5-lobed callons
tip, indicating a 5-valved dehiscence.. — Stems shining. Leaves 2-24 by 3-3 in, ciliolate,
with an intramarginal nerve. Pedicels 4-1 in. very slender, minutely pubescent.

yx $in., pale, with 10 green nerves and anastomosing veins between them above;
teeth hyaline, contracted below the orbicular ciliolate tips. Petals white, very narrow ;
“aw not auricled; limb retuse or 2-lobed. /’ilaments glabrous; anthers short, didy-
s An exceedingly curious plant, intermediate between Silene and Cucubalus, per-

aps better referred to the latter genus.

12, S, khasiana, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 259 ; glandular pubescent
above, subscandent, leaves sessile ovate acuminate, flowers solitary and in
erminal 2-3-flowered bracteate cymes, calyx shortly cylindric, teeth broad
acute, base rounded, capsule oblong, gynophore very short.

Krasta Mrs., at Molim and Moflong, alt. 5-6000 ft., H. f. & T. .

strageling brittle hardly flaccid herb, with rather robust branches. Leaves 1-2 in.,

Dt mem ranous, 3—5-nerved at the base, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely pubescent,

an plate. _ Flowers erect ; pedicels 4-1 in., strict. Calyx jin, with 10 broad nerves

» no veins, Petals pale pink; claw cuneate; limb 2-partite, obtuse; scales small.

Pants glabrous; anthers didymous. Capsule broad, with very small teeth. Seeds
rsally rounded, sides convex striate-tuberculate.

7. CUCUBALUS, Linn.

A diffuse subscandent herb. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, Flowers in 1-3-
flowered leafy cymes or solitary in the forks of the branches. Calyx broadly
tompanulate, lÜ-nerved, 5-toothed. Petals 5 ; claw narrow toothed at the

D; limb 2-fid with 2 scales at its base. Stamens 10. Disk produced into

Short gynophore, Ovary 1-celled, 3-septate at the base ; styles 3; ovules
hart Tw globose, tip crowned with an entire callus, shining, ay or
hil ad at length fragile and bursting irregularly. Seeds reniform, shining ;

lateral; embryo annular,

299 XVIIL. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Cucudalus.

1. C. bacciferus, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 657.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. '
Kuasia Mrs., at the Boga Pani, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T.—Duisrgis. W estwards to South
Europe ; W. Siberia.

A rambling herb, more or less pubescent with curly white hairs. Leaves 1-2 by
3-1 in., membranous, ciliate, narrowed into the petiole, upper sessile. Flowers drooping;
pedicel $-4 in., tomentose. Calyx Y in., base rounded; teeth large, broad, subacute,
ciliolate ; nerves obscure, veins reticulate. Petals greenish-white, 2-lobed. Anthers
didymous. Fruit the size of a pea, black.

8. LYCHNIS, Linn.

Herbs, with the habit of Silene, but capsule 1-celled, and styles usually 5
(3-5).—DIsTRIB. Species about 30, natives of Arctic and Temperate northern
regions, and of the Andes of S. America.

The following species of Lychnis are, with the exception of L. Coronaria, extremely
difficult to limit, the characters of habit, nervation of the calyx, form and division 0
the petals, and superficial markings of the seed, being all very variable. The division
into winged- and wingless seeded is far from good ; the contrast between the reniform
granulate, and the angled and winged seeds, is indeed strong, but analogy with other
genera would suggest, that some of the wingless species are but forms of winged ones.

Ve cannot follow Rohrbach and others in separating Melandryum from Lychnis proper:
the capsule dehiscing variously in the same species, and several true Melandrya having
crested seeds.

Secr. I. Pseudagrostemma. Petals with stiff 2-toothed scales at
the claw. Capsule 5-valved, valves quite entire.

1. L. Coronaria, Lamk. ; uniformly softly tomentose with silky white

wool. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 658.

S Kasni VALLEY, abundant in groves and fields, Jacquemont, &c.—DISTRIB. W. Asia,
. Europe. :
Stem 1-2 ft, sparingly branched. Leaves 3-5 in., spathulate-lanceolate, cauline

oblong. Flowers on long pedicels. Calyx 3-1 in., turbinate, 10-nerved ; teeth I

torted to the left. Petals 1 in. and upwards, broadly obcordate, red purple. Caps

subsessile, included. Seeds biconvex, equally striate-tuberculate.

Sect. II. Melandryum. Petals with membranous scales. Capsule
4-5-valved, valves entire or 2-fid.

* Stem scape-like, 1- rarely 2-3-flowered. Seeds compressed or angled,
winged, not granulate or tubercled ; wing thick or inflated.

2. L. apetala, Linn. ; stem short glandular-pubescent 1- rarely 2-3
flowered, calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, pe
with a very short emarginate or bifid limb, carpophore very short Mi '
Melandryum apetaluin, Rohrb. in Linnwa, xxxvi. 217. M. Falconen, Rohr?
.c. 220.

Arre HiwALAYA and Tirer, alt. 12-17,000 ft.; and to 18,000 ft. in Sikkim.
Distr. Arctic regions, mountains of N. Europe, Asia, and America. hulate

Stems tufted, 2-6 in., often curved. Leaves radical linear-lanceolate or spat qe
obtuse or acute; cauline 1-2 pair. Flowers nodding. Calyx 4-8 in. long, mout h are
tracted, more open in fruit, membranous, pale between the broad dark nerves, w t
variable in disposition, simple or sparingly branched, the secondary free or unitin and
the primary in the short broad calyx-teeth. Petals excessively variable 1n lengt al
breadth and in the subentire crenate or lobed scales, purplish. Capsule turgid; Y

Lychnis] | XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE&, (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 223

bifid, erect or recurved ; carpophore glabrous or tomentose, always very short. Seeds
very variable, 7;—5 in. diam., with a narrow or broad wing.—l cannot distinguish
L. Faleoneri, Rohr., even as a permanent variety; it is characterized as having a more
open calyx in fruit. .

Van. pallida, stems usually 2-flowered, calyx very pale with green undefined veins. —
Western Tibet, Falconer, Henderson.

3. L. nigrescens, Ædgew. ; stem simple glandular-pubescent 1-flowered,
calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals with a
short retuse limb, varpophore 1—1 the length of the capsule brown-tomentose,
L. tristis, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f & T. Melandryum macrorhizum, Kohrb. in

"wea, XXXVI, 228, not of Royle.

ALPINE SIKKIM Himataya, alt. 11-16,000 ft., J. D. H.
, Similar in many respects to L. apetala, but stem more leafy, calyx larger and more
inflated, almost § in. diam., with broader more membranous-edged teeth, and a very
different carpophore. The nerves of the calyx are simple and free in all the specimens,
and the seeds are like those of the rather narrow-winged forms of L. apetala.—Rohr-
8 certainly in error in describing this as wingless-seeded, and in referring it to
yle's L. macrorhiza.

4L. himalayensis, Edgew. ; stem very slender elongate 1-3-flowered
"khai pubescent, leaves usually very slender, calyx broadly oblong with
slender lack-purple nerves, petals with a very small blade, carpophore very
Short pubescent or 0, seeds angular very small narrowly-winged. L. apetala,
tar. himalayensis, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 22. L. apetala, var. gracilis,
Herb, Ind. Or. H. f. & T.
Sikkim Himaraya, alt. 11-14,000 ft., J. D. H. Western Ter, Falconer ; Sassar,
alt, 15-17,000 ft, T. T. , , Cum
robably only a slender form of L. apetala, but easily distinguished by its size
8-16 in.), slenderness, long narrow leaves, narrower smaller calyx 3-3 in. long, with
usually more slender and free veins, which however sometimes unite in the teeth, and
small seeds which are pale in 'Thomson's specimens, black in Hooker's and Falconer`s.

** Seeds turgid, reniform, wingless, granulate tubercled or echinulate.
t Stem short, single- rarely 2-flowered.

"a L. macrorhiza, Royle; Benth. in Royle HI. 80 (not of Rohr.) ;
bil short simple 1-flowered and leaves closely glandular-pubescent, leaves

wp Pate-spathulate, calyx broadly oblong inflated pale, nerves faint free or

peted in the calyx-teeth, petals short, carpophore stout brown-tomentose.
* madens, Jaco mss, '

parte Western HimaLaya, and Wesrern Tiger; Kunawar, Royle, Facgquemont ;

ng Pass, alt. 15-16,000 ft., T. T. ; Topi dhunga, alt. 15,000 ft., Strach. « in rb.
e plant 4-6 in. resembling L. apetala, but leaves broader and more dense y
im » Pale, obtuse or subacute. Calyx 4-ł in. Petals apparently deep purple ;
ti “ort, 2-fid. Seeds pale chestnut, absolutely wingless, minutely granulate concen-
this, back rounded.— oyle’s specimens are very imperfect, but I think referable to

! ft Stem elongate, simple or branched; leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate
y ovate in L. Cachemeriana).

v b lender hoary simple
few o, , "'aChypetala, Hort. Berol. ; stem 1-2 ft. slen :
iba nt towered, leaves very narrow grass-like glabrous or minutely
Wx ovat ake 8 nodding opposite or in short few flowered opposite pen
ee pale wi i Ç connected ne , petals
Very short ja € with 10 dark or green simple free or

ale 2-partite, carpophore short glabrous or pubescent or 0, seeds

224 XVIII. CARYUPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Lyehms.

reniform dark granulate. Melandryum brachypetalum, Fenzl in Led. FU
Ross, i. 326. Var. tibetanum, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 232.

Aurine HIMALAYA ; from Sikkim, alt. 12-15,000 ft., J. D. H., to Kunawar, Jacque-
mont; and Western Tirer, alt. 10-15,000 ft., Str. € Winterb., Thomson, &c..—Dis-
TRIB. Siberia, Dahuria, Mongolia. . .

Stems strict, very rarely divided except at the base. Leaves 2-5 in., rarely 4 in.
broad. Flowers often in distant pairs towards the top of the stem ; pedicel strict,
2-bracteolate, Calyx 1 in. long, pale with dark or green nerves, which are very vari-
able; teeth spreading in fruit. Petals pale-red or dirty white, included or slightl
exserted; claw glabrous or ciliate, obtusely auricled. Seeds minute. Capsule wit
simple or 2-fid teeth.—The nerves of the calyx are sometimes united at the tips, at
others free; at times simple, and again the secondaries branch and unite with the
primaries.

7. L. multicaulis, Wall. Cat. 622 ; stems 2-3 ft. strict laxly pubescent
above, leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous or puberulous margins scaberulous,
flowers very few in elongated racemes nodding, calyx oblong-campanulate,
nerves green ór brown united in the teeth, petals short, limb minute toothed,
carpophore short. pubescent or 0, seeds reniform dark granulate. Benth. 1
Royle Ill. 80. Melandryum multicaule, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 226.

Temrerate HrwarAYA; Nipal, Wallich; Kumaon, 10-12,000 ft., Edge. ; Sikkim,
alt. 11,000 ft., J. D. H (flower rather large, calyx green). . in-

A much taller plant than L. brachypetala, inhabiting lower levels, with spare vi
florescence, longer pedicelled fewer flowers and usually broader leaves; but pro M
only a lowland form; also very near L. nutans, Royle. Wallich's and Edgew? £
specimens have calyces } in. long, with purple nerves; the Sikkim ones have ere
calyces, 4 in. long, with broader green nerves; in both the venation is very variante
Styles 3-5 and capsule 5-6- or 8-10-cleft. f

8. L. Cachemeriana, Royle; Benth. in Royle Ill. 80; stem robur
erect strict simple hoary, leaves from ovate to lanceolate scaberulous, owe
large erect or nodding in subterminal contracted cymes, calyx green ob y I
teeth acute, nerves many anastomosing, claw of petals woolly, limb r 4
lobes cut, carpophore broad densely woolly, seeds reniform granu ú.
Melandryum indicum, var. fimbriatum (a form), Rohrb. in Linnea, xxx
235.

Kasuurn, Royle, &c. riable,

An erect rigid species, with strict rarely spreading cymes. Leaves very Petals
2-3 by 4-3 in. Calyx membranous, 3-1 in. long, teeth acute or acuminate. apsule.
white or pale, blade about 4 in. long. Carpophore about jas long as the 56d Pn
— Probably only a form of L. indica, as regarded by Rohrbach, but the calyx-o
usually much more acute.

t

9. L. Stewartii, Hdyew. ; stem short, wiry, hoary below pubes
above leafy, leaves very narrow linear spreading i-nerved, flowers t nerves
solitary in the upper leaf axils nodding, calyx oblong pubescent, ve
green faint free or united, teeth rounded, petals obcordate with : N
short 2-partite white limb, carpophore densely woolly, styles 3 very

rt.
Western Himataya; Upper Chenab and Chamba river, alt. 8-11,000 ft., d
A very curicus little species, probably polygamo-dicecious, of which, ter foliage
scanty specimens, without seed, somewhat resembling Stellaria gr amines 1 slender,
and quite unlike any other Indian species of the genus. Stem 4-6 in., TIE! keeled by
upper part and pedicels viscidly tomentose. Leaves 2 by js-rz in., rigid, ite pairs
e solitary stout midrib, margins recurved. Pedicels solitary or in op m
pubescent, with two linear bracts above the middle. Calyx “4 in. long id ° law very
pubescent, teeth scarious, edges with long curled cilia, Petals with the

Lychnis.) XVI11. CARYOPHYLLEEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 225

broad, auricled, exceeding the calyx; limb small, recurved; appendages notched.
Capsule exceeding the calyx, 10-cleft.

_ ttt Stem elongate, usually laxly dichotomously branched (simple in L.
inflata). Leaves ovate elliptic or lanceolate.

10. L. inflata, Wall. Cat, n. 618 ; minutely pubescent, stem simple
erect 1-3-flowered leafy, leaves elliptic or lanceolate lower petioled, flowers
large terminal drooping, calyx very inflated pale with dark brown nerves,
teeth rounded, petals with à broad claw 2 large appendages and a short
rounded limb, carpophore short woolly, seeds reniform compressed, back
furnished with rows of long soft seta. Benth. in Royle IU. 80. Melan-
Tyum inflatum, Rohrb. in Linnaea xxxvi. 225. Agrostemma inflata, Don
Gen, Syst. i. 417.

Western TEMPERATE Himataya; Kumaon, Blinkworth.

Stem rather stout, 10-16 in., glandular-pubescent above, nodes swollen. Leaves
14-25 by 3-3 in. acute or acuminate. Pedicels slender, ebracteolare. Calyx 3 in.
long, nearly as broad, membranous ; nerves free or uniting in or below the broad hya-
me rounded teeth, which are not ciliate.—A. very curious and distinct form, the seeds
of which are quite peculiar. . It is singular that it should have escaped the notice of all

collectors in Kumaon since the days of Blinkworth, the first explorer of the Flora of
that region,

ll. L. indica, Benth, in Royle Ill. 81 ; finely-pubescent, stem leafy dif-
fasely dichotomously branched, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate or orbi-
cular, panicle lax many-flowered, calyx oblong inflated, nerves green or

Town, lobes short rounded, carpophore short broad pubescent, petals with

a or fimbriate limb, seeds reniform granulate.

TEMPERATE Hımaraya, alt. 5500—10,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri.

A tall dichotomously branched s reading weak herb, 2-3 ft. high; stem below some-
mes as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves variable, more or less ovate-lanceolate, lower
petioled, largest 4 in, long, membranous, flaccid. Flowers drooping when young, in
Open or contracted panicled glandular-hairy cymes; pedicels ebracteate. Calyx 4-3 ‘th
bee glandular-pubescent ; nerves 10-15, free or combined, simple or branched ; teet
Toad, obtuse rarely acute. Petals very variable, usually white inside and purplish eut
€; appendages short, obtuse, often crisped. Capsule ovoid, teeth 5, simple or bifid.
minute, very dark, the granulations on the back stronger than on the sides. ded
st la 1. indica proper; petals with a short 2-fid blade, lobes entire or wie fae
od, usually 3. “Silene indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34; Fl. Ind. ii. 447; Wa 4 a.
‘n part. Melandryum indicum var. genuinum, Rohrb. in Linnea, XXXVI. PE te

blade ipo meriata, Wall. Cat. 619 (Sp.) ; petals with a longer lacerate or len
e, the lobes linear 2-fid, styles usually 5. Benth. in Royle Ill. 80, t. 20 B. L. eno-

Ntemon, Wall. Cat. ^.620. Melandryum indicum var. fimbriatum, Bohrb. l.c.

12. x, nutans, Benth. in Royle Ill. 80; finely pubescent, stems dif-
fusely dichotomously branched Royle ovate or elliptic-lanceolate or orbi-
ar, panicle Jax few-flowered, calyx globose inflated, nerves SYN
show lobes short rounded, carpophore short pubescent or 0, petals “he n
Tt purple crenulate limb, seeds reniform granulate tubercled on the back.

a qa dryuu, nutans, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 229. L. ciliata, Wall. Cat.

Tere "4 E Hotaraya, from Sikkim to Kunawar, alt. 7500-11,000 ft. ; Marri, alt.
i q |
«t closely allied to L. indica, b ller plant, more flaccid, with a
. t apparently a smaller plant, wi
d ~ more glob meh pu ‘limb. "The upper leaves are
° i g'obo ] ; olla-limb. ppe
šOmetimes orbicu] redas and short crenulate cor

L | à

226 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Lychnis.

13. L. pilosa, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 34; clothed especially
above with long spreading flaccid hairs, stem erect or diffusely brane ed,
leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx ob -
nerves green, lobes short, petals with a 2-lobed limb, lobes bifid, carpophore
short or long, seeds reniform, granulate on the sides, back with long pro-
cesses. Melandryum nutans (a form), Rohrb. in Linnca, xxxvi. 229.

Western TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Garwhal to Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft,
Royle, Edgeworth, &c. . otv of that

Very closely allied to L. nutans, if not, as Rohrbach considers, a variety 0 f de
plant; it is best distinguished by the long flaccid hairs, and echinate dorsal ace died
seeds; the latter character is not a very good one, as a passage can be esta i:
between the seed of L. indica in which the dorsal granulations are but little iie
than the lateral, through that of L. nutans to that of L. pilosa. There are two o
of this species, the original, with the calyx nearly an inch long and a long woo T eur
phore; and another with smaller calyx (altogether like that of L. nutans), and a
carpophore. The styles are 5.

14, E. cancellata, Jacquem. mss, ; densely hoary-pubescent, stem ens
simple, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, panicle contracte d glan-
flowered, flowers suberect, calyx 5-lobed to below the middle vi Eo
dular, lobes subacute, petals with an auricled claw and short + ,

carpophore woolly, seeds granulate.

Konawag, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, Royle, &c.

Erect, rather slender, covered with close-set often rather long and spre
glandular above. Leaves very variable, 1-2 in. long, radical petioled, cauline lined.
acute or acuminate. lowers in rather distant pairs, shortly pedicelled, me 1
Calyx 4-4 in. long, subcampanulate, green, densely tomentose or woolly ; a reading,
meeting in the segments, broad, green; lobes oblong, erect or somewhat spre scales
ciliate, tips often recurved. Petals with the claw woolly, limb about 4 in. long ioe this
2-fid. Stamens woolly. Styles 4-5.—The deeply cleft calyx is the best mar visions,
species, but possibly not a good one, as I observe some irregularity in the
suggesting an abnormal condition of that organ.

ading hairs,
line sessile,

: in t00
The following Indian species of Lychnis contained in the Kew Herbarium are n
imperfect a condition for determination. ; 991 (Melan-
L. pumita, Royle; Benth. in Royle Ill, 80; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi.

dryum). cies
L. CUNEIFOLIA, Royle; Rohrb. Lc. ; a densely tomentose short large-rooted po
with spathulate leaves, 1n a very young state from Kunawar. bly Silene

MELANDRYUM iwTRUSUM, Kohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 242, is unquestionà
colorata, an introduced plant, alluded to at p. 218. ‘ped Indian
There is a Lychnis in the Herbarium differing from any of the above descri resembles
species, in the upper leaves being linear and rounded at the tip; its flower lected by
that of L. indica. I have seen scraps only from the Shiri Pass in Tibet, co
Heyde, and from Dr. Stewart (locality uncertain but probably from Tibet).

9. HOLOSTEUM, Linn.

. bel-

Annual glandular herbs. Zeaves narrow. Flowers in terminal "rarely
like cymes, Sepals 5. Petals 5, toothed or notched. Stamens S wi
10. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3 (-5) ; ovules many. Capsule suboylin ite con-
twice as many short terminal valves as there are styles. Seeds pe ed."
cavo-convex, dorsally compressed, rough ; embryo horse-shoe §
DisTRIB. Species 3. Europe and W. Asia. :

This genus is distinguished from Arenaria and Stellaria more by habit th
easily defined character.

an by 387 à;

Holosteum.] XVIII. caRYyoPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 227

1. H. umbellatum, Linn. ; leaves rosulate petioled elliptic-oblong.
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 709.

Kasur, Jacquemont, &c.—Distris. W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe.

Stem 4-8 in., very slender, branched below. Leaves 4-1 in. Flowers few, erect;
pedicels 4 in., deflexed after flowering, erect after fruiting ; bracts small, membranous.
epals white, obtuse, edges scarious. Petals rather longer, } in., white or pale pink.
Siamens aud styles often 3 each. Capsules exceeding the sepals. Seeds black.

10. CERASTIUM, Linn.

Pubescent rarely glabrous herbs, often glandular, annual or perennial

aves usually small. lowers white, in terminal dichotomous cymes. Sepals
5, rarely 4. “Petals as many, rarely 0, notched or 2-fid, rarely quite entire or
cut, Stamens 10, rarely 5 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles
usually 3-5 ; ovules many. Capsule cylindric, often curved, with twice as
Many short valves as styles. Seeds compressed, not arillate; embryo
sunular.—DisrRrp. Species about 40, all natives of temperate and cold
€glons,

Cerastium like Holosteum is with difficulty distinguished by technical characters
9m Arenaria and Stellaria.

Secr. I. Dichodon. Styles usually 3.

1. Ç. trigynum, Vilars; perennial, tufted, stem procumbent with
alternating hairy lines or glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, cymes
lowered, bracts herbaceous with membranous edges. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
1715. Stellaria cerastioides, Linn. Sp. Pl. 604. Diplodon cerastioides,
Reich, Te, Fl, Germ, f. 4915. 2. .
yin Western Hiwarnaxa, alt. 11-17,000 ft., from Kulu to Kashmir, and in

ESTERN TIBET, Royle, Jacquemont, &c.—Disrris. Affghanistan, Siberia, W. Asia,

retic regions, Alps of Europe. .

, early glabrous. Leaves 1-4 in, distant, obtuse, often recurved. Flowers 4 in.
ar Pedicels very slender, glandular-pubescent, fruiting reflexed. Sepals linear-

328 spreading, l-nerved. Petals deeply 2-fid. Styles usually 3. Seeds with 8 rows
orsa] tubercles.— Altogether intermediate between Cerastium and Stellaria.

p or, II. Strephodon. Styles 5. Valves of the capsule convolute or
curved at the tip, margins not revolute.
2. C. dahuricum, Fisch. in Spreng. Pugill. ii. 65 ; tall, glabrous or

pubescent below, leaves large oblong sessile or auricled, petals ini as

P as the sepals, claws bearded, capsule straight, seeds tubercled. sg.
VT, i. 717 |

am, SEN Temperate HIMALAYA, alt. 10-11,000 ft., from Kumaon, Str. £ Wint. to
ere <“art.—Distris. Dahuria, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus. Ll Leaves 14-

m anial, Stem stout, ascending amongst shrubs to 12 ft., shining. caves 5

dice connate, obtuse or acute, margined. Cymes with divaricating brave a ar l
*'5 which latter are slender, ebracteolate. Flowers j in. diam. Sepals e ip ie

Subacute, shining, with narrow scarivus edges. Petals twice as long, obcor ate,

apsulé twice as long as the calyx, striate, many-nerved ; valves revolute.

3. €. in . ` landular-pubescent
l » indicum, Wight d Arn. Prodr. 43; slender, glan ular-p D
the c SUbsessile elliptic ovate or lanceolate acute, petals a little exceed yr
Mita capsule straight, teeth recurved. Zhwaites Enum. 24; Wig

Re PENINSULA, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. CEYLON, alt. 6-7000 ft.,
Q2

998 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Cerastium.

Perennial. Stems very slender, flaccid, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-1} in., membranous, not
margined, ciliate, obscurely petioled. Flowers few, in terminal dichotomous cymes;
pedicels divaricate, tomentose. Sepals } in., oblong-lanceolate, acate, margins narrowly
scarious. Capsules rather longer than the sepals.—There is a specimen marked as
Mauritian in Herb. Benth., but I suspect it is Indian; it has, however, rather longer
petals.

Secr. III. Orthodon. Styles 5. Valves of the capsule straight or
slightly spreading; margins revolute or recurved.

4. C. vulgatum, Linn. ; annual or perennial, tomentose or hairy, glan-
dular above, lower leaves spathulate, upper oblong ovate or lanceolate ob-
tuse or acute, petals equalling the calyx, rarely 0 or larger, capsules muc
exceeding the calyx often curved. Wight & Arn. Prodr. 43.

Throughout the temperate and subalpine regions of INprA and CEYLON, ascending b
15,000 ft. in Sikkim and Western Tibet.—DisrRie. Temperate N. Europe and Asia;
introduced into various countvies. .

Stems 6-12 in., erect or suberect, simple or branched, stout or slender. Ons
various, few or many-flowered, open or crowded or subcapitate or subumbelia A
Flowers $-i in. diam., sometimes apetalons or 5-androus. Capsule very variable 1
length, and seeds in amount of granulation or tuberculation. . b

Var. 1. glomerata, Thuillier; annual, pubescence dense spreading, leaves 0 tos
cymes at first subcapitate, fruiting pedicels suberect shorter than the sepals, bracts à
herbaceous, sepals acute densely hairy, margins narrowly membranous.

Var. 2. trivialis, Link; annual or perennial, cymes usually open, |
lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate acute, pubescence shorter less spreading,
herbaceous, sepals lanceolate, margin narrowly membranous. + lower

Var. 3. grandiflora, Don Prodr. 216 (sp.) ; annual, flaccid, stems 6-10 n yin
leaves obovate-spathulate, upper oblong, cymes open, bracts herbaceous, pedicels s ar :
petals twice as long as the calyx.—C. napalense, Wall. Cat. 628. Temperate Himalaya
alt. 6—10,000 ft.

? Var. 4. tibetica; dwarf, densely tufted, leaves oblong or elip!
flowered, bracts all herbaceous, flowers as in var. 3. grandiflora.—Sassat per.
16-17,000 ft., T. Thomson; Ladak, Stewart. Perhaps a new species, but the spec!
are very few. lance?

? Van. 5. membranacea, Jacq. mss, (sp.): stem slender erect, leaves oblong ials
late acute, cymes few-flowered, bracts with broad scarious edges, pedicels slender, P io-
larger than the broadly scarious-edged coloured sepals.— Kunawar, between of the
ghat and Doubling, Jacquemont.—Perhaps a different species or a small sta
following, but we have only 2 stems.

leaves usually
bracts al

lliptie, cymes few
pass alt.
mens

: irs,
5. ©. Thomsoni, Hook. f. ; clothed with spreading glandular rel

stems slender erect, leaves all linear-oblong subacute cymes tew- epals
vers large, Š

bracts with narrow scarious edges, pedicels slender, flow h smaller

oblong-lanceolate subacute coloured below the scarious tips, muc

than the broadly-obovate petals. homon;
Temperate Western Himarava: Kishtwar, alt. 11-12,000 ft., T. £

Kumaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strach. & Wint.; Lahul, Jaeschke. ause of the
We were at first disposed to regard this as the C. grandiflorum, Don, bec oubt

: no
size of the flower: but that plant having broadly obovate lower leaves 1n

rs an
Wallich’s C. napalense (a var. of triviale), which has further much smaller pit
a very different habit from this. Stems 6-12 in., quite erect, rather slen e est
hairy, branched at the very base only. . Leaves 1-14 in., straight, the very wi broad
withering and more obovate. Cymes subumbellate. Flowers y—4 in. diam.,
petals. Fruit unknown.

Stellaria.| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 229

ll. STELLARIA, Linn.

Herbs of various habit. Zeaves various. Flowers in dichotomous cymes,
more rarely solitary and terminal, white. Petals 5, rarely 4, 2-fid or 2-par-
tite or 0., Stamens 10, rarely 8, hypogynous or perigynous. Disk annular
or divided into glands. Ovary 1- rarely 3-celled ; styles 3 or rarely 2-5 ;
ovules many, rarely few. Capsule short, splitting to below the middle or
to the base into as many entire or 2-fid valves as there are styles, Seeds
compressed, tubercled granulate or nearly smooth ; embryo annular.—Drs-
TRIB. Species about 70, natives of all cold and temperate regions.

Scr. L Sehizostegium, Fenzl. Subscandent or decumbent herbs.
Ovary 3-celled. Capsule 1-2-seeded.

l. S. erispata, Wall. Cat. 633 ; tall, glabrous, pubescent above, leaves
large sessile oblong or linear-oblong from a cordate base long-acuminate,
edges crisped, flowers small. S. monosperma, Don Prodr. 215.
al, ERATE Hisarava, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kashmir; Kuasta Mrs.,

- 2-6000 ft. .

Root of fleshy fusiform fibres. Stem 2-4 ft., 4angled, shiniag with a line of fine

irs, nodes often hairy. Leaves 2-9 in., often broadest beyond the middie, pale

neath, rather coriaceous, nerves very faint, one intramarginal, tips very slender,
margin scarcely thickened, more or less crisped. Cymes much branched, pubescent,
uncles and pedicels divaricate, very slender. Sepals & in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
„ate, margin narrowly scarious, Petals as long or twice as long as the sepals. Seeds
or 2, granulate,

„2 S. paniculata, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 35 ; tall, glabrous or
ciliate, leaves petioled lanceolate or elliptic long-acuminate, flowers very
en pubescent. S. media, Wight Cat. 145, not of Linn. H.K t
. PSTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 711,000 ft. ; Sikkim, J. D. H.; Kumaon to
Me pes Edgeworth, &c. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 5000 ft., Grifith, &c. Niran
LU T Uht, &c.
Nearly glabrous or laxly pubescent throughout. Stem 2 ft. high and more, decum-
ut or Suberect, weak, shining, with a line of hairs above. Leaves 14-5 1n. very
variable in shape, membranous, long or shortly acuminate, nerves spreading, one nie
ginal. Cymes glandular pubescent, much branched; peduncles and pedicels very
ender, Spreading. Sepals pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, $-& in. Petals notched,
orter than the sepals, Capsule equalling the calyx. Seeds wrinkled.

3. S. drymari ; : bent, rooting, gla-
. oides, Thwaites Enum. 24; procumbent, g
brous below, glandular-pubescent above, leaves petioled orbicular or broadly
Puc acute or apiculate, flowers small densely pubescent.
EYLON ; Harpootelle pass, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites, . .
el tems slender, flaccid, tangled : branches erect. Leaves $14 in. diam., with a few
attered hairs - petals 4,—} in.; nerves spreading. Cymes with long slender ne | Me
uncles and pedicels, the latter often thickened upwards. Petals 2-fid, half as ong
pa .9 sepals, — Disk 5-lobed. Capsule included, 1-seeded. — Closely allie lo lv
res culata and probably a broad.leaved state of that plant, the foliage and habit GP
the Ieee "ymaria cordifolia, which may at once be distinguished by the nervation o

Secr, IT. Malachi Fri Jepuls free to the base. Stamens hypo-
Cus. Sr l ly Be var lel ule with 5 2-fid valves,
many-seede 1 es usually 5. Ovary l-celled. Caps

+ s. aquatie ; e sli tem diffuse decum-

a, Scopoli ; slightly glandular above, stem diii +
eat angular, leaves ovate-cordate, *Gerastium aquaticum, Linn. Mala-
. Quaticum, Fries; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 731.

230 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Stellaria.

Temperate HiwALAYA; from Nipal to Marri, alt. 4-8000 ft.—Dirsrnrs. N. and W.
Asia, N. Africa, Europe.

Perennial. Stem 1-3 ft., brittle, branched, often trailing over bushes. Leaves
1-1} in., membranous, lower shortly petioled, acute, sometimes ciliate. Flowers y in.
diam., axillary. Sepals lanceolate, enlarged in fruit. Petals with diverging lobes.
Capsule 1 in., ovoid, rather exceeding the sepals; peduncle deflexed, curved at the tip.
Seeds globose, tubercled.

Sect. III. Stellaria proper. Sepals free to the base. Stamens hype
gynous or subperigynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-3. Capsule with
entire valves. Seeds numerous, rarely few.

5. S. media, Linn. ; stem procumbent with a line of hairs, leaves onis
acuminate lower petioled upper sessile, cymes many-flowered, sepals ors
subacute or obtuse, petals shorter than the glandular sepals or 0, egre
3-10, styles 3, seeds opaque strongly tubercled or echinate. Wall. Cat. p
Wight Ic. t. 947; Bows. Fl. Orient. i. 707. S. monogyna, Don Prodr. 219.
Alsinella Wallichiana, Benth, in Wall. Cat. 630.

Throughout the Pangan, and temperate regions of India, ascending in the Hoe
to 12,000 ft., and in Western "Tiger to 14,500 ft. Cryion; Newera Ellia, prod
introduced.— Distris. All Arctic and N. temperate regions, a doubtful native elsew e .

A very common and most variable weed. Stems 6 in. 2 ft., generally much brane si W
flaccid, green. Leaves 4-1 in., lower long-petioled, ovate or cordate, upper A cels
elliptic or lanceolate. Flowers axillary and in terminal cymes, 1-3 in. diam. ; Par t
slender, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Sepals obtuse or subacute, hairy glam b ova
covered with raised points. Capsule ovoid, longer than the sepals. Seeds brown
acutely tubercled.—F'lowers 4-merous and apetalous in Alpine Sikkim specimens.

6. S. sikkimensis, Hook. f. ; decumbent, stems shining below, mue
branched laxly pubescent or villous with spreading hairs, leaves small is :
ovate or ovate-lanceolate rarely cordate, cymes terminal many-flow
sepals lanceolate acuminate pilose much exceeding the 2-partite pes
stamens 10, styles 3, capsule not exceeding the sepals.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; common, alt. 5-9000 ft., Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. .

Otten forming matted tufts, clothed with flaccid brown spreading hairs. hairy on
1-8 in., spreading recurved or reflexed, acute, very shortly-petioled, opaque, pi! s,
both surfaces and ciliate. Flowers } in. diam. ; pedicels rather longer than t Saale
spreading, decurved in fruit. Sepals with broad scarious margins. Capsule € aque,
ovoid, rather longer than the sepals; valves 5, entire. Seeds many, minute, B wit
scarcely tubercled —Subalpine specimens have more coriaceous deflexed leave’ mo
strongly recurved margins. Nearly allied to S. saxatilis, but less perigymoU ©
laxly hairy, and cymes much shorter peduncled and terminal.

ut
7. S. semivestita, Hdgew. ; more or less woolly, stem elonga te ote
decumbent much branched leafy, leaves spreading and recurved su inate
peduncles axillary much exceeding the leaves, sepals lanceolate acum A
with broad scarious margins shorter than the petals, stamens 10, sty an
Western TEMPERATE HiMALAYA ; Kumaon, alt. 6-8000 ft.; Lohoo-ghat
Dadooka Taola, T. Thomson; Chaur, Strach. & Wint. h ascend
Forming large compact or lax tufts. Stems 6-18 in., terete below; brant P recurved
ing, crowded, very leafy, white with woolly hairs. Leaves }-3 in. gradua “in, diam.;
from a broad base, 1-nerved, woolly on both surfaces or glabrate. Flow tome
peduncles 1 in., very woolly. Sepals } in., very acuminate, back striate,
Petals 2-partite, rather broad. Fruit unknown. der
8. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 642 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous, stem o
decumbent branched leafy, leaves`spreading linear or acicular, P

Stllaria.] XVIII, CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 231

axillary capillary very long, sepals lanceolate acuminate much shorter than
the 2fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2 Benth. in Royle Ill. 81, t. 21, f. 2.

WESTERN "TEMPERATE Himaraya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon to Sirmur, Blink-
worth, &c.

Stems zigzag, 6-12 in., 4-angled. Leaves 3 in., shining, with long acicular points,
l-nerved, sessile, rather rigid. Flowers axillary, suberect, 4 in. diam. ; pedicels strict,
1-2 m., erect in fruit. Sepals shining, 1 in.; back striate, margins broadly scarious
shining. Petals 2-fid to about the middle, lobes narrow obtuse. Capsule equalling the
sepals, ovoid, 6-valved. Seeds pale-brown, reniform, compressed, back echinate with
Ong processes.

9. S. latifolia, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 643 (Leucostemma); glabrous
below, tomentose above, stems decumbent flaccid laxly tufted, leaves sub-
sessile margins acuminate, lower broad-ovate or cordate, upper elliptic,
pedicels very slender, sepals oblong or subulate-lanceolate much shorter
than the 2-fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2, capsule much shorter than the
Sepals, Benth. in Royle Ill. 81, t. 21, f. 1.

Western TEMPERATE HiMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft.; Kumaon, Blinkworth, &c.; Gar-
whal, Falconer. ,

Stems 2-10 in., flexuous, 4-angled, glabrous, shining except the young, which are
axly tomentose, much branched. Leaves; lower, 4-3 in., almost orbicular at times,
shortly petioled, suddenly mucronate, margins thickened, veins diverging, upper smaller
narrower, Flowers 4 in. diam. ; pedicels terminal and in the uppermost axils, capil-
ary, glabrous. Sepals green, with a narrow scarious border. Petals 2-fid to about the
middle, lobes oblong obtuse. Capsule short, ovoid, included, membranous, hyaline, ap-
Parently bursting irregularly. Seeds orbicular, brown, nearly smooth.

10. S. bulbosa, Wulf.; rhizome slender creeping tuberiferous, stem
slender simple with a line of hairs, leaves few obovate or elliptic-lanceolate
Subacute, pedicel solitary subterminal capillary erect, sepals 4-5 much
shorter than the broad petals. DC. Prodr. i. 397 ; Cesati in Linnea, xxxi.
253, t. 1. Kraschninnikowia rupestris, Z'urcz. in Led. Fl. Ross, i. 373.

^ TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, in woods at the roots of trees; Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, alt.
p. 12,000 ft, J. D. H. Jamu to Marri, alt. 6-9000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.—
ISTRIB, Siberia, Carinthia, N. Italy. un
very peculiar and interesting little plant in respect of structure and distribution, -

confined to Carinthia and Transylvania in Europe, and to Siberia and the Himalayas
fest Stem 1-5 in., erect, very slender. Leaves 2-6 pairs, 1-14 in. long, rather
SAY, sessile or contracted into a petiole; margins sometimes ciliate ; midrib slender,
erves very obscure, Flowers often dimorphic, the lower on the plant from the inferior
Pelicels or rhizomes being minute apetalous and ripening seeds, the subterminal large,
eol; diam , rarely or not producing seed. Sepals herbaceous, oblong lanceolate or lan-
8. ate 4-3 in. shorter than the white petals. Anthers purple. Styles fili orm fas 2
led, 4-valved to the base. Seeds few, large, tuberculate.— The seeds of Siberian
“Peclinens have long processes on the back.

[ 4
nde, tbetio j ora. 1872, 285 ; whole plant densely
slandular-pubescent, Kurz in Regeneb. Flora. I robust, leaves sessile oblong
ce p or acute, cymes erect peduncled few-flowered, peduncle and pe li-
elli Rout bracts ovate coriaceous, sepals much shorter than the p ;
Due acute margins submembranous. f
1-17,000 & |y on limestone rocks near Trantse Lundo, in Karnag, alt.
D *) r. Stolicz a |
idrib ejes indric, b ini es suberect, 4-3 in., opaque,
em slender, eriee epe ete MEET poscit robust ; pedicels longer
Porter than the flowers, the lateral 2-bracteolate. Flowers j in.diam., erect. Calyx

939 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Stellaria

rounded at the base, quite free. Petals half as long again as the sepals, 2-fid to the
middle. Filaments slender, hypogynous. Disk 0. Styles 3, slender ; ovules numerat
Capsule broadly ovoid, shorter than the sepals, 6-valved, inserted by a very narrow base.
Seeds (unripe) apparently solitary, large, muricate.

Secr. IV. Larbræa, St. Hil. Sepals more or less connate at the base
into an obconic tube. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; filaments linear or subu-
late, not suddenly dilated at the base. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3, rarely +:
Capsule 4-6-valved ; valves entire. Seeds numerous.— Usually flaccid laxly
cespitose herbs.

* More or less pubescent woolly or silky.

12. S. lanata, Hook. 7.; stems slender decumbent glabrous below;
branches pedicels sepals and leaves beneath densely woolly, ea ls
spreading and recurved linear-oblong, sepals small oblong acute, pe
minute, stamens 8, styles 3, capsule twice as long as the sepals.

Sixxm HiyALAYA, alt. 9-14,000 ft., in gravelly places, J. D. H.

Stems laxly tufted, very slender, 8-12 i. below cylindric and shining i branches
4-angled and leaves beneath clothed with snow-white soft wool. Leaves #- me " rdly
or subcordate at the base, opaque above, 1-nerved, narrowed to the point, bu dicels
acuminate, dull green. Cymes few-flowered, terminal. Flowers à in. diam. ; pe now
rather longer than the leaves, erect in fruit, rarely deflexed. Sepals wit Pong.
scarious margins. Petals very obscure, 2-fid or 2-partite, lobes slender. Capsule o
ovoid, 4-6-valved. Seeds brown, reniform, granulate.

13. S. longissima, Wall. Cat. 632 ; stems slender decumbent glabro
below, branches pedicels and leaves softly silky, leaves sessile linear. oe.
or -lanceolate spreading or recurved, pedicels slender, sepals na than
lanceolate equalling the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter Lis,
the sepals 5-cleft. S. patens, Don Prodr. 215. S. Fenzliana and 5. m
Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. p. 141, t. 29.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, J. D. H,
Jacquemont. b upper

Stems 6-18 in., much-branched, laxly tufted, cylindric below, 4-angled al ore paves
parts and leaves on both surfaces and peduncles clothed with long lax silky bain. in ter-
2-1} in., sessile, acute, flat, opaque, l-nerved. lowers y in. diam., axillary 9
minal few-flowered cymes; peduncle erect, 1-1 in. ; bracts with scarious edges ments,
+ in., glabrous, with broad scarious margins. Petals with rather prose 8 ark-
usually deeply 2-partite. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 5-valved. by the more
brown, minute, turgid, tubercled.—Klotzsch's L. Fenzlii is distinguished by
deeply divided petals and by being less pubescent.

ent
14. S. saxatilis, Homilt. in Wall. Cat. 634; stem long dece
shining, upper parts densely soft tomentose, leaves subsessile ova ^xillary,
or oblong rarely cordate acute tomentose on both surfaces, cymes les 2-5
sepals tomentose exceeding the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, sty
capsules equalling the sepals: Don Prodr. 215. in wet
TrwrERATE Eastern and CENTRAL Himaraya; Nipal, Wallich ; Bhotamp" m.
places, alt. 5-7000 ft., Griffith. Kasia Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Simons, &c.
Java, Siberia, Japan. ` s and inflo-
Stems 2-3 ft., laxly tufted, cylindric ; pubescence of the upper parts, leave Leaves
rescence close dense almost woolly, sometimes very thick and closely appre eduncles
3-14 in., sessile or very shortly petioled, midrib faint. Cymes on. on Nd diva-
usually from the forks, very slender, subumbellately branched, pedicels 1- oblong,
ricating ; bracts linear-subulate. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals almost vong slender,
acute, margin very narrowly membranous. Petals 2-partite. Filamen ery
Capsule 5-valved. ` Seeds almost black, tubercled.—Some Bhotan specimens

to Sirmur,

Stellaria.| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 233

densely tomentose cordate thick almost coriaceous leaves. The Javanese have recurved
much more glabrous and acute leaves.

** Glabrous, or leaves ciliolate towards the base only.

l5. S. graminea, Linn. ; glabrous, stem very slender (rarely short)
suberect 4-angled, leaves sessile narrow linear-oblong acute, margins
thickened smooth often ciliate towards the base, cymes terminal branches
or reduced to one flower, sepals linear-oblong 3-nerved margin narrow equal-
ing the petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient.
1 707. .

p ESTERS Tiper ; alt. 11-15,000 ft., T. "Thomson. — Disrgi. Affghanistan to W.
urope.

Everywhere glabrous except the margins of the leaf towards its base. Stems
3-10 in., suberect or decumbent and tufted, shining, 4-angled. Leaves 4-1 in., ib and
narrowed at the base, sides almost parallel, opaque, somewhat glaucous, midri and
nerves obscure, margins thickened, quite smooth, sometimes undulate. Cymes prea
mg; pedicels very slender, divaricating, 1-1 in.; bracts oblong-lanceolate, wit AA ly
Warlous margins. Flowers erect, about jin. diam. Sepals green, shining, o use r
ute, Petals 2-partite. Filaments slender. Styles 3. Capsule always shorter tha

* sepals, 5-6-valved. Seeds oran e-brown, granulate.

AR. montioides; stems short densely tufted, leaves small short, cyme reduced to
1 flower.—Alt, 15-1 7,000 ft.

16. S. glauca, Witherin ; quite glabrous, stem suberect or erect
tangled, enre sessile oblong d linear-lanceolate acuminate, margins
thickened perfectly glabrous, pedicels subsolitary terminal and ax ary
Slender spreading in fruit, sepals linear-oblong half as long as the l roar
wagbed petals, stamens 10, capsule equalling the sepals. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i.

WesTerN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; Lahul, Jaeschke; Western TinrT, Indus valley,
T. Thomson — Disrkip. Siberia, W. Asia, Europe, Greenland. ded, ascending
frennial. Stems 1-2 ft, slender. Leaves 1-2 in., sessile, base rounded, a edicels

or erecto-patent, midrib distinct, nerves obscure. Flowers 3—3 in. diam. ; Pv slong
rather stout, Strict, 1-3 in.; bracts membranous. Sepals oblong- or lanceolate Sender,
Ute or acuminate, green, 3-nerved, margins broadly scarious. Filaments s .

steele broadly ovoid, equalling the sepals, on rather spreading pedicels. Seeds
tongly granulate,

rM. S. uliginosa, Linn. ; glabrous or with a few hairs at the pase
ni the leaves, stems slender 4-angled, leaves sessile small ovato or, - Me
lanes ate: cymes axillary and terminal, pedicels at length deflexed, $
olat "e qe
a little exceedin . "iss, Fl. Orient. i. 708. S. thymifolia,
- v g the sepals. Boiss. Fl. re . . ‘at.
Me l Cat. 636 (apetalous, leaves short broad). S. aquatica, Poll. ; Wall. Ca
(glaucous, leaves oblong).

00 ft.
Ë Si ATE and ALPINE HiwaLAYA; in wet places, from 4-10,000 ft. (to 16,000

, | 7; ght.— DisTRIB.
m), common. KmasrA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft. Niron Mrs., Wight.—Distr
emperate N 23

l& $ sub labrous, stem very slender
"vn umbellata, Zdgew.; perfectly glabrous, .
*Scending, leaves sessile linear A elliptic-oblong acute, cymes terminal or

934 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Stellaria.

flowers solitary, pedicels capillary deflexed in fruit, flowers very small, sepals
ovate-lanceolate acute, petals 0, stamens 5, styles 3, capsule cylindric twice
as long as the sepals.

Interior of the Sikkim Hrwarava, alt. 12-16,000 ft., J. D.A. Westers TIBET;
Nubra, alt. 11-15,000 ft., 7. Thomson.

Stems 6 in. high in Nubra specimens very slender simple, stouter shorter and more
tufted in the Sikkim ones. Leaves }—}in., with thickened margin and tip, not mucro-
nate. Flowers $ in. diam..; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts scarious. Calyx base obscure ;
sepals green, strongly 3-nerved, with broad scarious margins. Filaments slender
Styles short. Capsule din. long, straight, 5-valved. Seeds pale brown, distine y
granulate.—Very near the Baikal S. umbellata, Turcz. (Led. Flor. Ross. 1. 394), bat
the bracts are not numerous and crowded, and the seeds are not perfectly smooth, bu
strongly granulate.

19. S. depauperata, Ldgew. ; quite glabrous, stems slender flexuous
red-brown, leaves spreading and recurved sessile oblong-lanceolate acute,
pedicels few axillary and terminal elongate curved wiry, flowers sma i
calyx with a broad turbinate base, sepals lanceolate acute petals 0, styles
very short, capsule 6-valved, seeds few.

ALPINE SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Yeumtong in gravelly places, alt. 15,000 ft, J. D. H in
A very singular little species, of which there are but few specimens, all gathere x
one spot. Stems 3-4 in., wiry, flexuous, 4-angled, dark red brown. Leaves few, ED T:
in distant pairs. Pedicels 4-1 in. long, wiry, flexuous. Calyx base large and e
sepals š in. dark green with broad scarious edges. Filaments linear. Ovary T M
ovoid; styles 3, very short. Capsule shorter than the sepals.—The structure 9

flower approaches that of Sect. Adenonema.

Sect. V. Adenonema, Bunge. Sepals connate at the broad base.
Petals minute or 0, rarely equalling the sepals. Stamens 8-10, perigynous
filaments dilated at the base. Disk glandular. Ovary 1-celled ; styles, i
Capsule 3-5-valved. Seeds 1 or few or many.—Densely tufted Alpin

erbs.

20. S. decumbens, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 35; laxly «li
densely tufted, usually very shining, stems stout or slender and pe Pi on
densely pubescent or villous, branches sparse or closely imbricate o "s
fascicled in axillary globose tufts, ovate or oblong or lanceolate SU la-
acicular-pointed (rarely acute or obtuse) l-nerved, margins thicken Ete
brous or ciliate, flowers solitary or cymose, sepals 4-5 oblong-lanceo :
petals usually very short 2-partite narrow, capsule shorter than the sep
seeds 2-8 opaque nearly smooth suborbicular.

ALPINE AND SUBALPINE Himataya, in rocky and gravelly places, al
(18,000 ft. in Sikkim). Bunge,

A very common and variable Alpine Himalayan plant, allied to S. petran, "les.
but at once distinguished by its shorter shining less rigid leaves, and den houg
cence.— We are quite unable to distinguish the following varieties specifica »
var. 4 is less connected by intermediates than the others, and may be different.

a. Flowers solitary. » briate

Var. 1; tufts large lax shining 6-18 in. broad, leaves } in. usually im at
often in axillary tufts usually ovate-snbulate, sepals 5, petals minute.—*-
Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. {not of Bunge).—Sikkim and Kunawar. der spread

Van. 2. Edgeworthii; tufts lax shining, stems slender, leaves sparse slen ades
ing } in. subulate-lanceolate, petals minute.—S. decumbens, Hdgew. Lo. E ume ie

Var. 3. minor; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves shining or not 4 in. ovate- OF "
subulate often in axillary fascicles, sepals 4, petals minute.—Sikkim. gubulatey

Var. 4. Stracheyi; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves š in. not shining ovate-

t 11-15,000 ft.

Stellaria.] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 235

petals equalling the 5 sepals.—Kumaon, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Str. & Wint. (with S. & W.
Yo. 6).

Van. 5. pulvinata; forming dense globose or cushion-like masses, opaque or shining,
leaves densely imbricate ovate-subulate or the lower oblong and rounded at the tip
usually ciliate, sepals 4-5 coriaceous.—Garwhal, at great elevations, 16-18,000 ft.,
Str. & Wint.; WESTERN Tiser, T. Thomson ; Sikkim, J. D. H.

b. Flowers cymose. .

Van. 6. polyantha ; tufts dense shining, stem stout, leaves 1—1 in., ovate- or lanceo-
late-subulate ciliate or pubescent, cvmes sessile many-flowered, sepals 5, petals minute.
—Kashuir, Royle; Sikkim, J . D. H. . ..

Var. 7. acicularis; stems lax and leaves very shining, leaves erecto-patent rigid
narrow subulate-lanceolate keeled, margins smooth, cymes peduncled lax many-

owered, bracts large concave scarious, sepals 4-5, petals minute.—Sikkim, at Tungu,
alt. 12-14,000 ft.

12. BRACHYSTEMMA, Don.

A diffuse subscandent branching herb. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers
numerous, in axillary or terminal panicles. Sepals 5,subscarious. Petals 5,
Minute, narrow and quite entire. Stamens 10, 5 without anthers. Ovary
l-celled ; styles 2; ovules 4. Capsule globose, depressed, 4-valved, 1-seeded.

eed reniform or globose, tuberculate.

l. B. calycinum, Don Prodr. 646 ; Fenzl in Endl. Atakt. t. 16.

TEMPERATE CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt.
4-7000 ft., J. D. H. ; Bhotan, Grifith; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3000 ft. .. »

Glabrous. Stems 6-8 ft., clambering amongst bushes, 4-angled, shining, britile.
faves 11-3 in., petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous beneath, triple-nerved, mar-
gms obscurely crenulate. Cymes 3-6 in., pedicelled, terminating lateral branc es
or axillary ; ‘bracts linear; pedicels slender. Flowers 1-8 in. diam. Sepals ollong-
lanceolate, Petals, stamens and pistil all very small compared with the scarious sepals.

13. ARENARIA, Linn.

Annual or perennial, often tufted herbs, Leaves broad or narrow.
Flower. 8 white or pink, solitary or in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5. Petals
5, entire lacerate or retuse, never 2-fid or 2-partite, rarely 0. Stamens 5,
Perigynous or subhypogynous. Stamens 10, rarely 5, hypogynous or more
9Iten inserted on the perigynous lobed or annular disk. Ovary 1-ce "i 3
Styles 3-4 (rarely 2) ; ovules usually many. Capsule short, rarely excee ding

e sepals, valves 2-6, Seeds compressed or turgid, smooth or tubercled.—

‘STRIB. Species about 130, all natives of cold and temperate regions.

A. Capsule with as many valves (usually 3) as there are styles.

Secr. I. A1 i L in the Indian spe-
: ;^. 4Isine. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves 1n t
Les broad fat. Flowers small, cymose white. Calyx not thickened at the
ase. Styles 3, Seeds compressed, striate or granulate.

ma: trichotoma Royle mss; perennial erect, dichotomously
t runched branches long strict spreading finely pubescent, leaves glabrous
chote: w linear-oblong from a broad sessile base, cymes long pedunc ed tr
the mous, pedicels slender, bracts scarious, petals equalling or exce ling
pre bed e Oblong acute broadly-margined sepals, seeds 3-5 orbicular c

ESTERN Temperate HIMALAY A; Kunawar, alt. 8-10,000 ft., Jaequemont, Royle,
ISTRIB. Affghanistan.
arly glabrous, 1-14 ft, Stems rather stout and flexuous at the base ; branches terete,

9960 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Arenaria.

very strict. Leaves }-1} in. in distant pairs, or spurionsly whorled, subacute, thick,
opaque, 1-nerved, acute, margins somewhat recurved. Cymes Very n 8 Ü 2 diam.
branches and pedicels very long; bracts and bracteoles small. overs dl
erect. Calyx rounded and not hardened at the base; sepals quite gla roun te ic
l-nerved. Styles 3, slender. Capsule subglabrous, 3-valved. Seeds striolate,
compressed, pale red-brown.

2. A. Meyeri, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 682 (Alsine) ; annual, fastigiste y
dichotomous, clothed with spreading glandular hairs, leaves su ei e served,
late 7-nerved, pedicels short, sepals rigid subulate-lanceolate strongly
petals very short, seeds small granulate. dit

Pangan, near Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart.—MisrRis. Affghanistan, and westwa

rria and Asia Minor. .

A "mall rigid erect annual, 4-6 in. Stems cylindric. Leaves }-} in. ed M^
recurved. Calyx j in. long; base rounded or subacute; sepals erect, his ' Petals
slightly recurved, pungent, outer 5-, inner 3-nerved, nerves and margins w te horer
ovate-oblong. Stamens sometimes 6 and 7. Styles 3. Capsule oblong, 1
than the sepals, 3-valved. Seeds red-brown, orbicular reniform, compressed.

3. A. foliosa, Royle mss. ; quite glabrous, loosely tufted, stema much
branched, branches slender leafy, leaves very narrow linear subach te P rae-
ing often flexuous 1-3-nerved, cymes long-peduncled subum e a erve
teoles short ovate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate strong The sepals
shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer than the, d

. e
valves recurved, seeds reniform dorsally granulate. Alsine Royle, Zen
in Herb. Benth.

. or le
P WESTERN SUBALPINE HIMALAYA, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Garwhal to Kashmir, Royte,
acquemont, &c. afy.
Perennial branched from the base; branches 2-6 in., loosely or densely elt
Leaves I» in. usually spreading, never rigid or pungent, not jy in. eos acute,
green. Peduncles sparingly leafy, strict, erect ; bracts and bracteoles coria : ne indu-
concave; pedicels equalling or exceeding the sepals, Calyx rounded A inner with
rated at the base; sepals in., coriaceous, pungent, nerves much raised, orm of A.
scarious edges. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds small, pale brown.—Perhaps a.
juniperina, Fenzl (Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 677), a native of Persia and W. Asi

eschke;
Western TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-7000 ft., T. Thomson; Lahul, Ja
Western Tirer, Falconer.

STERN 1 one eaves more

Very similar to A. foliosa, but usually glandular-pubescent throughout, | bracts very
subulate and rigid, very strongly nerved, lateral nerves often marginal, als longer ; the
different ; flowers smaller ; pedicels often shorter than the sepals ; peta

capsule and seeds are similar.
B. Capsule with twice as many valves as there are styles. \

ves
Sect. IL Eremogoneæ. Perennials, usually densely tafe’. ned at
crowded, subulate rigid setaceous or grass-like. Sepals often
the base. Disk-glands usually large. )
* Peduncles elongate. Flowers usually cymose. |y tufted,
' 5. A. festucoides, Benth. i» Royle Ill 81, t. 21, f. 3; dense 7

Arenaria.] XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEJE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f£) 937

leaves densely crowded subulate pungent rigid recurved 1-nerved beneath
ciliolate, peduncles 1- or few-flowered glandular-pubescent, sepals lanceolate
or subulate-lanceolate straight or recurved 1—3-nerved, margins broadly
scarious shorter than the petals, capsule oblong 5-6-valved to the base
shorter than the sepals, seeds flat with a narrow fimbriate wing.

Wesrern ArPINE Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kunawar; alt. 11—13,000 ft., Royle,
Jacquemont, &c. WESTERN Tier, Karnali river, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. d Wint.

ery variable in stature, 2-8 in. Leaves with axillary fascicles, 1-14 in., shining,
rather concave above, usually recurved, pungent, margin ciliolate, nerve strong beneath.
Peduncle 1-6 in., erect or curved, leafy, 1- rarely 2-5-flowered, always very glandular ;
bracts ovate-subulate, with broadly scarious margins; pedicels shorter or longer than
the sepals. Calyx scarcely thickened at the base; sepals } to nearly 3 in., from ovate-
lanceolate to subulate lanceolate, sometimes falcate, long acuminate, pungent, margin
broadly scarious, back green with 3 approximate nerves, glabrous or glandular-pubescent.

etals sometimes twice as long as the sepals, obovate, variable in length and breadth.
Capsule coriaceous, rarely equalling the sepals. Seeds very flat, pale.

AR. imbricata; smaller, stems verv short densely tufted, leaves } in., peduncles
very short. ? A. imbricata, M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 344, which differs only in the
capsule exceeding the sepals.—Ledebour and Boissier (FU. Orient. i. 673), both refer
A. imbricata to Alsine, but the capsule in original specimens is distinctly 6-valved.

6. A. Griffithii, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 697 ; suffruticose, tufted, glabrous
or glandular, leaves densely crowded short subulate pungent rigid straight
or recurved 1-nerved beneath ciliolate, peduncle several-flowered, sepals
ovate acute concave obscurely nerved shorter than the petals, capsule glo-
bose 6-valved shorter than the sepals,

WESTERN Tiser ; Dras valley, alt. 8-10,000 ft., T. Thomson.—Distnis. Affghanistan.

A more robust species tlian A. festucoides, with usually shorter though quite as rigid
eaves, short concave ovate-subulate bracts, more numerous and smaller flowers, calyx
rounded and much thickened at the base, broader sepals, and a globose or very broadly
ovoid coriaceous capsule.

** Flowers always solitary, sessile or very shortly pedicelled.

z. A. musciformis, Wall. Cat, 6401 ; glabrous, most densely tufted,
Toot long woody, stem very short densely leafy, leaves subulate spreading
and recurved rigid minutely ciliate, flowers sessile solitary, sepals oblong-
anceolate acute 3-nerved rather shorter and narrower than the linear
obovate petals,

ALPINE Eastern and Western Ting, alt. 16-18,000 ft, Webb, Jacquemont ;
alch pass, Strach. d Winterb.; Karakoram and Parang passes, &c., T. Thomson ;
Ibetan Sikkim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. H.
ormmg matted hard tufts; roots very long, strong, woody. Leaves subsquarrose
en dry pale green, $-1 in., with broad sheathing scarious bases, 1-nerved below.
owers sessile, solitary, } in. diam. Calyx narrow subtruncate and hardened at the
456 ; sepals green with broad scarious margins, outer 3-, inner I-nerved. Petals per-
Sistent, tip rounded, Filaments long, slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule apparently
hever fertilized in the specimens collected, small, globose, 5-6-valved to the base.— The

TM of the Sikkim specimen are 4 in. which is longer than those of the Western
imalaya,

wh

5. A. polytrichoides, Zdgeu. ; most densely tufted, branches together
With the most densely imbricating leaves cylindric, leaves short spreading
and recurved subulate from a broad. scarious sheathing base rigid pungent,
+ annelled in front convex on the back, margins thickened obscurely ciliate

owards the base, flowers minute subsessile, sepals broadly elliptic obtuse,
Petals larger broadly obovate, capsule broad equalling the sepals,

938 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria.

Tibetan region of the Sixx HIMALAYA, alt. 14-17,000 ft., J. D. H. .

Forming hemispherical moss-like tufts of densely packed cylindric stems 1—4 m. long,
clothed with old leaves below, together with these about í in. diam. Leaves à-4 in.
bright green, shining. Peduncles lengthening a little in fruit. Calyx rounded an
much thickened at the base; sepals jy in., very obtuse, concave, without scarious mar-
gins, obscurely 3-nerved. Petals broader and longer than the sepals, obovate. Filaments
slender. Styles 3. Capsule broadly ovoid, coriaceous, l-celled, shortly 5-6-valved.
¿eds small, black, rather angular, nearly smooth.

9. A. monticola, Zdgew.; glabrous, very densely tufted, branches
densely leafy, leaves short spreading and recurved subulate from a broa
searious sheathing base rigid tip acicular margin thickened minutely
ciliate, midrib prominent on both surfaces, floral Jarger lanceolate-subulate
scarious, flowers large sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate with 2 close-
set green nerves in the axis much smaller than the broad obovate petals.

Tibetan region of the Sikkim HiMALAYA, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. H. :

Forming large subsquarrose green patches, 6-12 in. broad; roots long, woody ;
branches with the leaves about Z in. diam. Lvaves } in., rigid, midrib very strong,
bright green, shining. Flowers 3 in. diam., bracteate by the 2 upper pairs of leaves.
Calyx truncate, not thickened at the base; sepals 1 in., nerves very strong, s
mate. Petals 4 in. long, persistent, white, shortly clawed. Filaments slender. Styles
3, slender. Capsule apparently never fertilized, small, subglobose, 6-valved.

10, A. pulvinata, Zdgew.; densely tufted, branches densely leafy,
leaves short subulate from a scarious sheathing base semi-cylindric mucro
nate margin not thickened strongly ciliate, midrib usually obsolete, flowers
sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate subacute with 3 close-set nerves in the axis
much smaller than the obovate petals,

Tibetan region of the Sikxiw Himauaya, alt. 15-18,000 ft., J. D. H. th the
Forming small subglobose densely compacted subsquarrose tufts ; branches with :
leaves on 4-3 iu. diam., pale green. Leaves spreading and recurved, 1— m» yee

strongly ciliate, almost fimbriate towards the base, flat above, back convex up to '
tip, which is abruptly mucronate. Flowers 1 in. diam., not bracteate by the enlarge
upper leaves (as in A. monticola). Calyx rounded and thickened at the base: seph,
with hard scarious margins, about half as large as the petals. Disk-ylands distin’
Filaments slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule ovoid, about § in., shorter than
sepals, 6-valved. Seeds obovate-reniform, nearly smooth, pale.

11. A. oreophila, //ook. f.; nearly glabrous, densely tufted, mo
short densely leafy, leaves spreading and recurved rigid narrowly lines
subulate from a broad sheathing base semi-cylindric acute margins e
thickened quite glabrous, midrib obsolete, flowers very shortly pedice row
sepals nearly orbicular concave nerveless half as long as the nar
obovate-spathulate petals.

‘Tibetan region of the Sikkim HIMALAYA, alt. 18,000 ft., J. D. H. -3 in.

Forming small subglobose densely compacted tufts; branches with the leaves k: be-
diam. Leaves nearly j in. long, spreading, nearly flat above, convex to the arr;
neath; uppermost pair short, bractlike, ciliolate. "lowers $ in. diam. 5^ thick-
pedicel shorter than the calyx, stout, puberulous Calyx rounded and somewhat ed.
ened at the base; sepals coriaceous, ciliolate. Petals very narrow, UP |» ovoid
Filaments s'ender. Disk glands prominent. Styles short. Capsule broadly o ear-
obtuse, rather exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, 6-valved to the base. Seo
shaped.

nt

14, A. globiflora, Wall. Cat. 639; densely tufted, stems short pubem,

densely leafy, leaves spreading subulate-lanceolate pungent from à lobose,
membranous base concave 1-nerved, margin scaberulous, flowers 8

Arenaria] XVIII. CARYOPHYLEX, (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 239

pedicels short pubescent with several pairs of ovate pungent bracts, sepals
or icular-oblong palmately veined rather ‘shorter than the orbicular-ovate

Petals. Fenzl in Ann. Mus. Wien. i. 60, t. 7. Cherleria grandiflora, Don
Prodr, 914.

Alpine region of the Niras HIMALAYA, at Gosain-than, Wallich. .
orming small compact hemispherical tufts; roots long, fusiform. Stems 1-2 in.
Leaves 3 in., rigid, base ciliate. — "lowers 3 in. diam., peduncle about as long, with
2-3 pairs of concave bracts. Calyx rounded at the base; sepals membranous, mar-
gins very thin, erose. Petals retuse. Filaments very rigid, subulate, cohering into an
annular disk at the base. Ovary spherical; styles 2-3, short. Capsule much shorter
than the sepals, membranous, 6-valved.—Don describes the flowers as rose-coloured,
Which we cannot affirm, and the stigmas as capitate, which is not the case, nor do we
d the capsule to be 3-celled, as Don says it is.

13. A. densissima, Wall. Cut. 640; densely tufted, stems clothed with
e imbricating leaf-bases, leaves recurved su bulate-lanceolate from a narrow
ase pungent concave nerveless keeled below, margin quite smooth, flowers
axillary solitary shortly pedicelled, bracts elliptic concave mucronate, sepals
ovate half as long as the very narrow petals. Fenzl in Mus. Wien. i. 60, t. 7.

erieria juniperina, Don Prodr. 914.

Alpine ? region of the Nipar Himanaya, Gosain-than, Wallich. . lv
leafy nS arge compact tufts; roots long, woody. Stems crowded, 3-4 in., densely
Sepals er fragile. Leaves ł-} in. almost deflexed, shining. lowers very sall.

Subacute, yy in. long, Petals linear-spathulate. Capsule globose.

Sect, IV

v oblo ng, br
Conspicuous,

Euthalia. Lax or tufted, usually perennial. Leaves ovate
oad, never subulate. Flowers cymose or solitary. Disk usually
Capsule 6-valved. Seeds numerous, rarely few.

*
Cymes few- or many- rarely 1-flowered.

sr i A. serpyllifolia, Zinn. ; annual, stem pubescent all round exces-
ar Y branched, branches decumbent or suberect, leaves subsessile ovate
pp ate 1-3-nerved ciliate, cymes many-flowered, bracts leafy, sepals 3-5-

gobed pubescent, Boiss, Fl. Orwnt, i. 701 ; Wall. Cat. 637. A. Wallichiana,
Tinge in Wall. Cat, 638,

UBTROPICAL d ; Nipal to Kashmir; RomnirKusNp and
th and Temperate HIMALAYA, from Nipal to ; m

—! alt, 1-11,000 ft.; WESTERN Tier, alt. 11-13,000 ft, T. Thomson.

Branch Hghanistan, Temp. Europe and Asia. :
branching from the root, many towered ; branches 2-10 in., slender, dichotomously
iu ted, leafv, hairs often recurved. Leaves |-j in., rather rigid. Flowers & 4 "
lance] pedicels slender, strict, erect in flower, erect or spreading in fruit. Sepals ov the
pls, Soag i exceeding the petals. Capsule 6-valved, ovoid, about as long as the
8. Seeds tubercled.

] -
Phy A neelg errensis, Wight d: Arn. Prodr. 43; annual, stem pubes
elliptic. One side much branched, branches decumbent, leaves su nes

y-fl w obovate obtuse or mucronulate 1-nerved ciliate, cy abe scent.

à oWered, bracts leafy, sepals ovate acute 1-nerved, nerve pubescent.
Suomen yet HINALAYA, alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Jamu to Kashmir, Jacquemont, &c.
SIS, Wight, & .
e ` g: Cc. "e _
late so ett to A, serpyllifolia but of laxer habit, leaves more elliptic often pene

metimes opo ?» 3. : an als usually broader an
seeds less tubercles ate, branches chiefly hairy on one side, sep Wicht and Arnott
describe : pared, but these characters are far from satisfactory. "Er m d the

8a < sch i nstan é ae
Soles ag Varying from er than the sepals, which is not a co

940 XVII. CARYOPHYLLE®. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria.

16. A. orbiculata, Royle mss.; biennial or perennial ?, branches very
slender nearly glabrous decumbent, leaves sessile or shortly petioled orbi-
cular or elliptic obtuse or apiculate 1-nerved, petiole ciliate, sepals ovate or
lanceolate 1-nerved glabrous.

Temperate Himanaya, from Bhotan, Grifith, and Sikkim, alt. 8-13,000 ft, to
Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. n "

Much more slender and less dichotomously branched than A. serpyllifolia, to whic
it is closely allied. Branches 2-10 in., thinly pubescent chiefly on one side. mE
à-l in, nearly glabrous. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals abou
4 in., nerve often faint. Petals shorter than the sepals. Seeds many, smooth.—Appe
rently very near the West Asiatic A. rotundifolia, M. Bieb. (Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 700),
but the branches do not root, and the cymes are much fewer-flowered.

** Flowers solitary — Usually small tufted large-flowered alpine species.

17. A. ciliolata, Edgew.; perennial, hairy, eglandular, laxly tufted,
stems short leafy pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute cuspidate Ore
minate nerveless fringed with long flexuous jointed hairs, flowers, is
solitary sessile or shortly pedicelled, sepals lanceolate acute ciliate sho
than the broadly obovate white petals.

Sikkim HIMALAYA; alt. 15-17,000 ft., J. D. H. so with

Perennial, forming rather lax patches; roots fibrous. Stems matted, 2-3 T thick,
2 obscure lines of hairs. Leaves spreading, } in., sometimes elliptic, rather when
obscurely l-nerved, shining when old, margin obscurely thickened, hairs brown ne
dry, sometimes scattered over the surfaces, but chiefly confined to the margin, / oaths
nearly $ in. diam.; pedicels shorter than the leaves, very pubescent, brat
Calyx rather rounded at the base; sepals of the texture of the leaves, edges itene
membranous, nerve obscure. Petals with rounded tips. Filaments subulate, 1 ç
connate at the base. Styles 3, slender. Capsule imperfect, small, globose, 6- va vec

18. A. glanduligera, Zdgew.; densely glandular-pubescent, e
short laxly tufted suberect, leaves lax ovate or elliptic-oblong acu ot ot
acuminate flat, nerves obscure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal Sinear
inclined, calyx rounded at the base, sepals spreading and recurvec cap
acute or obtuse glandular much smaller than the obovate rosy petals,
sule 6-valved shorter than the sepals.

Arise Himataya; Kashmir, Falconer ; Darji Kang pass, Kumaon, alt. 14,
Strach. & Wint.; interior of Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft., J. D. H. Jandular-

Allied to A. ciliolata, and of the same habit, but smaller and densely E o much
pubescent, without the long flexuous articulate hairs of that plant, having ning an
smaller flowers. Stems numerous from the root, 1-2 in., rather stout "th surfaces,
glabrous below, laxly leafy. Leaves j-] in., pale green, glandular on M el usually
soft, opaque, margins hardly thickened. lowers 4-4 in. diam.; pecie margins.
shorter, slender. Calyx thickened at the base; sepals with membranous a
Filaments flattened and united at the base in a glandular ring. Styles 3.
membranous, few-seeded. Seeds pale.

500 ft.,

fted

19. A. Stracheyi, Edgew.; quite glabrous, stems short laxly b b-
suberect, leaves lax narrow linear-oblong acute or acuminate flat, n gir
scure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or inclined, sepais 7. ved
lanceolate acuminate smaller than the obovate petals, capsule
shorter than the sepals. Strach é

Westers TisET, north of Kumaon, near Rakas Tal, alt. 15,500 ft.,
Winterb.; Ladak, Stewart. » d may be res"

This belongs to the same group as A. glanduligera and ciliolata, an "Leaves flesby
nised by being perfectly glabrous. Stems 1-2 in., ascending, simple.

Arenaria.) XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 241

4- in., very pale when dry, tip acute rather cartilaginous, margins not thickened, mid-
rib very obscure. lower 4-3 in. diam. ; pedicel short, stout, ebracteate. Sepals coria-

ceous. Petals apparently white. Seeds small, somewhat ear-shaped, pale, opaque,
nearly smooth.

20. A. melandryoides, Hdgew. ; glandular-pubescent, stems laxly
tufted suberect, leaves lax oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate obtuse coria-
ceous 1-nerved, flowers terminal solitary pedicelled nodding, calyx truncate
at the base, sepals erecto-recurved obtuse glandular much shorter than the

ear rose-coloured petals, capsule 4-6-valved exceeding the calyx.

Sixx HIMALAYA, alt. 14-18,000 ft., J. D. H.
Perennial ; roots slender fibrous. Stem 2-4 in. long, laxly fascicled, branched from the
se; branches cylindric, erect or ascending, simple or sparingly divided, naked below.
ves 3-8 in., in rather distant pairs, sessile, dull green or purplish, glandular on both
surfaces, almost fleshy. Flowers solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, 3-1 in. diam.,
Pedicel short and curved in flower, densely glandular, much elongated strict and erect
In fruit. Calyz subcampanulate, thickened at the base; sepals 1 in. long, narrow,
green, nerveless, margins not membranous. Petals very variable, sometimes š in. long,
tp rounded, Filaments slender. Disk-glands inconspicuous. Styles 2-3. Capsule
ovoid, exceeding the calyx, 4- or 6-valved, membranous. Seeds large, irregularly
ormed, testa pale spongy (young seeds orbicular and broadly winged).—A very curious
plant, with something of the habit of Stellaria cerastioides, very glandular, with pink or
purplish flowers. It unites tbis section with the following. The testa is very lax and
appears in the immature seed as a broad white wing around the undeveloped nucleus.

Sor. V. Lepyrodiclis, Fenzl (gen.) Flaccid usually tall herbs. eaves
broad, flat, Petals often erose or Sere. Flowers cymose. Disk annular
or obsolete, Styles 2, rarely 3. Capsules 2-6-valved, membranous, 1-6-seeded.

eds with a thick or tubercled testa.— This section is usually upheld as a
senus and described as having a distinct disk, 2-3-valved capsule, and only
Seeds, but we find none of these characters to hold good.

te A. holosteoides, Ldgew. ; a tall slender flaccid glabrous or pube-
Tous much branched herb, leaves linear or linear-oblong from a broad
“Sue cordate base acute or acuminate, cymes few-flowered, pedicels slender
ca eate, sepals obtuse and petals very variable, tip retuse not lacerate,
"a e 2-6-valved 1-6-seeded, seeds large tubercled. Lepyrodiclis holo-
A ides, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 359 ; Boiss, Fl, Orient. i. 686. Gouffeia
“sluscula, Camb, in Jacq, Voy. Bot. t. 30.

[STERN TEMPERATE HiwALAYA and Westers Tiger, from Kumaon to Kashmir,
Nia Mee ft., Jacquemont, &c.— Disrin. Affghanistan, Soongaria, aud Westward
or,
ole plant glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Stem 2-3 ft., much dichotomously
uite, shining and striate when dry. Leaves 1-3 in., spreading, midrib aud very
"i lerves exceedingly slender, Cymes pedicelled. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., white,
linear. pedicels 4-5 in, ebracteate, Calyx not thickened at the base ; scpals rom
very hair broadly ovate-oblong, green with membranous edges, gl rous or
Spathu]; Y and glandular at the back. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals, linear
ate or broadly obovate, notched or retuse. Filaments with broad flattened free
calyx, ver 0. | Styles 2-3, filiform, elongate. Capsule subglobose, shorter than ithe
es, varia tjr s branous, variable in size, 2-6-valved to the base: Seeds on umi ni.
Acute t ° in number and size, turgid, red brown or blackish, with concen ric ro Ñ
by odbercleg ; cotyledons long flattened, radicle short.—We do not find t e su
two follow‘, gland described by Fenzl (in Ledebour, l.c.), nor any disk in this and M
ud number’ Species. A most variable plant, especially in the sepals petals capsule
Vou, L t of seeds

alt

E

949 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEX, (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria

22, A. Benthami, Zdgevw.; tall, slender, flaccid, glandular-pilose, much
branched, leaves sessile ovate acute hairy on both surfaces, cymes few- or
many-flowered, pedicels slender divaricate, sepals oblong- or linear-lanceo-
late, petals obovate-spathulate lacerate, capsule 2-6-valved. Adenostemma
glandulosum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 645.

TEMPERATE HrwALAYA; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stems 2-3 ft. high, clothed with spreading jointed glandular hairs, Leaves 3-14 Wi
the lower petioled, midrib indistinct, nerves obsolete, margins ciliate. Cymes peduncle .
Flowers X in. diam., nodding ; pedicels slender, deflexed in fruit, ebracteate. Calyz no
thickened at the base; sepals very glandular, erect and recurved, green with narrow
membranous margins. Petals longer than the calyx, white. Disk obsolete. Filaments
slender, dilated below, but hardly connate. Styles usually 2, not so capillary as 10
A, holosteoides. Capsule usually 4-valved, smaller than the calyx. Seeds few, with a
thick spongy opaque hardly tubercled testa.

23. A. debilis, Hook. f. ; stems solitary or laxly tufted flaccid glan-
dular-pilose sparingly branched or simple, leaves sessile elliptic-ovate 0
tuse hairy especially above, flowers solitary terminal or in few flower
cymes, pedicels divaricate, sepals linear-lanceolate petals obovate, UP
erose,

ALPINE SIKKIM HIMALAYA; alt. 14-16,000 ft. J. D, H. b
Very like a small form of A. Benthami, but smaller in all its parts; leaves more N
tuse ; flowers not } in. diam. ; petals not lacerate and broader, merely irregularly faek s
at the tip; filaments much shorter inserted on an evident thickened annular di ün-
Small states come very near A. glanduligera, which however may at once be disti

guished by the large flower acute leaves and the petals.

24, A. tenera, Edge. ; glabrous or pubescent, stems filiform flaccid ik
tricately branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic or ovate- or oblong-lanceo. s
acute, flowers small axillary, pedicels capillary, sepals ovate-oblong diclis
ceolate acute half as long as the linear quite entire petals, Lepyro?!
tenera, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 669.

Western Temperate HiMALAYA; Kishtwar and Banahal, alt. 6-8000 ft., T. Thom
son.— Distrip. Affghanistan. ttered

A very slender intricately tufted annual, with stems 2-3 ft. long. Leaves sca ually
membranons, 4-3 in., petiole often longer than the blade, capillary. Flowers us "
axillary, $-j in. diam.; pedicels divaricate, 4-1 in. Sepals variable in form, er ually
conniving in flower, then spreading, ciliate at the back. Petals white, E solet?
dilated upwards. Filaments very slender, hardly united at the base. Dis Seeds sub-
Capsule globose, smaller than the sepals, usually 4-valved and 4-seeded. : N tals
globose, with concentric series of acute tubercles.— In the Affghan specimens d e Phot
appear lacerate, but it is exceedingly difficult to lay them out after being drie
rupturing the apices.

14. SAGINA, Linn.

Small annual or perennial herbs. Leaves subulate, connate at the Soil
stipules 0. Flowers solitary, small, axillary and terminal, pedicel ed. Ovary
4-5. Petals 4-5, entire or 0, Stamens 4, 5, 8, 10, perigynome. h fi
l-celled ; styles 4-5 (and valves of capsule) opposite the sepa Š Drsrsrs.
numerous. Capsule 4-5-valved to the base. Seeds reniform.—

Temperate regions ;. species 8,

1. S. procumbens, Linn. ; perennial, stems many tufted, pri
shoots flowerless, lateral slender with fascicled usually procum
rooting branches, sepals 4-5 spreading in fruit, petals very smat
Fl. Orvent, i. 662.

Sagina.) xvin. CARYOPHYLLEÆ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 243

Temperate and ALPINE HIMALAYA, and WESTERN Tipe, alt. 7-14,000 ft., ascending
to 16,000 ft. in Sikkim.—Disrrie. N. and S. Temperate Zones.
ole plant 1-6 in., bright green. Leaves glabrous or ciliate, usually mucronate.
‘owers globose, green, rarely 5-merous, 4 in. diam., pedicels erect or curved at the tip.
ls obtuse. + Capsule a little longer than the sepals. . .
AR. pentamera ; flowers pentamerous.—This may be referable to S. Linnæi, Presl.
(saxatilis, Wimmer), but differs in the short petals.

15. THYLACOSPERMUM, Fenzl.

A most densely tufted herb. Leaves minute, most densely imbricate,
ort, acute; stipules 0. Flowers solitary, sessile in the tips of the branches.
yx-tube obconic, 4-5-lobed, lobes suberect. Petals 4-5, small, obovate-
spathulate. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the edge of a disk lining the calyx-
tube. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-3, filiform ; ovules few. Capsule coriaceous,
spherical, 4-6-valved, ' Sceds few, large, with a soft loose cellular testa.

8
Y

1. T. rupifragrum, Schrenk. Periandra czespitosa, Cambess. in Jacq.
por. Bot. 27 and t. 29 (Flourensia). Bryomorpha rupifraga, Kar. & Ku.
num. Pl. Soong. Arenaria rupicola, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl, Ross. i. 780.

Arpe Western TIBET, alt. 15-18,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—DisrRIB. Soongaria.
; ming large hemispheric cushions a foot across and more, quite glabrous. Leaves
iE he» Suberect, or spreading most densely 5-fariously imbricate, ovate, acuminate,
pa gent, shining, nerveless, back convex, concave above with thickened margins.
irre la Yo in. diam. Capsules shining, 4- or irregularly 6-valved. Seeds very large,
*gularly compressed, almost white. —A very singular plant in habit, closely allied to
renaria densissima, &c.

`

16. SPERGULA, Linn.
Annual

posite. cor Perennial herbs, with forked or fascicled branches. Leaves op-
whorle often with leafy buds in their axils, whence the foliage appears to be
Sepals s Stipules small, scarious. Flowers in peduncled panicled cymes.
Perigyne etals 5, entire. Stamens 5 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted m
i he "ous disk, Ovary l-celled; styles 3 or 5, ovules many. Capsule
TRIB x or 5 entire valves, Seeds compressed, margined or winged.— Dis-
* Needs of cultivated grounds ; species 2-3.
lod n vairogs of the capsule are described as opposite to the sepals, but this does not
800d where there are but 3 valves and 5 sepals.

*
Leaves apparently whorled.

1. .
l arvensis, Linn. ; green, leaves in false whorls linear-subulate
or Mab grooved beneath rather fleshy, petals obtuse white, seeds keeled
wiy Winged granulate or papillose. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 731. f
d fields in various cool parts of Inpra ; and throughout the Northern hemi-

P .
paa emt or glandular, Stems 3-2 ft., branched from the root, geniculate. Leaves
in ender, sp reading. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., subumbellate ; pedicels slender,
itin E g Aelexed. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals white. Capsule subglobose,
B. Seeds black, ?

Calti
there te

a .
hte v pentanar a, Linn. ; glaucous, leaves in false whorls linear guba-
em anos &rooved beneath, petals lanceolate-acute white, seeds p V.
Orient, i 731, a wing often as broad as the striate nucleus. Bows, Fl.

enaria flaccida, Roxb, Fl, Ind. ii. 447. ` -

214 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) (Spergula.

In the same situations as S. arvensis, and with the same distribution.

I am unable to distinguish this in a dried state from the preceding. I find 3 styles
very frequently, as described by Roxburgh, which does away with the difference be-
inen the genera Spergula and Spergularia, to which latter the following species
belongs.

** Leaves opposite.

3. S. rubra, Linn. (Arenaria); suberect or prostrate, glandular-pubes-
cent, leaves simply opposite linear flat, stipules cleft, sepals lanceolate-obtus
petals pink or white, seeds wingless scabrid, margin somewhat thicken
Spergularia rubra, St. Hil. ; Bowss. Fl. Orient. i. 732.

Plains of the PANJAB, Edgeworth, &c.—Disrris. N. and W. Asia, Europe. .

Root fusiform, annual. Stems much branched from the base, 4-8 in. Leaves 4-1 ut
fleshy ; stipules broad, silvery. Flowers 1-3 in. diam., subglobose ; edicels divari
or deflexed. Sepals green, with membranous borders, obtuse. Petals obovate, o ww
shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 3. Capsule ovoid, longer thani "
sepals, Seeds pale-brown, irregularly reniform or pyriform. This is usually referre d
another genus Spergularia, Persoon (Lepigonum, Fries), which differs from uh
in having only 3 styles; but the prevalence of 3 styles in the typical species of pergula
in Iudia, renders this character valueless as a generic one.

17. DRY MARIA, Willd.

Diffuse or suberect dichotomously branching herbs. Leaves opposite, it
stipules small, often fugacious. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary i
cymose. Sepals 5, herbaceous. Petals 5, 2-6-fid. Stamens 5, rarely es
slightly perigynous. Ovary 1-celled ; style 3-fid ; ovules few or hanes
Caps e 3-valved. Seeds globose, reniform or compressed, hilum à fol
embryo curved.—DisrRIB. Species 16, all Tropical American except the
lowing and an Australian species,

1. D. cordata, Willd. ; glabrous, leaves ovate-cordate elliptic or on
cular petioled, petals 2-lobed shorter than the sepals. Wight & Arn. Tad.
359. D. extensa, Wall. Cat. 647. Cerastium cordifolium, Roxb. Fl. ine
ii. 458. ab and

Tropical and subtropical Ixpr and Cevrox, extending westwards to the Panja» *
ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft. in Sikkim.—Disrais. Tropical Asia, Africa,

merica.

exceeding the sepals. Stamens 3-5. Style short; ovules 3 or more. MIA ular, com
e base; 1-oseeded. ee

18. POLYCARPON, Linn.

Diffuse or dichotomously branched, glabrous or pubescent ilary
Leaves flat, opposite, appearing whorled from the presence o many
fascicles of leaves ; stipules scarious. Flowers small, in crOW2es mall,
flowered cymes with scarious bracts. Sepals 5, keeled. Petals 5, 3.fid;
hyaline, entire or toothed. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 1-celled ; style egt
ovules numerous. Seeds ovoid, hilum subbasal; embryo aimo bout 6
or incurved, cotyledons incumbent or oblique.— DISTRIB. Species à
natives of various tropical and warm climates,

Polyearpon.] XVIII. CAnYoPRYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 245

1. P. Loeflingiee, Benth. d Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 153; in note; glabrous or
more or less pubescent, leaves cuneate linear oblong or spathulate, cymes
terminal or in the forks, petals linear truncate tip toothed. P. depressa,

C. Prodr. iii, 375. P. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat, 1515 b and ? P. Benthamii,
1314 Leeflingia indica, Retz. Obs. 38; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165; Pharnaceum
depressum, Zinn. Mant. n. 564. Hapalosa Leeflingie, Wall. Cat. 6962;

ight & Arn. Prodr. 358. | f

Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA, in fields and waste plaees.—LDisrnrs. Tropical
Asia and Africa. f

A weed, erect or diffuse; branches 6-10 in. Leaves 1—3 in. acute or obtuse.

mes fascicled or panicled. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals subequal, obtusely keeled.

tals entire or notched. Seeds subey indie, hilum lateral and subbasa!; embryo
nearly straight,

19. POLYCAR?PIEA, Lamk.

Annua] or perennial, usually erect herbs. Leaves flat, opposite, or ap-
pearing whorled from the presence of axillary fascicles of leaves ; stipules
Scarious. Flowers numerous, in effuse or contracted or capitate cymes.
pals 5, scarious and often coloured, rarely scarious at the margins only.

5, entire 2-toothed or with the margins erose. Stamens 5, subperi-
8ynous, free or cohering together and with the petals into a tube. Ovary
l-celled ; style slender 3-fid or 3-dentate; ovules numerous, Capsule
valved, Seeds obovoid or compressed. Embryo curved, rarely straight.
~Disrrin, Species about 24, natives of warm climates.

l. P. corymbos Lamk. Ill. n. 9798 ; hoary tomentose or glabrescent,
leaves narrow linear or subulate pseudo-verticillate, stipules lanceolate or
pe, cymes terminal, sepals lanceolate very acute much exceeding t he
pbsnles, DC. Prodr. iii, 374; Wall, Cat. 1571; Wt. 1c. t. 712; " 4
wig 9 P. spadicea, Lamk. DC, Le. 374; W. d A. 357 ; Wall. i
dbi Wi in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii.t. 6. P. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 1513

A dica, Lamk. Encycl, v. 483. Paronychia subulata, Lamk. naya, L2
c Yranthes corymbosa, Zinn. ; Willd. Celosia corymbosa, Willd. E d
795 L 1. 681. Mollia spadicea and corymbosa, Willd. ? Spreng. V. i
t. 65 ahaya spadicea and corymbosa, Schult. ? Syst. v. 405; Durm. ey!
We f. 2.— Rheede Hort. Mal. t. 66. ; in
VaERN PENINSULA, and CxvLox, CExTRAL and N.W. Ixpia, and Sispa, ascencin
e aren garava to 7000 ft. ; Birma, Wallich.—Dıstrır. Tropical Asia, Africa,

> and America. I
ka erect or decumbent annual or perennial herb, 6-12 in. high, much dichotomously
shed, aves 4-1 in., acuminate acute or obtuse, much exceeding the atipt es
te ar iin. diam., in dense excessively branched silvery cymes. Sepals sari °
Wi WI coloured, glabrous or pilose, much exceeding the petals and the capsu e. pr
wt pond It impossible ([]]. jj. 44) to separate P. spadicea from P. corym 08a, even
either th marked variety, and we may add that we have equally failed to disco form
to which the Pecies or their synonymy.—The following seems to a well-marke ;
name spadicea mi en applied with propriety. . .
branche whe Wight I ad aioe smaller, densely tomentose, excessively
d, flowers much smaller highly-coloured.

* P. diftus . . st. iii. 91 ; glabrous,

4 a, Wight . Nat. Hist. iii. 91;
‘lender, leaves narrow lines: A wan ta poeado-verticillate sepa ovata
te very acute not much exceeding thepetals or capsule. W19 .

s ae
ESTERY PENINSULA ; near Tuticoreen, Wight. -

whi

246 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Polyearpon.

Branches 6-18 in. high. Leaves obtuse, $-4 in.; stipules lanceolate. Cymes
puberulous, lax, very many-flowered. Flowers 4, in. long.

3. P. spicata, Wight £ Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist, iii. 91; annual, gla-
brous, leaves obovate-spathulate radical rosulate, cymes densely fas-
cicled or semiumbellate, flowers subspicate, sepals lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate acute much exceeding the petals and capsule. P. staticseformis,
Hochst. & Steud.

WESTERN PENINSULA, at Tuticoreen, Wight; SiwpH, Stocks.—DisTRIE. Arabia,
Egypt, N. Australia. t

À small herb 2-5 in.high; branches strict, filiform, erecto-patent from the er
bearing tufts of leaves and umbelled cymes. Leaves petioled, 4-3 in., rather fleshy,
nerveless ; stipules scarious, lacerate. Cymes 4 in. diam., long peduncled. ious
subsecund, crowded, à in. long, bracts and sepals acute, scarious, white, with a hig y
coloured broad herbaceous midrib. Petals very small, oblong, obtuse. Capsule rather
more than half the length of the sepals. Seeds shining.

Onpz XIX. PORTULACEZE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)

Herbs, rarely undershrubs. eaves opposite or alternate, entire; nodes
with scarious or hairy appendages, rarely naked. /mflorescence var d
Sepals 2, imbricate. Petals 4-5, hypogynous or perigynous, free (or unl h
below), fugacious. Stamens 4-œ, inserted with (rarely upon) the PI ,
filaments slender; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, or 4-inferior, l-ce n.
style 2-8-fid, divisions stigmatose ; ovules 2-o», on basal funicles or nr -
tral column, amphitropal. Capsule with transverse or 2-3-valvular de p
cence. Seeds 1-w , compressed ; embryo curved round a mealy albumen.
DISTRIB. Cosmopolitan, chiefly American ; genera 15, species about 125.

Ovary half-adnate . . . . . . . .:. + . ee ee 1 PoRTULACA.

Ovary free . + . . 2. TALINUM.

1. PORTULACA, Linn.

Diffuse, usually succulent, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with scaly
or hairy nodal appendages. Flowers terminal, surrounded by 4 "oes
leaves, solitary or clustered. Sepals connate below, the free part deci 2f :
Petals 4-6, perigynous or epipetalous. Ovary i-inferior; style ra ie
ovules ©, Capsule crustaceous, dehiscing transversely. Seeds © ,ren! uod
DisTRIB. Tropical regions, chiefly American ; one or two are cosmopo
weeds extending to temperate regions ; species 16.

* Leaves flat.

1, P. oleracea, Linn. ; nodal appendages scarious minute or 0, leav
cuneate-oblong. Roxb, Fi. Ind. ii. 463; W. d: A. Prodr. 356. E. ir
Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6841. P, suffruticosa, Thw. Enum. 24 (not of Wight.

Throughout Inpra, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalayas.—DsstR1B. All war
climates. 14 in^

An annual usually prostrate herb, 4-1 ft., subsucculent and glabrous. Leaves ea s,
rounded-truncate ; petiole very short. Inflorescence of few-flowered termina spted,
either solitary, or in dichotomous cymes. Flowers sessile, with a few ovate, po Style
scarious scales. Petals 5, about equalling the sepals, yellow. Stamens 8-13:
3-8-fid. Seeds tubercled-punctate,—An excellent salad. ]ves-

„Var. erecta; erect, leaves spathulate-linear brighter green; P. oleracea, var. Sy
tris, Hb. Royle (not of DC.).—N.W. India,

Portulaca.) xix. PORTULACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 947

.2 P. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6845 ; nodal appendages whorled sca-
tious, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate. W. £ A. Prodr, 356.

Western PENINSULA ; in the Carnatic, and CEvrox. .. `

Stems much branched, prostrate, stunted ; the approximate joints naked below,
clothed with scarious appendages, and sparingly leafy above. Leaves + in., alternate,
acute, margins recurved; nodal appendages about six in a whorl, equalling the leaves,
imbricate, lanceolate, acute, persistent. flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, surroundeď
y a few leaves and tufted appendages. Sepals about ity in., broadly ovate-lanceolate.
Petals 5, obovate, with netted veins. Stamens 5 (or more?) shorter than the petals.
Style filiform, 4-fid to à its length. Seeds numerous, granulate.

3. P. quadrifida, Linn. ; annual, nodal appendages pilose, leaves ovate
ovate-lanceolate, Wight ÍU. ii. t. 109 ; Wall. Cat. 6843. P. meridiana,
Linn, ; Rowb, Fl. Ind. iL 463. P. geniculata, Royle JU. 221. Illecebrum
verticillatum, Burm. Ind. 66 ; Rheede Hort, Mal. x. t. 31.

Ag roughout the warmer parts of Inp1a and CrvLox.—DisrRis. Tropical Asia and
ca.

Stems diffuse, filiform, rooting at the nodes. Leaves 1-] in., opposite, very shortly
aped; nodal appendages more or less copious. Flowers terminal, solitary. Cary
love Vimmersed in the extremity of the axis, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre an
NE Ey hairs. Petals 4 (yellow). (Stamens 8-12.) Style filiform, 4fid to the
pe Seeds minutely tubercled.—Stunted specimens have the habit of Polygonum

niarioides which has been mistaken for this species.
** Leaves terete.

4 P. tuberosa, Roxb, Hort. Ben . 91; Fl. Ind. ii. 464 ; perennial stems
ra Spreading from a tuberous roof. P. eristata, Ham. and pilosa, Hb.
^ rn Wall. Cat. 6844, not of Linn.
oot g Hamilton ; Sinpu, Stocks ; Western PENINSULA ; CEYLON. 2.
8 seg 2-3 in, slightly fusiform, with a few branches towards the extremity, villous.
2-3 in, reading. Leaves 4-3 in., alternate, fleshy, linear; nodal appendages
feces sparingly tufted brown hairs. Flowers (yellow) in small terminal clusters, ar
Seeds b by about 8 leaves and tufted hairs. Stamens 20-0. Style filiform, -cleft.
lack, granular.—Closely allied to the Australian P. napiformis, F. Muell.

y P. suffruticosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6842; annual, stems erect.
«E 4. Prodr. 356.
ESTERN PeNINSULA, Wight. .
ato or annual, woody, divided, Stem about 1 ft., subligneous at the base, breaking P
8e numerous ascending branches. eaves about 4 in., acute; nodal appen ry
about’ à (Ly, very short, brown. Flowers in small terminal clusters, surroun ed i y
Sten 8 leaves, and setose appendages equalling about 4 the base of the capsu .
tric about 16. Style 5-clelt to the middle, W. & A.). Seeds very small, wit con-
differy iv of minute tubercles.—Allied to the tropical African P. foliosa, Rer, w w :
' rs chiefly in habit, from the production of lateral flower-bearing shoots overtopping
Primary terminal heads,

8 2. PALINUM, Adans.
Panicle. at ers or shrubs, eaves flat, exstipulate. Flowers racemed or

Y ior ; style 3-fid ;

; hypogynous, Stamens ©, Ovary superior; s ;

o ` Capsule globose or ovoid, 2-3-valved. Seeds subglobose or com
Strophiolate.—Disrris, Warm countries throughout the world.

» mdr psaneifolium, Willd. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 465. T. indicum, W. £ A.
eL Cat. 6847. n
mnl. * ; WEsrEgN PENINSULA, Wight.—Distaw. Arabia, Africa.

248 XIX. PORTULACEÆ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) — [Talinum,

Stems shrubby, erect, striate. Leaves 1-2 in., cuneiform-obovate, uppermost muero:
nate. Flowers in a terminal subdichotomously branched panicle, with small acuminate
membranous-edged bracts; pedicels decurved in fruit. Petals 4, purple. Sepals } K
long, broadly ovate, margins membranous, rather obtuse. Style very short, 3-
Capsule globose, about $ in. diam.

Order XX. TAMARISCINEZE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.5.)

Undershrubs, bushes, or small trees, Leaves alternate, very minute, ones
pcale-like, exstipulate, rarely sheathing,sometimes fleshy or impress-puncta te
Flowers solitary or in spiked or panicled racemes, regular, rarely 1-sexual.
Sepals and petals each 5, rarely 4, imbricate, free or connate below. Stamey
5-10-œ, inserted onthe disk, free or connate below ; anthers d z
Disk hypogynous or subperigynous, 10-glandular. Ovary free, l-celle 1M
imperfectly septate ; styles 2-5, free or connate, or stigmas 3-5, sessi è
ovules 2-o on each basal placenta, anatropous, raphe ventral, micropy
inferior. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds erect, plumed or winged ; albumen, m
subfleshy or 0; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.—DistRiB. Cold, cies
perate and hot regions, often in saline or sandy plains; genera 5, spe
about 40.

Stamens free, styles 3. . . . . .

Stamens connate, stigmas sessile . .

1. TAMARIX,
2. Myricaria.

1. TAMARIX, Linn.

Bushes or small trees, eaves scale-like, amplexicaul or sheathing. ud
florescence of lateral or terminal spikes or dense racemes ; flowers W
pink. Stamens 4, 5, 8 or 10; anthers apiculate. Disk more or less tl es
from varying confluence of the glands. Ovary narrowed upwards; sty ^
3-4, short, dilated into the stigmas ; placentas basal; ovules many ç n
with a sessile plume, exalbuminous; embryo ovoid.—DIsTRIB.
Order ; species about 20.

* Stamens 5.

1. T. gallica, Zinn. ; leaves not sheathing smooth subulate or scale
like acute, disk 5-lobed.

: d
Throughout INpra from the N.W. HDtALAYA to Bima and CEYLON, near PI Africa
along the sea coast.—Duisrris. W. and S. shores of Europe, N. and Tropica
S. Asia. dicelled in
A bush or small tree; branches slender. Flowers } in. diam., shortly pe "han the
slender panicled spike-like racemes. Sepals triangular-ovate, much shorter us, sub-
petals. Glands of disk more or less coalescing in pairs. Ovary sub-3-gono nmerous
sessile; styles 3, articulated to the ovary, slightly connate.—Divided into n
species differing in minute and uncertain characters. branchlets
Var. 1. indica, Willd. in Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214 (sp.) ; usually green, T. indica,
divaricate, leaves semi-amplexicaul, lobes of the disk entire or nearly 04 A `T, epa-
Ken. ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 100 (excl. syn.). T. gallica, Wight Jl. t. 24 A.
croides, Sm. in Rees Cycl. T. articulata, Wall. Cat. 3756 a and d.—Commors anch
Van.2. Pallasii, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349 (sp.); glaucescent or glance Orient.
lets erect, leaves shortly decurrent, lobes of the disk deeply emarginate. Sous. e 000 ft.
i. 773. T. ramosissima, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 256.— Western Tibet, alt. 8-17,

. impress
2. T. salina, Dyer ; leaves cordiform subamplexicaul strongly imp"
punctate.

Western Panga; Salt Range at Caffir Kote and Esakhail, Fleming.

Temarir] xx. TAMARISCINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 249

À glabrous glaucous shrub, with the habit of T. passerinoides, Del. ; Poiss. i

ient. i. 778. Bracts linear, equalling the flowers in length. Stamens eqna ing il e

ovary; filaments dilated at the base, confluent with the disk-glands. Stigmas sessile.
not seen.

3. T. dioica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22; Fl. Ind, ii. 101 ; leaves sheathing,
lowers dicecious in rather short dense peduncled spikes, Grif. N oti
W. 465, ic. 577, f. 2; Wall. Cat. 1241; W. & A. Prodr. 40; Boiss. Fl.
Orient. i. 777. T. articulata, Wall, Cat. 3756, b & c (not of Vahl).

. From Sipu and the PANJAB to Assam, the WESTERN PENINSULA and Birma, near
Tivers and on the sea coast. :

Small tree, Branches with drooping extremities; ultimate brenoblets elongate,
Patent-fastigiate. Leaves glabrous, green, obliquely truncate and acuminate. De
Fiol 1-2 in. about equalling their peduncles. Bracts triangular, acuminate.

ers i in. diam. pink. Stamens inserted in the notches of the 5-lobed disk ;
anthers purple.

4. T. articulata, Vahl, Symb. ii. 48, t. 32 ; hoary with imprese. Dancin‘
glands, leaves sheathing, spikes lax usually sessile. Boiss. FI. Orien "Th ] ñ
"Orientalis, Forsk. Descr. 206. T. Pharas, Ham. ex Wall, Cat. 3758. Thuy
aphylla, Linn, Amen, Acad. iv, 295. 1
wa bundant in SINDH and the PANJAB ; often cultivated.—Distris, Beluchistan an
estward to E S. ica. opi
"LL conilerous looking tpe. Branchlets fastigiate, elongate, slender, cy indri,
Jointed. Leaves reduced to a very short sheath with a minate tooth. Spikes Eea
more or less interrupted. Bracts sheathing, acute. Flowers j in. diam., su ses T

mena inserted in alternate notches of the 10lobed disk.—' The Cape form is T.
) B. Mey.

** Stamens 10. (Pleiandre. Bge.) oL iv. 214, t. 4: leaves
. 9. T. ericoides Rotti. in Nov, Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214, t. 4 ; lec š
Impunctate sheathing-amplexicaul, glands of the disk separating Phe Dis
nents. T. mucronata Smith in Rees Cycl. T. tenacissima, Ham. ew a
Cat, 9797. Myricaria vaginata Desv. in Ann, Sc, Nat. iv. 350, Tric wo»
pades, W. & A. Prodr. 40 ; Wight Ill. t. 24 B; Ie. 22; Camb, in Jacq.
9y- Bot, 58, t. 70.

Y
ENTRAL INDIA, Beneat, the Western PkwINsULA and CEYLON. scale-like, ovate-
shrub; stems slender, branchlets fastigiate. Leaves minute, sc ,

Lo: : " 6 in.
lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers ] in. diam., pale rose-pink, in termi T rere Approaches
p mene Not exceeding the petals, alternately long and short. Capsule y in.
Jrvaria in habit.

. . te
6. p Strict . "ufi og. with impress-puncta
. a, Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 778; hoary with ir
glands, leaves closely. sheathing, glands.of the disk passing into the slightly
i Apes of the filaments,
I DR, tocks.—Distris, Beluchistan. ¿alan it ia distinguished b
N abit of T articulata, Vahl, from which according to Boissier it is distinguished by

; . : j ifferent
n thicker branchlets more remote leaves and subsessile stigmas, besides the diffe
Uber of stamens.

2. MYRICARIA, Desv.

Fastigiate shrubs. Leaves small, narrow, sessile, often eromded. f i nfo-
mens 10 d lateral or terminal spike-like racemes ; flowers a obsolete.
di ternately long and short, monadelphons | DUE Short, adnate to

É nng with 3 sessile stigmas ; placentas ba ` :

the middie of the valves ; ovalis many P Seeds exalbuminous with a usually

250 XX. TAMARISCINEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Myricaria.

stalked plume ; embryo ovoid.—Disrris, Europe, Mid-Asia ; known spe-
cies 4?

1. M. germanica, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349 ; bracts ovate-lan-
ceolate 3-4 times as long as the pedicels, sepals free lanceolate, stamens
connate for half their length. M. bracteata, Royle IUl. 214, t. 44; vaio
Fl. Orient. i. 763. M. Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. keis. Pr. Waldem. 120, t. 25 (plume
sessile. Tamarix germanica, Linn.

Temperate and Arre HIMALAYA ; from Sixxim to Kumaoy, alt. 10-14,000 ft.—
Distre. Westward to Europe. lineat-

A bush, 4-8 ft. Stems slender, striate, glaucous-green when young. Leaves incar
lanceolate. Racemes 1-18 in., spiked, lateral or terminal. Bracts with broadly mem-
oranous margins. Sepals about equalling the petals.

VAR. prostrata, Benth. and Hook. E Gen. Pl. i. 161 (sp.); prostrate, branchlets
ascending, often very short with closely imbricate leaves, seed-plume sessile.—A very
Alpine form.

2. M. elegans, Royle Ill. 214; bracts ovate about twice as long as the
pedicels, sepals connate below, stamens connate for one-fourth o
ength. M. germanica var. longifolia, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.

Westers HiwaLAYA and Western TisET, from Garwhal, alt. 11,500 ft., Royle, &c.
to Ladak, &c., alt. 6-15,000 fi., T. Thomson. d at the

A bush, with smooth striate slender stems. Leaves oblong-ovate, narrowe br nous
base. Racemes 3 in. lateral, lax. Bracts short, acuminate, with narrowly membra
margins. Sepals much shorter than the petals, obtusely triangular at the apex

Orver XXL ELATINEJZE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.)

Minute semi-aquatic or terrestrial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves oPh
site or whorled, entire or serrate, stipulate. Flowers small, axillary, ens
tary or cymose. Sepals and petals each 2-5, free, imbricate in bud. versá-
as many or twiceas many as the sepals, hypogynous, free ; anthers on
tile Ovary free ; cells and styles 2-5, stigmas capitate ; ovules man p-
the inner angles of the cells, anatropous, raphe lateral or ventra he ais
sule septicidal ; valves flat concave or incurved, separating from a often
and septa, Seeds straight or curved, raphe on the concave side, e: cotyle-
rugose, albumen scanty or 0; embryo cylindric, straight or curved, C ies
dons small.—DisTRiB. Scattered over the world ; genera 2, known sP
about 20,

TINE.
Sepals obtuse, aquatic herbs . . . . . ce L Era

. oe o °. JA.
Sepals acute, flowers usually 5-merous . . . . 9. Bere

1. BLATINE, Linn. od.

Minute aquatic tender creeping herbs, Leaves opposite or whore
Flowers very small, axillary, usually only one to eac node. S iranous;
membranous obtuse, Petals 2-4, Ovary globose. Capsule mem lindri
septa evanescent after bursting or adhering to the axis. Seed Jir nical
straight or curved, ridged and pitted.—Distris, Temperate and su
regions ; species about 6. E

flowers sessile

1. E. americana, Arn. in Edin. Journ. Nat, Sc. i. 431 ;
or nearly $0, stamens longer than the sepals.

Hatme]| — xxi. ELATINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 951

nemi Mrs., Schmidt.—DisrRis. N. America (usually dimerous), N. Zealand,
ustralia, .
Prostrate on mud in patches 1-3 in. broad. Stems rooting at the nodes, with nume-
rus opposite or alternate ultimately ascending branches. Leaves $-4 in., opposite,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to the base, entire, minutely scabrid; stipules scarious,
acute, incise-serrate. Flowers fully 2, in. diam. Sepals 3, 2 slightly herbaceous.
tals 3, twice as long as the sepals, with a mid-vein. Seeds about 12 in each cell,
slightly curved.— Asa Gray, Gen. Jil. t. 95, represents entire stipules united at the
and sepals exceeding the pistil; American specimens disagree with the figure in
ese respects and agree with the Indian plant.

2 E. ambigua, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 103, t. 5; flowers pedi-
celled, stamens shorter than the sepals. W. & A. Prodr. 41; Wight Ill. t.

35 B; Seubert in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. t, 2, f. 11-14.

Western PENINSULA, Wigh iji Island
. ; Wight.—Disrris. Fiji Islands.
Habit of Z. americana, Arn. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Sepals, petals and stamens
each 3.—Probably should be united with the preceding and Æ. triandra, Schk. (whic

di ers in the absence of the superior petal). The aggregate species would have a cos-
mopolitan range,

2. BERGIA, Linn.

Annuals or undershrubs, erect, decumbent, or diffusely branched,
often pubescent. Leaves opposite, serrate, or sometimes quite ente
owers solitary or in more or less dense axillary fascicles, minute, usually
merous. Sepals with a herbaceous midrib and more or less membranous
üt "gins, acute. Ovary ovoid. Capsule subcrustaceous, septicidal or sep-

abos o7 DISTRIB, Warm countries throughout the world ; known species
ut 14,

l B. odorata, Zdgew. in Journ. Asiat, Soc. Beng. vii. 765 (1838);
pubescent-glandular, vers dy pedicelled 2-8 together. Laneretia
quiruticosa, Delile FI, Egypt. 69. B. suffruticosa, Fenzl in Denks. Bot.

l. iii. 183; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 783.

tuu at Balawati, Edgeworth; SiwpH at Kurrachee, Stocks. — Disrnip.

W. y. dioe a ic. wi ry deciduous bark. Leaves j-j in.,
Sessile, thick, elliptic oe less margins , M ADU often reflexed. Flowers à in.
vng, on ranches barren below. Sepals 5, ovate, herbaceous, serrulate. Petals o ova e,

mens 10, filaments dilated below, ^ Ovary grooved; styles 5, one-half the eng MA
ver ovary, Capsule 5-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, shining, slightly curved.

"Y Variable plant. Smells of chamomile.

2B estiv labrous, flowers solitary
` osa, W. £ A. Prodr. 41; nearly glabrous, l
2-4 together. Elatine estivosa, Wight Ic, t. 222. Spergula xstivosa,
: & Wall. Cat, 6963,
nA. Thomson; Moultan, Edgeworth.
pitches slender, divaricate. caves narrow-obovate or oblong, faintly erae
acate a Pink, on branches with almost linear leaves barren above. Sepals ,

; denticul i ins.— ly only a variety of B. odorata,
but distinct in habi ih membranous margins.—Probably only

` B, amm . Fl. Ind.ii. 457 ; annual,
: annioides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34; Ft. >
n ort in dense subverticillate fascicles, stamens 3-5. Roth. N on PL Sp
a) Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, Suppl. t. 28; Ill. i. t. 25 Aj) Wall
4 t 19 ios. Fi. Orient. i, 472. B. pentandra, Guill. o annioides
Wai Cat, TA ammannioides, W, € A, Prodr, 41. Sagi

$59 . XXI. ELATINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Bergia.

_ Throughout Ispra and Crvrow; in marshy places.—Distain. Affghanistan, Persia,
Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. . be

: Stems 3-12 in., erect or with the lower branches decumbent, smooth or thinly Ë s
cent-hispid, the stem-hairs often glandular-capitate. Leaves 3-1 in. sessile, nee
lanceolate or oblanceolate, tapering below, sharply serrate, acute. Flowers yz Ms
sessile or shortly pedicelled. Sepals 5, lanceolate, denticulate. Petals and stamen, .
Ovary oblong, deeply grooved. Capsule 3-6-celled ; valves with incurved edges, de-
hiscing from a central axis. Seeds numerous, ovoid.

VAR. trimera ; Fisch. & Mey. in Linnæa, x. 74 (sp.) ; flowers trimerous. B. p»

nioides 8 flor. triandr.; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, t. 28, f. 1 and 2 ; Lechea
verticillata, Willd. ex DC. Prod. i. 286.— Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

4. B. verticillata, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii 456; glabrous, yen
procumbent rooting, stamens 10, Thw. Enum. 23. Elatine (B) vertic zi
W. & A. Prodr. 41. B, aquatica, Rowb. Corom. Pl. ii. 22, t. 142; Bows. P^
Orient. ii. 783. B. capensis, Linn. ; Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 78. .

Western PENINSULA, CEYLON and Ranaoon.—Disrrm. Widely spread in the tropics
but absent from S. Africa. : di

A glabrous rather succulent annual aquatic herb, 4-1 ft. Leaves 1-13 in., sprea MA
elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at either end, acute, faintly crenate-serrate ; stipules pa
rowly deltoid, toothed, acute. Sepals 5, narrow-lanceolate, obliquely acuminate, mb r
herbaceous. Petals 5. Capsule gìobose-ovoid. Seeds minute, slightly curved, ri

and transversely rugose.—Not a native of the Cape, Linnzeus's original name has there-
fore been suppressed.

Orver XXII. HYPERICINEZE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)

Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, — Leaves opposite, often punctate with p
lucid glands or dark glandular dots, entire or glandular-toothed ; stipt pede °
Flowers solitary or cymose, terminal, rarely axillary. Sepals and petals d dt
5, rarely 4; petals contorted in bud. Stamens œ, or rarely definite, T s :
5-adelphous, rarely free orall connate ; anthers versatile. Ovary AP TP or
lary, 1- or 3-5-celled ; styles as many, filiform, free or united ; ovules rior
«©, on parietal or axile placentas, anatropous, raphe lateral or su A or
Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo stra" .

e . es
prred- v Disrem, Temp., and mountains of warm regions ; genera 8, spec
out 210.

_ TRIBE 1. Hypericess, Capsule dehiscing septicidally or at the placentas.
Seeds not winged.

Flowers 4-merous . . . . , + ...... . . l. AscYRUM.

. "
Flowers &-merous . . . . . |... 2. HYPERICU

TRIBE 2, Cratoxylese. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds winged.
3. CnATOXYLON:
1. ASCYRUM, Linn.

Herbs or shrubs. eaves small, entire, Flowers terminal, nearly pans ^
yellow, 4-merous, Sepals leafy, the 2 outer largest. Stamens slightly us
or free. Ovary 1-celled, Capsule 2-4-valved, dehiscing at the peon the

DISTRIB. Except the endemic Indian species confined to N. Amer.
Antilles ; species 6.

1, A. filicaule, Dyer.—Hypericum filicaule, H. f. & T. ms.
| ‘Temperate SIKKIM HIMALAYA; Lachoong valley, alt. 12,000 ft., d. D. 8.

Ascyrum.] XXII. HYPERICINEJ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 253

A perennial herb, Stems 3-6 in., slender, cylindric, faintly 2-edged, rooting at the
base. Leaves | in. or less, subsessile, broadly elliptic, obtuse, pellucid-punctate, mar-
gins wavy. Flowers 4 in. diam, solitary. Sepals oblong, obtuse, outermost exceeding
the petals, Styles 3, j^; in., rather shorter than the ovary.

A 2. HYPERICUM, Linn.

Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Zeaves usually sessile. Flowers cymose,
yellow, terminal, or axillary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually oblique. Ovary
l-celled with 3 arietal, or 3-5-celled with axile placentas ; styles free
or united ; ovules c; few. Capsule septicidal, or dehiscing at the
placentas.—DisTRIB. Tempe regions ; species 160.

H. calycinum, L., from S. Europe, occurs as a garden plant. e

H. chinense, L.; H. monogynum, Willd.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400, is said to be known
only as a cultivated plant. It is found in Indian gardens; the leaves are elliptical and
obtuse, and the styles united throughout. Hypericum salicifolium, Sieb. d? Zucc., of
Japan is probably not distinct from this.

Sect, I. Androsseminese, Spach. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals deciduous,
Stamens 5-adelphous at the base. Ovary 5-celled.—(Communly shrubs with
few and large flowers.)

* Styles longer than the ovary (unknown in 1).

l. H. Griffithii, 77. f. & T. ms.; leaves ovate subcordate, cymes corym-
bose, sepals small narrowly deltoid, styles 5.

Buoray, Dimree-nuddee, alt. 6400 ft., Griffith.

A shrub, young branches terete. Leaves 2-44 in., obtuse, younger lanceolate acute,
firm, glauc scent below with prominent reticulate nerves. Sepals jin. long, acute.
Capsule 4-4 in. long.—Flowers unknown ; habit that of H. grandifolium, Choisy.

2. H. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4808; leaves oblong-lanceolate
decussate approximate, sepals ovate, styles exceeding the stamens. H. myr-
tifolia, Spach Suit. Buff. v. 4281 Norisca mysorensis, Wight Ic. t. 56.

Western PENINSULA ; on the hills from the Concan to the Pulneys, alt. 3—4000 ft.
CzvLox, Walker, &c. .

A glabrous shrub 4-6 ft. high (Gardner); young branches 4-angled. Leaves 1-2 in.,
tapering to an auplexicaul base, with slender ascending veins and pellucid stris.
Cymes terminal, 3-flowered; flowers 2-22 in. diam. Sepals k in, acute. Petals
obliquely oblanceolate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles twice as long as the
Tox 1 Capsule about 4 in.—The allied Abyssinian H. gnidiæfolium, Rich., has styles

united,

3. H. cernuum, ox). Hort. Beng. 59; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400; leaves
elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath, sepals ovate, styles slightly
exceeding the stamens. Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 23. H. oP lone olium,
Choisy Prodr. Hyp, 42, t. 4. H. speciosum, Wall, Cat. 4803. Gova-
nianum, Wall, Cat, 4815 (sepals linear-lanceolate).

Western Temperate HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon to Sirmur, alt. 5-7000 ft. .

A glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. ; branches cylindric, glaucous when young. Leaves 1-3in.,
sessile, minutely dotted. Cymes terminal, 3-5-tlowered; flowers 2 in. diam., white,
theu yellowish. Sepals $ in. acute. Petals obovate, longer than the stamens. Styles
twice the length of the ovary. Capsule 4 in., conical.

4. H. cordifolium, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late cordate coriaceous glaucous beneath, sepals lanceolate, H. bracteatum,
Wail. Cat, 4504; Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 220, H, acutuui, Wall. Cat. 4807.

254 XXII, HYPERICINEJ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hypericum. `

q ee HiwALAYA; Nipal, Wallich; Kumaon, at Ramari, alt. 4500 ft., Strach.
int.

A glabrous shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches long, slender, brown ; branchlets subtetragonous.
Leaves 1-2 in., coriaceous, opaque with translucent lines, penninerved with one or two
lateral veins and midrib darkly marked below. Cymes many-flowered ; flowers 14 in.
diam. Sepals 3-4 in. Petals obliquely obovate. Stamens equalling tke styles, 3 the
length of the petals. Styles 14 times as long as the ovary.

5. E. lysimachioides, Wall. Cat. 4817; leaves ovate subsessile glau-
cous beneath with dark veins, sepals linear-lanceolate. H. coriaceum, Royle

. 131. .

WESTERN Temperate HIMALAYA; from Kumaon, alt. 8-9000 ft, to Wardwan,
alt. 5—6500 ft., Stewart. . ther

A glabrous shrub, branchlets subtetragonous. Leaves $-13 m., acute o ene th
obtuse, penninerved, the veins connected marginally, pale and black-dotted €
Cymes loose, leafy, 2-3-chotomous; flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals 3 in. EMEN
late. Styles slightly longer than the ovary, not exceeding the stamens. Caps
about } in.

** Styles not longer than the ovary.

6. H. Hookerianum, W. £ A. Prodr. 99; branches terete, laare
ovate to ovate-oblong, sepals obovate, styles recurved exceeding the stamens.
Wight Ic. 949. H. oblongifolium, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4949.

Sıxxm HIMALAYA, alt. 8-12,000 ft., J. D. H.; Misumi, Griffith; KHASIA Mns, alt.
4—6000 ft., Lobb., &c.; NirGuimis, Wight, &c. . . €

A glabrous shrub 6-8 ft.; branches red-brown. Leaves 1-4 in., sessile or eid.
, shortly stalked, obtuse, mucronate, firm, glaucous or rusty beneath, faintly „pe diam
punctate. Cymes few-flowered or corymbose, leafy-bracteate ; flowers about 2 in. Sn r 2
golden-yellow. Sepals 4-3 in. Petals obliquely-obovate, longer than the stamens. SY
& in., shorter than the ovary. Capsule 3 in., obtusely conical to egg-shaped. os

Var. Leschenaultii, Choisy in bc. Prodr. i. 145 (sp.); Deless. Le. Bel. iii. t. a i
sepals acute. H. triflorum, Blume, Fl. Ned. Ind. 142. H. oblongifolium, Wait ki ?
4810 (not of Choisy). H. Choisianum, Wall. Cat. 4805.—Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim,
alt. 8000 ft., J. D. H.—Disrris. Java. `

7. H. patulum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 17; branches spreading py
midally 2-edged, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sepals elliptic obtuse, styles b 3
ceeding the stamens. Wa. Cat. 4809 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. 5693 ; Don P
218. H. Uralum, Ham. ex Don l.c.; Bot. Mag. t. 2375; DC. Prodr. D
H. oblongifolium, Wall. Pl. Asiat, Rar. t. 244 (not of Choisy in Wall. Cat.)

Throughout the Temp. HiMALAYA (Sikkim excepted); alt. 3-7000 ft., from Bhota’
Griffith, to Simla, Lady Dalhousie, and Chamba, Stewart. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 5-6000 it.;
Yuxan, J. Anderson.—Distris. Japan, Formosa. . tent

A glabrous shrub, 1-3 ft, with brownish bark and numerous red, stiffly m nd
branches. Leaves 1-24 in., distichous, very shortly petioled, acute, black-dotte ant
glaucescent or rusty beneath, pellucid punctate and striate, margins reflexed. els
few-flowered, terminal; peduncles 2-bracteate ; flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals } in. eta
orbicular, twice the length of the stamens. Styles equalling the ovary. Capsule i
obtusely conical.—Nearly allied to H. Hookerianum but smaller, more rigid, and wi
smaller flowers.

Var. attenuatum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545; more slender in every part.

` 8. X. tenuicaule, H. f. & T. ms.; branches diffuse slender terete
leaves elliptic or ovate pellucid striate, flowers solitary or geminate, sep’
elliptic, styles not exceeding the stamens,
Temperate Sixxim HIMALAYA; Lachen valley, alt. 8000 ft., J. D. H. od
A glabrous shrub. Leaves 1~1} in., tapering below, subacute, pale and glandular-dott

Hypericum.] xxi. HyPERICINE E. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 255

beneath. Flowers 14 in. diam., usually exceeded by lateral leafy shoots. Sepals about
bin, obtuse. Petals obliquely obovate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles
scarcely à in., about as long as the ovary. Capsule | in.—Perhaps a variety of H.
patulum, but distinct in habit.

. 9. H. reptans, H. f. & 7. ms. ; stems shrubby prostrate diffuse root-
mg, flowers terminal solitary.
TEMPERATE SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 911,000 ft., J. D. H. . o.
Branches slender, two-edged, reddish-brown. Leaves }—} in., approximate, elliptic-
oblong, obtuse, with short pellucid striæ. Flowers 13 in. diam. Sepals about 4 in.,
elliptic, obtuse. Petals obovate. Stamens hardly exceeding the ovary. Styles š in.,
Wa ing the ovary, tips recurved. Capsule 4 in., globose. Seeds minute, apiculate at
ends.

Secr. II. Hyperiness, Spach. Sepals 5, connate at the base, equal or
Unequal. Petals persistent. Stamens 3-adelphous at the base. Ovary 3-celled.

* Margins of the sepals eglandular.

I. E. perforatum, Linn. ; stem erect 2-edged, leaves oblong or ovate
pellucid-punctate. sepals linear acute.

3 TEMPERATE WrsrERN HiwaLAYA; from Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft, to Kashmir, alt.
ft.—DIsTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N.W. Asia. .
A perennial herb.. Stems 18 in., with slender stolons, branched above. Leaves $ in.,
use, with radiating veins, paler beneath with black dots. Cymes corymbose, 3-cho-
ously branched; flowers 1 in. Sepals kin. Petals with black-glandular edges.
Yes twice the length of the ovary, equalling the stamens. Capsule § in., egg-shaped.
Var. debile, Royle, ms.; stem wea , leaves oblong-linear.

ll. H. Sampsoni, Hance in Seem. Journ. of Bot. iii. 378 ; stems erect
cylindric, leaves oblong connate pellucid-punctate, sepals oblong obtuse.

Knasia Moun i ina, F a
TAINS, Nowgong, Simons.—Disrris. S. China, Formosa.
iA perennial herb, Stems 1 ft. Leaves 13-2 in., obtuse, glaucescent beneath. Cymes
"à; owers 4-4 in. diam. Sepals black-punctate. Petals about equalling the oP hen
Myles very short, Capsule oveid, covered with oval resiuous vesicles. —Approache

Perica Thb., of Japan, which is destitute of vesicles and has the leaves am-

12. H. petiolulatu : t slender cylindric,

/ m, H. f. d T.ms.; stems erect sler

leaves shortly petioled ovate al, flowers small, sepals linear unequal,
yles very short exceeded by the stamens.

LEM HIYALAYA, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H. i
rap ems 9-15 in., branched from the base: branches weak, simple. Leaves yim
er distant, obtuse, glaucescent beneath with dark pellucid dots, eid p nctate.
Caps] Mowered; flowers 4 in. long. Sepals J,-& in., acute, not pellucid-pu .
Psule with numerous glandular lines.

ain humifusum, Zinn. ; stems procumbent 2-edged, leaves genis
óf th 16 to ovate approximate, sepals lanceolate unequal, styles š the teng
$ovary H. rubrum, Wight ms.

TLGHIRIS Wight.—Disrer, Europe, Atlantic Isles, S. Africa. :
, DM . , ) y s 1
M d rous perennial herb. Stems about 6 in., numerous, red. Tes olm:
terminal anette and as well as the sepals with black intramarginal glands. Cy à
'fewfowered, Flowers 1-4 in. diam.

" Margi .
guns of the sepals with gland-tipped teeth.
M, x, elodeoides, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 562; stems stout usually

956 XXII. HYPERICINEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hyperiewn.

simple, leaves oblong or ovate acute firm, sepals with long teeth, petals
glandular-striate, H. adenophorum, Wall. Cat. 4812. H. nervosum, Don
Prodr. 219.

Temperate HiMALAYA; from Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ft., to Sirmur, alt. 7-8000 ft.;
Kuasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Assam and Birma, Griffith. =, .

Stems 1-2 ft., stoloniferous, glabrous, terete. Leaves 1-14 in., approximate, stem-
clasping, uppermost glandular-fringed at the base, closely pellucid-punctate. Cymer
paniculate ; flowers 3 in. Sepals Y in., lanceolate, acute, with black intramar m
glands. Petals exceeding the calyx. Styles 3, } in., at least twice the length M t "Í
ovary, spreading, not exceeding the stamens. Capsule 4 in.—A very variable plan d
allied to the European H. montanum, L., which is puberulous with a denser cyme rz
shorter sepaline teeth. H. intermedium, Steud., of Abyssinia and Asia Minor, has
shorter teeth but a very open cyme.

15. H. napaulense, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 552 ; stems weak wih
numerous branches, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse thin, sepals
with short teeth, petals eglandular or nearly so. H. pallens, Don Prodr. »!
H. setosum, Wall. Cat. 4814. H. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4010; W. £ A.
Prodr. 99 ; Wight. Ill. i. 43.

Temperate HIMALAYA; from Sikkim, alt. 10—12,000 ft. to Kashmir, alt. 7-8000 ft. ;
Birma, Grifith.—W EsrERN PENINSULA, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. .

Stems slender, diffuse or prostrate, cylindric, obscurely 2-edged. Leaves ti mi
sessile and stem-clasping, or slightly petioled, glaucous beneath and closely P uct :
punctate. Cymes few-flowered, loose; flowers 4 in. Sepals lanceolate. Peta y
than the calyx. Styles à in., about equalling the ovary, exceeding the stamens. ap-
sule in.—Perhaps only a variety of H. elodeoides.

16. H. monanthemum, 77. f. & 7. ms. ; stems simple, leaves broadly
elliptic or ovate, sepals dark-glandular-striate, petals linear twice the length
of the sepals, styles half the length of the ovary.

Srxxim Himataya; Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 11-12,000 ft., J. D. H. I.

Stems 4 in.-1 ft., erect, 2-edged, reddish brown. Leaves @ in., sessile, obtuse, De"
lucid striate-punctate, with a few black marginal dots beneath. Cymes 1-3-flowe in.
flowers with a pair of glandular fringed bracts. „Sepals linear-lanceolate. Syles 13»
equalling the stamens. Capsule 4 in., ovoid.

Sect. IIT. Brathydinese, Spach. Sepals b, Petals persistent. Stamens
connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled,

_ 17, H. japonicum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31 ; stems diffuse or ascend
ing, leaves 3-nerved, cyme dichotomous elongated, sepals 3-nerved. , 549
Cat. 4811. Royle IÙ. t. 24, H. pusillum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i 9S
Brathys nepalensis, Blume Mus. Bot, ii.19. H. calycatum, Jacq. Herb. (sep
foliaceous).

TEMPERATE and Sustropican HIMALAYA, from Sikkim to Garwhal ; alt. ee
Knasia Mrs. ; Assam, Sinnet, Birma ; Eastern and WesrERN PENINSULA and CE
—Distris, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, Java. jn. oF

Annual. Stems 1-15 in, tufted or prostrate, glabrous, 4-angled. Leaves V^
less, stem-clasping, oval or ovate, pellucid-punctate. Flowers } in. diam., y T
Bracts and sepals linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, glandular and pellucid- une in.
the apex. Petals equalling the calyx. Styles } the length of the ovary. Ca, g-edged
Seeds ribbed and transversely striate.— H. humifusum is distinguished by its
stems, 3-celled ovary, and leaves with intra-marginal black dots.

imp!
18. H. Lalandii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 550; stems slender hr
leaves approximate below appressed with revolute margins l-nerve

-

Hypericum.] XXII. HYPERICINEÆ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 957

dose often few-flowered, sepals with one prominent nerve. H. feetidum,
H. f. & T. ms.

Knasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Lobb, &c.—DisrRis. S. Africa, Lower Guinea.

Annual Smell remarkably fcetid, like bad orange-peel Stems 6-18 in., slender.
simple, tufted. Leaves 4 in, or less, rather thick, faintly pellucid-punesate. on Be "
eliptic-oblong. Styles 4 the length of the ovary.—Probably a variety of H. jap ,
but identical with the African plant.

Sect. IV. Blodeinese, Spach. Stamens definite (9), cohering for 3 their
ngth into 3 bundles separated by (entire) hypogynous scales.

19. H. breviflorum, Wall. Cat. 4876 ; stems usually simple cylindric
lower 3 bare, flowers in 1-3 short axillary cymes,

Kuas, Mrs., alt. 5000 ft.: Sinnet, Wallich. .

Stems 14 ft. Leaves narrow elliptic, black-dotted beneath. Flowers white, Sa at
very short, ovate-linear, obtuse. Anthers vesicular-apiculate. Styles $ E alt A f N
the ovary, recurved. Capsule 1 in., ovoid.—The allied H. petiolatum, ” .

erica and Japan has cylindric capsules,

3. CRATOXYLON, Blume.

Shrubs or trees, Leaves entire, usually papery. Inflorescence axillary on

"minal, cymose. Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens 3- or 5-adelp ous ed:
fleshy hypogynous glands alternating with the bundles. Ovary Tro!
Styles distinct ;*ovules 4— in each cell. Capsule 3-valved.—DIsTRIB.

là; species about 12.

Secr. T, Ancistrolobus, Spach. Petals subpersistent, inappendieulate.
Samens ?-adelphous, hypogynous ; glands more or less cucullate.

|. €. polyanthum, Korth. Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 175, t. 36 ; leaves
elliptic to oblong, cymes 1-3-flowered axillary or slightly supra-axillary,
Petals glandular-veined, . dinpines
pma and the Easrern PrxiwsULA.—DisTEIs. China (C. biflorum), Philippines,
£o .
š p "
À glabrous aromatic shrub, with compressed branchlets. Leaves 1-4 in., pelluci
Pnctate and black-dotted beneath. Flowers 4 in. diam., pink. ern : Copes
it When in fruit, elliptic, obtuse. Hi ypogynous glands sometimes obsolete.

i i i i unilateral
zia ?n exceeding the sepals. Seeds 3, } in. long, with an oblique

wath tigustrinum, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 16 (sp); leaves narrowed at both ends

i 0 ig g trinus
; 1 . 1. 500. Ancistrol bus lizu '
š: ch, Suit, l , q. £ l. Ned. Ind. Supp 1

pal Bug. v. 361. A. brevipes, Turcz. Bull, Mosc. 1858, i. 383. Hypericum
vallum, pot. Cat. 4821. Pegu, Malacca, S. Andamans, Kurz.
2. Wi

» Ancistrolobus,

i ghtii, BI. l.c. 18 (sp). Leaves broadly oval mostly obtuse. if.

tu get Lil i. 111. reim horridum, Wall. Cat. 4822. Elodea, sp, Grif.
17. 569. Tenasserim, Mergui, Griffith; Tavoy, Wallich.

2. C. neriifoli ; ‘at, Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 993 ;
M um, Kurzin Journ. Asiat. Soc. g . l
ives harrow-oblong sessile cymes 3-flowered in a short terminal panicle
YPericum neriifolium, Wall, Cat. 4824. HAT
shaw Teiyet, Grifig) ; hills, Wallich; Cmrrracoxa, H. f. & T.
nit, 10 iN Lu a Tes vi pi = slightly cordate, tapering Pd ede Tu
hard] m, Hypogynous glands with the reflexed margin mucrovate. a iei allied
YOL ME the calyx.—A grees otherwise with C. polyanthum and c +. y

958 XXII. HYPERICINEJ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Cratoxylon.

3. C. arborescens, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 17 ; leaves oblong-obovate or
elliptic, cymes forming a pyramidal panicle, petals glandular-dotted. Hy-
pericum arborescens, Vahl Symb. ii. 86, t. 43. H. coccineum, Wall, Cat. 4823.
Ancistrolobus glaucescens, Z'urcz. Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 383. Vismia? arbores-
cens, Choisy Prod, Hyp. 36.

Mourwxm, Lobb; Maracca, Griffith, Maingay; SINCAPORE, Anderson.—D i8TRIB.
Java, Borneo. .

A bush? Leaves 3-4} in. by 11-2 in., coriaceous. Panicle 4-9 in. long. Flowers
4 in. diam., scarlet. Capsule 4 in. long; seeds 3 in. long, with an equilateral wing.

Sect. II. Tridesmis, Spach. Petals not persistent, with a basal squa-
mule, Stamens 3- or 5-adelphous.

4. C. formosum, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 166 ; branchlets alier
nate spreading, hypogynous glands triangular attenuate, fruit pedice S
drooping. Tridesmis formosa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 179, t. 37.
ochnoides, Spach, Suit. Buff. v. 359. Elodea formosa, Jack in Hook. Journ.
Bot. i, 374,

Maracca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith; SixcAPonE, Maingay ; S. ANDAMAN, Kurz.—DisTRIB.
Borneo, Philippines. . lliptie or

A very large tree with habit of a Cerasus. Leaves 2-3} in., decussate, etipti 2:
oblong-elliptic, papery, glabrous. Cymes in the axils of fallen leaves, shortly racemos;
flowers white. Sepals not accresent, 4 the length of the petals. Basal squamule 9 in
petals usually rounded. Stamens 3-adelphous. Styles dimorphic. Capsule à y din,
triquetrous. Seeds 4 in. long, with a very obtuse, obovate, unilateral wing.

5. C. Maingayi, Dyer; branchlets: spreading opposite, hypogynous
glands triangular, fruit pedicels ascending.

PENANG, Maingay. :n elliptic

A tree above 30 ft, with a very thick stem. Leaves 2-34 by 1-14 m, i Pas
tapering at both ends, acuminate, midrib reddish-brown beneath, papery, t ins-
Cymes in the axils of the often persistent old leaves. Petals with b ack-dotte is (but
basal squamule acute. Stamens 3-adelphous. Styles filiform, as long as Boos ii.
probably dimorphic). Capsule 4 in. long, 45 in. broad, slender, cylindric, Seeds
long, with an oblong unilateral wing.

6. C. prunifolium, Dyer ; branchlets opposite ascending, leaves pubes-
cent, hypogynous glands very short obtuse transversely grooved, Ln
ricum prunifolium, Wall. Cat. 7276. Tridesmis pruniflora, Kurz ^ 0
Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 293.

Mourwzis, Wallich. . axillary

Stems woody, compressed, rather rigid. Flowers precocious, in small, lax, otal
fascicles: pedicels and calyx closely pubescent. Sepals 4 the length of the P
Basal squamule ot the petals acute. Stamens 3-adelphous. Fruit not seen.

Orver XXII. GU'TTIFERZE. (By T. Anderson, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs, abounding in a yellow or greenish juice. Leaves opr
site, coriaceous or membranous, rarely whorled or stipulate. JF low ost u
lary or terminal, solitary fascicled subracemose or panicled, white ye 12 2-6,
red. Flowers regular, dicecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite. end nich
imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2-6 (rarely more, or 0), usually nous ;
imbricated or contorted. Mate fl. : Stamens usually indefinite, hy Mn es as
filaments free or variously connate, monadelphous or in as many un
there are petals; anthers various, FEMALE fl. : Staminodes variou
1-2-o -celled ; style slender, short or 0 (2 in Peciloneuron), stigmas

s.
as many

XXIII. GUTTIFERJE. (T. Anderson.) 259

as the cells free or connate, sometimes peltate ; ovules 1-2 or ©, axile or

erect from the base of the cell. Fruit usually baccate and indehiscent.

Seeds large, albumen 0; embryo consisting of a large radicle (tigel/us) with

small or obsolete cotyledons, or of thick free or consolidated cotyledons with

à very short inferior radicle.—4A large tropical family, common in Asia and
erica, rare in Africa, of 24 genera and 250 species.

MAMMEA AMERICANA, Linn., the Mammee apple of the West Indies is occasionally
cultivated in Indian gardens ; it belongs to the tribe Calophyllee, and is distinguished
by its valvately 2-partite calyx which is quite entire in the bud.

The following account of the British Indian Guttifere was drawn up by Dr. Thos.
Anderson, late Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, shortly before his death
m 1870. For the reduction of Xanthochymus to Garcinia I am answerable, as also for
several new species from Maingay’s Malacca collections and otber sources, and for the
Telerence to l'eddome's and Lanessan’s works — all such additions are either enclosed
between [ ] or signed with my initials —J. D. Hooker.

Terr I, Garciniez. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled ; stigma sessile or subsessile,
peltate, entire or with radiating lobes. Berry indehiscent. Embryo of a
solid tigellus with minute cotyledons or 0,

Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals . . . . . . . . + . . x . 1. GARCINIA.

Calyx closed in bud, bursting into 2 valves . . . . . . . 2. OcHRocarpus.

( True IT. Calophylleee. Ovary with 1, 20r 4erect ovules ; style slender
Sa rely styles 2), stigma peltate or 4-fid or acute. Fruit fleshy, rarely dehis-
mil 090 of two fleshy free or consolidated cotyledons, with a small
aray l-celled, 1-ovuled ; styl tigma peltat . . . , 3. CALOPHYLLUM.
vary l-celled, 4-ovuled ; style ^ stigma Pad ° 2... s. 4 Kavea.
0 i 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; style 1, stigma peltate . . . . . 5. Mesua.
“ary celled, 4-ovuled ; styles 2, stigmas acute . . . + . 6. PŒCILONEURON.

1. GARCINIA, Linn.
(Including Xantuocuymus, Roxb.)

foe usually with yellow juice. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, very
poly i Ipulate, Flowers solitary fascicled or panicled, axillary or termina ;
ime d^ Sepals 4-5, decussate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. MALE . i
+-5-lobed y! free or collected into a ring or an entire globose or conica
on short Lass, usually surrounding a rudimentary ovary ; anthers sessile or
lits or ick filaments, 2- rarely 4-celled, adnate or peltate, dehiscing by
ee woe or circumseiss. FEMALE or HERMAPHRODITE fl. : Stuminodes 8-2,
entire or nate. Ovary 2-12-celled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate,
ein obed, smooth or tubercled ; ovules solitary in each cell, attac je
pulpy aril angle of the cell. Berry with a coriaceous rind. Seeds wit h a
[Kurz Jon. ISTRIB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia ; species about 50.
not be MR Soc. Bengal. xxxvii. 64) rightly states that Xanthochymus caa
` Pictoriug J, D. Hy Garcinia, for that both 4- and 5-merous Howers

8
UBGENUS I. Garcinia proper. Sepals and Petals 4 each.

6. bancana), Stigma divided into rays, or deeply 4-lobed (unknown in

*
the See of male flowers in 4 masses or in a 4-lobed mass surrounding
Atary ovary; anthers oblong, dehiscing vertically.

260 XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia.

1. G. Mangostana, Linn. ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate, nerves
very numerous horizontal, petiole short thick, male fl. 14 in. diam. yellow-
red or purple, stamens in 4 masses, stigma sessile. DC. Prodr. 1. 560;
Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4847; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33;
Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 170 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 15).

Native and cultivated in the MALAYAN PENINSULA and SOUTHERN TENASSERM.—
Distris, Malay Archipelago, cult. in Ceylon and a few spots in the Madras
Presidency. :

A small conical tree 20-30 ft.; branches many, decussate. Leaves 6-10 by 24-4} in,
very coriaceous ; nerves regular, close, inarching with an intramarginal one. Mate n.
in 3-9-flowered terminal fascicles ; pedicels short. Sepals orbicular, concave, persistent.
Petals broad-ovate, fleshy. Stamens indefinite. Hermapu. fl. 2 in. diam., solitary or
geminate at the tips of the young branches; pedicels 4 in., thick, woody. Sepals and
petals as in the male. Stamens many, filaments slender, connate below. Ovary
4-8-celled. Stigma sessile, 8-rayed ; ovules solitary. Berry as large as an orange,
smooth, dark purple; pericarp firm, spongy. Seeds large, flattened ; aril very fleshy,
white, juicy.

2. G. cornea, Linn. ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, petiole š in.,
male fl. 3 in. diam. pale-green, stamens in a 4-lobed mass, style short.
DC. Prodr,i. 561 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 629 ; Wight Ic. t. 105 ; Wall. Cat. 4852
in part ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 170 ; [Lanes
san Mem. Garcin. 20] G, affinis, Wall. Cat. 4852, -3, and —4 in part, not 0
W. & A. Discostigma fabrile, Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 496 (Kurz ™
Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxix. p. 64).

Eastern Bencar from Silhet to Tenasserim, Penang, and Malacca. — DISTRIB.
Malay Archipelago.

A small tree; trunk erect, branches horizontal and pendulous. Leaves 4-6 by
2-3 in, leathery, shining, often acuminate; veins stout, prominent, 4-4 in. „apart,
straight or forked, inarching with an intramarginal one. Mang fl. inodorous, m
flowered terminal fascicles, pedicels 1-14 in. Sepals orbicular, coriaceous. Petals ovate,
concave, twice as long as the sepals and thinner. Staminal masses united at their
base only. Herman. fl. usually solitary, like the males: pedicel short, stout, termi?"
Stigma large, 4-6-lobed, glutinous. Berry subspherical, the size of a small orange,
bright-red; pericarp spongy. Seeds enclosed in a white juicy very acid aril.—
Cumming's specimens marked 2296 are from Malacca; his 1124 are from the Philippines
and referable to Blancos Cambogia venulosa (Garcinia, Choisy), differing in the large
flowers, thick woody pedicels and many-lobed stigma. Wallich’s specimen G. afin’,
4854) is the only Silhet one 1 have seen; other of his specimens ticketed (G. af
belong to G. anomala. [M. Lanessan, Mem. Gare. 21, refers this to G. celebica, Lint-
There are two or more species or forms comprised under this description of G. corned,
one with narrow leaves and very oblique veins, the other with broad leaves and T
closer-set veins more spreading from the midrib. This last resembles in foliage the
G. malaccense, and is apparently common in the Eastern Peninsula.—J. D. H.

3. G. speciosa, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. t. 258 ; Cat. 4852 E; n
in. thick ang
male fl. 13 in. diam. bright yellow. Chois. G'uttif. Ind. 33 ; Planch. & Tran.

** Stamensof male flower in a central shortly-stalked 4-angled or colt

mass; anthers quadrate, dehiscing vertically ; rudimentary ovary usu

Garcinia.] XXIII. GUTTIFERJE. (T. Anderson.) 261

t Male flower in 3-20 fid. terminal and axillary fascicles ; fruit subglobose
or ovoid, tip mamillar (unknown in Q. bancana).

4. G. indica, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i. 561 (according to Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 45) ; leaves obovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, male
pedicels 1-15 in., fruit globose as large as an orange purple not furrowed.

lanch, d: Trian. Mem. Guttif. 183; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 45. G. pur-
purea, #ozb. Fl. Ind. ii. 624; Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl.25; Wight IH. i. 125 ;
Date. £ Gibs. Bomb. FI, 31 ; Beddome Flor, Sylvat. Gen, xxi. ; Planch. &
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 191. G. celebica, Desrouss, in Lamk. Encycl. iii, 700;
and Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33 (not of Awmph.). Brindonia indica, Dupetu-Th.
in Dict. Sc. Nat. v. 340.

Western PENINSULA ; Ghats of Concan and Canara.—Disrrin. Cultivated in Bom-

J, Mauritius, &c. (I have seen no specimen.)

slender tree, with drooping branches. Leaves 24-34 in., dark-green, young red,
membranous, mucronate rarely obtuse. Mace fl. 4-8 in axillary and terminal fascicles;
buds as large as a pea. Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger. Stamens
humerous (12-20 Beddome), forming a short capitate column; anthers oblong, 2-celled,
ans longitudinally. Fem. fl. solitary, terminal, shortly and strictly peduncled.
taminodes in 4 masses, Ovary 4-8-celled ; stigma of as many lobes. ruit spherical,
a8 large as a small orange, purple throughout, not grooved. Seeds 5-8, compressed,
enclosed in an acid pulp. (Characters from Roxburgh, dc.)
have followed Planchon and Triana and Lanessan in referring the G. purpurea
ej, teh (not of Herb. Wallich) to G. indica of Choisy, a plant known from
early times as the Brindon of the Portuguese, and cultivated as such in Goa aud the
auritus. It was described by Garcias in 1574, by J. Bauhin in 1623, and by Ray
in 1688, Roxburgh states of his G. purpurea that it was sent to him by Dr. Berry
from a garden, and was supposed to come from the Eastern Archipelago, Graham
(Cat, Pl. Bombay) says that G. purpurea, Roxb., is the Brindall of the Portuguese, 18
cultivated in the gardens of Bombay, and found wild in the ravines of Kandalla, &c.
K ° Juce of the fruit is used as a mordant, and the expressed oil of the seed is the
"hun oil of the natives, extensively used to adulterate Ghee. . 1
ere are in the Hookerian Herbarium specimens from Lambert's Herbarium labelle
Purpurea, Roxburgh, but they are imperfect; their leaves are rather small, elliptic,
rà Fery oblique somewhat distant nerves, and resemble those of G. Cambogia an
: “lorella, and are perhaps referable to G. lanceafolia.—J. D. H.

5 G. malaccense Hook. f. ; 1 i lliptic acuminate,

" . f. ; leaves very coriaceous ellipt
nerves very fine spreading close-set connected beneath by oblique nervules,
e`- iin. diam, stoutly pedicelled fascicled, female 13-2 in. diam., stamens

im à dense Stipitate conical column.

PTERN PENINSULA: Malacca, Maingay. (G. cornea, Roxb., Kew distrib. 149.)
shi ranches stout, 4-angled. Leaves A M 2-24 in., abruptly acuminate, hardly
te me Above, brown when dry; petiole 4 in. Mare fl. on stout pedicels 4-3 in., in
renal fascicles of 4-6, Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals twice as long, dull-red,
Conic. I ovate, shortly-clawed. Stamens very numerous, densely imbricated in à jarrow
oblo a’ or Pyramidal mass, filaments very short ; anthers adnate, ovoid, 2-celle $, Som
ng, otuers broader than long. Rudimentary ovary 0. FEMALE fl. solitary, ter-
» Tose-coloured. Staminodes few. Ovary globose, 8-celled ; stigma sessile, val
mks’, OVE, enveloping halt the ovary, 8-cleít almost to the concave centre. ee
confirmes 1 O? like G. spectabilis that but for the structure of the andrecium it h m
that d by Maingay's caretul analysis), I should háve hesitated in separating i To
amine Which again differs from (Z. cornea chiefly in the much larger the
Phili Ihg's 2296 fron, the same locality (referred by Choisy to G. vanulosa É e
Pies, and by T, Anderson to G. cornea) may be this same plant.—J. D. H.
6

6. G. Cambogi : Hi, 701 ; leaves oblong
' a, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701 ; A
Ptic or lanceolate dark green beneata, nerves very oblique, male pedicels

262 XXIII. GUTTIFERZ. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia.

3-3 in., rudimentary stigma 3-4-lobed or 0, fruit not grooved to the tip.
Roab. Corom. Pl. iii. t. 298, Fl. Ind. ii. 621; DC. Prodr. i. 561; Wall. Cat.
4865, 4866, 4861 C, 4863 B; W. £ A. Prodr.i. 561; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 35;
Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 177; Thwaites Enum. 48 ; [Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 362 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat.t.85). G.zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 621;
Wall. Cat. 4867; | Lanessan Mem. Garan. 408). G. affinis, W. & A. Prodr.
101 (not of Wall. Cat. 4854). G. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4569.

Mountains of the Western PENINSULA, from Concan to Travancor; CEYLON. |,

A small erect tree ; branches drooping. Leaves 2-5 by 4-13 in., dark green, shining,
hardly coriaceous, shortly acuminate, base acute rarely obtuse ; midrib prominent to the
middle; veins thick, usually very oblique, + in. apart, reticulate; petiole 4-4 m.
Mate fl. in short axillary fascicles ; pedicels thickened towards the tip, often reflexed.
Sepals with narrow membranous margins, outer 4—£ in. long, inner larger. Petals
twice as long as the sepals, thinner, oblong, concave. Stamens 12—20 or more, adnate
to the receptacle into a mass with a prominent centre ; free part of filaments dy in. long.
Rudimentary stigmas 3-4, very short or 0. Hxrmapu. fl. 1-3, terminal and axillary,
rather larger than the male; pedicels à—] in. Stamens 10-20, filaments unequal, all
connate at the base or in unequal bundles. Stigmatic rays 8-10-tubercled, free nearly
to the base, spreading. Frut the size of a small apple, yellow or red, grooves 6-9,
ending about the middle; top flat, depressed, mamilla thick. Seeds 6-8 ; aril sucen-
lent.—Roxburgh's unpublished drawing (Herb. Calcutta and Kew) differs from that in
the Coromandel plants in the usually axillary female flowers, with few terminal ones,
and in the papillose scarcely divided stigma ; differences of no specific value. Thwaites
(Enum.) states that this yields a yellow insoluble gum, hence valueless as a pigment,
but that the acid juice of the ripe fruit is used as a condiment.—[G. indica, Chois, (DC.
Prodr. i. 561), founded on Thomas’s Brindonia indica (Dict. Sc. Nat. v. 340), 18 pro"
bably this species, but having seen no specimens I do not quote it. See No. 4.

G [The following varieties or species are referred to G. Cambogia by Beddome (Fl. Sylv.

en. xxi.).

Var. 1. conicarpa, Wight Ic. 121 (excl. 4), Ill. i. 126 (sp.) ; Planch. £ Trian. Mem.
Guttif. 192; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 53 ; leaves broader beyond the middle or linear-
plong, fruit ovoid-conical 4-grooved to the top, furrows angular.—Shevagerry hills,

ight.

Var. 2. papilla, Wight Ic. t. 960, 961 (sp.); Planch. & Trian. Quttif. Ind. 191;
Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 50; leaves large elliptic, fruit ovoid 4-8-grooved to the top
with a terminal mamilla —Conoor and Sisparah jungles, Wight. ]

7. G. Cowa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 622 ; leaves broad-lanceolate acute at both
ends dark green beneath, male pedicels 1—1 in., rudimentary stigma 0, ruit
grooved to thetip. DC. Prodr. i. 561; W. d& A. Prodr. i. 101; Chois. Gull.
Ind. 34 ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 186 ; Wall. Cat. 4863 ; Lanessan Mem.
Garcin. 54.) G. Kydia, Roxb. l.c. 623 ; Wight. Ic. t. 113; [G. Kydiana, Lanes
Mem. Garcin. 59.) G. Roxburghii, Wight Ill. 125 (excl. syn. Cambogia Zey-
lanicze affinis), Zc. t. 104. G. umbellifera, Roxb., Wall. Cat. 4864. G. Wallich,
Chois. l.c, 37. G. lobulosa, Wall. Cat. 4868 À ; Chovs l.c. 36. Oxycarpus
gangetica, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. v. 344.

Eastern BENGAL; hills near Monghir; Assam; Eastern PENINSULA; ANDAMAN
Islands, Kurz. ,

An erect tree, 60 ft. ; trunk straight, simple ; branches many, slender, lower reacbing
the ground ; bark dark-grey. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in.; veins 45-4 in. apart, slender,
regular, inarching with an intra-marginal one. Mate fl. in 3-8-flowered, rarely axilla
umbels ; pedicels 4-4 in. Sepals $ in. long, broad-ovate, thick, fleshy, yellow, pics
pink on both surfaces. Petals twice as long, oblong. Stamens many; anthers sü
sessile, 4-celled. Hermaru. fl. solitary, rarely 2-3, axillary, sessile. Ovary subglobost;
stigmatic rays spreading, papillose. ` Stamens (sterile) in 4 clusters of 3-8 uneq
filaments. Fruit the size of a small orange, dark-yellow, 4-8-grooved and celled, |

pressed above, tip mamillary.— Wallich’s Sincapore specimens 4868 B are very f°

Garcinia.] XXIII. GUTTIFERJE. (T. Anderson.) 263

perfect. The specimens under this number in Herb. Linn. Soc. consist of two branches
with leaves an solitary terminal female flowers: the five leaves marked B are detached
and can hardly be referred to G. Cowa, whilst the flowers certainly can.—[Lanessan

retains G. Kydiana as a distinct species with G. Wallichiana, Choisy, and umbellifera,
Wall., as synonym. ]

8. G. nigro-lineata, Planch. mss, ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate acute at the base ferruginous beneath, male pedicels i-j in.,
rudimentary stigma 0,

. EASTERN PENINSULA ; Malacca, Griffith (Kew distrib. 854), and Maingay (Kew
distrib. 152 and 162). .

A tree; branches often knotted ; bark dusky. Leaves 5-8 by 14-3 in., subcoriaceous,
tapering to the base; veins many, delicate, 44-4 in. apart, inarching with an intra-
marginal one. Mate fl. 3-9, fascicled on short axillary woody nodes; pedicels 4-3 in.,
slender, thickened above. Sepals jy in., fleshy, orbicular. Petals a little longer and
thinner, concave, reflexed above the middle. Stamens in a shortly pedicelled 4-cornered
compressed mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 4-celled. Femate fl. solitary, axillary. Ovary ovoid
(5-7-celled, Maingay); stigma 5-7-lobed, lobes lobulate, papillose. [“ Fruit subglobose,

with a thick fleshy stipitate discoid apiculus, as large as a walnut, bright orange-
yellow.” —Maingay.]

91 G. bancana, Miquel Flor. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 494; branchlets very
Stout, leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip rounded very coriaceous, veins
numerous slender petiole 1 in., male fl. small shortly pedicelled in dense

cicles from axillary cushions that are clothed with lanceolate bracts.

pEAstERN PENINSULA ; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 158).—Distris. Island of
nca.

Branchlets as thick as the little finger, 4-angled, black when dry, nodes very close
a eaves 5-7 by 3-4 in., not shining, narrowed into the petiole, brown when m
nerves uniform very slender, with oblique sinuous connecting nerves beneath ; pee
hot very stont, Mate fl. ] in. diam., crowded on every node for a considerable length ;

leels 2 in. long; bracts crowded, j,—j7y in. long, membranous, erect, red-brown,
m 75 orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger than the inner sepals, or e lar,
ova hot very coriaceous. Stamens forming a quadrate mass, without a ru ime ay

E anthers small, subsessile, 2-celled, peltate.—1 find no difference between this
shee and the Banca one except that the leaves are larger and the pedi a ra de
ind A very similar or identical plant is found in Borneo; its remarkable In

scence and bracts at once distinguish it. —J. D. H.

i Male flower terminal, solitary or geminate, rarely 3, fruit obovoid,
nown in G, loniceroides.— Leaves 2-4 in.

aon G. lancewfolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ü. 623 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate
Wall. Que subcoriaceous dark green, flowers 3 in. diam. Wight Ic. 2 Mae
180 Vat. 4861 A, B; Chois. Guttif, Ind. 36 ; Planch, & Trian. Mem, $ uti
Chois, 1 nesan Mem. Garcin. 48] G. purpurea, Wall, Cat. ,

E 6. 36 (not of Roxburgh).

mal] QENGAL; in for m and Silhet.

the pal tree; bark dark, rough, Lavos 2-4 by $-1 in., rather thick, tapering ^"
& I" ; veins few, indistinct ; petiole 3-3 in. MALE fl. 1-2, terminal, "n “ye ow,
Stamen M. long, thick, oblong, fleshy. Petals smaller, slightly oblique, ark red
eater q about 40, in a globose mass ; anthers 4-celled. FEMALE fl. termin o Ari "tü
ma ic arger than the male. Stamens in 4 bundles of 4-5 each. Ovary d tig,
grodved fe 6-8, glandularly tubercled. Fruit the size of a small plum, ;

ulla, Pi. & Trian., to
this species] 83 ellow, 6-8-seeded.—{ Lanessan refers G. oxyphylla,

264 XXIII. GUTTIFERA. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia.

~

11. G. loniceroides, 7. Anders. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceo-
late membranous glaucous beneath, flowers very small } in. diam.

Burma, Griffith (Kew distrib. n. 870) ; Peau, at Tonkye ghat, Kurz.

A vss pi mal iree; branches Menden decussate, horizontal, old bark dark grey;
young shoots reddish purple. Leaves 2-4 by 4-3 in., confined to the young thonts ;
veins slender, indistinct, irregularly branched and forked; petiole } in. Maus .
rarely axillary, usually 3 or more; pedicels slender, % in. Sepals and petals qari l4
thinly fleshy, broad-ovate, concave. Stamens many in a central sessile sub-4-gona
mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. Rudimentary ovary 0.

ttt Male flower in a terminal 3-chotomous panicle ; fruit smooth.

12, G. pedunculata, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 625; leaves obovate on
long-petioled. Wall. Cat. 4860; Wight IU. 125, Ic. t. 114, 115 ; Chois, i
G'uttif. 35; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttyf. 192 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garan.
42]. a cs
Forests of N.E. Beneat, near Rungpore and Goalpara, and in Silhet, where it 1$
cultivated for its pleasant acid fruit. . : . base

A tree about 60 ft.; bark spongy. Leaves 6-12 by 3-54 in., subcoriaceous ; m
acute or acuminate ; midrib stout; veins 4 in. apart, regular, parallel, tips inarchet ta:
anastomosing ; petiole 1-14 in. Mate fl. large, pale green, in 8-12-flowered panic’ "A
pedicels 2-3 in., stout, erect. Sepals ) in., orbicular, fleshy, inner pair nem i
Petals narrower, but scarcely longer, oblong. Stamens in a 4-angled truncate 8 e
stipitate mass; anthers 4-gonal, 9-celled. FEMALE fi. solitary, larger than the n a
terminal on a thick 4-angled peduncle 4 in. long. Stamens 20-30, filamen »
4 bundles, connate below. Ovary globose; stigmatic rays 8-10, spreading. lent
large, yellow, the size of a small melon. Seeds 8-10, large, reniform ; aril succulent.

tttt Male flowers several, in sessile terminal heads ; fruit echinate.

13. G. echinocarpa, Thwaites in Hook, Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) " ;
Enum. 49 ; leaves lanceolate oblong or obovate acute or retuse base narrower
Planch, & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 193; [Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xx
Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 33].

Central and Southern provinces of Cryton. . ular;

A tree, 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-6 by 1-24 in., thickly coriaceous ; veins close, ne sub-
petiole stout, 3-1 in. Mate fl. small, sessile, pale yellow. Sepals thick, orbicular, a
cordate. Petals twice as long, thinner, oblong, suboblique. Stamens 12 or more, inal
short sub-4-gonous stalk; anthers subsessile, 4-angled. FEMALE fl. solitary, M
sessile. Stamens connate in a ring. Ovary covered with imbricate fleshy i with
stigma peltate, irregularly lobed. Fruit 14 in. long, subglobose, dark-red, ^o seed is
broad sharp tubercles (like the Litchi fruit), 1-3-seeded.— The thick oil of the
used for lamps, but is not good. ft

Var. 1. Leaves lanceolate-oblong acute, flowers small.— Forests, below 4000 large

Var. 2. Leaves thickly coriaceous obovate or oblong retuse or obtuse, flowers targ
A mountain state, alt, 4-6000 ft.

te
*** Stamens of the male flowers in a subglobose mass ; anthers adon 5
orbicular, dehiscence circumsciss, rudimentary ovary 0. (Male fl. ax

14, G. Morella, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701, t. 405, f. 2; p
thickly coriaceous elliptic-obovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse, veine >
oblique, petals longer than the inner sepals. DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Planch
Tian. Mem. Guttif. 195; Hanbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx1V. lobulosà
[Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 86; Lanessan Mem. ,Garcin. 62). G. x

all. Cat. 4868. G. pictoria, Rowb, FL. Ind. ii. 627 ; Wight te. b r^
dome Flor. Sylvat. t. 87]. G. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4869 ; Wight ae t, 144
G. acuminata, Planch. d: Trian. lc. 200. Q. gutta, Wight Ll. 12%

!
|
|
x

Garcinia.) XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 265

(excl. syn. Linn.). G. cambogioides, Royle Mat." Med. Ed. iii. 339. Hebra-
dendron cambogioides, Graham in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199, t. 27.1

Forests of Easrern BENGAL; the Knasta Mrs.; the WESTERN PENINSULA, in Malabar
and Canara, and the Eastern PENINSULA at Malacca and Sincapore ; Ceyton.—Dis-
TRIB. Eastwards to Siam. .

A small tree, 30-50 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 14-3 in., base acute, veins indistinct, 4-3 in.
apart; petiole about jin. short, stout. Mate fl. about 3, subsessile in the axils of
fallen leaves, or on pedicels à—1 in. long. Sepals 4 in., orbicular, concave. Petals
similar, but rather larger. Stamens many, in an obscurely 4-angled subglobose mass;
free portion of filament very short; anthers orbicular, flattened. FEMALE fl. larger than
the male, solitary, axillary, sessile or shortly pedicelled. Staminodes about 12, bases
connate or in a ring. Ovary subzlobose ; stigma large, sessile, 4-lobed, tubercled, lobes
toothed. Fruit the size of a cherry, subglobose, slightly 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4- seeded.—
For an excellent memoir and accurate figure see Hanbury's paper cited above. “The
only Ceylon Gamboge-yielding species." Thwaites. Much confusion has arisen from
P anchon and Triana having examined only imperfect specimens of Wallich's n. 4868.

* specimens in the Linnean Society consist of 2 branches, with many attached
saves, a young leaf and a fruit, all certainly belonging to the true G. Morella,—

anessan adds, as other synonyms, G. lateriflora, Blum., and Gaudichaudi, Pl. &

nan. Beddome keeps G. pictoria, Roxb., distinct from G. Morella, Desrouss., on
account of difference in the female flower, which he represents as having the staminodes
in bundles and the stigma very small, 4-lobed in the centre. He states that the Gamboge
Jb Hj analyzed by Mr. Broughton, and that it proves equal to that of G. Morella.—

15. G. Choisyana, Wall. Cat. 4870; leaves membranous ovate acu-
minate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif.
Hebradendron Choisyanum, Chois. Guttif. Ind. 39.

Lame Pexrvsvra, Wallich, | uu
aves 4-5 by 2-24 in.; veins few —} in. apart, alternate, reticulate, anastomosing
brown’ tips; petiole 4 in., slender. Mas fl. s.litary?, axillary, sessile. Sepals 3 in.,
ovate, scarious. Petals obovate, slightly concave. Stamens many, in a short

fl une ° portion of filament short; anthers irregular, more or less orbicular. FEMALE
` own.

` a, Wall. Cat. 4856 ; leaves thickly coriaceou
quse or obtusely acuminate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. &
man. Mem. Guttif. 204. Hebradendron Wallichii, Chois. Guttif. Ind. 39.

paresis of Peau and Tex ASSERIM, ascending to 4000ft., Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 814).
base tal branches stout, with large axillary flowering nodes. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in.
in din nS: veins 4-1 in. apart, faint, curved; petiole 3-1 in. stout. Mak fl.
` am, axillary, subsessile, Sepals thin, coriaceous, orbicular, Petals thick, fleshy.
Fea! in a globose central mass, free portions of filaments very short ; anthers peltate,
icai A. axillar , Solitary, sessile. Jmmature fruit subglobose, 4-celled, 4-seeded ;

M ,>
rete oh À q ualling the sepals.
SOUTHERN INDIA, Wight, (Distrib. Kew, Pl. Wight, 145.)
sessile, ax by 4-1 in.; veins very lender oblique ; petioles 4-4 in. Mare fl. small,
nan `, Sepals equal, thinly coriaceous, orbicular, concave. Petals obo ate,
style, flamer, Stamens about 20, in a 4-gonal column enclosing a rudimentary 4-4
ile. Frage tee above; anthers peltate, dehiscence oblique. Femaxe fl. solitary,
*Pecies ig v tthe size of a small cherry ; stigma 4-lobed. --The Gambvge of this
ery soluble, and yields a good pigment,

nate G. Wightii, T. Anders. + leaves coriaceous linear-lanceolate acumi-
>

266 XXIII, GUTTIFERH. (T. Anderson.) | Garcinia,

Series B, Stigma entire.

* Stamens of the male flowers in a globose central mass’; anthers 2-4-celled,
dehiscing vertically (unknown in 19. atro-viridis). Stigma convex.

18. G. paniculata, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii.626 ; leaves thin oblong-lanceolate
or obovate, male fl. in twice or thrice branched panicles, female in short
terminal spikes, Wight Ill. 125, Ic. t. 112; Wall, Cat, 4857 ; Chois. Guttif.
Ind. 35; Planch, & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 194 [Lanessan Mem. Garcwn. 60].
G. Bhumicowa, Roxb. ; Wall. Cat. 4858.

Eastern BENGAL; Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft.; EASTERN HIMALAYA, Bhotan,

ooth. . e.

A tree, about 40 feet; branches many, ascending. Leaves 6-9 by 2-4 in., shining,
acuminate, rarely obtuse, base tapering; veins 3 in. apart, curved ; petiole 3 in. ! Aus
fl. many, pure white. Outer sepals small, thick, inner 44 in. Petals 3 times onge",
ovate, very concave. Stamens many, subsessile, imbricate in a large subglobose ma: *
anthers obovate, 2—4-celled. FEMALE fl. few, like the males. Staminodes 0, or x fiia-
ments. Ovary subglobose; stigma convex, entire, tubercled. ruit the size of a large
cherry, yellow, succulent. Seeds 4, reniform, aril pulpy.

19. G. atro-viridis, Grif. mss. ; leaves coriaceous oblong-lanceolate,
female fi. solitary terminal. .

Uprer Assam, at Tabong, Griffith. (Herb. Kew Distrib. 862). MALACCA, Wr

Young branches stout, terete ; bark black when dry. Leaves 6-9 by 2-25 ìn., art
coriaceous, dark green, shining, abruptly acuminate, base contracted ; veins iin. ap a
rominent on both surfaces, anastomosing along the margin; petiole 1 in. Petre d
arge, lł in. diam. ; pedicel 1 in. Sepals spreading, large, orbicular, concáve, Pnited
within. Petals obovate, fleshy, coloured like tire sepals, tip recurved. Stamens ` utely
below into a ring. Ovary subangled, 10-celled; stigma sessile sub-4-gonal, min ny
tubercled, broader than the ovary.—“ Ovary 9-celled ; stigma closely adhere Fruit
ovary, large, orbicular, convex, blood-red, fleshy, margin obscurely lobed. in con-
3 in. long, subglobose, base slightly 9-lobed, dull yellow, crowned by the at leng
cave stigma. "— Maingay mss.

20. G. Griffithii, 7. Anders. ; leaves very large ovate or ovate-cordate,
obtuse, nerves distant. Main-
Eastern Pentnsuta, Mt. Ophir near Malacca, Griffith (Kew Distrib. 361); ^?
gay (Kew Distrib. 153). in., coria-

A tall tree ; young branches 4-gonous, pale green. Leaves 12-18 by 4- 64 E ALE fl.
ceous ; midrib stout, rigid, angled ; veins very prominent, š in. apart, tips free. ]s 2 in.
numerous, small, bright yellow, in very short axillary woody branches, pet Mh ingay.
Sepals 3; in. long, concave, fleshy. Petals a little larger, oblong, “ duli-red, 2-cell "
Stamens many, in a sub-4-gonal sessile flattened mass; anthers subsessile, stigma
Rudimentary ovary 0. FEMALE fl.: “ Ovary 12-celled ; style very short apillte,
peltate slightly convex obscurely lobed at the margin, rough with elevate. vis pel
persistent. Fruit pomiform faintly ribbed, 2 in. in longest diam. Seed two-thir
dulous."— Maingay. . ibed by

[There is in Maingay's Herbarium a plant very like this in habit, but desc Gam-
him as having a circumsciss anther, which is cultivated at Sincapore as the tru
boge of Siam.]

. : a

** Stamens of the male flower in an annular mass round the rudimer
ovary ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Stigma broad, discoid,
depressed.

- us
21. G. anomala, Planch. & Trian. Mem, Guttif. 174; leaves corer,
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, male and female fi. all Cat.
teate 3-flowered cymes, [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 30.) G. affinis, ^ y
4854 in part, not of W. d A.—Guttifera, Grif. It. Notes, 40, No. 6

Garcinia.] XXIII. GUTTIFERJE, (T. Anderson.) 267

Eastern Bencat; Jyntea Hills and Khasia Mts., Wallich, &c., in beds of torrents,
6130-6000 5 elevation. (Kew Distrib. Herb., Grifith, 848); (Herb. Ind. Or., H. f. & T.

arcinia, 14).

A small erect tree, branches subverticillate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3) in., dark green;
veins close-set, anastomosing within the margin; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes in the axils of

© upper leaves, rather exceeding the petioles; pedicels short, stout; bracts under each
flower 2, leafy, 2 in. long. Mark fl.: Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals 1 in. long,
obliquely oblong, suberect, slightly concave. Stamens very numerous, mass subglobose
concealing the rudimentary ovary ; anthers large, horse-shoe shaped. Femate fl. like
the male, but š smaller. Staminodes many, united into a lobed ring or into bundles.
Ovary oblong; stigma broad, discoid, edge revolute, slightly lobed. Fruit the size of a

Ham, subglobose, smooth, dark olive-green, crowned by the short-thick style, 1-2-
e

22. G. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; leaves 4-6 in., elliptic obtusely apiculate
Petioled, nerves distant spreading arched distinct, interspaces covered with
minute wavy irregular raised points and lines, flowers about š in diam.

Eastern Penrnsuta, Malacca, Maingay, (Kew Distrib. No. 161 d and 160 9).

A small tree; branches obtusely angled. Leaves coriaceous, very pale-brown when

» Hot shining, narrowed into the petiole, which is 3 in. long; nerves j-3 in. apart.

ALE fl. in terminal fascicles, shortly pedicelled. Sepals broader than long, outer
smaller than the inner. Petals larger than the sepals, shortly clawed. Stamens very
numerous, filaments connate into a short column; anthers in very many series sur-
rounding a columnar rudimentary ovary with a discoid top, linear, recurved, 2-celled.
agra fl. solitary, terminal, subsessile. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slen-
"n userted on a hypogynous ring. Ovary globose, half-coucealed by the large convex
k ute stigma, 4-6-celled.—Maingay describes the stigma as marginally 3-4-lobed, but

appears to be quite entire in the dried specimens.—J. D. H.

a^ G. stipulata, 7. Anders, ; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-oblong
G pulate, male flowers in 4-6-flowered cymes, female solitary or geminate.
uttifera, Grif. It, Notes, 117 n. 961.

rikus HIMALAYA, in moist subtropical forests, Bhotan, Griffith (Kew. Distrib. 860)

m, ascending to 4000 ft. J. D. H. (Herb. H. f. & T. Garcinia, 17.) .

‘ree, about 60 ft ; bark smooth, branches slender. Leaves 6-12 by 14-34 in., dark
Fi. thi ckly coriaceous, yellow-green ; midrib and nerves prominent, the latter alternate,

nt, incurved, reticulate ; petiole 3 in.; stipules small, triangular. Mate fl. 4-6 in
jin syme; pedicels jin. stout; bracts scale-like. Sepals orbicular, concave, outer
am, mner tin. broad. Petals twice as long, obliquely ovate, acute. Stamens many,
ill annular mass; free portion of filaments very short. Femaue fl. like the ma e,
1. solitary, shor tly pedicelled. Fruit jin. long, oblong, smooth, shortly pointed,
d 2-seeded ; stigma orbicular, tubercled, margin revolute. Seeds flattened,
Or. E pesta strongly nerved.—Planchon and Triana refer the flowers of the Her A u .
cannot . : Specimens of this to G. speciosa (l.c. 172 in note), and state tha hey
any G,pcoucile the venation and stipulation of the leaves distributed with them w n
ibe, | ire but the tribe Quinec, and therefore refer these toa plant of that pai
Was no eros however examined the living plant in Sikkim, and it is certain that there

error in the distribution of the Indian specimens.

"x .
termi Stamens of the male flowers in 4 bundles ; anther-cells dehiscing by
nal pores, or by 2 erect valves ; stigma peltate smooth,

H. G. mer ; ; ] lanceolate
ipti. ^ Suensis, Wight Jil. 122, Ic. t. 116; leaves
optie or ovate with a long obtuse or notched tip, flowers axillary, palo
cx. » female Solitary or in pairs, Wal, Cat. 1948. [Lanessan Mem.
Gait 202 excl, syn,]' Discostigma inerguense, Planch, & Trian, Mem,

268 XXIII. GUTTIFERAX. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia,

EASTERN PENINSULA; in dense woods from Mergui to Malacca. . .

A small tree or shrub, young branches sub-4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1} in., thinly
coriaceous ; veins below very close set, delicate, ending in a stout intramarginal one;
petiole à—) in. Mark fl. numerous; cymes 4-4 in. long; pedicels } in., 4-gonal Outer
sepals small, bractlike; inner 25 in., thin, membranous, concave. Petals like the
inner sepals, concave. Stamens many, in 4 distinct bundles, each bearing a head of
anthers on short filaments; anthers small, 2-celled. Rudimentary stigma large fungoid ;
style equalling the staminal bundles. Femare fl. on pedicels 4-1 in. Fruit bin
long, oblong, fleshy. Seed solitary, subreniform.

25. G. travancorica, Beddome Flor, Sylvat. t. 173; leaves 25-35 In.
linear-oblong, tip rounded, base acute, nerves very slender horizontal, surface
finely reticulated beneath between them, petiole slender, flowers lin. diam.
Garcinia, sp. 2, Zeddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi.

WESTERN PENINSULA, in forests of Travancor and Tinnivelly, Beddome. ..

A large tree, abounding in a yellow pigment; branches obtusely 4-angled, shining.
Leaves coriaceous, sometimes broader upwards, dark green above, not shining, pale
beneath, with a stout reddish (when ary) midrib, and beautifully reticulated surface;
margins recurved; petiole |-3 in. Mare fl. in 3-chotomous, short, few. flowered termina
and subterminal cymes. Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals about twice as large, short y
clawed. Stamens in 4 large masses; anthers very numerous, versatile, 2-celled, cells
longitudinally 2-valved. Rudimentary ovary columnar, with a circular peltate stigma
Fema e fl. terminal, subsolitary. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slender,
inserted in a hypogynous ring. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large a
obscurely lobed stigma. Fruit as large as a walnut, subglobose, contracted into a sho
thick style with a broad imbricate stigma 4 in. diam. Seeds few, large, shining-—

26. G. terpnophylla, 7hwaites Enum. 406 ; leaves lanceolate acute or
acuminate with an obtuse tip, flowers axillary, made in short subumbellat
fascicles, females solitary or in pairs. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. XXL
Terpnophyllum zeylanicum, Thwaites in Hook. Lond. Journ. “fom
70, t. 2, £1, Enum, 49. Discostigma zeylanicum, Planch, & Trian. en.
Guttaf. 209.

Central province of CEvron, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites. . : 8;
A middle-sized tree, young foliage red-purple. Leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in., coriaceous i
midrib prominent, veins $ in. apart, inarching at the tips with an jntramargina ho t
Mate fl. fin diam. ; pedicels gin. Stamens many, in 4 (2-4 Beddomej very atary
spreading bundles, adnate to the basal keel of the petals; anthers sessile. Ruame ti
ovary a small papilla. Femaue fl.: Staminodes scale-like. Ovary 2-celled; T ^
peltate, partially lobed. Fruit 2 in. long, obliquely ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded.— "tion,
ower I have examined the stamens are in 4 equal bundles, as in its allies of this sec
and not on a lobed disk as represented in Journ. Bot. l.c. . : acumi-
Van. acuminatum; leaves with a long tapering obtuse point. Discostigm8
natum, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 209.

27. G. eugenieefolia, Wall. Cat. 4873 ; leaves broadly lanceolate sion

or acuminate, male flowers in short dense axillary cymes, females subur
e1led,

Eastern PENINSULA; Sincapore, Wallich (7491); Malacca, Griffith, Maingay:

A small tree very like G. mor wense, but MUR broader Win finely and choot
veined beneath like a Calophyllum. Maxx fl. as in merguense but sm rt; 8D-
dense cymes. Staminal bundles distinct, suberect, free part of filaments very § flowered
thers very small, Style slender, as long as the stamens. FEMALE fl. in 4-10: ciliate.
short subumbelled cymes. Sepals minute, scale-like. Petals smaller, marge ë
Staminodes 0? Ovary short, terete; stigma broad, peltate with revolute er

a š ! at
. gins.—I cannot agree with Triana and Planchon in referring Discostigma rostr

Garcinia. | XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 269

Haask. to this. Helfer states that the stem exudes a green varnish, and Griffith de-
scribes the juice of the fruit as milky.

SUBGENUS IL Xanthochymus, Roxb. (Gen.. Sepals and Petals 5,
very rarely 4, Filaments connate in 5, rarely 4 erect distant pedicelled
spathulate bodies, antheriferous at the top, free portions very short, in-
curved ; anthers small didymous.

28, G. Xanthochymus, Hook. f. ; leaves large linear-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate acute or acuminate, male fl. fascicled j in. diam. shortly pedi-
celled. Xanthochymus pictorius, Row. Corom. Pl. ii. 51, t. 196, Pl. Ind.
1. 633. X. tinctorius, DC. Prodr. i. 562 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32; Planch. &
Trian. Mem. Guttif. 149 ; W. & A. Prodr. 102; Wall. Cat. 4837.

Eastery Benea and the Eastern HIMALAYA, from Sikkim to the Khasia Mts. and
Birma : Eastern PENINSULA, Penang and the Andaman Islds. ; WEsrERN PENINSULA,
the Cirears, Roxburgh, and from the Bombay Ghats southward.
A middling sized tree; trunk straight ; branches drooping, angular. Leaves 9-18 by
in., coriaceous, shining, veins }~4 in. apart, reticulated; petiole 1 in., rugose. MALE
8. in diam., in 4-8-flowered fascicles, from the axils of fallen leaves, white; pedicels
thickened, 1-14 in. Sepals & in., orbicular, concave, fleshy, unequal. Petals j in.,
orbicular, spreading, thin. Stamens in 5 broad bundles of 3-5, alternating with 5 fleshy
glands, anthers 2-celled. Hermarn. fl. like the male. Ovary ovoid, pointed, usually
led ; stigmatic lobes 5, oblong, spreading, entire. Fruit the size of an apple, sub-
globose, pointed, dark yellow. Seeds 1-4, oblong —Yields a large quantity of indifferent
mboge (Roxburgh). The closely allied X. dulcis, Roxb., of the Indian Archipelago
as a round-tipped fruit. There are in Helfer's Tenasserim Herbarium imperfect spe-
cunens of a plant much resembling this, but with pubesecnt branchlets. “A very variable
*pecies in the shape of the leav s, and length of the peduncles and pedicels; it yields a
tenacious gum of no value.” — Thwaites.

29. G. ovalifolius, Mook. f. ; leaves ovate elliptic-oblong or lanceolate
or suborbicular retuse obtuse or acute, male fl. spiked or fascicled, sepals
: lolate. Xanthochymus ovalifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 632; W. £ A. Prodr.
02; Wall. Cat. 4838 ; Chois. Guttif, Ind. 32; Planch. & Trian. Mem.

uttif, 149; Thwaites Enum. 49. Stalagmites ovalifolius, G. Don.

3 Wesrery PENINSULA ; in forests of the Circars, Roxburgh; CEYLON, ascending to
00 ft.—Disrrin, Java?
e middling-sized tree. Leaves 3 4-84 by 13-34 in., shining ; nerves numerous, slender,
d ed with many oblique transverse nervules; petiole |-4 in. Flowers $—3 in. diam.,
m and ? often mixed in one fascicle, but usually the females are fascicled and the
^ es often spiked, the spikes sometimes running out to 4 inches long, with fascicles of
wers throughout their length. Mate fl.: Sepals 4, coriaceous, orbicular, half as large
.* membranous orbicular concave petals. Stamens in 5 long-clawed spathulate
cicles ; anthers few (6-10) didymous. FEMALE fl. usually on much longer pedicels than
ver n ale. Staminodes 5, small, with effete anthers. Ovary globose, 3—4-celled ; style
" Short ; stigma 5.lobed to the middle. Fruit broadly oblong ; size of a walnut, smooth,
lesse ™ 1-3-seeded.—A very similar species inhabits Java, but has always acute
udi. ovalifolia proper ;leavesobtuse, d flowers fascicled 1-] in. diam.—Ceylon
eninsula. .
tho] 2. spicata; leaves obtuse, £ in long or short spikes, flowers as in var. 1. e
An 35 Spicatus, W. «& 4. Prod. 102; Wall. Cat. 346 A.—Western Peninsula.
S12 in ` macrantha ; leaves obtuse, d flowers large 8-1 in. diam. fascicled, anthers
Westa ech bundle.—Xanthochymus ovalifolius? Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi.—
estern Ghats

AR. 4. acutifoli o
I ifolia ; leaves acute, flowers as in var. 1. .
folia. ieee no further differences than the above between vars. 2, 3, and 4 G.. ovali-

270 XXIII. GUTTIFERÆ. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia.

30. G. Andersoni, Hook. f. ; leaves very large 1-2 ft. oblong thickly
coriaceous subacute rounded or cordate at the base, nerves numerous strong,
flowers large, fascicled, pedicels very stout long, sepals pubescent.

Eastern Peninsuta; Malacca, Griffith, littoral (“ Koondon Belookar"), Maingay
(Kew distrib. 157, G. macrophylla, T. And. ms.)

Branchlets as thick as the middle finger, acutely 4-angled, almost winged when dry
green. Leaves by far the largest of the genus, often 2 ft. by 9 in., very variable in
breadth, nerves very numerous and prominent, meeting in a strong intramarginal one,
interspaces reticulate; petiole 1-2 in. very stout. Mare fl. unknown. Fem. fl. 3 in.
diam., in axillary many-flowered fascicles; pedicels very stout, 2 in., seated on a sub-

globose axillary cushion. Sepals 5, intricate, leathery, orbicular, concave, two outer,

smaller, all minutely pubescent at the back. Petals three times as large as the sepals,
orbicülar, concave, contorted in bud. Disk very large, of 5 thick fleshy pitted ciliate
glands, between each of which is a minute staminode with about 5 imperfect anthers.
Ovary globose, narrowed into a distinct style, 4-5-celled ; stigma cleft to the base into
4-5 linear-oblong obtuse rays. “ Fruit very large, pomiform, crowned by the stigma,
normally 5-celled," Maingay—This species was incompletely characterized Ma r.
Anderson from Griffith’s specimens under the mss. name of Garcinia? macrophylla ; I
have now redescribed it from Maingay's more complete specimens, and in so doing given
the name of my late friend the monographer of the Indian Guttiferee to what is certain y
by far the noblest species of the genus. Griffith in his notes attached to the specimen,
describes the perianth as 4-merous, but I find it is always o-merous.—J. . H.

Dounrrur SPECIES.

G. succrroria, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xli. pt. 2, of which the female flo
and fruit are not known. It is a native of Martaban.

wer

2. OCHROCARPUS, Thouars.
(Calysaccion, Wight.)

Trees with coriaceous leaves and axillary polygamous flowers. Calyx
closed before flowering, at length opening into 2, rarely 3, valves or sepa's.
Petals 4-7 or more. Stamens indefinite, filaments filiform, free or shortly
connate below ; anthers erect, oblong or linear, dehiscence vertical. Ovary
2-celled ; style short, stout, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Berry
1-4-seeded. Seeds large; embryo of a large fleshy tigellus with the cotyledons
reduced to a small mamilla or 9.—DisTRIB. A small genus of W. Africa,
Madagascar, and India.

1, O. longifolius, Benth. &. Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 980; leaves idom
oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, pedicels fascicled, petals acute. Bed 09 ^
Flor. Sylvat. t. 89. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight JU. i. 130, Lc. t. ET m
Mammea longifolia, Planch. d: Trian. Mem. Guttif. 216. Calophy!u
longifolium, Wall. Cat. 4851. C. chinense Walp. ? ea Seemann in Jonptanats

Forests of the Westers PENINSULA from Canara to the Concan.

A middling-sized tree; young branches terete, youngest 4-gonous.
2-24 in., thickly coriaceous, dark green, base rounded, midrib stout prominent, } leaf à
indistinct, very slender, united by innumerable venules which give the dried p0s
very beautifully lacunose appearance ; petiole short, stout, 1 in. Flowers % 1n. reat
on nodes clothed with subulate bracteoles in the axils of fallen leaves; buds glo J lá
pedicels 1 in., slender. Calyx bursting into 2 valves, reflexed during flowering. Fruit
4, thin, deciduous, white. Stamens many. Style subulate ; stigma broad, discoid: wers
1 in. long, obliquely ovoid, tipped by the hard pointed style, stipitate, 1-seeded. "
often hermaphrodite in cultivation, and used for dyeing silk.— Beddome.] M

2. O. siamensis, 7. Anders. ; leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceola

or oblanceolate obtuse, pedicels 1—2 rarely fascicled, petals rounded at the UP

Leaves 6- 8 by
nt, velus fes

Üchrocarpus.| XXIII. GUTTIFERUE. (T. Anderson.) 271

Mammea siamensis, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix, 261. Calysaccion
siamense, Miquel in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 209.

Dry hills in Peau and Arracan, M‘Clelland, Kurz.—DistRIS. Siam.

Mel similar indeed to O. longifolius, but the flowers are fewer in a fascicle, the petals
9

tuse, and the fruit narrower and more pointed.—Flowers sweet. Fruit 1} in. long,
ovoid, mucronate, glabrous.

3. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Trees. Leaves opposite, shining, coriaceous, with innumerable parallel
slender veins at right angles to the midrib. Flowers polygamous, in numerous
axillary or terminal panicles.. Sepals and petals 4-12, imbricate in 2-3 series.

lamens very many, filaments filiform often flexuous, free or connate below ;
anthers erect, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender,
sigma peltate; ovule solitary, erect. Drupe with a crustaceous putamen.

ed erect, ovoid or globose, testa thin, or thick and spongy.—DisTRiE.
üt 25 species, chiefly tropical Asiatic with a few American.

A. Sepals 4, Petals 0 (or Sepals 2, Petals 2). See also C. Wightianum.—
OTERIUM, Blume Bijd. 218.

- rh lowers in short racemes, racemes sometimes panicled and terminal, usually
ry.

1. c. spectabile, Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves large (6-14in.)
oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate, margins usually undulate, racemes sub-
umbellate few-flowered glabrous axillary or in subterminal leafy panicles.

18. Guttif, Ind. 43, in part; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 238 ; Wight

1 Li. 128, C. tetrapetalum, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 608. C. Moonii, Wight TU. i. 129,

s t ll; Wall. Cat, 4841 D, 4842, 4843, 4849 C ; hw. Enum. 52; Beddome
lor. Sylvat, Gen. xxii C. cymosum, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1. 497.

Forests of the EASTERN PExiNsULA, PExaxNG, and Ceyton.—Distris. Java, Fiji, and
tety Islands.

y der tree; young shoots 4-gonal, often clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 6-14
petiol, iD., base acute; veins many, close-set, equally prominent on both surfaces;
Petals i m, stout, Flowers few, 4 in. diam., in short racemes. Sepals 4, orbicutar,
the leave Fruits spherical or ovoid ; pedicel 1 in., stout, glabrous.—Roxburgh describes

“aves of C. tetrapetalum as being finely serrulate.
shi ©. canum, 77, ook. f. ; leaves (6-7 in.) linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate
ming D

Panicle. racemes in very stout terminal many-flowered hoary-pubesceut
Meles, pedicels short stout,

ALPEN PexINSULA ; Malacca, Maingay. .
browne’ robust, woody, eubeylindric. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, obtusely acuminate,
thickened when dry, shining on both surfaces, especially above, base acute, margin not
in. p? little waved; nerves extremely close, uniform on both sur aces; pe n
and bran ci tes terminal, of many short opposite stout racemes 1-2 in. long, rac his
Toadly oy; es stout. Flowers rather crowded, 3 in. diam. Sepals 4, outer coriac us
Concave alte obtuse concave, hoarv-pubescent externally, inner twice as large orpion ar
equallin, thew membranous. Petals 0. Stamens excessively numerous, en 8 yle
apparent, © Inner sepals; anthers linear.—Very like C. Wallichti, but the leaves a
Y never tomentose beneath, and there are no petals.—4. D. H.
3. .
Petiole a wilcherr imum, Wall. Cat. 4819 ; leaves 1-2 1n. ype lanceolate,
Chois, Qp} 'àcemes axillary few-flowered glabrous, pedicels very sl en r
“if. Ind, 4) ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guiif. 246. C. gracile an

272 XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) — [Calophyllum.

C. bancanum, Miguel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 498 and 499, and C. plicipes, %.
(according to Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. Bengal, xxxix. pt. 2, 64). C. mesuz-
folium, Wall. Cat. 4850.

EASTERN PENINSULA, Sincapore and Malacca.—DisrRis. Sumatra, Banca. — "
Branches slender, terete, shoots 4 gonal. Leaves 1-24 by 9-14 in., rigid, thin, o
tusely acuminate, base tapering acute; veins slender on both surfaces; petiole i4 xt
slender, Racemes from the axils of the oidest leaves, slender, glabrous, fow-flowere
pedicels 4 in., very slender. Sepals all equal, broadly ovate. Petals 0.—Of Wallich s
C. mesucfolium only a branch with a few leaves are known. . Kew
Var. oblongifolium; leaves 13-23 in. oblong, tip rounded. Malacca, Maingay (Ke

distrib. 173.)

4. C. Burmanni, Wight IU. i. 199, Ic. t. 107, 188; leaves small (1-2 in.)
elliptic-ovate; tip rounded, racemes small axillary few-flowered gabroms
Planch & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 233 (not of Seemann Fl. Viti.) ; Thales
Enum. 52; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii.

Hotter parts of CEYLON, at no great elevation. :

Young shoots 4-gonal, clothed with ferruginous tomentum. Leaves 14-24 by 1-1} Ina
thinly coriaceous, tip scarcely emarginate, finely and equally veined on both sur aceti
petiole 4-4 in. Facemes slender. Flowers scarcely 1 in. diam., pedicels long s m h.
Sepals 4, orbicular-ovate. Petals 0. Fruit nearly Š in. diam., sub-globose [re Scal
brown, Beddome].—Wight’s var. B parvifolium passes so gradually into the yp!
form as hardly to deserve recognition as a distinct form.

5. C. floribundum, Hook. f.; leaves 1-2 in. elliptic-lanceolate ob:
tusely acuminate margin thickened, petiole 4-} in., racemes glabrous
most of the axils, pedicels }-} in.

EASTERN PENINSULA; Malacca, Maingay. (Kew distrib. 170, 172, &? 171), eous,

Much-branched, everywhere glabrous ; branchlets 4-angled, strict. Leaves uo ie:
pale when dry, hardly shining, nerves close-set uniform on both surfaces. Flowers
erecto-patent, about half as long as the leaves, 6-8-flowered, pedicels spreading. bovate,
# in. diam., opposite. Sepals 4, outer broadly ovate, subacute, inner broadly oo y
tips rounded, membranous, veined. Petals 0. Stamens very numerous and style
exceeding the sepals. Fruit unknown.—J. D. H.

6. C. retusum, Wall. Cat. 4846 ; leaves 1-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong,
tip rounded, petiole short downy, racemes axillary slender pubescen ny,
wards the base. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 41 (excl. synonym) ; Planch. & Trian. tum:
Guttif. 237. C. amenum, Wall. Cat. 4849. C. Burmanni var. bractea
Wight Ill. i. 129. C. pisiferum, Planch. & Trian. l.c. 266.

Eastern PENINSULA, from Martaban to Sincapore, Griffith, (Kew distrib.

An erect much-branched, densely-leafy shrub; shoots clothed with ferrugnoU'
Leaves 1-2 by $-1 in., coriaceous; veins most prominent on the upper surface;
3-4 in, downy. Racemes in the axils of the lower and falien leaves, tew-flowere n
erect; peduncle ferruginous towards the base. Flowers small, glabrous. Sepa allow,
long, ovate-oblong. Petals 0. Anthers minute, ovoid. Fruit pisilorm, deep 5
pericarp thin.

rib. 876, 881.)
nous down.

etiolé
lender,
kin.

** Flowers solitary or 4n pairs.

-obovate
7. C. microphyllum, 7. Anders. ; leaves obovate or cuneate-obo
obtuse or retuse, flowers few glabrous.

; wW
EASTERN PENINSULA, near the top of Mt. Ophir, Griffith, Lobb, Maingay e
distzib. n. 165). L Leaves
A glabrous shrub; branches many, short, slender, leafy ; shoots foh surfaces ;
2-13 by i-3 in. tapering to the truncate base; veins prominent on bot slender,
petiole 3,-à in. Flowers in the upper axils, minute; pedicels iig

Cilophyllum.] XXIII. GUTTIFERH. (T. Anderson.) 278

recurved, 2 bracteolate at the base. Sepals 4, suborbicular, all nearly equal. Petals 0.
Fruit (immature) pisiform, tipped by the persistent style.

B. Sepals 4. Petals 4 (rarely 3, or 0 in C. Wightianum, or 8 in C. cordato-
ngum, cuneifolium and Walkeri).

* Racemes shorter than the leaves, except C. polyanthum.

8. C. inophyllum, Zinn.; DC. Prod. i. 562; quite glabrous, leaves
oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or emarginate shining, inner sepals
petaloid. - Chois. Guttif. Ind. 42; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254 ; Row,
Fi. Ind. ii. 606; W. & A. Prod. 103 ; Wight Ill. i. 128, Ic. t. 77 ; Wall. Cat.
ete: C, D, E, F; Zeddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. Bintagor, Roxb.
c. 607.

Western PENINSULA ; from Concan and Orissa “southwards ; CEYLON; EASTERN
ENINSULA, from Pega southwards; ANDAMAN lsrANDs.—Disrnis. E. African Islands,
Malay Archipelago, Australia, Polynesia.—Cultivated throughout India. _ .
. Amiddling-sized tree; bark grey, smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shin-
Ing on both Surfaces; veins many, fine; petiole 4-1} in. Racemes in the upper axils,
0086, 4-6 in. long, shorter than the leaves, lax, few-flowered. Flowers š in. diam.,
Pure white, fragrant ; pedicels slender, 1-2 in. Sepals 4. Petals 4, like the inner
sepals. Stamens numerous, filaments in 4 bundles. Ovary globose, stipitate ; style
much exceeding the stamens, stigma peltate lobed. Fruit 1 in. diam., globose, smooth,
Yellow, pulpy—Rumph and Blume say that the petals are sometimes 6-8. Wood
“arse-grained but valuable, Seeds afford lamp oil.

< c. Wallichianum, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 249 i young parts
sntose, leaves long-petioled narrow-oblong acute or obtuse,
pubescent on the rachis or throughout, sepals subequal, C. tetrapetalum,
l. Cat. 4843, not of Roxburgh.
Eastern PexiNsULA ; from Penang to Sincapore, Wallich, &c. "
1 oung branches sub-4-gonal, or cylindric, and buds rust tomentose. Leaves 6 by
w 11; acute or subacute at the base, margins flat or waved ; midrib puberulous ; veins
b neset, somewhat prominent on both surfaces; petiole 1-1} in. Racemes axillary or
*rminating short branches, few-flowered, half the length of the leaves, rusty pubescent ;
Peduncle and pedicels glabrous. Flower 3 in. diam. Sepals ovate-oblong, glabrous or
pubescent etals 4, oblong. Filaments slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fruit
a cherry.—Griffith’s Malacca, 880, may be this, but consists of a young
owerless branch only, the leaves are rusty-pubescent beneath, as are Maingay’s

10. €. Grifitni, 7 4 i l blong or elliptic-
. - Anders. ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong
oblong acute or obtuse, veins stout with a strong intramarginal one, racemes

glabrous, Sepals subequal.

Eastern P
ENINSULA ; Malacca, Griffith. . .
a: glabrous tree ; young shoots noii older cylindric. Leaves 4-6 by us tip
axi lay ded base acute, coarsely veined on both surfaces; petive 4 y i acemes
ew towe ich s : . wers . .
glabrous. Pao ao glabrous, much shorter than the leaves ;

‘elie maeroca um, Hoo - quite glabrous, leaves linear-oblong
s B ptic-laneeolate obtacely oe ae narrowed into a slender petiole,
Petals n not half the length of the leaves, pedicels 1-1} in., flowers 1 1n. diam.,

Basten much longer than the sepals. dab: TÜ

hes roe TEA ; ; ifithii, Kew distrib. 174).

"pen robust ; branchlets ind (Corns 3-5 by 14-2 in., very coria-

èxillary 9-45, bove, hardly so beneath ; nerves very strong ; petiole n in. sacemes
ly ‘ble, in. long, 6-1 0-flowered ; rather minutely puberulous. i d Plon ; outer
VOL, L & obtuse, very concave; 2 inner twice as long, petalo! me

274 XXIII. GUTTIFERJE. (T. Anderson.) [Calophyllum.

Petals 4, much longer than the inner sepals, linear-spathulate. Stamens very short,
Fruit (according to Maingay's drawing) 5 in. long, ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends,
smooth.—J. D. H.

12. C. polyanthum, Wall. Cat. 4844 ; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate
acuminate, margins waved, racemes terminal glabrous, outer sepals very
small. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 250.

Eastern BENGAL; Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft. ; Pegu, Kurz. . .

A glabrous tree, 60 ft., twigs 4-gonal, compressed. Leaves 4-6 by 14-14 in., cona-
ceous; veins equally distinct on both surfaces; petiole 4-4 in. Racemes many
flowered, equalling the leaves; the upper together forming a terminal panicle. Rise
jin.diam. Outer sepals suborbicular, inner twice as long, petaloid. Petals rather
longer than the inner sepals, obovate, concave, reflexed. Fruit the size of a sma
plum, subglobose, not pointed.

13. C. tomentosum, Wight Ill. i. 128, Ic. t. 110; young parts tomentose,
leaves elliptic or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margin waved, racemes
pubescent, outer sepals smaller than the inner. Planch. & Trian. Men.
Gy. 241; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. elatum, Beddome l.c. xxii.
and t. 2.

Moist forests in the Western PENINSULA from the Concan southwards ; and in
Cx xLos, ascending to 5000 ft. ls
A tall straight tree; branches 4-angled; buds, shoots, panicles and outer sepa
clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 3-5 by 11-2 in., coriaceous, shining ; veins many,
close-set, slender, eqnally prominent on both surfaces; petiole i-i in. ofteu dowel
Racemes from the axils of the upper leaves, sometimes collected into a terminal panicle,
lax, many-flowered. Flowers upwards of 1 in. diam. ; pedicels long, slender. liquely
orb'cular. Petals 4, ovate-oblong, larger than the sepals. Fruit Š in. lon » ob EA oll
oveid, ointed.—Yields the Poon-spars of Western India, and the seeds an à undan

in Ceylon.

14. C. bracteatum, Thwaites Enum. 51 ; young parts tomentose, leaves
elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate, racemes glabrous few-flowe
bracteate, sepals obovate, petals oblong-lanceolate. Planch. & Trian.
Guttif. 252; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii.

. e
A large tree, closely resembling C. Tomentosum. Leaves dimorphic, the fully dev

É hen
loped 3-8 in. long, tapering to the obtuse base, highly polished, golden brown onn
dry ; petiole 4-4 in.; abnormal or undeveloped leaves 1-2 by -4 in., subsessile, lin rie

15. C. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4847; young shoots often p
leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, racemes axillary glabrous, sepals su ht.
petals usually 0. Planch, & Trian. Mem. Gluttif. 228 ; Beddome Plor "ci
t. 90. C. spurium, Chois. in DC. Prod, i. 563; W. & A. Prod. i. 103: ^ g
piens, Wight Ill. i. 128, Ic. t. 106, not of Thwaites; Wall, Cat. 4841 À, *

to
Mountains of the - Western Coast of the Western Penrxsuna from the Conca?
Tra. vancor. h 1
oung shoots 4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by 1}-2 in., rigidly coriaceous, rO”. in.
usually retuse at the tip; veins most promisent on the under surface ; peti aa
Racemes from the axils of all the leaves and scars of a few fallen ones, severa Sepals
shorter than the leaves; peduncles and pedicels slender. Flowers £ in. gn Wight).
4, very thin, strongly veined. Petals 0 (or 4 small ones visible in the bu.

Calophyllum] XXIII. GUTTIFERÆ. (T. Anderson.) 275

Fruit 2 in. long, ellipsoid.—I have never found petals in any of the buds 1 have
opened,

** Racemes longer than the leaves, or equalling them. (See also C. poly-
anthum.)

16. C. trapezifolium, Thwaites Enum. 51; glabrous, leaves small ovate
or rhomboid, racemes few-flowered glabrous 2-3 times longer than the
leaves, Planch, d: Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254; Beddome Flor. Sylvat, Gen, xxii.

Central province of CEvrox, from 4-5000 ft., Thwaites. .
À tall tree, Leaves 14-2 by 1 in., coriaceous, tip rounded retuse or shortly acum
hate; veins fine, equally prominent on both surfaces; petiole } in. Racemes in °
weer axils; pedicels 4 in. Flowers Y in. diam. Outer sepals smaller than the inner.
“als 4, 2 outer larger than the inner. Fruit 3 in. diam., subspherical.

I7. ©. Thwaitesii, Planch. d Trian. Mem. Guttif. 232 ; glabrous, leaves
obovate or orbicular base rounded or cordate, racemes axillary glabrous
«eral times longer than the leaves. Thwaites Enum. 407 ; Beddome Flor.
yloat. Gen. xxii, Q. decipiens, Thwaites Enum. 51, not of Wight.

Mountains of Cayton ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites. .

wigs stout, 4-angled, Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., very thick and leathery ; Mein

“arse, Very prominent above, less so beneath; petiole py in. Zacemes rather
slender, few-flowered. Sepals 4, obovate. Petals 3—4, oblong, longer than the sepals.
Anthers half the size of those of C. Wightianum. Fruit subspherical.

18. G, cordato-oblongum, Thwaites Enum. 407 ; young parts pilvse,
leaves oblong-cordate obtuse, panicles terminal as long as the Soloat
pubescent, outer sepals twice as long as the inner. Beddome Flor. Sylvat.

. xxii.

At Hinidoon Pattoo in Cryton, Thwaites .

Y lofty tree ; twigs stout, 4-angled ; young shoots petiole and pedicels covered with
*ciduous rusty hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., very thickly coriaceous, obtuse, Flo M
Yelned on both surfaces; petiole 4-1 in. Peduncles and pedicels pubescent. we

m, diam, Sepals rounded, outer 1 in. long, inner petaloid, twice as long. Petals 4-8,
m., orbicular.

'9. €. cuneifolium, Thwaites Enum. 51; glabrous except the buds,
leaves small obovate or cuneate-spath ulate obtuse or retuse, racemes axillary
EM 38 or exceeding the leaves glabrous, outer sepals smaller ? an :
Mer. Planch, d: Trian. Mem. Guttif. 261 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen, xxii.

At Madamahanewera in CEvrox, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites.
1-13 po" tree ; leaf-buds and rachis of racemes covered with short brown down. Leaves

4 by 4-1 in., thick and leathery; veins stout and prominent on both sur Hn Á
i acemes 10 or more-flowered. Flowers about 4 in. diam. Sepals 4.
he smallest. Fruit spherical, 3 in. diam.

i €. Walkeri, Wight Ill. i. 128, t. 45 ; quite glabrous, leaves boten
edil rounded or retuse, racemes in the axils of the upper mE 1 the
in ced into a terminal panicle glabrous, outer sepals shorter leat "Gen
ae P lanch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 263; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen.

: decipiens, Wight Ill. i. 128. broad. ri

ill, A'Ee tree; twigs stout, t t t. Leaves 1-14 in long, almost as broad, r1-
Badly s aceous, crowded, veins strong: petiole 4 im, very stout. Flowers are me
Cured or white ; pedicels 1 in., very stout; buds globose. OL. eq nalling
Petals usually 8, larger than the sepals; inner smaller. T2 1 i

976 XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) (Calophyllum.

the stamens,.stigma fleshy peltate. Fruit size of a cherry, globose.—This tree is
said to flower once in 3-4 years; its seeds yield an oil used for burning.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,

C.? MARGINATUM, Wall. Cat. 4845.—Does not exist in any herbarium accessible
to me. .

C. Surtca, Buch. Ham; ex. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. Calophyllum Soulattri, Burm.
Fl. Ind. 121, with linear-oblong polished leaves and flowers whorled below them, is
quite unknown to me. 2l. soled

C. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 608; “twigs cylindric, leaves short-pet
lanceolate with lengthened subotuse points lucid finely veined, flowers 1n axi d
fascicles, pedicels with a cyathiform tip."—fPrince of Wales Island, where cà
Peon, and yields spars, Roxb.

4. KAYEA, Wall.

Trees. Leaves opposite; veins rather distant, arched. Flowers hort
phrodite, either large and solitary, or small and collected in terminai
panicles. Sepals and Petals 4 each, imbricate. Stamens numerous, filamen
slender, free or connate at the base; anthers small, subglobose, ae ed,
dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled; style slender, stigma acutely s i
ovules 4, erect, Fruit subdrupaceous, fleshy, indehiscent, 1-4-seeded. Se?
thick, testa thin and crustaceous.—DisTRIB. Tropical Asia, 4 species.

1. K. floribunda, Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 5, t. 210; Cat. 4840 ; leaves
oblong or linear-oblong acuminate cuspidate, panicle lax many-flowe
pedicels 2-bracteolate.

Dense tropical forests of the EASTERN HIMALAYA, in Sikkim, and the Ku
ascending to 3000 ft. in., thickly
A tall straight glabrous tree; branches cylindric. Leaves 5-8 by 1-13 in,

asta MTS.,

. . . 1 under
coriaceous, base acute; veius 1-1 in. apart, slender, arched, prominent on pel ter-
surface, faint on the upper; petiole 1 in., slender, cylindric. Panicle 6 in. Au

minal; branches and pedicels with 2 opposite bracts or bracteoles at bed little
Flowers | in. diam. Outer sepals } in. long, suborbicular, truncate. Peta ae onts
longer than the sepals, thin but fleshy, white, edges rosy. Stamens many, he thick
capillary, exceeding the sepals. Fruit the size of a chestnut, covered by the
accrescent yellow rugose calyx, tipped by the slender style, 1-seeded.

2. K. racemosa, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 269 ; leaves ODE
janceolate acuminate cuspidate, racemes short few-flowered, pedice
teolate. Mesua singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 4836.

"c 1).

Eastern PENINSULA; at Sincapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib." i

A glabrous tree ; branches cylindric; bark ashy. Leaves 4-5 by 1g in, thin,
petiole $ in., terete. Racemes short, axillary and terminal ; pedicels stout. gubu-
sepals thick, rugose. Immature fruit as large as a filbert, tipped with the E ssumed
late style.—Only one specimen seen, in the Linnzan Society’s Herbarium, oh ‘pitat in
to be the plant published by Planchon and Triana from a specimen without he ts, eec
De Candolle's Herbarium.—[Maingay’s specimens have slender whorled branch? lished,
with leaves at the end. Leaves 6-9 by 14-24 in., elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, not Pet few,
nerves beneath many, strong, arched, about 4 in. apart; petioles 4-5 in. Toc dune
short (1 in.), crowded on the tips of the branchlets between the two leaves; pe
and pedicels very short, bracts small ovate deciduous. Flowers 4 1n. dam. nume-
very thickly coriaceous. Petals about twice as long. Stamens in 1 series, very
rous, monadelphous at the base.—J. D. H.]

„nate
3. E. stylosa, Thwaites Enum. 50 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate < act utal
cuspidaté, racemes erect few flowered equalling the leaves, pe

Kayea.] XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 977

bracteolate. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 102, K. cuspidata, Planch. & Trian.
Mem. Guttif. 268.

Southern districts of Crrton, Thwaites.
À large glabrous tree; bark dark-grey ; branchlets terete, reddish. Leaves 2-3 by
il in., rigid; veins arched, very faint on both surfaces; petiole $-1 in., slender.
es from the upper axils, bracteoles subulate. Flowers small. Stamens many,
filaments capillary, persistent, exceeding the sepals. Fruit the size of a small chestnut,
covered by the coriaceous accrescent calyx, tipped by the thickened short style.

4 K. nervosa, 7. Anders. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate cuspidate, flowers solitary or 1-3 axillary or terminal Mesua
nervosa, Planch, d: Trian. Mem. Gutlif. 279.

Texassenni PROVINCES, at Mergui and Martaban, Griffith, Parish. Malacca,

angay. . .

Young branches minutely tubercled, sub-4-angular? Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., thin,
membranous, base rounded, shining above, coppery beneath ; veins distinct, } in. apart,
cbe depressed on the upper surface; petiole à in. Flowers 1j in. diam., pedicels
-24 in, tubercled. Outer sepals } in., thick and coriaceous, suborbicular, inner nearly
twice as large. Petals cuneate-obovate. Filaments capillary, nearly equalling the
Pisti. Style slender, thickened after flowering, stigma deeply 4-cleft.

5. MESUA, Lim.

ires. | Leaves opposite, rigi i Ilucid-dotted ; veins
i pposite, rigidly coriaceous, often pellucid-do ;
müumerable, very slender at right angles to the midrib, Flowers polyga-
i is Or hermaphrodite, large, axillary, solitary. Sepals and Petals 4 each,
mbricate, Stamens very numerous, filaments filiform free or connate at the
st l j anthers erect, oblong, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical Ovary 2-celled ;
a ong, stigma peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit between fles y
1~4. eda] l-celled by the absorption of the septum, at length 4-valve ,
3 ag Seeds without an aril, testa fragile.—DisTRIB. Tropical Asia;

LAM. ferrea, Lin». ; DC. Prodr.i. 562; leaves drooping linear-lanceolate
rian, 17c ™inate, peduncles short stout. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 40 ; Planch. 7
can. Mem. Gruttif. 271 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 605; W. & A. Prodr. 102; Wall.
1834 ; Wight Ill. 127, Ic. t. 118 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxiii.
Cat C082, Chois, in DO. Lc. ; Quttif. Ind. 40; Wight Ic. t. 961; Wall,
- 1835: Beddome Lc xxiii. M. pedunculata Wight IHH. 127, c. t. 119.
M per emandeliana, Wight Ill. 129, Jc. t. 117; Beddome Flor. Syloat. t. 64.
and y urghii, Wight I. 127 ; Beddome Le. xxiii. M. salicina, M. W alkeriana
Ti, Pülchella, Planch. & rian. Lc. 373, 374, and 379. M. sclerophylla,
Nat 7/5 Enum, 407 ; Beddome Lc. xxiii. M. Nagana, Gard. in Cale. Journ.
- Hist, viii, 4,

Weer ins of EasrERN Beneat, the Eastern HIMALAYA, and the EASTERN and

mid tle PNINSOLAS, and Anpaman Istanps; cultivated elsewhere in India. led
aves 9 D SZed glabrous tree; trunk, erect, straight ; twigs slender, sub-4-ang od
More or ee by 13 to 13 in., base acute or rounded, dark-green and shining above, coverec
Picuous ess with fine waxy meal beneath; veins very fine, close-set, and ote y N inal
aud sol on both surfaces ; petiole 1-1 in. Flowers 1-3 in. diam., usua ly termina
lar 7 or in pairs, Sepals orbicular, thick, with membranous margins, fanen pair
lden. ello 4, spreading, cuneate-obovate, pure white. Anthers large, o ong,
moe W. Fruit ovoid, conical-pointed, size variable, often of a large ches ME
A ves ounded by the persistent sepals, 1-4-seeded. Seeds dark-brown, testa smoot h.
J Variable plant, the absence of the pruinose under-surface of the leaves is by

97 XXIII. GUTTIFERÆ. (T. Anderson.) | Mesua.

no means evnfined to the small-flowered states from S. India, to which the name of coro-
mandel.ana has been applied ; the latter is a small and distinct-looking form.

2. M. Thwaitesii, Planch. € Trian. Mem. Guttif. 277; leaves linear-
oblong acute or acuminate, flowers subsessile. M. speciosa var. a, Thwaites
Enum. 50, not of Choisy.

Banks of streams in the Ratnapoora district, CEvLow, Thwaites. T

A tree resembling M. ferrea, but distinguished by the form of the leaves an Wo
sessile or subsessile flowers. Leaves 8-12 by 13-2 in., base acute, glaucous and faintly
nerved beneath. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam., axillary, solitary or in pairs.

3. M.? lepidota, 7. Anders.; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, racemes terminal. .

Eastern PENINSULA; Malacca, Griffith (distrib. Kew, No. 845, named M. specwsa
by error). in., shortly

Branches short, rather slender, terete. Leaves coriaceous, 21-33 by 3-1] in. 8 uall
cuspidate, tapering to the obtuse base; veins very numerous, close set, fine, Sd nte
faint on both surfaces. Flowers unknown. Fruit size of a chestnut, subglobose, pot fy,
subtended by the thickened obtuse sepals, valves thick, surface rugulose as i p»
Seed with a brown brittle testa.—Probably a new genus between Kayea an i
on account of the small woody non-accrescent sepals.

6. PŒCILONEURON, Beddome.
(W. T. Thiselton Dyer.)

Trees. Leaves opposite, smooth, coriaceous, with close-set sprea
veins, minutely reticulated. Flowers yellowish-white, in a termina ^
or solitary at each node. Sepals 4-5, small, imbricate. Petals 5-6, t :
Stamens numerous, free or slightly connate at the base, filaments sho 1 M
anthers basifixed, narrow-linear, erect, Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, su a 4
stigmas punctiform ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending from the base. ats
ovoid, 1-celled, septicidal?, with a single erect seed, albumen 0; coty
fleshy ; radicle minute, inferior.—-Distris. S. India; species 2.

" . Flor.
1. P. indicum, Bedd. i» Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 267, t. 17; ed
Sylvat. t. 3; flowers in a pyramidally spreading terminal panicle 4 1m.

sepals and petals each 5, anthers lobulated.

WESTERN PENINSULA ; on the west slopes of the Ghats, from South Canara to
bar, alt. 3-4000 feet., Beddome. e gs tiol

A large tree. Leaves 4-10 by 14-24 in., elliptic, with a long acumination, Plow
Peduncles, pedicels, and sepals slightly puberulous. Flowers à in. diam., Y
white. Fruit ellipsoid.

eading lateral
] panicie,

Mala-
ed.

is

t 4 together

2. P. pauciflorum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 93; flowers abou + larger,

and terminal or solitary at each node, sepals 4 the 2 innermos
petals 6, anthers simple.

Western PENINSULA ; Travancor, alt. 4-5000 ft, Beddome. — tals oblong:

A tree with red wood. Leaves about 5 by 14 in., narrowly elliptic. Pe nd rather
obtuse. Fruit 1 in. long, | in. diam., at first obpyriform, finally ovoid ?
smaller than in P, indicum.

|
|
x
x

XXIV. TERNSTRÆMIACEÆ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 279

Order XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACEZE.
(By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.)

Shrubs rarely climbing, or trees. Leaves alternate, simple (in Indian
species) entire or often serrate, usually coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers
handsome, seldom small, usually subtended by 2 sepal-like bracts, rarely
diclinous, axillary, 1 or more together, rarely in lateral or terminal racemes
or panicles, Sepals 5, rarely 4-7, free or slightly connate, the innermost
often larger. Petals 5, rarely 4-9, free or connate below, imbricate or con-
torted. Stamens numerous (definite in Sladenia and Stachyurus) free or
connate, usually adnate to the base of the deciduous corolla ; anthers basi-
xed or versatile, dehiscing by slits or rarely by terminal pores, Ovary free
(inferior in Anneslea), sessile, 3-5-celled, (many-celled in Actinzdia) ; styles
as many, free or connate, stigmas usually small; ovules 2-© in each cell,
rarely solitary, never orthotropous, Fruit baccate or capsular. Seeds few
or numerous, placentas axile, albumen scanty or 0, rarely copious; embryo
straight or hippocrepiform, cotyledons various.—DisTR1B. Rare in tempe-
Tate, abundant in tropical Asia and America, almost wanting in Africa and
entirely in Australasia; species about 260.

TRIBE I. Ternstræmieæ. Peduncles 1-flowered (many-flowered in
Bladenia), Petals imbricate. Stamens adherent to the base of the corolla ;
anthers basifixed, Fruit (in Indian Genera) indehiscent. Seeds usually
the albumen fleshy usually scanty. Embryo curved ; cotyledons shorter

an the radicle and about as broad.

* Fruit inferior,

^" . 1. ANNESLEA.
Fruit superior.
wers hermaphrodite (except Ternstremia penangiana).
Anthers glabrous ( . P ems nema pe . d . . 2. TERNSTREMIA.
Anthers usually pilose.
amens about 12, ovary 3-celled . . . . . - 3. SLADENIA.
ini many, seeds numerous, ovary 3—5-celled . H ADINANDRA.
ens many, seed r E d. . CLEYERA.
Flowers dicecions > ee s moderate, ovary 2-3 celle ©. Evra.

nn IL Sauraujes. Peduncles many-flowered. _ Petals imbricate.

Mer Versatile. Fruit usually pulpy, rarely sub-dehiscent. Seeds nu-

eous minute, albumen abundant, Aadicle straight or slightly curved
onger than the cotyledons,

*
Flowers 5-merous, stamens many.

tyles many , , 2. s. . 7. ACTINIDIA.
2eda PtP DDD ll `. 8 SAURAUJA.

Flowers 4-merous, stamens few. 9. STACHYURUS.
Tam

3: BE III. Gordoniego Peduncles 1-flowered, often very short. Petals
seu ricate, Anthers versatile. Fruit indehiscent or loculicidal. Albumen
YO. Cotyledons various ; radicle short, straight or curved.
rut indehiscent,
«Fruit dehiscent,
Seeds winced! radicle inferior
wingless

11. PYRENARIA.

. 10. Scnma.
, 12. GORDONIA.
, 13. CAMELLIA. .

radicle superior eov» eres :

280 XXIV. TERNSTRCMIACEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.)

Trier IV. Bonnetiess. Flowers in terminal panicles, rarely lateral and
solitary or racemose. Petals contorted. Anthers versatile or basifixed.
Fruit indehiscent or septicidal; albumen scanty or 0. Embryo straight,
cotyledons flat ; radicle short.

Ovary 5-celled . . . . 20. . . 14, AROHYTAA,

Peciloneuron is referred to G'uttifere. (p. 278.)

1. ANNESLEA, Wall.

Evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstræmia. Flowers axillary and
forming sub-terminal umbellate corymbs, rather large, white. Sep ,
connate into a tube which is finally fleshy and adherent to the ovary. th
5, connate. Stamens many, scarcely adherent to the corolla; anthers ^ l
a long apiculus. Ovary i-immersed in the torus, 3-celled ; style 4 )
ovules many, pendulous from the top of the cells. Frut baccate, leat ui
inferior, crowned by the sepals. Seeds oblong with a horse-shoe-s RA
cavity, testa osseous, albumen fleshy.—DisrRiB. Malay Peninsula ; species ^

1. A. fragrans, Wall. Cat. 598; Plant. As. Rar. i. 5, V. 5; peduncles
about twelve in each corymb 21-3 in. slender with 2 ovate obtuse bracts.
Griff. Notul. iv. 567, t. 585 A, f. 17.

Eastern PENINSULA ; Moulmein and Martaban, Wallich, &c. . petioles

A tree 30 ft. Leaves 31-5 by 11-24 in., elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse; pe arlet
-l in. Sepals 4 in., cordiform, acute. Fruit 1 in. diam. Seeds with a thin sc
eshy envelope.

2. A. crassipes, Hook. ex, Chois. Mem, Ternstr. 41 ; peduncles shy
each corymb about 1 in. rather thick with 2 small ovate acute
bracts. :Uppine Islds

Eastern PENINSULA ; Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Griffith, &c.—DisTRIB. Philippine een

A tree. Leaves 2-44 by 11-2 in., lanceolate elliptic or oblanceolate, crenu ate, lin
or obtuse; petioles 4-1 in. Flowers as in A. fragrans but drooping. Sepals 3165
orbicular, acute. Fruit 3 in. diam.

2. TERNSTREMIA, Linn.

Glabrous evergreen trees or shrubs, Leaves leathery, entire OT cm
serrate. Peduncles lateral, recurved, 2-bracteate below the flower. ¿pats 9.
Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers glabrous, tire;
2-3-celled ; style simple, often 0, stigma broadly 2-3-lobed or su re $
ovules 2 in each cell, rarely 1 or 3-6, pendulous from the apex. S@@ an
Anneslea but the albumen sometimes evanescent.—DisTRIB. Trop. Asia
America; species 25,

* Anthers apiculate.

1. T. japonica, Thunb. in Trans, Linn. Soe. ii. 335 ; a tree about 20 m
leaves oblong-obovate petioled, style subentire, stigma 2-lobed, fruit 8
bose. Cleyera japonica, Thunb, Fl. Jap. 224 (not of Sieb. £ Z ucc.). Mok

Eastern BENGAL and PrxiNsULA, from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. to bis
mein. Western PENINSULA; Nilghiri Mts.; CEvrox.—DisrE1B. Sumatra,
Japan, Loochoo Islds. 9-3 by

Branchlets with rather soft bark, whorled or repeatedly forked. Lem du
3-12 in., rather crowded at the ends of the branches; petioles 4-1 in. +° corolla
1-$ in. 2-edged. Flowers Š in. diam., in the axils of the fallen leaves ; t
spreading, pale yellow. Qvary-cells 2-ovuled. Fruit 4-2 in. diam., baccale,

, the sepals. Anthers
minutely bi obtuse, rather longer than the sep

` : z 2
Ternstremia.] XXIV. TERNSTREMIACES. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 281

iffith' iacea from Khasia (Itin. 42,
jui than 2-seeded.—Griffith's Ternstramiacea 1 f 2
Not s ae Ie 604, f. 1), probably belongs to this, although described with uni
| y ig. FI.
“Yam 1 Wight Choisy Mem. Ternst. 19 (sp.), leaves ne V aneura, Mig. in
Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 477. Cleyera gymnanthera, W. £ A. Prodr. B n (n [54
Thw. Enum. 41; Bedd. Flor. Syloat. t. 91. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat.
Linn. Soc. only). . .
Var. 2. parvifolia, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 14; leaves 11-2 in.

S
2, T. emarginata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 14; a shrub 1018 ft, ores
sessile spathulate crenulate-serrate emarginate, style rep y Cade, Journ,
atly capitate, fruit conical. Cleyera emarginata, Garda.
lat. Hist. vii. 447 ; Thw. Enum. 40. 1
; ; hig and, Gardner. in. diam.
Lamas. isn Pedunelos 3 a 2-edged, minutely bracteate. eo ae ala 1 ,
White, then yellowish-purple. Petals twice the length of the P points out this so
ovuled, Thao.) Fruit oblong-ovoid, baccate, 2-seeded.—As d Y Publ
osely resembles the Brazilian T. cuneifolia'as to be barely disting

. Y ^ M
* Diccious, anthers not apiculate. Erythrochiton, Grif.

- sti niform
3. T. penangiana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20 ; stigma macrocarpa,
fo laceous, fruit ovoid baccate with a coriaceous epicarp. 70 i. 64. Ery-
hef. obs. phyt. 15, fide Kurz, in As. Soc. J ourn. Beng. APT Fagraea!
n buniton Wallichianum, Grif. Notul. iv. 565, t. 585 A, f.
uva, Wall, Cat. 4456. and
y tss PENINSULA ; from Moulmein and the Andaman Islands to Penang
acca,— . . . bovate,
A small dud DR ik trunk. Leaves 4-8 by 13-34 inane ary axillary or '
acute, coriaceous ; petioles about 1 in. Flowers nearly 1 in. S "Ah many in the male
subfasciculate, Petals fleshy, twice the length of the sepals. feno flowers. Ovary-
OWers, crowded in many rows, reduced to filaments in the cme imbedded in a
tells 2-ovuled ; style very short. Berry 14 in. diam. Seeds 4, bony,
reddish or pinkish pulp,
AR. monosperma ; berry 1 in. diam., 1-seeded, from the
: issi rom
T.? KuasgaxA Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20, Griff. n. 422 in Hon Doi elentical with
Khasia ts., proves from the examination of the type specimen 331.)
icium Grifithii, H. f. & T. p.40. (See Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 331.

3. SLADENTA, Kurz. MS. ed, Flows

. A shrub? Leaves crenately serrate, glabrous, feather ve ls 5, free.
n dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Separ &laments dilated

‘amen about 12 slightly adnate to the base of the petals, t below. hispid.
(i the base ; anthers basifixed, the lobes slightly divergen style; ovules 2
Ovary 3-celled, tapering into the very short 3-denticulate ;
M eac cell, pendulous. Fruit unknown.

l. S. Celastrifolia, Kurz, ms.

UNAN, Mynesa, J. Anderson.

P, i base; petioles j in.
een i - nate, acute at the ;
a dicel8 t 5 by 14-2 in., oblong-obovate, acumi , f

apery. Petals
oblanceola eae Sepals à in., lanceolate, obtuse or hooded at the EAA with a

connective,
4. ADINANDRA, Jack.

j Gordonia.
Small eve ith the habit of Zernstremi or hen
Pala illary, solitary, eared, 2-bracteate at the apex. Flowers o

989 XXIV. TERNSTR@MIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Adinandra.

silky outside. Sepals 5. Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many,
often 1-4-adelphous, usually hairy. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style ultimately
elongate, entire or shortly 3-5-fid ; ovules many in each cell. Fruit globose.
Seedsmany, small, albumen fleshy.—DisTRIB. Confined (except the W. African
A. Manni) to the Malay Peninsula and Indian Archipelago ; species 10.

1, A. dumosa, Jack in Malay Misc. ii. no. 7, 50 ; leaves elliptic-oblong
serrulate above the middle glabrous ferruginous beneath, petioles à Wy
peduncles about 1 in., sepals orbicular-ovate glabrous; Wall. Cat. 3664 bis
(ea Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 90) & 7071 (in Herb. Kew.). A. Jackiana and frichono,
ryna, Korth. Verh, Nat. Gesch. Bot. 106, 107. A. cyrtopoda, stylosa, a il
glabra, Mig. Flor. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 478, 479. 'Ternstroemia? dumosa, Wos :
Cat. 2245 (ex Chois. l.c.). Camellia 1 Scottiana, Chois. Le. (not of Wall. Her .)

Easrern PENINSULA ; Sincapore and Malacca, Jack. &c.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, China. . «oles

A small tree. Leaves 24-4} by 13-24 in., acute at both ends, coriaceous ; peto
i Peduncles solitary or in pairs, extra-axillary. Bracts 3 the length of the nn :

etals twice the length of the sepals, ovate-oblong, acute, white. Stamens silki ou,
Ovary glabrous; style subulate, persistent, 4 in. in fruit. Berry 4 in. diam., glabrous.

2. A. acuminata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 109 ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate more or less acuminate glabrous, petioles } in., peduncles i Wi
sepals oblong-ovate glabrous. Gordonia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3661 n Wal i
Linn. Soc, Ternstremia? coriacea, Wall. Cat. 1453. Camellia axillaris, 330).
Cat. p. 158 (not of Roxb. ex Bot. Reg. 349, see Journ. Linn. Soe, xu.
Polyspora axillaris, Chois, Mem. Ternstr. 91 (not of Don).

Eastern PENINsULA ; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich, &c.—DisTRIB. Sumatra. and
A small tree. Buds silky. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in. Peduncles thickened ;
warted after flowering. Bracts minute, deltoid, acute. Sepals 4-3 in. Stamens Se
Style pilose, filiform, thickened below; stigma very minutely 2-lobed, subcapıtat®.

Berry 3 in. diam., glabrous. Seeds about 6 in each cell, discoid, rather large.

TE e
3. A. Griffithii, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-anceo
acuminate glabrous, petioles 1 in., peduncles 1 in., sepals rotund-ellp
glabrous, styles deeply 5-fid. Kew Distrib. 755, Cleyera grandiflora.
Eastern BENGAL; Khasia Mts., Griffith. t
A tree? Buds glabrous. Leaves hi by 14-2 in., paler beneath. Bracia T
obsolete. Sepals | in. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens sparingly

e i : rdi
l-seriate, adnate to the petals. Ovary glabrous; divisions of the style cylindric, hardly
exceeding the sepals, `

4. A. integerrima, 7. Anders, ms, ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate Ele
dular-serrulate paler beneath with black glands and a few hairs "e
4-3 in. pubescent, peduncles 4 in. strigose, sepals ovate silky ou "ia E
dasyantha, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 90 (not of Korth.). Ternstr et 2246
tegerrima, Wall. Cat. 1452 in Herb. Linn. Soc. T. 1 reticvlata, Wall. C Kew
(ex Choisy l.c. 90). Gordonia reticulata Wall. Cat. 3663 bts «n id om
7070 (ex Choisy Lej), Camellia japonica, Wall. Cat. 3667 tn Herb. Kem

Eastern Peninsuta; Penang, Wallich. 2)i

Branches with pubescent extremities and silky buds. Leaves 3-5 by 141-2: n
at both ends or obtusely acuminate. Braets small, ovate, acute. Sepals i ?
ing the silky petals. Stamens adnate to the base of the petals; anthers 8! i shining:
densely silky. Berry 3 in. diam., with appressed pubescence. Seeds sma

with
5. A. maculosa, 7. Anders. ms, ; leaves finely mottled benen i in.
reddish-brown remotely denticulate glabrous, petioles š in., pe

n., acute

exceed-
ry

Adinandra.| XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 283

puberulous, sepals strigosely pubescent outside, Ternstroemia? integerrima,
Wall. Cat, 1452 in Herb. Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc.

Eastery PENINSULA ; Penang, Wallich. 2x 2x

Branches glabrous; buds yellow, silky. Leaves 4-6 by 2-24 in., elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, shortly acuminate, acute at the base. Bracts 4 the length of the sepals, orbi-
cuar. Berry | in. diam., hoary with thin appressed pubescence. Seeds minute.

6. A. villosa, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 24 ; leaves pubescent beneath,

tioles + in., peduncles 1 in. pilose, sepals silky near the middle externally.

ernstræmia? sericea, Wall. Cat. 1454, Schima Wallichii, Choisy Mem.
Ternstr, 91 (not of Choisy in Zoll. Cat.).

EASTERN PexivsULA ; Tavoy, Wallich. .

À small pubescent tree; young shoots silky. Leaves 34-5 by 11-2 in., oblong ovate-
oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate, base obtuse, glabrous above, yellowish below, sub-
coriaceous, Peduncles nodding. Bracts obsolete. Flowers 3 in. diam. Sepals ovate.
Petals densely silky at the apex. Style elongate, subulate, strigose but glabrous at the
spex, Berry | in. diam., covered with white appressed silky hairs.—Habit of 4.
integerrima.

7. A. crenulata, 7. Anders, ms. ; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong crenu-
late-serrate glabrous, petioles } in., peduncles 1-12 in. thinly strigose. Tern-
stræmia crenulata, Wall. Cat. 3723.

Eastern Peninsuta? Herb. Madr. ( Wallich
Glabrous except the flowers and A Tem, 3-5 by 11-14 in., acute at both ends,
Pominently reticulated above. Peduncles thickened at the apex, slightly recurved.
acts nearly obsolete, Sepals and petals as in A. villoso, but less silky. | Stamens
hate to the petals, filaments short, glabrous ; anthers silky, with an acumina Wight
(Ly so The plant described under the name of Zernstramia crenulata by Wight,
“1. 99) is a species of A. porosa.

è A. lasiopetala, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 24; leaves narrow oblanceolate
glabrous above minutely strigillose beneath, margins revolute denticulate,
yers silky-strigose externally. Sarosanthera lasiopetala, T'hw. Enum, q
eyera lasiopetala, Wight Ill. i. 99. Eurya lasiopetala, Gardn. «n Cate.

ourn. Nat, Hist. vii. 466,

CeYLON; at 6000 ft. and upwards
E. small tree; branches terete, minutely strigose. Leaves 24-4 by 7-1 in., obtuse or
1 the 1unate, retuse. Peduncles 3 in., nodding, thickened towards the oe th length
- e length of the sepals, deltoid. Flowers 4-8 in. diam. Petals 3 times ° EER
st e qi eee White. Stamens thinly hairy, unequal, filaments slender. Ovary 3-c ;

, Horm, stigmas 3 cylindric obtuse. Berry 4 in. diam.

Tr 5. CLEYERA, DO. duncles shorter, often
ics Or shrubs with the habit of Ternstremia, Peduncles shorter,
fascicled, flowers smaller ; bracts minute or 0. Sepals 5. Petals 5, mo a:
“ss connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers pilose. Ovary 23e e le
y id often elongate with a shortly 2-3-fid apex, or shorter and more keep ly
Dos ed, stigmas slender ; ovules many. Seeds usually few, albumen cay "
` “Topical Asia; Japan, Mexico and the Antilles. Species about 6.

l. ç. Ochna ¿ . oblong-obovate or
cea, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 21; leaves ob a

a Ong-oblanceolate dri i ed acute, flowers usually in small fascicles

Y solitary, apex of peduncles with 2 almost obsolete bracts. C.

Ld

984 XXIV. TERNSTRE@MIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) —[Cteyera.

Wallichiana, Sieb. & Zucc. Fl. Jap. i. 154. C. ochnoides, G. Don Gen.
Syst. i. 566.

CENTRAL HIMALAYA; Nipal, Wallich. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 2000 ft. . .

Leaves 3-44 in. by 13-2 in. ; petioles 4 in. Peduncles $ in., usually nodding, thick-
ened towards the apex. Petals 1-3 in., 3 times the length of the sepals, yellow. Style
subulate. persistent. Fruit baccate.—Probably C. japonica, Sieb. and Zucc., which has
the pedicels and flowers only 3 as large is not distinct.

Van. 1. Lushia, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 566 (sp.) ; fascicles about 5-flowered, peduncles
erect. "Ternstremia Lushia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 225.

Var. 2. grandiflora, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 21 (sp.); fascicles 2—4-flowered, p^
larger, leaves narrower more acuminate. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1461 in Herb.
Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc.

2. C. grandiflora, H. f. & T. ms. (not of Wall. or Choisy) ; leaves oblong
obtusely acuminate base obtuse, flowers usually solitary, peduncles wit
minute alternating bracts.

Easrexn BENGAL; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. "

Leaves 4~54 by 14-2 in.: petioles 3 in. Peduncles about 3 in., usually erect. Five)
š in. diam. Petals } in., about four times the length of the sepals.—Closely allied to C.
ochnacea, but larger in all its parts,

6. EUR YA, Thunb.

Shrubs, Leaves glabrous, usually crenate-serrate. Flowers small, dieron
sessile or shortly pedicelled in axillary fascicles, or rarely solitary, wit M
sistent bracteoles, Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the base. Stamens l 3
less, rarely 5; anthers glabrous. Ovary 3 (rarely 2-5-)-celled ; sty ^el
(rarely 2-5) free or united; ovules many in the inner angle of each ce’;
Fruit baccate. Albumen fleshy. —Distris. S. E. Asia, Indian Arch. d
Pacific Is. ; reputed species more than 30, reducible at most to 10. | Thwat
indeed, after careful study, unites 1, 3, 4, 5 into one variable species.

1. E. japonica, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 191, t. 25; glabrous, branches striate,
flowers about 2 together 2-bracteolate, sepals glabrous. Mc *
Eastern HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 5—10,000 ft. ; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-6000 ft.; ^ -
tains of the EAsrERN and WESTERN PENINSULAS, and CEYLON ascending to 7000 it.
Disrris. Eastwards to Japan and the Fiji Islands. D blan-
Van. 1. Thunbergii, Thw. Enum. 41; leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in. elliptic OT M
ceolate more or less serrate acuminate, petioles } in., styles free. E. pin A roa,
& A. Prodr. 86. E. Wightiana, Wight IU. i, t.38 (mot Wall). E. coneoooh
Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 114. “E. elliptica, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Mat .;
vii. 443. E. japonica, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 92.—Sikkim, 5-10,000 ft. Loochool.,
Concan, Stocks; Ceylon, Gardn., Nilghiris, Gardn.—Distris. S. China,
J apan, Fiji L—E. vitiensis, A. Gray. 1 in. nar-
var. 2. nitida, Korths. l.c. 115, t. 7 (sp.); stems 8 ft., leaves 14-21 by b- : i in.,
row elliptié or oblanceolate serrate above acute or shortly acuminate, petio e d ay
styles united beyond the middle. E. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 1465, in part. iculats,
tyla, Miq. in Herb. Honenacker. E. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3062. E. wm ft.
Wall. Cat. 4399.—Habit resembling that of the Tea shrub—Khasia, 3- Borneo
Grifith; Moulmein, 5000 ft.; Penang, Lobb.—Nilghiris, Gardn. DistkiB.
Sumatra, Java. hes silky-
Var. 3. phyllanthoides; Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 110 (sp.); tips of branches o,
pubescent, leaves 4-5 by 1 in. usually narrow elliptic serrulate with a long 8€
apex, petioles 4 in., styles united.—Khasia Mts., Moulmein.—Distms. Java.

. +n silky a
2. E. symplocina, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114; branches striate SES
the apex, flowers in rather crowded fascicles, peduncles 3-bracteo

Eurya.| xxiv. TERNSTRCEMIACEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 285

sepals silky outside, styles united. E. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1464 in part,
not of DC, E. Wallichiana, Planch. ms., not of Steud. Diospyros cerasifolia,
Don Prodr. 144.

CENTRAL and Eastern Hmataya, alt. 5-7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Mishmi,
Griffith. —Disrrim. Java. .

A slender shrub. Leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in., oblong-elliptic, entire or serrulate above,
obtusely acuminate, papery, midrib with appressed pubescence ; petioles } in.

3. E. chinensis, R. Br. in Abel’s Voy. 379, cum te. ; branches sub-
exuose 2-edged pilose, leaves small, flowers 2-3 together subsessile 2-brac-

teolate, sepals glabrous, styles united. E. parvifolia, Gard. in Cale. Journ.
at. Hist. vii, 445. E, japonica 8 parvifolia, Thw. Enum. 41.

Ceyton; ascending to 8000 ft.—Disrris. China, Japan. .
A shrub 3-12 ft. Leaves 1-14 by 4-3 in., obovate, margins revolute, mucronate ser-
Tate, obtusely acuminate, midrib hairy, petioles 3; in. Pedicels and bracteoles glabrous.

4 E. ceylanica, Wight TU. i. 98 ; branches cylindric pilose, leaves with

epressed veins, flowers 2-4 together 2-bracteolate shortly peduncled, sepals
glabrous, stigmas 3 subsessile reflexed. E. japonica y chinensis, 7'&w.

num. 4].

Cevtoy, alt. 37000 ft. .. .

A shrub, 12-16 ft, Leaves 13-4 by 3-13 in, broadly, elliptic, shortly acuminate,
margins recurved, mucronate-serrate, tip retuse, midrib hairy; petioles j^; in. Pedicels
and bracteoles hairy. Fruits with a few scattered hairs.

5. B. acuminata, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 29; branches cylindric pu-
bescent-hairy, flowers about 5 together shortly peduncled 2-bracteolate,

Styles 3-5 distinct or united below. Diospyros serrata, Ham. in Don
Prodr. Nep. 143,

TEMPERATE and Sostropicat HiwALAYA, alt. 3-7000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan;
ountains of EASTERN Benoa, Assam, and the Eastern PENINSULA to Penang;
*tox.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Fiji Islands. u
A shrub 8-10 ft. Leaves 2-5 by 4-1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, serrulate, attenuate-
acuminate, midrib softly hairy. .. .
AR. 1, euprista, Korths. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 113 (sp.) ; styles distinct. Griff.
Te. 604, f. 3. E. multiflora, DC. Lc. 25. E. serrata, Blume Fl. Jav. pref. vii E.
p Sustifolia, Wall. Cot. 1465 in Herb. Linn. Soc. Ë. acuminata, Royle Ill. 127, t. 25.
- salicifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118. ? E. chinensis, Hook. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind.
ms m. Bot. ii. 118 (sp.); styles united. E
SR. 2. Wallichian eud. in Blume Mus. Bot. n. sp-); sty OR.
lucida, Wall, Cat. 1405. ed favoiculate Ham. in Wall. Herb. 1462. E. acumi-
nata, Vall. Cat. 1464. E. bifaria, Wall. Cat. 3721? E. membranacea, Gardn. in Cale.
urn. Nat. Hist. vii, 444, E. japonica B acuminata, Thw. Enum. 41.

6. E, trichocar th. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 114; branches

cylindric pubescent ap tlie Kort Howers few together, peduncles 2-bracteo-

late, ovary densely silky, styles 3-5 united 3 of their length. E. trichogyna,

lume Mus, Bot. li. 114

Eastery Harara, Bhotan, Griffith; Knasia MTS., Grifith.—Drstrie. Amboyna.
silky. Leaves 3-41 by 3-1 in. narrowly elliptic, acuminate, serrulate, pubes-

ónt especially on the milril below; petioles 3 in. Sepals pubescent externally.

Glab 7. ACTINIDIA, Lindl. i '
adrous, strigose or tomentose shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves entire or
MR, usually membranous, feather-veined. Flowers polygamous or

986 XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Actinidia.

dicecious, in axillary cymes, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate,
subconnate at the base. Petals 5, somewhat contorted-imbricate. Stamens
many; anthers dehiscing by slits. Ovary many-celled; styles as nu-
merous, divergent and elongated after flowering. Fruit baccate, containing
raphides.—DistTRiB. Himalaya, China and Japan ; species about 8.

1. A. callosa, Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 439; glabrous, leaves broadly
elliptic setosely serrulate, sepals tomentose, fruit sparsely warted, A. Kolo-
mitka, Rupr. n Maxim. Amur. 63. Dillen. ord. callosa, Wall. Cat. 6634.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Garwhal to Bhotan, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Kuasia Mrs., alt.
4-5000 ft.—Distris. Manchuria, Japan, Loochoo Islands. .

A shrubby climber; stems brown with white verrucule. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3} m.
membranous, acuminate ; petioles 1-1} in. Flowers Y in. diam. in small lax umbellate
cymes, white. Pedicels with an obsolete bract below the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse.
Styles clavate. Fruit 3 in., ovoid.

2. A. strigosa, Hook. f. £ Thoms, in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 55 ; strigose-
hispid, leaves ovate or oblong callously ciliate or denticulate, sepals nearly
smooth. i

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 6-8000 ft., J. D. H. .

A shrubby climber with the habit of A. callosa. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., acuminate ;
petioles about 1 in. Peduncles short, 2-4-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam., shortly pedi-
celied, white. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. rut
- 1 in, ovoid, mucilaginous, edible.

8. SAURAUJA, Willd.

Trees or shrubs. Branches usually brown with whitish tubercular dots,
at first as well as the leaves more or less strigose-pilose or scaly. Leaves
approximate at the ends of the branches, usually serrate, with parallel vems
diverging from the midrib. /nflorescence lateral, often from the axils 0
fallen leaves, cymose, subpaniculate, rarely few-flowered. _Bracts usu y
small, remote from the calyx. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5,
strongly imbricate, Petals 5, usually connate at the base. Stamens many ;
anthers dehiscing by pores. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles as many, distinct oF
connate; ovules many. Fruit baccate, rarely dry and subdehiscent.—
- DıstRIB. Tropical and subtropical Asia and America. Species about 60.

* Flowers in axillary peduncled panicles, Styles 5.

1. S. napaulensis, DC. Món. Ternstr. 29 ; panicles 2-4 in, alternately
branched with a peduncle about 5 in., bracteoles deciduous elliptic acute,
sepals orbicular glabrous, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. ii. 40, 77, t. 178 ; Cat. 1469.
S. paniculata, Wall. in G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 567. Ternstroemia racemosa,
Don Prodr. 225. Zanthoxylum Serra, 7'urcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 440.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Garwhal, alt.

2400-5000 ft.; KnasiA Mrs., alt. 5000 ft.; Misnwi minis, Griffith. ered
A moderate sized tree ; youngest branches, petioles, midribs and peduncles prd
with scurfy tomentum, mixed with brown, deciduous, acuminate scales. Deae gly ot

stro .

by 3—4 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, shortly acuminate, 1 in.
rate, nearly glabrous above, thinly ferruginous-tomentose beneath; petioles " p»
Flowers } in. diam., pink. Sepals fin. Petals at length recurved at the apex leaves.
green, mealy inside, edible, sweet. Seeds red-brown.— Varies with elliptic obtuse tea

2, S. Griffithii, Dyer; panicle 4-6 in. alternately branched vib
peduncle 6-8 in, bracteoles small oblong, sepals elliptic obtuse Ce
tomentose externally.

Saurauja.] XXIV. TERNSTRGMIACEJ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 287

Assam, Griffith. .

Covered ooh on the smooth upper surface of the leaves and old wood with dense
brown flocculent tomentum without scales. Leaves 8-10 by 4-5 in., broadly elliptic,
oblong, rounded at both ends, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, margin with remote
spinulose serratures ; petioles about 2 in. Sepals & in.

** Flowers in fascicles (the peduncle evanescent) of about 4 trichotomous
cymes from the axils of fallen leaves. Styles 5.

3. S. fasciculata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40, t. 148, Cat, 1468 ; cymes
1-3-flowered glabrous, bracteoles minute linear-deltoid.

EASTERN SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. .2-4000 ft.,
Griffith, &c. ;

A bush or small tree 20 ft. high, tomentose as in S. napaulensis, but the scales trun-
cate and torn, Leaves 7-10 by 2-3 in., narrow elliptic-olong, acute or rounded a d e

se, attenuate-acuminate, obtusely serrate, glabrous above, ferruginous tomen in.
eneath ; petioles 1—2 in. Cymes 2-3 in., branches red; bracteoles qe in. ^ wers ji .
diam., pedicelled, subcampanulate, white then pink. Sepals 3 in., ovate, obtuse.

4 S. punduana, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40, Cat. 1470 ; cymes many-
flowered scaly, bracteoles broadly ovate, flowers 2 in. diam. B, fascicula
var. abbreviata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 27.

Seen Himayava; alt. 3-5000 ft. ; Kuasia Mrs, alt. 2-4000 ft.; MISHMI HILLS
and Birma, Griffith. .

Habit of 5. P oiculata, but the scales mostly acute. Leaves 8-11 by 3-4 2 ar
minate; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 3 in., rarely solitary; bracteoles 45-1 in. Owe

TÉ diam, pink. Sepals 4-4 in., broadly ovate, rounded.— Varies with elliptic obtuse
eaves,

5. S. Roxburghii, Wall. Pl, As. Rar. ii. 40, Cat. 1467 ; cymes many-
flowered thinly tomentose, bracteoles deltoid acute, flowers + in. .
ernstreemia serrata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 40, not of Jack. HELT;
Suaer and Kuasa Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft.; Cuirracone, J. D. H. .T.;
‘A shrub i ] inute acute
A shrub or small tree, tomentose as in S. napaulensis, the sca es mind acute.
aves 6-14 by 2-5 in, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at both en s or sh ry aos 2r
Date, obtusely Serrate, smooth above, ferruginous-tomentose below ; petioles 1 uk
yes 1-3 in. ; bracteoles Jg in. Flowers subcampanulate. Petals white, p
Stamens about 90. Styles 5. Berries the size of a small pea.
how Flowers (except on the old wood) in fascicles of many simple or very
‘ortly peduncled pedicels. Styles 3 or 5.
6.

broadly
S. tristyla DC. Mém. Ternstr. 31, t. 7 ; leaves obovate or d
oblong, Wall Cox. 1466. S. leucophloia and Š. media, Korth, Verh, Nat.
Gesch, Bot. 125. Scapha Candollii and S. pinangiana, Chotsy Mem. .

ernstroemia pentapetala, Jack in Malay Mise. i. no. 5, 40. T. trilocu-

uS fox, ex Wall, Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40. T. bilocularis, Hox. Fl. Ind.

1.922, C eyera pentapetala, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 596. 4 Malacca

p EASTERN PENINSULA ; from Tenasserim, Helfer, to Penang, Sincapore, an acca,
wid b aingay.— DisrRIB. Moluccas, S. China.

-10 by 24-
or small tree; branches with grey unspotted bark. ens e ke hata
on minate, spinulose-serrate, glabrous on both sides vu » on old wood in
f the nerveg and the midrib beneath; petioles 4—1} in. wer: dhairy. Flowers
in cles of about twice 3-chotomous cymes. Pedivels 3 in., scaly and hairy.
2. diam, Se ;
distinct, rrves usually 3-lobed.

7. S. macrotricha, Kurz, ms. ; leaves very narrowly lanceolate,

1n, acu

988 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Saurauja.

BinMA at Durunja, alt. 1000 ft., Griffith; Yunan at Ponsee, J. Anderson.

A small tree, clothed except on the old wood with stiff setose hairs. Leaves 9-11
by 1-2} in, attenuate above and below, setosely serrate, more sparingly hairy on both
surfaces; petioles 3 in. Pedicels 1 in. or less, unequal. Flowers red. Sepals & in.,
elliptic, obtuse. Styles 5, connate below.

**** Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, sessile solitary or aggregate,
Styles 4.
8. S. cerea, Grif. ms. ; ovary densely hairy. Griff. Itin. Notes, 200.

Bnuoraw Himataya, at Murichom, alt. 3500 ft., Griffith.

A small tree. Leaves 7-10 by 4-5 in., cuneate-obovate, acute, setosely serrate, gla-
brous on both sides, veins below with distant setose scales; petioles 4 in., scaly.
Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals orbicular, densely scaly externally. Petals orbicular-
obovate, white with the base blood-red, waxy.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
S. srERcULIFOLIA, Griff. Itin. notes, 198, Bhotan.—Probably S. napaulensis.

S. rERRUGINEA, Griff. Itin. notes, 120, Bhotan. .,
S. MICRANTHA, Griff. Itin. notes, 71, Khasia.—Probably S. Hoxburghü.

9. STACH'YURUS, Sieb. & Zucc.

Glabrous shrubs or small trees. Leaves serrate, membranous. Flowers
small, in short lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts 2, connate at the base.
Sepals 4, strongly imbricate. Petals 4, free. Stamens 8 ; anthers dehiscing
by slits. Ovary 4-celled; style simple, stigma capitate-peltate ; ovules
many. Berry 4-celled. Cotyledons elliptic, radicle short,—D1sTRIB. 2 known
species, a Japanese and a Himalayan.

1. S. himalaicus, Mook. f. £ Thoms; Benth. in Journ, Linn. Soe. Y.
55; leaves shortly petioled attenuate-acuminate, berries subsessile subglobose.
Indeterm. Wall. Cat. 7417. .

EASTERN Temperate HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., J. D. H.;
Bhotan, Griffith.

A small-tree with straggling branches. Leaves 4-6 by 13-2 in., ovate, with
base, finely serrate, the veins strongly reticulated beneath ; petioles 4-4 in.
2-3 in. erect. Berries the size of a small pea.

with a rounded
Spikes

10. SCHIMA, Reinw.

Trees with papery evergreen leaves. Peduncles usually erect, ax teo-
solitary, or the uppermost shortly racemed. Flowers handsome, 2-brac the
late. Sepals 5, subequal. Petals 5, much larger, connate at the base, o
outermost concave and sub-cucullate. Stamens many, adnate to the bass at
the petals, Ovary 5- (rarely 4-6-) celled ; styles.simple or slightly lobed
the apex with broad spreading stigmas ; ovules 2-6 in each ce |, attac al
laterally, sub-pendulous. Capsule woody, depressed-globose, loculie ant
with a persistent axis. Seeds flat, kidney-shaped, dorsally winged, l ui
central, albumen scanty; cotyledons foliaceous, flat or crumpled, 9 “cite
bent ; radicle inferior, curved upwards.—DISTRIB. Tropical Asia. pe

about 7.
1. S. mollis, Dyer ; leaves quite entire with nearly simple lateral vems,

peduncles 1 iu. with minute white warts, fruit pubescent when gen
Gordonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 1458.

illary oF

Shima| XXIV. TERNSTR@MIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 289

Tavoy, Wallich. we
ranches brown with minute scattered white warts. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., elliptic,
tapering and acute at both ends, smooth on both surfaces with red veins ; petiole š in.,
pubescent. Peduncles thickened upwards. Sepals 4 in. long, with pubescent-ciliate
margins, glabrous externally,

2, S. Wallichii, Choisy in Zoll. Cat. 144; leaves entire or obscurely
crenate-serrate with forked lateral veins, flowers in a short terminal raceme,
peduncles 2-2 in. with minute white warts, fruit 2 in. diam. pubescent when
young, afterwards minutely warted. S. hypoglauca, Mig. Fl. Ned. I nd.
Suppl. i 484, Gordonia Wallichii, DC. Prodr. i 528; Wall Cat. 1455.
G. integrifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52. Q: Chilaunia, Ham. in Don Prodr.
225, G. sp. Grif. Notul. iv. 562, t. 600.

Eastern HIMALAYA, from Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., to
Bhotan, Griffith. Assam, Cuitracona, and the Kuasta Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft., Wallich,
€. Birma, Griffith.— Distris. Sumatra. .
A tree 80-100 ft., with rough or smooth, pale or brown bark. Leaves 6-7 by 2-3 in.,
elliptic-obloug. tapering or rounded below, acute or slightly acuminate, glabrous aud
reddish-veined above, reticulate and more or less pubescent beneath; petiole 4 in.,
pubescent, Peduneles rather slender; bracts } in., alternate, narrow obiong, retuse.
lowers 14—2 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals & in. long, with pubvscent-ciliate mar-

Sins, glabrous, or slightly pubescent outside. Petals pubescent outside at the base.

3. S. crenata, Korth. Verh. Nat, Gesch. Bot, 143, t. 29 ; leaves faintly cre-
nate-serrate, flowers in a loose terminal corymb, peduncles 15-2 in. smooth
Sender, fruit 1 in, diam. pubescent. Gordonia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 1456;

"f. Notul. iv. 563, G. oblata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 572. G. sp. Griff. l.c. 562.

Sn PENINSULA, from Tenasserim to Penang. Birma, Grigith—Disrais. Borneo,

A tree 30-60 ft. Branchlets compressed, pubescent. Leaves about 6 by 2 in., elliptic,
none at the base, acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces, rather leaden-coloured above;
Petiole 1 in. glabrous, Flowers 13 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals hardly 4 in.
base margins scarcely ciliate, glabrous externally. Petals pubescent externally at t »
sepals ot 4-5-lobed, peltate.—The Borneo and Sumatra specimens have ci liae
ie Pubescent externally. I agree, however, with Kurz (Jouru. As. Soc. eng. J 74
lar ) that they must be united with the Indian forms. S. Noronha has fewe

ger flowers and stouter peduncles.

late, S. khasiana, Dyer; leaves strongly serrate with nearly simple

wi ral veins, flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, peduncles 4 In. 8 b:
ith minute white warts, fruit 3 in. diam. rough. Gordonia superba,
K S&T homs. ms. (not of Gard. £ Champ.)

"Asia Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. )
suck tree with white bark. T Cr ih by 2-2} in., ovate, acute, glabrous on both
in aces, reticulate beneath ; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Flowers 24 in. diam. Sepa ils & in.
a N with pubescent-ciliate margins, pubescent externally. , Petals silky-pu

mally on the lower half.

ll. PYRENARIA, Blume.

Shrubs or t Flowers sub-

i WT trees. Leaves serrate, large and submembranous.
from fy axillary, erect or nodding Sepals usually b unequal, graduating
to the petals, Petals connate at the base.

n . Á

styla ous, mostly connate, adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary E celled ;
íi o free, or partially united ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached laters | y.

VOL, E Paceous, indehiscent. Seeds oblong, stout, wingless with a thi

990 XXIV. TERNSTROEMIACEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Pyrenaria.

i ; radicle
woody testa ; albumen 0; cotyledons large, crumpled or conduplicate ; radic!
inferior, inflexed.—DisTRIB. Malay Penins, & Ind. Arch. Species about 7.

* Leaves pubescent beneath.

1. P. acuminata, Planch. ex Choisy Mém. Ternstr. 84; bracts, and
sepals ovate acute. Ternstreemia? macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 3663 nm p oM
Linn. Soc. Gordonia (Camellia?) acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Herb. Kew.

Eastern PENINSULA, Malacca and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. late

Branches densely hairy. Leaves 8-12 by 24-4 in., oblanceolate, obscurely err an
shortly acuminate, glabrous above; petiole 1-3 in., pubescent. Flowers 14 T ae
shortly stalked. Bracts and sepals velvety externally. Petals round, silky ex ict el
putplish-brown within. Ovarysilky. ruit 14 by 1 in. when dry, pomaceous, Wr?
finally nearly glabrous.

** Leaves glabrous beneath.

2. P. eamellicflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 46 ; leaves
oblong or elliptic-oblong subacuminate crenato-serrulate.

PrEau, Kurz; MARTABAN, Brandis. . when

A small tree, 25-30 ft. high. Leaves 5-7 by 11-2 in., yellowish-green even the
dried; petiole § in. Flowers 3 in. aiam., white; bracteoles small and as we ee oid
sepals and petals silky externally. Ovary silky. Drupe about 1 in. long, ° ’
succulent, at first slightly pubescent, then pruinose. Seeds 2.

3. P. attenuata, Seem. in Linn. Trans. xxii. 340 ; leaves obovate Eois
late, flowers š in. diam. Freziera? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1451. Thea Choisy
var. assamica, Choisy Mém. Ternstr. 91. Thea assamica, aff. sp,

l.c. 68.

Tavoy, Gomez. hortly

Branches glabrous; buds silky. Leaves 6-7 by 24-3 in. obtuse or very 1 tals
acuminate; petiole jin. Flowers very shortly peduncled. Bracts, sepals, an Pow.
orbicular, pubescent externally. Ovary pubescent; styles united below, glabrous 4

4. P. barringtoniefolia, Seem, in Bonpl. vii. 49 ; leaves spate
strongly serrate, flowers 13 in. diam. Eusynaxis barringtonizfolia,
Notul, iv. 560, t. 603, f. 1, 2, 3.

Assam, Grifith; Garrow hills in Eastern BrNaar, Lobb. 21-31 in.

A shrub 6 ft., with glabrous branches and pubescent buds. Leaves 8-10 by? i" white,
tip romnded or truncate, cuspidate-acuminate; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellows ubes-
very shortly peduncled. racts, sepals, and petals orbicular, erose eren P ben
cent externally. Ovary silky, grooved ; styles distinct. Fruit ovoid, 14 in. ong
dry, longitudinally wrinkled, glabrous.

12. GORDONIA, Ellis.

Trees with evergreen entire or crenate leaves. Flowers usually handset
often subsessile, solitary in the axils of the leaves or collected at the e from
the branches, 2-4-bracteolate. Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduate o the
the bracts to the petals. Petals free or often slightly connate at the pe M"
innermost larger. Stamens 5-adelphous or all connate, adnate to t : igma;
Ovary 3-5- (rarely 6-) celled ; style single with a stout s reading reistent
ovules 4-8 in each cell. Capsule oblong, woody, loculicid with xin wine
axis. Seeds flat or compressed, prolonged upwards into an oblong

rarely obsolete) albumen 0; embryo mostly straight, oblique, T America
at or slightly crumpled cotyledons; radicle superior.—DISTRIE. N.
Tropical Asia, Malay Archipelago. Species about 10.

e,

Gordonia.) XXIV. TERNSTROMIACEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 291

1. G. excelsa, Blume, Bijd. ii. 130; leaves very shortly petioled
narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate more or less acuminate obscurely serrulate
usually coriaceous. (3. singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 1457 (in part). Antheeis-
chima excelsa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 138, t. 27. Dipterosperme sp.
Griff. Notul. iv. 564.

Buoran HIMALAYA, (var. 1), Griffith ; Eastern PENINSULA, Sincapore, G. Thomson;
Malacca, Maingay.—Disrrm. Java, Amboyna. .

Bark of young branches cracking transversely and scaling off. Leaves 4-10 by 11-3 in.,
tapering at both ends; midrib strong; veins faint; petiole 1 in. Peduncles 1-1 in.,
short, pubescent. Flowers 13-2 in. diam., pinkish, fragrant. Sepals and petals rather
fleshy, orbicular, silky-pubescent externally with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in.
ong. Valves flat on the back, more or less tapering upwards.

AR. 1. pubescens; buds and young shoots pubescent.
Var. 2. sincapuriana; buds and young shoots glabrous.

2. G. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1459 ; leaves shortly petioled narrowly elliptic
tapering at both ends, obtuse or obtusely acuminate crenate papery. G.
obtusifolia and G. parvifolia, Wight Ill. i. 99. Saurauja crenulata, Wight in

all. Cat. 1459 (not of DC.).

MouwrArNs of the WESTERN PENINSULA, from the Concan to the Pulney hills. CEYLoN ?
tail tree; young branches with grey striate persistent bark, at first compressed
buds silky. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in.; midrib strong ; petioles § in. Peduneles s ort,
pubescent, Flowers 13 in: diam., white. Sepals orbicular, silk y-pubescent externally ;

the membranous petals faintly so. Capsule 1 in. long, 5-angled, the valves deeply sul-
Cate above,

3. G. Maingayi Dyer ; leaves petioled oblanceolate tapering below
obtusely acuminate with, obscurely serrulate and slightly revolute edges
Subcoriaceous, margins of petals and sepals glabrous.

Matacca, Maingay. .

ranchlets numerous, slender. with grey and persistent bark ; buds silky. Leaves
3 by 1-12 in. ; petioles 3 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., subsessile. Sepals and petals orbi-
cular, retuse, silk y-pubescent externally, with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. long,
stained inside with purple; valves nearly flat on the back.—Closely allied to G. obtusa,
ut the subsessile flower-buds and flowers are smaller and the leaves stouter.

* G. zeylanica, Wight TIl. i. 99; leaves shortly petioled elliptic-
oblanceolate tapering at both ends with a minute retuse glandular point
entire rather coriaceous,

Certos ; forests of the Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft., Walker, &c. .
Bark of young branches persistent, smooth. Leaves 3-4 by 1-2 in. ; midrib strong ;
veins obsolete : petiole 4 in. Peduncles short, glabrous. Flowers 1} in. diam., w ie,
t pals orbicular, smooth retuse; margins ciliate. Petals slightly pubescent externally
wards the base. ; ;
AR, 1. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 40; young branches pilose, leaves narrow.

broader, elliptica, Thw. Lc. (excl. syn. Gardner); young branches smooth, leaves

bro, G. elliptica, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist, vii. 448 ; leaves sessile

ady elliptic rounded at both ends retuse at the apex entire slightly
Tlaceous,

Certon; Gard i
; ; ner, Newera Ellia, G. Thomson. _ wey
QA large tree, Branchlets. with the leaves crowded at their extremities; bark crack-

Wg across and len i i rface reticulate-veined ;

A" Ethwise. Leaves about 3 by 14 in, upper surface : ;

meg strongly marked below, channelled above. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., sessile, white.
r

bicular, emarginate, puberulous externally. Petals sesame puberulous

909 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Gordonia

Capsule 1-1} in. ; back of valves sulcate.— Th waites does not appear to have seen spe-
cimens of this plant, which differs from G. zeylanica in its sessile, more coriaceous
leaves with slightly revolute margins when dry, and its larger flowers.

6. G. speciosa, Thwaites Enum. 40; leaves sessile broadly elliptie
rounded and retuse at the apex entire coriaceous. Carria speciosa, Gard. m
Calc. Journ. Nat, Hist. vii. 7.

Creyton ; damp forests of the Central Province, rather uncommon, alt. 5000 ft. and
upwards, Gardner, &c. ..

A tree 40-50 ft. Branchlets with the leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark
grey, cracking longitudinally. Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 141-3 in., slightly revo
lute when dried; midrib strong, channelled above; veins obsolete. Flowers 2-4 m.
diam , subsessile, reddish-purple. Sepals and petals orbicular-oblong, obcordate ; sepals
smooth, margins ciliate; petals faintly silky externally towards the base. Ca
14 in. long; back of valves sulcate above.

GORDONIA ANOMALA, Spreng. Syst. iii. 126, is figured in Bot Reg. 349, ander the
name of Camellia axillaris, Roxb. nts., and is stated to have been introduced by Dr. Nox-
burgh into the Calcutta Botanic Garden from Pulo-Penang. I have seen, however, n
specimens except from S. China, whence it is probably not indigenous in Penang: :

13. CAMELLIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen, serrate, coriaceous or membranous.
Flowers axillary, solitary, or aggregated, sessile or shortly stalked, pem
handsome. Sepals 5-6, unequal, graduating from the bracts towards the
petals. Petals slightly coherent at tlie base. Stamens numerous, the outer-
most in many rows, slightly or almost wholly monadelphous, adherent to
the base of the petals ; the innermost, 5-12, free. Ovary 3-5-celled ; sty!es
free to the base, or more or less united ; ovules 4-5 in each cell, pend I
Capsule woody, usually short, loculicidal, Seeds mostly solitary in eat ery
wingless, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle sms
Superior. Drsrimn. Trop. and East, Asia and Malay Archipelago. Speci
about 14.

Sect. I. Thea, Linn. Flowers nodding, sepals persistent.
l. €. theifera, Grif. Notul, iv. 558, t, 601, f. i. & iii. ; Trans, Agric. Soe

; : -
Calc. v. (1838), t. C; leaves elliptic-oblong acute or cuspidate-acuminate "
berulous on the nerves beneath, peduncles 2—3-bracteate short, styles à
stamens glabrous, Thea chinensis, Linn.; Seem. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxll. t, m
T. assamica, Masters in Journ. Agric. & Hort. Soc. Ind. iii. (1844), 63. wall
Tea, Wall. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. iv. 48, t. 2. Camellia? Scottiana, - ans.
Cat. 3668, (see Journ. Linn. Soc, xiii, 328). Camelliz sp., Gry. Herb
Agric. & Hort. Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t. B. Eurya angustifolia, Miquel (n ^77
H ohenack. 483 (a cultivated form).

Urrrn Assam, Wallich; Cacnar (fide T. Anderson).—Duisrnis.. China. ;

A shrub, 3—6 ft. high. Brancllens rud buds m Leaves 4-8 by m »
tapering at either end, more or less serrate, membranous ; petiole $ in.
diam., white. Sepals orbicular, glabrous, with membranous ciliate edges.
obovate. Styles united for 3 their length. Capsule leathery, trigonous ;
2-seeded. Seeds 3 in. diam., nearly globose or obtusely angled, smooth, pale
Possibly the wild stock of the tea plant. The cultivated forms vary wit $
tracted habit, smaller, more obtuse and coriaceous leaves, and a pubescent ca Y% and
J. W. Bennett's Ceylon, 277, the Tea plant is alluded to and figured as having -
in that island by the Dutch. This, however, was not confirmed by the wri
any subsequent observer.

Camellia] XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer. 298

2. C. caudata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 36 ; leaves elliptic-oblong caudate-
acuminate sparsely puberulous beneath, peduncles imbricate-bracteate short,
stamens and styles Dairy. Wall. Cat. 978 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 559, t. 601, £ ii. ;
Trans, Agric, d: Hort, Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t. A.

ASIA Mrs. and Sitner, Wallich, &c.; Buoran HIMALAYA, Booth; Misuw: Hirs,
th.

an hets slender; buds silky. Leaves 3-4 by 3-1 in., serrate, membranous with a
strong midrib pubescent beneath; petiole ¿ in., pubescent. Flowers about 1 in. diam.,
white. Sepals ovate, silky externally. Petals obovate, puberulous externally. Capsule
š in. diam., trigonously-spherical, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

Secr. IT. Camellia proper. Flowers erect, sepals deciduous.

3. €. drupifera, Lour. Fl. Cochin. 411, ex Seem. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
XXL. 344; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong tapering below with a long
acuminate apex coriaceous, stamens glabrous, styles nearly free woolly at
the base. (C. Kissi, Wall. in As. Res. xiii. 429; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv. 48,
t. 2; Pl. As. Rar. iii. 36, t. 256. C. keina, Don Prodr. 924. C. mastersia,
Grif. Notul. iv. 539. C, simplicifolia, Grif. Notul. iv. 560, t. 604, f. ii. C. sym-
eifolia Griff. Itin. 40. C. caudata, Griff. Itin. 40 (not of Wall.). C. oleifolia,

- Cat. 976.

EASTERN HIMALAYA; alt. 3-7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith ;
AM and Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-8000 ft.; TENASSERIM and ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Helfer.
A shrub or small tree, with much divided slender branches, Branchlets slightly
Puberulent ; buds with loose scales, sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-4 by 1-14 in., serrulate
especially towards the apex, often slightly revolute; veins faint; petiole $ in. Flowers
1j in. diam , white, with the odour of cherry-laurel. Sepals orbicular, silky externally.
‘tals obovate, emarginate, scarcely hairy externally. Ovary woolly. Capsule nearly
I in. diam., at first pyriform and pubescent, ultimately depressed-globose and smooth.
9. 1-3.— C. Sasanqua, of China and Japan, has less acuminate leaves, obcordate or
lobed petals and connate styles.

b 4 C. lutescens, Dyer; leaves elliptic-oblong tapering or rounded
elow caudate-acuminate membranous, styles short, stigmas recurved, cap-
Sule drupaceous (when young only ?). 2.

Neu Hırs, high up on Laim-planj-thaya, Griff. Journ. p. 38, Kew Distrib. 777

A shrub with much divided pale grey branches and buds silky within, Leaves 2-31

M 1-1 in, closely serrate ; vidrib prominent below and pale; petiole 4 in. puberu-
ous, Owér8 1 in. diam., crowded towards the ends of t e branches, sessile, w ite,

then Yellowish, fragrant, Sepals orbicular, membranous, thinly pubescent internally.
trais obovate, smooth. Ovary with long silky hairs.

9. 0.1 sp. n.- a i rulous shoots and pubescent buds and
petioles. bea. Pie a fi with puberulous an at both ends, crenate serrate,
1 tuse acuminate, papery, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole š in. Flowers

In. diam, erect; the orbicular minutely mucronate sepals and obovate
Petals both pubescent externally ; styles 5, distinct, very short; ovary silky.

Movrmer, Lobb, alt. 3000 ft.; a single specimen..

i have no means of identifying the plant found by Griffith on the Mishmi moun-
* (Journ. 38 and 45), and called by him Camellia azillaris. |

14. ARCH Y TIEA, Martius.

Leaves ever. i i . Flow n à lateral com-
green, semiamplexicaul, smooth. ` ers o à
Pressed peduncle, 3 or more together, rarely solitary Bracs subfoliaceous..

994 xxiv. TERNSTRCMIACEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Archytea.

Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens numerous, 5-adelphous ; anthers versa-
tile. Ovary 5-celled ; styles distinct or wholly united ; ovules numeron
in many imbricating rows. Capsule acuminate, septicidal from be om
with a persistent central axis. Seeds linear-subcylindric, albumen scanty,
—Disrris. Trop. Amer. and Indian Archipelago. Species 3.

1. A. Vahlii, Choisy Mém. Ternstr. 73. Hypericum alternifolium,
Vahl Symb, ii. t. 42; DC. Prodr. i. 545; Wall. Cat. 4806. Ploiarium elegans,
Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 135, t. 25.

EASTERN PENINSsULA; Malacca, Griffith; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Jack.—
Disrris. Borneo. bl

A shrub or small tree. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, narrow o an-
ceolate, acute; margins and midrib red. Flowers 1 in. long, pink. Styles 4 1n. tong,
distinct.

A plant of which I have seen only specimens in fruit, collected by Maingay at mE
and described below, is probably the type of a new Ternstrcemiaceous genus-- ia
alternate, 2-3 by 1-14 in, elliptic, acute, coriaceous, with close patent latera ions.
petiole 1 in. Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, forming a terminal pan id
peduncle š in. long, thickened upwards. Sepals 5, imbricate. Immature Fruit ovoid,
apiculate, drupaceous, containing 2 1-seeded cells.

Order XXV. DIPTEROCARPEZE. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer)

Resinous trees, rarely climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, quite
entire, rarely sinuate-crenate, with parallel lateral nerves; stipules usu y
small and deciduous, or inconspicuous, sometimes larger and persistent, x
fugitive, leaving an annular scar. Flowers usually sweet-scented in few-
many-flowered axillary and terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts usn 4
minute or 0, rarely larger and persistent. Calyx-tube free and campan ws
or very short and adnate to the base of the ovary. Petals contorted, conna
at the base or free. Stamens co, 15, 10 or 5, hypogynous or subperigyneny
free, connate, or adnate to the petals, filaments short, often dilated a tive
base; anthers 2-celled, the outer valves sometimes larger, connec M
often arlstate or with an obtuse appendage. Ovary slightly immersed we of
torus, usually 3- rarely 2- or 1-celled ; style subulate or fleshy, enon
with 3 minute stigmatic lobes ; ovules anatropous, z in each cell, pen " ut-
or laterally affixed (solitary and erect in Ancistrocladus). Fruit usua^y
like, sometimes capsular and 3-valved, 1- rarely 2-seeded, accompanien
the variously accrescent calyx of which two or more lobes are usually deve ;
into linear wings. Seed exalbumous (albumen fleshy and ruminate os
Ancistrocladus) ; cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal, straight or more lude
plaited and crumpled ; radicle directed towards the hilum, usually incu’

etween the cotyledons.—Disrrie, Confined (except 3 Tropical
species) to Tropical Eastern Asia ; genera about 13, species about 170.

* Calyx much enlarged in fruit, segments erect.

Calyx in fruit with a distinct tube.
Fruit free . PPM
Fruit adnate to the calyx.

An jhe calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens 5-10, ovary. 1- 2. ANCISTROCLADUS.

Two calyx-lobes enlarged. ` Stamens co ; ovary B-celled . . 3. AxisOFTERA.

1. DiPTEROCARPUS

to

XXV. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 95
Calyx in fruit with an obscure tube.
4Estivation of the calyx subvalvate; stamens 15 . . . . 4. VATICA.
Aistivation of the calyx imbricate.
Three or all the calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15-0,

subulate cuspidate . E'S) : (0) 19 07
Two calyx-segments enlarged; stamens 10-15, subulate-
cuspidate 2...) . . . . . . . 66. Horza.
Two calyx-segments enlarged; stamens 15, with an obtuse
appendage . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 7. DONA
** Calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit, segments reflexed.
Stamens 15—o5 + + + + + + on |. 8. VATERIA.
Stamens 5 s. + + . 9. MoNoPORANDRA.

l DIPTEROCARPUS, Gertn. f.

Lofty trees, stellately pubescent or more or less clothed with fascicled
s. Leaves coriaceous, entire or sinuate-crenate, lateral nerves not quite
"Pposite, connected by marginal loops and transverse reticulations ; petiole
"sualy more or less tumid at the apex ; stipules large, valvate, enclosing
the termina] bud, finally caducous leaving an annular scar. Flowers large,
Tacemed, white or reddish. Cal ya-tube free. Petals usually pubescent ex-
ternally especially on the outer margin. Stamens © ; anthers linear, equi-
valved, acuminate, Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform ; ovules 2 in each cell,
rut nut-like, 1- rarely 2-seeded, inclosed in the accrescent calyx-tube,
ree; wings 2, erect. Seed adnate to the base of the pericarp ; cotyledons

"ge, thick, unequal ; radicle inconspicuous,—DisTRIB. Tropical E. Asia ;
Species about 50.

* Calyz-tube in fruit without ribs or wings.
t Young branches glabrous or canescent.

l. D. turbinatus, Gertn. f. Fruct. ii. 51, t. 188; leaves ovate or
broadly lanceolate entire or muito ercmate acute base rounded, fruit-wings
š by l In. linear-oblanceolate obtuse 3-nerved. Ham. in Mem. Wern. oon
v 300; Roxb. Fl Ind. ii, 612 ; Corom. Pl. iii. 10, t. 213; Wall. Cat. 952 5
B DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 607. D. levis, Ham. Lc. 299; A. DC. le. D. indicus,

edd. Forest Rep. 1864-5, 17 with tab. f
oc ASTERN BENGAL and EASTERN Peninsuta, from Chittagong and Pegu to Sincapore.
(Concan and Ceylon cult. ?) h surfaces or
di oung branches compressed. Leaves 5-12 by 24-7 in.; glabrous on both surfa sor

ghtly pubescent, especially on the nerves and margins, lateral nerves 14-18 pa `
puole 14-3 iu.; stipules with dense stellate canescence, pubescent towards KW npo,
in gemes 3-5-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx-tube obconic, hoary-pu dco ^at d
P fruit 1 in. diam., sub-spheroidal, mouth contracted, unenlarged lobes deltoid-ovate.
“als p inkish-white. Nut pubescent.—The Gurjun oil tree.—Kanyin.

2 D. vestitus, Wall, Cat. 954 ; leaves elliptic obtuse at both ends,

Margins sinuate-crenate and ciliate.
Tavor, Gomez. bescent our
vies branches compressed, clothed in every part except the glabescent upper sur-
faces of the leaves with stellate canescence. 7 eaves 7 by 5 in., margins undulate,

eral nerves 15 pairs; petiole 14 in. Racemes about 6-flowered. Calyx-tube obtusely
me; lobes short, broadly deltoid, obtuse.—I have seen no fruit.

+t Young branches more or less hairy. !
3. D, obtusifolius, Zeysm, in Mig. Ann. Mus. L 214; leaves broadly

208 xxv. DIPTEROCARPES. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus

ovate obtuse sinuate-crenate, base rounded, fruit-wings 5 by 1 in. linear-
oblanceolate 1- or sub-3-nerved. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608.

Movutmery and Raxaoox, Griffith, &c.; ascending 3000 ft., Brandis.—Distrie. p

The compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 5
by 4-54 in., glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, margins undulate sometime
ciliate, lateral nerves 12-14 pairs ; petioles 1-14 in. Calyx tube in fruit 14 in. ed
depressed spheroidal, mouth contracted, sparsely hispid, at length glabrous, unen ON
lobes cordiform. Nut silkily pubescent.—Enznu. Kan.—In Indian specimens | nt
gins of the leaves are smooth, in those from Siam, their upper surface is g pon
A plant collected in Pegu by Kurz differs iu the stiffly-tomentose young parts, su
leaves, and acute fruit-wings.

4. D. hispidus, Thwaites Enum. 33; leaves broadly ellipticobons
shortly acuminate base slightly cordate sinuate-crenate, fruit-wings ding
1: in. linear-obovate obtuse, principal nerve with 3-4 strong ascen
branches. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608.

Cryton; Saffragam District and Ratnapoora. . . . the under

Young branches, stipules, petioles and the prominent reticulations on 5.12 by
surface of the leaves clothed with spreading rufous fascicled hairs. Leaves Caluz-
34-7 inch. (25 by 11 on young trees), lateral nerves 15-24 pairs ; petiole 1— pin, \
tube obconic, densely pubescent, in fruit ovoid, obscurely 5-angled, Clabes i ngus,
striate, glabrescent.—D. oblongifolius, Thw. Enum. 33 (not of Blume). Ð. ars to
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608, is said by Thwaites to have smaller leaves, but appe
me in other respects indistinguishable.

5. D. pilosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 615 ; leaves ellipee.
oblong very shortly aeuminate base acute or rounded marg et y
fascicled cilia, fruit-wings 6-84 by 13-12 in. linear-oblong i Kort
strongly 3-nerved glabrous. 4. DO. Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. D. Baudi, ii 65;
Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 59, t. 5; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1870,
A. DC. Prodr, l.c. 609.

. -18b
Compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves $ pale A
3-12 in. glabrons above, sparingly hairy on the reticulations beneath, af Jabrous,
24 pairs; petiole 14-3 in. Calya-tube in fruit 2 in. long, ovoid or obovoi E ssam
mouth not contracted, unenlarged lobes orbicular. Nut densely pubesc um tic, acute;
plant collected by G. Mann has identical fruits but leaves 7 by 4 in. ep"
vase rounded, minutely tawny-pubescent beneath.

. : ightl

6. D. crinitus, Dyer; leaves obovate acute margins, entire Sigs
recurved when dried fringed with short fascicled hairs,
(immature) 3} in. linear deltoid obtuse or acute 3-nerve

Matacca, Maingay.—Disrris. Borneo. s and

Young branches. petioles, prominent nerves on the under surface of th ° ons thinly
pedicels clothed with long fascicled hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 2-31 1n., co les glabrous
airy above especially on the midrib, lateral nerves 15-18 pairs; er cemes about
except a few fascicled hairs on the dorsal nerve; petiole 14-14 in. tracte
6-tlowered. —Calyz-tube obconic, glaucous, obovoid in immature fruit, con
the mouth, glabrous, unenlarged lobes broadly elliptic.

** Calyx-tube in fruit 5-angled or winged,
t Angles confined to the upper portion of the calyx-tube.

or tip
7. D. cornutus, Dyer; leaves oblong rounded at both ends

i c C . abov
apiculate sinuate-crenate, calyx-tube in fruit tubercular-pentago”
mouth contracted,

i - 9
Dipterocarpus.) xxv. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 297

Maracca, Maingay. .

Young branches compressed, canescent. Leaves 10-13 by 4-8 in., glabrous above,
canescent beneath, lateral nerves 19 pairs with a persistent intermediate plication ; pet n
2 in. ; stipules 4-6 in., canescent with scattered fascicled hairs. Racemes 4 6n i ple,
about 8-flowered. Calya-tube in fruit 2 in. long, glabrous, wings linear-spathulate.

8. D. tuberculatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii. 614 ; leaves cordiform ponte
e cordate or truncate margins sinuate-crenate undulate, calyx-tu ° 2]
Tuit pentangular-costate in its upper part, mouth contracted. D orandi
rodr. xvi. 2, 614, D. cordatus, Wall. Cat. 956; A. DC. Le, 612. D. gr
folius, Teysm. in M. iq. Ann. Mus. i. 214. f ,
Cürrracona, Roxburgh ; Ranaoon, McClelland ; Birmah, Wallich- Disten. Siam.
'onng branches compressed, glabrous or canescent. Leaves 10-18 by imple or 2-5d
ta’ nerves 15 pairs ; petiole 4—5 in. ; stipules 3-5 in. Racemes 5-6 rus tin wings
Ai dovered. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Caly tube in fruit 14 by ”
-ő by 14-1} in., linear-elli tic, obtuse, 3-nerved.—Enben. .
Tar grandflora, Wall. Cat. 957 (sp.), every part canescent, racemes 8 in. 9-flowered.
—Attran, T i
I could not agree with Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 64, but corrected m
egensb. Flora, 1872, 189), that the foliage of D. cordatus, Wall. (not or be in fruit
cited) is identical with that of D. obtusifolius. Miquel describes the calyx-tube
as "exalatus;" it does not appear however that he ever saw it mature.

tH Angles or wings prolonged to the base of the calya-tube or nearly so.
a, Angles costate,

9. D. zeylanicus, Thwaites Enum. 33 ; leaves elliptic or ovate: oblong
slightly apiculate base rounded margins faintly crenate, calyx-tube in
urceolate, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 610.

Cerro, ascendin to 3000 feet. : -22 pairs ;

‘oung branches, compressed, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 4 in., lateral nerveg 1i Pood.
petiole 14-2 in. [Racemes 2-fid near the base, 6-12-flowered. Thw.] ; ‘ta Foe
red with pale yellowish margins. | Calya-tube in fruit 1 in. long; wings 5-74 in.,

. ' Jut densel
oblong, obtuse, sub-3 nerved unenlarged lobes 2—1 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse. Nut densely
Cànescent. ;

B. Angles winged.

: . -ovate
10. p. scaber, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 300 ; leaves oblong fruit
aute base slightly cordate, racemes 4-9-flowered, ca b alatus, A. DC.
ovoid pilose angles with narrow membranous wings. D. d .
I 7 XV. 2, 611 in part, not of Roxb, J
art’ BENGAL; Mountains in Southern Tippera, Hamilton. es about
l lothed with brown fascicled hairs ; young branches subcompressed. lys tube in
frd š M., pilose on both surfaces, lateral nerves 12 pairs; e e i tuse.
ut $ in, pilose, mouth contracted, fruit-wings 3 in., linear oblong

ll. D. glandulosus, Thwaites Enum. 34; leaves oblon g lanceolate
acuminate base acute margins slightly ciliate, racemes 2-3-flow uh wings
rortly pedicelled (calyx-tube in fruit subglobose the L Thw). A. DC.

Toadest in the middle but not reaching to the pedicel. “

He Xvi. 2, 612.

EYLON ; Saffracam a districts, Thwaites. t and
ma subcompressed youre nic dier and stipules stellately puberulent and

inly hairy Leaves 4-6 b 2-21 in. glabrous above, poddergo by gin. Thw.]
[ix nerves 11 pairs; petiole 2-1 in. ’ [Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) y

als about 12 in. long, yellow,

998 xxv. DIPTEROCARPEJE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus.

12. D. scabridus, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate
base rounded margins ciliate, calyx-tube in fruit subglobose with distant
stellate hairs angles with undulate wings } in. wide reaching to the pedic
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612,

Cryton; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. eau. d hairs

Young branches, petioles, and the under surface of the midrib with appresso yin
Leaves about 7 by 22-3 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath except on the Dim.
and nerves, lateral nerves 12-15 pairs; petiole 2 in. Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4 by
linear-lanceolate, obtuse.

13. D. alatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves ovate or
elliptic acute, calyx-tube in fruit globose angles with wings $ 1n. m P
Wall. Cat. 953; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part. D. costatus, Ge me
Fruct, iii. 50, t. 187 (bad). D. gonopterus, Z'urcz. in Mose. Bull. 1863, ;
A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 619, Oleoxylon balsamiferum, Wall. Cat. p. 157.

Cuirracone, BIRMA, TENASSERIM, ANDAMAN Isianps.—DIstTRIB. Siam. ote or

Young branches compressed, pubescent. Leaves 54 by 3 in., shining above, m m
less pubescent beneath, margins ciliate, lateral nerves 15 pairs ; petiole 1i t 1 in.
pubescent-hairy ; stipules pilose. acemes about 7-flowered. Calye tube ve obtuse,
diam., smooth, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4-5 by 1 in., linear-ovate or spathula ° ovnby
3-nerved, unenlarged lobes orbicular—Kanyin.—Geertner’s figure 1s bad as " 8 e Dedi
Hamilton's specimens in the Banksian Herbarium, from which it appears to ha T have
drawn; his specific name suits the drawing, but is inapplicable to the species.
therefore adopted Roxburgh's.

14. D. incanus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves ovate
obtuse. W. A. Prodr. 84; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 611.

Cuittacone, Roxburgh; Peau, Kurz. . 6 by 4
Young parts and compressed branches softly hairy-pubescent. Leaves besos
in., thinly pubescent on both surfaces, margins ciliate, lateral nerves 12 pairs, p

l
beneath ; petiole 2 in., softly pubescent. Calyz-tube (in flower) softly pubescent, strong'y
winged.

15. D. insignis, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves ovate apiculate base Oe
flowers subsessile, calyx-tube in fruit narrowly ovoid, angles ) with one
4 in. wide mouth scarcely contracted, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes)
principal nerve. A, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612.

CrvLow ; Saffragam district, Thwaites. -3in

Young bran. hes densely pubescent titimately glabrescent. Leaves 46 rena
glabrous above, pubescent or glabrous on the nerves beneath, margins sversely rugose,
lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole 4—2 in., silky-pubescent, finally pre ner reddish
liacemes 3-5 flowered, Plowerslarge. Petals 24 in. long, yellow on the in fruit wings
on the outer margin. Calyx-tube in fruit about 1 in. long; immature
(calyx-lobes) 22-2 in., linear-oblong, obtuse.

«as te or
16. D. pterygocalyx, Scheff. Obs, Phyt. ii. 35 ; leaves ellipse * ube in
oblong-ovate shortly and abruptly acuminate base truncate, © Y ntrac
fruit ovoid angles with wings nearly } in. wide mouth slightly c
fruit wings (calyx-lobes) sub-3-nerved central nerve prominent.
Maracca, Maingay.—Distris. Banca. 5 in»
Young branches su compressed with deciduous canescence. Leaves 4-10 by 5 out
glabrous on both surfaces, margins sinuate-crenate and undulate, latera acemes about
18 pairs, rather remote; petiole 2-3 in.; stipules pale, glabrous. 14-2 in, Ë
5-flowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2 in. long, glabrous; fruit-wings 7 by i
oblong, obtuse, unenlarged lobes broadly ovate or orbicular.

Dipterocarpus.| xxv. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 299

17. D. Griffithii, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 213 ; leaves ovate acute base
rounded, calyx-tube in fruit oblong ovoid angles with wings fully š in.
wide mouth uncontracted, fruit-wings with 3 parallel approximate nerves.
4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2,612. D. grandiflorus, Grif. Notul. iv. 515, not of Wall.

Mercor, Grifith; Soura Anpaman IstAND, Kurz. .

Young branches subcompressed, canescent. Leaves 6 by 4 in., glabrous on both sur-

, lateral nerves about 13 pairs; petiole 2—24 in.,; stipules canescent. Racemes
3-Hlowered. Calyx-tube in fruit 2-3 in. long; fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 54-6 by
1-12 in, linear-spathulate, obtuse, sparingly reticulate, une:larged lobes broadly del-
toid.—Distinguished from D. pterygocalyx by the distinctly 3-nerved calyx-wings, and
the unenlarged calyx-lobes not being contracted at the base. D. Motleyanus, Hook. f.,

m Borneo, is closely allied.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

D. axcustironius, W. & A. Prodr. 84; D. costatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 613 (not of
Gertn.).—Chittagong.

2. ANCISTROCLADUS, Wall.

Smooth climbing shrubs with short supra-axillary often arrested and
“reinately hooked branches, Leaves usually in terminal tufts, coriaceous,
entire, reticulately feather-veined ; stipules small, caducous or incon-
Spicuous, Flowers usually small, very caducous, in terminal or lateral
panicles. Calyx-tube at first very short, adnate to the base of the ovary
with imbricate lobes, finally turbinate and adnate to the fruit with the lobes
unequally enlarged, spreading and membranous. Stamens 5 or 10, subpe-
ngynous, Ovary l-celled, inferior ; styles 3, articulated to a rounded or
shortly cylindrical epigynous disk ; ovule solitary, erect or laterally affixed.
“ed subglobose, testa prolonged into the ruminations of the copious fleshy

umen ; embryo short, straight ; cotyledons short, divergent.—DIsTRIB.
Indices A. guineensis in W. Tropical Africa confined to Tropical Asia and the
n Archipelago, Species about 10.

*
Leaves less than 4 times as long as wide,
t Stamens 5.

la Vahlii, Arn. i iii L 325. Thw.in Trans.
inn. w 211, Arn. in Nov, Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt. i. 325. 4
linn, Soc. xxi. 233, t. 24. Wormia hamata, Vahl in Serift. Nat. Selsk.
Jobenk, 6, 105.
ÜEYLON ; Central i
N; and Southern part, ascending to 2000 ft. . .
a ease 4 by 1-1} in., sessile, cuneate-oblancevlate, obtuse. Panicle about twice 2-
peas mous; divisions slender, Calya-tube finally 4 in. long, exceeding the fruit, o onic,
gular; enlarged lobes 1 in. long, oblong obtuse, obscurely parallel-nerved.

tt Stamens 10,

2. A. extensus, Wall. Ca 52 (1): panicle repeatedly 2-chotomous,
fvisions divaricate recurved, A alyx tubo equalling the flat-topped fruit not
wed, lobes slightly decurrent. Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. xM.
Peay cistrolobus sp., Griff. Notul. iv. 568 ; Ic. t. 605, fig. ii.
and TENASSERIM, Wallich, Helfer, &c.

ves 5-12 by 2-34 i ; ute, narrowed below.
Bracts Y 2-34 in., sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse or acute, 7
parallel nerie ute. Calyz-lobes là in. long, cuneate-obovate with about 3 su

3.
lys d cYneanus, Wall. Cat. 7262 ; panicle about twice 2-chotomous,

it, lubes not
dec rowed exceeded by the conical apex of the fruit,
"ent 'ght Ic. 1987-88 ; À . DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602.

300 xxv. DIPTEROCARPEÆ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Ancistrocladus.

Western PreNiNsULA ; from the Concan to Travancor. I ad

Leaves 6-11 by 2-3 in., sessile, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rather abruptly narama
below, lateral veins remote and inconspicuons with loose reticulations between. ntar]
calyx-lobes in fruit 14 in., spathulate, with numerous subparallel nervules.

4. A. pinangianus, Wail. Cat. 1054 ; panicle repeatedly 2-chotomers
divisions slender, calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex o be
fruit lobes decurrent. Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318; A.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 603.

' Penana, Porter; Matacca, Maingay.—Disrri. Banca. i i
Leaves 5-11 by 2-34 in., sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse, rather abruptis wiwa
low, upper surface faintly reticulate. Bracts lanceolate. — Calyz-lobes

cuneate, obtuse, sparingly nerved.

** Leaves more than 4 times as long as wide.

5. A. Wallichii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 319 ; panicle t
minal or on short slender lateral branchlets 2-3-times 2-chotomous, sr
solitary ovate acute denticulate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. A. C » 603.
in part Wall. Cat. 1052 (2). A. stelligerus, Wall. Cat. 1053 ; A. DC. AT

Peau and Tenassertm, Wallich, &c. Sirnet, Da Silva. Currracono, my ie or

Branches tortuous. Leaves 9-12 by 11-14 and 10-13 by 2-3 in., sessile, le base,
linear-elliptic, obtusely acuminate or acute, gradually narrowed to the subauric calyz-
lateral veins remote, midrib prominent beneath. Panicle about 3 in. long. Enron mis-
lobes in fruit subequal, about 4 in. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse, spreading.—P anc m
took the lateral branchlets in imperfect specimens for peduncles. To this spe
refer foliage specimens collected by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in Chittagong.

m . icle ter-
6. A. Griffithii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318 ; panide
minal repeatedly 2-chotomous divisions ascending slender flexuous,
in pairs linear acute.
Tenasserim, Grifith, Helfer. i
Branches tortuous. prit 7-9 by 1-14 in, linear-obovate, obtusely E
tapering below into a flat petiole about iin.long. Panicle about 7 1n. long.

nate,

! ous
7. A. attenuatus, Dyer; panicle terminal repeatedly a-chotom

with stout divaricate divisions the ultimate ones recurved, bracts 8° !
deltoid acute.

`

Tenasserm and ANDAMAN Istanps, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 724). , midrib pr?

Leaves 12-15 by 14-12 in., cuneate-linear, sessile, gradually acuminate, ed, 2 lo
minent, lateral nerves remote and inconspicuous. Calyx-tube in fruit furrow
enlarged, š in. long, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, the rest half as long.

A. sacirrarus, Wall. Cat. 1055, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 603, is a Tetramerista.

3. ANISOPTERA, Korth.

. reti;
Resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather-veined and finely ial
culate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. Flowers in ax segments
panicles. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary; subulaté
imbricate, then subvalvate. Stamens o» ; anthers ovoid with a lone" fleshy;
connective, outer valves larger. Ovary 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled LPS A cell
ovoid or oblong, with an attenuate 3-5-fid apex ; ovules 2 od y the
Capsule adnate to the calyx-tube, indehiscent, 1-seeded, cro dil flesbys
accrescent calyx-segments, of which 2 form linear wings. Coty

Anisoptera] XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 301

unequal ; radicle superior.—DisTRIB. Malay Peninsula, and Archipelago to
ew Guinea. Species about 5.

L. A. oblonga, Dyer.

Mercur, Griffith. ' :

Twigs with smooth pale bark, young parts sparingly furfuraceous with fascicled hairs.

raves 31-5 by 12-2 in., oblong, or oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, base rounded,

nning above, minutely impress-punctate beneath ; lateral nerves 18 pairs ; petiole lin.;
"ipues pubescent. Panicle about 5 in. long. Calyx-tube in fruit 4 in. long; wings
iin, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, with 3 oblique, parallel, unequally prominent nerves.

A GLABRA, Kurz ms. (a native of Birma) is only known to me from the fruit. The
mugs are 6 by 2 in., and the triple nerves are not oblique and are equally prominent.

4. VA TICA, Linn.

Small or moderate-sized resinous trees, eaves coriaceous, entire, feather-
ned and finely reticulate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous.

awers In axillary and terminal panicles, usually tomentose before ex-
Pansion, Calya-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; segments
Somewhat acute, imbricate then subvalvate. Stamens 15; anthers oblong,
“ternal valves larger, connective apiculate. Ovary 3-celled ; style short,
subulate or apex clavate or capitate, stigma entire or 3-toothed ; ovules 2 in
Capsule leathery, 3-valved (or indehiscent?), 1-2-seeded, supported
P acing accrescent calyx, two segments of which often expand into
ear wings, Cotyledons fleshy.—Disrris. Tropical Asia and Indian Archi-

9. Species about 25.

Spo, L Euvatica. Benth. £ Hook. Fruiting-calyx with 2 wing-like
Segments,

š V. Srandiflora, Dyer; leaves 5-8 in. long oblong or oblong-lanceolate

ortly acuminate base rounded lateral nerves 12-15 pairs, petiole 4 mn.
ode grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 958 ; A. DU. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. Synaptea

vrata, Grif. Notul. iv. 516, t. 585 A. f. 5, fide Kurz in Journ, As. Soc.
M 1870, ii. 65. & grandiflora, Kurz, Lc. Anisoptera odorata, Kurz in
wes. Flora, 1872, 190,

|. ABAN, TENASSERIM, and SiNcAPORE, Wallich, &c. ae
Paris parts densely furfuraceous with tawny fascicled hairs. Leaves 2-24 in, broad,
brown to 3-4 the length of the leaves. Calyx-segments oblong, acute. Let tate 3 lobe d
Pri, tnm externally in bud, pink. — Ovary tomentose; stigma capi i .

mings 21 by iin, linear-oblanceolate, abruptly contracted below, 5-nerved.

M ` faginea, Dyer ; leaves about 43 in. long elliptic-oblong subobtuse
fagi wering or rounded lateral nerves about 10 pairs, petiole š in. Hop

"M Wall. Cat. 963.

NASSERIM ; at Mer . .

; gui, Griffith, Helfer. :

A bush or small tree; the Mi m with pale tomentum. Leaves thie » broad,
blong.) ^X, 4-8 the length of the leaves, occasionally contracted. Ca hth pin "
op nceolate, obtuse. Petals tomentose externally in bud, blood-red. Tul 7
Ot sharps de linear-elliptic or -lanceolate, base more or lens ence dà facios án 1
i . a c
the small. : foliage shed from V. grandiflora except by the diffe

àv Sca inti x shortl
euni." Phula, Dyer - leaves 4-62 in. long elliptic-oblong ape -Y
Bopa ate or obtuse ‘base rounded lateral nerves about 16, petiole 4-1; in.
scaphula, Roxb, Hort, Beng. 93; Flor. Ind. ii. 611.

309 XXV. prPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vatiea.

CurrrAGoxaG coast at Mascal Island, Roxb.

A tree; twigs pale brown, glabrous, young parts with pale grey tomentum. Leaves
13-23 in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath, midrib prominent. Panicle
5 in.: pedicels à in. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyzx-segments with dense hairy tomentum.
Petals glabrescent externally, white.

4. V. Maingayi, Dyer; leaves about 31-5 in. long oblong or oblong-
obovate abruptly acuminate base rounded, lateral nerves 12 pairs, petiole
3-13 in.

Maracca, Maingay. .

Young parts with rusty furfuraceous tomentum. Leaves 11-2 in. broad. Panicles
rather dense, fully 3 shorter than the leaves. Calyx-segments obiong-lanceolate. Fruit-
wings 2 by } in. linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, scarcely contracted at the base.

5. V. Helferi, Dyer ; leaves 44-5} in. long oblong obtuse base cordate
under surface clothed with minute tomentose canescence lateral nerves
12 pairs, petiole $ in.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Helfer.

Young parts of inflorescence and pedicels with pale-brown soft puberulence. Leaves
21-3 in. broad, midrib and veins rather prominent beneath. Panicles about E ae pal
rui un-

minal, narrow. Calyx and petals in bud clothed with silky pubescence.
nown.

Secr IL Isauxis, Arn. Fruiting-calyx with equal segments.

6. V. lancesefolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31 ; young parts pulverulent
but soon glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base tapering pa er
beneath lateral nerves 15 pairs, ascending. A. DC. Prodr. xv. 2, 6
V. canaca, Ham. in Wall. Cat, 4405 B. Vateria lanceolaria, Roxb, `
Beng. 421 V. lanceæfolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 601; Wight Ill i. 88. V. lanceo-
lata, Roxb. (by error), W. & A. Prodr. 84; Wall. Cat. 4405. Retinodendron
lancezfolium, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 56. Seidlia lancezfolia, Kostel,
allg. med. pharm. Flora 1945 (ex DC. Prodr.). -

Eastern HIMALAYA and Eastern Benoat and Singer, Wallich; Khasia Mts
Assam and Bhotan, Griffith, &c. h

A middle-sized tree. Leaves 7-11 by 2-24 in.; petiole š in. Panicles $ the lenge
of the leaves. Flowers fragrant. Calyzx-segments ovate, acute. Petals $ in., cune
white. Ovary pubescent ; stigma clavate, 3-toothed. Capsule ovoid.

7. V. Roxburghiana, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31, t. 7 ; young parts ax

lepidote canescence, leaves lanceolate acute base rounded or retuse, la DC

nerves 10 pairs. Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 214; Thwaites Enum. 404; Prodr.

Prodr. xvi 2, 618. V. chinensis, Linn. ; Smith Ic. ined. t. 36 5 DC.

i 517. Vateria Roxburghiana, Wight Ill. i. 88; £c. t. 26.
WESTERN PENINSULA; from Canara sonthwards. Cryion, T'waites.
Leaves 443-83 by 14-3 in.; petiole 13-2 in. Panicles axillary, 3-3 the late

leaves. Calya-segments ovate-deltoid, acute, in fruit nearly j in long, lanceolate

(Stigma 6-dentate, Blume.) Capsule ovoid, ultimately globose, $-sulcate- ^ this

mentary specimen collected by Griffith at Mogoung, Birma, appears to belong

Species.

intic OT
8. V. pallida, Dyer; young parts hoary, leaves narrowly € ptic

linear-elliptic or oblanceolate cordate-acuminate base acute OF obtuse
lateral nerves about 9 ascending curved midrib prominent above.
Pevano, Maingay.

/ EL
A small tree, twigs slender, slightly flexuose, pale-barked. Leaves_5- 7 by E

Vatiea| ^ xxv. nrPTEROCARPEJ. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 803

olive-coloured, shining above, pale and opaque beneath; petiole 1 in, thickened.
Panicles 1-14 in., mostly axillary. Calyx-segments narrowly-deltoid, acute, at length
deflexed, pubescent. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pubes-
cent; style =z in., stigma capitate, lobulate. F'ruit unknown.—Notwithstanding the
deflexed calyx this species appears to find its most natural position here.

9. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 404; young parts nigrescent nearly
labrous, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate base rounded
teral nerves about 6 pairs ascending curved, midrib prominent above.
4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 619. Isauxis Roxburghiana, Thwaites Enum. 37, not
of Wight.

Crvuon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. ..

A large tree. Leaves 44-53 by 2-3 in., both surfaces glabrous, shining above, paler
neath ; petiole 1 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, j-4 the length of the leaves;
Pedicels and buds pubescent. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, in fruit ovate 3-nerved.

10. V. scabriuscula, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 9, 620; young parts with
Wny stellate pubescence, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate

obtuse lateral nerves about 25 pairs spreading the alternate ones
nter. Vateria (Stemonoporus) scabriuscula, Thwaites Enum. 404.

Certon; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites.

arge tree. Leaves 44-53 by 11-2 in. on young shoots 11 by 24 in., glabrous

above, scabrid beneath, midrib channelled above, very prominent beneath ; petiole

in. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, racemose ; bracts caducous, ovate, acute,

Palely tomentose. Anthers with a few scattered hairs. Style cylindric, slender, trun-

Cate—I have only seen immature flowers of this, but the anthers perfectly agree with
and are unlike those of Vateria.

— V. disticha, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620 ; young twigs with minute

Why appressed pubescence, leaves oblong strongly acuminate base
rounded, latera] nerves about 10 faint ascending. Vateria (Stemonoporus)
ticha, Thwuites E num, 404,

Certos ; at Hinidoon

arge tree,

lat nerves g]
axillary and ter
ciliate, the low
stamens appear

Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Tàwaites. i
Leaves 5 by 14-2 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, coriaceons,
ightìy. prominent, midrib channelled above ; petiole j in. Panicles
minal, imbricate-bracteate when young; bracts j in., distichous, rk
est with appressed fulvous pubescence, the uppermost glabrous. — e
to agree with Vaticu, and according to De Candolle.are apiculate.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CORDIFOLIA, Thw. Enum. 404 and 39 (Monoporandra). Foliage only
paves 5-7} by 2-4 in., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute, base oblique y cor-
l nerves about 7 pairs; petiole 1-2 in —Ceylon; Atakalan Corle, Thwaites.

ne? (Isauxis)

date, latera

5. SHOREA, Roxb.
Glabr

ous, mealy, or pubescent resinous trees, Leaves entire or subrepand,
ser veined, with the intermediate reticulations often inconspicuous ;
in axill; arge coriaceous and persistent, or minute and fugacious., owers
0. pow or terminal lax cymose panicles ; bracts persistent, ca ucous or
lanceolate T very short, adnate to the receptacle; segments oval e °
rarely |; $ imbricate, Stamens 15 or 20-100; anthers ovate oF o ° ng,
obtuse near ; connective subulate-cuspidate, rarely inappendiculate ; mE
3-celled rarely cuspidate, equal or the outer slightly larger. o
leathery. i, lls 2-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma entire or 3-toothed. aps k
ui cent (or 2-valved 1), usually 1-seeded, closely surrounde

504 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEE, (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Shorea.

by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments 3 or more rarely all of which
are developed into 10-veined linear wings. ^ Cotyledons fleshy, unequal,
usually inclosing the superior radicle. DisrTRIB.—lropical Asia and Indian
Archipelago ; species about 40.

Secr. I. Pentacme, A. DC. Anthers linear, valves cuspidate.

l. S. siamensis, Mig. An». Mus. Bot. i. 214; A. DC. Prodr. xvi.
2,631. Pentacme suavis, A. DC. Lc. 626. P. siamensis, K wre in Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870; 2, 66. Hopea (Shorea?) suava, Wall. Cat. 959.

MARTABAN, Wallich; 'ÜTExAssERIM, at Moulmein, Lobb; Peev, Kurz.—DIstris.
Siam. . sch bark

A shrub 10 ft., leafless during inflorescence; branchlets with smooth greyish bark.
Leaves 5-6 by 3-4 in., oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, base truncate -
cordate, glabrous above aud beneath, lateral nerves 15 pairs, scarcely prominent ;
petiole 1-13 in. Panicles 6-9 in., axillary and terminal, lax, branches divaricate i
pedicels } in. Flowers sweet-scented. Calyx-segments š in., ovate, acute, gla ere
margins ciliolate. Petals XY; in., pale citron-colour. Stamens 15, filaments very s iy
anthers £ in. long, lobes slightly unequal, connective with a subulate prolongation, * i
mately bent outwards. Style 5, in, filiform. Capsule indehiscent, ovoid; pe im.
dilated; bases of fruiting calyx-segments ovate, thickened, glabrous ; wings 3 t I
linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved.—Of Hopea suavis, Kurz, Andamans Report,
have only seen leaves. They do not belong to this species.

SECT. II. Anthers oblong, valves obtuse,
* Stamens 12-15.

2. S. stellata, Dyer; calyx-segments equally developed into wings OT
2 slightly shorter. Parashorea stellata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc, Deng.
1870, 2, 66.

Marranan, Brandis; Birma, Kurz. *eulate

A large glabrous tree. Leaves 4$ by 1} in., ovate or lanceolate, acute or apieu m :
Flowers in panicles of cymose racemes, white, Capsule $ in. long, obovoid, tawny
tomentose; wings 44 by $ in. linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to a very once
scurely dilated base # in. long, strongly 7-nerved, puberulous.—The subequal accrescere

> . . eric
of the sepals occurs also in S, robusta, and appears to me of no value as à gen
distinction.

** Stainens 15.
+ Flowers pedicelled.

3. S. floribunda, Kwrz, ms; leaves rather narrowly-oblong shorty
acuminate, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen bro
flowers rather crowded, ealyx-segments narrowly deltoid-ovate £2 opea
dark-coloured. S. robusta, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628 (not of Gaertn.) P
floribunda, Wall. Cat. 964, I

TENAssERIM, at Tavoy, Gomez. :

Glabrous; branchlets with pale brown bark. Leaves about 34 by 1-13 In. irs
mature at the time of flowering, base rounded ; lateral nerves about 15-20 pairs; P enit
j-$ in. Pedicels Y in. Flowers rather larger than in S. Talura. Calya $97 the
glabrous, ciliolate. Anthers with a very long seta.—Fruit unknown, but chee whi
next species are evidently closely allied. It has nothing to do with S. robusta,

A. De Candolle can have referred it only through some confusion of specimens.
sntic OF

4. S. Talura, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; leaves ellir Jien

oblong to ovate-elliptic, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils ©

Seres] xxv. nrPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 305

leaves lax, calyx segments deltoid linear glabrous not dark coloured.
S. laccifera, He ne p Wall. Cat. 967; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630. S. Rox.
burghii, Don Qen. Syst. i. 813. S. robusta, Roth. nov. sp. 221 (not of
Gern.) — Vatica laccifera, W. d: A. Prodr. 84 ; Wight. Ic. 164.

Wesrern PENINSULA: forests of Mysore and Malabar.

Glabrous, except the’ pubescent buds: branchlets with smooth pale brown bark.

aves 33-43 by 2-23 in., acute or retuse and mucronulate, base roun le or, emar
ginate, margins undulate, lateral nerves about 12-15 pairs; petiole 1— in. KT

in. Flowers 1 in. diam., pinkish white. Calya-segments glabrous, margi ena
Anthers with a long seta. Bases of fruiting calyx-segments 3 in. long, ;

Wings 3 by $ in., elliptic-linear, obtuse, with about 10 slender parallel nerves.—Yields
à kind of lac,

tt Flowers sessile or nearly so.

. ; . es oblong very
5. S. leprosula, Mic. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 487 ; leaves oblon;

shortly acuminate, panicles terminal or axillary, Orunehes small unilateral

racemose, calyx-segments ovate pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 631.

Matacca, Maingay. —Distris. Sumatra. t
oung parts and under surface of the leaves densely tawny-puberulous. Lat Dencath ;
4-5 by 11-2] in. shining above, lateral nerves about 14 pairs, prominen (Ovary
petiole 3 in. Panicle about 4in. lowers sessile. Anthers Cupia a obtuse.
i style filiform, stigma urceolate. Maingay.) (Fruit-wings spa
ig.

" - inate
6. S. Parvifolia, Dyer: leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate-acuminate,
Panicles terminal lax, flowers with deciduous bracts, calyx-segments ovate |
pubescent,

Maracca Maingay. .

Young parts hoary puberulous. Leaves 2-24 by 1-1} in., base roundo E S overs
beneath, latera] nerves about 15 pairs; petiole Pn Panicles about ‘(Petals ] in.
sessile, 4 or 5 together; bracts fully in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse. o stigma
ong. Anthers a iculate. Ovary pilose ; style slender, shorter than the ovary,
scarcely lobed, aingay.) Fruit unknown.

inate
7. S. acuminata Dyer ; leaves ovate to lanceolate strongly acuminate,
1 g X-
Panicles terminal lax, branches unilateral, bracts very fugacious, caly
“egments ovate pubescent,
Matacca Mainga
, . . mar-
. Ung parts tawny. uberulous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in., base rounded scarcely
Gat i brous on both surfaces, lateral nerves about 8 pa Le ote occa.
i petiole 3 in. Panicles about 6 in. long, with tufts of enl argod z adhere
y terminating the branches, Flowers sessile. (Petals d hort &liform style,
Y appendiculate, Ovary minutely pilose, tapering into the s
Maingay.) Fruit unknown.

-elliptic
ibo M bracteolata, Dyer ; leaves more or less narrowly oblong elipt ic
vith ly acuminate, panicles terminal lax, branches. flexuose,, fio
«Pair of bracts, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid pube .

MACCA, Maingay, both

oug parts glabrescent, Leaves 34-5] by 14-2} in., base rounded, on ‘on both
5-9 i 8, latera nerves 12-15 pairs, scarcely prominent; petio's i id Calya

m. long, Flowers subsessile N bracts 3 in. long, elliptic: ae puting aya

nt, Ë in. long, Stamens cuspidate. Stigma simple. , sated S Eryn. linear
Pubacute, Vis long, ovate with 3 gibbosities at the bottom; wings

VOL L barallel nerves. x

306 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEJ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shore.

* Stamens 20-0.

9. S. robusta, Gærtn. f. Fruct. iii. 48, t. 186; leaves ovate-oblong
acuminate base cordate glabrous lateral nerves about 12 pairs, panicles
terminal or axillary lax, stamens 50. — Aoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 615; Cor. Pl. WL
312; Wall. Cat. 965; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 4.
Vatica robusta, Steud. Nom. Ed. 2.

Troricat HIMALAYA, and along its base from Assam to the Sutlej. Eastern districts
of CENTRAL INDIA, Western BENGAL HILLS. an

A very large tree, but often ocewring in a stunted form. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 m.;
petiole 3-1 in.; stipules 4 in., falcate, pubescent. Panicles 5-9 in. long, clothed as
well as the flowers with pale velvety pubescence, branches unilateral, racemose.
Flowers subsessile. Petals about 4 in. long, pale yellow, tapering upwards, 12-13-
nerved. Anthers with a bearded appendage. Ovary pubescent ; stigma 3-denticulate.
fruiting-calyx with the segments sometimes subequal, bases 4 in., ovate, pubescent;
wings 24 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved.—The Sal tree; the wood is very generally use
in Bengal and it ranks next to teak; the resin-dammer is extensively used as a sub-
stitute for pitch.

10. S. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 966; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong obtuse
base obtuse or emarginate pubescent on the nerves and in their aX
beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 20-25.
Blume Mus, Bot. ii. 32, t, 8; A. DC. Prodr. xvi, 2, 629. S. leucobotrya,
Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.i. 215. Vatica obtusa, Steud. Nom. Ed. 2.

Manrasax, Wallich; Prov, M'Clelland, &c.; "TENAssERIM, at Moulmein, Helfer—
Distris. Siam. sol

Leaves 4-6 by 13-3 in., often unsymmetrical, glabrescent above, subrepand ; petiole
§-2in. Panicles 2-4 in. long, clothed as well as the flowers with hoary pubescence,
racemose. Flowers subsessile. Petals 4-4 in. long. Anthers with a bearded app
dage. Ovary pubescent. Bases of the segments of the fruiting-calyx } in. long, rate

shorter than the pubescent capsule, ovate-oblong, pubescent; wings 24 by 4 in. linear
oblanceolate, glabrescent, 9-nerved.

11. S. sericea, Dyer ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate Scabrors
beneath lateral nerves about 20 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens °>
anthers inappendiculate,

Maracca, Maingay. f the leaves
A very large dammer-producing tree (Maingay) ; oung parts, nerves of the le
beneath and inflorescence covered trea ( mae) ; Tnterraixed with fascicles of t ort
hairs. Leaves 44-7 by 13-23 in., polished above, lateral nerves very prominen ani-
neath ; petiole 4-3 in. Panicles about 6 in. long, ultimate branches racemose bes

lateral. Flowers sessile; buds clothed with tawny silky hairs. Anthers with the

subequal. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruiting-ealyz with immature accrescent segments, c ot
en both surfaces with soft yellow down.

12. S. Tumbugegaia, Lox, Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 617; leas
ovate or oblong-cordiform acuminate base truncate or emarginate glabro n
on both snrfaces lateral nerves about 8 pairs, panicles terminal, sum
about 30. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630; Beddome Flor, Sylwat. Gen. 29

8. penicillata, A, DC. Lc. 630. Vatica Tumbuggaia, W. & A. Prodr. 855
Wight Ic. t. 97.

Western PENINSULA; forests of Cudapah and Palghaut in Mysore, Wight, by iole
A gigantic dammer-producing tree. aves 21-8 by 14-43 in. (B eddome) v Rer:
1-2 in. Panicles 8 in long, hoary or nearly glabrous. Flowers shoruy pe ule Ü in.
buds densely hoary. Anthers with a hairy appendage. Stigma 3-lobulate. Caps!

Ë, ovoid, acuminate, pubescent above; bases of fruiting calyx-segments os
ovate, hoary; wings 13-13 by 4 in., spathulate, obtuse, 8—10-nerved.— There can

Shorea.) XXV. nrPTEROCARPEX. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 307

doubt as to the identity of this species. Roxburgh states the number of stamens to be
100, but this is clearly an error.

13. S.’oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. 36; leaves oblong shortly acu-
minate base truncate or emarginate both surfaces glabrous lateral nerv

about 15 pairs, panicles terminal or axillary, stamens 80-100. A. DC.
Prodr, xvi. 2, 629.

CexLoN.; Southern districts of the Island, Thwaites. . . . _

A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 13-24 in.; petiole 4-3 in. Panicles 6 In. long, asi
mose, hoary. lowers yellow, odorous, shortly pedicelled; buds ensely 1 ry.
Anthers with a terminal bristle about their own length and two minute latera on Ç
Capsule 3 in. long, ovoid, silky-pubescent; bases of the fruiting galyx-segmenis i
i long as the capsule, oblong, gibbous, puberulent ; wings 2 by $ in., sp ,
obtuse,

. . ; diform
M. S. lissophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402; leaves oblong-cor
Sightly acuminate base emarginate both surfaces glabrous lateral m
about 7 pairs prominent beneath, panicles small terminal or axillary,
stamens about 35. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630.

Certos; Hinidoon Pattoo and Singhe-rajah Forest, Thwaites. | :

À large tree, twigs black when dry. Leaves 3-5 by 14-3 in. ; petiole M buds hoary,
Panicles about 3 in. long, racemose, glabrous. Flowers shortly pedicelled; bu
Anthers bearded. Fruit unknown.

inate
15. S. stipularis Thwaites Enum, 36 ; leaves oblong shortly acumina i
or subobtuse base rounded coriaceous both surfaces glabrous midrib chan

: Y
tielled above very prominent beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs. A. DC.
rodr. xvi. 2, 631.

Ceyton; between Ratnapoora and' Galle, Thwaites. . . .

A large tree. Leaves 46 by 2-4 in.; stipules 4-1 by j-8 in., ovate, subobliqne, with
numerous slender nerves, very persistent; petiole 14-14 in. Flowers un p m
Subconic, smooth ; (winged calyx-segments 5-54 by 1} in., 11-14-nerved,

16. S. assamica, Dyer ; leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong very
shortly acuminate base rounded both surfaces glabrous midrib channelled
above lateral nerves about 17 pairs hispid beneath rather prominen .

UPPER Assam; banks of the Duhin river, G. Mann. .
oung twigs thinly pendulous. ‘Leaves about 34 by 1$ in., shining above Flower
nown. Capsule i in. ovoid, acuminate, glabrous; bases of the ruiting oh
leer about 4 as long as the capsule, broadly ovate, gibbous; wings 4 by ;
ear, subacute, about 12-nerved
17. S, gratissima, Dyer ; leaves elliptic acuminate base acute both
Surfaces glabrous margins undulate lateral nerves about 14 pairs incon
Walt oe panicles terminal and axillary, stamens 20-25. Hopea gratissima,
- Cat. 960,

SiSCAPORE Wallich .
, ` . . . , 3-6 in.
Tanchlets slender, L 21-4 by 14-14 in.; petiole 1-1 in. Panicles 3-6 in.,
Blabrous, black when dry. “Flower buds Ned pedicels about Jy in. Anthers with a
terminal seta,

18. S. reticulat ; . 1 late with a long acumi-
4 a, Thwaites ms, ; leaves lanceo na
Dee Point base acute shining above glabrous beneath margins undulate
ay nerves about 10 pairs hardly prominent beneath.
YLON,

Twigs slender, pale. Leaves 3-4 by 12 in.; petiole 4 in., decurved. em un-

t

308 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEÆ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shorea.

known. Bases of the fruiting calyx-segments lanceolate, gibbous, puberulous; wings
14 by 1 in, linear, obtuse, glabrous, 8-nerved.

19. S. macroptera, Dyer; leaves narrowly oblong acuminate base
obtuse somewhat coriaceous shining above glabrous beneath lateral nerves
about 10 pairs rather prominent beneath, panicles terminal.

Matacca, Maingay.—Distris. Borneo. .

Twigs puberulous, dark-brown. Leaves 4-5 by 13 in., chocolate-coloured when dry;
petiole 4 in., rugose. Flowers sessile. Capsule (immature) § in. long; bases of the
fruiting calyx-segments equalling the capsule, ovate, bordered by the decurrent margins
of the wing; wings 5-6 by 3-1 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved, glabrescent.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. .
SuonEA LONGISPERMA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 618. Parashorea longi-

sperma, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 66. Prince of Wales’ Island. Without
description.

6. HOPEA, Roxb.

. Glabrous or hoary-tomentose resinous trees. Leaves quite entire, firm,
inconspicuously feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous.
Flowers sessile or shortly pedicelled, ebracteate, in lax panicles of unilate

racemes. Calya-tube very short, adnate to the receptacle, segments obtuse,
imbricate. Stamens 15, or rarely 10, slightly connate; anthers ovate, con-
nective subulate-cuspidate, valves obtuse equal. Ovary 3-celled, the cells
2-ovuled ; style shortly cylindric or subulate. Nut 1-seeded, closely sur-
rounded by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments, 2 of which are
developed into linear wings. Embryo as in Shorea.— DISTRI. of Shorea ;

species about 35.— The separation of this genus from Shorea is somewhat
artificial.

* Panicles palely tomentose.

1. H. odorata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl, Ind. ii. 609 ; leaves ovate- 0t
lanceolate-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate lateral nerves about 12 per
rather weak their axils often glandular, anthers oblong appendage 4 »
the same length. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 632. H. faginea, Hort. Cale. 8
Herb. Lemann. (not of Wall) H. eglandulosa, Roxb. Hort. Deng. ' hi
Fl. Ind. ii. 611 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. H. decandra, Buch, ex 519
TU. 88. H. Wightiana, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. 320, (not of Wall),
Rangoon, PEGU, ManTABAN and TENAssERIM. ded
A large tree; branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., base roun »
often suboblique, margins undulate, firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole à»
Flowers sweet-scented, buds about £ in, very shortly pedicelled. Calyz-se iting
ovate, obtuse. Petals yellow. Nut } in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous; wings ° un
cal yx-segments linear, obtuse, tapering to an oblong base £ in. ther
Van. 1. odorata proper, Wall. Cat. 961 (sp.); panicle 4 as long as the leaves pp iij,
dense, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 14 by 3-8 in., 7-9-nerved. Roxb. Cor.
t. 210; Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 75, t. 7, f. 15-21. — Mergui, Griffith.
Van. 2. vasta, Wall. Cat. 926 (sp.); leaves gradually tapering opaque above,
equalling the leaves rather lax, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 13 by iHi 10
nerved.—Rangoon to Mergui. -

nicles
pe 9-13-

t m in

2. H. parviflora, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t.7 (by error t. 6) ; Gen. xx i

part ;. Ind. For. Rep. 1863-4, with plate ; lave ovate or oblong friert
ateral nerves about 10 pairs often forked their axils often glandular,

|

Hopes] xxv. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) © — 309

petals dilated and crisped, anthers suborbicular, appendage about half as
ong again. :

MALABAR and S. Canara; ascending to 3500 ft., Beddome.

À large tree; branchlets reddish-brown, slightly glaucescent. Leaves about 34 by
ll in, firm, base acute or rounded, margins slightly undulate, glabrous on both sur-
faces, nerves pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flower-buds about š in., tomentose, very

ortly pedicelled, calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Fruit unknown.

3. H. longifolia, Dyer ; leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse lateral nerves,
about 10 pairs very oblique their axils often glandular, tips of petalscrisped,
anthers suborbicular appendage about half as long again. H. parviflora,
Flor. Sylvat, Gen. xxvii., in part.
Sour Carnatic, near Tinnivelly, Beddome. i
A large tree ; branchlets brown. Leaves 5-7 by 1-13 in., firm, base acute, margins
slight] undulate, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole § in. Flower-buds jy in., tomen-
tose, shortly pedicelled. Calya-segments ovate, acute. Fruit unknown.

** Panicles glabrous (except sometimes in H. micrantha).

l 4 H. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6295 ; branchlets pale softly pubescent at
qeth glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute lateral nerves
i out 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary 1-6 together shorter than the
yans calyx-segments glabrous, W. & A. Prodr. 85; Wight Ill. t. 37 ;
. Do. Prodr. xvi. 9, 633,
ESTERN PENINSULA, Wight ; Concan, Stocks.
a Lanes 5-8 by 13-3 in., firm, base acute rounded or emarginate, glabrous Je both
i aces, opaque above, nerves oblique, curved, rather prominent above; petiole i Xl.
out, pubescent. Bracts 4, in., lanceolate, acute. Buds about $ in. very shortly
As ed. Calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Petals pubescent externally. mE
of fri appendage 4 times their length. Nut 4 in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous ror
elli ticle calyx-segments scarcely distinct, gibbous, wings 13-24 by i-3 in, e ié
od C-near obtuse, about 9-nerved, usually tinged with red. —The inflorescenc oli
1 diseased and condensed into a globular mass; this is Artocarpus lanceeefolia,
xb. Fl. Ind, iii, 527, ex Miquel, in Herb. Hohenack. 796 a.

5. H. glabra, W d: A. Prodr, 85; branchlets dark-coloured glabrous,
leaves lanceolate ‘obtuse or shortly acuminate lateral uerves about 8 pairs,
Panicles 1-3 together, racemes axillary about equalling the leaves, calyx-
Segments glabrous,

Wesrery Pentxsuta, Wight; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnivelly, Beddome.

aves about 4 by 14 in., base acute or obtuse glabrous and rather shining on „both
Surfaces, nerves rd d and prolonged parallel to the margins slightly prominent
very a petiole 4 in., rugose. Bracts nearly & in. lanceolate, obtuse. Flower iers
7 shortly pedicelled, Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse. Petals pubescent. An

or )
lcular, appendage about 3 times as long. Fruit unknown.

ortis oblon d, leaves oblong
gifolia, Dyer ; branchlets pale compressed, :
atiy acuminate lateral nerves about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary
brise together) about half as long as the leaves, calyx-segments
n .

TENASSERIM

; at Mergui, Griffith.

faces ves about 7 by 2) in, fe base obtuse, glabrous and rather opaque on ira
nerves oblique, scarcely curved, inconspicuous above; petiole 4 in. g °

Rae oak i nts ovate, acute,
Pı nute, about equalling the very short pedicels. Calyx-segme , acute
igo a a scent. Anthers orbicular with an appendage 4 times their length, Fruit

310 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hopea.

7. H. Grifüthii, Kurz ms.; branchlets slightly lepidote at length
glabrous, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse lateral nerves about
10 pairs evanescent, panicles axillary less than half the lengthof the leaves,
calyx-segments glabrous.

Tenassertmm; Mergui, Griffith. ` . te

Branches dark-barked, with pale striæ. Leaves 3—4 by 1-1} in., firm, base £a
glabrous on both surfaces, midrib prominent below; petiole ẹ in., slender. Brae
minute, shorter than the pedicels, lanceolate, acute. — Z'lower-buds 45; in., shortly 5 r
celled. Petals palely pubescent. Anthers suborbicular, appendage about twice as tong.
Fruit unknown.

8. H. micrantha, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 160 ; branchlets
dark-coloured minutely lepidote, leaves elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-
acuminate obtuse lateral nerves very numerous evanescent, panicles termin '
or axillary less than 3 the length of the leaves hoary-pubescent, calyx
segments varnished. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634.

Matacca, Maingay.—Disrris. Borneo.

A very lofty tree, V Leaves 2-2} by 3-1} in., coriaceous, glabrous on both orfan,
midrib prominent above and beneath; petiole 4 in., puberulent. Flowers yy M., Pe as
cels fully A; in. Petals palely pubescent. Anthers suborbicular, appendage about at
long. Nut conical; bases of fruiting calyx-segments } in. long with two gibbosities
the bottom, wings 14 in. oblanceolate, obtuse, 9-nerved. .

9. H. discolor, Thwaites Enum. 36 ; branchlets dark-coloured slightly

ruinose, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse reddish-brow™

eneath lateral nerves about 5 pairs depressed above, panicles axi a
sometimes 2-3 together about 4 the length of the leaves, calyx-segmen
glabrous, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 633.

CzvLox ; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, at no great elevation, Thwaites.

A large tree. Leaves 2-3 by $1 in.; petiole 4 in. Panicle bright red; pedicels
yz in. Petals yellow, palely puberulous. Anthers suborbicular, appendages three uma
their length. Nut š in., conical, acute, glabrous; bases of fruiting calyx-segments £ °
lanceolate; wings 14-3 by 4-1 in.; oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved.

10. H. racophleea, Dyer; branchlets brown, leaves ovate shortly
caudate-acuminate base acute lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curv
about equally prominent on both surfaces with large axillary glan
panicles terminal or axillary exceeding the leaves.

MaranAn; Wynaad forests, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. 4-4] by

A large tree, the bark peeling off in adherent scales (Beddome). Leaves iting
2-24 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole š in. slender, Bases of f lon
calyx-seyments minute, scarcely distinct, thickened, gibbous; wings 3 by 1 in. 677

tip truncate or rounded inconspicuously 10-nerved, reddish.—Nearly allied to the Ceylon
. jucunda.

ll. H. jucunda, Thwaites Enum. 403; branchlets dark purplish-
brown, leaves ovate or orbicular abruptly acuminate obtuse base rona bove
obtuse lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved slightly depressed vi
with lar ge axillary glands, panicles terminal or axillary. A. DC. Proar.

, D
CevLox ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Pasdoon Corle, and Saffragam district, Thwaites. »
A large tree. Leaves 14-5 by 1-23 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole im

Doma.) xxv. niPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 311

7. DOONA, Thwaites.

Lofty glabrous and often glaucescent resinous trees, with the habit of
(except in H. nervosa) some species of Hopea. Leaves entire, firm, incon-
spicuously veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. Flowers
rather small, usually in lax panicles rarely exceeding the leaves. Calyx as
1n Hopea, Stamens 15 ; anthers oblong, connective prolonged into a usually
clavate appendage, valves equal. Ovary as in Hopea. Nut l-seeded. Seed
ovoid with the thin testa interposed between the folds of the cotyledons ;

cle superior.—Drsrris. Endemic in Ceylon. Species 10.

l. D. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Journ, iii. (1851) t. 12 and iv. 7;
Enum, 34; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate base deltoid lateral nerves

numerous ascending inconspicuous, pedicels exceeding the calyx. Beddome
. Sylvat, t. 97; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 626.

Certon; Central province, ascending to 4000 ft. .

A tree of 60 ft. or more ; branchlets much divided, somewhat flexuose, with smooth
Purplebrown bark, Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in. midrib prominent beneath, channelled
ove; petiole 4 in, Panicles 2 in., erect, many-flowered; bracts small, brown, deci-
duous, Flowers 2 in. diam., pink; pedicels 4 in. erect. Outermost calyx-segments
eltoid-ovate, obtuse. Anthers with an appendage about 1 as long, glabrous, varnished.
Aut (immature) 4 in. long, ovoid; winged fruiting calyx-segments about 1 in. oblan-

ceolate with an ovate base at first bright red.—Yields a gum resin manufactured into
8 varnish, ?

2. D. nervosa, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves oblong elliptic or ovate
caudate-acuminate base rounded lateral nerves prominent beneath ascend-
Mg, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.

NAE Ekualagodde near Ratnapoora, Thwaites.
versely 5. tree; branchlets dichotomously divided with rather pale brown bark tepos:
nerves , 8086 on the ultimate twigs when dry. Leaves 34-44 by 14-2 in., latera
Tves about 9 pairs; petiole 4 in. Panicle 2 in., racemose, 3-6-flowered. Flowers
btn diam. ; pedicels & in. decurved, then erect. Outermost calyx-segments oblong,
or obla glabrous, scarcely varnished. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1-14 in., oblong
Anceolate, tip rounded, base narrow, gibbous.

3. D. affinis Thwar date-acuminate base
» Lhwartes Enum. 35 ; leaves oblong caudate-acu i
the ced lateral nerves inconspicuous ascending, pedicels about equalling
calyx, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.

Certon: between Ratna “on. Thwait
o oora and Galle, at no great elevation, 4 hwattes. |
nerve echlets dichotomously divided, brown barked. Leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in. lateral
Sübcor a out 6 pairs, midrib channelled above; petiole 1 in. Panicle 14-2 in., pe Inne) ;
ments Loses 6-9-flowered; pedicels à in., at first decurved. Outermost ca Yee
oes ° ong; obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Fruit unknown.—This description
dist ne completely agree with that of Thwaites; it is drawn up from specimens

istri ] :
epe ute a8 D. nervosa B C.P. 3712 and referred subsequently (Enum. 402) to this

4 D. tra . boid-lanceolate
° Dezifolia, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves rhombot 4
orally caudate-acuminate base obtuse lateral nerves inconspicuous

ng, pedicels exceeding the calyx. 4, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.

ry Central i i ft., Thwaites, &c.

, and Southern provinces; common, ascending to 1500 ft., 4 /Aaites,
Kum tree ; branchlets much divided, bark brown with minnte pale warts. Leaves
petiol yn Ems, opaque, midrib slightly channelled above, lateral nerves a ou ;
dd jn Panicle about 14 in., racemose, about 6-flowered. Flowers k in. diam. ;
"e erect, Outermost calyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Nut 2 in.

319 xxv. DIPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) — [Doona.

long; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in., linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, base
shorter than the nut, ovate.

5. D. congestiflora, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate
gradually acuminate base rounded, flowers very shortly pedicelled in dense
peduncled panicles, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.

Cryion; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, Thwaites. oe

A large tree ; branchlets with pale minutely warted bark. Leaves 3-44 by 13-2 n.
firm, midrib slightly channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 9 P
scarcely conspicuous, ascending, curved. Peduncle 1 in. Flowers 4 in. diam., » als
pedicels 44, in. or less. Outermost calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, opaque. et
scarcely puberulous, margins ciliolate. Nut 3 in.; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in.,
linear-oblanceolate, obtuse.

6. D. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 35 ; leaves long-petioled ovate acumi-
nate base rounded, pedicels shorter than the calyx deflexed. Be
Flor, Sylvat. t. 98; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628. :

Cryton; Central province between 3-5000 ft., Walker, &c. .

A large tree; branchlets much divided, slightly flexuose, with smooth purplish brown
bark. Leaves 2-3} by 11-13 in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, Icon"
spicuous, midrib channelled above, prominent beneath ; petiole 2-1 in. Panicle 24-4 di
racemose. Flowers $ in. diam., pinkish; pedicels } in. Outermost, calyx-segmen®
deltoid-oblong, obtuse, shining. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1} in., linear-oblen
ceolate obtuse; base dilated gibbous, equalling the immature nut.

7. D. cordifolia, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate 0T
oblong shortly caudate-acuminate rounded or cordate at the base, man:

Y^ above, lateral nerves prominent beneath. A. DC. Prodr. xvi

Crxton ; Pasdoon Corle and Ambagamowa, at no great elevation, Thwaites. =
A large tree; branchlets much divided, flexuose, with dark-coloured bark. in
4-6 by 14-2} in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, curved; petiole S tly
transversely rugose. Flowers unknown.—The terminal buds appear to be freq itu
converted into a curious strobiliform gall resulting from the production of a mu B
of small imperfectly developed leaves.

8. D. macrophylla, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves large oblong obtuse
acuminate base rounded, pedicels about equalling the calyx.
Prodr. xvi. 2, 627.
Cryton; Hinidoon Pattoo, Thwaites.
A large tree; branchlets with pale brown striately rngose bark. Leaves 64-8 Ë
21-3 in, pale beneath; midrib channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral Cal a
about 15 pairs, parallel. Panicle 4-7 in., racemose. — Pedicels } in., deflexed. NM
segments elliptic, glabrous. Petals | in., elliptic, canescent externally. Anthers
long, appendage about J; in. Fruit unknown.

e-
9. De ovalifolia, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves ovate obtusely cauda
acuminate base rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous above pror xvi.
beneath ascending, pedicels equalling the calyx. A. DC. Proar.
CEvLox ; Saffragam district, Thwaites. :
A large tree; branchlets dichotomously divided, somewhat flexuose, with ds Panicle

bark. Leaves 14-24 by 3-12 in. ; lateral nerves about 8 pairs ; petiole i voli Pedicels

racemose, axillary or terminal, few-flowered, shorter than or equal to the
deflexed.

Doma.) xxv. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 313

10. D, venulosà, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong
obtusely abruptly acuminate with close and prominent venation above.
4. DC. Prod». xvi. 2, 628.

CEvrox ; south of the Island, Thwaites. :

A large tree ; branchlets turning black when dry. Leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in.; lateral
nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole 4-3 in.—I have taken these particulars from Thwaites as

ave seen no specimens.

8 VATERTA, Linn.

Glabrous tomentose or furfuraceous resinous trees, Leaves entire, firm
or leathery, feather-veined ; stipules deciduous or inconspicuous, rarely
T8 and persistent, Flowersin terminal lax corymbose or lateral racemose
Panicles, or 1-3 on axillary peduncles, Calyx as in Shorea. Stamens 15,
rarely about 50 ; anthers linear or oblong, connective rarely prolonged or
Minutely apiculate, external valves equal, or longer, or longer and broader
and rolled inwards at the apex. Ovary as in Shorea, Capsule ovoid or
lobose, leathery or fleshy, 1-seeded, indehiscent, or 3-valved, supported
Y the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. Cotyledons large, fleshy, unequal,
usually lobed, inclosing the superior radicle.—DIsTRIB. of Shorea ; species
aout 17.—A. De Candolle transfers the section Stemonoporus, which is
endemic in Ceylon, to Vatica. The species, however, have an imbricate

YX which in fruit completely agrees with that of Vateria.

ater. L Poenoe. 4. DC. Stamens about 50 ; anther-cells adnate to
© apex of the acuminate connective, external valves much the longer.

\ V. indica, Z. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii, 602 ; Cor. Pl. iti. t 288 ; W. ^ A.

wodr 84; Wight Til i. 88, t. 36; Wall Cat 3670; Garin, f. videos
st 4. V. malabarica, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 29 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 624 ;
“Home Fl. Sylvat, t. 84 — Rheede Hort, Mal. iv. t. 15.

A STERN PENINSULA ; from Canara to Travancor, Wight, &c. L T
by PR tree; young branchlets and inflorescence stellately canescent. canes E»
em 295 in, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or minutely acuminate, base rounded ¢

cente, lateral nerves 14 pairs, slender; petiole 14 in.; stipules 4 in., o ig: ly

poeolate, acute, Panicle 6-8 in., terminal, loosely corymbose, branches sprea: ing.
comer’ 4 in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in. Calyax-segments lanceolate, obtuse,
scent on both surfaces, Petals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, white. jo» g al rous,
Clearly į 3 by 13 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceons, fleshy, 3-valved. Roxb) — Annen
with Yun tended his name Vateria indica to apply to Rheede’s plant. ' e tified
the B iti, A imperfect specimen in the 4th volume of Hermann s Her arium pow i
ut ritish Museum. What appears to be this specimen is perhaps indeterm ab ;
certainly does not belong to Dipterocarpeæ. The evidence appears to show d at
ide gnata, Hay ne, was unknown to Linnæus, and has therefore no claims
nüfled with pr indica,

Secr. IT H 50 ; anther-cells
istinat emiphractum. Turcz. Stamens about 50;
stinet at the apex, acuminate, valves equal, connective not pro-

Tio v. acuminata, Hayne Arzn, xi. 5; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2 (not of

` ; ; Blume
‘p , indica, Thwaites Enum. 37 : Beddome Flor, Sylvat. t. 84 ; Blur
Romine ii. 29, t. 4 (not of L). Elaeocarpus copalliferus, Jtetz. Obe. iv. 27,
artum oxyandrum, Z'urcz, in Bull Soc. Mosc. 1859, i. " " ;
*; Common in the h f the Island, ascending to 2000 ft., Z’hwartes.
A large handsome tree : m P ranchee and. inflorescence densely covered with

314 xxv. DIPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Vateria.

short caducous ferruginous hairs. Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., elliptic or oblong-lanceolate,
shortly acuminate, base rounded, lateral nerves about 20 pairs, stout; petiole 1 in;
stipules 3-1 in., linear-deltoid, attenuate. Panicle terminal, 8 1n., loosely corymbose ;
bracteoles 1 in., ovate, obtuse. Flowers 1 in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels e
Calyx ferruginous without, canescent witlrin. Petals orbicular, acute, white. An ers
puberulous. (Fruit 4 in. long by 24-3 in. broad.—Yields a green resin, used in Cinga-
lese superstitious ceremonies. Thwaites.)

Secr. III. Stemonoporus, Thwaites, Stamens 15; anthers with the
external valves longer, broader and rolled inwards at the apex.

* Inflorescence panicled,

3. V. ceylanica, Wight Ill. i. 88; leaves elliptic or oblong apiculate
or retuse base rounded or slightly acute. V. Wightii, 7'Àwautes em e
403. Vatica Wightii, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620. Stemonoporus Wight,
Thwaites Enum, 37. |

CeEYuoN ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, and near Palmadoolla, Tw

A large tree; young branches glabrous. Leaves 5-11 by 3-53 M., both su lon

le, glabrous; lateral nerves 21 pairs, spreading ; petiole 23 in. Lanicles 3 in; "es
ateral. Flowers fully lin. diam. Calyx glabrescent. Petals elliptic, obtuse, su Ml
yellow. Stamens with dilated slightly connate filaments ; anthers puberulous, o^
tive with a short acute apex. Style subulate, acute.—I believe this to be the en
intended by Wight. The only sheet in his herbarium with this name has clearly

LI ` ` - 7, i me
ticketed in error; it bears the inflorescence of V. acuminata and the foliage of so
indeterminate plant.

4. V. Gardneri, Thwiites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong
acuminate base rounded or cordate. Vatica Gardneri, A. DC. Proar.

2, 622, Stemonoporus Gardneri, Thwaites in Hook, Journ. of Bot. 1854, 65

Cryton; Rambodde, Gardner; Adams Peak, Thwaites. + Jateral

A large tree; young parts faintly puberulous. Leaves 3-5 by 2-25 m. nume:
nerves about 10 pairs, ascending; petiole about 3 in. Panicles about 2 1n. lon; am.
rous, collected towards the ends of the branches, 5-7-flowered. Flowers M ovate,
pedicels 4 in., decurved. Calyx-segments glabrous, ovate, acute. Petals broa ye s
white. Stamens connate at the base; external valves of the anthers rolled inwa

the apex, connective not prolonged. Style acute. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.

. te
9. V. jucunda, Thwaites ms.; leaves lanceolate or linear lancer’
gradually acuminate base rounded. V. acuminata, Thwaites Enum.
(not of Hayne), Vatica acuminata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622.

Cryton ; Madamahanewera, Ambagamowa, and Badalla districts, Thwaites.
A large tree; young branches reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves AT by.
midrib very stout, lateral nerves about 12 pairs, ascending. Panicles AM
lateral, racemose, puberulous. Flowers jin. diam. Calyar-segments lanceolate,

—Ma
Petals lanceolate, acute, pale yellow. Stamens and style as in V. Gardner’.
fruit unknown.

1-2 in,
n. Jong;
acute,

** Peduncles few-flowered. umi-
e-ac

6. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate-oblong caudat affinis,
nate base rounded lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporu "ii i
Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1854, 68; Enum, 38. Vatica Thw
4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.

Cryton ; Hunasgiria district, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites. bove scabrid
A large tree. Leaves 3-43 by 13-2 in., glabrous, opaque, glaucescent " |y bulla
beneath; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, intervening spaces irreg? "3

Vateria] xxv. DIPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) — 315

when dry; petiole 3 in., slender. Peduncles 1 in., axillary, usually 1-flowered. Calyx-
segments subacute, hoary externally.

7. V. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly
caudate-acuminate base acute midrib slightly prominent above lateral an
transverse nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus lanceolatus, Thwaites
Enum. 38. Vatica lanceolata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.

Ceyton; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. .

À small tree ; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 54-71 by 2-3 in., glabrous above,
glabrescent beneath, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole a In.,
stout, channelled. Peduncles š in., slightly supra-axillary, 1-flowered. Petals 4 in. long,
e'üptie, obtuse, pale yellow. Calyx-segments in fruit linear, acute.

8. V. canaliculata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong ob-
tusely acuminate base obtuse or acute midrib channelled above lateral
nerves in shallow depressions when dry with intramarginal connectmg
oops. Stemonoporus canaliculatus, Zhwaites Enum. 38. Vatica canalicu-
ta A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.

Certon; Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, T'hwaites.
moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles striate, scabrous. Leaves 24-4) by
H- m., glabrous and opaque above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 10 ne
Prominent beneath ; petiole 1-1} in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles j'y in., i b z
about 3-flowered. Caly.e-segménts oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent externa i PA
coloured. Anthers linear-lanceolate, minutely apiculate, puberulous. Fruit 1-1} in.
am., 4 in, deep, flattened-spheroidal, pale chovolate-coloured, mottled.

he V. petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblon
Shortly acuminate base rounded or subacute midrib elevated a y A 38
yves Weak, petiole 14-3 in. Stemonoporus petiolaris, Thwaites Anum. 35.
"s petiolaris, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621.
EYLON ; at Kittoo] Galle, Thwaites.
> moderate.sized tree ; young parts and petioles scarcely scabrous. Leaves, 6710 Dy
-24 m., glabrous above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 12 pairs. hers lanceo-
2+ axillary, 1-3.flowered, Calyx-segments ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers
minutely apiculate, puberulous.

l0. V. rigida, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves obovate emarginate base
acute or harrowly elliptic obtuse base rounded midrib slight Yat evano-
noove very stout beneath lateral nerves depressed when dry. b AL M
w ngidus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica rigida, A. DC. Prodr. ,

CEvroy. A . . h it
; Ambagamowa district, alt, about 3000 ft., Thwaites. . brous.
Le large tree; young parts petioles and under-surface of the leaves minutely tile
á 25 91-54 by 13 in., glabrescent and opaque above; lateral nerves a diam , Calyz-
M m. Peduncles very short, axillary, about 3-flowered. Flowers $ in. Mte, with a
gents oblong, obtuse, Petals elliptic, subacute. Anthers linear-lanceolate,

use apex, minutely hairy puberulous.

ws b-
sean M oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong su

i : d above.
y minate base ded midri d lateral nerves slightly elevate ;
Stemono rounded midrib and latera Vatica oblonga, A. DC.
Prodr, Y eoblongifolius, T'hwaites Enum. 38.

C ‘ ,
A TION ; Ambagamowa district, alt. about'4000 ft., Thwaites.

large tree; b Leaves 3-5 by 19-24 in.,
gla ; youn ts ta ulverulent-scabrous. ^ A
Prus on both surfaces; midrib stout bud prominent beneath ; petiole 3 in. Peduncles

316 xxv. DIPTEROCARPEX. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Vateria.

about 4 in., 1-4-flowered, crowded at the ends of the lateral shoots. Coi e
elliptic subacute. Petals obovate, obtuse. Anthers linear-oblong, obtuse y aoe u
puberulous. Fruit 4 in. diam., globose, 3-sulcate, pale brown, minutely w

12. V. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong
leathery acuminate base rounded shining above latera, Dor retic ulta,
spicuous. Stemonoporus reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vat
4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620.

Cerros; Hinidoon Corle, alt. about 1000 ft., Thwaites. . ne

A moderate-sized tree ; young parts pulverulent. Leaves 24-34 by 11-21 wile 1 "
midrib prominent and minutely reticulate beneath, lateral nerves 9 pairs; A lanceolate,
Pedunches axillary, 1-2-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyz-scgmen i apiculate,
glabrous, acute. Petals broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers linear, minutely

1 ly ver-
hairy-pubescent. Fruit 1} in. long, ovoid, acute, 3-sulcate, brown, minutely
rucose,

date-

13. V. nitida, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves lanceolate di b ate d later
acuminate base rounded shining above opaque beneath mi iti dus, Thwaites
nerves inconspicuously prominent above. Stemonoporus nitidus,
Enum. 39. Vatica nitida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622.

Cryton ; Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. s dark

A moderate-sized tree; twigs white-barked, with black verruculee, ^h. ng Pa nerves
brown, glabrescent. Leaves 3-4 by 11-14 in., midrib prominent benea ents lanceolate,
6 pairs, slender; petiole j in. Peduncles few-flowered. Calyx sega ate, pubera-
acute. Petals elliptic, acute, yellowish. — Anthers linear, minutely api dra, as À. 1
lous.—The number of stamens proves this not to belong to Monopora M. lancifolia,
Candolle appears to think probable, no doubt from its resemblance
which appears to be nothing more than a variety. 1i tapering-acumr

Var. lancifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404 (sp.) ; leaves 23-31 by $- oporanda lancifolia,
nate, fruit about 1 by 3 in. ovoid pale brown minutely mottled. Monop Corle, Thwaites.
Thwaites Enum. 39; A. DC. Prod. xvi. 2, 637. —Hellessee and Pasdoon ’
—The 15 stamens prove this to belong to Vateria.

. e bas
14. V. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves linear lance i
tapering nerves hairy on both surfaces when young ultima DC. Prodr.
Stemonoporus 1 Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 39. Vatica Moonii, 4.
XV1. 2, 622.

Ceyton; Maturatte? Moon.

Younes : b nt or pu
oung parts and petioles densely fulvous-tomentose, ultimately glabresce
lous.

M erves abou

Leaves 6-10 by 1-2 in., papery, midrib prominent beneath, lateral ‘petiole m

20 pairs, curved upwards, rather slender, with weaker ones intervening ; red, in
Sti

. : 1-flowe
pules 3-1 in. distinct, linear-lanceolate, rigid, persistent. Peduncles

H dif-
: . . in habit, but
the axils of fallen leaves —Somewhat resembling Vatica scabriuscula in he flower,
ering

. : ) s of t
from other species of Vateria. Thwaites, however, by an analysi
as determined it to belong to Stemonoporus.

lveru-

9. MONOPORANDBRBA, Thwaites.

. Leaves
Glabrescent or uberulous, much branched, moderate-sized UP ous.
entire, firm, feather veined ; stipules small, deciduous ‘xillary "

lowers moderate-sized on small, few or many flowered ax n
Calyx as in Vateria. Stamens 5; anthers as in Vateria Jobose, leather?
minutely apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. P re 8 ccrescent calyx:
indehiscent, 1-seeded, supported by the reflexed scarce y demic in Ceylon;
Cotyledons fleshy, unequal, radicle superior.—DISTRIB. n Baill on,
Species 2. According to Bentham and Hooker, and also

Monoporandra.] xxv. DIPTEROCARPER. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 317

randra does not differ from the Stemonoporus section of Vateria (with which
pas Thwaites now unites it) except in the number of stamens. Thwaites
lowever figured and described the ovary as 2-celled, and from the examina-
tion of M. cordifolia I tind this to be correct.

1. M. cordifolia, Thwaites in Hook. Journ.’ Bot. vi. (1854) 70 ; Enum.39 ;
eaves ovate shortly caudate-acuminate base cordate or rounded midrib and
teral nerves depressed above, panicles about 1 in. many-flowered. A. DC.
rodr, xvi. 9, 937. Vateria cordifolia, Z'hwaites Enum. 404,

Certon; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, elevation about 3000 ft., Thwaites.

A moderate-sized much branched tree ; young parts puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves
2-4} by 1-23 in., glabrous on both surfaces, opaque above, lateral nerves about 7 pairs;
petiole J-1 in., tumid at the apex. Flowers drooping, yellow. Calyx-segments lanceo-
late, acute. Fruit the size of a pea, brown, mottled.

2. M. elegans, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 69, t. 2 B;
Enum, 39 ; leaves elliptic abruptly and slenderly caudate-acuminate midrib
epressed lateral nerves prominent above, peduncles 1-4-flowered about
im. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 636. Vateria elegans. Thwaites Enum. 404.

Cevros; Saffragam district, alt. about 2000 ft., Thwaites. .

A moderate-sized tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 24-3 by $-1 in., base
obtuse or rounded, latcral nerves about 10 pairs; petiole 4 in. Calya-segments linear-

nceolate, Petals oblong, obtuse, pale-yellow. Anthers lanceolate, pulverulent. Fruit
Blobose, À, in. diam., with a drooping peduncle.

An im

| imperfect fruiting specimen of a large tree collected by Major Beddome in South
inntvelly and there called Karanyongoo, appears to belong to a new genus intermediate

tween P achynocarpus and Vatica.—Twigs brown barked, with minute white spots.

aves 34-44 by 14-14 in., lanceolate, obtuse, entire, lateral nerves 10 pairs, scarcely
Prominent; petiole about Yin. Flowers in short terminal or axillary puberulous
panicles; pedicels gin. Calyx-tube very short, segments 1 in., ovate, minutely acumi-
hate, thickened, with numerous minute pale warts externally. Capsule 3 in. diam., nearly
- 86, apiculate, glabrous, striate. Seed solitary; cotyledons fleshy, deeply 2-fid,
nelosing the superior radicle.

Order XXVI, MALVACEÆ. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.)

Herbs, shrubs or rarely soft-wooded trees, with mucilaginous rarely acid
den! and tenacious inner bark ; herbaceous portions generally more or less
lobes Covered with stellate hairs. eaves alternate, alminerved, simple
or x or rarely compound. Stipules free, sometimes caducous. Bracteoles 3
alp Scattered or approximate, free or combined, often forming an epi-
regul owers axillary or terminal, solitary fascicled or cymoso-paniculate,
Sa ar, hermaphrodite or 1-sexual. Sepals 5, valvate, free or connate.
the 5, twisted-imbricate. Stamens co , rarely definite, adnate to the base of
ant p etals ; filaments monadelphous, forming a tube, rarely a co umn ;
ultimat h blong or reniform, cells sinuous or twisted, linear or annular,
muricul, Y l-celled, bursting longitudinally; pollen globose, granu ar,
ca els ate. Ovar y 2- many-celled, entire, or lobed, of 2-5 or usually more
ther le horled round a central axis; styles connate below or throug ou
more & 18:5; stigmas linear peltate spathulate or capitate ; oe ot Lor
indepis es ed, attached to the inner angle of each carpel ruiz o » ry
d w Cent or dehiscent cocci, or capsular and loculicidal, sometimes rge
"Cody. Seeds reniform or obovid, glabrous hairy silky or woolly;

318 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.)

albumen scanty often mucilaginous or 0 ; embryo curved ; cotyledons leafy,
usually folded or crumpled.— DISTRIB. Abundant in warm regions, commen
in temperate, absent from arctic. Genera 57, known species about he
largely represented in India. A few genera are peculiar to India or
Archipelago, and some of the species are also endemic.

A. Andrecium tubular ; tube entire, or but slightly divided at the apex.

Trier I, Malvew. Herbsor shrubs. Ripe carpels separating from the
axis. Styles as many as the carpels,
Ovules solitary, ascending.
Stigmas linear.

Bracteoles 6-9 . 2. 2. + + + + +< k + + + x L ALTHEA.
Bracteoles 3, connate . . . . . + < . + + + + 2 LAV ATERA
Bracteoles 3, free . + + + +< + s on + o m nm ng .
Stigmas capitate. . . . . . . . + + . + + + + 8.* MALVASTRUM.
Ovules solitary, pendulous.
Carpels spreading, beakless . . . + . 8.** ANODA.

Carpels convergent at the points or beaked . . . . . . 4 Supa.
Ovules 2 or more.

.
Carpels with a transverse false partition 2... 4 W mE
Carpels with no false partition. . . . + . + . . . 5, ABUTILON.

Tribe II. Urenese. Styles or stigmatic branches twice as many aS the
carpels.

Carpels opposite the petals.
Carpels unarmed . . , , , + + + + + < s + x 9* Mara CERA,
Carpels beset with spines . + +, + k k 6. Urena.
Carpels opposite the sepals. . . . . 2... s. 7, PAVONIA,

Tries HI. Hibisceæ. Herbs or shrubs. Fruit capsular. Sepals leafy.
Staminal-tube truncate or 5-toothed at the apex.

Stigmas spreading. Seeds reniform.

Ovary l0-celled . l. o n a ewe ee we + + 8. DECASCHISTIA.
Ovary 2-5-celled. :
Stamens 10. . . . . . . ew . .. .. . o o 9, TULOSTYLES,

Stamens numerous. .
Bracteoles 4, lanceolate combined at the base . . . 10. DicgLLosrYue
Practeoles 3, cordate e. sse + k k sn sn o 1I. BENRA ;
Bracteoles 5 or more . . . . 12. Hipiscus.

Stigmas coherent in a club-shaped mass.
Bracteoles 3-5, small + + + + k s E: Trust,
Bracteoles 3, large, cordate. , . . . . . . . . . 14. GossvpIUM:

os into
B. Andreecium either tubular at the base only, and divided above in

fe u
pentadelphous filaments (rarely tubular higher up); or divided througho
into filaments,

Tre IV. Bombaceee. Trees, Sepals leathery. Styles connate or free
Fruit capsular or indehiscent.
Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 4-5 . .
Leaves digitate. Bracteoles 0.
Calyx 5-cleft eoe e + s
Calyx truncate or irregularly 3—5-lobed.
Ultimate filament with a single anther
Filaments with 2-3 anthers .
Leaves simple 1-costate, scaly,
Bracteoles united into a tube,
Petals ,

. 15. KYDILA.
. 15.* ADANSONIA

. 16. BOMBAX.
17. ER10DENDRON.

ss , 18. CuLLENIA-

|

|
|

XXVI. MALVACEJXE, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 319

Petals 5.
Calyx tubular or bell-shaped.
Anthers linear, cells sinuous . . . . . . . . . . x . 19. DURO.
Anthers globose, opening by a pre . . . . + + ò . .20. Boscuta.
Calyx dilated at the base.
Calyx cushion-shaped ororbieular. . . . . . . . . « . 21. NEESI.
Calyx 5-pouched at the base... 1 1 1 101 1 1 . . 22. CŒLOSTEGIA.

1. ALTIIEA, Linn.

Herbs pubescent or villous, erect or decumbent. Leaves more or less
deeply divided, rarely entire. Flowers peduncled, axillary, solitary or
fascicled, often in long termina] racemes. Bracteoles 6-9, connate at the base.
Anther-valves subglobose or linear. Ovary many-celled; styles filiform,
mner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell Carpeds numerous,
ultimately Separating from a short torus. Seed solitary in each carpel,
ascending.—DISTRIB. Temperate regions, rare in the tropics; known
Species about 12.

. Althea rosea, L., the common Holly-hock, is often cultivated in Indian Gardens: it
18 : Coromandelina, Cav., and A. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 2689.

LA Ludwigii, 7, ; DC. Prodr. i. 437 ; annual, hispid, prostrate or
ascending, leaves deeply lobed lobes 3-fid, flowers shortly peduncled few or
tufted, anther-valves subglobose, carpels glabrous. Cav. /c. 423 ; Boiss. Flor.

rent. L 824. Malva malwensis, Hdgew. in Hook. Journ. Bot, ii. 284.

Norra Western INDIA, the PANJAB, and SinpuH.—Distris. Western Asia and the

editerranean region; S. Africa. ;

iem 6-12 in high, slender, branching. ^ Leaves long-petioled, orbicular, 5-7-lobed,

bes wedge-shaped. Bractevles 7-9, as long as the calyx. Flowers whitish, i-i in.
tam. Petals exceeding the lanceolate sepals. Carpels wrinkled at the sides.

l "ia officinalis, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 436 ; perennial, uniformly downy,
aves ovate simple or slightly lobed, flowers peduncled in axillary clusters,
i aps ee linear-lanceolate, anther-valves subglobose. Bozss. Flor. Orient.

senna, Jacquemont, &c.—Disrrre. Westward to England. "
sti n erect, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovoid, annular, base scarcely cordate, unequally toothed ;
the sen linear-subulate. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., rosy. Bracteoles halt the length of
"epals.— The Marsh Mallow, which yields Guimauve. . .
tausi taurinensis; not so densely downy as the type, flowers comparatively few.
` Aurilnensis, DC, Prodr. i. 436.

2 LAVATERA, Linn.

silla with branching downy stems. Leaves lobed. Flowers peduncled,
filiforny, Bracteoles 3, connate at the base. Ovary many-celled ; sty es
numero, inner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell. Krpe car Je
ultim tum Surrounding a prominent conical torus, from which they
ately Separate. Seed solitary, ascending.— DISTRI. Chiefly Mediter-
> he 1s Australian, two are Canarian.

| I^ Kashmiriana, Camb, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 29, t. 321

AUR, Jacquemont, & .
: fantching owny herb. Lower leaves with petioles as long as the blade, orbicular ,
shorter 1} 99ed, lobes crenate nearly glabrous above, downy beneath, upper with petiole

e blade, 3-5-lobed, lobes acute, central longest; stipules linear-lanceo-

320 XXVI. MALVACEJX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Lavatera.

late. Peduncles about equalling the leaves. Bracteoles 3, broadly ovate, acute, com-
bined at the base. Sepals lanceolate, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 3 in. diam.,
pink; petals cuneate, deeply 2-tid. Staminal column villous. Carpels reniform, smooth,
shorter than the projecting torus.

3. MALVA, Linn.

Downy herbs. Leaves lobed. Flowers in axillary tufts. Bracteoles 3,
distinct. Sepals 5, connate at the base, Petals emarginate, connate at the
extreme base. Staminal-tube antheriferous to the top, without sterile teeth.
Ovary many-celled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas linear ; ovules
lin each cell. Ripe carpels 1-seeded, indehiscent, separating from as ort
conical torus. Seed ascending.—DistRiB. Temperate regions of the
World. Species about 16; many are widely diffused by cultivation, &c.
None of the Indian species are endemic.

1. M. verticillata, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433; an erect annual or peren-
nial, pubescent, flowers nearly sessile in dense axillary clusters. Wall. Cat.
1879, 1884, 3,4. M. neilgherrensis, Wight Jc. t. 950. M. alchemillefolia,
Wall. Cat. 1884, d.

Temperate HIMALAYA, ascending to 6-12,000 ft., from Assam and Sikkim to
Kumaon and Lahul ; Nizauris Mrs., in corn fields, Wight.—D1srris. Europe, Abyssin®
Egypt, Amoor land, China. -

Stem bianched, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, suborbicular, 5-6-lobed, downy ; petiole
6-7 in. Flowers small, nearly sessile, densely crowded. Bracteoles linear. Sep 2
deltoidlanceolate. Petals notched, slightly longer than the sepals. Carpels 10-12,
enclosed within the accrescent calyx, netted on the sides, prominently ribbed at the

2. M. silvestris, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 432 ; an erect nearly glabrous herb,
peduncles as long or longer than the flowers erect or ascending. boss
flor. Orient. i. 819.

Western Temperate HIMALAYA, from Kumaon, alt. 2500 ft, to KASHMIR and the
Pansas.—Distris. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. neles
Annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves cordate, rounded, lobed ; petiole 4-5 in. Pedu ix
about 1 in. Bracteoles ovate, entire, shorter than the bell-shaped calyx. Corolla 14
diam. Petals notched, claw-bearded. Carpels reticulated, downy or glabrous. . 432
Van. 1. mauritiana ; carpels reticulated, glabrous. M. mauritiana, DU. Prodr 77;
Cav. Diss. ii. 25, f. 2; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 181; W. & A. Prodr. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 122
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 819.—Bengal, Western Peninsula. M. ciliata, Wall. Cat. d "
Van. 2. eriocarpa, Boissier Fl. Orient. i. 819 ; carpels reticulated downy.—Hima aye

3. M. rotundifolia, 7,; DC. Prodr. i. 433;°a spreading herh,
slightly downy, peduncles deflexed after flowering, claw of petal beana ,
Wall. Cat. 1885 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 820. M. vulgaris, Fries. Novru.

Noxru-West Provinces; Kumaon and Sinpa.—Disrris. Europe, W. Asia. i

A much-branched herb, sparingly villous. Leaves suborbicular, bed, crenate ; pee
6-7 in. Peduncles 14 in. — Bracteoles lanceolate half the length of the broadly "th of
shaped sepals. Corolla 1 in. diam. Petals wedge-shaped, notched, twice the leng
the sepals. Ripe carpels downy, flat or wrinkled. inkled

Var. 1. borealis; petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, carpels prominently W Boiss.
and netted. M. rotundifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181; M. borealis, Wallm. 884, efi
Flor. Orient. i. 820; M. rotundifolia var. 8, W. & A. Prod. i. 45; Wall. Cat. 1 due
M. parviflora, Huds. not of Linn.—Bengal, Mysore. : M. rotutr
difolia 2. reticulata j petals Exceeding the calyx; carpels glabrous, wrinkled, ost Hi

, var. a, W. rodr. i: 45; — icd

mp pipa yq odr. i. 45; Wall. Cat. 1884, e.—Bengal,

321
Malva.) XXVI. MALVACEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.)

i ; ding herb, slightly

. iflora, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 433; a sprea i

ina. peduncles spreading after flowering, claw of petal glabrous. Botss
Flor, Orient, i. 820,

Norra-Wesr HiMALAY A, alt. 1-2000. f. Urrz& BENGAr, Sinou and the PANJAB.—
t, Arabia, Nubia. . . l

ae arate sola Arab herb. Leaves roundish, obsoletely yaaa Padina die

short. Bracteoles linear. Sepals broad, acute. Petals notched, scarcely e

sepals. Carpels wrinkled,

3.* MALVASTRUM, A. Gray.

. o 1 or
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire or divided. Z nifloresconce axilla e ger
terminal. Bracteoles 3, narrow. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-pa it. with no sterile
than the sepals. Staminal-tube antheriferous to the summ arpels stigmas
aub. Ovary 5 or morecelled; styles as many as. dehiscent 1-seeded,
capitate. Ripe carpels separating from a short torus, in ios all’ American
eaked or not. Seed ascending.—Distris. About 60 spee throughout the
and S. African except 2, which are widely distribute
tropics of both hemispheres,

. . ith

M. TRiCUsPIDATUM, A. Gray Pl. Wright, 16 ; hairs simple, carpels with
three small projecting points. Malva tricuspidata, .

L 430,

. f both hemi-
Various arts of BENGAL and Maneras, introduced.—Drstris. Tropics of bo
Spheres and Australia.

i thed,
An erect branching herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ` ee apanas
ather-veined. Petiole llin. Peduncles 1-4 in. Braten narrow. Cals
5-fid, lobes triangular acute. Petals yellow. Carpels ,

; els rounded or
M. SPICATUM, A. Gray PI. Fendler, 22; hairs stellate, carpe
angular not beaked, Malva spicata, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 430.

. ics of both hemi-
X arious parts of India, introduced; Meret, Grifith.—Disrni. Tropics of bo
eres,

. times lobed.
An erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acute, nrenate-nerrate, DEBEAT Petals
wers in a dense terminal leafy spike. Bracteoles narrow. Se
Yellow. Carpels 8-12, pubescent.

3.** ANODA, Cav.

i uncles,

Hispid herbs, Leaves hastate-lobed. Flowers on long axillary pedune’e r
Bracteoles 0. Calyx 5-parted, segments spreading. O, ry many-celled ;
tie dividing into numerous filaments at the top. tdt cell Ripe
Styles as many as the cells of the ovary ; ovules 1 in eed DISTRI
Arts Separating from the axis, bursting irregularly, 1-5 `
a American genus of 8 species, not indigenous in Indi:

i l
bain, M STATA, Z.; DC. Prodr. i 458; thinly clothed with appresse

.

É. LA, but not in-
e" places in Norrn-Wesrern Ixpra and the WESTERN PENINSU .
nous —Disrrrp, W. Indies, &c. irs. Leaves 2-3 in.; petioles
li; 5 2-3 ft. high, thinly beset with appressed hairs. d. Flowers 14 in. diam.
Pin. Stipules linear, 4 in. long. Peduncles 4 in., age a into a shallow tube.
9, broadly 9vate, acute, spreading, connate at the
vor Pe longer than the sepals. Y

322 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sida.

4. SIDA, Linn.

` Herbs or undershrubs. eaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 0. Calyz a
5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, cauna
below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube dividing a
the summit into numerous anther-bearing filaments. Carpels 5 or nt
whorled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas terminal. Ripe fisting
separating from the axis, generally 2-awned at the summit, an h e ninm
irregularly or by a small chink. Seed solitary, pendulous or oriz e
radicle superior.—Distris, A genus of about 80 species, most o
-being tropical weeds,

* Herbaceous, often trailing.

1. S. humilis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 463; a trailing herb, leaves vs
orbicular-cordate acute serrate slightly hairy, carpels 5 Sometimes i dis
Cav, Diss. v. t. 134, f. z; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 171; Thwaites j^ Pen
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 17 ; Wall. Cat. 1854, 1, 9, 3, D ; W. £ Ai t. 56,
59; Mi. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. S. unilocularis, L'Her. ue cans,
S. pilosa, Retz, not of Cav. ez W. & A. Lc.; Wall. Cat. 1854, E. 8. "OC. le
Wall. Cat. 1854 G. S. multicaulis, Cav. Diss. i. 10, t. 1, f. 6; Q6
S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853, not of DC. : «al Africa

Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India. Dıstrıs. Tropica
and America. . ith

Very variable. „Stem usually procumbent, branching, covered, like the leasen ro $
a "ew scattered radiating hairs; petiole rather shorter than the blade. lary, soli-
jointed in the middle, distant or arranged in a loose raceme Flowers axil tlf
sary or twin. Calyz-segments triangular, very acute. Corolla straw-coloured, s vary
rxceeding the calyx. arpels 5, muticous or shortly bicuspidate.— The spog it difficult
so much in qualjty of pubescence, length of carpellary awns, &c., that I fin .
to determine the following varieties with accuracy. . te.— Wall.

Van. 1. morifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. 1, f. 1 (sp.); carpels slightly mucronate.

Cat. 1853 B, É. ch awns.— Cat.

Van. 2. veronicefolia, Lam. Dict. n. 11 (sp.); carpels with two longish awns-
Diss. i. 7, t. 1, f. 8 and 5; Wall. Cat. 1853 D.

ith
2. S. mysorensis, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 59; herbaceous, covered wi
glutinous hairs, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, peduncles shorter i
petioles, carpels 5 awned keeled. Thwaites Enum. 28. S. hirta, £1 $53 E.
» 1855. not of Lam. S. urticefolia, W. € A. Le. S.. nervosa, Wall. Ca 'gr ; Fl
S. olens, Ham, in Wall. Cat. 1874. S. glutinosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. “A.
Ind, ii. 172; Wall. Cat. 1855, not of Cav. S. tenax, Ham. w ‘g; W.
Prodr. i. Lc. ; Wall. Cat. 1855, E, F. ? 8. radicans, Cav. Diss. i. p. 9;
& A. Prodr. i, 59.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 69.
jHoTAN, TENASSERIM, ConowANDEL, Mysore, Concan, CEYLON. hed, do
A herb or undershrub 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 24 by 2 in., coarsely toot 1 1 in.
neath ; petiole 1$ in. Pedunele jointed in the middle. Flowers scarcely
— Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. humilis.

be-
wn
dan.

** Suffrutescent (except S. corylifolia) erect or rarely procumbent. a
en

2. S. Schimperiana, Hochst. in Rich. Fl, Abyss. i. 66; la cuneate,
shrubby, branches repeatedly forked, leaves oblong retuse be », Afr- V
carpels 5 subglobose beaks short connivent. Mast. in Oliv, Fl. d Wight
180. Sida cuneifolia, Roxb. P. Ind. iii. 170. Dictyocarpus trunca yfejo-
in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 169; Madras Journ. Lit. & Sc. v. t. 19.

chia truncata and Hermannia aluifolia, Wall. Cat. 1196 K.

Sida.) XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 323

Wesverx PENINSULA; Carnatic and the Dekkan, Wight, &c.—Disrrim, Abyssinia,
. Africa,

A woody undershrub, with a thick rootstock. Branches intricate, decumbent or
erect. Leaves | in., sparingly covered with stellate hairs , petiole very short. lowers
solitary, axillary, shortly petioled. Sepals 5, connate below the middle in a cup shaped
tube. Petals pink. Carpels ultimately dehiscing along the inner edge.

4. S. spinosa, 7. ; DC. Prodr. i. 460 ; shrubby, erect, branches often
with spiny tubercles below the variable leaves, which are hoary beneath,
carpels 5, beaks erect. S. alba, L. ; W. € A. Prodr. i. 58; DC. Prodr. Lc. j
Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii, 174; Thwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb, Fi. 17.
Ñ retusa, Wight Cat. 195, not of Linn. S. alnifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ;
Roxb, Ind. iii. 174; W. & A. Prodr. i. 58; Wall. Cat. 1873. €. glan-
dulosa, Roxb, mss, ex W. & A. Prodr. i. l.c. S. Boriara, Wall. Cat, 1872.
Hotter parts of India, from the Norru-Wesr provinces to CEvrox.—Duisruis.
His generally. :

wes about 3 in., ovate obovate or linear-lanceolate, obtusely serrate, base cordate,
Sometimes cuneate : petiole 4 in. Peduncles solitary or clustered, jointed near the flower,
equalling or exceeding the petiole. Sepals deltoid, connate below into a cup-shaped
tube, Carpels membranous, scarcely longer than the calyx.

5 S. Srewioides, Gl œ Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 715; a cano-tomen-
tose undershrub, leaves obloug-ovate obtuse, calyx-tube angular, carpe‘s
7-8 wrinkled awne d, beaks connivent. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 835 ; Mast. in
liv, Fl. Trop. A fr. i. 182. i
Norra-Wesr PROVINCES and Sinpa.—Disrris. Arabia, Tropical Africa. I
“eaves about 1 in., crenate, downy on both surfaces; petiole shorter than the blade.
tipules linear-subulate, scarcely so long as the petiole. Peduncles solitary or twin,
Shorter than the petioles. Flowers yellow, small. Carpels indehiscent, or nearly so.

6. S. carpinifolia, Z., DC. Prodr. i. 460; an undershrub, leaves
nearly glabrous narrow acuminate serrate, stipules linear-subulate longer
want the petiole, peduncle jointed in the middle as long as the petio 7
pals triangular acute, calyx-tube subglobose, carpels 5-9 rugose aw ned.

- Cat. 1871. S. acuta, Burm. ; Cav. Diss. i.t. 9, f£. 3; DC. Prodr. i. 461;
Dalz, Zat. 1868, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; Rogo. FL Ind. ñi. 171; Wad A. Prodr, i. 81;
186 2 & Gibs. Bomb. FI 17 ; Thwaites Enum. 27 ; Wight Ic. t. 95 ; Walt. Cav.
po G. $. lanceolata, Roxb. l.c. 175 ; Wall. Cat. 1868 F. S8. stipulata, Cav.
Do l t. 3, f. 10; DC. Prodr. i. 460; W. & A. Prodr. lc. S. Stauntoniana,

- Le. ; S, scoparia, Lour. ez W. d: A. l.c. —Rheede, Hort. Mal. x. t. 2» "
generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India.—Disrris. i

*rennial. Leaves abo t 2-3 in. linear-lanceolate; petiole j';-3; in.; stipules
leg p erred, two or three tir gs longer than the petiole. Petals yellow, twice the
is de of the calyx.—De Candolle's S. compressa, from Nipal, which I have not seen,

i. poed as having >a v i duncles three times as long
as the petiole. "8 the leaves hoary beneath, and the pe

iS, rhombifoli lymorphous taper-

a, Linn. ; shrubby, erect, leaves polymorp

M At the base, pedunele longer than the petiole, carpels 10 awned or Cat

1862 "i the calyx. DC. Prodr. i. 462; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 176 ; H 52 . Sida
33 Thwaites Enum. 28. S. canariensis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 462. Si

idely distrib . ics of both hemispheres.
Y. . tuted throughout India.—Disrrip. Tropics of bot! res
hore ha H able, erennial, ‘glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves generally
than the - rhomboid, under side hoary, rarely green; stipules cipe e am or
Clustered petiole. Pedunele rarely less than twice as long as the petiole, axiliary

at the ends of the branches. Flowers yellow, rarely white. Sepals delt oi

324 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Sida.

acuminate. Carpels smooth or reticulate.—Very variable in form of leaf, relative
length of peduncle, position of joint, and size of the carpellary awns.—This species and
its allies vield good fibre. I

The following forms may be more or less readily distinguished, and many more might
he added, but their characters merge so much one into the other, that discrimination
becomes difficult. .

Var. 1. scabrida, W. & A. Prodr. i. 57 (sp.); sprinkled with rigid hairs, leaves con-
co'orous, peduncles jointed at the base, carpels awned.

Var. 2. retusa, Linn. (P2; leaves obovate retuse hoary underneath, peduncles
equalling the leaves jointed above the middle, carpellary awns short.— Cav. Diss. 1. t. 3,
f. 4, and Diss. v. t. 131, f. 2; W. & A. Prodr.i.58; Wall. Cat. 1870; DC. Prodr. i.
462; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 175; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. S. chinensis, Retz ex Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 97; Fl. Ind. iii. 174. S. philippica, DC. Prodr. i. 462; W. & A. Prodr.
Lej; Wall. Cat.1869; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 18 ; Rumph. Amb. v. t. 19.—The S. cory-
nocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1870, seems to be a form of this variety, with densely intricate
woody branches, and long carpellary awns. id

Var. 3. rhomboidea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. iii. 176 (sp.); leaves rhomboi
hoary beneath, peduncles jointed at the base, carpellary awns very short inflected.
DC. Prodr. i. 462; W. & A. Prodr. i. 57; Wall. Cat. 1862 E, 1863 ; Thwaues
Exum. 28. S. rhombifolia, Wall. Cat. 1862 F.? S. orientalis, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12.—
The flowers expand at noon (Roxb).

Van 4. obovata, Wall. Cat. 1864 (sp.); leaves 14 by 2 in. broadly obovate hony
beneath. apex coarsely toothed, base cuneate, petiole } in., peduncle longer than the
petiole shorter than the blade.

Var. 5. microphylla, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12, f.2 (sp.); leaves small elliptic dentate hoary
beneath, peduncle slightly exceeding the petiole, carpels 5-7 awned.— Rozb. Fl h
iii. 170; DC. Prodr. i. 461.

8. S. corylifolia, Wall. Cat. 1865; leaves oblong glabrous on to
surfaces crenate-serrate base rounded, peduncle longer than the ens
jointed above the middle, carpels smooth, awns long erect covered WT
reflexed bristles.

Bima, Wallich. les deciduous

erbaceous Leaves 4 by 2 in., concolorous; petiole i} in.; stipules dec :
Peduncle 14 in. Calyx broad, cup-shaped, š in. diam., trous sepals deltoid, acute,
shorter than the carpellary awns.—Resembles S. cordifolia in the long awns.

9. S. cordifolia, L. ; DO. Prodr. i. 464; downy, erect, leaves cordate,
oblong obtuse crenate, carpels 10 awned awns longer than the calyx cover
with stiff reflexed hairs. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 177; Wall. Cat. 1649; W. Oliv.
Prodr. i. 58; Thwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11; Mast. m Can
Hl. Trop. Afr. i. 181; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 140. S. herbacea, r:
Diss. i. 19, t. 13, f£. 1; DC. Prodr. i. 463 S. micans, Cav. Diss. i. 19, TG
S. rotundifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 20, t. 3, f. 6, and Diss. vi. t. 194, f. 2 5 We Seneg
1849, D; DC. Prodr. i. 464. s. althæifolia, Swartz; Guil. & Per. Fl.

1. 73.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 54. ical
Generally distributed throughout tropical and subtropical India.— DrsrRIP- A trop
weed. rfaces ;

Annual or perennial Leaves 14-2 by 1-1} in., very downy on both za ndi
petiole as long as the leaf; stipules linear, half the length of the petiole. ; short.
jointed near the flower, lower distant longer than the petioles, upper crowde Mei
Powers yellow. Carpels furrowed at the back, sides reticulated,— Flowers W
other species in the rainy and cool seasons.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. al plant
S. renracarpos, Roxb. ex Horn. Supp. 18; DO. Prodr. i. 473, an ueris uticoUs
having cordate sub-tricuspidate leaves, peduncles as long as the petioles, an
very hispid carpels.— Kosteletzkya pentacarpos is not a native of India.

Sida.) XXVI. MALVACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 325

4* WISSADULA, Medik.

Undershrubs, more or less beset with soft hairs. Leaves palmately lobed.
nflorescence lax, panicled. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 5 sepals which are free
above tubular below. Petals 5, connate below and adherent to the tube of
the stamens. Staminal-tube divided at the apex into numerous filaments.
tyles as many as the cells of the ovary. Ripe carpes 5, many-seeded,
ed, dehiscent, often with a transverse false partition. Seeds 1-3 in
each cell, lower descending, upper ascending.— DISTRIB. Species 5 or 6
tropical American, and one common in all the hotter parts of the globe.
habit they differ from the species of Sida and Abutilon.

a ROSTRATA, Planch. in Hook. Niger Flora, 229; peduncle longer than

i y eo carpels with a false partition. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.

Fi T W. periplocifolia, Thwaites Enum. 27. W. zeylanica, Medik.; Mig.

i reae Bat. i. pt. 2, 147. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don Gen. Syst.

Roh ; W. £ A. Prodr. i. 55, Sida periplocifolia, L.; DC. Prodr. i 467;
- Fl. Ind. ii. 172 ; Wall. Cat. 1861, B, C, D.

: Cultivated in India, naturalized in Ceylon, and very common in the south of the
8 -—Disrris, Java, Tropical Africa and America. i
1-2 i tescent, more or less densely clothed with stellate tomentum. -Leaves 3-4 by

„a. and upwards, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, cordate-oblong, entire,
poring into a long point; petiole 1 in. Flowers yellow, in lax panicles. Peduncles
ip, Jointed near the top. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals exceeding the calyx.

the Mae awned, much longer than the calyx.—Roxburgh says this is a native of

aay islands, and yields a beautiful hemp. .

t. ut 1. zeylanica, DC. Prodr. i. 467; leaves narrow, slightly scabrid above.—Pluk.

(575 Dill. Hort. Elth. i. t. 3, £. 2.

out RI ESCHENAULTIANA, peduncles not exceeding the petiole, carpels with-
Lesch e partitions, Sida Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr. i. 468. Abutilon
C - naultianum, Don Gen. Syst, i. 500.
= ted in India and in Ceylon; its native country not known. "
"att escent, softly downy. ` Leaves 2-3 by 24-34 in., glabrescent above, softly
cence ten beneath, cordate-ovate, acuminate, quite entire; petiole 3-4 in. Inflores
carpels Tmina], pauicled, many-flowered. Peduncles 1-2 in. Petals obcordate. ipe
Partiti ovoid.—In habit this plant agrees with Wissadula, but it is destitute of the false
tions in the carpel,

5. ABUTILON, Gerin.

Herbs or undersh . led or
rubs more or less covered with down. Leaves angle

rts ately-lobed, Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Bracteoles 0. Calys

below net’ Sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate

Xi ed adnate to the tube of the stamens, Slaminal-tube divided at the

ipe PM numerous filaments. Carpels 5-0, Styles as many as the carpe

Seeds reii Separating from the axis, awned or not, l- or morcsee ed:
Species M orm, upper ascending, lower descendin .—DisrRIB. A out. 7

ti all tropical or subtropical. As a genus hardly separable from Sida,

ua m habit and in the larger flowers, which latter (in the Indian species)

Y open in the evening, while in the Sidas they expand about noon.

*

1 Puls more than 10 (except in A. polyandrum). '
leaves J o Polyandrum, Schlecht. in Link Enum Hort. Berol. ñ. 264;
base st ih dish-cordate with a long acumen, filaments free nearly to the
> "'ammal-tube with a ring of hairs at the top, carpels 5 awned. Don

326 XXVI. MALVACEJ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Abutilon.

i i 55; ; . Dalz. d: Gibs.

en. Syst. i. 500; W. & A. Prodr, i. 55; Thwaites Enum. 27; Dalz,
emk Fi. 17; Miq. Fi. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 144. Sida oxyphylla, Wall. Cah
1850. S. polyandra, Rcæb. Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. ji. 1⁄3; Led y
1851, D,E, F. S. persica, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 47, f. 1; Cav, Diss. 1. V 4, L1,
DU. Prodr. i. 473. S. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 1851, D.

Norta-West provinces, TropicaL HIMALAYA, WESTERN PENINSULA, Brea,
Certon.—Distris. Java, South Trop. Africa, Persia? — :ole 4 in

Annual or perennial Leaves 4-5 in., downy, especially beneath ; petiole des
Peduncles clustered in small terminal racemes, jointed near the top. Sepals aneo ing
forming a bell-shaped tube below. Corolla 14 in. diam. Carpels hispid exce
the calyx, awns erect.

2. A. asiaticum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503; leaves rugose i
velvety beneath acute or acuminate, toothed, cordate at the base, ar
ovate acute or acuminate, petals overlapping, ripe carpels x on Z:
hispid scarcely longer than the calyx, awns erect. Thwaites lint.
W. £ A. Prod.i. 56; Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop, Afr. i. 184. — S Ind Bat.
Linn. Sp. 964; Cav. Diss. i. t. 7, f. 2, and v. t. 128, f. 1; Mig. P^. ina.

i. pt. 2, 145; L’Her. Stirp. 130. .

Western PENINSULA ; Ceyton.—Distris. Tropics of both hemispheres. elvety

Herbaceous or suffrutescent. Leaves 3-4 in. and more, subscabrid above, "esee
beneath; stipules linear, deflexed. Peduncles stout, jointed near the ower rarely
than the petiole. Flowers yellow, 2 in. diam. Calyx campanulate Carpe
muticous. . . . . fused The A.

The synonymy of this and the two following species is much con used; n. The
asiaticum of Wight's herbarium is indistinguishable from A. indicum o t marks of
rugose upper surface of the leaf mentioned by L'Heritier is one of the best rr pale
this species, the shape of the calyx-lobes, and the relative size and amount o! p
cence of the carpels is more variable.

3. A. indicum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 504 ; leaves cordate nearly e
or irregularly toothed covered on both surfaces with closely-felte chri
down with few or no hairs intermingled, sepals ovate acute, ripe d. awns
15-20 longer than the calyx glabrescent truncate or shortly awne Linn.;
spreading. A. asiaticum, W. d* A. Prodr. i. 56, not Sida asiatica, ona
W. & A. Prodr. i. 56 ; Wight. Ic. t. 12; Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl.18 ^ii pt. 3
Enum. 27; Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Ba 0 . bd.
116. Sida indica, Z.; DC. Prodr.i.471; Cav. Diss. i. p. 33, t. 7, 105
FI. Ind. iii. 179 ; Wall. Cat. 1859, 1, 2, D, F. CEYLON,

Generally distributed throughout tropical India (wanting in Malacca).
Thwaites.—Disrrie. Tropics. ioles, jointed

Annual or perennial. Stipules deflexed. Peduncles longer than the petioles,
near the top. Flowers yellow, 1 in. diam., opening in the evening. cuminate.

Van. 1. populifolium, W. & A. Prodr. i. 50, var. 8; leaves more or less Cav Diss.
Abutilon populifolium, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503; Sida populifolia, Lam. ; 1858; Sida
i.t. 7, f. 9; DC. Prodr. i. 470; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 179; Wall. Cat. 215 t. 128.
Beloere, L' Her. Stirp. i. 130. S. Eteromischos, Cav. Diss. ii. 55, and v. p. 24% ©
— Rumph. Amb. iv. t. xi.; Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 65. . d the stipules

Lamarck's plant is open to doubt, as the stem is described as purplish, an
as spirally twisted.

te-
4. A. bidentatum, Hochst, in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. 68 ; leaves oe
ovate acuminate crenate-toothed, stipules short subulate, panicles ding the
peduncles shorter than the leaves, ripe carpels 20 smooth excee
calyx, awns spreading. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186. on; Cox-
NortH-Wesrt provinces, Edgeworth ; Sixpn, Stocks ; Pangan, T. Thomson

can.—Distris. Tropical Africa and Arabia. 4

Abutilon.) XXVI. MALVACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 827

, Erect, perennial. Leaves 21-3 by 2 in., downy on both surfaces, lower petioles 4-5
i. Peduncles 1}-2 in. Sepals ovate, acute. Calyx-tube cup-shaped. Ripe fruit
Lin. diam. Carpels oblong, glabrescent, twice the length of the calyx.

5. A. graveolens, W. € A. Prodr, i. 56; branches covered with
sammy pubescence mixed with spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate
abruptly acuminate velvety on both sides, stipules falcate, peduncles as
long as the petioles, sepals ovate acuminate, carpels 20 or more rounded
hairy. Mast, in Oliv. Fl, Trop. Afr. i. 184; Thwaites Enum. 27. Sida gra-
veolens, Zozb. Hort, Beng. 50, Fl.; Ind. ii. 179; DC. Prodr. i. 473; Wall.
Cat. 1856, D, E, F, G. S, hirta, Wall. Cat. 1852, B partly.

Norta-Wesr PROVINCES, SINDH, Ninanmmni Mrs, and Crvrow.—Disrmrs. Belu-
custan, Java, Tropical Africa and Australia. : .
aves sometimes lobed ; petiole almost as long as the blade ; stipules linear, reflexed.
š s large, orange coloured, with a darker centre, ultimately reflexed. Petals ob-
cordate, Carpels truncate, rather longer than the calyx, not awned.—The fresh plant,
according to Roxburgh, has a strong unpleasant smell. There is no constant difference
tween this and the following form, but the var. hirtum is usually more densely hispid,
aud its carpels are more awned and scarcely exceed the calyx. o
Var. 1. hirtum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503 (sp.); stem copiously hispid, pubescence
rownish, leaves subscabrid above, stipules linear-subulate, carpels about 20, acute,
airy, abont the length of the calyx —Abutilon hirtum, W. £ A. Prodr.i. 56; Wall. Cat.
1856; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 145. Sida hirta, Lam. Dict.i.7; DC. Prodr. i. 410;
all. Cat. 1858 G ; Cav. Diss. t. 129. S. pilosa, L^ Her. Stirp. 130.

6. A. muticum, G, Don Gen. Syst. i. 502; pubescent and hairy, leaves
Toundish-cordate. sepals broad cuspidate, carpels about 20 reniform awnless
W ny shorter than the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 836, A. tomentosum,

“© A. Prodr. i. 56; Thwaites Enum. 27; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18.
& glaucum, Don Gen. Syst. i 504; Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 185.

da glauca, Cav, fe. 1, 8, t. 11. S, hirta, Wall. Cat, 1852 B partly. S. vil-
PS all. Cat, 1856 C. S. asiatica, Wall. Cat. 1852 D. 8. mutica, um
m Wt. 60, n. 45. S. tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii.

38; Wall. Cat. 1852 A, C, D, E.

Nowra Wrst PROVINCES, and WxsrERN PENINSULA, Stocks, Edgeworth, &c. CEYLON,

galle, T hwaites.—Disrrin. Affghanistan, Trop. Africa, Egypt. J petioles 2n.

sti anual or Suffrutescent. Leaves tomentose on both surfaces, toothed ; petiole n
ipules lanceolate, reflexed. — Peduncles as long as the petiole, stout, jointed near

pwer, usually arranced in axi ; Flowers large, orange.
? g xillary nearly leafless clusters. £1 š
pups ve tomentose, divided halfway down. Petals obliquely triangular, often lobed.
it globose, depressed at the summit. Seeds 3, scabrous.

7. A Avic ii bicular-cordate with a
` ennee, Gærtn. Carp. ii. 251; leaves orbicula

long Point, peduncle Shorter than the petiole, sepals free nearly to the base,
ii Aay „awns ultimately widely spreading. Boiss. Fl. Orient, 1. 838.
* Abutilon, Z, ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 178. 1

to Ced INDIA, Sinvu, Kasmir, and Bencau.—Disrei. N. Asia and westwar
nn, 1 PS and also in N. America. . :
ool et, herbaceous, softly tomentose. Leaves 3-4 in. ; petiole 3 in. iori 1 in,
tama’ axillary, Sepals ovate, acute. Petals yellow, hardl exceeding t e sep! M"
Cate, hi tube very short, Carpels 15-20, much exceeding the sepals, oblong, Seeds

pilose 'spidulous or pubescent, with 2 long horizontal spreading ciliolate awns.

8. À. cris : t and hairy, leaves
pum, G. Don Syst i. 502; pubescent an j, teave
cordate roundish acuminate cronake upper posed or nearly sessile, fruit

328 XXVI. MALVACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Abutilon.

lobose bent downwards when ripe, carpels 12 or more wrinkled mem-
branous awnless. Wight Ic. t. 68; W. & A. Prodr. i. 56; Thwaites Erun
401. Sida crispa Z.; DC. Prodr. i. 469; Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 177; HA
Cat. 1857 C, D, E, F. S. indica, Cav. Diss. 33, tab. 7, f. 10? and of Hero.
Heyne, S. montana, Roxb. Ic. ined.

WESTERN PENINSULA ; Nilghirrhis Mts., the Dekkan, and Coromandel.—Drernis.
"Tropical and subtropical America. .

A weak diffuse annual. Leaves 2-8 by 14 in.; stipules filiform. Peduncles ec
as the petiole, geniculate above the middle. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx i ga-
below, divided beyond the middle into lanceolate sepals. Carpels obtuse, ueary
brous, 2-3-seeded. Seeds pilose.

** Carpels not exceeding 10.

9. A. ramosum, Guill. £: Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 68; leaves ovate cordate
acuminate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, sepals free for ha r
length, ripe carpels about 10 much exceeding the sepals, hispid, awns W
ing. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186. A. sidoides, Dalz. & Gibs.
Fl. 18, Nida ramosa, Cav. Diss. i. 28, t. 6, f. 1.

NonrH-Wzsr provinces; Coxcan, Dalzell,—Disrri. Tropical Africa. let

Suffrutescent. Branches downy and with thin spreading hairs. Leaves | d
petioled, sometimes 3-cuspidate, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary and termins, éi
chotomous. Calyx-tube broadly cup-shaped. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals twi
long as the sepals.

10, A. fruticosum, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 73; leaves ovate cori
acute, stipules linear, carpels 10 truncate awnless pointed but little yos i
than the calyx. Boiss, B. Orient. i. 836 ; Mast, in Oliv, Fl. Trop. ñ Ae
187. A. microphyllum, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. 70, t. 15. A. er
Webb, & Berth. Phyt. Canar. ii. 39, t. 2. 1 Sida amena, Wall. Cat. 18

J Sixpn, Stocks, Aitcheson ; IRRAWADDI ? Wallich.—Disteis. Tropical Africa, A
ava, ire;
Suffrutescent, covered with white down. Leaves small, denticulate or nearly ae
petiole short. Peduncles solitary, axillary, shorter than the petiole, 1-3-0 bin
pedicels jointed above the middle. Sepals ovate, acute, scarcely cuspidate, bo cal x.

low into a shallow cup. Fruit cylindric, truncate, scarcely exceeding dda ike
Seeds sparingly pilose.—Dalzell says the flowers of this species expand at mi d

e 8.

ll. A. neilgherrense, Munro in Wight. Ill. t. 66 ; suffruticose SUP
glabrous, leaves whitish beneath roundish deeply peltate-cordate acul r
nate crenate; peduncles about the length of the petiole, corolla sprea
carpels truncate, twice the length of the sepals.

Western PexiNSULA, Nilghirrhis Mts., Munro. jnate
. Leaves sometimes 7h in. Peduncles 2-10-flowered. Sepals lanceolate, Ma^ of
villous. Petals obovate, united below into a short tube, hairy at the orifice.

the stamens glabrous, Carpels about 9.—I only know this species from Munro's descr?"
tion above cited,

8
In addition to the foregoing species, A. auritum (Sida aurita, Wall. Cat. 1860),

J avanes plant, is cultivated in India, and is sometimes met with as an escape
gardens.

Malachra.) — xxvi. mALvacEm. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 329

5* MALACHRA, Linn.

Herbs. Leaves angled. Flowers in dense heads, usually intermixed with
braeteoles. Sepals 5, forming below the middle a cup-like tube, Petals 5,
coherent below, and connate at the base with the tube of the stamens.

taminal-tube truncate or 5-toothed, filaments numerous. Carpels 5,
l-ovuled ; styles 10. Kipe carpels 1-seeded, indehiscent, separating from the
axis, smooth. Seeds reniform, ascending.—DrsrRIE. Species 5 or 6, all Ame-
Tican but the following, which is widely distributed throughout the tropics.

M. CAPITATA, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 440 ; leaves roundish-angled cordate
4p ed, bracteoles with a white spot at the base. Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop.

>. i. 188.

Throughout the hotter parts of India from the North West provinces to the Carnatic,
Probably introduced.—Disrris. W. tropical Africa, tropical America. . ..

„Annual or perennial, coarsely hairy. Leaves 5-6 in. wide or less; petiole 4 in. ;
Stipules linear. Flowers in axillary or terminal heads. Petals yellow or white, longer than
the subulate sepals. Fruit subelobose, depressed.—It is singular that this plant is not
wnboned either by Wight or Roxburgh, and that it is not included in Wall. Cat. Tn
Vallich’s herbarium, however, there are some specimens without numbers, and with
no localities assigned, while others are from the Calcutta garden.

6. URENA, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with rigid stellate hairs.
Leaves angled or lobed. lowers clustered. Bracteoles 5, adnate to the 5-cleft
Cayx, sometimes coherent at the base into a cup. Petals 5, often tomen-
tose at the back, free above, connate below and united to the base of the
tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube truncate or minutely toothed. Anthers
hearly sessile, Ovary 5-celled, cells 1-ovuled, opposite the petals ; stigmatic

ranches 10 ; stigmas capitate. Ripe carpels covered with hooked bristles or
smooth, indehiscent, separating from the axis when ripe. Seed ascending ;
cotyledons bent and folded ; radicle inferior.—DisTRIB. Species 4-5, natives
*' tropical and subtropical countries ; 2 only are confined to Asia.

* Carpels armed with hooked bristles

gus lobata, Li t divided beyond the
iddle » Linn. ; leaves rounded angled no d the
Walt, DC. Prodr. i. 441; Rowb, Fl. Ind. ii. 182; W. & A. Prodr. i 46,
Ind, pout: 1928; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 18; Thwaites En. 25 ; Mig, Ft
nd e 1. pt. 2, 148. U. cana, Wall, Cat. 1930 B. U. palmata, fou), £t.
: iu. 182, |
h Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India —Disrais. Tropics of both
emispheres, .
ate Variable, herb; less hairy. Leaves about 1-2 by 2-3 1n., cor-
"d ?-7-lobed, lobes anto or obtuse ; nerves 5-4, prominent on the under surface, tbe
wap central, or the midrib only provided with a gland on the under surface; peti k
lowe sho tter than the blade, Bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, equalling the calyx.
p pek. Carpels densely pubescent, echinate.

AR 1 ñ ! dish scarcely
lobed with m addas DU. Prod. i, 441 (sp. ; herbaceous, tho oepals. U. scabrius-

; lands bene ^ linear longer than t a
cula, Wall. Cat. 1928 F D. d A Prodr i AST Dale. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18.—Wight

mott doubt this being a distinct species, but Dalzell considers it very distinct.
2 U Sinua : ; > divided below the
iddle ; ta, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 441; leaves divided ,
Ba into 5 oblong lobes narrowed at the base and often rye Boob.
` U. 50; Fl, Ind. iii. 182; Wall. Cat. 1933 E; W. d A. Prodr. 1. 46;

330 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Urena.

Thwaites Enum. 25; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18. U. muricata, DC. Pat
i. 442. U. Lappago, DC. Prodr. i. 441. U. morifolia, DC. Prodr, i 4
U. heterophylla, Smith in Rees. Cycl. 37; Wall. Cat. 1933 E, F, di Hort
U. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1933 H ;—Burm. Zeyl. t. 69, f. 2. Rhee ort.
Mal. t. x. f. 2; Rumph. Amb, vi. t. 25, f. 2. š

Generally distributed over the hotter parts of India.— DrsrRIB. Tropics of bot
hemispheres. . bácootá
` Very variable in amount of pubescence, and in the form of the foliage, herbac 1-3.
perennial. Leaves downy, lobes serrated. Glands on under surface of nerves 1-3.

Bracteoles linear-oblong, as long as the calyx. Flowers 1 in. diam. Carpels densely
pubescent.

** Carpels smooth, unarmed.

3. U. repanda, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii, 182; stellate-hairy, leaves roundish
or somewhat lobed, flowers racemose, bracteoles 5 subulate connate be 46:
into a cup, sepals united for half their length. W. d: A. Prodr. 1 4";
Wight Hl. i. 65. U. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1929 (partly) U. Hamiltonian’
Wall. Cat. 2700. Pavonia repanda, Spreng. Syst. ii. 98. Urena speci
Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 26, Cat. 1931. AvA

Norru-West Inpa; Upper Ganertic Pran, the WEsrERN. PENINSULA and be.

Shrubby. Leaves shortly petioled, rough above, midrib glandular at the pponta
neath, lower 2-24 in. long, roundish, rarely lobed, cordate at the base, repand-se eu s
upper lanceolate. Flowers in ultimately leafless clusters. Bracteoles i-i eh of the
coriaceous, exceeding the membranous calyx. Corolla pink, twice the lengt
bracteoles. Seed ascending, smooth.

4. U. rigida, Wall. Cat. 1929 (partly); stellate-hairy, leaves den
roundish, flowers in heads at the ends of the branches, bracteoles 5, iad y
late combined for half their length into a bell-shaped tube, sepals free n
to the base.

Bina, Wallich, M'Clelland; Mawacca, Grifith—Disrris. Borneo. in.

Perennial. Stem purplish, thinly ANY A Leaves petioled, about 2 pb
base cordate, roundish serrulate, midrib glandular beneath ; stipules setaceous. long as
mixed with floral leaves, in terminal subsessile heads. Sepals jin, nearly pc
the bracteoles, membranous, villous at the back. Corolla white, tubular at len teeth
above 5-petalous, twice the length of the bracteoles. Stamen-tube with 5 minu as
at the upper edge. Ripe carpels hispid, reticulate. Seed pilose.— Lhis Spe"
the habit of a Malachra. The nearly free sepals are noteworthy.

7, PAVONTA, Cav.

' lla

5-0, free or forming a tube at the base. Calyx 5-parted; p ncate

5-petalous, united at the base to the staminal-tube. Staminal-tu he sepals,

or 5-toothed at the apex, Ovary 5-celled, cells usually opposite $ each cell.

r es less

Lipe carpels separating from the axis, entirely indehiscent, or nes ding
2-valved, smooth, netted or winged, never glochidiate. Seeds asce

Sect. 1. Lebretonia. Bracteoles 5-6. Carpels iudehiscent.

: . ^. Oliv. Fl.
l. P.glechomifolia, A. Rich, Fl. Abyss. i. 54; Mast ™ 7 14
Trop. Afr. i. 190. P. procumbens, Boiss. Fl. ‘Orient. i 837. Urena cor

Pavonia] — xxvi. MALvACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 331

Herb, Heyne. Lebretonia rocumbens, Wall. Cat. 2688; Wight Ic, t. 4;
W. & A. Prodr.i. 47. L. flava, Wall. Cat. 1883.—Pluk. t. 352, f. 5.

Nonru-Wrsr provinces, Sixpg, the WESTERN PENINSULA, Birma, and Cevrox.—
Distrig. Trop. Africa, Arabia. uU

igid, procumbent, more or less pubescent. Leaves 24 by 2 in., hirsute or glabrous,

roundish-cordate, crenate-serrate, somewhat 3-lobed, midlobe longest ; petiole 2 in.
Peduncle slender, axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the petiole. Bracteoles 5-6,
ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the sepals. Petals yellow, longer than the bracteoles.
tipe carpels 5, muricate, sometimes with a serrulate crest.—Variable in pubescence,
size of bracteoles and armature of carpels,

Sect. 2, Eupavonia. Bracteoles 10 or more. Carpels dehiscent.

2. P. arabica, Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Easicc. Abyss. ; leaves nearly
Boiss, FL Orient. i. 837.

Sipa, Stocks.—Disrrin, Abyssinia. i
erennial, more or less densely clothed with down. Stems erect. Leaves 14 by 3 ap
subcordate, oblong, entire or slightly dentate ; petiole as long as the leaf. Pe une
axillary, as long as the petiole. Bracteoles 10-12, linear, villous, exceeding the calyx
and corolla, Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pink. Carpels 5, oblong, 3-sided.

3. P. Zeylanica, Cav. ; DC. Prodr. i. 444; glandular-pubescent, leaves
hispid deeply 3—5-lobed, carpels unarmed slightly winged. Roxb. 7. nd
Audi Wall. Cat. 1885 A to D; W. & A. Prodr. i. 47; Dalz. d be
; Thwaites Enum. 401. Hibiscus zeylanicus, Linn, ; A020,
Mort, Beng. 50.—Pluk, t. 125, f. 3; Burm. Fl. Ind. i, 48, £. 3.

Norra-Wegr PROVINCES, SINDH, the Wesrern PrxiwsULA and CEYrow.—Disrris.

top. Africa, Mauritius. list

frennial, much branched, hispid. Leaves 1 by 3 in. and upwards, cordate, roundis 1,
eeply 3-5-lobed, lobes wedge-shaped, dentate, midlobe longest; petiole equalling or
“ceeding the blade. Peduncles about the length of the petiole, sted Van:
! LL cteoles 8-12, linear, ciliolate. Sepals lanceolate. Curpels oblong, 3-sided.— Ya

e In the form and lobing of the leat.

A P. odorata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i, 144; glandular-pubescent, leaves
atiy 3-5-lobed, carpels unarmed wingless. Roxb. P. Jnd, iii -
M Cat. 1886, 1, 2, D, E; W. & A. Prodr. i. 47; T yu t. Beng.
"ier: n Oliv, Fl. Trop. A [/r.i.193. Hibiscus odoratus, Hox. á ort - Beng.
Wall, &ides, Horn. in DC. Prodr, i. 444; Wall. Cat, 1886 F, G. P. rosea,
4 : Vat. 1887 ; P. Romborua, Wall. Cat. 2690. ua
set Wes PROVINCES, SinpH and BANDA, Edgeworth; Westers PENINSULA,
EYLON.—Distris, East Trop. Africa. . 4

3-5 eh.) herbaceous, covered with sticky hairs. Leaves 24 by 3 1n., cordate-ovate, vith
> Shallow pointed lobes ; lower petioles longer than the blades. B uno es rens
linear, qv) 1-flowered, clustered at the ends of the branches. rac MA Carpels
Obovoid, P4 lanceolate. Corolla pink, twice the length of the calyx.

5. P, Ceratoc . -hairy, leaves oblong ir-
gula arpa, Dalzell in herb. ; stellate-hairy, : M
nd toothed, carpels each with 3 terminal horns and 4 linear basal
es,

m ] : he base, obtuse, irregu-
l ]ehrub. - ., obl rounded at the »
b pane ly toothed «portant bin "Paduncles P xillary and crowded at the end of the
75 Jointed near the top. Flowers lin.diam. Bractcoles 10, linear, connate a

332 XXVI. MALVACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Pavonia,

the base. Calyx broadly campanulate, lobes deltoid. Corolla yellow, 2-3 times longer
than the calyx. Ovary depressed. Carpels 5, woody, pyriform, splitting through the
back, 3-horned at the apex, and with 4 linear obtuse wing-like appendages at the base.
—Leaves gratefully acid, as in Oxalis, Dalzell.

6. P. propinqua, Garcke in Schweinf. Fl. Aithiop. i. 55 ; suffrutescent,
stellate-hairy, leaves oblong crenate, bracteoles 10 linear-lanceolate, carpels
with 2 short prickles. Mast, in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr.i. 191. P. grewioides,
Hochst. Pl. Schimp. Exsicc. Abyss. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 837.

Sixpn, Stocks.—Disrris. Beluchistan, Abyssinia. . .

Leaves 1-4 in. subcordate; petioles shorter than the leaves; stipules linear-
subulate. Peduncles solitary, axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches.
Bracteoles nearly free, one-half longer than the ovate-lanceolate sepals. Corolla yellow,
1 in. diam., exceeding the bracteoles. Fruit subglobose, depressed ; carpels woody.

Under the name Diplopenta, Alefeld (in CEstr. Bot. Zeit. 1863, p. 11) describes 8
genus of Malvacee, which he says differs from Pavonia in the presence of 5 stigmatic
branches instead of 10. To this genus he refers Pavonia odorata, Willd., and a pn
species, which he calls D. pedunculosa, and which, he says, has been confused vit
P zeylanica. I have seen no specimen of this genus, and suspect some error or aco
dental cohesion of styles.

8. DECASCHISTIA, W. & A.

Shrubs, Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers shortly peduncled, axillary 0T
clustered and terminal. Bracteoles 10. Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5,
connate below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube pra
off many filaments below the apex. Ovary 10-celled, cells 1-ovuled ; styles 10,
connate below, stigmas capitate. Capsule loculicidally 10-valved. ee
reniform, ascending.—Distris. The following are the only species.

1. D. trilobata, Wight Ic. t. 88 ; lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, bracteoles
considerably shorter than the calyx. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fil. 21.

Western PexiNSULA ; Mysore, the Concan, and Dekkan. : tire

A shrub, branches more or less hispid or tomentose. Upper leaves sometimes en s
lanceolate, lower more or less 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, fne t
rate; petiole 4 in., downy; stipules linear or 3-lobed, equal to the petioles. » 4e
solitary, axillary, as long or longer than the petiole. Flowers 2 in. diam. 270"

linear, Sepals deltoid, connate below, twice the length of the bracteoles. Caps
Ispl .

2. D. crotonifolia, W. £ A. Prodr. i, 52; leaves simple rarely lobed
coarsely toothed, bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. Wight Lo. *des,
Hibiscus crotonifolius, Wall. Cat. 1900 and 1901. H. pterosperms ;
Wight mss. ; Wall. Cat. 1901 B. H. coriaceus, Heyne mss. ; W. & A. ^e

Westers PENINSULA; Mysore and Madura. Upper GANGETIC PLAIN, Po, le.

A shrub. Leaves 4 by 2 in. leathery "simple or slightly lobed, coarse y, toothed;
velvety on both surfaces with a short dense tomentum, whitish beneath, midrib longer
glandular pore at the base; petiole 14 in.; stipules linear-subulate. Peduncle id
than the petiole. Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx. Capsule slightly bispi

wers are

Among Maingay’s specimens from Rangoon, is one (n. 213?) of which the flo get

too imperfect to allow of examination, but which is probably referable to this
Leaves 5 by 2 in., oblong-lanceolate. subcordate, sometimes 3-lobed at the apex, as the
tomentose beneath; petiole 4 in. Peduncle solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, as gigs i
tiole. Bracteoles 10, subulate-lanceolate, half the length of the calyx ; 86
te. Corolla pink, 4 in. diam.

Julstyles.] ^ xxvi. MALvACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 333

9. JULOSTYLES, Thwaites.

A tree. Leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate, entire, puberulous, Panicle
terminal, pendulous. Bracteoles 5, forming below a bell-shaped tube. Sepals
5, smaller than the bracteoles, connate below. Petals 5, connate below,
exceeding the sepals, Staminal-tube antheriferous below the middle,
-toothed above. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, connate below and densely hairy,
free at the apex, stigmas large, globose, woolly ; ovules 2, collateral in
each cell ascending. Fruit not seen.

l. J. angustifolia, Thwaites Enum. 30; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen. t. Hi. Kydia angustifolia, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 4 (322).

Certon; south of the island, not uncommon, Thwaites.

„A low tree. Leaves 5-8 by 14-3 in., paler beneath ; petiole ł-3 in. Flowers } in.
lam. Corolla pale yellow with a reddish centre. Pollen-grains globose, muricate.

10. DICELLOSTYLES, Benth.

Trees, more or less covered with stellate down. Leaves simple or slightly
lobed. Inflorescence panicled; bracteoles 4—6, lanceolate, connate at the
base, longer than the calyx. Seals 5, ovate, connate below the middle, in-
rally provided at the base with a ring of fleshy tubercles. Petals oblong,
isymmetrical, connate at the base. Filaments many, connate at the very
lo: Ovary 2-4-celled ; styles 2, connate below the middle, stigmas large
globose ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, ascending. Capsule globose, hispid,
‘lobed, splitting into 2 (or more) indehiscent cocci. Seeds solitary, reniform,
Indi en fleshy ; cotyledons folded.—DisrRrs. So far'as known, exclusively
n.

u

» D. jujubifolia, Benth. in Gen. PI. i. 207 ; flowers panicled, bracteoles
t soud lanceolate. Kydia jujubifolia, Grif. Motu, iv. 534, Jc. Pl. Asiat.

Easrenn Tropica Hiwaraya; Sikkim and Bhotan Mts., Griffith, &c. ‘ed
rou dre. aves 3 by 2 in., ovate-acute, or ovate-lanceolate, entire or obscurely lobe ,
nded at the base, glabrous above, closely felted beneath, 5-nerved, nerves convergent ;

Bre Vin, stellate-tomentose. Inflorescence panicled. Mature flower 14 in. diam.

ngoles oblong, many-ribbed. Sepals oblong, half the length of the bracteoles.
Petals oblong, obtuse, oblique, nearly As long as the bracteoles. Filaments 25-30, free

n . .
id to the base; anthers reniform, Ovary globose ; style cylindric below, branched

2

Kydi Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 3; Thwaites Enum. 401.
Cerio laris, Thavaites Enum. 30.
A tN; near Badulla, alt. 2000 ft., Thwaites.

wal? ` eaves 21-4} by 11-2 in., ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, paler, be-
: , Jeather-veined ; petiole 4—4} in.; stipules linear-lanceolate. 1-nerved, equa ing

Spem °. Peduncle about the length of the petiole. Bracteoles 1 by }-§ in. Calves

to the p-shap ed, 5-toothed, Stamens connate at the base into a short tube, a ver ent

the mip tvs Ovary 2.celled ; styles twice the length of the stamens, connate Delo

Middle, Fruit hispi d. ,

oblon axillaris, Benth, l.c. - flowers solitary axillary, bracteoles linear-

11. SENRA, Cav.
(By error Serræa, Serra, and Senræa.)
A down

Y undershrub. Z bicular, 3-lobed. Inflorescence axillary.
Bracteoles 3, large, membranous, feos. Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate below.

334 XXVI. MALVACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Senra.

Petals 5, combined below. Staminal-tube slightly 5-toothed, antheriferous
below the summit, Filaments numerous. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ;
styles 5, stigma capitate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, valves opposite
the sepals. Seeds reniform, ascending, 1 in each cell.

1. S. incana, Cav. Diss. ii. 83, t. 35, f. 3; Boiss. FI. Orient. i. 838 ; Mas.
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1.194. Serrzea incana, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4
iv. 70, t. 4; Wight Ic. t. 1592. S. rupestris, Edgew. Cat. Band. Pl. 441;
Dumreichera, Hochst. in Schimp. Pl. Abyss. exsicc. i

Sinpu, on rocks, Stocks, Vicary ; ? BANDA, Edgeworth—DisrRIB. Arabia, Abyssinia,
Nubia.

Leaves long-petioled, denticulate; stipules fugitive. Peduncles shorter than x^
petiole, ultimately deflexed. Bracteoles oval, cordate, membranous. Calyx beli-
shaped. Petals obovate, yellow or violet, exceeding the calyx, shorter than the brac-
teoles. Seeds pilose and with black dots.—Varies in size of calyx and bracteoles.

12. HIBISCUS, Medik.

Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate, usually more or less palmately-
lobed. Inflorescence axillary. Bracteoles 5 or more, rarely fewer or 0, free,
or connate at the base. Calya 5-toothed or 5-fid, valvate, sometime
spathaceous and circumsciss. Petals 5, connate at the base with the stam
nal-tube. Staminal-tube truncate or 5-toothed at the summit ; filan
many ; anthers reniform, l-celled. Ovary 5-celled, cells opposite the sepä 8
each with 3 or more ovules ; styles 5, connate below, stigma capitate or ic
spathulate. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, sometimes with a separate p
carp, or with false dissepiments forming a spuriously 10-celled fruit. 5
glabrous, hairy or woolly.—Distrim, A genus of about 150 species, mos
abundant in the tropical regions of both hemispheres.

Sect. 1. Trionum, Medik. Calyx membranous, 5-cleft, ventricose.

1. H. Trionum, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 40. JE
vesicarius, Cav, Diss. iii, 171, t. 64, f. 9; W.& A. Prodr. i. 48; Dalz, & Gs.
Bomb. Fl. 19. H. dissectus, Wall. Cat. 2696.

Western Hraraya; Kashmir, Simla; Bexaar, Coxcax, SIxDu.— DISTRIB. S, Europe
and hotter parts of the Old World. ted

Annual, more or less pubescent. Lower leaves orbicular, undivided, upper ar in.
lobes obovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Bracteoles numerous, linear. lowers kn
diam., yellow with a purple spot. Caly with hispid green nerves. Capsule y
obtuse. Seeds glabrous.—Variable in pubescence, lobing of leaf, size of flower, ^

. t,
Sect. 2. Furcaria, DC. Calyx persistent, 5-cleft. Bracteoles distin’
forked at the apex, or provided with a leafy appendage.

prickles, stipules leafy broad ear-shaped. W. A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Rom
Ind. iii. 205 ; Wight Y t. 197 ; Can d s W t. 53, £1 ; Thwartes int
26; Wall. Cat. 1893, 1, 2, 3, D, E, F, G; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 20 ; 4 a
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 201; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 161. H. fure
Wall. Cat. 1896 C, not of Rowb,—Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 44. 21
Horrer PARTS OF INDIA, from Bengal to Penang, and CEYLoN.— DISTRIB. Trop
Asia, Africa, and Australia. . Leaves
A weak-stemmed trailing plant, covered with soft hairs and scattered prickles. ualling
long-petioled, roundish, deeply and palmately 3-5-fid, lobes serrate. Pi duncle eq

Hibiscus.) XXVI. mALtvAcEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 335

the petiole. Bracteoles linear, with a spathulate appendage. Flowers yellow, with a
dark centre. Capsule hairy, ovoid. Seeds downy.

3. H. furcatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51; Flor. Ind. iii. 204; shrubby,
perennial or annual, prickly, leaves 3—5-lobed, stipules lanceolate, peduncles
scattered, DC. Prodr. i. 449; Wall. Cat. 1896, 1, 2, A, B, D; W. & A.
Prodr. i. 48 ; Thwaites Enum. 926 ; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 19; Mast. in
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 201; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i pt. 2, 161. 1H. hispidis-
sinus, Grif. Motul. iv. 52. H. aculeatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 206. H. bifur-
catus, Roxb. ic. ined., not of Willd. or of Hort. Beng.

porrer PARTS of INDIA, from Brxear to CrvLox.—DisrRzs. Trop. and S. Africa,

Sla, &c.
_ Stem erect, covered with soft down and with scattered slender recurved prickles,
rising from a thickened coloured base. Leaves entire or 3-lobed, serrate, pubescent

neath, prickly along the nerves ; stipules oblong-lanceolate. Peduncles short. Brac-
teoles 10-12, linear, forked. Sepals bristle-pointed. Corolla yellow with a crimson
entre, 4in. diam. Capsule ovoid, pointed, as long as the calyx.

4 H. radiatus, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii. 209 ; perennial, prickly, leaves
deeply palmately divided, stipules linear, bracteoles 8-10 linear forked with
er without an appendage. Cav. Diss, iii. 150, t. 54, f. 2; DC. Prodr. i. 449 ;
W. € A. Prodr. i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1894 A, B; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Dat. i pt. 2, 161. H. Lindleii, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. t. 4; Wall.
Q: 1895, 1, 2, C; Bot. Reg. 1395, H. heptaphyllus, Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb.

i Tasa Mrs., Hk. f. $ T.; Sixxim, H. f.; Ava and Marrasan, Wallich.—Dis-
RIB, ava. , ,
Suffrutescent. Leaves 4-5 by 1 in., 3-5-lobed, lobes broadly lanceolate, serrate ;
Frio è armed, nearly as long as the blade. Flowers axillary, solitary, shortly peduncled.
racteoles not glandular. Sepals 5, not glandular. Corolla yellow with a crimson
Centre, or all purple. Fruit not seen.—The leaves are said to have an acid taste.

Secr. 3, Bombicella. Bracteoles distinct, entire, without appen-
dages, Calyx not distended. Seeds cottony or villous.

Š. H. hirtus, Z, . W. & A. Prodr. i. 51; shrubby, leaves ovate entire
or slightly 3-lobed glandular beneath, peduncles as long as the leaves,
Wilt spreading. Wight Ic. t. 41; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. phoeniceus,

Wid. (excl, syn, Linn.); DC. Prodr. i. 452, partly; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 194 ;

av. Diss. iii, t. 67, f. 2 (excl. f); Wall. Cat. 1904, B, C, D, E, F. H. rosa-
£ abarica, Ker, Bot, Reg. t. 337.—Rheede Hort, Mal. x. t. 1; Pluk, t. 254,

Sorti- W psg Provinces, Peshawur, Jacquemont, Stewart; Concan, Stocks; WESTERN
y SSULA, often culti d.—D J Nig .
Lear. Cultivated. —Disrris. Java, Miq. f I serrate hairy
ith 2.45 3 by 2 in, ovate, acuminate, lower often cordate and 3-lobed, y,

With a lar h 3" ; in the young leaves

i "Ee gland on the under side of the midrib, serratures in young leave
bustle pointed ; petiole 2 in., hairy; stipules linear, r in. Peduncle axillary, jointed
: Bracteoles 5-7, subulate, shorter than the linear-lanceo » e ppa.
4 in. diam., pink or white, spreading. Anthers whorled. Capsule g ,

he calyx. Seeds cottony.

6. H. micranth ; js. Hi f. 1; scabrid, leaves ovate
S, Linn. ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 66, 1. ,

glandless, peduncles pu Li; or lon ger than the leaves, corolla refiozed.

Gil, poi. L 453; W. d A. Prodr. i. 51, Thwaites Enum. 307 Dan e

Suy, Bomb. Fl. 90; Mast. in Oliv. FL Trop. Afr. i. 905. H rigidus, f

“Ppl. 310; Roxb, p; Ind. Vii 195; Wall. Cat. 1905 B, C, D, E. H. clan-

336 XXVI. MALVACEX,. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Hibiscus.

destinus, Cav. Ic. i. t.2. H. suborbiculatus, Wall. Cat. 1906. H. ovalifo-
lius, Vahl Symb. i. 50 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 839. i

Horrer Parts OF INDIA, from the North West provinces eastward and southward
to CEvrox.—DisrRIB. Tropical Africa, Arabia, &c. .

Shrubby, with slender rod-like spreading branches, thinly covered with dam
bristles. Leaves 1-1 in., ovate or oblong, quite entire or serrate, rough with bristly
hairs; petiole very short. Peduncles axillary, as long or longer than the leaves.
Bracteoles linear, shorter than the calyx. Flowers white or pink, š 1n. diam. Sepa
lanceolate. Corolla reflexed. — Anthers whorled. Capsule globose. Seeds cottony
Variable; Roxburgh suspects that it may be specifically identical with H. hirtus. ` ë
green capsules of both are eaten by children. The form called suborbiculatus has
roundish serrated leaves, but is otherwise not different.

7. H. scindicus, Stocks in Hook. Ic. Plant. t. 802 ; a hoary undershrub,
leaves glandular, cuneate at the base, petals convolute. Boiss. Flor. Orient.
1, 839.

Sinpu, Stocks.—Disrris. Beluchistan. NE

A much branched tortuous and subspinous undershrub. Leaves snbsessile, thinly
bestrewn with stellate hairs, retuse, toothed; stipules subulate. Peduncles axillary,
solitary, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles 6-8, linear-subulate. Sepals lines
lanceolate, connate at the base, longer than the bracteoles. Petals longer than t wj
calyx, twisted below into a tube. Anthers in a globose head. Ovary cells 2-ovuled.
Capsule globose. Seeds with long wool.

8. H. intermedius, 4. Kich. FI. Abyss. i. 50; annual, with reflexed
rickly hairs, leaves polymorphous glandless, peduncle shorter than the
ical Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop, Afr. i. 198, H. scandens, Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb.
. 20.
Sixpn, Stocks; coast of Karrvwan, Dalzell.—Disrnrs. Arabia, East tropical Africa.
A weak-stemmed annual, with a line of hairs along one side of the branches sh ung
in position at each joint. Leaves entire or irregularly toothed, usually deeply yi
parted ; lobes oblong, wedge-shaped at the base. Peduncle axillary, shorter than ee
petiole. Bracteoles strap-shaped, shorter than the calyx. Flowers 1 in. diam. ye ^
with a purple centre. Sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, connate at the base. Petals twice
the length of the calyx. Capsule beaked, hispid, valves slightly winged at the edges
Seeds black, covered with appressed shining hairs.

Secr. 4 Lagunea, Cav, (gen. Bracteoles small or 0. Seeds pilose
smooth, not cottony.

9. H. Solandra, L’ Her. Stirp. i. 103, t. 49; annual, herbaceous ei
palmately lobed or entire, peduncles as long as the petioles, seeds tubercled
Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii. 197, “Mast, in Oliv. FL. Trop. Afr. i. 206. H. puni
Roxb, FL Ind. iii. 203. H. albus, Wall. Cat. 1876 E. Lagunea lobe
Willd. ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 136; DO. Prodr. i. 474; Wall. Cat. 1876, A 9
W. d: A. Prodr. i. 55; Thwaites Enum. 27; Dalz. & (ibs. Bomb. Fl. d
Sida heterophylla and S. diversifolia, Spreng. ex W. d: A. Prodr. 1. 56, an
in Herb, Heyne. Solandra lobata, Murr. Comm. Goett, vi. t. 11 ; Cav., Due

Mantissa, i. 55; Lam. Ill. t. 580. Triguera acerifolia, Cav. Diss. t Ed
Lagunea sileniflora, Wall. Cat. 1882,

Horrer parts or Innia, from the N. W. provinces to Sikkim and from Kumaon aD

Birma to Ceylon.—Dısrtris. East tropical Africa. "

Erect, slightly villous. Lower leaves on long petioles, upper palmately lobed, kis al

most 3-fid. Peduncles 14 in., 1-flowered, jointed near the top, arranged in a ope

loose leafless raceme. Bracteoles linear, usually 0. Flower yellow, 4 in. diam. po

Mailt, 3-nerved, connate at the base, as long as the ovoid beaked capsule.
ish.

d

|

Hibiseus.| ^ xxvi. MALVACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 397

SEcT.5. Ketmia, DC. Bracteoles entire, free or connate at the base,
sometimes adnate to the calyx-tube. Calyx 5-cleft, not ventricose. Seeds
ry, not cottony.

* Bracteoles 5, free or connate at the base, not adnate to the calyx.

10. E. fragrans, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 195; arborescent, labrescent,
leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, flowers axillary and terminal, peduncle
shorter than the leaf, bracteoles ovate connate below. Wall. Cat. 1911 A.

Stuer, Roxbur h; Cacnan, Hk. f. & T.; Assam. . .
A small tree. Young leaves 3—4 by 3 in., pubescent, serrate; petiole 2} in. Pedun- .
cles axillary, panicled, 2-3 in., jointed near the top. Sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, connate
low, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 24 in. diam., white, fragrant. Capsule

M, cylindric, downy, longer than the persistent calyx. Seeds covered with long white
airs,

ll. H. canescens, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2698 ; shrubby, leaves acutely
lobed, upper simple tomentose beneath, peduncles axillary shorter than the
petiole, bracteoles linear-subulate longer than the calyx. W. £ A. Prodr.i.
49; H. septemnervosus, Wight in Wall. Cat. 2693. H. borbonicus, Wight in
Wall. Cat. 2694, not of Link.

Western PesinsuLa ; Mysore, and the Carnatic. . d:

Stem not prickly. Leaves 34 by 3 in., roundish, cordate, minutely toothed, 7-nerved ;
petiole 3 in. Stipule 1in., setaceous. Peduncle 3 in, angular. Bracteoles 1 in.,
striated. Sepals ovate, acute, 3-nerved. Corolla yellow with a pink centre. Capsule
14 in, twice the length of the calyx, oblong, pointed, villous. Seeds downy.

12. H. scandens, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 51; Flor. Ind. iii. 200; (not of Wall.) ;
scandent, pubescent, leaves cordate-ovate sometimes lobed, flowers numerous
Ih terminal panicles, bracteoles ovate acute connate below the middle.

all. Cat. 1910, 1910 B.

Troptcar Eastern HIMALAYA and EASTERN Beneat, from Sikkim to Chittagong.
shrub climbing over lofty trees. Young shoots thinly stellate-tomentose. over
] y 2-5 in., ovate-acuminate, dentate, sometimes 3-angled or 3-lobed, Pine
Anceolate ; petiole 1 in. pilose. Stipules linear-lanceolate, deciduous. Pedune slin.;
. Werbuds globose. Flowers 1} in. diam. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, slightly exceed-
Ing the bracteoles. Corolla twice the size of the calyx, white or yellow with a crimson
centre, Fruit not seen.

** Bracteoles more than 5, free or connate at the base, not adnate to the calyx.

i ; shrubby,
vil . macrophyllus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51; arborescent or shrubby

leaves entire orbicular cordate rarely lobed hispid, bracteoles large
Spathaceous deciduous, flowers in terminal cymes. Wall. PL As. Har. i. 44,
91, Wall, Cat. 1903, H. setosus, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 194. H. vestitus,

"f. Notul, iv. 519, —— i
Mergui a DENGAL and the EASTERN PENINSULA, from Silhet and Chittagong to
nd Penang. i í
tree or shrub more or less covered with brown, villous, often tufted hairs. Leaves
OR 1-9-nerved, very hairy on e wit surface; petiole 7-8 1m., longer m n.
owe Stipules large oblong, foliaceous, deciduous. Inflorescence terminal, arti i
wered, cymose ; pedicels 11-2 in., shaggy like the petioles with brows hairs, ni M"
connate °S fp and provided at the joint with two large spathaceous ca «qualline th
"hen below, Bracteoles 10-12, linear, 1 in., connate at the very rate h " 0-ribbed
tul * Sepals 5, lanceolate, connate below the middle into a hart as lon as the

4 in. diam., purple. Capsule oblong, pointed, hispid, as long
e

OL. ^ calyx. Seeds densely bearded with long silky fulvous hairs. ;

338 XXVI, MALVACEZX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Hibiseus.

14, H. collinus, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 51; Flor. Ind. iii. 198 ; eho
leaves lobed, peduncles axillary shorter than the leaves, brac eo eB B.
oblong wavy free. Wall. Cat. 1908 E. H. æstuans, Wa 2 lus
H. asperatus, Wall. Cat. 1908 C. H. acerifolius, DC. Prodr. 1. S own 9.
carpus, DC. Prodr.i. 452; W. A. Prodr. i. 51; Thwaites Lines "i
Hibiscus simplex, Hoxb. Hort. Beng. 51; G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 490 ; M.
Prodr.i.51. Pavonia acerifolia, Lk. & Otto. Ic. Pl. Select. x. t. 1.

Wesrern PExiNsULA; in the Concan, Circars, and Coromandel ; CEYLON. a.lobed:

Stem without prickles. Leaves 4in., glabrous or thinly hairy, cordate, Stipules
lobes oblong, narrowed at the base, acuminate, margin wavy ; petiole 2 b» re obong,
setaceous. Peduncle 2in. Bracteole $ in., nearly equal to the calyx. pa ape
lanceolate, I nerved. Corolla 2-3 in. diam., pink with a dark centre; c aw tob
hairy. Staminal-tube antheriferous all the way down; anthers whorle . up
4 in., orbicular, depressed, densely hispid. Seeds spherical, glabrescent.

15. H. lunariifolius, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 451 ; herbaceous, perennial
clothed with appressed hairs, leaves angled or lobed, cannes very a ü
forming a terminal leafless raceme, bracteoles 5-10 lanceo ate. c —""
the base W. &. A. Prodr.i. 49; Wight Ic. t. 6; Thwaites a pu
Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 202; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, Ie Prodr,
riens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 196 ; Wall. Cat. 1892 ; È Á. Prodr.
i. 448. H. racemosus, Lindl, Bot. Reg. t. 917. H. sidoides, W. .

1. 494, . ait
Western PENINSULA, in the Carnatic and Mysore; Binwa, Wallich; CEYLON.
Disrrie. Tropical Africa. . + 1 cordate,

Stem covered with rigid pungent hairs. Leaves about 3 in. diam., roundish gre
slightly and acutely 3-5-lobed, serrate, hairy beneath; petiole as long or ve hairy.
the blade. Stipules subulate. Peduncles thickened below the flow er, dd lx
Flowers 4 iu. diam., yellow, with a dark centre. Bracteoles longer t "^ way down.
Sepals linear. Corolla convolute. Staminal-tube antheriferous all the y
Capsule ovoid, beaked, clothed with pungent hairs. Seeds kidney-shaped.

. or
16. H. pandureformis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 151, t. 47, f n anm n
perennial, without prickles, densely clothed with sticky hairs, oath
angular tomentose, peduncles very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear spy
free. W. & A. Prodr. i. 50; Thwaites Enum. 26 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 51 . Fl.
20. H. tubulosus, Cav. Diss, iii. 161, t. 68, f. 2; Roxb. Hort. Po n 4 Ba.
Ind, iii. 196; DC. Prodr. i. 447 ; Wall, Cat. 1902 E, G ; Mog. l tinus, DC.
i. pt. 2, 157. H. setosus, Wall. Cat. 1902 (not of Roxb.). H. velutinus,
Prodr. i. 452. f i
Hotter parts of India, from the Norra-West provinces to Biema and CEYLO
Disp. ‘lropical Atrica and Australia. row ; petiole
Leaves tomentose, hispid, whitish beneath, slightly 5-lobed, upper “Peduncles 3 in,
about 2 in., shorter than the blade. Stipules linear, divided, deciduous. N the calyx.
axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Bracteoles shorter t ith a purple
Sepals lanceolate, counate below into a cup-shaped tube. Petals y low i ubescent oF
centre or all purple. Filaments few. Capsule ovoid, very hairy. Seeds p
glabrous. «nial, villous,
,, 17. E. vitifolius, Z.; DC. Prodr. i, 450; annual or bienni 7" Tnd. ii
leaves 3-5-lobed, bracteoles 8-12 free, capsule 5-winged. Roxb. + 68, f. 9
200; Wall. Cat. 1899, 1, 2, 3, and E, F, G; Cav. Diss, iii. 145, t 9» "gg,
W. & A. Prodr. i 50; Thwaites Enum. 26; Dalz. & Gibs. B Prodr. 16
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,160. H. obtusifolius, Willd. ; DC. Ind. iii. W.
Wal. Cat. 1899 D. H. truncatus, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 51; Flor. Cat anda
H. serratus, Wall. Cat. 1900, 1, 2 H. cuspidatus, Ldgew. E
Pi. 44.— lheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 46,

—— — — . —— a

Hibiscus] ^ xxvi. MALVACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 339

Hotter parts of India, from the Norra-Wesr provinces to Cevrox.— Drernis.
pical Africa and Australia. p" bed
Herbaceous. Leaves tomentose on both sides, cordate, roundish or angled, 3-5.lo ed,
lobes oblong lanceolate, coarsely serrate, lower 4 in. ; petiole 24 in. Peduncles solitary,
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petiole, jointed in the middle, often aggregate 1 at
the ends of the branches. Practeoles linear, shorter than the bell-shaped 5-cleft ca " x.
pals lanceolate, 3-ó-nerved, connate below the middle. Petals yellow NE a
purple spot, twice or thrice longer than the sepals. Anthers regularly arrange a ne
the whole length of the staminal tube. Capsule beaked, hairy, shorter than the calyx,
valves winged at the edge. Seeds tubercled.— H. truncatus, Roxb., is a variety
with much smaller parts.

18. H. procerus, Wall, Cat. 2692 ; perennial, prickly, leaves glabrous
deeply 5-7-parted, bracteoles 8-10 free linear covered with tawny tomentum,
sepals lanceolate bristly, corolla large.

Brua, Wallich. . .

Prickles of stem conical, with a whitish base. Leaves 8 by 5 in., roundish, deeply
3-7-9-parted, lobes lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, midrib prickly, upper caves E pa >,
Uppermost lanceolate ; petiole 1-2 in., lower 4 in. Stipules 4 m, linear, pi Md calyx

uncles | in, aggregated at the ends of the branches and with the bree? es T ink
clothed with tawny tomentum. Sepals 4 in. Corolla 6 in. diam., pin Mn i
centre. Capsule ovoid, pointed, shorter than the sepals. Seeds black, tubercled.

. ial

19. H. cannabinus, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 450; annual or perennial,
rickly, stem glabrous, lower leaves entire upper lobed, mid-nerve gland ilar
eneath, peduncle very short, bracteoles 7-10 linear, shorter than the P y ;
sepals glandular, Cav, Diss. iii. 148, t. 52, f. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 8 5
or. PL. i t. 190; Wall, Cat. 18981; W. d A. Prodr. i, 50 ; Thwaites } mum,
26; Dale. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20. H. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 2695 aud 1898.

pa cenerally cultivated; apparently wild East of the Northern Ghauts—Disrais. Culti-

oc ID most tropical countries. °

Stem glabrous, prickly. Lower leaves cordate, upper deeply palmately lobed, lobes
harTow, serrate; petiole prickly, lower much longer than the blade. Stipe 1 «the
Pointed, Peduncles axillar very short. Sepals bristly, lanceolate, connata e um °
middle, with a gland at the back of each. Corolla large, spreading, ye Oe nein
crimson centre, Capsule globose, pointed, bristly. Seeds nearly glabrous bana
Agreeably acid. The stems furnish fibre.—The specimen of H. Wightianss 1 aves are
satai is imperfect, but it is doubtless referable to this species; its le

e.

20. H, diversifolius, Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 551; perennial, ed P Tous
cent covered with short stout conical prickles, leaves ong petiolo the length
roundish or angular 3-5-lobed bracteoles 10 linear very bristly ne he % 381;
of the calyx. Roxb, Fl. Ind. jii. 208 ; DC. Prodr. 1. 4491; Bot, Reg, t. 381 ;

tbt. in Oii ri Wall. Cat. 1894 C, ard
1897, 189 Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 198. H. scaber,

RMA, Wallich. —Dis i frica and Australia.

A tall herb or naarn, n iral porn petioles and nerves of n MM
be ard conica] prickles, ' Leaves variable, usually cordate, roundish, tly axillary,
rag macte, Upper nearly entire, lanceolate. Peduncles very iik rine T mes the
si s nose. pals linear-lauceolate, bristly not glandular. Coro lab ent, Seeds
im Ç the calyx. Capsule ovoid, pointed, hispid, ultimately gla is grown in the
C i. — e Specimens from Birma do not materially differ from thos 8 a
cutta garden. I refer to De Candolle’s plant with doubt, as he gives as a synon)
neus of Cay., quite a different plant.

2l. H; Gibsoni, Stocks mss. ; an undershrub, branches bristly or with
Minute p , . 32

i isi ger the
Tickles, leaves deeply palmately divided, peduncle longer than

340 XXVI. MALVACEZX, (Maxwell T. Masters.) -> [Hibiseus.

leaves, bracteoles free linear prickly curving over the calyx. H. penta-
phyllus, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Aust. ix. 13; Mast. in Oliv, Flor. Trop.
Afr. i. 198 (not of Roxb.). .
The PANJAB, Drccaw, Cowcaw, and SINDH, Stocks, &c.—Disrrie. Affghanistan,
Sonth tropical Africa, North Australia. h E
Leaves 1-3 in., oblong-lanceolate, serrate, glabrous or with numerous forked i
petiole as long as the blade. Peduncles solitary, axillary. Bracteoles longer than : »
calyx. Sepals lanceolate, 5-nerved, connate below into a bell-shaped tube. Coro
twice the length of the bracts, yellow with a purple centre, or all purple. Stari
tube half covered with anthers. Capsule ovoid, pointed ; valves setose. Seeds pilose.

22. H. punctatus, Dal] in Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 20 (1861);
annual, stellately pubescent and glutinous, leaves ovate more or lan
3-lobed, peduncle as long as the petiole, bracteoles 8-10 linear, shorter than
the calyx connate at the base, petals scarcely exceeding the sepals.
laguneoides, Edgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 199 (1862).

Sixpn, Stocks; Moouran, Edgeworth. . lobed,
A lax branching annual. Leaves distant, rounded ovate, acute, entire or 3-0 i
lobes oblong, sinuate-dentate ; petiole 13 in., shorter than the blades. Stipules res e
subulate, Peđuncles 1-2 in., sub-panicled, jointed at the top. Calyx bell-shapet:
sepals deltoid, lanceolate, connate below the middle. Petals rose-coloured. Capsu
(Dane as long as the calyx. Seeds tubercled, black.—Yields good hemp

alzell).

*** Bracteoles adnate to the base of the calyx.

23. E. Sabdariffa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 453; annual, glabrous, unarmed
stem purplish, leaves entire or lobed glandular beneath, peduncles very § i
thickened at the summit, bracteoles 8-12 linear adnate to the base 158;
calyx, sepals bristly, W. € A. Prodr. i. 52; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, sd
Wall. Cat. 1909 ; Cav. Diss, iii, p. 170 ; vi. 351, t. 198, f. 1. 1H. sanguineus,
Griff. Not, iv. 520. Culti-

Generally cultivated in the hotter parts of India, and in CxvLox.—DisrIs. UU
vated in the Tropics. : in, Peduncle

Erect. Leaves polymorphous, midrib glandular beneath; petiole 2in. ¿é
solitary, axillary, shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles and calyx accrescent. 24 in.
deltoid, acuminate, connate below the middle into a purplish fleshy cup. Coro"? iform,
diam., yellow, Capsule ovoid, pointed, villous, shorter than the calyx. Seeds ren
sub-glabrous.—The Rozelle of India, and Red Sorrell of the W. Indies.

Sect. 6. Abelmoschus. Calyx elongate, spathaceous, circumsciss-
* Bracteoles 4-6, broad, leafy.

24. H. ficulneus, 7. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448; annual, prickly, leaves P
mately 3-5-lobed lobes glabrous narrowed at the base, bracteoles 5-6 tratus,
late villous fugacious, capsule ovoid, Wall. Cat. 2697 B. H. pro 206.
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 208. H. strictus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52; Flor. Ind, "Prodr.
H. sinuatus, Cav, Diss, iii. t. 52, f. 2. Abelmoschus ficulneus, W. & 2. 9. 152.

i. 53; Wight Ic. t. 1545 Thwaites Enum, 27 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. >
Lagunea aculeata, Cav, Diss, iii. t. 71, f. 1; DC. Prodr. i. 474.
Hotter parts of India, from the Norra-Wesr provinces and PANJAB t tura

, Cincans, and Concan (“Native of the southern provinces of the Peninsula, n2
elsewhere, W. & A. l.c"). rounded-

Branches shining, covered with small sharp tubercles. Young pec toothed ;
cordate, adult hispid, palmately lubed with wide sinuses, lobes unequally ous.
petiole 24-4 in., as long as the leaves, Stipules subulate, lanceolate, cadno 5, hispid
duncles half the length of the petioles, the upper in a leafless raceme. 7

o Bexaat, the

Hibiscus.) XXVI. MALVACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 341

connate for almost their whole length. Corolla 1 in. diam., white with a rosy centre.
Anthers equally distributed. Capsule tomentose, covered with viscid points when
green. Seeds globose, sulcate, slightly pilose.—Roxburgh calls special attention to the
fien of the fibre of this plant. His H. prostratus is a form with procumbent
ranches.

25. H. pungens, Zoxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 213; annual or
Perennial, bristly, petiole longer than the deeply-lobed leaves, lobes
oblong acuminate toothed, bracteoles 4-5 persistent oblong-lanceolate
acuminate, as long as the cuspidate hispid capsule. H. vestitus, Wall.
Cat, 1924 partly, Bamia pungens, Wall. Cat. 1924.

TroricaL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft.; Kuasra Mrs.

Stem erect, branches ascending, bristly and with scattered black dots. Leaves
5-8 in., cordate roundish, deeply palmately 7-lobed, lobes oblong acuminate, toothed,
ge ones 3-lobed ; petiole 8-10 in. Stipules broad lanceolate, upper linear-setaceous.

eduncles 1-2 in., racemose. Bracteoles 1 in., accrescent. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla
per with a purple centre, 5 in. diam. Column antheriferous throughout. Capsule

n,

H. Maxrnor Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 448 ; annual, subglabrous, leaves deeply
palmately-lobed, lobes linear-oblong coarsely toothed or lobulate, peduncles
tilexed, bracteoles 4-6 persistent ovate-lanceolate. Wall. Cat. 1926;
Fi, Diss. iii. 172, t. 63, f. 2. H. pentaphyllus, Aozb. Hort. Beng. 52 ;
lor. Ind. iii. 212 (not of F. Muell).
Naturalized in Bengal; introduced from China.
A tall almost glabrous herb. Leaves 5-6 by 6-7 in.; petiole nearly as long as the
rade, Stipules lanceolate. Peduncles 14 in., ultimately drooping. Flowers 5 in,
lam., yellow with a purple centre. Staminal-tube antheriferous all the way down.
psule oblong, pointed, hispid (5-seeded, Zozb.).

26. H. tetraphyllus, Rox), Hort. Beng. 52; Fl. Ind. iii, 211 ; annual
hispid and slightly prickly, leaves cordate very deeply 5-7-lobed lobes
nceolate crenate-toothed, bracteoles persistent broadly ovate lanceolate
equalling the cuspidate capsule. H. canaranus, Mig. Pl. Hohenack exsice.
B mia tetraphylla, Wall. Cat. 1925. ` Abelmoschus tetraphyllus, Grah, Cat.
oun’ 14. A. Warreensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ, Bot. iii. 123 ; Dalz. &
= Bomb. FI. 19. Erebennus canaranus, Alefeld in (Est. Bot. Zeit. 1863, 14.
ENGAL, near Calcutta, 7 ; Concan, and Canara, Gibson, &c.
Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves sq aiita AAY in. Stipules ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles
ap Axillary, and clustered at the ends of the branches. — Dracteoles 4-4 in. shorter
ds yx. Flowers 2 in. diam., yellow. Capsule ovate, 5-angled, hispid, 14 ‘he
I a mooth.—LDalzell, lc., says his “À. Warreensts differs from A. tetraphyllus in the
erent not deciduous bracteoles, but in most of the specimens the bracteoles are
"sistent. ere is great variation in foliage and pubescence.

3. H. an ickly, leaf-lobes ovate
.". angulosus, Mast., herbaceous, not prickly, |

acuminate, bracteoles fugacious, capsule ovoid pointed hispid as long as ri

a Abelmoschus angulosus, W. œ A. Prodr.i. 53; Wight. Ic. t. 9515 10.

hed Thwaites Enum. 26, Bamia angulosa, Wall. Cat. 1927 ; Hymenocalyx
ilis, Zenker ex Wight, Ll. p. 65.
ESTERN PENINSULA ; C Malabar, and Nilghirris Mts. ; CEvrow.
peti w about 4 in., pubescent above, tomentose below, cordate, | almately 5-lobed ;
oe 5-6 in. Peduncles not exceeding the petiole, densely hispid, on "Phe ing.
Corolla 5 į Trate, Calyx 14 in., ovate-lanceolate, hispid; sepals slightly cohering.
n, lam. :
sel; grandi i . petioles scabrous not hispid, corolla yellow,
seeds Subp) ee Thwaites Enum. 26 ; peti

942 XXVI. MALVACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Hibiseus.

Van. 2. purpureus, Thwaites, l.c.; petiole covered with rigid spreading hairs, corolla
purple, seeds globose.

28, E. hostilis, Wall. ms. ; annual, bristly, leaves large cordate angular
palmately 5-lobed lobes dentate, bracteoles 5-6 ovate-lanceolate, capsule
oblong-lanceolate setose. Bamia magnifica, Wall. Cat. 1919.

Birma, Wallich. . leaves

Erect, stem glabrescent. Leaves 10 by 8 in., lobes acute; petioles of lower ea °
10 in. Stipules ovate-lanceolate. Peduncle 2 in., dilated at apex. Bracteo 81i.
long as the capsule, shorter than the calyx. Flowers 6-8 in. diam. Capsule 2 m.
long, cuspidate.

** Bracteoles generally more than 5, linear.

29. H. Abelmoschus, L.; DU. Prodr. i. 452; annual, hispid, leaves
polymorphous base cordate hastate or sagittate with acute lobes, pedunc “a
as long as the petioles, bracteoles 6-12 linear much shorter than the
oblong-lanceolate setose glabrescent capsule. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 202; Gri ^
Not. iv. 521. Abelmoschus moschatus, Mench ; W. d: A. Prod. i. 53; Wigi .
Jc. t. 399 ; Wall. Cat. 1915, F, G, H, I, K, L; Thwaites Enum, 21; n 4
Fl. Ind. Bat.i. pt. 2,151. H. flavescens, Cav. Diss. iii. t. 70, f. 2; DC. l.c. 454.
H. spathaceus, Wall. Cat. 1913, 1913 A, 1915. H. ricinifolius, Wall. Cat. yos
H. chinensis, Wall. Cat. 16161 H. sagittifolius, Kurz. in Journ. As. DOC
Deng. 1871, il. p. 46—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 38. .

Through the hotter parts of India.—Drernrs. Cultivated in most tropical countries

Herbaceous, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves usually palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes $ ir^ "m
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, Stipules linear. Pedume P olla
equalling the petiole. Bracteoles 4-3 in. Calyx 1} in, oblong, 15-toothed. Cor te
4 in. diam., yellow with a crimson centre. Capsule 1-3 in. Seeds reniform, striate,
musky.—Very variable. The following forms may be distinguished :— + + cordate

Var. 1. multiformis, Bamia Sp. Wall. Cat. 1917; lower leaves roundish-coraat®,
upper oblong-sagittate, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Birma.

Var. 2. betulifolius, Bamia Sp. Wall. Cat. 1918; leaves orbicular-cordate, brac
longer than in the type.

teoles

30, H. rugosus, Mast. ; annual, hispid, bristly, leaves cordate 9

hastate 5-lobed lobes lanceolate serrate, peduncles racemose, bracteoles
setaceous, capsule ovoid hairy. H. hirtus, Buch. ex Roxb. Fi Ind. Y.

not of others, Bamia rugosa, Wall. Cat, 1923. Abelmoschus rugosus, ©
Prodr, i. 53.

Mysore, Hamilton; Madura hills, Wight. eo-

Stem erect, hispid not aculeate. "Leaves polymorphous, lower lobed, upper a
late, nearly entire; petiole nearly as long as the leaves. Stipules subulate. le 1 in;
teoles half the length of the capsule. Flowers yellow with a red centre. Caps

Tl = : . hus.
ovoid, 5-angled, hairy. Seeds numerous.—Perhaps not distinct from H. Abelmosc

31. H. cancellatus, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 51; FI. Ind. iii. 201; annual,
erect, very bristly, leaves cordate angled erenate, bracteoles 10-15 As.
filiform incurved hispid. Abelmoschus (Bamia) crinitus, Wall, Á dlej).
Rar. i. 39,t.44. A. racemosus, Wall. Cat. 1929 (not H. racemosus of Ln
Bamia cancellata and B. fusitormis, Wall. Cat. 1920, 1921.

; Nort- W EST PROVINCES, Falconer ; Kumaon, ascending to 4000 ft.; NEPAL,
on; Pegou. i

Root fusiform. Stem herbaceous, 2-3 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 3-5 in., cordato, round
obtusely 5-angled, crenate-toothed, sometimes lobed, upper sagittate ; gene’ of the
Stipules linear. Peduncles much shorter than the etiole, racemose at the enc
branches, each with 2 bracts at the base. — Bracteoles linear-setaceous, 14 in-

Hamil-

ee
-

Hoi
iseus.] XXVI. MALVACEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 343

4-5 in. diam w wi
. 4 yellow with a purpl
rowed. purple centre. Anthers scattered. Cap i i
divided le Seeds numerous, reniform.—The form called fusi ormi we a ve ovoid,
aves than the type. fusiformis has more deeply

H. ESCULEN . :
leaves cordate s b-lobad iat Prodr. i. 450; annual, hairy, not prickly.
than the petiole, b ed lobes oblong toothed scabrous, peduncle shorter
yramidal Cag’ practeoles 8-10 deciduous equalling the calyx, capsule
all. Cat. 2699 - vi m t. 61, f. 2. H. longifolius, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 210 ;
Prodr, i 63. MÀ | Prodr. i. 450. Abelmoschus esculentus, W. d A.
Callie eit Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 152. m
` ° rou t . . o .
cultivate d în all trop d india, probably originally native.—Disrgis. Naturalized or
herd covered with roug hai
or less brist] sred with rough hairs. Leaves coarsely toothed; peti i
late, P ve; y Stipules pubuiate. Peduncles about 1 in Bracteoles 1 ia neat ambn
Fruit 610 by Lin wit a crimson centre. Staminal-tube antheriferous throughout
airy.— Variable 3, Pyramidal-oblonzg, glabrescent, cells 5-8-seeded. Seeds striate,
m his H. Ing ifolias argh distinguishes the West Indian ‘“Ochro,” H. esculentus,
Plants are so Mid eh amt doen, not s ecify in what the difference consists, and the
s ; s difficult to the diff i
are used as pot herbs and for their dee perien, a to be specifo, Tho

SECT 7. P |
N . /. Pari
with false dissepimente Trees. Bracteoles connate at the base. Capsule

32. H.
roundish a tlaceus, L.; DO. Prodr. i. 454; arboreous, leaves cordate
HL 192; Miq FLY. y lobed glabrous above hoary beneath. Roxb. Fl. Ind.
Paritium tile nd. Dat. i. pt. 2, 153; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 4.
waites Eae m, W. & A. Prodr. i. 52; Wight Ic. t. 7; Wall. Cat. 1912 ;
. 26; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 523.

Coasts of bot
eres, usually nea the vost. ENGAL, and CrEvrLow.—Disris. Tropics of both hemi-
muc -br . .
acuminate mE tree.” Leaves 4-5 in. diam., leathery, roundish, crenulate, abruptly
m. Peduneles t , Sometimes glandular beneath; petiole 1-3 in. Stipules subulate
7-10, linear-lance erminal with stipule-like deciduous bracts at the base. Bracteoles
the bracteoles or lo ate, connate above the middle. Calyx 1 in., about the length of
Panulate with a wawa Sepals lanceolate, downy outside. Corolla 4 in. diam., cam-
“qpsule shorter thane centre. Staminal-tube 14 in., antheriferous all the way down.
Pose eds ron fae calyx, ovoid, pointed, spuriously 10-celled, 5-valved; valves
VAR, 1. to , y prose.
Hibiscus tortuosa P» crooked, branches twisted, capsule as long as the calyx.
Hort al. i. t. 30) (2b. Fl Ind. ii. 192; Wall. Cat. 1912 G, 1913 B;—Rheede,
tion of this as a distin herbarium specimens I can find nothing to warrant the sepa-
and capsule bein nct species, the form of leaf and relative length of the bracteoles
Very differe "n ject to variation; but in a native state and under cultivation they
33, H. fi
Pose on both wae Mast., arboreous, leaves cordate angled thinly stellate-
ube less than h surfaces, bracteoles connate into a bell-shaped 5-toothed
Mount Ophi alf the length of the calyx.
A tree, phir, Manacca, Maingay.
tomentnm, ad branches and outer surface of the calyx c
teduncleg tacemo, es 4-5 in. diam., obscurely 5-angled; petio
les deltoid at the terminal ; pedicels stout, 14 in. long, join
obi alf their length apex and somewhat recurved. Se als oblong-lanceolate,
ng-spathulate. v Corolla 3 in. diam., pink, twice the length of the calyx. Petals
ile oblong ten fenoeo-striate, stellate-pilose on the outside. Staminal-tube pilose.
to H "fe cate, shorter than the calyx, downy on the outside. Seeds cottony.
rrugineus, DC., of Madagascar.

overed with rusty floccose,
le shorter than the blade.
ted near the base ; brac-
united

944 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Hibiseus.

. . eee . leaves

H. TRICUSPIS, Banks in Cav. Diss iii. t. 55, f. 2; arboreous,
3-lobed glandular beneath. DC, Prodr. i. 453 ; Roxb. Fl. Iud. s 203 ;
Wall. Cat. 1914 B. Paritiumr tricuspe, Z. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485; W. © 4
Prodr. 1. 52. cr xl

Cultivated in Norra-Wesr INDrA and Bexear (introduced from the Society 156
Roxburgh). ;

T ree, herbaceous portions covered with stellate white down. Leaves 4-5 by te
glabrescent above, hoary-pubescent beneath, base cuneate or cordate, lobes MEER,
slightly lobed; petiole 24-3 in. Stipules ovate. Peduncles terminal, rac *
Bracteoles deciduous, ovate, leafy, half the length of the linear-lanceolate sopa escribes
rolla yellow with a purple base. Capsule spuriously 10-celled.—Roxburg
calyx and epicalyx as ten-parted, but this is probably an error.

H. rosa SINENSIS, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 448; shrubby, leaves oe ie
minate nearly glabrous, peduncles axillary, as long or longer t 9 12;
adjoining leaf, staminal tube exceeding the corolla. Cav. Doss. 11. dri 49:
Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii, 194; Wall. Cat. 1890 B to F.; W. & A Prodr, L $i
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 156.—Rheede, Hort. Mal. ii. t. 17, and V. t

Cultivated in gardens throughout India. at

Stem woody, branched, not prickly. Leaves entire at the base, coarsely toothed ed
the apex. Stipules ensiform. Bracteoles 6, 7, linear, half the length of the diam., re
calyx. Sepals 3 in, lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla 3 1n. differing in
Capsule roundish, many-seeded (Loureiro)—There are numerous liebe h says it is
colour, duplication, &c. The flowers are used to black shoes. Rox ji ott suggest
wild in Hindostan, but I have seen no wild specimens. Wight and moti ei
that the plant should be placed in section Bombicella, but the seeds are
and the habit is more that of the section Ketmia. . ript names

There is a plant in herbaria from Griffith and others, to which the maneo ib appears
of H. liliiflorus (not of DC.), and of H. Arnotti (not of Gray), are attaches. lant intro-
identical with Wallich's 1890 D, described in Wall. Cat. l.c. as a hybri P sinensis.
duced to the Calcutta garden from Mauritius and said to be a form of H. ros

H. MUTABILIS, L.; DC. Prodr. i, 452; arborescent, leaves, aor
5-angled, peduncles axillary nearly as long as the leaf, bracteotes W.
nearly distinct. Cav. Diss, iii, t. 62, f. 1; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 201; t, 2, 158.
Prodr. i. 51; Wall. Cat. 1907, 1, 2, 3, D to G ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1. pt. 5
H. exstuans, Rottler in Herb.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. 38-42.

Cultivated in gardens, native of China (Roxburgh). . petiole 3 in.

A small tree without prickles. LM 4 in. dn. cordate, toothed ; ps 34
Peduncle 4-5 in., jointed near the top. Bracts shorter than the calyx. hite or pin
in.diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, connate below the middle. Corolla, Wane d, hairy.
on first opening in the morning, deep red by night. Capsule globose, Ha Martaban,
Seeds reniform, hispid.—In Dr. Brandis’ herbarium there is a specimen from ecimens 9
labelled JT. venustus, Blume (Bijdr. 71), which differs from the Indian SPP more-
H. mutabilis in its more tomentose pubescence and hirsute seeds ; Blume? 4 lants.
over, is said to have 5 bracteoles, but there are more than 5 in the Martaba P

. vate
H. syriacus, L.; DC, Prodr. i. 448; shrubby, leaves cuneiform linear
3-lobed dentate, peduncle axillary as long as the petiole, brac 7 nd, iii
half the length of the calyx. Cav. Diss. iii. t. 69, f. 1; Jtozb. d mbifolius,
195; Wall. Cat. 1891 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 157. H. rho
Cav. Diss. t. 69, ex Roxb.

Tspesia.] XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 945

13. THESPESIA, Corr.

Tall trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or lobed. Inflorescence axillary.

racteoles 5-8, arising from the thickened end of the peduncle, deciduous.
Calyx truncate, minutely 5-toothed or 5-parted. Corolla convolute. Staminal-
tube 5-toothed at the apex. Ovary 4-5-celled ; style club-shaped, 5-furrowed,
entire or 5-toothed ; ovules few in each cell, Capsule loculicidal or scarcely

escent. Seeds glabrous or tomentose ; cotyledons conduplicate, black-

otted.—A genus of few species, natives of tropical Asia, Madagascar, and
the islands of the Pacific.

L T. Lampas, Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. FI. 19 ; subarboreous, herbaceous
Portions downy, leaves palmately lobed. Hibiscus Lampas, Cav, Diss, iii.
19 t. 56, f. 2; DC. Prodr. i. 447 ; Roxb. Fl Ind. iii. 197 ; Wight Ic. t. 5;
V. A, Prodr, i. 48 ; Wall. Cat. 1889, 1 to 4& E to I. Thwaites Enum. 26 ;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,153. H. tetralocularis, Roxb. FL. Ind. iii. 198.
~zinza Lampas, Alefeld in Bot. Zeit. 1861, 297. H. gangeticus, Row. Ic.
med. and Heyne in H erb. Paritium gangeticum, Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 485.

Trorican Him ALAYA, alt. 14000 ft., from Kumaon eastwards ; BENGAL, the WESTERN
PUNSULA, Brea, and CEYLON —DISTRIB. Java, East Tropical Africa. :
Arborescent, not prickly, Leaves 5 in. diam., cordate, 3-lobed, lobes spreading, acu-
minate, sparingly stellate, pilose above, tomentose beneath, midrib with a glandular

Te at the base beneath ; petioles 24 in. downy. Stipules subulate. Peduneles axil-
ary or terminal, panicled, 3-flowered. Bracteoles 4-8, subulate, deciduous. Calyx of
Š subulate sepals connate below the middle. Corolla campanulate, yellow with, à
rimgon centre, Capsule ovoid, pointed, villous, 5- rarely 4-valved, valves hispid gla-
"escent. Seeds glabrescent.

[s

AT p opulnea, Corr. in Ann. Mus. ix. p. 290 ; arboreous, herbaceous
pons Covered with peltate scales, leaves entire ovate acute or acuminate,
Wijs os li. 152, t. 56, f. 1; DC. Prodr. i. 456; W. & A. Prodr. isi

mh Bites Thwaites Enum. 27 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 63; Dalz. d Gis
inm. Fl. 18; Wail. Cat. 1888, 1, 2, & C to H. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,
H^ Hibiscus populneus, Z.; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51; Flor. Ind. ii. 190.
t. P ulneoides, Roxb. Lc. Malvaviscus populneus, Gertn. Pru ii. E»
i 29. Azanza acuminata, Alefeld Bot. Zeit. 1861, 299.— Rheede Hort. |

; pee I's hores of Benear, CevLon, and both PexixsuLAs.—DisrRs. Tropical Asia,
“ahe islands, and Africa. . .
— all tree. Leaves 3 in. diam., cordate, roundish, acuminate, quite entire, 57.
axilla ; With a glandular pore beneath between the nerves; petiole 2 in. ipd
nous, a shorter than the petiole. Bracteoles obsolete or 5, oblong- anceolate, deo
tube N as long as the cup-shaped 5-toothed calyx. Corolla 2-3 in. diam. e caly
ultim vated at the top; filaments ascending. Capsule 14 in., oblong, epre st ened
y Ro t glabrescent. Seeds pilose or powdery on the surface.— The characters a: med
oxburgh to Hiliseus populneoides are not sufficient, as on the same specimen a ute
capsule te, glandular and clandless leaves may be seen, and the c m tor capsule
in e iw A equally invalid. Roxburgh describes the integument o he cape
valves! ou neoides as double, “ the exterior one, which is fragile and composec ne
i remark ns from the apex spontaneously when ripe, exposing the inner kn Mi
able " abiy strong, tough, reticulated with fibres and not opening wi hout consid
broken by’ Whereas in 77. populneus the integument “is single, an
Y the pressure of the thumb and finger.”

946 XXVI. MALVACEZX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Gossypium.

14. GOSSYPIUM, Linn.

Herbs shrubs or low trees. Leaves palmately lobed. Peduncles axillary,
1-tlowered, jointed. Flowers large, yellow with, or rarely without, a crimson
centre, or all purplish. Bracteoles 3, large, leafy, cordate, sprinkled like the
calyx with black glandular dots. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate or slightly
5-toothed. Petals convolute or spreading. Staminal-tube as in Hilnscus.
Ovary 5-celled ; style clavate, 5-grooved at the apex with five stigmas;
ovules many in each cell. Capsule loculicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds densely
clothed with woolly hairs; cotyledons leafy, plicate, sprinkled with black
dots.— DisTRIB. Tropics of the Old and New World.

The very numerous forms of this genus are distributed by cultivation throughout the
hotter regions of the globe. Their synonymy is extremely complicated, and has bafiled
the attempts of many authors, Wight and Arnott greatly added to the confusion by
their attempts to reduce all the varieties to two species, G. album and G. mgrum.
Speaking broadly, it is not difficult to recognise the followiug forms. G. Stocksit 18

wild in Sindh, and may be the primitive form of the cultivated states of G. herbaceum.

1. G. Stocksii, Mast, ; shrubby, branching, leaves palmately 3-5-lobed
lobes glabrous oblong obtuse, bracteoles deeply laciniate, segments inear
lanceolate, cotton yellow adherent to the seeds and with no felted down

eneath.

Limestone rocks on the coasts of Sinna, truly wild, Stocks; Dalzell. —

Branches straggling, diffuse. Leaves small, rounded with five roundish or obtase
lobes. Flowers small, yellow. Capsule ovoid. Cotton not separable from the seed.—
It seems probable that this may be the wild form of the plant cultivated as G. her 1
ceum, and therefore the parent type of all the forms of Indian cotton. , Dalzell this
Gibson (Bomb. Fl. 21) apparently confound Roxburgh’s G. obtusifolium with ‘he
plant, which they say is found all over limestone rocks of the Sindh coast, though m
description they give does not apply to this, but to the cultivated form of 6 Mn
just alluded to. Stocks, indeed, remarks, that in cultivation the leaves of this Piel
assume the appearance of those of G. herbaceum. Roxburgh’s G. obtusifolium, Y g
he says is a native of Ceylon, appears, moreover, from his drawing to be 4 orm
G. herbaceum. Thwaites does not mention any species as native of Ceylon.

G. HERBACEUM, L.; DO. Prodr. à. 456; annual or perennial, hany 4
subglabrous, leaf-lobes broadly ovate acuminate, flowers yellow wit)
purple centre rarely wholly yellow or white or purple, petals spr ly so,
bracteoles not divided below the middle, sometimes entire or nearly ish
cotton white or brownish, adherent to the seeds, overlying a grey or fo ll
t. 23, f. 1 ; Wall. Cat. 1880 ; Cav. Diss, vi. 310, t. 164, f. 2 ; Parlatore m.
Coton, P. 31, t. 2; Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 212. G. indicum, ; 54.
Encycl. Xi. 134; DC. Prodr. i. 456. G. album, W. & A. Prodr, ‘Hort

Cultivated ; furnishing the varieties of Indian cotton, such as Dacca and perth a few

Capsule ovate, globose, mucronate, 3-5-valved. Seeds 5-7 in each cell, ovoid; C?
white, rarely yellowish, overlying a greenish or greyish down.

Cosypium.] XXVI. MALVACER, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 947

Van. 1. obtusifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 183 (sp.) ; shrubby, much branched, leaves
3-5-lobed, lobes ovate entire, stipules falcate, bracteoles nearly entire, Wall. Cat. 1880,
tn part. China cotton, Roxb. Lc. 185?—This is the form found in Ava by Griffith,
Jonrnals, p. 147.

AR. 2. hirsutum, L. (sp.) ; hairy or hispid, foliage of G. herbaceum, but leaf-lobes
usually less rounded and more elongate, bracteoles deeply gasbed as in G. barbadense,
p yellow without a crimson spot, cotton white with underlying greenish or grey down.

: hirsutum, L.; Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 187; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; Wall. Cat. 1880, in part ;
Boyle Tu, l, p. 100; Parlatore Sp. Cot. 42, tab. 5.—Yields Upland Georgian Cotton.

AR. 3. religiosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185 (sp.); leaves hairy or subglabrous, with

ve triangular acute lobes, stipules cordate acuminate, bracteoles deeply laciniate,
Petals entirely yellow, seeds covered with firmly adherent short tawny down and long
Wool of the same colour, G. religiosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 185; Cav. Diss. t. 164, f. 1;

all, Cat. 1885, M; ? of Linnzus and others.—Yields Nankeen Cotton.

AR. vitifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 186 ‘sp.), not of others; sub-arboreous,

rk purple and hairy, leaves 3-5-lobed, lobes triangular acuminate, capsules oblong,
seeds clothed with firmly adhering short greenish-grey down under the long fine white
weol.—I have not been able to identify this variety, but it is evidently a form of G.

m. The G. vitifolium of Roxburgh’s drawings is a different plant.

| G. BARBADENSE, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. L 456; herbaceous or shrubby,
“aves nearly glabrous cordate 3-5-lobed lobes oblong acuminate, bracteoles
very large deeply gashed, petals convolute, yellow with a crimson spot,
Capsule oval acuminate, seeds black, free or coherent, covered with readily
separable white or brownish cotton. Hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 187 ; Wight Hí.
197 A and B: G. nigrum (in part), W. & A. Prodr. i, 54; Wall. Cat.
375, D, E, G, H; Royle III. p. 100, Cult. of Cotton, t. 3; Parlatore Sp. Cot.
$t HL; Mast, in Oliv, FI, T'rop. Afr. i. 210. .
Cultivated ; Yields the American varieties known as Barbadoes, Bourbon, Sea-island,
IN Orleans, &c., Cottons,
A shrub or tail herb, herbaceous portions glabrescent, sprinkled with black dots,
Sates purplish. Leaves 1-glandular, deeply 3-5-lobed, lobes tapering, npr
š Inear-lanceolate. Peduncle thick, often glandular at the apex. Ovary ovoid,
Pitted, 3-5-celled, ; barbo
Ak, acuminatum, Roxb. Hort. Ben . 51; Fl, Ind. iii. 186 (sp.); sub-arboreous,
X 3~5-lob d, lobes oblong-lanceolate acuminate, flowers yellow with a crimson spot,
p * spreading, seeds black covered with easily separable white wool and adhering
MY to eac other. Wight IU. t. 27; Royle TL i.p. 98; Cult. Cott. t. 3, f. 5. Ic.
Pruvianum, Cav.; DE. Prodr. ìi. 456." G. vitifolium, Lam. Encyl. ii. 135; Roxb. fe.
tore g 7 Í Fl. Ind. ; Cav. Diss t. 166; Wall. Cat. 1875,F. G. religiosum, P. arta-
Bra i di Cott. 55, t.'4 (not of authors).—Yields the varieties known as Peruvian,
sul "an, Kidney Cotton, &c. "The plant is usually larger in foliage, flower, and cap-
° than the ot er varieties,

; ARBOREUM, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 456 ; arborescent or shrubby, leaves
pay glabrous, deeply palmately 5-7-lobed lobes linear-oblong, flowers
P 5 D pately white, bracteoles nearly entire, cotton not readily separa le
Wal ¢s seed. Roxb. F}. Ind. iii. 183 ; Wight Ic. t. 10; Royle HI. bit, ey
Trop, Cat, 1875 J., 1881; Parlatore Sp, Cot. 24, t. 1; Mast. in w. d ]
tn) Afr. L 211. G. nigrum, Ham. in W. & A. Prodr. i. 54, in ar (cc.
ber n. P ry agundum, Roxb, Ic. ined, and in herb.— Hheede Hort. Mal. t.:

: . 150.

rane of Innia, i Itivated ; Kasmir, Falconer.

shrub or low [ pag at not, generali es purple, pilose. Leaves 1-glandular,
Sting ueronate, Contracted at the base, often with a supplementary lobe in the sinus.
bibe anc siform, Bracteoles cordate, ovate, acute. tals spreading. Stamm a
a coy, eriferous for its whole length. Capsule about 1 in., oblong-pointed. See

* vered with white wool overlying a dense green down.

348 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Kydia.

15. KYDIA, Roxb.

Trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves palminerved, usually lobed.
Flowers panicled, polygamous. Bracteoles 4-6, leafy, connate at P eddie
accrescent and spreading in fruit. Sepals 5, connate below we K
Petals 5, obcordate, oblique, longer than the calyx, adnate to t ^ w—
tube. Staminal-tube divided about the middle into 5 divisions eac Oust
3 reniform anthers which are imperfect in the female flower: aonic.
2-3-celled ; style 3-cleft, stigmas 3 peltate, imperfect in the ma e cidall ;
ovules 2in each cell, ascending. Capsule subglobose, muticoüs, toc
3-valved. Seeds reniform, furrowed.—Disrris. Exclusively Indian.

" 215; Fl
1. K. calycina, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. Pl. ii. 11, t. 219; 7»
Ind. iii. 188 -leaves downy beneath, bracteoles oblong downy. b ñ
t. 879-80; W. d^ A. Prodr. i. 70; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24 PARERE
Sylvat. t. 3; Wall. Cat. 1176. K. Roxburghiana, Wight Ty d. Hi 189;
Wall. Cat. 1177. K. fraterna, Roxb, Cor. PI. t. 216; FI. Ina.
W. & A.lc. K. pulverulenta, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1176. hout the
yy Lropical regions of the TIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastward, and througho

ESTERN Guats. Birma, Wallich.

A tree. noss 4-5 by 3 in., rounded, cordate, palmately 7-nerved, more or less To
midlobe longest, glabrous above or with thinly scattered hairs, closely los 4-6, oblong:
petiole 1-2 in. Inflorescence much branched, many-flowered. Brage white or pink.
spathulate, nearly as long as the calyx, ultimately spreading. F'loibers l-tube shortet
Sepals ovate, acute. Petals exceeding the sepals, obcordate. Stamina of the parts
than the petals, branches opposite to the sepals.—The size and proportion "
vary according to the sex of the flower.

. : led,
2. K. glabrescens, Mast.; leaves suborbicular slightly ang
bracteoles oblanceolate glabrous.

Buotan Assam, and MALACCA, Griffith (all the localities). : ]minerved,

A tree, herbaceous portions sparingly hairy. Leaves 4 by SE in Pa oles 4-5,
obscurely lobed, base wedge-shaped ; petiole 24 in. Panicle termina j size of a $
spreading, accrescent, ultimately 1 in. Sepals lanceolate. Capsule the siz iti

n fruiting
pea, shorter than the incurved sepals, globose, pubescent.—I have only see
specimens,

15,* ADANSONIA, Linn.

: nches
Tree with a short thick trunk and very widely spreading D young,
forming a mushroom-shaped head. Leaves pubescent beneat dulous, long"
glabrous digitate, deciduous. Flowers solitary, axillary, po te, Petals 5,
peduncled, Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, 5-cleft, bibracteo 47$ ibe cylin-
exceeding the sepals, adnate below to the stamens. Stamet m i
drical, dividing above into numerous filaments; anthers rent ^n ‘stigmatic
Ovary 5-10-celled ; style long, exserted, divided into as mo
branches as there are cells to the ovary, stigmas radiating ; ulp in the
each cell. Fruit oblong, woody, indehiscent ; with mealy curved, coty-
inside. Seeds reniform, testa thick, albumen thin, embryo b a native
ledons contortuplicate.—Two species are known, one the Baobab,
of Africa, not truly wild in India, and the other Australian. p"

; Wee
A. DIGITATA, L.; DC. Prodr.i 478; Cav. Diss. V. 298, Vall ‘Cat. 1826 ;
Prodr. i. 61; Rozb. Fl. Ind. ii. 164; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; .

Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 212,

: ica,
Cultivated in various parts of India and Ceylon.—Disrnm,. Tropical Afri

ee —- -—?>x>. |

Bombaz.] XXVI. MALVACEÆ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 949

16. BOMBAX, Linn.

Trees, Leaves digitate, deciduous. Peduneles axillary or subterminal,
solitary or clustered, 1-flowered. Flowers appearing before the leaves,
Bracteoles 0. Calyx leathery, cup-shaped, truncate or &-7-lobed. Petals
Obovate. Stamens pentadelphous, bundles opposite the petals, and divided
above into numerous filaments ; anthers reniform, 1-celled. Ovary 5-celled ;
style clavate, stigmas 5; ovules many in each cell Capsule loculicidally
5-valved, valves leathery, woolly within. Seeds woolly, testa thin, albumen
scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate.—Distris. A genus of about 10 species,
mostly tropical American, one is tropical African.

l. B. malabaricum, DC. Prodr. i. 479; trunk and branches prickly,
leaflets 5-7 quite entire cuspidate, base tapering, filaments ligulate half the
length of the petals, capsule oblong obtuse. Wight IU. t. 29; W. £ A.
Prodr.i:61; Wall. Cat. 1840 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat.t. 82. Salmalia malabarica.
Schott. Meletem, 35 ; Thwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 22;
Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. pt. 2, 166. Bombax heptaphylla, Cav. Diss. v. p. 296 ;
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 247 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 167. B. Ceiba, Burm.

l. Ind. 145 excl, syn. Gossampinus rubra, Ham. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xv.
128.—Rheede Hort, Mal. iii. t. 52.

Tropical EASTERN Himaraya, and throughout the hotter forest regions of India, to

IRMA and CeyLow.—Disrris. Java, Sumatra. .

À large tree, covered with stout hard conical prickles ; branches spreading.
Leaflets 6-12 in., glabrous ; petiole longer than the leaflets, secondary petioles 1 in.

tipules small, caducous. Flowers numerous, fascicled at or near the ends of the
ranches. Calyx 1 in., cu -shaped, smooth externally, silky within, margin slightly
bed, ultimately irregular y cleft, deciduous with the corolla and stamens. Corolla

T in., red or white. Petals 5, oblong, recurved, fleshy, twice the length of the stamens.
minal-tube short, filaments numerous, pluriseriate, 5 innermost forked at the top,
a with an anther, 10 intermediate shorter, outer very numerous. Style longer than
itis stamens. Capsule 6-7 in. ovoid, downy, 5-valved, valves silky within. Seeds

“merous, obovate, smooth.—Cotton tree.

. 2 B. insigne, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. L 71, t. 79, 80; Cat. 1841; Kurz.

^ Journ, As, Noc. Beng. 1873, ii. 61 ; trunk without prickles, leaflets 7-9

h ovate cuspidate acuminate glaucous beneath, filaments slender two-thirds
ie length of the petals.

IRMA, Peau, and the Andaman islands. .

soli tree, 20-30 ft.; trunk marked with large leaf-scars. Leaflets 5 in. Flowers

. lary, large, scattered on leafless branches. Peduncles 4 in., thick, club-shaped,
iol at the top. Flowers 10 in. diam.; buds globose. Calyx 14 in., urceo'ate-

gb e truncate or slightly two-lobed. Petals 5-6 in., linear-oblong, recurved, downy,

ret Within. Stamens many. Ovary ovoid. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule 10 by 1 in.,
ngated, curved at the apex, glabrous.

T 17, ERIODENDRON, DC.
r

Ces. Leaves digitate deciduous, Flowers appearing before the leaves,
tafted at the ends of the branches, or axillary, large white or rose coloured;
bundle. 0. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, or 3-5-fid. Petals oblong. Staminal

r linc.» Opposite the petals connate at the base each bearing 2-3 sinuou
Inear anthers, Ovary ovoid, 5-celled ; style cylindrical, dilated, stigma
rely 5-lobed, Capsule oblong, coriaceous or woody, 5-celled, 5-valved,
s densely silky within. „Seeds globose or obovoid, testa crustaceous,
With silky hairs, albumen scanty; cotyledons contortuplicate.—

Ve:

350 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) —[Eriodendron.

Distris. A genus of about 3 species, most of them American, one occurs
in tropical Africa. .

1, E. anfractuosum, DC. Prodr. i. 479 ; leaflets lanceolate cuspidate
entire or serrulate towards the point glaucous beneath. Wall. Cat. 1839;
W. &: A. Prodr. i. 61; Wight Ic. t. 400 ; Griff. Not. iv. 533; Dalz. € or:
Bomb. Fl. 22; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2. 166; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. e
Gen. t. 4. Bombax pentandrum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 989 ; Cav. Diss. v. 293, t. 15 ;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 165. B. orientale, Spreng. Syst. iii. 124. Ceiba penta Ta,
Gertn. Fruct. ii, 244, t. 133; Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xv. 126. Hat
dendron orientale, Steud. Nomencl. 587; Thwaites Enum. 28.— Rheede Hort.
Mal. iii. t. 49, 50; Rumph. Amb. i. t. 80. .

Forests throughout the hotter parts of Inp1a and Crvrow.— DISTRIB. S. America,
W. Indies, Trop. Africa ? f . "

A tall tree, trunk straight, tapering, prickly when young ; branches horizontal, - A
cillate. Leaflets 5-8, 3—4 by 1 in ; petioles at least as long as or longer than the "-
lets. Stipules small, caducous. Peduncles about 2 in., club-shaped, tufted, flows °
Calyx $ in., cup-shaped, 5-cleft, lobes roundish, glabrous on the outside, slightly etd
within. Petals 5, oblong, connate at the base, downy externally, yellowish wit RH
twice the length of the calyx. Filaments shorter than the petals. Ovary conic’ s
style as long as the stamens, declinate, dilated above the contracted base, stigma p
scurely 5-lobed. Capsule oblong like a cucumber; septa membranous, tardily dehiset e
Seeds numerous, subpyriform, black, glabrous.—Roxburgh doubts whether the ^?

species be the same as the West Indian, which latter is described with an r£ ar
trunk, often ventricose or thicker above; the shape of the fruit is also different. .
lc. makes 3 varieties—1. Indicum, above described, with flowers yellowish within cha-
Caribæum, with rose coloured flowers; 3. Africanum, to which no differente : š
racters are assigned. In herbaria the specimens from-the East and from the Wes
not appear to differ. Planchon, however (in herb.) has suggested that the name 4»
Jihecdii be given to the Indian form.

18. CULLENIA, Wight.

A tall tree, Leaves simple, scaly. Flowers fascicled in the axils of ps
leaves. Bracteoles 3-5, connate for nearly their whole length into &
ciduous cylindric tube, clothed, like the calyx, with peltate scales. | tu
5, connate for nearly their whole length into a deciduous cylindric "ned
Petals 0. Staminal-tube 5-cleft, divisions linear, exserted, declinate ; an the
small, subglobose, 1-celled, clustered at intervals on the branches ede:
staminal-tube. Ovary 5-celled, style elongate, very hairy, stigma cap! with
ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Fruit globose, densely clothes dons
spines, ultimately 5-valved. Seeds with a fleshy aril, albumen 0, coty'
fleshy unequal.

1, C. excelsa, Wight Ic. 1761, 2; Beddome Flor. Sylvat., Anal. jon
t. 4; Thwaites Enum. 28. Durio zeylanicus, Gardn. in Cale. Journ
Hist. viii. alt.

Iyamally hills, MALABAR, Wight; CEvLow ; common in the central provinces

2500 ft, Thwaites. ly be

Leaves elliptic, acuminate, bright shining green above, silvery and densely re the
neath. flowers densely packed on contracted branches, short peduncled, pointe
base. Fruit the size of a large orange. Seeds like a chestnut.

19, DURIO, Linn.

Trees. Leaves entire, leathery, closely penninerved, scaly,
beneath. Flowers in lateral cymes; peduncles angular. Bracteo

rarely hairy
les 3, connate

x
|
x

Durio, | XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 351

below into a cup, tips free, deciduous. Calyx bell-shaped, leathery, like the
bracteoles densely scaly, 5-fid, lobes valvate oblong or rounded. Petals 5,
contorted-imbricate, spathulate, longer than the sepals. Staminal-tube
divided into 4-5 phalanges opposite the petals; filaments many, bearing
à globose head of sinuous 1-celled anthers, or a single annular 1-celled
anther, Ovary scaly externally, 4—5-celled ; styles connate, stigmas capi-
tate ; ovules many and 2-seriate in each cell. Fruit very large, subglobose
or oblong, spiny, indehiscent or loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds arillate ;
cotyledons fleshy, often connate.—DrsTRrs, Malay Peninsula and islands;
Species 3,

l. D. Zibethinus, DC. Prodr. i. 480 ; leaves scaly beneath, flowers
about 3 in, diam., staminal column tubular at the base only, anthers sinuous
m globose heads, Koen. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii. 266, t. 14-16 ; Roxb. PI.
lud. iii. 399, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 167. Griff. Not. iv. 528; Ic. t. 596.
—Rumph. Amb. i, 99, t. 29.

Matacca, cultivated onl y ?—Disrri. Malay islands. .

A tree. Leaves 6-7 by 2-24 in., base rounded, obovate-oblong, entire, feather-
veined, leathery, shining above, scaly beneath, not hairy; petiole about 1 in., thickened
at the apex. Flowers in lateral trichotomous cymes; peduncles angular, subulate.
Bracteoles deciduous, half the length of the calyx. Calyz bell-shaped, leathery, densely
clothed with large peltate scales, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, tapering at the

, longer than the calyx. Stamens longer than the petals. Ovary oblong, scaly,
rut subglobose, very large, somewhat woody, densely muricate, indehiscent or tardily
valved, pulpy within. Seeds arillate.— The Durian is probably not indigenous in the
alay P eninsula. Wallace (Kew. Gard. Mis. viii. 228) states that two varieties, both

small fruited, are indigenous in Borneo.

' 2. D. malaccensis, Planch. mss. ; leaves scaly beneath, flowers larga
(about 5in, diam.), staminal column tubular for half its length, anthers
on 1n globose heads.
^LACCA, Griffith, Mai ; Birma, Brandis. .
t A tree, with if habit and. foliage of D. Zibethinus, but with the flowers nearly
in the size, Petals twice the length of the sepals. Staminal-tube divided, abont
; idle only, into 5 phalanges. Ovary and fruit as in the preceding.— Perhaps tha
form of the Durian.
3. D. Oxle ; i : labrous above pubescent
t yanus, Grif. Notul. iv. 531 ; leaves gla :
d hairy on the under M v scaly on midrib only, flowers about 1 in.

diam, stamens 4-5-adelphous, anthers annular solitary on the end of each
ament, ?

MALACCA Grifit .
, À, Maingay. .
ai tree, with the habit eni foliage of D. Zibethinus. Calyx ventricose. Petals
U g-spathulate, longer than the sepals. Staminal-phalanges 4 or 5, Tivi ing a t
black le into numerous filaments each bearing a solitary anther with ae Kam
4] nnective bordered by an annular cell. Ovary and fruit of D. Zibethinus, bu
*-—Referred by Planchon, in Herb. Kew, to Neesia, but erroneously.

e

20. BOSCHIA, Korth.

. Leaves simple entire, scaly beneath. Flowers small, axillary.

P la 2-3, connate at the base, deciduous. Calyx deeply #5 parted.
i linear-ligulate, entire or laciniate. Stamens, many, some ;

oy llarly coherent, outermost without anthers; anthers oblong, 1-celled,
bos: Y a terminal pore, solitary, or in groups o ules one or
se 3-valved, Ovary 3-5-celled, style elongate; ovules o

352 XXVI. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [.Boschia.

more in each cell, ascending. Fruit oblong, 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved, valves
muricate, bright red. Seeds few, oblong black, with a fleshy orange
coloured, cup-shaped arillus extending over half their surface ; cotyledons
amygdaloid; radicle next the hilum.—DisrRre. Malay Peninsula an
archipelago. Species 2.

1. B. Griffithii, Mast.; leaves ovate oblong cuspidate „penniveined
scaly beneath, flowers solitary or 2-3 in short axillary cymes. — Heteropyxis
Griff. Notul. iv. 524; Ic. Pl. As. t. 594.

Maracca, Grifith, Maingay. . b

A small tree, bark grey, wood reddish. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., glabrous a ove,
white and sparingly lepidote beneath ; petiole short. Stipules linear, caducous. Pedune
very short. Bracteoles 2-3, deciduous. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx 4- arted, A
ments ultimately reflexed. Petals linear-spathulate, variable in number, longer t a
the calyx. Anthers minute. Ovary covered with spines, each tipped by a pelta
stelliform scale. Fruit about 2 in. Seed $ in., solitary in each cell.

91. NEESTIA, Blume.

Trees, Branches marked with large leaf-scars. Leaves entire, feather-
veined, Stipules leafy. Inflorescence of cymes produced from the stem e
the axils of the fallen leaves. Bracteoles 3, connate into a campanulate te ,
circumsciss and deciduous, covered, like the sepals, with peltate rire:
Calyx closed, ultimately dilated and cushion-shaped at the base, tuboa
conical above, opening by a circular irregularly crenulate orifice at the T
Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens in 5 bundles, alternate with the " :
each dividing midway into numerous filaments, the terminal or centr: ae
of which bears a 2-lobed and the lateral filaments a 1-lobed exirorse an tiy
opening lengthwise, connective thick ; staminodes 0. Ovary very 5 is 2-
stalked, oblong, 5-celled ; style short; stigma conic ; ovules numerona
seriate, horizontal, anatropous, Fruit ovoid, woody, muricate, locali y
5-valved. Seeds albuminous ; aril 0 ; cotyledons flat, leafy. (Fruit an
seed after Blume.)—DıstRIB. Two species, a Javanese and Malaccan.

1. N. synandra, Mast.
Pexaxe, Maingay. iaceous
„A lolity tree, trunk stout. Leaves 9-12 by 4-5in, cordate-oblong, obtuse, p seien
minutely puberulous; petiole 2 in. Stipules oblong, I-nerved, 13 in. , Pedune | "form
angular. Fruit of Durian, (Maingay).— This differs from Biume's N.altissima W the
of the leaf and particularly in the stamens, which are described and figured by
joined at the base only. Neesia Griffthii of herbaria, and upon W ic ia tro

(Gen. Pl. i. 213) partly constructed, as it would seem, the generic character,
urio (D. Oxleyanus, Grift.).

22. CŒLOSTEGIA, Benth.

A tall tree. Leaves simple, quite entire, scaly beneath. Flowers axillary,
fascicled, subsessile. Bracteoles 3-4 scaly, combined below into à nate
shaped tube, Sepals 5, lanceolate, much longer than the bracteoles, con <
below the middle into a 5-lobed 5-pouched cup. Petals 5, free, attac : es
the base of the calyx and much smaller than it. Stamens 1n small,
opposite to the sepals and adherent to their bases, included ; aote few-
subglobose. Ovary partly immersed in the calyx-tube, 5-celled ; p it un-
ovuled; style filiform, stigma large capitate peltate 5-lobed.
known.—The following is the only known species.

Celostegia.} xxvi. MALVACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 353

l. C. Griffithii, Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. i. 213.

Maracca, Griffith. ;

, Leaves 24-3 in., glabrous, acuminate, base rounded; petiole 4 in. Flowers ] in.
diam., produced from the old wood, covered with scales.

Over XXVII. STERCULIACEAE. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.)

Herbs, shrubs (rarely climbing), or trees, herbaceous portions usually
More or less pubescent. Bark usually abounding in muchage, inner
fibrous. Leaves alternate, simple, lobed or digitate, sti ulate. Inflorescence
axillary or terminal, usually cymose. Flowers regular, uni- or bisexual.
Sepals 5, more or less connate, rarely completely so. Petals5 or 0, Androcium
columnar or tubular, of many stamens, or rarély stamens few, free ; anthers
m heads, or in a single ring at the apex of the column, or dispersed on the
outside of the tube, or arranged along the edge of a cup or tube, with interven-
mg staminodes or sterile stamens; anther-cells always 2, parallel or divergent.
ary free, 2-5-celled, rarely of 1 carpel, sessile or stalked ; styles consoli-
dated, or as many as the cells of the ovary. Ovules many or few, attached to
the inner angle of the carpels, anatropous, ascending or horizontal, raphe
ventral or lateral. Pruit dry or fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds some-
times arillate, albuminous or exalbuminous ; cotyledons leafy, flat, folded or
puvolute, radicle pointing in various directions in different species.—

ISTRIB, Abundant in the tropies of either hemisphere and in subtropical

cà and Australia. Genera 40-45 ; species between 500 and 600, largely
Tépresented in India and its islands, to which 2 or 3 genera and numerous
Species are peculiar,

Pir L Sterculiese. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Petals 0.
ndræcium columnar or sessile ; anthers clustered or disposed in a ring.

*
Anthers numerous.
Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell; fruit dehiscent . . . 1. STERCULIA.
anan cells lovuled; fruit indehiscent . . . . + + + + 2. TARRIETIA.

** Anthers 5, whorled ; fruit indehiscent.

3. HERITIERA.

d Taree TT, Helicterese. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous. an
are ie” columnar below, dilated above into a cup, on the margin of whic
° placed the anthers usually alternating with staminodes.
Antherg sessile . 2... s s 4 REEVESIA.
Others stipitate. — 7 7 7 7 7 7 70 77
Apsule membranous, inflated . .
*psule more or less woody, not inflated.
Anther-cells divaricate ; Seeds not winged
ther-ce]lls parallel; seeds winged . . . + +

Tre IL Eriolenese. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals deciduous.

Andreecium tubular, conical, antheriferous for nearly its whole length ;

staminodes 0.

5. KrxINHOVIA.

6. HELICTERES.
7. PTEROSPERMUM.

8. ERIOLÆNA.

Tereg IV. Dombeyew. Flowers hermaphrodite, Petals flat, persistent.

Andræcium tubular, antheriferous at the margin; anthers solitary or in

u : i
vo plternating with staminodes, AA

354 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.)

Bracteoles caducous ; anthers 15 . . . , + + + + + + « 9. PENTAPETES.
Bracteoles persistent; anthes5 . . . + +... + + + + 10, Mzunaxn.

Tur V. Hermannies. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals marcescent,
flat. Andrecium tubular at the base only ; stamens 5, staminodes 0.

Ovary 5-celled . 2 . . 2... + + + + + + + x s o l. MELOCHIA.
Ovary of 1 carpel. . o . . + + + + + + + + e + + 12. Wanner.

Tax VI. Buettnerieæ. Petals concave at the base. Androcium tu-
bular ; anthers marginal, solitary or in groups between the staminodes.

* Stamens 1-seriate, anthers 2-4 between each staminode,

Petals with a stipitate ovate blade . . . . . . . . . . 13, ABROMA,
Petals with a linear 2-fid blade . . . . . . . + . . .14 GUAZUMA,

** Stamens 1-seriate, anthers solitary between each staminode.

Petals with an entire or 3-fid blade; staminodes short-obtuse — . 15. BUETTNEBRIA.
Petals with a linear blade; staminodes linear-lanceolate . . . 16. ComMERSONIA-

*** Stamens pluriseriate, petals orbicular without appendage.
17. LEPTONYCHIA.

1. STERCULIA, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, palmately lobed or digitate. Iso
rescence panicled, axillary or terminal. Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular,
4-b-parted, often coloured. Petals 0. Staminal column bearing a head of
ring of sessile, 2-celled anthers. Pistil sessile or stipitate, of 4-5 carpe
opposite the sepals, each 2-many-ovuled ; styles connate at the base, stigmas
as many as the carpels, free, radiating. Ripe carpels distinct, follicular, ses-
sile or stipitate, woody or membranous, Seeds 1 or many, naked, sometimes
arillate, sometimes winged ; albumen bipartite, flat or folded ; cotyledons
flat, thin, adhering to the albumen, or thick and fleshy ; radicle near to oF
remote from the hilum.—Disrrie. A genus of about 60 species, natives ^
the tropics of both hemispheres, but specially abundant in tropical Asia.

Sect. I. Eusterculia, Endl. Follicle coriaceous or woody. Radice
remote from the hilum.

* Leaves digitate.

1. S. foetida, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 483; leaflets 7-9 elliptic-lanceolate
adult glabrous beneath, calyx deeply 5-parted. Br. in Benn. Pl. Je
Rar, 227 ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 141 ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. m. 155, "*
& A. Prodr. i. 63; Wall. Cat, 1137; Wight Ic. t. 181, 364; Thwaites Enum
gos Miguel Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii p. 172.— Rumph. Herb. Amb, M
" LT

WESTERN PENINSGLA, in the Concan, Malabar; BIRMA, Crriox.—Disraib- pt
tropical Africa, Moluccas, North Australia. f the

A tall tree. Branches whorled, horizontal. Leaves crowded at the ends 0 v
branches; leaflets about 6 by 2 in., pubescent when young; petiole 8 In. ; wn
ensiform, caducous. Panicles erect, o-flowered, spreading (formed immediately diels
the young leaves of the present year, Roxb.), branches glabrous, ultimate. Pam.
shorter than the flower, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles minute. Calyx rim din
dull orange coloured, campanulate, deeply 5-parted ; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 5P all
villous within, much longer than the tube. Anthers 12-15. Carpels 5, do beaked,
curved. Follicles as large as the fist, woody, oblong, boat-shaped, shortly

Stereulia.] XXVII. srERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 355

nearly glabrous. Seeds 10-15, the size of filberts, black, smooth; albumen 0; coty-
rear thick, fleshy, 5-nerved, plumule developed.—The seeds are roasted and eaten as
nuts,

2 S. versicolor, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 48, t. 59 ; leaves peltate digitate,
leaflets 5-7 oblong acuminate pubescent beneath, calyx-lobes inflexed conni-
vent at the tips. Wall. Cat. 1129. Br. in Benn. PU, Jav. Rar. 227.

Brea, on limestone rocks, by the banks of the Irrawaddy, near Segaen, Wallich.
, A tree 16 ft. Trunk thick, bark grey. Branches spreading. Leaflets 5-7 by 2-21
in, glabrous above, whitish-pubescent beneath; petiole 6-8 in., dilated at the apex.
Panicles at the ends of the branches, erect, shorter than the petioles. Flowers œ,
small, fragrant, orange-yellow, pedicelled. Calyx } in., campanulate, segments oblong.
Staminal column curved. 9 fl.: ovary pedicelled, 5-furrowed, villous; style short, villous,
stigma subpeltate, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse.

** Leaves palmately lobed,

3. S. urens, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. PI. i. 25, t. 24; FI. Ind. iii. har
leaves 5-lobed velvety beneath, panicles erect, follicles armed with s oP
ples. W. d A. Prodr. i. 63; Wall. Cat. 1120 in part ; Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb,
Fi, 23; Thwaites Enum. 99; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 227. Mig. Fl.
nd. Bat. i. pt. 9,172, Cavallium urens, Schott £ Endl. Melet. 33.
Norra-Wesr Ixpra, Assam, BEHAR, EASTERN and WESTERN PENINSULAS, CEYLON.
A sóft-wooded tree, with white papery outer bark, inner fibrous. Trunk erect
ranches spreading, marked with large scars. eaves about the ends of the branches,
9-12 in, long and broad, rounded, base cordate, lobes entire acuminate ; petiole oom
anicle dense, terminal, oo -flowered, glandular-pubescent. Flowers small, yel ow, 9
mxed with many g. Calyx Y in. diam., campanulate, 5-parted, lobes acute, sp s hairs
inte Ms 10. — Follieleg 5, oblong, radiating, yellow pubescent, with stinging ted
a mixed, Seeds 3-6, oblong, black. Yields a colloid gum, and the seeds are roaste
and eaten. In Wallich's herbarium, under number 1120 D, E, F (8. urens), ar
tents of two or three species intermixed, with no indication of the proper et ti
ming to each, the leaves are digitate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, T areas
a ol two species, and fruits which may be those of S. villosa. The name A. ure
mot be properly applied to any of these fragments.

veh S, villosa, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 153; leaves o»
do vety beneath and with spreading villi, panicles peudalons,, folliete
PL gj. Wall. Cat. 1136, 2, 3, D. ; W. e A. Prodr. i. 635 Dale, d .
N 2; Br. in Benn, Pl. Jav. Rar. 227. ;
K i an Estey Ixpta, Bencar and Marasam, and the tropical Himalaya from
astwards
in. cach with White bark Branches fi ding, with large scars. Leaves 12-18
1 - Branches few, spreading,
sae Way, glabrescent or thinly stellate-pilose above, base cordate, deeply palmately
very d lobes acuminate, sometimes 3-fid; petiole as long as the leaf, expa ded an
much ivy at the top ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate. Panicle 12-14 in robon.
Flop, inched, Tusty pubescent. Bracts filiform, caducous. Plower- uds E bose,
Plate o $ und ç mixed, the former most numerous. Calyx § in. hen "> Ovary
globose ^, 9 ny outside, pinkish within, 5-lobed, lobes spreading. Ant rs o oblong
black; ille recurved. Follieles 14-2 in., oblong, spreading, rusty-villous. ,
men bipartite ; cotyledons thin.

bid .
Leaves simple, not lobed, 1-nerved.
ly lobes broad, spreading.

iii ; brous

,Suttata, Roxb. Hort. Beg. 50 ; Fl. Ind, iii. 148 ; leaves gla
"y Pubescent beneath oblangiovste acute or acuminate base rounded
"date, panicles sparingly branched. Wall. Cat. 1127, in part

356 XXVII. STERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Sterculia

W. & A. Prodr. i. 62 ; Wight. Ic. t. 487 ; Thwaites Enum, 29; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb, Fl. 23; Beddome ii. Sylvat, t. 105 ; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. E
S. cuneata, Heyne ms. in Wall. Cat. 11273. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1127 D,
not of others.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 61.

WESTERN PENINSULA, Concan, Nilghiri Mts.; Malabar; EASTERN PENINSULA, at
Malacca and the ANpAMAN Ises ; CEYLoN, Ambagamowa district. sts

A tree. Trunk straight. Bark cracked, ash-coloured, inner fibrous. Young $ tiole
pubescent. Leaves 7-8 by 4 in., scabrid above, nerves stellate-pilose beneath ; A
2 in., thinly stellate pilose ; stipules ensiform, caducous. Panicle equaling the [^ rs
branches horizontal, rusty-tomentose ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flowers. Š :
lanceolate. Flower-buds globose. Flowers chiefly 6. Calyx im. densely do
downy outside, glandular within, campanulate, 5fid; segments broadly M ge^.
ultimately reflexed, covered with long hairs. Anthers 12. Ovary stalked, go a
3—5-lobed. Style curved, stigma 3-5-lobed. follicles 1-5, size of a small app * ni
about 3 in., obovoid, covered with reddish down, smooth, pink within. Placentas vi -
Seeds oblong ; testa black, brittle ; between it and the second coat, which is broma bros
tough, is a soft white sebaceous substance, innermost coat thin, membranous; aibu
amygdaloid ; cotyledons elliptic. .

Brown, l.c., makes two vars., a with oblong ovate acute leaves ; and B wiih sinus
acuminate leaves and racemes much shorter than the leaves.—Cloth is made from
bark in Malabar.

6. S. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 1124 ; leaves glabrous oval or hiat
lanceolate suddenly acuminate base rounded, racemes erect shorter t 2 ue
leaves. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 262; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 229. alifolia,
ceæfolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 150, not of Cav. S. ov
Wall. Cat. 1132. S. alata, Wall. Cat. 1125. in part. i

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, ascending in. Sikkim 6000 ft, J. D. H.; Sumer a
Assam. . thickened at

A tree. Bark ashy. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in., lanceolate ; petiole 4-1 in., t jl j
both ends; stipules subulate. Racemes 2 in., axillary, few-Howered, poties t, cam-
patent sparingly stellate-pilose. fl. most numerous. Calyx 4 in. diam., pers
panulate, 5-parted, segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading, longer than re k, ovoid,
icles 1-5, 3 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy-scaberulous, pink. Seeds 4-8, "ou S. ovali
coats as in Š. guttata (Roxb.), albumen scanty ; cotyledons thick.— Wallich s >+:
folia only differs in its oval leaves.

7. S. parvifolia, Wall. Cat. 1193; leaves glabrous lanceolate Lu
tapering, racemes simple shorter than the leaves. Br. in Benn. ^^
Rar, 229,

Maracca and PENANG, Porter, &c. : hitish stri

A small tree. Branches glabrous, purplish, bark cracking, leaving “ila shorter
Leaves 4-6 by 13 in.; petiole 2 in., thickened at the apex. acemes axi ary; s

ens
than the leaf. Flowers red. Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong. Seeds black.—Specim
imperfect.

A
8. S. striatiflora, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong-acute base tapering
panicle branched shorter than the leaves, calyx funnel-shaped stria
Birma, Griffith. . inent ; petiole
A shrub. Leaves 8-18 by 4-6 in., leathery, arch-veined, midrib prom shorter
lin.; stipules subulate. Branches of panicles erecto-patent, ultimate pe 1 longitu
than the flowers. Bracteoles minute. Calyx 4 in., glabrous, pink externa »
dinally striated ; lobes linear, erecto-patent.—Imperfect specimens only seen.

. a labrous
9. S. macrophylla, Vent. Hort, Malm. ii. n. 91, in note ; leary cordate

above tomentose beneath suborbicular quite entire base deeP
calyx-lobes triangular, Br. in Benn. Pl. J av, Rar, 230.

Sereuia.] XXVII. STERCULIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 357

Matacca, Mai: ay.—Disrrim. Java. :
_ A large tree. Leaves 12-16 by 10-12 in., venation arched, secondary veins proceed-
ing nearly to the margin before arching ; petiole downy, 6 in. Panicles deflexed, much
ched, nearly equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, shorter than the
flowers, pubescent and hispid. Flower-buds minute, subglobose. Calyx } in., cup-
shaped, stellate-hairy, 5 fid; lobes triangular, erect, shorter than the tube. Follicle
i, downy, smooth within.

10. S. linguifolia, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong-obtuse base rounded
l-nerved, racemes slender pendulous Shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes

ear subulate 3~4 times longer than the tube,

Tavoy, Parish, I R 1

A shrub, 6 ft. Leaves 7-8 by 2in., coriaceous; petiole 14 in. lower-buds an-
ceolate, Calyx 2 in., salmon-coloured ; lobes slightly ciliated externally, free at the
tips, much longer than the tube.—Imperfect specimens only seen.

1L S. pubescens, Mast., leaves glabrous above pubescent beneath
oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate base cordate, panicle erect, calyx
‘ampanulate lobes triangular acute.
ALACCA, Maingay. :
À tree, younger portions rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 2-24 in., nerves stellate
hairy beneath ; petiole 14 in., sulcate striated; stipules | in., subulate. Panic. cent
brauched, as long or longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels jointed, pubescent,

ng. Calyx } in., segments hairy within, equalling the tube. Ovary globose,
way, style deciduous.

12. S. armata, Mast. - leaves glab bove downy beneath oblong
. glabrous abo >
acute base rounded nerves hispidulous, panicle erect, calyx broadly cam
saa lobes ovate-lanceolate.
HOTAN, Griffith.
A tree. Bark grey, marked with very large cordiform scars. Leaves k Minn t
de ends of the branches, 5-6 by 2 in.; petiole ł in., rusty-hispid; stipules ct or
ltoid-lanceolate, striate. Panicle as long as or longer than the karon. ree ds
oblon, ng, many-flowered ; pedicels subpilose, as long as the flowers.

š . d
tube & „Calyx 3 in. diam., pink, 5-fid ; lobes spreading, longer than the bell.shape
` Fruit not seen.

ust, Calyz-lobas narrow incurved, frequently cohering at the tips, gaping at
es,

hs. levis, Wall, Cat. 1138 ; leaves lanceolate acuminate laps
alobosPeting, panicles erect, nearly the ' length of the leare yh 230 ;
g, yj segments broadly lanceolate. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav.
da. FL nd. Bat, i, pt. 2,174, S. coccinea, Jack Mal. Misc. i. 286, not %

Prxaxe, Wallich ; ; ; Peau, Kurz.—DisrRIB. Java.
sri aly, Novit Menge Pang, rs Det ck at te pe
Nery i VETY slender, ultimate pedicels spreading, as long as the Howe x-lobes linear
fom a puts Subulate; — Flowerbuds oblong. — Flowers 4-2 in. ; nied within. ol.
lisle 4 rond base, much longer than the tube, glabrous without, bear , beaked. Seeds
malj 11 Woody, downy externally, smooth and crimson within, tip
, oblong, black, shining.

I4 S, coccin d. iii. 151; leaves glabrous
: ea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. ñi. 151; leaves -
manente abruptly acuminate base tapers , panicles lax drooping, calyx-
tube v's deltoid below linear-lanceolate above 4-5 times ^s lanceolata,
H. — Vall. Cat. 1122, C; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 230. S.
R in Wall, Cat, 1139. ° | |

358 XXVII. STERCULIACEJ.. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stereulia.

Trorican Eastern HIMALAYA; Sikkim, 3-6000 ft., J. D. H.; Buoray, Griffith;
Assam, and the Kuasa Mrs. . .
` A small tree. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in., quite entire, sometimes with scanty Paro
hairs beneath; petiole 1 in. hairy, apex thickened; stipules eubalate: ^
equalling the leaves, ultimate pedicels capillary, as long as the parcis ub
subulate. Flower-buds lanceolate from a broad base ; £ flowers 14 in. "a a" ead.
ternally, pink within. Sepals incurved, woolly tips coherent or free, sometime fet.
ing. ollicles 4-5 in., lanceolate, beaked, downy externally, crimson on bo dimorphic
Seeds 4-8, ovoid, smooth, albumen scanty, bipartite.—On some specimens eh the
male fl. may be seen, the majority similar to those above described, others rl V mewhat
sepals are united for the greater part of their length, forming @ disten ç Pon. This
fleshy, pink, accrescent bell.shaped calyx, ultimately attaining a length o .
hypertrophy may be the result of insect or fungus growth.

15. S. nobilis, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 231; leaves spi
oblong acuminate, panicles pendulous, calyx-segments as long al nghas,
shaped tube linear incurved. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part 2, 175. Southwellia
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 144, not of Willd., Wall. Cat. 1118, B, C, E. Ño
nobilis, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 69.

: tra.
MALABAR, at Quilon, Wight; doubtful if wild.—DisrRis. China and Suma illary,
A tree; bark brown. Loaves 2-12 by 2-6 in.; petiole 1 1n. P aniele s jax, Fi d

many-flowered ; ultimate pedicels filiform, glabrous, spreadin horizon a ose outside,
buds fusiform. flowers 3 in. diam., fragrant, campanulate, oary-tome hairy, stipi-
red within. Staminal column slender, curved. % flowers few. Ovary ys testa dark
tate, 5-lobed, style curved. Follicles woody, ovoid, beaked. Todons thick.—
chestnut, clammy, inner coat coriaceous, dull black; albumen 0; coty'e

Seeds eaten as chestnuts.

16. S. Balanghas, L.; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jaw Rar. 231, not of Ron e
leaves pubescent beneath oblong-ovate obtuse acuminate or i wir flowers
rounded not cordate, panicle erect or nodding as long as the “one. .
globular, sepals as long as the hispid bell-shaped tube, stigmas s Enum, 29.
Cat. 1118, D ; Wight, Ill. t. 30 ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 62; Thwarte
— Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 49.

Throughout the norrer parts or INDIA and in CEYLON. ša . petiole 14
A tree; herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by 31n. is were.
stipules subulate. Panicle stellate-hairy ; pedicels longer than the ds thin, 5-cleft to
buds ovate, obtuse. Calyx globose 1 in. diam., downy outside, his w Follicles 3 ino

the middle, segments connivent. Stigmas recurved, as long as the sty w

woody, oblong acuminate, covered with rusty down. Seeds oblong, b y" illary pilose,
Van. 1. mollis; leaves elliptic-oblong, panicles nodding, pedicels bi av. Rar.

spreading. S. mollis, Wall. Cat. 1131, 1426, 1427; Br. in Bent the type bat

231.—Bhotan and the Eastern Peninsula. More densely pubescent than

otherwise hardly distinguishable. :
Van. 2. angustifolia; leaves narrow lanceolate, panicle spreading Il. Cat. 1199

pilose. S. angustifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; FQ. Ind. ii. 148; d Mergui. e

Br. in Benn, Pl. Jav. Rar, 231. —North-Western provinces, Nipal an in ‘her

burgh describes the panicle as pendulous: I always find it ascending

specimens.

Var. 3. glabrescens; leaves glabrescent beneath. Mergui, Griffith.

> š g oblo

17. S. rubiginosa, Vent, Hort, Malm. ii. 91, in note; leave o
acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous above downy benenta ase ignas
stipules very long, panicle erect, calyx-lobes as long as the * 175.

t.
short. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 232; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. SH

S. angustifolia, Jack Mal. Misc. i.; Hook. Bot. Misc, i. 287.
Wall, Cat. 1134.

-9in;
ToweT-

or ascendin E

Sterculia.) xxvii. srERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 359

Brua and the EASTERN PENINSULA.— Drernr, Java. o.

A tree; herbaceous portions rusty-villous. Leaves 8-10 by 24 in., nerves rusty-hispid
beneath ; petiole 1—4 in., hispid; stipules 1 in., subulate-lanceolate. Panicle scarcely
equalling the leaves, laxly hispid, many-flowered ; ultimate pedicels spreading, scarcely
exceeding the flowers. Flower-buds short, broadly ovate, acute. Calyx jin. long,
subglobose, lobes linear-subulate, incurved or spreading, hispid. Follicles 2 in., lanceo-
late, beaked, downy externally, crimson inside. Seeds 4 in. long, black.

18. S. ensifolia, Mast, ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends apex
tally acuminate stipules half the length of the petiole, panicles erect
ai! the ength of the leaves, calyx-lobes much exceeding the tube, stigmas
ort,

Peyang, Philips ; Mrraut, Grifith.

„A tree. Leaves 8-10 by 24 in., glabrous above, pubescent beneath, nerves rusty-
hispid beneath ; petiole 2-1 in., densely rusty-tomentose ; stipules filiform, half the
length of the petioles. Panicle few-flowered ; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower,
pusty-tomentose, Flower-buds ovate-lanceolate. Calyx nearly 4 in.; lobes linear-
lanceolate, sparingly hispid at the edges. Ovary 5-lobed, hispid; style curved, stigma-
eves rounded, short, radiating. Follicles downy, curved, lanceolate, beaked.

19. S. parviflora, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. iii. 147 ; leaves oblong-
ovate acuminate glabrescent above slightly pubescent beneath base sub-
cordate, panicles spreading as long as the leaves, calyx minute, tube urceolate
S-toothed teeth inflexed. Wall, Cat. 1121; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar, 232.

Sinner Wallich; Mar
, ; acca and Penane, Maingay, &c. . .
large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 24-4 in.; petiole 14 in., apex thickened. Panicle
Plato ary; ultimate pedicels as long as the calyx, capillary, pilose. Calyx pino
ye owish; tube longer than the 5, appressed, connivent lobes. Ovary globose, 5-lobed ;

styl . à i
Geer Follicles 2 in., downy, oblong, beaked. Seeds oblong, black, albumen

20. S. bicolor, M labrescent above hoary
. ast. ; leaves oblong-acute glabre: 1
tomentose beneath base rounded or subcordate midrib rusty subpilose
Sneath, calyx-lobes linear incurved as long as the campanulate tube.
ALACCA, Mainga . . i .
A tree 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-4 by 14 in., coriaceous, 1-nerved, entire ; petiole 14 in.,
arate. P anicle many-flowered, ester ‘than the leaves; branches spreading or de-

-fid
to the ty tomentose; ultimate pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx Y in., 5

21. S. Maingayi, Mast. ; leaves obovate oblong abruptly acuminate
glabrous base c ]

talyx-lobes linear as long as the campanulate downy tube.

di o tree L i i in. Panicle erect, many-flowered ;
ic Tee. Leaves 8-9 by 3—4 in. ; petiole 3in. 4s anicie erect, ;
eels Spreading, pubescent, longer than’ the flowers. Flowers 1 in. long, AEN
pjobenulate, Follicles 3-4 in., oblong, acuminate, downy externally. .
8, black; albumen and cotyledons fleshy.

Secr, IL Pi 7; . Pl. Jav. Rar. 235 (gen.).

9 rmiana, Marsili; Br. in Benn. Pi. Jav. :

ke. membranous, Or ening long before maturity. Seeds two or more ;
Tyo transverse, radicle inferior.

ii | S. colorata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Cor. Pl. i. 26, t. 25 ; Fl. Ind.

i leaves glabrescent roundish palmately lobed lobes acuminate,
u

calyx tubular c] b-shaped covered with orange coloured down. Wall. Cat.

360 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Stereulia.

1119, F. ; Hook. Ic. PL 143 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.23; W. & A. Prodr. i.
63. S. rubicunda, Wall. Cat. 1119, D, F, G. Firmiana colorata, Br. m
Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 235; Thwaites Enum. 29. Erythropsis Roxburghiana,
Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 33.

EASTERN Benoa; Peau, the WESTERN PENINSULA, and CEYLON. | 5-12 in

A large tree; trunk erect, bark ashy, branches spreading. Leaves*6-9 by 5-1 t "
about the ends of the branches, base cordate, 3-lobed, lobes triangular acme 2;
petiole 4-9 in.; stipules erect, lanceolate. Panicle terminal, coral-like, many- m thé
pedicels covered with orange-red tomentum. — Calyz 2 in., tube 4 times longer t "form
rounded rather obtuse lobes, orange-downy outside, pilose within; anthers 30, mami ooth
Styles recurved. Follicles 2-3 in., stipitate, glabrous, membranous. Seeds ovol ' wi
or wrinkled, of the size of a field bean.— Brown, l.c., admits 3 varieties: Ya Aw
furfuraceons calyx, tube nearly 4 times longer than the lobes. Var. 2 18 fulge ely
Wall. Var. 3 has calyx-lobes covered with loose spreading stellate hairs, tube scarcely
three times longer than the lobes.

23. S. fulgens, Wall. Cat. 1135 ; leaves cordate angular obscurely pas
scabrid above pubescent beneath, calyx downy cylindric tubular cu Rar
Wall. Cat. 11192. Firmiana colorata var. 8, Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. .
235 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat., i. pt. 2, 178. hal

TnorrcAL Western Himataya; Kumaon, alt. 2500 ft., Strach. & Wint. ; Garwhal,
Falkoner; Birma and the EASTERN PExINsULA.—DisTRIB. Java. 12-18 in.

A small tree. Leaves ample, 10 by 6 in., coriaceous; petiole pubescent, Flowers
Panicle erect, branches covered with rusty-stellate down, many-flowered. | ^ ati
4-3 in., produced before the leaves, covered with yellowish down. Calyz-lo :
acute, 3-4 times shorter than the tube. ollicles stipitate.

24. S. linearicarpa, Mast. ; leaves glabrescent cordate suborbiout
panicle erect, peduncles thick compressed pilose, flowers dense, %
tubular-campanulate pilose lobes ovate acute, follicles linear-lance
yellow downy.

Matacca, Maingay.

A tree. Leaves 6-12 in. each way, ample, coriaceous, entire, 7-nerved, apod
minent beneath; petiole 3-8 in., apex thickened. Panicle terminal, erect, eT-
flowered, rusty-pubescent, as-long as the leaves; pedicels spreading, jointed. long a8
buds globose. Calyx 4-3 in., tube cylindric, limb rotate-campanulate ; lobes as t0
the tube. Staminal column slender. ollicles 3-4 in.

Secr. II. Pterygota, Endl. (gen.. Follicles woody. Seeds many,
winged at the apex, albuminous, radicle next the hilum.

...25. S. alata, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 50; Pl. Cor. iii. 84, t. 287; n
lil 152; leaves cordate ovate acute glabrous, flowers nearly 1 1n. ta Rox-
tomentose, wing of seed large spongy. Wall. Cai. 1125. Pterygo$a 234.
burghii, Schott d: Endl, Melet. P.a ata, Br. in Benn. Pl Jav Rar: 230.
S. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 1122 partly. 8, Heynii, Beddome Flor. Sylvat.

SiLHET and CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh; WxsrERN PENINSULA ; TINNEVELLY, Ha ash-

A large tree ; herbaceous portions covered with dense golden pubescence. Ba bmem-
coloured. Leaves 4-10 by 3-7 in., clustered about the ends of the branches, MY Án
branous, 7-nerved ; petiole 1-4 in. ; stipules subulate. Panicles from the apart
axils, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles caducous. Calyz “i column
late, densely tomentose, deeply 5-parted, segments linear-lanceolate. Stamin ¿
3 the length of the calyx. 9 flowers: ovaries 5, sessile ; style recurved ; bescen
rous, follicles 5, 5 in. diam , globose, depressed, woody, clothed with mealy Pw by
outside, corky within. Seeds many, oblong, compressed, wing 2 in. and up% i
1j in.; cotyledons not separable from the mealy albumen, radicle next the

Sterculia] xxvit STERCULIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 361

Col. Beddome, who gives a good description and figure of this plant, suggests, with
reason, that this is the true Š alata of Roxburgh. The latter author says there is no
bumen, but this is an oversight.

26. S. Thwaitesii, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong acute base rounded,
é fl. iin, 9 nearly š in., wing of seed membranous Scarcely spongy.
Pterygota alata, Thwaites Enum. 29.

Ceyton; Banks of the Mahawelliganga, at Haragam, Thwaites. . .

4 tree. Leaves 4-5 by 2 in. glabrescent, coriaceous; petiole 1-4 in. Panicles
axillary, as long as the petiole. Flowers pubescent. Calyx divided half-way down ;
pes ovate, acute, as long as the bell-shaped tube. Staminal-column slender, § shorter
than the calyx. o f. ovaries 3, with staminodes at the base; styles 3; ovules o.

icles 3 by 2 in., woody, oblong, obtuse. Seed obovate, wing terminal, oblong,
truncate, twice the length of the seed.

o Rer IV. Hildegardia, Endl. Follicles membranous, winged at
e top, ultimately dehiscent, Seeds albuminous, radicle next the hilum.

27. S. populifolia, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 148; leaves
glabrous rounded cordate acuminate, carpels ovate ventricose terminated by
Qa embranous oblique obtuse cultriform wing. Wall. Pl. As, Rar. i.3, t. 3,

1129. & populifolia, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 62. Hildegardia populifolia,

r.m. Benn. Pl. Jav, Rar, 235.

Westerx PENINSULA ; Coromandel, Roxburgh
b tree. Bark smooth ; young branches like those of a poplar, angular. Leaves 24
74 in, T-nerved ; petiole 2-6 in. — Panicles axillary an terminal, shorter than t he
; branches angular, glabrous, spreading; ultimate pedicels shorter than the
sath lower- buds oblong. Calyx-segments } in., free nearly to the base, linear-
^n ulate, downy externally. Ovary hispid, ovoid, tapering into a short style, a
"ars . ^ ollicle solitary. Seeds oblong, 3 in. long.—De Candolle's var. acutiuscula
.l

° 83) differs in its more acutely pointed leaves, but is scarcely separable
Ven as a variety.

Stor. Y. Sea. jymas lobed, subcapi-
J Phium, Lndl. Anthers 10-15. Stigmas lobed, |

ite. F ollicles large, leafy, boat-shaped, dilated at the base, opening long
ore maturity, Seed solitary, albuminous, radicle next the hilum.

28. S. Scaphigera, jj. ; labrous, oblong-lanceolate
~ » Wall. Cat. 1130 ; leaves glabrous, oblong olan
jl “ved, calyx campanulate 5-parted lobes reflexed. Scaphium Wallichii,

` in. Benn. P] Jav, Rar. 236,

ARTABAN, Wallich; Maracca, Maingay. . .
thickened tee. Leaves 12-14 by 6 ine oriaceous, base rounded; petiole Pen

cued at the top. Flowers panicled. Calyx | in., pilose. š fl. : stamens 10 A

ile „pilose. Qf. ovary villous, on a long slender stalk, 2-celled, with a nng e
nthers at the base; style filiform, stigmas 2. Follicles at first pilose, ale
6-8 by 3-4 in., venoso-reticulate, 1-2-seeded. Seeds globose ; cotyledons pa:

nel * affinis, Mast, - leaves glabrous oblong base truncate 5-nerved,
M es of panicle downy flattened or angular, flowers very sm
ALACoa, Main aa, ° :
rent eaves 6.8 by 4-5 in., coriaceous, midrib striated beneath ; petiole thickly
striated, age » Striated. Panicle erect, as long as the leaves; pe

. ly crowded.
PN ular, subpilose, s reading; ultimate pedicels downy, densely -shaped
tube, pads ovoid, Pos, T in. Calyz-lobes ovate, longer than the funnel-shape

x k long, falcate, leafy, glabrescent, shining within. Seed ĝin.,

362 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) ([Sterewlia.

; 9 (gen).
Secr. VI. Pterocymbium, Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 21
Flowers sub-hermaphrodite. Anthers 10. Styles coherent, stigmas renee
Follicles 4-6, membranous, opening long before maturity. See 4 m.) ry;
albuminous ; radicle next the hilum, (Too nearly allied to Seaphuum.

30. S. campanulata, Wall. mss, ; leaves cordate ovate entire Cap
above pubescent beneath 5-nerved, panicles terminal, calyx turbina 2
panulate, seed glabrous, —Pterocymbium javanicum, Br. in Denn, £h
Rar. 219, t. 45; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 179.

Prov, Kurz.—DuisrnrB. Java. . : i shorter

A tree 50-60 ft.; bark brownish. Leaves 4 by 33 in. ; petiole equalling L pene 5
than the leaves; stipules } in. subulate, caducous. anicles termine’ bv
ing, shorter than the leaf; pedicels jointed. Bracteoles caducous. Ca gk one
coriaceous, divided half-way down; lobes lanceolate. Staminal column P'aliform
below. Ovaries 5, sessile, gibbous at the apex ; styles short, cohering ; sien ae borton,
recurved; ovules 2, collateral, erect, anatropal. Follicles 5-6, or fewer cont mem-
stipitate, glabrous. Seeds spherical, testa crustaceous, wrinkled, innermos
branous, between the two a woolly substance is interposed (Brown).

. ]

31. S. tubulata, Mast.; leaves glabrous entire oblong, abre" :
acuminate, cymes terminal, calyx tubular-turbinate, follicles p
seeds pilose.

Maracoa, Maingay. iole 1 in. Cymes

A tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in., coriaceous, 1-nerved, base rounded ; pets, spreading,
panicled, as long as the leaves, flowers numerous. Calya glabrous; lo es ders ina
ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Staminal column slender, pilose Er by 1 in,
ring, lobes parallel. Ovaries 5; styles inflexed, tips cohering. Zollicles 5, 2-
stipitate, oblong, acute, dilated at the base. Seed ovoid.

2. TARRIETIA, Blume.

uni-
Tall trees, Zeaves digitate or simple, glabrous or scaly. Fema
sexual, panicled. Calyx tubular, small, 5-toothed. Petals 0. thers, €
column short, bearing a ring of 10-15 very densely clustered an styles
parallel. Ovary of 3-5 nearly free carpels opposite the sep hell Ripe
many, short filiform, stigmatose within; ovules 1 in eac in š
carpels of stellately spreading samaras with long falcate ih Silum-
oblong ; albumen bipartible; cotyledons flat; radicle next the Malay

: Ç ] C e
Disrris. Known species 3 or 4, natives of Australia, Java, and th
Peninsula,

: . » anicie (né
retuse slightly 2-lobed with an intervening mucro, cymes p
as the leaves.
Maracoa, Maingay. ined, nerves
A tree. Leaves 6 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, 1-nerved, feather. vepe triper-
approximate ; petiole 2 in., striate, apex thickened. Cymes many: ovr
buds globose. Calyx clavate-campanulate, 5-toothed, downy externa.
minal column short; anthers annular, lobes parallel, globose. ! mely spa
sessile; stigmas spreading. Fruit samaroid, 3 in. oblong, obliquely
glabrous.

: ire apex
1. T. simplicifolia, Mast. ; leaves simple oblong quite om as |

D: "i
lobed,
ovary D alate,

3. HERITIERA, Aiton.

uni-
Trees Leaves coriaceous, simple, scaly beneath. rae mh 0.
Sexual, in axillary panicles. Calyx 5-, rarely 4—6-toothed or

Heritiera.) xxvii. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 363

Anthers in a ring at the top of the column, cells 2, parallel. Ovaries 5-6,
almost free ; style short, stigmas 5 thick ; ovules solitary in each cell Ripe
carpels woody, indehiscent, keeled or winged. Albumen 0; cotyledons
thick ; radicle next the hilum.—A genus of 4-5 species, natives of Tropical
Asia, Africa and Australia,

l. H. littoralis, Dryand. in DO. Prodr. i. 484; leaves oblong base
rounded or subcordate, ripe carpels smooth outer margin winged inner
keeled. W. & A. Prodr. L 63 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 142 ; Thwaites Enum. 28 ;
Br. in. Benn, Pl. Jav, Rar. 237 ; Mag. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, p. 179; Dalz. £
Gibs. Bomb. Fl'99, H, Fomes, Wall. Cat. 1139, partly ; H. macrophylla,
oh 2 Balanopteris Tothila, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 94, t. 99.—Rheede Hort, Mal.

Coasts of Bencar and of the Eastern and Western PrxiNsULAs and CEYLON,
extending inland as far as the Khasia hills and Cachar.—Disrris. Tropical coasts :
of the Old World. .

A tree. Leaves 5-8 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, white beneath, with flat scales; petiole
1-1 in. ; stipules lanceolate, caducous. d flowers small, in axillary much branched
qo which are shorter than the leaves. Calyx nearly 4 in., urceolate, 6-toothed,
ek Column short, Anthers 5. 9 flowers larger than the 6. Calyx bell-shaped.

ruts 1-4 in., oblong, woody, smooth or tubercled.

2, H. Fomes, Buch. in Symes Ava Emb. t. 28, (1800); leaves broadly
ceolate acuminate tapering at the base 1-nerved, ripe carpels obovate
ittened furrowed on the inner edge winged on the outer. Balanopteris

Pe in. Fruct. ii. t. 98, f. 2. Heritiera minor, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50,
` - 111. 142,

0 Abundant in the Ganeeric DELTA, extending inland to Sitner, and along the shores
€ Eastern PENINSULA.— DisrRim. Borneo. . h

and tree. Trunk straight, often deeply grooved. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., ashy beneat

nd scaly ; petiole 1 in.; panicles axillary, half the length of the leaves, crowded, much

sand. ed, Tusty-pubescent. Flowers small, } in., orange-coloured, bell-shaped.— Much
for firewood in Calcutta.

sil H. Papilio, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 218 ; leaves lanceolate 3-nerved
Cat, 3a d scaly beneath, lowers moncecious, ripe carpels winged. Wal.

AY ANcone and Sournern Carnatic, at Caurtallum and Tinnevelly, Beddome.
gold ity evergreen tree, all the young parts panicles and inflorescence clothed wit a
wrk. Soft, stellate tomentum. ` Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., young downy on 4 e upper
with of ultimately coriaceous, glabrous and shining beneath, permanently si very a

close.set scales; petiole 3-4 in.; stipules entire. Panicles axillary, much s orter
lab the leaves, f.: calyx campanulate, 4-5-cleft. Staminal column slen er,
Sbrous; anthers 4-5. 9 t.: calyx 4 in., 5-6-cleft. Carpels 5-6, ultimate y quite
sam th a pair of staminodes between each. Stigmas recurved. Hy » aes
aroid, wing large, subdeltoid, membranous, like that of some butterflies (Beddome).
NA ATTENUATA, Wall, Cat. 1140; Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Har. 237, is a species of
a. (See Rutacee.)

4. REEVESIA, Lindl.
bs or trees, Zeaves simple. Flowers numerous, white, in terminal
duct branched cymes. Calyx campanulate or funnel-shaped, 5-fid. Petals

Wed. Staminal- f; date to th ophore, bearing a globose head
of 2-celled anthers, cells diverging, uiae confluent. Ovary 5-lobed,

364 XXVII. STERCULIACEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Reevesia.

-celled ; stigma sessile, 5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatro-
Som; raphe “turned away from the placenta. Capsule woody septicidally
5-valved. Seeds 1-2 superposed, ascending oblong, compressed, win >
downwards, hilum lateral near the top ; albumen fleshy ; cotyle - i ah
foliaceous, radicle inferior.—DISTRIB. 1 or 2 species, natives of e
Asia. |

1. R. Wallichii, Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 231 ad not. ; leaves thinly
stellate hairy beneath oblong acuminate base rounded, calyx campanula
. Sterculia punduana, Wall. Cat. 2701; Griff. Itin. Notes, 73.

Eastern TRoricaAL HIMALAYA ; KHASIA Mrs., alt. 8000—4000 ft. ; Bhotan, Griffith ;
Sikkim, J. D. H. . .

A tree 50 ft. Leaves 3 by 14 in., quite entire, 1-nerved, thinly stellate-hairy; petiole
thickened at both ends; stipules deciduous. Cymes panicled, dense, E casi
the fallen leaves, ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers, jointed, tals aes
Flower-buds pyviform. Calyx & in., at first closed, afterwards 5-fid. Pe get ‘he
spathulate, clawed, exceeding the calyx. Staminal column slender, longer bacio
flower, with 5 very short terminal divisions, each bearing 3 extrorse anthers; co ad]
thick. Carpels pubescent; style very short. Capsule 14-2 in, pendu ous, dE
oblong, obtuse, 5-lobed; lobes keeled, septicidally dehiscent, ultimately sep
through the dorsal suture also. Seeds pendulous.

inate
2. R. pubescens, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong acumina
base cordate, flowers panicled, calyx funnel-shaped.

Eastern Tropica HIMALAYA; Sikkim, 7. Anderson; Bhotan, Grifji th jin gub-

A tree; branches thinly sprinkled with stellate hairs. Leaves 4-6 by ath: petiole
coriaceous, glabrescent above, pubescent beneath, nerves stellate hairy bon out ulti-
lin. Panicle terminal, many-flowered, peduncles, pedicels, and calyx P bed "lobes
mate pedicels shorter than the flower. Calyx } in., infundibuliform, s “the calyx.
broadly ovate acute. Petals pink, linear-spathulate, twice the length o Differs from
Staminal column stout, 4 times longer than the calyx. Fruit not seen.—
R. Wallichii in its pubescent, cordate leaves, and larger flowers.

5. KLEINHOVIA, Linn.

A tree. Leaves palminerved, ovate, acuminate, quite entire. Z nfi i Petals
terminal, lax, cymose. Bracteoles small, ensiform. Sepals deciduou umn
5, unequal, upper with longer claws, margins involute. pA extrorse
dilated above into a bell-shaped, 5-fid cup, divisions each wit inal cup,
2-celled anthers, cells divergent. Ovary inserted in the stam! inflated,
5 lobed, 5-celled ; style slender, stigma 5-fid. Capsule membranous, 7 albu-
pyriform, loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, tuberc e is "
men scanty or 0 ; cotyledons convolute ; radicle next the hilum.—
One species only. A
1. X. Hospita, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 488; Wall. Cat. 1152; V iim
Prodr. i. 64; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 141 ; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. FI. TAA in Oliv.
Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 4; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 186 ; War
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 226. ' tfal natives

. , ub
EASTERN and WEsTERN PENINSULAs; Southern Concan, Nimmo ; (a do CxYLON.—

Gibs. and Dalz.); Carnatic, Matacca and Sixcapore, Wallich, &c.

Disrris, Java, Philippines, East tropical Africa. 2-3 in. 5-nerved,

Trunk straight ; bark smooth ; branches spreading. Leaves 6-12 by *pules ensiform.

smooth on both surfaces; petiole nearly as long às the blade; wie’ tubercled-
ers rose-coloured. Petals 5, shorter than the lanceolate sepals.

Helicteres.] XXVII. srERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 365

6. HELICTERES, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, more or less stellate-pubescent, Leaves simple. Flowers
axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx tubular, 5-fid, often irregular. Petals
5, clawed, equal or unequal, the claws often with ear-shaped appendages.

minal column adnate to the gynophore, 5-toothed or lobed at the apex ;
anthers in groups at the top of the column between its teeth, 2-celled, cells
lvergent, sometimes confluent. Ovary at the top of the column, 5-lobed
5-celled ; styles awl-shaped, more or less united, slightly thickened and
stigmatose at the tips ; ovules many in each cell. ollicles spirally twisted
or straight. Seeds tubercled ; albumen scanty; cotyledons leafy, folded
round the radicle which is next the hilum.— DISTRIB. About 30 species,
natives of the tropics of both hemispheres, most abundant in America,

Scr. I. Spirocarpwa. Ripe carpels spirally twisted.

Prod,
28 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat, Anal. Gen. t. 5; Wight Ic. t. 1805 Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. i. pt. 2,169. H. chrvsocalyx, Mig. in Pl. Hohen. H. Roxburghii,

ovate, often lobed, shortly acuminate, serrate, scabrous above, pubescent beneath ;

Petiole 1 in., as long as the linear subulate stipules. Peduncles 2-3 together, in a short
axillary cyme. Bracteoles small, subulate. Flowers 14 in. Calyx gibbous, laterally

scales, „Sta

MT 1. tomentosa; under side of leaves tomentose, W. & A. Lej; Wall. Cat.

Secr. II. Orthocarpseea. Ripe carpels straight, not spirally twisted.

2 H. angustifolia, Z.; DC. Prodr. i. 476; leaves glabrous above
Way tomentose beneath, ripe carpels stellate-pilose sometimes mossy,
Cn Cat. 1180. H. lanceolata, DC. Prodr. i. 476., H. virgata, Wall
; at. 1181, Qudemansia integerrima, Mig. Pl. Jungh. i. 296 ; Fl. [nd. Dat.
ity, » 170. O. integerrima var. 8 angustifolia, Hassk. Hort. Bog.i. 98 ;

T

Merev G . . .

5, Griffith ; MALACCA.— DisrRrB. Java, Siam, China. . f
Shrabby. eaves 3 by 4 in.; base tapering, 3-nerved, entire or minute! serrnlate ;
bage in. Cymes racemose-fasciculate ; peduncles 1 in. Calyx j in. ue s inear,
obi," than the stamens, with two teeth at the base of the limb. Carpels } to} in.,

Cng, obtuse, apiculate.— Varies in breadth of leaf and amount of pubescence.

3H elon . bliquely oblong-lanceolate
*9'ongata, Wall, Cat, 1845; leaves obliquely :
state thinly stellate hi iry above pubescent and stellate-hairy beneath,
Carpels stellate-hairy cr mossy. uu
1000 t: at Taong Dong; Bima, Grifith, Wallich ; Eastern Benoa, Sikkim, alt.
h 7 cee shrub „Tuns “hes very slender, stellate hairy. Leaves 3 by 13 in. ;
pee tin Ones elongate, ferma pearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered.

366 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) | Helicteres.

i bescent.
Bracteoles setaceous. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-fid; lobes deltoid-lanceolate, pu t
Carpels 5, 1-14 in., oblong, beaked,—Varies in amount of pubescence, and m shager
ness of capsule. The Himalayan forms have subglabrous leaves and very shaggy
carpels.

4 H. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1184; leaves thickly stellate hairy shore
pubescent beneath oblong obtuse entire base rounded, cymes ri
ripe carpels shaggy oblong obtuse. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. a
li. 62,

Tavoy, Gomez; Mercur, Grifith; Moutmein, Lobb; Prev, M:Lelland; ANDAMAN
Isrps., Kurz.—Distris. China. . se entire

Shrubby, herbaceous portions ferruginous. Leaves 24-4 by lin., P inute
3-nerved, petiole 4 in. Cymes not much exceeding the petiole ; pedicels wit ^W »
setaceous bracteoles beneath the flower. Flower-buds ovoid, Flowers small, jin.
Calyx cylindric campanulate. Ripe carpels scarcely 1 inch.

5. E. glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. 1185; leaves obliquely lanceo
base cordate thinly stellate-hairy serrulate, ripe carpels short stellate-hairy.
? H. spinulosa, Wall. Cat. 1847.

Ava, at Prome, Wallich; Birma, Griffith. "wn

Shrubby, diffuse; branches very slender, virgate, purple, glabrescent. boa m
by 4-1} in. ; petiole } in.; stipules subulate, deciduous, as long as the petiole. beaked,
spicate ; peduncles half the length of the leaf, Ripe carpels 4-3 in., oblong,
stellate-hairy.—F lowers not examined.

6. H. spicata, Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 1845, B. 1182; leaves B
hairy above downy beneath oblong lanceolate acuminate, base 0 eltita,
subcordate, cymes elongated spike-like, ripe carpels long shaggy. H. Mr:
Wall. Cat. 1844. H. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1183 partly. H. grewizfolia, M at.
Cat. 1443. H. hirsuta t, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2686. . "
From Srxxm, Assam, and Ava, to Penane.—Disrris. Malayan Archipelago
China (cult. ?). lanceo-
Shrubby. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., varying in breadth from ovate-oblong to tiole.
late, unequally serrate; petiole 4-3 in.; stipules setaceous, as long as the pe yz
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flower, iid
nearly 4 in., bell-shaped, curved, distended at the base, downy. Ripe carpe hagg)-
in. ; stalks exserted from the persistent calyx, oblong-lanceolate, bea ed, very Ariel.
— Variable. The following form is sufficiently distinct to be made a separate i bescent
Var. lanigera, pubescent, leaves thinly hairy with simple hairs abore, po very
and stellate hairy mE coarsely and irregularly toothed, ripe carpels oblong
ensely shaggy. H. lanigera, Wall. Cat. 1846. is
The plant labelled in Wall. Cat. 2687 as H. longifolia and also as H. carthagerni

LJ ` .` .` 3 1 to
1s apparently a form of this species with narrow leaves; but it is too imperfect
accurately determined.

I , es a. b
7. H. plebeja, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 67; p
scabrous, leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong dentate, ripe
stellate-tomentose and muricate.
ARRACAN, Kurz. rous
Leaves 3-5 in., mostly petioled, base rounded, slightly hispidulous or riens
above, stellate-hispid and scabrous beneath, densely cano-tomentose wA Petals

Cymes few-flowered. Flowers small, yellowish. Calyx §—4 in., stellate-hairy.
longer than the calyx (Kurz lc.)

7. PTEROSPERMUM, Schreb.

Trees or shrubs, scaly or stellate-tomentose. Leaves usually pinus
leathery, oblique, simple or lobed, penninerved, Peduncles l7

Plerospermum.] XXVII. STERCULIACE X. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 867

and terminal. Bracteoles entire, laciniate, persistent or caducous. Calyx
ot 5 more or less connate sepals. Petals 5, deciduous with the calyx,

minal column short, bearing, opposite to the sepals, 3 linear 2-celled
anthers between each pair of five antipetalous ligulate staminodes ; cells
parallel ; connective apiculate. Ovary inserted within the top of the
staminal column, 3-5-celled ; style entire, stigma 5-furrowed ; ovules many
m each cell. Capsule woody or coriaceous, terete or angled, loculicidally
5-valved. „Seeds winged above, attached in two rows to the inner angle of
the cells of the capsule; albumen thin or 0; cotyledons plaited or cor-
tugated, radicle inferior.— DISTRIB. A genus of about 15 species, confined
to tropical Asia. .

* Bracteoles linear, entire, very caducous,

1. P. Jackianum, Wall. Cat. 1164; leaves rusty-pubescent beneath `
oblong abruptly acuminate undulate entire base 1-nerved, flowers sub-
sessile, capsule ovoid acute.—P. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1165.

PrxAxo, Jack, Wallich, &c. iole }i

A tree. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., oblique, nerves stellate-hairy beneath; petiole } in.;
stipules caducous. Flowers solitary, axillary, 12 in. diam. Bracteoles minute, linear-
sabulate, Flower-buds lanceolate, 5-ribbed. Sepals 2 in., linear-lanceolate, rusty-
T entose externally, villous within. Petals half the length of the sepals. Capsule
bby in, terete, shortly stalked, covered. with flat scaly hairs, 5-celled.

+ P. suberifolium, Lam. JI t. 576, f. ii. not of Roxb. ; leaves creamy-
n cent beneath oblong abruptly acuminate coarsely toothed or somewhat
Obed towards the apex base cuneate rounded or subcordate 4-nerved,
Thee ovoid or obovoid-terete, seeds 4 in each cell. W. & A. Prodr. i. 68. ;
Mattes Enum. 30; Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24; Wight in Hook. Bot.

8. ni t. 26; Wall. Cat. 1166; 1172 in part. P. canescens, Roxb, Hort.
wi ; Fl. Ind. iii. 1162. P. oblongum, frail. Cat. 11651 Pentapetes sube-

ola, Z. ; Cav, Diss, iii. t. 43, f. 2.

TERN PexissULA ; Madras, Pondicherry, &c.; Ava, at Amherst, Wallich; Ceytoy,

A small tree. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves stellate-
the? hot prominent ; setiao i t, rusty pilose. Pluncles axillary, twice as long as
white fee Bracteoles very caducous. Flower-buds oblong. Flowers lj in. iam.,
Q te, fragrant. Sepals oblong, revolute. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, equa ing he
Lin Cells of ovary 4-ovuled. Capsule 1-2 in., subangular, tapering to ot en 8,
Th "Aed, valves covered with dense fluffy pubescence. Seeds 2-4 in eac cell —

Amherst specimen (P. oblongum, Wall.) is imperfect, and may belong mE
Mose probably to P. Jackianum, according to a fruit preserved in the Rew

‘ diversifolium, Blume Bijdr. 88; leaves hoary beneath obovate-
acuminate sinuate rarely peltate 3-5-lobed base cordate 1-nerved,
large subclavate-oblong 5-angled. P. acerifolium, Zol. & Morr. Syst.
» excl. syn, Willd,

Jay . ioca, Maingay; Sournern Carnatic, at Tinnevelly, Beddome. — Disrris.
a, Philippi 8. , ,

3. P
oblon
tapsu],

e
Verz, 97

ne '

i ilose; petiole 1 in. ;

> Leaves 6-8 by 2} in., coriaceous, veins arched, rusty-pilose; pe ;

Dae Peduncles shorter’ than the petioles. Flower buds cereo
Within, o otte, strap-shaped. Sepals 5-6 in., linear, rusty-tomen ;

in.; woody, sulcate,
Mpeting to the sain? shorter than the style. Capsule 8-10 im. ; y |

368 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermun.

** Bracteoles laciniate or palmately divided.

4. P. rubiginosum, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1168, 1168 B; leaves rusty-
pubescent beneath obliquely ovate-lanceolate entire base 4-nerved, capsule
oblong beaked 5-angled 5-furrowed. W. £ A. Prodr. i. 68; Beddome lor.
Sylvat. t. 106. . ;

Western PENINSULA; Canara at Tellicherry, Rottler ; Travancor at Quilon, Wight.

A shrub; branches slender, rod-like. Leaves 2 by 2 in., upper smaller, coriaceous,
obliquely cordate, midrib with 2 nerves on one side and one on the other, basal lobe
rounded, often overlapping the corresponding lobe of the adjoining leaf; petiole iin
stipules oblique, laciniate. Peduncles 1-3 in. Bracteoles caducous. Flower- A
oblong, downy. Flowers 13 in. diam. Sepals 1 in., linear, rusty-tomentose. Caps
2 in., ultimately glabrous.

5. P. acerifolium, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 500; leaves roundish or
oblong simple or lobed entire or coarsely toothed palmately nerved -
cordate often peltate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, capsule pen
oblong angled sulcate glabrescent. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50 ; Fl. Ind. T ,
W. & A. Prodr. i. 69; Wight Ic. t. 63 ; Wall. Cat. 1170, P. aceroides, Ha^
Cat. 1171 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873,11. 62. Pentapetes acerifo
Cav. Diss, iii. t. 44, ;

From the N. Wesr Himanaya, in Kumaon, alt. 4000 ft., to Chittagong, To
and the Concan. Both Roxburgh and Wight question it being @ native either
Bengal or the Western Peninsula.—Disrris. Java (native ?). 10-14

A large tree; bark smooth, herbaceous portions floccose-pubescent. Leaves I5.
by 6-12 in., polymorphous, palmately 7-12-nerved, adult glabrescent above, cano pi rib
scent beneath, nerves prominent beneath and stellate-hairy ; petioles like the midnr’,
striated, lower as long or longer than the blade ; stipules multifid, caducous.
buds oblong, obtuse, 5-angled, rusty-tomentose outside. Bracteoles caducous. Patais
5-6 in. diam., pure white, fragrant. Sepals linear-oblong, internally villous. Jab-
linear-oblong, somewhat cuneate, but little shorter than the calyx. Stamno 5 A
shaped. Ovary oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, cells many-ovuled. Capsule 4-61. i
first covered with a reddish fluffy crust, 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds numerous 1n — m
obliquely ovoid, compressed: wing large, thin; testa brown, smooth ; albumen, vi :
mucilaginous ; cotyledons thin, folded (Roxb.).—The flowers render water gelatino

6. P. semisagittatum, Ham. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 160; leaves peopel
lanceolate entire base very obliquely cordate or sagittate auricled 7
side, bracteoles deeply laciniate, capsule elliptic-oblong terete. "4^

4.

Currraooxo, H. f. & T.; Birma, Wallich, Griffith ; 'TENASSERIM, at Martala?
Wallich. (Carnatic, probably cultivated.) es 5-6
A large tree. Bark ash-coloured, herbaceous portions very downy.
by 13 in., glabrescent above, hoary beneath, 5-7-nerved, auricle often as
petiole which is 1 in.; stipules pinnatifid. Flowers terminal and axillary,
solitary on short, rusty-tomentose, drooping peduncles, 5-6 in. diam., pure ontside,
Bracteoles conspicuous. F'lower-buds lanceolate. Sepals linear, tomentose fors
pubescent within. Petals obliquely obovate-cuneate, stellate-hairy externally. los
nodes as long as the style. Capsule woody, 2-3 by 14 in., covered with belt
fluffy down. Seeds about 10 in each cell, winged much as in P. spe, forthe
Dr. Brandis informs me that the geographical distribution of this species nee

enquiry.

7. P. lancegefolium, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl Ind. iii. 1
lanceolate and l-nerved acuminate base rounded, capsule ovo
obscurely 5-angled. Wall. Cat. 1172. Kuas, Me

Nortu-W EsT Himanaya, Kumaon, Madden; SILBET, Roxburgh; the
ascending to 4000 ft. ; Texasserm at Tavoy, Wallich.

63 P leaves
id acute,

Plerospermum.] XXVII. STERCULIACEAX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 369

A tree. Shoots slender, virgate, hoary. Leaves 3-6 by 1| in., glabrescent above,
covered with whitish or cream-coloured tomentum beneath, nerves stellate-hairy ; petiole
very short. Stipules 2—3.fid, subulate-lanceolate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles
axillary, half the length of the leaves, dilated atthe top. Flower-buds oblong, striated.
F lowers 2-3 in. diam., sweet-scented, white. Sepals linear, rusty-pubescent, villous
Within, Petals obliquely cuneate, longer than the sepals. Capsule 3 by 14-2 in,
elliptic, covered with light grey down. Seeds 2-4 in each cell.

8. P. reticulatum, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 69; leaves pubescent beneath
oblong entire or coarsely toothed towards the apex acuminate 3-nerved
e cuneate, peduncles longer than the petioles, capsule oblong acute slight_y

r furrowed, seeds 4 in each cell.

Marasan; on the N aggar hills, Wight.

A tree. Leaves 4 by 14 in. coriaceous, whitish beneath, nerves prominent, rusty
stellate-hairy ; petiole very short. Peduncles 3-flowered. Bracteoles 3-sect, segments
linear. Flowers 12 in. diam. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals obovate-oblong. Staminodes

orm. Ovary with about 6 ovules in each cell. Capsule 3 in., furfuraceous.

9. P. Heyneanum, Wall. Cat. 1169 ; leaves oblong acuminate coarsely
toothed or lobed near the apex 4-5-nerved base cuneate subcordate rarely
Peltate, peduncles as long as the petiole, capsule oblong acute obscurely
S-angled scarcely furrowed, seeds 8-10 in eac cell. W. £ A. Prodr. i. 69;

Vight Ic. t. 489. P. suberifolium, Willd. Sp. ii. 728; Bot, Mag. 1526;
(20. Hort, Beng. 50; FL Ind. ii. 160. P. Lawianum, Nimmo in Grah.
Cat. Bomb. Pl. 246 ; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 24. Pentaglottis suberifolia,
Wall. Cat. 1169, partly. Velaga xylocarpa, Gaertn. Fruct, ii. 245, t. 133.

Mountainous tracts throughout the WEsTERN PENINSULA. .

i middle-sized tree, herbaceous portions rusty-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2-34 in.,
variable in form and size, coriaceous, rarely lobed or peltate, whitish beneath, nerves

Tominent, 'rust y -pilose ; petiole pubescent, à in. Stipules deciduous, ensiform.
racteoles persistent, imbricate, deeply gashed. lowers large, pure white, fragrant.
pals 2 in., oblong, revolute, hairy outside. Petals obovate, spreading. Capsule 2 in.,
Pointed at both ends, more or less deeply furrowed at the sides, at first densely fur-
Waceous, afterwards glabrescent.—'he nervation of the leaves varies in different
Specimens, or even on the same; when the leaves are entire the secondary nerves
âre arched, when coarsely toothed or lobed they are strictly feather-nerved the
ndary nerves running out directly into the lobes.

l0. P. glabrescens W. & A. Prodr. i. 69 ; leaves obovate shortly and
suddenly acuminate base cuneate cordate or subpeltate 5-nerved, stipules
lüre peduncles as long as the petioles, capsule large oblong 5-angle

t. 58 cells 10-12-seeded, Wall. Cat. 1169, partly.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vi.

Hills of the WEsrERN PENINSULA ; the Concan, MALABAR, and CoROMANDEL.

terves e Leaves 6 by 34 in., coriaceous, glabrescent above, ashy pubescent beneath,

length of Icuous, rusty-pilose; petiole 1-4 in. Stipules ligulate, ent e

is „° the petiole. “Bracteoles deciduous. Flower-buds ovoid, acu x owers

sepals lam. Sepals linear-oblong, villous within. Petals oblong, nearly as bi E s the

Wards 1 apsule 5-6 in., stipitate, at first covered with floccose rusty tome tum, ate

to thi glabrous.— [t is not quite certain that the flowers above described be g ly
lS species, Wight describes the stipules as palmate, but in his specimens they

€
Y Pro bly it is not distinct trom P. diversifolium, Bl. "
l. P. obtusif sa sumata, capeule
olium, Wight ms. ; leaves glabrescen
oblon neath obovate oblong A -nerved apex 2-lobed base — ara
8 obtuse tubercled downy.

ALABAR, and th C : Courtall Wight.
| ons, Lesser 3-4 by 24-3 in, cortacooas, slightly oblique, obscurely, and remotely

970 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Pterospermum.

i i the
toothed near the apex, feather-nerved ; petiole 1 in., downy. Pedundle longor Ni i:
petiole, jointed in the middle. Bracteoles and flowers not seen. ap e clea fruit
covered with squarish truncated tubercles.— Very distinct in its curiously

8. ERIOLIENA, DC.

Trees. Leaves simple or lobed, downy or stellate-tomentose beneath
Peduncles axillary, 1-many-flowered. Bracteoles 3-5, laciniate, or flat, with
caducous. Calyx, at first spathaceous, ultimately 5-parted. Pe t rnally Bos
dilated tomentose claws. Staminal column short, bearing allel Stami-
merous linear-oblong 2-celled anthers, in many series, cells pare e ronding;
nodes 0. Ovary sessile, 5-10-celled ; style erect, stigmas 5-1 SPa above:
ovules many in each cell. Capsule woody, loculicidal. Seeds w DEN t the
albumen thin, cotyledons plaited or contortuplicate, radicie
hilum.—A genus of 7 or 8 exclusively Asiatic species.

* Bracteoles deeply cut,

ish
1l. E. Wallichii, DC. Mem, Mus. x. t.5; leaves ovate or roundi
acuminate 7-nerved base cordate, peduncles 1-flowered, bracteo SR 1
sect, sepals lanceolate, style pilose. Wall. Cat. 1174, C.
Ham. in Wall, Cat. p. 157, 1174, B.
Nirar, Wallich. : ate-
A shrub, herbaceous portions shaggy-tomentose. Leaves 4-8 by nci dy in,
serrate, pilose above, stellate-tomentose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in. Stipu leat Flowers
leafy, lanceolate, with acute lobes. Peduncles villous, shorter than the ‘thin.
23 in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, floccose-tomentose outside, villous wi
orbicular, with a narrow hairy claw. Column glabrous. Fruit not seen.

. inate

2, E. Stocksii, ook. fil. et Thoms. ms. ; leaves roundish sabaot at
5-7-nerved. base cordate, peduncles 3-flowered longer than the ]
teoles bipinnatisect mossy, sepals cuspidate, style pilose.

WESTERN Peninsuta; Conca, Stocks. ` . PEN 3 in,

A shrub, bark purplish, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. | Leaven s AY late
crenate, stellate-hairy above, pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in.. b tals spathu-
Flower 14 in. diam. ` Sepals cuspidate, glandular at the base within.
late. Ovary 10-lobed. Fruit not seen.

: jnate

3. E. Hookeriana, W. £ A. Prodr. i, 70 ; leaves roundish 7ean t e

serrate base cordate, peduncles many-flowered, bracteoles s ^s at. Anal,
calyx much cut pubescent, styles pubescent.— Beddome Flor. DY

Gen. t. 5. g, alt.

y : DEHA

Western Peninsuta; the Concan, Nilghiri, and Pulney Mts., Wight; B
1-4000 ft., J. D. H. . h way, thinly stellate-
A tree, herbaceous portions stellate-downy. Leaves 4 in. each w y Inent beneath;
hairy or glabrescent above, rusty-tomentose beneath, nerves Pt length glabrous,
petiole 2 in. Pedumele longer than the petiole, stellate-hairy, a , 10-valved;

! inted

Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals narrow-lanceolate. Capsule 1 in., ovoid, pon

valves downy, tubercled or pitted, villous at the inner angle. P
5; leave

4. E. Candollei, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 51, t. 64; Cat. n, brac-
ovate acuminate base cordate lobes rounded, peduncles many . Fl 24.
teoles pinnatitid pubescent, style glabrous. alz. § Gibs. Ram Ghat in

Birma ; Mountains of Prome, Wallich; WESTERN PENINSULA ; ;
Concan, Dalzell. Bnorax? Herb. Griffith. š 5 by 4 in; uppe

A tree, bark grey, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leone. beneath, create
smaller, palmately 5—7-nerved, stellate-hairy above, grey-pubescen

Erilena. XXVII. srERCULIACEz. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 371

dentate; petiole 14-3 in. Flowers crowded, yellow, 14 in. Peduncles shorter than
the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, glandular within at the base, slightly exceeding the
bracteoles. Petals oblong, apex notched, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid; style
glabrous, stigmas 8-10, revolute. Capsule 2 by 1 in. woody, ovoid, acute, beaked,
10-Lobed, 10-valved ; valves oblong, acute, keeled or rounded at the back, villous or
rarely glabrous at the inner margin. Seeds oo imbricate ; embryo erect, cotyledons flat.
— The Bhotan plant may, when fuller material is accessible, prove to be distinct.

** Bracteoles entire, or nearly so (Jackia, Spreng. ; Schillera, Reich.),

5. E. spectabilis, P/anch. in Herb. Hook.; leaves ovate acuminate
base cordate, cymes many-flowered panicled, bracteoles a little below the
flower linear entire rarely lobed, style pilose at the base. Wallichia specta-
bilis, DC. Mem. Mus. x. 104, t. 6. Microlena spectabilis, Wall. Cat. 1173.
Gumsia tiliacea, Wall. Cat. 1173 D. G. chloroxylon, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
p. 157, 1173, E.

CENTRAL HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Wallich; Simla, Webb. .

À shrub or small tree, young shoots stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 14 in., unequally
serrate, 7-9-nerved, scabrid above, ashy-pubescent beneath; petiole 2 in. Stipules
capillary. Peduncles longer than the leaves ; ultimate pedicels stellate-hairy, nearly as
ong as the flower. Flowers 2 in. diam., sulphur-coloured. Buds oblong. Calyx at
first “pathaceous, ultimately 5-parted; sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals obovate-spathu-
late, claw thick, villous. Ovary ovoid, villous, œ-celled ; stigmas œ. Capsule 14 in.,

inet, oblong ; valves obtuse, tubercled, villous at the inner angle.— Yields a fibre fit
or rope-making,

6. E. quinquelocularis, Wight under Ic, t. 882 ; Ic. Index 36 ; leaves
Toundish toothed apex acute shortly acuminate base cordate, bracteoles a little
istance from the flower minute caducous entire or lobed, style hairy stigma
510-lobed, Bedd. FJ. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t.5. Microchlzna quinquelocularis,
W. & A. Prodr. i. 71. M. flavescens, Garcke in Pl. Hohenack. No. 1533.
Benar, alt. 1-4000 ft, J. D. H.; Western Pexinsura, Nilghiri mts., Gardner;
Ambator, Wight ; Concan, Dalzell; Belgaum Ghats, Ritchie.
: tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 24-3 in. each way, palmately
Térved, thinly stellate-hairy or glabrescent above, whitish and softly pubescent be-
Pt ; petioles 2 in. Cymes at the end of the branches; peduncles longer than the
Caves, stellate-hairy ; pedicels shorter than the flower, jointed above the middle.
ower-buds ovate-oblong. Sepals 3 in., lanceolate, stellate-hairy, glandular at the
an within, Petals equalling the sepals; claw broad, pubescent. Column as long as
not Petals. Stigmas revolute. Capsule 1} in., oblong, pointed, 5-10-valved ; valves
ubercled, usually villous at the inner angle. Seeds numerous,

9. PENTAPETES, Linn.

Leaves hastate- . Flowers axillary. Bracteoles 3, ca-
Ses subulate. Spas eraa ata connate at the base. Petals 5.
with 20, connate at the base, 15 fertile in 5 groups (of 3 each) alternating
d àminodes, which are nearly as long as the petals ; anthers 2-ce ed,
and thicker 777 Sessile, 5-celled, cells many ovuled ; style entire, twis es
44 thickened upwards, stigmas 5 minute. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved.
icl <12, 2-seriate in each cell, not winged; cotyledons plaited, 2 partite,
i e inferior... A single species, widely distributed in tropical Asia.
j Phoenicea, Linn. ; nd. iii. 157; W. A. Prodr. L 67 ;
Ca Ca 1157, 2,3, EA Lai po i. pt. 2, 190. Dombeya pheenicea,
Thos i. t 43, £ T.— Rheede, Hort, Mal. x. t. 56. nm
Pamasura t the hotter parts of India, from the PANJAB to Biema an

BB2

372 XXVII. STERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Pentapetes.

A branched anual, 2-5 ft., glabrous or with a few scattered stellate hairs. Leaves
8-5 in., 1-nerved, crenate-serrate ; petiole 1 in. Stipules subulate. Peduncle eu
axillary, as long as or longer than the petiole, 1-2-flowered, jointed near t ° flow h
Bracteoles half the length of the calyx. Flowers red, opening at noon and c osing ^
the following dawn. Sepals stellate-hairy, with a few simple bristles. Petals obovate.
Style short. Capsule subglobose, bristly, half the length of the persistent calyx.

10. MELHANTA, Forsk.

Undershrubs. Leaves simple, downy. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
Bracteoles 3-5, cordate, often longer than the sepals. Flowers o dom
Sepals 5, connate below. Petals 5 marcescent. Stamens 10, connate many
into a very short tube, fertile filaments 5, alternating with as d
ligulate staminodes ; anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, erui
many-ovuled ; styles 5, subulate, connate below, stigmatiferous on t deu
face. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds albuminous;, need ove
plicate, biparted, radicle inferior.—DistriB. Species 16 distribu
the hotter parts of Africa, Asia, and Australia.

* Bracteoles linear,

1. M. incana, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1200; leaves narrow elliptieoblons
serrulate, bracteoles linear-oblong shorter than the calyx, Papa Bat. i
globose shorter than the calyx. ]W. £ A. Prodr. i, 68; Mig. Fl :
pt. 2, 191.

Western PENINSURA ; dry hills in the Carnatic and Mysore, Heyne, &c.
Suffruticose, branches spreading. Leaves 1-2 by 4-4 in., linear-oblong, kave Pte
subcordate, tomentose beneath ; peduncle 1-2-flowered, as long as the Be P P ovat e
in the middle. Flowers small. Sepals 1 in., lanceolate, acuminate. data in each
longer than the sepals. Capsule hairy, shorter than the sepals. Seeds
cell, tubercled. f btuse
2. M. abyssinica, A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 76, t. 18 ; leaves e facteoles
crenate-dentate pubescent above paler and tomentose beneath, st. in Oliv.
linear shorter than the calyx, capsule longer than the calyx. Ma ia ovata,
Fl. Trop, Afr. i. 231. Brotera ovata, Cav. Ic. v. 20, 433. Melhani
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 841, excl. syn.
SINDH, Stoeks.—Disrris. Cape de Verde islands, Abyssinia.
Suffruticose, cano-tomentose, branches prostrate intricate spread
3 in., doubly-serrate; petiole À in. Stipules 3 in., capillary. Pedun

. 1by
ing. Leaves ^ .
les axillary, 85
cteoles nearly

long as or longer than the petiole, 2-4-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Bra le very
as long as the lanceolate sepals. Petals obovate, shorter than the sepals. Sty
short. Capsule slightly exceeding the persistent calyx.
** Bracteoles broad, at least at the base. ore:
e,
3. M. cannabina, Wightin Herb. Kew. ; leaves „oblong wwe:
nulate base subcordate, bracteoles lanceolate equalling the

cuspidate sepals, capsule subgibbous shorter than the calyx.

Western PENINSULA ; in the Carnatic and Mysore, Wight, &c.

A shrub, herbaceous portions cano-pubescent. Leaves 24-14 in., 8
beneath; petioles 14 in. Stipules fugacious. Cymes peduncled ; perv rac
the petioles; ultimate pedicels shorter than the flowers. Flowers 4 in. dig rugose.
striated. Capsule villous, the size of a large pea. Seeds numerous, ange 79,

ndish-
4 M. Hamiltoniana, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. i. t, 77 ; leaves PC the

ice
ovate subcordate obtuse unequally toothed, peduncles axillary bap
length of the petiole, bracteoles cordate-ovate longer than the

ler
3-nerved, pa
putre equalling

Melhania.| — xxvir. STERCULIACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 373

Western PENINSULA and Birma.

À shrub, cano-tomentose, branches spreading. Leaves 2~3 in., pubescent on both
Surfaces, white beneath, 5-nerved ; petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous, scarcely shorter
than the petiole. ,Peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. Bracteoles recurved
at the edges. Sepals lanceolate, cuspidate, villous. Petals yellow, obovate, oblique,
longer than the sepals. Staminodes ligulate. Capsule ovoid, obscurely truncated at
the to , villous, shorter than the calyx, 5-celled, cells many-seeded. Seeds oblong,
Somewhat 4-sided, truncated, tubercled.

^R. 1. tomentosa ; leaves rounded or subcordate at the base densely tomentose
obtuse, petals hardly exceeding the sepals. Pentapetes tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1156.—
Dry places on the banks of the Irawaddi, Wall,

AR. 2. abutiloides, Arn. (sp.); leaves deeply cordate cano-tomentose more mem-
TanOus acute or acuminate, petals much exceeding the sepals. Wight. Ic. t. 23.—
Western Peninsula.

5. M. futteyporensis, Munro in Herb. Hook. ; leaves oblong acu-
minate serrate base cordate, bracteoles equalling the calyx cordate-oblong
acute margins recurved, sepals lanceolate cuspidate. M. Hamiltoniana,
Munro, Hort. Agrens, 9 (not of Wall) u

Norra Wesrery Inpra, from the Indus Valley, alt. 2500 ft., Stewart, to Delhi,
F alconer, and Bundelkhund, Edgeworth; Sinon, Stocks. . .

A cano-pubescent shrub. Leaves 3 by 2 in. petiole 1 in. Stipules setaceous.

eduncles axillary and terminal, 2-4-flowered, twice the length of the petiole. lowers

Vin. diam. Capsule 4 in., oblong, villous, scarcely so long as the sepals.

$ M. tomentosa, Stocks in Herb. Hook. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate
‘renate-serrate, base rounded, peduncles terminal cymose, bracteoles oblong-

Reeolate cuspidate shorter than the sepals, M. abutiloides, Auch, Cat.

uni. Pl, 23 partly, not of Arn.

The Pangan, Aitchison ; Sinna, Stocks. . ler and

rand-tomentose shrub. Leaves 2 by 14 in.; thinly stellate-hairy above, paler r

Softly pubescent beneath; petiole $ in. ` Pedumeles about the length of the eaves, 2-

werd. Bracteoles 4 in, margins not recurved. Sepals 3 in., oblong-cuspi ate,
tomentose, Capsule oblong, villous, shorter than the calyx. Seeds muricate, angled.
Nearly allied to M. futteyporensis, but with flowers about half the size.

M. Denhami, Br, in Denh. & Clapp. Voy. App. 233; leaves ovate-
oblong crenate-serrate 5-nerved at the base, bracteoles cordate-reniform
Jprrescent membranous, Mast. in Oliv. Trop. Afr. i. 230. M. bracteosa,
t 1 TL Orient, i, 841. Brotera bracteosa, Guill, et Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 80,
"17. Cardiostegia Kotschyi, Presl, Epimel. Bot. 249. f

ills of Sixpn, Stocks, — DisrRIB. Beloochistan, Tropical Africa and Arabia. tellate.
haj ruticose, cano-tomentose. Branches spreading. Leaves 1} in, elliptic, mo aa
airy above, hoary-pubescent beneath : petiole 4—1 in. Stipules setaceous. ec ju us
as long as the petiole, 3-flowered. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals yellow de. °
Sphero id, downy, hardly as long as the calyx. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell.— The flower:
Open in the evening.

11. MELOCHIA. Linn.
mple. Flowers

verbs or undershrub or less downy. Leaves si
spat u Stered loosely pani . s 5, connate below. Petals 5,
iPathulate, a A Sepals to the Joe connate below
cel ^ tube ; anthers extrorse, 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Ovary ms ° celled ;
Cans posite the petals, 2-ovuled ; styles 5, free or connate at pel aon
ni loculicidally 5-valved. Seeds ascending, albuminous; R abryc
natisa cotyledons flat, radicle next the hilum.—D1stTRiB. Species abo ,

€ warmer regions of both hemispheres.

374 XXVII. STERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Melochia

1. M. corchorifolia, Lin». ; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 604 ; leaves oblong-ovate
serrate plaited base rounded or cordate, flowers in terminal or axillary heads,
with bracteoles intermixed, capsule globose. Row). Fl. Ind. ii. 139;
Thwaites Enum, 30; Wall. Cat. 1196 in part. M. truncata, Willd. Sp. Pl.
iii. 601. M. supina, Z. Sp. Pl. 944. M. affinis, Wall. Cat. 1198. M. pauciflora,
Wall, Cat. 1199. Riedleia corchorifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 491; W. & A. Prodr.
i 66; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 188; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 24. R. tran-
cata W. € A. Lc. 66. R. supina, DC. Prodr. i. 491. R. concatenata, DC.
Prodr.i.492, Visenia corchorifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 30. V. concatenata,
Spreng. Syst, iii. 30. V. supina, Spreng. Syst. iii. 31. Melochia concatenata,
Wall. Cat. 1197. ‘Sida cuneifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50.—Rheede Hort.
Mal. ix. t. 73.

Generally distributed in the hotter parts of India from Kumaon alt. 4000 ft. to
Sikkim, MALACcA and Ceyton.—Disrris. A widely diffused tropical weed. j

An erect branching herb or undershrub, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 1-3 M,
variable in form, rarely obscurely lobed, subglabrous above, thinly stellate-hairy be-
neath, base 5-nerved; petiole 1 in. Stipules subulate-lanceolate, shorter than the
petiole. Sepals 4 in. lanceolate, acuminate. Petals obovate, white or pink, longer than
the sepals. Capsule the size of a small pea, globose, exceeding the persistent calyx.—
Variable. Wallich's M. affinis has the branches of the cyme lengthened and spike-like
with flowers on one side only as in the form called concatenata.

2. M. velutina, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 5; leaves cordate suborbicular
acuminate serrate, flowers in umbellate corymbs, capsule oblong 5-lobe
seeds winged. Visenia umbellata, Wight Jc. 509. V. tomentosa, 7d
Pl. Hohen. Easicc, Riedleia tilizefolia, DC. Prodr. i. 491; Dalz. &,
Bomb. Fl. 24 ; ua Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 188. Glossospermum velutinum,
Wall, Cat, 1153. G.1 cordatum, Wall. Cat. 1155.

Widely distributed through the hotter parts of India, from the N.W. Provinces io
the Coxcax and Ava; but often cultivated ouly.—Disrri. Wild or cultivated in the

A shrub or tree, herbaceous portions stellate-hairy. Leaves 4 by 3 in., thinly stellate-

hairy or glabrescent above, downy beneath, base 5-7-nerved; petiole 3 in. [on
4 in., leafy, roundish. Panicles many-flowered, lax, terminal and axillary. t the
4 in. diam. pink. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5, deltoid-ovate, connate to a ith the

M. PYRAMIDATA, Linn. occurs as an introduced weed in India.

19. WALTHERIA, Linn.

, Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves simple. „Stipules narrow. Flowers —
in dense axillary or terminal clusters. Sepals 5, connate below " w;
bell-shaped tube. Petals 5, oblong-spathulate. Stamens 5, tubular p ;
anthers 2-lobed, lobes parallel. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile valved,
ovules 2, ascending ; style excentric, stigma club-shaped. Capsu* 2-va flat
l-seeded. Seed ascending, albuminous; embryo straight, cotyledons ich
radicle next the hilum.—Disrrre, About 15 species, one or two er

are tropical weeds, the remainder are natives of tropical America.

1. W. indica, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 493. W. & A. Prodr. i. 67;
Enum. 30; Mig. Fl.’ Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 187; Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb — cay
Wall, Cat. 1194. W. americana, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 492 ; W. elliptic H,

Diss, vi. 171; Wall. Cat. Á 1. 4 all. Cat. 11
not of others. l. Cat, 1195, Melochia corchorifolia, We

Walteri] XXVII. STERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters) — 375

Common in all the hotter parts of Inpra, from Kumaon alt. 4000 ft. to Maracca and

EYLON.—DisT&iB. A widely diffused Tropical weed.

Perennial, villous. Leaves 1-3 in., shortly petioled, cordate-ovate, oblong, obtuse,
toothed, plaited. Flowers yellow, iin. Sracts narrow, villous. Sepals lanceolate,
acuminate. Petals longer than the sepals, stalked.

13. ABROMA, Jacq.

Trees or shrubs, Leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, serrulate, sometimes
angled. Peduncles opposite the leaves, few-flowered. Sepals 5, connate
hear the base, Petals 5, purplish, concave below, prolonged above into a

ge spoon-shaped lamina. Staminal-cup of 5 fertile and as many sterile

visions, fertile filaments opposite the petals, 3-antheriferous ; anthers
lobed, lobes divergent. Staminodes longer than the fertile filaments,
obtuse, Ovary sessile, pyramidal, 5-lobed ; cells many-ovuled ; styles 5.
Capeuie membranous, 5-angled, 5-winged, truncate at the apex, septi-
cidally 5-valved, valves villous at the edges. Seeds numerous, albuminous ;
embryo Straight, cotyledons flat cordate, radicle next the hilum.—

ISTRIB. 2 or 3 species, natives of Tropical Asia.

l. A. augusta, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. i. 485; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Pl.
Ind. iii. 156 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 183; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal.
Gent.5; W. & 4. Prodr. i. 65; Wail, Vat, 1142. A. angulata, Lam. Ill,
636. A. Wheeleri, Retz, Obs. v. 27; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 1425, A. fastuosum
Gertn, Fruct.i. 307, t. 64.

Widely spread, native or cultivated, throughout the hotter parts of India from the

nw West Provinces to Sixx, alt. 3000 ft. ; Kuasia Mrs. alt. 4000 ft., and Assam.
~~, STRIB. Java, Philippines, China.

A shrub, branches downy. Leaves 4-6 by 4-5 in. repand-denticulate, base 3-7-nerved,
pper smaller, narrower, entire, glabrescent above, tomentose below ; petiole 4-1 in.
q pues linear, deciduous as long as the petiole. Peduncle 14 in., axiliary. F ected
a diam. . Sepals 1 in., lanceolate, free nearly to the base. etals scarcel exceec ing

lah es imbricate in the bud, deciduous. Capsule 14 In., obpyramidal ultimately
E'abrous, thrice as long as the persistent calyx.—The bark yields good fibre.

14 GUAZUMA, Plum.

À tree, Leavessimple tomentose. Flowers in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, con-
hate below the middle at first spathaceous. Petals 5, concave at the base,
Prolonged at the apex into 2 narrow strap-shaped processes. Stamens jo
y nate into a column which is tubular below, and consists above of 5 fertile,

"antheriferous filaments opposite the petals, and 5 lanceolate staminodss
Opposite the sepals ; anthers 2-lobed, lobes divergent. Ovary sessile, 5-lobed,

celled ; styles more or less connate; ovules numerous 1n each cell,
a mulberry. Seed albu-

oblong, woody, tubercled, resembling I '
Den embry 9 cur ved, cotyledons leafy folded, radicle next the hilum.—
TRIB, A genus of 5 species, chiefly natives of Tropical America.

dy tomentosa, Kunth; DC. Prodr. i 485; Wight I U. t. 31;
mé A. Prodr. i. 64 ; Thwaites Enum. 29; Beddome Jo aa end
Dintogin t mentosa, Spreng. Syst. iii. 385. G. ulmifolia, Walt.

Gene ossum rufescens, 7'urcz. in Flora 1853, 735. T
Cx ox LY, distributed and frequently cultivated in the warmer parts of In

ar Sut perhaps only introduced.—Disrrie. Java, Tropical America. a Ln lansso-

late, ob]; erbaceous portions stellate-tomentose. Leaves 3-44 by 2 in., oblong —
Oecd cordate, acuminate, serrate, scabrid, or glabrescent above, pubescent

$(0 XXVII. STERCULIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [@uazuma.

beneath, base 5-7-nerved ; petiole short. Flowers numerous, yellow, in terminal and
axillary panicles, which are twice the length of the leaves. Flower-buds globose.
Calyx 13 in., bell-shaped, stellate-hairy. Sepals ultimately reflexed. Petals exceeding
the calyx. Anthers concealed in the hood of the petals. Capsule 1 in., oblong, obtuse,
covered with obtuse black tubercles.

15. BUETTNERIA, Linn.

Herbs, trees or shrubs, often climbers, frequently prickly. Foliage various.
Flowers minute, in repeatedly branched axillary or terminal umbellate
cymes. Sepals 5, connate at the base. Petals 5, claw concave, limb with a
long strap-shaped 2-fid appendage. Stamens 10, connate below into a e^
branous tube, bearing above 5 fertile stamens opposite the petals, an
5 staminodes opposite the sepals; anthers 2-lobed, extrorse. o"
sessile, 5-celled ; cells opposite the petals, 2-ovuled; style entire or 510
Capsule globose, spiny, septicidally 5-valved, valves breaking away trom
a central column, cells 1-seeded. Seed ascending, exalbuminous ; 9n
ledons folded around the superior radicle, plumule lobed.—DISTRIB. Abou
Ai species, mostly natives of tropical America, a few are Asiatic, and one

rican.

* Leaves usually longer than broad, generally simple.

1, B. herbacea, Row. Cor. Pl. i.t. 29; FI. Ind. i. 619 ; herbaceom’
unarmed, leaves glabrous ovate acuminate toothed paler beneath, PE
covered with small subulate prickles. Wall. Cat. 1146; W. € A. . h T
i 65; Wight Ic. t.488; Dalz. & Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 23. Commersonia her
bacea, G. Don. Gen. Syst. i. 523.

Western PENINSULA ; not uncommon in the Carnatic, Orissa, and Concan. "n

Stem herbaceous, unarmed. Leaves 1 -24 by 2 in., base cordate or rounded, a
nerved, nerves not glandular ; petiole in. Stipules linear, ualling the "T
Inflorescence longer than the adjoining leaf. Sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed.

of petals subulate, as long as the sepals, puberulous. Fertile filaments very short;
staminodes ovate. Fruit the size of a pea, 5-lobed.

2. B. crenulata, Wall. Cat. 1150; a tree, branches unarmed, —
glabrous elliptic acuminate, capsule globose glabrous covered with. d
linear-lanceolate spines. B. polyacantha, Wall. Cat. 1151 1 B. catalpifo
Wall. Cat. 11521 B, echinata, Wall. Cat. 11491

Nirat, Wallich; Brema, at Attran and Saluen, Wallich; PEav, M' Clelland. kened

Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, leaves 5-7 -nerved, rounded ; petiole 2 m., thic "ç
at both ends. Peduncles short, thinly stellate-hairy, pedicels 51 in., jointed ^d
middle. Bracteoles equalling the pedicels, persistent, lanceolate. Flower -buds de d
5-angular, pilose. Flowers lin. diam. Petals stalked, limb cordate with two roun
lobes, apex linear. Ovary ovoid, style short. Capsule 4 in. diam.—The above synon.

must be received with hesitation, the materials being too imperfect to allow of satista
tory determination.

3. B. Jackiana, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. (ed. Carey) ii. 386 ; apri
unarmed, leaves elliptic acuminate scabrid above, stellate hairy ben rall
nerves pilose, capsule globose covered with straight-subulate spines.

Cat. 1147.

Penane, Jack, &c. in

A climbing shrub; herbaceous portions pilose and downy. Leaves 3-5 by ae
entire or minutely serrated, base rounded ; petiole 2 in. pilose. Panicles axillary, in,
shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; pedicels capillary, stellate hairy, ne diam

deltoid acuminate, spreading. Pet, le, Qa
glabrous, 5-lobed. ds b I. etals shorter than the sepals p

Buettneria.] xxvii. STERCULIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 377

` 4 B. elliptica, Mast, ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves pilose on both sur-
es especially along the nerves elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate.
Maracca, Mai . : d;
À climbing shrub. Stem terete, downy. Leaves 5-6 by 3 In., base ee Hee
tiole 3 in, pilose. Peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiole; "than the lanceolate
llate, thinly stellate-hairy. Flowers | in. diam. Petals shorter than

sepals. Fruit not seen.

5. B. uncinata, Mast, ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent elliptic:
lanceolate acuminate, capsule covered with hooked gland-tipp
Spines.

So Cabo nga a Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., coriaceous, arena rod pet few
thin hairs along. the midrib on the under surface, base rounded, Capt e Uii,
2}-3 in., thickened at both ends. ruiting-peduncles half the leng
Capsule depressed, 3-celled, spheroidal, the size of a hazel nut.

both
6. B. Maingayi, Mast. ; shrubby, i ic whee leave glabrous ota dded
surfaces lanceolate acuminate, capsule globose obscurely
With short subulate prickles,
Mara J ; R - ; petiole
A climbing eiu Taney o by 3 in., coriaceous, base rounded, vet angles and
in, thickened at both ends. Peduncles barely 1 in., sprea wate-lanceolate. Petals
ting an umbel of flowers; pedicels } in. Sepals Tin ovato lee erect, oblong,
shorter than the sepals, with a long linear appendage. long as the petiole.
obtuse, 2-fid, Style as long as the ovary. Fruiting peduncle as long
Capsule 1} in, diam,

ii. 383 and in
7, B. aspera, Colebrooke in Roxb. Fl. Ind. (ed. C orldcalar or oblong
Wall. Cat. 1144 ; a tree, unarmed, leaves glabrescent su covered with stout
ortly acuminate base cordate, capsule glabrous glo "P nepalensis, Zurez. `
curved prickles. B. grandifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 486. B.
V. Bull. Mosc, 1858, 207. ` Knasia Mrs., ascending to
IPAL, Wallich ; Surer, Da Silva, SKM and the
»J. D. B. & T. T—Distrie. China. d; petiole 2 in. and upwards.
ees Leaves 4 by 23 in, and upwards, base 7-nerve Xs ultimate pedicels LM
Peduncle pubescent, as long as the petioles; pedicels umbel t >, downy, campanulate.
Jointed in the middle. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers minute,
deltoid. Capsule 14 in.

. ii. 47 ; Flora, 1871,
e ma amanensis, Kurz in Journ. As. e itely’ lobed, capsule glo-
277 ; shrubby, unarmed, leaves glabrescent paimately
bose glabrous covered with short subulate spines.

; Imein
A 1 Brandis; and Mou ,
L jj AMAN Isups., Kurz; Tenasserim, at Martaban, ,

` : ; te-hairy, glabres-
A climbing shrub. Stem terete. Leaves 4-5 by 4 In, thinly early an coarsely
oj SVàte, shortly 3-5-lobed, lobes acute or acuminate, le 2-4 in. Stipules $ in.,
toothed, base 5-7-nerved deeply cordate, lobes rounded ; potion $ Capsule the size of
"wei deciduous, Cymes 2-3-chotomous. Peduncles slender.
Try.

ilose on
ti Be pilosa, Zoe. FU. Ind. i. 618 ; shrubby, ness downy studded
both Surfaces suborbicular palmately lobed, capsule velutina, Wall. Cat.
ite bulate barbed prickles. Wall, Cat, 1145. B.
» 1928,

378 XXVII. STERCULIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Buettner

Eastern Benoa; Singer, Da Silva; Assam and Khasia Mts., Griffith; Bima,
Wallich, &c. ; Currracone, H. f. & T. . . llate-hairy.

A climbing shrub. Branches hispid with spreading hairs, or thinly ste d ib i
Leaves 4 in., shortly 3-lobed, lobes deltoid, entire or serrulate, 7-9-nerved, midri a
dular, base deeply cordate, lobes ronnded, upper ovate-lanceolate ; petiole 14 dl
densely rusty-tomentose. Stipules subulate. Inflorescence lax, much L Tn ate
peduncles longer than the petioles. Flowers minute, campanulate. Sepals eras)

etals yellow, incurved, appendage orange. Capsule the size of a large cherry, 8
Seed ovate-oblong. `

16. COMMERSONIA, Forsk.

Trees or shrubs, eaves simple, oblique. Zwflorescence cymose, tois
or axillary or leaf opposed. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, concave at t ibt
prolonged into a long strap-shaped appendage at the apex. | F ertile tami-
5, opposite the petals ; anthers subglobose, 2-celled, cells div erging) &
nodes 5, opposite to the sepals, lanceolate. Carpels 5, opposite to E e wi réd
connate ; styles connate ; ovules 2-6. Capsule loculicidally 5-valve r yledons
with bristly hairs, Seeds ascending, albuminous, strophiolate ; coty some
flat, radicle next the hilum.—DrsrRre. A genus of about 8 SPec thers 0
of which are natives of the Malay peninsula and archipelago, 9

Australia, |
1. C. platyphylla, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 603, adnot; leaves Dea

ovate-lanceolate oblique stellate-hairy above hoary tomentose D Wa
C. javensis, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 523. C. echinata, Blume Bijdr. oi iy.
Cat. 1143; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 519, not of Forst. C. echinata, var: F p jj
PL. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 182. Buettneria hypoleuca, Z'urcz vn Mos.

9 F .

Maracca, PENANG, and Sixcarors.—Disrris. Malay isles. :

A shrub or low tree. Younger branches softly downy. Leaves 6 by 41
subcordate, subacuminate, irregularly serrulate, nerves with reddish down
petioles 4-2 in. downy. „Stipules deciduous, herbaceous, palmately cut. - ultimate
numerous, rotate, š in. diam., in much branched terminal cymose corymbs ; as the
pedicels divaricate, hispid, as long as the flowers. Calyx-lobes ovate, as ong ;
tube. Petals 5, base concave, appendage linear. Stamens 5, opposite the " as long
concealed within their concavity ; staminodes 5, lanceolate, opposite the ano
as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, cells opposite the petals. Capsule globose,

a marble, covered with long filiform intricate ciliolated processes. :te the leave?
Var. Leschenaultii ; leaves glabrescent equally serrate, peduncles opposite its of this
The true C. echinata of Forst. has not yet been met with within the hed from the

Flora, though it probably will be discovered in Malacca. It is distinguish?

preceding by its narrower lance-shaped leaves, glabrous on the upper sur ace.

n, obliquely
beneath;

17. LEPTONYCHIA, Turcz.

. ds 5

Shrubs or trees, Leaves simple, entire. Flowers cymose axillary. xat
valvate, distinct nearly to the base, Petals 5, valvate, short, orbit seriat
cave. Andræcium tubular below, filamentous above, filaments *: dle of
outer series of 10-15 ligulate staminodes opposite the petals, ort fleshy
10 fertile stamens also opposite the petals, innermost of 5 very š tror A
subulate staminodes opposite the sepals ; anthers linear-oblong, In Jace
hiscing at the sides longitudinally. Ovary sessile, 3-4-cel ed: NH any
axile ; styles connate, stigmas capitellate ; ovules many ae call ticidally
tropous. Capsule 2-3-celled, or by abortion 1-celled, dehiscing t,
Or loculicidally, or both, simultaneously or irregularly.

leptonychia.] XXVII. STERCULIACE X, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 879

aril fleshy orange-coloured, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle
Superior. —DisTRIB. A genus of 3 or 4 species, natives of both Peninsulas,
the Archipelago, and also of west tropical Africa.

l L. acuminata, J/as.; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate base
tapering, outer staminodes 10, inner subulate not ciliate, capsule 2-valved
valves ultimately dimidiate.

Matacca, Maingay.

Atree. Leaves 8 by 24 in., glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole 1-2 in. Flower-buds
oblong, pointed, 5-sided. Flowers 1-3 in. diam. Sepals spreading, coriaceous, lanceo-

e, downy on both sides. Petals less than half the length of the sepals, erect, sub-
coriaceous, orbicular, concave, villous. Andræcium tubular at the base, outer stami-
nodes linear-ligulate, nearly as long as the sepals, fertile stamens intermediate, as long
as the outer staminodes, and placed with them in pairs opposite the petals; anthers

ate ; inner staminodes 5, very short, subulate fleshy, opposite the sepals. Ovary ob-

ng, villous, 3-celled; style terete, as long as the fertile filaments, stigma capitate
Sscurely lobed. Seed oblong, testa black shining smooth, aril fleshy orange-yellow
Sar covering half the seed from the hilum upwards, albumen fleshy, embryo

Straight, cotyledons flat leafy base cordate, radicle superior away from the hilum.

2. L, glabra, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 222; leaves oblong-lanceolate
abruptly acuminate base tapering subcordate, outer staminodes 15, inner
staminodes ciliated, capsule 1-celled. Oudem. in Compt. Rend. Ac. Koy. Sc.

msterd, 9 ser. ii. 8, cum. ic. and Walp. Ann. vii. 449. Grewia? caudata,

Wall. Cat. 1099. G. heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590. Binnendykia tri-

chosty lis, Kurz in Nat. Tijdschrift Ned. Ind. ser. 3, iii. 164. Turraea tri-

“ostylis, Mig, FT. Ind. Bat, Supp. i. 502.

D "ACCA, Maingay ; Penane, Wallich ; Mourmein, Lobb; Tenasserm, Helfer.—
risa Moluccas, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, . . od. some-
i Tee. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in., glabrous or thinly stellate-hairy, base 3~5-nerves , Son

moat oblique ; petiole à in. Peduncles axillary, solitary, or in short few-flowering

imet. Buds oblong, club-shaped. Ovary oblong, obscurely 4-lobed. Capsule à the

ued pyriform, coriaceous, rugose, shining and wrinkled within. Seed jin a N e

a hee of perfect flowers on the Indian specimens it is not absolutely certain that they

re Specifically identica] with those from Sumatra.

3. L. Moacurroides, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 114; leaves elliptic
0 ate base rounded, outer staminodes 10, capsule tubercled.
ARNATIC and Mysore, p ddome ; Courtallum, Wight. .

A small Grewioid tree. Branches virgate, Leaves 3-4 by 11 in, glabrous on both
aj ase 3-nerved; petiole 1—4 in. Stipules lanceolate, cadnoous. ers nt
Pu 7,7 cymes, half the length of the petioles. Sepals à in., linear-lanceo ate, por M

as orbicular, half the length of the sepals, densely villous. Ovary L oe 34 Jd
flo scent, Capsule 3-3 in., obovoid, verrucose, irregularly 2.valved.—The leav

wers of this species are smaller than those of the preceding.

Orver XXVIII. TILIACEZE. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.)

Trees, shrubs o , i el posite, simple or
ürubS or hérbs. Zeaves alternate, rarely opposite, r
poed. Stipules free, often caducous. Flowers usually cymose, oy mes few-
tise OT arge and many-flowered. Fiom regular, equ as the
z š 3-5, free or connate, valvate.
dene rarely absent, imbricate or valvate. Stamens "ura rarely
te, usually springing from a prolonged or dilated torus, tre

380 XXVIII. TILIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.)

times 5-adelphous, filaments filiform; anthers 9-celled. Ovary um
2-10-celled ; styles columnar, or divided into as many divisions as vale
are cells to the ovary, stigmas usually distinct rarely confluent or 7
Ovules attached to the inner angle of the cells of the ovary, if bal m
number often pendulous from the apex or ascending from the °
more numerous disposed in 2 or more ranks, anatropous ; raphe ven by
or lateral. Fruit fleshy or dry, dehiscent or indehiscent, 2-10 or :
abortion 1-celled (cells sometimes divided by false partitions) om ae
separable or always united. Seeds 1 or many, ascending, pendu pisse
transverse, with no arillus, testa leathery or crustaceous or pilose, htl y
fleshy abundant or scanty rarely wanting ; embryo straight or D aeni
curved, cotyledons leafy rarely fleshy, radicle next the hilum.— " the
About 350 species some of which occur in all the great m had >"
world except the arctic and antarctie, but most, abundantly in the pe^
of either hemisphere. Some of the genera and many of the speci
Strictly Indian.

SERIES A. Holopetalee. Petals glabrous or rarely downy, coloured, Y
unguiculate, entire or nearly so, imbricate or twisted in the bud.
globose or oblong, opening by slits.

. $
TRIBE I. Brownlowiese. Sepals combined below into a cup. Anther
globose, cells ultimately confluent at the top.

* Staminodes 5.

Carpels distinct, 2-valved . . . . . . . . ew ee o L Browna"
Carpels combined, indehiscent, winged . . . . . + + + < 2. :
Capsule 5-valved len . 5 2... ...5. € PrirYRANTBE.

** Staminodes 0. cALYX.
Stamens on a raised tous . . . . . e... Owae
Stamens on a contracted torus 5. Berr

i base.
TRIBE II. Grewiese. Sepals distinct, Petals glandular at LM
Stamens springing from the apex of a raised torus.

* Fruit destitute of prickles,
Fruit drupaceous ° . . . . . . e . . . . . M ° ° 6. Gami
Fruit of 3-5 winged cocci . . e. 2... s s T. COL

** Fruit prickly. RPUS,
Fruit large, angular indehiseent . . . . . . . + + + 8. Landes
Fruit small, globose, indehiscent, or 3-5-coccous . oo. s 9 Tum

Tre IIT. "Tilieee. Sepals distinct. Petals not glandular. 5
springing from a contracted torus,

Leaves alternate
Leaves opposite .

. 10. CoRCHORUM
. 11. PLAGIO

. + duplicate
Serres B. Hteteropetalee. Petals sepaloid, incised or 0, indap

os : : re.
or imbricate, not twisted. Anthers linear, opening by a terminal po
Stamens on a depressed torus. Fruit capsular . . + + + - 12. age aunts
Stamens on a raised torus. Fruit drupaceous. . . . + + + 1%

Brownlowia.] XXVIII. TILIACEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 381

1. BROWNLOWIA, Roxb.

Trees, Pubescence stellate or scaly. Leaves entire, 3~5-nerved, feather-
veined, Flowers numerous, small, in large terminal or axillary panicles.
Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 5, without glands. Stamens
many free, springing from a raised torus, Staminodes 5, within the stamens,
oposite the petals and petaloid. Anthers subglobose. Ovary 6-celled, each
Ü 2-ovulate; styles awl-shaped, slightly coherent; ovules ascending.
har ap ultimately nearly free, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Albumen 0 ; cotyledons
hick, fleshy —Disrrre. Three species confined to Tropical Asia.

l B. elata, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. 61, t. 265; leaves ovate acute base
ordate 5-7-nerved undulate downy beneath, petiole long. Bot. Aeg.
. 1472; Wall. Cat. 1178. Humea elata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 640.

Currracone to Tenasserim, Roxburgh, Griffith &c.—Duisrgm. Borneo.

A lofty tree. Branches spreading. Leaves 4-12 by 3-8 in., glabrous, white be-
neath, Sometimes peltate; petiole 3-4 in. or longer, thickened at the apex. Panicles
nal, as large as the adjacent leaf, branches pubescent, ultimate pedicels longer
€ the flower. Flower-buds clavate-oblong. Flower jin, yellow. Calyx funnel-
shaped, lobes ovate shorter than the tube. Petals oblong, spreading, tapering at the
confi longer than the sepals. Filaments slender; anther-lobes divergent at the base,

"uent at the apex ; staminodes linear-lanceolate. Style as long as the petals. Follicle

In. by abortion solitary, obliquely ovate, woody, covered with fine ash-coloured
pubescence. Seed solitary, rarely 2, albumen 0; embryo erect, cotyledons 2 nearly
equal amygdaloid,

e B. lanceolata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 57; leaves
auceolate-acuminate white and scaly beneath, petiole short, panicle much
orter than the leaves,

SUNDERBUNDS, Griffith ; 'TeNAss i ;
; sERIM, at Moulmein, Parish.
Penis? ` Leaves rr by 1-2 in, glabrous; petiole 4 in. thickened at the apex.
Petiole terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, peduncles longer than the
equallin, Flower-buds ovoid. Calyx 4 in. diam., campanulate, lobes lanceolate
Wide] ig the tube. Petals 4 in., oblong base broad. Anthers small, didymous, lobes not
Y divergent, connective thick ; staminodes petaloid. Ovary 4-lobed, cells 2-ovuled,

st .
yle Simple, stigma 4. lobe, Young fruit pyriform, truncate.,

9. PENTACE, Hassk.

Lees Herbaceous portions pubescent or scaly, ultimately glabrous.

ves entire, leathery. 3-5. ers numerous, small, in terminal
, Y, 3-5-nerved. Flow 'glandless. Stamens

Panic]
ees, Calyx bell-shaped, irregularly 3-5-fid. Petals 5, Dus. Staminodes

numerous on ñ v )
15, on a slightly raised torus, sometimes pentadelp
^ ed te the Sepals. Anthers subglobose, pollen globose pored, Ovary
indehicce ne. ; xt the placenta. 4
dry inde ovuled ; ovule pendulous, raphe ne ep conte. ee

78; leaves elliptic ovate

1. P. bur .
acute 3... vaannica, Kurz in Flora, 1871, 2 globose 5-lobed,

it Served pubescent beneath, pedicels long, ovary
, pedicels long,
fruit oblong truncate 5-winged wings longer than broad.

ABAN, Brandis ;
A tree Sh «ndis; Prev, Kurz. he b umi-
ha ` Shoots pub t. 4 by 23 in., oblong, rounded at the base, act
te, glabrous, whitish beneath piv H Te; b iedieels long, covered with tawny down.

1

382 XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Pentace,

Calyx à in., pubescent, sepals lanceolate. Petals obovate-oblong, tapering at boss
slightly exceeding the sepals. Capsule 13 by 1} in., oblong-truncate, wings s
hairy.

2. P. triptera, Mast. ; leaves 1-nerved, ovary 3-celled, fruit 3-winged
wings obtuse rounded as broad as long.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.

A tree. Tem by 3 in. 9 slabrons, white beneath, oblong-acute, rounded at ci
base, 1-nerved, feather-veined ; petiole 1 in. Panicle terminal. Sepals }-4 r^ 0
lanceolate, downy. Petals twice the length of the sepals, oblong-spathulate. eru
in 5 parcels, one opposite each petal. Staminodes 5, linear-subulate, much chore re
the stamens, opposite the sepals. Ovary pubescent, globose. Styles shorter than
stamens. Capsule $ by 1 in.

3. PITYRANTHE, Thwaites,

A tree, Leaves obovate. Panicles terminal. Flowers small, numer
Calyx urceolate-campanulate, 3-4-lobed. Petals obovate, tapering wi fila-
base, glandless. Fertile stamens 15 in groups of 3 before the petals, et
ments dilated. Staminodes 5, opposite the sepals, Anther-lobes divergen =
the base. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, cells opposite the sepals, 1-2-ovuled, ge
pendulous ; styles conjoined, stigma minute 5-lobed. Fruit pyriform, di
licidally 5-valved, 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong, netted, pubescent.
DisrRiB. A single species, native of Ceylon.

1. P. verrucosa, Thwaites Enum. 29; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. V. 109.

Crrton; Balticaloa, Jaffna, Trincomalee, Thwaites. +h stellate

Leaves 2-6 by 1-3 in., shining on the upper surface, paler beneath, with Pi
pubescence, crenate, base rounded 3-nerved; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 4 in. ip iad
buds ovoid, acute. Calyx 4 in. lobes ovate acute as long as the tube. Pet
stamens twice the length of the sepals. Capsule 3-1 in.

4, CHARTACALYX, Maingay herb.

A tree. Leaves alternate, simple, 1-nerved. Panicle terminal, fe
flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes valvate accrescent % gyno-
Petals 0. Stamens numerous, free, springing from the top of a € Jongi-
phore ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, cells paraliel dehiscing at the sides styles
tudinally. Staminodes 0. Ovary stalked, 5-celled ; placentas axile lateral,
consolidated stigmas 5 linear recurved ; ovules 2 in each cell, co fol-
pendulous from near the apex of the placenta. Fruit not seen:
owing is the only known species.

. . lique.
1. C. accrescens, J/ast.; leaves oblong acuminate entire base obliq

Maracca, Maingay.—Dıstrir. Borneo. : glabrous

Branches rigid, obliquely ascending. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1 in., coriaceous m arched;
above, rusty tomentose Tencath base rounded or tapering, 1-nerved, venan
petiole }— in. Panicle stellate-hairy, pedicel 1 in., jointed near the rue stellate-
4 in., ultimately 2 in. diam., papery, pink, veins prominent. Filaments er^ m 7 Styles
hairy, half the length of the calyx. Ovary pilose, ovoid, obscurely 5- ^h jghts into
cylindric, stellate-pilose, longer than the filaments, dividing at irregular, ee slight
2-5 dignatio branches.— The cohesion between the styles is apparent?
hence they separate one from another at varying heights,

Berrya.) XXVIII. TILIACEZ.. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 388

5. BERRYA, Roxb.

Atree. Leaves alternate, ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base cordate, 5-7-
nerved, Panicles large, many-flowered, terminal and axillary. Calyx cam-
panulate, irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals 5, spathulate, Stamens many, inserted
on a short torus ; anthers didymous, lobes divergent opening lengthwise.
Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-4-lobed, cells, 4-ovuled; style consolidated, stigma
lobed ; ovules horizontal. Fruit loculicidally 3-4-valved, each valve
2winged. Seeds pilose albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat leafy, radicle
Superior next the hilum.—Disrris. The following is the only species.

1. B. Ammonilla, Rox). Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii, 639; Cor. Pl. iii,
264; leaves ovate base cordate palmately 5-7-nerved. Wall, Cat. 1068 ;
fas A Prodr.i.81; Wight TU. t. 34; Thwaites Enum. 32 ; Beddome Flor.

Jivat. t. 58.

MALABAR, Travancore, Prov, MARTABAN, Wallich &c.; CEYLON. . .
A large tree. Leaves 4-8 by 24-3 in. ; petiole 14 in. and upwards. Stipules ensi-
orm. Pedicels 1 in., pubescent. Calyx Lin. downy. Petals linear-oblong, twice the
length of the calyx. Filaments half the length of the petals. Ovary ovate ; style
ricky sigma 3-cleft. Capsule 6-winged, rounded, wings netted, villose. „Seeds 1—4 in
ce
Var. mollis; petiole and under surface of leaves pubescent. Berrya mollis, Wall.
Qut 1186; Kuizin Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. — Attran,—The wood is used for
wilding, and is sometimes called Trincomalee wood.

6. GREWIA, Linn.

. pees or shrubs more or less stellate-pubescent, Leaves entire, 1-9-
ire. Flowers axillary, few or more numerous and panicled. Sepals
stinct. Petals 5, glandular at the base, sometimes 0, Stamens many on a
Red torus. Staminodes 0. Ovary 2-4-celled, cells opposite the petals,
gh any-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma shortly lobed. Drupe fleshy or
porous, entire, or 2-4-lobed ; stones 1-4, 1-2-seeded, with false partitions
tweeh the seeds, Seeds ascending, albumen fleshy or rarely 0 ; cotyledons
me DISTRI. A genus of about 60 species, for the most part con ined to
Scotter regions of the old world. Some of the Indian species. are
o demie, others common to tropical Africa, &c. The synonymy of some
Te Me Species is extremely involved, and the genus requires a complete
illa mination, The structure of the drupes and seeds in particular requires
; ct Investigation than is possible in herbarium specimens which are often
complete,
p or. I. Grewia proper. Flowers axillary or terminal. Fruit fleshy
Crustaceous usually lobed.

* .
Inflorescence usually terminal or extra-axillary.

l.c colu ; - shrubby, leaves scabrous
` mnaris, Sm. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510; shrubby, ^
oblong shortly acuminate landular-serrate, cymes extra-axillary and termi-

wer-buds conica] turbinate 4-lobed bristly. , Wight Ic.
t. 44. onical sulcate, drupes tur , .

. P ; "Q. ° 31: Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 26.
2 . Prodr, i. 765 Thwaites Enum. 31 ; a "M š Wall Cat, 1113

"pientalis, Vas] Symb. i. 34, ex W. d A, Lc.
Oe F, ‘not of Lam. G. bracteata, Mig, Pl. Hohen. Q. obtusa, Wall.
W 03, partly, G, carpinifolia, Wail. Cat. 1093. . .
PrxisuLA, Benoa and Crvrox.—Disram. Java, East tropical Africa,

384 XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Grewia,

A shrub. Branches virgate, stellate-hairy. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in. coriaceous,’

labrescent, base rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves arched ; petiole ke

Flowers white, in terminal corymbose cymes. Peduncles twice the length of the
petiole, 3-5-flowered, pedicels supported by small subulate deciduous bracts. =
} in., linear, yellow, 3-nerved. Petals half the length of the calyx, ovate-lanceolate,
entire. Torus short, villous. Ovary villous. Drupes 4 in. diam., purplish ; stones 4,
2-celled.

2. G. emarginata, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 79 ; shrubby, leaves stellate-hairy
above pubescent beneath roundish-obovate cordate gland-toothed, d
duncles mostly terminal much longer than the petiole, flower-buds ovat
oblong not striated, drupes glabrescent, stones 4 1-2-seeded. G. carpinifo
Roth Nov. Sp. 245, partly; Wall. Cat. 1093 B, partly. G. orientalis, Wal.
Cat. 1093 B, G. G. involucrata, Wall. Cat. 1093, C.

Western PENINSULA ; Mysore, Courtallum, Pulney and Nilghiri Mts., Wight, x

Leaves 2-24 by 13-2 in., base 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, petes es
Stipules subulate. Peduncle -14 in., 3-6-branched, pedicel 4-3 in. Bracts im i
subulate. Flowers lin. diam. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals linear-oblong, em

ginate, shorter than the sepals. ‘Torus elongate. Style clavate, stigma +b
upe the size of a large pea, yellowish, subglobose, turbinate, 4-lobed.

3. G. oppositifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 583; a tree, leaves scabrous
above pubescent beneath broadly ovate-lanceolate acuminate, cy mes Ul, it
late opposite the leaves, drupes 1-4-lobed, stone 1-celled l-seeded. W9
Ic. t. 82; Wall. Cat. 1101 ; Mis. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 204.

Common and indigenous, wild in the N.W. Himalaya, from Jamu to Nipal, ascend
ing to 7000 ft. ; also frequently cultivated. . 3 by

Bark ash-coloured. Herbaceous portions rough with stellate hairs. Leaves
1j in., distichous, crenate-serrate, lower serratures glandular, base rounded, 3-ne ne
secondary nerves scarcely arched, tertiary veins parallel conspicuous ; petiole pes
pilose. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, longer than the petioles P eduncles ns
site the leaf, sometimes terminal, rarely axillary, much longer than the petioles ; bacs
shorter than the peduncle, clavate, with small bracteoles at the base. jin.
cylindric, obovate-oblong, pilose sulcate-striate. Flowers yellowish. Sepals hel :
linear, 3-nerved. Petals oblong, entire, half the length of the sepals. , Tore O
scarcely longer than the glands. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled, stigma 47 4 as
Drupe glabrescent, blackish, lobes the size of a small pea.— Ihe leaves are u
fodder, the bark for cordage, and the wood for various purposes.

4. G. orientalis, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510; shrubby, often pep
leaves glabrescent elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles axillary an obose
minal twice the length of the petiole, petals lanceolate entire, drupe prodr.
scarcely lobed. Rob. Fl. Ind. ii. 586 ; Roth Nov. Sp. 242; W. 4 £ Cus
i 76; Wall. Cat. 1100 A, B, D, E; Z'hwaites Enum. 31; Dale. Roth
Bomb, Fl. 26. G. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1103, partly. G. rhamnifo 1103
Nov. Sp. 244 ; Wall. Cat. 1100 C, G. ovalifolia, Wight in Wall. Oa
B,C. G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 1112, partly.

SourHERN Provinces of the Western PExixsuLA, Wight; CEYLON. ing 9f
Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 3-4 ty 1-14 in, bare bur
slightly, cordate, 3-nerved, arch-veined, veins with appressed simple hairs, ach with
serrulate ; petiole } in. Cymes umbellate ; pedicels shorter than the che Sepals
a small subulate bracteole at the base. lower-buds ovoid, pilose, rip Js, lancet:
nearly 1 in., linear, yellow, pubescent outside. Petals half as Jong as the sepi a small
late, entire. Torus hispid, short. Drupes yellow, wrinkled, the size th doubt
cherry, pilose; stones 4, 2-3-celled.—The Ceylon specimens are referred wi

this species, as 1 have not seen the fruit,

Gremia.] XXVII. TILIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 385

5. G. umbellata, Hoxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 591; shrubby,
scandent, leaves glabrescent above thinly stellate-hairy beneath elliptic
acaminate, cymes umbellate terminal and axillary, drupe 1-celled 1-seeded.
Wight Ic, t.83; Wall. Cat. 1084. G. pedicellata, Roab. Fl. Ind. ii. 585;
Wall. Cat. 1084 B,

Western PexiwsULA, Concan and Coromandel; Eastern PENINSULA, Malacca,
Penang, and Sincapur, Maingay, Griffith, &c.—Disr&1s. Philippines, Sumatra.
Branches virgate, thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., base rounded, 3-nerved,
veins not prominent, not arched ; petiole $-} in. Pedunele longer than the petiole,
Pedicels divergent. Flower-buds narrow, oblong, pilose, striated. Sepals Y in. Petals
mow, entire, shorter than the sepals, springing from the back of a thickened claw.
orus prolonged, terete, pilose. Drupe the size of a cherry, stellate-hairy, obscurely
, purplish.

6. G. heterotricha, Mast. ; arborescent, leaves scabrous elliptic
acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles opposite the leaves and terminal twice
the length of the petiole, buds obovoid, torus elongate sulcate.

Westery PENINSULA, in Kurg, G. T'homson.

à shrub or small tree ? Young shoots stellate-hairy, ferruginous. Leaves 4 by 2 in.,
late hairy ; petiole 4 in., densely pilose, hairs simple. Stipules subulate, equal to

a Petiole, with simple hairs. Peduncles 3-flowered, stellate-hairy, pedicels shorter

an the flower, Bracts subulate. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals linear-oblong, 3-nerved.

tals lanceolate, half the length of the sepals. Torus and ovary clothed with simple

T. Anthers glabrous. Stigma clavate, 5-lobed.—The only specimens known to me
year goth ered by collectors employed by G. Thomson, Esq., of Madras, about the

7. G. populifolia Vahl ; DC. Prodr. i. 511 ; shrubby, leaves *glabrous
tye tually crenate-serrate, base roundish or cuneate, peduncle solitary or
PraylhPosite the leaves, drupe 1-4-lobed, stónes 1-4 1-9-celled ; W. & A.

adr. 1. 80; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 843 ; Wall, Cat. 1088 B? C1 G. betulzefolia,
Hae n Ann. Mus, iv. 92, t. 2, £ 1; Roth Nov. Sp. 249. G. rigida,
am. in Wall, Cat. 1088 D.

aay Stocks, Dalzell 1 : WESTERN PENINSULA,
: , ; &c.; PaNJAB, Aitcheson, &c.; WES EN

- Nilghiris, &c.— Disten. Afzbanistan, Arabia, Tropical Africa, d te.

ir, ye and intricately branched shrub; herbaceous portions more or less ste a
Cun <“ ultimately glabrescent. Leaves 4-14 by 1} in., coriaceous, mnltiform, often
Ped, te-obovate, base 3-5-nerved ; secondary nerves obscure, not arched ; petiole hin.
hotel s longer than the petiole. Sepals 4-3 in. linear-oblong. Petals whi °
Drape shorter than the sepals. Torus short. Ovary hoary, ultimately glabrescen E
acid f TA llowish, generally 2-lobed, lobes the size of a small pea, orange-red.—

"uit is eaten under the name of “Gingo.”

id `

t pfiorescenoe axillary very rarely extra-axillary.

8 a hoary, at least beneath. - "-

ve ,XCelsa, Vahl; DC. Prodr. i. 509; shrubby, leaves gla
à hoary beneath orate oblong or lanceolate acuminate serrulate,
a ucles 9-3 axillary much longer than the petiole, petals entire, p:

b 5-nerved, nerves arched trans-
Yerse on, y 13 in., finely serrulate, base rounded, 5-n ,n arched trans
VoL, L Prominent, tip obtuse or acute; petiole j-] in. Stipules lin ar gulate,

386 XXVII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ eremia,

i in. di i half the
longer than the petiole. Flowers 1—1 in. diam. Sepals linear. Petals oblong, h:
length of the sepals. Drupe the size of a pea; nuts 2-celled.—Possibly not specifically
distinct from G. salvifolia, Heyne. The fruit is agreeable.

9. G. salvifolia, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 239 ; leaves glabrescent hoary
beneath entire or minutely serrate, peduncles 1-3 axillary clustered T
than the petiole, petals 2-fid, drupe 1-4-lobed. W. ¿£ A. Prodr. a
G. bicolor, Juss. in Ann, Mus. iv. 90, t. 50, f. 2; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 99^
G. araria, Wall. Cat. 63081 pid

North West provinces from the JneLum to NrrAL, Hamilton, &c. ; Western EEN!
SULA, Heyne, &c.—DisrRIB. Tropical Africa. . abes-

A shrub or small tree ; bark grey, herbaceous portions covered with soft hoary p ti
cence. Leaves 24 by 13 in., base 3-nerved, transverse nerves indistinct ; Pa
Stipules 1 in., subulate. Peauncles 2 in., pedicels 4 in. Buds ovate-oblong, fi
Sepals 1 in., linear, 3-nerved. Petals š in., obovate, 2-fid, limb yellow from h hts
of the thickened claw. Ovary pubescent; style as long as the stamens.— "187. ".

Arnott describe the petals as entire, probably from confounding the present species
with G. Roth.

10. G. orbiculata, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1808, s
shrubby, leaves cordate roundish elliptic or oblong pubescent Meta do
surfaces hoary beneath minutely toothed, peduncles tufted longer

Western PENINSULA ; Concan, Malabar, &c. š ften oblique,

A shrub; branches virgate. Leaves 1-24 by 3-11 in, subsessile, base otte icels
5-nerved, nerves arched. Cymeg umbellate ; peduncles pilose, 3-flowere Bu ovid
shorter than the peduncles, divaricate. Bracteoles minute, pinnatifid. hed, half the
oblong striated. Flowers yellow, 4 in. diam. Sepals linear. Petals notchet; reyish,
length of the sepals. Torus glabrescent, very short. Ovary villous. , Dres ar Jt
pilose.—The G. orbiculata, of Wall Cat. 1085 D, may prove a distinct ‘ai

as smaller flowers and very small glands to the petals.

jque
ll. G. tilicefolia, Vahl Symb.i. 35 ; a tree, leaves hoary beneath oong
cordate, stipules leafy falcate acuminate, auricled, flower-buds Prodr i, 80;
drupe 1-4-lobed small subglobose, stones 3-6-celled. W. & A. FI 96; Bed-
Roxb. Fi. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wall. Cat. 1094; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 1% A ag,
dome Fl. Sylvat. t. 108 ; Thwaites Enum, 32. G. arborea, Roth Bp. 2 067 y,
G. variabilis, Wall. Cat. 1087, partly. G. subinzequalis, Wall. - Hi
Hot dry forests throughout WrsrERN INDIA, ascending to 4000 ft. in the
WESTERN PENINSULA ; Birma, Ceyton.—Distris. East Tropical Africa.
A moderate tree, branches purplish. Leaves 4 by 2 in., dentate, base nel
feather veined; petiole 4-1 in., pubescent, thickened at the top. ^* wu sh
axillary, tufted, as long as, or longer than, the petiole Pedicels 3, diverg the ln:
than the peduncle. Sepals 4-4 in., oblong. Petals oblong, emarginate, » mall pea Ç
of the sepals. Torus slender, glabrous. Drupe blackish, the size 9 ee
Fruit eaten by the natives. The stipules form the best distinguishing ™

species. , pdish
u

12. G. asiatica, L. ; W. £ A. Prodr. i. 79; arborescent, pn i te

coarsely and irregularly toothed subacuminate oblique, er celled aut

ensiform, buds club-shaped, drupes subturbinate with 1 or 2 1- £

Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586; Wall. Cat. 1089 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. eril Cat

Mee gow Fl. 26. G. subinequalis, DC. Prodr. i 511;

Grewia. | XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 987

Generally cultivated in India, except in the Gangetic plains and E. Bengal; said to

indigenous in the Salt Range, Poonah, and Oudh. CEYLON.

À small tree, herbaceous portions covered with soft yellowish pubescence. Leaves
2-7 in., obliquely cordate, base 5-nerved, smaller nerves not arched, prominent beneath,
transverse ones parallel ; petiole 4 in, thickened at the top. Stipules nearly as long
as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or more, usually shorter, sometimes longer, than the
petioles, dividing into 2 or more divergent pedicels. Bracts linear. Flowers } in. diam.

oblong-lanceolate. Petals yellow, linear-oblong, half the length of the sepals.
pe globose, 1-2-lobed, pilose, about the size of a pea.— A very variable plant, the
following form is usually held to be distinct :—

Var. vestita, Wall. Cat. 1105 (sp.); leaves obovate acuminate obscurely 3-lobed
minutely serrate, cymes densely crowded, buds ovoid not striated. G. asiatica, Wall,
Cat. 1089, partly. G. elastica, Royle Jil. t. 22. G. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 1114.—Tropi-
cal Himalaya, from Garwhal to Sikkim, Pegu.

13. G. sapida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 590; shrubby, leaves subsessile ovate
rorbicular doubiy-serrate pilose above pubescent beneath, stipules linear,
uncles 2-5-flowered, drupes subglobose slightly 4-lobed, stone 2-seeded.
al, Cat, 1115. G. nana, Wall. Cat. 1102. G. suffruticosa, Ham. in Wall.
Cat. 1102 B, G. G. pumila, Ham. in Don Prodr. 227.

Tropica Himataya, from Garwhal to Bhotan, and Assam. I
je decumbent shrub; stock woody, subterranean, sending up annually a number of
baceous pubescent shoots, 12—14 in. Leaves 1$ in. by 3 in., base 5-nerved, secon-
Ty nerves not arched; petiole 4 in. Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole.
lo uncles 2-3, 1 in.; pedicels divaricate, shorter than the petiole. Flower-buds ob-
las owers yellow, jin. diam. Sepals oblong. Petals yellow, entire, half the
peth of the sepals. Torus glabrescent. Drupes the size of a pea, obscurely lobed.—
€ shoots are usually burnt by the jungle fires after flowering. Roxburgh describes
Petals ag 2-toothed, the stone as 1-3-seeded, and the leaves as scabrid.

tt Leaves not hoary beneath.
0 Drupe globose, rind crustaczous.

ee G. scabrophylla, Koxb. FI. Ind. ii. 584 ; shrubby, leaves sabron
14 * pubescent beneath roundish ovate irregularly serrate, peduncles
With ary equalling the petiole 2-3-flowered, drupe globose Lu nj ond
99 œ Ctustaceous rind. G. sclerophylla, Wall. Cat. 1095 ; Wig t Ic, t.
Q Qj" arrea, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1095 B. G. sulcata, Wall, Cat. 1096.
of Fao Wall. Cat. 1112, partly. G. obliqua, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 5901 not
C TIOPICAL HimALAYA ; GanwrAL, Falconer ; Sıxxm, alt. 2-300 ft., Hk. f.; Assam,
TTAGONG, and Ava, Wallich, &c. ,
sli id, 1 shrub, herbaceous portions pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 4 in, often
petiol , lobed, ase 3—5-nerved, secondary nerves not arched, prominent enea h
in. Stipules subulate. Cymes umbellate, pedicels diverging, longer t ant K
‘Uncles. _Bracteoles linear-subulate, deciduous, Flower buds ovate-oblong, rib bed .
half the tin. Sepals linear-lanceolate pubescent. Petals obovate, white, no ched,
vim length of the sepals or less. Torus short, hispid. Ovary hairy, 2-ce ° ^ : n
"pe the size of a large cherry, stellate-hairy ; stones 4, 1-celled,

15. G . : 51. f. 1; arborescent,
leaves + oT Pinifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 91, t. 51, f. 1;
ex “S S-nerved oval acute thinly stellate-hairy crenate-serrate, peduncles

; intic di t the base,
anthe Ing the short petiole, flower-buds wu die ral Cat. 1112,

Partly, Smooth, drupe globose glabrescent.

W. A :
m PENINSULA, Pondicherry.—Disra:s. Tropical Africa. cos

388 XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grewia

. ° ' _ . ] ong the
A small tree. Leaves 3 by 11 in., glabrescent above, thinly stellate bairy a
nerves beneath; petiole jin. Peduncles 3-flowered, pedicels short. Fieri
pilose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate. Petals oblong, half the length of the sepals.

16. G. pilosa, Lam. Dict. iii. 43, excl. syn. ; shrubby, leaves aa
scabrous cuneate-obovate or lanceolate, peduncles 1-3 as long as er Po Ç
drupe hairy 1-4-lobed. W, & A. Prodr. i. 78 ; Dalz, & Gibs. B na
G. carpinifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 587; Wall, Cat. p. 237, 1113 C, Tall Cat
of Juss; Roth Nov. Sp. 245, partly. G. involucrata, Wight m aa ni
1093 C. G. commutata, DC. Prodr, i. 511. G. flavescens, Juss. 937 "113 B
iv. 91 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1113 D. G. bipartita, Wall. Cat. p. 23 oe!

G. scabrida, Wall. Cat. 1113. G. orientalis, Gertn. Fruct. ii. t. 1 d

CENTRAL and SOUTHERN INDIA; from GuzeraT to BEHAR, and southw:
Maisor.—Disrris. Tropical Africa. . 4

A small tree or shrub. herbaceous portions rough with stellate hairs. prts P
by 1-14 in., scarcely acuminate, unequally serrate, softer beneath, bam, dd
subcordate, 3-nerved, secondaries arched ; petiole very short, pilose. Stipu F'lower-juds
acuminate. Feduncles axillary, 1 in. ; pedicels as long as the peduncle. Petals linear,
oblong, dilated at the base, constricted in the middle. Sepals Lane En glands.
2-fid, one-third shorter than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely excee DE, reddish-
Anthers and style stellate-hairy. Stigma 4-parted. Ovules numerona: , / ea —Very
brown, the size of a large pea, mesocarp fibrous; stones 1-4, 1-3-celled, pene nearly
great confusion exists in books and herbaria as to the synonymy of this an
allied species. . bels

Several distinct species are called G. pilosa in Wallich's herbarum, and de d
have in all probability been shifted ; moreover, it sometimes happens tha
different plants are included under the same letter.

à b

17. G. villosa, Willd, in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. 1°03, 207 aye 4
leaves rugose above villous beneath suborbicular obliquely d rustaceou®
serratures ciliate, peduncles very short, drupe 4-stoned rin Dalz. & Gils.
DC. Prodr. i. 512; W. € A. Prodr. i, 79; Wall. Cat. 6206; Dam "g'or
Fi. Bomb. 25. G. corylifolia, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 95, t. 20.
biculata, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 551, not of Rottler. Q0R—
perum and Sournern Inpra, from Sinpu and the PANJAB to Faava?

ISTRIB. Cape de Verde Islands, Tropical Africa. . inate T

Herbaceous portions covered with long soft hairs. Leaves 1-3 in., apex ad. peti
rounded, base d-nerved, nerves prominent villous, secondary nerves not rome times op
4-lin. Stipules broad, leafy. Flowers nearly sessile, in close taf als dull yellow,
site the leaves. Bracts oblong. Sepals oblong, acute, villous. 4 ¢4 pilose,
oblong, notched, much shorter than the sepals. Drupe globose, copper
size of a cherry ; stones 4, 1-2-seeded.

00 Drupes fleshy didymous, r tree,

. 0

18. G. multiflora, Juss in Ann. Mus. iv. 89, t. 47, f. 1; d exceed
leaves shortly petioled lanceolate glandular-serrate peduncles par pe
ing the petiole 3-flowered, flower-buds oblong-clavate, petals, w end. 42;
2 lobed. Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. pt. 2, 200. G. sepiaria, Row, Hort Pv gio
Fl. Ind. ii. 589 ; Wall. Cat. 1104, rtly, Q. serrulata, DC.
G. coriacea, Garcke in Pl. Hohenack. exsicc. 1132. scending $

EASTERN BENGAL, Assam, the Sikkim HIMALAYA, and KHASIA Mrs., M alay Archi
4000 ft. ; WESTERN PExiNsuLA, NirGuigr Mrs. ; SINCAPORE.— DISTRIB. y
pelago, East Tropical Africa. š in shape and Mx

Branches slender, sparingly hairy. Leaves distichous, variable 1n short, p
glabrescent, apex sometimes acuminate, base 3-nerved ; petiole Y ength of
Stipules linear-subulate, as long as the petiole. Peduncles half

Grewia. | XXVIII, TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 389

leaves, pilose ; pedicels dilated upwards. Sepals 4 in., linear-oblong. Petals half the
length of the sepals, entire. Drupe the size of a small pea, purplish, glabrescent ; stones
1-seeded.—Doubtful if distinct from G. levigata ; used as a hedge plant.

19. Œ. leevigata, Vahl Symb. i. 34; arborescent, leaves shortly
Petioled glabrescent tapering to both ends acuminate serrate, peduncles
much exceeding the petiole, flower-buds oblong obtuse, drupe 2-lobed.
W. & A, Prodr. i. 77; Wall. Cat. 1086 H; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 199.
G. ovalifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 90. G. didyma, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 591 ;
Wall, Cat. 1086, partly. G. disperma, Rottl. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 579. G. mol-
lococea, Ham. in. Wall. Cat. p.237,1086 F. G. Talpeta, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
p. 237, 1086 G.

EASTERN and SOUTHERN INDIA, from NiPAL, SIKKIM, and the Knasra. Mrs., through

vate EINSULAS, Ava, and Marrasan.—Disreis. Tropical Africa, Malay Islands,

a.

Herbaceous portions thinly stellate-hairy. Leaves 34-44 by 14-14 in., 3-nerved,
herves pilose beneath, secondaries arched ; petiole 3 in. Stipules linear-subulate. Buds
ovoid-oblong, striated, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 2 or 3 together, 2-3-flowered.

racts linear-subulate. Sepals 4-3 in., 3-nerved. Petals oblong-lanceolate, entire,
yellow, half the length of the sepals. Torus glabrous, short. Style longer than the
stamens, Drupe smooth, 1-4-lobed, the size of a small pea, black when ripe; stones
1elled:—Closely allied to G. multiflora, but has larger flowers.

000 Drupes fleshy 1—4-lobed.

20. G. Ritchiei, Mast. ; arboreous, leaves glabrescent ovate-lanceolate
glan ular-serrate 3-nerved, peduncles cymose axillary and terminal, buds

1 ong, subclavate, torus as long as the entire petals sulcate, drupe deeply

SoNcAN, Stocks; Western Guavrs, Ritchie. . ..
thi oung branches stellate-hairy. Leaves 3 by 14 in. coriaceous, glabrous above,
in nly stellate-hairy beneath, base rounded, smaller nerves arching, petiole pilose, 5-&
- Peduncles half as long as the leaves, pedicels pilose. Se pals linear-oblong. Petals
" i Dàrrow-pointed, shorter than the sepals, Style exceeding the stamens. Drupe
j Tplish, 4 in. diam.; stones 1-seeded.—Allied to G. columnaris, but differs in the ob-

uds, very long torus, and deeply lobed fruit.

21. G, bracte y . by, 1 labrescent
` ata, Roth Nov. Sp. 243; shrubby, leaves g S
doros beneath oval-lanceolate, uncles equalling the short. petioles,
Cat 1 4 lobed, stones 2-3-celled. Y. 4 A. Prodr. i. 76. G. obtusa, Wall.
t. 1103, partly.
STERN PENINSULA. in the Carnatic, Heyne; CEYLON.
ves 3-4 by 14-11 in., somewhat oblique serrate, base rounded, 3

arch -nepved, secondaries
ed, with str. aight hairs along the nerves beneath; petiole j in.

t Peduncles solitary

win, axillary 3-flowered. B i ] as the peduncle. s
D . acts broad, pilose, as long | pe

mach, or ovoid, pilose, sulcate Sepals linear, covered with golden down. Petals

Sorter than the sepals, oblong, entire, recurved. Torus Prolonged beyond the

` i : i hairs.—
rupe shrivelled when dry, the size of a cherry, covered with yellow l
Rite specimens, labelled as f from Assam, bat probably from the Calcutta Bot. Gardens,
8 ightly more scabrous, ’

22. G. scabri . by, leaves pilose or
` da, Jall. Cat. 1113, partly ; shrubby, leaves p

a esoent elliptic acute dentato eduncles axillary cymose, much longer

ds, qreue flower-buds cylin ic-oblong ribbed, torus longer wh e

all, Arwpe 4lobed. Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii, 63. G. pilosa,

8 Q^. 1112, partly. G. ferruginea, Hochst. in A, Rich, Fl. Abyss i.

Ux ; . odorata, lume ex Walp. Rep. i. 361. G. acuminata, Juss. in Ann.
us, iv, 91, t. 48, ° .

|

890 XXVIII. TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) (Grete

EASTERN PENINSULA, from Tenasserim, Helfer, to Malacca.—DısTRIB. Malay Archi
clago, West Tropical Africa, Abyssinia. . pis
P A climbing shrub? Branches rusty stellate-hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2} y^
rounded, 3-nerved, transverse nerves prominent ; petiole š in., rusty tomen pet e
subulate-lanceolate. Peduncle 3-4 times longer than the petiole, uie in half the
Sepals š in. and upwards, pilose. Petals oblong, entire or erose, ess Tues dii
length of the sepals, blade from the back of a thick glandular ne socarp fibrous;
angular, sulcate. Drupe glabrescent, the size of a cherry, purplish, me
stones 1-seeded.—Variable in size of parts, and in quality of pubescence.

. prous
23. G. abutilifolia, Juss. in Ann. Mus. iv. 92; arboreous, leaves sca

roundish base cordate or rounded irregularly toothed or lobed, potuit $
clustered axillary half the length of the petiole, petals Los 2 EN
1-4-lobed pubescent. W. A. Prodr.i. 79; Wall. Cat. rem > Wall, Cat.
Bomb, Fl. 26. G. aspera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; F L. Ind. ii. € G. asiatica,
1092 B, C, D, E. G. macrophylla, Z. Don Gen, Syst. i. 549. G.

Wall. Cat. 1089, partly, not of others.

Western PExiNsULA, from the Circars and Kurg to Malabar.—Diersm., poc oi,
A small tree, herbaceous portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves allel, straight;
thinly stellate-hairy on both surfaces. base 3-nerved, smaller nerves p “lose. F
petiole 4 in. Cymes contracted, peduncles 3—4-flowered. Buds o MH P long entire.
ł in. diam. Sepals } in., oblong. Petals much shorter than the N bobo or turbinatt,
Ovary hispid ; style as long as the stamens. Drupes yellow, Mb fed
obscurely 4-lobed, the size of a large pea; stones 4 or fewer, 1-2-ce!ied.

blong-
24. G. diplocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 31; shrubby, leaves i
lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles 3-flowere
petiole, drupe 4-lobed pilose.

Cryton; Matturatte and Oova, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. | ; urplisb.

Herbaceous portions clothed with simple appressed rigid hairs. B rent M py along
Leaves 3-4 by 14-12 in., tapering at the base, glabrescent or ‘pan s subulate,
the nerves, secondary nerves not arched ; petiole iin, hairy. acts subulate,
lanceolate. Peduneles axillary, pedicels shorter than the peduncle. Petals lanceolat®
as long as the pedicels, Buds cylindric-oblong. Sepals linear.

Actes half the length of the sepals, limb scarcely longer than the claw.
4-lobed.

scabrous
25. G. microstemma, Wall. Cat. 1109; shrubby, eo tufted,
broadly lanceolate acuminate coarsely and unequally serra Journ. As.
uds oblong striated, drupe subglobose 1—4-lobed. Kurz in
Beng. 1873, ii. 63. ' &
Pesu and Birma on the Irrawaddy, and at Prome, Wallich, Griff ram by
Young shoots scabrous; branches terete, stellate-hairy | Leaves Sti s subulate-
rounded, 3-nerved, secondary nerves not arched ; petiole } in., hairy eduncles very 5
acuminate, as long as the petiole. Cymes axillary, many-flowered ; pe subentire, shorter
Buds oblong, striated. Sepals 1 inch, linear, 1-nerved. Petals liceano petals.
than the sepals. Torus glabrous, scarcely exceeding the claw 0
the size of a large pea, purplish, glabrescent.

ovate "
26. G. humilis, Wall. Cat. 1110; shrubby, leaves downy jy scurely
roundish acute, petiole and peduncle very short, drupe tur zz in Jour

in
lobed. G. pilosa, Wall. Cat. p.237, 1112 G, G. retusifolia,
As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 294,

Ava, on the Irrawaddy, Wallich; Brema, Kurz. ‘veined, secondary

Branches downy. Leaves 13-2’ by 1-2 in., 3-5-nerved, feather pcte: ae
nerves transverse parallel; petiole very short. Stipules Tinea abort dive ;
hairy, slightly longer than the petiole, dividing above into 2 or

|
|
|

Gremia.] XXVIII. TELIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 391

cels. Ripe fruit wrinkled, glabrescent, on a very short hispid torus.—Near G. hirsuta,
but differing in the broader leaves and smaller fruit.

27. G, hirsuta, Vahl Symb. i. 34; shrubby, leaves glabrescent or pilose
above densely tomentose beneath lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 1-3, drupe
subglobose 4-lobed. W. € A. Prodr. i, 78 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 587 ; Wight Lc.
t.76; Thwaites Enum. 31 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1091 B. G. pilosa, Kowb, Fl. Ind.
1.988 not Lam. G. salvifolia, Wall. Cat. 1091, not of Roth. G. helicteri-
folia, Wall. Cat. 1090 C; Thwaites Enum. 31. G. Roxburghii, G. Don
Gen. Syst. i. 548, excl. syn.’ G. saxatilis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1091 E. G. Sul-
coria, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1090 D. G. longifolia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1090 E.

Southern provinces of the WESTERN PENINSULA; CEYLON. .

Branches stellate-hairy. Leaves distichous, 24-3 by 14-14 in., base 3-nerved, oblique,
rounded, irregularly serrate, wrinkled; petiole 4 in., hairy, thickened at the top.

pules linear, as long as the petiole. Peduncles 1-3, axillary, 2-4-flowered, pedicels
Very short. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse, pilose. Flower Y in. diam., white, subse-
gently yellow. Sepals lanceolate. Petals oblong, entire, half as long as the sepals.

upe glabrescent, the size of a small cherry ; stones 4, 2-celled.—Roxburgh's description

of the stones of this plant being 1-celled is probably erroneous, as shown by Wight and
Thott.

28. G. polygama, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 588 ; shrubby,
faves almost sessile narrow velvety beneath, flowers polygamous, drupe
4-lobed, W, € A. Prodr. i. 78 under G. hirsuta; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1090 B ;
Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb, Fi. 96. G, helicterifolia, Wall. Cat. 1090, partly ;
Thwaites Enum, 31. G. viminea, Wall. Cat. 11114. G. lanceolata, Herb,
Heyne, G. lancifolia, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 21. G. hirsuta, Wall. Cat.
P. 237, 1090 C, G. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 11061. G. biloba, Wall. Cat.
1071. 4G. lancewfolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 586.

North Western India and along the Himalaya, from the Sarr Ranar to NIPAL,
ascending to 4000 ft.; Coxcax, Peau, CEvLos.—DisrgIs. North Australia. di
. perbaceous portions pubescent or thinly pilose; branches spreading. Leaves is-
tichous, 3-4 by 4-$in., lanceolate, very acute, serrate, base 3-nerved, nerves Do
arched, secondary nerves transverse, parallel. Stipules subulate. Peduncles dx
axillary, about half the length of the leaf; pedicels 2-3, divergent, shorter, than u

uncle. Marx fl, Sepals $-} in. diam., linear, longer than the oblong entire pota 8.
Stamens numerous. Hermarnropire fl. Ovary very hairy, shortly stipitate. ipe
lin. diam., hairy, brownish; stones 4, 1-seeded.

Secr. II. Om terminal, or terminal and
Wow Phacarpus. /»florescence terminal, t
axillary, Flowers involucrate, Drupe with a corky or fibrous rind.

2). G. fibrocarpa Vast. ; arborescent, young shoots densely covered
s dh brown hairs, leaves scabrous above pilose beneath, stipules laciniae
wi rescence terminal, drupe 1-celled globose tomentose outside

n.

Mauscca, Maingay, Gri th :

A tree; herbaceous, Mti tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by 13-23 in, somewhat iges
minutely serrulate, base 3—5-nerved, nerves prominent, secondary distant; pe A
densely hairy, Stipules nearly as long as the petiole, ovate, laciniate, concave. lower
praerous, in terminal cymes ; peduncles longer than the petiole ; pedicel a divergent.
ai oblong, entire, 1-1 in. Sepals linear-oblong, very pilose, im ce Drupe
1 be half the length of the sepals. Torus as long as the glands of the petals.

y iin, stone 1-seeded,

meet, globulif . shrubby, herbaceous. portions floccose
tomentose, leaves sak soon ‘oblong acuminate entire, cra rounded
“netved, flower-heads globose, drupe. 1-celled, stone cartilagino

392 XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Grewia.

MALACCA, Griffith, Maingay. .

Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabrescent or thinly stellate-hairy, nerves prominent beneath, secon-
dary nerves distant; petiole 1 in., thickened at the end, tomentose. St, ules caducous.
Inflorescence terminal, floccose-tomentose ; cymes half the length of the leaves, i:
pedicels with 3 ovate entire bracts supporting as many flowers. Buds oblong. Spe
jinear-oblong, & in., tomentose. Petals notched, dilated at the base, shorter than the
sepals. Torus not much longer than the petaline glands. Drupe 1 in., furfuraceo-
tomentose, crustaceous, fibrous in the middle; stone 1-celled, 1-seeded.

31. G. calophylla, Kurz in Andaman Report, App. B, iii. ; shrubby,
leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate acuminate, base rounded, drupe 9-celled.
ANDAMAN ISLES, Kurz; Maracca ? Maingay. EL sol
Leaves 6-7 by 3 in., coriaceous, entire, 3-nerved, secondary nerves distant ; toie
4-1 in. Inflorescence terminal, pedicels articulate. Flower-buds cylindric, boary,
striated. Sepals linear-oblong. Petals shorter than the sepals. .Drupe by. =
obovate, tapering at the base into a stalk, coriaceous and glabrous externally, landet
within; stones 2, 1-celled.—Kurz suggests (Flora 1872, 397) that Jnodaphnis
lata, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. Supp. i. 357, from Sumatra is this plant.

32. Œ. latifolia, Mast. ; a tree, leaves glabrescent above stellate-hairy
beneath oblong acuminate inequilateral entire tapering at the base su
3-nerved, inflorescence terminal fulvo-tomentose, drupe 1-celled.

Matacca, Maingay. les half

Leaves 7-8 by 34 in.; petiole 1 in. pilose. Inflorescence cymose, peduncle a
the length of the leaves, pedicels divaricate. Drupe ovoid, 1 by $ in., glabrous, ható
yellow, crustaceous, middle coat fibrous; stone 1-celled, 1- or more-seeded.—
not seen flowers of this species, which, however, appears quite distinct.

33. G. laurifolia, Hook. ms.; shrubby, leaves glabrous oblong su
acuminate mucronate entire, inflorescence pubescent terminal an
Maracca and PENANG, Maingay, Griffith, &c.—DisrRims. Borneo. |. ning, base
A shrub or tree? Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 13 m, ret
3-nerved, secondary nerves very distant; petiole 1 in. Cyme shorter than t e wire
Involucre of 3 ovate dentate bracts. Sepals 5, pubescent. Petals 5, or "i erin
abortion, sometimes absent. Drupe 4 in., globose, yellow, 1-lobed by abortion, ap p
below into a stalk of nearly equal length to itself, fibrous within ; stone 3-celled.
1 by abortion.— Fruit agreeable subacid ( Maingay).

. $
_ Secr. III. Microcos. Inflorescence terminal, in panicled cymes. Power
involucrate. Drupe entire, ñeshy (unknown in G. sinuata).

24. G. sinuata, Wall. Cat. 1108 ; shrubby, branches spreading glabro

0
cent, leaves ovate obtuse sinuate, stipules entire as long as the very 8
petiole.

ManraBAN and Tenassertm, Wallich, Griffith, &c. Leaves
Branches slender, rigid, widely spreading, thinly stellate-hairy when young. nerves
2 by 1 in, glabrous, coriaceous, Vase rounded, scarcely 3-nerved, seconda as the
straight, apex obtusely acuminate ; petiole 4, in. Stipules subulate, 8$ he pedicels,
patio e. Cymes at the ends of the branches, Buds obovoid, longer than ed
oary. Sepals oblong. Petals oblong, entire, half the length of the sepa.
as long as the glands. Fruit not seen.

ent

35. G. Microcos, 7. ; DC. Prodr. i. 510; shrubby, leaves LM

ovate or obovate-lanceolate serrulate acuminate, stipules subulate- ce num.

W. & A. Prodr. i. 81; Wall. Cat. 1098; Wight IUl. t. 33; That gimi-

32; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 202; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 96. 9, 3, and
folia, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 591; Wall. Cat. 1098, 1,

— ° — F O

Gremia.] XXVII. TILIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 398

p. 237, 1098 H ; Wight Ic. t. 84. G. affinis, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vi. 265.
- begonifolia, Wall. Cat. 237, 1098 D. Ġ. glabra, Jack. Mal. Misc. i. p. 14,
ex Hook, Bot. Misc. i. 282. Microcos paniculata, L. ex W. £ A. Prodr. 1. 81;
Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1098 E, F. M, mala, Ham. in Trans, Linn. Soc, xiii. 549,
M. Stauntoniana, G, Don Gen. Syst. i. 551.—Rheede Hort. Mal. i, t. 56.
Eastern Bencar; Khasia Mts., ascending to 4000 ft.; CHITTAGONG, Birma, and
ManrABAN ; WESTERN PrxiNsULA, Mysore, &c.; Ceyton.—Disrris. Java, China. .
Leaves distichous, 5-6 by 14 in., subcoriaceous, glabrous, or more or less stellate-hairy
beneath, base 3-nerved ; petiole 4-4} in. Stipules entire, half the length of the leaves.
Cymes terminal, peduncles pubescent, pedicels hispid divergent. Bracts subulate.
lowers 2 or 3 together within the bracts. Sepals oblong, pubescent. Petals oblong,
entire or slightly emarginate, thrice shorter than the sepals. Drupe the size of a pea,
Purplish, glabrous ; stone hairy, 3-celled. . f
ax. rugosa; leaves bullate. G. rugosa, Wall. Cat. 1098 B. Arsis rugosa, Lour.
Fl. Coch. 409.—Pegu.

36. G, paniculata, Roxb. F7. Ind. ii. 591; shrubby, leaves pubescent
beneath oblong acuminate serrulate base cuneate, petiole short, stipules
s partite, drupes 1-4-lobed obovoid, Wall. Cat. 1097, partly ; Miq. Fl. Ind.

at. i, pt. 2, 203, G. Blumei, Hassk. Tijdschr, Nat. Gesch, xii, 130 ; Miq. Fi.
Ind, Bat, i, pt, 2,203. Microcos tomentosa, Smith in Rees Cycl. G. atfinis,

assk. Cat. Hort. Bog. 207, not of Lindl. mE
s laaoca and Prwaxa, Hunter, Wallich, Maingay.—Distnie. Java, Philippines,

A tree? or shrub, Leaves 6 by 24 in., base 5-nerved ; petiole } in., pilose. Stipules
nearly equalling the petiole. Cymes terminal, half the length of the leaves, pedicels
usty-floccose. “Bracts divided. Buds subglobose or turbinate, Sepals oblong. Fetale
entire, much shorter than the sepals. Fruiting-pedicels recurved. Drupe the size o
^ large pea, pilose; stones 1`celled.

In addition to the above species, Beddome mentions a G. umbellifera, Bedd., from
uth Canara, with the following imperfect description : “ Leaves oblong-ovate, very
muddenly Pointed asperous, heads of flowers on long stalks axillary or supra-axillary.

m name author describes in Linn. Trans. xxv. 210, a species which he calls G. acu-
«mata (not of Juss.), but of which I have seen no specimen. It is described as a

an tree with glabrous shoots; leaves 4-6 by 2 in. oblong acuminate aan
petiolo 1 in, stipules small subulate; peduncles very short lateral or axillary 2-5-

Wered bracteolate ; sepals covered with ash-coloured pubescence.

7. COLUMBIA, Pers.

Trees or shrub ves si i Flowers clustered,
: e le, usually oblique.
Clusters in terminal Daniele “Sepals 5, distinct. etals 5, glandular at the
NM Stamens indefinite, free, springing from a raised torus, vary
"i elled, cells 2-4-ovuled; style subulate, entire. Capsule roun i 3$
d nged, 3- -coccous, cocci indehiscent 1-seeded, Seed albuminous ; coty

ons flat.—Disrrm, A genus of about 5 species, natives of Tropical Asia,

Lc florib ; ; lc, 198 ; leaves scabrous
w unda, Wall, in Voight Cat, Hort, Calc, Y
above puberulous beneath oblong Acute spinuloso-denticulate base cordate.
Wal in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 63. Glossospermum 1 quinque-alatuin,
Be 1154 and 7841,
^; at Taong Don , Wallich ; Ava, Martaban, Kurz. .
S mud; Younger portions scabrid, stellate-hairy. Leaves 5 by piian 3-T-nerved,
teni], "ps, Üoccose-tomentose. Flowers small Sepals jy in. o ong k tellate-
hairy "etale oblong-spathulate, as long as or longer than the sepals. i y hà to 3-5
indeh: 1-1 in. diam., 3-winged, stellate-hairy, separating when ripe

894 XXVIII. TILIACEÆ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Columbia.

9. €. meruensis, Planch. ms. ; leaves lanceolate acuminate serrate
1-3-nerved scabrous above puberulous beneath.

TenAssert™, at Mergui, Griffith. . . M -

Leaves 6-8 by 2 int petiole J in. Fruit 14 in. diam., downy, 3-winged.—Imper
fect specimens only seen.

. 8, BRINOCARPUS, Nimmo.

A tree. Leaveslong-petioled, roundish-cordate, toothed, 5-7-nerved, curi
times 3-lobed. Flowers large, yellow, in large terminal panicles. pe i )
distinct. Petals 5, clawed. Stamens numerous, springing fro To vuled ;
torus, free, or slightly united at the base. Ovary 3-celled, cel u es "t
style filiform, stigma minute Fruit indehiscent, woody, tn bumen
3-winged, spiny, l-celled by abortion. Seed solitary, pendulous, a
fleshy ; cotyledons ovate, flat.—The only species

lvat.
1. E. Nimmoanus, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 21; Beddome Flor. Sy
t. 110; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27.

Western PENINSULA ; the Concan and Dekkan, Stocks, &c. :

Leaves 4 by 4} in., glabrous; petiole 1-4 in. Stipules caducous. Bracia 6 Y
tomentose, ovate-oblong. Flower-buds oblong. Flower $in. diam.
14 in.

9. TRIUMFETTA, Linn.

. r$.
Herbs or undershrubs, generally more or less covered with stellate Las

Leaves serrate, simple or lobed. lowers yellowish, in dense MN h. ]obed,
5, oblong, concave. Petals5b. Stamens 5-35, springing from m " stigma
glandular torus, Ovary 2-5-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style fili ser or 3-6-
5-toothed. Capsule globose or oblong, spiny or bristly, indelgscen straight,
valved. Seeds 1-2 in each cell, pendulous, albuminous ; em s mostly
cotyledons flat.—DisTRIB. A genus of about 40 very variable species,
tropical weeds,

* Fruit globose rarely ovoid.

" . us OF

1. T. tomentosa, Bojer in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. xx. 103; herbal
suffruticose inore or less downy, leaves variable, fruit globose. co vata
straight spines. Mast. in Olw. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 258. hy M Enum.
Prodr. i. 5071. T. pilosa, Wall. Cat. 1080. T. pilosa, var. a, Thuis i 337,
31. T. vestita, Wall, Cat. 1078, 1, 2. T. indica, Ham. in, WIN oz
1078 D; W. & A. Prodr. i. 74 T oblonga, Wall. in Don Prodr.

. š YLON.—
Eastern BENGAL; Silhet, Wallich; Simua, Govan; Assam, | Griffith; ú
Disrris. Mauritius, Madagascar, East Tropical Africa, West Indies? bescent beneath,
Stem hispid. Leaves 4 by 3 in., thinly stellate-hairy above, M r obliquely
ovate, acuminate, sometimes lobed, crenulate, base rounded, 5-7-nerve "Flowers yellow,
lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved ; petiole about 2 in. Stipules lanceolate. ns 5-1. ruit
in interrupted spikes. Sepals apiculate, densely stellate-hairy. rond along the
the size of a large pea, hispid, spines ciliate along the lower edge, £ * that the African
upper, with a straight transparent bristle-point.—1t is not quite eor té of T. pilosa
and Indian plants are specifically identical. Perhaps only a woolly sta

; Ibous at
2. T. pilosa, Roth Nov. Sp. 223; herbaceous, bristly, bristles Pm equally
the base, lower leaves lobed upper ovate or ovate- a spines which
toothed, fruit globose tomentose covered xit long "Ps p 5.
are glabrous along the upper hispid along the lower edge. "5^ mb.
L 74. T. pilosa,-var. 8, Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz £ Gibs Bomb

Triumfetta,| XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 895

T. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 1078 C. T. glandulosa, Heyne herb.; Wall. Cat.
1077,5. T. polycarpa, Wall. Cat. 1079. T. oblongata, Link. Enum. Pl.
ort. Ber, ii. 5; Wall. Cat. 1077, 1, 2, 3.

Throughout Tropical India, from Nipat and Kumaon to Ava and Matacca, Tera-
VANCOR, and Ceyton.—Disrris. Abyssinia, West Tropical Africa. . .
Upper leaves 34-4 by 21 in. lower 3-lobed, stellate-hairy on both sides; petiole
iin, villous. Stipules subulate-aristate, shorter than the petiole. Peduncles shorter
than the petiole. Flowers iin, yellow. Sepals linear, apiculate. Petals oblong-
spathulate, scarcely shorter than the sepals, ciliate at the base. Stamens about 10.
rut (including the spines) about the size of a cherry, 4-celled, 8-seeded.

3. T. glabra, Herb. Miss.; W. & A. Prodr. i. 75; suffruticose stem
pubescent, leaves subcordate 3-lobed 7-nerved, fruit globose covered with
ooked spines ciliated for nearly their whole length.

Western PENINSULA; Canara, at Balticalo, Rottler. I 3

Leaves 24 by 2 in. glabrous, lobes coarsely and irregularly toothed, slightly cuspidate.

lowers in terminal leafless clusters, Sepals apiculate. Petals oblong, glabrous at
the base. Stamens 30-35 (W. & A.) filaments glabrous. Fruit slightly hairy.—
Differs from T. semitriloba in the number of stamens and in the larger fruit.

4. T: rhomboidea, J acq.; DC. Prodr. i. 507; glabrous or pubescent,
leaves polymorphous, fruit small globose or ovoid pubescent and with
hooked spines. T. angulata, Lam. Dict. iii. 41 ; Wight Ic. t. 320 ; W. 4 A.
Prodr. i. 74; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25; Wall.
Cat. 1075, 2, O; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. pt. i. 197. TT. anguiata, 8. acuminata,

- Cat. 1075 8. "I. Bartramia, Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 463; Wall. Cat, 1075,

, T. trilocularis, Xozb. Fl, Ind. ii. 462; Wall. Cat. 1083. T. vestita,
Wail, Cat, 1078, an part.

imEhout tropical and subtropical Innra and Carros, ascending to 4000 ft. in the

Aaya.—DisrRIB. nds, China, Tropical Africa.
Herbaceous or. sih ey rte ovate rhomboid or cordate, 3-7-nerved, apex
acute or somewhat 3-lobed, serrate, variable in amount and quality of pubescence.

wers iin, yellow, in dense cymes. Pedicels short. Flower-buds oblong, club-
shaped, apiculate, Sepals oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base. Stamens
8-15. Capsule the size of a small pea, albido-tomentose between the spines, "pines
hooked, g abrous or ciliated.—Some of the forms of this protean species are superficially
of werent that they may be mistaken for distinct species. On examination, homeen,
erage suites of specimens from various localities, it will be found that par pm
merge one into the other. 'The same variability occurs in Tropical Africa and else-
Where—see Flora of Trop. Afr. i. 257.

5. T. rotundifolia, Lam. Dict. iii. 421; leaves suborbiculate gla-
brescent above tomentose beneath, flowers in interrupted racemes, zu
pos 7S pubescent, spines conical snbulate hooked pubescent, Ve A

dr. i. 75; Roth Nov. Sp. 222; Wall. Cat, p. 237, 1076 B, C, D, E; 2 TE
Pil. Dati pt. 2,196; Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 95. T. suborbiculata, AM.

rodri, 506. T. orbiculata, Koenig in Roxb. Hort. Beng. 36. T, bilocularis,
Wall. Cat, 1081.

Edgeworth, to Maisor,
Peau, Walig TSA and CENTRAL INDIA, from Bandelkhand, Edg ,

thi uffruticose, roughish. — Leaves 1} in., coriaceous, unequally — lower serratnres
ined: Tügose and glabrescent above, cream-coloured and pubescen i m ath ;

Mole 4 in, Sepals apiculate, albido-tomentose. Petals oblong, ciliate, at the | nse,

lae p BRE Fruit globose, the size of a pen, ur uin E ed e 1 che spines
ea LOS a iin

Wider at the Qa only a form of T. rhomboidea, but having

396 XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) —[Triwmfetta.

6. P. semitriloba, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 507 ; herbaceous or pups
cent, pubescent villous or glabrescent, leaves variable, fruit globose prie 2
prickles hooked shaggy or ciliated scarcely dilated at the base. Wi
1075, partly. | weed
— TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Gomez.—DisTRIB. A tropical weed. E

Stem hispidulous. Leaves cordate-ovate, sub-3-lobed, coarsely and ray
toothed, 5—7-nerved, downy, upper leaves smaller ovate-lanceolate ; petioles io
Flowers in clusters along the sides of the branches. Buds oblong. Sepals T ‘lve d,
Petals ciliate at the base. Stamens 10-15. Fruit the size of a large ea, 4- ud pa
barbed.—A variable plant as to pubescence and form of leaf, and closely all
T. rhomboidea, but differs in its larger fruit with bristly or shaggy spines.

7. T. annua, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 507; annual, nearly glabrous, leaves
ovate acuminate toothed, fruit glabrous globose covered with long 1079
spines. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2,196. T. polycarpa, Wall Cat iy
partly. T. trichoclada, Link, ex DC. Prodr. i. 507; Wall. .

T. indica, Lam. Dict. iii. 4901 i CoxcAX

Tropica, HIMALAYA, from Simla to Sikkim; the Kuasia Mrs., Assam, CONCA
Ava, and Anpaman Istanps.—Distris. Malay Archipelago, ‘Tropical, Africs. aves 4.5

Stem 1-2 ft., with a line of hairs along one side, shifting at each joint. 3 flowere 1
by 2-4 in.; petiole long. Stipules subulate. Peduncles } in., extra-axillary, ahay
Flowers about } in. Petals orange, nearly as long as the apiculate sepals.

10. Fruit the size of a large pea, glaucous, 4-celled ; spines glabrous.

e

8. T. cana, Blume Bijdr. i. 116; leaves ovate-oblong oh lance
acuminate slightly cordate unequally toothed thinly stellate- t mo 66,
densely beneath, peduncles extra-axillary, sepals tomentose, fruit 8
spines straight ciliated. Thomson

The Krasta Mrs. and Chittagong, Hook. d Thoms.; Assam, Sincapore, G.
—Disrrm, Java, Hongkong. iy, Stamens

Stem hispid. Leaves 2 by 3 in.; petiole 1 in. Flowers scarcely i rn parent
10-12. Fruit the size of a small pea; prickles hispid, with a slender
straight point.

** Fruit oblong.

ish.

9. T. neglecta, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 75; annual, leaves Mec 1
stamens 5-10, fruit oblong indehiscent covered with hooked SP entandra-
on the upper edge. Mast. in Oliv. Flor. Trop. Afr. i. 255. 1. D 1075 F.
Guill, & Perr, Fl. Seneg. i, 93, t. 19; Ham. in Wall. Cat. p. 231, `
T. pilosul , Thwaites Enum, 401. t Trincomalee.—
D Nortu Panties Innra, Royle; Western PENINSULA; CEYLON, at Trin

ISTRIB, ssinia, Senegal. . te,

Slightl hairy, branched Leaves subcordate, acuminate or slightly 3-lobed, se in
hairy on both surfaces, especially beneath, upper lanceolate. Flowers labrous below
lateral extra-axillary clusters. ‘Sepals linear. Petals oblong, obtuse, 8'2

insular

Wight and Arnott, in Prodr. i. 75, describe as T.? microphylla, a Pod, glabrous

known only in a malformed condition. Stems herbaceous, erect, Hino bearing ë
leaves oblong-lanceolate, not lobed, sharply serrate, glabrous; pedune

a ilosa eà
flowers, opposite ? to the leaves; stamens 5-8.—It is perhaps a state of T. p

down by the cattle or goats.
10. CORCHORUS, Linn.

2 bescence-
Herbs or undershrubs, more or less covered with stellate P^ flowered
Leaves simple. Peduncles axillary or opposite to the leaves,

Corchorus.) XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 397

Flowers small, yellow. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, glandless. Stamens free,
indefinite or rarely twice the number of the petals, springing from a short
torus. Ovary 2-6-celled, style short, stigma cup-shaped. Capsule elon-
gated, slender or subglobose, smooth or prickly, loculicidally 2-5-valved,
Sometimes with transverse partitions, Seeds numerous, albuminous, pen-

ulous or horizontal ; embryo curved,—Distris, A genus of about 35
Species, for the most part widely dispersed throughout the tropics.

* Capsule globose, not beaked.

1. C. capsularis, 7. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505; annual, capsules oblate sub-
globose 5-celled. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 581; W. & A. Prodr. i. 73; Wall.
Cat. 1071 ; 1071, B, C ; Wight Ic.t. 311; Thwaites Enum. 31; Dalz. & Gibs.

omb. Fl. 25 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. Marua, Ham. in Wall. Cat.
6311.— Rumph. Amb. v. t. 78, f. 1.

Throughout the hotter parts of India; cultivated in most tropical countries.
eaves 2—4 by 3—1 in., glabrescent, oblong, acuminate, coarsely toothed, base gene-
rally prolonged into tail-like appendages; petiole 14 in. Stipules 1-3 in. Capsule
wrinkled, muricate, 5-valved, vaives without transverse septa. Secds few in each cell.
—Yields the fibre known as Jute.

** Capsule elongated, beak entire.

2. C. olitorius, Z. ; DU. Prodr. i. 504; annual, capsule elongate gla-
brous 3-6-valved valves with transverse partitions between the seeds, beak
long erect, — oz). FU. Ind. ii. 581 ; W. £ A. Prodr. i. 73; Wall. Cat. 1072 ;
1, 2, 3, 4, D, E, F; Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 845; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 25;

4. Fl. Ind, Bat. i. pt. 2,195; Thwaites Enum. 31. C. decemangularis,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 582 ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1072 G.
contitigenous in many parts of India.—Generally distributed by cultivation in all tropical

ntries.

Leaves 2-4 b 1-2 in., nearly glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, serrate, the
two lower serratures prolonged Tto long sharp points; petiole 1-2 in., pilose. pain
Shorter than the petiole. Peduncles 1-3-flowered ; shorter than the petiole. Sepals
Shortly pointed. Petals yellow, spathulate. longer than the sepals. Capsule 2 in.,
cylindric, 10-ribbed.—Cultivated as a otherb, or for its fibre (Jute). The plant varies
7 stature, hairiness, &c Arnott (in herb.) corrects an error into which he had fallen
in the measurement of the pod, in the Prodromus, and which, as corrected, should read—

š 10-12 times longer than broad.”

4,9. €. trilocularis, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 504; annual, capsule elongate

/ 3-angled scabrous or aculeate beak short erect, valves with transverse
partitions W, Z. A. Prodr i. 72; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 582; Wall. Cat.
1070 B Wight in Wall, Cat. 1070 C; ‘Dalz. & Gis. Bomb. FI. 25.

papa, Stocks; Norru-west Provinces, from Amballa to the Panjab ; Nilghirris
` C ISTRIB. Affghanistan, Tropical Africa. .
wi howe’ 1-4 by Lin. elliptic-oblong or oblong lanceolate, crenate-serrate with or
o», ont basal lobes; petiole very short, pilose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, very short,
scope the leaves, Capsule 2-3 in., straight or curved, 3—4-angled, 3-4-valved, valves
0 jio 105. Of this species Wight and Arnott, l.c., make three varieties: a, leaves ov ate
lees, capsules in pairs, 3-angled ; 8, leaves ovate-oblong, capsules solitary 4-angled ;
loon oblong-lanceolate capsules in pairs 3-angled. To the latter belongs Wallich’s
t would appear, however, that these are mere individual variations.

4. C. urticar i 73: 1, capsules terete or

; olius, W. £ A. Prodr. i. 73; annual, cap .
vightly S-angled not exceeding one inch pilose beaked, beak eect. entire,

ves with transverse internal partitions. Thwaites Enum. 31. C. olitorius,

398 XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Corchorus.

Wall. Cat. 1072 F, partly. C. subscandens, Wall. Cat. 1074. C. sestuans,
Hb. Madr. ; Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074. i

Southern provinces of the Western PrwiwsULA, Wight; Ava, Wallich; CEYLON,
Trincomalee, T'hwaites.—DisrRIB. Abyssinia. °

Leaves 2-3 by 1-12 in., thinly pilose, cordate, sometimes oblique, ovate soumiat
dentate (almost precisely as in Urtica dioica). Peduncles extra-axillary, 2-5 lovem
Capsule 1 in., bent downwards, hairy.—Closely allied to C. trilocularis but with a muc
shorter pod.

5. C. fascicularis, Lam.; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsule short m
cylindric puberulous shortly beaked, valves nearly destitute of interna
partitions. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ü. 582; Tkwaites Enum. 401; Dalz.

Bomb. Fl. 24 ; Wall. Cat. 6312. C. linearis, Wall. Cat. 1070, partly. h

Throughout the hotter parts of India from Banna, Edgeworth, to Brxeat, the
WESTERN PENINSULA and Üsvzox.— Distria. Tropical Australia and Africa.

Leaves 1-2 by 4-4 in., oblong lanceolate, serrated; petioles very short pibes,
Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-5-flowered. Sepals žy in. Stamens 9-10. aps
1-1 in., 3 or 4 together, each 3-4-valved, valves downy.

6. G. Antichorus, Reusch. Nomencl. Bot. ed. iii. 158 ; woody, perennial
much branched, branches prostrate, capsule cylindric elongate Dea xai
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 846; Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 263. Antichorw
depressus, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 504. Corchorus humilis, Munro tort
Agrens. Appendix 35; Wight Ic. 1073; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 25.

North Western India from Sixpu, Stocks, and the Punsas, Vicary, to Acra, Munro.
Westers PENINSULA, in Kattywar, Guzerat and the Deccan.— DISTRIB. Affghavistan,
Aden, Tropical Africa, Cape de Verde Isles. . dish

Branches tortuous, imbricate, 6-7 in. Leaves 4-3 by 4 in., shortly petioled, a "oj.
plicate, crenate-serrate, base 3-nerved. Peduncles short, stout, opposite the ayer
Capsules 4-14 in., straight or curved, 4-valved.

*** Capsule elongated, beak 3-fid spreading.

7. C. tridens, 7.; DC. Prodr. i. 505; annual, capsule elongate qu
dric terminated by 3 spreading points, valves without partitions, ^ ^,^
Prodr. i. 73; Thwaites Enum. 401; Wall. Cat. 10735 Boiss. Fl. Ori se
845. C. Burmanni, DC. Prodr. i. 505. C. linearis, Wall. Cat, 100%
C. trilocularis, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 37, f. 2.

Generally distributed —Disrris. Australia and Africa.

Variable as to habit, pubescence and form of leaf. Leaves 1-3 by $-
oblong or lanceolate; petiole 4—] in. Peduncles 1-4-flowered. Capsule 1
this species Wight and Arnott recovnise three forms, viz. :—a, leaves lanceolate ai b
ate, Wall. Cat. 1073. 8, leaves linear oblong or linear-lanceolate, C. Burma pen
C. linearis, Wall. Cat. 1070, C. y, leaves oblong or obovate cuneate at the pase
The three forms merge one into the other.

1 in, linear-
-9in—!
cumin-

8. C. acutangulus, Lam. ; DC. Prodr. i. 505 ; annual, capsules elor

gate 6-angled 3 of the angles winged, beak 3-fid divisions spreading bor
zontally, valves with or without partitions, W. & A. P rodr. 1. vat ha z
Cat. 1069, 1074 D, E; Wight, Ic. t. 739; Thwaites Enum. 91; C rn,
Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 25; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 194. C. estuary” prs
in Wall. Cat. p. 237, 1074 C. C. fuscus, Roxb, Hort, Beng. 425 cA mein
582; Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1069. +. Tropical
Throughout the hotter parts of INpia and Crvrow.— DISTRIP. Anstrelis, Sp
A rica, West Indies.
Leaves 1-3 by 3-1 in., more or less hairy, ovate and acute, or oblong ie
serrate, with or without basal lobes; petiole j in., hairy. Stipules ^n

d acuminate,
r-subulate,

Corchorus.) | XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 399

much shorter than the petiole. Peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-3-flowered. Capsule
1-14 in.—Wight and Arnott describe the septa between the seeds as nearly obsolete,
but they are frequently well marked.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,

_ C. rumus, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6310 (a plant cultivated in the Calcutta Garden),
ls too imperfect to be determined. It is probably a depauperated form of some common
species,

11. PLAGIOPTERON, Griff.

A climbing shrub. Leaves opposite and alternate, pubescent, entire.
ers numerous, in peduncled panicles. Sepals 5, Petals 5, reflexed.
tamens numerous ; filaments clavate ; anthers 2-celled, cells divergent at
the base. Ovary 3-celled ; styles consolidated, subulate ; ovules 2 in each
cell, collateral. ^ Fruit subturbinate, woody, 3-celled, 3-winged at the
summit.—Distrip, A solitary species.

1. P. fragrans, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist, iv. 244, t. 13.

TESASSERIM, at MERGor, Griffith. . . .
Stellate-pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in. ovate-oblong, cuspidate; petiole } in.
lowers small, fragrant. Petals 3-4 times longer than the sepals, Stamens longer
an the petals, filaments capillary. Ovary pilose. Fruit 1} in. diam.—Griffith,
who describes this plant from specimens growing in the Calcutta Garden, says that it
38 supposed to come from Silhet ; but I find specimens in his own Herbarium gathered
y himself in Mergui, probably at a subsequent date.

12 ECHINOCARPUS, Blume.

Trees, Leaves sim le, arch-veined. Pedundes axillary, 1-flowered, soli-
tary or tufted. Sepals 4, imbricate. Petals 4, gashed. Stamens numerous,
Tee, springing frou a thick disk ; anthers linear, opening by a terminal pore.
Ty 3-4-celled ; cells many-ovuled ; style subulate. Capsule coriaceous or
woody, prickly or setose, 3-4- or by abortion, 1-celled. Seeds solitary foi
W many, pendulous, ovoid, testa bony shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons
Toad, flat. — DisrRIB. One species is Australian, another Javan, the re-
mainder are Indian.

l E. Murex, Benth. in Proc. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. p. 71; ane
oblong or sublanceolate acuminate glabrous on both surfaces, spines of the
as dilated at the base.

Hasta Mrs. ; alt. 3-5000 ft., Hk. f. & T. evi
abrous except the peduncles. ef a 3-4 by 1} in.; petiole 1 in. a reduncle 1 in.
lowers not seen, Capsule 1-14 in., ovoid, woody, 4—5-valved, valves downy, cor k

with long straight subulate spines.—Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 67), "^ r

fes E, Murex with Blume's E. Sigun, but in the absence of anthentic speci mens of t ie

latter I hesitate to adopt his view seeing how far apart the Khasia Mountains and. ava

de, and that the species has been found in no intermediate station. Clos, moreover,
escribes E, Sigun as differing both in the foliage and spines of the capsules.

2 E. assamicus, Benth. l.c. 72; leaves elliptic-oblong abruptly acu-

it
malai glabrous above thinly pubescent beneath, spines of the frui

Urrrn Ass AM. d

A medium-sized (oot Leaves 9 by 4 in. ; petiole 2-8 in. Potinde puberelons,

i Y Void, bristly; style subulate. Fruit pendulous, 2 in. diam., globose, studde
with long slender spines,

400 XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Echinocarpus.

3. E. sterculiaceus, Benth. loc. cit. 72; leaves ovate or obovate cuspt-
date downy beneath, spines of the fruit subulate.

Eastern HIMALAYA ; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at 2000 ft., Hk. f. .

A tree. Bark smooth. Leaves 8-10 by 4 in., base rounded or subcordate, minutely
serrulate ; petiole 2 in. Peduncles tomentose, 1-13 in. F'ruit globose, densely cove
with very long subulate spines.

4. E. tomentosus, Benth. loc. cit. 72 ; leaves elliptic tomentose beneath,
capsule covered with short bristles.

Eastern HIMALAYA; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft., Hk. f. .

A lofty tree, younger portions tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 3—4 in., coriaceous, acum
nate, serrated, base rounded ; petiole 12 in., downy, thickened at the apex. Pedu
14-2 in., tomentose, thickened at the apex. Flowers | iu. diam. Sepals 5, ovate,
pointed. Petals oblong, concave, 4-5-toothed at the apex. Anthers linear, apiculate,

laments pilose. Capsule 14 in., ovoid, woody, 4-5-valved, valves densely covered with

short fine bristles.

5. E. dasycarpus, Benth. loc. cit. 72; leaves oblong or oblanceolate
entire or serrulate glabrous on both surfaces, petals longer than the calyx,
fruit covered with short dense ultimately deciduous spines.

Eastern HIMALAYA; Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, alt. 4-6000 ft., Hk. f. iol

A tree. Leaves 4-5 by 3 in., coriaceous, shortly acuminate, base tapering ; petio f
1 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles 14-2 in., axillary or aggregated at the end o
the branches. lowers nearly 1 in. diam. Receptacle cushion-shaped, pitted. Se
oval or orbicular. Petals broad, lobed. Anthers oblong, apiculate. Ovary 4-ce led,
style longer than the ovary. Capsule 1 in.. subglobose, 4-5-valved, valves woody.
Seeds 4 by 3 in., oval, black, smooth. — Variable in foliage and size of flower.

13. BLIEOCARPUS, Linn.

. Trees, Leaves simple. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, rarely polygamovs,
in axillary racemes, Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, usually laciniate at the
apex, rarely entire, springing from the outside of a cushion-shaped, otten
5-lobed torus. Stamens usually indefinite; never less than 10, arising from
the inside of the torus, and more or less aggregated into groups opposite the
petals and alternating with the glands of the torus ; anthers innate, linear,
opening by a terminal pore. Ovary sessile, 2-5-celled, cells 2-many-ovwee
style columnar. Drupe with a single bony stone which is 3-5 or by abortion
1-celled. Seeds pendulous, 1 in each cell, albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat. d
DisTRIB. About 50 species, most abundant in the hotter parts of India an
the Indian archipelago. A few species are found in some of the South
islands, New Zealand, and Australia,

Sect. L Ganitrus. Ovary and drupe 5-celled.

1. E. Ganitrus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 592; leaves plabrer
cent elliptic acute, stamens many anthers bearded, drupe globose. Wall t ii
2660 A to D; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb, FI. 27. Ganitrus sphzerica, Gærtn. Frue.
271, t. 139; Wight Ic. i. 66.—Rumph, Amb. iii. t. 101. lich;

Native of various parts of India, Roxburgh; NipeAL, and CHITTAGONG, Wa » 4
Maracca, Concay, on the higher Ghats, Dalz. & Gibs.—Drsrgis. Malay Archipelago,
Roxburgh. . bulate,

A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in., serrulate; petiole 4-3 in. Stipules minute, owe
caducous. Aacemes from the old wood, drooping, shorter than the leaves. alk
buds ovoid-conical, elongate. Flowers } in. diam. white. Sepals lanceolate, Se".
nate, glabrescent, internally I-ribbed. Petals glabrescent, oblong, laciniate

Elaocarpus.| XXVIII. TILIACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 401

down. Stamens 35-40. Ovary spherical, albido-pilose; style longer than the sta-
foal Dre the size of a cherry, globose, purple; stone tubercled, grooved, 5-celled,
ed.

? E. parvifolius, Wall. Cat. 684 and 2662 A, B; leaves glabrous
elliptic acute at both ends minutely serrulate, stamens 15-920, anthers beard-
less, drupe oblong. C. Mull. Anot. de fam. Eleocarp. 24.

Matacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith, &c.; Penane, Jack; Stxcarore.—Distris. Borneo.

A small tree. oung shoots silky. Leaves 3-34 by 1 in.; petiole 1-2 in. Pedicels
and calyx villosulous. “Flowers about $ in. diam. Glands large, 2-lobed, opposite the
sepals. Stamens in pairs between each gland, opposite the petals, and singly opposite
the A oer and sepals. Ovary 5-celled, cells opposite the petals. Drupe 3 in. and up-
wa olive-shaped ; stone 5-celled.—In one of Wallich’s specimens the drupe is globose.

$ E. nitidus, Jack Mal. Misc; ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 84 ; leaves
qvate-lanceolate serrate, stamens 15, anthers beardless, drupe globose.
Ma. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208; Wall. Cat. 2670.

Matacca and PENANG, Jack, &c.—Disrri. Java.

Ate. Leaves 4-6 by 2-24 in., base tapering; glabrous, petiole 1-3 in. Flowers
jin. diam, Sepals linear, acute, thinly pilose. Stamens 15, 10 in pairs between the

nds. Drupe globose; stone rugose, 5-celled, one cell only usually fertile.—Like Z. ro-

us, but differing in the anthers and fruit.

Scr. II. Dicera. Flowers bisexual. Anthers not, or scarcely prolonged
at the apex (see also E. prunifolius and E. pedunculatus). rupe 1-3-celled.

tuj dire usually bearded, sometimes not (see E. robustus and E. lanceæ-
a E. serratus, 7, ; W. & A. Prodr, i. 82, not of Roxb. ; leaves elliptic
Use or acuminate crenate-serrate, stamens 20-35, anther-valves sparingly
Bp drupe oblong, stone tubercled 1-celled l-seeded. Wall Cat. 2666
Wall. ^ L; Thwaites Enum. 32 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 208. E. Pirincara,
; Cat. 2664 partly, not of DU. E. integrifolius, Lam. Ill. t. 459; DC.
71.519. ?E.lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026.
ad Orica Hntaraya ; Sikkim, 2-3000 ft., Hk. f., Nipal, Wallich; Eastern BENGAL,
tie Eastery and Western PentnsuLas.—Distris. Java. .
warcel y ` Leaves 4-5 by 24 in., glabrous, base tapering; petiole 1$ in. Racemes
diam Y &b long as the leaves, ascending. Flower-buds ovoid-conical. Flowers jin.
"a pals ovate, speckled, glabrous. Petals laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the
oblong 102”, villous, 3-celled. Drupe the size and form of a small olive, edible; stone
15 pointed, tubercled, pitted, 1-celled.—1n Lamarck's integrifolius the leaves are
mei ne The plant called Z. serratus in Roxburgh’s unpublished drawings ap-
“w. As longs to this species, having a 1-celled stone, while the species so called 1n
Wal, E25 Fi. Ind. ii. 596, is described as 3-celled. I have referred E. lacunosus,
and fnit th to this species and to Æ. cuneatus with doubt. The specimens bave eaves
belong, on'y, and are insufficient to determine to which species (1f either) they really

5. B, floribunda » "m l inate
us, Blume Bijdr. 120; leaves elliptic-oblong acumin
beard errate base acute, peduncles 8 reading, stamens about 20, anthers
Eg.) LUPE ovoid I-celled 1-seeded. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 210.
E. obl Wall. Cat. 2661. F. serratus, Roxb. ez Wall. Cat. 2666 A, B, partly.
R Lob 8, Wall. Cat. 2677; C. Müll. Anot. de fam, Elcocarp. 19, f. 30.
lanus, Turc; in Mose. Bull. 1858, 235.

Terasmaa SAL; Khasia Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., and Chittagong; Assam, Griffith ;
; Helfer ; Stncapore; Biema, Kurz.—DisrRIs. Java. m

Wo, p Caves 4 by 23 in. and upwards, coriaceous, glabrous, acute Db

402 XXVIII. TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Eleocarpus.

venation obscure ; petiole 13 in., thickened at the top. Flower } in. diam. Pediott
pilose. Sepals deltoid-lanceolate. Petals cuneate, cut halfway down, lobes fringed.
Ovary 3-celled. Stone pitted.

6. E. robustus, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 597 ; leaves ovate-
oblong acuminate serrate, flower-buds oblong-ovoid, stamens 50, anthers
bearded rarely beardless, drupe ovoid 3-celled l-seeded. Wight Ic. t. 64;
1Wall. Cat. 2664 A. E. ovalifolius, Wall. Cat. 2665; C. Müll. Anot. de fam.
Eleocarp. 21 E. amygdalinus, Wall. Cat. 6857. E. serratus, Wall. Cat.
2666 C. E. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 2677 1 (specimen imperfect) E. aristatus,
Wall. Cat. 2665 B. 1 Wall. Cat. 9027 (a monstrous form, not in flower).

From the EASTERN HIMALAYA, Sikkim, alt. 2000 ft., and the Kuasia Mrs. to CHIT-
TAGONG, TENASSERIM, MALACCA and PENANG ; also in Canara and CEYLON. à

A tree or shrub? Young shoots pubescent. Leaves 6-8 by 24-3 in. and upwards,

labrous; petiole 1-2 in. acemes shorter than the leaves. Flower-buds d
lowers i in. diam. Anthers puberulous. Ovary downy. Drupe 1-14 in. rm
hard crustaceous, yellow ; stone furrowed deeply pitted.

7. E. cuneatus, Wight Ill. i. p. 83; leaves cuneate-obovate acuminate,
stamens 30-40, anthers bearded, ovary 3-celled, drupe olive-shaped, p
3-celled. ? E. serratus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 296 ; Mi. n Her»
Hohenack. ; Thwaites Enum, 32. 1 E. lacunosus, Wall. Cat. 6858, 9026.

Eastern HIMALAYA; Sikkim; Cuirracone; SinHET; Birma and TENASSERIM;
Western PENINSULA, the Southern Provinces, Wight, Beddome ; CEYLON, 1 eae y

A small tree. Leaves 3 by 14 in, glabrous, serrulate , petiole 3-4 in. Bace la-
shorter than the leaves. - Buds conical. Petals speckled (in dried specimens), one
brous, ciliolate. Anthers usually bearded or not, on the same specimen. Drupe ies
size and form of an olive; stone rugose, pitted, 3-celled.—The synonymy of this spec
is open to doubt.

8. E. lancesefolius, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 598 ; pude:
broad lanceolate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, stamens 15, nT
oblong-ovoid 1-celled. Wight Ic.i. 65. E. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 2667, par y.

Eastern HIMALAYA, Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft.: Bhotan, Griffith; Kuasi, Mrs
alt. 4-5000 ft, Sinner and Trenasserim, Wallich, Grifüth, &c.; CANARA or
Distris. Java. . early

A tree. Leaves 4-6 by 13-2 in., glabrous, base tapering ; petiole 4-1 in. Racemi ‘brows
as long as the leaves ; pedicels slender. Flowers about 4 in. diam. Sepals gia ingly
lanceolate. Petals ciliate at the edges, shorter than the sepals. Anthers spar
or not at all bearded. Ovary 3-celled, downy. Drupe the size of a pigeon egg

9. E. Helferi, Kurz ms, ; leaves oblong-lanceolate crenate-serrate, flower
buds ovoid obtuse, anthers bearded.

Tenasserm, Helfer ; AxpAMANs, Kurz. ;

A tree. Leaves 8-10 by 3 in., glabrous, base rounded; petiole 1-14 m. pun
half the length of the leaves. Flowers jin. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, lobos,
Petals wedge-shaped, laciniate halfway down, ciliate at the edges. Ovary ors in
downy, 3-celled.— Apparently very nearly allied to E. robustus from which it di
the shorter petioles, smaller flowers and more broadly ovoid buds.

10. E. sikkimensis, Mast, ; leaves elliptic acuminate crenate seme
serratures mucronulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers bearded,
ellipsoid.

Eastern HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 5000 ft., Hk. f.; Assam, Griffith. Racemes

A tree. Leaves 8 by 3 in., glabrous; petiole 2 in. thickened at the apex. in. diam.
erect, half the length of the leaves; pedicels thinly pilose. Flowers about hg villous.
Sepals lanceolate, pilose. Petals cuneate, slightly silky at the back.

Hlaocarpus,) XXVIII, T1LIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 403

Ovary 3-celled. Drupe 2 by 1 in., tubercled.—Differs from Æ. robustus in the narrow
een flower-buds. It is open to doubt whether the fruit placed with it in the Kew
erb. belongs to this species.

** Anthers usually beardless.

ll, E. leptostachya, Wall, Cat. 2672; leaves glabrous lanceolate
serrulate, peduncles erect, pedicels pilose, flower-buds rounded, anthers
beardless, ©, Müll. Anot. de fam. Elæocarp. 23. . .

TENASSERIM, Helfer; Penane, Wallich. . . .

A tree. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., serrulate, base rounded; petiole 2—2] in., thickened
atthe apex. Peduncles half the length of the leaves. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals
pubescent, Petals cuneate, ciliate, tip laciniate. Ovary villous, 3-celled.—Very like

* robustus, but the anthers are not bearded.

12. E. lucidus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 600 ; leaves glabrous
lanceolate serrate, racemes as long as the leaves, flower-buds ovoid-conical,
n beardless,

HITTAGONG; Roxburgh, Griffth. : :

À tree, Leaves 5 by 2 fa ete, serratures spiny, base rounded; petiole 1 in.
Raceme erect, many-flowered, scarcely so long as the leaves. Flowers $ in. diam.

ls lanceolate. Petals laciniate halfway down. Anthers puberulous. Disk villous.
ruit not scen.—Differs from Æ. robustus in the beardless anthers as well as in the
pointed buds and smaller flowers.

l E. oblongus Gertn.; W. & A. Prodr. 82; leaves glabrous
eliptic acute or acuminate serrate, stamens 30-40, anther-valves beazdless
or | earded, drupe oblong, stone 1-celled 1-seeded. Smith in Rees Cyd
DC. Prodr. i. 519 ; Wight Ic.t. 46: Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 27; Mi, Tt

» Bat. i. pt. 2, 908. E. glandulosus, Wall. Cat. 6859; E. adenophyllus,
Wall. Cat, 6860. E. Perim-Kara, DU. Prodr. i. 509; Wall, Cat. 2664 B, il
part, E, serratus, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2666. 1E. angustifolius, Wight IU.

Miu ad at Moulmein, Lobb; Wesrern PENINSULA, from the Concan to Tra-
Cor.—Distrip. Moluccas Borneo. . .

th tee. Leaves 3-4 by 13-2 in., base wedge-shaped ; petiole 3-1 in., glandular at

; “Pex. Racemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-buds ovoid-conical.

oate. Drupe 1 in.— Wight and Arnott make two vars. of - species one

le % with acute leaves and stout pedicels, the other var. £, with marke acomim te

ves and slender edicels; the former has also larger flowers and more lanceolate sepals,

is latter hag smaller flowers and ovate acute sepals; but the two forms sem to merge
this mto the other. ‘The saccate glands seen on the under surface of the leaves 1

and other species are possibly the result of insect agency.

pubes polystachyus, Wall. Cat. 2671 ; leaves elliptic-oblong serrulate

3 i the
Cent beneath, flower-buds subglobose, petals almost entire at
Pex, stamens 40-50, anthers beardless, drupe 1-celled—C. Müll. Anot. de

i i Leaves 4-8 by
j Shoots, etioles, peduncles, pedicels and sepals pubescent. Le
ceedin ano rounded ; petiole 24 in^ thickened at the apex. Peduncles scarcely

l5. gm ed with ferruginous
` glabrescens, J/ast. ; leaves at first cover
beard] tet Wards glabrescent lanceolate-acuminate, stamens 15-20, anthers

drupe globose 1-celled. DD2

404 XXVIII. TILIACEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elæocarpus.

Maracca, Maingay. . I

A tree; herbaceous portions downy. Leaves 3 by 14 in., acute at both ends, gla-
brescent, or with a few hairs beneath; petiole 14 in., with two glands at the apex.
Peduncle as long or longer than the petiole, pedicels & in., hairy. Flowers § in. diam.
Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals oblong. Anthers puberulous. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe
the size of a cherry ; stone 1-celled, 1-seeded.

16. E. stipularis, Blume Bijdr. 121; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate
serrulate pubescent beneath, stipules ovate incised, drupe globose 1-celled.

From Birma, Wallich, to Mavacca, Maingay.—Disrris. Java, Borneo.

A tree, herbaceous portions pubescent. Leaves 6 by 2 in.; petiole 1 in. Racemes
nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent. Flowers lin. diam. Buds ovoid. Sepals
lanceolate, silky-pubescent. isk 5-lobed. Anthers bearded or beardless, 15-20.
Ovary downy, 5 celled.

17. E. amoenus, Thwaites Enum. 39 ; leaves glabrous lanceolate acm
nate serrate, serratures aristulate, anthers beardless, drupe globose 1-celle
Beddome Flor. Sylvat, t. 111.

Southern provinces of the WrsrEnN PExiwsULA, Beddome ; CEYLON, Central pro-
vince, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites. I . puds

A tree. Leaves 2-4 by 3-2 in, glandular beneath; petiole 4-3 1n. Leaf te
pilose. Racemes from the axils of the fallen leaves. Flower-buds ovate-lancen f .
Sepals lanceolate. Ovary 5-celled. Drupe the size of a large cherry; stone 1-celled.

18. E. obovatus, Arn. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836) ; pode
glabrous obovate, racemes longer than the leaves, anthers beardless, drupo
globose l-celled. Thwaites Enum. 39, E. coriaceus, Hook, Jc. Pl. t. 154;
Wight Ill. i. 83 (1840).

Cryton, Newera Ellia, alt. 6-8000 ft. : lan-

A shrub. Leaves 21-3 by 13-2 in., coriaceous, obtuse, serrulate, sometimes oe
dular, base cuneate ; petiole 4 in. Flowers 3 in. diam., drooping. Sepals lanceo ^:
tomentose. Stamens 15-25. Ovary minutely villous, 3-celled. Drupe spherical;
stone rugulose, tubercled.

19. E. montanus, Thwaites Enum. 32 ; leaves ovate-oblong or orbicular
obtuse denticulate glandular beneath, anthers beardless, drupes spherical.

Cryton ; loftier parts of the island, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thwaites. t be

A middle-sized tree. Leaves 2-34 by 13-2 in., coriaceous, younger ones |n p
neath; petiole 3-1 in. Racemes nearly as long as the leaves, pubescent. Flowers
diam. Sepals oblong. Petals silky, longer than the sepals.

20. E. subvillosus, Arn. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 (1836); loar
oval obtuse abruptly and shortly acuminate crenate-serrate glaber ties
bracts pectinate, anthers pubescent. drupe oblong 1-celled.— 4^
Enum. 33. E. pubescens, Hook, Ic, Pl. 155, (1837).

CrvLox; Saffragam district, Thwaites ; Matacca, Maingay —DISTRIB. Borne pet

Arborescent; herbaceous portions densely pubescent, at length glabrescent. ils of the
4 by 24 in. ; petiole 1} in. Stipules subulate. Racemes downy, from the ax! + the
fallen leaves. Flower-buds ovate, acute. Petals oblong, clawed, fimbriate ab.. g.
apex. Stamens 15-25. Anthers densely pubescent. Ovary villous.
shaped ; stone tubercled, sharply pointed.

Secr. III. Monocera, Jack (Gen.). Flowers bisexual. Anthers ta
nated by a long awn. Ovary 2-3- rarely 5-celled. Drupe 1-celled, ide

* Petals narrowed toward the base, dilated toward the apez.

t Anther-tails erect.

ve
31. E. tuberculatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 594; leaves glabrous aba,
hairy along the nerves beneath obovate minutely serrate base

`

Heoarpus] XXVIII, TILIACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 405

stamens 70-80, anther-tails erect. Wall. Cat. 2658 B,C; Beddome Fl.
Sylvat.t, 113. E. serrulatus, Kowb, Hort. Beng. 42. E, rugosus, Wall.
Cat, 2658, A, B, not of Roxb. Monocera tuberculata, W. & A. Prodr. i. 83;
Wight’ Ic. 62; Wight, Ill. t. 35; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, FL 27. M. subin-
tegerrima, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack.

Peau and Manranax, Wallich ; Southern provinces of the WESTERN PENINSULA,
Wight, &—Disrrm. Java. .

A tree. Leaves 6-12 by 3-4 in., glabrous or more or less downy beneath ; petiole
1{-2in., pilose or glabrescent, thickened at the apex. Racemes erect, more than twice
the length of the petiole. Pedicels recurved, ultimately erect. F'lower-buds lanceolate.

ower lin. diam. Sepals lanceolate, rusty-pubescent. Petals oblong-cuneate, deeply

niate, sometimes bifid, silky on the outside. Stamens very numerous (70), filaments

Ty or glabrous. Ovary 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Drupe 14-2 in., oval, smooth ;
stone 1-2-celled, coarsely tubercled furrowed.— To this species may possibly be re-
ferred E. grandifolius, Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. p. 294, of which leaves
only exist in the Kew Herbarium. The leaves are larger than ordinary. The nuts

` tuberculatus are worn by the Hindoos as a religious ornament.

2. E. aristatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52; Fl. Ind. ii. 599; leaves
pa rous cuneate-obovate, stamens 40-50, anther-tails erect, Monocera
xburghii, Wight Ic. i 63, Eleocarpus rugosus, Wall, Cat. 2659 A,
Partly, not of Roxb.

Buoray, Booth; Stuner, Wallich; Assam, Jenkins; Coxcan, Stocks.

À tree. Leaves 6-10 by 3 in. serrate, base tapering; petiole 1 in. Racemes
nearly ag long as the leaves. Flower-buds lanceolate, ribbed. Sepals lanceolate,
pubescent, Petals wedge-shaped, deeply fringed. Filaments glabrous. Ovary villous,
^«elled, cells 10-12-ovuled. “ Drupe the size shape and colour of a large olive;

ne oblong, pointed at both ends, rugose.”~-Roxb.

23. E. rugosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 596; leaves gla-
. e Jg. , . a ,
brescent shortly petioled or subsessile obovate-oblong serrate, peduncles
Piha Stamens 30, anther-tails erect, drupe yellow obovoid 1-2-celled,
he 2-edged tuberc]ed, Wight Ie. t. 61.

gat™Acoxe, Roxburgh; Western PENINSULA, Coorg, Nilghiri Mts, Wight,

ner,
"P Leaves i ading. Flowers
in. d. 6-12 by 4 in. Racemes shorter than the leaves, spreading

silky, deen] Flower-buds elongate, conical. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Petals cuneate,

foe ly laciniate, Ovary villous 2-celled, cells 8-ovuled. Stone oblong, pointe
ends.—The flowers are generally smaller than those of E. aristatus.

mi Monocera, Cav, Ic. t. 501; leaves glabrous cuneate-obovate
E ee Serratures apiculate, stamens 40-50, anther-tails erect very long.
Mon tasus, Blume Bijdr. 123. 1E. venustus, Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 174.
Ocera macrocera, Zoll, ex Walp. Ann. i. 112.
Want M, Grifith ; ? Birma, Kurz; Maracca, Griffith ; ? Southern provinces of the
Á tw Pexivsona, Beddome,—Disrrie. Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. landolar
beneath - Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., obtuse, acute or acuminate, h = E an lular
ovoid, acne ole 1-14 in. Racemes shorter than the leaves, vagi nre 1 EE
Pilescent ^: Sepals lanceolate. Petals cuneate, lobed, pilose. Pur ° o od. Peary
E venust, ?-celled Drupe 1} in., ovoid; stone tubercled, 1-celled.—
Mart Fl. Sylvat, t, 174, so closely resembles Æ. Monocera, that it may per laps
aye Sidered as a variety of that species. It differs, however, especially in the ovate
“ng shorter petioles, glabrous sepals, and very short anther-tails.

35. g. lab above
Punctatus, Wall. 2676; leaves small glabrous abo
densely felted beneath oval eren adis anther-tails long erect, drupe ovoid.

^

406 XXVIII, TILIACEZ, (Maxwell T. Masters.) |Eleocarpus.

SixcaPonE, Wallich. . .
A tree. Leaves 2 by 1 in., with brownish pubescence beneath i petiole š in. Flouer
in. diam. als lanceolate. Petals oblong, silky. Drupe 14 in., scaly. .
: 1 kaya men iy imperfect specimens of this, and have some doubt whether the foliage
in Herb. Wallich. does not belong to some other genus (? Pterospermum).

26. E. acuminatus, Wall. Cat. 2675; leaves glabrous lanceolate
acuminate serrulate, racemes erect half the length of the leaves, flower
fusiform lanceolate, stamens numerous, anther-tails short.

Eastern BENGAL; Assam, SiLnET, and the Kuasa, Wallich, &c. :ckened at

A tree. Leaves 6 by 13 in.; petiole 3—1 in., lower ones much longer, e silky
the apex. Flowers | in. diam. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, slightly villous. > A lled.
outside, laciniate at the apex. Disk broad, lobed. Ovary subglabrous, 2-5-ce!ec ,
ovules nunierous.

27. E. ferrugineus, Wight Ic. 205 (Monocera), not of Jack, lt
oblong-oval entire downy beneath, stamens 20, anthers shortly a ,
ovary 3-celled. — Beddome Flor. Sylv. t. 112.

Western PExissULA, Nilghiri, Pulney, &c. Mts., Munro, &c. T

A tree. Young branches stont, covered with rustydown. Leaves 3-6 by Times
coriaceous, convex above; petiole 1-2 in., villous, thickened at the apex, ore Š in.
downy, shorter than the leaves, crowded at the ends of the branches. ow Drupe
diam. Sepals lanceolate, downy. Petals silky, oblong, laciniate at the apex. Il the
ł in., ovoid; stone l.celled, 1-seeded.— The leaves are remarkably convey bs ii. 86),
specimens. This differs from Jack's Monocera ferruginea (Hook. Bot. Misc. n.
in the short petiole, and other characters.

28. E. cyanocarpa, Maingay mss.; leaves glabrous lanceolate tic
rulate shortly petioled, racemes nearly as long as the leaves, buds
lanceolate, ovary 5-celled, drupe 3-celled.

Maracca, Maingay. : :

A tree. Leaves 55 by 1-3 in.; petiole in. Flowers nearly 3 in. diam. aed
lanceolate. Petals obovate, longer than the sepals, divided halfway down a us ; style
lanceolate very acute straight segments. Anthers puberulous. Ovary lue: stone
much exceeding the stamens. Drupe the size of a large cherry, bright ;
rugose, woody, 3-celled.

S

29. E. bracteatus, Kurz in Flora 1871, p. 278; glabrous, leaves
obovate-oblong, bracts leafy dentate, stamens numerous, ovary
stone rugose.

ManranaN, Kurz. - peti 1

A large tree. Leaves 5-6 in., pointed at both ends, repando-dentate ; petiole #
in. Racemes axillary. Pedicels lin. glabrous; bracts 4-1 in., obovate, APP blong,
persistent. Sepals 4 in., linear-lanceolate, silky outside, ciliate. Petals cunea
bifid, lobes laciniate. Drupe the size of a plum.

T. . 8
30. E. ceylanicus, Arn. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 323 jeer
glabrous long petioled broadly ovate acuminate, stamens numerous,
tails erect. Monocera Walkerii, Wight IUl. i. 84; Thwaites Enum. 93.
Cryton ; Saffragam District, alt. 5000 ft., Walker, &c. . as
A tree. Leaves i-6 by 2 iu. crenulate; petiole 1-14 in, Racemes as ie
the leaves ; pedicels slender, 14 in. Flower-buds lanceolate. Flowers secund, ubescent>
Sepals lanceolate. Petals densely hairy, sparingly fimbriate. F ilaments p
Ovary 2-celled ; stone tubercled, subcylindric.

: vate-
31. E. glandulifer, Mast.; leaves glabrous long-petioled i
lanceolate undulate crenate, stamens numerous, anthers hairy,

Elaoearpus.| xxviii. TILIACE#. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 407

Scelled. Monocera glandulifera, Hook. ex Wight Illi. p. 84. Thwaites
Enum. 33. ,

Certon; Central Provinces, 4-6000 ft., Gardner, &c. .

A tree. Leaves 4-5 bv 2 in. glandular beneath ; petiole 13 in. Racemes shorter
than the leaves, many-flowered. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers in diam., drooping.
Petals oblong, pubescent. Ovary silky, 3-celled. Drupe olive-shaped; stone 2-celled.
—Nearly allied to Æ. prunifolius and E. Munroii. The so-called saccate glands on

e under surface of the leaf are possibly the result of insect agency.

tt Anther-tails at length reflexed.

32. B. Munroii, Mast, ; leaves glabrous long-petioled ovate-lanceolate
Muminate, stamens 20, anther-tails at length reflexed, drupe olive-like.
Monocera Munroii, Wight IU. p. 84; Ie. t. 952.

Westerx PENINSULA; Nilghiri Mts., Wight ; Concan, Stocks. à .

A tree. Branches with prominent scars. Leaves 3 by 2 in., crenulate; petiole 2 in.

"cemés many-flowered, scarcely as long as the leaves. Flower-buds ovoid. Flowers
din, and upwards diam., drooping. Sepals lanceolate, acute. Anthers glabrous. Ovary
écelled, on a raised torus. Drupe yellowish, shining, edible ; stone 1-celled.

3. E. apiculatus, Mast. ; leaves glabrous obovate acuminate minutely
Serrulate base cuneate, racemes half the length of the leaves, anther-tails
reflexed, disk very small glabrescent, drupe oblong apiculate 2-celled.

ALACCA, Maingay. . .

A tree, 50-60 ft” Stem very thick, Leaves 6 by 24 in. and upwards; petiole 4 in.,
thickened at both ends. Peduncles puberulous, many-flowered ; pedicels about š in.,
articulate at the base, dilated at the apex. Flower Š in. diam. Buds oblong, obtuse.

als" linear-oblong, puberulous. Petals white, cuneate, 2-lobed, lobes fringed silky.
mens numerous, Drupe 1 in., resembling the fruit of a Diospyros.

** Petals wide at the base, narrowed towards the apex.

34. E. prunifolius, Wall. Cat. 2669; leaves glabrous lanceolate long-
Petioled, petals nearly entire, stamens 20, anther-tails obsolete or short.

LM not. de fam. Elcocarp. 15. VR

uen Wallich; Kuasta Mais., alt. 1-3000 ft., Grifith, &c.

A tree, Leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in., often red petiole 2 in. Racemes Deny
as long as the leaves, loose; pedicels glabrous. Flower buds ovoid. Sepals aoa.
2 deltoid, nearly entire, silky on both sides. Anthers glabrous. Ovary villous,
~s-celled, cells 6-ovuled. Drupe 3-3 in., ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded. :

85. B. paniculatus, Wall. Cat. 2663; leaves glabrous elliptic
wi inate entite, petals nearly entire silky, stamens 50, anthers and ovary
As C. Müll. Anot. de Jam. Eleocarp. 12. Monoceras lenco otryum,

q. Fl. Ind, Bat, Suppl. i. 409 ; Monocera Griffithii, C. Müll. Le.

koa, Maingay; Sixcaroxg, Wallich.—Disrnms. Banka. Jana oa:
th tree, eaves 6 by 2 in. and upwards, coriaceous, base rounded ; petiole ps,
Pi ened at the apex. Hacemes subterminal, erect, nearly as long = ° silky
Outs; er-Luds ovoid, acuminate. Flowers ) in. diam. Sepals lanceolate, hoary, silky
ide, Arther-tails reflexed. Drupe 4 in., ovoid; stone tubercled.

aie. Ë. Varunua, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2666 G, H ; leaves glabrous
IPC acuminate serrulate, flower-buds ovate-lanceolate, anthers pube
Cus, Ovary villous, 4 E. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 6851. DM
"ajusa HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 1-2000 ft. Assam; SILHET,
NG, and MaL N
A A04 i in. Racemes axillary,
` ves 3-7 by 13-3 in., base rounded ; petiole 13-3 in. ,
half the length of the Rain kasa aida: Flower à in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,

408 XXVIII, TILIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Elæocarpus.

white, silky. Petals oblong fimbriate, downy outside.— The Æ. Finlaysonianus doubt-

fully referred to here is a native of Siam. :

37. E. pedunculatus, Wall. Cat. 2678 ; glabrous, leaves long-petioled
oblong obtuse serrulate with apiculate serratures, racemes much shorter
than the leaves, buds ovate-lanceolate, stamens few, anthers glabrous
tails very short, ovary 2-celled glabrous.

Maracca, Maingay: SixcAPonE, Wallich. a

A tree. Leaves 3-4 by 11-14 in., tapering at the base ; petiole 2-1 in. thickened at the
apex. Racemes, 2-3 in. long, many-flowered, from the axils of the fallen leaves. Pedicels
downy. 'lower-buds ovate-lanceolate. Flowers nodding. Sepals ovate-lanceolate,
covered with white down. Petals oblong-lanceolate, silky on both sides, fringed at the
apex. Anthers glabrous, Glands 10. Drupe $ in., linear-oblong, glabrous, 1-celled.

38. E. Griffithii, J/as.; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate glabrous,
pedicels as long as the petioles, anthers hairy, ovary subglabrous. Monocera

riffithii, Wight Ill. i. p. 84, not of Müll. M. holopetala, Zoll. ex Walp.
Ann. i. 113. M. trichanthera, Grif. Not. 518, t. 616, f. 3.

Tenasserm, Helfer, Griffith ; Mauacca, Grifith, &c.; Stncarore, Maingay. —
Distr. Java. :

A small tree. Leaves 6 by 24 in., minutely serrulate, paler beneath; petiole
24 in., thickened at the apex. Racemes longer than the leaves, erect. Flower-buds
ovatelanceolate. Flower 4 in. diam. Sepals silky. Petals lanceolate, entire OF

slightly laciniate. Auther-tails reflexed. Drupe olive-shaped, purple, 1-celled ; stone
tubercled.

39. E. integra, Wall. Cat. 2668, and 2673; leaves long-petioled glabro
ovate-lanceolate, racemes shorter than the leaves, anthers glabrescent taii
reflexed, ovary 9-celled. O. Müll. Anot. de fam. Eleocarp. 14. Monocera
M tiolata, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook, Bot. Misc. ii. 86, Monoceras petiolatum,

ig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,212, Elaeocarpus robustus, Wall. Cat. 2664

Maracca, Grifith, Maingay; PENANG; Wallich; Texassernm, Helfer; Smam,
Wallich.—Dısrrie. Sumatra, Borneo. : i

A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 2-3 in, entire or minutely serrulate ; petiole 2-4 in.
Racemes erect, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. F'lower-buds glabrous exter-
nally, ovoid, abruptly acuminate. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals glabrous, lanceolate. Pet
oblong-lanceolate, silky on both sides. Stamens 20-30. Drupe 3 in., smooth, olive

coloured; stone tubercled, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded.—Varies in the proportion of leaf and
petiole,

Secr. IV. Acronodia. Flowers polygamous.

40. E. Acronodia, Mast. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate, anthers beardles
ovary 2-celled. Acronodia punctata, Blume Bijdr. 123 ; Mig. F' l. Ind. Pat.
1. pt. 2, 213.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.—Diergtm. Java, Borneo.

A tree. Leaves 24-3 by F in, acute at both ends, apiculate ; petiole š in. acme
shorter than the leaves. “Flowers Zin. diam. Sepals 4-5, oblong, pointed, minate T
villous. Petals 4-5, spathulate, laciniate at the apex. Stamens 15; anthers bea id,
less, muticous. Pistil 0. 9 Stamens as in the male, but smaller. Ovary ellipso
tubercled; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe next the placenta.
Drupe 4 in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, smooth, by abortion 1-celled.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

, E. CHACKROULA, Ham. in Wall, Cat. 2674. Gualpara. Of this there is no specimen
in Wallich's Herbarium.

Elaocarpus.| || XXVIII. T1LIACEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 409

E. Jacxranus, Wall. Cat. 2679, not found in Wallich’s Herbarium. It is said to be a
native of Sincapore, Jack.

E. voxerrorivs, Wall. Cat. 6682, from Ava, is indeterminable. It has very long,
strap-shaped leaves, pilose along the nerves.

E. MONOCEROIDES, Wight. Ill. i. p. 84. “ Leaves glabrous elliptic. Racemes lax, few-
mn. Stamens indefinite, glabrous. Anthers pointed, beardless, shorter than the

e.

Moyocera FERRUGINEA, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 86. “Leaves
? long-ovate, acuminate, entire, under surface as also the peduncles and branchlets fer-
Tuginous villous, racemes axillary shorter than the leaves.— Leaves 6--7 in., entire, with
volute margins; petiole 2-24 in. downy. Drupe olive-shaped; nut rather smooth,
l-seeded by abortion. Seed oblong, pointed, albumen conform, embryo inverse, coty-

ons flat, radicle superior and much shorter than the cotyledons.”—Jack states that

did not see the flowers.

Note on Roypsia.

At p. 180, it is stated that Roydsia parviflora, Griff., is a Tiliaceous plant ; this is
werror. R. parviflora forms with R. floribunda, Planch. Mss. (Cuming, Philippine
Island collection, n. 541), a subgenus of Roydsia, or a new genus closely allied to it,
of which the fruit is unknown. ‘These plants differ from Roydsia suaveolens and R.
obtusifolia in the linear-oblong buds, strap-shaped perianth-segments, which are imbri-
sue In two series, in the anthers being entire at the base, in the long stipes of the
ovary, subulate style with 3 minute terminal stigmas, and in the few ovules in each
"» I would suggest the name of Alytostylis for this genus or subgenus, in allusion to
the undivided style. The Philippine Island R. floribunda, Planch. Mss., has flowers
nearly an inch in diameter, very many stamens, a very slender gynophore, which elon-
PN after flowering, and oblong leaves, 7-9 inches long.
aN ere can be no doubt but that Roydsia should, as Griffith observes, form the type of
Al atural Order intermediate between Bizinec and Capparidee. Both Roydsia and

Mostylis differ remarkably in habit from Tiliacec.

3. Roydsia (Alytostylis) parviflora, Grif. Notul. iv. 578; Ic.
Plon. Asiat. t. 607, f. 1; Daves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate,
Mnth-segments ligulate obtuse.
rye in woods near the Serpentine Mines at Hookum, Griffith.
climbing shrub. Leaves 4-7 by 13-2 in., glabrous, rather membranous, pale yellow-
cen ™ nerves almost horizontal; petiole 4-4 in., slender. Racemes ishort, very pubes-
the paxillary, and forming small terminal panicles, rachis slender; pedicels shorter t an
buds ds; bracts subulate, caducous. Flowers } in. diam., inodorous, densely tomentose ;
stra: oblong. p, erianth divided nearly to the base into 6, biseriate, imbricate, obtuse,
thar geaPed, densely pubescent segments, that are finally recurved, not much sho: ter
tesi stamens. Gynophore short in flower, slender. Stamens about 20, not muc
Pube lug the perianth-segments; anthers not 2-fid at the base. Ovary ovoid, densely
hint, P Contracted into a stipes as long as itself, 3-celled; style subulate, stigmas 3,
5 ovules about 4 in each cell.
„vering specimens of R. obtusifolia, H. f. & T. (see p. 180), have been recently
Ned from Kurz, collected in LAM The flower-buds are very small, globose,
: redit Sep als 6, short, obtuse, apparently valvate, pubescent. Stamens about A 8,
ited ng the peranth. Ovary glabrous, on a tomentose gynophore ; styles 3, subulate,
at the base.— 7. D. Hooker.

Order XXIX. LINEZE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Herbs or . é
"shrubs, Leaves usually alternate, simple, entire, rarely crenate-
mre Stipules lateral or intrapetiolar or 0. Tuflorescence various. Flowers
» bisexual, Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or connate below, imbricate.

410 xxix. LINEA. (J. D. Hooker.)

Petals as many, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, usually fugacious, often
contorted. Stamens 4-5 with as many interposed staminodes, or 81m
rarely more, filaments united at the base into a hypogynous or slightly
perigynous ring, filiform ; anthers versatile, 2-celled. Glands 5, entire or
2-lobed, usually adnate to the staminal ring, or obsolete. Ovary ent
3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, free or more or less connate, stigmas termina’,
ovules 1 or 2, inserted in the inner angle of the cells, anatropous, pendulous.
Fruit usually splitting into 3-5 cocci, rarely a drupe. Seeds 1-2 m eac
cell, testa sometimes winged, albumen fleshy or 0; embryo, nearly as long
as the seed, straight, rarely incurved, cotyledons broad, radicle superior.—
Distrre. All regions ; genera 14, species about 135.

Tree I. Bulinees. Petals contorted, fugacious. Perfect stamens 88
many as the petals. Capsule septicidal.—Herbs rarely shrubs.

Calyx glabrous or pubescent. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled. . . 1. Linum. i
Calyx glabrous. Styles 3-4. Capsule 3-4-celled . . . . + 2. REINWARDTIA.
Calyx setose. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded . . . . + 3. ANISADENIA.

Tribe IL Htugonieee. Petals contorted, fugacious. Perfect sas
2-3 times as many as the petals. Fruit a drupe.— Usually scandent shr
with hooked woody tendrils formed of arrested branchlets.

Sepals subacute, tomentose, ebracteolate . . . . . + + <+ - 4 Hueonia.
Sepals obtuse, bracteolate . . . . 2... os s 6 5. ROUCHERIA

TRIBE III. Erythroxylese. Petals imbricate, rarely contorted, vi
scale on the inner face, at length deciduous. Perfect stamens twice as n
as the petals. Fruit a drupe.—Shrubs or trees.
Pedicels axillary. Petals with a double scale . . . . . + + 6. ERYTHROXYLON

. TRIBE IV. Ixonanthew. Petals contorted, persistent. Stamens 2-34
times as many as the petals. Capsule septicidal.

Stamens perigynous . 7. IXONANTHES.

1. LINUM, Linn.

Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Leaves narrow, quite entire ; stipules
or replaced by glands. Sepals5, quite entire. Petals 5, contorted, fugae the
Stamens 5, often alternating with minute staminodes. Glands opposi uled;
petals, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-locellate, d s ;
styles usually free, stigmas various ; ovules 10, 1 in each locellus. d pni
5-celled, septicidally splitting into 5 simple 2-seeded or 10 1-seede ut 80
Seeds compressed, albumen sparing; embryo straight.—Species à °
most of them Mediterranean.

1. L. usitatissimum, ;/»».; annual, stem cylindric erect tigmas
below, leaves narrow sub-3-nerved, petals blue, styles quite free, * ined,
linear-clavate, capsule scarcely exceeding the narrowly white-mer jo;
acuminate sepals. Wall. Cat. 1504; Don Prodr. 217 ; Roxb. FI. In "di 1:
Gibs. d Dalz. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 16; DU. Prodr. 217; W. & A. Prot:

L. trinervium, Roth. Nov. Sp. 187. DisrRI»

Cultivated chiefly for oil throughout Innia, up to 6000 ft., in the Himalaya —
Westwards to the Atlantic. í or lance

Stems 2-4 ft., often solitary, corymbosely branched above. Leaves linear als ovat
late,‘without stipular glands. Flowers i in. diam., in broad cymes. l "n has the
acuminate, 3-nerved, eglandular, margins ciliate or not.—The Indian p'an

esimple

Linum.) XXIX. LINEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) 411

ciliated axile margins of the carpels of L. humile, Mill., and the crenate petals (Roxb.)

and smooth leaf-margins of Z. usitatissimum, and is thus intermediate between these

supposed species. Roth’s specimens of trinervium (from Herb. Rottler) are from a garden ;
ey are very imperfect, but clearly L. usitatissimum.

2. L. perenne, Linn. ; perennial, stems many from the roots, leaves all
lanceolate or lower oblong obtuse and upper linear acute, petals blue entire,
styles quite free, stigmas subcapitate, capsule much longer than the white-
Margined sepals, >

Westers Tinsr, alt. 9-13,000 ft, Hb. Royle, Munro, &c.; Lanu, Jaeschke.—

ISTRIB. Westwards to the Canaries.

Stem 1-3 ft. high. Leaves 4-1 in., without stipular glands. Cymes few-flowered,
racemose. Flowers | in. broad. Sepals ovate or obovate, 3—5-nerved. Capsule as
arge as a pea, on a slender pedicel. „Sepals with glandular margins. .

, AR. Stocksianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 865; more glaucous, cymes very few-
aa L. Stocksianum, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, i. 98.—Scarcely different from the

l 3. L. strictum, Linn. ; annual, leaves linear linear-oblong or lanceo-
ate l-nerved margins and keel scabrid, petals yellow, styles quite free

stigmas capitate, capsule globose shorter than the long acuminate sepals.
ous, Fl. Orient. i, 852.

NS corymbulosum, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 476 Ln corymbs lax-

: neted, pedicels longer than the calyx. L. corymbulosum, Keichb. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient.

The Punsas HILLS, &c., extending to Peshawur and Marri, Jacquemont, &c.
and Italy Time, alt. 10,000 ft., Falconer, &c.— DisrRIs. From Soongaria to N. Africa
A slender annual, perhaps at times biennial, usually corymbosely branched above,
Fi rous or sparingly pubescent. Leaves 4-4 in., acuminate, without stipular glands.
; 78 1-2 in. diam., shortly pedicelled, in corymbose cymes. Sepals with very long
Bren points, about equalling the pedicels, margins glandular. Capsule } in.

qam, globose—Cultivated in Affghanistan for oil and fodder, and not for flax (Griffith,
` Notes, 313).

E L. mysor ense, Heyne in Wall. Cat, 1507; annual, stem corymbosely
nehed above, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at the base
bonnes 9r acute 3-nerved, petals yellow small but exceeding the calyx, styles
male elow stigma capitate, capsule about equalling the ovate acute
under. W. € A. Prodr. i.134; Thwaites Enum. 25 ; Benth. in Bot. Reg.
Lt fab. 1326 ; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 16. L. humile, Heyne mss.

Tinervium, Herb, Hohenhack, not of Roth.
the sed hills of the Wesrern PENINSULA, from the Concan, Kandalla and the Decean
"a Eniris, AV EeTERN HIMALAYA, Garwhal, alt., 3-5000 ft., Jacguemont, Royle,

, alt. 4-6000 ft., Thwaites.

in All slender glabrous herb, usually much corymbosely branched above. Leaves
t "p Variable in breadth and somewhat in form, without stipular glands. Flowers
mit. n., m panicled corymbs, the branches of which elongate as unilateral cymes m
auos with white 'eglandular margins and short points. Filaments connate

' lated above, Capsule } in. diam., globose.

2. REINWARDTIA, Dumort.

Undersh rrate ; stipul
i Tubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire or crenate-serrate ; stipules
ute, Subulate, caducous. pnt yellow, in axillary and terminal

À fale fascicles i i 1 late,acuminate
rarely solitary. Sepals 5, quite entire, lanceolate, .
ret contorted, fugacious,. muc longer than the sepals. Stamens 5, hy-

412 xxix. LINER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Reinwardtia.

; i i late
ogynous, connate below, alternating with as many interposed subu
Ptaminodos. Glands 9-3, adnate to the staminal ring. Ovary 3-6-celled,
cells 2-locellate ; styles 3-4, filiform, free or connate below, stigmas p
capitate; ovules 1 in each locellus. Capsule globose, splitting into
cocci. Seeds reniform.—Dustrip. | The following are the only species.

1. R. trigyna, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 522; leaves
elliptic-obovate with the tip rounded or elliptic and subacute quite, entire hs
minutely crenate-serrate, styles 3 free or connate at the base. 1. y in
Dumort. Comm. Bot. 19. R. repens, Planch. l.c. 523. Linum trigynum, 1 505:
Fl. Ind. ii. 110; Smith Exot. Bot. 31, t. 17; Bot. Mag. t. 1100; Wall. Cat, hb,
W.d A, Prodr. 134. L. repens, Don Prodr.217. Macrolinum trigynum, ^ d .
Ic. Fl. Germ. iii. 68. Kittelocharis trigyna, Alef. in Bot. Zeit. 1863, 282.

Hilly parts of India, from the PuNJAB eastwards to Sikkrw, ascending to 6000 a
Benar, Assam, and Currracone, and southwards from the Bombay GHATS
NILGHIRI HILLS. ting terete

A tufted glabrous undershrub, 2-3 ft. high, with erect and prostrate tol mg sually
rather stout soft branches. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowed into slender petio es, 2 erst
rounded and mucronate at the tip, and then quite entire, but sometimes "d m., but
suddenly acuminate, and then minutely crenate-serrate. Flowers often 1 times š in.
variable iu number, size, length of pedicel, and of sepals, which are some bable this
long. Capsule shorter than the sepals, the size of a small pea.—If, as is Pe. sho
and the following species are varieties of one, Dumortier's name of E. indica
be retained for both.

2, R. tetragyna, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bol. vi. m sri
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, styles 3-4 unite Coleb, in
R. trigyna, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 16. Linum tetragynum, Cole.
Wall. Cat. 1506 ; Benth. in Bot, Reg. under tab. 1326. L. Cicanobum,
Prodr. 217.

In the same regions as R. trigyna, but usually in damper localities.

Easily distinguished from the common type of Æ. trigyna by the much largor ni
late leaves, and-more numerous styles, but variable in the former respect, an
that the two are varieties of one—I have a note to the effect that 5 styles occur.

3. ANISADENIA, Wall.

Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or somewhat whorled at the top of i
stem, coriaceous, serrate ; stipules intrapetiolar, striate. Flowers ere
minal spike-like racemes, white or pink ; bracts minute, coriaceous, a po
grooved, caducous, pedicels at length reflexed. Sepals 5, lanceo ist es,
aceous, strongly nerved, 3 outer with spreading gland-tippe nous,
2inner glandular, Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 5, Mir nds
filaments connate below, alternating with interposed staminodes. , Called;
usually 3, adnate to the staminal tube, one very large. Ovary, oblong,
styles 3, stigmas terminal ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Caps" + to the
membranous, indehiscent? 1-seeded. Seed oblong, testa adheren ISTRIB.
thin albumen ; embryo straight, green, cotyledons plano-convex.—

The following are the only species,

i
l. A. saxatilis, Wall, Cat. 1510; stem glabrous leafy at the su
leaves 2-5-in. glabrous above sparingly pubescent or glabrous re)
A. Khasyana, Gif. Notul. iv. 534; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 593 (middle figu ñ m"
CENTRAL and Eastern TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Sikkim, alt. 6-8000 tt.
the Knasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft. the foliage;
Stem curved at the base, ascending, rather stout, often 1 ft. long below

Anisadenia | XXIX. LINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 418

always simple, lower part often creeping. Leaves approximate, spreading, elliptic-

neeolate, acuminate, glaucous beneath, margin quite entire or obscurely waved or
crisped. Raceme 2-5 in. long, quite simple. lowers 4-4 diam., pink ; pedicel very
short. Calya 4 in. long.

2. A. pubescens, Grif. Notul. iv. 535 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat, t. 593 (right hand

figure) ; stem pubescent leafy all the way up, leaves 1-13 in. with appressed

airs above siikily villous beneath.

Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.

More slender than A. saxatilis, stem elongate, prostrate, often much-branched;
branches including the racemes 6-15 in. Leaves alternate, whitish beneath, elliptic,
acute at both ends, margin quite entire, sometimes undulate, nerves very oblique ; petiole

in. Raceme very slender, simple above, the lower peduncles 2-3-flowered, short,
erect, and as well as the rachis tomentose. Calyx } in. long, gland-tipped hairs more
me than in A. saxatilis. Flowers 1 in. diam., white, much larger than in A. saxa-

4. HUGONIA, Linn.

Climbing, often tomentose shrubs. Leaves alternate, serrate, stipulate.
Inflorescence various ; flowers yellow, lower peduncles converted into spiral
hooks, Sepals 5. Petals 5, contorted, fugacious. Stamens 10, hypogynous,
With glandular swellings on the basal ring between the filaments,
Which are connate below. Ovary 5-celled; styles 5, filiform, stigmas
‘apitate ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Drupe globose. Seeds com-
oea, albuminous ; embryo straight or slightly curved, cotyledons flat.—

ISTRIB. Tropical Asia and Africa ; Species about 6.

l. H. Mystax, Linn. ; leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse
subacute quite entire reticulate on both surfaces, Wall. Cat. 1201 ;
By A. Prodr. 72; Wight IU. 79, t. 32; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Ling 1.0243 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 17. H. obovata, Ham. in Trans,

mn. Soc. xiv, 205.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. t. 19. `

ESTERN PENINSULA, from the Concan to Travancor. CEYLON. .
rambling leafy shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely clothed with brown
entum. Leaves crowded, 14-23 in., rather thin, nerves sprea ing; stipules subulate,
ll Flowers 1-14 in. diam., terminal and in the upper axils, shortly pedicelled,
Yellow. Stamens alternately long and short. Fruit globose, shorter than the sepals.

2 H. ferru 2; lliptic long acuminate
aes ginea, W. € A. Prodr. 72; leaves elliptic long
Tre entire densely silkily villous beneath, veins arched not reticulate.

PYLON, hotter and drier parts of the island.

1.5 pe ning or climbing shrub ; branches, tendrils, and sepals densely velvety. Leaves

mid i 1-2 in., rather coriaceous, finely silky above when young, glabrous when old,

o and arched nerves strong; stipules subulate. Flowers about half the size of
yst

€H. Mystax.
5. ROUCHERIA, Planch.

„Erect or climbing trees or shrubs with revolute woody tendrils. Leaves
a etre or glandular-serrate, coriaceous, penninerved ; stipules minute,
fascicle Flowers axillary, yellow, subsessile, or in excessively short
Pann spikes ; pedicels bracteolate, Sepals 5. Petals 5, hypogynous,
tube ed, fugacious, Stamens 10, all fertile, filaments connate into a short
below. Glands obsolete. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles 3-5, filiform,
cuneate, 2-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral Drupe scarcely fleshy, sub-

a 2 Stone 3-6-angled, bony, cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds pompressed, en-
el ; al umen rather fleshy, embryo with foliaceous cotyledons and an

and 2 fro cle,—LDISTRIB, 3 or 4species, one or more Malayan and Bornean,
m Guiana,

414 XXIX. LINEZX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Roucheria.

1. R. Griffithiana, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi. M3, vi.
527; leaves lanceolate or elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate obtusely caudate-
acuminate crenate-serrate, drupe 1-celled 1-seeded.

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay.—DisrRiB. Sumatra, Borneo. . ;
A climbing shrub, perfectly glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in., alternate, coriaceous, compli-
cate, shining above, nerves few, arched; petiole 4 in., slender. Flowers 4 in. diam.,

7-8 in a cluster; pedicels very short, densely bracteate. Petals narrow, very fugacious. |

Drupe the size of a small pea.— There cannot be much doubt of this constituting the
genus Sarcotheca, Blume, though he describes the calyx as ebracteate, the ovules as
superposed, and the fruit as a bacciform capsule, dehiscing by 5 apical fissures.

6. ERYTHROXYLON, Linn.

Shrubs or small trees, usually quite glabrous, Leaves alternate, quite
entire, often subdistichous ; stipules intrapetiolar, often imbricating, On
short arrested leafless branches. Flowers axillary, small, white or p!n*;
solitary or fascicled ; peduncles bracteolate, Sepals 5, rarely 6, free oF
connate. Petals 5, hypogynous, deciduous, with an erect double ligula on
the inner face, imbricate. Stamens 10, rarely 12, filaments united into à
glandular or eglandular tube. Ovary 3- rarely 4-celled ; styles 3, rarely 4,
free or connate (connate in all Indian species), stigmas capitate ; ovules 1,
rarely 2 in each cell. Drupe 1-celled, l-seeded. Seed with a thin testa,
albumen variable in quantity or 0; embryo straight, cotyledons plano-
convex, radicle short.—DisTRiB. Species about 50, four-fifths of them
American, and almost all tropical. The Indian species are not easy 9
discrimination.

* Leaves glaucous brown beneath when dry.

l E. monogynum, Roxb. Cor. Dl. i. t. 88; Flor. T nd. ii, 449;
leaves 1-2 by 3-1 in. obovate or elliptic- or cuneate-obovate tip rounde
hardly shining above pale glaucous brown beneath when dry, nerves
oblique much reticulated, peduncles }— in. E. indicum, Beddome 9
Sylvat. t. 81. Sethia indica, DC. Prodr. L. 576; Wall. Cat. 6848; W.&
Prodr, 106; Wight Ill. t. 48.

1 Billy parts of the WESTERN PENINSULA, Rottler, &c.; Ceyton, in hot dry parts of te
sland.

A shrub with pale bark. eaves the smallest of the Indian species, always mora d
less cuneate-obovate, the primary nerves hardly distinguishable from the secondary
and these last not connected with an evident intramarginal one ; petiole sometimes š I
—The Ceylon specimens have larger leaves and longer pedicels. This is very closely
allied to, if not identical with, an Eastern African species.

2. E. Kunthianum, Wall Cat 6849 (Sethia P); leaves 21-3 by
-l4 in. elliptic-lanceolate rarely elliptic-obovate acute or acumina "i
rarely obtuse or rounded at the tip opaque above pale glaucous-brewe
beneath when dry with a reddish midrib, nerves sub-horizontal very faint.
1 E. Kunthianum, Kurz in Journ, Beng. Asiat. Soc. xli. pt. ii. 294.

EASTERN BENGAL, and Khasia hills, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; ? Martaban, Kurz.

A shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaves very faintly S ieulate 'on both surfaces, the secondary
nerves not collected into an obvious intramarginal nerve; petiole very § ot. Dr
4 in. long, slender, equalling the pedicel.—1 have not seen Kurz’s specimens. ER

Van.? Parishii; leaves smaller 14 in. acute pale with more prominent nerves.
Top of Thounggyun in Moulmein, Parish.

. . . f. 3
3. E. burmanicum, Grif. Notul. iv. 468 ; Ic. Plant. Asiat. t. 581,
(flower); a tree, leaves 1-2) by 3-13 in. obovate-oblong or obovate very

—— <——- —

Erythroxylon.] XXIX. LINEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) 415

obtuse or emarginate glaucous beneath nerves horizontal faint not forming
an intramarginal nerve, pedicels i— in. solitary or geminate. E. suma-
tranum, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 572. E. retusum, Bauer ex Teysm.
€ Binnend. in Tydschr. v. Naturch. Ver. Ned. Ind. xxviii. 71 (according
lo Kurz).

Eastern PENINSULA, TrNAssERIM, and ANDAMAN [srps., Helfer; Mrnevr, Griffith ;
Matacca, Grifith, Maingay; PENANG, Phillips.—DisrRIB. Sumatra.

ery near to Æ. Kunthianum, but with more obovate and more obtuse leaves; it is

farther described as a tall tree, whilst the Khasia plant is a mere bush. The Penang
and some Malaccan specimens have much smaller leaves than the Mergui ones.—I have
seen no Sumatran specimens.

** Leaves not glaucous beneath, but more or less shining on both sur-

faces,

.4 B. lanceolatum, Wight Ill. i. 136 (Sethia); leaves 2-1 by i-in.
elliptic-lanceolate obtuse shining on both surfaces nerves oblique, pedun-
cles tin. very slender, Sethia lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 54.
8 erythroxyloides, Wight, lc.

Western PENINSULA ; Courtallum, Wight; Ceyton, banks of streams, Galagama dis-
trict, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites, &c. .

An erect branching shrub. Leaves sometimes slightly contracted towards the base,
nerves not connate into a distinct intramarginal one ; petiole 44,-] in.—Wight's yar.
obtusifolium and his jS. erythoxyloides are hardly distinguishable; the latter is a
short-styled form, with alternately longer stamens; another form with longer styles and
dim stamens occurs; as is the case with the two following species ;—all are no doubt

rphous. `

9. E. lucidum, Moon Cat. Ceyl. Pl. 36; leaves 2-3 by $-1 in.

elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate opaque or shining above

mng beneath nerves nearly horizontal, pedicels 4-1in. Sethia acu-

En frm in Act, Acad. Nat. Cur, xviii. 324; Wight Ill. i. 135; Thwaites
m. 54.

Cevrox; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, alt. 1000 ft., Walker. .
his differs from Z. lanceolatum in the long points to the comparatively
*r leaves, which have furthermore horizontal nerves; and in the short stout
Peduncles. Thwaites notices two forms of flower, one (stylosa) with the alternate
Deus longer, and a shorter style; the other (staminea) with equal stamens and a
iini style.—The expressed juice of the fresh leaves is given by the Cinghalese as an
ne to children. ‘There is 4 very similar species to this, a variety of it, in

Re E. obtusifolium, Thwaites Enum. 54; leaves 2-33 by 13-13 in.
~vate-obtuse or broadly oblong tip rounded or obtusely pointed rather
sto’ on both surfaces nerves rather oblique elevated, pedicels short
Cerros; Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites.
è T follow hwaites in retaining this as a distinct species, though I can scarcely doubt
5 veing a broad-leaved state of Z. lanceolatum, its nerves are less oblique however.
in Thor’, under the two forms of long stamens and short style and vice versa. Fruit
the Ñ 1 tes's drawing } in. long, linear-oblong, straight, red. Thwaites refers to dris
Yari lanceo 4, var. obtusifolia of Wight, which 1s, however, clearly a very trifling
Mety of S, lanceolatum.
E DOUBTFUL SPECIES. iie
` SIDEROXYLOIDES is is a Mauritian species, mentioned by Roxburgh (ii.
ud» as having been v Lamk, Coils to the Botanic Garden of Calcutta by General
imr A and as being also a native of Coromandel. As no description is given I
tsay to which of the above Roxburgh's Coromandel species it should be referred,

416 xxix. LINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Iconanthes.

7. EXONAN' THES, Jack. (Ixionanthes, Auct.)

Glabrous trees, turning black in drying. eaves alternate, entire or cre-
nate-serrate, nerves reticulate; stipules minute or 0. Flowers small in
axillary cymose dichotomous peduncled panicles. Sepals 5-6, shortly connate
at the base. Petals 5-6, perigynous, contorted, persistent, hardened roni
the fruit. Stamens 10-20, inserted on the outside of a perigynous annular
or cupular eglandular disk. Ovary free, 5-6-celled, cells sometimes
2-locellate; style simple, stigma capitate lobed ; ovules two in each cell.
Capsule coriaceous or woody, oblong or conic, septicidal, carpels opening
inward. Seeds (according to Griffith) winged or crowned with a m
form aril, albumen fleshy ; embryo lateral, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle
superior, — DISTRIB. Species 6-8, all tropical Asiatic, and chiefly Ma
ayan.

1. I. icosandra, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 154]
leaves obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed
into a very short petiole, stamens 10-20, capsule š by i in. very Dant
ovoid. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 494. I. dodecandra, Grif. Plant.
Cantor. 12. Gordonia ? peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 4409. Hypericinea dents
Wall. Cat. 4832. Pierotia lucida, Blume Mus. Bot. 1. 180. Brews e?
crenata, Roem. S . i 141. Macharisia icosandra, Planch, mss.—Gry-
Notul. iv. 498 ; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t, 589, f. 9.

Prexawo, Wallich; MaLacca, Grifith, Maingay; Sıncaroge, Lobb. — Domes.
Sumatra. into the

A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 14-2 in., very variable, always narrowed into aa
petiole, which varies from #,—} in., brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, rom
thickened, nerves very slender almost horizontal, tip obtuse rounded or mr is n
Peduncles slender, straight, often exceeding the leaves. Flowers about $ "e ie
— Without authentic specimens the identity of this with Jack's plant cannot ten
fied. Though it differs from his description in the usually small leaves, and in the pe
fewer stamens, I have followed my predecessors in referring it to his Z. icosandra. h as
describes the flowers as 5-6-merous. The pedicels appear to elongate very TD ieties,
the bud advances, and up to the ripening of the fruit. There are perhaps two varie
one with peduncles shorter than the leaves, and longer pedicels.

2. X. cuneata, Wig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 484; leaves oblong-spathh
late or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed into à Y y
short petiole, cymes peduncled, stamens about 10, capsule turgid
4 in. broadly ovoid.

Maracca, Maingay.—Distris. Sumatra. ;

I retain this species with great doubt, the foliage and flowers appear to be 1 ] have
with those of T. icosandra, but the capsule is very much broader for its length. bas
seen two Sumatran specimens thus named by Miquel himself, of which one 8 » ü
these broad capsules ; the other appears to be in this as in every other respect, 1 P know
with J. icosandra. Miquel does not describe the capsule, and I hence do not
which he meant to be J. cuneata.

dentical

3. I. khasiana, Mook. f. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminis

uite entire narrowed into a slender petiole, nerves very oblique, pedu
slender shorter than the leaves, cymes dense-flowered. Hypericinea p
culosa, Wall. Cat. 4826.

Kuasia Mrs., F.de Silva.

Similar in habit to T. icosandra, but the leaves are of a totally different shape,
more membranous, and the flowers are twice as large. Leaves 3-44 in., mem

much
1

Ironanthes. | XXIX. LINEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) 417

nerves numerous, oblique ; petiole 4-3 in. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Flowers
jin. diam. Stamens 10.

. 4. I. obovata, Hook. f. ; leaves broadly obovate rounded at the apex
sinuate-crenate narrowed into a slender petiole nerves nearly horizontal,
stamens 12 or more, capsule (unripe) š by 1 in. narrow ovoid.

Eastern PENINSULA ; SINCAPORE, Lobb.

A very distinct species, easily recognised by the broad flat obovate leaves, 2-4 by
11-23 in., with nearly horizontal nerves, the tip is rounded and often emarginate, and
tle margins have long very shallow crenatures. — Peduncles very slender, equalling or

exceeding the leaves; cymes rather crowded. Flowers about the size of those of T..
«sandra,

5. I. reticulata, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. No. 7, 51; leaves elliptic-oblong
obtuse quite entire scarcely narrowed into the slender petiole nerves arching
much reticulated on both surfaces, peduncles very stout, stamens 10, cap-
sule 1-13 by 3 in. ovoid, valves grooved at the back. Grifith Plant.
Cantor 11. Hypericinea macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 4833. Gordonia decandra,
Borb. Fl, Ind. ti, 573; Wall. Cat, 4408.

Eastern PENINSULA ; Maracca, Maingay; Sincarore, Wallich.—Disrrie. Sumatra.

Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in.; petiole 1 in., very slender. Peduneles shorter than or
@qualling the leaves. Sepals in fruit } in. long, very thick.— Wallich's specimens have
à shorter, more turgid capsule than Maingay’s, and more shining leaves, with a de-
cidedly recurved margin. ‘This accords best with Jack's description of J. reticulata,

ough, as with Z. icosandra, its identity cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. It

ters in the leaves not having very thickened margins, and not being glaucous beneath.

t approaches the 7. chinensis, but the fruit is very much larger, and may be identified

à Dornean species, of which, however, I have seen no fruit.

Order XXX. MALPIGHIACEJZE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Trees or shrubs, often climbing. eaves (in the Indian genera) opposite,
qute entire: stipules small or 0. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; pedicels
vel ulate, usually 2-bracteolate. lowers middling sized or small, white or
Yellow, more rarely red yellow or blue, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular.
fu Yx usually 5-partite ; segments imbricate or valvate, 1 or more (never all)

Thished with a large gland, rarely eglandular (Aepidopteryss Petuls 5,

Wed or not, often fimbriate, imbricate. Disk obscure. Stamens 10,
oth 8ynous or subperigynous, equal or 1 or more much larger than the

‘ts, filaments free or connate below, anthers 2-lobed. Ovary 3-celled ;
es 1-3, straight or circinate, stigmas capitate or punctiform or lateral ;
Asi es Solitary in each cell, micropyle superior, raphe ventral. Fruit (in the
atic genera) of one or more winged samaras, Seed exalbuminous ; embryo
Santily ot Curved, radicle superior.—DrstrrB. A very large American Order,
ics ap presented in Africa and still more so in Asia ; genera about 50,

ut 600,

Styles 1 rarely 9,

cine gla ds mi 1. TRISTELLATEIA.
Calycing Dds minute or O . . a. .. , , + + + n
eine gland 1, large, adnate to the pedicel " 2. HipraGe.

Calycine glands 0 . . . s. . » 8. ASPIDOPTERYS.
L ae e pi

418 XXX. MALPIGHIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) ([Tristellateia.

1, TRISTELLATEIA, Thouars.

Woody-climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled ; petiole 1-2-glandular at
the top; stipules minute. Flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes.
Calyx 5-partite, eglandular, or with minute glands, Petals 5-clawed.
Stamens 10, all perfect ; filaments rigid, truncate and articulate at the top;
anthers acute. Ovary 3-lobed; styles 1-3, slender, one or more reduced to
small papilla. Ripe carpels 3, each with about 3 or more wings, the whole
forming a stellate fruit. Seed obovoid, testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy,
hooked.—DisTRIB, About 8 species, natives of tropical Africa, Asia, an
Australasia.

1. T. australasica, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 38, t. 15; Benth. p
Austral. i. 986. Platynema laurifolium, W. £ A. in Edin. New Ph
Journ. 1833, 179; Prodr. 107.

I Pasrenx ARCHIPELAGO ; Sincapore, Herb. Wight, &c.— DisrRIB. Eastwards to New
reland.

Glabrous. Leaves 2—4 in., ovate or elliptic, acute, membranous, quite entire;
1- or eglandular. Racemes terminal, 4-6 in. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; pedicels opp j
minutely 2-bracteolate below the middle. Petals ovate-cordate, claw slender. dn
4 in. diam.; carpel-wings coriaceous, spreading and recurved, linear-oblong, vertically
compressed.— Wight's specimens, stated in the Prodromus to be from Ceylon, were
from Sincapore.

petiole

osite,

2. HIPTAGE, Gertner.

Climbing or suberect shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, prn
eglandular, or with a row of remote intramarginal glands beneath i stipules
0. acemes terminal or axillary, simple or compound ; peduncles erect,
bracteate, articulate with the 2-bracteolate pedicels. /Jowers white, ae
grant, the 5th petal discoloured. Calyx 5-partite ; glands large, adnate
to the pedicel. Petals 5, clawed, unequal, silky. Stamens 10, declinate,
fertile, one much the largest, filaments connate at the base. Ovary 3-lobed,
lobes appendiculate ; styles 1-2 circinate, the others rudimentary, stigmas
lor 2. Fruit of 1-3, 2-3-winged samaras. Seed subglobose ; cotyledons
thick, unequal.—DıstRIB. Four species, all tropical Asiatic.

1, H. Madablota, Gertn. Fruct. ii. 169, t. 116; branches stout, ka
4—6 in. oblong or ovate-lanceolate acuminate or cordate-acuminate, racem à
with densely appressed pubescence, flowers 3-1 in. diam., carpels Mery
central wing between the 2 lateral. DC. Prodr. i. 583 ; W. & A. Prodr. "n
Wall. Cat. 1063; Wight Ill. t. 50. Molina racemosa, Lamk. Dict. iv. Š i
Cav. Diss, ix. t. 263. Gærtnera racemosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 18; Fil, Ind.
365. Banisteria bengalensis, Linn. B. unicapsularis, Lamk. B. tetraptera
Sonnerat Voy. ii. t. 135.— Rheede Hort, Mal. vi. t. 59.

Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Jamu and Sixpm to BIRMA, MALACOH
and Ceyton.—Disrris, China, Java. . hoary
A tall climber, glabrous except the young parts and inflorescence, which are hoa
or appressed-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, petioled, shining above. Ad 2
1-6 in. axillary, usually forming a leafy panicle. Flower 4-3 in. diam» rie it
white. Sepals obtuse. Petals twice as long, fimbriate, 5th petal yellow - te orit
Wings of carpels oblong, coriaceous, inner 1-2 in. linear-oblong, outer narrow d ip i
spreadinz.— G. obtusifolia, DC., a native of China and Birma, differs chiefy

T 81Z@,

Hiptage.] XXX. MALPIGHIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 419

2 H. parvifolia, W. & A. Prodr. 107, excl. syn. ; branches and shoots
elongate twiggy, leaves about 3 in. elliptic acute or acuminate glabrous,
racemes with appressed pubescence, flowers 3 in. diam., carpels usuall

pen the additional wing. Gærtnera laurifolia, Herb. Madr. ex Wall.
- (265.

WzsrERN PeNiNsULA; Mysore, Rottler ; Courtallum, Wight; Cryton, hot and dry
parts of the Island, Gardner, &c.

Smaller in all its parts than Æ. Madablota, and with usually two styles; the pubes-
cence of the inflorescence is appressed, in which respects it differs from H. sericea.

3. H. sericea, Mook. J. ; branchlets short’ slender, leaves about 2-3 in.
elliptic or ovate acuminate glabrous, racemes short laxly soft tomentose or
villous, flowers 1—1 in. diam., carpels with an intermediate ridge. H. parvi-
flora, Wight, Cat, 358. Clerodendon sericeum, Wall. Cat. 1824.

Eastenn Peninsota; Penase, Wallich; Mavacca, Griffith, Maingay.
ranches and inflorescence clothed with soft brown villous pubescence. Leaves
ways small. Racemes axillary and terminal, short, dense-flowered ; pedicel much
thickened from beneath the flower downwards. —The habitat of Ceylon given by Wight

cu, nott is, no iginating with that respecting Tristellateia
australasica, ” doubt, an error, originating pecting

l 4 H. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1065; branches stout woody scabrid,
“aves 3-4 in, lanceolate acuminate glabrous, racemes short dense clothed
with thick brown tomentum, flowers $ in. diam., fruit unknown.

Kuasa Mrs, at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., Gomez, &c. .

A bushy dense shrub. Leaves coriaceous, usually caudate-acuminate ; nerves very
que, few, arched, reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole short, stout. Racemes much
orter. than the leaves, sometimes corymbose.—A chain of very fine reticulate nerves

(ders the leaf beneath, in which are often (not always) remote deeply impressed
Points or glands,

5. H. candicans, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender and with the leaves
heath clothed with soft fine white cottony pubescence, leaves on young
on 1-2 in. oblong or orbicular on old 4-5 in. elliptic oblong, carpels with
intermediate ridge or wing. Flacourtiacea, Wall. Cat. 9020.
Bano, 5; ens below Yenangheum, Wallich; sandy woods in the Kivakdwong, kt
11 distinct species, apparently scandent or sarmentose; the shoots with smal
in leaves resemble the pinnate leaves of a Leguminous climber. Th» leaves are of
the Pale colour, rather shining on the upper surface, and all obtuse or apiculate ;
nerves are indistinct, There are no flowers, and only imperfect fruits, which are
ni,

Pübescont.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Hiraog, Wall. Cat. 9029, from Herb. Heyne, is Terminalia paniculata.

3. ASPIDOPTERYS, A. Juss.

Shrubs, usual] " . . . ti .
i climbing. Zeaves opposite, eglandular, quite entire;
papules 0. outers in simple or compound axillary and terminal panicles ;
neleg bracteate jointed at the top, pedicels often minutely 2-bracteo-
Peta lowers small, yellow or white. Calyx short, 5-partite, eglandular.
5, not clawed, spreading or reflexed, quite entire. Stamens 10, all
tae’ ments connate or distinct at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, lobes
Fruit of at the back, sides winged ; styles 3, glabrous, stigmas capitate.
1-3 samaras ; nucleus sometimes crested or winged at e Pac ,and

420 XXX. MALPIGHIACEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aspidopterys.

surrounded with a broad oblong or orbicular wing. Seeds oblong, subterete ;
embryo straight, cotyledons equal, radicle short.—DisrRIB. Species about
15 ; all tropical Asiatic.

* Leaves glabrous beneath, or nearly so.

1. A. Roxburghiana, 4. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. ii. 511;
shoots usually glabrous, inflorescence rusty-tomentose, leaves ovaté or
elliptic-ovate acuminate, midrib beneath glabrous or pubescent, ovary
hairy, samara linear-oblong, nucleus not dorsally winged, or keener
Hiræa indica, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 90 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 448 ; Cor. PL ii. 160; Wa
Pl. As. Rar. i. 13. Aspidopteris oxyphylla, A. Juss. lc. 510. Hiræa oxy-
phylla, Wall. Cat. 7264 (a more slender form).

SiKKIM HIMALAYA, Misami and KuastA Mrs., alt: 1-5000 ft.; Birma, Saluen river,
Wallich; Western PENINSULA, Carnatic, Orissa, and CONCAN. the

A slender climber. Leaves 3-4 in., variable in breadth, acute or rounded at "
base, undersurface when very young slightly pubescent, when old quite glabrous | r
the centre only; petiole 1-4 in., glabrous or pubescent. Panicles effuse, rong
tomentose. Flowers š in. diam. Fruit variable, much narrower 1n the Penins "
than in the Bengal specimens.—I have given the Bombay habitat on the authority
the Bombay Flora. .

Van. 1. Samara 2 by 4 in. sides nearly parallel.— Western Peninsula. — , bon

Van. 2. Samara 14-2 by 1-1 in. more elliptic-oblong often narrowed either g^
or below. A. glabriuscula, A. Juss. l.c. 511; Hireea glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. p. 269,
6626—Khasia Mts., Sikkim.

Van. 3. Leaves more rounded, samara 14 by 4-$ in.—Assam. . iduous

Jussieu describes the ovary of Var. 2 as glabrous, but it is clothed with decia Š
hairs, as in all the vars. Wallich's Assam specimen under this name is referable

. nutans.

2. A. concava, A. Juss. in Archiv, Mus. Hist. Nat. iii. 509 ; gon
glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse or obtusely-acuminate quite glabrous, vel
rusty-tomentose, samaras orbicular very membranous transparen y^
concave, nucleus winged in the concavity. Hiræa concava,

Rar. i. 13; Cat. 1061. H. Merguensis, Wight IU. i. 139.

Bina, at Martaban, Wallich; 'TENAssERIM, at Mergui, Griffith. :mth's

I have seen only imperfect specimens, Wallich's aro in young bud only; cC
in old fruit. Leaves 3—4 in. ; petiole quite glabrous. Fruit on very long, ave e
pedicels, 1-13 in. diam., beautifully hyaline with radiating veins.—I do not o "t ume
plication of the leaves described Y Jussieu, who suspected that this was

elliptica; but that is described as having much larger samaras, with & dorsal €
6-7 lines long.

3. A. canarensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 37 ; glabro
almost throughout, shoots stout woody, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceo"
obtusely acuminate, inflorescence reduced to axillary fascicles, 9 ies
glabrate, samara suborbicular very membranous, nucleus with a
wing. A. glomerata, Wight Ic. t. 1986.

Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell; MALABAR and Mysore, Wight. elliptic
Branchlets flexuous, hard, with furrowed bark. Leaves 3-4 in., somet ns slender,
obovate, base acute or rounded, rather coriaceous, pale ; petiole n P edice divided,
4 in., glabrous, bracteolate towards the base, crowded on very short, simple ete ps
Batescent axillary peduncles that are clothed with minute bracts. A very ©
iam. Samaras 14-14 in. diam., margin even or lobed towards the apex.—
markable and distinct species.

Se ARMTMVATTS

Asidopterys.] XXX. MALPIGHIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 491

** Leaves hairy tomentose or pubescent beneath.

4 A. hirsuta, 4. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist. iii. 512, t. 17; clothed
with long spreading flaccid hairs, leaves broadly obovate or oblong or
orbicular-obovate abruptly acuminate cordate at the very base, ovary

‘rous, samaras linear-oblong, nucleus without dorsal crest or wing.

irea hirsuta, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. L 13, t. 13; Cat. 1059.

Brema, on the Taong dong and the Prome Mts., Wallich. . .

8 very slender. Leaves 4—7 in., clothed on both surfaces with long soft hairs,
membranous ; petiole 1 in. Inflorescence an open lax panicle, with regular opposite
spreading branches; bracts at the base of the branches 4-3 in., lanceolate ; branches
with many opposite bracteoles above the middle. Flowers 3 in. diam., subumbellate,
glabrous, white, Samaras 14-2 by 4-$ in., sides almost parallel.

_ 5. A. cordata, A. Juss. in Archiv, Mus, Nat. Hist. iii. 513; shoots
Inflorescence and leaves beneath clothed with white appressed tomentum,
“aves orbicular-cordate with a broad acumen, panicle effuse, ovary villous,
Samaras orbicular or nearly so, nucleus not winged or keeled. Hirza cor-

a, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1060; Wall, Pl. As. Rar. i. 13. H. nutans,
Vall. Cat. 1058, 2,

Western PENINSULA; Concan, Canara, and Mysore.

A slender climber. Leaves 5-8 in. diam., the younger ovate-cordate, all rather
supiy terminated by a broad acuminate tip, opaque, and sometimes pubescent above;

Hole 1-14 in. Inflorescence a lax pendulous panicle, sometimes rusty ; bracts at the
ranches filiform or 0, pedicels very variable. Flowers Y in. diam. Samaras pale,

"ll in. diam., sometimes slightly oblong.

6. A. nutans, Hook . (not of A. Juss.) ; young shoots and inflorescence
mentose, leaves ovate tend a orbicular with a broad based acumen
not cordate silkily pubescent beneath, panicle effuse, ovary villous,
‘amatas oblong or suborbicular, nucleus not or rarely ridged or vit a
"hal wing at the base. A. Roxburghiana, A, Juss. in part. A. ant
pos, A. Juss. Lc. 519. Hirza nutans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447 (not of
Tal), H. indica, Wall. Cat. 1057 in part. H. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 1058.
ta part (a Very villous-leaved form, from Nepal).
Nina, Wallich ; Sixxi Himataya, alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H.; Eastern BENGAL,
AM, and CHITTAGONG, Roxburgh, &c.; Birma, at Bhamo, T. Anderson. "m"
10 „ety similar to 4. cordata, but usually less tomentose, leaves even larger + aq d
tw m. diam., with often rusty tomentum on the nerves and rather thin ong ar e
T them ; upper surface reticulate and rather shining ; petiole of the arger, aves
A maras 13 by 1 in. usually oblong, sometimes almost orbicular.—Wa 1ch says,
poder his 7r indica (Cat. 1057) “An plus una species sub hac confusa ;" and so ps
qe ting fruit of any of his specimens ; five sheets thus named appertain to this

; 1 ] wing or
AR. rotundifolia; | s illous beneath, samara with a small dorsal wing
P» A. rotunda mem 514; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 448. Hiren orbiculata,
- Hort Beng. 90; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 13.—Chittagong, Roxburgh.
;. i e and leaves be-
meath q Wallichii, Hook. f. ; shoots slender, inflorescence

1 i i tum

nsely clothed with appressed more or less silky white tomen ,

leay, Ovate acute or acuminate base subcordate, panicle graceful ped pen-
orbe ovary densely hispid with long white deciduous sire, jam ras
513, t-oblong, nucleus without crest or wing. A. nutans, A. Juss, 6c.

H. jag, 182 nutans, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. i. 13 ; Cat, 1056, 1, not of Roxburgh.
, u

ginosa, Wall. Lc, ; Cat, 1058 in part,

429 XXX. MALPIGHIACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aspidopterys.

Western Tropical Himalaya; GARWHAL and Kumaon, ascending to 4500 ft.,
Govan, &c. ll

A tall climber; branches white. Leaves 4-7 in., base rounded, undersurface usua y
snow-white and silky, upper glabrous; petiole rarely 4 in. Panicle sometimes a V^
long, white, lax, very graceful Flowers 4 in. diam.; pedicels rather stout, bracteo »
most minute. Samaras 141-13 by 1-1} in., variable in shape, sometimes narrowed a
one end or emarginate.—lt is not clear to what plant Wallich meant the name
lanuginosa to apply ; he has in his Herbarium two under that name, and both wl
bered 1058; of these, one from Govan, gathered, no doubt, in Kumaon, 1s identica
with his own (not Roxburgh's) Hirea nutans; the other, from Nipal, has a rusty to
mentose panicle, and is probably the true nutans of Roxburgh ; indeed he tickets n :
mss. “prox nutanti, Roxb.” As Wallich's and Jussieu's lanuginosa 1s certainly no
the very local and beautiful species here described, I have dedicated the latter
to Dr. Wallich.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Imperfect specimen in young fruit of a plant from Poneshee in Birma, collected by
Dr. J. Anderson. Leaves orbicular, coriaceous, densely rusty tomentose berai
Unripe samaras oblong, with a dorsally winged nucleus.— Perhaps A. tomentosa, USS.,
Java.

A Tenasserim or Andaman Island plant of Helfer, with orbicular leaves slightly hort
date at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, except the costa beneath, which with the short
petioles shoots and inflorescence are clothed with dense rusty tomentum. Samaras mem

ranous, orbicular, not concave, retuse at the top, nucleus with a prominent dorsal wing.
— Perhaps a form of A. concava, Juss.

Hirwa FINLAYSONIANA, Wall. Cat. 7263, is a species of Nelitris.

Orver XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEZE. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.,
and J. D. Hooker.)

Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, branches usually articulate. Leaves opposte
or alternate by suppression, stipulate, 2-3-foliolate or pinnate ; leaflets en all ,
not punctate ; stipules twin, persistent, sometimes spiny. Peduncles breed
1-2 in the axils of the stipules, ebracteate rarely 2-bracteate. Flower "blue
maphrodite, regular or irregular, white, red or yellow, very rarely val-
Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or rarely connate at the base, imbricate, rare A ted
vate. Petals 5-4, very rarely 0, hypogynous, tree, imbricate or conto 4 s.
rarely valvate. Disk convex or depressed, rarely annular or 0, without g 255.
Stamens equal to or double or rarely three times as many as the p ^ to
inserted at the base of the disk, often alternately longer, those oT wi th M
the petals often connate at the base to the petals, filaments usually w ily
scale at the base or middle; anthers versatile, opening longitudiua or
Ovary sessile or rarely stipitate on a short gynophore, furrowed angled os
winged, 4-5- (rarely 2-12-) celled, cells very rarely with partial transv :
septa, narrowing into a terminal angled or furrowed style; stigm a lifo e
rarely discoid or stigmas 5; ovules 2 or more, rarely 1, usuall 7,
pendulous or ascending, raphe ventral with a superior micropy!e. d often
never berried, coriaceous or crustaceous, either of 2-10 free or unite ulous
spiny cocci, or capsular and septicidally dehiscent. Seeds usually pen free ;
solitary, rarely twin or more, oblong or linear, the raphe adnate or racel?
testa membranous crustaceous or thick and mucous; albumen scanty eda
0; embryo the length of the seed, green, straight or rarely curved, uuo Lp
oblong or linear thick or foliaceous, radicle very short, straight, SUP

XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hooker.) 423

“sya Genera, about 17, with 100 species, chiefly tropical and sub-
pical.

* Seeds exalbuminous.
Petals entire. Stamens 10. Fruit of usually spiny cocci. Leaves

abruptly pinnate 1. TnisULUS.

** Seeds albuminous.

petals 0.. Stamens 5. Leaves 3foliolate . . . . . . . . 9. SEETZENIA.
etals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovules axile, superposed. Leaves
1-2-foliolate ` + + + + + + s k s. s. s. s. s. s. . . 8. ZYGOPHYLLUM.
etals 5. Stamens 10. Ovules ‘basal, collateral. Leaves 1-3-
foliolate . .. , . 4. FAGONIA.

(See Peaanum in Rutacec.)
1. TRIBULUS, Linn.

Branching prostrate herbs, usually silky. Leaves stipulate, opposite, usually
uequal, abruptly pinnate. Flowers solitary, on pseudo-axillary peduncles,
waite or yellow, Sepals 5, deciduous (or persistent) imbricate. Petals 5,
"aclous, patent, imbricate. Disk annular, 10-lobed ; stamens 10, inserted
ft the base of the disk, 5 longer opposite to the petals, 5 shorter with a
pale gland outside ; filaments filiform, naked. Ovary sessile, hirsute,
i 17 lobed, 5-12-celled, cells opposite the petals ; style short, pyramidal or
op 4H, stigmas 5-12; ovules superposed. Fruit 5-angled, of 5-12 winged
bee nos or tuberculate indehiscent cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous,
sh membranous; embryo without albumen, cotyledons ovate, radicle

ori.—DisrRIB, A cosmopolitan genus of about 15 species.

diag T. cistoides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703 ; perennial, flowers 1-2 in.
am., peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, cocci 2-4-horned.

niet near Calcutta, Edgeworth; Westers PENiNsULA, Madras, Shuter, &c. ;

‘aba Mts, F Oulkes ; 'lenasserim at Mergui, Wallich.—Disrxis. Throughout the

fest tock stout ; branches 1-2 ft., procumbent or ascending, and leaves usually more

s p in the following. Leaflets often 7-8 pairs, subequal ; stipules falcate, acumi-

the di. epals 1-1 in., acuminate, silky. Petals obovate. Stigmatic lobes shorter than

spa. ter of the style. Coce; tubercled and hairy, with usually 2 spines. Seeds

Operated by transverse septa —Regarded as a large flowered form of T. terrestris by
Wer (Fl. Trop. Afr, i 284).

Lr T. terrestris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703; annual or biennial, flowers

iot. . Gam., peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci with 2 lon and 2

Wig Pines. Dalz, d: Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 45. T. lanuginosus, Linn. ; DC. l.c. ;
A. Prodr. 145; Wall, Cat. 6854; Wight Ic. t. 98 ; Ill. i. 164; Boiss, Pl.

“1, 902.— Burm, Fl. Zeyl. 265, t. 106, f. 1.

Cerro Shout INDIA, ascending to 11,000 ft. in Western TIBET; northern part of
Prost, STRIB, Throughout the warm regions of the globe. . bequal mu
nate ate, hirsute or silky hairy; branches 1-2 ft. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, su equal, mu-

* £etals often not exceeding the calyx. Cocci very variable, glabrous or hairy,

>. - "
style tes much as in T. cistoides. „Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the

tao; alatus Deli i. 703; al, fl 1-1 in. diam.
elile; DC. Prodr. i, 703; annual, tiowers s m.,
Panclas shorter than the leaves, cocci broadly winged.—Bouss. Fl. Orient.

424 XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEZ, (Edgeworth & Hooker.) [Tribulus.

Sinpu, Stocks, Vicary ; PANJAB, at Multan, Edgeworth.—Disrris. Egypt, Arabia,
Nubia. . . .

"Hispid and villous; branches procumbent or ascending. Leaflets 5 pairs, Soa
stipules ovate, acute. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens 5 or ) manent
broadly pyramidal, somewhat pointed; cocci hirsute, 2-seeded, the spine inn
iuto toothed wings.—Fruit slightly bitter, eaten by the desert nomads in Multan.

2 SEETZENIA, Br.

lly.
A small prostrate glaucous herb, woody at the base, glabrous or woo
Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate; leaflets obovate, apiculate. Peduncles ace
l-flowered. Flowers small Sepals 5, linear-oblong, valvate, rM disk
the top. Petals 0. Disk small, 5-lobed, Stamens 5, inserted on Tobose.
filaments filiform glabrous naked at the base; anthers near y E styles
Ovary oblong-clavate, sessile, pentagonal, truncate, fleshy, 5-celle ih ee
5, short, spreading, stigmas small capitate ; ovules solitary in ea istent
pendulous. Fruit ovoid, of 5 1-seeded cocci, separating from the p eras.
axis, with a narrow succulent exocarp on the back only, endocarp outét
taceous, Seeds oval, compressed, testa thick with three skins, th ceous
membranous, the middle one cellular and mucous, the inner corna ,
albumen thin ; cotyledons thickish.

1. S. orientalis, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iii. 280, t. 7 ; Boiss
Orient. i. 916.

Sinpu, Stocks, Vicary—Disreis. Arabia, N. and S. Africa. . iddle
Branches long and slender, smooth or papillose. Leaflets fleshy, 4-5 in. paie or
one obovate-cuneate, lateral oblique; stipules triangular. ,Peduncle $4} subglobose,
less recurved at the tip, longer than the petiole. Fruit ellipsoid, ovoid or subg:
3-3 in. long, pendulous. Seeds fusiform, smooth.

3. ZYGOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Small shrubs or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, 1- or 2-foliolate, fleshy ;
stipules 2, often spiny. Peduncles 1- or 2-flowered, among the s Palya
Flower white, or yellow with red or purple spots at the base, imbri-
4-5-partite, persistent or deciduous, imbricate. Petals 4-5, clawe Stamens
cate and contorted. Disk fleshy, angled, cup-shaped or cont rm with à
8-10, inserted on the disk, longer than the petals, filaments fili m d,
scale at the base ; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile upon the disk, +o ovules
4-5- (rarely 2-3-) celled, tapering into an angled style, stigma sma P red or
2-2, superposed, raphe free or adnate. ruit capsular, 4 o CO licid
winged, indehiscent or septicidally dehiscent into 5 cocci, or locu ch i
5-valved, the endocarp sometimes separating. Seeds 1 or many 1n Cae TRIB.
pendulous, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong- e an
Upwards of 50 species, natives of the Old World, and chiefly Cap
Australian.

: lin-
1. Z. simplex, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 705; annual, leaves simple cy
dric.— Boiss, FI. Orient. i. 912, '

Sandy deserts; Sixpn, Stocks, vicary ; PANJAB, at Multan, Edgeworth.
Arabia, tropical Africa. ssile, flesby,

A prostrate glabrous slender much branched herb. Leaves small, "ullate se
obtuse ; stipules ianceolate, acute. Peduncle as long as the obovate eis of 5-com-
Petals spathulate. Scales 2-partite. Capsule deflexed, turbinate, rough,

—DisTRIP-

|
|

——————— ee SO MM

Zygophyllum.| XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLES. (Edgeworth & Hooker.) 425

pressed 2-3-seeded cocci. Seeds fusiform, smooth.—The seeds are swept up by the
nomad tribes of the Multan desert, and eaten under the name of Alathi.

= Z. coccineum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 706 ; perennial, leaves 2-folio-
te. Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 915.

Rocky ground in Sxpu, Stocks, Vicary.—Disrris. Syria, Arabia, Egypt.
shrubby below, with erect or ascending hoary at length glabrous branches.
ves petioled ; leaflets terete, grooved or semiterete, minutely powdery ; stipules tri-
angular, scarious. Peduncle equalling the petiole. Sepals ovate, cucullate, fleshy,
Sorter than the spathulate white undulate petals. Scales lanceolate, entire or torn.
erect, grooved, cylindric-ovoid, truncate. Seeds small, ovoid, tubercled, acute,
“mpressed.—The flowers open in the middle of the day.

4 FAGONTA, Linn.

Branching woody herbs. Zeaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate, entire, mucronate ;
5 Dules usually spiny. Peduncle solitary from between the stipules. Sepals
> éciduous, imbricate. Petals 5, closed, caducous, imbricate, Disk short,
ant) eSPicuous, Stamens 10, inserted on the disk, filaments filiform, naked ;
styl ers oblong. Ovary sessile, 5-cornered, 5-celled, tapering into a subulate
sd ° stigma simple ; ovules 2, collateral at the base of each cell, pendulous
dehis alte funicles. Fruit 5-cornered, of 5 1-seeded_ cocci which
Piae along the ventral suture and separate froma horny endocarp. Seeds
cotyl: Compressed, broadly oblong, testa mucilaginous, albumen horny ;

tyledons broad, flat, ovate.—DrsTRrB. Species variously estimated from

2 or 3 to 30, being very variable and difficult to define.

“eak arabica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 704; glandular, young branches
Fm. striate, spines exceeding the linear leaflets. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 907.
Dale Ve Tenis, Roth, ; DC. be. ; Wall. Cat. 6853; W. & A. Prodr. 145;
P Gibs. Bomb. Flor, 45; Wight Ill. i.t. 64. F. cretica var, arabica,
` Anders, in Journ, Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. i. 12; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afric. 1. 287.

of qumughont Norta Western INDIA, Sixpn, the PANJAB, and the southern provinces
A mall ene PENINSULA.—DISTRIB. Westward to Egypt. )
qu green spiny undershrab, with erect branches, more or less glandular.
Flom, À -holiolate; “leaflets elliptic or linear, acute; petiole often foliaceous.
Capsule small, pale rose-coloured. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, half as long as the petals.
pubescent, about as long as the recurved peduncle. Seeds punctulate.

"iE, i hes subte-
t * Sruguieri, DC. Prodr, i. 704; glandular, young branches subte
Big tous sides grooved, spines exceeding the ovate rather fleshy leaflets.
F. eei l. Orient. i. 905. F. Echinella, Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, viu. 123.

ca var, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. i. 12.

Da RTH- rez INpiA ; Peshawur, Herb. Falconer, Stewart ; Chandnist, Edgeworth.—
^, , "Stward to Algeria, i I

F. arabica, and like it referable by many authors to a variety of F late:

leaflets £ Short; branches procumbent. Lower leaves 3-foliolate, the rest 1-foliolate;

tale bra minute. The form istinguished as Echinella by Boissier, has crowded decus-
Neches, and very short leaves.

I Similar to

F EXCLUDED SPECIES.
A : :
Sota MONTANA, Miq.; see FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 596, is Monetia tetracantha.

426 XXXII, GERANIACEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.)

Order XXXII. GERANIACEAS. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.LS.,
and J. D. Hooker.)

Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely trees ; glabrous or more usually POM
and glandular. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually 2-sti ulate. ee elled
usually solitary and axillary, 1- or more-flowered. lar or irregular.
cymose or racemose, usually showy, hermaphrodite, regular or arely val-
Sepals 5, rarely 4 or 2, free or united to the middle, imbricate or r: seals or
vate, the posticous sometimes spurred. Petals as many as t sel Phbri-
fewer by suppression, or 0, hypogynous or subperigynous, Y with M glan
cated, rarely contorted. Torus scarcely expanded into a dish wi tre into à
alternating with the petals, or without glands, raised in the cent or fewer
beak, rarely flat. Stamens as many as or double or treble the sep » "nthers
by suppression ; filaments filiform or dilated, or connate into i TPE 5 celled
2-celled, cells parallel, opening lengthwise. Ovary 3-5-lo h "insertion 0
rarely 2-lobed, of 3-5 carpels united with the axis as far as the i les whic
the ovules, sometimes lengthened into a beak-bearing style, or 1 e: ovules
are free or more or less united, stigmas capitate linear or lign p capsular,
1 or 2 or rarely more, horizontal or pendulous or ascending. :cidal or locu-
3-5-lobed, lobes 1-seeded often separating trom the axis septicl 0 or scanty
licidal rarely berried. Seeds pendulous or horizontal, albumen v variously
or fleshy; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons flat convex o the hilum
folded foliaceous or thick or fleshy, radicle either short and Do Genera
or longer and inflected or incumbent on the cotyledons.— DISTRIB.

20, with about 800 species, chiefly found in temperate climates. Geranium)

Besides the genera described below, Pelargonium (the garden so called oes s
is cultivated throughout India, and one species of Natal (P. grosa od in the Nil-
Erodium nilagiricum, Schlecht. Pl. Ind. Or. exsice. 1560), is natura ik d into a spur
ghiris. The genus is distinguished by the posticous sepal being pre herless
which is adnate to the pedicel and by some of the filaments being antherless.

lar or
TRIBE 1. Geraniese. Leaves simple or compound. wk rego
nearly so. Sepals imbricate. Glands alternate with the Pais.
ferous stamens as many or double or treble the number of petals.
Carpels indehiscent ; not beaked. Ovules solitary.
Stamens 10, all perfect .

1. BIEBERSTEINIA.
Carpels beaked, dehiscent. Ovules geminate.

£ ONSONIA.
Perfect stamens 15, pentadelpbhous , , . . + + + + + * KT ia.
Perfect stamens 10, rarely fewer . . . + + + + e s ° 4. Eropium.
Perfect stamens 5, staminodes5 . . . . . . . et A

+ Y ls imbri-
TRIBE 2. Oxalidese. Leaves compound. Flowers regular. Sepa
cate, Glands 0. Stigmas capitate. Ovules 2 or more.
* Herbs. Fruit capsular.
Stameus 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves cohering with the axis. 5. OXALIS.
Leaves 3-0 -foliate . . °

Stamens 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves usually separating from

y.
' : . BiopHYTU
the axis to the base. Leaves pinnate 6

** Trees or shrubs. Fruit berried.
Stamens 10, or 5 and 5 staminodes. Ovules many. Leaves 6.* AVEREED.
pinnate . . tto ot 2 ° oe se raus 0 t * ` ` V CoNNAEO
Stamens 10. Ovulesin pairs. Leaves 1-3-foiolate . . + + - T e

Veneer

XXXII, GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 427

TRIBE 3. Balsaminec. Leaves simple. Flowers irregular. Sepals
usually coloured, the posticous spurred. Stamens 5, very short. Anthers
subconnate,

Lateral petals connate in pairs. Fruit capsular. . . . . . . 8. Impatiens.
Lateral petals free. Drupe fleshy . . . . . . . + + . . 9. Hyprocera.

1l. BIEBERSTEINIA, Stephan.

Perennial glandular herbs. Leaves stipulate, pinnatisect. Flowers regu-
at, racemose or panicled. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous,
imbricate, alternating with 5 glands. Stamens 10, all bearing anthers, fila-
ments united into a ring at the base. Ovary deeply 5-lobed, 5-celled ; styles

tinct, arising from the bases of the lobes, connate into a capitate stigma ;
ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous from below the top of the cell. Ripe
carpels separating from a persistent 5-lobed axis, indehiscent, crustaceouis,
wrinkled. Seeds incurved on one side of the fleshy albumen; embryo
arched, cotyledons thick.— DISTRIB. Several species, natives of Asia, Siberia,

reece, the Altai Mountains, and Tibet.

l l. B. emodi, Jaub, d: Spach. Ill. Pl. Or. ii. 109; leaves pinnatisect
obes pinnatifid, stipules adnate laciniate, bracts oblong or obovate lobed,
Petals entire. B, odora, Royle TIl. 153, t. 30, not of Stephan.

ALPINE Western Timer and Koxawan alt. 14-17,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.

Glandular-pubescent. Rootstocks densely tufted, branched, tuberous, giving off crowns

leaves and short simple flowering stems a few inches high. Leaves linear, with
many pairs of small broad irregularly lobed leaflets; stem leaves small. Flowers
mae din. diam, yellow; pedicels equalling the calyx, 2-bracteolate. „Sepals
MEO ic-oblong, pubescent. Pe nearly orbicular. Filaments hairy. Styles slender.
ail, ‘spect, and in many respects the structure, of this plant is singularly Rosaceous,
like à Potentilla.

2. MONSONIA, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs, Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Pe
5 mat bracteate. Flowers solitary or umbelled. Sepals 5, imbricate. Leta i
» aypogynous, imbricate, alternate with 5 small glands. Stamens 15, al
Ones anthers, shortly monadelphous, 5 of them opposite the petals.

“ry 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; beak ending in the style, bearing 5 linear
wit, hes inwardly stigmatose ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Capsule
whi h Very long beak of 5 1-seeded carpels; carpels with 5 elastic tails
exall are bearded on the inner side, and separate from the beak. Seeds
Disp ümmous ; embryo incumbent on the convolutely folded cotyledons, —
North South Africa ; genera of about a dozen species, besides 4 or 5

African species and the present.

M. senegalensis Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. i. 131 ; viscid, leaves
site, T cordate, peduncles rarely 2-flowered, beak of carpels very jong
(ala the inner face. Boiss, Pl. Orient. i. 898. M. Lawiana, Stoc in
t. 1074, Journ, Nat. Hist. vii. 19. M. Chumbalensis, Wight Ic. ya tezt
nium La odium Chumbalense, Munro in text Wight Ic. t. 1074. era-

IND um, Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. Supplemental page.

i Jb Stocks; Upper ar AGRA, Munro ; the DexKay, common
tai] far Gibson, fae Dua. Belachistan, Arabia, and westwards to Sene-

428 XXXII, GERANIACEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Monsonia.
i f Leaves
A diffuse annual herb or undershrub ; branches pubescent and glandular. |
3-14 in., long-petioled, obtuse or mucronate, repand-toothed, glabrate above, pilose a
pubescent beneath; stipules subulate. Peduncles long, sharply deflexed at t 2 t
teoles. Sepals obovate, awned, densely pubescent with long hairs. Petals yos n
pink, 3-veined, crumpled, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Filaments ciliate. Carpe

acute, stipitate, obliquely truncate with 2-3 wrinkles at the top, roughly hairy;
beak 3 in.

2. M. heliotropioides, Cav. ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. 1. 897 ; h me ede
perennial, leaves petioled ovate ovate-cordate or rhomboid minutely 1. c
sometimes obscurely lobed hoary above villous beneath, petiole an hoary
clothed with very long white deciduous hairs, sepals silky or
mucronate. M. mallica, Edgw. in Jour. Linn. Soc. vi. 200. ;

PANJAB ; Moultan, Edgeworth ; beyond the Indus in Waziristan, Stewart; SINDH, n
the Hill range, Vicary.—Dıstrır. Westwards to Egypt.

A small white annual herb, or with a well-developed _ woody rootstock: ed
1-1 in.long, chiefly radical, very variable in shape, coriaceous, densely Fu al nde.
villous beneath; petiole longer than the blade. Scapes 2-8 in, erec "arged in
Flowers 3- in. diam., umbelled. Sepals oblong, at length obovate and e +£ tly
fruit. Petals obovate-spathulate, not exceeding the sepals. Stamens V ith m
5-adelphous at the base. Fruit 3 in.; carpels narrow, stipitate, hairy, keeled, t always
transverse wrinkles at the top.—The Indian specimens are usually but r otare of
annual, and never so large as the Persian and Arabian specimens. The stri

„ang never 1 . r ° e ver.
the fruit is identical with that of Hrodium stipaceum, but the stamens are ery
different.

3. GERANIUM, Linn.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Pai
axillary, bracteate, 1-2-flowered, or pedicels umbelled. Flowers t
Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternating nthers

lands. Stamens 10, usually all anther-bearing, rarely 5 without at les 5
ree or shortly monodelphous. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, beake d. 5 velle ;
stigmatose longitudinally, ovules superposed. Capsule 5-lobed, g septi-
cells 1-seeded, carpels usually dehiscent ventrally, often separating the
fragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards ` embryo
base to the apex of the axis, Seeds with scanty albumen or 0; Species
with the cotyledons induplicate or convolute incumbent -DISTRE e u
about 100, natives chiefly of cold temperate regions In the
Hemisphere ; they are very difficult, of discrimination.

t-
Sect. 1.— Peduncles axillary and terminal, solitary, 2-flowered. octave a
buds oblong or ovoid, not pyramidal. Sepals not dilated or su “the axis,
the base. Carpels, with their beaks separating elastically from
not wrinkled.—Rootstock stout, perennial.

* Flowers large, an inch or upwards in diameter.
t Petals reflexed.

ular-
1. G. refractum, Zdgew. d: Hook. f.; tall, stout, branched, glan les
hairy, leaves 5-7 partite segments obtuse deeply lobed and ‘als " eflecte
large, bracts linear very slender, sepals shortly awned, pe
filaments nearly glabrous.

Sixxim Hiwavaya; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H. both surfaces;

Stems 2-4 feet, erect. Leaves 3 in. diam, shortly pubescent p uncle and |
lower petioles long; stipules $ in., broadly oblong, ovate or obtuse. +€ spec E
fracted pedicels long, clothed with spreading hairs. Sepals j in, mem

Geranium.) xxxi. GERANIACEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 429

dular-hairy, margins broad, awn stout. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear-
oblong, obtuse, white, 5-nerved, villous on each side at the base. Filaments gradually
narrowed upwards. Ovary tomentose. Fruit not seen.—A very curious species, allied
to the N. American G. Richardsoni.

tt Petals spreading.

2 G. pratense, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 641 ; stout, erect, branched,
hairs spreading, leaves orbicular 7-9-partite segments acute incised, stipules
subulate-lanceolate, pedicels glandular-hairy, sepals long-awned, bracts
subulate, filaments ciliate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 877. G. himalayense,
Klotzsch in Reise Prinz. Waldem. 116, t. 122; Walp. Ann. vii. 485.

Western TEMPERATE HiwaLAYa; Kashmir, Falconer; Kulhara in GARWHAL, alt.
10,500 ft., Strach. & Winter. ; Prr, alt. 7-8000 ft, T. Thomson; Western TiBEr ;
Sikh river, alt. 14,000 ft., Strach. & Winter.—DisrRis. N. Asia, and westwards to

urope.

Stem 2-4 ft, high, usually stout, hairs on branches and petioles often reflexed.

aves 2-3 in. diam., variously cut; stipules usually small. Peduncles and refracted
pedicels densely hairy and glandular; bracts small and slender. Flowers 14-2 in. diam,
nue-parple Petals entire or notched, ciliate at the base. Filaments gradually nar-
rowed upwards. Carpels glandular-hairy. Seeds reticulate.

,9. G. rectum, Traut. > Walp. Ann. vii. 485; very slender, tall, sub-
simple, ibaringly leafy and hairy, leaves opposite 5-angled 7-lobed to below
the middle membranous segments rhomboid acute and acutely incised,
Stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles, very long and slenderly appressed-
pubescent, bracts subulate, sepals long awned, filaments ciliate.

Kasur, Falconer ; in Baltal, T' Thomson.—Distrie. Soongaria. .

Stem 2 feet, very slender, apparently ribbed, almost glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in. diam.,
membranous, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, radical petioles very long and slender.

‘eduncles sometimes 8 in.; pedicels very variable; bracts subulate. Flower 1} in.

m. Sepals membranous, glabrate, narrow-oblong with a stout awn. Petals obovate,
retuse, ciliate at the very base. Filaments gradually narrowed upwards. Carpels (not
‘een in Indian specimens) smooth, appressed-pubescent. Seeds smooth.—Siberian
(Alatau Mts.) specimens are described as faving erect fruiting peduncles and presenting
Wo varieties, one glabrous, the other villous with white hairs. It differs from G.

wm inthe stems not being swollen at the nodes and in the entire petals. Fal-
Coner’s is à single rather doubtful specimen, mixed with G. Wallichianum.

4 G. aconitifolium, Z Herit.; DU. Prodr. i. 642; very slender,
Sparingly ubescent, much branched, leaves deeply 3-9-partite segments
acute deeply laciniate or pinnatifid upper sessile, stipules small subulate,
cels and long-awned sepals usually glandular hairy, filaments ciliate.

x area Tiger, Falconer (Kew Distrib. 328).—Distris. Alps of Switzerland and
- Italy,

Stems slender, 1-2 ft., very sparingly hairy. Leaves 2-24 in. diam. ; segments nar-
en acute or obtuse ; upper leaves sessile with the radiating lobes giving a peculiar
ebearance to the plant. Peduncles variable in length, pedicels usually clothed with
ents glandular hairs, but sometimes merely pubescent; bracts subulate, very
Sepals: Flowers smaller than in the other species of this group, 1-1} in. diam.
dilate d ther broad. Petals obovate, rounded at the tip, glabrous. .Pilaments su enly

em, at the base. Fruit 1 in., nearly glabrous. Seeds smooth, opaque.—A pparently
hare as the European species, in which the peduncles and pedicel and calyx are

ular, which is rarely the case in the Tibetan specimens.

or gi: Co linum, Jf. Bieb, ; DC. Prcdr.i. 649 ; stem usually short hoary

ular pubescent, leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed to below the middle

430 XXXII, GERANIACEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Geranium.

segments cuneate obtusely 3-5-lobed, stipules small ovate acute, pedicels
appressed-pubescent or glandular-hairy, sepals shortly awned, filaments
ciliate at the base. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 874. Q. multifidum, Don Prodr. 207.
G. Donianum, Wall. Cat. 8565 ; Sweet Geran. sub tab. 338.

Western Tiger, Zanskar, Pitt, and Kunawer, alt. 12-14,000 ft., Jacquemont, &e.;
Kasumir, Falconer; NieAL, Wallich; Garwnat, 9-11,000 ft., Edgeworth; inner
valleys of Sikkim Himataya, J. D. H —Disruis. Affghanistan, Siberia, S. Russia.

In its common Tibetan form this is a short hoary-pubescent or glandular species, with
many subsimple flowering stems, 6-10 in. high, orbicular (not angled) leaves, with
obtusely cut often slender lobes, slender peduncles and pedicels, and large flowers.
— Afghanistan specimens are taller, more slender, and branched.

6. G. ? palustre, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 642; rather tall, pubescent or
hairy, leaves pentagonal palmately 5-lobed lobes rhomboid acute pen-
natifidly incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles long glandular-
hairy, sepals awned, petals obovate rounded at the tip. Boiss. Fl. Orient, 1,
874. G. grandiflorum, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42.

Kasumir, Falconer; Kumaon, at Mana, alt. 9—11,000 ft, Edgeworth.— DisTRIP.
Siberia, Caucasus, Mid. and N. Europe.

Very similar to large states of G. collinum, but the flowers are larg
diam., and leaves pentagonal in outline from their segments being more
The identification with G. palustre is doubtful.

7. G. Wallichianum, Sweet Geran. t. 90; DC. Prodr. i. 641; tai
robust, much branched, leaves 5-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed segments rhombol
acuminate incised, stipules very large broadly oblong or almost rounde
obtuse, bracts large, pedicels long, sepals long-awned, filaments ciliate at
the base. Wight Ic. t. 324; Wall. Cat. 8558; Don Prodr. 208. .

TEMPERATE HiMALAYA, alt. 7-11,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Marni, Fleming.

More or less pilose or villous with spreading or rellexed hairs, which are rarely glan-
dular. Leaves 3—4 in. broad, segments acutely cut ; stipules 4-1 in. long, very broad.
Bracts usually 4, linear-oblong, 3 in. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate. Flowers 147? p
diam. Petals obovate, retuse, Filaments suddenly dilated at the base. Ca
pilose. Seeds smooth.— The very large solitary stipules best distinguish this species.

8. G. Grevilleanum, Wall. Cat. 8559; Pl. As. Rar. iii. t. 209 i roban
or slender, hairy and glandular, branched, leaves 5-gonal 5-7-lobe py 0 Y
the middle segments rhomboid acute or acuminate incised, stipules 2-fi s
in pairs ovate acuminate, pedicels long slender, sepals long-awned, filamen
villous with long hairs. Q. eriostemon, Don Prodr. 208, not of Posce:
1G. Lamberti, Sweet Geran. t. 338 G. Backhousianum, Regel. Descrip
Plant, Nev. 1873, 32.

Temperate HiMALAYA, alt. 811,000 ft, from Kumaon to SIKKIM. bifid

A tall branched species, resembling G. Wallichianum, but distinguished by the "
or bipartite stipules and very villous filaments; it varies much in pubescence n
glandular often reflexed hairs, being sometimes almost villous or velvety. Pott
and pedicels slender, clothed with spreading glandular hairs ; bracts linear, slender.
Flowers 1-1) in. diam. Petals obovate, tip rounded or retuse, hairy, at the base, ally
coloured, or very pale with a purplish eye (in Sikkim specimens). ‘laments gradu
narrowed upwards, Carpels pilose. Seeds smooth.

** Flowers less than an inch in diameter (see also 14, G. rotundifolium)

9. G. nepalense, Sweet Geran. t. 12 ; slender, diffuse, much branch n.
hairy or villous, eglandular, leaves 5-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed or E
epper sessile segments rhomboid incised, stipules subulateanceri
peduncles slender 1-2-fid, sepals shortly awned almost equalling the

er, nearly 2 in.
produced.

Geranium.| XXXII, GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 431

Petals. Don Prodr. 208. G. radicans, DC. Prodr. i. 639. ` G. pallidum and
G. patens, Royle Herb, ; Wall. Cat. 8560, 8561. G. affine, W. & A. Prodr. 133
(not of Ledebour) Wight Ill. i. 153, t. 59 (colour of flower wrong P), G. Arnot-
tianum, Steud. Nomen. 677.

Throughout the TEMPERATE Hmatayas, alt. 5-9000 ft.; the Knasra, NiLaurmi and

vey Mrs., and in the higher parts of Ceyton.—Disrris. Yunan. ^ . .

Branches sometimes rooting (G. radicans, DC.), more or less clóthed with spreading
or reflexed hairs. _ Leaves 14-24 in. diam., opposite, spreading. Peduncles usually
slender, sometimes 1-flowered, very variable in length, spreading, reflexed after flower-
mg. Flowers 4-8 in. diam., pink or purple. Sepals usually silky. — Carpels hairy.
Seeds shining, smooth.—We find no difference between the Himalayan and Peninsular

peecimens, The Javanese G. ardjunense, Zoll, may, from the description, prove to
is.

10. G. sibiricum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 639; prostrate, slender.
excessively branched, hoary, leaves 5-gonal 5-partite segments rhomboid
acute acutely incised, stipules subulate, peduncles slender 1-2-flowered
Sepals long-awned, equalling or exceeding the notched petals. Boiss, FI,
Orient, i. 879,

Western Tiset, Nubra and Ladak, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Thomson.—Distris. Siberia,

auria, Caucasus, Germany. . .

ery similar at first sight to (Z. nepalense, but more flaccid and branched, with the
Upper leaves all petioled, and shorter notched petals.—Thomson's specimens are the
Y Indian ones we have seen.

SET. 2, Pedicels crowded amongst the uppermost leaves, subumbellate.
Flower-buds ovoid or oblong, not pyramidal. Carpels wrinkled, becoming
aqchi from their beaks which coil upwards elastically.—Rootstock stout,

ennial,

8 ll. G. polyanthes, Ædgew. & Hook.f.; sparingly hairy, slender,
S Wering-stems naked below, leaves orbicular-reniform 7-9-partite or
Segments cuneate obtuse 3-7-fid, pedicels short, sepals shortly
ge, filaments ciliate. Wall. Cat. 8564. G. Donianum, Herb. Ind. Or.
`J. de T. not of Sweet.
EMPERATE Himataya, Kumaon, Dlinkworth; Inner valleys of Sixxr, alt. 912,000
n M grassy places, J: D. Hooker. . . .
Yery singular Species, with subsimple stems 6-10 in. high, bearing clusters of
late 7 amongst the uppermost involucre-like leaves. Flowering-stems simple or umbel-
ly branched about the middle. Leaves 14-2 in. diam., more or less pilose; petiole
m teal very long, upper sessile and crowded under the pedicels ; stipules variable,
Pow acuminate or subulate-lanceolate. Umbels 3-10-flowered ; pedicels 1-1 in., glan-
hairy, as are the sepals. Flowers À-3 in. diam., dark-purple. Fruit erect, 1 in.
style arpels laterally compressed, keeled, strongly reticulate, glabrous ; beaks slender ;
°S very short. Seeds smooth.

Stor. 3. Ped Fl -buds ovoid or
` 9. Z eduneles 2- e-flowered, crowded. Flower- m
dong not pyramidal. "Carpels smooth, their beaks remaining attached to
axis (not always in G rotundifolium).

*
' ji tok perennial, flowers large. "à ,
i œ. Tuberaria, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 33, t. 37; slender, erect,
ip and glandular, leaves orbicular-reniform 5-7-partite, segments pinna-
fasci Petiole very slender, peduncles 2-flowered terminal umbelled or
lai cled very hairy and glandular, sepals obtuse awned or apiculate very
449 Petals retuse, filaments ciliate with very long hairs Walp. Rep,

Owe

432 XXXII, GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) — [Geranium.

Temperate Western Himalayas, Kasmurm, Jacquemont ; Kisurwan, alt. 8000 ft,
T. T'homson.

Rootstock tuberous. Flowering stems 12-18 in. high, slender, simple or subumbel-
lately branched. Leaves 14-3 in. diam., segments very spreading, radical on very long
slender petioles; stipules variable. Inflorescence subumbelled, with an involucre 0
shortly petioled leaves : peduncles and pedicels erect, clothed with long spreading glan-
dular hairs; bracts leafy, pinnatifid. Flowers lin. diam. Sepals elliptic, small,
obtuse, apiculate, narrowly margined. Petals large, obcordate, ciliate at the very
base. Filaments very slender throughout their length. Fruit 14-14 in., erect, hairy;
carpels not wrinkled ; styles very short. Seeds smooth.—There is no trace of the beaks
being separable from the axis, though the valves are removable.—A very curious
species.

** Annual, flowers small, in axillary peduncles, fruiting pedicels deflexed.

13. G. pusillum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 642; prostrate, very slender,
much branched, pubescent, leaves reniform-orbicular deeply 5-9-lobed or
partite segments cuneate 3-lobed, petals obcordate scarcely exceed
the mucronate sepals, carpels smooth, seeds smooth. Bovss. Fl. Orient.
1. 881.

Western Temperate Himalaya; Kasmwim, Falconer; KISHTWARE, alt. 8000 ft.,
J. Thomson.—Distxis. Syria and throughout Europe. :

Very slender and much branched, leafy, slightly glandular, above. Leaves Hia
diam; stipules short. Flowers } in. diam., blue-purple, very small. Petals and ir
ments ciliate at the base. Fruit in. long. Carpels smooth, hairy. Seeds very minutely
granulate,

14, G. rotundifolium, Lina. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643; suberect with very
slender spreading branches, glandular-hairy, leaves reniform 7-fid seg:
ments broad obtusely lobulate, petals cuneate entire exceeding the calyx,
carpels smooth, seeds deeply pitted. Boiss, Fl. Orient i. 880. G. poten-
tilloides, Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Waldem. 123, t. 17.

PANJAB at Peshawar, Vicary; and Hooshiarpore, Aitcheson; WESTERN Terr
Himataya, alt. 6-9000 ft. ; Kashmir, Falconer; Jamu, Thomson; Garwhal, alt. 2
it, Strach. & Winter —Disrrin, Siberia and Eastward to Europe and N. Africa.

Very slender. eaves 4-14 in. diam.; petioles very slender. Flowers 3 in. diam»
Petals red, glabrous. Fruit $ in. long.

15. G. molle, Linn. ; DU. Prodr. i. 643; stems rather stout diffuse or
ascending softly villous and glandular, leaves orbicular palmately 7-9- š
lobes cuneate obtusely lobulated, petals obcordate exceeding the se
carpels obliquely wrinkled, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 882.

Temperate Western Himalaya; Kisatwar, 6-9000 ft., Thomson; KvwAON
1500 ft., Madden.—Disrris. Westward to Europe and N. Africa. - Affght-

A common European weed, possibly introduced into India, but also found in i?
nistan and Persia ; more robust than the two preceding species, readily distin

by the wrinkled carpels, smooth seeds, purple petals ciliate at the base, and glabro
filaments.

Sect. 4, Peduncles 2-flowered. Flower-buds pyramidal. Sepals broad x
cordate at the base, acuminate, not abruptly awned.—Annual or biennl®™

16. G. Robertianum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i 644; ent s p
branched, pubescent or hairy, leaves triangular-oblon 5-foliolate
ternatisect segments incised ‘or pinnatifid, peduncles slender, wrinkled
spreading, petals twice as long as the sepals clawed, carpels

Geranium.) XXXII. GERANIACES. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 433

keeled, seeds punctulate. Boiss. FL Orient. i. 883. G. Lindleyanum,
Royle Ill. 151, t, 27.

Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., from Kasam, Falconer, to GARWHAL,

ach. & Winter.— DisrRiB. Siberia, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Europe .

A reddish fetid rather succulent annual or biennial. Branches 6-18 in., brittle,

Y. Leaves 1-3 iu. broad; petiole long; stipules ovate. Flowers À in. diam.,
streaked with dark and light red. Petals narrow, claw glabrous. Fruit 3-1 m.;
ak of carpels separating upwards from the axis and attached to its apex by silky
hairs.— Herb, Robert."

17. G. lucidum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 644 ; annual, glabrous, shining,
wes orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes 5-fid cuneate, pedicels with a series of
TS sepals long-awned shorter than the spathulate petals, carpels reti-
ite keeled nearly glabrous, seeds smooth. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 884. G.
Vigatum, Royle ll. 150.

„Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kısmrwar to Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft.—DrarRIB.

Siberia, Syria, the Caucasus, Europe, N. Africa. .
suberect, much-branched, brittle herb, with usually bright red branches. Leaves
`I} in. diam., lobes short broad; stipules acute. Peduncles longer than the petioles.
ers Sin. diam. Sepals wrinkled. Petals rose-red, claw glabrous, Fruit 4 in.,

frees, beak very slen er; carpels small, separating both from their beak and

18 G. ocellatum, Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 33, t. 38; annual, hoary-
nt or hairy and glandular, excessively branched, prostrate, slender,
Kes orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes cuneate 3-5-fid, petals large broadly
N "ate much larger than the acuminate sepals, carpels corrugated, seeds
nth. Walp. Ann. i. 449. G. bicolor, and G. choorense, Royle IU.
nana Wall. Cat 8562.
Tet the Pangas; te e and subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft, from
er and the Sarr Rakam to E. Nirat. Benar, on. the top of Parusnath,

A mall straggli i in. di l ti clustered
ggling species. Leaves }-2 in. diam. Peduncles sometimes ;

T x subu Hed as in D. Tuberaria, at bien axillary solitary and 1-flower d. Flowers
x iam. rose-coloured with a dark purple eye. Sepals rigid after flowering,

Wri . . .
inkled from pressure against she carpels. Fruit erect, š in. long; one smab,

qu ting from the axis and b i il elastic
ini eak, which latter eventually coils up elastica
tining, pale.—Found in E. Nipal (Tambur river), but not hitherto in Sikkim.

DOUBTFUL AND UNKNOWN SPECIES.

x RETEROTRICHON, Sm. ; Royle Ill. 150. | . .
aC TED NGUT, ATUM, Royle, l.e.—Of this and the preceding species no information is
n by Royle; Smith has nowhere described a G. heterotrichon.

4 BRODIUM, L'Herit.
dat the

Herbs rare] : :ointe
k y undershrubs, with the branches swollen or join
or eaves opposite, often alternately smaller, stipulate. flowers
imbrid, regular, in axillary 1-flowered or umbelliferous peduncles. epals 5
alte aie, Petals 5, hypogynous, with alternatiag glands. Stamens 5,
a ting with 5 staminodes. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, long bea e l;
Capen.” stigmatose longitudinally ; ovules 2, superposed In eac ce .
septi 5-lobed 5-celled, cells 1-seeded ; cree indehiscent, separa ing
base y from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the

voL Li apex of the axis, hairy on the inner surface, each der qually.

434 XXXII, GERANIACEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) —[Erodium.

2 pits at the top below the beak. Seeds exalbuminous ; embryo incumbent
on the induplicate or flexuous radicle.—Distris. About 50 species, natives
of temperate regions in the Old World, whence a few have escaped to the
New, and to the Southern Hemisphere.

* Beak of carpels ventrally clothed with rigid setz that disappear
towards the tip.

+ Leaves 1-2-3-pinnatisect.

1. E. cicutarium, Leman; DC. Prodr. i. 646; annual, leaves pu.
natisect pinnules pinnatifid not decurrent, sepals mucronate, fiume
glabrous not toothed. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 890. 1? E. himalayanum, Koy

. 150. .

Western India, from SoH and the PANJAB to SrwLA, ascending to 8000 ft. in
LrrrLE Teer, near Iskardo.—Distrrs, Westward to Algeria and throughout Europe
and temperate N. Asia; introduced elsewhere. bl

Pubescent and glandular. Branches short or long, sometimes 2-3 ft. Leaves o ong,
pinnules 7-11 pairs sessile; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious. Pedun i
many-flowered ; pedicels hoary; bracts small, connate, ovate, hyaline. Sepals 5-nerved,
margined. Petals obovate, unequal, bearded at the base, purple, often spotted, ^
of carpels 5 times as long as the cell, scabrous outside, almost glabrous above, pl
with a concentric fold. Seeds very smooth; cotyledons 3-lobed.

2. E. ciconium, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 646 ; annual, leaves pinnatisec
pinnules pinnatifid decurrent, sepals awned, filaments ciliate not toothed.
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 891.

Pawgas, near Kohat in the Salt Range, Stewart.—Disrnrs. Westward to Syria, the
Caucasus, and S. Europe. . bed;

Pubescent and viscid. Branches stout, ascending. Leaves ovate, pinnules x re
stipules ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, scarious. Peduncles longer than the at ,
2- œ-flowered ; bracts scarious, mucronate, ciliate. Sepals ovate, membranous, WI js
glandular hairy nerves with long cilie and a long rough awn. Petals purple, ohare
Carpels subulate at the base, glabrous, with white hairs and a glabrous scar É io
tip, pits without a fold; beak very long, scabrous outside, with brown hairs at the top
and longer setz below.

3. E. Stephanianum, Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 645; annual, lana
2-pinnatisect segments decurrent acutely toothed, sepals awned, filam
ciliate toothed on one side. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 475 in part. HE:
Hy ESTERN TisEr, Ladak and Nubra, alt. 11-12,000 ft., T'homson.— D18TRIB. Siberia,
ina
: : al 4
Pubescent and pilose. Branches diffuse. Stipules cuneate, acute, ciliate. Peduncles?
flowered ; bracts linear, reflexed, ciliate. Sepals ovate, 5-nerved, ciliate, awn long.
as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, nerved, ciliate at the base. Carpels hisp! "les the
glabrous, minutely aciculate.—The Siberian specimen in Herb. Kew. resembles |

" c
ibetan, and does not accord with Ledebour's description as to the stamens, bán
however, Chinese specimens do.

tt Leaves not pinnatisect.

b

4. E. tibetanum, Zdjew.; annual’, leaves 3-fid velvety benest ;

sepals obovate obtuse not awned, carpels not pitted below the beak. TS
| Wasrens Twer, Falkoner; Ladak Valley below Hanle, alt. 12-15,000 ies

son, Hay. . . stipules

Hoary, almost stemless. Leaves oblong-ovate, more or less inciso-crenate ; gt

cuneate, scarious, ciliate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2- or more-flowere ellipti

ciliate. Sepals pubescent, with a small knob in place of a mucro. om

Erdium.] XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 435

exceeding the sepals. Ovary silky. Carpels brown, stipitate, with stiff white hairs,

spliton the back; beak 1-1 in. long, 3-4 times the length of the cell, rough on the

outer side, in the inner side with long brown hairs and a few sete, hairy to the tip.—
resembles E. chium and egyptiacum, which differ in their mucronate sepals.

5. E. malacoides, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 648 ; anuual, leaves 3-fid or
lacerate shortly pubescent, sepals awned, carpels pitted below the beak.
Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 893.

Pangan, Falconer ; Indus'Valley at Attok, Peshawur, and Hazara, Stewart.—
ISTRIB. Westward to S. Europe and N. Africa.
Softly hairy, hairs on the stem deflexed. Stems erect or diffuse, elongate,
ranched. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, shortly appressed-pubescent, lower
cordate ; stipules large, scarious, acute or obtuse. Inflorescence- glandular; peduncles
"many-flowered ; bracts ovate, scarious, ciliate. Sepals membranous, two outer 5-
and three inner 3-nerved, awn hairy. Petals ciliate at the base, obovate, lilac, 9-nerved.
ents glabrous, lanceolate. Staminodes linear. Ovary hairy. Carpels stipitate,
3-gonous, setose ; beak 4-5 times as long as the cell, with stiff brown hairs for 4 of its
length ; pits with a deep fold.

** Beak of carpels plumose on the ventral face, with long soft cilia.

€ E. stipaceum, Zdgew. ; hoary, annual, leaves oblong crenate-
toothed lobed. or unequall pinnatifid, sepals silkily hoary apiculate, fila-
ments ciliate 5 inner the roadest, carpels slender hispid with transverse
Wrinkles at the tip of the valves, beak very long.
xL em Tiser? Vigne (Herb. Falconer); Pansag beyond the Indus in Bannu

2^ cot Woody, but apparently annual; branches straggling. Leaves }-1 in., variable in
Pe, oblong or linear-oblong ; petiole slender. Peduncles several-flowered ; pedicels
eu, Flowers jin. diam. Sepals concave, strongly 3-nerved. Petals narrow-cuneate,
palling the sepals, Filaments subulate, ciliate, the inner series much the largest and
est. Fruit 3-4 in., slender, erect ; carpels slender, narrowed into a stipes, terete,
kes ey grooved at the base of the beak, covered with stiff hairs with swollen
^» oeaks membranous, silky, hairs fulvons.—4A very close ally of Monsonia hetero-

. 5 notwithstanding the different stamens. .

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Koa VIOLÆFOLIUM, Turz. Mosc. Bull. xxxvi. i. 592. “ Cæspitose, diffuse, pilose,
88 petiolate cordate obtuse sinuate-lobate crenate, with scattered adpressed hairs,
zo 3-5-flowered, calyx aristate, fruit densely hairy."— Western Peninsula, Per-
meng Root fibrous, stalk 4-5 in. long, arista not plumose when young. — Speci-
not seen, only known from the above (? Monsonia senegalensis).
t. PIDAGIRICUM, Schlecht. Herb. Ind. Or. 1560, is an introduced Cape Pelargo-
* grossularioides).

5. OXALIS, Linn.

xcd herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves radical or alternate, stipulate or ex-
for ý compound, usually 3-foliolate. Flowers on axillary l- or more-
ered peduncles, regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous,
all red. Glands’ of the disk 0. Stamens 10, free or united at the base,
: ‘uther-bearing. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled ; styles 5, distinct, stigma ter-
With ], Capitate 2-fid or laciniate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell. Capsule
flesh cidal dehiscence, valves persistent to the axis, Seeds with an outer
embry Coat which bursts elastically, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ;
& Ame Straight.— DISTRIB. Species about 200, chiefly tropical and temperate
erican and S. African. . TA

436 XXXII. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) [Oxmalis.

1. O. corniculata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 692; appressed-pubescen’,
diffuse, creeping, leaves 3-foliolate, stipules adnate to the petiole, odom :
2-o»-fid, petals yellow notched. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 866 ; Wall, Wight Ie
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; W. d: A. Prodr. 142. O, repens, Thunb. ; Ww 1e.
t. 18. O. pusilla, Salisb. ; Roxb. l.c.

Throughout the warmer parts of Inpra and CEYLON, ascending the Himalaya to 7000
ft.—Distris Cosmopolitan. :oled : leaflets

A very variable weed, abundant in cultivated places. Leaves long-petio s ilow
obcordate. Flowers subumbellate. Sepals obtuse, bracts setaceous. Pet i Van ,
obcordate. Fruiting-pedicels depressed. Capsule tomentose, subcylindric, cells many
seeded. Seeds transversely ribbed.

2. O. Acetosella, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 700 ; pilose, stemless, ron
creeping scaly, leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets broadl obcorda hois
pules large broad membranous, peduncles 1-flowered, petals white. .
FT. Orient. i. 806.

Temperate Himalaya, from Kasur, alt. 8000 ft., to Srkxrw, alt. 812,000 ft.
Distrib. N. Asia, Europe, N. Africa, N. America. cle axil-

Petioles 3—6 in. ; leatlets 41-8 in., obcordate, often purple beneath. —_ blong.
larv, slender, 2-bracteolate about the middle. Flowers 4-3 ir. diam. Sepa 4 o claw,
Petals obovate, white or pale-rose, veined with purple, eros, cohering above the
Capsule erect, cells 2-3-seeded. Seeds longitudinally ribbed.

3. O. Griffithii, Zdgev. £ Hook, f. ; pilose or villous, rootstock creep
leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets triangular retuse, stipules sm
lanceolate, peduncles 1-flowered, petals white.

Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Buoran, Griffith ; Srxxr, in woods, alt. 8-10,000 ft
J. D. H.; Knasra Mrs., alt. 5-7000 ft., H. f. & T. . ar, and
Very similar to O. Acetosella, but the whole plant more hairy, leaflets triangular,
stipules small.

6. BIOPRY' TUM, De Cand.

Annual rarely perennial herbs, with simple or branched stems prine
abruptly pinnate, fascicled or almost whorled at the top of the inal;
leaflets opposite, oblique ; petiole swollen at the base, Peduneles ten anceo:
pedicels umbelled. Flowers small, yellow, rarely purple. Sepals 5, maller.
ate, acuminate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, filaments free, 5 outer blong of
Styles 5, stigmas notched at the apex or 2-fid. Capsule ovoid or o cading
subglobose, splitting loculicidally sometimes to the base into 5 d America.
valves. Seeds as in Ozalis,—DistRrB. Tropical Asia, Africa, an nd the
Species about 20; various species have sensitive leaves which, the rela-
leaflets, close downwards. The flowers are dimorphous as regards
tive length of the styles and stamens.

. mal
* Stem simple, Leaflets rounded or merely apiculate at the tip, the ter!
pair usually the largest. carl

1. B. sensitivum, DC. Prodr. i.690; leaflets 6-15 pairs oblong ” Sor
straight except the terminal tip apiculate or not, peduncles long much
not clubbed at the top; flowers shortly pedicelled, sepals usu Ji
exceeding the capsule, seeds with obliquely transverse tube all.

Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 457 ; W. & A. Prodr. 162; Bot. Reg. xxxi. t. 695
Cat, 4343 C, E. . |

Biphytum.] XXXII. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook.f) = 437

Throughout the hotter parts of Inpra, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Himalaya, and
EXLON.—DisrRIB. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America.
_ Stems long or short, slender or robust, hispidly pubescent. Leaves 14-5 in. ; petiole

spidulous or merely ciliate ; leaflets very variable in size, 1-3 in., sometimes arched
a little upwards, nearly equal at the base except the terminal one, which is obovate and
oblique at the contracted base, nerves few or many rather oblique often waved.
Peduncles very variable, +5 in., hispid, sometimes swollen at the tip; bracts rigid,
Setaceous ; pedicels usually shorter than the sepals, sometimes equalling them or a
little longer. Sepals rigid, subulate-lanceolate, grooved, glandular and hispid. Petals
usually twice as long as the sepals, vellow (sometimes purple?). Capsule elliptic,
shining ; cells few-seeded. Seeds very variable, minute, with transverse oblique acute
or obtuse ridges that are more or less broken up into tubercles.

Var. 1. Candolleana ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, more or less strigose or appressed pilose on
the upper surface, seeds both tubercled and grooved. B. Candolleanum, Wight IU. i.
161, t. 62; Wall. Cat. 4343 D.— Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. .

AR. 2. assamica; leaves 3-7 in., leaflets 7-15 pairs glabrous, petiole and rachis
ret glabrous, seeds turbinate smooth acutely furrowed, flowers yellow. Wall. Cat.
-—Assam.

Van. 3. nervifolia ; leaflets about 12 pairs glabrous, nerves few strong and waved
beneath as in B, Apodiscias. B. nervitolium, Thwaites Enum. 64,—Bengal, Ceylon.

t. Edgeworth, who has laboriously studied the Indian forms of this genus, distin-
guishes ag species—1, B. Candolleanum, described above; 2, B. sesbanioides, Edgew.
mss (Wall. Cat. 4343 A), with ciliate downy nerved leaflets, and (judging from dried spe-
cimens) purple flowers; 3, B. Cumingianum, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc., with 6-15 pairs of
glabrous leaflets, and 4, B. poterioides, Edgew. mss. (Wall. Cat. 4343 B) which is stem-
“ss With 6-12 pairs of glabrous leaflets, strongly nerved beneath, purple petals and

not tubercled seeds with forked furrows.

2. B. Apodiscias, 7urcz, in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi i. 599 (Aposcias by
error) ; leaflets 5-7 pairs small shortly and renifurmly obovoid widening
towards the rounded tip, nerves beneath few strong horizontal waved, pedi-
Te sessile, seeds with scattered tubercles. Oxalis sessilis, Hamilton in

al. Cat. 4344. O. Petersii, Klotzsch in PetersaMossamb. Reis, Bot. t. 5.

y su, at Monghir, Hamilton; Assam, Grifith; Kuasta Mrs, alt. 3-5000 ft.,

An - T.; Mysore and Carnatic, G. Thoms. Herb. .
noual, Stem 1-2 in., slender. Leaves 1-14 in., crowded ; leaflets rather coria-

Ya. pale, the lowest smallest orbicular-ovate, the middle ones truncate at the base,

terminal with a contracted oblique base and much arched midrib ; petiole puberu-
us P lowers à in. long. Sepals exceeding the pedicels.—Probably only a state of
: vensitivum, approaching var. nervifolium, but distinguished by the small size, arched
drib of the leaflets, absence of peduncle, and simply tubercled seeds.

3. B. adiantoides, Wight mss. ; leaflets 12-25 pairs linear-oblong tip
Ped aed very unequal "at the base, midrib straight, peduncles slender,
pedicels equalling the sepals.

ENASSERM, at Mergui, Grifith.
pil very distinct and Sarge en; stem, petiole, rachis and peduncles ienamiote and
sho ts iin. long, sides nearly straight, base obliquely truncate, ower edge
rb Upper long, sometimes produced into an obscure lobe at the anterior margin.
slender, with a clubbed mass of bracts at the apex, Flowers imperfect.

1 B. Re i. 476 ; leaflets 10-20 pairs oblong tip
rounded u. M the t. dlabrousn midrib straight, nerves slender oblique,
in Uncles slender, pedicels equalling or exceeding the small Bowers,
per. almost equalling the small se O. sensitiva, Zucc. in Munch.

nks. ix. 183, t. v. B, Q. Reinwardtii, Zucc. in Munch, Abhand, i. 274.

438 XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Biophytum.

O. Metziana, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack. 144, O. gracilenta, Kurz in wá
As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 68. O. sensitiva, Wall. Cat. 4343 F, H.—
Hort. Mal. ix. 33, t. 19.

Throughout the hotter parts of India, as far to the N. W.as GARWBAL; and in CEYLON.
—Disrris. China, Java. . les, and
But distinguished from B. sensitivum by the graceful habit, slender peduncles, sy
small flowers with the capsule not much overtopped by the sepals. The seeds Mob
amount of furrowing and tubercles exactly as in B. sensitivum. The following
varieties are regarded as species by Mr. Edgeworth :— . " 2i part
Var. 1. Reinwardtii proper ; seeds spirally furrowed. O. Reinwardtii, Zucc. n part.
O. sensitiva, Linn. Herb. in part ; Wall. Cat. 4343 B 2.
Van. 2. nervioides; seeds deeply furrowed and tubercled. :ch should be
era 3. Metziana; seeds turbinate 5—7 furrowed tuberculate.— To which show
added—
Var. 4. gracilenta; seeds tubercled not furrowed.

** Stem usually branched in a proliferous manner. Leaflets usually cus-
pidate or acuminate ; the terminal pair generally shorter than the rest.

5. B. nudum, Arn. in Nov. Act. Acad. Ces, xviii. 326; stem %
simple or branched, leaflets 15-30 pairs linear-oblong obliquely abre "i
cuspidate equal at the base, midrib straight, nerves close-set, pecic it
equalling or exceeding the sepals, seeds tubercled not furrowed. "9

ll. i. 161.

Cryton, Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft. .

Apparently annual. Stem 6-18 in., sometimes as stout as a goose-quill, often
lately branched. Leaves 2-3 in., rachis tomentose; leaflets 4 in., glabrous, ils in
thickened, base truncate, Peduncles slender, pubescent ; pedicels pilose. Sepals š ins
scarcely exceeding the globose capsule.

umbel-

rgins

6. B. proliferum, Arn. in Nov. Act, Acad. Ces. xviii. 327 ; stem slender
prostrate copiously dichotomously branched from a woody stock, idrib
short, leaflets very small 5-10-pairs oblong obliquely cuspidate, mgeeds
nearly straight, base equal, peduncles very short usually 1- owered, §
tubercled not furrowed. Wight Ill. i. 162:

CEYLON, alt. 6000 ft., Walker, Gardner, &c. it,

A remarkable species, easily recognised by its excessively branched prostrate ha d
slender branches, minute leaflets, and solitary, rarely geminate flowers. Brane lly gla-
peduncles pubescent. Leaves rarely 1 in., in whorls; leaflets & in. long, asua han
hrous above; nerves oblique, slender. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves nity this `
the very slender pedicels. Sepals hairy, about as long as the leaflets.—I iden yig t's
v ith Arnott's plant on the faith of two specimens thus ticketed by himself a, flets as
Herbarium, though Arnott describes the umbel as 2-5-flowered, and the prse
pilose above, and does not allude to the remarkable smallness of the foliage; w
suspect that he had both this and the following under his eye.

a

7. B. intermedium, Wight IU. i. 162; branches very numerous p
stout woody rootstock slender dichotomously branched, leaflets equal,
pairs linear-oblong abruptly cuspidate, midrib somewhat arched, base
peduncles usually exceeding the leaves several-flowered.

Cryi.on, Walker. š i

A much larger plant than B. proliferum, of a very different habit, haviné ei
arching branches arising from a woody stock as thick as the finger. Leaves e lose-s€
leaflets 1-3 in., glabrous or pilose above, margins sometimes ciliate, nerves € i-
oblique; petiole ciliate with long hairs. Flowers three times as large as 1n ntaivs à
ferum.—I have identified this by specimens in Wight's Herbarium; which co

Biophytum.) | XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 439

somewhat similar plant (described below as a variety) from the Pulney Mountains that
differs in being apparently annual, and having more pilose foliage.
? Var. 1. pulneyense ; annual, stem simple below subumbellately branched above,

leaflets slightly hairy above. O. sensitivum, Herb. Wight Kew Distrib. 302.—
Pulney Mts.

Var. 2. verticillatum; annual?, stem dichotomously branched, leaves and leaflets
smaller often much ciliated on one or both surfaces. B. verticillatum, Wight Ill. i. 162.
—B. sensitivum var. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4343 I.

8. B. polyphyllum, Munro in Wight Til. i. 162; silky and villous,
stem stout umbellately branched, leaves long very narrow flexuous, leaflets
minute 30-50 pairs shortly falcate-oblong gradually and obliquely acuminate
terminal pair much the smallest.
Noni Mrs., at Kundalis, Munro.

n exceedingly curious and distinct species, remarkable for the slender, flexuous
leaves, 2-3 in. long, and very minute crowded leaflets, } in. long, which are not
abruptly cuspidate as in the preceding species ; rachis villous with long hairs.

6* AVERRHOA, Linn.

Trees, Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate with a terminal leaflet ;
leaflets subopposite. Flowers small, regular, in panicled axillary or ramal
cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, contorted. Glands 0. Stamens 10,
united at the base, all perfect or 5 without anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celied,
Without a beak ; Styles 5, distinct, stigmas capitate ; ovules numerous in the
cells Berry oblong, 5-lobed. Seeds naked or arilled, albumen scanty,
flest y; embryo straight.—DisTRIB. Three or four species, of which two are
“plously cultivated in many hot countries, probably both natives of the

*w World, in which alone is a native species found. Very likely both
' Were introduced by the Portuguese into India.

A, CARAMBOLA, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 689; leaflets 2-5 pairs ovate or
ovate-lanceolate acute glabrous and glaucous beneath, fruit with acutely
gled, lobes, seeds arillate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 450; W. A. Prodr. 141;
ap For. Flor. 45; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. 39.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iii.

, .

In gardens throughout the hotter parts of INprA as far north as Lahore.—Native

LA mall omn le stout, pubescent

small tree, densely branched. Leaflets 14-3 in.; petiole stout, pubescent.

I owers chiefly axillary. variegated white and purple. Calyx glabrous, half as

the as the petals. Stamens 10, 5 shorter without anthers, or sometimes 1 or 2 of

24 se longer and antheriferous. Ovary pubescent. Fruit 3 in. long, yellow; aril

s », 'acerate.—'l'wo varieties are known, sweet and sour. The former is eaten
™ and cooked. Leaflets irritable to the touch.

it Bumer, Linn. ; DC dr. i. 689 ; leaflets 5-17 pairs oblong or
linear-lanceolate neuminvate m beseent beneath, fruit with 5 rounded lobes,
Dot arillate, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii. 451; W. € A. Prodr. 142; Brandis
°”. Fl. 46; Beddome FI. Sylv. t. 117.— Rheede Hort. Mal. 3, t. 45.
sa gardens throughout the hotter parts of INDIA, also naturalized as an escape.—
ve country unknown,

7. CONNAROPSIS, Planch.

Trees or : i - leaflets coriaceous, quite
š shrubs. Zeaves pinnately 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets cori ,q
ure, strongly nerved, ripis aet vei: at the base, margined. Flowers minute.

440 XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Cennaropsis.

regular, in terminal and axillary panicled cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate, connate
at the base. Petals 5, imbricate. Glands 0. Stamens 10, filaments united
at the base, the alternate shorter. Ovary 5-angled, 5-celled ; styles 5,
subulate, stigmas apiculate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit fleshy, 5-lobed.—
Distris. Three species, all from the Malayan archipelago,

1. C. monophylla, Planch. in Herb. Hook. ; leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets
ovate obtusely acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, panicles pube-
rulous of slender spiciform erect branches.

Matacca, Griffith, Cuming, Maingay. . . d

A small round-headed tree. Leaflets 2-3 in., quite entire; petiole § m., soar:
Panicles 3-5 in. long. Sepals pubescent. Corolla suburceolate ; petals oblong, blood-
red, tips subrecurved. Ovary pilose. Fruit obtusely angled, 5-furrowed ; endocarp
fibrous, sending outwards fibres which reticulately divide the sarcocarp. Albumen
copious; embryo green, radicle terete. ( Descr. chiefly from Griffith's notes.)

, .2. C. Griffithii, Planch. in Herb. Hook. ; leaves 3-foliolate ovate %
elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate opaque above, panicles short broa
tomentose. Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 166 (name only).

Maracoa, Griffith, Maingay.

A small tree. Branches woody, bark black. Leaflets 23-33 in., pale, pubescent, "
are their short petioles ; nerves remote ; petiole 3 in., that of the leaflets jin. Info res
cence ferruginous. Flowers usually all autheriferous. Stamens usually on the old woo r,
3 in. long, brown purple. Fruit 2 in., yeliow.—Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, gat
il. 69), considers that this should bear the name of C. diversifolia, because 1t was :
described as Rourea diversifolia by Miquel (F1. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 528), a view I cano
adopt, seeing that Miquel put it not only in a wrong genus, but in a wron N tC
Order, and that the trivial name diversifolia is not applicable. Moreover, dou is
Griffithii being the same with Miquel's plant, which fatter has lucid leaves, whera
those of C. Grifithii are singularly opaque.-— Fruit acid, eaten cooked, pickled or P
served with sugar. Leaves irritable to the touch.

8, IMPATIENS, Linn. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Herbs, rarely shrubby at the base, Leaves opposite or alternate, 1n purs
whorled, in others all radical simple, exstipulate, or with stipular gian
at the base of the petiole. Flowers in scapes, or in axillary or terme
1-2-many-flowered peduncles, irregular, resupinate. Sepals 3 rarely 5, ly

ral 2-lob

iate in

. 1 1 e
men 0; embryo straight.— DrsTRIB. Mountains of trop. Asia and Africa, san
in temp. Europe, N. America, N. Asia, and S. Africa ; species about " ;

The species of Impatiens are difficult of determination, in a dried state ospet ers
and for Beddome’s I am chiefly dependent on his published platon, Mana following
t thers. : Liv.
arrangement is that suggested by myself in the Journal of the Linnean Society vi by

p- 106 (Dec. 1859), with the addition of the Peninsula species subsequently e inte wo
Beddome, and with the important change consequent on dividing the gerad a chiefy

Impatiens,] XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminec, Hook. f.) 441

lateral sepals (or 4 when present); Lip for the spurred sepal; Standard for the petal
next the axis; and Wings for the combined pairs of lateral petals,

ConsPECTUS OF SECTIONS.

Series A. Capsule ellipsoid or oblong, short, (rarely š in.) turgid in
the middle. Seeds rounded, often with a shining brittle or hairy testa,
— Chiefly Peninsular, Ceylon and Khasian species.—Capsule slender in J.

Kleini, trilobata, and perhaps in a few other species of group zr.

A L—SCAPIGERJE. Root-stock tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical.
oe ponder ; flowers racemed.—All Western Peninsula and Ceylon.

À m.—Oprosrrrorræ. Annual. Leaves all opposite, or the upper rarely
all whorled in threes (never alternate), usually acutely serrate. Pedicels
Solitary or fascicled. „Seeds few, large, testa black glabrous.—The pedicels
à Mawn, salicifolia, and others are sometimes arranged on a short pe-
uncle. (Sp. 10-25.)

y A UI.—ŞUBVERTICILLATÆ®. Annual. Leaves all opposite or subopposite,
; the lower alternate and upper opposite or whorled, rarely all alternate.
uncles 1- or more-flowered. Seeds often villous or hairy. (Sp. 26-36.)

a IV.—UNIFLOR#. Mostly annual eaves all alternate, usually rather
t. Flowers solitary or fascicled ; pedicels not crowded on a common
peduncle, (Sp, 37-53.)

Ay —LATERIFLORÆ, — Leaves all alternate, rather distant, not all ap-
hoximate or whorled. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 rarely 4-5-flowered ; flowers
mose (not umbelled) (Sp. 54-57.)

AR —EprPHvTrGx, Succulent short stemmed epiphytes. Peduncles
com, OWered. Standard and wings very small; lip very large, laterally
Pressed and saccate,— Western Peninsula. (Sp. 58-60.)

Pe UwnziiATE AND S L ll alternate, rarel
; SUBCAPITATE. eaves all alternate, rarely
mone often crowded at the end of the stem or branches and almost
biet; a lowers in peduncled dense racemes or subumbelled corymbs ;
(Sp. DR conspicuous,—Chiefly Western Peninsula and Khasia Mts.
P 2 Qn. Raczwos x. Leaves usually crowded upwards, all alternate.
fow moles many, subterminal, elongate, at length exceeding the leaves, many-
ered. Flowers racemose, rarely whorled or fascicled. (Sp. 77-87.)

wate B. Capsule elongate, linear or clavate, rarely shortly clavate
coriaceo ong or obovoid, compressed ; testa usually rugulose, opaque,
(Capsu] us, quite glabrous.—Chiefly Himalayan and Khasia Mts. species.
E e doubtful in I. tropeolifolia, Griff.)
a foe woe POSITIFOLUE AND VERTICILLATH. Leavesall opposite or whorled or
Often lernate,—Stout, tall, succulent, annual species, with subumbelled,
Purplish flowers on long peduncles, (Sp. 88-91.)

esta UxiLon, Leaves all alternate. Flowers solitary or rarely
*5 on slender axillary pedicels. (Sp. 92-94.)

ed pj A XILLIPLOR, Leaves all alternate. Flowers in axillary 2-4-flow-
uncles, not umbelled or racemed. (Sp. 95-106.)

449 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (S Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens.

Briv.—SuBUMBELLAT.E. Leaves all alternate, very rarely opposite.
Peduncles usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches, many-
flowered. Flowers in interrupted racemes, subumbelled or whorled, often
large purplish, small and yellow in Z. radiata. (Sp. 107~111.)

B v.—Racemosm. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite. Peduneles’
usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches. Flowers often
small, in uninterrupted racemes, usually yellow. (Sp. 112-122.)

A. Capsule short, trapezoid or ellipsoid.
A 1.—SCAPIGERE.
* Spur shorter than the flower or 0. Wings 3-lobed, except in I. orchioides.

1, I. Beddomei, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves, orbicular or reniform-
cordate, bracts obtuse or subacute, standard short broader than long,
wing-lobes 3 subequal retuse, spur incurved clavate obtuse. I. scapilior
W. £ A. Prodr. 137 in part ; Wight Ill. t. 967; H.f. & T. in Journ. Lana.
Soc. iv. 118 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43, not of Heyne. m»
a antains of MALABAR; near Dodabet, Coonnoor, and elsewhere in the Nilghiris,

ight.

i foot high or less. Leaves 1-4 iu. diam., fleshy, quite entire or obscurely iria ut
serrate; nerves flabellate. ’acemes 1-4 in.; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicels slender.
Flowers Y in. diam. ; sepals broadly and obliquely ovate; wings with three mbega
short truncate retuse lobes; spur rather shorter than the flower. Capsule } in, elliptic
Seeds minute, granulate.—Being obliged to find a new name for this beautiful plant,

mE selected that of Col. Beddome, who has made the Peninsular species his spec?
study.

2. X. modesta, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 13; Ic. t. 968; leaves d
cordate acute crenate-serrate sparsely hairy above, bracts with ang
tips, standard short broader than long, wings with 3 subequal obtuse 10
spur recurved short obtuse. I. tenuis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. set. 2, 1V. 9%
t. 7, f. 12; Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31. bills,

Mountains of Mararan; Nilghiri, and Sivagherry hills, Wight. Anamallay
alt. 5-7000 ft., Beddome. inus 08

A foot high or less. Leaves 1-5 in.; basal lobes rounded, with a rounded millay;
each side of the petiole. Scape very slender; raceme 1-2 in.; pedicels, oap! ink;
bracts much smaller and narrower than in Beddomei. Flowers § in. diam ag
sepals small. Capsule $-} in., elliptic, acute at both ends. Seeds minute.
pubescent on the surface, Beddome.)

3. X. Stocksii, 77. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 119; very sm
quite glabrous, leaves orbicular oblong or broad-ovate obtuse crenat spit
acute or rounded, bracts acute, standard orbicular, lip boat-shape
less. Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 42,

Mountains of the Concan, Law, Stocks. in. diam; fi

Much the smallest of the Scapigerous section, 1-4 in. Leaves i3 d cat feels
obtuse or rounded, nerves flabellate ; petiole as long or shorter than the blade; roadly
thick for the size of the plant; bracts small, ovate. Flowers few, 3-6. rhomboid;
ovate, obtuse; standard as broad as long, not very concave, obtuse, rathes À ellipti
wings with three obtuse lobes, the lower rather the longest. Cap EO
turgid, acute. Seeds minute, linear-oblong. I pi
. Je ft:
4. I, crenata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 69, t. 7, 4 poe ved
Ind. Or. p. 31; leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate crenate,

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACER. (Š Balsaminem, Hook.f.) — 443

slender few-flowered, standard broader than long very concave, spur short
obtuse, I. Akka, Beddome, l.c. 69, f. 11.

MALABAR, in the Anamallay and Akka Mts, alt. 5-8000 ft., Beddome. ——
have not seen this species, which Beddome describes as perhaps not distinct from
; Stocksit; from which, however, it seems to differ in the large flowers, long scapes,
short pedicels, shape of the standard, and presence of a distinct spur, as well as in ihe
habitat, Though originally described as different plants, Beddome subsequently united
is Z. crenata and Akka, which according to his descriptions differ in the first having
Ty nerves on the leaves above, short petioles, and a crenate standard; both have
‘ry upper surfaces of the wings and large flowers (how large is not stated), pure white
with a blue tuft of hairs in I. crenata.

5. X. orchioides, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31, t. 151; leaves ovate-
cordate obtuse acuminate very hairy above, bracts ovate, standard ovate,

ngs with two subulate tails, lip saccate spurless.

Koondah Mts, in MALABAR, near Avalanche Ghat, Beddome. .
aves 14-2 in., glabrous beneath, crenatures bristle-pointed ; petiole very long.
L e 6-7-flowered ; pedicels very slender. Flowers § in. diam., like those of a
ars, reddish-brown ; sepals ovate; standard obtuse, not vaulted ; wings with a
midiate-oblong blade produced into two pendulous tails longer than itself; lip acute.

ne contracted at both ends. Seeds minute scrobiculate.—Description from Bed-
2", who describes the sepals as small, but figures them as remarkably large for the
82e of the plant,

** Spur longer than the flower. . Wings 3-lobed (except in I. acaulis).

0 tL acaulis, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 325 ; glabrous, leaves
lol Ar ovate-cordate or oblong, base acute rounded or cordate (not deeply
wasqa standard obovate very concave, wings 2-partite terminal lobe
» Spur very slender. Thwaites Enum. 68; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.

si 05H. f. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 118 ; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or.
i l L Scapiflora, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3587; W. & A. Prodr. 137, in part.
t proe, Moon Cat. 18. I gracilis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 69,

M

Junta; . :
the fore of the central province of CExrow; alt. 3-5000 ft., and of MALABAR an

i. variable in size an 2-12 in, high. Leaves 1-6 in.; usually on
"ad Petioles, more or less renale. Soape stout. S 'Racemes 1-4 in.; bracts broad;
tran stout, Lin. Flowers 1-14 in. broad ; sepals broadly ovate; standard short, broa er
unata “288 variable in the length and breadth of the segments, which are fa ate and
tuds. TJ Spur very slender, variable in length. Capsule 1-5 in., ellipsoid, acute a A oth
Sribes thew tes suspects that the Ceylon plant cannot be scapiflora, because P lic de

‘ight Š Spur as several inches long, but in some of our specimens it attains Hine :
fora, "pa Arnott, in the Prodromus, apparently confound acaulis with the mue . scapi-
ving oblige !5 so much diversity in the foliage of specimens which the parti
th ges me to refer to this species, that I cannot but repeat that this and, e
aves AM may prove to be forms of one. Some have the orbicular reni orm
Tua T heap iflora, others the ovate-cordate and pilose leaves of T. rivalis (notat y
ong le Nh. 2595), others the elliptic leaves of J. rivalis, var. 2, and still ot e he
determi, es With rounded sinus oF I. Denisonii. The species of this group canno ; e
td poor from dried specimens. Beddome (Te. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31) states that T. acaulis

^5 “could never be confounded except in dried specimens.

T I. oe
When 2Piflora, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464; leaves
Nanded : cordate or reniform. sinus usually deep and broad above tip
With 3 pobseurely crenate serrate, standard large orbicular rhomboid, wings

Segments, spur very slender.

444 XXXII. GERANIACEX. (S Balsamineæ, Hook. f) [Impatien.

Mountains of MALABAR, Heyne ; Bababud, Herb. Rottler. . N

A specimen of this plant in Rottler's Herbarium, labelled by himself “ T. scapiforo
Heyne," may, I assume, be regarded as authentic for the plant discovered by >
author of the species. It is certainly not the plant which bears this name-in the
Linnean Journal (see T. Beddomei), which has a short spur and 2-partite wings ; 1t ev
tirely resembles round-leaved forms of J. acaulis, except in the 2-partite. wings. <
leaves are evidently fleshy, obscurely crenate, with radiating nerves; the bracts thick,
and scape and pedicels stout. Flowers 1 in. diam.; segments of wings recurved-falcate
linear, rather broad, tips rounded.

8. X. rivalis, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 13, t. 8; Ic. t. 751; leaves
ovate-cordate with an acute sinus or a rounded base or elliptic and acute s
both ends crenate-serrate usually hairy above, standard broader than ong
yaulted, wings 3-partite, spur very long. Z. £. & T. in Journ. Linn.

lv. 119,

Mountains of the Concan, Canara, MALABAR, and Travancor, alt. 5-8000 ft. d

Very variable in stature, 6-18 in. high. Leaves extremely variable in form a
pubescence, feather-nerved, never orbicular-reniform with a broad sinus as 1n I. p
flora and Denisonii.—Except by the wings I do not see how some specimens pid
distinguished from J. acaulis, but Beddome says they “ never could be confound 31)
cept in dried examples;" he reduces his verrucosa to this species (Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. Wi i
I hp? 1 leaves 2—5 in. ovate-oblong hairy acute, base rounded or cordate. M9

c. t. 757.

Var. 2. leaves 4-8 in. elliptic acute at both ends, petiole as long very stout.
Concan, Stocks. sur-
F Var, 3. leaves 3—4 in. ovate-cordate, wings with a batch of warts on the upper

I. verrucosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iv. 69, t. 7, f. 9.

9. I. Denisonti, Bedd. Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 151; leaves ovate-cordall

Nironmi Mrs. ; abundant in the Sisparah ghat, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome. , the Jed
Apparently very near to T. rivalis, differing in the deeply 2-lobed base o e wi
smaller flowers, (3 in. diam.) with much narrower and longer segments to t as in J

and in the curious filiform appendages of the latter that descend into the sper s
racemosa, and which are no doubt concerned in the process of fertilization,
that Herb. Wight. Kew Distrib, 310 is referable to this, not to T. acaulis.

A I.—OPPOSITIFOLIÆ.
* Spur as long as the flower or longer.

10. I. chinensis, Linn. ; glabrous, stem angled, leaves all s linean, |
subsessile linear-oblong or obovate, stipules setaceous, Sepa ^ vey |
standard orbicular, wings semi-obovate entire base auricled, oe Tit. |
slender incurved, Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 42; H.f. & T. mn Jou W.4
Soc. iv. 119. I. fasciculata, Lamk. Dict. i. 359; Wight Ic. t. 748; Fi. |
Prodr, 138; Hook. Bot. Mag. t, 4631. I. heterophylla, Wall. in Rony t, 137
ed. Carey, ii. 458 ; Cat, 4748, I, setacea, Coleb, n Hook. E 20 sede Hor, |
Aeshna fasciculata and B. chinensis, DU. Prodr. 1. 686.— |

. 1x. t. 47. |

Concan to T
Buoray, Griffith; mountains of the Western PeninsuLa, from e quas»
vancor, alt. 5-8000 ft; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 83-5000 ft.; Burma, Wallieh ; |
Hefer; Maracca, Griffith.— Disrumm. China. rooting prostat |

A very variable and beautiful plant. Stem 4-16 in., erect from a |

Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f£) — 445

base. Leaves 4 to nearly 4 in., serrate, linear-oblong obovate or almost rounded,
sharply serrate, acute or obtuse, base acute rounded or subcordate, glabrous or sparsely

iry, rather thick, glaucous beneath, basal serratures often setaceous ; stipules subu-
late, gland-tipped, recurved. Pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves, solitary or

icled, fruiting deflexed. Flowers 4-1 in. diam., rose-purple or white; perianth
flat ; lip boat-shaped. Capsule 1-3 in., elliptic, turgid in the middle. ¿Seeds many,
shortly oblong, smooth, nearly black, shining.— The Linnean type is a straight broad-
leaved form, but the narrow-leaved occurs in China.

ll. I. Grifüthii, 7. f. & T. i» Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 190 ; lower leaves
Opposite petioled uppermost sessile whorled in threes, all narrow linear-

neeolate, sepals ovate-oblong acuminate, standard broad obcordate
Spurred behind, wings broadly 2-lobed, spur long filiform.

Haaren PentnsuLa; Mounts Ophir and Gerai, &c., alt. 3000 ft., near Malacca,

; &c.

À beautiful species, closely allied to J. chinensis, but very distinct in the foliage, all

“caves being narrowed at the base, and the upper in threes; they are 11-4 in. long,
tather thick, whitish beneath, glabrous and somewhat hairy on the upper surface, as is
the stem sometimes, teeth remote, lower setaceous. Pedicels solitary, very rarely in

pars. Flowers 1 in. diam., perianth flat, rose-lilac. Capsule unripe, like that of
L chinensis,

12. I. Gardneriana, Wight Ic. t. 1050; nearly glabrous, stem creeping
at the base, leaves whorled in threes sessile or shortly petioled ovate-
ain acute sharply serrate, sepals short, standard obovate apiculate
do Y winged, wings 2-lobed, lobes similar obovate retuse, lip boat-
Shaped with a long slender spur. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 121.
P.

ere below Sisparah in the western slopes of the Ninemmu Mrs, Wight &
ner,

i4: ^, Procumbent at the base and rooting, simple, ascending. Leaves 14-2 in.,

distinctly petioled, very sharply serrate, ciliate towards the base. Peduncles longer

25 š € leaves, filiform. Sepals ovate, acuminate ; wings very short and subequally

neither of the lobes clawed, the terminal rather the larger. Capsule oblong,

wv. il, pointed, glabrous.—] have seen no specimens of this plant; that so named in

á hts erbarium and distributed from it (No. 312) is an opposite-leaved species, with
ery short spur, and wholly differently shaped wings.

13. rx, setosa, 77. f. 4. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123; stem branched,
leaves a]] opposite or uppermost whorled most of them long petioled elliptic-
[sug ate acuminate distinctly serrulate, upper sessile with long cilia at the
ws Stipules of many setz, standard suborbicular with a dorsal wing,

Fo broad, spur very slender.
alt. 3-400108 of MALABAR; Agamalay, near Palaghautcherry, Wight ; Sisparah Ghat,

A t., Beddome, .
px erect branched annual, 1-2 ft. high; stems below as stout asa goose. quill
ow glabrous, minutely dotted with black ; branches opposite. Leaves 2-4 in., the

°P on petioles 4-1 in.; petiole and both surfaces sparse M pubescent, margins at the

. "Dd stem at the upper nodes with long cilia. Pedicels quite glabrous, solitary or

j Slender, equalling the leaves. Flowers 1 in. diam. ; perianth rotate, violet- urple;
ing, her large, ciliate, apiculate; standard suborbicular, with a broad dorsal wing ;
Very hak 3-lobed ?: spur curved upwards. Capsule (diseased) 1 in. long, terete,
er,

l4 r Kleinit, ; der, branched, nearly gla-
a I . Prodr. 140; slender, ,
hor? leaves all md usually petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblong M
of 3 ate acute or acuminate distantly serrulate, pedicels glabrous, stipules
glands or obsolete, flower small, sepals linear-subulate, standard s

446 XXXII. GERANIACEJE. (S Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens

orbicular, wings with long claws broadly obovate almost entire, spur
slender, capsule narrow. Wight Ic. t. 884; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
iv. 122; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43. I. tenella, Wall. Cat. 4746 B. Balsa-
mina minor, DC. Prodr. i. 686.—Rheede Hort, Mal. ix. t. 50, 51.

Mountains of the Western Peninsuxa, from the Concan southwards, common in the
rains. :

A slender herb, rarely 1 ft. high; branches opposite, spreading. Leaves 1-24 in,
very variable, glabrous or pilose above, glaucous beneath, rarely sessile, usually trait
rowed into a slender petiole. Pedicels slender, solitary or twin, reflexed. in y
Flowers 4 in. diam., violet-purple ; spur hardly exceeding the flower or longer, arr *
less ascending. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid-lanceolate. Seeds few, subglobose, w
shining.—The small flower, long spur, entire clawed wings, and small capsule wit ice
globose seeds together best distinguish this variable plant. I never find the pedi
to have a line of pubescence as in J. tenella and inconspicua.

15. I. diversifolia, Wall. Cat. 4749 ; diffuse with ascending branches
quite glabrous, leaves all opposite faintly serrate lower shortly pes
elliptic or oblong obtuse, upper sessile linear-oblong or ligulate base i,
date, sepals linear acuminate, standard small, wings broadly semi-050V?
spur long filiform. W. £ A. Prodr. 139; H. f. & T. in Journ. Lut
iv. 121. I. heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 4748 B. “I. Arnottiana, Mig. n 116
Hohenack. 275. alt;

igit,

WESTERN PENINSULA, from Canara to Marasan, Heyne, &c. ; Quilon,
Bababoodan hills, Law. 4-3 in,

Stems very succulent, a foot or more long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves riatures
the lower smallest and usually petioled, upper often dilated at the base, edi in
rarely well defined, all very flaccid when dry; stipules obscure, glandular. rev
solitary or twin, with a faint line of pubescence, usually longer than the leaf, metimes
in fruit. Flowers 2 in. diam. ; perianth rosy, rotate; spur ascending, 31 turgid.
thick, inflated, equalling or exceeding the flower. Capsule 4 m. baw mire jum
Seeds globose, dark brown, smooth, shining.—Copious specimens 1n Wights thb small
prove this to be a very variable plant, sometimes of considerable size, and not ro
species it was assumed to be in the Linnean Journal. Some specimen’, P i
gathered in marshy places, have very thick succulent stems and large leaves,
when dry, and others are very slender with leaves not } in. in breadth.

16. I. ligulata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 67, t. 7, f.6; ile
Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 149 ; branched, erect, glabrous, leaves uniform Mies
linear-ligulate mucronate base cordate remotely serrate hispid peque
Setaceous or 0, pedicels with a pubescent line, sepals linear, termin
standard small, lateral wing-lobes broad almost hatchet-shape ywer stout
very slender descending into the spur, spur as long as the #0
incurved.

Mountains of Travancor and Maranam, alt. 1-2500 ft., Beddome. ] very uniform

Stem 1-2 ft. ; branches slender, spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., horizonta ‘petioled lower
in all the specimens, though probably the species occurs with broad an P
leaves. Pedicels 1 or more, very slender, about half the length of the bii, Cap
about 1 in., pink or white; standard with a dorsal pubescent line; spur bate ben dry it
sule ellipsoid, swollen in the centre. Seeds about 12, glabrous, shining tates of I. *
is difficult, except by the spur, to distinguish this from narrow-leave f the spur,
conspicua, tenella, and oppositifolia ; and, except from the breadth o «2 wingobe
I. diversifolia, it being difficult to make out the curious structure 0, 7.7 peddome #
(that descend into the spur), except on fresh specimens. .Acco d descend into the

gure it is the terminal lobes that are reduced to narrow ligulze an 1 lobe ; they a?

spur ; but asfar as I can make out from dried specimens, it 1s the satiate dat the ap™

orm, much longer and more slender than Beddome represents, and

Inpstiems] XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 447

** Spur shorter than the flower or 0.

17. I. tenella, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4746 A; small, slender, erect,
rous, leaves all opposite sessile or shortly petioled ligulate oblong or
neeolate remotely serrate, stipules obscure or 0, pedicels with a line of
pubescence, sepals linear acuminate, standard short, terminal lobe of wing
clawed elongate lateral small, spur shorter than the flower, capsule clavate
Pointed few-seeded. W. € A. Prodr. 140; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.

Iv 123, 1T. rosmarinifolia, Retz; Wight Ic. t. 750. I. tenuicula, Steud.
Nom, ed, 2, i. 804,

Mountains of Maranan, Heyne; and the CoscAs, Jacquemont.
tem 4-10 in., simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 1-4 in., the upper or all nar-
Tow, sessile with a subcordate base, the lower (rarely all) usually narrow anceolate and
Petioled. Pedicels 1-3, solitary or fascicled, capillary, erect horizontal or deflexed in fruit.
Flowers about jin, pink? Capsule glabrous, 1 in., straight, long-beaked. Seeds few, orbi-
cular, compressed, shining, black.—A very obscure plant, probably a variety of I. Kleinii,
Intermediate between it and Z. inconspicua. There is aspecimen in Rottler’s Herbarium,

acted T. longiflora, Heyne, from Bababud, Wight's J. rosmarinifolia? has a very
ort spur,

Var. br . he fl capsule shorter 1 in.
ellipsoid achycarpa ; spur very slender as long as the flower, cap 1

acute at both ends. Herb. W. ight. —Cochin, Johnstone, Mysore, Lobb. Leaves
la. long, ligulate from a cordate sessile base in Cochin specimens.

18. I. incons icua, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4741 ; flaccid, glabrous, much
branched from the base, leaves serrate lower ovate or oblong and petioled
upper linear sessile or all ovate or all linear, stipules setaceous or 0, pedi-
eS Very slender shorter than the leaves with a line of pubescence, sepals

carsubulate, wings with a broadly rhomboid obovate clawed terminal
P and small lateral lobe, lip saccate acuminate not spurred. W. & A.
n 3139; Wight Ic. t. 970; Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 43. I. pusilla, Heyne
m Wall, Cat, 4745 ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 122. I. filiformis,
uA A. Prodr. 140. T. mysorensis, Roth in Wall. Cat, 4743 in part. I. Per-

tetti, Purcz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. 594.

38000 prine 9f the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to MALABAR; common at
t.

4-12 in., robust or slender, erect. Leaves 1 -4 in., upper always narrowed and
OC remotely serrate, often very slender, glabrous or pubescent above, pale or glaucous
eath. Podi always with one line of pubescence, solitary or geminate, shorter
eei leaf, deflexed In fruit. Sepals very long and narrow; wings with a large

Vin, taa most obovate clawed terminal lobe, and small linear lateral one. Capsu
» turgid in the middle, acute at both ends. Seeds few, almost globose, but a little
and pressed, black shining.—Of this very variable plant there appear to be two extreme
w lad, t y distinct forms, but the Wallichian specimens, which are all under-size , are
quoted at I cannot satisfactorily determine to which of them any of the synonyms
kav above should a ply. One of these two forms is usually shorter, and has all he
ELT “tile , ovate or ovate-lancediate, and sharply oie t» it is eim L in

ight’s Icones, t. 970, I. tenella of Heyne, accordi

iin Rottler's Herbarium, but certainly not Rotiler’s tenella. The other extreme
rounded much larger, with leaves 14-2 in., narrow-ligulate, remotely serrate, o ten
differs v, ^ SUbcordate at the base; this is the Z. filiformis of Wight's Herbarium, u
te description in Wight and Arnott in the pedicels not being confined to the
an a. leaves, J. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 4743 B, is a very small state of ineomapicud
tomentosa true plant, Z. ramosissima, Dalz., referred in the Journ. Linn. Soo. to I.
é form alz, is another form, with a minute rudimentary spur. Between the ex-
& the misra there are innumerable connecting links ; and I retain the name TM ficu,
‘opts the applicable, the flowers being amongst the smallest of the genus. à ome
* synony my of the Prodromus for J. inconspicua, and says that he does no

448 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Zmpatiens.

know J. tenella (Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 82). Upon the whole, I am disposed to separate the
varieties as follows :—

Var. 1. inconspicua proper; stem 4-8 in. asually more robust, leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate petiolate strongly serrate, peduncles usually short. I. inconspicua, Wight T.
t. 970.

Van. 2. pusilla; smaller, lower leaves more or less petioled lanceolate and serrate,
upper longer narrow subsessile remotely serrate. I. pusilla, Heyne im Wall. Cat.
4145.

V aR. 8. filiformis; slender and much branched, leaves subsessile very long slender
ren.otely serrate the lower sometimes petioled and lanceolate. I. filiformis, W. & 4.
Prodr. 140 (a small few-flowered form). .

Var. 4. ramosissima; robust, much branched, leaves uniform short sessile oblong
obtuse at both ends, lip with a very minute spur. T. ramosissima, Dalz. in Hook. Kew
Journ. Bot. iii. 230.

19, I. oppositifolia, Linn.; erect, leaves subsessile narrow-linear
elongate remotely serrate, or the lower oblong or linear-oblong and petioled,
stipules subulate, pedicels quite glabrous, sepals linear acuminate, wings
with a broadly-obovate clawed terminal lobe and a small lateral one, UP
conical ending in a short stout incurved spur. Wight Ic. t. 883; W. £ A.
Prodr. 139; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 43; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. V.
121, I. rosmarinifolia. Retz. Obs. v. 29; Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.
325. Balsamina rosmarinifolia and oppositifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686.

Mountains of MaraBAn, Canara, and the Concan, alt, 3-5000. CEYLON, abundant
from the sea-level to 7000 ft., Thwaites. ` : I do

‘This is another plant so closely allied to J. tenella and inconspicua, that the
not see how they are always distinguishable, in a dried state at any rate, except by
spur and glabrous pedicels. Ceylon specimens are remarkably uniform, 12-18 1n., e”
simple or sparingly branched, stipulate with very narrow leaves 1}-3 in., flowers e
in. long (from standard to tip of wings), and a short stout incurved spur; but Pens "
specimens have more often broadly oblong shortly-petioled leaves, sometimes rou» b
the tip. Rottler's specimens are excessively slender and flaccid. The spur 18 tolerabiy
uniform in all, being horned, and the peduncles invariably glabrous; the capsu? this
seed are quite like those of 7. inconspicua. I had (in Linn. Journ.) referred to
W ight’s figure of 1. rosmarinifolia, t.750, which I am now disposed to refer to J.
or inconspicua.

20. I. reticulata, Wall. Pl As, Rar. 19, t. 19 ; Cat. 4750 ; glabrous
stem erect from a creeping base fleshy simple or branched, leaves <
opposite upper subsessile linear-oblong acute cuspidate-serrate base Te : té
lower often shortly petioled, sepals narrow linear, standard ovate a° me
wings clawed, claw with a hooked process (lateral lobe) on each mange
terminal lobe orbicular clawed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into 4 š
incurved spur.

Prev near Rangoon, Wallich; Moutmern, Lobb. 1-1] in

Stem 6-12 in. ; branches opposite or alternate, obscurely 4-angular. Leaves itin
lower often narrow-obovate acute. Flowers | in. diam., rosy, nodding ; fro h ends
duncles deflexed. Capsule { in, ellipsoid, turgid in the middle, narrowed at Very
and beaked at the apex, glabrous. Seeds few, subglobose, testa black shining- Soc;
nearly allied to I. oppositifolia, with which I have confounded it in Journ. Lor. wey
but the character of the 2 small lateral falcate recurved lateral lobes on each wings
remarkable. I describe them from Wallich’s figure, and assume Lobb’s plant
same, a point which can only be determined from living specimens. à

, u

21. I. Lawii, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 122; ere erat
branched, leaves short sessile or subsessile ovate or oblong 5u sepals
sparsely scabrid above, stipules 0, pedicels with a line of hairs,

lupatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER. ($ Dalsamine:e, Hook. f.) 419

linear-lanceolate, standard orbicular cuspidate, wings with very broadly
obovate subsessile terminal and small lateral lobes, lip boat-shaped
spurless, Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43.

Bababoodan hills in MarAnam, Lav.

Annual, 8-10 in. Stem rather stout, glabrous. Leaves 3-1 in., smaller upwards,
acute, glabrous and pale beneath, the upper often cordate at the base. Pedicels about
equalling the leaves, sharply deflexed in truit. Flowers $ in. diam. across the wings.
Capsule iin, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, unripe, apparently as in J.

leiuii, — Very distinct from any of the preceding specimens of this section in the form
of the wings.

, 22. I. Dalzellii, H./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 193; erect, spar-
ingly branched, quite glabrous, robust, leaves subsessile lower elliptic-

nceolate, upper ovate or oblong-lanceolate from a broad or cordate base
spinulose-serrulate, stipules 0, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard sub-
orbicular hooded winged at the back, terminal wing-lobe clawed, lip boat-
shaped with a very short spur. Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 43.

Mountains of the Concan, Dalzell. . . .

stout, 10-18 in. high. Leaves 3-5 in, sometimes 1} in. broad, acuminate,
basal serratures often with long cilia. Pedicels solitary or fascicled on a very short
frit eduncle, quite glabrous, shorter than the leaves, apparently not deflexed E
fruit. wers about 4 in across, yellow (structure not well made out). Capsules
nearly $ in. ellipsoid. Seeds few, very large, broadly oblong, black, shining. —A very
sunet species, which differs from all of this section in the often fascicled peduncles an
very large seeds, ‘

23. X. tomentosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4751; more or less tomentose,
leaves nearly uniform very shortly petioled elliptic- or oblong-ovate acute
yr obtuse serrulate hispid above glabrous or tomentose on the nerves

Death, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard oblong, wings with a broa
Sessile terminal and small lateral lobe, lip saccate. Dalz. à? Gibs. Bomb.

:43; Wight Ic. t. 749 ; H.f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 121 (excl, syn.
of ramosissima) ; W.d& A. Prodr. 139. I. rufescens, Benth, in Wall. Cat.
137; W. €. A. Prodr. 138 ; Wight Ic. t. 969.

Mountains of MALABAR and Travancor, alt. 3-7000 ft., common in swamps. hai
bm 4-8 in., usually simple, erect, more or less clothed with crisped rufescent aire
A which also appear on the pedicels and often on the nerves of the leaf beneat '
wr yt in, short, uniform, obtuse or acute, more or less scabrid or tomentose, w 34 e;
Pit beneath few, Pedicels always solitary, longer or shorter than the leaf, e, exe

fruit. Flowers very variable in size, longest di»meter (3-3 in.) through the n "
round 9t its being so saccate, more or less pubescent; wings short, terminal o re
im. ed; lip obtusely conical. Capsule and seeds as in T. oppositifolia, c.— Wig
NI à short apical spur in J. rufescens, but I do not find it in any of the specimens,
other 1 hot think that tomentosa and it are separable as permanent varieties. n e
that it - d, Night's figure of T. rufescens differs so much from that of his Z. tomentosa,

aR PS best to rank these provisionally as varieties. . .

it : tomentosa ; flower i in. long from ip of lip to that of standard, wings with an

E Wigs lobe incumbent on a large terminal one, lip saccate with a shor

c

Witte rufescens; flowers twice as long as in var. 1, lip shortly saccate spurless.

M x co ¿ branches opposite, leaves
ifm, “OMCinna, X, f.; small, glabrous, branches opp ,

hero, ., PDOsite subsessi e ovate or ovate-cordate acute ply serrate,
8 rong beneath, sepals dimidiate-lanceolate as long as the lip,

VOL, 1, 9rbieular spurred, wings 2-lobed, the terminal unido P cad

450 XXXII. GERANIACEJE. (S Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

ovate, lip boat-shaped with a very short curved spur. I. Gardneriana, Wight
Herb. not of the Icones.

Mountains of MALABAR, Wight. E i

Annual, erect, 6-10 in., rather stout; branches opposite, ascending. Leaves 14 het
lower serratures almost setaceous; stipules setaceous or obsolete. Pedicels rat w
shorter than the leaves. Flowers } in. diam., remarkable for the length of the ir 9
apparently purple. Capsule erect, 4 in., acute at both ends, very turgid in the middle.
Seeds very few and large, subcompressed, rather broader than long, testa black shining.
— This has much the habit of T. tomentosa, but it is glabrous with ovate very sou
serrate leaves, and different flowers. The pedicels show no disposition to be deflexed.

25. I. salicifolia, H. f. £ T, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 124; Aie
stout, tomentose, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate serrate all opposite ^
loweropposite upper whorled, peduncles solitary or fascicled on a commo
peduncle sometimes 2-flowered, stipules subulate or 0, flowers large, se
subulate-lanceolate, standard obovate keeled, lip deeply saccate Wl
short stout hooked spur.

Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c. . nate at

Stem stout, 1-2 ft., with spreading opposite branches. Leaves 2—5 in., acum “he
both ends, membranous; tomentose or glabrate on both surfaces, serratures smh ^ ask
basal long-ciliate. Inflorescence very variable, of slender 1-flowered pedicels t a ae
solitary or fascicled or collected into a many-flowered axillary cyme, with subulate í the
teoles. lowers dark purple, nearly triangular in profile, and 3 in. from the tp 0 77"
spur to that of the standard. Capsule Š in., elliptic-lanceolate. Seeds imme

f salicifolia, Turcz., published in the Moscow Bulletin in the year previous t0
(in the Linnean Journal, 1860) is, I suspect, Z. Balsamina.

a

A 111.—SUBVERTICILLAT.

* Peduncles 1-flowered. See I. parvifolia in **.

26. X. latifolia, Linn. ; tall, stout, erect, branched, quite glabrous, inn
subopposite end whorled petioled ovate-lanceolate crenate, sepals ed lip
cuspidate, standard broad 2-lobed spurred behind, wings broad 2-lob roy
boat-shaped, spur long slender straight or incurved. Wall. Cat, T. in
W. & A. Prodr. 138 in part; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 44; H.f. Ind. 93.
Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 124 (excl. some syn.) ; Mig. IU. Flor. Arc 7, t 741;
L. cuspidata, W. & A. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321; Wight Iet 7?

t / p. D ; ort,

Thwaites Enum, 65. Balsamina latifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686.—R

Mal. ix. t. 48, 00 ft. ;
Mountains of the WESTERN PENINSULA, from Concan to TRAVANCOR, alt. 3-70 d

CxxLos, alt. 4-7000 ft.—Disrrin. Java, fid. Miquel. branches

A robust Plant, annual? 2-3 ft. high; stem as thick as the finger below,
alternate. Leaves membranous, 2-5 in., acuminate, base always acute ord larget
often setose. Flowers 1-1} in. diam., pale purple, perianth rotate. Stand ^
than the wings, which have a large retuse basal and narrower terminal lobe 5 long com-
as is the spur. Capsule 1 in., elliptic, turgid, quite glabrous. Seeds few, large, ob ,
pressed; testa thick, opaque, reticulate,——A Nilghiri specimen of Gardner f the large
cilia on the petiole and alternate leaves. Thwaites remarks the variability o t. 0625,
lobes of the wings. I have not cited under this the Z. latifolia of Bot. J € gpeci
which has very alternate leaves, and must hence be referred to J. flaccida. das
are undistinguishable in herbarium specimens, though so different 1n the seeds.

' leafy;
27. I. Leschenaultii, Wall. Cat. 4739; almost shrubby» ied
glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate spreading and recurve! :
ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute crenate, sepals ovate

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACEH. (Š Balsaminee, Hook. f) — 451

standard 2-lobed spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur
slender incurved. W. £ A. Prodr. 136 ; Wight Ic. t. 9:0, bis; H. f. & T. in
Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 195. Balsamina Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. i. 686.

Mountains of MALABAR and Travancor, alt. 3-7000 ft. .

A very near ally of 7. latifolia, but I think distinct, espeeially in the excessively
branched and leafy habit, much smaller, crowded, usually recurved leaves, and smaller
flowers and capsules. De Candolle is, no doubt, wrong in assigning Ceylon as a
habitat, except, indeed, he took J. latifolia for this. Leschenault, its discoverer, col-
lected in the Peninsula,

28. I. lucida, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4728; nearly glabrous, flaccid,
stem very slender, leaves chiefly opposite and whorled petivled ovate or
ovate-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles very slender, flowers small,
Sepals ovate acuminate, standard suborbicular beaked entire, wings 2-lobed,
lip boat-shaped with a long incurved slender spur. I. latifolia, W. £ A.

TOUT, 138,

Mountains of the Western PrxissULa, from the Concan to MALABAR.

umerous specimens of this from Law, Stocks, Wight and others, show it to be a
li different species from J. latifolia, being much smaller in all its parts, 4-8 in.
high, sparingly branched, very slender and flaccid; with a small flower 3 in. diam., and
è small entire orbicular standard. The crenatures of the leaf, which is sparsely hairy
pore, are rarely setigerous. A specimen in Rottler's Herbarium bears the name
"ida, Heyne, and station Courtailum, spelled Kuttalam. This may be a form of
‘Saccida, with the leaves sometimes opposite.

n Peduncles 2—o rarely l-flowered. See I. fimbriata and janthina w
Vil,

29. I. radicans, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4763; pubescent, stem simple
erect leafy, leaves opposite subsessile stipulate lanceolate acuminate serrate,
Ey macles horizontal, flowers 1-4 large, standard galeate, wings small,

i I wecate obtuse, spur short hooked. H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
» 126,

Kuasta Mrs,, in marshes, alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c.
autiful species, 10-18 in., more or Jess crisply hairy on the stem and leaves
joove, rarely glabrate. Stem square. Leaves 1-3 in., sometimes ovate- or oblong-
po ceolate, the serratures often ciliate, pale beneath ; stipules of 2 fascicles of soft gland-
"Ded seta. Peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, with as many lanceolate brac-
assia as there are pedicels, Flowers nearly 1 in. across and as deep, purple ; sepals
“y variable, dimidiate-ovate or lanceolate, straight or falcate ; standard with a dorsal

Conical obtuse horn or gibbosity ; wings 2-lobed ; li y obt longer than broad ; spur
y; zs 2-lobed ; lip very obtuse, long
arved, Capsule 3 in. glabrous, elli psoid, turgid in the middle. Seeds oblong, com-

Pressed ; testa pale, membranous.
30. T. trilobata, Coleb, in Hook. Exot. Flor. ii. t. 141 ; tall, alternately
branched, almost glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate all or the lower
y long-petioled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate crenate-serrate stipulate,
“pawa eS horizontal, flowers 2-5 large, sepals minute subsetaceous, standard
Cat. ate, lip saccate obtuse or conical, spur long or short. att.
" 4762 A, and 4763 (Pundua) ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 126.
rop

ical Sikkim Hoa 0 ft., and Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. .
ad very Variable and benutilul species, 1-2 ft. Leaves membranous, sparsely hairy
the qp, "€T 2-5 in. usually long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate “a
Magee’ More often sessile lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, all often ciliate towards the

; Stipules usually of large tufts of soft cilia. eduncles very slender, shorter than
Which nae? bracts minute or 0. Flowers 3-3 in. from base of lip to tip of standard,

?rned at the back, bright violet-purple ; wings 2-Jobed, but not dem notched

459 XXXII. GERANIACEX. (5 Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens.

on the inner margin, lobes rounded-oblong, sometimes elongate ; lip very variable, some-
times conoid and produced into a slender curved spur, at others obtuse, abruptly spurred,
or gibbous above the spur. Capsule and seeds as in (92) J. tripetala.—The figures in
the Exotic Flora represent etiolated flowers.

31. I. flavida, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 197; erect,
quite glabrous, leaves opposite and 3-nately whorled all long-petioled
ovate-lanceolate minutely serrulate, stipules obsolete, flowers 2-4-subum-
belled yellow, bracts recurved, standard obovate, wings small, lip saccate
obtuse, spur stout incurved. Wall. Cat. 4763 (with I. trilobata).

EASTERN Benoa; Simer and Cacuam, in woods, Wallich, &c.; Misami Mrs. and
Upper Assam, Griffith. ,

A branched annual, not easily distinguished in a dried state from states of T. trilo-
bata, except by the leaves being more constantly quite glabrous above, the stipules being
obsolete, and the leaves not ciliate towards the base. Peduncles often opposite an
usually erect; bracts apparently always recurved. Flowers in. from the base of t ;
lip to the tip of the standard, dirty gamboge-yellow ; spur thick, hooked; wings with
rounded lobes, the terminal purplish.

32. X. verticillata, Wight in Madr. Jour, v. 15; glabrous, erect,
leaves opposite and in whorls of 3 and 6 short-petioled narrow-lanceolate,
stipules subulate, flowers umbelled, wings broad 9-lobed, terminal lob
elongate, lip boat-shaped with a long very slender spur. H. f. & T.
Journ. Linn, Soc. iv, 129.

Mountains of Mazasan; in gravelly beds of streams, at Sivagherry, Wight; Cocas, »
Johnstone. B

Herbaceous, diffuse: stem 6-18 in., subsimple, naked below, swollen at the jo!
Leaves 4-6 in., usually 4-6 in a whorl, much narrowed at both ends, ciliate-ser
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2-% -flowered, bracts subulate. Flowers 1 m. gany
crimson, perianth subrotate; standard suborbicular-oblong; wings deeply 2-lol ar
terminal lobe elongate, dimidiate-oblong ; lip boat-shaped ; spur $-1 in., nearly strag
or with an incurved tip, very slender indeed. Capsule erect or inclined (oblong uus
5-angled, Wight).

33. I. Goughii, Wight Hl. i. 160; Ic. t. 1603; small, slender, iem
glabrous, leaves mostly opposite petioled ovate crenate-serrate, pe eri rd
capillary viscid exceeding the leaves 4—6-flowered, flowers minute, stan
obovate retuse, wings 2-lobed, lobes short truncate and retuse, lip, vad
shaped with a straight spur shorter than the flower. Z... £ T. n art
Linn. Soc. iv. 130, I. pulniensis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ii. 176. I. ana "
layensis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ w.8. iv. 68, t. 7, f£. 8; Jc. Pl. Ind. Or.

t. 150. I. cirezoides, T'urez, in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i, 594.

Mountains of MaramaR and Travancor; Nilghiri Mts. at Pycarrab, Gough
Anamallay and Pulney Mts. by streams, alt. 7-8000 ft., Beddome. «c itself

A very slender glabrous simple or branched annual, 4-8 in. high, supporting ^
amongst herbage (Wight). Leaves 4-3 in., petiole half as long or longer, penne ,
base rounded, nervesgew, serratures not ciliate; stipules obsolete. Peduncles tè seta
often numerous. wers }-} in. diam., 4-8, umbelled, pink; bracts min? ^ ith
ceous; sepals minute, falcate; standard mucronate in the retuse apex;
very variable lobes, the lower 2-lobed according to Beddome ; spar .8ho lot
flower. Capsule 4 in., erect, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, eg
hairs.—Beddome (lc. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 32) identifies his Z. viscosa with Gough's ©
specimens of Í anamallayensis are certainly identical with Gought?, and p rese
to me to be a d fferent plant, with a long spur; his figure of anamallayensis tep which
a coarser plant than his specimen, with very hairy upper surface of the m in his
however, he describes as having but few distant hairs: he further describes which i
loones (not in the Madr. Jour.) as having a ligulate appendage to the win

nts, terete.
te-serrate.

Inpatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Š Dalsamine:w, Hook. f.) 453

hidden in the spur. The wings are probably very variable: the drawing in Beddome's
cones does not resemble that in the Madr. Journal (and neither are like Wight's

ure); there is a short subulate process on their inner margin, close above the spur,
Which may descend into it.

34. I. viscosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. N.3. iv. 68, t. 7, f.7; stem petioles
and peduncles viscidly pubescent, leaves opposite long-petioled elliptic or
ovate obtuse or acute subcrenate, peduncles exceeding the leaves 6-12-
flowered, flowers minute umbelled, standard suborbicular, wings 2-lobed
terminal lobe the largest clawed, lip conical, spur curved gibbous longer

n the flower, seeds echinate,
Anamallay hills in MALABAR, alt. 3500 ft., Beddome.
robably a variety of J. Goughti, from which it differs in the stem and branches and
sometimes the leaves being viscid, the usually larger size, faint crenatures of the leaves,
onger spur, and (according to Beddome) the echinate ripe sceds which are matted with
ir when young. The wings are, as usual, very variable, sometimes exactly as in
Wight's figure of Goughii, and there is, as in that plant, a subulate process on their

mer margin close to the base, which is hidden in the lip.

35. I. parvifolia, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. N.S. iv. 66, t. 7, f. 1; Jc. Pl. Ind.
Or. 39, t. 142 ; glabrous, small, stem very slender branched, leaves alternate
and opposite very small ovate coarsely crenate-serrate, peduncles axillary
much longer than the leaves, flowers 3-5 very small racemose, standard subor-

icular, wings with a large triangular terminal lobe, lip boat-shaped, spur
Short blunt, seeds villous,

Matanar; on rocks at the top of the Akka Mts., alt. 8-8600 ft., Beddome. .

Much the smallest known species. Stem 3-6 in., apparently prostrate. Leaves $-3 in.,
9pposite and alternate, sessile or petioled, the lower usually opposite and upper alter-
Date. Peduncles very stout and long for the size of the plant, often 1-14 in., spreading,
axillary, solitary ; bracts minute. Towers } in. diam., pale pink with a crimson blotch
9n the wing; sepals falcate; standard small vaulted; wings with a small upper and

* terminal lobe; li greenish. Capsule apparently as in Í. Gouglii.— Description

taken chiefly from Bed. ome, In the Kew specimens the peduncles are almost always
Biugle-flowered,

36. I. eireseoides, Wall. Cat. 4772; small, glabrous, stem simple,
leaves few opposite long-petioled broadly ovate subserrate, peduncle solitary

filiform, flower subracemose, sepals orbicular acuminate, standard small,

NUES large, lip concave, spur very short. H. f. £ T. in Journ, Linn.

Sx. iv, 130,

TENASSERI .

M, at Tavoy, Wallich ; Prev, ‘Clelland. . .

wem Yery slender and quite simple, 4-6 in. Leaves 2-4 pairs, 2 by 1}-1} in. gla-

vs With a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, glaucous beneath acute, hin ures
pg, ate, nerves many slender; petiole very slender; stipules obscure, dular.
3 “dunele shorter than ihe leaf; bracts small, ovate; pedicels short. lowers about
Copie White? ; é ; inal lobe of wing long-clawed, pendulous.
Ca ’ ; sepals green; termi . f t wos.
ihe short—The above is an imperfect description, the specimens being very

ent,

A IV.—UNIFLORE.

Spur much shorter than the flower or 0, sometimes longer in Z. Bal-
ym, and Z. leptopoda, d
7. I. Bals ‘an. ¢ pubescent or glabrate, leaves petioled nar-
TOW-laneeo]ate eL deeply "serrate, petiole. glandular, flowers rose-
b oured, sepals broad-ovate minute, standard orbicular retuse, wings very
is ad latera] lobe much rounded, terminal sessile very large, lip A
noid, spur short or long and slender incurved, capsule tomentose. W.

*
sam

454 XXXII. GERANIACEX. ($ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Impatiens,

A. Prodr. 135; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 130 ; 1I. Lobbiana and
salicifolia, Z'urcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1859, i. 270, 271.

Throughout tropical and subtropical Innra and CrEvrow.—Disrmim. Malay Islands
and China. . . :

'The common garden Balsam isa very variable plant in habit, pubescence, ne i
colour of flower, breadth of leaf, shape of lip, and length of spur. Capsu °: n
ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose or woolly. Seeds globose;
black, opaque, tubercled.

VAR. 1. vulgaris ; tall, leaves broadly lanceolate, flowers large, spur short. T Baer
mina, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind.i. 651; Wall. Cat. 4731. Balsamina hortensis, DC.

i. 685.— Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 52. . : d

Van. 2. coccinea; leaves narrow-lanceolate, flowers medium sized, spur m E Bat.
slender. I. Balsamina, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 44. I. coccinea, Wall. M ; Vall. Cat.
Mag. 1256. l.cornuta, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4133. I. longifolia, Wight m >
4734. Balsamina coccinea and cornuta, D C. Prodr. i. 685-6. 1 Bowers small

Van. 3. arcuata ; diffusely branched, leaves small narrow.Janceo pu dr. 136—
spur long slender arcuate. I. arcuata, Wall. Cat. 4785; W. & A. Prodr.
Western Peninsula. ur short. —

Var. 4. macrantha; small,4 in., leaves ovate-lanceolate, flower large, sp
Western Peninsula. all

Var. 5. micrantha; small, stem simple, leaves small ovate-lanceolate, flowers sma’,
spur long slender.—Western Peninsula. :

AR. 6. rosea ; tall, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers rather small, lip saccate,
short incurved. I. rosea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 27.—Westera Himalaya.

spur

38. I. scabriuscula, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, W. mg i
erect, branched, tomentose, leaves petioled lanceolate or obovate 2-lo
peduncles short, sepals minute, standard orbicular winged, winks. Arn. in
ip boat-shaped tomentose, spur 0. Wall. Cat. 4729, 4736, m par pet.
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 322; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 29, t. 144; 4-J-
in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 131. alt.

Mountains of MALABAR, from the Southern Concan to Wynaad and Kurg,
24000 ft. . i-2 in;

Usually much branched from the base, 4-10 in. high. Leaves uniform ses } in.
petiole hardly glandular, variable in length. Peduncles short, scabrid. j Tong eilip-
diam., pink ; sepals, lip, and standard usually very hairy. Capsule $ D" tercled.
soid, mucronate, villous. Seeds few, globose ; testa opaque, dark brown, tu

4 909; ost

29. I. glandulifera, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. M. 322 alte
shrubby, leaves subterminal 4-8 in. glabrous ovate or ellipae t axillary
acuminate serrulate, petiole very long glandular, flowers facie d spurt
and shortly pedicelled, sepals subulate, standard orbicular 2- oh ]f-obovate
behind,wings 2-lobed laterallobe small rounded, terminal broad hà 66; A.f
pendulous, lip saccate hairy, spur short minute. Zhwaites Enum. 4623, not
d: T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 131. I. cornigera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. '
of Arnott,

Central province of Ceyton, alt. 4-6000 ft. tures very small
Stem 2-3 ft, very robust. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, WR u Flowers
ciliolate and setigerous ; petiole 1-3 in., usually with pedicelled glan la e green spuf
coloured, 14 in. long; pedicels pubescent, short; standard with a argo unknown
behind; lip sometimes conoid and almost glabrous; spur involute. Cap b

ru

,

40. I. macrophylla, Gardner in Bot. Mag. t. 4662 ; almom, Eš neath
stem very thick, leaves subterminal 6-16 in. usually puboses ar, flower?
ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, petiole very long glan »lled sepals
mostly fascicled on the stem below the leaves shortly pediceite’,

Impatiens.) XXXII, GERANIACER. (Š Balsaminez, Hook. f.) 455

minute, standard small elliptic acuminate with a long beak, wings very
small 2-lobed included in the lip, lip saccate, spur short involute. H. f. &
T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 132. L glandulifera var, ? Arn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. i. 323.

Mountains of CEvrLonx, alt. 5-7000 ft.

Stem as thick as the thumb, 10-12 ft. high, naked below. Leaves very like those of
T glandulifera, but even larger, and petioles as in it, with pedicelled glands. Flowers
š in. long, orange-red, quite glabrous, with a remarkably small beaked standard and
Wings. Capsule | in., very turgid, straight, beaked, quite glabrous. Seeds not ripe.—
À noble species in habit and foliage.

1l. I, repens, Moon Cat. 18; glabrous, creeping, diffusely branched,
eaves long-petioled ovate cordate or reniform, pedicels very long, standard
orbicular spurred behind, wing-lobes short broad, lip subconoid, spur short
curved. Wight IU. i, 160, t. 61; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4404; H. f. & T. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 132. |

Southern and Central parts of CEYLoN, at no great elevation. .
.A slender creeping much branched and perfectly glabrous plant. Leaves 4-j in.

kno acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers yellow, 3 in. diam. Capsule and seeds un-
nown.

42. I. leptopoda, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321; erect,
branched, quite glabrous, slender, leaves long-petioled ovate or lanceolate
acuminate crenate-serrate, pedicels long axillary subsolitary, flowers
small, standard obcordate spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed broad hori-
zontal, lip boat-shaped, spur long or short. Thwaites Enum. 65; H. f. & T.
t Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 132, I. brevicornu and I. gibbosa, Arn. l.c.

Mountain woods of CEYLos, alt. 5-8000 ft. .

flaccid variable herb, 1-3 ft. high ; stem often prostrate and rooting at the base,
Sometimes almost woody below. Leaves 1-3 in., membranous, sometimes ciliate to-
Wards the base, young usually puberulous, nerves many; petiole very variable in length,
Sometimes with Stipitate glands. Flowers about 4 in. diam. ; pedicels very slender;
Perianth rotate, rosy; sepals small, oblong-lanceolate ; lobes of wings subequal, flat ;
"Pur sometimes š in., and very slender, at others reduced to a mere tubercle. Capsules
m., erect, ellipsoid, beaked. „Seeds immature.

l 43. I. truncata, Thwaites Enum. 66; weak, slender, diffusely branched,

faves 1-13 in. petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate sparsely

pubescent above, pedicels 1-3 slender bracteate and small, flowers pubescent,

Standard orbicular cuspidate, wings unequally 2-lobed spreading, lip conoid,

a Short curved. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133.

fountain woods of v t. MEM

losely allied ds H eed nay a variety of that plant, with diffuse stems
airy leaves peduncle and flowers, but of which Thwaites enumerates a variety,

abra, which is almost glabrous. Young capsules pilose, Thw.

44. I. pendul n Wall. Cat. 4744; very small, erect, slender,
branched, almost brem, leaves 4-1 in. petioled elliptic-ovate or suboor-
"tà acute remotely serrate, pedicels solitary fruiting deflexed, owers
jy ute glabrous, standard spurred at the back, lip concave not spurred.

i ^4. Prodr, 137 ; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 133.

puntains of Mar Heyne. 2. .
all; © Specimens of this ene eR or q good description; it is evidently closely

291 inconspicua tenella, and other species with minute flowers, opposite leaves

And deflexed fruiting peduncles. Stem 4-6 in. ; branches with a faint line of pubescence

456 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (Š Balsamineæ, Hook. f) | Impatiens.

on one side. Leaves with few nerves. JPedicels shorter than the leaves, minutely
pubescent. Flowers } in. diam. Capsule 1 in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous.

45. I. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Plant. Sp. 164; stem very slender
glabrous, leaves alternate petioled lanceolate acuminate remotely serrulate,
pedicels 1-2 axillary, flowers very small, sepals minute, standard suborbi-
cular gibbous at the back, terminal lobe of wing largest, lip boat-shaped,
spur short straight, capsule tomentose. Wall. Cat. 4743 C ; W. € A. Prodr.
137; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133. Balsamina mysorensis, DC.
Prodr. i. 686.

Mysore, Heyne.

Stem 6-10 in. Leaves 14 in., quite glabrous. Pedicels half the length of the
leaves or less. Flowers red, about 4 in. diam.; spur about half the length of the lip,
which is acuminate. Capsule unripe, 1 in. ellipsoid —A very obscure plant, belonging
apparently to the section with (18) Z. inconspicua, but with leaves all alternate and à
very tomentose capsule. Wight & Arnott, in the Prodromus quote Wight Cat. n. 979,
under this species, but give no particulars, taking the description almost entirely from
Roth. 1 find a good authentically named specimen in Rottler's Herbarium, commun

cated by Heyne himself in 1801, and marked mysorensis, nobis, in Rottler’s hand-
writing.

46. I. Parishii, M. f. ; glabrous, stem very thick and fleshy, leaves
large long-petioled elliptic or ovate serrulate, pedicels solitary 1n the upper
axils capillary, sepals very large orbicular-ovate, standard broadly orbiculat,
wings not lobed very obliquely trapezoid acute projecting forw.rds, lip
small oblong concave with a basal gibbosity or very short spur.

TESNASSERIM ; on limestone rocks, near Moulmein, Parish. sal

The Rev. Mr. Parish describes this very curious species as a “ biennial or perenni
fleshy short-stemmed plant, 10-24 in. high, slightly branched, with large handsome
flowers, which are single in the axils of the upper leaves;" and suggests the names tor
it of levis or levicaulis, which, not being significant in so glabrous a genus, 1 have
ventured to replace by that of its excellent discoverer. It is described above partly from
imperfect specimens communicated by himself and partly from his drawing. , tem 85
thick as the finger, short, smooth. Leaves 5-7 in., membranous, straight or oblique, base
sometimes slightly cordate ; nerves many, arched ; petiole 2-3 in., slender, sometimes
2-glandular at the top. Flowers 2 in. long from tip of wing to that of standard, —
with red streaks on the wings and lip; sepals 3-2 in., concave, acute; wings projec
ing forward, the lateral lobes not distinct from the terminal, turned upward and falcate,
the rest of the lobe triangular with straight inner edges and acute apex; lip very 5
horizontal, the spur a gibbosity, green. Capsule unknown.

47. I. capillipes, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 135; Med
slender, glabrous, diffusely branched, leaves long-petioled lanceolatecauda
acuminate, crenate, pedicels 1-2 axillary capillary, flowers very Tobes
sepals falcate, standard very long erect linear-oblong, wings short P

rounded acuminate, lip saceate, base rounded with a short slender spur.

Tenasserim ; Moulmein, on limestone rocks, Lobb, Parish. d

Stem 6-10 in., branches long. Leaves 2-5 in., very narrow, flaccid, maby- nerag
narrowed into the slender naked petiole. Pedicels 4-4 in., extraordinarily slen i
Flowers white? } in. from the top of the standard to the base of the spur; sepals pw
obtuse; standard remarkably long, obtuse, concave ; wings lobed to the middle, late
lobe much the largest, sides rounded, acute, tips of both lobes pointed downwards.

sule } in., trapezoid, acuminate, contracted at the base, like that of (87) T. racemu
Seeds unripe.

** Spur longer than the flower. (See I. Balsamina and leptopoda in *)
48. I. Munronii, Wight l.i. 160; Ic. t. 1049; softly hairy, stem

Impatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACEX. (Š Balsaminex, Hook. f.) 457

flexuous branched, leaves towards the ends of the branches petioled elliptic

acuminate serrulate, pedicels slender, sepals large as long as the wings,

standard orbicular winged at the back, wings short 2-lobed to the middle,

spur trumpet-shaped villous ending in a long stout incurved spur. H. f. 7.

is Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 133. I. eriantha, T'urcz. in Bull. Soc. I mp. Nat. Mosc.
59, i. 270.

Western NiLGHIRIs, at Sisparah, alt. 5-7000 ft., in shady places. .
Suffruticose, 1-2 ft., stem terete, somewhat woody; branches spreading, nodose.
Leaves 14-3 in., membranous, covered with soft scattered hairs on both surfaces, teeth
small glandular, nerves faint ; petiole 5-2 in., hairy. Pedicels 2-14 in., hairy. Flowers
(white and red, Beddome) about $ in. long; sepals very large, acuminate; wings and
(idend very small; spur hirsute. Ovary hairy. Capsule hairy. Seeds glabrous,
ight.)

49. I. dasysperma, Wight in Madr. Journ, v. 7. t. 2; Ic. t. 742;
herbaceous, flaccid, erect, branched, leaves petioled elliptic or ovate
acuminate crenate, petiole often glandular, pedicel usually solitary
slender, flowers rather small, sepals minute, standard obcordate, wings
p eding deeply 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur very long and slender.

«f. e T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 134.

MALABAR, in woods and plains, ascending to 3000 ft. .

Stem L3 ft., branches sometimes opposite. Leaves always alternate, 2-3 in,
slightly hairy on the upper surface, glabrous beneath ; crenatures large, not setigerous ;
petiole 1-2 in. sometimes with stipitate glands. Pedicels equalling or exceeding the
petioles, very slender. Flowers 1-3 in. diam.; standard cuspidate ; wings very diver-
gent; lobes subequal, obovate, retuse ; spur incurved, exceeding the flower, very hairy.

psule | in., very obliquely ovoid, turgid, glabrous, pointed at both ends. Seeds sub-
Blobose, airy, numerous.

50. I, flaccida Arn, in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322; slender, erect
sparingly branched’ glabrous, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate crenate,
1: ass ovate, standard broad 2-lobed, spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed,
Ip boat-shaped, spur long slender, capsule glabrous, seeds globose

teled. Thwaites Enum. 65; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5276, and I. ero
t 5625. I. bipartita, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322 1 I. orn i
Fight in Madr. Journ, v.7. I. bifida, Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 41. L lati-
olia, Moon Cat. 18,

c lountains of Marasam; forests of the Sivagherry hills, alt. 4000 ft., Wight ;
EYLON, abundant to 3000 ft., Thwaites, &c. . sth stalked
land, O18 in., branched above. Leaves 2-5 in., membranous ; petiole wit sta ed
Fands or naked. Pedicels solitary or several. lowers rose-purple, 3-14 ini iam. 5
wings Yery variable ; spur 11 in., very slender, sometimes 2-fid to the middle. 'apsnle
pael ipsoid, acuminate quite glabrous. Seeds numerous, opaque, tuberculate wit
" * Papillae.—So similar in most characters to Z. latifolia, that it is difficult to separate
ith peeies in the Herbaria. J. flaccida is, however, a smaller plant, more slender,
ra never opposite leaves, and has globose pubescent seeds, very different from : osc 0
L bip oa. have brought the alternate-leaved plants (Z. latifolia, Bot. Mag: 5 23,
under whe? Arn., I. floribunda Wight, and Z. bifida, Thunb.) to this, from Z. atifo ia,
or T ich I had placed them before, because of their alternate leaves, thong ome
ee be alternate-leaved specimens of J. latifolia, The specimen of I na I qup
ag for this plant in the Linnean Herbarium has no name or abitat, an ^ u berg
have been’ his T. bifida on it, because of its abnormally bifid spur, supposing
1 à native of the Cape, where there is nothing at all like it.

3. X. viol t, glabrous, simple or
EL ?eflora, H. f.; very slender, erect, glabrous,
y branched, lara pito very membranous elliptic-lanceolate

458 XXXII. GERANIACEE. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

acuminate crenate-serrulate, pedicels axillary solitary or few slender,
sepals minute, standard broadly obcordate, wings 2-lobed spreading, lobes
obovate lateral rounded terminal retuse or 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur
very long straight and slender, capsule puberulous. I flaccida, var. B, H.f.
& T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 134.

TEsNAssERIM, at Moulmein, Lobb.

Very similar to Z. flaccida, but the lobes of the wings are longer and namo
the standard is obcordate and not spurred behind, and the capsule is smaller an
puberulous.

52. I. pulcherrima, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. 37 ; HS
succulent, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate acumina °
pedicels 2-3 erect, sepals 9-fid minute, standard orbicular notched a
spurred at the back, wings very broad 2-fid, lip boat-shaped or conoid, t
long stout curved, capsule glabrous, seeds large obovate rugose. H a n
Mag. t. 4615; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 134 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Dom

or, 44,

Warree jungle in the Sournern Coxcax, Dalzell. m he base
Stem 14-2 ft., simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., flaccid, ciliate towards the itate
glabrous or with a few scattered hairs above; petiole 1-3 in., naked or with MON
glands. Pedicels 2-3 in., slender, spreading. lowers 14-2 in. diam., rose: or "a
purple; wings spreading, flat, variable in shape; lip small; spur 2 in., rather thic .
incurved. Capsule 4 in., very turgid. Seeds 2-8, subcompressed, testa very holly
m very fine species, allied to Z. flaccida in the flowers, but the seeds are w
ifferent,

53. I. Henslowiana, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 d
perennial 1, stem very stout almost shrubby nodose scarred, leaves pe ek
ovate or lanceolate serrate acuminate hirsute, pedicels subsolitary a
sepals large broad, standard orbicular or obovate, wings broad flat 2-pà en
segments 2-lobed, lip small, spur very long incurved slender, cap
glabrous or pilose. Thwaites Enum. 65; H. f. & T. in Journ. Lann,

iv. 135. I. albida, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7, t.1; Ie. t. 743. |

Mountains of MALABAR, clefts of rocks near Courtallum, alt. 2~7000 ft., Wight,
CerLon, in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., on rocks. ith scars

Stem 8-16 in., as thick as the thumb, woody, sometimes so closely covered f the ic
as to be nodose, simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., crowded at the ends of t :
branches, serratures fine or coarse, both surfaces usually hirsute, sometimes
petiole 4-3 in. naked or glandular. Pedicels 2-5 in., stout, glabrous or Fly ovate,
Flowers 1-2 in. diam., white or pale pink; sepals remarkably large, broa ry b
acuminate ; standard winged at the back (in Wight's figure); wings with vender
flat, semi-obovate lobes ; spur stout or slender, 1-14 in. Capsule $-1 in., rat ters of this
Seeds not ripe.—The habit and large sepals and capsule are excellent charac
plant.

A v.—LATERIFLORZ.

54. X. bella, H. f. £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 138; diffuse, slar
short densely pubescent creeping below, leaves broadly ovate OT te in the
crenate, petiole slender, peduncle pubescent 1-2-flowered bracteae
middle, flowers large yellow, sepals large ovate, standard orbicu wn m
gibbous or bluntly spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wing
obovate, lip conical saccate narrowed into a long incurved spur.

Kuasia Mrs., in marshes at the Kala Pane, alt. 5000 ft., Grifith, &. — much at

A small species, 6-10 in., growing in loose tufts ; stem rather stout, ary
the base, glandular and almost tomentose with crisped hairs. Leaves *° "”

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACER. ($ Balsamineæ Hook. f.) 459

times lanceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate, many-nerved, often pubescent above;
petiole 1-3 in., pubescent, rarely glandular. Peduncle stout, usually from a subterminal
axil, curved, pubescent, most often 1-flowered, with bracts in the middle ; pedicel short.
er Lin.long without the spur, orange- or golden-yellow, beautifully streaked with
Purple. Capsule Lin. ellipsoid, acute at both ends, turgid, pubescent. Seeds sub-
Lon papulose, puberulous, testa thick opaque.—A very distinct and beautiful little
cles,
AR. major ; -4i 2 in. red quite glabrous.—Khasi
alt. 5-600 da ; more robust, leaves 3-4 in., flowers 13 q g 8

55. I. latiflora, Hook. J. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139 ; short,
herbaceous, pubescent, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
frenate, peduncle erect stout 2-3-flowered, bracts ovate acuminate, flowers
arge, sepals broad, standard orbicular winged at the back, terminal lobe of

wings large semi-ovate acute, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender
Incurved,

Subtropical forests of the Kuasta Mrs, alt. 3-4000 ft.; ? Sgm HIMALAYA, alt.
: - (specimens imperfect) ; Buoras, at Duphla, Booth. .

Stem a foot high, branched or not, sometimes as thick as the little finger, remotely
yarred. Leaves 3-7 in., sometimes narrowly lanceolate, glabrous except the nerves

heath, often ciliate towards the base, as is the puberulous petiole. Peduncle solitary,
Stout, erect, 3-1 in.; bracts variable in position; pedicels stout. lowers 1-2 in.
làm. pale rose or violet; sepals acute; lateral lobe of wings obovate, retuse, smaller

n the usually acute terminal one, which is sometimes 1 in. long; standard retuse ;
Spur 1-24 in., acute, Capsule immature, probably like that of Z. pulchra.

56. X, pulchra, /7. Jf. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139; glabrous,

m short stout simple, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate ser-

» Peduncles stout erect 1-2-flowered, bracts lanceolate, flowers large,

Toad, standard winged at the back, wings broad, lip fuunel-shaped
narrowed into the stout hooked spur.

y baded Woods in the subt opical and temperate regions of Eastern Nirat and the
PASIA Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft.
0 tem 4-10 in., erect, nodose at the scars, rarely divided. Leaves 2-4 in., glabrous
L both surfaces, rather coriaceous, not or rarely ciliate; petiole stout, naked. Pedun-
i ID, few, stout, erect; pedicels often as stout and as long. lowers 2 in. long
"s ™ the tip of the spur to that of the standard, pale rose-coloured or straw-coloured,
li raked with red; sepals š in., green, acute; terminal lobe of wing semi-ovate obtuse ;
p hoy large ; spur sometimes spiral, Capsule 4-3 in., erect, narrowly ellipsoid-oblong,
glabrous, subacute, Seeds many, immature, pubescent ?

37. I. fruticosa D >. i. 687 ; shrubby, perennial, leaves elliptic
minate many-nerved abans on both surfaces, petiole stout long,
al uncles numerous 3-5-flowered, bracts linear, pedicels very long
ender, flowers large, sepals broad, standard orbicular 2-lobed, wings lobe
reading, lip trumpet-shaped, spur very stout long curved. W. & A.

7. 137; s. 32: ^ T. in Journ. Linn.
Boc iv. YE Wight Ic. t. 966; Wall. Cat. 4762; H. f.d
Mountains ft
of MaLaBar and Travancor, common at 4-6000 ft.
Pa erect much branched shrub, 8 ft. high ; branches glabrous, nodose at the scars.
ves 3-5 in, sometimes almost silky beneath, ciliate and glandular towards the
Pedic nerves Stout; petiole 2-3 in., often villous, naked or glandular. Peduncles 1-2 WE
C Cels often much longer and exceeding the leaves. Flowers 14 in. broad ; sepals
ting ate i Standard neither winged nor spurred; wing-lobes flat, subequal, divari-
beaks} ^ long ; Spur 1-14 in. Capsule erect, 1 in., ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends,
Se many, unripe, large, opaque, obovoid; testa thick, pitted.

460 XXXI]. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [ Impatiens.

A vr—EPIPHYTICX.

58. I. Jerdoniæ, Wight Ic. t. 1602; epiphytic, glabrous, stem tumi
short stout prostrate, leaves few petioled elliptic acute serrate, pe sate
short, pedicels 1-3 very long, bracts setaceous, sepals long anceolas
standard small hooded, wings small 2-lobed, spur very large saccate M f
cose wrinkled, spur short horn-like or 0. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4739; H.J.
& T. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv. 141.

Mountains of MALABAR, on trees at Sisparah, the Brahmagherrie and Palgbat bills
alt. 3- 5000 ft., Wight, &c. :

Stem 3—6 in., creen or purple-brown, often as thick as the finger, rooting. Leony
2-3 in., deep green, with glandular cilia at the base and on the top of the d. Powers
nerves few. Peduncles 1-3 in, green, stout ; pedicels sometimes 4 1n., iL > orbicular,
14-2 in. measured along the lip; sepals acuminate, green ; standard y el i P lobes
apiculate, narrowly winged at the back; wings yellow, almost included Ji : h allied to
rounded overlapping ; lip bright red, laterally compressed—In flower ose racter 0
I. Walkeri. I have seen no specimen of Beddome’s J. parasitica; his oda a
it accords with that of 7. Jerdonie in all but the green colour of the stani as à
sepals, and the moniliform stem. I shall therefore provisionally add it to
variety. : —I. para

Van. ; stem moniliform, standard with a foliaceous crest and wings eret Anamallay
sitica, Bedd. in Madr. Jour.iv. t. 7, f. 2; Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. 28, t. 140.—
hills, alt. 6- 7000 ft., Beddome.

" 2 ae
59. I. auriculata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 8, t.3; epiphyt pr
brous, stem short prostrate internodes very tumid, leaves petio very
acute, peduncle short, pedicels 1-3 erect very long, bracts ovate, sepals very
large obliquely oblong pendulous red, standard small hooded, wing
small 2-lobed, lip very large saccate wrinkled, spur short thick. "i
Mountains of MALABAR and TnAvAxcon, alt. 5000 ft., on branches of trees, Wight,

sometimes 48
9mm,

1 in. measured along the lip; sepals very remarkable, pendulous, acute, much 6x6
the wings, and sometimes as long as the lip, scarlet; standard dark ory J compressed
purple, the segments cochleate and overlapping; lip searlet, latera "holly different
spur very variable. Capsule unknown.— T'he sepals of this species are W

epl-

60. I. viridiflora, Wight in Madr. Journ. v.9; erect, Be leave

phytic, stem short extremely thick, branches few short nodos slender,

petioled elliptic acute crenate-serrate, peduncles short, dicels, lip saccate
sepals linear, standard orbicular 2-lobed back strongly keeled, MP

M : , 141.
narrowed into a stout involute spur, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 29, t l

ivagherry
y Mountains of MALABAR; forming masses on the trunks of trees at the Sivag i
at, alt. 5000 ft., Wight. . ceolate,
š Stem often 1 in. diam. fleshy. Leaves 14-2 in., sometimes obovate oe stout.
with very few glandular cilia at the base, rather fleshy, crenatures large S ensured along
Pedunele }-4 in., usually 2-flowered; bracts subulate. Flowers 1 di " small, deeply
the lip, wholly green; sepals reflexed or deflexed, acuminate ; San termi 0
hooded ; wings fleshy, 2-lobed, lateral lobes hid under the standard,
rounded ; lip wrinkled, laterally compressed. Capsule glabrous.

Impatiens] XXXII. GERANIACEE. (Š Dalsaminew, Hook. f) 461

A vi.—UMBELLATH AND ŞSUBCAPITATÆ. (See J. Goughii, trilobata,
and others in A m., Z. Zangache and others in A vri.)

* Spur very slender, as long as or exceeding the flower.

61. I. fimbriata, Hook. Exot. Flor. ii. t. 146; glabrous, stem erect
subsimple, leaves opposite and alternate long-petioled ovate-lanceolate
acuminate subserrulate, peduncle terminal long erect bearing at the top a
Subcapitate crowded raceme clothed with recurved ciliate bracts. I brac-
teata, Coleb, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 459 ; Wall. Cat. 4760; H. f. & T.
t Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 142.

Marshes in the Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., abundant.
em 1-2 ft., simple or branched, succulent. Leaves 2—5 in., opposite alternate and
Whorled sometimes on the same specimen, flaccid, ciliate or not at the base; petiole }-2
m. ; stipules 0. Peduncle 2-6 in., strict, absolutely terminal in all the specimens, with
Sometimes an axillary one, naked; raceme 4-2 in, oblong or globose, very dense
and covered with crinite-green slender recurved bracts, which are à-4 in. long,
clothed with long pink hairs and conceal the bases of the capillary pedicels. Flowers
Tose-purple, 3 in. diam. ; sepals small, lanceolate ; standard small, ovate, with a recurved
point ; lateral wing-lobes small, rounded, terminal semi-ovate large broad clawed ; lip
at-shaped ; spur 2 in., very long, slender, incurved. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, acute
at both ends, turgid, glabrous. Seeds few, obovate, compressed, very hairy.—The Flora
Xotica name having a year’s priority over Colebrooke’s, I am compelled to adopt it.

62. I. janthina, Thwaites Enum. 68; small, glabrous, stem simple
l~4-leaved, leaves opposite broad-elliptic or orbicular acuminate subserrate,

uncle terminal erect, flowers umbelled, bracts oblong, sepals broadly
cordate, standard hooded, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate narrowed into the
involute spur. Z. f. & T, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 142.

Cernoy ; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, at no great elevation, Thwaites. .
ir hole plant, 4-10 in.; stem sometimes very thick and succulent. Leaves 2-5 in.,
" .Tounded or subacute, not ciliate, sometimes oblique, very membranous ; petiole

74 m. ; stipules 0. Pedunele erect, 3-5 in., very slender ; umbel terminal, 3—5-flowered,
With sometimes a small lateral one; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts broad, green, obtuse.
N wers 4-3 in diam., violet; standard not winged, very concave ; lateral lobe of wings
ounded, obtuse, terminal acute. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, subacute, glabrous, many-

ossa very curious species, quite unlike any other, but allied to the preceding and

j E. umbellata, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464; small,
a brous, stem simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded petioled broad-
Yate or elliptic obtuse or acute crenate, peduncles subterminal erect

~% -flowered, se d orbicular, wings spreading lobes
vered, sepals broad-ovate, standard orbicular, wings spreading lot
yes e, lip small boat-shaped, spur long slender incurved. Wall. Cat. 4759 ;

"y A. Prodr. 137; Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9, t. 4; Ie. t. 745 ; H. f.

` ^ Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 143.
Ountains of Maranan, in Tinnevelly near Courtallum only, Wight. . .
igen 4-8 in., very rarely branched, naked below. Leaves 1-2 in., sometimes orbi-
Ped membranous, crenatures ciliate, base ciliate or not ; petiole very variable, 1-13 in,
itn and pedicels stout; bracts small, green. Flowers 3 in. diam.; standard not
tu m; Wings with subequal lobes; spur 1 in., graceful. Capsule V in., éllipsoid,
whieh’ glabrous. Seedssechinate (Wight).—Wight describes the root as tuberous,

8 L think an error; it is fibrous and annual in his specimens.

54 X. subcora Mag. i. 323; glab
> ata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 323; glabrous,
stem Prostrate and rosllog-at the base stout, leaves long-petioled ovate or

462 XXXII, GERANIACEX. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Impatiens.

lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate base rounded or cordate, peduncles
short 4-8-flowered, flowers umbelled or shortly racemed, sepals large ovate,
standard orbicular not spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very large
and broad, lip small, spur long slender incurved. Thwaites Enum. 67;
H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 144,

Central province of Ceyton; alt. 3-6000 ft., Walker, &c.

Stem 1-2 ft., stout, sometimes much diffusely branched, smooth or scarred, Leaves
very variable, 1-3 in.; crenatures large, ciliate or not; petioles 3-2 in., eglandular.
Peduncles 2-4 in., axillary and subterminal; bracts } in., ovate-lanceolate, acute,
Flowers 4-3 in. diam., white with red sepals and standard; spur 4-1 in., slender, 1n-
curved. Capsule 1 in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds subglobose, hairy.

65. I. viscida, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 12; Ic.t. 746; tall, slender,
stem rigid angled rooting below hairy above, leaves petioled elliptic
lanceolate serrate firm, peduncles axillary very long viscid 3-©-flowere
flowers umbelled or in short racemes, pedicels viscid, sepals suborbicular
equalling the small standard, terminal lobe of wings large suborbicular, Ip
small boat-shaped, spur long strong incurved. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iv. 144.

Pulney Mts. in the Sournern Carnatic, alt. 5500 ft., in beds of rivers, Wight. ,

Stem 2-3 ft., simple or sparingly branched, leafy all the way up, very rigid for the
genus. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent beneath on the midrib and numerous strong nerves,
not ciliate, teeth glandular; petiole 4-1} in. Peduncles 2-4 in., rigid, erect, terete;
bracts ovate-lanceolate ; pedicels short, often hairy. Flowers $ in. diam., pink ; sepais
acuminate, almost as large as the orbicular acuminate standard; wings with spreading
lobes, lateral short falcate, terminal twice as large hatchet-shaped, tip rounded ; spur
stout towards the base, slender on to the tip. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, ventri
cose, glabrous. Seeds numerous, globose, hairy.—Pedicels more or less hairy and viscid.

66. I. cordata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 10; glabrous, flaccid, stem
prostrate and rooting below, leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate acuml
nate obscurely crenate, peduncle subterminal and axillary 3-4-flower
flowers umbel ed, pedicels glabrous, sepals large ovate acuminate, standar
cuneate emarginate, lateral lobes of wings small incurved, terminal large
broad spreading, lip boat-shaped, spur long slender incurved.

Sivagherry Ghats, on the MALABAR Mounrains, Wight; Anamallay M
3- 5000 ft. ; Travancor, Beddome.

Stem 6-12 in., apparently succulent. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous, Cre
with minute cilia, base ciliate or not, nerves slender, with scattered hairs on both su
faces; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 2-4 in.; bracts broadly ovate, 3 in., green; pe ibe
short. Flowers 1 in. diam. lilac with a purple centre; sepals almost equalling t
standard ; lateral lobes of wings fleshy, forming a vault over the stamens; termin
almost orbicular; spur fin. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds unripe

ts, alt.

_67, I. acuminata, Benth. in Wall. Cat, 4754; shrubby, glabrous, p
simple stout, leaves crowded upwards petioled lanceolate acumina i
crenate, peduncles axillary stout, flowers umbelled or racemed, brar
broad, sepals large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular, wings 2-partite, 2
boat-shaped narrowed into the slender incurved spur. H. f. & *
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145.

Wet rocks in the Kuasra. Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft. Leaves

Root perennial? Stem 6-14 in., naked below, almost invariably simple. i
3-5 in, often caudate-acuminate, rather thick, crenatures minutely setigeroUs,
ciliate at the base; petiole 1—1 in. naked. Peduncles 1-1} in.; bracts id d red;
or acute, concave, green ; pedicels 4-1 in., erect. Flowers about 1 in. diam., pee

Impatiens,] XXXII. GERANIACEÆ. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 463

sepals broad, very oblique, acuminate; standard not winged or spurred ; lateral wing-
lobes reniform, incumbent on the much larger triangular terminal one, lower margin of
wing with an inflexed auricle; lip almost conical. Capsule ) in., short, erect, ellip-
soid, subacute. „Seeds many, minute, woolly.

68. I. Hookeriana, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot, Mag. i. 324; shrubby,
glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate
crenate-serrate thick, petiole long with 2 large glands, flowers 4-6 sub-
umbelled long pedicelled, sepals small lanceolate, standard transversel
oblong spurred at the back, wing-lobes large broad rounded, lip sma
continuous with the long curved stout spur. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4704;

sales Enum, 66; H. f. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145. I. biglandulosa,

oon Cat. 18.

Central Province of CEvLos, alt. 3-5000 ft. .

A shrub, 4-5 it., with very stout stem and often scarred branches as thick as the
DBer. Leaves 4-8 in, crenatures with a bristle; petiole 1—4 in., stout, with 2 large
*pposite glands above the middle (usually at the top). Peduncle 3-4 in., erect, very
robust; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels very slender. Flowers 2 in. diam., white or
with the wings streaked with blood-red ; standard very large; wings spreading, lateral
lobes oblong, terminal much larger, notched towards the tip; spur and lip 14-23 in.
Capsule 1-3 in. ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, obtuse. Seeds many, young pubescent.—

i$ though closely allied to Z. grandis, seems to differ in the much smaller sepals, as

Well as in the shape of the wings, lip, and spur.

69. I. grandis, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464; shrubby,
glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate
wenate-serrate thick, flowers 4-6 subumbelled long-pedicelled, sepals large
Toad-ovate, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes obovate terminal cuneate
notched, lip saccate obtuse or prolonged into a very stout conoidal straight
On Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 10, t. 5; W. € A. Prodr. 137 ; Arn. in Hook,
mp, Bot, Mag. i 324; Bedd. Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. 31,t. 153; H. f. & T.
tn Journ. Linn, Soc, iv. 145.
Cuntains of Mar Ap, 'TINNEVELLY, alt. 1-4000 ft., Wight, &c. .
rubby, 8 ft. high abit, foliage and inflorescence of J. biglandulosa, and with the
ame coloured flower, but the sepals are three times as large, the standard more orbi-

cuar, the wing-lobes much narrower, and the lip ends in a sac or very stout conoidal
Straight spur,

*k nM
in), Spur shorter than the flower or 0. (See L. grandis and biglandulosa
70. X. cam ight i J v. 11, t€. 7 ; Ie. t. 744;
. anulata, Wight i» Madr. Jour. v. 11, ; .

herbaceous, robust, slabrous, sparingly branched, leaves long.petioled
eliptic- or ovate-lanceolate crenate glaucous beneath, peduncle stout
owers 3 umbelled, bracts very large deciduous, sepals very large, an
ovate, standard orbicular keeled at the back, wing-lobes small in-

Cury . in Journ. Linn.
Soe, d lip smooth boat-shaped, spur very short. ZZ. f. £ T. in Journ. Linn

Mountains of th J c, alt. 5-7000 ft., in moist woods, Wight.
p 4-5 ft., as thick cs dia Pid Leaves 3-6 in., membranous, crenatures ciliate,
we, ally 2-glandular; petiole 1-2 in., eglandular. | Peduncle y in., very stout,
late 2,7018 4 in., ovate-lanceolate, subfoliaceous ; pedicels short. l lowers campanu-
acon White and yellow speckled with purple ; sepals perhaps the largest Kd i dn
obovate 6; Standard apiculate; wings concave and pointing forwards, lateral lo lin ,
Nin a ; Overlapping the larger hatchet-sha ed protruded terminal one. Capsule 3 in.,

Psoid, pointed at both ends, glabrous, Seeds globose, echinulate,

464 XXXII. GERANIACEX, (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f.) | Impatiens.

71. I. leucantha, Thwaites Enum. 67; glabrous, stem erect sig
rarely forked, leaves in 1 whorl or fascicled rarely opposite shortly petio ed
lanceolate acuminate serrulate, peduncles several long erect, flowers in 8
short terminal raceme, bracts ovate-lanceolate, sepals ovate-oblong acute,
standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings small lanceolate, terminal large
3-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur short straight.

Cryton; at Hinidoon and Kittool Galle, Thwaites. t
Stem 5-10 in., naked below, succulent. Leaves 6-10 in the fascicle, of unequal a
3-6 in., serratures acute, base often ciliate; petiole 1—3 in. Peduncles many, longer
or shorter than the leaves, many-flowered; pedicels capillary, spreading, 1-1 ith
bracts green, concave. Flowers white, } in. diam. ; standard not winged ; ming e
the lobes rounded; spur $ in. Capsules | in., unripe, erect, ellipsoid, glabrous,
eaked.

72. X. linearis, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; stem short
stout simple, leaves crowded upwards subsessile linear-lanceolate acute su
serraté, peduncles solitary or 2 stout erect, flowers very shortiy umbel
bracts ovate, sepals short ovate, standard short spurred at the back, temm
lobe of wings large obovate clawed, lip concave, spur very short. J.J. G °°
an Journ, Linn. Noc. iv. 143.

Adam's Peak, CEvLox, alt. 4—6000 ft., Walker, &c. top of

Erect, glabrous; stem stout, scarred. Leaves many, 1-3 in., all crowded at the top
the stem, rather thick, base not ciliate. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout ; bracts lin, gree ;
spreading, acuminate, concave; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers 3 n. vi
wings large; spur a mere point. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, very turgid, acumm
glabrous. Seeds many, very small, pubescent. . the

Var. petiolata; leaves rather broadly petioled with scattered short hairs on
upper surface.

73. X. appendiculata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; d
glabrous or pubescent, stem slender, leaves solitary few or many pe
ovate elliptie or lanceolate acute serrulate, peduncles long solitary or Tes
flowers umbelled or very shortly racemed, bracts broad-ovate or lanceolate,
sepals ovate or oblong, standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings ance
caudate, terminal large clawed }-cordate, lip boat-shaped, spur Y
short. Thwaites Enum. 67.

Southern and Central parts of CEvrow, alt. 2-5000 ft. aked

Very variable, both in habit and foliage. Stem simple, rarely branched, em
below, usually leafy above, with the leaves 1-14 in. broad, long-petioled and horl,
glabrous above; other specimens have 4 similar but pubescent leaves 1n ` hine
others 1, 2, 3, or a few lanceolate acuminate leaves, 4 in. long. Leaves mem "roget
usually ciliate towards the base. Peduncle often solitary, subterminal and ^ in,
than the leaves, with an umbel or very short raceme of 4-8 flowers ; bracts $ ^7
concave, acuminate, green; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers about 4 1 de-

white or pale rose-colour; standard streaked transversely with red.—Thwae inal
sciibes the lateral lobes of wings as small lanceolate long-caudate, the a mere

as larger 4-cordate and acuminate; the spur is sometimes reduced
point. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, many-seeded. Seeds immature,
hairy ?

oblong:

74. I. travancorica, Bedd, Te. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 29, t. 142; small, Soy,
simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded small etioled ellipt! Jan-
acute crenate, peduncles 1-3 subterminal erect 2-—4-flowered, jar small
ceolate, lowers umbelled small, sepals obliquely ovate, standa ur short
vini terminal lobe of wings large sessile, lip boat-shaped, sp
obtuse or 0,

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f) 465

Mountains of TRAvAxcon; Myhendra and Aghasteer, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome.

Stem strict, 6-8 in., naked below. Leaves 4 in., rather thick, ciliated in the crena-
tures; petiole slender, often as long as the blade. Peduncles 1-2 in.; bracts green,
subulate-lanceolate, spreading. Flowers jin. diam., white streaked with red, very
tembranous; sepals oblique, acuminate; lateral lobe of wings small. Capsule un-

own,

75. I. uncinata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 11, t. 6; Te. t. 747;
slender, elect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate crenate,
peduncles slender 4-8-fld., flowers small subumbelled or shortly racemed,
sepals very large obliquely ovate, standard small eiliptic, wings divaricating,
terminal lobe obovate faleate, lip subcampanulate, spur short, inflated
hooked. H. f.d T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 144.

Mountains of the SovrHERN Carnatic, in dense shaded jungles near Courtallum,
alt. 2-3000 ft, Wight. u
Stem 6-10 in., sparingly branched, leafy. Leaves 2-4 in., very membranous, ciliate
often at the base, crenatures large, minutely ciliate ; petiole 1-3 in., rather slender.
edunele shorter than the leaves; bracts small, rather persistent; pedicels 3-1 in.

wers 3 in. diam. ; sepals very large for the size of the plant; standard pointed ;
lateral wing-lobes oblong, pointed forward, terminal protruded, rather hatchet-shaped;
Ip shortly campanulate ; spur constricted at the insertion, inflated below it, with a

more slender npeurved tip. Capsule i in., ellipsoid, beaked, turgid, glabrous. Seeds
W, unripe, apparently orbicular and glabrous.

76. X, elegans, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 29, t. 145; stout, glabrous,
stem erect stout simple or branched, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-
cordate acuminate crenate, peduncles slender axillary and terminal erect,

9Wers 3-5 umbelled or shortly racemed, bracts larze ovate-lanceolate,

ovate, standard small orbicular-ovate, lateral wing-lobes small
rounded arched over the stamens, terminal very large obliquely ovate acute,

P very small boat-shaped, spur 0.

Apamallay hills, in Travancor, alt. 2500-5000 ft., common, Beddome. .

6-12 in., simple or branched, often rooting at the joints. Leav-s 2-4 in., very
pembranous, srenatures minutely ciliate ; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 1-3 in. ; bracts

10., usually recurved, whorled ; pedicels capillary, spreading. Flowers 1 in. across
^^ Wings, pale rose colour with a purple eye, those from the highest localities the largest ;
: ndard apiculate flat with a green dorsal ridge ; terminal wing-lobe sessile, tip obtuse

hire, inner margin obscurely retuse towards the tip. Capsule À iu., ellipsoid, beaked,
Lori the middle, glabrous. Seeds hairy, subglobose.—In many respects near

» In which the side lobes of the wings are also incurved.

* A vilII.— RACEMOS Z.
Š Spur long and slender.

7. X, maculata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 12; tall, slender, branched,
leaves long-petioled 'elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate hairy above and
Ë neath, peduncles and very long lax racemes much exceeding d e

"ves, pedicels horizontal, sepals large broad, standard small, lateral lobes

of wings minute terminal very large, lip conoid, spur very long slender.

H. f. € T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 149.

puntain streams in MALABAR; Sivaghery hills, alt. 4-7000 ft, Wight. ——
branou t.; branches and petioles jaxly hairy, or glabrate. pr T5 in., mem:
1-245 often 2-clandular at the base, serratures not tipped with a e e; pe ole

dz Sometimes with 2 or more long stipitate glands. Zaceme and stiff pe uncle
Ma E 6-12 in., quite erect; bracts ovate, persistent ; pedicels 1 in. vc riri y
latera] p^ sepals and orbicular standard acuminate ; terminal wing-lobe suborbicular,

You L Under the standard; spur twice as long as the flower, curved na Capsule

466 XXXII. GERANIACER. (S Dalsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

} in., ellipeoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds suborbicular. pustular, and sbortly hairy.—
ithe lands of the leaf-base and petiole are sometimes spirally involute.

78. I. elongata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; tall, staus
glabrous, simple or branched, leaves stout-petioled elliptic ammina e
serrate thick, peduncles far exceeding the leaves very stout, racemes ten
pedicels horizontal, sepals rather large ovate, standard small, laters. o me
of wings small, terminal large, lip small, spur long very slender. Tate
Enum. 67; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 150.

Adam's Peak in Ceyton, alt. 83-4000 ft. . d scarred

Apparently about 3 ft. high; stem woody below, straight or flexuous an er i
above. Leaves 2-3 in.; serratures gland-tipped. Feduncle very lax ; b oria: a
stout; bracts ovate, acuminate,. persistent; pedicels 1-14 in., horizontal, iind oo nad
wards. Flower lin. long, red; sepals acuminate, the small dorsally spurred stan
about equalling the lateral lobes of the wings ; terminal lobe oblique ; spur 14 1n., UP
thickened. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous.

79. I. cornigera, Arn. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; quite glabri
stem simple rather stout, leaves (rarely opposite) petioled elliptic- saeed
acute or acuminate erenate, peduncles subterminal slender erect, ra ‘nate
short lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small ovate, standard oblong E A ee
lateral wing-lobes minute, terminal subquadrate with a broad ped I:
long or short rather stout circinate at the tip. Tame Anum. 9»
H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv, 150. l

Warmer parts of CEvrow, in damp woods.

Stem PA in, stout or slender, usually the former, often naked below and very bef
above. Leaves very variable, 3-6 in., sometimes variegated with white along apii
rib, rarely serrate, crenatures ciliate; petiole 1-1 in. Peduncles erect, e] in.,
shorter than the leaves; raceme 1-2 in.; bracts small, ovate, acute; pe was a
horizontal. Flowers 1 in. long, yellow, variegated with green or pale rose; ides and
concave, orbicular when spread out; terminal lobe of wings with COM dl ve Capsu
broad oblique notched apex; spur very variable, sometimes inflated be ng bining.—
\ in, ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds few, orbicular, compressed, §

The shining smooth compressed seeds ally this to I. Kleinii, &c. '

imple
80. I. Arnottii, Thwaites Enum. 67; quite glabrous, stem a a
rather slender, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate d shortly
sparsely hairy above, peduncles strict subterminal, flowers few m latera
racemed or subumbelled, sepals small cordate, standard v r slender
Wing lobes small, terminal large clawed semicircular, lip small, spur
incurved.

Central Province of Cryton, alt. 1-3000 ft., rare, Thwailes.
Very similar to T. cornigera, but more slender, racemes shorter ¢ ly sh
umbelled, red-purple, tinged yellow in the centre, and with very different y the s
minal wing lobes which are notched at the apex on one side.—The base 0
this and its allies seems to form a perennial tuber.

l Or.
81. I. phoenicea, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 175: Í 1 pi n
p. 30, t. 148; suffruticose, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled lanceo*2 e e, brac
at both ends serrate, peduncles axillary as long as the leaves TA eat ' wings
cordate, raceme few-flowered, sepals ovate, standard broad lo terminal
small, lateral lobe cordate overlapping the much larger o OPE i
one, lip with spur trumpet-shaped incurved.

Pulney hills in the Sournern Carnatic, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome. g 3-4 in., mem ;
Apparently a slender sparingly branched herb, quite glabrous. cee uncles axillary, `
branous, serratures with rather Cae cilia; petiole 4-1 in., naked. £eur SaF

r or flowers sometimes
aped ter-
tem Jn

<
Impatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACER, ($ Balsaminew, Hook. £) 40?

slender, erect ; bracts + in, persistent; pedicels 1-1 in. slender. Flowers 4-14, 1 in.

ong, campanulate, brilliant scarlet, yellow in the centre; standard vaulted, dorsally

Cafed ; tip of spur swollen.—Major Beddome regards this as allied to Z. Walkeri, of
ylon.

82. I. Tangachee, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 147 ; glabrous, stem
stout short subprocumbent, leaves obscurely whorled subsessile narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles exceeding the leaves very
stout erect, flowers subumbelled or racemed, pedicels erect, sepals oblong,
standard short broad, lateral wing-lobes truncate terminal broadly cuneate,

p small boat-shaped, spur slender incurved.

Anamallay hills in Travancor, alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, in river-beds, Beddome ;

lemputty, Wight.

A short simple or forked herb, 6-10 in. Stem naked and rooting below. Leaves

J.; glabrous on both surfaces, thick, nerves few slender. Peduncles very stout,
14-2} in.; bracts £ in. coriaceous; pedicels 1-14 in., stout, thickened upwards.

„wers 4-8, 1-1} in., bright rose; spur stout, straight or hooked, terminal wing-lobe
with a broadly truncate and erose apex; spur 1 in, straight or incurved. Capsule

m., gibbous, glabrous. Seeds many, very small.

83. I. leptura, Zook. f. ; quite labrous, branches slender, leaves long-
Petioled elliptic acuminate cronate membranous, peduncles axillary slender
"fld, bracts deciduous, sepals broad ovate very oblique, standard small
jilted lateral wing-lobes small rounded, terminal very large suborbicular,

P smal] Saccate, spur long very slender incurved.

Avamallay hills, in Marana, alt. 4500-5500 ft., Beddome. .

Leaves 476 in., very membranous, with or without gland-tipped bristles at the base,
Cenatureg ciliate; petiole 1-3 in., slender. Peduncles shorter than the leaves: bracts
sae, Small; pedicels 4-1 in. Flowers 1 in. across the broad flat wings; standard
m small, not winged or spurred dorsally; lateral wing-lobes very small, concave,

verla Ping the very large terminal ones which are quite entire; spur 1-13 in., flexuous,

z to one side, Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, turged in the middle, glabrous.
Ye Many, orbicular, young pilose, probably large.—I shave only fragments of this
"Y distinct Species, which is labelled Z. cordata? by Major Beddome.

"t Spur short, or 0, (See also Z. cornigera).

E Wightiana, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 146 ; suffruticose,
e glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, _
oh with many stipitate glands, peduncles slender shorter than the pod ,
n ovate, racemes lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small, standard sma
macular ovate apiculate, lateral wing-lobes small spreading, terminal very
"ge ong oblong obtuse, lip funnel-shaped, spur short incurved.
ist forests in the Anamallay hills, Travancor, alt. 34500 ft, Beddome.
tina 9-6 in., with a few scattered hairs above on the nerves, membranous, lineolate
out that the nerves ; petiole 14-2) in., slender. Peduneles flowering a mos me
ling ahia 8th; bracts very small; pedicels spreading in fruit. Flowers Luo
abe white mottled with pink ; standard with a green dorsal ridge i upper wing-lobe
li 5 pointing forwards, terminal narrow, obtuse ; spur very short, hooked. Capsul
> "3Pezoid, glabrous. Seeds about 5, globose, hairy.

n Walkeri, 7 i. 324, t, 18; tall, erect, quite

i Took. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324, t. 18; tall, ;
| res leaves very lonz-petteled elliptic lanceolate acuminate serrulate,
x cles stout erect, flowers 6-8, bracts broadly ovate, pedicels slen er
ents Pals small ovate-cordate, wings small 2-partite, lip elongate, mi^ .
ag t e. Incurved laterally compressed, spur very short incurved. Dot.

HH2

*

468 XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f) | Zmpatiens.

Central Provinces of CEYLON, alt. 4-6000 ft. .

Root tuberous, perennial. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, simple or branched. Leaves 14-4 m,
thick, serratures ciliate, petiole 1-1 in. Peduncles stout, erect; racemes 4-8-flowered ;
bracts small, persistent; pedicels slender, erect, spreading in fruit. Flowers 3-1 1n,
scarlet, rarely yellow; sepals small, ovate; standard very small, hooded ; wings very
small, lateral lobes rounded, almost hidden under the standard ; terminal lobes orbi-
cular protruded, notched on the inner margin towards the rounded end ; lip very large,
walls undulate; spur slender, hooked, swollen at the tip. Capsule § in., ellipsoid, gib-
bous, glabrous. Seeds unknown.

86. I. tavoyana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4773; short, quite glabrous,
stem stout succulent, leaves petioled ovate acuminate subserrate base with
long cilia. peduncles subterminal erect slender, flowers small in shor
racemes, bracts minute, pedicels spreading capillary, sepals narrow, standar
small oblong concave spurred at the tip, terminal wing-lobes very long-
clawed pendulous oblong?, lip boat-shaped with a gibbosity or short slender
spur. H. f.d T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 146. L lineata, f'urcz in Bull
Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. 271.

TENASSERIM at Moulmein, Lobb.

Annual. Stem 4-10 in., simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous,
serratures ciliate, hairs at the base not glandular; petiole 3-1 in. Peduncles 1-3 M
erect or spreading; raceme terminal, 8-14-flowered; bracts setaceous, persistent, pa "
cels 1-1 in. Flowers 4 in. long, white? with purple streaks on the lip, sepals varia»?
in shape, usually linear ; standard with a green spur at the tip ; claw of wings ain
long, very narrow, strap-shaped, blade shorter than the claw, obovate-cuneate, with a
callous auricle at the base; lip large for the plant, very concave, acuminate ; spur
sometimes as long as the lip, and turned up along its base. Capsule å in; trapezol i
acutely beaked, glabrous. Seeds 2-3, oblong, compressed, opaque, glabrous.—An e
ceedingly curious species, the long slender claws of the wings are unique in the genu t
The farm of the wing itself, as described, I have not ascertaine with sufficien
confidence. I

87. I. racemulosa, Wail. Cat. 7274; stem simple erect leafy, leaves
long-petioled elliptic-ovate acute crenate-serrate, petiole eglandular, p
flexuous axillary 6-8-flowered, bracts ovate, pedicels capillary, oe 0
$in. sepals obliquely ovate, standard small orbicular, terminal lo “der
wings very large }-orbicular violet, lip boat-shaped, spur incurved siente?
H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 138. .

* Kuasta Mrs., in marshes, alt. 4-5000 ft., Gomez, &c.; Buoran, Herb. Grifi th u-

Stem 6-8 in., succulent, sometimes thick. Leaves 14-24 in., membranous, w T
late. Racemes 1-2 in., horizontal; pedicels scattered, spreading, 4 in. ; pracie 1 deep
coriaceous, persistent, glandular at the tip. Flowers $ in. across the wings, one spur
fine violet colour; standard not spurred at the back ; lateral lobes of wings ema is
1-3 in., obtuse, curved into a semicircle. Capsule short, } in., clavate, acute, 8'3 '

Seeds few, small.—A very beautiful plant, allied to none.

B. Capsule linear.
B r.—OPPOSTTIFOLIA and VERTICILLATA. (See J. tripetala in B IL)

88. I. Roylei, Walp. Rep. i. 475 ; tall, robust, branches quite em
leaves usually opposite and whorled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 ed or
serrate, stipules of seta, peduncles subterminal, flowers many um w short,
racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate very obtuse, bgt 127
capsule clavate beaked cernuous. Z.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. e :

I. glandulifera, Royle Ill. 151, t. 28, f. 9'; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 22;

Bot. Mag. t. 4020,

Inpatiens] XXXII. GERANIACER. (S Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 469

Temperate Western Himalaya; common from Nrrar to Marr, alt. 6-8000 ft.

A handsome often gigantic species, 4-10 ft., with the stem as thick as the thumb,
fleshy. Leaves very variable as to disposition, size, breadth, petiole, and cutting of
the margin, base rounded or acute; stipules of stout gland-tipped sete. Peduncles
2-5in., stout, straight, erect; bracts ovate lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers usually pale
red-purple, sometimes white; sepals 4-1 in., green. Capsule 1-3 in., clavate, or
much narrowed towards the base, top abruptly beaked, glabrous, usually drooping, very
turgid in the middle. Seeds large, broadly obovoid; testa opaque, spongy.— Very
closely allied to Z longicornu, sulcata, and Thomsoni. Edgeworth considers that
: moschata differs specifically in its musky odour, habit, and more deeply serrated
eaves.— Seeds eatable raw, tasting like nuts.

Van. 1; leaves crenate-serrate, serratures glandular.

Var. 2. moschata ; leaves alternate and whorled, coarsely serrate, less glandular.
L. moschata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 38. . .

. 4k. 3. candida; uppermost leaves opposite or whorled, flowers white spotted with
crimson. IL candida, Lindl. in Bot. Heg. 1840, Misc. 85; 1841, t. 20. .

. AR. 4. macrochila; upper leaves alternate, terminal lobes of the wings longer
dimidiate-ovate falcate. I. macrochila, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 8.

89. I. Thomsoni, Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 128; tall, robust,
branched, quite glabrous, leaves opposite below whorled or alternate
above, petivled ovate acuminate coarsely serrate, stipules pulvinate,

duncles erect, flowers umbelled, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard entire,
Wings 2-lobed, lip conical narrowed into the rather long spur, capsule
narrowly clavate. f

quer ranges of the Temperate Himalaya, Pitt and Kuwawum, alt. 9-10,000 fa
19 x qm; p ox and Garwaat, alt. 12,000 ft., Strach. & Wint. ; Sikk1M, alt.

? ^, " . .

Probably a small state of 7. Roylei or sulcata, 2-12 in. high, with flowers only half
the 81Ze, a conical or trumpet-shaped lip narrowed into the spur, and a narrower cap-
sule 1-1 in, long. It is only found in the interiorand drier Himalayan ranges, and
varies exceedingly in the size of all its parts. The flowers are pale and spotted. The
pules usually form a large glandular tubercle.

9». I. sulcata, Wall. Cat, 4764 in part ; stem stout erect gr ooved
quite glabrous, leaves usually opposite and whorled elliptic-ovate or lan
Ceolate coarsely crenate-serrate, stipules pulvinate, flowers many umbelle
of racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate obtuse, spur short
Inflexed, capsule elongate horizontal. H. £ T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv.
"dm sigantea, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 38.

*mperate Himalaya, alt. 7—12,000 ft., from Marri to SIKKIM. .

A gigantic annual herb Vaid te attain 15 ft. in height, but I never saw it more than
Sin i ikkim, with furrowed fistular stems, so like J. Roylei that I suspect 1t may Prove
4 variety of that plant, differing in the more crenate leaves, stipules (a very vari:
able character), and the longer narrow inclined capsules 1 in. long, which are “th
slightly clavate, and have similar large eatable seeds. It should also be compared with
States of T. "gicornu. The 4 lateral sepals are sometimes developed in Sikkim.
Var. minor ; smaller, lip conical.—Kunawur, alt. 8000 ft., T. Thomson.

9l. I. amplex dgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 37; tall,
branched, quite ERN ordo sessile lower opposite oblong-lanceolate
Upper alternate ovate-lanceolate amplexicaul, all crenate-serrate, spu es
Imate or obsolete, flowers umbelled or racemed, standard, dex d

' Wings 2-lobed, lip saccate acute or obtuse, spur short inilexed,

“psule slender horizontal. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 129. Lu
p,Vestern Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kuru, Edgeworth; Sura, Lady

te; Kumaon, Strach, & Wint. f

470 XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f.) |Impatiens.

A very distinct species in foliage, and at once recognised by the alternate am-

lexicaul upper leaves, but the lower leaves, habit, flowers and fruit differ little from
r sulcata and Thomsoni. The stem is 4-angled, peduncles short, flowers fewer and
smaller, and the capsule is hardly clavate, 1-1} in.

Biu.—Unirtora. (See also Z. discolor, spirifer and serrata under B ur,
which are sometimes 1-flowered).

92, X. tripetala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 453 ; tall, glabrous, rarely
pubescent, branched, stout, leaves large membranous long petioled opposite
alternate or whorled ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenu ate,
pedicels slender solitary or fascicled, flowers large, sepals subulate falcate,
standard obovate spurred at the back, wings small, lip deeply saccate,
spur short abrupt incurved. I. multiflora, Wall. Cat. 4742; H. f. € T. m

ourn. Linn. Soc. iv, 126.

Tropical Himalaya, Sikxrw, alt. 2-5000 ft, J. D. H.; Buorax, Duphla Hills,
Booth; Assam, Siner, and Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft. : ith

Annual. Stem stout, succulent, 13-2 ft., swollen at the nodes, simple or with 0p-
posite branches. Leaves 2-8 in., exclusive of the petiole, which is often 5 in J rs

ranous, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above, nerves very numerous, i a

crenatures often with bristles. Pedicels 4-1 in., glabrous, bracteate at the base vb
fascicled on a short peduncle. Flowers red or purple, 13 in. from the base of the e:
tip of the standard, glabrous or pubescent; sepals very small for the size of the pd.
standard galeate; wings with two suborbicular lobes ; lip rounded at the base, muda
narrowed into a spur. Capsule 4-3 in., ellipsoid, quite glabrous. Seeds many, py B ° ag
testa rough opaque.—Specimens of this might be referred to sections B. 1. and i Wi
according as the leaves are opposite or alternate, and the pedicels solitary or cole’
on a peduncle.

93. I. puberula, DC. Prodr, i. 684; slender, erect, leafy, pubescens
leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate crenate acuminate eglandular, pedice
subterminal bracteate slender 1-flowered, flowers pubescent vio et, sep
broad, standard orbicular notched dorsally winged, terminal lobe of wings
broadly semi-obovate, lip conoidal, spur long slender ineurved, * in
slender. _ Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 83, t. 193; Cat. 4767 A; H.P. & h
Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 141. I. mollis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. bd. Care
u. 461. I. hispidula, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4740.

Temperate regions of the Sikxiw and Nirar, Himataya, alt. 5-6000 ft. branous,

Stem 2-3 ft., sparingly branched, pubescent above. Leaves 1-3 in., mem u Yin.
usually pubescent on both surfaces; petiole rather short; stipules 0. P edicels i or .
pubescent, usually confined to the uppermost axils; bracts subulate, basa ? nate;
flower flat, 11-13 in. from the standard to the wings; sepals broad ovate bur; wings
standard almost as large as the two wings, and, like them, of a deep violet colour; Ln.
of 2 sessile lobes, lateral smaller rounded ; lip rather small; spur j in. Ca this under
glabrous. Seeds immature.—In the Linnean Journal I confounded with tu isa
variety B, a Khasia plant which I now find should be referred to Z. bella, leaving than
single-flowered species. The Sikkim specimens are larger leaved and more glabrous
the Nipalese.

94. X. arguta, 77. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 137 ; slender, ges
glabrous or sparsely ubescent, leaves ovate or lanceolate sharp
rate, petiole usually glandular, peduncle very short 1-3-flower: rd orbi-
setaceous twisted or 0, flower large, sepals ovate-cordate, stan viet :
cular spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very long pen a
elongate saccate, spur short stout incurveđ, ; .

|: - , u: scu w eee

Inpatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACEZ, ($ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 471

Shaded woods of the Sixxiw Himaraya, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Knasia Mrs., alt. 3-6000
ft; Buorax, at Duphla, Booth ; Bima, at Momyen, J. Anderson.

“sm only a variety of T. spirifer, but a stronger growing plant, often much
branche , leaves more strongly toothed, often ciliate at the base, petiole usually glan-
dular, bracts, when present, very curiously twisted, lip deeper, and spur not spiral.
Capsule 1 in., stout. Seeds orbicular, small, opaque, granulate.—1 have found 4 late-
ral sepals on this species; it was the commonest Darjeeling one in 1848.

B mui—AXILLIFLORZ.

* Standard usually spurred at the back.

95 X. Jurpia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4761 ; tall, shrubby, branched,
glabrous or pubescent, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-
acuminate often oblique crenate, peduncles very long 1-3-flowered, flowers

» bracteoles and sepals minute, standard obcordate usually with a long
dorsa] spur, terminal lobe of wings obovate or oblong, lip, very large saccate,
Spur short stout incurved. H. J. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 140.

Shaded woods of the temperate and subtropical Himalaya from Nipau to Buoray ;
Kasra Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft.
. Stem 5-8 ft., stout and woody below; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3-10
m., very membranous, many-nerved, with scattered hairs above, often red beneath,
often ciliate towards the base; nerves numerous, slender; petiole usually long and
Slender, often glandular. Peduncles 2—4 in., slender; bracts subulate; pedicels 4-1 in.
ers nearly 2 in. from the spur to the tip of the standard, white or pale straw-
coloured or orange-red ; standard with a spur sometimes 4 in. long, at others obsolete ;
Wings small, lateral lobes rounded, included, terminal exserted, twice as large, notched
att * üp or not, with an inflexed auricle on the inner margin ; lip very large and
road, usually rounded at the base; spur stout, obtuse. Capsule 1-1} in., narrow-linear,
Cavate, acute, glabrous, „Seeds many, small, opaque, suborbicular, tubercled—A
splendid Species, closely allied in flower to J. spirifer, arguta, and discolor. The
Pedune $5 are sometimes 9 in. long, and bear many alternate broad ovate small per-
“stent thick bracts and no flowers. Amongst Cathcart’s drawings of Darjeeling plants
5 white-flowered species, probably a variety of this, with large bracts and a very short
Spar on the standard. ,

s I. discolor, Wall, Cat. 4767 ; 1 DC. Prodr. i. 687; slender, erect,
ranched, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles
ort axillary 1~3-flowered, bracts broad ovate gland-tipped, flowers large,
sepals rather large broadly ovate, standard orbicular spurred at the back,
™inal lobe of wing large pendulous, lip very large deep conoidal nar-
rowed into a short stout involute obtuse spur. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
‘Vv. 137. I. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Watdem. Bot. 121, t.15 A.

emperate NiPAT and SIKKIM Himaraya, alt. 6-8000 ft. ng at
th he rous, or pubescent on the leaves above. Stem 3-5 ft., decumbent and rooting a
ase, Leaves membranous, crenatures coarse, with a bristle in the sinus; nervos
y 5 petiole variable naked. Peduncle and pedicels together 1-2 m., very slender,
8 zin, scattered. Flowers 13-2 in., violet-blue with a pink-purple veined very
m LE Standard small; wings as in Z. arguta,and spirifer, which this much re
"w es in foliage and flowers, but differs wholly in the fruit. Capsule 3 in., slender,
vate and acuminate beyond the middle, the lower portion being seedless. Seeds un-
sola o> Very common Darjeeling species. De Candolle describes the flower on yo
suspect that he has had 7. urticeefolia (or perhaps J. flavida) in his eye, with whic
E cies this has mnch in common; in this the leaves are more uniform, less crowded
Pwards and less drawn out at the apex ; and the flowers are more uniformly lateral.

97. x Spirifer, 77. f. £ T.i ‘nn. Soc. iv. 135 ; erect, glabrous
p . Z. . tn Journ. Linn. Soc. 1v. ; , ,
% sparsely pubescent, leaves long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acu-

479 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (Š Dalsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

minate coarsely crenate upper sessile, stipules setose, peduncles 1-2, sepala
large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular spurred behind; termina, te
wings very long pendulous, lip subcampanulate, spur short spiral, cap
long slender. ,
Temperate and subtropical woods of the Sikkim Himaraya, alt. 4-7000 ft. Landed
Stem 8-10 in., slender, sparingly branched. Leaves membranous, ee inclines
into the slender cylindrical petiole, apiculate in the crenatures. Pedune es n Waw
2 and connate at the base, ebracteate, very slender, shorter or longer than inlet-purple
Flowers 1} in. from the spur to the tip of the apiculate standard; wings al inflated,
the terminal lobe sometimes 1} in. long, elliptic-oblong ; lip deeply con a le lin.
narrowed into the spiral spur, pale rose-coloured streaked with purple. ] n allied to
very slender. Seeds small, globose, puberulous.—A lovely plant, c P" The cüriodb
T. arguta, but the flowers are almost invariably solitary, and it wants
united bracts.

° 1 e

98. I. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 7275; slender, quite glabrous, sem, sip
creeping below, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate grey
2-glandular near the base, peduncles 2-3-flowered, bracts setaceors £ ce
tipped, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard orbicular spurred at the de
minal lobe of wings elongate pendulous, lip large conoid deep "i Linn.
into a rather long abruptly hooked spur. H. f. & T. Journ.
Soc. iv. 138.

Kuasta Mrs., Wallich; in marshes at Kala Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H d fedi
Stem simple, 12-18 in, succulent. Leaves 14-24 in., membranous, Flowers large,
petiole 1-14 in. Peduncle with the pedicels shorter than the leaves. " tandard and
14 in. long, pale yellow or straw-coloured, beautifully striated with re ' Jar in profile,
wings as in Z. discolor, but the lip is very different, being almost triangu tly not more
narrowed into a spur as long as itself. Capsule very immature, apparently
than 4 in., acuminate.

ves
99. I. scabrida, DC. Prodr. i. 687 ; glabrous or ubescent, A
ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, stipules of two large " -cordate,
duncles short 2-6-flowered, bracts setaceous, sepals broad ova cua
standard very large orbicular spurred behind, wings smaller, T fel.
as long as the incurved spur. Wall. Cat, 4769 ; Wight Ic. t. 223 t 9: Hook.
in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 136, I. tricornis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 Ind. Ed.
Bot. Mag. t. 4051. L cristata and I. calycina, Wall, n Roxb. £t.
Carey, ii. 456 and 463, I. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 204. 10,000 ft.
Shady woods of the temperate Himalaya, from Kunawar to Buoray, pu in. "sessile
Robust, often much branched, 3-5 ft., rarely quite glabrous. Leaves :

e A d wit
or narrowed into the naked petiole. Flowers 1 in., golden-yellow, SP icels as long;
h smaller,

succu-
100. X. tropeeolifolia, Grif. mss, ; nearly glabrous, stem sto rulate
lent branched, leaves petioled elliptic-obovate acuminate cr M broad orbi-
peduncles succulent 2-3-flowered, flowers large yellow, sep: wings ve
cular-ovate, standard orbicular thick green with a dorsal Spur e inner
large clawed 2-lobed with an inflexed thickened auricle 0
margin, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a stout incurved spur.
Misumr Hits, Griffith. in, rather thick,
Annual a foot high; stem diaphanous, flexuous. Leaves 2-3} in»

Sa IPA

Inpatiens] XXXII. GERANIACEX. ($ Balsaminex, Hook. f.) 478

glabrous or sparsely puberulous above, white beneath, teeth with subspiral bristles,
nerves slender; petiole 1—2 in. ; stipular glands obsolete or 0. — Peduncles 14 in., appa-
rently not stiff ; bracts small, caducous ; pedicels slender. Flower about 1 in. diam. ;
sepals acuminate, green; standard very coriaceous or fleshy; wings 1 in. long, claw
road, dilating first into a rounded lateral lobe, which is followed by twice as large a
rounded terminal lobe; a curious incurved and thickend semilunar fold of the inner
nargin occurs opposite the union of the lobes; lip large; spur 1 in. long. Fruit un-
own.—This fine species may belong to A v. in the short-fruited section.

** Standard not spurred, but sometimes gibbous at the back. (See also
100, tropzolifolia.)

101. I. levigata, Wall. Cat. 4753; shrubby, erect, glabrous, leaves
Petioled elliptic- or obuvate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate, peduncles
ty very short stout, bracts large, flowers racemed and crowded or
solitary yellow, sepals very large green orbicular, standard transversely
long not spurred behind, wings short 2-lobed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed
mto a hooked spur of its own length or shorter. Z.f. & T. in Journ. Linn.
- 1V. 146,
Shaded woods in the KHuAsIA Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. .
tem 4-6 ft., woody below, branched; branches nodose, sometimes puberulous.
wes 4-6 in., membranous, often oblique at the base, serratures with a bristle;
Petiole 1-1 in., sometimes glandular. Peduncles 4-1 in., usually crowded in the upper
axils, stout, 1-4-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse, sometimes š in. ; pedi-
ce's short, stout. Flowers 1-14 in. long, pale yellow streaked with pink on the wings
and lip ; sepals very large indeed, sometimes 4 in. long, acute, very oblique ; upper
Wing-lobeg short, oblong, obtuse, lower almost twice as large, oblong, unequally 2-lobed,
notched ; lip and spur i-1l in.
l 102, x, Catheartii, J/ook.f.; erect, shrubby, branched, glabrous,
faves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles
tillary long stout, bracts small, flowers laxly racemed large, sepals: very
large coloured orbicular, standard orbicular gibbous or spurred behind,
+88 short 2-lobed, lip saccate with a short stout incurved spur.
Shaded forests in the Srxxim Himaraya, alt. 3-5000 ft., J. D. H. se "but dif
ferin “Yge ramous species, nearest allied to Z. lævigata in foliage and habit, but lif
o rm the long very stout peduncled racemes, 3-7 in. long, smaller bracts, anger pi :
mers 2-23 in, long, with bright rese-coloured spur and standard; in the re (not
aia Sepals and more saccate lip.—As in Z. Jurpia and other species the standar
"es in being spurred or only gibbous at the back.

103, x, serrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4771; glabrous, erect, simple or
M ey branched, leaves sessile or shortly petioled ovate-lanceolnte acu-
fo ri sharply serrate eglandular, stipules glandular or 0, pedicel verys enc er

"ed in the middle z-flowered, bracts setaceous scattered, sepals large
abe standard oblong clawed, wings clawed narrow, lip oblique conoid, spur

ut equalling the flower. H, f. & T. in Journ, Linn, Soe, iv. 136.
and x ein the temperate regions of NiPAL, Wallich ; Sixxim, alt. 8-10,000 ft.,
AN, fth.
pum slender, p ft. Leaves membranous, narrowed gradually into the petiole.
tat §-14 in. long, yellow or white spotted with red ; sepals very varia ° some-
length or, large, and almost orbicular; standard and wings apparently remo e "m »
my of their Claws ; spur abrupt, recurved. Capsule 1-14 in., very sien er e
ach narrow obovoid, strong y tubercled.—Alhedsto Z. scabrida, but smaller, more
* with differently shaped lip, spur, and sepals.

104. T, 1o : ; iv.150 ; quite glabrous
ba ODgipes, 77. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 150 ; quite g ,
tall, Pranched, leaves dint shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-

474 XXXII, GERANIACEJE. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

acuminate crenate, peduncles solitary axillary very long slender arcuate,
raceme: terminal 3-5-flowered, bracts subulate caducous, flowers 1 m.
yellow, sepals 2-4 small, standard orbicular apiculate, wings with a long
narrow twisted terminal lobe, lip trumpet-shaped, spur slender hooked.

Temperate Sixxm HIMALAYA, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. A. . b

A very distinct plant, 3-4 ft., with scattered uniform leaves and long axillary su
horizontal peduncles, 2-5 in.long. Stipules 0. Stem subtetragonous. Leavis,
in., membranous, rather falcate ; petiole 1-4 in. Flowers loosely racemed, pale yellow,
unspotted; buds rounded at the apex. Sepals sometimes 4, ovate-lanceolate ; late 7
wing-lobe rounded, terminal 1 in., broadly subulate. Capsule not seen,—I hae ”
cited any other habitat for this species but Sikkim; the Kumaon plauts cited in Jou A
Linn. Soc. being imperfect. In the form of the flower it is most allied to I. laxiflor
and its allies,

105. E. urticifolia, Wall. in Roxb. Fl; Ind, Ed. Carey, ii. 457 ; Cat. $0655
simple or sparingly branched, quite glabrous, leaves large lower "E
petioled elliptic-ovate caudate-acuminate coarsely crenate, peduncles ar
illary and subterminal very slender arched 3-5-flowered, bracts pere
slender, flowers large purple or yellow, sepals obliquely ovate, stan
orbicular, wings 2-lobed, lip shortly saccate, spur short incurved or hoo
I. urticifolia, vars. a and y, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 152.

Temperate Himalaya, Near, Wallich; Sixxrm, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D .H. essile,

Stem 2-3 ft., usually slender, and hardly branched. Leaves 4-6 in., upper 8 etii
membranous, tips long and quite entire; nerves many spreading, very slender; dor 0.
tures with subbasal bristles ; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands sessile or pedicel e ba
Peduncles 2-5 in., usually axillary, sometimes subterminal and clustered, alway? ri
slender, horizontal, and more or less arched ; divided, as it were, at the top A A e
filiform pedicels, which, as well as the bracts (nearly } in.), are very slender, A treaks,
spread. Flowers yellow according to Wallich, white or pale purple with 7e bscurely
inthe Sikkim specimen, 2 in. diam. ; sepals oblique, long-pointed ; standard o T m
keeled; wings with broad lateral lobes and elongate oblong terminal ones ; spur a
as broad as deep, apiculate, base contracted but rounded, spur stout, obtuse: ¿ rel
lin. inclined, linear, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe.— This resembles Cont
deal Z. amphorata, but is distinguished by its long, arched, filiform, usu aliy de by its
peduncles, which do not bear a raceme, but as it were divide into pedicels, *Wallich’s
ong slender bracts. It is most nearly allied to Z. longipes and I. cymbifera. of the
description of the flower is imperfect, and I am unable to examine the wings
dried specimens,

ves

106. I. cymbifera, Mook. f.; slender, branched, quite glabro ideis
petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharp ^ leaves
serrate, peduncles axillary and subterminal much shorter than t Js large
filiform 1—4-flowered, bracts large caducous, flowers large lilac, sepa” ig
orbieular-ovate, standard orbicular gibbous behind, lateral wine boat-
rounded, terminal elongate-oblong conniving, lip broadly and deep M Link
shaped rounded below, spur 0, Í urticifolia 8, H. f. & T.m Jora
oc. iv. 152,

Inner valleys of the Sixkrw HIMALAYA ; Lachoong river, alt. 8-10,0 aves 4-8 its

Stem 2-3 ft., green with pale red-purple blotches; branches slender. , y
membranous, tip quite entire, crenatures or serratures very shallow, n d; stipt
subterminal bristle; nerves many, arched, slender ; petiole 3-4 ma haqa apei with
glands sessile. Peduncles 14-3 in., spreading, capillary ; bracts A aod with red;
long points; pedicels divaricating. Flowers 1-1} in. long, pale lilac spo ) side of the
sepals nearly as long as the standard, acuminate, green on one the upper wing-lobes
midrib, lilac on the other ; standard much vaulted, hardly, keeled ; ipee apic
horizontal, obtuse, conniving and parallel; lip $ in. long, ovoid in ou

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACER. ($ Balsaminex, Hook. f.) 475

almost hemispherical below. Capsule 2-1 in., linear, cuspidate, torulose, glabrous.

45 lew, young obovoid acute at the hilum, opaque.—Most nearly allied to T. urtici-
folia, Wall, differing in the acute small serratures of the leaves, short peduncles,
caducous broad bracts, and the curious concave boat-like spurless lip.

B 1v.—SuUBUMBELLATA,

107. I. bicornuta, Wall. in Row). Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 460 ; Cat. 4765 ;

» Stout, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate
crenate caudate-acuminate, racemes subterminal interrupted, pedicels
Whorled, bracts narrow persistent, flowers rather large, sepals smail, standard
proicular, wings caudate, lip horned at the tip produce downwards into a
toad conoid or oblong incurved sac, spur short hooked or incurved.
_longicornu, Wall, Cat, 4729 in part, not of Flor. Ind, I. iongicornu,

Var. a; H. f.d T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148.

pantal and Western Temperate Himalaya; Niean, Wallich; Garwuat, Strach. d

A tall, leafy, much-branched annual; stem stout, succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., mem-
"nous, with sometimes a few scattered hairs on the upper surface, crenate, bristles 0
o basal; petiole 1-3 in, often with prominent basal stipular glands. Peduncles
~ in. rather stout, erect; racemes many-flowered; bracts whorled, ovate, with long

prominent glandular tips; pedicels 3-1 in., slender. Flowers 3-1 in. long from tip of
P to that of standard ; buds 2-horned by the spur and projecting glandular herbaceous
m of the lip, which is large, broad, and remarkably incurved; wings with small
ateral lobes and narrow terminal ones. Capsule (according to Wallich) 14 in., cylin-
c, smooth, shining. Seeds 8-10, subcylindric.—Under Wallich's 4729 (J. longi-
cornu) there is a fine specimen of this, together with one of Z. sulcata, and another of
an) horata ? to neither of which does his character of the double-horned bud apply ;
Cat as the said fine Specimen accords with another called J. bicornuta, but without a
“gue number, in Wallich's Herbarium, collected in Nipal in 1821, and with his
“seription of that plant in Roxburgh’s Flora Indica, I retain the name here. The
Pimen in his Herbarium bearing the Catalogue name of J. bicornuta, has the spur
;r more like that of Z. amphorata, but it has not the broad sepals. The name
wh cite In his Herbarium is inapplicable to any of the 3 plants in the sheet to
"lich it is attached, and had best be suppressed; and all the more because it 1s not

1 own i longicornu published in Roxburgh (which is De Candolle’s, and his own
as).

lend, I. amphorata, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 39; erect, branched,

Oder or robust, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic acuminate-crenate with
ra ar stipules, racemes subterminal subumbellately interrupted, bracts
enla persistent, flowers large, sepals small broadly cordate, standard orbi-
bro orsally keeled or crested, wings with short lobes, lip a large deep

led rarely conical obtuse sac with a short abrupt incurved spur, capsule

Western Te f
. emperate Himalaya, from Kasumir to Kumaon, alt. 5-8000 ft.

aa ii and foliage of this are quite those of J. bicornuta, but the petioles are more
of the | y 2-glandular at the base, with the glands either sessile or stipitate, t ° apex
* 1$ not so produced into an entire linear tail, the raceme is een " y
TY diffe i the sepals are constantly cordate, and the lip is usta, ; 0 à
though “cnt shape, being very large, subcylindric and saccate, rarely cond al, and
the na at times apiculate, never having the strong callous green points whic suggest

eee bicornuta for that plant. The flowers are, I believe, rose-coloured an
a wut red veins ; the lip, often 2 in., is in one specimen from Simla, draon out
The kand circiunate at the tip, and with the spur considerably over an inc Long
Me ìs erect, 3-13 in., linear, acuminate, not at all clavate. Seeds few, large,

476 XXXII, GERANIACEX. (Š Balsamineæ, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

oblong, compressed ; testa rugose.— The following varieties are distinguished as species
by Mr. Edgeworth :— . "oa a
Van. 1. amphorata proper; stipular glands pedicelled, standard crested, minga d
equally hatchet-shaped, lip very obtuse, spur incurved, capsule subterete. 4. Moh a
rata, Edgeworth, lc. I. longicornu, Wall. Cat. 4729, in part. I. umbrosa, ding to
Linn. Soc. Journ. I. picta, Knowles & Wescott Floral Cabinet, t. 128 (according
G specimen in Herb. Lindley). . . dually
AR. 2. umbrosa; stipular glands sessile obtuse, pedicels glandular, lip Mp
narrowed into the incurved spur, capsule subtorulose. I. umbrosa. Edge. on 151,
Linn. Soc. xx. 39. I. longicornu, var. a and ò, nob. Le. I. bicolor, Roy! . 195
t. 28. I. Roylei, Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Wald. 121, t. 15 B. ] landular
Van. 3. pallens ; stipular glands unequal ear-shaped, pedicels thickened eg "gar.
flowers smaller paler, lip gradually narrowed into a revolute spur. L pallens, A
Le. 39. I. longicornu, var. pallens, Nob. Le.

109. I. Edgeworthii, Mook. f.; tall, robust, branched, glabrous, era
large petioled elliptic acuminate acutely serrate, peduncles su t often
fascicled, raceme short, interrupted, bracts large keeled persib l ri
whorled, flowers large yellow and red, sepals very large orbien a blong
crested, standard orbicular crested, lateral wing-lobes obliquely 3 spur.
terminal oblong, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into an incurve
I. longicornu, var. y cristata, Nob. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 148. Baye
Western Temperate Himalaya at Kundau and the Beas Valley in Kowo,
worth. : t the leaves

This resembles very closely I. bicornuta in habit, stature, and foliage, bu are very
are sharply serrate, the serratures tipped with glandular bristles, the sepa "ls 29d
large, nearly j in.long, crested on the midrib, and the lip is broadly fair rs in
without the callous green points of that species. From . umbrosa 1t boat hs
same points (except the last). The stipular glands are tumid ; the bracts Standard to
with long stiff glandular points; the lower 1 in. long from the tip of the Š xcept the
the spur; the sepals green, rest of the flower yellow streaked with red, e i

in
broad crested midrib of the standard, which is green. Capsule and seeds as
I. amphorata,

ed
110. I. mishmiensis, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, stem stout bey
leaves petioled elliptic-oblanceolate acuminate serrate, pedune led per
axillary, flowers large white in broken whorls, bracts large wbor on
sistent, sepals large broad ovate, standard orbicular obtusely sp into
the back, terminal wing-lobes elongate, lip funnel-shaped narrowe
short incurved spur.
Misumr Mrs., Grifith. : s the
A stout apparent succulent plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves 6 1n., crowded isis
ends of the branches, membranous, sometimes gland-tipped, nerves very P leaves;
13-2 in. ; stipular glands 0 or obsolete. Peduncles stout, shorter than the ph more of
in., spreading, acuminate, concave, green; pedicels 3-1 in. Flowers rs al parently
less umbelled, about 14 in. diam. ; sepals and standard flesh-coloured ; VA wit " yellow,
clawed and 2-lobed, both lobes being narrow, the terminal larger, tinge 1} in, linear.
and with 2 yellow spots; lip large; spur about 1 in. Capsule unripe, l1-
leaves
111. I. radiata, Hook. f.; tall, quite glabrous, much branche ond
long-petioled elliptic-ovate' or lanceolate acuminate crenate, nume
fascicled towards the ends of the branches erect, pedicels Met ” :
more or less whorled, bracts persistent, flowers small elow lip coni
sepals small, standard orbicular, terminal wing-lobe elon p Linn. S
ending in a short straight spur. I. racemosa, H. f. duh
Journ. iv. 147, not of De Candolle and Wallich.

Impatiens.] XXXII, GERANIACER, (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f) — 477

Sixxm HINALAYA, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kuasra Mrs., alt. 5-7000 ft.
A large leafy species, 3-5 ft., with copious inflorescence. Leaves 3-5 in., often fas-
cicled towards the top of the stem, crenatures large, bristles basal ; petiole 4-3 in.,
with two large stipuliform glands at the base. Peduncles 3-8 in., corymbosely crowded,
strict, stiff, with 2-5 whorls of stiff spreading pedicels 41-2 in. long; bracts whorled,
m., ovate, with long stout glandular points. Flowers 4 in. including the spur,
ellow or purplish, bud rounded at the top; sepals lanceolate, with long points like the
tacts; standard neither winged, keeled nor spurred ; spur straight with a swollen tip,
much shorter than the pedicel. Capsule 3-1 in., strict, rarely inclined, usually in a line
with the pedicel, linear, hardly at all clavate, glabrous. Seeds between obovoid and
oblong, small and smooth or nearly so, apiculate at the hilum.—A very distinct plant,
though in a dry state small specimens are indistinguishable trom several of its allies

mB. v. The Sikkim specimens have larger seeds than the Khasian,

B v.—RACcEMOSE.

* Bracts deciduous ; spur long, slender.

| 112, I. insignis, DC. Prodr. i. 688; glabrous, stem simple robust,
€aves sessile elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate thick, nerves many
strong, peduncles subterminal usually numerous stout long erect, raceme
rminal, bracts large caducous, flowers crowded red, sepals large, standard
Uy oblong recurved, wings small 2-lobed, lobes short, lip conoidal
tapering into a long curved spur. Wall. Plant. As. Rar. ii. 83, t. 194;
%. 4766; H. f. d» T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 150.
Dey pe I he nodes, leaf
m 1-2 ft., quite simple, very stout. hard, angled, swollen at the nodes, leafy.
Leaves 2-5 in., almost corlaeeous, serraturos close-set, tipped with a stout bristle, midrib
and nerves prominent, transverse nerves very distinct; stipnles of 2 glands. Peduncles
1 crowded at the top of the stem, 4-8 in., rigid; bracts } in., boat-shaped, acute ;
cels 1-3 in. erect in flower spreading in fruit. Flowers 1$ in., dark rose; sepals
> acuminate ; standard neither keeled nor spurred ; lateral wing-lobes ovate,
below? terminal longer, oblong; lip with a stout point or horn, gradually contracting
9W into the flexuous spur, together 1 in. long. Capsule 1 in., narrow clavate, apicu-
Si e glabrous, cernuous.—Specimens in the Wallichian Herbarium are labelled as from
et, but I suspect through some error.

113. x. leptoceras, DC. Prodr. i. 688; very robust, much branched,
es close swollen, leaves sessile or petioled narrow lanceolate acuminate

ñ "Serrate, peduncles fascicled subterminal erect shorter than the leaves,
oer small (except the spur) crowded, bracts large boat-shaped with long
pnta deciduous, buds rounded, sepals large obliquely ovate-cordate, wings
obed with a short narrow claw, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender.
J: - Cat. 4770. I. longicornu, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 4621
quel I. Wl. Flor. Archip. Ind. 103, I. leptoceras var. a, H. f. & T. in Journ.

ES So.iv.153. L odorata, Don Prodr. 213.

IPAL, or Sheopore. Walli .—Disrnis. ? Java (Mi . .

Stem 2-4 ft. ? smooth re ae thick as the ent below branches with decurrent
iid] m the petioles, Leaves 5-6 in., very long-acuminate, serratures incumbent, with
pu i cristles ; nerves not stout, and without transverse nervules ; petiole 1-1 In. with
Saman stipular glands. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, stout, erect. Flowers yellow,

d In. diam.; bracts large, }-4 in., 3-nerved ; pedicels 1 in... Standard reader
Pointed £i Wings (I have given Wailich's descri tion in the specific c aracter) A ip
those ; "t not horned at the point; spur ascending or straight. Caps etached,
lj Jn the Wallichian Herbarium, and consequently possibly not of this species, are
Tati? very narrow, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe, oblong.—I find nothing
: bling Wallich's original specimens in any other collection, in point of robustness,

478 XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

short internodes (1 in.), swollen nodes, leafiness, very long narrow leaves, few flowers
terminating the short peduncles, and great length of spur. Amongst his distributed
specimens under this name, however, are T. racemosa, laxiflora? and others. He has
attached a mss. ticket of “ J. longicornu, Wall." (along with the lithographed Catalogue
ticket) to the original specimen, thus identifying this plant with that he described in
the Carey Edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica. In that work Wallich says he has
received the same plant from Western Nipal, gathered by Dr. Govan; but there are no
specimens of Govan's in his Herbarium, and I suspect that laxiflora or racemosa is
here alluded to, which he has distributed under the same number, and which De Can-
dolle probably describes as var, a. T. leptoceras resembles T. insignis, but the leaves
are longer, less coriaceous, and want the strong transverse nervules so well marked in
that plant; the peduncles are moreover much shorter, the flowers and sepals muc
smaller, the tip is not horned at. the points, and the spur is far longer. De Candolle
describes two varieties, a and 8, with peduncles respectively longer and shorter than
the leaves. The present plant is his 8 I suppose; his a being probably I. laxiflora.
I have, however, retained his name, as being in accordance with Wallich's determi
nation.

114. I. tuberculata, M.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 155 ; erect,
branched, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic acuminate crenate,
peduncles erect and pedicels short, bracts minute caducous, flowers sm
purplish, sepals falcate, standard orbicular, wings exserted broad obtuse,
ip boat-shaped with a very short spur, capsule short clavate tubercled.

Temperate and Subalpine Srxxrw HIMALAYA, alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. H.

Stem 2-3 ft, succulent. Leaves 2-4 in., more or less fascicled as if whorled at the
ends of the branches, rather thick, bristles of the serratures basal, nerves many, divort
ing; petiole |-4 in. ; stipular glands obscure or 0. —.Peduncles 1-14 in.; racemes 10
interrupted, 4-8-flowered ; pedicels 1-4 in. Flowers 4 in. diam. ; sepals much curved,
very small; standard orbicular, very concave, keeled at the back ; lateral win -lobes
orbicular, terminal produced (I think); lip apiculate; stem broad short. Caps
2 in., erect or horizontal, 5-angled, valves with 2 series of pustules or tubercles; tip
obtuse, with a curved spur or beak. Seeds 1 in., oblong, narrow, compressed ; testa
spongy, wrinkled, brown.—A very well marked species, by the shortly petioled leaves
with basal bristles in the crenatures, short peduncles and pedicels, peculiar caps es
and large seeds.

115. I. stenantha, Hook.f. ; tall, much branched, quite glabrous,
leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or caudate-acuminate
crenate, peduncles axillary and terminal, bracts caducous, owens
yellow, buds beaked at the rounded or subacute tip, sepals small mara
standard recurved, lateral wing-lobes oblong, terminal narrow elongate
acute or obtuse, lip trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique eer
narrowed into a long slender spur. Mrs., alt

SIKKIM HIMALAYA and E. = „į Kuasa Mts 0
5-6000 ft, Griffith, &c. Nirat, common, alt. 6-8000 fi

Usnally tall, erect, much branched. Leaves 2-6 in., crenatures with
basal bristles ; petiole 4-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or stipitate on the 8
Peduncles slender, shorter ot longer than the leaf; racemes short;
caducous long before the expansion of the flower. Flowers yellow, oft
red; bud 1 in. long, with a long terminal green beak; sepals sometimes $i long
orbicular or oblong ; wings with sometimes a twisted acute terminal lobe near y I en
as the spur, which is sometimes clubbed at the tip. Capsule 3 in., y ai e a itated
acuminate, glabrous. Seeds small, obovoid, compressed, opaque.—l long athi
before separating this from J. angustiflora, but the constantly caducous bracts | b will
Sikkim and the Khasia Mountains seem to indicate an important difference,
no doubt be confirmed when the structure of the flower is en known. flat re-

Van. 1; leaves large elliptic caudate-acuminate, terminal wing-lobes e
curved or twisted.—Sikkim.

basal or snb-

tem or petiole-

Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 479

? Var. 2; leaves small obtuse or subacute, peduncles few longer than the leaves,
terminal wing-lobe strap-shaped obtuse, flowers orange-vellow speckled with red, mouth
of lip hardly horned.—I. leptoceras, var. B, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153,
Khasia Mts., at Myrung and Nonkrim—perhaps a different species.

** Bracts persistent ; spur long, slender.

116. I. racemosa, DC. Prodr. i. 688 ; erect, quite glabrous, slender,
branched, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, `
Peduncles lateral and subterminal slender erect, bracts persistent, flowers

iin, sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings with a filiform process
escending into the spur, lip boat-shaped with a'curved spur equalling the

cel, I. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4730 in part ; I. tingens, Zdgew. in Trans.
Linn. Soc, xx. 4] 3 H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 151. I. micrantha,
Prodr, 203.

Temperate Himalaya ; from Stra, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Sixx, alt. 6-12,000 ft.
Stem 2-3 ft. high, sometimes glandular above. Leaves 3-9 in., membranous, crena-
S with a bristle in the sinus or near it; petiole 4-2 in., slender, naked or with
sessile or pedicelled stipular glands at the base. tacemes usually exceeding the
ves, not interrupted, lax, 6-10-flowered; bracts ovate, with stout glandular points ;
pedicels slender. ^ Flowers small (4 in.), yellow; sepals very variable, ovate or oblong,
Fh points like the bracts ; standard not spurred or winged ; wings narrow, pendulous,
teral lobes orbicular, terminal broadly strap-shaped, obtuse, with a basal rounded
auricle externally, a slender almost filiform process, with a glandular tip, descends from
* Inner margin of each wing into the spur. Capsule 3-$ in., linear-elavate, acumi-
hate, glabrous. Seeds large, oblong, compressed, rngose.—A careful examination of those
amens of Wallich’s Z. racemosa that agree with De Candoile's description, prove its
Mentity with Edgeworth’s Z. tingens, both having the curious filiform process of the
an L concealed in the spur; and this obliges me to alter the nomenclature adopted in
(whi mnean Journal, together with the description, as far as the Khasian specimens
a must be excluded) are concerned. I have failed to prove the existence of the said
sses in the dried Sikkim specimens, which are in a very unsatisfactory state for an
snalysis of such delicacy as that of the spur; but I think I detect their presence. The
Walk varies extremely in size of all its parts, but is always small-flowered. Some of
tects specimens have linear-lanceolate bracts. There are two shects marked
:Tacemosa in Wall. Herb., and on both are specimens of this, and of what is either
; radiata or a smali state of 7. bicornuta. The plant distributed by Wallich to the
*Xerian and Benthamian Herb., is that here described. Edgeworth (Trans. Linn.
his 5 escribes the standard as keeled and crested, which I do not find to be the case in

Pecimen, which precisely accords with Wallich’s.

qi I. laxiflora, Edgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 40 ; tall, branched,
Pedu, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate,
e], aces subterminal slender fascicled, bracts persistent lanceolate, pedi-
slender, flower } in. yellowish, buds rounded at the end, se als small,
or ead orbicular, lateral wing-lobes rounded or oblong termina rounded
Spur gate, lip conical apiculate narrowed into a long usually curve

s ggperate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. from Siwra to Sikkim; Kuasia Mrs, alt.
Stem 2-4 ft sl ; ded with basal
+ Slender. Leaves 3-5 in., membranous, crenatures ronnde

vena basal bristles, nerves slender ; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands various. Ped uncles
ick, excee Ing the leaves, slender; bracts small, narrow; pedicels not whorle a
ad na spreading, Flowers together with the spur, about 1 in. ; sepals usually abl
(if BET. Y ovate; standard not crested nor spurred at the back; wings very variable
lowing varieties all belong to one species); lip without a stout callous tip;
Straight or conical, tip often clubbed, Capsule $-1 in., narrowly clavate, mucro-

480 XXXII, GERANIACEZ. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

nate, glabrous. Seeds oblong, rugose, compressed, brown.—I have made this to in-
clude the common Himalayan Zmpatiens of the group with much larger flowers than
racemosa, crenate leaves, rounded tips to the buds, a long slender spur, and persistent
narrow bracts; whether all the following varieties are referable to it cannot deter-
mined from dried specimens. Edgeworth’s specimens in Herb. Bentham are not in an
examinable state. It differs from Z. leptoceras (to which I had referred. various of the
forms) in the broader shorter leaves, persistent bracts, and habit of growth; from
I. angustiflora, in the rounded buds and lip not ending in a beak; and from J. sten-
antha by the same characters and persistent bracts.

Var. 1. Edgeworthii; stipular glands 3-4 on each side of the petiole sessile, stan-
dard mucronate at the back, lateral wing-lobes obovate erect spotted yellow, termina
flat lanceolate rosy or purple?,"spur straight white spotted yellow and purple.—l. laxi-
flora, Edgew. l.c. Banks of streams at Sevaria, alt. 7-9000 ft, Kumaon, Strach, &
Wint. (Imp. 19).

Van. 2. Stracheyi; stipulary glands various, flowers yellow, lateral wing-lobes large
rounded spreading, terminal short, narrower obtuse.—Simla, T. 7. ; Birma, 7300 ft.,
Madden; Jagesur and Naintal in Kumaon, Str. & Wint. (Imp. 3); Sikkim, at
Choongtam, J. D. H.

VAR. 3. sikkimensis; stipular glands several small or 0, standard green with purple
spots, wings lilac spotted with purple, lip yellow-green.—Sikkim at Lachoong, alt.

t.

V AR. 4. khasiana; stipular glands 0 or sessile or pedicelled, flowers pale-yellow,
lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminal with a very broad rounded basal-
lobe on the outer margin and tongue-like obtuse apex.—Khasia, not common at Pom-
rang, Nunklow, Surureem and Molim. I. leptoceras var. a in part. H. f. $ T.i
Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153.

118. I. paludosa, Hook. f ; small, sparingly leafy, quite glabrous,
leaves shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or obtuse crenate-
serrate, peduncles 1-2 much longer than the leaves 2-4 flowered, bracts
broad boat-shaped, flowers yellow, buds rounded, sepals orbicular-ovate,
standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminà
very large spreading lobed at the side obtuse, lip boat-shaped apiculatt
narrowed into a long slender incurved spur. I. leptoceras, var. ¢ H.J. ef
in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv. 153.

Knasia Mrs.; marshes near Nonkrim and Pomrang, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. € T d

Stem 4-10 in., rather rigid. Leaves 1-2 in., rather distant, thickish, crenatures wit
basal bristles ; petiole 1— in. Peduncles 1-3 in., terminal and lateral; bracts š 1D»
spreading or reflexed. Flowers with the spur 1—11 in.; sepals more than half as long
as the keeled standard ; terminal wing-lobes about 4 in. broad ; spur clubbed at the rà
Capsule $ in., cylindric, apiculate, glabrons. Seeds minute, subovovate, ointed at d
hilum, rough, opaque.—1 was long disposed to rank this merely as a form of T laxiflora, y
besides that the habit is very different, the leaves are small, rather coriaceous, not long
acuminate, the peduncles are few and few-flowered, the bracts very broad an d
shaped, with short stiff glandular points, the sepals are much longer and broader, an
the capsule shorter. ;

119. I. angustiflora, Hook, f.; simple or branched, quite glabrum
leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate crena
peduncles subterminal clustered slender erect, bracts small lancen a
persistent, flowers yellow narrow, buds acuminate, sepals small, stan ip
orbicular or oblong, lateral wing-lobes small, terminal elongate, s
trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique tip narrowed into a long § e

curved spur. I. leptoceras n, 6, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. 06. iv. 193.
Kuasta Mrs., alt, 5-70 ; iffith.
00 ft., Lobb, &c.; Bnoraw, Griffith w acute buds, due

Very similar to T. laxiflora, but at once distinguished by the narro
to the very oblique mouth of the lip, which ends in a green strong subulate

Inpatiens.| | XXXII, GERANIACER. (Š Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 481

whence the unexpanded flower has a remarkably narrow form with a beaked tip; in
this respect it agrees with J. stenantha, which differs in the deciduous bracts. ‘he
Winglobes vary much in breadth, and in var. 2 the terminal-lobes are inflexed,
crossing one another; in var. 1 the form of the wing-lobes cannot be determined; sti-
pular glands sessile or pedicelled or 0.
int 1; stem slender, branched, leaves elliptic-ovate.— Surureem in woods.
otan. .

Van. 2; stem very robust shorter sometimes narrowly-winged above, leaves longer

harrow-lanceolate.—Moflong.

120. I. micranthemum, Edyew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 40; quite
abrous, stem slender branched with scattered glands, somewhat winged
Y the decurrent petioles, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate acuminate crenate,
Pecuncles subterminal fascicled and axillar very slender, bracts lan-
colate persistent, flowers iin. white, sepals small narrow, standard
orbicular, wings conniving, lateral lobes elliptic, terminal rounded, lip
ubular narrowed into a slender straight spur. H. f & T. in Journ. Linn.
: IV. 154, under I. laxiflora.

Temperate Western Himalaya; Suna, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Edgeworth, Thomson.

A tall slender pale succulent plant, with difficulty distinguished in a dry state from
L ra, except by the smaller flowers and straighter spur. Leaves 3-1 in., very
rarely opposite, flaccid, with often 2 glands at the base of the blade, crenatures with

tistles, upper subsessile ; stipular gland stipitate. Peduncles longer or shorter

the leaves; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels 3-1 in., capillary. Flowers white ;

standard with yellow and red spots. Capsule horizontal, 3-3 in., linear, apiculate, gla-

brous, Seeds oblong, rugulose.—I can find no valid characters in the description given

pucteby to separate T. elata ; both are probably forms of J. brachycentra, to which

eworth’s var, 8 of T. micranthemum may. be referable. .

Bigun » ; bristles of crenatures basal, pedicels glandular. I. micranthemum,

. Le,

AR. 2; bristles of crenatures subapical, pedicels glandular. I. elata, Edgew. Lc. 41.

* Bracts persistent, spur short or 0.
yee X. brachycentra, Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose, 1842, i.
eli ;.Téct, slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled

ptic acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled at the top of the
Em stout erect, racemes many-flowered, bracts minute persistent, flowers

mute pale, sepals ovate obtuse concave, standard broadly obovate, wings
eg long, lateral lobes rounded, terminal produced 2-lobed, lip boat-
a very short straight conical spur.

western temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., from KusNAWUR, Jacquemont, to
re Fleming, Diri, Soongaria. . .

Dual, 1-2 it. Stem usually naked below, not winged. Leaves 2-5in., very mem-
ra ous, teeth tipped with a bristle, nerves many, very slender ; petiole 4-1 in., slender,
h. th 2 sessile or stipitate stipular glands. Peduncles usually very numerous, 1-3
W. 7 slender, mostly subterminal, with a few reduced lateral ones in the lower axils ;
the 9, e 'àceous ; pedicels capillary. Flowers } in. whitish ; sepals large for the size of
tent wer ; standard not keeled or spurred. Capsule 3-3 in., narrow clavate, acute,
Of the oons, glabrous. Seeds few, oblong, pyriform, compressed, ragulose. The bristles
41) dig. eth of this species are distinctly apical.—l. elata, Edgew. ( Trans. Linn. Soc, xx.

ers According to the description in the distinct spur, in being dotted with blac
and having glandular tips to the pedicels. (See under J. micranthemum.)

ie š de h branched

ite j|, 2°Pauperata, Hook. f.; low, slender, very muc ;
ies labrous, leave small Shorey petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate

Yo. "enate, racemes axillary few-flowered, bracts persistent, owers
*

482 XXXII. GERANIACEX. (SŠ Dalsaminez, Hook. f) [Impatiens.

minute yellow, sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings short, lip boat-
shaped with a gibbosity or boss in place of a spur.

Tasa Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., at Surureem on walls, Grifith; at Molim, J. D. H.
& T. T.

Like a very small form of J. racemosa, but the flowers are not j in. diameter and
are not spurred. I should have referred it to a reduced form of this plant with minute
flowers arrested in development, had it occurred in the Himalaya, but the widely-
sundered habitat obliges me to regard it as distinct.—Capsule } in., narrow-clavate,
glabrous. „Seeds small, obovate, compressed, pointed at the hilum.

OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY.

123. I, glauca, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 155 ; tall, stout, erect,
quite glabrous, very glaucous throughout, leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong
or cordate coarsely crenate white beneath, peduncles axillary and te
very long and stout, raceme not interrupted.

Western temperate Himalaya, at Dwali in Kumaon, alt. 9500 ft., Strach. & Wint. ^

Stem very stout, the base of the branch in the Herbarium, which is almost 2 le
long, being as thick as a swan's quill and much contracted, as if succulent when fresh.
Leaves 2 in., very obtuse, quite white beneath, membranous, nerves few arched, bo!
tures with subterminal cilia or none ; petiole 4-3 in., with a large scutellate gland z
the outer base, which is also present at an analogous position on the peduncle.
Peduncles many, 5 in., erect or ascending, the upper fascicled (as if branched) ; raceme
terminal, 6-8-flowered ; bracts caducous ; pedicels stout, $ in., fruiting ones spreading,
much thickened at the tip. Capsule 14 in., inclined, linear-clavate, glabrous. .
several, large, oblong, rugulose.— Of this very singular species I have seen yet
mutilated flowerless specimen ; it is wholly covered with a glaucous secretion of | :
epidermis, very much as in Rubus biflorus ; the long-petioled leaves not narrowed int
the petiole, with coarse crenatures, resemble those of I. Noli-me-tangere; 1t 18 T
dently a tall much-branched plant.

(The following species has been published by Major Beddome in a number
of the /cones, which did not reach England until after Part IL had
appeared. }

33 bis. I. Ballardi, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 44, t. 192; slender, tone
below, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate and opposite petioled ovate !
rate, base with glandular cilia, peduncles slender axillary and term
much exceeding the leaves, flowers subumbellate, sepals ovate-subuy .
standard orbicular concave, wings dimidiate-lanceolate acute SP short
the lobes separated by a notch only, lip boat-shaped with a very
straight spur which is inflated in the middle and subulate at the tip.

obscurely keeled, spur as long as the wings. Capsule ovoid, swollen, Po characte

7-10-seeded Seeds with weak hairs.—Description taken from Beddoe ny has wud

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. al, ere

I. SEMIVERTICILLATA, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1863, i. 594. gam y peti’
glabrous, branched; leaves opposite and often 3-nately whorled, lower long, ¿
upper sessile, attenuate at both ends, repand-crenate, with a bristle padre fascicledi
tures; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the leaf, lower solitary, uppe

Inpatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f) — 483

Piga ceeding the flower; capsule cylindric, often incurved.—Nilghiri Mts., Perrotet,
n. 187.

L cuavicornu, Turez. l.c. 1859, i. 271. The description will apply to any of the
long-spurred species of group A 1.

L vess, Turcz. Lc. 1859, i. 271, may be J. tenella or any of its allies.

L ASSAMENSIS, Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. iv. 459, t. 576, f. 1. It is impossible to say
what plant is meant here. The description answers best to Z. stenantha in its habit,
very long peduncles, small flowers, and glabrous foliage, &c. ; but the figure cited is
that o a very robust and very pubescent plant (like J. scabrida), with an immense
Hower, totally differing from the description in every respect.—Banks of the Burram-

poota in sandy places near Dibong Mookh, Griffith.

L MALAYENSIS, Griff. l.c. 457, t. 576, f. 2. From the imperfect description this is
probably one of the forms of 7. Balsamina.—Mergui, Griffith.

L? From Ramgunga in Kumaon, alt. 7200 ft., Strach. & Wint.—Resembles J. laxi-

a, Edgew., but has very broad green sepals. |

L? Baltal in Kashmir, T. Thomson; and Marri, Fleming.—Probably a form of

` amphorata or I. bicornuta.

L? Marri, Fleming.—Probably a form of laxiflora, but the leaves are sharply ser-
rate and buds larger.

L? J i — uticose species with the
habit of Tae Grifi flowers twice as arte at ihe very large standard herbaceous

and crested ; wings apparently rounded; lip large, deeply boat-shaped ; spur stout,
clubbed at the tip.

9. HYDROCERA, Blume.

À glabrous erect marsh herb. eaves narrow, alternate. Flowers in
thort axillary 1-2-flowered peduncles, irregular. Sepals 5, coloured, im-
"cate ; 2 outer lateral, flat ; posticous one produced into a short hollow
Spur. Petals 5, the anticous outer, very large, concave. Disk-glands 0.
mens 5, filaments short flat ; anthers slightly cohering around the pistil.
Ovary 5-celled ; stigmas 5 sessile; ovules 2-3 in each cell. Drupe baccate,
Stone bony truncate 5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds curved, corrugated,
bumen 0 ; cotyledons plano-convex, thickish, radicle short superior.—
RIB. One tropical Asiatic species.

, 1. E. triflora, W. d£: A. Prodr. i. 140; H. J & T. in Journ. pom.
; lV. 156. H. angustifolia, Blume Bijd. 241. Impatiens triflora, Linn.
pe. rodr, i. 687 ; Wall. Cat. 4756, 1.1 natans, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 687 ;
go. Fl. Ind. i.’652; Wall. Cat, 4755. Tytonia natans, G. Don, Gen.
Y. i. 749; Burm. PU Zeyl. t. 16 (inaccurate). ,
Throughout Benaat, the Eastern and Western PENINSULA, CEvLox and Birma, in
€8.—Disrris, Java.
annual, Stem floating, fistular, flexuous, rooting at the nodes, often many gants
w£ branches 1—2 ft., erect, 5-angled, as thick as the finger. Leaves 1-5 in., ned.
Mae te, serrate, sessile; stipnlar glands 2. Peduncles short, usually 3-flowere V
globe oblong.» Flowers 1 in. diam., variegated red, white, and yellow. Drupe sub-
» 48 large as a cherry, smooth, red, succulent.

484 XXXIII. RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.)

Order XXXII. RU'TACEZE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, abounding in pellucid glands filled with
essential oil (except Peganum). Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or
compound, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles
(racemed in Dictamnus), never spiked, usually bisexual and regular in ker
Indian species (except Dictamnus). Calyx of 4-5 small lobes or sepals.
Petals 4-5, hypogynous (in the Indian genera), valvate or imbricate. rita
4-5 or 8 or 10, rarely more (Citrus, digle), or 6 (Bomminghausenta), ] "
ments usually free, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. d
within the stamens, crenate or lobed, sometimes large or long. Ovary of 45
free or connate carpels; styles as many, free or variously united, stigmas
terminal, entire or lobed; ovules usually z in each cell. Fruita —
berry or drupe, or of 1-4 capsular cocci. ¿Seeds usually solita "adi le
cells, testa various, albumen fleshy or 0 ; embryo straight or curved, n c :
superior.— DisTRIB. Tropical and extratropical plants; many are Ñ. Africal
and Australian. Genera 63, and about 650 species.

"TBrbE I. Ruteæ. Herbs, rarely shrubby. Flowers hermaphrodite
Disk thick. Ovary deeply 3-5-lobed; styles basilar or ventral, fres! :
united ; cells 3- or more ovuled. Fruit capsular. Albumen fleshy ; embry
usually curved, |

* Flowers regular.

Petals 4-5. Stamens’8-10. Ovary sessile. . . . . . 1. Rota.
Petals 4. Stamens 6-8. Ovary pedicelled . . . . + . 2 BaNNINGHAUSENIA
Petals 4-5. Stamens 12-15 . . . . . . . 3. PEGANUM.

** Flowers irregular. 4, DICTAMNUS
. I K

Teme IL Zanthoxyleee. Shrubs or trees. Flowers usually id A
mous. Disk free, rarely 0. Ovary deeply 2-5-lobed ; styles bas
ventral, more or less free; cells 2-ovaled. /ruit-carpels capsular.

Leaves opposite, Stamens4-5 . . . . . . + s. Š. Evobia.
eaves opposite. Stamens 4, with 4 staminodes opposite
the petals . eus. s vss sss. 6. Papel ay
Leaves opposite. Stamens 8 . . 7. Mev '
. LI LI . . . LI . hd M.
Leaves alternate. Stamens 3-5 . . . . . . . + . 8 ZANTHOXYLU

ons.
Tre HI. Poddaliew. Shrubs or trees, Flowers usually pays
Disk free. Ovary entire; style single; cells 1-2-ovuled. Fruw syn
Seed albuminous ; cotyledons usually flat.
Stem usually prickly. Leaves compound. Petals and
stamens 2-5 each y . . . . u . e re ro. 9. Toon
Stem unarm.d. Leaves 1-3-foliolate. Petals 4. Stamens 8 10. ane
Stem unarmed. Leaves simple. Petals and stamens 4-5 each 11. Skil’
ite. pots
Tribe IV. Aurantieze. Shrubs or trees. Flowers hermaphrodita ale
and stamens free or connate, Ovary entire ; style simple; ce
Berry usually pulpy. Seed exalbuminous.

* Ovules solitary or twin in each cell. .
Style very short, persistent . . . . . l s. o. + + 12. Guxcomill

.

XXXIII. RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 485

Unarmed. Leaves pinnate. Style jointed on the top of the
ovary, deciduous.
Petals valvate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons leafy,

crumpled . . . . . ././. . . . , , , . . 13 MICROMELUM.
Petals imbricate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons
fleshy, Plano-convex. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 MURRAYA.
Petals imbricate. Filaments dilated below. Cotyledons
fleshy, plano-convex. . . . . . . . . - . . . 15. CzAUSENA.
Armed (except some species of Limonia). Leaves 3-8-foliolate.
Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens6 . . . . . . . . . . . 16. TRIPHASIA.
Calyx 4—5.lobed. Stamens 8 or 10 . ... . . . .-. 17. LIMONIA.
„Calyx cupular. Stamens 8 or 10. . . . . . . . . 18. LUVUNGA.
narmed or armed. Leaves 1-foliolate. :
Anthers linear-oblong. Disk elongate. . . . . . . . 19. PARAMIGNYA.

uthers ovate or cordate. Disk cupular . . . . . . . 20. ArALANTIA.

** Ovules many in each cell.

Stamens 20-60, Ovary o-celled. Leaves l-foliodlate . . 21. Cirrus.

Stamens 10-12, Ovary incompletely 5-6-celled. Leaves
pmnate , _ . 22. Feronta.

Stamens 30-60. | Ovary 8—oo-celled. Leaves 3-foliolate . 23. ÆeLe.

1. RUTA, Linn.

. Strong-smelling herbs, sometimes shrubby below. Leaves alternate,
Simple or compound, Flowers in terminal corymbs, cymes, or panicles,
memish or yellow. Calyæ short, 4-5-partite or -lobed, persistent.
Petals 4-5, concave, often toothed or ciliate, imbricate. _ Stamens 8-10,
‘yserted round the base of a thick 8-10-glandular or pitted disk, the
ternate shorter, Ovary 3-5-lobed and -celled ; style central, basilar ;
ovules pendulous from the axis of the cells. Capsule 4-5-lobed, lobes
Indehiscent, or dehiscing at the apex. Seeds angled, testa pitted, albumen
A Y; embryo slightly curved, cotyledons sometimes 2-partite.—DISTRIB.
bout 40 species, chiefly Mediterranean and W. Asiatic.

SUBGEN, l. Ruta proper. Flowers 4-merous. Petals usually toothed or
mites Filaments’ glabrous, Qvules many. Leaves pinnate or de-
Pound,

R GRAVEOLENS, Linn.: war, angustifolia ; leaves petioled triangular-
ovate decompound, segments vark HA obec E spreading, bracts lanceolate,
Res triangular acute, petals ciliate, capsule obtuse shortly pedicellec .
C angustifolia, Pers - W. & A. Prodr. 146. R. chalepensis, Wall.
at. 7113. d t) 7t
Cultivated in Inpia.—Distris. Westward to the Canaries. .
into Barn more forms of the common Rue are cultivated in India, and benc? introduced
W g tanical works. Wallich says of the plant described as R. angustifolia, Pers., by
‘A. that it is from a Mr. Stevenson's garden at Tranquebar.

DUBGEN 2 Petals quite entire.
; :2. Haplophyllum. Flowers 5-merous. q
Filaments Pise. Ovules few or many. eaves simple or 3-sect.

LR tubercul ding glabrous, branchlets
ney ata, Forsk. ; stem erect or ascending glabrous,
- luflorescence puber lous and glandular, leaves o long linear-oblong or
*What spathulate pubescent, Boiss, Flor. Orient. i. ad "D
St ta hills in Sinon, Vicary—Disrer. Westward to Egypt and Algeria, .
terete, . woody, ’ branched, minutely glandular. Leaves scattered, 4-1 in.,

486 . XXXIII. RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ruta.

coriaceous, pustular and pubescent, nerveless. Cymes dichotomously branched, wi
sions pubescent and glandular. lowers } in. diam., the centre one of each Chr
sessile, the others shortly pedicelled. Sepals very short broad, obtuse. Petals mis
ate.—The specimens are not in a good state, but I believe them to be referable to
species.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES,

Rura (HAPLOPHYLIUM), sp., Aitchison (Cat. Punjab and Sindh Pl. 30) from Peshawur

(Stewart) is undeterminable.

2. BENNINGHAUSENTA, Reichb.

A perennial-rooted herb. Leaves alternate, '2-pinnate, leaflets quite
entire. Flowers in compound terminal leafy panicled cymes, white, pone
slender. Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, obovate-oblong, Hinr
Stamens 6-8, inserted at the base of an urceolate disk, filaments filiform, the
alternate shorter ; anthers oblong. Ovary long-stipitate, 3-5-lobed, narrowed
below, lobes 1-celled distant; styles 3-5, ventral, connate, stigma sım 5
ovules 6-8 in each cell, pendulous from the middle of the axis. Z7"
of 6-8 free membranous ventrally dehiscing few-seeded carpels. d
reniform, testa black granulate, albumen fleshy ; embryo arcuate.

1. B. albiflora, Reich. Conspect. 197. Ruta albiflora, Hook. Exot. Flor.
t. 79 ; Wall. Cat. 1203. R. japonica, Sieb.

TEMPERATE HrwALAYA, from Marri to Sikkim, alt. 4-8000 ft. ; Kuasta Mrs, alt.
4-6000 ft.— DisTRIB. Japan. hat

A slender erect branching perennial-rooted herb, 1-2 ft, glabrous or pagi
pubescent. Leaves 2—3.pinnate ; petiole slender; leaflets 1-1 in., obovate or est i
date, glaucous beneath; membranous, the terminal largest, petioled. Cymes leafy, m dl
flowered. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., inclined or nodding, pure white. Calyx very nr
Petals oblong, obtuse. — Pedicel of ovary variable in length. Fruit ]-j in. diam.

3. PEGANUM, Linn. |

Branching glabrous or pubescent perennial-rooted herbs. — Lew
alternate, entire or multifid, not glandular; stipules setaceous. yd
solitary, in subterminal leaf-opposed peduncles, white. Sepals T5 peres
foliaceous and pinnatifid, persistent. Petals 4-5, subequal, 1m pte
Stamens 12-15, inserted at the base of the disk, some antherless ; flat les
dilated below ; anthers linear. Ovary globose, deeply 2-3-lobed ; 83
basal, twisted, 2-3-keeled above, the keels stigmatose ; ovules many an
cell, inserted in the inner angle. Fruit globose, 3—4-celled, i ry
3-valved or fleshy and indehiscent, cells many-seeded. Seeds ang atives
spongy, rough, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved.—D1sTRIB. Species 4n
of the Mediterranean, W. Asia, and Mexico.

This genus is perhaps better placed in Zygophyllee.

]

1, P. Harmala, L/»».; glabrous, stem dichotomously and cory
branched, leaves multifid, segments linear acute, petals elliptic-ob mA 146;
capsular, Wall. Cat. 1204; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 917; W. £ A. Proar:
Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 45.

, , North-West India, from Sixpn, the PANJAB, and the KASHMIR plain to
Aaa; the rms Deccan.—Distris. Soongaria, Arabia, N. Africa, an
o Hungary and Spain. ee
A bush, 1-3 ft. high, much branched and densely foliaged. Stem stout, fle

DELHI and
d westward

Peganum.] XXXIII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 487

Leaves 2-3 in., green, pinnatifidly cut into linear very narrow acute spreading lobes.
Flowers j-iin. diam., solitary in the axils of the branches, sessile or pedicelled.
Calyz-lobes very narrow, much exceeding the corolla, persistent. Capsule globose,
Jin. diam., and less,

4. DICTAMNUS, Linn.

À strong-smelling herb, shrubby below, clothed with pustular glands.

aves alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, serrulate, Flowers large, white or rose-coloured, in terminal
racemes, pedicels bracteate. Calya 5-partite, deciduous. Petals 5, 4 upper
m pairs ascending, lower declinate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of a
thick annular disk, filaments long slender somewhat thickened and very
. glandular below the slender tip; anthers subglobose. Ovary shortly
stipitate, deeply 5.lobed, 5-celled, hispid ; style filiform, declinate, stigma
terminal ; ovules 3-4 in each cell, inserted on the ventral suture. Fruit of
Compressed broad truncate long-beaked elastically 2-valved 2-3-seeded
spid carpels ; endocarp horny, separable. Seeds subglobose, testa thin
black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thick, radicle short.

l D. albus, Zinn, D. Fraxinella, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. i. 712; Boiss. Fl.
41.920. D. himalayanus, Royle IU. 156, t. 29.

TEMPERATE Western HIMALAYA, from Kashmir to Kunawur (and according to
Royle, Junnotie in Garwhal), alt. 6-8000 ft.—Disrris, Japan, Siberia, Dahuria, and
Westward to France and Spain. .

tem stout but not woody, branched. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards ; petiole very stout,
angular, margined ; leaflets 2-34 in., sessile, dark green, base wedge-shaped, nerves
Sender. Racemes 1 ft. and upwards, stout, strict, erect. Flowers 14 in. long, erect ;
Pedicels 1-3 in., glandular, bracteate at the base and bracteolate usually above the
middle, Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, glandular on the back.
mens equalling the petals. Capsule 1 in. diam.

5. EVODIA, Forst.

; Trees or shrubs, unarmed, eaves opposite, simple or 1-3-foliolate or
Mparipinnate, quite entire. Flowers small, in panicled axillary cymes,
anisexua], Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Petals 4-5, sessile, valvate or slightly
imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of the disk, filaments subulate ;
vànthers oblong. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, 4-celled; style basilar, stigma
obed, ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 coriaceous
"»ved l-seeded cocci, endocarp horny elastically separable 2-lobed.
flesh, oblong, testa bony or crustaceous shining, hilum linear, albumen
“Y; embryo straight, cotyledons ovate —Distrip. About 22 Delia
natives of tropical Asia, the Pacific, the E. African Islands, and Australia.

Leaves 3-foliolate, "

: B. Roxburghiana, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 59 ; leaves quite glabrous
Qrughout, cymes very broad bracteate finel pubescent, flowers densely
Fio ded, filaments glabrous, ovary densely pubescent. F. triphylla, Bed -
Bot ` Sylvat ; Anal. Gen, xli. t. vi. f. 2. E. Marambong, Miquel Ann. Mus.
Pii 244 — Fagara triphylla, Rob, FL Ind. i. 416 Q of Zinn).
Jp; j!ur-ankenda, Gaertn. Carp. i. 334, t. 68, f. 9. Xanthoxylon triphyllum,
MM le. t. 904; fll. i. 169; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 36; Dalz, £ Gibs.
lanicy Flor. 45. "X. Roxburghianum, Cham. in Linnea v. 58. X. zey-

um, DC. Prodr. i, 728. X. nilagiricum, Miquel Herb. Hohenack.

488 XXXIIL. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Evodia

X. Marambong, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 533. Schmidelia integerrima,
Wal. Cat. 8065.

Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T. Throughout the Mountains of the WESTERN
PexinsuLa ; in the EASTERN PENINSULA, from Tenasserim to Malaya and Penang, &c.,
Cryton.—Distris. Sumatra, Java. °

A small tree with soft wood; branches opposite. Leaves usually large, spreading ;
petiole 2-5 jn. terete; leaflets 2-5 in., very shortly petioled, obovate, oblong or oblanceo-
late, tip rounded or acuminate or apiculate, nerves almost horizontal very slender not š
all prominent, costa perfectly glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes very variable, lengt
and breadth of peduncle, more or less finely pubescent ; branches opposite and alter-
nate, bracts minute. Flowers usually densely crowded, 45-& in. diam., yellow-green,
very shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute. Petals slightly imbricate. Capsules usually
2, about the size of a pepper-corn, coriaceous, rugose. Seed splendent, blue-black.

There is some doubt as to the name which this species should bear, conse uent upon
the obscurity of Evodia triphylla, DC., founded on the Philippine Islands f. ne^
triphylla of Lamk. (Erodia Lamarckiana, Benth. Flor. Hongk. 59). Lamarck Nees
ii. 447) identifies his Philippine Isld. plant with Rumph's Ampacus angusti. -
(Herb. Amb. ii. 88, t. 62), with which also Bentham's Hongkong specimens ren
Roxburgh, on the other hand, identifies a Penang plant, cultivated in the Caleut
Gardens, with Rumph’s Ampacus angustifolius, and describes its capsules as the ni
of a field-bean. This character of capsule does not agree with any Indian s
known tome. Roxburgh's characters agree in all but this, with a common i d
plant. As Wight refers an identical Nilghiri plant to Roxburgh's, I have preferre the
retain for it the name Loxburghiana, given to it by Chamisso, to distinguish it from
true triphylla of Lamarck, which has very small few-flowered cymes and smaller oF
sules. Bentham (e) observes that Lamarck's plant is a native of India, and quo H
Wight's Icones ; but this is a mistake, for Wight's figure represents a poor gpecimen or
this, which is a common Nilghiri plant. Wight gives Jussieu as the authority tor
X. triphyllum, both in his “ Icones” and “Illustrations ;” but this is an error . lad
lich’s Schmidelia integerrima is clearly a very large-leaved form from Penang it
neither flower nor fruit; the terminal leaflet is 12 by 5 in.

2. E. triphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 724; leaves quite glabrous, pee
slender, cymes small hardly bracteate, branches and pedicels very s en
finely pubescent, filaments glabrous, ovary hairy. E. Lamarckiana, 2"
FL. Hongk. 59. E. gracilis, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, (i
Fagara triphylla, Lamk, Dict. ii, 447. Xanthoxylum Lamarckjanum, ;
in Linnea v. 58. X. pteleefolium, Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot, nt
Lepta triphylla, Zour. Fl. Cochin. 82.

Tenasserim, at Moolmein, alt. 6000 ft., Parish ; north of Moulmein, Hafer; s
Brandis—Disrnis. Philippine Islds., Japan, China, Borneo. — . : ily cha-

This, though a very distinct-looking plant from Æ. Roxburghiana, 18 ne en odunclel
racterized, except by comparison. It is smaller, more slender, with shortly- pe smaller
cymes, 1-3 in. long, hairy, more slender branches and pedicels, the flowers oni speci
and paler, and the capsules much smaller, about } in. diam. The Tenasser. to
mens have elliptic-lancgolate leaves, but in other countries they vary froma 8
elliptic-lanceolate. As in E. Roxburghiana the costa above is perfectly glabrou®

inate
3. E. robusta, Hook. f. ; leaflets elliptic obtuse or obtusely-acumm.
shining, nerves very prominent beneath, costa glabrous above pu
beneath, cymes broad brachiate their branches very robust.

Pexaxa, Phillips ; SixcaPong, Maingay (278 Kew Distrib.). i 8
A much more robust lant than Æ. polla. Branchlets compressed, a$ rr
swans quill, hoary. Petiole 4 in., terete, as thick as a crow-quill ; leslie ry 8
terminal subobovate, lateral elliptic, coriaceous, midrib and arching nerve» v Tiani, di
indeed, , Cymes 5 in. diam. and upwards. Flowers and fruit as 1n Ro
which this may be a variety ; but it differs remarkably from the Sincapore a?

Evodia.] XXXIII. RUTACEX,. (J. D. Hooker.) 489

specimens of that plant, and is the only trifoliolate species known to me with shining

2 surfaces to the leaves.— This differs from Miquel's description of the Sumatran
fhorylon Euneuron (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532) in its glabrous capsules, in the

leaves not pale and silvery beneath, and in the fruiting cyme not being pyramidal.

4. E. latifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 724 ; branchlets petioles leaves beneath
and midrib above tomentose, leaflets large, nerves strong, cymes pubescent
and brachiate or pyramidal, capsules glabrous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i.
PL 2,672; Ann. Mus, Bot. iii. 244. Zanthoxylum Rumphianum, Cham.
ta Linnea v, 58,
patraca, Grifith; (Kew Distrib. 1176) ; Maingay (Kew Distrib. 277).—Disrnus.

alayan Archipelago. '

ranchlets as thick as the little finger, obtusely 4-angled. Petiole 4-6 in., as thick
38 à goosequill or less; leaflets 6-10 in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrons
above except the costa, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes more pyramidal than in
` Horburghiana ; flowers and capsules quite the same.
tbe 48.? branches more slender, leaves more membranous puberulous on the costa
wo and nerves beneath only not on either surface.—Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.
5 Tesembles Miquel's description and plate of Æ. accedens (Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 242,
), except in the much smaller flowers, which wholly resemble those of Æ. latifolia.

5. E. Slabra, Blume Bijd. 245; glabrous, leaflets large 5-7 in. dark
Dan above paler beneath with very strong nerves, cymes large brachiate
rous. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 872 ; Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 213.

TAN, Phillips.—Disturs. Java.

dark osely resembles Z. robusta, but the leaflets are not shining above, are of a
è pron colour when dry, and are sometimes suddenly acuminate. My specimens,
id are in d flower only, have branchlets as thick as the little finger and pyramidal
Y rà densely-flowered cymes ; they precisely resemble a flowerless specimen of E.
im ih Tom the Leyden Herbarium, which is, I presume, authentic, though the leaflets
Tuptly acuminate, which is contrary to Miquel's description.

**
Leaves 1- rarely 3-foliolate.

pa Viticina, Wall. Cat, 1219; quite glabrous, leaves 1-3-foliolate,
short ° acutely margined, leaflets lanceolate acuminate, cymes small usually
li 6L T than the petiole few-flowered. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873,

Texasserny

; at Tavoy, Gomez, Helfer. ' .
i Page. slender, alternate, edged and whole plant dull green when dried. Petiole
be we 2 acute edges bounding a median groove in front; leaflets 14-44 in., pale
peduncle nerves very slender, horizontal. Cymes 6-10-flowered, erect, almost glabrous ;
ncle g abrous, angled. Flowers minute, fascicled, 4-merous; pedicel very short,
Fruit 4 in. diam., of 4 nearly smooth rather compressed carpels.

i i i -cylindric
l pedunculosa, Mook. f. ; leaves 1-foliolate, petiole 4-cylindric,
tight eate abruptly Y actowed at the obtuse point quite glabrous, cymes
mous pubescent terminating long slender peduncles.

Th cAPOnE, Lobb,

: ic but one specimen of this very distinct plant.
at the to TOUS. Leaves 4-5 in.; petiole rather stout, 4-1 in., edges ac
ta toe,’ eaflet coriaceous, quite entire, cuneate at the base, copiously :
14 jn? Stout, nerves many slender spreading. Peduncles in opposite

cpp tbescent towards the top where they branch into small trichoto
lim $99. Flowers (4 buds only) shortly pedicelled, bracts minute,
3 flamen rounded, acute. Petals broad-ovate, acute, valvate, glabrous. me
in the digi" short ; anthers broad, acute. Disk tumid. Ovaries 4, imperfect, immerse

nder,

/. B.

Branches smooth, cylin-
ute, not thickened
ly minutely punc-
axils, stout,
mous pubes-

buds y% in.

490 XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) | Evodia.

*** Leaves pinnate,

8. E. fraxinifolia, Hook. f. ; leaves quite glabrous throughout, pos
3-5-pairs, cymes broad brachiate pubescent, branches i Coch. 91 ;
4-5-merous, fruit glabrous. Tetradium trichotomum, Lour. Ft. € Farii
DC. Prodr. ii. 88. Rhus fraxinifolium, Don Prodr. 248. Philagonis. p
folia, Hook. Ic. PL t. 710; Wall. Cat. 8521? P. sambucina, Blume Dya. 299.
P. procera, DC. Prodr. ii. 90.

t.

Susrropicat HiwaLAYA from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft. ; Kuasta Mrs, al
3-5000 ft.—Distris. Java? Cochinchina. . when

A small much branched densely leafy tree, smelling strongly of psi =
bruised. Branchlets thick, terete. Leaves 8-12 in., spreading, bright E acuminate,
cylindric; leaflets 4-9 in., shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, seri
straight or falcate, quite entire or crenulate, base rounded often oblique, n ressed pe-
ing, slender, terminal leaflet often long-petioled. Cymes on short stout ga p minute.
duncles, axillary and terminal, clothed with fine close-set pubescence ; btuse. Petals
Flowers shortly pedicelled, white, g nearly 4 in. diam. Sepals small, o S what hairy;
imbricate, pubescent within. Stamens exceeding the petals, filaments Pin diam., red;
anthers broad. Ovary glabrous; style short, stigma capitate. F ae n ‘tic, slightly
carpels not separating to the base, very coriaceous. Seed broadly othe hilagonia
compressed; testa dark brown, shining.—I can hardly doubt this being having seen no
sambucina of Blume (P. procera, DC., published in the same year) ; bu lluded to under
Java specimen I retain the name of fraxinifolia. It is the plant a
Evodia in the “ Genera Plantarum” as E. Koaburghiana.

. EC flets
9. E. meliwfolia, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 58; petioles pilo se be
3-5 pairs glabrous, cymes broad brachiate pilose-pubesçen "Bot. iii.
very slender, flowers 4-5-merous. E. glauca, Mig. Ann. S- Megabotry?
Boymia glabrifolia, Champ. in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot, iii. 330.
melizefolia, Hance in Walp. Ann, li, 259.

Assam, Masters (in Herb. Griffith). : irs on the ,
A much more ando, plant Kan E. fraxinifolia, with spreading s udi
rachis of the leaf and on the more slender partial petioles, very th 4 1 in. jam.
branches of the cyme, which is 8 inches broad, fewer sparser flowers, v are 3-4 ids
shorter more slender filaments, and more oblong anthers. The leafle
more oblique at the base, and usually more acuminate.

. hrough-
10. E. ruteecarpa, Hook. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. ; clotted t stout,
out with soft velvety pubescence, cymes brachiate, brane Zuc. Fl.
fruit pustular. Boymia rutæcarpa, Juss. according to sv).
Japon. i. 50, t. 21. it, 7-10,000 f
Inner valleys of the Temperate region of the Sikxr« HIMALAYA, 97^
J. D. H.— DisrgiB, Japan. 14 ft. ; petiole we
A small densely-foliaged green tree, inodorons. Leaves 1 and oblique at f
stout ; leaflets about 5 pair, subsessile, oblong-acute, usually roun C mes 3-4 in.
base, margin quite entire, under surface woolly, nerves faint. ^ calyx tomentost
terminal; peduncles very short, stout and as well as the pedicels seni within. st
Flower about | in.diam. Petals nearly glabrous externally, pubcecen ovate, 9.]obed
not much exceeding the petals, filaments hairy ; anthers very large,
the base. Fruit 4 in diam. ; carpels 4, opening at the apex.

6. TETRACTOMIA, Hook. f.

. iaceous, qui

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, 1-foliolsie ere es, Galp

entire, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary branche rsistent, valvate
small, 4-partite. Petals 4, triangular-ovate, acute, pe

Tetractomia. XXXIII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 491

Disk broad, glandular, flattish or pulvinate, obtusely 4-angled, Stamens 8,
‘perfect alternate with the petals, 4 smaller with imperfect anthers (or 0)
"araw the petals and partially adnate to them at the base; filaments
subulate, flattened at the base; anthers 2-lobed, dorsifixed. Ovary
immersed in the centre of the disk, 4-celled, with 4 free projecting lobes ;

les 4, free at the base, connate above, stigma capitate obscurely 4-lobed ;
ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Fruit of 4 coriaceous laterally compressed
oblong 2-seeded carpels, splitting ventrally, the horny endocarp partially
“parating. Seeds inserted towards the base of the carpels (nucleus small
With a large oblong obtuse membranous wing, embryo unknown).—DisTRIB.

Tee species, natives of the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo.

A very singular genus, which I find in no Indian Herbarium but Maingay's, who
gathered both species in 1867-8, and describes H. majus in his Mss. as a Diosmea,
0 doubt because of the staminodes, and the leaves as alternate, in which he is cer-
tainly mistaken. One of these two is, however, the Melicope tetrandra of Roxburgh,

m tenang. It is nearly allied to Evodia, differing in the staminodes, valvate petals
Mee A third species (H. Beccarii, Hook. f.) from Borneo was discovered by Dr.

"1 at Sarawak (No. 1880), it has obovate leaves and small trichotomous glabrous
mes. T have described the seeds as I fonnd them in H. majus (which are imper-
i h but Roxburgh describes them in his Melicope tetrandra as oblong and immersed
ey ellow fleshy aril, I have no seeds of this species, but the structure of the capsule
5 precisely ag in 7. majus.

di T. majus, Hook. J.; leaflets 8 in. obovate rounded at the tip, cymes
š Tous or nearly so,
ACCA, Maingay (Kew distrib. 290). |
ba i branchlets stout, woody, as thick as the finger, covered with rough brown
slightly een, apparently crowded on the branchlets ; petiole 2-24 in., stout, tere e,
at th 7 swollen at the base and apex ; leaflets very coriaceous, quite entire, narrowe i
ing «S Pale when dry with obscure darker spots, nerves numerous slender spread-
n4 “Pooth above, beneath with minute prominent gland-dots crowned with micros-
i's; nervules reticulate, obscure, most visible on the upper surface (Maingay).
ing al In. diam., opposite, glabrous or minutely pubescent, branches stout spre -
iela ate, ranchlets opposite; bracts minute, persistent. Flowers £ in. iam,
capes ebracteolate, glabrous. Filaments exceeding the petals and style. ipe
the ea, equally $ in, long, obtusely keeled at the back. Seeds nearly as long as
; nucleus basal, oblique, very much smaller than the oblong wiug.
det Roxburghii, Hook. f. ; leaflets 3-5 in. elliptic or cuncate-obovate
Ind ji aeuminate, cymes pubescent. Melicope tetrandra, Roxb, P.

Pesang R istri
fers p ^075. ; SivcApong, Maingay (Kew distrib. 278, 2). .
Differs from H. majus conspicuously in size, the branchlets not being thicker than a
flowers Ë in. diam., and ripe carpels } in. long. i Le furfara-
the leaflets are identical; the cymes of this are laxly clothed with a ‘
scence,

7. MELICOPE, Forst.

Shrubs Le aa (1 : i 3-foliolate, pellucid-
Pun ° Javes opposite (in the Indian species) 1—3-fo ;
¿hati Flowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. Calyx Dist T

clals 4, sessi reading, valvate or imbricate. rg
da or 8-lobed or oben stamens 8, inserted at the base of the disk,
Oblong PPosite the petals shorter, filaments subulate or flattened ; ant vers
subtes 9T COrdate. Ovary 4-celled, deeply 4-lobed ; style basilar or styles +

terminal, more or less combined, stigma capitate 4-lobed ; ovules 2 in each

499 XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) ( Melicope.

cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 free spreading coriaceous carpels
dehiscing on the inner face; endocarp more or less separating,
oblong, funicle sometimes elongate, testa black brittle shining, albumen
fleshy and oily ; embryo with large oblong cotyledons and a short superior
radicle.—DisTRis. Chiefly Polynesian ; species about 15.

1. M. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1051; glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets
elliptic or obovate acute, flowers 3-5 terminating long slender decurv
peduncles, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xl. t. vi. f. 1.

Nincnimi Mrs., in woods near the Avalanches, Wight, Gardner. i à

A shrub or small tree; branches slender. Leaves glabrous ; petiole 4-1} 10, terete;
leaflet 3-4 in., glabrous, shining, narrowed towards the base, nerves very slender.
Peduncles 2—4 in., slender, often 3-flowered. Flowers } in. diam., on short stout pubes-
cent pedicels. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 4 orbicular coriaceous obtuse lobes.
Petals valvate, ovate, acute, glabrous, thick, longer than the stamens. Disk obsolete.
Ovary-lobes villous, free at the apex; styles free below; ovules subcollateral Ripe
carpels 4, 1 in. long, turgid, apiculate, I-seeded, veined. Seed oblong.

2. M. ? Helferi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, pet
short stout, leaflet obovate-lanceolate obtuse, panicle rather longer than the
petiole few-tlowered, petals valvate.

Texasserm or ANDAMAN Isxps., Helfer. i
__ Diecious? Branches rather stout, ne wrinkled ; whole plant y ellowish when we :
Petiole 41-1 in., not acutely margined; leaflet 4-8 in., membranous, nerves Lat unt
very slender. Cymes 1-3 in., panicled, suberect ; peduncle rather stout, quite gla ht :
branches 4-4 in., few. Flowers (4) small, fascicled ; pedicels short, stout. we
vate, longer than the stamens. Disk 8-lobed. Fruit not seen.

8. ZANTHOXYLUM, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, often armed with stout prickles, Leaves alternas
3-foliolate or unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, entire
crenate, often oblique, punctate, Flowers small, in axillary or ter =
peduncled broad or narrow cymes, white, pink, or greenish, often pc
Calyx 3-8-fid, rarely 0. Petals 3-5, rarely 0, imbricate or indupi
valvate. Disk small or obscure. Stamens 3-5, hypogynous or rej ique
scales in the 9. Ovary rudimentary in the d, in the $ liii itate ;
l-celled carpels ; styles sublateral, free or connate above, stigma as
ovules 2 in each cell, usually collateral. Fruit of 1-5 globose Midi 0
fieshy 1-seeded carpels, dehiscing ventrally, endocarp horny, separa m he
not. Seed oblong and compressed or globose, often hanging OU pining,
carpel, hilum broad, testa bony or crustaceous blue or blac N
albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, straight or curved, cotyledons fla l
very short.—Disrris, About 80 species, all tropical and subtropicà

. . te.
Sect. 1. Cymes axillary, or axillary and terminal; branches alterna

* Leaves 3-foliolate, petiole not winged, flowers polypetalous. r with

1. Z. ovalifolium, Wz. Jil. L 169; quite glabrous, unam od at “p
short straight prickles, leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate. € 4
obtuse emarginate. edd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlii t. YL o “in Hebi
Cat. 7469. Z. lucidum, Wall. Cat. 1212, Toddalia mitis, b. UR
Hohenack. 466. Limonia leptostachya, Jack according to Herb. Š

Westers PENINSULA, in Canara, Kurg and the Suge Mts., and pea f
Kmasia Mrs.; Assam and Misuur Mrs.; Sixcarone, Wallich.

Zanthoxylum.) — xxxirt. RUTACEZX. (J. D. Hooker.) 493

A shrub? Leaflets 3-4 in., coriaceous, subsessile, petioles not armed. Cymes in
slender panicles, quite glabrous. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., 4-5-merous. Petals valvate.
Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, smooth.— Wight makes 2 species of this, which

cannot distinguish except as varieties. The Khasian and Assam specimens have
tather longer leaves than the Madras ones.

Var. 1. ovalifolium; unarmed. Z. ovalifolium, Wight, l.c.

i `. 2. sepiarium ; armed with short straight prickles. Z. sepiarium, Wt. Ill.
i. 169.

** Leaves 5—co- foliolate, petiole winged, flowers apetalous, wood with a
broad septate pith. f

2. Z. alatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 768; leaflets 2-6 pairs lanceolate
glabrous beneath, petiole and rachis usually broadly winged, nerves very
indistinct, flowers in sparse panicles 2-6 inches long glabrous or pubescent.
Wall. Cat, 1209 in part; Brandis For. Flor. 47; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal.
Gen, xlii. Z, hostile, Wall. Cat. 1210, in part.

Hot valleys of the SunrRoPICAL Himataya, ascending to 6000 ft. from Jamu to
otan; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 2-3000 ft. .
À shrub or small tree, with dense foliage and pungent aromatic taste and smell;
|. often vertically flattened on the trunk and branches, the older with a corky
4 ves 13-9 in. (in Khasia specimen) ; petiole glabrous, narrowly winged, with
? stipular prickles at the base; leaflets 3—4 in., narrow, usually elliptic-lanceolate, rarely
‘vate, obtusely acuminate. Panicles loose, sparingly branched. Flowers }-¥ in.
am. Calyx 6-8-lobed, lobes subacute. Stamens 6-8. Ripe carpels 1-1 in. diam.,
usually solitary, laxly panicled, broadly ovoid, pale red, tubercled.—Young leaflets have
often the costa prickly beneath, and usually few large scattered glands. The wood is
and used for tooth cleaning, and the carpels as a condiment.

3. Ze acanthopodium, DC. Prodr. ii. 727 ; branchlets glabrous or
tomentose, leaflets 2—6-pairs lanceolate, nerves distinct glabrous or more or
888 pubescent beneath, petiole and rachis narrowly winged, cymes very short
Wor 4-1 in. long pubescent. Z, hostile, Wall, Cat, 1210, and Z. alatum,

- Cat. 1209, tn part.

Hot valleys of the SupTRoPICAL HrwaLAYA, from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to
7000 ft. ;, Knasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft.
ery similar indeed to Z. alatum, and possibly a variety of that plant, but the leaflets
ve never the large scattered glands, and are often very pubescent beneath, the nerves
are much stronger, and the inflorescence is remarkably different, the ripe carpels (3 in.
l N) forming dense sessile and almost globose clusters on the branches below the
wies—The Z. planispinum, Sieb. and Zucc., of Japan, is probably another variety,
ps fewer glabrous leaflets, faint nerves, and glabrous inflorescence ; it is intermediate
teen this and Z, alatum, to which it is most nearly allied, but wants the large
gande, Wallich in his catalogue quotes Z. acanthopodium, DC., as a synonym of
` “atum, Roxb., and the ticket is attached to a specimen with very short cymes and
crowded points, and with leaves pubescent beneath. I therefore retain De Candolle’s
name for this plant, which is quite distinct from Roxburgh's Z. alatum. e
j* Timbor; branches clothed with dense rusty (when dry) tomentum. Z.? Timbor,
ar Cat, 7116.—Chainpar hills, Hamilton (? Chayanpoor hills in Behar, 40 miles
™ 0 nares),

™* Leaves 5-0-foliolate, petiole not winged, flowers polypetalous.

iat z. tomentellum, Hook. f.; sparingly prickly, branches petioles
m

cymes velvety, leaflets alternate 6-8 pairs quite entire velvety beneath,
9$ axillary,

- S ; ifith; Sikkim, at Choongtam, alt.
890 ft. J J. pig orat HiwarnavA; Bhotan, Grifith;

494 xxxii. RUTACEX. (J. D, Hooker.) [Zanthorylum.

A small erect tree, 30 ft., with horizontal branches; branchlets terete, stout, ver
rickles scattered, short, recurved. Leaves 8-12 in.; petiole terete, with "a: A
ooked prickles on the under-side ; leaflets 2-3 in., shortly petioled, oblong or e S

subacute or obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, glossy above, base subequal, ner `
tinct. Cymes 2-4 in. sparingly branched, densely velvety, branches e dec
rachis stout; bracts and bracteoles caducous. Flowers (9 only seen) small, c ane -
about 1 in. diam. Sepals 4, pubescent. Petals glabrous. Carpels 4, gla
Carpels (hardly ripe) & in. long, 4, compressed, beaked.

; j; 9; glabrous,
5. Z. oxyphyllum, Zdgew. in Trans Linn. Soc. xx. 42;
prickles hooked, leaflets alternate and opposite 3-10 pairs, young c
cymes terminal and axillary quite glabrous or slightly pubescent,
large. —Zanthoxylon violaceum, Wall. Cat. 1213.

TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Garwhal, alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim,
alt. 6-9000 ft., and Booran; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. ° MM

A shrub, clothed with hooked prickles. Leaves very variable In 8iZe, 3i ol»
etiole arched, usually very prickly along the back; leaflets in young pec beneath in
anceolate, very long-acuminate, crenate-serrate, pale, nerves very distinc mee du.
older ones more elliptic or oblong, 2-23 in. long in Kumaon specimens, prd mái
in some Sikkim ones, coriaceous, shining above. Cymes much bran ^ aii
flowered. Flowers the largest of the Indian species, 4—4 in. diam., umbe Ks 4 "mall
branches of the cyme ; pedicels slender, longer than the petals. ep tabercled,
obtuse. Petals 4, obtuse, imbricate Ripe carpels 2-4, the size of a pea,
hardly beaked. Seed black.

6. Z. khasianum, Hook. f. ; branches petioles and inflorescence pibe
cent, leaflets 8-10 pairs alternate rarely opposite small Meme ud
obliquely curved narrowed obtuse apex quite glabrous, cymes à
terminal. »

Knasra Mrs. ; at Myrung, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. T

A small very fragrant climbing straggling bush. Branches very slender, pen
prickly. Leaves 1 ft. long, arched; petiole more or less pubescent, alr sine aiti
prickly underneath; leaflets 1-13 in., straight or oblique, coriaceous, 8 ve 1 4 in,
fully j of the blade usually occupied by the contracted apex ; partial peto 1 T) about
Cymes (9 only seen) 2 in., panicled, spreading, very pubescent. Ripe ea red to unite
3 in. diam., globose, not beaked. Seeds globose, black.—1 have not ven P ti. 39)
this with the very similar Chinese Z. cuspidatum, Champ. (in Kew Journ. ticled small
though this agrees entirely in habit, the curious form of the alternate É cent on the
leaflets, and in the paniculate cyme and fruit ; it differs in being very p" riateous and
branches petiole and rachis of the leaf and cyme, and in the small less co
less shining leaves, that do not blacken in drying.

. ches
7. Z. Hamiltonianum, Wall. Cat, 7117 ; prickles few shor bran
and petioles glabrous or more or less pubescent or veel " tomen-
4-7 in., 2-3 pairs, opposite glossy oblong not sinuate, cymes à y
tose or glabrous. . p. 1809).
Assam, Jenkins; Sudyah and Birma, Griffith; Borybari, Hamilton (Feb.
Probably a large scandent shrub; branches stout, woody, prickles ei 00 arrowed inf?
6-8 in.; petiole terete, stout, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, sudden Y ror pubescent
a broad notched apex, base rounded, glossy on both surfaces, glabrous, in panicled,
beneath, with many subparallel prominent arching nerves. Cymes ome slightly
very slender. Flowers yy in. diam., shortly pedicelled, Petals 4-5, va
imbricate.—Perhaps a form of Z. tetraspermum. ntose.—Assa™:
J Var. tomentosum; branches, petioles, and inflorescence very tome
enkins. jabrous

8. Z. tetraspermum, W. £ A. Prodr. 148 ; very ined elliptic o
except the velvety cymes, leaflets 3-5 in. opposite 2-3 pairs larg

Zmthorylum.] ^ xxxiii. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 495

oblong very glossy coriaceous many-nerved margin waved and sinuate-
toothed, cymes axillary and terminal. Thwaites Enum. 69 ; Beddome Flor.
vat, Anal. Gen. xlii.

Western PENINsuLA ; Kurg and the Nilghiri Mts., CEvrow, alt. 3-5000 ft., Walker.

A stout climbing shrub; prickles short, hooked. Leaves 4-7 in., glabrous; petiole
stout, straight, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly contracted to a rather long
obtuse notched tip, shining above and sinuate-toothed, especially in the Ceylon spe-
cimens, coriaceous, nerves numerous spreading. Panicles 2-3 in., axillary and ter-
minal, short, or rather large and spreading, when terminal densely tomentose, branches
alternate, Flowers small, jJ,-j in. diam. Petals 4, acute, valvate. Ripe carpels
2-4, 1 in. diam., globose.—Ceylon specimens have the brilliantly glossy leaves almost
black when dry and far more sinuate-toothed than the Kurg ones, which show a passage
to Z. Hamiltonianum, which has a very similar tip to the leaf.

Sect. 2, Cymes terminal; branches opposite. _ Flowers polypetalous.
Leaves 5—oo -foliolate; petiole not winged. Wood with a broad septate pith.

9. Z. Rhetsa, DC. Prodr. i. 728 ; armed except the petioles and rarely
the cymes with short prickles, leaflets 8-20 pairs very oblique quite entire

adrous, cymes terminal very large glabrous. W. & A. Prodr. 148 ; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. Pi, 36; Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 45 ; Thwaites Enum. 69 ; Bedd.
Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xli. Z. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1218. Fagara Rhetsa,
Roxb, FI. Ind, i. 417. VF. Budrunga, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 417, not of Wallich —
de Hort. Mal. v. t. 34.

Western PENINSULA, from Coromandel and the Concan southward; Tavoy, Gomez.
tree with corky bark and spreading leafy branches, prickles straight or incurved,
the old ones with a solid conic base. Leaves 1-14 ft., clustered at the ends of the
ranches, equally or unequally pinnate; petiole unarmed; leaflets opposite, 3-5 in.,
With short partial petioles, recurved, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, caudate-acuminate,
upper base rounde , lower very narrow and ending in the costa, nerves 10-12 on the
upper half, 2 fewer on the lower. Cymes sometimes 14 ft. broad; branches opposite,
angled ; bracts minute, caducous. lowers & in. diam., yellow, 4-merous. Petals
salvato. Ovary glabrous. Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, tubercled. Seed
Subglobose, blue-black.— The unripe carpels taste of orange-peel, the seeds like black
Pper.— Thwaites introduces this into his Enumeratio, but says, in Herb. that he
ws of but one tree, and that is in a garden. -

10. Z. Budrunga, Wall. Cat, 1211; tof DC. Prodr. i. 728; armed with
short incurved prickles, leaflets 5-10 pairs glabrous broadly crenate with
atge glands in the sinus, base very oblique, cymes terminal very large
adis Z. crenatum, Wall. Cat. 1216. ?Fagara Budrunga, Aozb. Fu

* 1, 417,

MC ROPICAI, Himataya, Kumaon, Blinkworth (in Herb. Wallich) ; Forests of Sirnzr,

' HASIA Mrs., CnrrrAGoxG, and MARTABAN.
des Prarently a tree, easily recognised by the large glands at the crenatures of the leaf-
^ —I am not satisfied as to the name this plant should bear; the description is
ad on Wallich's specimens from the Calcutta Garden, named Z. Budrunga, Roxb.,
S. hich should therefore be authentic, and which perfectly agree with those from
15 &c. ; but Roxburgh describes in his “ Flora Indica” (and figures in his drawings)
° leaflets as few, narrow, and quite entire; and neither he nor Wallich (in Carey's
wm of the “ Flora Indica”) makes allusion’to the erenatures and glands. I find no
À "s corresponding to either xburgh’s Fagara Rhetsa or F. Budrunga in any Silbet,
hor ngal collection, and except in the fewer leaflets there is no qdifhrestis cha-
he L given by Roxburgh between these two supposed species, though in his drawings
í Eures the flowers of Budrunga as small, white, with stamens larger than the petals
holy a sexual character); and those of Rhetsa as larger, yellowish, with stamens
T than the petals. On the other hand, there are plenty of Western Peninsula

496 XXXIII. RUTACEZX. (J.D. Hooker.) [Zanthozylum.

and Ceylon specimens of Z. Rhetsa, with a few leaves, as Roxburgh describes in Z.
Budrunga, which leads me to suspect that Roxburgh may, by some mistake, have
described a specimen of Z. Rhetsa with few leaflets for one of the Silhet Z. Budrunga.
Should this not be so, and should his Budrunga prove really different from Lhetsa,
Wallich's name of Z. erenatum must be given to the plant here described.

11. Z. nyriacanthum, Wall. Cat. 1214; copiously armed except the
petioles with short straight prickles, leaflets 4-8 pairs coriaceous not very
oblique glabrous crenulate, cymes large terminal pubescent, carpels very
small. Z. longifolium, Wall. Cat. 7115.

Pexaxe, Porter; Maracca, Maingay. sole
A large tall tree (Porter). Branches stout, densely armed. Leaves 1-14 ft. ; peto
unarmed ; leaflets 3-4 in., opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate,
crenatures minute and shallow, nerves spreading distinct beneath ; partial petioles very
short. Cymes long and broad, with much longer primary branches than Z Me
which are terete and alternate, very pubescent, and bear a few scattered prickles.
Flowers } in. diam., subsessile, 5-merous. Calyx 3- or more-, bracteate at the ie
Petals 5, imbricate. Ovaries 3. Ripe carpels } in. diam., compressed, apiculate.

Seed compressed, 4^ in. diam., not quite ripe.

DOUBTFUL, REJECTED, AND' UNKNOWN SPECIES.

Z. armatum, Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 727; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is probably Z. Rhetsa
or Z. Budrunga.

Z.? Basarnanpia, Wall. Cat. 7118; a very imperfect specimen, consisting w.
broken unarmed petiole, 10 detached leaflets like those of Z. oblongum, but narrowe
more finely acuminate, and with more numerous nerves and an even more oblique ul
ripe carpels larger.—Assam, at Guralpara, Hamilton. Probably Z. Rhetsa, DC.
too imperfect for determination.

Z.? coONNAROIDES, W. & A. Prodr. 148, is a species of Heynea.

Z.? FINLAYSONIANUM, Wall. Cat. 7114; glabrous, branches as in Z. spondicefolinn
but the more numerous prickles are seated on a compressed woody conical base eer
broader than themselves, leaves 3 in., petiole very slender obscurely winged qe y
armed, leaflets 8-10 alternate 4-4 in. rhomboid-ovate obtuse crenate, panicles k^ uil
and terminal peduncled quite glabrous, flowers small subumbelled, petals 5.—
Herb. Finlayson,

Z orusirouium, Poir. Suppl. ii. 293; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is a doubtful native of
India and probably not a Zanthoxylum. gil.
llo

Z. RHOIFOLIUM, Lamk. ; DO. Lc. is not Indian, but the Z. sorbifolium, A. St.
of America.

. imen
_ Z. SAPINDIFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1215, from Amherst. Of this there 18 nO gpecime
in Wallich's Herbarium, but only a blank sheet with the ticket attached.

Z. Serra, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. 440, is Saurauja nepalens's-

: gb,
Z. SPONDIÆFOLIUM, Wall. Cat. 1217 ; branches as thick as a goose quil e hri

with very small conical prickles, leaves crowded at the end ol ra vg acl
glabrous, petiole slender unarmed, leaflets 5-8 subopposite 2-24 m. elliye clusters
minate quite entire, partial petiole 1, in., flower-buds minute in short axillary

petals 4, glabrous.—Ambherst, Wallich. t pel
Z. TRIFLORUM, T'urez. Le. 1863, i. 597, described as having i pei leaves Nil fi

lucid dotted and 3-flowered peduncles in the upper axils, an which 15, ‘dis Nr.

plant (Perottet, No. 154) is clearly not of this genus. It may be Melicope mee

Toddalia, | XXXIII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 497

9. TODDA LIA, Juss.

Usuall subscandent or sarmentose prickly shrubs, Leaves alternate,
1--folio ate; leaflets sessile. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes
or panicles, unisexual. Calyx short, 2-5-lobed or -parted. Petals 2-5, im-
bricate or va}vate, Stamens 2, 4, 5 (or 8 with the alternate imperfect),
Imperfect or Ó in the 9 flower, inserted at the base of a short or long or in-
fonspicuous disk. Ovary ovoid oblong or globose, rudimentary or 4-lobed
in the 4 flower, 2—7-(rarely 1-) celled ; style short or 0, stigma capitate ;
ovules 2, superposed or collateral in each cell. Fruit subglobose, or lobed,
coriaceous or fleshy, 2-7-celled; cells l- rarely 2-seeded. Seeds angled, reni-
orm, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, terete, cotyledons
tnear or oblong.—Distrin, About 8 species, natives of tropical and sub-
tropical Asia, Africa and Australia.

l. T. aculeata, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 83; prickly, leaflets sessile elliptic
obovate oblong or lanceolate crenulate, fruit 3-7-celled. W. A. Prodr.
129; Thwaites Enum. 69; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 37; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Flor, 46; Wight Ill. t. 66; Wall. Cat. 9042; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen.
Xi tvi f 4 T. asiatica, Lamk. Dict. vii. 693 ; ZU. ii. 116. T. nitida, Lamk.
Ml. t. 139, £4. iT. angustifolia, Lamk. Dict. l.c. 694. T. angustifolia, Mig.
m Plant. Hohen, 470. T. rubricaulis, Willd. T. floribunda, Wall. Pl. As,
Har. m. p. 37. Zanthoxylon nitidum, Wall. Cat. 1207, from China (not of

C) floribundum, Wall. Cat. 1206; Pl. As. Rar. iii. t. 232. Scopolia
aculeata, Sm. Ic. ined. sub t. 34; Roxb. Fl, Ind. i. 616. Limonia oligandra,

2 m Kew Journ, Bot. ii. 258. Paullinia asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 524.—

wm. Flor, Zeyl. 58, t. 24; Rheede Hort, Mal. v. 81, t. 41.

y SUBROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Kumaon eastwards to Bhotan, ascending to 5000 ft. ;
Hasta Mrs, ascending to 6000 ft and throughout the Western PENINSULA and
ALS Disrim Sumatra, Java, China, the Philippine Islands. .

rambling sarmentose shrub, prickly or not. Leaflets sessile, 1-3 by 3-1 in., gla-
brous, rounded, narrowed or subacute at the tip, which is acute obtuse or notched,
or ny-nerved, green on both surfaces, coriaceous. (mes axillary, compressed, longer

fe orter than the leaves, Flowers } in. diam., white. Calyx glandular. Petals 5,

i Meate. Stamens not exceeding the petals. Ovary usually 5-celled ; style short,

sou 5-lobed ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Fruit globose, size of a large pea,
9-£rooved, orange-coloured, 3-5-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell.— Whole plant hot

and Pungent, ,

eat bilocularis, W. £ A. Prodr. 149 ; unarmed, leaflets elliptic-lan-

Do acuminate quite entire, tip notched, flowers 2-3-inerous, fruit 2-celled,

ourn Por. Sylvat. xliii. ; cones, t. 167. Dipetalum biloculare, Dalz, in Kew
,] Ol. lL 38,

Bal Ij." PENINSULA ; Courtallum, Wight; Anamallay forests, alt. 2500-3000 ft.,
eme; Concan and Canara, Dalzell. . a eaf
d ddome), trunk often 3 ft. in girth, foliage dense, always unarmed. y ots

23 4 "nti or petioled, nerved as in the other species, apparently quite entire eta

bat’ s tly Imbricate. Stigma large, peltate. ‘ruit as large as a cherry.— pave seen

Dipet 1 ‘pecimens, both Wight’s, and in fruit only. I follow Dalzell in consi ering iis

té alum to be the same; he seems to have found it in a very early state, and, says

specimen Were 6, and inflorescence terminal, which latter is not the case in, ig ' s

Upper pie: ; Beddome, however, describes the inflorescence as terminal or from the

uti Tis, and much shorter than the petiole. Beddome further describes it as a

h ul tree of considerable size, with dense dark-green foliage; he found the females

3etaleq ' Ut not the males ; 3-petaled flowers were much more common than

VOL, 1, KK

498 XXXIII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Acrony chia.

10. ACRONYCHIA, Forst.

Trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, 1- rarely 3-foliolate, leaflets quite
entire. Flowers shall or rather large, yellow, in peduncled axillary Me
terminal corymbs, polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed, sometimes enlarged a Š
flowering, imbricate., Petals 4, spreading, revolute, valvate. Samant 5,
inserted under a thick 8-angled tomentose disk, filaments, übuiate, Ve
alternate longer. Ovary inserted in the hollowed tip of the disk, tomen Y: ,
4-celled ; style terminal, stigma 4-grooved ; ovules 2, superpose de oft
cell Fruit a 4-celled drupe, or 4-valved loculicidal capsule. See sce
exserted and pendulous from a slender funicle, testa black, albumen eorr
embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat.—DrsTRIB. About 15 species, na
of tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands.

1, A. laurifolia, Blume Bijd. 245 ; glabrous, leaves subopposite Lp
late, leaflet elliptic subobovate or oblong, cymés long-peduncled v 7 Mis.
corymbose, buds linear, petals linear villous within. A. pedunculata, J? Pi
Fi. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532 ; Thwaites Enum. 409 and 69 (Cyminosma) ’ Prodr.
Flor. Sylv. Anal, Gen, xlii, t. 6, f. 4. Cyminosma pedunculata, DC. t. 65;
i 722; Wall. Cat. 1205; W. € A. Prodr. i. 147; Wight IU. i. 165 1.58,
Dale, & Gibs, Bomb, Flor. Suppl. 17. C. Ankenda, Gartn. Fruct. L ARAT
f. 6 (bad); DC. Le. Clausena simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Tt Low.
Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl Symb, iii. 52, t. 61. „Gela lanceola td 1 lan-
Fl. Coch, i. 932. Selas lanceolatum, Spreng, Syst. ii. 216. Kimen Mal. y.
ceolata, DC. Prodr. i. 533. Indeterm. Wall. Cat. 9028— Rheede ort, Hat.
p. 29, t. 15.

Sixxim HINATAYA, in hot valleys, alt. 3-4000 ft.; Kaasta Mrs., alt. beu
Assam; CHITTAGONG; EASTERN PENINSULA, from Rangoon to Penang we 5000 fi.;
WESTERN PENINSULA, on the Ghats from Concan to Travancor, ascending to |
CrEvLox.—Disrurs, Sumatra, Java, Cochin China. shoots and

A small glabrous tree or shrub, with somewhat silky or puberulous y Ma d acuminate,
inflorescence. Leaves very variable; leaflets 2-6 in., obtuse or obtuse y s axillary,
membranous, quite entire, much veined and reticulate on both surfaces. rin d brac-
slender, oppositely branched, spreading, long-peduncled, .corymbose ; e ines z
teoles small. Flowers 4-2 in. diam., fragrant, yellowish-white ; bu 8 plong from
obtuse; pedicels slender. Sepals very small, rounded. Petals lineero Filaments
broad base, obtuse, revolute, more or less villous on the inner pines stigma capt
equalling the petals, slender, bearded below. Ovary villous; style s ied glabrate,
tate. Drupe very variable in size, from a pea to a small cherry, rA base, some-
usually with a narrowed angular or grooved tip, sometimes narrowed a
times déeply lobeđ from the tip downwards.

Var. 1; leaflets oblong, flowers about 4 in. diam. . ‘Hous within, drape

Var 2; leaflets 5-7 in. oblong-lancevlate, petals very sparingly vilou
globose -#5 in. diam. glabrous.—Sikkim, J. D. H. +) fruit small com

Var. 3; leaflets 4-5 in. cymes very slender, flowers smaller (13 in.), fruit om :
tracted at the base.— Western Peninsula. rrowly elliptie°

Van. 4; leaflets very small 14-2 by 3-4 in. very membranous na
lanceolate, cymes few-flowered.—Pulney Mts, Wight. he to .— Mergus

Van. 5; cymes few-flowered, fruit small turbinate lobed at the top
Griffith. Imost 1 in. dis»

Var. 6; peduncles stout thick, branches 3-flowered, flowers large à o pube Rm
petals much bearded within, frnit nearly $ in. diam. subglobose P
Malacca? Maingay. soled

š ni

2. A. Porteri, Hook. f.; leaves opposite 1-foliolate, Fall. Cat 7756

narrow, buds globose, petals ovate minutely pilose within.—

Acronychia, | XXXIII. RUTACEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) 499

Prxaxo, Porter, Maingay (Kew distrib. 280); Maracca, Griffth:

A lofty tree. Petiole 4 in.; leaflets 3-6 in., usually shortly acuminate, quite gla-
rous and entire, nerves beneath slender, spreading. Cymes 3-4 in.; peduncle and
short branches Stout, more or less hoary; bracts and bracteoles small, persistent, obtuse.

lowers 4 in. diam ; buds > in., puberulous. Sepals 4, fleshy, obtuse. Petals broad,
short. Disk pulvinate, bright yellow, glabrous. Filaments with dilated bases. Ovary
imperfect ; styles minute, rudimentary, connate. Drupe } in. diam., nearly globose,
odtusely 4-anvled, minutely pitted, 4-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds subcollateral, oblong-
reniform, plano-convex ; testa black, brittle.—The above description of the flowers is
taken very much from Maingay’s ms. which was drawn up from fresh specimens.

11. SKIMMIA, Thunb.

Small glabrous strong scented shrubs, eaves alternate petioled, simple,
quite entire. Flowers crowded, in terminal panicles, white, polygamous.
alyx 4-5-lobed, imbricate. Petals 4-5, oblong, valvate or slightly imbri-
tate. Disk obsolete. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous, imperfect in the 9 flower.
ary obovoid, (of 1-5 rudimentary carpels in the ¢ flower) 2-5-celled ;
Style stout, terminal, or 0, stigma capitate 2-5-lobed ; ovules solitary, pen-
dulous from the top of each cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy, with 2-5 carti-
aglnous l-seeded stones, Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ;
embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat, radicle short.—DrsTRIB. Species 4,
imalayan and Japanese.

1. S. Laureola, Hook. f. ; leaves oblong linear-oblong elliptic-lanceolate
Mr obovate obtuse acute or caudate-acuminate, flowers 5-merous. Limonia?
^ ureola, DO. Prodr. i. 536. L. Laureola, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 93, t. 245 ;

at. 6357. Anquetilia Laureola, Dene. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 161, t. 161. Lau-
reola fragrans, Koem, Synops. fasc. i. 74.
gLbroughout the Temperate HiwaLAYA, from Marri to Mishmi, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ;

ASIA Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft.—Disrris. Affghanistan. .

À glabrous shrub branched from the base, 3-5 ft. high, evergreen, strongly aromatic ;

ranches and foliage very bright green. Leaves exceedingly variable in size and shape,

7 in, softly coriaceous, quite entire, nerves indistinct ; petiole short, stout. Panicles

minal, short, dense-flowered branched ; females smaller ; bracts and 2 bracteoles deci-

uous. Flowers about 1 in. diam., yellowish-white, inodorous, shortly pedicelled.

: Petals oblong, obtuse. Filaments stout, subulate. Ovary ovoid, mi-

E» conic and 4-cleft in the d flowers. Fruit 41-3 in. long ; ellipsoid, red, fleshy.

the à 1-3; embryo green.— Very similar to the Japanese S. japonica, Thunb., but
OWers are 4-merous in that species.

12. GLYCOSMIS, Correa. Aue L at

" narmed shrubs or trees. eaves l-foliolate or imparipinnate ; leaflets
emate, Flowers small. in axillary rarely terminal panicles. Calyx 4-5-
Partite, Segments broad imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 8-10,
v» inserted round a disk, filaments subulate dilated below ; anthers small,
ùth often a dorsal or apical gland. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style very short,
Persistent, stigma simple ; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. Berry
led. ll, dry or fleshy, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; coty-
ons equal, radicje very short.—DisTRIE. Species 5, Asiatic and Australian.
ad have followed Professor Oliver in the limitation of the forms of this troublesome
75, which might very well be included in one species.

G. pentaphylla, Correa in Ann. Mus. vi. 384; leaves 3-5 rarely

l.
Moli iptic- ry 5- rarel
olate, leaflets polymorphous usually elliptic-lanceolate, opas y rarely

500 XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glycosmis.

3-4-celled glabrous, style very short stout. DC. P rodr. 1. 538; W, $ 4:
Prodr. 93; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 37; Wc d in Trans.
Thwaites Enum. 45 and 406; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 29 ; Bed t .
Linn. Soc, xxv. 211; Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xliii t. 6, f. 6. G. si yon
W. € A. Prodr. 93. G. arborea, DC. Lc.; Wall. Cat. 6373 ; Thwa Pots Obs
45. G. Retzii, Roem. Synops, fasc. i. 41. Limonia pentaphylla C 2 Pl
v. 24; Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 84 ; Flor. Ind. ii, 381. L. arborea, Roxb. Roem.
t. 85; FI. Ind. lc. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2074. Myxospermum chylocarpum, .
Synops. fasc. i. 40. . . : «att

Throughout TROPICAL and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, ascending to 7000 ft. i SE
from the Sutlej river in the N.W., southwards to UrrER Assam, TaAvANDOR, Borne
and Crvrox.— Distris. Malay Archipelago, China, Philippine Islands,
Australia, .

One of the commonest plants in India, if, as most suppose, the shrubby O° per
phylla and arboreous G. arborea are the same species. This is a point to whic tne by
in India should pay attention. Thwaites, who distinguished arborea at one stylo: À
the short glandular ovary narrower than the spheroid disk, short depresse ct 2 s not
broad as the distinct discoid stigma, and the smaller panicles, finds mE Ce and
to hold as he expected. "The leaves, which are evergreen, vary from 1—9-10110 alos
the leaflets from 1-9 inches long, and are broad or narrow, obtuse acute or Mi noun
oblong elliptic or obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or crenulate, rather "ot are verf
pale and reticulately veined. lowers small, white, in pubescent panicles 5 large pea
variable in size and composition. Berry white, globose, usually the size o ç ^ T i"
in var. 3, as large as a cherry.—I follow Prof. Oliver's. classification of M ° mman d
varieties, to which he gave many weeks of study with copious materials at r 200 speci-
The 3rd is added from Wight’s Illustrations and Herbarium. Upwards 1 tate
mens are preserved in the Herbarium at Kew from different collectors an i P" or oblong

Var. 1; leaves usually 3- rarely 1- or 5-foliolate, leaflets 4-9 in. lanceoia Aha tips q
or obovate-lanceolate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicles towar A amillary
the branches usually elongate many-flowered, ovary usually covered with m
glands 5-celled connate at the base with the disk.—Throughout India.

Subvar. ; leaves narrower.—Canara and Mysore. intic or elliptic-

Var. 2; leaves usually 3-5-foliolate (except subvar. 1), leaflets elliptic y celled
lanceolate, panicles small few- or many-flowered, flowers smaller, ovary, Giphylla,
scarcely mamillate constricted at the base and thus free from the disk.— "Prodr. 93.
Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 298; Suppl. t. 39; Ic. t. 167; W. & A.

G. nitida, W. & A. Prodr. l.c.—Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Tenasserim. r obovate-

Subvar. 1. longifolia ; leaves usually 1-foliolate, leatlets 3-10 1n. oblong val 3-4 in.
lanceolate often acuminate or even caudate, panicles short 1-2 in., or if termin
— Assam, the Khasia Mts., Rangoon, and Malacca. :n. or 1-foliolate

Subvar. 2. macrophylla; leaves 3—5-foliolate with the leaflets 34-6 in., o G. macro-
with the leaflets 8-12 by 24-6 in. disk thicker broader than the ovary. G.

: igida.
phylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6377.—Assam, Penang, and Tavoy. ? Chionotria Pie's
Jack in Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 155. Ch. monogyna, Walp.

382; Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 73. 3 in. G. angusti-
Subvar. 3. angustifolia; leaflets narrower lanceolate 14-3 by i-i Si Wall. Cat.
folia, Lindl. in Wa!l. Cat. 6318 ; W. & A. Prodr. 93. Limonia? angustilona,

6360.— Tanjore, Mysore and Tavoy. . style
Subvar. 4. panicles axillary very short, ovary scarcely constricted at tee y
equalling the ovary.—Sikkim, Silhet, the Khasia Mts., Cachar, and C wp acrocarph

Van. 3. macrocarpa; fruit 3-1 in. diam. constricted at the base. G.
Wight IU. i. 109.—Courtallum, Wight. |

: vary
2. G. bilocularis, Thwaites Enum. 45 ;. leaves 3-5-foliolsto Tin.
2-celled glabrous seated on the thickened disk. Oliv. in Jo
Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 38.
Czvros, in the Matnratte district, Thwaites. , inate,
A shrub. Leaflets 13-23 by 3-3 in., lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, subacum!

-

Glycosmis. | XXXIII. RUTACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 501

obtuse at the base, pale beneath. —Panicles axillary, very short, few-flowered. Sepals
broad-ovate or triangular-ovate. Petals oblong or elliptic oblong. Stamens alternately
shorter (much and irregularly dilated, concave within, Thw.); anthers small, cordate.
Disk short, thick, rather broader than the ovary.—I have seen only scraps of this. I
take the characters from Oliver and Thwaites.

3. G. sapindoides, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6376 ; leaves 5-7-foliolate,
hicles branched from the base stout many-flowered, ovary 2-3-celled,
ty about as long as the thick style.

Pryaxo, Wallich, Maingay.—Distris. Java.

A tree 3 (? 30) feet high, with the trunk as thick as a man’s thumb (Maingay).
Branches terete, glabrous, Leaflets 4-9 in., oblong or lanceolate, subacuminate.
Panicles 1-3 in., subpyramidal, branches short stout. Flowers shortly and stoutly
Pedicelled, Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals oblong or narrow oblong. Disk small or
obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate.—Kurz (Journ. Beng. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 49) sug-
gests that this will prove a form of G. ehlorosperma, Sprengel (Cur. Post. 162), but I
infor see how this can be, Sprengel's plant being described as having terminal

scence. .

4 G. puberula, Lindi. in Wall. Cat. 6375; leaves usually 3-foliolate,
vary 4-5-celled shortly stipitate oblong pilose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn.
` V. Suppl. ii, 39,
Prxaxa and Stncapore, Wallich. .
to eaflets 2-4 by 3-1} in., caudate-acuminate. Pedicels 4;—1 in. Disk small, adnate
iae Ovary. Style very short.—Perhaps a var. of G. pentaphylla, from which it differs
efly in the pilose ovary (Oliver).
; EXCLUDED SPECIES.
ag CRENULATA, Turcz. in Mose. Bull. Soc. Nat. 1858, pt. ii. 250, is Murraya crenu-
» Oliv. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 29), a native of Luzon and not of Sinca-
pore as Turczaninow states.

13. MICROMELUM, Blume.

Unarmed trees. — Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate, oblique.
or lobed large terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx cupular, 3-5-toothed
or lobed. Petals 5, free, thick, valvate or subimbricate. - Stamens 10, free,
ted round a short or long disk, filaments linear-subulate, alternate

orter, Ovary 5- rarely 2-6-celled ; style constricted at the base, deci-
"ey stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Berry
š 355 dry, usually 1-2-seeded, septa spirally twisted. Seeds oblong, testa

m Tanous ; cotyledons leafy, crumpled, radicle long.—DisTRIB. Species

"4, tropical Asiatic and Oceanic.

l. M. pubescens, Blume Bijd. i. 137; pubescent, leaflets 9-15 ovate to
broad lanceolate, corymbs subsessile or peduncled finely pubescent, calyx
x pular entire or 5-lobulate, ovary 5- rarely 2-4-celled more or les hairy,
Jo > Capitate slightly broader than the style, berry glabrous, liv, an
Ti. Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. ü. 40; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal, Gen. xliii. t. i r
iu Mes Enum. 46. Bergera integerrima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. à. 376; Watt,

slo Aurantiacea, Wall, Cat. 8517, 8518. mu TP

nutral and Ea ya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, J. D. H.;
ra M; KHASIA Mrs c Od and yw ‘hich southward to MALACCA ; CEYLON.

Age Java, China and Eastward to the Pacific Islands. — I » ate. short
petio] Umbrageous tree. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets subopposite and altern n M lv

a Waved, often caudate-acuminate, base often cordate, pubescent beneath, rarely
ve. Cymes terminal decompound, tomentose ; peduncle long or short; pedicels

*

502 XXXIII. RUTACEÆ. (J.D. Hooker) — [Jfüeromelum.

ys-} in.; bracts minute. Flowers variable in size, 1—1 in. diam., heavy-scented ; buds
oblong. Petals narrow-oblong, subacute, finely pubescent. Stamens alternately onger ;
anthers didymous. Ovary usually hairy; 2-7- but usually 5-celled. Berry one or
oblong, as large as a large pea, yellow. Seed nearly as long.— There is a specimen trom
N. W. India in Royle’s Herbarium, but probably from a garden, as he makes no mention
of it in his Illustrations of Himalayan Plants. ‘The following varieties are establishe
by Prof. Oliver :— . . "m

Var. 1; leaflets 24-33 by 1-1} in., calyx subentire, style equalling or excee ing i
ovary. Bergera villosa, Wall. Cat. 6372. Cookia punctata, Hassk. ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.
i. pt. 2, 524.— Penang (Java, Philippines). . .

AR. 2; leaflets 31-6 by 1-14-2 in., cymes broader, flowers larger, calyx with koi

gular lobes.—B. integerrima, Roxb. l.c.; DC. Prodr. i. 537. B. villosa, Wall. Cat.
6372.—Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. ; Nipal, Assam, Birma. din

Van. 3; leaflets narrower 13-34 by 4-14 in., calyx lobulate, style often exceeding
the ovary.—Ceylon.

2. M. hirsutum, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40; tomentose,
leaflets 10-25 obscurely toothed, cymes densely tomentose almost hirsute,
ovary 5-celled, stigma about as broad as the style, berry very hairy.—
Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8516.

Prxaxa, Jack, Porter, &c.; SiwcAPonE, Wallich ; Peau, McLelland; TENASSERM,
Griffith, Helfer.—DisrTRIs. Philippine Islds. oa
ery like M. pubescens, and probably only a variety of that plant, but more on »
tose, especially the inflorescence, which is almost hirsute, as is the berry. The flowe
are as small as the smallest var. of M. pubescens.

14. MURRAYA, Linn.

Unarmed shrubs or small trees, Leaves pinnate ; leaflets alternate,
petioled, base oblique or cuneate. Flowers solitary and axillary, or ri
terminal corymbs or axillary cymes. Calyx 5-fid or -partite. Petals ts
free, imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted round an elongate disk, filamen
linear-subulate, the alternate shorter ; anthers short, small. paid
2-5-celled, narrowed into a long deciduous style, stigma capitate; ovule
solitary or 2 superimposed or collateral in each cell. Berry 1-2-ce ta;
oblong or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. Seed with a woolly or glabrous testa;
cotyledons equal.— DISTRIB. Species 4, tropical Asiatic.

l. M. exotica, Linn. ; leaves glabrous 3-8-foliolate, leaflets obligos
cymes terminal corymbose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 28; 96;
FI. Ind. ii, 374 ; Wall. Cat. 6368 ; Thwaites Enum. 45; Wight [e $t 48.
Bedd. Flor, Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 2; Brandis For. Flor.
Chalcas intermedia and C. paniculata, Roem. Synops. fasc. i, 48 and 49.

Throughout the hotter parts of INDIA, from GARWHAL to Assam and Bina, and
southward to CHITTAGONG, Travancor, and CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Eastward to
Australia, and the Pacific Islands. d a sub-

A very variable evergreen plant, of which two forms occur—a bushy ar leaflets
arboreous. Branches slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves 4-5 m.; sce
shortly petioled, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, or rhomboid, obtuse or obtusely acumina
and often notched at the tip, usually very oblique at the base, shining id dee
entire, newer slender. Corymbs terminal and axillary, few- or many-flowere Petals
campanulate, $ in. diam., pure white, very fragrant. "Sepals glandular, vins elled ;
oblong-lanceolate, spreading above. Stamens alternately longer. Ovary *° hin,
style slender, stigma capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell or 2 superposed. Berry
apiculate, globose or ovoid, 1—2-seeded. sa. Auct. M.

Var. 1; shrubby, corymbs many-flowered, ovary 2-celled.—M. exotica, ;

Murraya.) XXXIII. RUTACEJE. (J. D. Hooker.) 503

exotica ni brevifolia, Thwaites Enum. 45.—Common in Northern India; Ceylon in
ns only.
222; arboreous, corymbs few-flowered or flowers subsolitary, ovary 2-celled.—
- paniculata, Jack in Mal. Misc. i. 31 ex Hook. Bot. Mise. ii. 79 ; DC. Prodr. i.
587 ; J. £ A. Prodr. 94; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. M. sumatrana, Roxb. Fl.
Ind. ii. 375; Wall. Cat. 6369. Chalcas paniculata, Zinn. Ch. sumatrana, Roem.
Jnops. fasc. i. 49 —Chiefly in the Western Peninsula. Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft.
lie 3; ovary 4—5-celled.—M. Glenieii, Thwaites Enum. 406; Oliv. in Journ. Linn.
: V. Suppl. ii. 29.—Trincomalee in Ceylon.— Thwaites, l.c., gives Oliver as the
author of this species, but the latter quotes Thwaites' mss. as his authority.

l 2. M. Kcenigii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii, 315; leaves pubescent or glabrous
0-20-foliolate, leaflets small oblique, cymes terminal, ovary 2-celled. Oliv.
in Journ, Linn, Soc, v. Suppl. ti. 29; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xliv. ;
[4 ndis For. Flor, 48, Bergera Keenigii, Linn.; W. & A. Prodr. 94;
n Ic. t.13; Wall. Cat. 6370 ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. t. 112; FZ Ind. ii.

5; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 99.

Along the foot of the Himalayas, from GARWHAL to Srxxm, ascending to 5000 ft. ;

9AL, Peau, and southward to Travancor and Cey1.on; often cultivated.

; Small strong-smelling umbrageous tree, pubescent or tomentose, rarely glabrous,
atduous, Leaves often 1 foot long, narrow ; petiole slender, terete; leaflets petioled,
Ii in, variable, usually obliquely ovate, obtusely acuminate, tip notched, crenulate,
vj setimeg suborbicular or lanceolate. Corymbs peduncled, many-flowered. lowers
dun in. long, subcampanulate, ebracteate. Sepals acute. Petals linear-oblong,

le e, dotted, Stamens alternately longer, filaments dilated below. Ovary 2-celled ;
hd cylindric, stigma capitate grooved ; ovules solitary in each cell, or 2-superposed.
hed ovoid or subglobose, 4 in. diam., black, rugose. Seeds imbedded in mucilage.—

aves much eaten in curries,

3. M. elongata, Alph. DC. mss, in Wall, Herb. ; leaves glabrous

*-foliolate, leaflets 4-5 in, ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-
"nate tip notched coriaceous,

Dus, at Taong-dong, Wallich. . I
gl Very different looking plant from any of the forms of JM. exotica.—Bark on the
ender branches pale yellow. Petiole with.rachis 3 in., angular; leaflets pale bright-
Ben When dry, much longer and more lanceolate than in any form of M. exotica.
à form. š m. long, narrowly ellipsoid, as in the last-named species, of which it may be

15. CLA USENA, Burm.

lee termed shrubs or trees. eaves imparipinnate, usually deciduous,
"Y membranous, Flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes panicles
: racemes, Calyx 4—5-lobed or partite, Petals 4-5, free, membranous,
ales imbricate, Stamens 8-10, inserted round an elongated disk, the
ta Fate shorter, filaments usually dilated or arehed and concave below
ha subulate tip; anthers short. Ovary stipitate, 4-5 (rarely 2-3-) cel ed
te usually distinct, deciduous, stigma obtuse entire or ere 3
or gi i» Collateral or superposed in each cell. Berry small, ovoid, oblong
v, Globose, 2-5-celled. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; cotyledons
with: Plano-convex.—DistriB, Species about 14, chiefly tropical Asiatic,
a few African and Australian.

*
Inflorescence terminal, panicled.

aie Dentaph i : tomentose above, leaves
: 11 . Prodr, i, 538 me
2-1-liolate, leaflets SU ia d acuminate tomentose or glabrate beneath,

ers 4-merous, ovary hairy, style very short glabrous. Don Gen. Syst. i.

504 XXXIII. RUTACEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Clausena.

586; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 30; Brandis For. Flor. 49.
Amyris pentaphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 247 (error in descript. of ovules);
Wall. Cat. 8519. ` Limonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 6362. Gallesioa pentaphylla,
Roem, Synops. fasc. i. 45.

Tropical Western HxwaLAYa, from Kumaon to Nipal, and in the Doom and Sal
forests of Oudh ; Cawnpore, Hardwick. ,

Branchlets terete, softly tomentose, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves large; petiole '
often shorter than the leaflet, terete; leaflets membranous, narrow and more or less
oblique at the cuneate base, quite entire or obscurely crenate, very shortly petioled,
usually softly tomentose beneath; nerves spreading. Panicle erect, 4-10 in. long,
branches long stout much divided, all very softly downy. Flowers } in. diam. ; buds
globose. Sepals triangular, acute. Petals oblong, concave, obtuse, glabrous or hairy
outside. Filaments short, broad. Fruit 4 in. diam., broadly oblong, glabrous, pale
orange, papillose.— Wallich's 8519, from the Calcutta Gardens, have very large (10 by

45, n) membranous sometimes 1-foliolate leaves, almost glabrous beneath and glabrous
petals.

2. C. heptaphylla, W. £ A. Prodr. 95, in note; glabrous, leaves
5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-5 in. equal or slightly oblique at the base,
flowers 4-5-merous, ovary obovoid 4-grooved glabrous, style as long as she
ovary and as broad as the stigma. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Supp".
u. 30. Amyris heptaphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 248 ; Wall. Cat. 8508.

EASTERN BENGAL, near Calcutta, Roxburgh; Siuuer, Wallich ; Kuasta Mrs,
ascending to 4000 ft., and Cuirracone, H. f. d T.; Tenasserim, Griffith. —

A branching bush, smelling strongly of aniseed ; branchlets glabrous, as thick as à
crow-quill. Leaves 6-16 in.; petiole cylindric, slender; leaflets sometimes 8 in,
shortly petioled, membranous, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, very obscurely crenulate,
pale beneath ; nerves and costa slender. Panicle with slender spreading branches, on
which the flowers are racemed. Flowers k in. diam., pedicels slender, buds globose,
yellow-white. Petals oblong, glabrous. Berry 4 in. long, oblong, white reddish or
pale yellow, glandular.

3. C. macrophylla, Hook. f.; softly villous, leaves 5-foliolate,
leaflets 5-7 in. equal of suboblique obscurely toothed tomentose beneath,
flowers glabrous, stamens equal, filaments very short, ovary stipito
glabrous 4-lobed tubercled, style as long as the ovary and as broad as tno
stigma. C. heptaphylla var.? pubescens; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. So Y
Suppl. ii. 30. Cookia? macrophylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6367.

Birma, on the banks of the Saluen at Trogla, Wallich. l
have seen but one specimen. Branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, and as we =
the petiole and panicle clothed with a soft spreading close-set velvety tomentum. Leaves
1 ft. ; leaflets very shortly petioled, acuminate, pale on both surfaces, nerves strong
arched, margin with shallow small rather distant teeth, midrib stout ; common pene
stout, terete. Panicle stout, erect, with the peduncle 1 ft. long ; branches strict, on
patent, secondary branchlets short. Flowers crowded, +ç in. diam., shortly pedice 2
uds globose. Calyr-lobes 4, minute, rounded, acute. Petals broadly oblong, conca
membranous, covered with large glands. Filaments much dilated below; anthe
large, oblong. Ovary stipitate, tubercled with very large glands; ovules 2, collate
in each cell. Fruit immature, oblong, tip obscurely 4-angled and truncate.

4. C. excavata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 87 ; pubescent or tomentose, leaves
15-30-foliolate, leaflets 2-3} in. oblique at the base, flowers 4-merous, ovary
ovoid or elliptic sub-4-gonal stipitate hairy or hirsute, style stout abot
equalling the ovary. DC. Prodr. i. 538; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. ,
Suppl. ii. 31. Murraya Burmanni, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 315. Amyris suma

Clausena.] XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 505

tana and punctata, Aoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 250, 251 ; Wall. Cat. 8512. Cookia
graveolens, W. £ A. Prodr. 95; Wall. Cat. 8515. Gallesioa graveolens,
Roem. Synops. fasc, i. 45.

Teorian HIMALAYA, alt. 2000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Grifith; SiunET
U, and Currragoxe, Wallich, &c. EASTERN PENINSULA ; Mauacca, Griffith;
ne, Porter, &.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

A tree fetid when bruised, smelling of Sassafras (Roxburgh) ; branchlets as thick as

*crow-quill and as well as the inflorescence petioles and leaflets more or less softly
entose. Leaves 6-12 in. ; petiole slender, cylindric, more tomentose than the leaf-
ts which are very oblique at the base, petioled, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, mem-
) ous, obscurely crenate, upper often falcate. Panicle 4-12 in. high, pyramidal;
ranches Spreading, alternate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, à in. diam., white; buds
_/ etals oblong, glabrous. Fruit Š in., broadly oblong.
Ax. villosa ; clothed with soft spreading hairs, petals hirsute.—Rangoon.

5. €. Wampi, Blanco Flor. Filip. 358 ; branches petioles and inflo-
p eence pustular, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-4 in. broad ovate elliptic or
neeolate waved or crenulate, flowers 4-5-merous, ovary pilose usually
ll ed, style very short glabrous above, stigma 5-lobed, ovules 2 in each
el superposed. Oliv, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 34. Cookia punc-
wt, Sonnerat Voy, iii, 258, t. 130; DC. Prodr. i. 537; Roxb. Fl. Ind.
1.382; Wall, Cat. 6366.

Cultivated in Ixora and the Eastern Islands ; native probably of China. _
Small glab Leaves 4-10 in.; petiole

lindri aorous tree, with a sweet terebinthine odour. ;
Panicle d glabrous or hairy; leaflets petioled, oblique, shining above, tip obtuse notched.
i large, erect, compound, branched from the base, branches stout. Flowers } in.

m» White; pedicels very short, stout : buds glob Petals broad, concave. Fruit
, Ç ) ) ; globose. a `
bond globose ; rind tough, covered with glands full of green balsamic oil. Seed solitary.

E Wallichii, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 35; leaves
id, oliolate, leaflets rhomboid or oblong-lanceolate crenulate glabrous,
e. And rachis obscurely winged, flowers 5-merous, ovary glabrous
Sige style distinct, ovules 2 superposed in each cell,

; Chappedong hill, Wati ;
tollis terete, Black when dey, smooth. Leaves 8-12 in.; leaflets 2-3 in., alter-
; o lique, caudate-acuminate with an obtuse notched tip, narrawed into a cuneate
; Petiole very slender, margined rather than winged. Panicle 3-5 in. long and

Li, qe branched ; branches erecto-patent, glabrous, strict. Flowers subsessi °

thic ned? glabrous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals imbricate. Stamens 10, free, filamen 8

in the middle, Ovary on a short narrow stalk, usually 5-celled ; style very

that y sç Yed,as broad as the stigma ; ovules obliquely superposed.—Oliver romar s

that this « the ovary is 4-celled, the ovules in at least one cell are collateral, as also

pectes weakens the distinction between Clausena and Murraya.

a indi " . .. . glabrous
' lea, Oliv. in Journ, Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. ii. 36; glabrous,
v 7-LI-foliolate, leaflets oblique polymorphous crenulate, flowers
tell, Be ovary 2-5-celled glabrous papillose, ovules 2 collateral in each
Journ edd, F lor. Silv, Anal. Gen. xlv. Piptostylis indica, Dalz. in Kew
Tho, Dt. iii. 33, t. 2; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 99. Bergera nitida,
Enum, 46 — ^

Mos PENINSULA ; from the Bombay Ghats, Dalzell, to the Anamallay hills, Bed-
À LON, Thwaites : |
waqaq uber small tree; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves 4-10 in. ; petioles pendor,
ite, elli io glabrous or puberulous; leaflets 2-4 in., petioled, very oblique, at ong-
“tte or bee pr lanceolate, rarely almost rounded, tip rounded obtuse and oe ed or
Date, crenulate, very dark with raised glands on both surfaces when dry.

p.

506 XXXIII. RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Clausena,

Panicle peduncled ; peduncle hoary, corymbosely branched above. Flowers š in. diam.,
very shortly pedicelled, pale, glabrous, globose. Petals broadly ovate. Fruit š in. diam.,
globose, yellow.—Beddome considers this to be probably a variety of C. Willdenovit,
but the inflorescence is totally different.

** Inflorescence axillary, panicled or racemose.

8. C. Willdenovii, W. £ A. Prodr. 96; glabrous or pubescent or
tomentose, leaves 5-13-foliolate, leaflets 1-2 in. obliquely ovate or ovate-
lanceolate crenulate, flowers in compound slender racemes usually 4-merous
ovary stipitate 4-angled or grooved glabrous, style short thick, ovales.
superposed in each cell Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. i. 32 ; Bett
For. Sylvat, Anal. Gen. xliv. t. 7, f. 3; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor, 30; Wig!
Ic, t. 14; Thwaites Enum. 47; Wall. Cat. 8509. Cookia dulcis, Bedd. in
Madr, Journ. 1861; Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211. Icica dentata, DC. Prodr.
1.78. Amyris dentata, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 337.

Srxxm HIMALAYA, alt. 1-2000 ft. Western PENINSULA, common, ascending to
3000 ft. in Wynaad. Crxrow, in the hot drier parts. —Disrrrs. Moluccas. "

A large shrub (Roxburgh), glabrous or with the young parts and sometimes i e s
tioles and inflorescence pubescent ; branchlets slender. Leaves 6-16 in. ; petiole s eu i
terete; leaflets petioled, oblique, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, acu 3-10
obtusely caudate acuminate, crenulate, membranous. Racemes slender, axillary, ia
in. long, branches or pedicels divaricating. Flowers fragrant, rather remote, $m
diam., whitish ; buds globose. Petals oblong, concave, glandular. Pru globose,
the size of a pea to a cherry, whitish-green, pellucid. he youn

Var. 1. pubescens; more or less pubescent or tomentose or woolly on the Wall
bracts petioles and inflorescence or throughout. C. pubescens, W. & A. rodr. 96 ;

Cat. 8510.—Pegu, Madras, Ceylon. š d pustular

Van. 2. nana; branches petioles and racemes quite glabrous with scattered pu Cat.
glands, leaflets smaller membranous reticulate. C. nana, W. & A. Le. ;

8507. Amyris nana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 249, Madras (Moluccas, Roxburgh).

9. ©. suffruticosa, W. £ A. Prodr. 96; softly tomentose, 1 sedie
11-17-foliolate, leaflets 3-5 in. obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong, » he-
in compound slender racemes 4-merous, ovary stipitate ovoid or “Olia. in
rical or grooved, style slender, ovules superposed in each ce 1 U áf-
Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 33; Wall. Cat. 8513, 8514. Amyts
fruticosa, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 250.

Currracone, Roxburgh; Kuasta Mrs., De Silva. : . branchlets

Shrubby, wholly clothed with soft spreading tomentum; stem simple; te, glan-
about as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 1 ft.; petiole straight, slender, boxe
dular towards the base; leaflets shortly petioled, obtuse acute or acumine slender,
equally tomentose on both surfaces, quite entire. Aacemes 2-5 in., compoun’
glandular. flowers } in. diam., greenish-white, pedicels slender ; buds globose; droop
glabrous, concave. Fruit (according to Roxburgh) 1 in. long, fusiform or pins pe
ing, orange-yellow, glandular. Seed solitary, green.— Distinguished from va
cens of Willdenow by the much larger size of leaves leaflets and fruit.

16. TRIPHASIA, Lour.
flets obtuse

A spiny shrub. Leaves alternate, sessile, 3-foliolate, lea illary»
crenate, lateral smaller. Flowers solitary, or in 3-flowered cymes, at °
sweet-scented. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 3, free, imbricate. + the base
inserted round a fleshy disk, filaments free subequal dilated a deciduous
anther linear. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, narrowed into a slender each ce!
‚style, stigma obtuse or capitate and 3-lobed ; ovules solitary immersed ip
Berry small, ovoid, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong,

Triphasia, XXXII], RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 507

mucilage, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal or

lobed.

ESTER PENINSULA, apparently common, but said to be an escape; common in
ens throughout INDIA and in various tropical countries. i .
glabrous spinous shrub, with straggling evergreen branches and leaves; spines
der, straight. Leaflets thick and soft, crenulate, coriaceous, almost nerveless, the

lateral I shortly petioled, 3-14 in., ovate with a cuneate base and rounded notched tip ;

smaller, more ronnded, oblique. Flowers very shortly peduncled, nearly š in.

ur white, fragrant. Petalstlinear-oblong. Fruit 4 in. long, fleshy, apiculate, gland-

vhi Eg raham (Cat. Bomb. Pl. 23) is probably mistaken in supposing that this,

ias considered by many to be a Chinese plant, is a native of the Southern Concan.
am not aware, however, that it has anywhere been found in an indigenous state.

17. LIMONTA, Linn.

oirbhs or small trees, often spiny. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate or impari-

nate ; leaflets opposite or alternate; petiole winged. Flowers panicled,
inbric or fascicled. Calye equally 4-5-lobed or -partite. Petals 4-5,
Ene Stamens 8-10, inserted around an annular or elevated disk,

c alata ; anthers cordate or inear-oblong. Ovary oblong,
-2 ne 71e Short, stout, deciduous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovule
“ibe Sach cell, Berry globose, ‘-t-celled” 1-4-seeded. Seeds imbedded
Asia, cilage ; cotyledons fleshy.—DisTRIB. Species 2-3, natives of Tropical

* Cells of the ovary l-ovuled.

bw acidissima, Linn, ; DC. Prodr. i. 536 ; spinous, glabrous, leaves
inged” leaflets 2-4 pair sessile o posite obtuse crenulate, rachis broadly
Grah, pa comes subumbellate, flowers 4-merous. HA. & A. Prodr. 92;
it. Bomb, PL 23; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 29; Bedd. For. Flor.
De 1 Gen, Xlv. L. crenulata, Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 86; Fl. Ind. ii. 381;
lima, Ñ ; Wall. Cat. 6364. Hesperethusa acidissima, crenulata and am-
vem. Synops. fasc, i, 38.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 14.
ing bis in Various parts of India, N.W. HiMALAYA in Simla and Kumaon, ascend-
t; Monghyr hills in Besar; Assam; Western PENINSULA, from the
m tats and Coromandel southwards, Yuxan, J. Anderson. a
Hin p3 Slabrons shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches; spines
very broad] ves 1-4 in. long ; petiole and rachis jointed, the former narrowly the latter
hse Cones sed ; leaflets 1-2 in., trapezoid-ovate, obtuse and notched at the tip,
tos » Margins crenulate, nerves slender reticulate ; joints of rachis obovate-
Powers | Slate, Jiacemes | in. long, pubescent, often leafy; pedicels slender.
bon mn, diam, tetramerous, white, fragrant. Sepals'small. Petals elliptic or
| MR k annular or columnar. Ovary 4-celled, style short thick; ovule 1 pen-
each cell. Berry globose, 4 in. diam., 1—4-seeded, very acid.

Í | :
| Hase Pubescens, Wail. Cat. 6365 (Limonia D; spinous, leaflets
tenate "PP9site broadly rhomboid or ovate obtuse quite entire or sinuate-

715 beneath and winged costa pubescent.
E Taong-dong, Wallich.

508 XXXIII. RUTACEÆ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Limonia.

The specimen in Wallich’s Herbarium is very incomplete, and the deta
which accompanies it is probably that of another plant. Branches wo yn sessile,
strong scattered thorns, branchlets unarmed. Leaves 3-5 in., leaflets 14-21 2 ies
base cuneate; rachis between the leaflets 34, in. broad.—? Fruit a depressed sp
4 in. diam., 5-lobed, smooth.

3. L. alternans, Wall. in Voigt. Hort. Calc. 139; unarmed, leav
pinnate, leaflets 5-7 pairs alternate acuminate crenulate, rachis » & So.
winged, cymes.subsessile, flowers 5-merous. Kurz in Journ. As.
Beng. 1873, ii. 64 (L. alternifolia),

Prev, Wallich, Kurz; 'TENASSERIM, at Mergui, Griffith. .

A slender shrub, with a simple or sparingly branched stem, quite glab 102 in ger
4-9 in.; petiole hardly winged; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets i dund
sessile, terminal much larger, nerves obscure. Cymes short and s orale Vin long,
axillary, glabrous. Flowers small, white. Sepals minute, acute. Peta 4 within
subacute. Stamens 10, the alternate longer, filaments sparsely pubescet 2.celled ;
Disk thick, elongate after flowering. Ovary. obovoid, compressed, deseri tion of the
ovules solitary, pendulous; style curved, stigma thickened.—The descrip
flower is from Kurz, who retains it in this genus.

** Cells of ovary 2-ovuled.

4. L. alata, W. d: A. Prodr. 92; usually spinous, leaves iig Dn
leaflets obovate quite entire, the lateral small, flowers Ar Cat 6363;
IIl. i. t. 41; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 27; Wall. Cat.
Thwaites Enum, 45 ; Bedd, Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlv. t. 7, f. 4.

here 12

Western PENINSULA ; foot of the Nilghiri and Anamallay Mts. a ei of tbe
the Madras Presidency, Wight, Maingay; CEvLow, common in hot dry p
Island. 1n. : leaflets 1-24 in.

A small glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., nearly straight. Leaves 2—4 in. ; tea terminal and
subsessile, base cuneate ; petiole 1-14 in., winged. Panicles 2-3 m., ) in. diam.,
axillary, few- or many-flowered, hoary, branches rather stout. Flowers ens subequ
shortly pedicelled, ebracteolate. Sepals triangular. Petals oblong. panes ov
Disk small, annular, Ovary 4-5-celled; style rather slender, stigma ded ,
collateral or obliquely superposed, Berry 1 in. diam., globose, many-seecer*

DOUBTF ND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
O UL A W: all. Cat

LIMONIA BILOCULARIS, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 377. Atalantia ? bilocclan tie atalan-
6356. Sclerostylis atalantioides, W. £ A. Prodr. 93, not of Wight Ic. T v. Supp" Y-
tioides, Roem. Synops. fasc. 42. A. buxifolia, Oliv. in ourn. Linn. | to the Calcutta
26.—A Chinese plant, erroneously supposed to have been introduced in

Botanic Garden from Coromandel by Dr. Berry. "
L.? FLAYICANS, Wall. Herb., from Taong-dong in Ava, a plant withou
uit, 15 not Aurantiaceous, but I cannot tell what it is. be

. it, may

L. osroxea, Wall. Cat. 6359; an imperfect specimen without flower "i Ir acuminat
Paramignya Grifithii. The leaves are 3-5 in., oblong-lanceolate, o short.
and as well as the slender branclilets finely pubescent beneath ; spines

L. PENTAGYNA, Roxb., is Bursera serrata, Wall., according to Kurz m
Soc. Bengal, 1870, pt. 2, 70.

L. retusa, Don Prodr. 224, is probably Triphasia trifoliata. -

t flower or
fr

Journ. As

18 LUVUNGA, Hamilt. :

. š Lat
Glabrous, climbing shrubs, usually armed with axillary EP fascicled 0f
3-foliolate; leaflets coriaceous quite entire. Flowers in si bed. vtals 4
panicled racemes. Calyx cupular, entire or obscurely 4-6-lobec-

Luvunga, | XXXIII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 509

free, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate. Stamens 8 or 10, inserted around a
cupular annular or elevated disk ; filaments equal or not, linear-subulate,
or cuneate ; anther linear or linear-oblong. Ovary 2-4-celled ; style
Stout, deciduous, stigma capitate ; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Berry
& ellipsoid, with a thick rind, 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, ovoid, testa
nembranous, nerved ; cotyledons equal, oblong, fleshy.—DisTRIrB. About
4 species tropical Asiatic,

l L. scandens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6382 ; leaflets 5-12 in. vblong
tliptic-oblong or lanceolate or oblanceolate tip rounded acute or acu-
mate, filaments more or less cuneate. Wight IU. i. 108 ; Oliv. in Journ.
I "rd v. Suppl. ii. 43; Bot. Mag. t. 4522. Limonia scandens, Roxb. Fl.

1, 380.

Fasrenx Brxear, Assam, the KHASIA Mrs., Birma, and MALACCA.

A strong scandent annual glabrous shrub, with woody flexuous branches, and re-
di. Spiues. Leaves very variable, thickly coriaceous ; petiole 2-5 in., stout, cylin-
oe leaflets smooth, shortly petioled, nerves very faint, spreading. Cymes panicled

subracemose, short, shortly peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers about 2 in. diam., very
fe, ant, white, Calyx with the margin truncate and lobed more or less. Petals 4,

hy, recurved. Stamens with the filaments sometimes united almost to the top.
ñ n 3-4-celled. Berry oblong, size of a pigeon's egg, yellowish, obscurely 3-lobed,
the Smooth, pulp resinous-odoriferous. Seeds 1-3, ovoid, pointed.—The description of
fruit is from Roxburgh. Malacca specimens have much broader and more obtuse
unes than the Silhet and Assam ones. Beddome (Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvii. in note)
vs that this, as well as the following, is abundant in the Western side of the Madras
*ncy, but I have seen no specimens from thence.

2 n. eleutherandra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii 258 ; leaflets
; r eliptic or obovate abruptly obtusely acuminate, filaments free.
I m Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii 44; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 30.
Thay) a Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 6383. L. scandens and eleutherandra,
^ “es Enum. 47, 48, 406. à Triphasia sarmentosa, Blume Bud. i. 132.
Yayapi PENINSULA, in forests from the Concan southwards; Cexzon, alt. 3-5000 ft.,
[A &e.; ? Tavov, Gomez.— DISTRIB. Java. — '
ue. fe only a variety of L. scandens, with smaller leaves and fruit and free sta-
bein thin (Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 1870, ii. 69) doubts Blume’s T. sarmentosa
teem] 55; but there is a Javan specimen so marked in the Herb. that altogether
ed the Indian. Wallich's specimens of L. T'avoyana have the leaves even
u those of L, scandens.

E 19. PARAMIGNYA, Wight.
rid e climbing shrubs, unarmed or with axillary spines. Leaves

M LI . .
Palate, he joint often obscure, quite entire, subcoriaceous, persistent.
Sal] s er large, axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx cupular or

"hata d 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or rarely induplicate-
` Stamens 8-10, inserted round a columnar disk, filaments free
equal or subequal; anther linear-oblong. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style
deciduous ; ovules in each cell solitary or 2 obliquely super-
tind thi ry ovoid or subglobose, often contracted at the base, 15-seeded,
Sotyled, ck. ' Seeds large, oblong, much compressed, testa membranous ;
ons fleshy, equal.—Disrris. Species 4, tropical Indian.
À gg) P'oPoses to join this genus with Atalantia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870,
lu ee ming that the shape of the anthers cannot Ë important, that A. missionis
i pene naar disk, and that the habit is the same in both genera. All the species of
Të Want a careful study and revisiou with better materials than I have.

510 XXXIII. RUTACE.E. (J.D. Hooker.) — [Paramignya.

* Flowers nearly Yin. long. Calyx cupular with broad lobes.

1. P. monophylla, Wight IU. i 109, t. 42 (Micromelum 9; ipu
recurved, leaflet oblong or elliptic with an abruptly acute tip, piri
equalling or exceeding the pedicels, calyx cupular broad Ng 0 5
stamens 10-12, ovary-cells 3-5 2-ovuled. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. 806. V.
Suppl. ii. 41.

SIEKIM Hiataya, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H. ; Buoran, Booth; Kuasta: Mrs, ot
2-4000 ft. ; TExAssERIM, Lobb; Western PENINSULA, common; the Western. Forests,
from the Concan southward ; CEYLON.

A stout climbing evergreen shrub, with strong green flexuous woody branches ae
hooked axillary spines sometimes nearly an inch long; tips of Me shoots e ere
often pubescent. Leaflets 24-5 in., usually elliptic and rounded at both ends, prin
somewhat obovate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate and acute or caudate-acuminate, o.
ceous, bright green ; nerves numerous, spreading ; petiole j— in. Flowers 1 Perna r:
white, fragrant. Petals linear-oblong, very imbricate. Filaments linear, i : Pd
glabrous and hairy. Ovary hairy or glabrous; style glabrous above; ovule
solitary. Berry ovoid or obovoid, size of a nut or larger, yellow, odour heavy.
compressed.

ñ .. è : es
2, P. grandiflora, Oli». in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii M od
short recurved or 0, branches and leaves beneath pubescent, leaflet e poto

ovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers usually solitary 8 en
than or equalling the slender pubescent or glabrate pedicel, "^i
cupular, filaments villous, ovary-cells 5 usually 2-ovuled. Limonia gr
flora, Wall. Cat. 6361.

Tenassermm, at Tavoy, Wallich, Helfer ; Sincapore, Lobb.

A small tree (Wallizh). Branches! lendar terete, sometimes glabrate. eae d
24-4 in. thinly coriaceous, base rounded. lowers 1 in. long, as large “ alyz lobe
P. monophylla; pedicel sometimes longer, with a pair of basal bracteoles. y
rounded, ciliate. Petals linear-oblong.

* Flowers about 3 in. long. Calyx small, with acute teeth.

ns

3. P. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; spines short, branches and leaves gar
or pubescent, leaflet elliptic or oblong abruptly obtusely Ms onge
flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acutely 5-lobed, filamen `a Olit.
than the linear-oblong anthers, ovary-cells 5 %ovuled. P. atr obi
in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 42 (not Limonia citrifolia, Ko } Limonis
scandens, Grif. Notul. iv. 495; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 587, f. p F
oblonga, Wall. Cat. 6359; and L. missionis, Wall. Cat. 6358 D. pa

Biro, at the Serpentine Mines and Malacca, Griffith ; Mukee hills in As84%;
Prev, M'Lelland. ? Penane and Situer, Wallich. ry different,

Branches and foliage like that of P. monophylla, but the flowers are Wek re is 8
41-1 in. long, with a small acutely-lobed calyx. Fruit unknown.—Griffit referable ©
great exaggeration, as his specimens prove. Wallich’s 6358 D and F are
this or the following. oalet

e

4. P. citrifolia, Hook. f. (not of Oliver); glabrous, spines short, ehed
elliptic ovate acute, flowers 1-3, pedicels very short, calyx acute y -cells 5
filaments much shorter than the linear elongate anther, M:
2-ovuled. Limonia citrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 379.

Currracone, Roxburgh. ite, abo%

Young shoots polished. Leaflet 4-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire. J bi ad wip grote
jin. diam. Petals oblong. Filaments quite free. Ovary ovoid-o m a
style short, thick ; stigma subpeltate. Berry ovoid, pointed, of the co po y
ance of a Lime, even to the little green cells in the cortex. Seeds 1-4,

Paanignys] xxxn. RUTACE&. (J. D. Hooker.) i 511

few small dry fibres only which are scarcely to be traced when dry, oblong; testa mem-
ranous.—This plant is unknown to me; the description is: taken from Roxburgh's.
Flora Indica and drawings. Prof. Oliver referred to it the preceding species, which .X
ers in the form of the stamens, and (if Roxburgh’s figure of the ovary is correct) in
Wanting a style, but the said figures resemble what an ovary would be were the style
en away. refer it to Paragmignya from the long anther and pointed fruit. Kurz
has pointed out that Oliver’s P. citrifolia and Griffith’s Citrus scandens cannot both
the same as Roxburgh’s Limonia citrifolia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, Pt. 2, 69).

5. P. longispina, Hook. f.; glabrous, spines long straight, leaflet
oblong subacute, flowers solitary small, pedicel very short, calyx 5-toothed,
ents short equalling the linear anthers, ovary-cells 3-4 4-ovuled, fruit
3-tangled.
MALACOA, Maingay. .
let anches stout ; spines opposite and alternate, straight, sometimes 2 in. long. Leaf-
in., base cordate; petiole very short. Flowers § in. long; pedicel very short.
Calyx-lobes obtuse. Petals oblong, obtuse. Stamens 10, equal, glabrous ; anthers as
€ as the filaments, narrow, with a long apiculus. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style
stout, cylindric ; ovules superposed in pairs. /rwit 1-1} in. long, between globose and
ovoid, pointed, 3. 4.celled ; rind thick, coriaceous, glandular, pulp 0. Seeds 2—4 in each
; Oblong, compressed, narrowed at the base into a short beak.— This description is
manly taken from Maingay’s notes.

6. P. armata, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 43; glabrous,
Pines straight or recurved, leaflet elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely
juate-acuminate, flowers small solitary or fascicled, pedicel very slender,
yx obtusely 4-5-lobed, ovary-cells 3-4 usually 1-ovuled. Arthromischus
armatus, Thwaites Enum. 47.
Certon ; in the hotter parts of the Island, common. .
les rodent shrub ; branches stout or slender, straight or flexuous. Leaflet 2-3 in.,
rounded, nerves indistinct; petiole exceedingly short. Flowers Y in. long, 4-5-
parous; pedicels 3 in.; buds obovoid. Calyx minute. Petals oblong, very much im-
i rie ‘laments linear-subulate, pilose; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary hairy;
Laer cylindric, stigma dilated. Fruit 34-3 in. diam., subglobose, pulpy, yellow,
ed,

20. ATALAN'TIA, Correa.

Unarmed or spinous shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, cori-

Dus, Persistent, quite entire or crenulate; stipule-like scales are often
Tesent at the base ofthe petioles and spines, which belong to undeveloped
“af-buds, Flowers axillary rarely terminal, fascicled or in short racemed
rene or panicles, rarely solitary. Calyx 3-5-lobed or -partite, rarely
th ‘gularly split. Petals 3-5, free or adnate to the stamens and united with
& em Into a tube, imbricate. Stamens 6-8, rarely 15-20, inserted round an
odlar or cupular disk, filaments free or irregularly connate subequal or
obl, alternate shorter; anthers short, ovate-oblong or base cordate (linear-
duu? in A. missionis) Ovary 2- or 4- rarely 3- or 5-celled ; style deci-
ved Stigma capitate ; ovules solitary or 2 collateral in each cell. Berry
ee Subglobose, 1-5-celled, 1-5-seeded, rind thick. Seeds oblong i
Asjledons fleshy, plano-convex. — DisrRI&. Species about 10, tropica
tic and 1 Australian,

* Anthers broadly ovoid. Ovary sessile on a short disk ; stigma clavate.

Caly;; irregularly lobed, split to the base on one side.

L. A. on . DG. Prodr. i. 535; leaflet elliptic or X
mite-oblong, tas dn Pinn flowers fascicled or shortly racemed,

512 XXXIII. RUTACEZE, (J. D. Hooker.) [ Atalantia.

calyx in flower or after it irregularly split to the base, margin pir
scarious, filaments monadelphous, ovary usually 4-celled, ovules 1 or
W. d A. Prodr. 91; Wight Ill.i. 108; Wall. Cat. 6353; Oliv. in ous
Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 24; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 28 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv.
Anal. Gen. xlvi. t. 7, f. 5. A. floribunda, Wight. Ic. t. 1611. A. platystigmy
Wight IU. i. 108. Limonia monophylla, Linn, ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 82 m”.
Ind. ii. 378. Turreea virens, Hellen. in Act. Holm. 1788, t. 10, f. i. (nor of
Linn.) Trichilia spinosa, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 623.—Rheede Hort, Mat
iv. t.12; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 65, f. i.

SıLHET, at the foot of the Khasia Mts., H.f. & T.; throughout the Wane
PENINSULA, from the Concan and Coromandel southwards; CEYLON, not uncommo
towards the N. of the Island. he tips

A large glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches (the "t
often pubescent), and usually strong axillary single spines. Leaflet 1-3 in., pert
oblong or elliptie, obtuse, notched or 2-lobed at the tip, coriaceous, bright green, T
entire; petiole very short, often pubescent, stipular scales subulate. Flowers VÀ e
diam., always fascicled in the leafaxils, pubescent; pedicels 4—3 in, minute A ini
teolate; buds subglobose or pyriform. Calyx rupturing irregularly. Petals o ors
oblong, obtuse. Filaments 8, rarely 5-7, conuate into an irregularly cleft tube, Wa
is antheriferous at the top; anthers broadly cvoid. Ovary sessile on a ee I "i
3-5-celled. Berry as large as a nutmeg, globose, like a lime, usually 4-celled ; ce
1-seeded.—Roxburgh describes the flowers, as shortly racemose, and calyx as 4-5-parted,
which does not agree with our specimens from the Peninsula. dicels

Var. macrophylla, Oliv. lc. ; leaves larger and broader, flowers racemose, pe 1
stout compressed (flowers not seen).—Tenasserim, Helfer. . hair

Var. carissoides, Oliv. l.c. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, pedicels longer hairy.
A. carissoides, Wall. Cat. 6354. —Segaen on the Irrawaddy, Wallich.

tt Calyx regularly or subregularly 4-5-lobed.

2. A. racemosa, W, d A. Prodr. 91; leaflet oblong elliptic or ont
oblong, lip obtuse or 2-lobed, flowers racemed rarely fascic ed, aggre
pubescent or glabrous, calyx 4-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse, filaments Lek
or less connate, ovary 2-3-celled, ovules 2 collateral Oliv. in J oup Il
Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 24 ; Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvi. A. capitellata, Dr
in Wall Cat. 6355. Sclerostylis racemosa, parvifolia and ovalifolia, , s
il, i. 109. S.atalantioides, Wight fe. 71. ` Lampetia (not of W. £ A. Prot
racemosa, Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 421 Limonia ? missionis. Wall. Cat. 6 e
Phak oin PENINSULA ; from the Concan to Travancor; CEYLON, at Galaga”

ardner. in-

A small tree, armed or unarmed, very similar to A. monophylla, but the fover <
stead of being long pedicelled in short racemes or fascicles, are shortly pedice » An
racemes sometimes 3 in. long, but at others almost reduced to corymbs; the lens rs are
usually larger, and often broader, thongh quite small in Wight’s figure; the flows ually
of the same size, but often very crowded and the buds very globose, they are e ovary
4- but sometimes 3-5-merous, and the filaments are free or variously united ; " I more
is sessile on a small disk.—The great distinction between these species is in t obtuse.
or less regularly 4- (3-5-) lobed calyx ot this, the lobes of which are acute wien e
Fruit globose, 3 in. diam. One of Wight's specimens has ovate leaves, corda date at
base. Wallich's 6358 E, from Penang (G. Porter), in fruit only, with leaves cor
the base, may be this or the following, or something different from both. :

oe . e

3. A. ceylanica, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 255 ber
obtuse notched or 2-lobed rarely obtusely acuminate, flowers ve
racemed, calyx 4-lobed, filaments free or 2 or 3 of them more or "e .
bined, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral Thwaites Enum. H Kat.
Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlvi. Rissoa zeylanica, Arn, in Act. Am

ess col-

Atalantia. | XXXIII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 513

Cur, xviii. 394. Sclerostylis zeylanica, Wight IU. i. 109 ; Thwaites Enum. 46.
& Arnottiana, Wight Ill. Lc.

Western Peniysuta; Phoondah Ghat, in the Concan, Ritchie; Nilghiris, Beddome ;
EYLON, common in the warmer parts of the island; ? Maracca, Griffith. .
À bush or small tree, unarmed or armed with very straight spines, 1-1 in. long.
iflet extremely variable, 1—7 in., elliptic-oblong ovate-oblong obovate or almost lan-
late, simply obtuse or with an emarginate or 2-lobed tip. Hacemes rarely exceeding
in. Flowers quite similar to those of A. racemosa, and on equally short pedicels ;
ds globose. Ovary sunk in the annular disk.—' The Malacca specimens have no
owers, the leaf is 5-6 in., elliptic-lanceolate, more attenuate at the obtuse entire üp,
and the globose fruit 8 in. diam. when dry. ' : i
Var. rotundifolia, Oliv. l.c.; Thwaites, Enum. 405; leaves rounded or obovate or
even obcordate. Sclerostylis rotundifolia, Thwaites, l.c. 46.—Ceylon, at Maturatte,
alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, Thwaites. ,

4. A. caudata, Hook. J. ; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate
with a broad 2-lobed tip, flowers small in very short glabrous racemes,
JX very small 4-5-lobed, ovary 2-celled, ovules 2 collateral. A. Rox-
burghiana, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 25. Limonia? caudata,
all. mss. in Herb. Hook.

Kuasta Mrs, at Churra, alt. 4000 ft., H. f. & T. (Hort. Bot. Cale. Wallich).

A glabrous unarmed shrub, with slender branches. Leaflet 3-4 in., much narrower
ànd more narrowed at each end than in any congener, margin quite entire, tip some-
times dilated. . Racemes 4 in., peduncles and pedicels much more slender than in its
rongeners, Flowers 1-Y in. diam., white, fragrant, usually 4-merous, buds rather

ger than broad, Calyx very small. Petals obovate-oblong. Stamens quite free ;
anthers ovoid. Ovary sessile on a disk narrower than itself; stigma subcapitate, —A
very distinct species, distributed as S. Roxburghiana? by T. Thomson and myself.

5. A. Roxbur hiana, Hook. f. (not of Oliver) ; leaflet elliptic-lanceolate
acute, racemes axillary short Hes Mi calyx 4-lobed, filaments free,
ovary 2.celled. Amyris simplicifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 244. Sclerostylis

Oxburghii Wight Te. t. 72. |

Pisano, Roxburgh ; ? Mauacca, Griffith. .

ranches slender, apparently without spines. Leaflet 4-5 in. narrowed at both
li Subacute, nerved exactly as in all its congeners (except L. missionis) ; petiole
ob acemes 1 in. 5—6-flowered, Flowers nearly 4 in. diam., buds globose. Calyx

Usely 4-lobed,. Petals obovate. Filaments free short subulate ; anthers ovoid-oblong.
ta "y ovoid, apparently sessile ; the disk not being represented in Roxburgh s drawing

pening into a toothed stigma (probably incorrectly figured) ; cells with 2 collateral,
litt] p each. Berry (in Griffith’s specimen) globose, 3 in. diam, when dry.—A very
Wig nown plant, of which there is a figure amongst Roxburgl's drawings (copied by

t in his Icones), and with which I provisionally identify a fruiting specimen of a
à plant collected by Griffith.

Anthers linear-oblong. Ovary stipitate.

thoi missionis, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 25; leaflet oblong-

ate or elliptic opa ue margin undulate when dry articulation obsolete
EM Tuy obscuro, Tacorhes very short, calyx 4-5-lobed, ovary usually
Cen ed, Stigma capitate, ovules 2 collateral. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. nal.
“aint Limonia missionis, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 291 ; Suppl.
Apu Te, t.175; W. d: A. Prodr. 92. L. 1 missionis, J all. Cat. 6358,
588, e Chilocalyx ellipticus, Z'urcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat, Mosc. 1863,

irs Pentxsuna ; Redhills, Madras, and other places on both sides of the Presi-
VoL, qos, in the hotter parts, LL

514 XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Atalantia.

A small tree, head bushy; branches green, terete, the old with long sharp thorns,
the young with two axillary ones. Leaflet 2-4 in., very thick and coriaceous, ti
rounded, margin sometimes crenulate, both surfaces alike and of a very opaque an
ashy green when dry, with a few very obscure horizontal nerves not reticulated like the
other species, green mottled with white when fresh; petiole 1-4 in., with no trace,
articulation. Racemes 3-13 in., glabrous, 6-8-flowered. Flowers pure white, 4-4.
diam., buds globose. Calyx very small, lobes acute. Petals obovate. Filaments
slender, quite free; anthers obtuse. Ovary 4-5-celled, narrowed at the base, crowning
the disk; style cylindric. Berry globose, upwards of 1 in. diam., 4-5-celled ; cells
1-seeded, full of glutinous fluid. ` Seeds oblong.—A very distinct and curious species,
the texture and nervation of the leaf differ wholly from its congeners, and resem le
those of T'riphasia. Wight (from whom most of the above description is taken) states
that the ovarian cells have several ovules, but this is certainly an error,

EXCLUDED SPECIES.
A.? Bitocutaris, Wall. Cat. 6356 (see after Limonia).

21. GITRUS, Linn.

Shrubs or trees, usually spinous. Leaves alternate, 1-foliolate, coriaceous,
persistent ; petiole often winged, lowers axillary, solitary fascicled or in
small cymes, white or pinkish, sweet-scented. Calyx cupular or urceolale,
3-5-id. Petals 4-8, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate, Stamens 20-60, i
serted round a large cupular or annular disk ; filaments variously com
compressed at the base; anthers oblong, Ovary «-celled; style fe
deciduous, stigma capitate; ovules 4-8, 2-seriate in each cell, (nt
large, oblong or globose, fleshy, many-celled, septa membranous, cells, oí
seeded and filled with horizontal fusiform cells distended with he ó
Seeds horizontal or pendulous, testa coriaceous or membranous ; em 2e
sometimes 2 or more in one seed, cotyledons plano-convex, 0 fen jes,
equal, radicle small, superior,—DisTRiB. About 5 tropical Asiatic spe
and 2 Australian, cul

_ C. japonica, Thunb. (C. inermis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 393), the Kumquat, 18 rne the
tivated in India. I have followed Dr. Brandis’s excellent work closely in regard
forms of this difficult genus.

1. C. medica, Linn, ; young shoots glabrous purple, leaflet, pum
flowers often unisexual, petals generally more or less pink, fruit 8
ovoid or oblong often mamillate at the apex. ding t0

Valleys along the foot of the HrwALAYA from GamwaaL to SIKKIM, ascen py
4000 ft.; the Knasra Mrs; Garrow Mrs, Roxburgh; Currracone, °
and the Western Gnars and Satpura range in CENTRAL INDIA. . I found
,, A shrub or small tree, flowering and fruiting at most seasons, growing where olate ;
it on steep hill sides (in Sikkim). Leaflet 3-6 in., elliptic-ovate or ovate-lance us
petiole naked or winged. Flowers 5-10 in a raceme, small or middle-sized. o truly
20-40.—The following are the principal varieties, of which I have found on ir
wild in Sikkim, with an oblong leaflet 4 in. long, margined petiole, pink flor iru
long, narrowly ellipsoid, rough fruit 7 in. long, of which the upper 2 in. are The tals
into a long conical mamilla, the rind is very thick, and pulp pale ellow. id not doubt
pass into stamens, which would suggest its not being indigenous, but Į dic 4 for any
its being so when I gathered it, mainly on dry sunny slopes totally unsuite
kind of cultivation, where it formed large bushes. flowers usual

Var. 1, medica proper ; leaflet oblong, petiole short margined or not, How ;
numerous, fruit large oblong or obovoid, mamilla obtuse, rind usually wa tium
tender aromatic, pulp scanty subacid.. Brandis For. Flor. 52. C. dá
medica, W. d A. Prodr. 98. C. medica, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 6387;
Bomb. Fl, Suppl. 13.—The Citron. vind

par,
& Gi.

1

Citrus.] XXXIII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 515

Var. 2. Limonum ; leaflet ovate, petiole margined or winged, fruit middle-sized
ovoid yellow mamillate, rind thin, pulp abundant acid. Brandis, le. 52. C. Auran-
tum vor, Limonum, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limonum, Wall. Cat. 6389; Dalz. &
MS Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 13. C. medica, Willd. according to Roxburgh F'l Ind. iii. 392.
—1he Lemon.
_ Var. 3. acida; leaflet elli tic-oblong, petiole many-times shorter than the leaflet

ear or obovate, racemes short, flowers small, petals usually 4, fruit usually small
globose or ovoid, with a thick or thin rind, pulp pale sharply acid. Brandis, Le. 52.
C. acida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 390 (who includes under this the varieties, if not species, *

Sour Limes and Lemons found in India) The large fruited states of this appear to
assume the form of the Citron, and the small to approach the W. Indian Lime, :
Which is, however, described as a bush with white flowers.—The Sour Lime of India.

. VAR, 4. Limetta; leaves and flowers as in var. acida, fruit globose 3-5 in. diam.,
nnd thin smooth, juice abundant sweet not aromatic, Brandis, l.c. 52. C. Aurantium
vars. Limetta and Lumia, W. & A. Prodr. 98. C. Limetta, Risso; Dalz. & Gibs.

b. Fi, Suppl. 13; Wight Ic. t. 958; Wall. Cat. 6385.— This includes 2 of Wight

Arnott's varieties, viz., (1) C. Limetta, Risso (Sweet Lime), with winged or margined
petioles, small white flowers, globose or ovoid mamillate fruit, and a rind with concave
vesicles, C. Limetta, DC. ; Wall. Cat. 6385. C. Limonellus, Wall. Cat. 6386? (2)
C. Lumia, Risso (Sweet Lemon), with a simply margined petiole, flowers tinged with

ovoid-oblong fruit with a long mamilla, and rind with convex vesicles.—Wight
“ys that his “O” Limetta is certainly indigenous at Kolagbery in the Nilghiris.—The
Weet Lime of India.

2. Ç. Aurantium, Zinz.; arboreous rarely shrubby, young shoots
glabrous greenish white, leaflet elliptic or ovate acute obtuse or acumi-
» Petiole often broadly winged, flowers pure white bisexual, fruit globose
erally oblate not mamillate.
„Hot valleys along the foot of the HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards to Sikkim, and
u the Kaastra Mrs. .
I A small slender tree, flowering in the rains, and fruiting after them, growing where
"IH found it in the very bottoms of valleys, and where it did not occur to me to doubt
di mg indigenous, The fruit was somewhat flattened or nearly globose, about 2 in,
The gree coloured, and uneatable, being (if I remember aright) mawkish and bitter.
ua wing are the principal cultivated vanes — 354 t yellow rarely red
++ Aurantium er ; petiole naked or winged, pulp sweet ye .
andis, For. Fi. 53. O Aurantium, L.; Roxb. Pl. Ind. n 392; W. £ A. Prodr.,
Y all. Cat. 6390 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 12. —The Sweet Orange.
ndr igaradia ; petiole usually winged, flowers larger and more strong'y scented,
97. Tery aromatic, pulp bitter. Brandis, Le. 53. C. vulgaris, Risso; W.& A. Prodr.
its oi] all. Cat, 6384; We. Ic. t. 957. C. buxifolia, Poir—Wight & Arnott describe
? Yesicles as concave, in contradistinction to C. Awrantium, in which they are
By This variety does not seem to be cultivated in India, except in gardens.—
Y ltter or Seville Orange. . .
tind a 3. Bergamia ; flowers small very sweet-scented, fruit fiebre or pyriform,
Anti oth pale-yellow, pulp acidulous with pleasant aroma. Brandis, Lc. 54. C.
Rarely onl’ var. Bergamia, W. & A. Prodr.98. C. Limetta var., DC. Prodr. i. 539.

tivated in Índia.-—The Bergamotte Orange.
3 0. zx i leaflet ovate
itie ^J Strix, DC. Prodr. i. 539 ; young shoots glabrous, leaflet o'
itie or lanceolate equalling or smaller than the very broad petiole,
Boy, Small white, fruit globose or obovoid. td ks a honey dt Soe
" pt. 2, p. 70. Citrus Papeda, Mig. Fl. Ind. Dat. 1. pt. 2, 530.
tips, Hoo L Thoms. Herb. p Ór Tapéda Rumphii, Cat. Hort.
Ka, —Rumph, Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 26, f. 1 & 3, 27, 28.
Durai * id ; in woods at the Living bridge, Moflong and Myrung, alt. 2-5000 ft.—
` Sumatra, . .
A very little-known plant described by Decandolle from a plant in the Montpellier
LL

x

516 XXXIII. RUTACEZX. (J. D. Hooker) [ Citrus.

Botanic Gardens, without flower or fruit, and of which I have seen dried specimens as
I have also flowering ones from the Mauritius Gardens, all named C. Hystrix. Kurs
has, no doubt rightly, identified Rumph's figures quoted above with this plant. Di
guished from C. Aurantium by the spinous branchlets, large petioles, and small pie
which are 4-petalous. The fruit varies from the size of a walnut to that of edd

apple, it has a very thick more or less tubercled rind and insipid or acid pulp. m,
probably by à misprint, describes the flowers as 4-5-androus, Miquel says 24-androus;

find in Mauritius specimens about 15 stamens.

4. C. decumana, Linn. ; young shoots pubescent, leaflet large ovate-
oblong frequently emarginate pubescent beneath, petiole broadly winged,
flowers large white, stamens 16-24, fruit large pale globose or pyrorm
rind thick, pulp pale sweet or acrid. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 393 ; Dalz. €
Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 12 ; Wall. Cat. 6388. " d

Commonly cultivated in Ixp14. ` A native of the Malayan and Polynesian Islan £ š

A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaflets 6-9 in. Fruit often very large, pulp yellow pin
crimson, sweet or acrid, vesicles distinct.—Shaddock, Pumelo, Pompelmoes.

22, PER OONIA, Gertn.

A spinous tree. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; leaflets opposite, le
sessile, quite entire; petiole winged or not. Flowers in terminal or, a decd-
loose panicles or racemes, polygamous. Calyx small, flat, 5-toothed, few
duous. Petals 5, rarely 4-6, spreading, imbricate. Stamens 1012 ^ ide
sometimes imperfect, inserted around a short disk, filaments dilated, $ m
and front villous, tip subulate; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 4 odi:
5-6-celled, at length 1-celled ; style 0, stigma oblong fusiform pes pec
ovules œ, crowded in many series upon 5-6 at length parietal p Mid
Fruit large, globose, 1-celled, oo -seeded, bark woody rough. . Se in ting
in pulp, oblong, compressed ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, radicle po
away from the hilum.

.. 11 .

1. F. Elephantum, Correa ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 141; F lor. T LY :
W. & A. Prodr.96; Wt. c.t. 15; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FL. 30;
Cat. 6380 ; Brandis For. Flor. 56, Cratzeva Vallanga, Koenig mss. ard to

Throughout India, in dry situations, from the PANJAB eastward and southw
CEYLoN; wild or cultivated, ascending to 1500 ft. in the W. Himalayas. ¿seed ; spines

A small eeckinons glabrous tree, head ovoid. Leaves smetling ° ane? lin.
strong. straight axillary. Leaflets 5-7, cuneate or obovate, tip crenate. pt.
diam., dull-red, 4 and 9 often ^ the same panicle; peduncle and pedicels p —
Fruit 24 in. diam., pulp edible.—The Elephant or Wood-apple.

23. ERG LE, Correa.
u
?

, b-
Spinous trees. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; leaflets membranoUs y
crenulate. — Powers large, white, in axillary panicles. — eile
4-5-toothed, deciduous. Petals 4-5, spreading, imbricate. fame pulate
rous, Inserted round an inconspicuous disk, filaments short -SU oral;
anthers elongate, erect. Ovary ovoid, axis broad, cells 8-20, per’ erous
style short, stigma capitate oblong or fusiform deciduous, ovules " many
2-serlate. Fruit large, globose, ovoid or reniform, 8-15-celled ; [heri com
seeded, rind woody. Seeds numerous, in aromatic pulp, 09019) siatie
pressed, testa woolly and mucous.—DisTRIB. Species 2-3, trop!
and African. ; 579;
Ind, ii. 9757

` 1. A. Marmolos, Correa; Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 143; Fi A (at.
W. & A. Prodr. 96; Wight Io: t. 16 ; Beddome Fi, Sylv. t. 161; Wal

E

4gle.] XXXIII. RUTACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 517

6379; Dalz. d; Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 31; Brandis For. Flor. 57. Feronia
pellucida, Roth. Nov. Sp. 384. Cratæva Marmelos, Linn. C. religiosa,
Ainslie Mat. Med. Ind. ( Sid. Wight) not of Vahl.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t. 35.

Throughout INDIA, in dry hilly places, from the Jhelum to Assam and southwards to

vancor; wild or cultivated, ascending to 4000 ft. in the W. Himalaya.

A small deciduous glabrous tree; spines 1 in., straight, strong, axillary. Leaflets

» ovate-lanceolate, lateral sessile, terminal long-petioled. Flowers 14 in. diam.,
push white, sweet-scented ; pedicels and calyx pubescent. Filaments sometimes

icled. Fruit 2.5 in. diam., globose oblong or pyriform, rind grey or yellow ; pulp
sweet, thick, orange-coloured.—A species or variety with oblong fruit is grown in Birma,
of which I have seen the fruit only.—The Bael tree.

At p. 363 Dr. Masters has referred Heritiera attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1140, to Rutaceee
38 à species of Niota. That genus is however now merged in Samadera in Sima-
rubeæ, . Wallich’s plant, of which the specimens are imperfect, may be certainly iden-

d with Brownlowia lanceolata, Benth. Steudel, quoting from Wall. Cat. p. 157,
W ms. name Niota? polyandra, has misread the authority H. Ham. (Herb. Ham.) as
-& A., and has further referred the plant to Vittmannia.

ORDER XXXIV. SIMARUBEJZE. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)

didi Ty, racemose paniculate or cymose, rarely spicate. Flowers usually
< mous, regular and generally small. Calya 3-5-lobed, valvate or im-
ca Petals 3-5, very rarely 0, hypogynous, valvate or imbricate. Disk

nY as the petals, rarely indefinite, inserted at the base of the disk ; fila-
ten with a scale at the base ; anthers oblong, usually introrse,

lobed, ess often entire; styles 2-5, free or more or less united, stigmas
Pitate; ovules usually solitary in each cell, rarely more numerous, raphe

Tame L Eusimarubes. Ovary deeply divided.

€ solitary in each cell.
Mens twice as man y as petals.

aves pinnate; fruit samaroid . . . + + + - 1. ATLANTUS.
aves simple ; fruit drupaceous, variously winged 2. SAMADERA.
gutem Spiny ; filaments with a scale; fruit baccate . 3. Harrisonta.
yens as many as petals.
isk thick, entire; flowers panicled ; styles connate . . . 4. Picrasma.
De ‘lobed ; flowers compoundly cymose; styles nearly free 5. Bruce.
Ovules sk 0; flowers panicled ; styles connate . PUTA 6. sunroom.
2 in each cell; leaves simple . 7. SURIANA.
Tes rr. Picramnieg, Ovary entire ; 2-5-celled.
raty 2-celled ; Je i | 8. IRVINGIA.
; leaves simple . . . . . . . i
May Scelled ; stem satay: leaves 2-foliolate 9. BALANITES.

518 XXXIV. SIMARUBEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Aüantw.

1. AILANTUS, Desf.

Lofty trees. Leaves very large, alternate unequally pinnate. Woe
small, polygamous, bracteolate, in terminal or axillary panic es Pene
5-fid; lobes equal, imbricate. Petals 5, valvate. Disk 10-lobed. P ithont
10 in the hermaphrodite flowers 2-3) ; filaments short or filiform, prr
scales, Ovary 2-5-partite ; styles connate; ovules 1 in each ceh ber
anatropous. Fruit of 1-5 1-seeded samaras ; wing very large, men stralis <
Seed pendulous, sparingly albuminous.—DIıstRIB. India, China, Au ,
species 3—4.

`. t or sub-

A, GLANDULOSA, Desf.; DC. Prodr. ii. 89; leaves pubescen "^
glabrous, leaflets Very coarsely toothed at the base, filaments elonga
Brandis For. Flor. 58.

Northern India, probably introduced.—Distris. China. 3" ub
A lofty tree. ‘Leaves often exceeding 1 ft. ; leaflets very numerous, divides diee
equally by the midrib, paler beneath. Flowers small, in much: brane x of about 3
ilaments filiform, exserted, several times exceeding the anther. hc atre of the
membranous linear-oblong samaras, about 1} by jin. Seed near the ce
samara, about 1 by +; in.

T . es

1. A. excelsa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. p 4505 ass
landular-hairy, leaflets very coarsely toothed, filaments ° Wight Til. i
arge red twisted. DC. Prodr. ii. 89; W. € A. Prodr. nu is: Wall.

t. 67; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 37; Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb, Fl 46;

Cat. 8481 ; Brandis For. Flor. 58. Distar.
N. W. Tms (probably introduced); Bemar, and WzsrERN PENINSULA —
ueensland (var. imber a). ;

4 A tree e ft. [Ael vA or more ; leaflets very numerous, on wog petiole o

unequal at the base. Flowers larger than in A. glandulosa, on longish pe Mi ' eflexed.

lax often very much-branched panicles. Petals ovate-lanceolate, com dale 2 in.

Filaments half the length of the anther. Samara larger than in A. glan "ke

; or twice
by 4 in., strongly veined, blunt or pointed at both ends, copper-red, always once or.
twisted at the base.

: l

2. A. malabarica, DC. Prodr. iL 89; leaflets almost entire Rist

glabrous on long petioles very unequal at the base filaments Thwaites

samara large rounded. W. £ A. Prodr. 150; Wight Ic. t m 2 padd. Fl.
Enum. 69 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 37 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 46;
Sylv. t. 122; Brandis For. Flor. 58.— Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 15.

istrict

Western PENINSULA, in Canara, &c.; Ceviox, near Colombo, and distr
Seven Corles—Disrris. Cochin China. . ath,
Isa,

of tbe

; ne
A lofty tree. Leaves very large ; leaflets distant, coriaceous, much lighter be
the two sides very unequal, margin often thickened and wavy. Flowers ss ror than the
but rather larger, and filaments very slender, exserted, many times d E both en
anther. Samara broadly linear, 24 by 3 in,, reddish, not twisted, rounde

2. SAMADERA, Gertn.

ite,

Larger or smaller glabrous trees. Leaves simple. Flowers hermaphrod
in peduncled axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx small, Sant uw ;
bricate. Petals 3-5, much longer than calyx, coriaceous, 1mbr1 all scale 2$
large, conical. Stamens 8-10, included in the corolla, with a en or less
the base. Carpels 4-5, distinct, free ; styles free at the base, Pruit of 15
united above, stigmas acute; ovules solitary, pendulous. ilate i
ms dry compressed 1-seeded drupes, each with a narrow un
— Distr, Tropical Asia and Madagascar. Species 3.

&madera] XXXIV. SIMARUBEX, (Alfred W. Bennett.) 519

1. S. indica, Gertn, Frut, ii, t. 156 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate fleshy,
umbels many-flowered on very long peduncles equalling the leaves, fruit
coriaceous glabrous smooth or slightly reticulated. Wight IU. t. 68 ; W. d A.
Prodr. 151; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 37 ; Hook, Ic. Plant, t. 7; Planch. in
Hook, . - Journ. Bot. v. 562; Thwaites Enum. 70. Niota pentapetala,
Poir, in Lamk. Dict. iv. 490; DC. Prodr. i. 592. N. tetrapetala, Lam. TU.

299, p. 436; Poir. in Lamk. Dict. iv. 490; Blane. Flor, Filip. ed. 9,
D.213; Wall. Cat. 6349. N. Lamarckiana, Blume Bijd. 251, 960. Vitt-
mannia elliptica, Vahi Symb, iii. t. 62, Manungala pendula, Blanc. Flor.
Filip. p. 306.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 18.

WesTerN PENINSULA; throughout the S. Concan, and Malabar. Ckvrow, not un-
common in the South of the Island. `

A small tree, 30-35 ft., with stout branches. Leaves 8 by 3 in. or larger, blunt, with
short thick petioles. Flowers numerous, shortly stalked, in dense umbels. Calyx small,
thick, ciliated, persistent in fruit. Petals narrowly oblong, often apiculate. Stamens

ce aS many as petals; filaments very long, with a scale at the base. Ovary
Rally 4-celled. Fruit oval, 13 by 1 in.— There appears to be no reason for identifying,
with Lamk, and DC., this with the Madagascar species.

?. S. lucida, Wall, Cat, 1062 ; and Plant. As. Rar. ii, t. 168; peduncle
9f umbel shorter than the leaves, fruit strongly reticulated. Planch. in
“wa Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 562, Niota lucida, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. t. 168.

Ittmannia lucida, Steud. Nom.

Tevassenre, Wallich; Axpaman Istps., Helfer.

*ty nearly allied to S. indica, and perhaps only a variety. Leaves a paler green,
Sometimes larger and with longer petioles. Umbels sometimes almost sessile. Fruit '
smaller, pear-shaped, dark-brown, glabrous, with a very narrow wing.

3, HARRISONTA, Brown.

Glabrous spiny shrubs, Leaves unequally pinnate or 1-foliolate.
^ lowers hermaphrodite, in bracteate cymes. Culye small, 4-5-fid. Petals
soaa nger than calyx. Disk hemispherical. Stamens 8-10, with small
or $$ at the base. Ovary globose or 4-5-lobed, 4-5-celled ; styles connate
be inct at the base; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a small globose
hae; , Seed solitary, sparingly albuminous.—DisTRIB. Tropical Asia,

jm ralia, and. Africa, Species 3-4. . à

ver (Flor, Trop. „i. wn that the affinities of this genus are rather
wih this rib of the ont than ith. Pieramorior in which it is usually placed.

lu Bennetii, Z y i, 314; leaflets 5-9 entire or
` ook. f. in Gen. Plant. i, 314 ; leaflets
sty lect calyx persistent, filaments glabrous with a hairy scale at the base,
Pl Ja completely united hairy. Lasiolepis paucijuga and multijuga, Benn.
v.

y. pye” Har, 202, t. 42, L. Bennetii, Planeh. in Hook, Lond. Journ. Bot

Aii and Peau, Grifith, &c. — Distre. Java, Philippines, Siam, S. China,

A woody shrub, wit rved spines (stipules ?), especially om the lower
Part 9f the branches naan short reonried ap mens Boadened and even winged and
Ver ted between the leaflets. Cymes terminal, 8-20-flowered. Calyx-segments
thar spe Petals lanceolate, glabrous. Filaments longer than petals, 5 rather sheets
A ene 28 Other 5, Berry formed of 2-5 carpels, surrounded: by the persistent cal yx
1794.5 men in the Hookerian Herbarium trom Madura, “ Herb. Hort. Dot. Calc. No.
i Eu the leaves 3-foliolate, appears distinct —— GE ies, f
“Bink m. Rep. App. iv) reports H. Brownii (?) a Philippine species, from
est Cape, observed x nowhere else, specimens lost.

520 XXXIV. SIMARUBEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Picrasma.

4. PICRASMA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs with very bitter properties. Leaves very large, unequally
pinnate. Flowers small, diclinous or polygamous, in axillary, panen
Calyx very small, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, valvate, very often incr Oost
after flowering. Disk thick, entire. Stamens 4-5, not, scaly, any, in the
3-5-partite, free ; styles distinct at the base and apex, but une n ki
middle, stigmas simple; ovules erect, solitary. Fruit of 1-3 hipelago
coriaceous drupes. Seed erect, albuminous, —DISTRIB. India, Archipelago,
China, Japan, West Indies, Brazil. Species about 6.

1. P. quassioides, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 198 ; leaflets numerous rata
acuminate serrate, flowers polygamous in pubescent panicles, ere dite
ments petals and stamens 5, petals persistent in female and ermap ch n
flowers, filaments strap-sbaped equalling the petals villous. voids,
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 573; Wall. Cat. 8506. Simaba quas
Ham. in Don Prodr. 948. Nima quassioides, Ham. mss. RU

Subtropical Himalaya; from Jamu to Nirar, ascending to 8000 ft. in
Bnoraw, Grifith.—DisrRis. S. China. bitter bark.

A large scrambling shrub, with stout often spotted branches and Mni nd stipuli
Leaves a foot or more long, of 9-15 leaflets, the lowest pair much smaller p chore
form. Flowers green. Calyz-segments small, imbricate. Petals ovate d i. about
much enlarged and coriaceous in fruit. Fruit of 3-5 rather membranous drupes,
the size of a pea, each containing 1 erect seed.

2. P. javanica, Blume Bijd. p. 248; leaflets 3-7 elliptic-oblong abraptly
obtusely acuminate quite glabrous, margins flat quite entire, tips 197 t. 4l;
i-i the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Benn. Flor. Jav. 197,
Planch. in Hoók. Lond, Journ. Bot. v. 573. '

Matacca, Maingay.—DisrRIB. Java. et with

A moderate- sized tree, of which there are two forms (or species) in Jere Malacca
elliptic oblong leaflets and a slightly pubescent panicle, and with whic icle
specimens agree; the other. with more obovate leaflets and a glabrous pany lar ger, j in.
` „VAR. ? mishmiensis; leaflets 5-9, elliptic oblong more coriaceous, drupe ,
diam.—Mishmi hills near Jingsha, Griffith.

os ate

3. P. nepalensis, Benn. Flor. Jav. 201; leaflets 5-7 elliptic ance
caudate-acuminate quite glabrous, margins waved or wrinkle Wook d.
tips 4—3 the length of the blade, flowers 4-merous. Planch. i ne Tade
Journ. Bot. v. 573. Brucea? Wall. Cat. 7499. B. dubia, Steud. Nom.
terminata, Wall. Cat. 9037 (see under 8506).

Nirat, Wallich; Khasia Mts., De Silva, Grifith. . `. noi

A smaller and narrower leafleted plant M: javanica, with longer poet
leaves which have wrinkled white edges when dry ; the branches of the pan
slender and the anthers larger.

. iptic-
4. P. andamanica, Kurz Andam. Rep. App. iv.; leaflets elpe
oblong rounded at the base abruptly obtusely acuminate qui
flowers 4-merous, petals glandular.
Sour ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. . , Leaflets vari-
A tree with very smooth branches, closely resembling P. javana. in, much mor?
able in number, 5 by 24 in., thinner, and scarcely thickened at the pei ctly Jabrous-
rounded at the base and often unequilateral.. Panicle rather lax, perte Fruit we

bins or more of the petals of the male flowers with two large glandular dots.
nown.

s to the
re Inore

5. BRUCEA, Mill Flower

Bitter trees or shrubs, Leaves very large, unequally pinnate. ^ Gary
very small, in very numerous very small cymes collected into

Brucea} ^ xxxiv. SIMARUBER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 521

panicles. Calya minute, 4-partite, imbricate. Petals 4, minute, linear,
imbricate. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted beneath the disk; filaments
naked, Ovary deeply 4-lobed, or consisting of 4 entirely free carpels.
pes 4, entirely free, ovoid, somewhat fleshy. Seed solitary, exalbu-
minous.-Distrrp. Africa, Tropical Asia, Australia; species 6.

l B. sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 449; leaves very large, leaflets
puDeroUs very coarsely toothed villous beneath, panicles very long com-
pad, flowers usually hermaphrodite, filaments short. DC. Prodr. ii. 88 ;

al, Cat. 8482 ; Blume Bad. 1167.

Assam; EASTERN PENINSULA ; in Tenasserim and the Andaman Islds., Helfer ;

ieee Wallich. — Disrris. Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, South China,
a.

^s shrub with bitter and somewhat feetid properties. Leaves often more than a foot

there with a dense yellow pubescence, especially on the veins, &c. beneath,

Owest leaflets sometimes compound. Panicles axillary; rachis greatly elongated,

" W-pubescent; the minute flowers collected into small rather distant stalked cymes.

enai very minute. Petals larger than the calyx-segments, linear-spathulate. Stamens
exceeding petals in length. Drupes §-4 in., black, glabrous, reticulated.

eu mollis, Wall. Cat. 8483 ; leaflets numerous lanceolate-acute entire
; y pubescent, racemes compound, drupes ovoid. Kurz in Journ. As.
5 eng. xlii. pt. ii. p. 64. Mh
8 übtropical Easrery Hmaraya; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 3-6000 ft., Grifith, and
“RET, Wallich,
itter shrub, Leaflets larger than in B. sumatrana, 3 by 2 in., from pubescent to
y glabrous.» Panicles axillary; rachis pubescent or nearly glabrous; secondary
Often many-flowered. Petals linear, longer than the stamens. Drupes muc
"aan in B, sumatrana, 1—] in., brown, glabrous, scarcely reticulated.

6. BUR €YCOMA, Jack.

caval trees, with bitter bark. Leaves very large, unequally pinnate, with
Panic] eaflets. Flowers polygamous, in much-branched subterminal hairy
es, Calyx minute, 5-toothed, valvate. Petals 5, induplicate-valvate.
tter - tamens in male and hermaphrodite flowers 5, smaller in the
styles filaments attached to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-partite, free ;
lou, ep o oeate, stigmas distinct. Drupes 3-5,stipitate. Seed solitary, pendu-
a exalbuminous.—DISTRIB. Malacca, Archipelago, Philippines. Species 2.

L z. longifolia, Jack, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 307 ; leaflets elliptic

> panicles glandular-hairy, calyx-segments glandular, petals ovate-

Plan pate, laments appendiculate. DC. Prodr. ii. 86; Wall. Cat. 8522 ;
nch, in

tam Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 584, E. merguensis, Planch. Lc.
dia Wall. Cat. 8523.

Stearn Parish, and the ANDAMAN Istps., Helfer, to Manacoa, PENANG, and

A tree E — Distrip, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. :

races with bitter properties. Leaves a foot or more long, with a large number of
eh x (often not opposite) leaflets, much paler beneath. -Panicles large, spreading,

Petal, ‘branched ; rachis and pedicels covered with a rufous glandular pubescence.

Within times as long as calyx-segments, by zy in. broad, very finely pubescent

ligulate aa without, Filaments broad, half as long as the petals, glabrous, with a

lam eee appendage at the base. Drupes hard, ovoid, š in. long, 4 in. broad.—

Herbarij e to distinguish the specimen of Planchon's Æ. merguensis in the Hookerian

the type. by the alleged character of the filaments; otherwise it precisely resembles

522 XXXIV. SIMARUBEZ. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Zurycoma.

2. E. apiculata, A. W. Bennett; leaflets elliptic apiculate, panicles
. slightly hairy, calyx hairy without, petals ligulate, filaments not appen-
diculate.

Penane, Maingay. .

Leaves very long ; leaflets ending in an abrupt point, dotted on the lateral veins be
neath. Panicles denser than in pi longifolia ; the rachis and pedicels slightly hairy.
Calyx-segments not ciliate. Petals very narrow, 1 lin. long, í lin. broad, glabrous,
Filaments very short, 1-4 as long as the petals, glabrous. Fruit unknown:

7. SURIANA, Linn.

An insipid littoral shrub. Leaves simple, entire. Flowers hermaphrodite,
conspicuous. Calysx 5-partite, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate,
Disk inconspicuous, Stamens 10, unequal in length, 5 sometimes barren.
Qvary of 5 free carpels ; styles basilar, filiform ; ovules 2 1n each came
lateral Fruit consisting of 5 or fewer carpels covered by the persisten
calyx, each 1-seeded, indehiscent. „Seed ascending, exalbuminous.

"C S. maritima, Linn. Gen. No. 581; DC. Prodr.ii.91 ; W. £ A. Prodr.
Throughout the tropical shores of India.—DirsrRre. Cosmopolitan. . Yinear-
Branches thick, covered with a velvety pubescence. Leaves about 1 in. long, l ad

spathulate, obtuse, velvety. Flowers }-} in. across, terminal, hidden by the leaves
etals 4 by } in. long, equalling the calyx, ovate-acute, yellow.

8. ERVINGIA, Hook. f.

Glabrous insipid trees. Leaves simple, coriaceous, entire, with wm
stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, in axillary panicles, ebracteate. O70
small, 4-5-partite, imbricate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Disk very a-
cushion-shaped and folded. „Stamens 10, inserted beneath the disk, e
ments long, slender. Ovary conical, compressed, 2-celled, entire; Sty
simple, terminal; ovules solitary. Frut large, drupaceous pU fol-
Seed pendulous, exalbuminous.—bDisrRIB. Species 3-4; all but the
lowing Tropical African,

l. I. malayana, Oliver, ms.

Maracca, Maingay. d thick,

Branches striated, glabrous, annulated at or near the nodes. Leaves large an on
4 by 2 in, elliptic, acute, quite entire, petiolate, base rounded and somewhat araa Ç
Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or panicles. Calyx e oting:
lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes, reflexed after 2OY
Filaments as long as the petals. Ovary conical, rising from the centre of a very
disk and narrowing into a terminal style.

een, in small axillary cymes. Calyx-segments 5, imbricate,
Petals 5, imbricate, "bi tiak, als entire. Ovary entire, g
1-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous, Fruit a large fleshy oil Norther
drupe. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous.—DisTRIB. Tropical and ^?
Africa, Syria, and W. Asia; species 2 (1). 58

1. B. Roxburghii, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser, 4, H. 258;
velvety. Brandis. dor. "Flor. 59. B. E. Wall. Cat. 6855 a iL pi
Bomb. Pl. 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 274. Ximenia segyptiaca, Row. Fl. and

Drier parts of India fro GOOZEBAT, Kann
CEE Pop gegen sini Pen quin

Balanites] XXXIV, SIMARUBEZ. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 523

À small tree, 20 ft. high, with glabrous or puberulous branches ending in very strong
"i ascending spines. Leaves of two elliptical or obovate puberulous entire coriaceous
filif ets. Cymes 4-10-flowered. Sepals and petals ovate, velvety-pubescent. Filaments
allied yo bulate. Fruit large, woody, angular, more than an inch long.— Very nearly
Arica. and perhaps only a variety of, the B. egyptiaca of northern and tropical

Ong XXXV. OCHNACEZE. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)

(s Glabrous trees or shrubs, with watery juice. Zeaves alternate, simple,
ion Y pinnate) coriaceous ; stipules 2. Inflorescence panicled or occa-
„naty umbellate (rarely flowers solitary), bracteate. Flowers hermaphro-
4 Conspicuous. Sepals 4-5, free, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, rarely
or 10, free, hypogynous, imbricate, longer than the sepals, deciduous.
finite enlarged after flowering, occasionally 0. Stamens 4, 5, 8, 10, or inde-
e Inserted on the disk ; filaments persistent ; anthers basifixed, some-
yos deciduous, dehiscing longitudinally, or often opening by terminal
pie oe short, 2-celled or elongate and 1-10-celled ; placenta axile or
sti etal; style simple, subulate, acute, rarely divided at the extremity,
oe simple, terminal ; ovules 1-2 in each cell or indefinite, ascending
rarely pendulous, raphe ventral, micropyle superior. Fruit indehiscent,
var or baccate, compound, each drupe or pyrene 1-4-seeded ; or
"ud and 1—5-celled with septicidal dehiscence. Seeds solitary, few, or
„arous; albumen fleshy or 0; embryo straight or rarely curved,
chi of € Superior or inferior.—DrsTRI&. Tropical regions of both hemispheres,
y American ; species about 150.

gm I. Ochnew. Ovary 2-10-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell.

Sta exalbuminous.
"bag % ; flowers paniculate . .
ns 10; flowers paniculate or umbe
n and stamens 4 . . . . .
E II. Euthe . i-5-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell.

Seeds albuminous mide. Ovary semi-5-c ;

ens 5, with alternate staminodes . . . . + +

eU ite e c. on 1. OcusA.
late . . . . . . . 2. Gompnta.
8. TETRAMERISTA.

4. Evuruemis.

1. OCHNA, Linn.

aii brous trees or shrubs, Leaves alternate, simple, serrate, rarely entire,
Seas ate. — Flowers large, yellow, in bracteate panicles or umbels.

5, coloured, persistent, Petals 5-10, deciduous. Disk thick, lobed.
Openin ®, Shorter than the petals, filaments short or elongated ; anthers
leslla]. longitudinally, deciduous. Ovary deeply 3-10-lobed, lobes
in each è styles entirely connate or distinct at the apex; ovules solitary
erect ael axile Fruit of 3-10 drupes seated on the broad disk. Seed

; "uminous,—Drsrprp, Tropical Asia and Africa ; species about 25.

l.
tlie, S quarrosa, Lina, ; DC. Prodr. i. 735; leaves from narrowly
Lowers oblong-ovate or obovate, acute obtuse or mucronate, finely serrate,

Ind, ;; oTt persistent filaments, styles united to the apex. . Fl,

Da © 35 Cor. Pl. i. t. 89; Wight IIl. i. t. 69; Grah, Cat, Bomb, Pl. 37 ;

te, ; pes. Bomb, Fi. Suppl. 17. O. lucida, Lamk. Ll. t. 472, fi; DC.

0. nitida 27 tn Hook. Journ. Bot. v. 649; Griff. Not. iv. t. 605, f. vi.

Thung > Thunb. ; DO. Lc. ; Planch. Lc. 650 (not of Wall). O. rufescens (I)
` G; Theo. Enum. 70, O, obtusata, DC. Le, 735 ; Wall. Cat. 2805.

524 XXXV. OCHNACEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Ochna.

Sunet; Biema; Peou; Eastern and Western PENINSULAS, and CEN: dini ia

Leaves very various in size and shape; stipules $-] in. Flowers và t AT
loose axillary panicles. Petals not much longer than the sepals, clawed. nh Des
times longer than the very short filaments. Style greatly exceeding the s amens. 4 fcn
3 in. long, seated on the greatly enlarged disk, and surrounded by the pers ently the
ceous calyx.—Griflith’s O. lucida is described as having 5 petals, but is appa

lant. :

VAR. cordata; leaves much smaller cordate at the base and rounded at the apex
more sharply serrate. O. cordata, Thw. Enum. 70.—Ceylon.

2. O. Wallichii, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. Peed i leanes
oblong-elliptic very finely serrate, petals 5, anthers not longer 2 dod (not of
ments, styles united nearly to apex. O. nitida, Wall. Cas hin Hook.
Thunb.). O. stipulacea (), Colebr. ms. ; Wall. Cat. 2806 ; Planch. (not of
Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. squarrosa, Kurz Andam. Rep. App. AA Soc.
Linn.. O. andamanica, Kurz Rep. And. ed. ii. 33, and in Journ.

Beng. xli. pt. 2, 295.
' TEvassEnIM, Tavoy, the ANDAMAN Tsuanps, and Peau. . . sauté.

Leaves 4 by 1| in. or larger, acute, very shortly petioled ; stipules very neolate,

vers on very long pedicels, in loose axillary panicles. Sepals ovate ki - Anthers
geuerally reflexed after flowering. Petals somewhat longer than the SP les greatly
elongated, but rather shorter than the very slender persistent filaments. tj i
exceeding the stamens. . : —Moul-

VAR. parviflora ; flowers much smaller. O. parviflora, Griff. Not. iv. 464. x
mein, Griffith. . te base

3. O. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 2808; leaves elliptical to Pate or in
rounded subcordate subobtuse coriaceous serrulate, flowers, 80 vri style
pairs or rarely 3, petals 5, anthers about as long as the fi Ame Wight Lc.
5-cleft at the apex. W. £ A. Prodr. 152; Thwaites Enum. 70; W. € A.
t. 223 (1); Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 653. O. Hey Deal "Wall.
Le. ; Planch. Le. 653. O. Walkerii, Planch. lc. O. parvifolia, I
Cat. 2807. O. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 70. .

Travancor, Wight; warmer parts of CEYLON. : t often

Leaves much smaller than in Ó. squarrosa and Wallichii, 1-13 by Pim "usually
narrower, very shortly stalked; stipules very slender, 1-1 in. Flowers dafter flowering:
solitary, smaller than in the two species named. Sepals usually reflexed a Ochna pari
—In O Moonii, Thw., the number of flowers in a cluster is larger from Arabia
folia, Vahl Symb.i 33; DC. Mon. Och. 17, t. xix. f. 2; Prodr. i. 73 ^ this species:
Felix, much resembles and may even be identical with a small-leaved form 0

Var. angustifolia ; leaves narrowly elliptical tapering to either end.

r less

4. O. pumila, Ham. in Don Prodr. 224 ; leaves very large more thers
broadly oblanceolate serrulate, flowers very large and handsome in ook.
longer than filaments, style undivided. DC. Prodr. i. 736; P D lz. & Gib.
Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 652. O. nana, Ham, in Wall. Cat. 3761 ; ut Trans.
Bomb, Fl. 46. O. humilis, Wall, Cat. 3762. O. collina, Edgew. Beng. si
Linn. Soc. xx. p. 43, 10. fruticulosa, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc,
pt. 2, 295. | . Kurz;

Foot of the HIMALAYA, from Kumaon, Edgeworth, to Sixx, J. D. H.; Prey
Sourn Concan, Dalz, & Gibs. ` : rrowed below

A small shrub, 1-3 ft. (2). Leaves often as much as 6 in. by 2 in., ne ales ]-] in
and very shorily petioled, acute or obtuse, very sharply serrulate; § m in. across»
Powers umbellate, 3-6 at the end of a common peduncle, as much ee
pedicels 3-1 in.; common peduncle 3 in. long, bracteate at irs d by the elon-
ovate, 2-3 times shorter than the petals. Filaments ahort, sn a x.
gated anthers. Styles elongate, connate or very slightly divided at t ? ui Pega by the
finely reticulated.—I am unable to distinguish Kurz's O. fruticulosa fro MS
description. The Concan habitat is taken from the Bombay Flora. _

Ochna.) XXXV. OCHNACER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 595

5, () O. brevipes, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. v. 652; flowers
nearly sessile in compound fascicles, anthers somewhat longer than the
euts, styles undivided.
Prev,
Leaves unknown, deciduous. Flowers 4—$ in. across. Sepals elliptical. Petals 5,
obovate, suddenly narrowed into a claw. Styles about as long as stamens.

2. GOMPHIA, Schreb,

Glabrous trees or shrubs, Leaves alternate shining, 2-stipulate. Flowers
yellow, in axillary or terminal racemes or umbels. Sepals 5, coloured
persistent, Petals 5, imbricate. Disk thick, lobed. Stamens 10, inserted
at the base of the disk, filaments very short ; anthers opening by terminal
bores. Ovary deeply 5-6-lobed, lobes 1-celled ; styles connate, stigma
Simple ; ovules solitary in each cell, erect. Drupes 5 or fewer, seated on a
toad disk, 1-seeded. ` Seed erect, exalbuminous.—Distris. Chiefly tropical

South American ; a few are Asiatic and African ; species about 80.

l. G. angustifolia, Vahl Symb. ii. 49; leaves coriaceous narrowly
ovate acute serrulate sessile, flowers in compound rather dense terminal
mcemes, drupes ovoid. DU. Prodr. i. 736; W. d A. Prodr. 152; Grah.
Cat. Bomb, Pi, 38 ; Thwaites Enum, 71; Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ,
Bot. vi. 3, G. zeylanica, DC. Lc. ; Wall. Cat. 2802. G. malabarica, DC. Lc.
Ochna zeylanica, Lam, Walkera serrata, Willd., DC. Prodr. i. 737. Meesia
t Tata, Garth, Pruci, i. t. 70.—Burm. Fl, Zeyl. t. 56; Rheede Hort. Mal. v.

48 and 52 (monstrous),

8 Southern provinces of the Wesrern PENrSSULA, from the South Concan to Travancor ;
- "RÉAPORE, Walker; common in CEvrox.—Disrkm Philippines. ` . .

A small tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves about 5 in. by 1 in., very shining; stipules linear,
deciduous, Flowers about 4 in. across, very numerous, on slender pedicels. Sepals
inb coriaceous, Petals longer than sepals, deciduous. Anthers elongated, about as

ng as petals, nearly sessile. Carpels obovate or reniform; styles 10, larger than
Stamens, Persistent in fruit, stigma quite entire. Drupes about the size of peas,
Smooth, s ining, reticulated.

ue G. sumatrana, Jack in Mal. Misc. No. v. p- 29, and in Hook. Bot.
On 1. 77 ; leaves narrowly ovate serrulate panicle very dime. Ind
af. 2803. G, sumatrensis, Planch, in Hook, le. Pl. t. 712, and Hook. i md. |
te T Bot. vi. 2, Ochna crocea, Griff. Not. iv. 463. Euthemis elegan- *.
ima (), Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 305. E.? pulcherrima,
A - Cat, 2518.
"NCAPORE, Wallich ; Maracca, Maingay.—Disrris. Sumatra, Borneo. .
it ety closely allied to G. angustifolia, there being scarcely any characters by which
can be distinguished, except the much more diffuse character of the panicle.
3. G. H ; J Bot, vi. 3; leaves
n Mookeri, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. . Vi 3; lea
priaceong narrowly ovate entire shortly petioled, flowers in terminal

, drupes ovoid,

» Phillips ; 2A, Maingay. fees .
about i in. METER f Maingay, into the short petiole; stipules deciduous.
umbel $ rather smaller than in G. angustifolia, on long slender pedicels, 10 20 in th
Rot ret? ovate, coriaceous. Styles quite connate ; stigma entire. ome ; q
reticulated. —This species is rather a Brackenridgia (A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl.
Xped, 361) than a Gomphia, if the two genera are to be kept distinct, and Bracken-
H ek rot rather to be considered as a section of Gomphia, _as suggested by Oliver (in

` Te. Plant, xi. t. 1096). Bra idgia is not otherwise a Malayan genus.

526 XXXV. OCHNACEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Zetramerista,

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

“G. UMBELLATA,” Hook. f. ms., from Penang, appears distinct; but the specimens
are not sufficiently perfect for determination.

3. TETRAMERISTA, Miq.

Shrubs or trees. eaves very large, coriaceous, entire. Flowers in axillary
racemes, with large foliaceous bracts, Sepals 4, imbricate, persisten ;
2 outer ones larger. Petals 4, persistent. Stamens 4; filaments dilate dá
the base; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 4-angled, 4-celled ;
style entire. Fruit a globose 4-seeded coriaceous berry.—DISTRIB.
layan Peninsula and Islands. Species 1-2.

1. T. glabra, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 534; var. sagittata ; leaves
sagittate at the base. Ancistrocladus} sagittatus, Wall. Cat. 1055. uk
Sincapore, Wallich; TENASsERIM (or the Andaman Islands), Helfer ; Kedah P
Matacca, Low. br

Leaves obovate, rounded at the apex. Sepals in two series, lanceolate. Peta tie
sembling the sepals, but rather smaller. Filaments filiform above. Style single, s in
— T. glabra is a Sumatran plant, entered as Indian on account of some SPO” and
Herb. Kew., collected by Helfer, either in * Tenasserim or the Andaman Islands, “es
by Wallich at Sincapore, without Howers, but apparently belonging either to this spec
or to an allied one, differing in the sagittate base of the leaves. ;

4. EUTHEMIS, Jack.

Glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, shining, coriaceous, erri)
with ciliate deciduous stipules. lowers rose or white, in terminal zi ni
qpposed racemes, bracteate. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent or deci :

vtals 5, longer than sepals, imbricate. Disk small, conical Sta "hie
inserted at the base of the disk, with alternate staminodes ; anthers p^ as
by terminal pores. Ovary semi-5-celled, elongate, viscid ; style 1, 848
entire ; ovules 1-2 in each cell, pendulous. Fruita berry of 5 pyrenes, s
l-2-seeded. Seeds pendulous with a fleshy albumen.—DisTRIB. Speci
natives of the Malayan Archipelago.

1. E. leucocarpa, Jack in Mal. Misc. No. v. p. 16; leaves large 264.
very gradually narrowed into the petiole very beautifully serrulate on
thickened margin, flowers in rather small terminal branched racers T
snow-white, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 303; Planch. m 100%

. viii. t. 711.

an
Mounts Gerai and Ophir, alt. 3000 ft., in Maracca, Lobb.—DIstRIB. Malay

acute

Archipelago. : rved
An erect shrub, 4-5 ft. Leaves narrowly elliptic, 4 in. by 14 in., with fine, MP
nearly parallel veins running from the midrib to the thickened margin; sup

on
minate, ciliate, deciduous. Sepals ovate, thick, ciliate-serrate. Petals two peri *
as the sepals, reflexed. Filaments very short. Ovary elongate, acute ; sty?

Berry crowned by the persistent style, 5-seeded.

ceo-
2. E. minor, Jack in Mal. Misc. No. v. p. 18; leaves. narrowly rer
late, obtuse, mucronate obscurely serrulate, racemes simple,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii, 304,

SiNcAPoRE and Penane.—Distrie. Malayan Archipelago. ° ý arrowed,
. A small shrub. Leaves much smaller than in Æ. leucocarpa, coriaceous, m yate-
into the pe

na tiole, obscurely veined ; stipules linear, ciliate, deciduous.
ciliate.

ilaments short. Ovary ovate, acute. Berry 5-seeded.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. l a distinc!
E.? ELEGANTISSIMA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 306, is probably `

Buthemis.| ^ xxxv. ocHNACEZX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 527

plant, but is only im erfectly known. Planchon (Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 64) sug-

that it may be Gomphia sumatrana, with which, however, the description of the

ves does not appear to agree. Wallich describes it as having elliptic-lanceolate

leaves tapering at both ends, finely acuminate, sharply and minutely serrulate, the

nerves reticulating and uniting in two or more submarginal arches.—Native of Sinca-
pore and the contiguous islands.

Order XXXVI. BURSERACEZE. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.S.)

š Balsamiferous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (very rarely opposite),
imparipinnate or trifoliolate (very rarely unifoliolate) stipulate or ex-
stipulate. Znflorescence racemose or paniculate. Flowers regular, small,
hermaphrodite or often polygamous. Calyx free, 3-6-lobed, imbricate or
vate, often minute. Petals 3-6, distinct, rarely connate, imbricate or
Valvate, Disk annular or cupular, usually conspicuous, free or adnate to the
of the calyx. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inserted at
the base or margin of the disk, equal or unequal ; filaments free, rarely
connate at the base, smooth, ; anthers dorsifixed rarely adnate, 2-locular,
d ng. longitudinally. Ovary free, rarely 1- more often 2-5-celled ;
d" simple, stigma undivided or 2-5-lobed ; ovules 2 or rarely 1 in each
» Anatropous, axile, usually pendulous rarely. ascending, micropyle
Superior, raphe ventral Frut drupaceous, indehiscent, containing 2-5
Dyrenes, rare]y pseudo-capsular and dehiscent. Seeds solitary, pendulous,
i membranous, albumen 0 ; cotyledons usually membranous, contortu-
Pilcate, rarely fleshy and planoconvex, radicle superior.—DisTRIE. Tropical
Teglons of both hemispheres; genera 16-18 ; species about 160.

.

Ps valvately dehiscent, pyrenes separating.

Pe trigonous . . . 2. s. + =< 1. BOSWELLIA.
pete broadly 3-winged. . . . . . . . . + + + 2. TRiomma.
Siame i cent, pyrenes not separating.
lyx 5-fid, urceolate. Disk clothing tube of calyx . . 3. Garuaa.
alyx 4-toothed, urceolate. Disk cupular. Flowers few,
ascicnlate . . . . , , , +, , + + + + 4. BALSAMODENDRON.
alyx 4-6-toothed, small. Disk clothing base of calyx.
C tamens 8-10. Inflorescence paniculate. . . . . 5. Prorom.
alyx 4-6-lobed, imbricate. Disk annular. Stamens
8-10 6. BunsERA.

Calyx usually 3-fid, valvate. Drupe ellipsoid, usually
Ca igonous ; style terminal . .

2o... + + + 7, CANARIUM,
yx 3-fid, valvate. Drupe usually gibbous; style

C pteral 2. ... . . . . . . 8. SANTIRIA.
` e, “HFX 3-partit ; . lobose . 9. TRIGONOCHLAMYS.
Stamens 5) . b large, valyate . Drupe E° e. . 10. FiLiciux.

1 BOSWELLIA, Roxb.

aka samiferous trees, bark frequently papyraceous, Leaves alternate, exsti-
Kate lmparipinnate, deciduous, with opposite sessile usually serrate
panic] lowers small, white, hermaphrodite, in axillary racemes or
at the “. Calyx small, 5-toothed, persistent. Petals 5, distinct, narrowed
inse H „imbricate. Disk annular, crenate. Stamens 10, 5 long 5 short,
Hone at the base of the disk. Ovary sessile, 3-celled ; style short, stigma
1 EN. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous. Drupe trigonous, containing 3
Dwie pyrenes which finally separate. Seeds compressed, pendulous, —
dia and Tropical Africa ; species about 6. |

528 XXXVI. BURSERACER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) | Boswellia.

1. B. serrata, Roxb. ex Colebr, in Asiat. Res. ix. 379, t. 5; leaflets
sessile pubescent coarsely crenate-serrate, racemes axillary shorter than the
leaves. Stackhouse, Extracts, p. xix ; Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 363, t.
v. fig. 1; Wall. Cat. 8486. B. thurifera, Roxb. ex Fleming in Asiat. Res. xi.
158; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32: Fl. Ind. ii. 383; W. & A. Prodr. 174; Grah.
Cat. Bomb. Pl. 42; Birdwood in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii. 146; Brandis
For. Flor. 61. Libanus thurifera, Colebr. in Asiat. Res. ix. 382. Libanotus
asiaticus, Stackhouse, De Liban. 13, t. iii. fig. 6.

Forests of the base of the WESTERN HiwALAYA, as far west as the Sutlej; Central
India, from Benar to Ra3PATANA, and southward into the Deccan, and to the Circars
and the Concan.

Leaves of a large number of opposite or nearly opposite lanceolate or ovate acute or
obtuse inequilateral leatlets, very variable in size, shape, and degree of pubescens
Calyz-segments. deltoid. Drupe } in. long, trigonous, splitting into three valves, su
tended by the woody disk.

Van. glabra ; leaflets nearly or quite glabrous, often nearly entire, B. glabra, Roxb.
Hort. Beng. 90; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 207; Fl. Ind. ii. 384; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 4
' DO. Prodr. ii. 76; W. & A. Prodr. 174; Bedd. Fl.Sylv. t. 124. Chloroxylon Da
pada, Buch. Journ. Mys. i. 184.—Scarcely a species, running by insensible gradi
into the typical form.—N. W. India; Siwalik hills, near Khizeraband, Edgeworth;
Padshapoor (near Belgaum), Ritchie.

2 PRIOMMA, Hook. f.

A tree; branchlets robust, pubescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, im-
paripinnate, with opposite petiolulate leaflets. Flowers very sma 6
terminal panicles, pol gamous(). Calyx 5-fid. Petals 5, small, valvate (
Stamens 10 (1) inserted at the base of the 5-lobed disk. Ovary trigonous
3-celled ; style short ; ovules 2 in each cell. ruit 3-winged, 3-valved, »
much as 2-2} inches long, containing 3 hard woody separable pyrenes.
DisrgiB. A solitary species,

1, T. malaccensis, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 171; leaflets
oblique ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire, drupe ovate-caudate acutely dn
pidate. Arytera? macrocarpa Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 199. Gane
to T. Anderson in Herb, Kew.).

Maracoa, Griffith, Maingay.

3. GARUGA, Roxb. :
Trees ; branchlets pubescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, imparipinme

on the tube of the calyx, induplicate-valvate. Stamens 10, equal,
in the tube of the calyx at the margin of the disk, filaments hairy w ;
base Ovary sessile, 4-5-celled ; style erect, stigma capitate s ded

pyrenes.—Disrris. Tropical Asia, America, and Australia ; species 8-10.

1. G. pinnata, Roxb. Cor. Pl, iii. t. 208 ; leaflets ovate obtusely hel
minate oblique crenate, flowers 1 in. long pubescent. Roxb. Fl. ET
400; Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pl. 43; DC. Prodr. ü. 81; W. & A. Prodr.
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 118; Brandis For. Flor. 62 ; Wall. Cat. 8485 ; 1 G.
gascariensis, DC. l.c.— Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 33. ards to the

Throughout IxprA, and from the Jumna eastwards to Birma, and southw Disrni5-
Nironuus and | "'ENAssERIM ; ascending to 3000 ft. in the Himalaya 77
Malayan Archipelago, Philippines,

`

Ganga] — xxxvi. BURSERACER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 529

A tree 30-40 ft. Leaves 1 ft. or more, pubescent when young, afterwards glabrous.
Fanicle very large, compound, pubescent. Calyz-teeth ovate, pubescent. Petals linear,
inserted between the calyx-teeth. Dish completely clothing the tube of calyx. Stamens
abont as long as the petals. Ovary ovoid, narrowing into the hairy style; stigma
capitate, 5-lobed. — Drupe black, * size of a gooseberry.”

4. BALSAMODENDRON, Kunth.
Balsamiferous often spiny trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, 1-5-foliolate

œ imparipinnate ; leaflets sessile, oblique, crenate or serrate. Flowers

sma polygamous, fasciculate, on short petioles or sessile. Calyx tubular,

othed, persistent. Petals 3-4, valvate. Disk erect, cupular. Stamens

6-8, usually 4 long and 4 short, inserted on the margin of thedisk. Ovary

Sessile, 4-celled, surrounded by the disk ; style short, stigma obtuse 4-lobed ;
OVules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid, containing a 1-3-celled and -seede

he or 1-3 stones.— DISTRIB. India, Arabia, Tropical and Southern Africa ;

Species 6-10, (See Berg. in Bot. Zeit. 1862. 153, 161.)

b l. B. Mukul, Hook. ex Stocks in. Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. i. 259, t. 8 ;
Tanches generally ending in a sharp spine, leaves 1—3-foliolate, leaflets
Smooth and shining obovate nearly sessile toothed at the end. Bowss, Fl
nt. 1.3; Brandis For. Flor. 64. B. Roxburghii, Stocks in Bomb. Trans.
w. (excl. syn.); Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl, 19 (not of Arn.) (0 B.
ihti, Arn, in Ann, Nat, Hist. iii, 86; Wight Ill. i. 185.
Sixpx, Stocks; Raspoorana, Bednore, Brandis; Kuanpeisn and Berar, Dalz. d:
Gibs. ; ? Mysore, Bellary, Wight. —Disrrim. Beluchistan, Arabia? —— .
s e tree 4-6 ft. Branches slightly ascending. Flowers nearly sessile, a few in each
ju

nS, Calyx forming a cylindrical cup, glandular-hairy. Petals 4-5, ligulate, brownish

with hi) under B. Mukul, from which it appears to be indistinguishable, though
ou ?

Senous on arid rocky hills throughout Rajputaua and a great part of the Dekkan” (l.c.
p. 63).—Guga], .

Roxburghii, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny,
leaves 3-foliolate, terminal leaflet very finely serrulate, lateral leaflets very
Call. Wight IU, L. 185. Amyris Commiphora, Row. Fl. Ind. ii. 244 ; Wall.

ks 8. n. A. Agallocha, Roxb. Hort. Beng. hi
ty AN BENGAL; Silhet and Assam, Roxburgh, &e. .
«J Similar to B, Mukul and possibly identical, but only imperfectly known ; the
W lie appear to be larger and of a thinner texture. I have only seen SP ottler H 9
ata it and Rottler’s from the Mission Garden of Madras, to which Rottler has
ed the name Amyris serratifolia, nob.

3 B : ; Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ;
; Pubescens, Stocks in Bomb, Trans. 1847 ; Hook. a
Bat 9; branches not spiny, leaves petioled, 3-5-foliolate, leaflets entire.
e rent. ii. 2; Brandis For. Flor. ca
Y parts of S hg — . Beluchistan. .
that Small tree with pube cap eat branches Leaves on slender petioles longer
the bla °, soft and downy when young, lateral leaflets nearly orbicular, terminal
Stones, eate, petiolulate, Flowers sessile. Stamens equal. Drupe red, wi

tings Berryi, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 86; branches spiny, leaves 3-

vorte Detioled glabrous entire, calyx 3-4-cleft, petals 3-4, samona 6-8,

530 XXXVI. BURSERACEG. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Balsamodendron.

the alternate ones smaller. Wight TH. i. 185; Bedd. H Syl. pir.
Brandis For. Flor. 65. Protium gileadense, W. & A. Pr A us Eye
synon.; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 43, (not B. gileadense DC.). Amy

densis, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 246, E

Western PENINSULA ; in dry forests East of the Nilghiris and Sivagherry Hiis

i dging throughout S. India). . :
renhas patent, the lateral ones ending in very abrupt spines. Leaver lie
fascicled ; leaflets obovate, sessile, the terminal one twice as large as the j

: ]
Flowers nearly sessile, solitary or fascicled. Disk small, 6—8-lobed. Drupe oblong,
apiculate.

5. PROTIUM, W. & A.

. . -foliolate or impari-

Small balsamiferous spiny trees. Leaves alternate, 3-folio :cels in
pinnate, with entire or toothed leaflets. Flowers small, on long pedies
much branched cymes, Calyx small, cupular, 4—6-fid or ! r^ : calyx-cu
4-6, linear-oblong, valvate. Disk clothing the bottom of, f the disk.
with free margin. Stamens 8-12, inserted iu the marg be d : ovules
unequal. Ovary 2-4-celled, sessile ; style short, stigma 3-6- Seeds oblong ;
3ineach cell. Drupe fleshy, globose, containing 1-4 pyrenes. Species 3-4.
radicle superior.—Distris. India, Java, subtropical Africa. SI

: ets

1. P. caudatum, W.¢ A. Prodr. 176; leaves 3-7-foliolate, leo
glabrous more or less abruptly acuminate, cyme brane m L 195;
dichotomously greatly exceeding the leaves, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 125;
Cat. 8494, 8495.

Western Peninsuta; Cryton, at Jaffoa. . . tiolule

Leaves long-petioled with short lateral leaflets, the terminal one with a long ste "T
ovate, entire. Cymes bracteate at the branches, the bracteoles benea long $$ 2
minute. Flowers polygamous, small. Calyz-lobes deltoid, acute, fa ea, nearly gle
Petals about twice as long as ealyx-lobes. Drupe about the size of a pea,
bular, subtended by the persistent calyx. . ding in

Var. Rowburghana, W. & A. l.c. (species) ; leaflets not acuminate, but ending

ss = at. 8496—
short abrupt point. Amyris acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 246; Wall. C
Pulney Mts., Wight.

acu-
3. P. pubescens, W. £ A. Prodr. 176 ; leaflets pubescent obtuse no
minate, cyme (panicle?) rather dense branched many time
dichotomously. Wall. Cat. 8497.
Western PENINSULA, Wight. . in the upper
Leaflets about 7, ovate or Sbovate, entire, very shortly petiolulate. Brows in” Caly
part of the inflorescence exceeding flowers. Flowers rather shortly MER P. caudatum
segments lanceolate, twice as long as broad. Drupe rather larger than In 4-

6. BURSERA, Linn.

foliolate.

Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, or rarely Vio ‘aly
Panicles short, branched. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamot at lengt
small, 4-6-partite or -toothed, imbricate. Petals 4-6, short, par 8-12 nearly
reflexed, usually valvate. Disk annular, crenate. ee oF subglo
equal, inserted at the base of the disk. Ovary free, ovoi i, cell.
3-5-celled ; style very short, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in eac ecjes, M
globose or ovoid, with 3-5 pyrenes— DisrRIB. About 40 sp
natives of Tropical America,

š ets nar
1, B. serrata, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 361, t. 4 ; d greatly
rowed below acuminate, drupe globose. 1-3-celled, the p

Bursera.] XXXVI. BURSERACER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 531

thickened and elongated. Brand. For. Flor. 61. Teica indica, W., & A.
Prodr, 1775 Wall. Cat. 8492. Limonia pentagyna, Roxb. Fl Ind. ii. 382,
& Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 70.
Easrern Beneat; Garrow hills and Rajmahal hills, Assam; and Currracone. The
IRCARS, Roxburgh,
eaflets about 7 or more, opposite, petiolulate, ovate, pubescent or. nearly glabrous,
. Serrulate or quite entire. Panicles axillary, lax, much branched, shorter than the leaves,
teate. Flowers very small, hermaphrodite, pubescent externally. Calyx obtusely
Stoothed, Petals, 5, recurved. Stamens 10, shorter than the petals.

7. CANARIUM, Linn.

Balsamiferous trees. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, stipulate or exsti-
Pulate. Flowers bracteate, in terminal or axillary panicles, hermaphrodite
or polygamous, Calyx cupuliform or campanulate, 3-lobed or -fid (5-lobed
1} Scutinanthe), valvate. Petals 3-5, imbricate below, or valvate, usually
exceeding calyx. Stamens 6 (10,in Š Scutinanthe) distinct, inserted on
Margin or outside of disk, or filaments confluent below and distinct from
K. Ovary 2-3-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell; style various, or stigma
subsessile, capitate, Drupe usually ellipsoidal, more or less distinctly tri-
gous, with a 1-3-celle 1-3-seeded stone ; cotyledons often partite, con-
tortuplicate.—DISTRIB, ropical Asia and Malayan Archipelago. Species.

ly about 30.
Ra. ay be inferred from the sectional characters it is not improbable that two or
of the generic types are included here. under Canarium, but the final settlement
asp cannot be undertaken without the examination of a full series of. Archipelago

Becr, T. Flowers 5-merous (SCUTINANTHE, Thw.)..

et c. brunneum, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 127; extremities shortly red-
mentose, leaves exstipulate, leaflets 5-11 oblong or ovate-oblong acu-.
paate entire glabrescent or midrib beneath puberulous, panicles axillary
ranching from base red-tomentose, pedicels not exceeding 5-fid calyx,
s scarcely exceeding calyx, stamens 10 confluent in a disk adnate
soj ralyx-tube (in Š fl), ovary hirsute 2-celled, fruit drupaceous ellip-
aut shortly pointed. ^ Scutinanthe brunnea, Thwaites in Kew Journ. Bot.
"apa t. 8B; Enum. 79. "
N; in the central Province, alt. 2-3000 ft., Thwaites. — . .
Pania, € 90-60 ft. Leaves 10-20 in.; leaflets 4-8 by 2-24 in.; petiolule 4-3 in.
Cl... Much shorter than leaves; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Flowers polygamous.
Lit; “upuliform, lobes 5 ovate-deltoid. Petals tomentose outside, subvalvate. Drupe
vith 7- long, apiculate and thinly red-tomentose when dry, 1-celled (in our specimen),
tt thin bony stone, (Cotyledous entire foliaceous plicate. Thwaites.) — Nearly

Lis speci i in. | are specimens from Malacca ( Main-
928), without nd but with drupes 13 in. long, n

Stor, II.

Flowers normally 3-merous.
A

heathed a confluent in short disk around: ovary or its rudiment. Buds
deciduous bracts. Stone thick bony.—Canarium proper.

t Leaflets entire

ips, 99 ; iti berulous or glabrate

sti nmune, Linn. ; extremities tawny. puberu glabrate,

toon? elliptic or rotundate auricled often early deciduous, leatlets 7-9 ovate

often pap elliptica] acuminate glabrous, lateral nerves about 10-15 pairs.

er and subprominent beneath, panicles terminal puberulous with
MM2 `

532 XXXVI, BURSERACES. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canarium:
spreading successively shorter lateral branches, buds enclosed in ovate or
rotundate tomentose bracts, petals 3 imbricate below, stamens (in d i)
inserted around hairy rudiment of ovary (drupe ellipsoidal subtrigonous
with a bony 1-3-celled stone. Blume). Koenig. Ann. Bot. i. 360, t. 7, t. 2;
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 137; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 214; Bijd. 1161; DC. Prodr.

ii 79; W. d: A. Prodr. 175; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bot. vol. i. pt. 2, 643; Wall.

Cat. 8493. Sapindus travancorensis, Wall. Cat. 8047.
Penane, Phillips, Jack. 2
Leaves of flowering branches 2-14 ft. more or less; upper leaflets 4—6 by 11-2) in. ;
petiolules 4-1 in. Flowers variable in size, 9 4 to over 4 in. in length. Calyx campa-
nulate, broadly 3-lobed. Petals tomentose above. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above.
Cotyledons tripartite, contorted (Blwme).—A Malayan and Archipelago plant culti-
vated in India.

3. C. zeylanicum, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 218; extremities tawny-puberu-

lous, stipules deciduous, leaflets 5-9 more or less broadly elliptical shortly .

acuminate entire, when pressed flat the margins (of young leaves) infold
beneath glabrous, panicles terminal, of g fl. lateral branches successively
shorter, buds globose or ovoid at first enveloped in rotundate deciduous
tawny-tomentose bracts, calyx trifid, petals imbricate, stamens of $ fl. in-
serted in disk around glabrous rudiment of ovary. Amyris zeylanica, Re:
Obs. iv. 25, Balsamodendrum ? zeylanicum, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. L
li. 349 (adnot.) ; DC. Prodr. ii. 76 ; Thwaites Enum. 79. C. balsamiferuml,
Moon Cat. 68.

CEYLoN, in warm moist districts, ascending to 1500 ft., Thwaites, &c. — im
Leaves of flowering shoots 1 ft. more or less; stipules moderately large inserte d
the rachis at some little distance from the base, obliquely rotundate-sagittate, sho 4

stipitate, early deciduous ( Thwaites); leaflets 4-6 by 14-24 in., petiolule 4-4 in.
male flower } in. long. Ovary glabrous, incrassate above as in C. commune. Tied
ellipsoidal, smooth, obscurely 3-gonous, with very thick bony stone.— Very nearly à 1
to C. commune, and now that Thwaites finds rotundate-sagittate early caducous s

pules, there remains little besides the shorter petiolules of the leaflets to separate It
that species.

4, C. secundum, A. W. Benn.; tawny-pubescent, stipules 0 oF i
deciduous, leaflets 7-9 oblong shortly acuminate entire or faintly vel
ticulate glabrous above except midrib, shortly pubescent, with lateral ui
in 10-15 pairs prominent, with conspicuous transverse venation prom ut
panicles terminal rusty-tomentose, buds subsessile in bracteate sess} he
pedunculate glomerules, calyx broadly 3-lobed, petals imbricate, perce
confluent with short disk around ovoid-subulate glabrous rudiment of OF P
fruit trigonous ellipsoidal, with thick bony stone.—Canarium, :
9046 (as to Sincapore specimens)

SiscaronE, Wallich; Manacca, Grifith, Maingay.

eaves 1 ft. more or less on flowering beaches (outlets varying from ovate- i re
late-oblong, upper 3-6 by 14-24 in., petiolule 4 to nearly 4 in. Panicles shorter tundate
as long as leaves, with successively shorter branches ; bracts ovate-oblong and ro as, bu
enclosing the buds, ^ Drupe 13-2 in., glabrous.—Nearly allied to C. purpurasce™
I cannot find stipules in any of the numerous specimens.

t-
5. © purpurascens, A. W. Benn.; extremities shortly pohong 0
tomentose with rotundate-cordate stipules, leaflets 7-9 ovale ye p
ovate-elliptical acuminate glabrous except puberulous midrib + ;
plish-glaucescent with minute scattered pubescence and 10 culation
of prominent lateral nerves with conspicuous transverse er very
beneath, panicles terminal and from upper axils, pedicels (of it

^

Canarium.| XXXVI. BURSERACER. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 533

short or 0 bracteate, calyx broadly 3- imbri
arit with short disk around the abrous Pavo subulite dude of
Todes fair
Enel Gr largor) ni puberulus Seog ac are; be an arale se
rotundate bracts tomentose. Fruit not oo silakan kunshu

6. C. p
an. "idum, A. W. Benn.; extremities obsoletely puberulous
Ente EN es wanting at flowering, leaflets 5-7 oblong to elliptical
hong faint = rous, midrib, prominent beneath but lateral nerves subdis-
w ellipsoid A Pars, metieniation guectus, Beneath, panicles terminal,
: . 1 1 ick bony stone. all, Cat. 8546 i -
gn intermixed of a Connaracea D 940 (esespting Ape
APORE, Wallich; Ma Gri i

L wch; LACCA, Grifith, Maingay.

i du^ fa flowering branches 1 ft. more or less ; leaflets 4-6 by 11-3 in.; petiolule
Owers not seen. Calyx 3-lobed. Drupe 14-2 in., glabrous.

t Leaflets serrulate.

7.
o rufum, A. W. Benn. ; extremities stout closely rusty-tomen-
ortly acm s feet (? exstipulate) rachis tomentose, leaflets 6-11 oblong
above except nate base rounded denticulate-serrate coriaceous, glabrous
5-90 Daire 8 ortly tomentose midrib, closely tawny tomentose with
wers con o prominent lateral nerves and distinct reticulation beneath,
icles al gested in sessile or shortly pedunculate bracteate inch-broad
: ong the branches of panicle, calyx thick trifid, petals coriaceous
fluent mii calyx narrowly-imbricate, stamens 6, filaments apparently con-
sd ase, fruit ellipsoidal trigonous with a thick bony stone.
tef pay: Maingay, Griffith.
Petiolule in uum size. Leaflets very coriaceous, upper larger varying to 6-8 by 2-23 in.,
tomentose . di reticulation very prominent beneath. Panicles terminal, closely rusty-
ovate, obtuse u F enclosed in rotundate concave tomentose bracts. Calyx-lobes broadly
g. (Cot ie etals tomentose outside except narrow covered margins. Fruit 2 fn.
yledons 3-partite. Griffith.)

**

Stamens "PT ° . .
Lea ns monadelphous, distinct from disk. Buds cylindrical or clavate.
iflets entire or serrulata.— Pimela, Lour.

8.
"palos Srandiflorum, A. W. Benn.; extremities tawny-pubescent,
Ovate-lanoe, slate from near the base of the glabrous rachis, leaflets 7-9
hairs and eolate to elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous or with few scattered
hairy br Saale pairs prominent lateral nerves beneath, pedicels shorter than
confluent in 3-lobed calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments
igono In a tubiform sheath, ovary densely setose, style long, fruit sub-

ns "5, stone thick bony.
Loos oh Maingay.

F a §-1 ft. or longer; leaflets 3-44 by 1-13 in.; petiolule } in. more or less.
ermaphrodite, 4 in. long, in compound tawny tomentose racemes collected
below. Fruit 14 in, oblong-

na termi
Clings Ral panicle. 1 .
llipsoida], obtuse. e ‘laments glabrous, confluent

9, i
late C. pilosum, 4, W. Benn. ; extremities thinly hirsute, stipules subu-
tical shor? leaflets usually 5 obovate- to oblong-elliptical or broadly ellip-
‘glabrous Y acuminate more or less undulate-dentate above or subentire
tion ben and reticulate, thinly hirsute chiefly on the prominent reticula-
eath, lateral nerves 9-13 pairs, pedicels shorter than shallow 3-lobed

534 XXXVI. BURSERACEE. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Canarium.

calyx, petals narrowly imbricate, stamens 6, filaments confluent 3-7 their
length.

Matacca, Maingay. .

Leaves $-1 ft., leaflets 3-6 by 11-23 in., petiolule } in. Racemes interrupted, €
pubescent or glabrate, from the uppermost axils, overtopped by the leaves; pedice
tomentose, not exceeding the cupuliform obscurely-lobed calyx. Pétals toman
Filaments glabrous. Rudiment of ovary setose. Fruit not seen:— Wall. Cat. 8100,
from Sincapore, leaves only, may belong here.

10. C. hirtellum, 4. W. Benn.; extremities tawny-tomentose, leaves
stipulate, leaflets 7-9 oblong-elliptical shortly and rather acutely acumr
nate denticulate toward apex, reticulate at length glabrous -above ed
pubescent midrib, shortly hirsute-pubescent and strongly reticulate benea
flowers tomentose fascicled in interrupted racemes from the DAT <p
calyx 3-lobed, petals narrowly imbricate, filaments 6 confluent half t a
length, rudiment of ovary setose, fruit trigonous. Wall. Cat. 8102 n
9047. !

PENANG, Wallich. . : linear-

Leaves 1 ft. or more in length, rachis pubescent-tomentose, with a pair of ne Š
subulate 4-in. stipules near the base; leaflets varying from ovate- through ob one
obovate-elliptical, upper 34-6 by 14-24 in.; petiolules 3 in. Pedicels scarcely iyi
calyx. Flowers 4-4 in. long. Fruit 1 in. glabrous, oblong-ellipsoidal, pia ai
stone hard, bony.—Nearly allied to C. pilosum, “differing in indumentum, pu
midrib above, the more triangular teeth of calyx, &c.

11. C. strictum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 49; Fl. Id. iii. 138; extremitio
at first densely :rusty-tomentose, leatlets 7-9 (-16) ovate-oblong or b tire
_ from ovate to ovate-lanceolate acuminate denticulate-serrate or su 10-15
glabrescent above more or less elosely pubescent-tomentose with di
pairs of prominent lateral nerves beneath, panicles tomentose fro
upper axils interruptedly racemose, pedicels of g fl. shorter than ^
calyx, petals twice as long distinctly imbricate, filaments confiuem,
eir ength. W. & A. Prodr. 175; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 52; Bead.
iv. 1. 198.

A * i
WESTERN PrNiwsULA, Concan, Bababuden Hills, Anamallays, &c., Dalzell, P

e, &c. i

Tall straight tree. Leaves 1-14 ft. long more or less on flowering branches, He 2
to 4 ft., stipules obsolete (stipulate, Roxburgh, who had seen only barren prd than
lets from 3-6 (-12) by 13-24 (5-) in. broad ; petiolule 3-4 in. _Panicles sO" Jess
leaves, upper lateral branches short or flowers (of d) in sessile fascicles A Calyz
crowded on stout longer pedicels marked with scar of small caducous brae se above.
tomentose, campanulate, shortly and broadly 3-lobed. Petals thinly tomentosa, 9 in,
Ovary glabrate, equalling the stout style, rudiment in d fl.setose. Drupe
ellipsoidal-or ovoid, tapering, with a thick bony stone. :

_ 12. C. bengalense, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 49 ; Fl. Ind. Hi. 136 ; gens
ties rusty-pubescent glabrate with subulate stipules, leaflets yu uppe
oblong or lanceolate acuminate glabrous, panicles racemiform s hirst
axils, petals 3 imbricate, filaments confluent half their length, dis
within the stamens, drupe ellipsoidal smooth.

SinnzT and adjoinin districts, Roxburgh.

Leaves 1-2 ft., leaflets subopposite, 3-6 by 1-2 in. Panicles shorter scr obovate-
the leaves (supra-axillary), buds cylindrical. Calyx cupuliform, 3-fid. i
oblong. Drupe size of large olive, 1-3-celled, dark-purple pruinose,
thick, bony. Cotyledons contortuplicate.—1 have seen no specimen.
"tion is from Roxburgh, ko., and from his drawing, No. 2311.

Canarium.| XXXVI. BURSERACEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 535

13. €. euphyllum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 295 ; leaves
2-Mft. glabrous, leaflets 9-10 subopposite ovate- or oblong-elliptical apicu-
late obtusely glandular-serrulate, base rounded or subcordate, lateral nerves
14-16 pairs rather prominent beneath, peduncle elongate naked below,
flowers thinly tomentose, calyx obtusely 3-lobed glabrate, petals narrowly
imbricate, filaments 6 confluent half theirlength enclosing a short fleshy
obed disk surrounding the ovary-rudiment.

South ANDAMAN Istanps, Kurz.

Upper leaflets 9-10 in. ; petiolule 1 in.; stipules 0? Panicle 11 ft. long; branches

brous, naked below.. Calyx campanulate, broadly 3-lobed. Petals oblanceolate.

t unknown.— Description in part from Kurz, l.c.

cR Stamens inserted below margin of fleshy disk. Pedicels slender. En-
rp thin,

14, €. laxum, 4. W. Benn. ; extremities leaf-rachis and inflorescence
hirsute more or less with tawny or rust-coloured spreading at length de-
fiduous setae, leaves 1-21 ft. (exstipulate ?), leaflets 7-9 oblong or oblan-
ceolate-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous with 11-17 pairs
Prominent looping lateral nerves beneath, panicles elongate flexuose with
alternate lateral branches, pedicels slender articulated equalling or exceeding

* flower, calyx trifid, petals very narrowly imbricate glabrous, drupe

psoldal with thin bony 1-celled stone.
ALACCA, Main ay. .
flets 1-3 ft. in. ually larger, lower third of rachis terete naked,
wal loss a be ea upper the base, Panicle elongate, 1-2 ft., with sparse
» setze, ultimate divisions often red- or rusty-tomentose. Calyx trifid, lobes obtuse
angular, Petals ovate, obtuse. (Stamens 6, inserted below the margin of thin fleshy

Po Maingay.) Fruit about 14 by lin. ellipsoidal, 1-celled by abortion (rose-

Coloured ; cotyledons digitate, Maingay).

UP Stamens inserted outside margin of disk. Buds small, globose. En-
docarp thin. |

15. €. rubi nosum, A. W. Benn.; leaves exstipulate?, leaflets 5-7
oblong-ellipticat shortly "and obtusely acuminate glabrous above thinly
Pubescent at length glabrate beneath with 10-13 pairs prominent pis;
nerves ineurved and nearly looping at the margin, £ buds globose, calyx

ire, Stamens 6, fruit ellipsoidal thinly drupaceous, stone crustaceous
1-seeded. nt ;
Maracoa, Mainga,

xtremities tawa Y hirsute-tomentose glabrescent. Leaves 4-1 ft.; leaflets 4-6 by
~24 in. ; petiolule 4-4 in. Paniele terminal; of fl. pyramidal, with sparse diy 5
gent branches simple below; pedicel equalling and dilated into short ca P : ah
1 ltoid, valvate, externally tawny-tomentose. Fruit 1 by 4 in. (bright ye ow; co y "
ons bright green, cleft on either side to the base into 5 linear segments, contortupli-

ate; radicle long, ascending, Maingay). i
16. €. Rado S, ities early glabrous (leaves
n oe ndon, A. W. Benn.; extremi I
“stipulate 1), leaflets g^ elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate entire
Peti aS Or nearly so with 6-9 pairs subprominent incurved lateral erves,
ietiolules slender, flowers hermaphrodite, calyx broadly 3- (4- ,
; ens 6, stigma in bud subsessile.
Mai
Leaves 4 ft M LA labrous, lower j-j naked; leaflets 24-4 by
PUT Sain or PET Aa canto y tata

536 XXXVI. BURSERACEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) |Canarium.

?. en
pedicels not exceeding the flower. Petals valvate. Ovary glabrous. Fruit u
nown.

. "eoidál
¥EEX Stamens inserted around and upon ovary-rudiment. Buds ellipsoida
17. C. parvifolium, A. JV. Benn.; wholly glabrous or neatly i
leaflets 7 oblong lanceolate or elliptic acuminate, midrib prominens pedicels
lateral nerves faint, panicle terminal, buds elli soidal su oseas oon Poo
not exceeding cupuliform subentire calyx, petals imbricate, stam
around and upon the ovoid-subulate ovary-rudiment.
Mauacca, Maingay. :n.- petiolule
Leaves of flowering branches 4 ft. more or less ; leaflets 2-34 rad Mad isq
i-à in. Buds on expansion 3-3 in. long, pubescent or glabrous. Prw

18, C. coccineo-bracteatum, Kurz Journ. As. Soc. Deng. (en Uy
296 ; extremities softly pubescent, leaves glabrous 1-2 ft, M lp otiolulate
divided segments rigid coarsely toothed, leaflets 7-9 sho J Lous wit
oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate entire or setose-serrulate g tb, panicles
about 10 pairs of lateral nerves and loose reticulation beneath,
puberulous with scarlet oblong acute bracts.

South ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Kurz. . .

Leaflets 5-7 in. long. Expanded flowers and fruit undescribed.

8 SANTIRIA, Blume.

Balsamiferous trees, Leaves alternate, stipulate, 3 foliolate or nail ary
nate, firm; leaflets opposite, slightly oblique, entire. f oe alet" brac-
rarely terminal patently branched panicles ; bracts usually $ ‘als 3 Salvate
teoles minute. Calyx cupuliform, 3-lobed or -fid, valvate. 1 n ° adnate.
or subimbricate, much exceeding the calyx. Disk annular, fleshy,

Secr. I. Icicopsis. Anthers adnate.

rfaces

1. S. Planchonii, 4. W. Benn. ; leaflets 11 glabrous on bota candate-
ovate-oblong elliptié or oblong obtusely acuminate or s pied later
acuminate, base obliquely rounded, nervation inconspicuous 8 anicle wit
nerves weak often bifurcating before reaching the margin, s obsolete,
numerous canescent lax slender ascending branches, braces stamens
pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx-segments deltoid acute,
shorter than the petals,

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay. . st palely

Tree ; branchlets with ‘ale-Lrown or ashy-grey somewhat striate bark, yt fattened
pubescent. Leaves of flowering-shoots 8-12 in. ; petiole 2-3 Ma tiolule Fete
above, glabrescent; leaflets 3-44 by 14-1} in., glaucescent beneat a P. very caduco
Panicle 2-6 in., pedicels less than 4, in. #owers with several umet broad striate
bracteoles immediately beneath the glabrescent calyx. Stamens bove and with the
filaments inserted just beneath the margin of the disk, spathulate ‘ida, somewhat late
anther-cells attached on their inner face, Drupe 4 in. long, ellipsoids’, 5°:

Santiria.] — xxxvi. BURSERACEE, (Alfred W. Bennett.) 537

rally compressed on the ventral, gibbous on the dorsal side, purple, covered with pale
im; style very oblique, but nót basilar, as stated by Benth. and Hook. f. in Gen. Pl.
i. 325,

Secr. II. Santiria proper. Anthers dorsifixed.
* Panicle branched from base, or nearly so.
2 S. costata, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7 glabrous above pubescent be-

neath elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base obliquely
acute, midrib prominent above pale, lateral nerves about 9 pairs inconspi-
cious above and very prominent beneath divaricate curving towards the
margin, panicle pyramidal ferruginously pubescent, branches divaricating
subtended by lanceolate obtuse bracts, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx
timately truncate-dentate, stamens about equalling the petals,
Matacca, Maingay. .
Tree; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark; youngest branchlets, petioles and
tiolules ochraceously pubescent. Leaves of flowering shoots 6-8 in., petiole 1 in.
t above ; leaflets 34-6 by 14-24 in., petiolule 4-4 in., transversely rugose, thickened
at both ends, Panicle 3 in. long (occasionally with a peduncle 1-1 in). Flowers in
icles of about 4 on lateral branches of panicle, surrounded by several minute brac-
98; pedicels 4 in. Calyx glabrescent. Stamens with slender filaments inserted
Death the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown.

2 S, apiculata, 4. W. Benn. ; leaves trifoliolate glabrous on both
sides elliptic or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely caudate-acuminate, base
acute, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves weak bifurcating before reach-
wJ the margin, panicle narrowly pyramidal, glabrous branches aseending,
Tacts obsolete, pedicels twice as long as the flowers, calyx-segments
deltoid acute, stamens shorter than petals, style completely basal in fruit.
Matacea, Maingay. . .
fee; branchlets with pale ashy-grey bark. Leaves of flowering-shoots, 6-8 1n.,
petiole 2 in., striate, flat above ; leaflets 24-4 by 13-2 in. broad, petiolule 4-3 in., jointed
je a x. Panicle 4-3 in. long (occasionally with a peduncle 4 in.) pedicels % A
aa 8 minute. Stamens with slender filaments inserted beneath the margin of the
"m about equalling the capitate stigma. Drupe 1 in. long, ovoid, the obtuse protu-
rance bearing the style completely basal, giving the drupe the appearance of an
@atropous ovu e; stone thin, fragile; fruit-pedicel 1 in.

+ S, puberula, 4. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7-9 glabrous above minutely
Pubescent beneath ' elliptic-oblong. shortly acuminate, base obliquely
abon ed, midrib and lateral nerves inconspicuous above, lateral nerves
mi tt 8 pairs prominent below curving towards the margin, panicle pyrr
x da] x few-flowered canescent, scurfy branches patent dividing only

he apex, bracts obsolete, pedicels as long as the flowers, calyx ultimately

ncate-dentate, stamens rather shorter than petals,

ALACCA, Maingay, .
Petiohay ranchlets ith brown striate bark when young, as well » petioles and
Petiol es clothed with minute canescence. Leaves of flowering-s oots . WE
oles 13-9 in., flat above ; leaflets 3-44 by 1}-2 in. petiolule d in., transverse y
^" slightly thickened at the apex. Panicle 24-4 in. long; dicels ai in. long.
— minute. Calyx minutely pubescent. Stamens with slender filaments in

beneath the margin of the disk. Fruit unknown.

. 5.8, conferta, A. W. Benn, ; leaflets 13 firm glabrous and finely

bna le above clothed with minute rusty pubescence beneath more or less
Y lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, base obliquely

538 XXXVI. BURSERACE.. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Santiria.

rounded, lateral nerves about 10 pairs eurved and weak towards mare
anicle pyramidal rather compact ferruginously-pubescent div
ranched, bracts obsolete, pedicels shorter than the flowers, calyx ultimately
truncate-dentate, stamens shorter than petals.
Maracca, Griffith, Maingay. '
Tree; branchi with ale brown irregularly striate bark when young, as well Swe
tioles and petiolules clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves of flowering t ule
.12-18 in. ; petiole 4-5 in., closely striate below, shallowly channelled abore, 4 n.
4-3 in. slightly transversely rugose and thickened at either extremity. Panie d t
pedicels 2ç in. Bracteoles minute, obtuse. Calyx pubescent. Stamens inse

ñ : l
neath the margin of the disk. Drupe as in S. apiculata, but a more reddish purple
when dry.

** Panicle pedunculate. :

6. S. levigata, Blume Mus. Bot. L 911; leaflets 7-15 giro
both surfaces elliptic-lanceolate elliptic or oblong-acuminate, | ore or
or rounded, midrib prominent above, lateral nerves 12-18 airs mq oe
less divaricating, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally dicels as long
duncle and branches minutely puberulous, bracts obsolete, pe te ualling
as the flowers, calyx at length truncate-dentate, stamens abon i Ind.
petals, style nearly basal in fruit, Canarium levigatum, Jw. ^^
Bat. vol. i. pt. 2, 648.
Matacoa, Griffith, Maingay.—Disrgrg. Sumatra. aves
A large tree ; pe slate iate, with decurrent angles from the - x ie in;
and ashy-brown bark with minute white warts. Leaves of flowering 8 vetiolule 34 in.
petiole 2-4 in., striate and channelled above; leaflets 4-7 by 14-2 1n., PS ute. yt
anicle 6-9 in., peduncle 24-4 in., pedicels about ẹyin. Bracteoles ner filaments
minutely hispid, ultimately almost transversely truncate. Stamens E. Drupe sh
dilated at the base, inserted just below the outer margin of the die. sorted at the
globose, lin. diam.—Blume has figured the stamens incorrectly as n
ase of the disk, as is proved by the examination of an authentic specimen.
xce
7. S. multiflora, 4. W. Benn. ; leaflets about 7 glabrous above ii tle
the prominent tomentose midrib ferruginously pubescent re abou
oblong shortly acuminate, base obliquely rounded, latera d peduncle
15-18 pairs, panicle shorter than leaves pyramidally branci cels as long
and branches ochraceously pubescent, bracts caducous, Pe at equalli
as the flowers, calyx at length truncate-dentate, stamens abo
the petals, style subterminal in fruit.
Maracca, Griffith, Maingay. . +
Tree; youn; NAS pedicels and inflorescence ochraceously pubescent 4-6 by
of flowering shoots 6-12 in. ; petiole 2-4 in., striate and flat aboron in. Dr
13-2] in, petiolule 1-4 in. Panicle 4-6 in., peduncle 1-14 in., pedice laucons bloom.
teoles minute. Calyx minutely hispid. Petals covered with oe the outer mar
Stamens with filaments slightly dilated at the base, inserted just be i

when

: ' A indri iculate and pruinose pt
gin of the disk. Drupe 4 in. long, globosely cylindric, reticulat thing exce

dry; stone woody ; fruit-pedicel hia. Song, stout.—This agrees in every with

: atra, 9
the small number of leaflets with ©. tomentosa, Bl., which occurs in Sum
which it may eventually prove identical.

bo
8. S. Maingayi, A. W. Benn. about 10
oblong-lanceolate shortly acuminate, base acute, lateral no mosely cho
curving towards the margin, panicle shorter than the — ous finally
tomously branched, peduncle and branches minutely pd flowers, calyx
glabrescent, bracts obsolete, pedicels rather longer than
teeth deltoid obtuse, stamens shorter than the petals.

; leaflets 7-9 glabrous OD

etri] xxxvi. BURSERACEX. (Alfred W. Bennett.) 539

Matacca, Maingay.

tee; branchlets smooth, striate, pale brown. Leaves of flowering shoots 10-22 in.;
petiole 3-6 in., striate and flat above; leaflets 5-6 by 11-23 in., petiolule 1-3 in.
thickened at the apex. Panicle 10-12 in., peduncle 4 in., pedicels 33, in. Bracteoles
very minute. Calyx and petals minutely puberulous and rather fleshy. Stamens
inserted below the margin of the crenate disk. Fruit unknown.

9. S. fasciculata, A. W. Benn. ; leaflets 7 glabrous on both surfaces
M eae or elliptic-oblong shortly obtusely cordate-acuminate, base acute,
bel b prominent above, lateral nerves about 8 depressed above prominent

low divaricate curving towards the margin, panicle exceeding the leaves
With long slender filiform puberulous branches bearing small distant fasci-

ès of minute flowers, bracts obsolete, calyx-lobes ovate acute, stamens
shorter than the petals,

Matacca, Maingay.

1 we; branchlets smooth with ashy-brown bark. Leaves of flowering shoots about
TES petiole 2 in., with 2 lateral edges, scarcely flattened above, leaflets 4-5 in.,
E 2$ in. broad, petiolule about 1 in. transversely rugose thickened at either end.

Gnicle rather longer than leaves, peduncle 3-4 in. long, pedicels twice as long or
"wed than flowers. Bracteoles obsolete. Flowers about dg in. long. Calyx mi-

ely hispid. „Stamens inserted on the outer margin of the disk. Fru unknown.—

18 appears to agree very closely with the description of S. virgata, Bl., except that

° Laves have the midrib tomentose beneath.

9. TRIGONOCHLAMYS, Hook. f.

a tree with pustulate tomentose-pubescent branches. Leaves alternate,

Paripinnate with opposite petiolulate leaflets. Flowers polygamous. Calyx
Disk » 3-partite, valvate, persistent, Petals 3, valvate, about equalling calyx.
sh annular, „Stamens 6, inserted in the margin of the disk ; filaments very
os Ovary 3-celled, nearly globose; style straight, short, stigma
e: ovules 2 in each cell, axile. Drupe obliquely globose, 1-celled.

ligt? Grifithii, Mook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 170, t. xxvii. ;
n ets about 13-15 elliptic-acuminate rather coriaceous with a very pro-
Dent midrib, panicle axillary, shorter than the leaves, flowers rufous-
llentose with 2 spathulate bracts at base of the pedicel, drupe glabrous
Ut the size of a cherry.
ALACCA, Griffith.

10. FILICIUM, Thwaites.

A lofty tree with angular often scaly branches. Leaves imparipinnate, with
Posite sessile leaflets and broadly-winged rachis. Flowers polygamous.
v "partite, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, small, imbricate. Disk
à, tomentose, Stamens 5, inserted ins de diak, equal ; AA
obed? ree, Ovary globose, 2-celled ; style ent , 8 igma, simple ç
i i , y

keelleq beens, poltary in each cell, pendulous, Drupe M
E. d ; bout 15 narrowl
ipi, Qecipiens, Thwaites Enum. 408; leaflets about 15 narrowly
Mptical quite glabrous sometimes glaucous, wing of rachis spathulate
Blobos each pair of leaflets, drupe about the size of a large pea nearly
glabrous. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. i. t. 129. Pteridophyllum decipiens,

al
5-lo
h

540 | XXXVI. BURSERACEH. (Alfred W. Bennett.) [Filicium.

i i deci-
; i " t. vi. 66, t. i. B. Rhus
Thwaites, l. c. 59, and in Hook, Kew Journ. Dot. Tw"
piens, W. € A. Prodr. 172; Wight Ill. i, 184, t. 75. Burm PP fe j*1
Western PENINSULA ; throughout the Western Ghats ascending “tes ,
dome; CExLox, in the central province, ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites.

Orver XXXVIL MELIACEZE. (By W. P. Hiern, M.A.)

: i rel
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, usually pona ire dii
simple or bipinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, usua Y q mo-dioecious,
more or less oblique at base. Flowers hermaphrodite Fe Po entire or Wit
regular, usually in axillary panicles. Calyx 2 Site rar rely connate i
free sepals, usually imbricated in bud. Petals 3-6, ree © AP] tabe, valvate
the base, sometimes adhering to the lower half of the s omni the base of the
imbricated or contorted. Stamens 4-12, inserted soy waq anthers erect,
hypogynous disk, filaments connate in a tube or rarely led, longitudinally
usually sessile on the tube, included or exserted, 20 te, free or connate
dehiscing. Hypogynous disk tubular annular or obsole "le, stigma disci
with the ovary. Ovary usually free, 2—5-celled ; style ied erpose , raphe
form or capitate ; ovules 2, rarely more, collatera - Or baccate, Se
ventral micropyle superior. Fruit capsular drupaceos n enclosed in al
exalbuminous or sometimes with fleshy albumen, d h spread over bot
aril. —DIsTRIB. About 300 species, mostly tropical, wide MA in the Indian
hemispheres. Miquel enumerates 113 species as occurring
Archipelago. ily cultivated near Cal-
Swietenia Mahagoni, Linn. (Mahogany) has been successfu y, he West Indies an
ie and in Sikkim (Brandis For. Flor. 70); it is a native o c:
- Central Africa. : he style
A In the development of the flower of this Order the staminal-tube and t zs
te in completing their growth. . 8, sup
Heynichia malleoides! KT. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844 Colt: Tapes A. Juss»
to have come from East [ndia, is a species of Moschoxylum, near 4.
and probably came from South America.

ited into 4
TRIBE I. Melieæ. Leaflets often toothed. Stamens n fleshy;
tube. Cells of ovary 1-2-ovuled. Seeds not winged, albu
cotyledons thin, foliaceous, 1. TURRÆA.
Leaves simple. . . . . ., . . . a e. tou
Leaves trifoliolate pinnate or 2—3-pinnate.
Flowers elongated. Style long.
Petioles winged. QOvules collateral . . . . + + °°
Petioles not winged. Ovules superposed. . lar
Disk tubular. Petals cohering half way. Fruit capsular, 3. MusgosNIA:
loculicidally 5-valved Lot i 7 t * i aahecent 4. MELA.
Disk annular. Petalsfree. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscen 5. CipADESSA-
Flowers globose. Style rather short. . . . . + + ° *

9. NAREGAMIA-

: be
; to a tu)
Tribe IL Trichiliew. Leaflets entire. Stamens united *5-ovaled in
(free in one species of Walsura) Cells of ovary 12 ick.
Carapa). Seeds not winged, albumen 0 ; cotyledons t

Flowers and staminal-tube oblong or linear. Style elongated.
Capsule loculicidal. Leaves pinnate.
Flowers oblong. Anthers short. Ovules 2 together, rarely 6. DysoxYtUM,
solita eoe oe t oe ee te ` Q. CBISOCHETO
Flowers linear or oblong. Anthers linear. Ovules SUEY - 8. GANDORICUM-
Berry indehiscent. Leaves trifoliolate ^... . . + + °

I

XXXVII. MELIACEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) 541

Flowers and. staminal-tube globose or turbinate. Style short or
.. Obsolete.
Anthers included in the staminal-tube or nearly so. Ovules 1-2
together. Seeds not angular.

nthers 5, isomerous . . . . 5. 5... 5... LL 9. AGLAIA.
Anthers 6-10; flowers diplostemonous.

Berry indehiscent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Lanygium.

Capsule loculicidal . . . ll. Amoora,

Anthers exserted, or filaments free. Ovules 1-2 together. Seeds
not angular except Beddomea.
Seeds arillate. Ca yx 4-5-fid. Flowers small.
Berry indehiscent; shortly tomentose . . . . . . `, 12. WALSURA.
Capsule loculicidal, glabrous . . , . | . -_ + 18. HEYNEA.
eds exarillate. Calyx 4-5-partite. Flowers of moderate
. 14. Beppomea.

sıze, . . . . . ` . . . . ` ` ` LI ` . .
Ánthers included. Ovules 2-8 together. Seeds angular . . 15. CARAPA.

Tepe III. Swieteniece. Stamens united into a tube. Cells of ovary
with numerous ovules, Seeds not winged. l

Petals obovate, spreading. Staminal-tube cup-shaped. Disk wide.
pA S-celled . 2 2 2 a S... .
tals oblong, erect-patent. Staminal-tube cylindrical. Disk ob-
solete, Ovary 3-celled . + + + + + + t t t M 17. CRICKRASSIA,

16. SoYMIDA.

Tre IV. Cedreleæ. Stamens distinct. Cells of ovary 8-12-ovuled.

Petals oblong, erect. Stamens 4-6, sometimes with alternating
taminodes, Ovary 5-celled. Albumen thin fleshy ; cotyledons
patbfoliaceous . . . eee s so. s. s s. s s 18. CEDRELA,
ttals unguiculate, spreading. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled.

en wanting; cotyledons plano-convex . . « + 109. CHLOROXYLON.

1, TURRÆA, Linn.

ples or shrubs. Leaves simple, quite entire or obtusely lobed.
whit, axillary, with numerous small bracts at base, bearing elongated
ite or yellow flowers. Calyx campanulate, 5-4-fid. Petals 5-4, elongated,
dy ate, imbricated in bud, free, diverging in full flower. Staminal-
vit *longated, toothed at the apex; anthers 10 or 8, short, inserted just
Om n the mouth, alternating with the teeth, Disk annular or obsolete.
n "Y 5- or more-celled ; cells opposite the calyx-lobes when equal in
umber to them, with 2 superposed ovules; style elongated, exserted,
oe capitate. Capsule 4- or more-celled, loculicidal; valves woody or
pip aceus, separating from the winged axis. Seeds with a broad ventral ;
a» albumen fleshy; embryo foliaceous,—Disrri. A genus of 12-16
755, confined to tropical Asia, and tropical and South Africa.

LT. virens, Linn. Mant. Plant. alt, 237; glabrate, shining, leaves
d tic-oblong subacuminate emarginate coriaceous, base obtuse, flowers
ev, style just exserted, capsule hairy. Sm. Pl. Ic. t. 10; not of Hel-
Doy) LO t. Cat. Bomb, Pl, 31; Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 181; Dalz, & Gibs,
- Pl. 36,
Gi Bree PENINSULA; amongst lava heaps, Kenig; common on the Ghats, Dalz. &
An ever, F 7 3 b 1-13 i h rt]
: green shrub, 3—4 ft. h h, a tree. Ledves 23-33 by n., shortly
Petioleg, margins slightly pa ag dos beneath. Flowers 1-1] in. long, in axillary

542 XXXVII. MELIACEH. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Turrea,

or lateral clusters, shortly peduncled. ` Calyz shortly 5-fid, hairy. Staminal-tube about
1 in. long, with 10 lanceolate teeth. Ovary 5-celled. Capsule š in. long, hairy. Seeds
not winged. |

2, T. villosa, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 182; more or less pubescent with
short hairs, leaves elliptic or ovate shortly acuminate thin, base obtuse or
cuneate, flowers white, style far exserted, capsule glabrate. Wight Ie. t.
1593, Euonymus (sp.) Beddome Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxiv.

WESTERN PENINSULA; on the Anamallay and Mahableshwur hills; GuzzmaT, at
Dolra, Hove in Hb. Banks. . .

A large shrub or small tree. Leaves in flower usually about 14 in., in fruit 2-4 in.
and sometimes glabrate, entire, shortly petioled. Flowers sweet-scented, 1-1} m.
long, in axillary clusters or short racemes, 3-6 together, about double the length of the
peduncles. Calyx short, pubescent. Staminal-tube $-1 in. long, glabrous as well as
the petals; teeth very short. Ovary 5-celled. Capsule subglobose, about $ in. long.
Seeds not winged.

2. NAREGAMIA, W. & A.

A small glabrous and shining undershrub. Leaves trifoliolate. Peduncles
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Calyasmall, campanulate, 5-cleft, deciduous.
Petals 5, free, elongate-spathulate, imbricated in bud, at length spreading
above. Staminal-tube elongated, inflated above, obsoletely 10-crenate at
the mouth ; anthers 10, terminal, shortly oblong, inserted at the crenatures 0
themouth, exserted, setaceous-apiculate. Disk annular. Ovary 3-celled, ovules
2 collateral in each cell, pendulous ; style filiform, stigma capitate, Caps
ovoid-globose, 3-lobed, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved ; valves separating
from the 3-winged axis. Seeds 2 in each cell, albumen fleshy; embryo
foliaceous.—Disrrip, One Indian species, represented in Angola, West
pical mtr by a shortly hairy form scarcely likely to prove specifically

stinct.

1. N. alata, W. & A. Prodr. i, 117; leaflets sessile cuneate-obovate
quite entire or obtusely lobed, common petioles winged. Wall. Cat. 9038 ;

"ah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 30; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36 ; Drury Ind. Fi, i.161;
Wight Ic. t.90. N. dentata, Mig. in Pl. Hohenack. No. 79. Turrea alata,

Wight ex W. & A. le.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 22.

Western PENINSULA; or the Western Ghats from the Concan southwards.
Angola (a pubescent form). : É

Branches erect or decumbent, from a few inches to 2 ft. long. Leaves 1-4 10. long;
terminal leaflets rather larger than the lateral ones and about the length of the k
P etiole, Flowers 1-1] in. long, quite white, longer than the peduncles. aly
yellow.

— DISTRIB.

3. MUNRONIA, Wight.

Shrubs or undershrubs with trifoliolate or unequally pinnate gh
entire or coarsely toothed leaflets, elongated flowers, and axill any nt.
flowered peduncles, Calyx 5-partite, short at least in flower, persis ab
subfoliaceous, Petals 5, elongate-spathulate, cohering half way. Same
tube adnate below to the corolla, cylindrical, 10-toothed at the Tit
anthers 10, terminal, alternating with the teeth, setaceous-apiculate, 5
membranous, tubular, sheathing the ovary and base of the style. tigna
celled ; cells opposite the sepals, 2-ovuled ; style elongated, slender, de
capitate ; ovules superposed, Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobed, d axis.
ceous, loculicidally 5-valved ; valves separating from the 5-wins?

|

» Munronia.] XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 543

Seds winged, albumen thin.—Disrrip. Three species confined to India
and the Malay Archipelago.

1. M. pumila, Wight Ic. t. 91; IU. i. 147 ; leaflets 3 rarely 4-5 elliptic-
lanceolate terminal one longer, peduncles axillary few-flowered crowded
E top of the short stem. Thwaites Enum. 59. Melia pumila, Moon

ÜEYLoN ; not uncommon in the warmer parts of the Island. .
More or less hirsute, 3-6 in. above the ground; leaves about as long; petiole
&arcely half as long; lateral leaflets subsessile ; terminal one 14-34 in. long. Flowers
H- 14 in. long, white, somewhat hairy outside. Peduneles short, bracteate. Sta-
@-tube with subulate teeth. Fruit š in. diam., hairy.—Much valued in India as a
medicina] plant.

2 M. Wallichii, Wight Ill, i. 147 ; leaflets 5-9 usually 7 opposite or
mbopposite lanceolate or ovate Jateral ones very shortly petioled, base
Wüquely rounded or rarely cuneate, peduncles axillary bearing a few

] lcled flowers crowded at the top of the stem. Turræa pinnata, Wall.

*4s Har. ii 21, t. 119. M. neilgherrica, Wight Ill. i. 147, t. 54.
ga TERN Troricar HIMALAYA, in Sikkim. Knasra Mrs. Niseni Mrs. at Koondah

| A. Shrub. Leaves approximated at the ends of the branches, 6-12 in.; leaflets
ci. by 3-14 in.; petiole 2-4 im. Flowers 1-1} in. long, pale Tose or white, hairy
utside. “Peduncles 1 in. long, hairy, bent downwards after flowering, bracteate. Sta-
mnal-tube with short subulate teeth. Fruit 4-3 in. diam., hairy.

4, MELIA, Linn.

Trees with innate or 2-3-pinnate leaves, toothed. or entire leaflets and
Phicled axillary, flowers ; ebesan often stellate-mealy. Calyx short,
ais bed, imbricated. Petals 5-6, free, spathulate-oblong, atent, imbri-
19. Inbud, Staminal-tube cylindrical, dilated at base and apex, 10- or
in ate and -toothed ; anthers 10 or 12, included or partly exserted, short,
i erted near apex Disk annular. Qvary 3-6-celled ; cells alternate to the
tthe: When equal in number to them ; style slender, nearly as long as the
vith Stigma capitate ; ovules 2, superposed. Frut drupaceous. | Seeds
Bin: thin fleshy albumen; cotyledons foliaceous.—DISTRIB. A gens con-

atg Scarcely more than the following five species, ^.

elia latifolia, in Griff. Itin. Notes, p. 402, is a misprint for Melica latifolia, Roxb.

* .
Leaves simply pinnate, :

tiny] * tomentosa, Joh, Hort. Beng. 90; Fl. Ind. ii. 394; leaves
ul Pinnate, leaflets subsessile 20 or more opposite lanceolate acumi-
© needle-pointed firmly coriaceous, base obtuse, panicles spike-like on

A Uncles, flowers 5-merous, teeth of staminal tube linear-oblong
Py ed about equalling the anthers, ovary 5-celled.

ry Roxburgh.

terior of tree, with the young parts petioles lower surface of leaflets bracts calyx ex-

long Petals interior of staminal-tube ovary and style downy. Leaves 6 ft. or more

continuing to expand leaflets at the apex ; leaflets ranging up to 1 ft. Flowers

pay lar E6, very numerous, crowded. Bracts subulate. Calyx cup-shaped, subentire.

Had Fruit 5-celled, with 1 seed in each cell.— There is a coloured drawing of this

amongst Roxburgh's drawings in the Kew Herbarium, but no specimen.

544 XXXVII. MELIACEH. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Melia.

2, M. excelsa, Jack in Mal. Misc. i. 12; leaves simply pinnate,
leaflets numerous (19) subopposite or alternate ovate-oblong rather ob-
tusely acuminate quite entire glabrous, base very oblique subauriculate,
panicle ascending about equalling the leaves, flowers 5-merous, calyx
short with rounded sepals, petals puberulent outside, staminal tube 10-fur-
rowed obtusely 10-20-toothed, anthers 10 somewhat exserted, style rather
thickly filiform, ovary 3-celled. Griff. Notul. iv. 499 ; Hook, Bot. Mise. i.,
281; Wall. Cat. 1253, b non B.

Penana, Jack, Wallich; Mercur, Griffith (cult. ?) ft:

A lofty tree of 50 ft. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 2-24 ft;
petiole terete, thickened and somewhat scaly at base; leaflets 3-6 by 14-2 m., ed
ules j-$ in. Pedicels short, bracteolate. Flowers white, $-i in. long. Stamin
glabrous outside. Ovary glabrous.

3. M. Azadirachta, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 385; leaves simply pinnate,
leaflets 9-15 opposite subopposite or alternate lanceolate acuminate oblique
or subfalcate serrate glabrous shortly petioluled sometimes sublobed a
the obtuse base, flowers 5-merous, calyx 5-fid with obtuse or roun r
lobes, petals shortly ciliate, anthers nearly equalling the obtuse toota a
the staminal tube, ovary 3-celled, fruit 1-celled 1-seeded. Roxb. ¿ Hi
Beng. 33; Fl. Ind. ii. 394 ; Grif. Notul. iv. 500; Wall. Cat. 1251; Bed die à
Sylvat. t. 14; scarcely of Gartner. M. parviflora, Moon Cat. 35. M. in s
Brandis For. Flor. 67. Azadirachta indica, Adr. Juss. in Mém. ie fee
221, t. 13, f. 5; W. & A. Prodr. i. 118; Wight Ic. t. 17 ; Grah. Cat. .
Pl. 30; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 52.

A common tree throughout the greater part of Innia, often planted, as elsewhere m
hot climates. . ded neár
A large tree of 40-50 ft., with a straight trunk. Leaves 8-15 in., crow bs
the ends of the branches; leaflets 1-3 by 4-14 in. Flowers white, biete x.
-5 in. long. Drupe oblong, 4-3 in. long.—The “ Neem ;” the seeds supply veh, "s
Buchanan, Journ. Madr.i.9; a gum is also said to exude from the tree, Duch. +

188. The wood resembles Mahogany, and the bark is very bitter.

** Leaves twice or three times pinnate.

4, M. Azedarach, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 384; leaves bipinnate ote
sionally tripinnate, ultimate leaflets 3-12 opposite subopposite or à blique,
ovate or lanceolate serrate or entire acuminate, base more or less jk lane
flowers usually 5-merous, calyx deeply lobed lobes lanceolate o ^
petals puberulent, anthers nearly equalling the linear-lanceolate, t wit
the purple quite or nearly glabrous staminal tube, ovary 5-celled, 5. Wig
5 or fewer cells and seeds. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 33; Ft. Ind. i ^id
Ic. t. 160; Wall. Cat. 1250 ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. 1. 954; W. & A. Pr j^ dd, Fl
Adr. Juss, in Mém. Mus. xix. t. 13, f. 4; Bot. Mag. t. 1066; 6:
Sylvat. t. 13; Brandis For. Flor. 68. M. sempervirens, Sw. P rodr, t 1959;
Reg. t. 643; Roxb, Hort. Beng. 33; Fl. Ind, ii. 395; Wall. Ad: Grif
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 15. M. Bukayun, Royle IU. Bot. 195;
Itin. Notes 355, 403.

alt. 2-3000 ft.—

Commonly cultivated in India; wild in the sub-Himalayan tract,
Disrgm. Persia, China, (Rowb.)—Cult. elsewhere. wn, Leaves

A tree from 40 ft. downwards with a short erect trunk and broad crow". Drupé
9-18 in. ; leaflets -3 by 4-14 in. Flowers lilac, 4—4 in. long, honey-scem 4 “Wood
ribgobos, 3-1 in. diam.—Numerous synonyms not being Indian are om

ard finely marked ; the seeds are io make rosaries.

Mela. XXXVII. MELIACEEX. (W.P. Hiern.) 545

_5. M. dubia, Cav. Diss. (vii) 364 (1789) ; leaves bipinnate or occa-
sionally tripinnate, ultimate leaflets 2-11 opposite ovate or oblong-lanceolate
entire or crenate-serrate acuminate, base more or less oblique, panicles mealy
with stellate hairs rather dense, calyx-lobes ovate, petals mealy, anthers
exceeding the numerous short subulate teeth of the hairy mouth of the
White staminal tube, ovary 5-celled, fruit with 5 or fewer cells and seeds.
M, composita, Wild. Sp. Pl. ii. 559 (1799), not of De Candolle ; W. £ A.
Tdr.i 117; Dalz.d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 36; Thwaites Enum. 59; Bedd. Fl.
eat t. 12; Brandis For. Flor, 69. M. superba, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 33;
-Ind. ii. 396 ; Wall. Cat. 1254. M. robusta, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 33; Fl.
Ind. ii. 397, M. australasica, Adr. Juss. in Mém. Mus, xix. 257. M. æthio-
Welw. Apontam. Phyto-geogr. Prov. Angola, 584. M. Bombolo, Welw.

& 561. M. argentea, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 1254, C.

The Eastern and Western PENINSULAS; Brema and CEvrow; wild and cultivated.
- - Tropical Asia, Australia, and Angola. . .
Alarge handsome tree. Leaves 9-24 in.; leaflets 3-3 by }-14 in. Flowers greenish-
of te, fragrant, 1—1 in, long. Drupe ellipsoidal, 3 in. or more long.—By the kindness
to x. Ceper, Professor of Botany at the University of Rostock, I have been enabled
„amine the original specimen of M. dubia, Cav., and to ascertain its identity
"à X. composita, Willd.

5. CIPADESSA, Blume. (Mallea, Juss.).

Shrubs or small trees with odd-pinnate leaves, opposite or subopposite
“arsely serrate or entire leaflets, axillary peduncled panicles and sub-
Ghose flowers. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong,
M Short, spreading, free, valvate in bud. Staminal tube deeply 10-lobed,
“uate below to the disk, lobes linear, bifid at the apex ; anthers short,
Dx etween the teeth, subapiculate. Disk shortly cup-shaped, wholly
vith qi? the base of the staminal tube. Ovary 5-celled ; cells ln

" the, calyx-lobes ; style rather short, stigma clavate-capitate ; ibe.
ae collateral, pendulous. Drupe slightly fleshy, 5-ribbed, 5-celled ; ib s

"ate with the calyx-lobes; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds with fleshy anu
;; embryo subfoliaceous.— DrSTRIB. A genus of 2 species, limited to
and the Malay Archipelago. |

io, fruticosa 7] - te or elliptic entire
Blume Bijd. 162; leaflets 7-11 ovate or eip
tecaatsely serrate pubescent on the nerves beneath, ovar glabrous: C.
Meli Ya, Mig. in Ann. Mus, Lugd.-Bat. iv. 6. C. 1 subscandens, Miq. l.c. 7.
Pi } baccifera, Roth Nov. Sp. 215. Ekebergia indica, Roxb. Hort. Bena. rA ;
loi u. 392 ; Wall. Cat. 1256. E. integerrima, Wall. Cat. 1257. Mallen
Crah. ( Adr. Juss, in Mém. Mus. xix. 222, t. 13, f. 6; W. £ A. Prodr. i. V 8;
lg py Bomb. PL 31; Thwaites Enum. 60; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb. Fl 37;
ü ; Sylv. Anal, Gen. liv. t. 8,f.5. M. integerrima, Wall. cx I oig
Cale. 134, M. subscandens, Teysm. d Binnend, in Nat. Tid schr.

` Xxvii. 39. Melia montana, Hb. Madr. ex Wall. Cat. 1256, D.

erm PENINSULA ; from the Concan and Circars southwards to CryLon.—
Án, rara.

hb 1 i h t scandent. Leaves
1p we? branched shrub, erect dense moist forests somewha .

In,: ,e or in en t 1 . long:
oe 2 leatlets 1-34 by 4-1} in, shortly petiolulate. Flowers 4-% in. long;

! tly on long peduncles. .ruiti-i in. diam.

vu. L NN

546 XXXVII. MELIACEZ. (W.P. Hiern.) — [Dysoaylum.

6. DYSOXYLUM, Blume.

Trees, mostly glabrous. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets quite entire, opposite
subopposite or alternate, more or less acuminate at the apex and oblique at
the base, coriaceous. Flowers paniculate, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-fid,
dentate or partite or subentire, imbricated, caducous. Petals 4-5, oblong,
spreading, valvate or slightly imbricated. Staminal tube. cylindrical, den-
tate or crenulate at mouth; anthers short, 6, 8 or 10, included or
exserted. Disk tubular, equalling or twice the length of the ovary, €
nulate or entire at the mouth. Ovary usually 3—4-celled ; style abou
equalling the staminal tube ; ovules usually 2 in each cell. Capsule glo A
or pear-shaped, coriaceous (often thickly so), 1—4-celled, loculicidal ; seeds
arillate or exarillate, exalbuminous.—DisrRrB. Species about 40, many
in the Malay Archipelago, and a few in Australia and New Zealand.

The Indian species appear to be endemic. Many species emit an alliaceous odour.

a Sect. I. Calyx cup-shaped, subentire, about half the length of the
ower.

1, D. binectariferum, Hook. f. ex Bedd. in Trans, Linn. Soc, d
212; pallid, leaflets 5-9 alternate elliptic acuminate glabrous, panic e
nearly glabrous much shorter than the leaves, pedicels shorter tiai
4-merous obsoletely tomentose flowers, calyx thick urceolate-cups ad
subentire, petals valvate except the apex, disk glabrous inside "l we
so outside twice as long as the 4-celled shortly hairy ovary, sty rie
shortly hairy, fruit obovoid somewhat pyriform or subglobose Š °
glabrate or puberulous. Guarea binectarifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; pr

nd. ii. 240; Wall. Cat. 1260; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 31. D. macra #
Thwaites Enum. 60; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 150; Anal. Gen. liv. ;. 307
Blume, G. Gotadhora, Buch. Ham. in Edinb. Mem. Wern. Soc. Wy sa
Wall. Cat. 4884, excl. lett. B. Epicharis exarillata, Arn. €x W. £ A.

1. 120, not of Nimmo. 1 G. Amaris, Hamilt. l.c. 308. hwards;

Kuasta Mrs. and Assam; Wesrern PENINsULA from the Concan south war
Ceyton (? Sikkim Himalaya and S. Andaman Islds.). "A

A tree 30 ft. high or more. Leaves 9-18 in.; leaflets 24-7 by 1-310. 5.
1-8 in. Flowers 3 in. pale green; calyx nearly half the length of the fer 4-seede
tube somewhat mealy on both sides. Fruit 24 in. long, reddish, 4-celle ; the var.
Seeds polished, dark purple.—The form with smaller and narrower leaves 15 sembles
of Dr. Thwaites. Amoora ficiformis, Wight Illustr. Ind. Bot. i. 147, closely re
the Ceylon specimens, and may be synonymous with this species.

Sect. II. Calyx 4-5-fid or -partite or -sepalous, mostly short.
* Flowers panicled.
t Ovary glabrous,

2. D. brevipes, Miern ; leaflets 5-11 opposite or alternate ap
ovate-oblong acuminate glabrous, ultimate pedicels shorter tals (3) &
glabrous flowers, calyx small cup-shaped irregularly 4-toothed, pe

disk exceeding the 3-4-celled glabrous ovary, fruit pear-shaped 4-va 7

Maracca, Maingay. š 1

A tree. Leaves 8-24 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 1-2 in., sometimes i: M M. 14 in.
punctate ; lateral veins more or less depressed on the upper surface ; Per t slightly im
Flowers 1-1 in., white, with a strong “kamas smell ; petals distinctly Y culate ; OF
bricated at the margin ; staminal tube pilose inside ; connective obtusely ap rround

glabrous ; style glabrous, smooth, stigma discoid flattened at apex, its bese."

ptic oF

|
|

Dysoxylum. | XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 547

by a viscid ring. Ovules 2 together, superposed. Fruit brownish-orange, 14-2 in.
bug; seeds attached by a broad ovoid hile to the axis; testa externally of a chestnut
our.

tt Ovary more or less hairy.
Í Disk densely hairy at the mouth,

3. D. thyrsoideum, Grif. mss, sub Hartighsea ; leaflets 5-9 more or less
alternate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous shining, panicles divaricately

tanched, ultimate pedicels about equalling the glabrous 4-5-merous
flowers, calyx small cup-shaped or nearly flat irregularly toothed, disk

iyon both sides especially at the mouth fleshy truncate rather exceeding
the 3-celled slightly hairy ovary, fruit obovoid.

Matacca, Griffith (Kew distrib. 1053).

tree. Leaves 12-16 in.; leaflets 4-10 by 2-3} in.; lateral veins obscurely de-

Pressed on the upper surface; petiolule 4—4 in. Flowers + in., white. Fruits fleshy,
2-3-lubed, umbilicate, nearly 1 in. long. Fruiting peduncles stout, woody. Style robust,
stigma discoid sub-3-lobed. Seeds exarillate.

4 D. procerum, Hiern ; leaflets 7-10 alternate or opposite elliptic or
oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, branches of elongated panicle spread-
Ing, ultimate pedicels very short, bracteate near the apex, calyx shortly
cup-shaped 4-5-toothed, corolla appressedly pubescent 4-5-merous, anthers
8 or 10, disk twice the length of the 3-4-celled hairy ovary hairy at the
der and inside, fruit pyriform-globose, pericarp thick, seeds arillate.

area procera, Wall, Cat. 1261. G. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 1262, G. Gobara,
Hamilt, in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 306 (1832); Wall. Cat. 4885. Hartighsea

obara, W. € A. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 136. Cfr. Guarea acuminata, Wall.
Cat. 1263, Cfr, G. disyphonia, Grif. Notul. iv. 503.
rom Assam, the Kuasra Mrs., and CACHAR to TENASSERIM. .
A large treo. Leaves 1-24 ft.; leaflets 4-14 by 2-6 in.; petiolule 3-3 in. Flowers
m.; petals valvate or very slightly imbricate; staminal tube glabrous. Fruit
Y 14 in., 3-4-celled.

V. Disk glabrous at the mouth or nearly 80.

5 D. grande, Hiern; puberulent, leaflets 12 alternate oblong
taudate-acuminate base rounded, panicles about equalling leaves, flowers
ortly pedicelled clustered 4-merous, calyx short, staminal tube thinly
Pubescent on both sides 8-toothed teeth bifid, disk shortly tubular glabrous
Cat do rather exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary. Guarea grandis, Wa.

EasrERN BENGAL; at Silhet (Wall.). -
lin lon 2 ft.; petiole 53 in. long; leaflets 5-9 by 24-3 in. ; petiolules } in. lowers
` g.

usely acuminate labrous base cuneate, panicles short not much
fats hed, flowers about equalling the dicels 5-merous, calyx short
ËL Yery shortly toothed staminal tube obtusely crenate, anthers 10,
Just exceeding the hairy 4-celled ovary.
CCA, Main . E . .
pLtaves 6-9 in., wale leaflets 24-5 by 1-2 in.; lateral petiolules short, terminal } in.
iles 14 in, long. Petals somewhat hairy outside, adnate in bud with the glabrous
Saminal tube, at length free, 4 in. long. Disk glabrous outside, hirsute inside, 5-
ovary; , Ale glabrous except the base.—According to Dr. Maingay’s mss, the
ary is 5celled, each cell opposite a calyx-lobe and containing 2 collateral ovulos,

d D. Maingayi, Hiern ; leaflets 5-7 opposite or subopposite elliptic

5

548 XXXVII. MELIACEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) [Dysorylum.

7. D. Hamiltonii, Hiern ; shoots tawny velvety, leaticte 9-17 oppor
site or subopposite oblong acuminate velvety on the mE saling
panicles lax axillary shorter than the leaves, pedicels slender abou a eae |
or shorter than the flowers, calyx very small 4-partite with run Y on
cave imbricated lobes pubescent, petals 4 glabrous, staminal tube m sth of x
on both sides, anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides twice the w:
the ovary, style slender pubescent below glabrous above, ovary Lines w
3-celled. Guarea mollis, Wall. mss. G. paniculata, Wall. Cat. r2 Alliaria, x
of Roxb. Epicharis mollis, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 135. articho

amilt. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 305 (1832) excl. syn. Rumph. Hartig
Alliaria, Arn. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc, 136.

Assam and SILHET, . . :

A large tree. Leaves erect, 15-20 in. ; leaflets 4 by 15 in. ; petiolules j in. Inflo-
rescence 6 in. long and wide; flowers } in. long, greenish-white,

8. D. malabaricum, Bedd. mss. ; leaflets about 8 subopposite ovis
or subelliptic acuminate cbsoletely puberulent base cunea "ias rd
petioluled, panicles many-flowered puberulent, pedicels shor b ee OVMY
merous, calyx cleft halfway short, disk short mouth not very wA both
shortly pubescent 4-celled, ovules 2 together collateral, fruit glo 212; Fl.
ends pointed. Dysoxylum (sp.), Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxv. 214;
Sylv. Anal. Gen. p. liv.

Western PENINSULA ; Mountains of Kurz and Travancor, alt. 2-3000 peior

An immense tree. Leaves pallid, 13 ft. ; leaflets 5-8 by 13-23 in. ; dis m., verrucose,
4l in. ; petiolules 4 in. Flowers Yin. Anthers short. Fruit 2 in, ang 1 &
longitudinally lined, nearly glabrous, bright yellow when ripe, M q lacenta; testa
bluntly 3-sided, attached by their whole inner face to the centra P Anamallays.
reddish-brown ; cotyledons green.—Called Porapà by the Kaders on the

** Flowers racemose or spicate,
t Leaflets alternate.

AH wl
9. D. pallens, Hiern ; leaflets 5-10 alternate oblong or elliptio Na +T
acuminate glabrous, inflorescence axillary racemose, pedicels ha 4-fi
the closely puberulent 4-merous flowers, calyx shortly cup-s t p qualling
anthers 8, disk glabrous on both sides coarsely toothed n MA pyriform,
the hairy 3- (-2)-celled ovary, style shortly hairy below, frui $
seeds exarillate P

Sixx Hruarava (Herb. Griff.) ; Misnwi and KuAstA Mrs., Griff fh aflets 3-8 by

A small or moderate-sized tree; shoots pale. Leaves 9-32 m.s etals valvate;
1}-3 in. ; petiolule 4-4 in. Flowers } in., greenish ; calyx 45-4 in. long; Py in., slightly
staminal tube glabrous on both sides, obtusely 6-8-toothed. Fruit 14 by ,
pubescent.

mem-
10. D. Beddomei, Hiern ; leaflets 7-9 alternate glabrous. e base
branous ovate- or elliptic-oblong narrowly and obtuse!y s what branched
oblique obtuse or cuneate, inflorescence axillary spicate pem pu
near the base, flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicelled 4- uberulent 0D
rulent, calyx very short, teeth short obtuse, starainal tube p
both sides, disk glabrous exceeding the hirsute ovary.
Sours Travancor, Beddome. 12-15 in. leaf
A middling-sized tree; young parts puberulent. Leaves pale sree )] in. Info
lets 4-6 by 13 to 2 in., midrib and. lateral veins pale beneath ; petiolu cd. p tyi. tube
rescence 3-6 in., 1-2 in. wide. Flowers y in. long. Petals imbricated.
shortly toothed. Ovary 2-celled; ovules collateral.

`

Dysoxylum. | XXXVII. MELIACER. (W.P. Hiern.) 549

ll. D. flavescens, Hiern; leaflets 9-13 alternate elliptic acuminate
glabrous inidrib alone conspicuous, flowers subsessile crowded in elongated
axillary spikes 4—5-merous minutely hairy, calyx very short nearly flat
toothed, petals very slightly imbricated pale yellow, staminal tube glabrous
below slightly pilose above, disk glabrous exceeding the 4-celled shortly

ovary.

Matacca, Maingay. .

leaves 1-2 ft.; leaflets 3-5 by 11-2 in.; petiolules 1-1 in. Flowers l in.; calyx
minutely spongio-pilose (Maingay mss.); petals minutely pilose outside, glabrous
side; anthers black; style very minutely and sparingly pilose, stigma discoid, sur-
rounded at the base by a ring. Disk dull reddis -orange, entire or undulated at the
mouth. Qvules 2 together, superposed.

12. D. Grifüithii, Hiern ; leaflets alternate about 11 oblong-lanceolate
tcuminate glabrous shining, racemes from the axils of fallen leaves at the
lower parts of the branches short, pedicels shorter than the 4-merous
nearly glabrous flowers, calyx very short nearly flat, stamina] tube »uberu-

nt outside glabrous inside, disk glabrous equalling or rather exceeding the
4(3-)-celled somewhat hairy ovary, style puberulent. Hartighsea ramiflora,

rif. Notul. iv. 501.

Matacca, Griffith.

Branchlets subsimple, elongated, flowering below, leafy above; youngest parts fer-
mugihous-scaly. Leaves 1-14 ft. ; leaflets 44-5 by 1) in.; petiolules $ in. Flowers
pale-yellow, quickly turning brown ; petals 4 in. by 5 in. Racemes 1 in. long.—In the
axils of the lowest leaves a short raceme sometimes occurs.

tt Leaflets opposite or subopposite.

13. D. cauliflorum, Miern ; pallid, leaflets about 13 opposite or sub-
Posite elliptic or oblong obtusely and shortly acuminate glabrous
n attaceous, base cuneate, spikes clustered on the trunk much shorter than
e leaves tawny-pubescent, flowers crowded 4-merous, calyx obscurely
‘toothed, petals puberulent, staminal tube rather pubescent on both sides
bed, lobes notched at apex, anthers 8 included short, style shaggy °
low not exserted, disk tubular glabrous much exceeding the ovary muc
ier than the hairy style obscurely and obtusely 4-toothed, ovary 4-
«ed hairy “ cells 1-ovuled.” (Maingay.)

AUACCA, Maingay. NM
lules Te. Leaves 1-3 ft.; leaflets 4-8 by 13-3] in. Shoots tawny-velutinons petio-
Cal i 1m. or terminal one longer. Inflorescence 3-4 in. long ; owers i: m. long.
valved Ty in. long. Fruit 1 in. long, nearly glabrous, 1-2-seeded, subglobose,

ed, deep dull red.

i. D. cuneat iern ; leaflets 13 opposite or subopposite elliptic
(Lise or shortly md edo glabrous, base cuneate, inflorescence spicate

otter than the leaves, flowers 4-merous subsessile, calyx campan) tly
imbr; ly cleft halfway down shortly pubescent, petals nearly glabrous à ig h y
earl , stamina] tube with 8 hairy lines outside pubescent insi e, lis
pil ly equalling the ovary glabrous outside dense y hairy iiid e, style
Pubescent below, ovary densely hairy 4-celled, fruit subglobose.

lacca, Maingay ; (9 Si T. Anderson). : I
A large tree, Le, Sn SACR 4-7 by 2-3 in.; petiolules 1-3 in, pome-
s. Umid at base. Flowers š in. long; calyx nearly half the length of the ower ;
Mie robust Fruit 1 in. long, Pike at eai Papa fiar “Tautoolan.” According to Dr.

Bay's ms, notes, the staminal tube is campanulate, cleft into 10 narrowly quadrate

550 XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) — [Dysoxylum.

divisions slightly crenulate at the margins; stamens 10 ; ovary 5-qelled, each cell con-
taining 1 éubhorizontal ovule ; seeds with an incomplete orange arillus.

7. CHISOCHETON, Blume. (Schizochiton.)

; : : i bopposite ;
Trees or shrubs, eaves pinnate, quite entire, opposite or subop
leaflets more or less oblique. Panicles supra-axillary divaricately branched
many-flowered, rarely axillary or flowers in spicate racemes ; n T
gamo-dicecious. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 4—-5-toothed. Peta m below,
rarely 6, usually linear-elongated, long cohering in a tube especi; , y hyt
at length spreading, somewhat imbricated or valvate. Stamina toothed ;
gated, slender, tubular, 4-8-lobed at the apex, lobes ea ened tonad ed
anthers linear, equal in number to and alternate with the lo eS, ort 9-4
or somewhat exserted. Disk short and fleshy or tubular. Ovary . pa. tate;
celled ; style filiform, usually exceeding the staminal tube, stigm ae
ovules usually one in each cell. Capsule subglobose, thickly coria Sect aril
celled, loculicidally 2-4-valved. Seeds usually enclosed in an ip A.
hile usually suborbicular or oval ; cotyledons usually peltate a pets
genus of about 12 species confined to Eastern India and the In

pelago.

Sect. I. Racemes spicate.

. as lon

l C. spieatus, Hiern ; leaflets 4 or 6 opposite elliptic % iate
acuminate glabrescent, base cuneate shortly petiolulate, T CTS 5-6.
axillary, calyx entire, staminal tube obtusely 5-6-toothed, anthe

MALACCA, Maingay. lent.

A tree about 30 fu high. Young parts and inflorescence pale tawny, Puer te
Leaves 8-12 in., terminating in a growing point; leaflets 2-6 by ie . flowers su
oblique. Spikes 4-6 in., about double the length of the common pedunc bi appressed
sessile, j-$ in. long; bracteoles ovate, small. Petals 4. Staminal 1 e z cially to-
pubescent on both sides. Fruit (immature) attenuate at both ends, esp
wards apex, obsoletely tomentose.

SECT. II. Flowers panicled.
* Anthers 5 or fewer. i
liptic of

2. C. erythrocarpus, Hiern; leaflets 10-12 opposite e ut
oblong obtusely cuspidate glabrate above, base obtuse, panicles E bori in-
the length of the leaves many-flowered supra-axillary, anthers 5,
conspicuous, fruit globose base stipitate.
Mazacca, Maingay. aves tet-
Young parts petioles petiolules and fruit tawny and shortly tomentose, D^ tio-
minating in growing points, about 1 ft. long or more ; leaflets 3-6 by ed. etals
lules $-} in. Flowers $, in. long; pedicels short. Calyx 3-500 h sides, teeth
5, valvate. Staminal tube truncately 5-toothed at apex, pubescent ed: ° vules solitary.
centrally emarginate, truncate ; anthers 5, included. Ovary 2- ?-celled ; “accou, rigbt
Fruit bright blood-red. Seeds exarillate, 1 in. long ; testa very thick, cori
orange; hile 8-3 in. diam,

leaf-
3. €. penduliflorus, Planch. mss. in Hb. Kew.; tawny velvety,
lets 10-11 opposite elliptic or ovate or upper ones obovate nig eli ngated
rounded or subcordate except of the upper leaflets, Pans g ated,
supra-axillary very narrow pendulous, flowers 4-5-merous e dot i
toothed or entire, staminal tube appressedly pilose outside | emargin
lobes, sparingly pilose inside below the middle, lobes deeply eroa below,
anthers 3-5 included sessile, style very slender glabrous abona Cal. n.1
disk glabrous free short cupular fleshy. Melia penduliflora, Wall.

— M I h

Chisocheton.] — xxxvi. MELIACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) 551

MALACOA, Maingay ; PENANG, Porter. . .

Asmall tree or shrub. Leaves 1-2 ft.; leaflets 3-9 by 11-3 in.; petiolules very
short. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers 3-i in. long, clustered, sub-
sessile, dull red. Young fruit fusiform-oblong, appressedly silky, 1 in. long.

** Anthers 6-8,
* Flowers subsessile or on very short pedicels.
1 Teeth of staminal tube lanceolate.

4. C. glomeratus, Hiern ; young parts inflorescence lower surface of
leaflets and midrib above hispid-pubescent tawny, leaflets 2-5—7 opposite
arin cuspidate base rounded very shortly petiolulate, panicles supra-

Ty equalling the leaves, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx obscurely
toothed, petals 4 nearly glabrous, staminal tube 6-toothed teeth lanceolate
entire silky inside, anthers 6 somewhat exserted, style very hairy.
Siaochiton ? Wall. Cat. 9040.

ANG hills, Porter, uu

Very lofty tree, and stout in proportion. Leaves 1-14 ft. often terminating
MW a growing point; leaflets 4-8 by 14-24 in. Flowers } in. long or more, gla TOS,
white. —A specimen in fruit from Malacca (Hb. Griffith, Kew distr. n. 1065), with a
leaf 2 ft. long and leaflets 6-10 by 24-34 in., and fruit 14 in. long, seems to belong to

Species,

5. €. fragra Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets 16-28 subopposite
eliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate nervoso shortly petiolulate, base obtuse
oblique, male panicles elongated about equalling the leaves, flowers
*terous, calyx 4-toothed or subentire, teeth of staminal tube 6-5 entire,
fruiting racemes elongated pendulous equalling or shorter than the leaves,
fruits subglobose somewhat pyriform pedicelled 2-celled, cells 1-2-seede

ACCA, Griffith, Maingay 324.

A lofty tree. eaves 13 ft., dark green ; leaflets 14-4 by 1-14 in. ; petiolules 1-3 in.
ing panicles 1 ft. beats long, pendulous, supra-axillary ; flowers 1 in. long, rd
rnt, shortly pedicelled. Petals slightly imbricated above, glabrous, sete n) "
m €. Staminal tube petaloid, glabrous outside, hairy inside ; teeth lanceolate, acu j
Lung. Anthers 6-5, sessile, exserted. Ovary 2?-celled ; style a Wow mer
annular, fleshy. Fruiting racemes 1 ft. or more long. Fruits o h y dicela
tose, reddish brown,?11 in. diam., 2-celled ; few, many being abortive, on short pedic

uter than the peduncle. Aril large, fleshy, white, covering halfthe seed; hile broadly
Cotyledons greenish, very thick, fleshy, deeply auricled.

6. G, holocalyx, Hiern ; subglabrous, leaflets 17-23 narrowly oblong

Narrowly acuminate opposite or subopposite petiolulate, base op lique! Y
» Margins narrowly revolute, panicles elongated narrow ra p s

praxi ary, flowers 4-merous, calyx truncate entire, staminal tu ° P

rent especially inside 6-8-toothed teeth lanceolate acute entire or id,
anthers 6-8 somewhat exserted sessile, style appressedly pubescent,

nular fleshy about equalling the short ovary. |
“ACCA ; ; ' Anderson. . . "n
jj, aves Pr fe her gee wit T^ ; petiolules id in. Panicles Peel in
18 the leaves with very short divaricate branches; pedicels very short. ah a once,
Ing labrous except the apex. Ovary 9.celled.—'' Flowers with a ste

m odour like Pederia" ( Maingay). Closely allied to C. divergens, Blume.
E Teeth of staminal tube oblong.

ar C. dys Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. ii. 49 (1871);
fermata oben or oblong-iusoodiste acuminate glabrous subcor-

552 XXXVII MELIACEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) [Chisocheton.

iaceous shortly and thickly petiolulate, base oblique rather obtuse, pani-
cles supra-axillary pyramidal elongated more or less pubescent, flowers
subsessile 4-merous, calyx obsoletely toothed very thinly pubescent, "e T
pubescent, staminal tube appressedly pubescent 6-lobed at the apex ont
oblong obtuse entire quite glabrous, anthers 6, ovary and style pu
towards the base.

MARTABAN, at Thoungyeen, Brandis. . :.
A tree, glabrous in most parts. Leaves large, “ very like those of Dysoxylum acer
natissimum," Kurz; leaflets 6-12 by 3-4 in. ; petiolules puberulent, } y" le equal-
14 ft. or more; bracteoles small, lanceolate, pubescent ; flowers 4 in. long. Sty
ling the staminal tube.

8. C. grandiflorus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. n (EAD;
leaflets 8-13; opposite or subopposite oblong or oblong-lanceo viij etie:
acuminate glabrescent above except the nerves softly pubescen youn
shortlyand thickly petiolulate, panicles axillary slender densely Se tooth ed,
tose, flowers subsessile clustered, calyx cup-shaped obsolete y mis
densely pubescent outside as well as the 4-6 petals, glabrous ing » long
tube sparingly pubescent outside glabrous inside 6-7-lobed lo arale
truncate entire, anthers 6-7 included, capsules 3-lobed pyriform ‘Roem.
Plagiotaxis grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1271. Dysoxylum grandi orum et
Synops. i. 135; W. d: A. Prodr. i. 123. Diplotaxis grandiflora, iv
Kurz Rep. Veg, Andam. ed. ii. 33, Epicharis sp. Kurz l.c. ed. i. p. 1Y- |

Texasserm, Gomez; S. ANDAMAN, Kurz. or

A moderately-sized or large tree with young parts tawny velvety- tomen by
pubescent. Leaflets 6-10 in. Flowers 4-3 in. long, ailky-tomentos>, on long P
a widely oblong densely tawny-pubescent calyx 1 in. long. Panic d, as the ovary,
duncles. Ovary and style tawny-pubescent, ‘Disk cup-shaped, as high a
glabrous. Capsule 1} in. long; seeds solitary; aril complete, orange.

tt Flowers on slender pedicels,

"n hispid-
9. C. paniculatus, Hiern; young parts and inflorescence or
pubescent, leatlets 7—24 opposite or subopposite elliptic ovate-ob -
oblong acuminate glabrescent or hispid-pubescent on the veles usually
papery-coriaceous, base obtuse oblique shortly petiolulate, pax branc
about equalling or exceeding the leaves with elongated = 4-tooth
flowers pubescent or glabrate on slender pedicels, calyx obscure Yobed lo
staminal tube more or less pubescent on both sides obtusely e ab
deeply bifid, style pubescent below. Guarea paniculata, m, Arn. e8
Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. ii. 242, not of Wall. Dysoxylum multijugu 146. Tri-
W. & A. Prodr. i. 121. D. paniculatum, Arn. ex Wight Ic. "Cat 8069.—
chilia? longissima, Wall. Cat. n, 8069. Cupania (sp) Wall. Cat.
Wall. Cat. p. 250, n. 4884 B not A.

Eastern BENGAL, Assam, Cacnan, the Knasta Mrs., and Tavoy. ules 4-} in. Pa

Leaves 15-36 in. or more; leaflets 4-10 by 14-4 in.; petiolules long; flowers
nicles axillary, 2-3 ft. long, ramifications hairy; pedicels 15-5 ai celled cells 1-
1-3 in. long, 4-merous, pale yellow; rachis often angular. Ovary led smooth,
rarely 2-ovuled. Capsule 1-21 in. diam., globose, base yriform, am grate instead
a dark orange or red colour when ripe.— The anthers in Wight's figure ar Taong Dong
of linear. Sapindus multijugus, Wall. Cat. 8099, leaves only, from
Burma, may possibly belong to this species.

acutely
G.? costatus, Hiern; leaflets about 10 alternate ovate-oblong v sind
acuminate pale olive and velvety beneath, base rounded or sligh

Cisocheton.] — xxxvii. MELIACE®. (W. P. Hiern.) 553

vated, panicles short supra-axillary, fruit subglabrous subglobose or ellip-
soidal-3-2-ribbed,
. EASTERN Benoa; in Cachar, R. L. Keenan.
À tree with the shoots softly and shortly velvety. Leaves about 18 in.; leaflets
8 by 14-2} in., dark green, subglabrous above, lateral veins 15-24 on each side of
midrib ; petiolules 3-1 in. Fruiting panicles 3 in. long; fruit orange-coloured,
1-14 in. long, base shortly stipitate. Seeds nearly 1 in. long, hile 4 in. diam. near
© apex; cotyledons somewhat peltate.

8. SANDORICUM, Cav.

Trees, Leaves trifoliolate, coriaceous ; leaflets quite entire, the lateral
ones shortly and the terminal one long-petiolulate. Flowers 5-merous, in
axillary panicles, yellow or whitish. Calyx cup-shaped, with short lobes
imbricated in bud ; base of the tube adnate to the ovary. Petals imbri-
cated, spreading. Staminal tube tubular, nearly as long as the petals,

thed at the apex ; anthers 10 or 8, included. Disk cup-shaped, sheathing
he Ovary and base of the style, laciniate. Ovary 5-celled, adnate to the

yx below, attenuate into the style above, cells opposite the calyx-lobes,
each with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; style cylindrical or columnar,
nearly the length of the staminal tube, crowned by a slightly elevated
Pandular ring, stigmas 5 short linear subacute or truncate. Berry supe-
Yor, globular, fleshy, indehiscent, 3-5-celled and -seeded; flesh edible.
included in a papery aril, pulpy outside.—DrsTRIB. A genus of about

"Decies limited to India and the Malayan Archipelago, one species being

tivated over an extensive area,

1. S. indicum, Cav, Diss. (vii.) p. 359, tt. 202, 203 ; shoots panicles and
lower Surface of leaves at east iu? e veins tawny-velvety, leaflets elliptic
Ot ovate-orbicular shortly acuminate or apiculate, base unequally obtuse,

wers clustered subsessile. in ample much branched panicles small yel-
owish Sweet-scented, calyx shortly pubescent. W. £ A. Prodr. i. 120: Bedd.
i al. Gen. lv. ; Adr, Juss. in Mém, Mus. xix. t. 16, £ 15; Drury Fl. Ind.
pe Hassk. Retzia, i. 146 ; Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. t. 261; FL Ind, ii. 392 ;
Pa Cat. 1949, S. nervosum, Blume Byd. 163. S. ternatum, Blanco FT.
P - £d. L 316. S glaberrimum, Hassk. ketzia, i. 145. Trichilia nervosa,
Syst Symb. i. 31. Melia Koetjape, Burm. Fl. Ind. 101. T. venosa, Spreng.
- UL 68.

aya PENINsULA ; from Rangoon and Tenasserim (var. 8 velutina) to Penang.
troduced in the Western Peninsula.—Distris. Malayan Islands. ‘ele 1
ee ofty tree, Leaves 6-18 in.; leaflets 3-8 by 14-48 in.; common petio °, i-
dit Flowers + in. long; calyx about Jy in. Stigmas truncate. Frut a ai in,
Th mi pulp fleshy, acid, with a peculiar smell.—The Burmese eat the raw mi 7
sare are two varieties known at Sincapore, according to Captain Blomfield, under the

au] etive names of “ Santól" and “ Kachápee;" they differ in the.fruit like the apple

by Po" in appearance and flavour.—S. serratum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 680, differing
Y ts repand-crenate leaflets, may belong to this species.

28 emargin jer»; glab leaflets obovate or elliptic
"n atum, Hiern; glabrous ]
later ginate usually mucronulate rigid, base obtusely narrowed oblique,
fruit cys feeble, panicles short dense, pedicels shorter than the flowers,
obovoid very shortly tomentose.

LACQA Mainga . x4 :
Leaves 5-7 i it te -2 in.; petiolules j-to 4 in., the terminal one

‘articulated See deat ur.) Wu LUN sir enlarged and persistent in fruit.

$54 XXXVII. MELIACEJE. (W. P. Hiern.) — [Sandoricum.

Staminal tube terminating in 8 or 10 subglabrate emarginate lobes. Flowers š in.
long. Fruit (immature?) $ in. long.

3. S. Maingayi, Hiern; subglabrous, leaves elliptic subacuminate,
base obtuse, lateral nerves strong above depressed beneath, panicles shorter
than the leaves, pedicels equalling the flowers mostly exceeding the subulate
bracteoles, calyx fleshy obscurely toothed very minutely pilose.

Maracca, Maingay. : A

A tree. Leaves about 6-8 in.; leaflets 2-5 by 11-3 in.; petiolules £ in.; terminal
one quasi-articulated near apex, 14-13 in. Flowers j-8 in. long. Calyx 4-3 in. long.
Petals white tinged with pink, glabrous, marked outside with pale glandular dots.
Staminal tube ventricose-cylindrical, contracted at the throat, ribbed externally and
5-lobed near the apex, each lobe obtusely 4-toothed, the 2 central teeth larger. Anthers
ahorita. Stigma subacute.—Cfr. S. borneense, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat.
iv. 33. i

9, AGLAIA, Lour.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous lepidote or stellately pubescent, Leaves pinnate
or trifoliolate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers polygamo-dicecious, MNU,
or small, numerous, paniculate, subglobose. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricated 1n
bud. Petals 5, concave, short, imbricated. Staminal tube urceolate or SU
globose, 5-toothed at the apex or entire ; anthers 5, included or half-exserte ;
erect. Disk inconspicuous. Ovary ovoid or shortly so, 1-3-celled, wi
2-1 ovules in each cell; style very short. Berry dry, 1-2-celled and -seed
Seeds with a fleshy integument.—Disrrip, Species about 50, inhabiting
Ẹhins, the Malay islands and the islands of the Pacific ocean, as We

a.

Milnea? racemosa, Roemer Synops. i. 98 (Nyalelia racemosa, Dennstedt Schliiss.
Hort. Mal. 23. Nyalel, Reede Fort. Mal. iv. g 1o, has, according to the figure, the
structure of the stamens incompatible with the Order Meliacee.

Sect. I. Shoots leaves and inflorescence lepidote or glabrous.
* Leaflets 3-5, rarely 7.
t Inflorescence lax, pedicels slender, about equalling the flowers.

1, A. odorata, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 173; glabrous or quickly becoming
so, leaflets obovate or oblong obtuse shortly petiolulate terminal e
longest, base cuneate, panicles rather lax, flowers on slender pedicels ^ us.
as long as themselves, ovary hairy. ight Ic. t. 511; Mig, Ann. L1
Lugd.- Bat. iv. 48; Wall. Cat. 1275; Adr. Juss. in Mém. Mus. xix. t. M 2
Camunium sinense, Rumph. Amb, v. 28, t. 18, f. 1. C. chinense,, 76 '
Hort. Beng. 18; Fl Ind. i 636. Opilia odorata, Spr. Syst. Veg. L |
Murraya exotica, Reinw. ex M iq. l.e. A. pentaphylla, Kurz ex Mg: <À

EASTERN PENINSULA ; Malacca, Penang, and Sincapore ; (CEYLON, culti.) Dish
Siam, Java, China. > | ith stel-

An elegant shrub or small leafy tree ; extremities of young shoots covered wit t
late ferruginous scales. Leaves 2-6 in.; leaflets 1-3 by 4-13 in. Flowers y is
rant, y's in. diam.—Often cultivated for its sweet-scented flowers.

tt Inflorescence dense ; pedicels very short. s
w
f

2. A. khasiana, Hiern ; leaves narrowly elliptical obtusely narro oe
towards both ends glabrescent on rather long petiolules, panicles short
ruginous, branches short patent, flowers subsessile not minute. p. HY.

Kasia Mrs, ; alt, 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. & T, T.; (? Sikkim, Himalaya, J: D. 29"

E. ÍIÍÓ 9ÀÓ— ÍÓÓ—— Wa à

Aglaia, } XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W.P. Hiern.) 555

Shoots and inflorescence lepidote. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 4-8 by 1-2 in.; petio-
les j-lin. Flowers 4-4 in. diam. Fruit? glabrous, 1 in. diam.

3 A.? andamanica, Hiern; leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite
aw e-elliptical obtusely acuminate rounded or obtuse at the base sparsely
epidote, inflorescence shorter than the leaves, pedicels very short, fruit
pale tawny lepidote somewhat pear-shaped. Milnea (sp.), Kurz Andam.
eP. p. 1v. ; Ed. 2, 33,
G Sours AnDaman ISLANDS; in the Jungles between Port Mouat and Homfray’s
at, not rare. Burmese name, Tau-ahnyeen, Kurz. .
A tree, 30-40 ft. high; indumentum pallid. Leaves 10 in.; leaflets 34-5 by 2 in.;
petiole 4-4 in. Fruit 1-8 in. by 4-8 in.

4 A. apiocarpa, Hiern ; leaflets 5-7 rather narrowly and unequally
elliptic obtusely acuminate base cuneate, younger ones lepidote below
labrescent, inflorescence shorter than the leaves with short spreading
ranches and shortly pedicellate small flowers, fruit pyriform reddish-
town lepidote. Milnea apiocarpa, Z'kw. Enum. 60.

Cerros ; in the central provinces, alt. 3-6000 ft. . . .
à Small tree. Leaves 6-16 in.; leaflets 2-8 by 2-3 in.; petiolules 4-¥ in.; in-
EE by gy pd dish-brown. Flowers 4 in. diam., about equalling the pedicels. Fruit
-=s Oy d-bin. `

5% A. Roxburghiana, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 41; leaflets

Jarely 7 or 3 more or less e iptic obtuse glabrescent sometimes acu-
minate base usually cuneate shortly petiolulate, panicles rather supra-
fem 8 Pyramidal elongate, flowers shortly pedicellate, fruit subglobose
An sinous-lepidote. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 130 (excl. synon. Thw.);
nt Gen. lv. Milnea Roxburghiana, W. € A. Prodr. i. 119 ; Drury I nd.
qa 164 ; Wight Ic. t. 166 (M. Roxburghii). A. lepidota, Mig, Fl. Ind.-Bat.
peel 197, 507. A. Spanoghei, Bl. ex Mig. Ann. l.c. Aglaia (spe. Sangian),
QU. et Binnend, Cat. Hort. Bogor. 211. Walsura? lanceolata, Wall.

at. 4886. A. grata, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 136. A. midnapo-
tensis, Carey ex Voigt. l.c. Cfr. Aglaia? sp., Wall. Cat. n. 9039 ; Meliacea
‘ngapureana, Wall. Cat. 4887. Dimocarpus, Wall. Cat. 8050. à
; ' ESTERN PENINSULA. Joncan and Midnapore southwards ; CEYLON, ascend-
ps to 6000 ft. ; Simcancne Wallick, (? Tenasserim abe the Andaman Islds., Helfer í
other Map oh and Malacca, Grifith & Maingay).—Distxs. Java, Sumatra, an

alay Islands. A

A large tree; indumentum ferruginous. Leaves 3-7 in. ; leaflets 14-43 by 8-2 in. ;
frtolales Yo-$in. Flowers } in. diam.; calyx dull yellow, often covered with stellate
ADS Petals yellow, Fruit i in. diam., edible, buff-coloured, very minutely pilose.

tele minutely pilose.

" Leaflets 7-9,
a A. Slabriflora, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 7-9 subopposite or alternate
here acuminate base cuneate shortly petiolulate, panieles ample rather
the shorter than or about equalling the leaves, pedicels about equalling

ye Prous flowers, staminal tube turbinate.

PACCA; on Mt. Ophir, Grifith, Maingay. . . .

» ole plant nearly P area es (adn leaflets 2 by L in.; petiolules g- in.
els slender, fsz-à in. Flowers +, in. long or less. Fruit size ot cherries, white,

7. A. Walli ern ; arts sparsely lepidote, leaflets 7-9
Opposite or "uyapi e ia D S lins bu Tanceolate-oblong acuminate

556 XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W.P. Hiern.) [ Aglaia.

base obtuse margins slightly undulated, petiolules short much branci
panicles rather supra-axillary shorter than or about equalling tbe " "d ,
pedicels rather slender about equalling the flowers, calyx le dote ne
ciliate, corolla glabrous, staminal tube urceolate. Sapindus iepidovis,
Wall. Cat. 8036.

Siruet, Wallich, Griffith. . . :
Leaves 5-8 in.; leaflets 13-4 by 4-1} in.; petiolules 3-4 in. Inflorescence 3-5 1n.
long ; flowers 44 in. diam.

*** Leaflets 9-13 or more,

8. A. perviridis, Hiern ; leaflets 11-13 opposite oblong acuminate
glabrous shining base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles pyram cp,
elongated many-flowered lepidote, lowers very small, staminal tube
globose.

Kuasia Mrs., Grifith, J. D. H. & T. T., alt. 2000 ft. (Milnea, No. 8).

A tree of 40 ft. ; M. and buds deep green. Leaves about 1 ft.; leaflets 32
by 3-14 in.; petiolule 14 in. Panicles nearly as long as the leaves; o obably
minute, nearly glabrous.—Specimens from Sikkim, collected by Dr. Hooker, Feruiting
belong to this species; they have leaves 1-13 ft., leaflets 3-8 by 1-24 m.»
panicles 4-9 in. long, fruits ellipsoidal about 1 in. long, seeds nearly as long.

9. A. crassinervia, Kurz in litt. ad Hook. f. ;, leaflets 9 oF 7 Tes
opposite or subopposite oblong obtuse at both ends with miny 9 yrà-
beneath shortly petiolulate, petioles angular, panicles supra-axi'ary P
midal elongated many-flowered lepidote-ferruginous, flowers minute.

TEwassEnrM, Helfer. :

Leaves 18 in, i more; leaflets 6-10 by 2-23 in.; lateral veins about 20 ake
side of midrib with which they make a large angle; petiolule à in., term
4-iin. Panicles 10-15 in. or more long.

Sect. IL. Shoots leavesand inflorescence stellate-pubescent or tomentose.
* Flowers shortly pedicelled,

10. A. edulis, 4. Gray in Bot, U. S. Explor. Exped. i, 237 ; leaflet? vind
opposite or subopposite elliptic or oblong obtuse or acuminate shortly "e
lulate subglabrescent or scattered beneath as well as the shoot t hairs,
cence and fruit with ferruginous scales mixed sometimes with ste lla te fruit
panicles pyramidal shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicella edulis,
subglobose edible. Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat, iv. 49. Milnes egy y
Roxb . Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. i. 637 ; Drury Ind, Fl. i 164 ranis
Cat. 1279. Camunium bengalense, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. l.c. Cfr.

(sp.) Wall. Cat. 8067, letter B not A.

Eastery BENGAL; Silhet, Wallich, J. D. H. & T. T. (Milnea, sp. 17);
Simon).—Distrip, Borneo, Fiji Islds. . iolule 3-3 in,

A tree of middling size. Leaves 3-2 ft.; leaflets 2-9 by 1-3 in.; petiou olent ine
Flowers small Fruit more than 1 in. diam. according to Roxburgh ; rati mes wi
tegument of the seed eaten.—A. sexipetala, Griff. Notul. iv. 505, srr he authentic
6 petals and with rather fleshy leaflets, appears to belong to this species. The 905 ith's

: .

specimen in Herb, Kew. has leaves with 8-9 leaflets, not trifoliolate as given In
description. .

ll. A, tenuicaulis, Hiern ; indumentum rufous-stellate, d and
or more alternate shortly acuminate rounded or pe duis eiu small
sometimes minutely peltate at the base shortly petiolulate, Ho

(? Assam

Aglaia.] XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 557

shortly pedicellate arranged in ample many-flowered pyramidal panicles
shorter than the leaves, fruits in short panicles ellipsoidal,

Pexawa? top of the hill, Maingay. (? Sincapore, Lobb.)

A tree of 8 ft. with slender stem. Leaves 3 ft. or more ; leaflets glaucescent above,
6-11 by 3-4 in.; petiolule 1-1 in. Inflorescence 6-12 in. long. Fruit 4 in. long.

Specimens from Sincapore, collected by Lobb, with ovate-oblong leaves and short
dense ps panicles, probably belongs to this species.—Maingay’s specimens are
marked as “ from top of hill” simply, Penang being probably intended.

12. A. minutiflora, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. i. 44, t. 193 ; pubescence
ferruginous- or rufous-stellate, leaflets 7-15 opposite or subopposite narrowly
elliptic or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base subcordate rounded or sub-
cuneate, panicles divaricately branched many-flowered, flowers shortly
pedicelled, fruit subglobose 1-2-seeded. A. polyantha, Bedd. l.c. Euphora
exstipulatis, Grif. Notul. iv. 547.

A handsome slender tree of 25 or 40 ft. with hard wood. Leaves 6-24 in. or more;
eaflets 2-7 by 2-21 in., stellate-hairy beneath, glabrescent above except midrib. Pa-
icles half to all the length of the leaves. Fruit 8-1 by 4-j in.

ere are two forms, possibly distinct species. .

% travancorica; leaflets usually subcordate, flowers à, in. thick, corolla subglabres-
cent.—Courtallum, Wight; Travancor, Western Ghats, alt. 2-3500 ft., Beddome.

* Grifithii ; leaflets subcuneate or rounded at the base sometimes with pe!lucid dots,
flowers minute, “ cotyledons amygdaloid superposed, radicle imbedded between the
cotyledons its apex perpendicular to the ventral face of the seed its opposite pole deli-
eately pilose” (Haingay mss.).—Tenasserim and Malacca, Griffith, Maingay.

** Flowers clustered in small spikes.

13. A. cordata, Hiern ; pubescence rufous-stellate, leaflets subsessile
vdliptie opposite finely acuminate, base more or less cordate, flowers
Small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a pyramidal panicle
ly equalling or shorter than the leaves.

Ioa cca, Maingay. I . -

Fon, 12-18 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 2-34 in. Panicles 5-10 in. long or more.
Po l. Calyx glabrous.

ORM 2, Calyx hirsute.

l4. A. palemba Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl.i 507; Ann. Mus.
luy]. Bap iv. 5. mabevoenes rufous-stellate, leaffets 11-13 opposite or
ln Pposite elliptic acuminate somewhat cuneate at the base shortly petio-
ulate, flowers small sessile in little spike-like clusters arranged on a
rami al panicle rather shorter than the leaves, fruit de resso-globose.
Ti 'Ppannas, Mig. l.c. 506. A. tomentosa, Teysm. & Binn. in Nat.
Ulchr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 43.

ALACCA, Gri ; — B. Sumatra and S. Borneo. .
peii in 6-12 Th Monge Valor iu in., minutely pellucid-punctate (Maingay) ;

olule 3-3 in. Panicles 44-9 in. long.

10. LANSIUM, Rumph.
Trees,

glabrous or pubescent. Leaves odd-pinnate with quite entire
dierhate or opposite P shortly tiolulate leaflets. Mowers polygamo-
Tace lous, 5-merous, axillary, male usually paniculate, the female spicate-

Mose, Sepals rounded, imbricated. Petals rounded, connivent, imbri-

558 XXXVII. MELIACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Lansium.

cated, Staminal tube globose, crenulated ; anthers 10, obtuse, usually in
two rows, the shorter ones included, the longer partly exserted pee
apiculate. Disk obsolete. Ovary globose, 3-5-celled ; cells eorn
style very short, thick, stigma truncate 3-5-lobed. Fruit baccate, M 1l 2
1-5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, with ventral hile, invest Pd

ulpy aril, exalbuminous.—DisTRre. A genus of scarcely more than
following 4 species, confined to India and the Malay Archipelago.

The juicy envelope of the seeds is the part eaten, and the taste is cooling and
pleasant.

* Leaflets 3-5.

1, L. anamalayanum, Zeddome in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxv. naa
Pl. Ind. Or. 104; Fl. Sylvat. t. 131; leaflets alternate elliptic obtuse:
acuminate base cuneate glabrous except occasionally hairy glan " ell
of veins beneath, sepals shortly ciliate, ovary strigose 3-lobed and -c
cells 2-ovuled, fruit oblong, radicle pubescent. : iis

WESTERN PENINSULA; common in the moist woods on the Anamallay bills, an
the Wynaad, alt. about 2000 ft., Beddome. Fn

A good-sized tree. Leaves 6-9 in.; leaflets 3-44 by 14-2 in. ; petiolule j-3 in. 226
maphrodite flowers sessile, about 4 in. diam. Fruit as big as a large grape. he

2. A. pedicellatum, Hiern ; leaflets 3-5 alternate or eon
elliptic acuminate glabrous base oblique obtuse or cuneate, ? ka rtly
short simple or branched at the base, flowers pedicelled, ovary §
tomentose 4-celled,

Matacca, Maingay. ur

Shoots pale brown, obsoletely lepidote. Leaves 9-12 in.; leaflets 3-6 by a
petiolule tin long 9 Inflorescence 1-2 in. long; pedicels $-& in. long.
fruit subglobose, fleshy, shortly tomentose, 4 in. diam.

3. L. cinereum, Hiern; leaflets 3-5 opposite elliptic obtusely d
minate base cuneate coriaceous glabrous shining except the veins, 8e
short, ovary hairy 5-celled, cells 1-ovuled.

Maracca, Maingay. -$

Branches cinereous, tawny-pubescent at the extremities. Leaves 3-5 m. de

allid, 2-34 by $-14 in. ; petiolule i-gin. Hermaphrodite spikes nearly equ
eaves. Longer anthers apiculate,

** Leaflets 6-8,

4. L. domesticum, Jack in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 115, t. 1V. E ael!
leaflets alternate elliptic oblong or obovate abruptly shortly an shining
acuminate more or less narrowed at the base reticulate coriaceous hrodite
nearly or quite glabrous, petiolules tumid at the base, hern rolate
spikes springing from the trunk and naked branches solitary or ells 1-2
pubescent shorter than the leaves, ovary tomentose 5-celled, €
ovuled. Corréa de Serra in Ann. Mus. x. 157, t. 7, f. 1. n India, and pet

MALACCA, Griffith (Maingay, cult.) —Distris. Widely cultivated in h to B
haps spontaneous in the Malay Archipelago. Philippine Islands, acco 4

A tree. Leaves 9-18 in. long; leaflets 4-8 by 2—4 in. ; petiolules 4-4 1 According
sessile or subsessile. Fruit 1-1} in. long, yellowish, turbinate-ellipso1ca:
to Griffith the spikes are proliferous at the apex. :
Griff. Notul. iv. M

L. javanieum, Roemer Synops. Monogr. i. 99; Aglaia Dookkoo, ask. Bette

L. aqueum, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 34; and L. humile,

Lansium.] XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 559

"ov. i. 121, are probably also varieties of this cultivated species. L. silvestre,
Roemer, l.c. according to Miquel, l.c. scarcely belongs to Meliacez ; the plant intended
by this name has been referred by De Candolle to Cookia punctata, Retz.

11. AMOORA, Roxb.

Trees, Zeaves usually unequally-pinnate ; leaflets oblique quite entire
axillary subdicecious, paniculate ; female spicate or racemose. Calyx 3-5-
partite or -fid. Petals 3-5, thick, concave, imbricated, rarely slightly com-

med at the base. Staminal tube subglobose or campanulate, incon-
Spicuously 6-10-crenate; anthers 6-10, included. Disk obsolete. Ovary
sessile, short, 3-5-celled; cells 1-2-ovuled; stigma sessile, or style elon-
gated in A. Championii, Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 3-4-celled and
seeded, loculicidally 3-5-valved. Seeds in a fleshy aril, with ventral hile.—
DisrRm, A genus of about 15 species occurring only in India and the
Malay, Archipelago, and also 1 endemic species in Australia.

Secr. T. Style short ; staminal tube subglobose or turbinate.

* Panicles spicate, male branched, female simple or branched ; flowers sub-
€ Staminal tube 6-toothed ; anthers 6.

l. A. Rohituka, WW. A. Prodr. i. 119; young parts tawny closely
Pubescent in most cases quickly glabrescent leafy, leaflets 9-15 more or less
eliptic or ovate acuminate opposite base usually obtuse shortly petiolulate,

owers white bracteate subsessile, male spikes panicled, female simple,
yx 5-partite, petals 3, anthers 6, ovary 3-c elled with 2 superposed ovules
Ih each cel], edd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 132 (but pedicels 1— in. long); Bran-

5 For. Fl. 69. Andersonia Rohituka, Aoxb. Hort. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii.
213: Roxb, Drawings in Hb. Kew. tt. 934, 1897. Sphzerosaeme polystachya,
Vall. Cat. 1277, Aglaia ? polystachya, Wall. in Rox^. FI. Ind. ed. Carey,
1. 429. S. spicata, Wall. Cat. 4895, Buchanania spicata Hb. Roxb. ex Wall. l.c.
Meliacea Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4888. | Amoora macrophylla, Nimmo in
Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 31. Andersonia Rohitoca, Grif. Notul. iv. 507 ; Ic.

l. Asiat. iv. t, 589, f. 3.

Assam, Sinner, Cacnar, Oupa, WESTERN PENINSULA from Concan to Travancore,
TesAssERIM and the ANDAMAN Istanps, MALACCA, Ceytoy.—Distris, Malay Archi-
Pelago, Philippine Tslds.

An evergreen tree with a large crown of branches. Leaves 1-3 ft.; leaflets 3-9
] in. Male panicles equalling or shorter than the leaves, female about half the
ength of the leaves: male flowers 3, female } in. long. Stigma trigonous, angles
Opposite the calyx-lobes. Fruit smooth, pale yellow or reddish, 1-14 in. diam., scarcely
attenuate at the base, rather soft and fleshy, 3-celled, 3-valved.—The seeds supply an
economic oi] Co]. Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica, t. 132, figures and describes under

18 name a form from the Anamallay hills with shortly pedicelled flowers, the pedicels
pouring 3-lin.long. A plant gathered by Dr. Hooker in the Sikkim Terai and
ipe UE with very large leaves, the leaflets measuring 12-15 by 3-6 in., may belong

Species,

™ Flowers panicled, not spicate.
* Petals 3. Anthers 6-10.
: Leaflets 3-6, alternate or subalternate.

2 A. chittagonga, Hiern; young parts calyx and fruit lepidote,
leaflets 3-6 Alternate. and ubaltersiase narrowly elliptic acuminate sub-

560 XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Amoora.

glabrescent, base more or less narrowed, panicles racemose rather lax much
shorter than the leaves, calyx cup-shaped 3-toothed, petals. 3, anthers 6,
ovary 2-celled, fruit obovoid. Aglaia chittagonga, Mig. in Ann. Mus
Lugd.-Bat. iv. 44.—Meliacea, Griff. Itin. Notes 168.

BnorAw and Upper Assam, Grifith; the Kuasia Mrs., Currracone, J. D. B.é
T. T. (Milnea, No. 18); Peau, Kurz. mr

A tree. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 3-8 by 1-3 in.; petiolule ¿— in. Flowers ham
long, pedicelled. Fruit (immature?) 8 in. long, longitudinally ridged, 2-celled.

3. A. canarana, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 335; young parts inflo-
rescence calyx and fruit lepidote, leaflets 4-6 alternate or subalternate
narrowly elliptic acuminate glabrate above usually punctate-lepidote
beneath, base more or less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles pyram?
much branched shorter than the leaves, flowers shortly pedicel ed, cal
4-5-toothed cup-shaped ebracteate, corolla 3- (-4) -partite, staminal hc:
truncate, anthers 6 (-7) included or slightly exserted, ovary 3-celled, cells
2-ovuled, fruit obovoid. Oraoma canarana, Z'urcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose.
1858, 1. 411.

WESTERN PENINSULA, from Canara, Stocks, to the Anamallay hills, Beddome. ,
2 Leaves 6-14 in. ; leaflets 3-6 by 14-24 in. ; petiolule à-j in. Fruit (immature
$ in. long.

Tt Leaflets 3-13 opposite or subopposite.

4, As cucullata, Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. 54, t. 258; subglabrous, leaflets 3-13
opposite or subopposite obliquely ovate-oblong obtuse at both ~ 8
gl brous shining firm terminal one often hooded at theapex, male pem

ooping about, as long as the leaves with numerous diverging brane -
sparingly lepidote, female racemes: few-flowered, calyx 3-lobed, petals 3,
anthers 6 (+8), ovary 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled, fruit subglobose 3-lo 64,
3-celled 3-valved. Dalz. d Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 37; Drury Ind. Fl. i 1
Andersonia cucullata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 87 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 212. Sphzerosacm?
Rohituka, Wall. Cat. 1278, excl. syn. S, 1 laxa, Wall. Cat. 4894. S. pani-
culata, Wall. Herb. ez Mig. Ann. Mus, Lugd.-Dat. iv. 37. | Amoora aurt
culata, Mig. fide Miq. l.c.

Lower Bencar, in the Sunderbunds, and in Nrpar, Wallich; King's Islan
Aypamans, Helfer. bes

A tree of considerable size and slow growth with cinereous bark and smooth p er.
Leaves 6-16in.; leaflets 3-74 by 14-24 in. ; petiolule 4-3 in. or terminal one qq :
Mate fl. jin. yellow. Bracts caducous, 2 at the base of the calyx. Stamina ith a
turbinate or subglobose. Capsule 2} in. diam, „Seeds three-quarters covered vi
fleshy bright orange-coloured aril.

d in the

5. A. lanceolata, Hiern; subglabrous, leaflets about 17 opposite y
tubopposite approximated lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous s: the
base obtuse lateral veins inconspicuous, male panicles nearly eq r. ‘ust
leaves, flowers 3-merous shortly pedicelled, calyx trifid, anthers J

included, ovary in the male flowers rudimentary.
Matacca, Maingay. I 6-
Shoots angular at the apex, leafy and with numerous axillary panicles. Ter tube
10 in. ; leaflets 2-3 by 4-3 in.; petiolule 4-4 in. Flowers very small. pu mi
globosely cup-shaped, 6-lobed; lobes ovate, obtuse, minutely apiculate. 0k
nutely and very sparingly pilose. Stigmas 3, sessile, linear-trigonous, glabro

Aj

Amora, | XXXVII. MELIACER. (W.P. Hiern.) 561

6. A. rubiginosa, Grif mss. under Aphanamixis ; ferruginous on
young parts calyx lower surface of leaves &c., leaflets numerous approxi-
mated subopposite ovate-oblong acuminate very shortly petiolulate some-
What farinaceous base conduplicate deeply cordate, lateral nerves numerous
Sbparallel spreading, panicles pyramidal base bulbous, flowers racemose

"wayk calyx companulate trifid, anthers 6, ovary 3-celled, cells
ed.

Maacca ; Griffith, Maingay. .

À big tree, large in all its parts. P>tioles thickened at base ; leaflets 3-9 by 1-24 in.
r larger, Panicles 9-18 in. long ; flowers } in. long, calyx š in. long, petals orange-
Yellow, aperture of the stamina] tube very small. Ovules superposed.

+ Petals 3. Anthers 8 or 10,

7. A. spectabilis, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iv. 37 ; leaflets
11-13 opposite or subopposite oblong acutely subacuminate glabrescent
shining giaucescent beneath petiolulate base obtuse, male panicles pedun-
n With alternate unequal branches, calyx stellate-puberulent obtusely

lobed Short, petals 3 imbricated substellate-velutinous along the back,

al tube urceolate glabrous shortly and obtusely 8-dentate, anthers 8
(91) sublinear acute subexserted. at the apex, fruit obovoid-pyriform.
à spectabilis, Hort. Calcutt. ex Mig. Le.

soos, Io Clelland,
tdumentum of young parts lepidote and mixed with stellate tawny hairs. Leaves
m. long; petioles angular ; Rafet 4-8 by 14-2 in.; petiolules }-§ in. Male

"e nearly 13 ft. long, female short. Fruit 13-13 by 1-18 in. D I
i description of the flowers is taken from Miquel, that of the fruit is given from a
*n in Hb. Kew. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870),
lares that the species as described by Miquel is identical with the male plant of A.

Dor Roxb. Spherosacme spectabilis, Wall. ea Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 136,

Pal, may be a synonym.

& A. rubescens Hiern ; leaflets 13-15 opposite oblong subacuminate
s Hiern ; leafle pposite oblon
M obtuse glabrate base obtuse, panicles supra-axillary divaricately Hii paci
ub] ed near the ends ofthe branches, pedicels short, petals 3, staminal tu
stobose crenulate, anthers 10 linear, stigma conical sulcate.
NCAPORE, Maingay.
lla 38 parts and inflorescence puberulent. Leaves 13-23 ft. long; leaflets 37 by
us n., lateral nerves about 10 on each side of midrib, depressed beneath; petiolules
ne Panicles 1-1 ft. long, many-flowered; flowers 75 in. diam. Calyx short, irre-
Shcelled thed. Petals and staminal tube glabrous. Disk annular. Ovary hairy,

Mt Petals 4. Anthers 8.

3 A. La i ; pallid, young parts
: wii, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL i. 335; palid, young pat
Paticles calyces and fruit (root leaflets 3-5 alternate or subopposite
O less less elliptic obtusely acuminate nearly or quite glabrous ase more
tiem, rowed, panicles pyramidal falling short of the eaves, - owers
tee oe, calyx short truncate 4-toothed, petals 4, anthers 8 rare y , ovary
Epi èd cells 1-ovuled fruit 3-valved pear-shaped. Bedd. Pl. Sylv. t. 133.
“aris exarillata immo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 31. Nimmonia Lawii,
Sy . Journ. Nat. Hist. vii, 13. Nemedra Nimmonii, Dalz, in
Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 37. Se

562 XXXVII. MELIACEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Amoora.

Western PENINSULA, from the Concan to Malabar. . 5
A middling-sized tree; scales yellowish brown. Leaves 6-9 in. long ; heit.
by 14-2 in., axils of lateral veins sometimes with hairy gland-like excrescences (ga 2),
petiolules 3-4 in. Flowers 7-4 in. long, white, rarely 5-merous. Fruit lm. long,

abounding in white resinous juice.

tttt Petals 5. Anthers 10.

10. A. Maingayi, Hiern ; subglabrous, leaflets 3-4 elliptic obtusely
acuminate glabrous shining above alternate or subopposite base more or
less narrowed shortly petiolulate, panicles shorter than the leaves, reso
pentamerous, calyx short cleft, anthers 10 included, ovary minutely hirsu
3-celled, stigmas 3 connate sessile. :

Maracca, Maingay.

Leaves mE “6 in. long; leaflets very minutely péllucid-punctate, 3-4 by
114 in. Flowers à, in. long; petals slightly adherent at their base to the stai
tube.

1l. A. decandra, Hiern ; leaflets 7-13 opposite oblong acumina
base somewhat cuneate or nearly rounded subglabrescent, Opposite
membranous, sepals very short, anthers 10, ovary (3-) 5-celle de
1-ovuled, fruit globose-obovoid 5-furrowed umbilicate 5-celled and b E
Aglaia? decandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 427. Sp sium
sacme fragrans, Wall. l.c. 429 ; Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 135, M" n
Gp) W. &£ A. Prodr. i, 119 ; Benth, & Hook, f. Gen, Pl. i. 334. 8. deca:

all. Cat. 1276.

Nira, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft., Hb. Grifith, J.D.H. ; MALAYAN ree
SULA, Maingay. 11-8 by

A large spreading tree with thick trunk. Leaves about 1 ft. long ; leaflets ery frä-
by $-2 m.; petiolules short. Male panicles equalling the leaves; fomes very
grant, on slender pedicels. Petals 5. Fruit about 13 in. diameter, capsu ar.

+

ts 4-6
ubcor-

Secr. II. Style long.

12. A.? Championii, Benth. d: Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 330; leale
abruptly pinnate opposite oboyate-cuneate glabrous and shining ni
iaceous without prominent nerves shortly petiolulate apex rounce", Paves
supra-axillary slightly puberulent about half the length of blo very
flowers pedicelled tetramerous oblong, calyx short, petals % one apex
slightly or scarcely imbricated in bud at length spreading or Te bese
obtusely pointed, staminal tube widely tubular obtusely dentate Jabrous
inside near apex 8 equal short 2-celled anthers in one row, ovary ae y 3s
4-celled cells 1- (or 2- cf. fig. in Hb. Kew.) ovuled, style columnar, De. e pm
long as the staminal tube, stigma capitate, disk 0, fruit globose DY Bedd.
1-2-seeded, seeds exalbuminous with aril, Zhwaites nume, ir. 6l
Anal, Gen. lv. Dysoxylon Championii, Hook. f. & Thoms. €x !

CrvLox ; Central province, up to 4000 ft. alt., Thwaites. X -Jule in.

A large tree, with leaves 47 in. long ; leaflets 2-4 by 3-13 in.; potiolules F3 by
Flowers yellowish, } in. long. Fruit 1 in. long.—Differs from the type 8 Mr. Kur?
the elongated style and by abruptly pinnate leaves. Perhaps a new ee i
(in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72, 1870) declares it to be a species

to Carapa (Xylocarpus) carnosula, Zoll.

Walsura.] XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 563

12. WALSURA, hoxb.

Trees. Leaves 1-5-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, pale beneath.
anicles axillary and terminal ; flowers small hermaphrodite. Calyx short,
-fid or -partite, imbricated. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, spreading, slightly
Wnbricated or subvalvate. Filaments 10 or 8, linear or subulate, free or
connate in a tube ; anthers terminal or inserted in the notch at the apex of

e filament. Disk usually annular, fleshy. Ovary short, 2-3-celled, im-
bedded in the disk, style rather short; stigma turbinate-capitate, 2-3-
entate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit baccate, shortly tomentose, inde-
hiscent, 1- rarely 2-celled and -seeded ; seed inclosed in a fleshy aril, exal-
ummous.—DIsTRIB. Genus of about 10 species limited to India and the
Indian Archipelago. Occasionally, accurding to Kurz, the petals are in-
creased to 8 and the stamens to 15.

Imperfect specimens from Silhet ( Wallich, n. 8113), with short spicate inflorescence
and with trifoliolate leaflets, the terminal one on a long petiolule, appear to differ from
* Known species of the genus. W. trichostemon, Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-
iV. 60, from Siam, is said to differ from the undermentioned by its pilose anthers;

r. Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxix. ii. 72 (1870) unites it with W. villosa, Wall.

Stor. IL Euwalsura. Filaments linear.
* Leaflets solitary.

1. W. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 61 ; leaflet solitary elliptic-oblong
obtusely acuminate glabrous whitish beneath, base obtusely narrowed,
ctiolule short articulated to the longer petiole, filaments free hairy apex

id, anthers between the teeth of the filaments, fruit obovoid ellipsoidal
"Pete base narrow. Bedd. Anal. Gen. lvi.

Certon ; in the Central province, alt. 2-4000 ft. — . . :

Small tree of 10-12 ft. Leaflets 8-9 by 13-24 in.; petiolule ,4-4 in. Petiole
“an. Petals somewhat imbricated. Fruit 1 in. long, covered with a short tomentum.

** Leaflets 3-5.

* Filaments connate half way or more.

is w. tubulata, /iern ; leaflets 3 ovate- or elliptic-oblong obtusely
üminate shining above glaucous beneath quite glabrous, base somewhat
tube ed, panicles scarcely equalling the leaves, calyx partite, staminal
lob glabrous outside thinly pubescent inside equally 10-lobed at apex,
€s bifid receiving the apiculate anthers within the notches.

Sirr Hitataya and Kiasia Mrs., Herb. Grifith.

h B : -15 in.; leaflets 3-9 by
ljg; 4nd petioles rough with lenticular specks. Leaves 8-15 in.; lea
H .; petiolules 3-4 im, or the terminal ones longer. Flowers $ in. long.

3, W. ternata., £o 90: FI Ind. ii. 389 ; leaflets 3 lanceo-
a soblong or obl na idus and shining whitish beneath obtuse
Partie? axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, flowers milk-white, calyx
Porti staminal tube thinly pubescent on both sides 10-fid halfway, free
Bedd of filament alternately notched and shorter, anthers apiculate.
Cat. eas Gen. lvi. Cfr. Xylocarpus? Antila, Hb. Ham.; Wall.

Qe p in forests and i
the hij, STAB, at Sheikpura; Western Peninsuta; in the Godavery forests and in
hilly districts of aha tae ba division of the Madras Presidency, Peddome.

564 XXXVII. MELIACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Walsura,

A small tree, subglabrous. Leaves about 8 in.; leaflets 4-5 by 1 in.; petiolules
4-3. Panicles pubernlent ; flowers à in. long. “ Disk salver-shaped with a large high
callous margin. Berry narrow oblong.” Beddome.

tt Filaments connate one third way or less.
T Leaflets usually 3 only.

4. W. piscidia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 387 ; leaflets sub-
ternate elliptic obtuse often retuse glabrous shining pale beneath, ker
pentamerous, petals imbricated, staminal tube half the length of the pe
equally 10-cleft for two thirds of its length divisions all bifid at apex
hairy above, ovary 2- rarely 3-celled, fruit covered with a short tomentum.
Wight Ill. i. t. 55; Beddome Amal. Gen. lvi. t. 8, f. 6; Wall. Cat. 1265;
Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 37. Heynea trifoliata, A. Juss, in Mém. Mus. XIX.
235. Trichilia coriacea, [Rottl. f]; Wall. Cat, 1265. Trichilia trifoliata,
Wall. Cat. 8093.

Western PENINSULA ; Malabar and Travancor. CEvrLox, Walker. |

Leaves 2-7 in.; leaflets 1-4 by 3-13 in.; petiolules ,5—j in., terminal one jongg
Flowers 3 in. long, sordid-yellowish ; bracts minute, caducous. Fruit egg-shaped, gin.
long.—The bark acts as a fish poison.

TE Leaflets 5.

5. W. villosa, Wall. Cat. 1264; young parts tawny-velutinous
leaflets 5 elliptic or ovate obtuse sometimes shortly acuminate glabrescent
whitish beneath, at least when young, panicles equalling or shorter ©
the leaves, calyx partite, filaments equal thinly pubescent haron
upwards but not subulate connate one third way from base, anthers
minal. Wight & Arn. Prodr. i. 120. Trichilia? villosa, Wall. Le.

Texasserm, at Moulmein, Wallich, Griffith.

Leaves 6-10 in.; leaflets 2-4 by 3-2 in., petiolules }-2 in. or the termin aban
longer. Flowers velutinous.—Schmidelia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, also from ^7

with narrowly ellipsoidal acuminate shortly tomentose fruit scarcely 1 in. long, proba y
belongs to this species.

6. W. hypoleuca, Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam. ed. ii. 33; n Journ. Asie
Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 1872, 296 ; leaflets 5 elliptic to oblong-lanceolate acu rulent
quite glabrous chartaceous glaucous beneath smooth, panicles pu escent
Shorter than the leaves, calyx partite, filaments linear densely p wif
on both sides not subulate free except base equal, ovary dense Y W. sp.
tomentose, berries (immature) hoary-velutinous oblong acumin rx
Kurz Rep. Veg. Andam. ed. i. p. iv. Kurz

Sourn ANDAMAN Istanp; in the Jungles especially of the interior, comms longer

Leaves 9-16 in.; leaflets 4-6 by 13-3 in.; petiolules j-1 in., terminal on as many
Flowers à in. long, white. Petals 5, occasionally 8. Stamens 10, sometimes flowering
as 15. Fruit (young) Jin. long.—I have followed Mr. Kurz; but perhaps te
and fruiting specimens belong to different species. :

e shining

7. W. neurodes, //iern ; leaflets 5 elliptic shortly acuminat ° ling of
above strongly nerved beneath glabrous base obtuse, panicles ty bescent
exceeding the leaves puberulent, filaments linear equal densely PY
base connate, anthers subterminal, fruit 1-2-celled, aril thin.

Manacca, Griffith, Maingay. j in.

Leaves 4-12 ne leaflets 2-6 by 1-2 in., faintly pellucid-punctate ; petiolales F1
or terminal one longer. Flowers Zin. long.. Ovar 2-celled ; stigma €
2 in each cell, collateral, horizontal. Fruit ellipsoidal, 4-3 in. long.

Walsura.| XXXVII. MELIACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) 565

Secr. IT. Surwala. Filaments subulate.

8. W. robusta, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 32; Fl. Ind. ii. 386 ; subglabrous,
shoots and petioles rough with scabrous specks, leaflets 5 sometimes 3
ovate or elliptic acuminate shining, panicles nearly as long as the leaves

ense puberulent, calyx partite, filaments equal free subulate pubescent
except apex, anthers terminal, ovary 2-celled, berry egg-shaped or sub-
globose. Wall. Cat. 1266, 8110, 8111, 8112. Surwala robusta, Roem.
Synops. i. 108. Monocyelis robusta, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Cal-
cuit. 135, Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 8048 E, not other letters.

Stuer, Wallich ; Assam, Hamilton ; Kuasia Mrs. and Tenasserim, Griffith, &c. ;

NDamans, Kurz under name of W. villosa in Rep. Andam. ed. 2, 33. .

A large timber tree. Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules }-4 in. or
the terminal one longer. Flowers & in. long, white. “Staminal tube white; anthers
Yellow. Fruit 4-2 in, long.

13. HEYNEA, Roxb.

_ Trees or rarely shrubs, Leaves 5-11-foliolate ; leaflets opposite, quite en-
Te. Panicles terminal and axillary, corymbose, long-peduncled ; fl weis
Tather small, hermaphrodite. Calyx short, 4-5-fid, imbricated. Petals
r oblong, suberect, somewhat imbricated. Staminal tube 8- or 10-fid ;
lobes linear, bidentate at apex, bearing the anthers. between the linear
teet Disk annular, fleshy. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-3-celled, nar-
rowing into the short style; stigma 2-3-dentate, with a thickened ring
at the base ; ovules 2 in each cell Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 2-valved,
“Seeded, glabrous. „Seed arillate exalbuminous; aril thin, white; coty-
ledons hemispherical.—Distrr, A genus of 1-3 species, limited to India
the Indian Archipelago.

l. E. triju oxb. Hort. Beng. 33 ; in Bot. Mag. t. 1738; Cor. Pl. iii.
56, t. 260 y d Ç 390 ; leaflets 5-11 ovate oblong or lanceolate
acuminate glabrous above, paler and glabrate or pubescent beneath anally
o>tuse-based, panicles nearly equalling the leaves, calyx pubescent or sub-
glabrate 5—4-fid, petals 5-4 glabrous or puberulent, staminal tube glabrous
Or Püberulent outside usually pubescent inside, filaments 10 or rarely 8

ternately rather shorter, capsule round. Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 31 3 a "^

rss. in Mém. Mus. xix. t. 18, f. 17; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. p l,
Cat. 1258 ; Brandis Fl Sylvat. 70. Leea levis, Hb. Heyne ex Wall. É

< quinquejuga, Roxb. Cat. 90; Fl. Ind. ii. 391 ; Wall. Cat. yo t
affinis, Adr, Juss. Le. 275; Beddome Ft. Sylvat. t. 134; W. & A. Pr TU
121, alsura (Heynea) pubescens, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xli.

D, 297. H. connaroides,’ Wight ex Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 136;

i i rodr. i. 148.
“ry Ind. FL i. 166, Zanthoxylon! connaroides, W. & A. Pro
Zy Sophyllum ? connaroides, W. £ A. ex Wight Cat. n. 553.

Forests of Ovpu and the HiwararA, from Nipal to Bhotan ; Knasıa Mrs., Pecu,
ENGAL, PENAxG; Western Pexixsura from the Concan south wards. leaflets 2-64 b
A tree sometimes attaining a large size. Leaves 4-16 In. long ; on e s2- py

Hin; Petiolnles 4-4 in, long or the terminal ones longer. Flowers w n a M

in, long.—A specimen from Malacea in very young flower, gathere ^ d ate

fic, iingay (Distrib. n. 346), with the palomo is e ian" folur ey MT,
» may belo i ies. Mr. Kurz, in Journ. Asiat. | : T c ^
Mates that Aeng Fl. Iud. Bat. Suppl. i. 505, from W. Sumatra, is

"cal with H. quinguejuga, Row).

566 XXXVII. MELIACEEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Beddomea.

14. BEDDOMEA, Hook. fil.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves 1—5-foliolate, opposite or subopposite eer
quite entire. Racemes or panicles axillary, few-flowered ; eh broadly
rate size, subglobose hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-6-partite, p imbricate
ovate imbricated segments, Petals 4-6, orbicular, muc J tiall
Staminal tube short or globose, crenulate ; anthers 5-6, s inal. a length
or wholly exserted ; connective thick ; cells narrow, margina "sed in the
confluent at the apex. Ovary short, hairy, more or less ic stigma
inconspicuous disk, 3-celled ; cells 2-ovuled; style short subglobose,
3-lobed, pyramidal. Fruit coriaceous, ellipsoidal ovoi neva 1 wit
often acute at theapex, more or less ribbed and dense Tt 9-3-celled ;
closely set seurfy and stellate tomentum, tardily dehiscen less angular,
septa thin and often obsolete. Seeds 3-5, large, more or
exarillate (Beddome).—Di1sTRIB. An endemic genus.

` “ . un

1. B. indica, Hook. f. in Benth. € Hook. f. Gen. Pl. M bei «i

shoots somewhat lepidote, leaflets 3 elliptic obtuse glabrate : 5—4-merous,

cuneate, panicles lax racemose, pedicels usually long, lowed in Trans.
staminal tube short, anthers 5, fruit ovoid to oblong. Il 8 ure)
Linn. Soc. xxv. 212; Anal. Gen. lvi. ; Fl. Sylvat. t. 135 (smaller fig

. . _ t Anemia
Western PENINSULA, from Kurg to Cape Comorin, ascending to 3 4000 fi
rocks, Sispara, Hb. Wight, 417. E : -] in.
A twigey shrub. Leaves 6-12 in. leaflets 3-7 by 14-3 in.; petiphules Ae
Flowers 1-4 in. diam. Fruit 1-1) in. long, more or less furrowed, roug
rusty scales.

; with
2; B. simplicifolia, Beddome Fl Sylvat. t. 135 ; young parto mih
scurfy scales, leaflets solitary elliptic or narrowly so acemes from
glabrescent base obtuse or somewhat cuneate, panicles or T occasionally
much shorter than the leaves to much longer or the flowers or smaller,
solitary, flowers 5-6-merous, staminal tube large and globose
fruit as in the genus.

WESTERN PENINSULA ; from the S. Concan to the Anamallay hills. . petioles 4-1 in.,
A tree up to 3 ft. in girth and 25 in height. Leaves 3-6 by 14-34 » "a aine iam
much thickened and quasi-articulated near the apex. Flowers varia Be d dome gives the
diam; pedicels 3,-4} in. long. Fruit oblong, size of pigeon's egg.—
` following varieties. 5. in. diam. rufous
Van.a; racemes much longer than the leaves, flowers bm m.
tomentose.— W ynaad, Tinnevelly hills and Travancor, alt. 24000 he petioles, f
Van, B, parviflora; panicles very small not much longer than u doo &.
15-3 in. diam. rufous-tomentose.—Anamallay and Pulney hills, alt bescence scu
Var. y, racemosa; racemes filiform longer than the leaves, pube
Wynaad, Coorg, S. Canara.

owers

rfy.—

15. CARAPA, Aubl. tate teal
. -Jate ;
Glabrous littoral trees, Leaves 2- or 4- or sometimes 6-folio flowe
ed sinis-

tà
trosely (as seen from within). Staminal tube urceolate-globose, , e at top

herent t0
of tube, alternating with the teeth. Disk fleshy, cup-shaped, adie H style

e, 6-
short, stigma discoid. Fruit capsular, irregularly globose, larges arated

Carapa,| ^ XXXVII. MELIACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 56?

dissepiments, Seeds large, thick, angular; testa hard, spongy, aril 0. hilum
tge, ventral ; cotyledons amygdaloid.— DrsrRIB. A genus of scarcely more
than 2 species, one Tropical American, the other from Tropical Asia, both
however occurring in Tropical Africa on the west and east coast re-
spectively,
The character of the genus given above is based on the latter species ; it constitutes
Kenig’s genus Xylocarpus.

l €. moluccensis, Lam. Encyl. Méth. i. 621 ; leaflets from ovate to
obovate usually obtuse very shortly petiolulate, panicles lax shorter than the
faves sometimes in simple racemes. Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 136; Wall.
Cat. 1274. C. indica, Juss. in Dict, Sc. Nat. vii. 32. C. obovata, Blume Bijdr.
179, Xylocarpus Granatum, Koen. Naturf. xx. 2; Adr. Juss. in Mém. Mus.
Xix. t, 20, f. 22. X. obovatus, Adr. Juss. l.c. 244. X. moluccensis, Roem.
Synops, i. 124. Granatum littoreum, Rumph. Amb. iii. 92, t. 61. Monosoma
littorata, Grif. Motul. iv. 502. Cfr. Guarea oblongifolia, Grif. l.c. 503.
Muddy seacoasts throughout India and Ceylon.—Disrris. Tropical Africa, Malayan
hipelago and N. Australia. .
ves 4-8 in. ; leaflets 2-5 by 1-24 in. Panicles 1-5 in. long; flowers 4-1 in. long,
Yellowish. Fruit 3-4 in. diam.

16. SOYMIDA, Adr. Juss.

À lofty glabrous tree. Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets opposite, entire,
obtuse. “Panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers greenish-white, pentame-
tous. Calyx composed of 5 short imbricated sepals. Petals free, imbri-
cated, obovate, unguiculate, spreading. Staminal tube short, cup-shaped,
10-cleft, lobes bidentate ; anthers 10, sessile between the teeth, short. Disk
he , Ovary 5-celled ; cells alternate with the sepals, each with about 12
tits pendulous ovules; style short, stigma broad, fleshy. Capsule
a üfraga]ly 5-valved, woody; valves consisting of two plates, separating
die the 5-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged at both ends,

uminous ; cotyledons foliaceous.—D1sTRIB, One endemic species; two
other species from East Tropical Africa have been conjecturally referred to

genus.

+. S. febrifuga, Adr. Juss. in Mém, Mus, xix. 951, t. 22, f. 26 ; leaflets

12 elliptic or oblong base usually oblique shortly petioluled, panicles
Dee equalling the leaves branches divaricate. W.d& A. Prodr. i. 122;
Tene € Gibs. Bomb, Fl, 38; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t.8; Forest Reports Madras.
207-67, t, 2; Brandis Fl. Sylvat. 71. Swietenia febrifuga, Rowb. Mono-
(rePhy ; Cor. PL i. t, 17 ; Fl. Ind. ii. 398 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pt. 32; Wall.
[Ro 1267, S. Soymida, Duncan Tent. Inaug. de Sw. S. (1794). S. rubra,

otl.) Wall. Cat. 4890, f

Hilly districts of Norra Western CENTRAL and SourHERN lNprA, extending south-

" ràvancor; CEYLON.
"du ds a very hard dull red-coloured wood, one of the most durable. Leaves nearly
“rgteen, 9-18 in. ; leaflets 14-5 by 5-22 in. ; petiolules mostly very short. Flowers

ay bin. long; bracts ovate-deltoid, small. Capsule smooth, black when ripe, 1-24 in.
&—limber strong ; bark bitter.

17. CHICK RASSIA, Adr. Juss.
A

ope large timber tree with paripinnate leaves, alternate subopposite or
me acuminate oblique Pate leaflets, terminal panicles and 4-5-
tous flowers. Calyx short, dentate. Petals oblong, free, sinistrorsely

nN

Brandis Fl. Sylv. 72, t. 14; Wall. Cat. 1272, 9041. C. febrifuga,

568 XXXVII. MELIACEÆ. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Chickrassia.

contorted (as regarded from inside) erecto-patent. Staminal tube cylindrig
10-crenate ; antliers 10, erect, inserted within the crenatares, > eA otaq!
obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate, 3-celled, cells each wi lled, septi-
biseriate ovules ; style stout, stigma capitate. Capsule 3-ce ating frei
cidally 3-valved, woody ; valves consisting of two plates, S“ buminods ;
the 3-winged axis. Seeds numerous, flattish, winged below, exa
cotyledons orbicular.—DrsTRrB. One endemic species.

1. C. tabularis, Adr. Juss. in Mém. Mus. xix. 251, t. 22, f. cil ; eon
10-16 ovate more or less velvety especially beneath or line e leaves,
base obtuse shortly petiolulate, panicles erect scarcely equa Pre "Ir. i 123;
flowers yellowish or red, fruit ellipsoidal. W. £ A. t 9: Grah, Cat.
Thwaites Enum. 61; Wight Ill, i. t. 56; Bedd. FI. Sylvat. Lb FL Ind 8 399.
Tomb. Pl. 32. Swietenia Chiekrassia, Roxb, Hort, Beng. 33; PL Ind. ii P^
Plagiotaxis Chickrassia, Wall. Cat. 1269. S. Sotrophola, H. d Gibs Bomb.
Cat. l.c. p. 214, C. Nimmonii, Grah. ex Wight l.c. 148 ; Dalz. Synops.
Fl. 38. P. velutina, Wall. Cat. 1270. €. trilocularis, Roe i. Don Gen.
Monogr. i. 135. S. trilocularis, Roxb. ex Buch. Journ. i. len t Soc. Beng.
Syst, i. 688. C. velutina, Roemer l.c.; Kurz in Journ. | MN Cédrelie

iL ii. 1873, 65. S, velutina and $S. villosa, Wall. ex Kurz t tina, DC.
spec. De Cand! Hb. Wight. ex Wall. Cat. 4892. T Cedrela velutina, Js
Prodr. i. 625. 1 Cedrela villosa, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 18. 2N ad 1a a velutina,
Kurz. Rep. Veg. Andam. ed. L p. iv.. not of Roxburgh. | Codrela odorata,
oem. Synops. Monogr. i. 139. 1 d villosa, oem. l.c. 140. 1 Ce
Hort. Kew. olim ex Roem. l.c., not Linn. I ; (? Tipper

Wesrern PENINSULA, from the Concan to Coorg; Maracca and CEYLON;
and the Andaman Islands). . Ovary

Leaves 12-18 in. ; años 2-5 by 11-23 in. lowers about 4—š in. long.

ñ P —The Chit-
hairy. Stigma about on the level of the anthers. Fruit nearly 2 in. long.
tagong wood tree.

18. CEDRELA, Linn.

` TOUS,

Tall trees with coloured wood, Leaves pinnate ; leaflet and subter-
opposite or subopposite, entire or serrate. Panicles termina, Petals sub-
minal oblong ; flowers white pentamerous, Calyx short, w the top o the
erect, oval, imbricated, free. Stamens 4-6, free, inserted a bulate ; anthers
disk, sometimes alternating with staminodes, filaments va ry gessile on
widely oblong, versatile. Disk thick or raised, 4-6-lobed. lobes each wit
the top of the disk, 5-celled ; cells alternate with the calyx one d Ca
8-12 biseriate pendulous ovules; style filiform, stigma ¢ » of two plates.
coriaceous, 5-celled, septifragally 5-valved ; valves cons hy albumen;
Seeds compressed, winged below or at both ends, wit ies. inhabiting
cotyledons flat, subfoliaceous. — Disrrip. About 12 species,
Tropical Asia, Australia, and America.

W. iv.

1. C. Toona, Roxb. ea: Rottl. d Willd. in Gesell. Nat. Freunde A Pi

198 (1803) ; Hort, Beng. 18 ; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 238 ; Fl. Ind. i. hining entire of
obliquely ovate or lanceolate acutely acuminate glabrous lo ng as or exceé

serrate base obtuse petioluled, panicles drooping about as alternating with

ing the leaves, pedicels short, stamens 5 occasionally 6 Pg A. Prodr. i 1255

staminodes equalling the petals, capsule oblon 'Qubs. Bomb. Fi. 385

Wight Ic. t. 161; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat. t. 10; Dalz. & . -—

ji, 495 ; Cat

Bijdr. 180. C. hexandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ue. ne 25 $ Brands

1272. 1C. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 1273. C. serrata, Royle Lit.

Cedrela.] XXXVII. MELIACEZE. (W. P. Hiern.) 569

Le. 73. C. australis, F, Muell. Fragm. i. 4, teste Benth, Fl, Austral. i. 387.
iC multijuga, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 297. Toona ciliata,

' febrifuga, hexandra, serrata, and longifolia, Roem. Synops. i. 139, 140,—
Rumph. Herb. Amboin, iii. t. 39.

Tropica, HIMALAYA ; from the Indus eastward, ascending to 3000 ft. ; and through-
out the hilly districts of CENTRAL and Sournern Ixpra and Birma (absent in Ceylon !).
—Distris. Java, Australia.

Leaves 1-3 ft., deciduous; leaflets 2-7 by 1-3 in., sometimes glaucescent beneath.
Flowers fragrant, $4 in. long. Petals ciliate. Capsule about 3-1 in. long, oblong
Dr. Brandis distinguishes C. serrata from C. Toona by several characters; however, I do
not find any of them constant, except that in the few examples that show it the seeds
of the former have wings at the upper end only, while those of the latter have wings at

th ends ; it is common throughout the Himalaya, attaining an elevation of 8000 ft.—

e flowers are used for dyeing: see Buchanan, Journey, i. 215, iii. 288.

19. CHLOROXYLON, DC.

A moderate-sized tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets obtuse, oblique,
entire, Panicles terminal and axillary, pubescent ; flowers small penta-
merous. Calyx deeply lobed. Petals spreading, unguiculate, imbricated in

ud. Stamens 10, inserted in the depressions of the disk, free ; filaments
iform-subulate, the alternate ones rather longer ; anthers small, versatile.
thick, 10-lobed, pubescent. Ovary pubescent, immersed in the disk ;
obed, 3-celled; cells about 8-ovuled; style short, slender, glabrous,
stigma small, capitate. Capsule coriaceous, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved.

“eds compressed, exalbuminous ; margins angular, winged above; coty-
ledons plano-convex.— DISTRIB. One endemic species.

l. C. Swietenia, DC. Prodr. i. 625 ; leaflets 20-40 opposite subopposite
or alternate labrous pale and dotted on lower surface base very unequal
shortly petio uled, panicles scarcely as long as the leaves, pedicels longer

nthe flowers, capsule glabrous oblong dark brown. W. & A. Prodr. L
123; Wight Ti t. 56 bis; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 32; Bedd. Fl. Sylvat.
E11; Brandis FI Sylva, 74; Dalz. e Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39 ; Thwaites Enum.
d Wall, Cat. 1268. Swietenia Chloroxylon, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 64; P.

ii, 400,

Western Pex he Nilghiris ; CEYLON.
INSULA, from the Concan to the Nilghinis ; :
,,9"ng parts petioles and inflorescence covered with grey pubernlence; protean
with a beautiful satin lustre and fragrant. Leaves 5-9 in.; eaflets 8-11 by i In.
n Í in. wide when open. Capsule 1 in. long by § in. thick.—Indian Satin-

MELIAOEA PENANGIANA, J/all. Cat. 4889, from Penang, consists of 3 unnameable
" Apparently diverse species, one of which is probably a Canarium. E
ELIACEA RUGOSA, Wall. l.c. 4891, from Penang is probably not Meliaceous.

ORDER XXXVII. CHAILLETIACEÆ. (By J. D. Hooker.)
Trees or sh i tire ; stipules 2, deciduous,
rubs, Leaves alternate, quite entir p ^
Flowers Small unisezual or polygamous, in corymbose cymes ; peduncles
Sometimes adnate to the petiole. Sepals 5, free or connate, sometimes
ual, imbricate. Petals 5, free, subperigynous, equal or unequal,
EN ed or 2-fid, with often an inflexed lamina, which is adnate to the J ace
80 a petal, usually open in zstivation. Stamens 5, subperigynous, all or
me only fertile, free or adnate to the corolla ; anthers oblong, connective

570 XXXVIII. CHAILLETIACER. (J. D. Hooker.)

often thickened at the back. Disk of 5 glands or scales, or a 5-glandular
or-lobedeup. Ovary free, pubescent or villous, 2-3-celled ; styles 1- be
free or more or less connate, stigmas simple or capitate ; ovules anatropo
in pairs from the top of each cell, pendulous. : Drupe pubescent or me »
oblong transversely oblong or didymous, compressed ; epicarp en 1 He
dehiscent; putamen indehiscent or not, 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded. de
pendulous, hilum broad, testa membranous, albumen 0; embryo | M
cotyledons thick, radicle small superior.—A small chiefly tropical order,

3 genera and about 40 species.

1. CHAILLETIA, DC.

Flowers polygamo-monescious. Sepals 5, unequal, united at the base or
above it, o tuse. Petals 5, 2-lobed, narrow, free. Stamens 5, somet ea
slightly adnate at the base to the petals. Disk of 5 quadrate wre P And
opposite the petals. Ovary 2-3-celled.—Di1sTRIB. Tropical Asia, Africa,
especially America; species about 30.

1. C. gelonioides, Hook. f. in Gen. Plant. i. 341; branchlets minute
pubescent, leaves glabrous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or -0 short
abruptly acuminate or caudate-acuminate narrowed into the ird £L
petiole, flowers in small cymes. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 59, MA d "
C. sumatrana, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 399. Moacurra ge os DG.
Roxb. Fl. Ind.ii.70; Baill, Etud. Gen. Euph. 587; Mull. Arg. + I 52
Prodr. xv. pt. 2, 227; Thwaites Enum. 79; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Pr. š:
Celastrus acuminatus, Wall. Cat. n. 4342. Wahlenbergia, Br. ex
Cat. Index, p. 232.

Eastern BENGAL; at the foot of the Khasia Mts., and in Silhet and Citar
Western PENINSULA, on the Ghats from the Concan southwards. CEYLON, asc
to 3000 ft.—Distrrs. Sumatra. . :culate

A small subdiccious tree, Leaves 2-4 by 3-2 in., rather thin, nerves fonica irons
when dry, the young pilose or silky beneath ; stipules pubescent, old quite Si ns long,
neath. Mate fl. about ¿ in. diam. Sepals subequal, obtuse, hoary. Peto the base.
narrow obovate, glabrous, a subquadrate scale is placed in front of each a tals, con-
Stamens inserted at the very base of the calyx, or rather shorter than the | pe Ovary
nective broad. FEMAELE fl. as in the male, but the anthers have no P "P hen per-
broad, sessile, woolly ; styles 2, very short, stigma minute capitate. nJ did mous,
fect 1-1 in. diam., transversely oblong or obcordate, 2-celled, compressed "bli dpicarp
but often only one carpel is perfect, and. then it is smaller, oblong and ob acted ex-
thick, rather fleshy, dehiscing along the edges, and becoming partially reflec Seeds
posing the yellow mesocarp which surmounts the rough crustaceous endocarp. ously
oblong, testa thin; embryo the shape of the seed, radicle short.—Roxburgh err op
describes the split epicarp as a ?-valved ca sule, and the coloured fleshy end speci-
aril. The descriptions of Baillon and Müller are evidently taken from umper refer it to
mens, and probably of two different plants; they both retain Moacurra, an but I fin
Euphorbiacew. Beddome describes the endocarp as divisible into two valves, re or less
no trace of this in eastern specimens. Thwaites has a var. 8, with leaves mo
tomentose beneath.

pale

. 7;
2. C. Helferiana, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Journ. xli. 1872, pt vate
branchlets terete, young hoary-pubescent, leaves elliptic-oblong A beneath;
acuminate petioled young and old along the nervessilky pubescen it hoary.
veins very indistinct, flowers in hoary branched racemes,
Chaillet. (spec.) Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4038.

Texassenm, at Tavoy, Gomez, Helfer.

Chailletia.] XXXVIII. CHATLLETIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 571

It is difficult, in the absence of flowers, to distinguish this by characters from C.
gelonioides ; the leaves are larger, 4 inches long, more oblong, more shortly and sharply
acuminate, of a brown colour when dry, with very faint slender nerves, and they are less
narrowed at the base. The fruit, judging from Wallich’s specimen, is smaller, though
as densely hoary and of the same shape, and the epicarp dehisces in the same way.

3. C. longipetala, Z7urc in Bull. Mose. 1863, pt: i. 611; branches
angular pustular, young densely tomentose leaves el iptic or elliptic-lan-
ceolate acuminate silkily hairy beneath, especially on the nerves and
pubescent on the nerves above, old scabrid beneath, cymes densely
tomentose, male lax small-flowered, female short with fewer denser flowers

at have longer petals.

TexASSERDI; at Mergui, Grifith, Helfer.

Apparently a moncecious climber; bark of branchlets pale and densely pustular,
oungest fulvous-pubescent. Leaves 3—4% in., dark-brown when dry, nerves strong

neath; petiole very short. Mare fl. in effuse cymes, about 4 in. diam. Sepals con-
hate into a turbinate tube, obtuse, hoary, unequal. Petals little longer than the sepals,
"ad, split to below the middle. | Stamens equalling the petals. Disk-scales quadrate,
crenate, Budimentary-ovary minute, woolly. Femare fl. twice as large as the male.
Calyx the same, Petals twice as long as the sepals, narrow. Stamens with long fila-
ments and no pollen. Ovary globose, clothed with straight white hairs ; style long and
‘lender, 3-fid at the apex. Fruit wanting.

4 Ç. deflexifolia, Zurcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 611, var. TOMEN-
5^; branches terete smooth young fulvous-tomentose, leaves petioled
elliptic or elliptic-oblong acute coriaceous shining above tomentose beneath,
nerves strong minutely pubescent above, cymes peduncled spreading many-

^a hoary. à

ALACOA, Griffith, Maingay. ' "

Ap Parently a Fn branches black, the ultimate clothed with fulvous pubescence.
Leaves 4-6 by 24-34 in., much broader than in any of the preceding species, very
a acuminate or very acute, coriaceous and hard, dark-brown when dry; petiole
ü ük. Cymes many, much branched, effuse, 2 in. diam. Mare fl. ç in. diam. Calyx

vided nearly to the base ; segments unequal, obtuse. Petals rather longer than the
y FrwALE fl., calyx as in the males. Petals half as long again as the sepals.
Prid long; anthers empty. Ovary clothed with matted wool; style very slender,

fid at the tip. Fruit unripe, hoary with fulvous tomentum.—I unite this with the
mranese (C deflexifolia with some doubts, the leaves being so much more tomentose

AR.? sordida ; leaves 8-4 by 14-2 in., minutely pilose or pubescent and purplish-
ae neath. Sincapore, "Ius (Cat. n. 9016), Maingay.—The specimens are
erless ; Wallich’s has unripe fruit quite like that of var, tomentosa.

5. e. Griffithii, Hook. f., branchlets clothed with long spreading
ntigose hairs, leaves. oblong fy oblong-lanceolate acuminate cordate at the
dh, ase, hairy beneath, cymes short few-flowered, fruit oblong densely

È ma with fulvous rigid hairs.

ACOA, Griffith, Maingay.

ke ey ditinat a from Any of the above. Branchlets slender, clothed more or
i AXly with hairs, 1b-4 in. long. Leaves subsessile, 4-7 by 2-3 in., glabrous above,
eath more or less clothed with long hairs, that are sometimes confined to the nerves,
tenera 3 Scattered over the surface, Flowers, female only seen, larger than its oe
In. diam, in small few-flowered cymes. Calyx divided nearly to the base,

the, tomentose. Petals not exceeding the sepals, pubescent. amens equallin

tals, Ovary densely clothed with rigid fulvous bristles ; style very slen en fi
long, y „Fruit 13 in. long, 2-celled.— Grifith describes this as a shrub with the
tell, vhitish, capitate, and hidden under the leaves, and with 1-ovule t tipia
I wever 2 ovules, as in the other species. Maingay had given this, or a

572 XXXVII. CHAILLETIACEZX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Chailletia.

variety of it, the ms. name of lanuginosa, his specimen having softer pubescence on the
leaves than Griffith's; but the nature of the clothing of the branchlets, leaves, and fruit
is far from being woolly; he further describes the styles as 2, short and distinct, which
probably applies to male flowers, as in Griffith's plant it is slender and 3-fid at the
apex.

6. C. Laurocerasus, Planch. in Herb. Hook. ; branches terete smooth
black and leaves perfectly glabrous, leaves oblong and elliptic-oblong rd
shortly petioled obtusely acuminate, nerves very slender, cymes very sm
few-flowered, fruit large hoary transversely oblong or globose when one
carpel ripens.

Pexana, in every part of the hill, Maingay. (Sincapore? Lobb.) . ñ 1
A scandent shrub; remarkable amongst the India species for being perfectly gl
brous, even the young twigs and leaves; branchlets black when dry, not [antena
Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., on short slender petioles, coriaceous, very smooth and brigh
red-brown when dry. Cymes, female only seen, small, few-flowered, shortly pedanel d
ers $ in. diam. Calyx divided nearly to the base, lobes very rounded, nea z
equal, hoary externally. Petals glabrous, about twice as long as the calyx. yr
equalling the petals; anthers empty. Ovary minute, pubescent; style long, slender,
3-fid at the tip. Fruit fully formed 1} in. across, epicarp hard, endocarp thick, bony,
tubercled on the surface, white inside.—Lobb’s specimen is ticketed from Sincapore,
but is more probably from Penang.

C. sp.? Wall. Cat. 7443, from Penang, Porter, without flower or fruit, is probably ç
undescribed species of Chailletia. It has terete branches, pubescent branchlets, pant
oblong glabrous leaves, 5-8 in. long, with obtuse or subacute tips and roanied , s ra
beautifully reticulated and shining on both surfaces; the cymes are small ana fave
pubescent.

Onper XXXIX. OLACINEÆ. (By Maxwell T. Masters, F-R-5)

Trees or shrubs rarely herbs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alten
rarely opposite, simple or lobed, penni- or palminerved, exstipulate. more
rescence cymose ; cymes terminal, axillary, or extra axillary, sessile ote or
or less eduncled, rarely capitate. Flowers regular, hermaphro o times
unisexual often dicecious. Calyx usually small, 4-5-toothed, yo t
accrescent, free, or adherent either to the ovary or to the fruit, lo
vate or imbricate. Petals 3-6, valvate or imbricate, free, OF more em
coherent. Stamens 3-15, inserted with the petals, free or adnate pium
and either opposite to or alternate with them, all fertile, or some (shens
nodes) anantherous, disunited or more or less monadelphous ; shaped,
erect, 2-celled, splitting longitudinally. ^ Disk hypogynous, PT dt inr
perigynous or epigynous. Ovary free, or half-inferior, 1-celled, ot the
perfectly 2-3-5-celled (from the dissepiments not reaching the apex ovules
cavity) ; style simple or 0, rarely divided, stigma entire or lobes ; orapes
1-5, pendulous from the apex of a central placenta, or from the side *
of the ovarian cavity, consisting usually of a naked nucleus i rave the
placenta !) often dilated into a thickened process, " obturator, | 8
ovule. Fruit drupaceous, or dry indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-8eec? 'albumen
more or less adnate to the calyx-tube and disk. Seed pend ret or
fleshy, entire or lobed rarely 0; radicle superior, coty ledons leaf widely
folded, rarely fleshy.—DisTRIB. Genera about 40, species abou a
distributed through the Tropics of both hemispheres. — . wed, though

In the following pages the arran d Hooker is follo š
sap gement of Bentham and H e
in all probability some of the genera, when better known, will have to be trans

XXXIX. OLACINEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 578

elsewhere. Griffith, Miers, and following them Baillon, Engler, and others, consider

the Icacinee to form a separate Order, an arrangement probably more natural than

that which is here followed on the ground of expediency, though Oliver’s genus
rpa is to some extent intermediate.

Trise L Olaceæ. Stamens anisomerous, or equal and opposite to the
petals. Ovary 2-3-5-celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, or completely
I-celled ; ovules pendulous.

* Fertile stamens anisomerous or twice or thrice the number of the petals.

Leaves alternate. Fertile stamens 10 . . . . . . . . 1. Xnvrenm,
aves alternate. Fertile stamens 8-5 . . . . . . . . 2. OLAX.
ves alternate. Fertile stamens 12-15 . . . . . . . 8. OcHANosracHys,
aves opposite. Fertile stamens 10 . . . . . . . . . 4. CrENoLornox.

** Fertile stamens isomerous with and opposite to the petals.
Calyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary l-celled . 5. ERYTHROPALUM.
alyx adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 0. Ovary 3—5.celled . 6. SrRowposiA.
lyx not adherent to the fruit. Staminodes 5. Ovary 1-celled 7. AwAcorosa.
lyx adherent to the fruit, Staminodes 0. Ovary 3-celled . 8. Scue@pria,

Trrer IT. Opilieæ. Stamens isomerous, opposite to the petals or lobes
of the perianth. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled.

.* Flowers monochlamydeous.

Bracts small, Staminodes 5. Ovuleerect . . . . . . . 9. CANSJERA.
Tacts conspicuous, hop-like. Staminodes 0. Ovule pendulous 10. Lepionuxus.
** Flowers dichlamydeous. f

Staminodes 5 . . . . .. . 11. OPILIA.

Tree ITI. Icacines. Stamens isomerous, alternate with the petals.

Ovary 1-2-celled, with 1-2 ovules pendulous from the top of the cell ;

ly perfectly 2-3-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell.

* Calya cup-shaped, denticulate, valvate.
tals glabrous within.

Vaments bearded, hairs curving over the anther; anthers
adnate. Style subulate . . . 12. LASIANTHERA.

Filaments glabrous or with short. hairs only ; anthers pendu-
US. Stigma discoid . . . . . . . 18. GoMPHANDRA.

Filaments glabrous; anthers innate, sagittate at the base.

Ovary obli .. . 14. APODYTES.
h que... we + + +
Petals villous within. Ovary ovoid . . + . + s e e + 15. Marru.
Et Calyx deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate.
Wers unisexual. Ovary 1-celled . . . 16. PHLEBOCALYMNA.

Wers hermaphrodite. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit dry, winged . 17. PrELEoCARPA.

Tetee IV Phyto se. Flowers (except in Jodes) and fruit as in
Treue. Embryo more dev dped, cotyledons broad fleshy or foliaceous.
ers, `

sàJ

Stamens alternate with the petals.
Owers capitate,
: Pe echinate or bristly. Albumen deeply lobed . . .18. Partenza.
Pe smooth. Albumen slightly lobed . . - + + + 19. MiQuELIA,

974 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.)

Flowers spicate, racemose or pauicled.

Staminodes 0. Stigma sessile. Albumen O . . . . . 20. SancosTIGMA.
Staminodes 5. Styles2. Albumen fleshy. . . . . . 21. NATSIATUM.
Stamens opposite to the petals. Stigma sessile . . . . . 22. Iopzs.

A milky-juiced climber, Sepals and petals imbricate. Fruit
dry winged. . . . . . + + . + + + + s s. s + 28. CARDIOPTERIS.

1. XIMENTA, Linn.

A shrub or low tree. Branches spiny. Leaves shortly petioled, alter-
nate, simple, 1-nerved. Flowers racemose, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx
cupular, 4-5-toothed, persistent, not accrescent. Petals 4-5, oblong, revo-
lute, hairy within. Stamens twice the number of the petals, hypogynous;
anthers innate, linear, 2-celled. Staminodes 0. Ovary sessile, superior,
4-celled; style columnar, stigma simple; ovules solitary in each cell,
pendulous, anatropous. Drupe ovoid, l-celled ; stone solitary.— DISTRIB.
Species, 4-5, 1 Mexican, 1 South African, 1 Bornean, 1 Polynesian, 1 widely
dispersed through the Tropics of both hemispheres.

Baillon (Adansonia, iii. 128) describes the ovules as erect, but I find them as above
described,

1. X. americana, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 230 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 252; W. £ A.
ruri i.89; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i pti. 787. X. Russelliana, Wall. Cat.

7

Eastern and WEsTERN PENINSULAS, Circars, Wight; Belgaum, Ritchie; ANDA eed
Isups., Kurz; Maracoa, Griffith; CgvLosN, Thwaites —Distnis. Malayan Archipelago,
Trop. Africa and America, "S

Branches spreading glabrous, covered with a red astringent bark, often ending in @
spine. Young shoots angular. Leaves 1} by 1 in. and upwards, coriaceous, E
brous, ovate-oblong, or roundish, emarginate, base rounded, vernation conduplicate ;
petiole 3 in. Flowers à in., bisexual, sometimes polygamous, white, fragrant, 1n short
racemes, which are axillary, or on the ends of thickened contracted shoots. "i
terete, 4-6-flowered. Bracts minute. Buds oblong, acute. Calyx minute. 4 * k
many times longer than the calyx, equal to the stamens in length. — Connective a
Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous, longitudinally sulcate, surrounded at the base ye
persistent ultimately reflexed calyx; style as long as the stamens.— The fruit 18 € lible
and the wood is used as a substitute for Sandal-wood. This plant is omitted in Thwaites
Enumeration.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.
X.? ovactowes, W. & A. Prodr. i.89, is Opilia amentacea, Roxb.

X. ÆGYPTIACA, Juss. Gen. 288; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 233, is Balanites
Planch. ;

Roxburghii,

2, OLAX, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, often scandent, sometimes prickly. Leaves alternate,
petioled, simple. Racemes axillary, simple, or branched. Bracts mar
Calyx minute, cup-shaped, truncate or obscurely toothed, accre yos
Petals hypogynous, valvate, more or less coherent, sometimes 6 in 3 pa
or 5, 4 coherent, 1 free, rarely 5 or 3 free. Fertile stamens usually 3, ae
4, 5, generally opposite the edges of the petals and attached to their © x
p opposite their centre ; anthers adnate to the filament, beter ts
W. & A.) oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes 9-6 Tow
usually opposite the petals. Ovary free, usually surrounded by à ees

Olaa:.] XXXIX. OLACINEH. (Maxwell T. Masters., 575

cup-shaped, hypogynous disk, more or less 3-celled below, 1-celled above ;
style simple, terminal, stigma 3-lobed; ovules 3, linear, pendulous from
the apex of a central placenta. Fruit more or less covered by the accrescent .
fleshy calyx ; stone crustaceous, l-celled, 1-seeded. Seed inverse, albumi-
nous ; embryo minute, in the apex of albumen ; radicle superior.—DisTRIB.
A genus of 25-30 species, natives of the tropics of the Old World.

1. O. scandens, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 163; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 102 ; scandent,
Prickly, leaves ovate oblong or oblong-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered,

uncles ascending longer than the bracts. Wall, Cat. 6774 A to G ;

:¢ A. Prodr, i. 89; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 785 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 27; Thwaites Enum. 42; Brandis For. Flor. 75, O. Bador, Ham. in
Wall. Cat. 6778. O. psittacorum, Vahl Enum. 34, partly. Roxburghia
baccata, Keen. ex W. & A. Prodr. i. 89.

Tropical Western HIMALAYA, in Kumaon ; BEHAR; CENTRAL and SOUTHERN INDIA ;

HILKUND, BIRMA, TENASSERIM ; CEYLON, in hot dry parts of the Island.—Disrxis.

ava,

Trunk as thick as a man’s thigh. Branches terete, more or less puberulous, prickles
stout, curved. Leaves distichous, 2 by lin, yellowish-green, glabrous or sometimes
puberulous beneath; petiole 2,-§ in., puberulous. Aacemes solitary, axillary, half
the length of the leaves; peduncles puberulous, twice the length of the minute bracts,

ers small white. Calyx puberulous or glabrescent. Petals 3-5-6, irregularly
Fertile stamens 3, anthers oblong. Staminodes 2-fid. Ovary ovoid-oblong
Lcelled, 1- rarely 3-ovuled. Drupe ovoid or globose, 3-4ths covered by the accres-
cent calyx — Variable in the form and vestiture of the leaves as well as in the degree
of cohesion of the petals. From this latter cause the number of petals in different
owers appears to vary and the relative position of the fertile stamens and petals
ed to be different. Wallich’s O. Bador is rather more pubescent than the other
mens,

2. 0. imbricata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 164; scandent, unarmed, leaves
wate-oblong acute, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascending scarcely
cx than the bracts. Wal. Cat. 6775 A, B; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt.

Cirrragong and Marrapan at Amherst, Wallich.—Disrri. Java, Philippines.

Branches slender, terete, young shoots puberulous. Leaves distichous, 4 by 12 in. and

wards, coriaceous, glabrous, base rounded ; petiole }in. Racemes axillary, compact,
Provided, when young with large (for the genus), ovate, concave, imbricate bracts so
35 to resemble the spikelets of a Briza (Roxb.), ultimately about 1 in., dichotomous,
many-flowered ; peduncles puberulous. Flowers nearly 1 in. Petals 6, combined in

glabroa, Fertile stamens 3, nearly as long as the 6 bifid staminodes. Fruit § in., ovoid,

3.0. wi 779: shrubby or arborescent, leaves
* Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6779; shrubby o f ,
th ate-oblong, racemes many-flowered lax, peduncles drooping longer than
e bracts. JE. and A. Prodr. i. 89; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 27 ; Thwaites
yum, 42: Beddome Fl, Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. 9, f. 2. O. lucida, Heyne in
iK Cat. 6777, O. psittacorum, Vahl Enum, 233 partly ex W. & A. Prodr.
* O. zeylanica, Wall. Cat. 6777 Bi. i f
the TERN. PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards; Maracoa, Grifith ; CEYLoN, in
A gamer parts of the island. .
lab rub or small tree ( Beddome), a scandent shrub (Dalz. andGibs.). Branches terete,
EM Leaves 3-4 by 14 in. ; glabrous, shining above, paler beneath; petiole 4 in.,
Fibrous or puberulous, Raceme 1 in., axillary, solitary or clustered, simple or
Tagal peduncles lin.distichous. Flower-buds cylindric-clavate. Flower }-} in.
cupular, puberulous. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 3, half the length of the

576 XXXIX. OLACINEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Olaz.

petals, Staminodes 5, bifid, nearly as long as the petals. Ovary ovoid. Fruit oblong,
nearly covered by the closely adherent glabrous calyx. "n

Var. 1. bracteata, racemes elongated half as long as the leaves, bracts 2-3
longer than the peduncles ovate leafy. — Bombay, Law. This may be merely an
accidental variation.

4. O. zeylanica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 532; arborescent, leaves ora
acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, racemes many-flowered, peduncles ascen us
scarcely exceeding the bracts. Wall, Cat. 6776 A, 6776 B1; W. & A. Prodr.
i. 88; Thwaites Enum. 42; Beddome Fl. Sylv. Yx.

Cryton, southern parts of the island, Thwaites. inkled,

A. small tree. oung branches acutely angled, glabrous, transversely onmes
loosely divaricate. Leaves 2 by 3 in. glabrous, shining; petiole } in. ad et
axillary twice the length of the petiole, rachis puberulous, peduncles subten: pe as
bract of about equal length. — F'lower-bud cylindric-clavate. Flowers j in. t Mavic
rim crenulate. Petals 5, oblong, many times longer than the calyx. Fertile sta
3, shorter than the 5 bifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid. Fruit ovoid-oblong, obtuse.

5. O. merguensis, Planch. in Herb. Kew ; arborescent, leaves oblon
lanceolate acuminate, base tapering, racemes many-flowered, peduncles
cending scarcely exceeding the bracts.

Tenassermm ; at Mergui, Griffith ; MALACCA, Maingay. . š x

A low tree. Branches reri. glabrous. Leaves 5 by 14 in., glabrous, or ys
petiole 4in. Racemes solitary or many from the same axil, rather longer Pn
petiole, simple or branched, erect; peduncles puberulous. Bracts ovate, anit e 6, in3
overlapping when young. Flowers 4 in., whitish, fragrant.- Petals usu 2 " the

airs, or 5,rarely three. Fertile stamens 3, opposite the petals, nearly as tong
ifid staminodes. Ovary ovoid-conic.

6. O. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6781; shrubby, branchlets angu lar, e
ovate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, racemes few-flowered, pedune 6780.
flexed. Benth. in Linn. Trans, xviii, 678. O. Heyneana, Wall. Gat.

O. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6782. . - ASSAM

Sitner, Wallich ; Khasia Mts., alt. 2000 ft., E. f. & T.; Buoran, Grifith; Ass
Jenkins. . Leaves 2-4

A scandent? shrub. Branches glabrous, yellow, divaricate, virgate. eduncles
by 3-14 in., glabrous, acute, base tapering; petiole Jj in. Racemes very short, P a
distichons. Flower-buds ovoid-conic. Flowers minute. Calyx pateriform rter than
oblong-lanceolate, apex incurved. Fertile stamens 3, opposite the petals, s oid-oblong,
the 6 bifid staminodes; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid. Fruit in. ovo!
obtuse, glabrous, orange-coloured.

te
7. O. nana, Wall. Cat. 6783 A,B; suffruticose, leaves oblon g-lanceols
peduncles solitary 1-flowered, Benth. in Linn. Trans. xviii. 678. tward
Hot Valleys of the WEsTERN Himataya, ascending to 5000 ft. from Nipal wes
and in the PANJAB. by $ in,
Shoots herbaceous, from a contracted woody stock, virgate. Leaves N Flowers
subsessile, glabrous, black in drying; petiole 4 in. Flower-buds obovor 3, opposite
scarcely 4 in. Petals 3, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse. Fertile stamens A oP
to the petals. Staminodes bifid, longer than the fertile stamens. Ovary hos curious
l-celled. Fruit globular, pea-like, L-celled, 1-seeded.—This is one of t oor
plants, which like Grewia nana, appear never to form a trunk, but only à ttle &c.
stock from which the shoots originate every year and are destroyed by fire, chus

3. OCHANOSTACHYS, Mast.
merous,

A tree or shrub, Leaves alternate, petiolate, l-nerved. Flowers DW oq
on long, slender, branching axillary Sites. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-1008”

Ochanostachys.| xXx1X. OLACINEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 577

not accrescent ? Petals 4-5, free, valvate, hairy within, Stamens 12-15,
YPogynous, or adherent to the base of the petals, or arranged in groups of
3 before the petals, filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers minute, didymous,
pening longitudinally. Staminodes 0. Disk hypogynous, fleshy, very
shallow, annular, or inconspicuous. Ovary free, ovoid, incompletely 3-celled
beneath, 1-celled above ; Style cylindric, stigma minute capitate obscurely
3lobed ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of a central
Placenta. Fruit unknown.—DisTRrB. Species 1 or 2 natives of the Malay
eninsula and Borneo, In technical characters allied to Ximenia, but dif-
ering in habit, arrangement of the leaves, inflorescence and number of
stamens. The name refers to the thong-like inflorescence.

L. O. amentacea, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, base acute, spikes
ut as long as the leaves.

Maracca, Maingay, Griffith.— Distr. Borneo. .

ranches terete. Leaves 5-6 by 24 in., coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire, 1-nerved,
secondary pairs of nerves about 5, rather distant, arching; petiole 3 in. Flower-bud
meta oblong. Flowers py in. Calyx puberulous. Stamens 1 shorter than the

4, CTENOLOPHON, Oliv.

Trees, Leaves opposite, petiolate, sim le, 1-nerved. Znflorescence panicled-
cymose, terminal. PP lows regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous. Calyx
Sparted ; lobes imbricate, not aecrescent. Petals 5, free, imbricate, oblong,
fiflexed after flowering. Stamens 10, free, springing from a short, ring-like

eee disk, those opposite the petals longer than the others; anthers
E sh, apiculate, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Staminodes ©. Ovar
Tee, shortly stalked, imperfectly 2-celled ; style cylindric, apex bifid,

gas capitate; ovules in pairs in each cell, collateral, pendulous, rui

Tlàceous or crustaceous, l-celled, 1-seeded, dehiscing irregularly, Seed

ulous from the apex of a free central placenta, and provided with a
» pectinate erest,. —DrsTRIB, 2 known species, both Malayan.

di c. parvifolius, Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii. 516, t. 43; leaves
ptic shortly and obtusely acuminate, ovarian cavity reaching nearly to
* base of the style,
Matacca, Maingay. . i
shi ranchlets glabrous, purplish. Leaves 9-44 by 14-12 in., coriaceous, glabrous,
mE above, reticulate beneath, base rounded ; petiole 5-4 in., channelled. Inflores-
nee about the length of the leaves, cano-tomentose, panicled-cymose ; pedicels short,
m Bracts A; in., caducous, ovate, deltoid. Flowers Y in. — Calyz-lobes roundish,
Nei tomentose outside, subglabrous within. Petals 5, erect, four times longer than
tha calyx-]o es, coriaceous, oblong, recurved, downy. outside, except at the overlapped
is "gm. Anthers adnate. Ovary ovoid-globose, hirsute, surrounded at the base by an
nular disk, 2-celled; style elongate, 2-furrowed, glabrous. Fruit 41-3 in., ellipsoid ;
"carp woody, crustaceous, splitting on one side. Seeds with an arilloid crest.

wi c. grandifolius, Oliv. l.c. ; leaves oblong shortly and obtusely acu-
Nate, ovarian cavity scarcely exceeding in length the hypogynous disk.
Lacoa, Maingay. . : .

miang lets terete, glabrous. Leaves 34-7 by 14-2] in., coriaceous, glabrous, entire,

b. Prominent beneath; petiole 4-4 in., glabrous or pruinose. Inflorescence sub-

midal, peduncles ascending, articulate at the nodes, pedicels exceeding the calyx.

ache Seale-like, caducous. J'lowers 3-4 in. Sepals equal, roundish, concave, coria-

Pm -tomentose outside, glabrous within. Petals 5-6 times longer than the

L. y PP

578 XXXIX. OLACINEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Ctenolophon.

sepals, linear-oblong, cano-tomentose. Pollen-grains large, 5—6-gonous, compressed.
Ovary ovoid, densely hirsute, angular, 2-celled, dissepiment perforate ; style short, gla-
brous above. Fruit not seen.

5 ERYTHROPALUM, Blume.

Climbing cirhose shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, palmi-
nerved. Zendrils axillary. Peduncles axillary, dichotomous, ultimate
pedicels umbellate, ebracteate, Flowers hermaphrodite (moncecious Blume).
Calyx adherent, limb 4-5-parted. Corolla rotate-campanulate, deeply
5-lobed, lobes valvate. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, filaments very short;
anthers incurved, adnate, introrse, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise at the sides;
connective thick. Stamnodes 5, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, an
springing with the stamens from the throat of the corolla. Ovary semi-
adherent, obconic, tapering at the apex into a short style, 1-celled, some-
times (always?) provided with an epigynous disk ; stigma minute 3-lobed ;
ovules 1-3, pendulous from the apex of the ovarian cavity, naked. ne
fleshy, indehiscent, ovoid-oblong or clavate, surmounted by the remains 9
the calyx, 1-celled ; epicarp (calyx 1) ultimately separating from the fruit m
3-5 fleshy, reflexed valves. Seed 1, pendulous, albumen fleshy ; embryo
minute.—DisTRiB. The following are the only known species :—

1, E. scandens, Blume Bijdr. 921; leaves glabrous membranous ovate
or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, base subpeltate rounded or acute, flogen
less than 3; in. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 704; Wall. Cat. 9033, withou
name. Cocculus calophyllus, Wall. Mss. in kerb.

Sinner, Wallich; Knasia Mrs., alt. 2-2400 ft., H. f.& T.; Peau, Kurz; MALACCA,
Maingay.—DuisrRiB. Java. th
th.

Branches striated, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 23 in., 3-7-nerved, glaucous p
Tendrils (abortive peduncles) simple or bifid, thickened towards the apex. Cymes
axillary, lax, much branched, many-flowered, peduncles 3-4 in. ; branches divaricate,
ultimate pedicels umbellate, longer than the flower. Bractcoles minute. Calyx our
shaped, obscurely 4-5 toothed. Corolla deeply 5-parted, lobes ovate. Ovary wn
style short. Fruit 2-1 in. by } in., 1.celled, epicarp, (persistent calyx), yellowish,
mately separating from above downwards into 3—4 valves.

2. E. populifolium, Mast, ; leaves subcoriaceous ovate or roundish
acuminate, base cordate subpeltate, flowers exceeding js 1n. Mackay
populifolia, Arn. in Mag. Zool. Bot. 1838, ii. 531.

Travancor, at Courtallum, Wight. i i
Glabrous. Leaves 5 by E ON 3-7-nerved, glaucous beneath ; petiole i ous
Peduncles axillary, 1 or more together, or on a short thick spur, slender, dicho tbe :
few-flowered, pedicels longer than the flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely a "^ ry
Corolla rotate, deeply 5-parted, lobes oblong, much longer than the calyx. blong oF
ovoid, semi-adherent, L-celled: style short, subulate ; ovules 3. Fruit à in., oblong
ellipsoid.
te.
3. E. vagum, Mast.; leaves subcoriaceous ovate-oblong obtuse ici
base subpeltate cordate, ovary with an epigynous disk. Modeccops!

Griff. Notul. iv. 633 ; Ic. Pl. Ind. Ov. 628.

Troptcat HIMALAYA, from Nipal to Mishmi and Assam ; MALACCA, Griffith. V. ie

Leaves 64 by 44 in, 5-7-nerved ; petiole 2 in. — Peduncle 7-8 in. Calyx ts ovate,
margin obscurely 5-toothed. Corolla deeply 5-lobed ; lobes herbaceous, ob ne ynous
reflexed. Filaments filiform, anthers minute. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 1-celled, ee
disk large, 5-lobed, lobes opposite the sepals; style short, subulate, ipa

Erythropalum.] — xxxix. OLACINEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 579

ovules 3, pendulous, anatropal. Fruit 1 in., ovoid-oblong, surmounted by the remains
of the disk, epicarp fleshy whitish; mesocarp somewhat bony, brownish; endocarp
whitish, spongy. Seed solitary, large, pendulous, ovoid, acute below, without coat
or distinction of parts except a trace of a radicle (Griffith).— The structure of the seed
requires further investigation. Materials are wanting for this purpose.

6. STROMBOSIA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs, Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, 1-nerved. 7»florescence
ymose, cymes short. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, dichlamydeous.
yx cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, inferior, or partly superior. Petals
free, hairy within. Stamens 5, opposite the petals and adnate to their
; anthers 2-celled, introrse, Staminodes 0. Ovary wholly superior, or
partly inferior, imperfectly 4-5-celled, surreunded by a perigynous 5-lobed
in ; Style simple; ovules 4—5, pendulous from a central placenta. rui
paceous, surmounted by the remains of the calyx-lobes and of the style ;
ne crustaceous, Seed pendulous, embryo minute within fleshy albumen.
bas Species 6, natives of the Western peninsula, Ceylon and the
hipelago. In the Indian species I find the flowers cleistogamous.

Sor, 1, Eustrombosia. (vary free.

le, S javanica, Blume Bijdr. 1154; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i, 251 c. ic. ;
Aves oblong acuminate entire, base rounded, calyx obscurely 5-lobed.
4. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 787.

fasten PENINSULA; Texasserm, Helfer; Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.
1 i tree with hard white wood. Branches terete, purplish, glabrous. Leaves
Jy 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous; petiole 4-2 in. Flower-bud ellipsoid. Flowers
dana greenish, in short axillary cymes, which scarcely exceed the petiole. Calys
m 9" free, but accrescent and adherent to the fruit. Petals 5, much exceeding the
| short ob/ong, coriaceous, slightly hairy within near the revolute tip. Stamens 5,
vede than the petals. Ovary conical, style short. Fruit drupaceous, turbinate,
sane late, by abortion 1-seeded.— Although the ovary of tbis species is free, the fruit

‘rent (Blume confirmed by Baillon).

aly? Lavallea (Baillon, genus). Ovary more or less adherent to the

+ 3, S. ce . at , d ° ] ves

x ylanica, Garda, in Calc, Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. 350; leaves
p MNilateral oblong-lanceolate acuminate entire, calyx 5-fid. Mig. P7. Ind.
w l pt. i, 787 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 137. Strombosia javanica, Thwaites
lii E 42,.not of Blume, Spherocarya leprosa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ.
ap 3 Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, F1. 223. Lavallea ceylanica, Baill. Adansonia, ii.

pots PENINSULA ; in the Concan and Canara. CEvrox, in forests of the Central
ru. alt. 3000 ft.

° or shrub with greyish bark. Leave s

h-1 OT Somewhat tapering ; petiole $ in. Flower-buds oblong-clavate. Flowers
te n, subsessile, in axillary glomerules, or ou a thick spur. Calyz-lobes rounded,

Mex, -tals 3 times longer than the calyx-lobes, acute, hairy within, tips ultimately
OM Ovary 4—5-celled below, ovules 5. Fruit 1 m., pyriform, rugose, deep purple,
the lea’ Scaly, tuberculate when ripe.—The species varies 1n stature and in the form

Peiusula The Cingalese forms have often more oblique leaves than those from the

8 6 by 2} in., glabrous, coriaceous, base

PP 2

580 XXXIX, OLACINEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Anacolosa.

7. ANACOLOSA, Blume.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, Lnerved. ei nt
cence cymose, axillary. Calyæ cup-shaped, 5—7-toothed, no a pane
Petals 5-7, free, valvate, springing with the stamens from an YPEY Tightly
perigynous disk, Stamens concealed in the cavity of the petals anc anthers
adnate to their base, filaments glabrous, or pilose at the. AD cell od
basifixed, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary imper d. y vules 2-3,
below, 1-celled above; style simple, stigma shortly lobed; s d by the
pendulous from a centra! placenta. Fruit drupaceous, ete ney embryo
accrescent disk; stone crustaceous, l-seeded. Seed pen hi Ker thàn the
minute, at the apex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior " di i the Malay
cotyledons.—Disrris, Species 5 or 6, natives of Southern India,
peninsula, and archipelago.

, dv.
1. A. densiflora, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 211, t 22; peis
t. 138; leaves oblong acuminate, base rounded, cymes many-iio
calyx glabrous.

TRAVANCOR, on the Anamallay hills, Beddome. . shinin
A lofty tree. Branches terete. Leaves 4-5 by 13-2 in., glabrous, fragran
petiole } in. Cyme 7-20-flowered, pedicels } in., as long as the y e 4-6 P vate-lanceo-
Flower-buds ovoid, conic. Calyx cup-shaped, 4—6-toothed. Petals Harter than the
late, reflexed at the tips, hispid within. Filaments glabrous, ri disk 3.celled, ce
petals, anthers roundish glabrous. Ovary surrounded by a broat q ,
1-ovulate ; style simple, scarcely so long as the ovary, stigma 3-lobed.

ends,
2. A. ilicoides, Mast. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute at both
cymes few-flowered lax, calyx glabrous.

Kuasta Mrs, J. D. A. & T. T. . riaceous ;

A small.spreading tree. Bark grey. Leaves 5-6 by 2 in, glabrous, pedicel as
petiole 4-2 in. Peduncle half the length of the petiole, dividing n belobose, Calyt
long as itself, or cymes sessile, umbellate. Flower-buds ovoi ^ "ime s longer than
glabrous, cup-shaped, 5-6-fid, lobes deltoid. Petals 5-6, 2 or t above the anther.
the sepals, coriaceous, oblong, inflexed at the points, hairy within ju aio, impe
Filaments broad, glabrous; anthers subglobose. Ovary depressed conic,
3-celled ; ovules 3. Fruit unknown.

es
3. A. Griffithii, Mast.; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, CP
few-flowered, calyx glabrous.

TENASSERIM and ANDAMAN Isnawps, Griffith, Kurz. . . s, glabrous;
Shrub or tree? Branches slender, marth Leaves 23 by 11n., alf ar fength ot
petiole š in. Cymes axillary, sessile, or on a short scaly spur ; pedices d. Petals 2% 3
the petiole. Power buds subglobose. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-6 tooo ` Ovary conical,
times longer than the sepals. Filaments much shorter than the petals.
2-3-celled ; style short, stigma obscurely lobed ; ovules 2-3.

. d, cyme

4. A. Maingayi, Mast; leaves suborbicular, base rounded,
few-flowered, calyx glabrous.

SiNCAPORE, Maingay. in. each Way:

A tree or shrub? P gark grey, rugose, tubercled. Leaves Met 2 dicels glabrous
coriaceous, glabrous, venation obscure ; petiole 4 in. Cymes axil e T base. š
shorter than the petiole, each with 2-3 minute, squamiform bas 5, oblong, valvis
buds oblong. Calyx cup-shaped, minutely 5-toothed. “Pet Ovary suron q
Filaments glabrous, much shorter than the petals ; anthers oblong. stigma 3o
by a 5-lobed disk, imperfectly 3-celled ; style as long as the ovary,
ovules 3, pendulous. Fruit the size of a pea, glaucous, globose.

g, entire :
nt flowers.

Anacolosa] — xxxix. OLACINER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 581

5. A. puberula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii, 297; leaves
oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate, base acute, calyx puberulous.

ANDAMAN Isrps., Kurz.

A large shrub. Leaves 5-6 in. shortly petioled, glabrous, coriaceous. Peduncles
short, erect, puberulous, springing from a short, thick, axillary spur. Calyx covered
with yellowish down (Kurz). —I have nót seen this species.

6. A. ? heptandra, Maingay in herb. ; leaves lanceolate, base acute,

yx puberulous, filaments hairy.

MALACCA, Maingay. , ,

A shrub or tree. Leaves 6 by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous; petiole 1 in. Peduncles
1-6, axillary, tufted, about the length of the petiole, puberulous. F'lower-buds
oblong-trancate, Flower 3y in. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5 (7, Maingay),

vate, coherent, ultimately free, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse, concave, triangular at the
apex, hairy on the middle of the inner surface, edges membranous. Stamens 5
(i Maingay ), hypogynous, opposite the petals, filaments broadly strap-shaped, bilobed at

apex, and provided with a tuft of bristly hairs ; anthers minute, didymous, concealed
by the hairs of the filament ; pollen-grains triangular. Ovary depressed-globuse, lobed,
‘wrounded by au annular disk, imperfectly 2-3-celled; style conic-fusiform as long
ès the ovary, stigma minutely 2-3-toothed; ovules 2-3, pendulous.—A remarkable
species. The flowers I examined were pentamerous. Maingay says in a note that it
‘grees with Anacolosa in all respects but the heptamerous flowers.

8. SCHG:PFIA, Schreb.

Trees, Branches terete or angular. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate.
Racemes axillary, many-flowered. Flowers fragrant, yellow. £pwalyx cup-
ma bed, deeply 3-lobed. Calyx adherent to the ovary, limb o solete.
prola perigynous, tubular, limb 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5, epipetalous,
filaments slender ; anthers free, glabrous, 2-celled, attached below the middle

* apex of the filament ; pollen triangular. Ovary half-superior, sur-
mounted by a fleshy epigynous disk, 3-celled beneath, 1-celled at the top;

* cylindric, stigma capitate, 3-lobed ; ovules 3, cylindric, pondutvas
e the apex of a central placenta, Fruit drupaceous, surrounded - e

by the persistent epicalyx, marked above by the remains of the ca yz

Corolla ; stone thin, striated, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Æmbryo minute, in the
pex of fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex.—

IB. Species 3-4, natives of the Himalaya and of tropical South
America, ?

1. S. fra I t. Fl. Nep. 18, t. 9; leaves narrow lanceolate
Wail nate. e AP T Gre Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 629. S. odorata,
at. A85,

Near We ` .
allich. K Mrs, Griffith.
13 all tree, Bark corky me Grif Branches terete, smooth. Leaves scattered,
y = ?

or
the cent

ngth ; anthers 1 i tals, connective prolonged above.
Ovar, on a level with the hairs on the petals, co Á š h
th nearly twine the length of the calyx.—The emi varies considerably in the size
e

à bracts of which differ from the calyx of Anacolosa and Cathedra (with which they

589 XXXIX. OLACINEZX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Schepfia.

2. S. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 486; leaves obiong-lanceolate acute,
flowers š in.

Sumner and the Kuasta Mrs., Wallich, &c.; Mrsuwr Hitts, Griffith. .

A tree. Young branches angular. Leaves 6 by 13—2 in., glabrous, very acute at the
apex, less so at the base; petiole lin. Pedicels lin. picalyx cup-shaped, scarcely
lobed. Corolla $in., yellow, fragrant, tubular-campannlate, limb 5-lobed ; lobes valvate,
ovate-acute, hairy within. Stamens and ovary as in S. fragrans.—This differs from
S. fragrans in its broader leaves, shorter pedicels, and much larger flowers.

In the herbarium are specimens from Griffith collected in Bhotan (n. 1819), which
are very imperfect, but which apparently belong to a third species of Schæpfia, charac-
terized by short ovate or oblong-acute leaves, with closer venation than in 4. fragrans
or S. acuminata.

9, CANSJERA, Juss.

Climbing shrubs, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate, shortly petioled,
l-nerved. Flowers bracteate, in dense axillary spikes, monoc lamy-
deous, hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, 4-5-parted, lobes valvate. Fertile
stamens as many as the lobes of the perianth, and opposite to them, fila-
ments glabrous, free, or adnate at the base to a thickened disk ; anthos
small, oblong, adnate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Staminodes (glan
of disk) 4-5, hypogynous, alternate with the stamens, ovoid or subtriangulen
fleshy. Ovarysuperior, ovoid-conical, 1-celled ; stylecylindric, stigma capita
4-lobed, lobes alternating with the fertile stamens ; ovule solitary, pendu-
lous. Fruit drupaceous, surrounded at the base by the marcescent perian ;
stone bony. Seed solitary, erect, roundish ; embryo in the upper part of the
fleshy albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons sometimes 3 very long plano-
convex.—DisTRIB. Species 3-4, natives of Tropical Asia and Australia.

In the description of the ovary “and seed I have followed Griffith, as my observatione
coincide with his. Bentham finds a true calyx, which others have not been able to see,
nor have I been able to detect one. Miers says the ovary is 4-celled at the base, but
have only seen it 1-celled, as Bentham describes it. Many authors, including Meissner
and Miers, place this genus in Thymelacew, an arrangement I myself prefer, "Ede
gefault of more certainty as to the real structure of the flower, the genus is here retain

cine.

l C. Rheedii, (el. Syst. i. 280; leaves glabrous ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, spikes axillary solitary or twin. Wall Cat. 1043, B ; Wight
t. 1861; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat, Anal, Gen. t. xxvi.; Thwaites Enum., D L
Brandis, For. Flor. 75. `C. scandens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. 103 ; FI. Ind. 1.
C. malabarica, Lamk. Dict. iii, 433, C. zizyphifolia, Grif. Notul. 1v. à "
t. 537, f. 1. C. martabanica, Wall, Cat. 7266. Salvadora persica, Wall. i
1042, not of Linn. Olax? sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Dat. Suppl. i, 342
Opilia amentacea, Wall. Cat, 2331. Struthiola scandens, Wall. Vat. 2331.

Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 2, 4.

f Upper Ganeetic PLAIN, in forests of Oude; WESTERN PENINSULA, from the
and Dekkan southwards. Eastern PkxixsuLA, in Martaban and Malacca.—
Indian Archipelago, Hong Kong, N. Australia. - nes,

A climbing evergreen shrub. Branches divaricate sometimes spiny, younger 5 by
as well as the inflorescence petioles and tube of flower, pubescent. Leaves e ue ;
2-14 in., coriaceous, yellowish and rugose when dry, base rounded, sometimes 9h about
nortoe depressed, arching, evanescent towards the apex; petiole yg-ẹ in. uh ina
viste, Hub aoe praes minute. Flowers yellow. mitre Se

š Cu adem pow : -re

by the remains of the style. en cie eee

Concan

Cansjera.] XXXIX. OLACINER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 583

2. C. parvifolia, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 298 ; leaves
pubescent and pilose rounded or ovate acute,

Tenasserm, Helfer.

A shrubby climber? Shoots, leaves and inflorescence pubescent and with stiff forked
hairs. Leaves 4 by 3 in., coriaceous, base rounded ; petiole very short. Bracts ovate,
acute. Perianth rz in., funnel-shaped or urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes ovate, ulti-
mately spreading. Stamens 4, free, springing from a perigynous disk, opposite the
lobes of the perianth ; anthers small, introrse. Glands of disk (staminodes) ovoid, acute,
feshy. Ovary oblong.

10. LEPIONURUS, Blume.

Arborescent, Leaves alternate, shortly petioled, simple, l-nerved. Znflo-
rewence axillary, of numerous densely packed trichotomous umbellate
cymes, each subtended by an ovate bract. Flowers monochlamydeous,

ar, hermaphrodite, Perianth urceolate, limb 4-parted ; lobes valvate,
glabrous within, Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the perianth
and Opposite to them; anthers glabrous. Staminodes 0. Disk fleshy,
yellow, lining the base of the perianth-tube. Ovary free, obiong, conical ;
Stigma sessile 4-lobed ; ovule solitary. Fruit drupaceous, glabrous, stone
tustaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo small, in the axis of fleshy albumen
Tadicle terete, cotyledons ternate.—DisTRrB. Species 2, natives of Tropica

ia,

l L. oblongifolius, Mast.; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate
acuminate, Leptonium oblongifolium, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv.
Opilia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 7206 F.
Eastern BENGAL, Assam, and the Kuasia Mrs., ascending to 2000 ft. Anon HILLS,
iud 7 TENASSERIM at Mergui, Grifith. Maracca, AMaingay.—DisrRis. Java,
atra, .
Branches greenish, subangular, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 13-2} in., membranous,
abrous, base acute; petiole 1-4 in. Pedicels twice the length of the petiole. Bracts
in, membranous, roundish, imbricating when young. Flowers minute. Fruit 4 by
„n.—The flowers are minute and the specimens very imperfect, hence the flowers are
«rently described by different authors. In the absence of more complete material,
I !8 not possible to decide which view is the more correct. In the generic description
ave followed Griffith, as the results of my own examinations, so far as they have
du are in accordance with his. Wallich’s 7464 A may possibly also belong to
„enus, but the material is too scanty for accurate determination. Its flowers are in
axillary spikes, and have a monochlamydeous, 5-parted, campanulate perianth, isome-
Tous Stamens opposite the lobes, 2-celled anthers dehiscing longitudinally and a free
Toundish Ovary, ?

11. OPILIA, Roxb.

Scandent shrubs or low trees. Leaves alternate, distichous, simple, entire,
l-nerved, shortly petioled. Flowers numerous, in axillary, racemose
"mes, each cyme umbellate, Bracts deciduous, Calyx minute, annular,
Obscurely 5-toothed, not accrescent. Petals 5. Fertile stamens 5, free, oppo:
Bor" petals ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Glands of the as
le nodes) alternating with the petals, thick, fleshy. Ovary free, sess e,
ed; style short, stigma minute; ovule solitary, pendulous. ruit

Daceous. Seed albuminous ; radicle superior.—DISTRIE. Species 1 or 2
natives of the tropics of the Old World.

l. 0. ament "Cor. Pl. ii. t. 158; FL Ind. ii. 87 ; leaves ovate
or ovate-lanceolato Wight ZU. t 40 ; Thwaites Enum. 41; Mig. Fl. Ind.

984 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Opilia..

Bat. i. pt. 1.784 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. ix. f. 3. O. javanica, Mig. FI.
Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 174, Ximenia ! olacoides, W. & A. Prodr. 1. 89. f

Western PexixsuLa; Northern Circars, Roxburgh; Pulney Mts, Wight; f x
Kurz; CxYLow, in hot dry parts of the island, UAwaites——Drrris. Islands of the
Archipelago, tropical Australia and Africa.

A low scrambling shrub, or small weak tree; herbaceous portions puero
Leaves 2-4 by 14-2 in., coriaceous, glabrous, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, entire, i pene
arch-nerved, base tapering; petiole }-4 in. Racemes 1-1} in., erect, before over
resembling cones. Flowers crowded. Bracts imbricate, at first concealing the ee
peltate, roundish, deciduous. Pedicels 4 in., puberulous. Flowers š m. ] e "t
minute. Petals 5, deciduous, each 4 in., oblong, obtuse, alternating with the lo ° 9
the calyx. Glands (staminodes?) oblong, obtuse, half the length of the stanon
Drupe ovoid or globose. Embryo linear nearly as long as the albumen.—Beddo
describes the ovule as erect, but this is probably an oversight.

12, LASIANTHERA, Pal. de Beauv.

Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent. eaves petioled, alternate, simpy
1-nerved, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, stalked. Flowers dichlamydeous, 5 free
phrodite or unisexual. Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, á
or rarely cohering, without an inflexed point and with no prominent "a 4
Stamens 5, hypogynous, free, alternate with the petals, filaments flat, oe
above, hairy behind, hairs curving over the anther in the bud ; 1 ore
adnate, 2-lobed, dehiscing lengthwise. Hypogynous disk cup-shaped, m
or less lobed. Ovary ovoid, 1-celled, tapering intoa subulate style, pudor on
by a minute stigma ; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit drupaceous ; stone Jedons
outside, woody within. Seed pendulous; embryo in albumen, coty fri wt
leafy broad, radicle superior (Thwaites) DISTRIB. Species 4-5, 1 Aimer
the others Malayan,

l. L. apicalis, Thwaites Enum. 43 and 403; leaves oboyate-oblong
shortly and abruptly acuminate, petals free or nearly so, fruit op rn
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 139. Urandra apicalis, Thwaites in Hook. Kew intr
vii. 211. Stemonurus apicalis, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 110 ; Oreos
i. 305. ? S. secundiflorus, Blume Bijdr. 649. Lasianthera secun
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. t, ii.

Cryton; in damp forests, alt. 1-3000 ft, T'hwaites.—Disrnis. Borneo. , s, gla
A large tree. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 1n. coriaceou cae
brous, midrib depressed above, prominent beneath, base tapering into a short Preste
i-i in. Peduncles about as long as the petiole, axillary, subsolitary, cymes uo
7-12 fl. Flowers greenish-purple. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes roundish, than
3 or 4 times longer than the calyx, ovate or roundish. Stamens as long as or longer ing
the petals. Ovary ovoid, surrounded by an hypogynous cupular lobulate disk, tap is
alove into a subulate style, stigma minute. Drupe 1j by $ in., stone woody Pn the
mesocarp fibrous. Testa consolidated with the pericarp. Embryo half the size oF

albumen; cotyledons leafy, cordate-ovate, acute, as long as the superior rave™
(Thwaites,)

2, L. malaccensis, Mast. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate abruptly acum!
nate, calyx puberulous, petals coherent.
Mauacca, Maingay. idrib
A scandent shrub (Maingay). Leaves 4}-5} by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous. n Ww
prominent, secondary nerves obscure ; petiole scarcely 4 in. Cymes axillary, m nd.
peduncle compressed, as long as the petiole ; pedicels shorter than the flowers, gees the
rs iin. Calyx shallow, lobes deltoid acute. Petals 4-5 times longer nts fat,
calyx, slightly coherent, externally glabrous, linear, spotted within. Fiame

Tasianthera.] — xxxix. OLACINER, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 585

dilated above, slightly hairy in front beneath the anther, densely so behind. Hypogy-
we disk cup-shaped, more or less 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary half the
length of the stamens, ovoid, rugulose ; style conic, stigma minute. Fruit unknown.

3. L. Maingayi, Mast. ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or sub-
acuminate, base acute, fruit small ovoid obtuse.

Maracca, Maingay.

À shrub about 4 ft. (Maingay). Branches virgate. Leaves 2-3 by $—1 in., coriaceous,
glabrous; petiole iin. Peduncle axillary, about the length of the petiole, dichotomous,
ultimate pedicels drooping, shorter than the flowers. Flowers pendulous, à in. Mare fl.:
Calyz minute, cup-shaped, 4—5 toothed, teeth shallow acute. Petals 4-5, much exceed-
ng the calyx, free, coriaceous, oblong-acuminate, (acumen inflexed,) glabrous on both
surfaces or slightly pilose within, midrib prominent on the inner surface. Stamens 4-5,

laments flat, with a tuft of hairs at the back curving over the anther. Pistil rudimen-
* FEMALE fl. : Fruit 4-4 in., 1-celled, 1-seeded.

4%? lanceolata, Mast.; leaves lanceolate pointed at both ends,
"mes terminal, petals free villous internally.

Matacca, Mt, Ophir, Grifith.
dac 4-5 by 3-1 in., glabrous; petiole } in. Cymes terminal, half the length

the leaf; peduncle trichotomous; pedicels divaricate, densely tomentose, shorter
5 9 lower. Flower-buds clavate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped,
toothed. Petals 4-5, ultimately free, lanceolate, inflexed at the apex and marked
wit ^ prominent nerve. Stamens 4-5, filaments flat, shorter than the petals, pilose
front beneath the anther, densely so behind, hairs curling over the anther.
Comp ovoid, conical ; style short, stigma minute.—This may be a form of some

handra

13. GOMPHANDRA, Wall,

Trees, Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, l-nerved, Cymes axillary, ter-
M 9T opposite the leaves. /"/owers dichlamydeous, hermaphrodite, or
P'ygamo-dicecious, Calyx minute, cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Corolla cam-
ulate, 4-5 Jobeq ; lobes acuminate, inflexed, rarely entirely free, midrib
me ent within, Stamens 5, hypogynous, alternate with the petals, fila-
ate thick, dilated above, hairy at the back, hollowed in front to receive
2] anthers; anthers pendulous from the filiform apex of the filament,
Obed, ehiscing lengthwise ; pollen-grains triangular. Hypogynous d

l ck, annular or 0. Ovary effete in the male, oblong in the female flower,
a ; Style conie, stigma minute or style crowned by a stigmatiferous
p.29vules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle dilated into an “obturator.
ery Paceous, surmounted by the remains of the disk (stigma 9, dione
ti Staceous, Seed pendulous, surrounded by the raphe, albumen fles y
partite ; embryo minute.—DisTRiB. Species 5-6, natives of tropical Asia.

mnie t the freque isexual flowers and the imperfection of the materials, great
deg tin exists in Pooks ae to the characters and limitations of the genera Gomphan-
ti lemonurus, "This arises chiefly from the difficulty of determiniug ar core-
a o variations in the structure of the ovary. In some cases, in tho ee oware,
a fertile Ary Imentary pistil with a subulate style; in other cases this is develope n
f maj ferous ovary, the style retaining its conical shape. In a third series (t e
i ones flowers) the ovary is oblong and is apparently surmounted by a Beaby is
resce ^. Miers, however, considers this stigma-like body to be in rea ity m p
t epigynoug disk concealing the true style and stigma. The exact role r
8 one to the other, and their true nature cannot be surely determined from

Mtegoa di From Lasianthera, the most striking difference is the form of the

986 — XXXIX. OLACINEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) —[Gomphandra.

1. G. axillaris, Wall. Cat. 3718 ; leaves lanceolate, cymes axillary abort
the length of the petiole, flowers unisexual or polygamous. ee
Sylv. lxi. Lasianthera ? tetrandra, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, aoe
Platea axillaris, T'hwaites Enum. 44; Dalz. d Gibs: Bomb. Fi. 28, Kna
nurus axillaris, longifolius, Heyneanus, and ceylanicus, Miers Con Wall
90-93. S. polymorphus, Miers lc. i. 87, partly. Olax Heyneana, ndra
Cat. 6780. O. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6782, A partly, 6782 B. Gor Cat.
polymorpha, Wight Ic. 954, 9 partly.—Dicecia pentandra, .
6780 B.

Saer, Wallich; Westers PreNiwsULA from the Concan southwards; CEYLON,
from the sea level to 4000 ft., Thwaites. . ;

A small tree or large shrub, glabrous, or the terete branches slightly puberulis
Leaves 24-53 by 1-24 in., submembranous, conspicuously nerved, base. ted ' Erolla
4-4 in. Cymes puberulous. Calyx minute, 4—5-toothed, slightly ci " 1 ovile,
4-5 times longer than the calyx, tubular-campanulate, limb 4—5-lobed ; t. the Mises
acuminate, point inflexed, ultimately speading. Filaments flat, pilose a at Fit
Ovary small, oblong, smooth; style conic, stigma minute; disk AMA d large,
3 in. oblong, obtuse, smooth, crowned by the remains of the nd btuse, radicle
integument striated ; cotyledons very large, semicylindric, amygdaloid, o ubcapitate,
superior (Wallich). — Wallich describes the stigma as fleshy, broadis t Miers’ de-
ut my own examination of Wallich's specimens agrees with that one epigynons
scription and figure. What Wallich took for the stigma may thus be d rived from
disk of which Miers elsewhere makes mention. The Silhet habitat x ^ this plant
Wallich’s specimen of his number 6782. There is no other authority for
occurring in Eastern India.

jaceous
2. G. polymorpha, Wight Iii. 103; Ic. 953 (not 954) ; leaves the raves
roundish to lanceolate, base tapering, cymes terminal or opposite le, flowers
very rarely axillary; two or three times longer than the petio Bedd. Fl.
polygamous. Wall. Cat. 9024. G. coriacea, Wight Ill. i. EA eri 4
Sylv. Anal. Gen. t. ix. Stemonurus polymorphus, coriaceus, 98
Gardneri, Miers Contrib. i. 87. Platea Wightiana, Miers, l.c. i. 98.

Western PENINsULA, Nilghiri Mts., Wight; Cryton. : ube-
A small tree or large shrub, glabrous, or the young parts and leaves slightly Pasig
rulous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-23 in., more or less coriaceous, opaque, lowers $ ina
veined ; petiole 1-3 in. ` Cymes puberulous. F'lower-buds oblong-clavate. -nulate, lobes
4-5-merous, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx minute. Corolla campa or ulti-
acuminate, points inflexed. Stamens glabrous or slightly puberulous, nous disk;
mately agglutinated into a tube, at length exserted. Ovary on an Prae brown.—
style short, conic, stigma minute. Fruit 4-3 in., oblong or obovoid, re s shown, her-
The plant figured by Wight Icon. 953, as the male of this species has, & ence, refers
maphrodite flowers, and the stamens are destitute of hairs. Miers in conseq etals an
it to his Platea Wightiana, but it differs from Platea in the coheren, E riacea—
acute, not discoid, stigma. It is apparently the same form as Wight’s :
Very variable. Wight Ill. p. 103, distinguishes the following varieties :— in. longish
Var. 1. acuminata, leaves oval attenuate at both ends terminating
linear acumen. ly acumi
Van. 2. oblongifolia, leaves linear-oblong obtuse at both ends abrupt 7 v acd
Van. 3. angustifolia, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. narrow linear-lanceola
base acute.

oe 72 . : ded. š
Van. 4. longifolia, leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in. linear acuminate, base roun uminate-
Van. 5. ovalifolia, leaves 2-3 by 14 in. oval, obtuse at both ends or shortly ac

nate.
minate,

acute,
3. G. affinis, Mast. ; leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate, Mart rodite.
cymes axillary 2-3 times longer than the petiole, flowers

Gomphandra.] xxxix. oLACINEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 587

Stemonurus prasinus, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 249. S. affinis, Miers Contrib. i.
94 Lasianthera prasina, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 791.

Matacca, Grifith, Maingay.—Distrm. Java.

A tree or shrub. Branches angular, tortuous. Leaves 34-14 in., petiole 1-1 in.

edicels pubescent. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla 1 in., tubular-campanulate, 4—5-lobed,
lobes ovate acute. Filaments hairy at the back near the top. Ovary cylindric ; stigma

tge, discoid. Fruit oblong-obovate, narrowed at the base, surmounted by the remains
% the stigma. Seed solitary, integument brown, traversed by the raphe, albumen
copious ; embryo minute, radicle superior, cotyledons plano-convex (Griff. Mss. in herb.)

4. G. penangiana, Wall. Cat. 7204 ; leaves oblong-acuminate, cymes
extra-axillary erect much branched exceeding the petiole. Stemonurus
Penangianus, Miers Contrib. i. 90.

Penana, Wallich ; Maracoa, Griffith, Maingay. TENASSERM, at Moulmein, Lobb.

tree. Shoots terete, yellowish, glabrous. Leaves 51 by 2 in., coriaceous, glabrous,
margins revolute, base tapering; petiole 4 in. Peduncles 1 in. and upwards, setulose,

chotomous, ultimate pedicels shorter than the flower. Flower % in. Calyx
fateriform, 4-5-toothed. Corolla many times longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped ;
mb 4-5-fid, lobes acuminate inflexed at the point, midrib prominent on tbe inner
Surface. Stamens 4-5, free, hypogynous, filaments flat, hairy at the back. Pistil
rudimentary. FEMALE fl.: Ovary very short, 5-angled, depressed at the top ; style
qucal, tubular, 5-toothed at the apex (Miers). Immature fruit 4 in., ovoid.—Miers
“scribes the flowers of Wallich's plant as hermaphrodite. In Griffith's specimens,
Which are otherwise indistinguishable, they are unisexual. Arnott in Ann. des Sc. Nat.

t.) 1834, ii. 236, says, this plant does not belong to Gomphandra, but he gives no
Teason for this conclusion.

Š. G. tomentella, Mast. ; leaves pubescent beneath oblong-lanceolate
mh ainate, base acute, cymes axillary equalling the petiole, flowers herma-
age te. Stemonurus ? tomentellus, Kurz in Journ, As, Soc. Beng. 1872,

Shoots, petioles, under surface of leaves and inflorescence yellow-

one. Leaves 6-7 by 1-12 in. ; petiole 4in. Flowers } in. Calyx cup-shaped,

e toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, pubescent externally, lobes acute, inflexed. Mr

iM, filaments pilose at the apex behind and slightly so in front beneath the
» ary oblong, pilosulous, surmounted by a large discoid stigma.

Sete lat blong-lanceolate acu-
inate Crassipes, Mast. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong
Due pedicels pilose, Stemonurus? crassipes, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
3 - 1872, ii. 998,
EGU, Kurz. , .
shrub or small tre Leaves 5-7 by 2 in., subcoriaceous, glabrous ; petiole 4-4 in.
see axillary, as long as the petiole, ‘pedicels Ain. Calyx coriaceous, cup-shaped,
soothed, Immature fruit $4 in., turbinate, glabrescent, purplish, surrounded at the

e by the persistent calyx.—Imperfect specimens only known.

14, APODYTES, F. Meyer.

Trees or sh i imple, coriaceous, usually

A rubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, , J
back m drying. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes.
alte Minute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, free, valvate. amens ,
hatte With the petals "filaments dilated ; anthers long or short, o ong,
Omary d Sagittate, 2-lobed, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen triangular.
aie. l-celled, obliquely gibbous; style excentric, curved, stigma small ;
ales 2, pendulous, superposed. "Drupe obliquely ovoid, compressed, stone

988 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Apodytes.

i f fleshy albumen,

crustaceous. Seed pendulous; embryo small, in the apex of fi 0
cotyledons narrow — DISTRIB Species 9, natives of tropical Asia and
Africa.

* Anthers elongate, linear-oblong.

1. A. Benthamiana, Wight Je. 1153 ; leaves glabrous oblong obtu
at both ends margins revolute, anthers and ovary puberulous. .
Sylv. 140 var. a. . à

Wesrern PENINsULA in the Ninamimr Mrs. and Southern provinces, Wight,
Beddome. : i 8

Branches terete, glabrous, shoots puberulous. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1 m» teet,
black in drying ; petiole 3-1 in. — Panicles terminal, rigid, shorter t “Ovary hairy.
pedicels puberulous. Flowers } in. Petals inflexed at the point. f the style, an
Drupe $ by 4 in., ovoid, reniform, crowned with the persistent base o ,

bovate-
furnished with a lateral scutelliform appendage, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous, o
cuneate, compressed.

. _. ; 9, vol. ix.
2. A. Gardneriana, Miersin Ann, d Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, VC ate
389 ; Contrib. i. 58 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends abruptly acuminate

. 'hwartés
margins revolute, anthers glabrous, ovary slightly puberulous. Th
Enum. 42.

CevLox ; Central province, alt. 5-7000 ft., Gardner, Thwaites. . . imes
Bark wrinkled. "heaves 2-4 by $ in., black in drying; petiole ots n. the
peduncled, terminal, pedicels divaricate or ascending, ultimate pedicels s
flowers. Buds elongate, oblong. Flowers } in.

cu-
3. A. Beddomei, Mast. ; leaves membranous broadly ovate acute à

amiana, vat. 8,
minate, margins flat, anthers and ovary glabrous. A. Benthamiana, var. ^
Bedd. Fl. Sylv, 140,

Western PENINSULA in the Nilghiri Mts., and Travancore, Wight, & y acute ;
Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., black in drying, base he fl wert.
petiole |-) in. Pedicels pilosulous, ultimate pedicels shorter than the flo
oblong, obtuse, Flowers iin. Fruit Sin, wrinkled.

** Anthers short, oblong.

y . 1872,
.. 4. A. andamanica, Kurz Andam. Rep. 5; Journ. As. Soc. ry short
ii. 298; leaves oblong acuminate not black in drying, cymes ax
ANDAMAN IsLANDS, Kurz, -8 by 24
A small tree. Branches virgate, terete. Leaf-buds puberulous. Keent petiole
in., glabrous, base obtuse or acute, midrib depressed above promoo trigose.
lin. Cymes peduncled, peduncles not much exceeding the potio e, 8 E puberulous,
è i. Calyx puberulous, cup-shaped, scarcely lobed. Petals extem mm hort, oblong:
oblong-acute, midrib prominent within, Filaments flat, ligulate; anthe
Drupe 14 in.; stone fibrous woody,

15. MAPPTIA, Jacq.

mall, 1n
Trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, 1-nerved. shag ite witbin.
terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, usua 3, lobed, dorsi-
Stamens 5, hypogynous, alternate with the petals ; anthers ‘Disk hype
fixed, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen grains su gosdtese n s ovules 2
gynous, cup-shaped. Ovary superior, l-celled; style $ fleshy albumen,
pendulous, Frat drupaceous. Seed pendulous ; embryo = natives of the
cotyledons leafy, radicle superior.— DisrRis. Species 8 or 10,
Western Peninsula, Ceylon and tropical South America.

Mappia. | XXXIX. OLACINEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 589

l M. tomentosa, Miers Contrib. i. 67; leaves subcoriaceous ovate-
oblong acute or acuminate densely pubescent beneath black when dry.
Stemonurus? foetidus, Wight Ic. 955.

Western PrxrNsULA, in the Nilghiri Mts., Wight, Hohenacker.
A large tree. Bark of branches yellow, wrinkled. Leaves 4-7 by 2-3 in., base
obtuse, nerves prominent ; petiole 4-2 in., thinly tomentose. Cymes terminal, corym-
, many-flowered ; peduncles very thick, half as long as the leaves, ultimate pedicels
shorter than the flower. Flower-buds oblong, obtuse. Flowers 4 in., polygamous,
Villous externally, yellowish and very fetid. Petals oblong. Stamens glabrous. Ovary
ovoid ; style cylindric. Drupe 4-4 in., olive-shaped, purple, stone thin and soft.

2. M. foetida, Miers Contrib. i. 64 (not Stemonurus foetidus, Wight) ;
leaves glabrescent ovate acuminate not black in drying, base rounded.
Mappia fetida, Bedd. PI. Sylv. t. 141 (not the text).

WESTERN PENINSULA ; Nilghiri Mts. and Mysore, Wight, £e.

A large tree. Bark wrinkled. Leaves 21-7 by 2-32 in., coriaceous, thinly pubes-
cent, ultimately glabrous ; petiole 2-1 in. Peduncles half the length of the leaves,
attened, ultimate pedicels about Jy in., strigose. Flower-buds roundish-oblong.
Calyx minute, lobed, lobes rounded. Corolla hairy within. Anthers roundish. Ovary

f the length of the stamens. Drupe oblong, obtuse, 2 by š in.

3. M. ovata, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves glabrous but with a few tufts
of hairs in the axils of the nerves ovate-oblong abruptly and shortly acumi-
hate, base inequilateral acute. M. foetida a, Thwaites Ẹnum: 43. M. Gard-
herlana and Wightiana, Miers Contrib. i. 66, 67.

Western PExiNsULA; hills of the Southern Carnatic and Travancor, Wight, &c.

EYLON, ascending to 7000 ft. ,

?ranchlets angular. Leaves 64 by 2} in., shining above, glaucous beneath with
resinous spots; petiole 2-24 in. Panicle terminal, pedicels strigose. Flower-buds
clavate. Flowers in. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed, strigose. Petals 5, oblong, acute,
connate at the base, hairy on the inner surface. Filaments subulate, glabrous, anthers
ovoid, acute, Ovary ovoid, hairy, tapering into a club-shaped style and surrounded at

* base by an hypogynous cup-shaped disk. Fruit 2 in. by j in., ovoid, acute, stone
thin, 1-seeded ; cotyledons large, flat, leafy, palminerved ; radicle thick, albumen fleshy.
;__ here is a little difference in the shape of the leaves in the Cingalese specimens, the
ase being more rounded and the petiole not so long.

4 M. oblonga, Miers Contrib. i. 65 ; leaves oblong acute at both ends,
glabrous except along the nerves or sparingly setose. ! Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
128. M. Championiana, Miers Le. 66. M. foetida 8, Thaites Enum. 43.
Sio ERN PrxiNsULA; in the Concan, Dalzell; Travancor, Wight; CkvLow,

nding to 7000 ft., Ch ion. .
A tree, Leaves 4-7 by 21-3 in.; petiole 1-1} in.; cymes terminal, lax, pubes-
Cent; ultimate pedicels as long as the flowers. Flowers À in., pilose. Fat 2 in,
fue ng, purple.—The plant intended by Dalzell and Gibson may be M. tomentosa
ers. y
wan. elliptica, Miers, l.c., branches angular, leaves smaller ovate acute. —'' Cordia,
all. Cat, 9064:—Travancor.

16, PHLEBOCALYMNA, Griff.

Trees, Leaves ate, petiolate, simple, coriaceous. Flowers poly-
Bamous ; males th posue "heads, borne on short spikes ; females shortly
Vedicelled. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate. Corolla tubular, limb 5-parted.

ens 5, alternate with the petals, adherent to the tube of the corolla ;
anthers Ovoid-oblong, dorsifixed, 2-lobed, dehiscing longitudinally. Disk

590 XXXIX. OLACINEJE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Phlebocalymna.

fleshy, hypogynous, 5-lobed, lobes opposite the petals. Ovary cone,
1-celled ; style subu ate; ovules 2, pendulous, Fruit oblong with a crus-
taceous rind. Seed pendulous ; albumen coriaceous, lobulate, ruminate ;
embryo minute.—DisTRIB. Species 2 or 3, natives of the Malay penins
and islands.

1. P. Griffithiana, Mast., leaves obovate-oblong shortly and abruptly
acuminate, stamens adherent to the base of the corolla. Platea Griffithiana,
Miers Contrib. i. 97.

TENASSERIM ; at Mergui, Griffith. seh

A glabrous shrub. Branches terete, slender, slightly compressed, rugose, yellowish.
Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous, pale, concolorous, midrib prominent bones
margins revolute ; petiole 1—4 in., sulcate. Cymes axillary, erect, spicate, pui: Y
longer than the petiole, few-flowered ; pedicels puberulous. ^ Calya-lobes juan :
ovate, ciliolate. Corolla much longer than the calyx, funnel-shaped, limb 5-lobed, pari
ultimately inflexed at the point. Filaments linear, glabrous. Ovary very short d.
rounded by a pentagonal disk, 1-celled ; style conic, pilosulous, stigma obscurely 3 lit
Fruit 14 by 3 in., oblong, obtuse; stone thick, bony, 1-celled by abortion. Seed soli a
pendulous from the apex of the cell, integument densely permeated by spiral vessels,
albumen fleshy lobulate—Kurz refers Miquel's Gonocaryum ? gracile to this spos a
but Miquel's plant is described as having a longer inflorescence, two styles and a
rent fruit.

2. P. Lobbiana, Mast. ; leaves oblong acuminate, stamens adhere ^
the corolla for the greater part of their length. Platea Lobbiana,
Contrib. i. 97 ; Wall. Cat. 9052.

RaxaooN, ManrABAN, and Tenassertm; Wallich, dc. . broos

A shrub or tree? Branches angular. Leaves 44-53 by 12—2] in., coriaceous, gla -
margins revolute, nerves prominent beneath; petiole } in., sulcate, rugose. P led
axillary, peduncled ; peduncle erect, shorter than the petiole. Flowers gubfascis ^
lin. Calyx jy in., cup-shaped, lobes imbricate. Corolla } in., funnel-shaped, ks
5-lobed ; lobes oblong, recurved. Filaments glabrous; anthers ovoid, compressed, ©
nective wide at the base. Disk hypogynous, 5-lobed. Ovary hirsute, ovoid, tapermg
into a short style. Fruit 13 in., oblong, obtuse, olive-coloured, obscurely 2.celled.

A plant collected by Wallich in Tavoy (Cat. 9051), has the habit, inflorescence, -
floral characters (ovary not seen) of Phlebocalymna, but the fruit is different, an s
like that described by Miquel under his Gonocaryum ? gracile (Fl. Ind.-Dat. Supp Te-
343). Indeed, 1 should refer both Wallich's 9051, and Helfor's 817, Kew. dist. from Ter
nasserim ? which evidently belong to the same species, to Miquel's genus, but fore ciel
ferent habitat (Miquel's plant is Sumatran), and that I have not seen either the ova
of Wallich’s or Helfer's plant in any specimen of Miquel’s. Kurz, in Journ. Ae thi,
Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 72, refers Gonocaryum ? gracile to Phlebocalymna Grift fol-
from which it differs in the longer inflorescence, and especially in the fruit — The T
lowing description applies to Wallich’s plant, to which I would give the pronis s
name Gonocaryum? Wallichii; A glabrous shrub. Branches terete, bark ye mi-
Leaves 6 by 3 in., glabrous, coriaceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, shortly wer
nate, entire ; nerves depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface ; Pu he
scarcely } in., rugose, channelled. Racemes axillary, solitary or geminate, ait ;
length of the leaves; rachis angular; pedicels 4 in., horizontal, ciliated, 1-2 fov Mte
Flowers unisexual or polygamous? Calyx pateriform, deeply divided into 5 im btase ;
ovate acute, ciliated lobes. Corolla twice the length of the calyx, cylindric, h mar.
petals erect, thick green, oblong with inflexed points, valvate and cohering by t ted to
gins but readily separable. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals and agglutina va:
their edges, but easily separable, filaments glabrous, anthers 2-celled, introrse. it 2 by
abortive ; style 1, filiform, covered with short erect white appressed hairs. £72

1 in, obliquely oblong, tapering to both ends, 1-celled; rind fibrous, corky.
seen.

mam i emos odd. idi. ` iw.

Pteleocarpa.| XXXIX. OLACINEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 591

+

17. PTELEOCARPA, Oliv.

Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, l-nerved, petiolate. Inflorescence ter-
minal, panicled, many-flowered. Flowers regular, dichlamydeous, herma-
phrodite, Calyx tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes imbricate,
not accrescent. Corolla tubular below, limb deeply 5-parted, lobes im-
ricate, glabrous. Stamens 5, glabrous, springing from the tube of the corolla,
ternate with its lobes ; anthers linear, innate, dehiscing longitudinally.
laminodes 0. Ovary free, stipitate, 2-celled ; styles 2, stigma minute ; ovules
solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropal, raphe lateral or subventral.
Fruit 2-celled, compressed, orbicular, emarginate, deeply winged, wings
striate. Seed elongate, compressed, albuminous ; radicle superior, cylin-
drical, cotyledons linear-lanceolate longer than the radicle.—DrsTRrE.
pecies 2, one Malayan, the other from Borneo.

By reason of. the imbricate calyx and stamens alternate with the petals, this genus
should be placed in Icacinee, but the structure of the ovary is that of Olacinew. The
Tul is quite distinct.

l. P, malaccensis, Oliv. in Trans, Linn, Soc, xxviii. 515, t. 42.

Maracca, Maingay.—Disrris. Borneo. .

Quite glabrous. Branchlets terete. Leaves 3-5 by 11-2 in., membranous, oblong
or oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate, base narrowed, midrib prominent beneath ; petiole
bin. Panicles terminal, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Bracts minute, ovate, del-

Pedicels 1-4 in., slender, ascending, sometimes clustered in umbellate cymes.
lowers 1 in, diam., yellow or red, glabrous. Calya-lobes ovate, roundish, obtuse.
Corolla 4 times longer than the calyx, tube short; lobes oblanceolate, oblong, obtuse.
Stamens as long as the corolla, filaments filiform, glabrous; anthers basifixed. Ovary
brous, oblong, obtuse, compressed, obscurely furrowed, seated on a thick stipes.
ruit 14-14 in. diam. Seed 4 in. ; embryo half the length of the fleshy albumen.

18. PHYTOCRENE, Wall.

Climbing shrubs, usually more or less hairy, often prickly; wood with
Very large porous vessels and thick medullary rays, but no annual rings.
vs alternate, petiolate, entire or palmately lobed, lowers dicecious ;
male in small globose clusters borne on long branching spikes; female in
large solitary globose pedunculate clusters, MALE fl.: Calyx of 3-5 free
Segments, usually anisomerous with the petals. Corolla tubular-campanulate,
Tarely 5-parted, lobes valvate. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla
and alternate with them, filaments hypogynous ; anthers 2-lobed, dehiscing
longitudinally ; pollen-grains globose. stil rudimentary, hispid. FEMALE
"x alyx and Corolla of the male. Stamens 0. Staminodes minute or 0,
l ‘ary sessile, 1-celled ; style thick columnar, stigma capitate more or less
Obed ; ovules 2 descending from the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal ;
ka Topyle superior, Drupes many, in globose heads, bristly orechinate; stone
l-celled, 1-seeded, pitted externally. Seed pendulous ; embryo as long
€ fleshy albumen, radicle superior short, cotyledous large flat
"Ppressed, — DISTRIB. Species 8, all natives of India and the Archipelago.

et P. gigantea, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. Hi. 11, t. 215; branches prickly,

“aves cordate-ovate acute obscurely lobed pilose along the nerves beneath,

4945 O or shorter than the pedicel. Wall. in Phil. Mag, iii. 223; Cat.

T... P. callicarpa, Grif. Notul. iv. 327, t. 490. Gynocephalum giganteum
recul in Ann, Sc. Nat. ser. 3, viii. 149.

592 XXXIX. OLACINEEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Phytoorene.

MARTABAN, Wallich. . .

Branches spirally grooved, studded with conical prickles. Leaves 4-10 by 4-7 in,
palmately 5-7-nerved, glabrescent above, villosulous beneath, rusty-pilose along the
prominent nerves ; petiole 2-3 in., hairy. Mark fl. in long(8-10 in.), pendulous, ax lary,
racemes, or from the old wood; rachis and pedicels hairy ; pedicels supporting a globose
head of flowers. ` Bracts 0 or shorter than the pedicel. lowers js'in., setose.
oblong obtuse concave at the apex, anisomerous with the corolla. Corolla funnel- or
bell-shaped, twice the length of the calyx, bristly externally with uncinate bristles, limb
4-lobed, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Stamens 4, alternate with the lobes of the corolla;
filaments and anthers glabrous. Pistil rudimentary, hairy. Femare fl. not seen.
Fruit covered with subulate bristles.

2. P. bracteata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 12; branches prickly, leaves
eordate-ovate entire or slightly lobed, bracts (of male spikes) linear lenge
than the pedicel. Wall. Cat. 4947. P. macrocarpa, Griff. Notul. iv. at
Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 487. Gynocephalum bracteatum, Z'récul in Ann. Se. N
ser. 3, viii. 149.

Pexaxa, Porter; Maracca, Grifith, Maingay.—Disrris. Borneo. :ckles

Stem tubercled, tubercles ending in a spine. Branches covered with minute pA:
Leaves 6—1 by 44-5 in., coriaceous, asperulous above, pubescent beneath, palmately :
nerved, nerves prominent beneath; petiole 21 in. Mare fi. small, in axillary, y u
racemes each about 8 in.; pedicels slender, each supporting 3 small heads of od
and subtended by a long linear bract adnate to its base and studded with in
bristles. Marx fl.: Sepals 3-5, truncate. Corolla longer than the calyx-lobes, roun
inflexed, setose externally. Stamens 3-5. Rudiment of ovary oblong, setose. Pansies .
(according to Griffith), in rounded, peduncled capitula ; peduncles 3 from the same &
as long as the petiole, flattened, strigose. Calyx of 4 spathulate, concave sepals. vu
4-parted. Ovary strigose; style short or 3-partite, stigmas 3; ovules anatropa,, P
dulous. Drupes in globose masses the size of a man's head, each 14 by 3 nd yo
acute at both ends, densely covered with slender, appressed, yellow setze, 1-cel i de
1, albumen fleshy, papulose on the surface, smelling of linseed oil ; radicle broad ; coty
dons small, suborbicular.

3. P. oblonga, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 12 ; branches not prickly, psi
oblong-lanceolate entire pubescent beneath, bracts shorter than the pe pag
Wall. Cat. 4948, Gynocephalum oblongum, Zrécul in Ann. Sc. Nat. str.
viu. 149.

Pxxaxo, Wallich, &c.; Maracca, Griffith, Maingay.

Bark striated, brownish. Leaves 8 by 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous above,
beneath, shortly acuminate, 1-nerved, base acute; petiole 4 in. rugose. Mare d, like
axillary racemes or in tufts from the old wood. Racemes slender, densely cover? dac
the pedicels, bracts and perianth, with brown hairs; pedicels filiform, 3-flowerec. bovafe,
linear, half the length of the pedicel and more or less adnate to it. Sepals E M ntary.
obtuse, concave. Corolla 4-parted, lobes rounded. Stamens 3-4. Pistil rudtme Ç
Femate fl. (according to Maingay): Sepals linear-oblong, pale brown, hirsute. Virute.
connate for } their length into an infundibuliform corolla ; lobes ovate, obtuse, "
Ovary 1-celled, with 2 collateral, suspended ovules; style twice the lengi n their
corolla, cylindric, ventricose, hirsute, 2—3-partite, divisions subacute, stigmate" 3 in.»
inner surface. Drupes in globular masses the size of a man’s fist, each [ j^ oli,
oblong-obovoid, obtuse, covered with stout, straight, subulate prickles which, bt ledons,
leave circular pits ; epicarp coriaceous, mesocarp pulpy, stone crustaceous. oid in?
according to Maingay, thin, white, divaricate, tortuous, branched, (?) embe
fleshy lobulated albumen.

! L
4. P. palmata, Wall. Pl As. Rar. iii, 12; stem prickly, leave Eis,
mately 5-lobed ferruginous-hairy beneath, bracts shorter than t 3 nd. OF
Wall. Cat. 4949. P. stylocarpa, Griff. Notul. iv. 320; £c. AN 149.

. Gynocephalum palmatum, Z'rócué in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 3, VEL ‘

Phytocrene.] | xxxiX. OLACINEX, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 593

Penana, Porter, &c. ; MALACCA, Griffith —Disrrm. Java.

„Branches studded with minute prickles; shoots, petioles, and nerves of leaves ferru-
p hispid. Leaves very large, orbicular, cordate, palminerved, lobed halfway down ;
obes oblong-obovate, acute; petiole 4-6 in. Mate fis. in long, axillary, dense,
-branched racemes, each pedicel supporting a globose head of flowers. Flowers 44, in.
Calyx of 3-4 obovate, concave, hairy segments. Corolla longer than the calyx, deeply
4 parted, lobes lanceolate acute setose. Stamens 4, filaments glabrous; anthers apicu-

te. Rudiment of ovary minute, hairy. — FEMALE fl. not seen. Drupes 14 by 1 in.,
oblong-turbinate, surmounted by the thickened base of the style and covered by dense
subulate bristles, some of which are barbed and have a transparent point. Seed pen-

ulous; radicle superior, very short; cotyledons elongate, linear-oblong, leafy,

19. MIQUELIA, Meissner.

Climbing shrubs. Wood with large vessels. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
Simple, membranous, usually palminerved. Peduncles supra-axillary, race-
Mose in the male, solitary in the female plant. Flowers dicecious, capitate.

-: Calyx minute, 4-5-tid. Corolla separated from the calyx by

à long edicel like stipes (corolla-tube ?), limb 4—5-lobed, lobes valvate, apex
indexed. Stamens isomerous and alternate with the lobes of the corolla,
ents ,short; anthers introrse. FEMALE fl: Calyx as in the male,
area not removed from the calyx, lobes free, or nearly so, ultimately re-

&xed. Staminodes 4-5, very small, alternate with the lobes of the corolla
0. Ovary sessile, 1-celled ; style short, stigma dilated cup-like ; ovules 2,
Pendulous from the apex of the cavity, raphe dorsal, micropyle superior.

upe oblong, more or less compressed, surrounded at the base by the
Persistent calyx, mesocarp thin, endocarp crustaceous externally rugose.
I solitary, pendulous albumen fleshy rugulose ; radicle superior;
in, edons elliptic, thick, leafy flat. — Distris. Species 5, (perhaps
forms of one variable species, Baillon), distributed in India and the
hipelago, :
al" materials in herbaria are not good, and the structure of the male flowers espe-
J requires further examination in a fresh state.

ie M. Kleinii, Meissn. Gen. 152 ; leaves obovate-lanceolate shortly and
“ruptly acuminate subentire or crenulate. Miquelia assamica, Blume
g Pha, iv. 37. Jenkinsia assamica, Grif. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv.
d t.12; Notul 370, t. 537, f. 2. Araliacea? Kleinii, W. & A. Prodr. i.
à Phytocrene sp. Wight TU. ii. 62.
AM, Griffith ; Knasta Mrs., H. f. & T. .
Gla recent Branches strigose A young. Leaves 7-8 by 3 in., glabrous, base
ring, rarely subhastate; petiole 13-2 in. Peduncles of male plant 1-2 in., filiform,
: peers capitate, lin. Calyx minute, 3-5-fid. Corolla 4-5-parted, lobes oblong, free,
y rate. Pilaments very short, anthers elongate. Rudiment of pistil depressed.
‘uncles of female plant short, thick. Calyx minate, 4—5-lobed. Corolla 4-5-parted,

lobes reflexe , greenish. Staminodes minute. Ovary ovoid, apex truncate; stigma

sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe 3 by 4 in. subsessile, yellowish, obliquely ovoid.

tM. de Li 211, t. 23; leaves
* dentata, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. , ;
oblong acuminate remotely and coarsely toothed, base truncate cordate.

ESTERN Pg : ts, Beddome. . .
Bra NINSULA ; Anamallay forests, membranous, glabrous ; petiole 2 in.

nches te in.,
Mare f, ca itate | glabrous, T iat 8 by 3 peduacles which are shorter than the
Piola Flo va bude Pol axillary, oss oL Calyz subcampanulate, 4-toothed
Corolla Lobes lane nas, clubehaped, truscete. || ng, base sagitiate. Pistil minute,

; lan ; 4, ant ^
ma, ri capitan, ad x solia? supra-axillary peduncle longer than
L QQ

594 XXXIX. OLACINEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Miquelia.

the petiole. Calyx deeply toothed. Corolla-lobes lanceolate. Ovary obovoid, base
tapering ; style very short, dilated into a cup-shaped stigma; ovules 2.

3. M.? gibba, Baill, Adansonia, x. 278; DC. Prodr. xvii. 15; leaves
ovate acuminate entire, base rounded 5-nerved. .

Western Beneat, Griffith.

Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 4 in., membranous, glabrous, nerves od
minent beneath. Drupe 11-11 in., ellipsoid, glabrescent, brownish, convex on one b A
furrowed on the other, gibbous towards the base; stone hard, granular, Cotyledo
thin.—An imperfectly known species. I have seen no specimens.

20. SARCOSTIGMA, W. & A.

Climbing shrubs. Wood without zones. Leavesalternate, simple, shortly

petioled. Flowers dioecious, minute, arranged in tufts along a long penat
ous rachis. Mate fl.: Calyx minute, 4-5-lobed. Petals 5, free, or nerd
so, valvate, oblong, ultimately reflexed. Stamens 5, alternate wit deri
petals, free, or adnate to the base of the petals, filaments glabrous ; anthers
erect, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil rudimentary. FEMALE te
Calyx and corolla as in the male. Staminodes 4-5, hypogynous, alters
with the petals. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled ; stigma subsessile, glo ve
or umbonate ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, funicle expanded into a
“obturator.” Drupe surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx ed
corolla, epicarp coriaceous, endocarp woody lined with a thin white n
brane. Seed (according to Baillon) pendulous, exalbuminous ; coty a
fleshy, wrapping round the short superior radicle.—Distris. Species 3
all tropical Asiatic.

1. S. Kleinii, W. € A. in Edin. New Phil. Journ. xiv. 299 5
glabrous oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate. Miers in Ann. Bomb .
ser. 2,116; Contrib. i. 103, t. 18 ; Wight Ic. t. 1854; Dalz. & Gibs.
221.

Eastern AND WESTERN PENINsULAS; Malacca, Maingay, Cochin and Tra
Wight; the Concan, Stocks. : iaceous,

A climbing, branched shrub. Branches terete. Leaves 4-10 by 2-4 in., cor trans-
pale on both surfaces, base rounded, nerves prominent beneath; petiole + ib hairs.
versely wrinkled. Rachis extra axillary, angular, covered with brownish strigosa
Flowers X in. diam. Mare fi.: Culyz minute, pilosulous, cup-shaped, Oo coe ements
lobed. Petals A; in., glabrous, oblong, acute. Stamens as long as the petals, ave fl.:
glabrous, flat, strap-shaped ; anthers 2-celled. Rudiment of pistil conical. P nons,
Calyxand corolla asin the male. Ovaryobovoid, pilosulous, surrounded by 5 hypogy7":

vancor,

: Y _ m.
abortive stamens; stigma subsessile, conical; ovules 2, collateral. rut aly
olive-shaped, somewhat compressed, bright orange-red, rugose and strigose o
smooth within,
"a eath

2. S. Wallichii, Baill. in Adansonia, x. 282; leaves downy Donsely
along the nerves ovate acute or acuminate, fruiting peduncles
villous. Wall. Cat. 9030 (* indeterm.")

Brema; Phanoe Hill on the Saluen, Wallich. inent

Branches terete, rugose. Leaves 6 by 3 in., nerves depressed above, prohinute,
beneath; petiole 1 in., thick, Fruiting peduncles from the old wood. Cay

3. S. edule, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii- 295i gilis
leaves ovate-oblong apiculate, spikes rusty-tomentose. Chaille
Kurz in Andam. Rep. App. B 6.

Sarcostigma.] XXXIX. OLACINEX. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 595

Anpaman Istes, Kurz.

Branches: woody. Leaves 7 by 3} in., coriaceous, glabrous, base obtuse ; petiole
short. Fruit 1 in., obliquely oblong, obtuse, densely covered with orange-coloured
D Shining white within, pulp sweet, edible (Kurz).—Probably only a form of

. Kleini.

21. NA TSIATUM, Ham.

A climbing shrub, Wood porous, with inconspicuous medullary rays.
aves alternate, petiolate, simple, 7-9-nerved. Flowers dicecious, in supra-

lary racemes. MALE fi: Calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent, not
accrescent. Petals 5, free, or united at the base, Staminodes 5, opposite the
Petals, outside the stamens, Fertile stamens alternate with the petals ;
anthers erect, apiculate, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Pistil rudi-
mentary. FEMALE fl: Sepals and petals as in the male, Staminodes
4-6, hypogynous, alternating with an equal number of compressed glands.
“vary sessile, villous; style short, apex 2-3-lobed, stigmas capitate ;
ovules 2, collateral, pendulous, raphe dorsal. rupe obliquely ovoid, com-
Pressed; stone crustaceous, 1-celled. Seed solitary, albumen fleshy ;
radicle superior, cotyledons leafy, orbicular, 3-5-nerved.

7 l N. herpeticum, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4252; Arn. in Edin. New Phil.
Nave. xvi. 314; N. sp. Grif. Notul. iv. 330; Ic. Pl. As. t. 496, f. 1
atsiatum herpeticum, Ham. ex R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 245 ; Mig.
- nd. Bat. i. pt. i. 797. Sicyos pentandrus, Wall. Cat. 6682, d.
Eastern Beneat and the Hiwaraya, from Nipal, Sikkim, Silhet, and the Khasia
ts., alt. 3000 ft., to CuirrAaoNa and Prev. .
erbaceous portions strigose. Branches as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves distant,
io. membranous, roughish, cordate-ovate, acute, repand, 7-9-nerved ; petiole longer
an the blade. Racemes supra-axillary, long, slender, pendulous, many-flowered.
racts small, linear, pedicels about the length of the flower. Flowers minute,
greenish-yellow, Mare. fl. : Calyx lobes valvate, lanceolate, scabrid. Petals 5, alter-
nate with the calyx-lobes and one-third longer, lanceolate. Glands (staminodes ?) 5,
eshy, 2-lobed. Fertile stamens opposite the sepals, filaments very short; anthers
Sagittate ; connective glandular. Femare fl.: staminodes subulate. Drupe 1 in.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
i. GAMOsEPALUM, Griff, Notul. iv. 330. Menispermea, Itin. Notes 114, is Lopho-
phyllum bieristatum, Griff. (See p. 105.)

22, IODES, Blume.

. Climbing shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves opposite, or subalternate, petiolate,
‘imple, 1-nerved, In orescence cymose, cymes axillary or extra-axillary ; lower
*duneles often edle cirrose. Flowers dichlamydeous, dicecious. MALE fl.:
p ye minute, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla 3-5-merous, lobes valvate.
Imens hypogynous, equal in number to, and opposite the lobes of the
Corolla: anthers basifixed, straight, 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudi-
Y. Pistil rudimentary. FEMALE fl. : Calyx as in the male. Corol/a 4-5-
"ted, tubular below and often dilated. Staminodes ©. Ovary subsessile,
celled, with 2 collateral pendulous ovules ; funicle dilated into an * ob-
by tor” stigma sessile, discoid, 5-lobed. Drupe surrounded at the base
d the Persistent, but not accrescent calyx, stone l-seeded. Seed pen-
Deb testa thin, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons flat, leafy; radicle superior.—
Afric Species about 6, natives of India, the Archipelago, and of tropical
QQ2

596 XXXIX. OLACINERZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [odes.

Sect, 1. Ewiodes, Baillon. Pedicels slender, not woody.

1. I. ovalis, Blume Bijdr. i. 30; leaves ovate acute or acuminate,
base rounded, male flowers panicled. Br. in Benn. Pl, Jav. Rar. 243, t. 48;
Hassk. Cat: Pl. Hort. Bogor. 172; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 795. I. tomentella,
Mig. Le. 796. Natsiatum oppositifolium, Planchon in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. v. 247 (name only).

Matacea, Griffith, Maingay.—Disrris. Java, Philippines. m

A climbing rifto rarely P ibarborescent. Branches terete, covered with rufous
tomentum. Tendrils axillary or opposite the leaves. Leaves 5 by 4 in., aubooriseosan,
glabrous above, except along the midrib, tomentose beneath, ovate or roundish ; Pin P
in Cyme (of male plant) much branched, peduncles 6-8 in., pedicels spre rà

wer-buds subglobose, densely rufous-villous. Calyæ ciliate. Corolla muc Egon

ing the calyx; lobes lanceolate, inflexed at the points, ciliate, connate at the °
Stamens shorter than the lobes of the corolla, filaments short erect ; anthers ie i
obovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Rudiment of pistil erect, cylindrical, or subclava *
hispid. Femace fl.: Calyx tubular, limb as in the male fl. Corolla 4-5-parted, -
rotate, lobes acute reflexed globose beneath. Ovary substipitate, ovoid, compre ther
densely villose ; stigma thick, orbicular, crenate, concave. Drupe k by 4 in, r*
dry, ovoid, compressed, villous, mesocarp thin.—Miquel's J. tomentella (I. ovalis, var.
Miquelii, Baill. in DC. Prodr. xvii. 23), seems to differ only in its more dense covering
of rufous tomentum. Maingay’s Malacca spec:mens belong to this form,

SECT.2. Lasiodes, Baillon. Pedicels thick, woody.

2. I. Hookeriana, Baill. in Adansonia, x. 268, and in D C
xvii. 24; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate acuminate, base acute or cordate.

Assam, Griffith; Cuirracona, H. f. T.
. Branches Binds or subangled, atone, ultimately glabrous. Leaves d 14-4
1n. opposite or subalternate, coriaceous, glabrous above, setose beneath a a i
puma nerves; petiole } in., rugose, articulate at the base, covered wit és
rownish hairs. Inflorescence extra-axillary; peduncle rugose, as long š in.
petiole, dichotomous; pedicels spreading, thickened at the apex. Mars 3.
Calyx pateriform, limb shortly 5-lobed, lobes deltoid acuminate. Corolla s thick,
length of tue calyx, densely hairy at the base externally, deeply 5— parted ; at a h
oblung, with inflexed points. Stamens 5, free, hypogynous, half the pel
the petals and concealed within them, filaments glabrous; anthers shorter p a
filaments, erect, adnate, base sagittate. Rudiment of pistil conical. Drupe the st some”
pigeon s egg, acute at the apex, yellowish-red, glabrous; stone compressed, W h male
what rugose, 1-celled. Seed ovate, compressed.—1 have not examined the ;
flowers. In the unopened male bud I found the pollen shed.

. T.
3. I. Thomsoniana, Faill, in Adansonia, x. 270, and in DC. Prod
xvii. 25 ; leaves oblong-obovate acuminate, base narrowed cordate.
CDXTAGONG, Ds f. 4 T. d 8
ichmber, Branches woody, teret ate, grey, deeply scarred, youn
petioles densely rusty setose. Loaves 10 o P p^ l-ngth glabrous rep% eens
rounded, midrib downy beneath; petiole } in. Inflorescence extra-axillary uan but
peduncles short, woody, pedicels divaricate. Mate fl. as in Z Hooker ply 9

petals relatively shorter and broader.—An im erfectly known species, pro
suggested by Baillon himself a mere form of Z. Hookeriana.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES. leaves ob
4. I.? Brandisii, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. ii, 1872, 298; e^
long acuminate mucronate, base obtuse, peti le long slender.
TENASSERIM, Kurz.’ : the nerves
A climbing cirrose shrub, Leaves 6-8 in., membranous, tomentose along

Todes. | XXXIX. OLACINEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 597

dem, over the whole surface beneath. Cymes opposite the leaves, pedicels short,
slender, Flowers minute, tomentose.—Only known from Kurz's description.

5. I. oblonga, Planch. in herb. Kew. ; leaves oblanceolate, base tapering
subcordate,

Pexana? Wallich,

Shrubby, scandent? Branches cylindric, grey, setose, ultimately glabrescent, with
Prominent scars. Leaves 5 by 14 in., membranous, glabrous above, setose along the
midrib above, and over the whole lower surface; petiole 1 in. Inflorescence inter-
axillary, peduncles 1 in., cymose, dichotomously branched. Flowers very minute.
Ovary ob ong, 1-celled ; stigma sessile, thick, discoid, 5-lobed; ovules 2, pendulous.—

ve not seen perfect flowers, but the structure of the ovary is that of Jodes.

GENUS OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. .
23, CAR DIOP TERIS, Wall.

A climbing herb with milky juice. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, simple
or lobed, cordate, palminerved. Flowers ebracteate, in axilla racemose or
panicled cymes, bisexual, dichlamydeous. Calyx 4-5-parted ; lobes imbricate,
Persistent, but not, or only slightly accrescent. Corolla deciduous, between
Totate and funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the base of

e tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes, filaments short glabrous ;
anthers 2-celled, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen-grains 4-angular.

ry free, surrounded at the base by a thick fleshy annular disk,
oblong, compressed, 1-celled ; ovules 1 (rarely 2) pendulous, naked, micro-
Pyle ultimately superior ; style 2-branched, one branch deciduous, curved,
capitate at the apex, the other accrescent, ultimately deciduous, divided at

è apex into 2 unequal, ovate, rather obtuse divisions. Fruit ovate-orbicu-
ind emarginate or obcordate, compressed, very broadly winged, 1-celled,
Indehiscent, Seed solitary, linear, furrowed ; embryo minute, in hard fleshy

umen.—The following is the only species.

l. C. lobata, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 8033 A, and in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar.
206,1, 49, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 799. C. moluccana, Blume Rumph.
"i 207, t. 177, f. 2, partly. C. javanica Blume Rumph. iii. 206, iv. t. 177.

` Rumphii, Baill’ in Adansonia x. 280, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. 26. Perip-

Tyglum quinquelobum, Hassk. Cat. Pl. Hort. Bogor. 351.

D ESTERN BENGAL, in Silhet and Cachar. Rangoon, Ava, and TENASSERIM.—

IB. Yunan, Indian Archipelago, Siam, New Guinea.

Stem terete, striate. Leaves 3-5 in. by 3-44 in., glabrous, membranous, polymor-
Pons, usually more or less angular and slightly lobed, base 7—9 nerved, cordate, lobes
acute or acuminate, widely divergent; petiole 3-5 in. Peduncles 24-4 in., solitary,
na , dichotomous ; pedicels puberulous, erect, ultimately spreading or recurved.
eC vers rather crowded, secund, ebracteate. Calyx puberulous. Corolla slightly ex-
ceding the calyx, whitish, deciduous. Fruit 1-14 in. by 14 in.—The plant varies
much in the consistence and form of the leaves, occasionally even on the same specimen,
then” Y Some writers, several species have been pro osed, Baillon, however, ranks

Mm all as varieties, The following occur within the limits of this Flora.

. 1. moluccana, leaves rather thick subcordate or hastato-subcordate not lobed,
Nerves Sübpedate more or less conspicuous sometimes reddish, inflorescence cymose-
Pee C. moluccana, Blume Rumph. iii. 207, t. 177, f. 2; Royle IU. 136; Miq.

"nd. Bat, i. pt. i. 799. C. Rumphii, var. a integrifolia, Baill. in DC. Prodr.
Xni. 26; Rumph. Amb. v. 482, t. 180. Dioscorea sativa, L. Aman. Acad. iv. 133.
“Var, 2, sublamata, Baill. in DC. Prodr, xvii, 26; leaves cordate pedately 7-nerved

598 XXXIX. OLACINEJ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) —[Cardiopteris. .

sagittate-ovate, 5—7-lobed, terminal lobe largest ovate acuminate, lateral lobes angular
acuminate, lowermost unequally cuneate. C. subhamata, Wall. mss.

There are differences of opinion as to the structure of the flower. The figure of the
ovary in Blume’s Rumphia, t. 177, f. 8, differs from the description, and is erroneous.
The persistent and accrescent style (?) assumes a spongy cellular character, and is
traversed by two bundles of spiral vessels and by laticiferous tubes. Octahedral crys
tals also abound in its tissues. The cells of the epicarp contain in some cases a spt
fibre. The structure of the ovule is very peculiar. According to Dr. Hooker's unpu
lished drawings made from the fresh specimens, the ovule is pendulous and originally
straight, but afterwards curves upward. It is devoid of coats, but is provided with à
raphe and the embryo sac (?) is protruded in the shape of a long tubular process.

Order XL. ILICINEZE. (By J. D. Hooker.)

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, exstipulate, or with 2 minute
stipules, usually coriaceous and evergreen. Flowers small, in axillary
cymes fascicles or umbellules, usually dicecious, Z with imperfect ovary,
and 9 with imperfect stamens. Calyx 3-6-partite or -lobed ; segments or
lobes imbricate, persistent. Petals 4-5, rarely 6-8, connate at the base, or
connate in the ¢ and free in the 9, deciduous, imbricate. Stamens 40,
adhering to the bases of the petals, sometimes free and hypogynous 1n u
9 , filaments subulate ; anthers shortly oblong, dorsifixed, Disk 0. Ovary
free, 3-16-celled ; style 0, or very short, rarely long, stigma capitate OF
discoid ; ovules 1, or 2 collateral, pendulous, raphe dorsal, micropy*e |
superior, funicle often cupular. Drupe with 2 or more 1-seeded free ep
connate stones, Seed with a membranous testa, fleshy albumen 27
contrat embryo.—Disrriz, Three genera, and about 150 species, chielly
ropical.

An examination of the Indian species has led to very important modifications of the
ordinal character as given in the Genera Plantarum, and to the suppression 9
genus Byronia.

1, ILEX, linn.
nate at the

Calyx. 4-5-lobed or -parted. Corolla rotate, petals free or con
base. Stamens 4-5, adhering to the base of the corolla in the d, sometimes
hypogynous in the 9. Ovary 2-12-celled ; styles 0 or very short, sig
free or confluent on the top of the ovary. rupe globose, very rarely
ovoid, with 2-16 stones.—DisrRrs. Of the Order ; species about 145.

Sect. I. Flowers in strict spikes. Drupe with 10-16 stones.

1, I. spicata, Blume Bijdr. 1149; glabrous, leaves elliptic shorty
obtusely caudate-acuminate very coriaceous quite entire. Prinos spice
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 594.

Maracca, Maingay.—Disrris. Java, Borneo. + b

An often epiphytic shrub (Blume); branches stout, woody. Leaves 4-6 in., sf
rounded, midrib stout beneath, dark olive-green when dry ; nerves very slender, retic
late; petiole very short. Spikes 14 in., solitary or twin, axillary and below the jim
suberect or spreading; rachis rather stout, flowering from the base; bracts nid

dicel 4 in. Flowers minute; d about jy in. diam. Calyæ flat, of 4-5 TOW e-
obes. Corolla of 4-5 broadly oblong petals, slightly connate at the base, finally :
flexed. Stamens inserted at the junction of the petals, filaments at length lenges
than the corolla; anthers small. Imperfect ovary globose, grooved. Fi, 9 not see

Ilez.] XL. ILICINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 599

Drupe à in. long, broadly ovoid, much compressed, with a sessile transversely elongated
stigma on its broad truncate end, and 10-16 minute compressed coriaceous stones.— A
very curious plant, which I assume to be Blume's J. spicata. Maingay’s specimens are

m d flowers only, and I have described the drupe from Bornean ones collected by
cari,

Secr. IL. Flowers in very dense short axillary branched cymes, pedicels
very short, ¢ and 9 4-merous. Drupes subsessile in the axils, 1—4-celled

(pedicelled in Z. odorata).

2. I. insignis, Hook.f. ; branches very stout, leaves 6-9 in. elliptic-
lanceolate obscurely serrate very coriaceous young spinous-toothed, drupe
subsessile large with a rugose 1-3-seeded stone.

Sixx HIMALAYA ; at Darjeeling, alt. 7000 ft.

A small evergreen erect tree; branchlets as thick as the little finger, grooved.

ves very thick, acute, narrowed into the stout petiole, which is 2-1 in.; nerves be-
heath very stout and much reticulated ; young oblong-lanceolate, base rounded, margins
spinous, petiole shorter. Flowers 4-merous, jin. diam., in subglobose clusters 4 in.
71, green ; pedicels very short, stout; bracts opposite, small, ovate, acute. Calyx-
roadly ovate, acute or obtuse. Petals orbicular-obovate, connate below in the
6. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in the d, filaments very
thick, Rudimentary-ovary globose, with 4 minute papille as stigmas. Ovary of 9
4celled ; stigma sessile, discoid, 4-lobed. Drape 3 in. diam., globose, with a globose
1-3-celled 1-3-seeded grooved woody stone formed of 4 connate stones.—Closely allied
: dipyrena, but a very much larger plant in all its parts, with shorter stamens and
8 Yery different structure of the drupe. Still more closely allied to the Japanese Í.
ifolia, Thunb., which has 4 separate stones in the drupe.

po T. dipyrena, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, i. 473; Pl. As.
7^ lii 68, t. 992; Vat. 4327; branches stout, leaves 3-4 in. elliptic-
ceolate spinous-serrate very coriaceous, the old quite entire, drupe
“ubsessile with 9 rarely more plano-convex deeply-grooved stones.
?^ Prodr, 188; DC. Prodr. ii. 15; Brandis For. Flor. 76.
Wu tum: HIMALAYA; from Simla, alt. 5-8000 ft, to Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft.,
? .
An evergreen tree 30-40 ft.; trunk sometimes 17 feet girth ; shoots pilose. Leaves
mimg, the young very spinous, the older with scattered marginal spines, the oldest
With a thickened quite entire border; petiole 1-1 in. Flowers 4-merous, 4 in. diam., in
Ty subglobose clusters, white; pedicels very short; bracts 2, opposite, ovate,
^w Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acute, ciliate. Petals obovate, connate below in the
hy, ree In the 9. Stamens of g inserted on the corolla, longer than the petals, of the 9
dS) nous, Ovary of 9 ovoid, 2- rarely 3-4-celled, stigma quadrate, rupe lin.
» globose, scarlet, stones usually 2, rarely 3-4, deeply grooved longitudinally.

1 x. odorata, Ham. in Don Prodr. 189; leaves 5-7 in. elliptic-oblong

lanceolate acute minutely serrate-toothed, ¢ fl. in short globose panicled

es, female cymes shorter, drupe pedicelled with 4 stones. DU.
a u. 15; Brandis For. Flor. 77.—Ilex ? Wall. Cat. 9023.

EMPERATE HIMALAYA : n Simla to Nipal, alt. 3-6000 ft. . .
Tim small evergreen treo. N Ure hes much less stout than in the preceding two species.
Shear 2 Sometimes 9 in.; nerves rather slender; petiole 4-8 in. Flowers 4-merous ,
“sq Ë in, diam., white; g in very shortly peduncled spreading globose cymes il in.
"a 9 in shorter cymes and with shorter pedicels; bracts minute, at the ase of
te pedicels, Calyz-lobes rounded. Petals of d connate below; of 9 free, oblong,

use. Stamens of d inserted on the corolla, filaments slender, much longer than the
HN ls; of 9 hypogynous. Ovary globose, 4celled; stigma sessile quadrate. Drupe

m. diam, pedicelled, globose (ovoid, black, Brandis) ; stones 4, small, trigonous, with

[4n

600 XL. ILICINER, (J. D. Hooker.) [ tex.

obtuse angles.—Brandis gives Sikkim as a habitat for this, but I doubt the plant he
here alludes to being|the same species ; his plant has very stout branches like those of T.
dipyrena, and very shortly pedicelled young fruits, has 4 pyrenes, lanceolate minutely
serrate leaves, and inhabits elevations of near 10,000 ft.; it may be a new species, but
the specimens are too imperfect for determination.

Sect: III. Flowers d in panicled cymes; 9 solitary or fascicled, pedi-
celled (not cymose nor on peduncled umbellules). Drupe 4-6-celled.
(See 15. Gardneriana, in Sect IV.).

* Leaves quite entire, or with 2-3 spinulose teeth. (See 9. embelioides.)
5. I, malabarica, Bedd. Flor. Sylv. t. 143; leaves 2-4-in. narrowly

` elliptic-oblong acute or apiculate quite. entire, ¢ flowers in shortly

panicled umbellules, calyx usually 6-merous, drupe very small puberulous
usually 6-celled, style short cylindric stout. I. Wightiana, Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Flor. 143, not of Wall.

3 QU ESTERN PENINSULA; on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards, ascending to
000 ft.

A large tree, everywhere quite glabrous. Leaves variable in length and breadth,
always more or less narrowly elliptic, acute acuminate or apiculate by the produce
nerve, shining above, nerves beneath faint, margin with rarely a spinulose tooth to-
wards the tip; petiole $-4 in. Flowers +}, in. diam., peduncles and pedicels puberu-
lous; 9 fl. solitary or fascicled, the fascicles very rarely peduncled, pedicels i-i rw
Calyz-lobes usually 6, broad, subacute, ciliate. Petals 4-6, orbicular, ciliolate, ed
at the base in the £, less so in the. Stamens often only 4, inserted at the base o ke
corolla, filaments short; anthers broadly oblong. Ovary of d imperfect, with 4 minu 4
stigmas. Drupe & in. diam., depressed-globose, usually 6- or more celled, with an ev
dent stout style.— This has been distributed as Z. Wightiana, by Perottet and others.

6. I. Walkeri, Wight & Gard. mss, ex Thwaites Enum. 184 (1858) ; gl
brous, leaves 3-1 in. subsessile orbicular obovate or broadly elliptic very
coriaceous obtuse rounded or retuse with a few teeth near the tip, roel
4-5-merous, d in very shortly peduncled umbellules, 9 shortly pedicelied.
T, Walkeri, T'urcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. 1. 605. I. emarginet™,

urez. l.c.

WESTERN PENINSULA; Pulney Mts., Wight. Cryton; in the Central province, alt.
5-8000 ft. š ; with an
e

and slen-

keri inde-
h elliptic

plant.

** Leaves toothed or serrate. (See also 6. Walkeri.)

7. X. denticulata, Wall. Cat. 4333; glabrous, leaves 24-3 hr a
or elliptic-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate serrate very ord in.
flowers 4-merous, d in short subsessile cymes, 9 fascicled, arip 183;
diam. with 4 hard stones. Wight IH. t. 142; Thwartes vii ;
Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 142. I. nilagirica, Miquel Pl Hohen. 1456. _ &c.

Western PrwiwsULA; Nilghiri and Anamallay hills, alt. 6-8000 a, ips
CzxLox, on the Bopatalawa Plains, alt. 6000 ft., Thwaites.

Tea.) XL. ILICINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) 601

A large timber tree (Beddome) ; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves very cori-
aceous, acutely or obtusely serrate throughout their length, tip variable, very cori-
aceous ; nerves beneath few, very slender; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 4 in. diam.: d in
branched very short cymes. Calyz-lobes broad, subacute. Petals connate at the very

in the d, free in the 9, broadly oblong. Stamens about equalling the petals, in-
serted on the corolla in the d, hypogynous in the 9. Drupes rarely solitary, globose,
with 4 trigonous grooved rather wood y stones; stigma sessile, 4-lobed ; pedicels very stout,
in. long.— Wight figures the ovarian cells with 2 superposed ovules (copied in Bed-
ome's Flor. Sylv.) ; I find but one with a large thick funicle. I have followed Wight
and all subsequent authors in calling this Z. denticulata, Wall.; but the only represen-
tatives of this name in the Wallichian Herbarium are two small obovate leaves, with
obscurely serrate margins, probably of 7. Wightiana.

8. X. thesefolia, Wall. Cat, 6391 (Myrsine); glabrous, branches robust,
faves 2-33 in. elliptic-oblong or lanceolate subcaudate with an obtuse
üp obtusely obscurely serrate very coriaceous reticulate beneath, flowers
5-merous, (? in very short subsessile cymes, 9 fascicled, drupe 4 in. diam.
2m 4 stones, I. gaultheriefolia, Kurz in Beng. As. Soc. Jour. 1872, ii.

aAA Mrs, alt. 3-4000 ft., Gomez, &c.; Tenasserm, Kurz; Misuwr Hnis,

, So near to T. denticulata, that I have hesitated before keeping it distinct ; it differs
in the longer narrower more attenuate tips of the leaves, with more reticulated nerves
beneath, and in the smaller drupes. I have adopted Wallich’s singularly appropriate
Specific name,

9. I. embelioides, Mook. J.; glabrous, leaves 13-2 in. elliptic or
elli tic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate with an obtuse apiculate tip entire or
With a few acute serratures, flowers 4-merous minute, ¢ in small pedicelled
umbellules, 9 fascicled, drupe 1 in. globose with 4 stones.

Kuasra Mts.; common at Churra, Nunklow, &c., alt. 3-4000 ft. om
A small tree ; tips of branchlets obscurely puberulous, as is sometimes the midrib of
the young leaf above. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes quite entire, at others with small
Scattered spinulose teeth along the margin, very obscurely reticulated beneath ; petiole
~$in. Flowers about yy in. diam., white; d panicles 4-1 in., peduncles slender, pe-
cels obscurely puberulous. Calyz-lobes obtuse. Petals oblong-orbicular, connate
low in both sexes. Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla in both
Sexes. Drupes clustered on a very short axillary branchlet, pedicels as long as them-
Selves.— A very distinct species, of which a specimen in Griffith's Herbarium from the
Khasia is labelled * Embeliz affinis? Mambrea 12-6 35," apparently in Wallich’s hand-
ting.
10. f. Griffithii, Zook. f. ; branches pubescent or glabrescent, leaves
13-2 in, elliptie acute serrulate coriaceous shining above, flowers 4-merous,
fascicled, 9 solitary or nearly so, drupe globose with 4 large coriaceous
&onous stones and a thin epicarp.
Assam, Jenkins, Griffith ; Suuet, at Terrya Ghat, H. f & T. T.; Mauacca, Keddah
Peak, Low ; Sumait of Goonong, &c., Maingay, Griffith. .
. À small tree, branches very sparingly pubescent in Khasia specimens, much more 80
în those from Malacca. Leaves coriaceous, but soft, serratures obtuse, midrib below
ften pubescent ;. nerves numerous very fine; petiole | in. Flowers 9 nearly ] in.

0
diam., lar er than in J, theæfolia, d nearly } in. di: arently not panicled ; pedi-
° ; ; y s 1n. diam., app P

n in. ? Calyx orbicular A 4 broad shallow ciliolate lobes. Petals broadl y oblong,

' Obtuse, recurved, connate below in both sexes. Stamens of £ equalling the petals, in-

'ted on the corolla in both sexes. Ovar globose; stigma sessile, 4-lobed. Drupe
Gite globose, black or purple? flesh very thin, stones coriaceous with broad flat faces

ud a convex back ; cel stout, 4-1 in. long.

609 XL. ILICINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ilez.

11. I. Thomsoni, Hook. f.; a small shrub, branchlets paberules
leaves 4-1 in. obovate or oblanceolate subacute or apieu ate Pese
coriaceous gland-dotted beneath, flowers 4-merous, d soli ary ani 1 1st
flowered cymes, 9 subsolitary, drupe globose + in. diam.
coriaceous 3-gonous stones,

-i „at
EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Bhotan, at Tongse, Griffith. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4 5000 ft,

Moflong, Wallich; Churra and Surureem, H. f. & T. T. — + ning their
A small bright green shrub, about.6 ft. high. eaves shining, green, retaining do a
colour when dry, narrowed into the short petiole, serratures obtuse ; pps S La D
beneath. Flowers about 3 in. diam., white ; cymes of 6 of usually K 1 thickening in
duncle }-} in. long; pedicels slender; 9 pedicels 4 in., lengthening a ^onnate at the
fruit. Calyx with 4 orbicular lobes. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, corolla in both
base in both sexes. Stamens as long as the petals, inserted on t ean A ades
sexes. Drupe like that of J. Griffithii, but smaller, purple ; stigma $ a dep tation ©
This was first gathered by Wallich at Moflong in 1835, when on, t e. ° aa SE
Assam. Very near, indeed, to Z. Horsfieldii, Miq., of Java, but t on á i
both have leaves of similar texture and serrature, and gland-dotted beneath.

: : idges,

12. I. intricata, Hook. f.; branches straggling with. warted flo ci
leaves $- in. obovate obtuse coarsely serrate very deape 1i jn. diam.
subsolitary 4-merous, ¢ shortly pedicelled, 9 sessile, drupe 4
with 4 large 3-gonous stones,

SikKrM and Easr NiPAL HIMALAYA, alt. 10-11,000 ft., J. D. H. d woody branches;

A low rigid straggling shrub, forming matted masses with interlaces m thickly cori-
branchlets stout, angled and rigid, the ridges warted. Leaves "P en beneath, raise
aceous, bright green, narrowed into very short petioles; nerves few oriaceous, nearly
Flowers Jy in. diam. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals broadly oblong, ^a in the 9, and
free below in the 9, spreading. Stamens equalling the petals, s ord lobose, stigma
hardly adherent to the petals at the very base. Drupes sessile, re E and Grifithi
sessile 4-lobed, flesh thin, of the same structure as those of Z. Thomso
to which this species is clearly allied. i
` : nh vate su
13. X. fragilis, Hook. f. ; glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic a ascicl
caudate-acuminate serrulate membranous, flowers 5-merou
drupe i in. with 5-8 stones.

. . at Suru-
Saen and Buoran HIMALAYA, alt. 7-10,000 ft, Grifith. Kasia Mt s
reem, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T. T. ight deep gree
A small tree, with d brittle branches, quite glabrous. Leaves bright s P th
more membranous than in any of the Indian species, very strong 4 and 9 fase
many raised nerves beneath ; petiole 1-3 in. Flowers À in. diam., Petals spreading,
cled; pedicels 1-3 in., glabrous. Calyx-lobes rounded-oblong. shorter than the
broadly oblong, obtuse, united at the base in both sexes. "unco es 1 in. diam., 08
petals, filaments stout, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. rupes ç

` . id, stones
short stout pedicels, fleshy, red, globose, stigma rather large and tumid,
coriaceous,

bellules,
Secr. IV. Female flowers in simple or branched peduncled um

Leaves quite entire in all. (See various species in § V.) .

. iptic-oblong
14. I. venulosa, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 5-8 di one mbellules
with long slender caudate points quite entire much reticulated, à

simple and panicled, Z flowers 4- 9 5-6-merous, drupe very sma >
tumid subsessile, |
man

Kuasa Mrs., in woods, alt, 4-5000 ft, De Silva, &c. .
A handsome tree. Leaves shining above, pale beneath, with ti
branching nerves, suddenly contracted at the apex into a tail some |

|

reading strong
s almost 2 inches

— T RV MM

Tee, XL. ILICINEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 603

long, base rounded; petiole 2-1 in. Marx fl. in glabrous axillary branched cymose
umbellules, 1, in, diam., greenish-white; peduncle compressed, stout, 4-1 in.; pedi-
tels 1 in., slender. Calyx-lobes rounded. Petals broadly oblong, connate in both sexes.

mens short, inserted on the corolla in both sexes. Femaxe fl. umbellules in shorter
stouter simple or much-branched peduncles. Drupes red, crowded ; pedicels of about
clr own diameter; stones 5-6, trigonous, with convex backs, rather thick.—A very
distinct and handsome species.

15. Y. Gardneriana, Wight Ic. t. 1217; glabrous, leaves 2-23 in.
ug petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate quite entire, umbellules
ample and panicled, flowers 5-merous.

Wesrery PENINSULA; on the Nilghiri hills at Sisparah Ghat, Wight.

small tree or large shrub ( Wight). Leaves rather coriaceous, base rounded ; nerves
very faint beneath; petiole 1-3 ïn., very slender. Flowers din. diam., male only
sen, in simple solitary or fascicled peduncled slightly pubescent umbels; peduncles
shorter than the petioles ; pedicels slender, 4 in. Calyx-lobes broad, ciliolate. Petals
blong, obtuse, connate below. Stamens of d equalling the petals, inserted on the
corolla in both sexes, —A very distinct species, of which the fruit is unknown.

l6. I. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4332 ; glabrous, leaves 13-4} in. elliptic
dlliptic-oblong or -ovate subacute ora uminate quite entire softly coriaceous,
wers usually 5-6-merous, d and y in peduncled simple panicled pu-
berulous umbellules, drupe with 5-6 stones, stigma subsessile. Wight Ic.
t1216; Thwaites Enum. 183; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 142.
Western Peniysuta; Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c.; CEvrLow, in the southern and
ventral parts, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites. .
À large umbrageous tree, trunk 6 ft. in diam, at as high above the ground (Wight).
Leaves coriaceous, much larger in Ceylon than in Peninsular specimens, and more reti-
ted with rather distant nerves beneath, narrowed into a petiole 1-5 in. long.
rs minute, + in. diam., white, umbellules subsessile in Peninsular specimens, on
Peduncleg 4-4 in. long in Ceylon specimens. Calyz-lobes orbicular. Petals! oblong,
“hate below in both sexes. Stamens of ¿ shorter than the petals, united to the
crolla in both sexes. Drupe } in. diam., globose, smooth, stones with flat sides and
convex backs ; style very short indeed.—The differences between the Peninsular and
J'on specimens are almost specific.
Var. peninsularis ; leaves 1-24 in., nerves very indistinct beneath, umbellules sub-

Var, zeylanica ; leaves 3-5 in., nerves very distinct beneath, umbellules pedicelled.

nee excelsa, Wall. Cat. 4328 (exsulca) ; glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. soft
tlliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate quite entire, nerves very oblique,
petiole slender, umbellules pubescent very shortly and stoutly peduncled,
A 4-5-merous, drupe 1 in. diam. with 5 stones. Brandis For,
^ 76 (excl, syn. Ehretiz). 11. elliptica, Don Prodr. 189. Cassine ex-
celsa, Wall. in Roxb, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 376.
Storia Hitataya; from Kumaon to Nipal and Bhotan (exclusive of Sikkim),
4 +6000 ft. ; Kuasra Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., Griffith, &c. E
death 48e shrub (or tall tree, Wallich). Leaves dark-green, shining above, paler be-
rath, rather fleshy, base acute; petiole 4-1 in.; stipules 2, minute. Flowers à in.
EC about 12 in an umbel; peduncle 4-4 in., stout, compressed; pedicels stout,
ei short. Calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Petals ovate-rotundate, crenulate,
in ited at the base in both sexes, Stamens equalling the petals, inserted on the corolla
both Sexes ; filaments dilated at the base. Drupe globose, with 4-5 trigonous stones;
ig oc 4-5-lobed.—F hat the trivial name exsulca of all. Cat. is an oversight for excelsa
wie dent from this being the Cassine excelsa of Wallich in Roxburgh's Flora Indica,
T It is admirably described and stated to be a lofty tree; no less than from the fact

604 XL. ILICINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ztez.

that the mss. ticket attached to Blinkworth's specimens in Wallich's handwriting,

bears the name excelsa. Brandis is certainly mistaken in referring the Boa

umbellulata, together with various Malayan Peninsulaispecimens, to this v"

Wallich describes the flower as inodorous, Brandis as sweet-scented. Very near
identical with Z. rotunda, Thunb., of Japan.

18. T. Godajam, Colebr. ms, ex Wall. Cat. 4329 ; branchlets pubescent,
leaves 3-5 in. soft ovate acute or with a retuse tip quite entre need
spreading, petiole slender, umbellules pubescent on simple or Rosh Fl.
peduncles, 4 flowers 4—5-merous, Ebretia umbellulata, Wall. in T a in
Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 344; Cat. 4329. Pseudehretia umbellulata, Z urca
Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. i. 607. foot

Eastern Bencar, Assam, and Sinn; Jilpigoree (Hamilton in Herb. Wall.) ;
of Sikkim hills, J. D. H. ft. undulate,

A branching tree; bark pale, ashy. Leaves rather membranous, solt, (8 only’
nerves very slender; petiole slender, 4-1 in.; stipules 2, minute. Flow thas the
seen) 4—4 in. diam., in simple or panicled peduncled umbellules, which, as ü aya lobes
peduncles and very short pedicels, are more or less pubescent, fragrant. d b ied —It
orbicular. Petals ovate-oblong, shorter than the slender filaments, united, ir; not
is remarkable that of the five collectors from whom I have specimens of this p has the
one has obtained the female flowers or fruit. One of Wallich’s spec p^ be à
flowers almost twice as large as and more pubescent than the others, an lon df This
different species. I have the same from the Garrow hills, gathered by Sim numerous
differs much from J. excelsa, in the foliage, longer peduncles, and more
flowers, and may prove the same with T. sulcata, Wall.

š iptic-

19. I. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 4330 ; glabrous, leaves 4-6 1n. soft per
lanceolate or -oblong or -ovate obtuse quite entire membranon de
slender, umbellules solitary simple long-peduncled puberulous, fio
merous, drupe with about 8 trigonous stones.

TexAssERIM, at Moulmein, Wallich; Mergui, Griffith; Amherst, Helfer (Ke
1998); Prov, Kurz. Leaves thin

Probably a tree; bark of branches grey-brown ; shoots apparently soft. nt margin:
and soft in texture, pale yellow-brown when dry, with a slender transluce Um
nérves beneath very slender, arching, hardly reticulate ; petiole, im duncle 1 iD4
12-20-flowered, more or less puberulous, always solitary and simple ; Pam Calyz-
often shorter in the 9 , compressed ; pedicels Í in. Flowers about jy 1n. vate below,
lobes orbicular. Petals broadly oblong, obtuse, recurved, 4 in the d and oona módh, su
in the 9 and free, shorter than the slender filaments. udimentary-ovary trigonous,
tended by the obtusely 6-lobed calyx. Drupe i in. diam., globose ; pt

w distrib.

ut I
with the back, I think, concave, whence Urobably Wallich's name of sulcata,

ame as 1.

cannot well determine this point; stigma quite sessile, lobed —Perhaps i Pinbeliules

Godajam, Colebr. Very similar in foliage to Z. cymosa, Blume, but

are simple, and bark of a very different colour. |

in simp!

Sect. V. Female flowers in branched peduncled cymes, rarely In n e

umbellules. eaves quite entire in all. (This differs from Sect. ^"

umbellules being more broken up into cymules.)

20. I. macrophylla, Wall, Cat. 4331 ; quite glabrous, leocneath few

elliptic-oblong obtuse quite entire rather coriaceous, nerves erous,

strong ascending, flowers in branched peduncled cymes 4-6-™

small with about 8 stones. sih Maingay:
EASTERN PENINSULA ; Penang, Phillips, Wallich; MALACCA, Grif a

? Tenassenm, Helfer, and Mergui, Grigith (Kew distrib. 2012).—D#™™
Sumatra. ;

Tlez,] . XL. ILICINEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 605

A tree about 15 ft. high (Maingay). Branches stout, bark grey; shoots quite gla-
us. Leaves rigid, light brown when dry, shining above, paler beneath, with about
68 rather distant prominent ascending nerves, sparingly reticulated; petiole short,
stout, 3-4 in. Cymes more or less effuse, with short subscorpioid many-flowered
branches ; peduncles 1-3 in., rather slender, glabrous or minutely puberulous; pedicels
as short as the flowers, sometimes umbellulate. Calyx-lobes orbicular. Petals
y oblong, obtuse, rather shorter than the stamens; of the d 4-6, united at the
, of 9 often 6, unequal and free. Stamens inserted on the corolla in the d', hypo-
gynous in the 9. — Drupe of two forms ; one perfect, globose, } in. diam., with a sessile
‘stigma and 6-8 much compressed acutely 3-gonous stones; the other (imperfect)
smaller, with a distinct but very short style and empty cells.—The Tenasserim speci-
mens doubtfully referred to this species have smaller very coriaceous leaves, 2—3 in.,
With more narrowed bases and tips, and glabrous cymes. A specimen of apparently
same plant is amongst Maingay's Malacca collections, its fruit is unknown.

21. I. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 4-5 in. elliptic or
Narrowly elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate very coriaceous rather glaucous
beneath, nerves nearly horizontal, flowers subumbellate in stout much

ranched cymes 4—6-merous, drupe 1 in. diam. with 6 stones, style distinct.

Penanc, Maingay (Kew distrib. 1021).

A tree about the size of a Guava (Maingay) ; branches woody, bark dark grey, shoots
qnite glabrous. Leaves very coriaceous, dark brown opaque and subglaucous beneath
When dry, blacker brown and shining above, midrib stout, narrowed into a stout petiole
in. (mes almost racemose, 1-2 in. long, peduncle and pedicel stout quite gla-
brous, black when dry. Flowers crowded on very short stout pedicels, j'y in. diam. ;
cymes very short judging from the fruit. Caly«-lobes orbicular, not ciliate. Petals
Tather coriaceous, broadl oblong, in the £ 4, rather shorter than the stout filaments ; in
e 9 6, inserted below the ovary free. . Stamens inserted on the corolla in the £ , hypogy-
hous in-the 9 , Drupes on stout pedicels shorter than themselves, subtended by the 6-
d calyx, rather longer than broad ; pulp very scanty; stones trigonous, thickly coria-
ous; stigma tumid, subsessile.—Near L macrophylla, but the nerves of the leaf are
lore numerous and almost horizontal.

22. X. cymosa, Blume Bijdr. 1149; branches with white bark,
leaves 3-5 in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate rather
membranous, nerves beneath very slender, flowers in lax open cymes

~8-merous, drupe } in. diam, with about 8 trigonous stones, style stout
distinct, T singapuriana, Wall. Cat. 6526. Prinos cymosa, .
Tijdschr, Nat, Gesch. x. 140; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2,595. Leuco-

"Is Javanica, Planch. mss.

Java, Ban PrxiNsULA ; from Tenasserim to Malacca, common.—DisrRre, Sumatra,
rneo. ` : :

fak: small tree; quite glabrous; bark of branches snow-white, with the epidermis
king off. Leaves usually membranous, variable in shape; nerves few or many,
Spreading, very slender, sometimes quite faint, paletbrown when dry, shining above,
rowed into a rather stout petiole 4-4 in. long. Flowers y's in. diam., in small cymes

r regular umbellules which are collected into a spreading cymose long-peduncled
Panicle ; peduncle 4-14 in.; pedicels slender } in.; £ 4-5-merous, with equal oblong
obtuse spreading petals; 9 with a 5-merous calyx and 6-8 unequal small erect concave
tals, Calyx-lobes orbicular. Drupe š in. diam., rather longer than broad, grooved
y en dry, with very little flesh, and usually 8 trigonous compressed stones; stigma on
tag ident stout short style—The white bark is very conspicuous In this plant, which

4 more open panicled cyme and longer style than any of its Indian congeners.

23. I. Wallichii, Hook. f.; branches with white bark, leaves 4-5 in.

4. Ptic or elliptic-ovate obtuse quite entire thiuly coriaceous, drupe + in.
| cam, with abot 12 compressed stones, stigma sessile. Ilicinea?, Wall.
| 12,

606 (xL. ILICINEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [ez

'TENASSERIM ; at Tavoy, Gomez.

Branches woody; bark as in Z. cymosa, but apparently less inclined to flake. Leaves
brown when dry, pale beneath, with about 10 pair of very faint-spreading nerves, nar-
rowed into a petiole J in. long.

94, I. sclerophylla, Hook. f.; leaves 5-6 in. elliptic-oblong obtuse
quite entire glaucous beneath thickly coriaceous, petiole short very thick,
cymes 9 short with a very stout peduncle and pedicels.

Matacca, on Mt. Ophir, Griffith.

A very remarkable species, of which I have seen only two fragments. The leaves are
polished above, extraordinarily thick, narrowed into a very thick petiole 4 m. long.
-Cyme 1 in. sparingly branched, branches apparently 3-flowered ; pedicels 4 Tn.
Flowers 9 only with the corolla, Calyx of 5 short rounded ciliolate lobes. Petals
many, very small, unequal, free. Ovary ovoid, truncate ; stigma sessile.

UNKNOWN SPECIES.
I. nAPHNEPHYLLOIDES, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 72, from Tonglo
Sikkim, is described as 10-androus and hence cannot be an Ilex.

LL ASIATICA, Linn. Sp. Pl. 125. This is undeterminable; no specimen exists in the
Linnean Herbarium.

o in

Orver XLI. CELASTRINEZE. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.)

Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing, Branches sometimes spinescent.
Leaves opposite or alternate, usually coriaceous, simple, petioled, rarely
subsessile ; stipules caducous or 0. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamoo»
usually cymose. Calyx small, 4-5-lobed, imbricate, persistent. ela
4-5, rarely 0, inserted below the disk or continuous with its margin,
imbricate. Stamens 3-5, rarely 2, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers
2-celled. Disk usually conspicuous, pulvinate or flattened, lobed or neg
rarely 0. Ovary sessile, the disk free at the base or confluent with i»
3-5-celled ; style short or 0, stigma triangular rarely 3-partite ; ovules 2 n
each cell, anatropous, erect, rarely 1 and pendulous, or many ascen mg
attached to the axis ; raphe in those ascending ventral, in those which are
pendulous dorsal. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous or samaroid. feb
arillate rarely exarillate, sometimes winged, albumen fteshy or 0; € E^
usually large, cotyledons foliaceous flat.—DisrRrs. Species about 4,
scattered over the tropical aud temperate regions of the whole world.
on Or

TRE I Celastrese. Stamens 4 or 5, rarely more, inserted often

beneath the margin of the conspicuous disk ; filaments subulate,
incurved. Seed (Kokoona excepted) albuminous.

SuBrRIBE I. EvONYMEX, Leaves opposite (rarely alternate in Lophe
petalum).

* Fruit a capsule, dehiscent.

a. Ovules 1-2 in the axis of each cell.
Petals free, efoveolate. Ovules 2 in each . . . . . . . 1, EuonyMUse
Petals free, 2-foveolate. Ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. . 2. GLYPTOPP
Petals connate, efoveolate, rarely 0. Ovules 2 in each cell . 3. Microtror®:

ALUM.

b. Ovules 4 or more in each cell.

Ovary 3-4-celled. Seeds arillate, rarely winged, albuminous. 4. LorHoPETALUM.
Ovary 3-celled. Seeds exarillate, winged, exalbuminous . . 5. KokooN^. .

XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 607

** Fruit indehiscent.
Ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit coriaceous, 1-2-celled . . 6. PLEUROSTYLIA.

SUBTRIBE II. CELASTREÆ. Leaves alternate. Ovules 2 in each cell,
erect. Fruit dehiscent.

Ovary free. Seeds arillate. Shrubs, usually scandent ; flowers
paniculate or racemose . . . . . . . . . . . « 7. CELASTRUS.
vary confluent with the disk. Erect shrubs or trees, often
spinose ; flowers cymose. . . . 5... sl lees
vary free, surmounted by a tuft of hairs, styles 2. Flowers
In simple or panicled racemes . . . . . . . . .

8. GxMuNosPoR1A.

9. KURRMIA.
Susrrrse IIT. ErgopENDREm, Leaves opposite or subopposite. Fruit a

dry or pulpy drupe.

Ovary confluent with the disk, flowers cymose. Seeds exaril-

ate . . , e... + + + + s s s <+ . 10. ELÆODENDRON.
Træ IT. Hippocrates. Stamens 3, rarely 2, 4 or 5, inserted on the
of the disk, Filaments flattened, sometimes adnate to the ovary, re-

ed and causing the anthers when dehiscing to become extrorse. Seed
&albuminous,— Leaves opposite except in Siphonodon.

Fruit flattened, dehiscent. Seeds winged. Scandent shrubs;

eaves opposite... . . , , +, + + + + + + s 1. HIPPOCRATEA.
Fruit a berry. Seeds not winged. Erect shrubs; leaves op-
posite , `. 20. . . 12. SALACIA.

Fruit indehiscent. [ Seeds not winged ; leaves alternate . . 13. SiPHONODON,

1. BUON'Y MUS, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, erect rarely scandent, glabrous. eaves petioled, rarely
sessile; stipules caducous. Calya 4-5-fid, spreading or recurved,
als 4-5. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the disk ; anthers broad, 2-celled.
Disk large, fleshy, 4-5-lobed. Ovary sunk in the disk, 3-5-celled ; style
short or 0, stigma 3-5-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached to the inner
angle, ascending and suspended. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3—5-lobed, angled or
8ed, coriaceous, rarely echinate; cells 1-2-seeded, loculicidal. Seeds
“vered by the aril, albuminous.— DrsTRIB, Species about 40 ; natives of the
mountainous regions of Tropical Asia and the Malayan Archipelago, a few
Scattered over Europe and North America,

Scr, I, Peduncles 1-3-flowered.
* Plowers usually 5-merous. Petals fimbriate.

l E. javanicus, Blume Bijdr. 1146 ; peduncles 1-flowered fascicled.
Benn, Pl. Jav. Rar. 130, t 98. E sumatranus, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i.
$ E Sphoerocarpus, Hassk. Cat. Pl. Hort. Bog. 229.

io PENINSULA; from Tenasserim to Penang and Malacca.—Disrrie. Sumatra,

A tree 30— i i d coriaceous, oblong, elliptic or

eline 40 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 1}-2} in., thick and coriaceous, g, ellip

tlipticoblong, acute agerem utes or obscurely crenate-serrate towards the

«ig Peduncles 2-12 in. terete. Petals oblong, about j in. Fruit 3 in., obovate-

oe. sumatranus, Miq., has fruit 1 in. or more long, but in all other respects it
es E. javanicus.

608 XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Euonymus,

ù ii : les

2. E. indicus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 : pedunc
1-3-flowered solitary or geminate. Wall. Cat. 4290; W. & A. Prodr. i»;
E. Goughii, Wight HI i. 178 ; Ic. t. 915; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47; Bedd,
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxiii.

Western PENINSULA ; on the Ghats from the Concan southward,

A shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-4 by 14-24 in., subcoriaceous, ovate or lanceolste-
oblong, entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles 1-2 in., c lindric, stoutis
Petals nearly orbicular, about 3 in., rust-coloured. Fruit Š in., obovoid-clavate.

** Flowers usually 5-merous. Petals entire.

3. E. revolutus, Wight Ill. i 178; leaves 13-2 by 2-13 in. ovate or
roundish to obovate very coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 1-3-
flowered usually geminate, petals } in. orbicular flat. Zhwaites Enum. 73 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen, lxiv.

CxzvLow; at Newera Ellia, ascending to 6000 ft. '

A small glabrous tree with subquadrangular shoots. Leaves rounded at the vicht
entire or obscurely serrate at the apex. Peduncles 1-1 in. cylindrical. Flowers brig
red. Fruit $ in., turbinate.

, 4. E. crenulatus, Wall, Cat. 4297 ; leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in. elliptic-oblong
to subovate coriaceous margins revolute, peduncles 3- or more-flowere ' 978:
tary, petals 1 in. orbicular flat. W. A. Prodr. 161; Wight Le. t. 973;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. cxliv.

Western PENINSULA ; Nilghiri hills, Wight, &c. rrate

A small glabrous tree; young branches sfichtly compressed. Leaves oreanlajo Mm
towards the apex. Peduncles 1 or more in., compressed, usually 3-flowered, but Very
times twice divided and 7-flowered. Petals rust-coloured. Fruit 4 in., turbinate.—
nearly allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety.

5. E. Thwaitesii, Laus. ; leaves 1} by 2 in. broadly lanceolate subovate
acute or blandly subacuminate subcoriaceous margins flat or Wh dn
peduncles 1 in. filiform solitary 3-flowered, petals} in. orbicular wit
dulate margins,

Czvrow; alt. 2000 ft, Walker, Thwaites. ire.
A small tree with ‘twiggy branchlets and rough dark bark. Leaves entire
Fruit 3 in., obovoid, clavate. I to
6. E. Walkeri, Wight IU. i. 178 ; leaves 13-4 by 1-13 in. een e
ovate or acuminate subcoriaceous margins flat, peduncles 1-flowered s i:
or in subsessile cymes 1-2 in. in the axils of the upper leaves, pe 7] syl.
orbicular with undulate margins. Z'hwaites. Enum. 73; Bedd. £^.
Anal. Gen, lxiv. E. zeylanicus, Moon Cat. 17.
CEYLON ; ascending to 3000 ft. :
A small tree. eaves crenate-serrate towards the apex. P eduncles es
Flowers almost sessile, exceedingly small. Fruit tnrbinate,—Small-leaved T in de-
of this species closely resemble . dichotomous, und it is possible tha; Me two.
scribing the inflorescence as dichotomously branched may have confounded the

HEE
Flowers 4-merous. . Cal.

.. 04
7. E. grandiflorus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl.Ind.ed. Carey, ti. 4055 seles
4282; Tent. Fl. Nep. 41, t. 30; Pl. ás. Rar. iii. 35, t. 954; bn
2-3 in. slender. E. lacerus, Ham. in Don Prodr. 191 ; DC. 47%".
Lophopetalum grandiflorum, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iil. 101. +
Wight mss.

2 sa
Western Temperate HnaLAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 3000 ft. to Nepal. Bu
Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Grifith, &c.

Euonymus.| XLI. cELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 609

A small branching tree, 12 ft. Leaves 3-4 in., obovate to obovate-oblong, rounded
finely and acutely serrate at the apex, shining and dark green above, pale beneath,
almost black when dry. Peduncles 3 in., slender, 3-flowered. Flowers £ in. across.
Petals white, nearly orbicular. Fruit iin. globose with 4 rounded angles yellow.

Seeds black, shining, with a scarlet aril. — À very elegant plant both in flower and
it.

Var. Leaves 14 by jm oblong-lanceolate, flowers: smaller—perhaps a distinct
species. Bhotan, Griffith.

‘8. E. calocarpus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299;
peduncles 1 in. or less stout. .

TENASSERIM, Helfer. . FN

A shrub? with glabrous terete branches. Leaves 4-6 by 23-3 in., elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, acute or subacuminate, entire, subcoriaceous, green above, pale beneath. Flowers?
aprile the size of a cherry, globose, obscurely 4-lobed. Seed 1 in each cell, aril
ted.—Closely resembling a Microtropis in the texture and colour of its leaves.

Sect. IT. Flowers in 7- or more-flowered dichotomous cymes. (See 4.
: crenulatus.)

* Flowers usually 5-merous.
t Branches cylindric.

9. E. dichotomus, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410;
leaves 11-9 in. lanceolate margins entire undulate, peduncles very slen-
der, flowers very small. Wall. Cat. 4289; W. & A. Prodr. 160; Thwaites
Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xiii.

Western PrxiNSULA ; Courtallam, Heyne. CxvLom, banks of streams at Galagama,

aites.
, À small tree with twiggy branchlets. Cymes nearly as long as the leaves, exceed-
ingly slender, but firm. S Prtals 34 in., orbicular, entire, flat. Fruit obconical.

10. E. glaber, Roxb. Fl. Ind. L '628; leaves smooth elliptic-oblong
the upper half obtusely serrate, flowers white. Wall, Cat. 4281. 1 E. ser-
ta, Wall. Cat. 4296.
EasrenN Benoa, Griffith; ? Tavoy, Wall. 1
small tree with on ath shining ck brown bark. Leaves 24 by 1-24 in., dark-
— above, paler beneath. Peduncles stoutish, 1-2} in. Petals & in., orbicular,
argins slightly undulate. Fruit? .
AR. Leaves 3-5 in. oblong-elliptic quite entire.—Bhotan, Griffith.

ll. E. serratifolius, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxiv. ; Ic. Pl. Ind.
^ - 97, t. clxxi.; leaves smooth lanceolate sharply and prominently
trate.

do ESTERN PENINSULA ; slopes of the Nilghiris, at Carcom Ghat, alt. 3000 ft., Bed-

Leaves 31-4 by 3-14 in., narrow to broad lanceolate, tapering at the apex to a short
obtuse point, Pa : in, orbicular, subcordate at the base, crenulate. Fruit glo-
455 with 5 rounded lobes.—Apparently closely allied to Æ. paniculatus, from which
X differs chiefly in its longer narrowed and more sharply serrate leaves.

12. E. paniculatus, Hb. Wight; leaves 3} by 1$ in. smooth elliptic
jy mate-serrate membranous, flowers purplish. E. crenulata var. laxiflora,
wht Ic. i. 914,
ESTERN P : on the Shi erry hills, Wight. . Š .
Yo ymes l. fer saai rdum tres Petals orbicu ar, entire, in. across. Fruit?
L, L. RE

610 XLI. CELASTRINEJE. (M. A. Lawson.) [Euonymus.

13. E. attenuatus, Wall. Cat. 4998 ; leaves 31-6 by 2-14 in. smooth
lanceolate-acuminate quite entire very coriaceous,
Knuasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, &c.
-A small tree? Cymes much shorter than the leaves, about 7-flowered. Peduncles
stoutish, flattened, erect. Petals 1 in., shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, fimbriate.
Fruit obovoid, 4-angled.

14. E. timorensis, Zipp. ? ex T'urcz in Bull. Mose, 1858, pt. i, 447;
leaves smooth 4-6 by 2-23 in. elliptic-oblong rounded or subacute at the
apex faintly serrate. tD

i N A CERET or AxDAMAN Isrps., Helfer. Peev, Kurz.—Disrnis. Timor and Philip-
pine Islds. ;

A tree? Cymes as long or nearly as long as the leaves; peduncles stouter bor in
the last species, flattened, erect. Petals not clawed, orbicular, fimbriate. Fruit:

15, E. tingens, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, H. 406; Cat.
4283; Brand. For. Fl. 79; leaves thick coriaceous rugose above ova
lanceolate sharply-serrate.
one Temrerate HrwALAYA, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich; to Simla,

th.

A tree 16-20 ft. Leaves 14-3 in. by 3-1 in., lucid, dark-green above, very p
beneath. Peduncles compressed. Petals shortly clawed, nearly orbicular, MA y
crenulate, 1 in., yellowish with purple veins. Fruit 4 in., nearly round, 4-5-angie
The flowers of this species are sometimes tetramerous.

tt Branches acutely quadrangular.

16, B. angulatus, Wight Ic. t. 1053 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal, Gen. li
E. acutangulus, Wight JH. 178. E. pterocladus, Z/ohenacker Pl. Ind. Or.
E. glaucus, T'urez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. ii. 599.
Western Pentysvta, Nilghiri hills, Wight, dic. :
A small tree, young stems acutely 4angled or-winged. Leaves 24-44 by 1-19 in,
oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, with a thickened
Flowers? Fruit narrowly obtriangular, acutely angled.

** Flowers usually 4-merous, (See 15. tingens.)
t Style 0.

17. E. nitidus, Benth, in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. i. 483; leva,
13-2 by 3-1 in. obovate-lanceolate subacuminate, fruit roundly anges
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 62; Seem. Bot. Voy. Her. 371, t. 83. E. gun
Wall. Cat. 4286.

BesGAL; Herb. Griffith (probably eult.).—Distri. Hong Kong. L

Leaves entire or obscurely serrate at the apex, coriaceous, shining. P dune s
form, 4-1 in., usually twice divided. Petals orbicular, entire, yz in. across. Fru
subglobose.—This is perhaps an introduced plant in Bengal.

* vate
18. E. bullatus, Wail. Cat. 4999 ; leaves 4-10 by 23-4 PL. Cat.

acute, fruit 4angled. Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 1749. Enonymus Sp»

Kuasta Mrs.; alt. 3-4000 ft., Wallich, &c thick,

A tree? young branches terete or slightly flattened, thick and coarse. , Tegel
entire, or faintly serrate at the apex, bullate above, nerves very prominent ]y orbi-
Peduncles many times divided. Flowers very numerous. Petals jg We puer
cular, crenulate. Fruit 4-lobed, roundish, often only 1-3-seeded.

Euonymus.] XLI. CELASTRINEX, (M. A. Lawson.) 611

19. E. fimbriatus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 408 ;
Cat. 4287; leaves ovate-acuminate biserrate membranous, fruit with
4 tapering wings. ? E. micranthus, Don Prodr. 191.

TEMPERATE Himataya ; from Kumaon, alt. 8-10,000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft.,

A tree? Leaves 14-3 by 1-1] in., elegantly fringed with sharp deep biserratures,
dark-green. Peduncles 2-3 in.: pedicels branching subumbellately. Petals 4^; in.,
white, broadly ovate, entire. Fruit leathery, the size of a cherry.—The woodcut given
In Paxton’s Flower Garden, ii. 55, t. 316, can hardly belong to this species; the leaves
resemble more those of E. pendulus or E. frigidus.

20. E. frigidus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 409 ; Cat. 4288 ;

ult leaves 3-5 by 3-13 in. oblong-lanceolate acuminate somewhat sharply
serrate, fruit with 4 long tapering wings.

SIKKIM Himaraya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., J. D. H.; Bnoraw, Griffith; Kuwaox, Wallich.

A small tree? young shoots succulent. Flowers very small, on weak succulent fili-
form peduncles and pedicels, the latter 4 in. long. Petals orbicular, entire. Fruit as

in the last species. : :
Van. Apparently a shrub, leaves 1 ft. by 3 in. faintly and distantly serrate.

tt Style manifest. `
a Fruit armed with spines.

21. E. cinereus, Laws. ; branches rough with minute tubercles, leaves
obovate, fruit 3 in. globose armed with pale-coloured spines.

East Benaat, Griffith. .

Scandent ? "Beales destitute of rootlets. Leaves 21 by 1} in., broadly obovate,
rounded at the apex, serrate, pale-coloured. Flowers ?

22 E. echinatus, Wall in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 410 5
Cat. 4285; branches smooth radicant, leaves ovate-lanceolate, fruit $ in.
globose armed with dark-coloured spines. Royle Hl. t. 31; Bot. Mag.
2767 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 165; Brand. For. Fl. 80. E. scandens, Graham
in Jameson’s Ed. New. Phil. Journ. 1827, 386. G. vagans, Wall. Cat. 4284,
Mm part.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 7—10,000 ft.

. Climbing over trees and rocks, to which the stems adhere by means of dense adven-
titions rootlets. Leaves 1-2 by 4-3 in. serrate,: dark-green above, pale beneath.
Peduncles mostly 3 times divided. Petals & in., orbicular, crenulate. Style z in.

b. Fruit unarmed. . Oin dad
. 23. E. vagans, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 412; Cat. 4284,
in part ; stem climbing, leaves 1-2 by 3-3 in. ovate-lanceolate serrate, fruit

€ size of a pea nearly black minutely tubercled.

TewrrnATE H A; Sikkim and Nipal, Wallich, &c.

Branches smooth and never radicant. This and the ‘smooth fruit are the only charac-
ters by which to distinguish this species from the last. In Bot. Mag. 54, t. 2767, Sir

- Hooker suggested that it might be a variety only, and he founded this opinion on

e circumstance that he believed he had seen a tendency in some of the fruits of Æ.

vagans to become echinate.

24 E. Griffithii, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. 2, 73; stem
Scandent acutely 4-angled or -winged, leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in. MN ^L
9blong-lanceolate. Hippocratea angulata, Grif. Notul. iv. 473; Ic. Pl.
As, Iv. t. 581, f. 1. R R 2

612 I. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Euonymus,

Bmw; on rocks at Loonkaram and Delvi Nempean on the north from Assam,

Griffith. Do oq
eaves sessile or subsessile, serrate, subbullate. Peduncles twice divided. Petals

x in., white, orbicular, entire, shortly clawed. Style 3; in. Fruit?

25. E. theeefolius, Wall. Cat. 4293; a small erect shrub, branches
terete, leaves 2-3 by 3-14 in. ovate or oblong-lanceolate coriaceous.

CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., J. D. H.;
Kuasa Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. . . :

Peduncles about twice dad short, slender. Petals reddish, orbicular, ole
gin. Style js in. Fruit the size of a large pea, nearly round, obscurely 4-ang
1-seeded.

26. E. pendulus, Wall in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 406;
Cat. 4280 ^ small tree with slender pendulous branchlets, leaves Siting
oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate coriaceous smooth an V ning
above, petals fimbriate, Brand. For. Fl. 79. E. lucidus, Don Prodr. A
P DC. Prodr. ii. 4. E. japonicus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, W
405 (not Thunb.).

Temperate HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Nipal, Wallich; East BENGAL,
Griffith. . :

ranches terete. Peduncles much compressed, fascicled. Petals 4, } in., "m
ovate-oblong, fimbriate. Stamens and style in. Fruit 4 in., obtriangular, with H oh
ing wings.—This is quite distinct from Æ. japonicus, Thunb. Kl. Jap. 100, of w
there is a good plate in Kempf. Ic. Select. t. 8.

27. E, Hamiltonianus, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, 1L a;
Cat. 4279; a shrub with terete branches, leaves 3-6 in. ovate or ova
lanceolate very finely serrate membranous, petals. entire. Brand. Por. Pe
78, t. xvi. E. atropurpureus, Roab. Fl. Ind. i. 627 (non Jacq.)

TewPERATE HniALAYA, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kashmir, Falconer, to Kumaon, Strach.
& Wint.; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. : :

Peduncles about 7-flowered. Petals j in., cordate-lanceolate with revolute margins.
Stamens and style k in. Fruit turbinate, 4-lobed.

2 GLYPTOPETALUM, Thwaites.

Erect shrubs or small trees, glabrous. Leaves opposite, potioled, bos.
stipulate, Cymes 3- or more-flowered, Calyx with 4 short spreading 4 in-
Petals 4, with 2 pit-like depressions on the upper surface. „Stamens 4,
serted above the disk ; the connective dilated; anther-cells diverging,
Disk 4-lobed. Oväry immersed in the disk, 4-lobed, 4-celled ; style s orh
stigma capitate ; ovules solitary and pendulous from the top of each i
Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded. — Seeds dla an
ELuonymus.—DistR1B. Species 3. Ceylon, Southern India, and Malay
peninsula,

1, G. zeylanicum, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 268, t. Me
Enum. 73; leaves 41-6 by 11-93 in. cymes not half as long as the lea
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxiv.

WESTERN PENINSULA; Anamallay hills, Beddome ; CExrox, in the Central province,
alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. long or

A large shrub or tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves subcoriaceous or membranous, oe od,
oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, serrate or entire. Cymes short, robust, 2-3 times oth;
supra-axillary. Petals 1 in., oblong, Fruit the size of a small cherry, greenish, smoot»
pedicels 4 in., straight,

Glyptopetalum.] XLI. CELASTRINER. (M. A. Lawson.) 613

2. G. sclerocarpum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 299
leaves 8-12 by 2-33 in., cymes not half as long as the leaves.

Prev, Kurz.

A tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves very coriaceous, finely serrate or entire.
Cymes stoutish. Flowers? Fruit globose, the size of a large cherry, rough with mi-
nute tubercles ; pedicels 13 in., straight.

3. G. grandiflorum, Bedd. Ic. Pl. 7nd. Or. 21, t. 102 ; Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen, lxv. ; peduncles longer than the leaves.
Western PrwiNSULA ; damp forests of the Wynaad, alt. 2-2800 ft., Beddome.
eaves subcoriaceous, 34-5 by 14-2 in., oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute or
acuminate. Peduneles filiform, 3-flowered ; pedicels 1 in., arcuate. Flowers 1} in. across,
Petals obovate. Fruit?

3. MICROTROPIS, Wall.

Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves opposite, petioled, or subsessile exsti-
pulate, entire, Flowers in sessile clusters, or in peduncled cymes, axillary or
Supra-axillary, sometimes unisexual. Sepals b, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 0,
connate at the base, erect. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk or on the tube
ofthe corolla. Disk 0,orannular. Ovary free, ovoid, perfectly or imperfect]
2-3-celled ; style very short ; stigma minutely 2-4-lobed ; ovules 2 in eac
cell, collateral at the inner angle. Capsule oblong, coriaceous, 1-celled,
2valved, 1-seeded, surrounded at the base with the persistent calyx.

eed erect, stipitate ; aril 0.—DrsTRrB. Species 9; mountains of India,
Ceylon, the Malayan peninsula and Java.

* Flowers sessile, clustered on the branches, (See 4, densiflora.)

l. M. Wallichiana, Wight mss. ; leaves 21-4 by 1-2 in. petioled oblong-
elliptic acute at both ends, flowers few small, fruit tapering at the base
mee at the apex. Thwaites Enum. 71; Bedd. FL Sylv. Anal.

Cerros ; forests of the Central province and Saffragam, alt. 2-5000 ft.

A middle-sized tree with slender branches. Petals yy in., ovate-lanceolate, narrowed

€ base, rounded at the apex. Fruit j in.

2. M. latifolia, Wight mss. ; leaves 4-5 by 21-3 in. petioled oblong-
lanceolate subacuminate. flowers large and more numerous than in the
š Species, fruit pointed at both ends. ? M. longifolia, Wall. Cat. 4339

part,

WrsrERN Pentsua ; from the Concan to the Nilghiris. . 1
Small tree with almost black branches. Leaves pale green, very coriaceous an
With a thickened margin, rugulose and opaque above. Petals § in., subovate. Fruit 3 in.

3. M. ramiflora, Wight Ic. t. 977 ; leaves subsessile 1-3} by 1-2 in.
broadly-elliptic or obovate rounded and slightly emarginate at the apex
eins revolute, flowers in dense clusters, fruit acute at the apex,

hwaites Enum, 72; Bedd, Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxv.

Small tree with thick coarse branches. Leaves ver coriaceous, rounded or sub-
1 ate at tbe base, regulate and opaque above, Petals š in., broadly obovate. Fruit

Testa reddish brown,

614 XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [Afierotropis.

** Flowers in axillary or extra-axillary peduncled di- or trichotomous
cymes, ,

4. M. densiflora, Wight Ic. t. 1052; leaves 2-2} by 13-2 in. elliptic
margins revolute very coriaceous, cymes j in. short dense. Bedd. Fil,
Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxv.

Western Peninsuta; Nilghiri Mts., Wight, &c. .

A large straggling shrub or small tree. Flowers sometimes almost sessile. Petals
š in., roundish-elliptic. Fruit 3 in., narrowly oblong, acute at both ends.

5. M. microcarpa, Wight Ic. t. 975; leaves 1-3 by 3-14 in. elliptic-
or broadly-lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, cymes 13-2 in. lax, fruit
oblong narrowing to the acute apex, testa light brown.

WESTERN PENINSULA; from the Concan and Maisor southwards; dry jungles at
Kotagherry in the Nilghiris, Wight. uu

An erect shrub. Leaves smooth above, glaucous beneath. Cymes di-trichotomous.
Petals obovate-cuneate.

6. M. ovalifolia, Wight Ic. t. 976; leaves 1-3 by 3-1} in. ovate or
broadly lanceolate coriaceous margins revolute, fruit ovoid subacute, testa
crimson. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxv. Elzodendron nilghirense, Wall.
Cat. 4409.

Western PrNINSULA ; Nilghiri hills, Courtallam and Ootacamund, Wight, &c.

A somewhat diffuse shrub. Cymes trichotomous, 2-3 in. Petals orbicular.— Very
closely allied to M. microcarpa, of which it may prove to be a variety.

7. M. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4337 ; leaves 3-5 by 13-23 in, elliptic sub-
acuminate membranous. flat, cymes 3-1 in. compact. Arn. in Ann. Nat.
Hist, iii. 152. Cassine discolor, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, M.

78. Celastrinea 4 Wall Cat. 9014, Euonymus garcinifolius, Howb. Fl.
Ind. i. 628.

SusrRoPiIcAL Hiwataya; Kumaon, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft, J. D. H.;
Kuasta Mrs, alt. 1-7000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T.; Texasserm, Wallich, &c.

A small tree. Petals š in., elliptic, concave. Fruit 4 in., ovoid.

8. M. bivalvis, Wall. Cat. 4340; leaves 4-8 by 14-2} in. ovate to
oblong-lanceolate acuminate membranous or subcoriaceous margins flat,
cymes 2-4 in. di-trichotomous branches widely divaricating. Celastrus
bivalvis, Jack. in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 71; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, V.
399; DC. Prodr. ii. 6. Euonymus ?leta, Wall. Cat. 4294. E. capita
ceus, Wall. Cat. 7270. E. filiformis, Wall. Cat, 4295. Paracelastrus bi-
valvis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 591.

Eastern PENINSULA; from Tenasserim to Penang, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay.—
Distris. Sumatra, Java.

_ Branches slender. Peduncles extra-axillary, usually springing from the branches at
right angles. Petals elliptic, & in. Fruit ellipsoid.

4. LOPHOPETALUM, Wight.

Trees and shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate,
petioled, exstipulate. Ca/ja 5-lobed, lobes round short. Petals 5, con-
tinuous with the disk, persistent, the upper surface cristate or lamellate or
covered. with fleshy villi or naked. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk ;
anthers oblong. Disk large, entire or lobed. Ovary small, immersed in

Lophopetalum.] XLI. CELASTRINER. (M. A. Lawson.) 615

the disk and continuous with it, trigonal or pyramidal, 3-4-celled, con-
tracted into a short style, stigma capitate ; ovules 4 or more in each cell,
in 2 series. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-angled, 3-4-celled, loculicidal, Seeds
W, rarely winged, arillate, albumen fleshy.—Drsrrie, Species 8 ; Indian
alayan and Javan.
The species without fruit have been referred to this genus by habit alone.

Beor. I. Petals crested. Disk flat, adhering to the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes
Continuous with the petals,

l L. Wightianum, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 151 ; leaves 5-9 by
2-4 in., flowers 3 in. diam. Wight IU. 178; Ic. t. 162; Walp. Rep. i. 530 ;
` e Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 48; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 145; Fl. Sylv. Anal.

. lxv.

Western PzuiNsULA, from the Concan southwards. . :
A large tree. Leaves coriaceous. Cymes axillary or terminal, branching panicu-
yee tera times. Petals with a membranous corrugated crest. Fruit 4 in. long,
ed, sharply triangular. Seeds oblong, compressed.

2. L. fimbriatum, Wight TH. i. 178; leaves 4-7 by 2-3} in. ovate or
ovate-oblong shortly acuminate, flowers nearly 4 in. diam. L. ovatum
Pres] Botan. Bemerk. 32. L. javanum Z'urcz, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc, 1863,
Pt. i, 545, Euonymus ovata, Wall. Cat. 4300.

Sitner, Wallich ; Tenasserm, at Mergui, Grifith. — Zu
aves more thin and membranous than in L. Wightianum. Flowers in axillary or
termina] rigid divaricating paniculate cymes. - Petals with a fimbriate crest. Fruit!

- Sor. IT. Petals corrugated or crisped (except 6. floribundum) on the
Upper surface. Disk flat, 10-lobed, lining the calyx.

3, L. pallidum, Lavs. ; leaves 23-3 by 1-1} in. elliptic-oblong, cymes
li in. labrous, disk faintly lobed with long fleshy hairs surrounding the
= of the stamens otherwise naked.

ALACCA, Mai . +s

` tree; whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves pale ash-coloured, almost shining,
Petiole 1-1 in, Cymes axillary. Petals 4 in., broadly ovate, corrugated on the upper
; 406.—AÀ very distinct species, readily known by the colour of its leaves, and the
"hg of fleshy hairs surrounding the stamens.

i L. Wallichii, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. u. 299;
paves 6-8 by 3-31 in. ovate-oblong rounded at the apex, cymes 6 or mo
> glabrous, disk faintly 10-lobed covered with fleshy warts.

ENASSERIM, at Tavoy, Parish; Birma, Kurz. ..

~ large glabrous tree. Leaves glaucescent, green and shining above, opaque beneath,
mjaceous ; petiole 1-14 in. Cymes axillary and terminal, paniculate. Petals "y in,

on the upper surface, whitish. Disk yellow. Capsule 4 or more E in,

ait, 3-lobed, 3-valved. Seeds compressed, imbricate ; wings 2-24.10, e ip
jong, membranous.—The description of the fruit and seed is taken from Kurz. au a
T to Dr. Hooker he would make Prismatocarpus littoralis, Wall. Cat. 6520, a

'Jnonym of the above, but in this he is in error.
14-2} in. ovate acute or

5. L. celastroides, Laws; leaves 23-4 by 1
anded at the apex, cymes 6 in—1 ft. glabrous, disk very faintly lobed
Y covered with minute fleshy lobpiata was
ASSERIM at ifith; Peau, M: . . :
in A tee ?; icio cherie creas Leaves coriaceous; petiole 1-1} jm Flowers
Qv S° axillary and terminal widely-divaricating periculate hon I We IE"
FA a broad base, slightly corrugated. Fruit ?—Closely ed to L. Wallichü.

616 XLI, CELASTRINEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [Lephopetalum.

i ; i ~2 in. oblong-
6. L. floribundum, Wight TIL i. 178; leaves 31-6 by 1-2 in. o
elliptic, cymes 6-8 in. puberulous, disk naked 5-angled, petals naked,

TrnassEerm™, at Mergui, Griffith. . k

A tree; quite glabrous with the exception of the inflorescence. Leaves acute, e
ceous; petiole j-4 in. Flowers in diffuse divaricating cymes. Petals jg in.,
orbicular.

Secr. III. Petals and disk naked, Disk cupular with a free margin.

i leaves

7. L. filiforme, Laws. ; branches very slender almost filiform, z

3 by 1j in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate with crisped margins mem
branous, petals 3 in.

TrxassERTM, at Mergui, Griffith.

Whole plant quite reed Cymes axillary, very slender, shorter Man. d et
subpaniculate. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Petals ovate, rounded a ry slender
Fruit ?—A very distinct species readily distinguished from the rest by its very
branches and crisped leaves. idi

8. L. reflexum, Laws; branches short, leaves 23-3 by kr die
ovate-lanceolate acuminate with reflexed tips coriaceous margins flat,
very small.

Maracca, Maingay. . Flowers in

Whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves minutely pellucidly punctate. Nate, yellow.
rigid divaricating paniculate cymes longer than the leaves, shortly pedicellate, y
Fruit ?—The description of the flowers is taken from Maingay's mss.

3 in. .
9. L. dubium, Zaws.; branches stout coarse, leaves 3 by là m

E h : : t
elliptic acute at both ends with a reflexed tip coriaceous margins fiat,
petals š in. _
Maracca, Maingay. . : i
A tree; whole plant quite glabrous. Flowers in stoutish erect s ps axillary
cymes, shorter than the leaves, almost sessile, Petals subtriangular. Fru

5 KOKOONA, Thwaites.

Branching trees with yellow or pale-coloured bark. Leaves opps
petioled, coriaceous. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, co anthers
glandular dots. Stamens 5, inserted into the margin of the dis ed in the
oblong. Disk thick, glandular, obscurely angled. Ovary gga cell, in
disk, 3-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobed; ovules 4 in eac g nous,
2 series, adnate to the axis, ascending. Capsule woody, oblong; ; ricate,
3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 4-seeded. Seeds broadly winged above, im

exalbuminous,—Disrris. Species 3. Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula, an:
Borneo.

the
A genus perhaps too closely allied to Lophopetalum to be kept separato when
fruit of more of the species of the latter genus 1s known.

. m.
1. X. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. v. 380, t. i ; m
52; leaves crenate or serrate, petals naked brown with nume 46; Fl.
dark red glandular dots, fruit oblong. Beddome Fl. Sylv t. j
Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxv. streams in
Western PENINSULA ; Amamallay hills, Beddome; Crvrow; banks decis
the Ambagamowa and Suffragam districts, alt. 24000 ft.

; a rrate; on adult
Leaves on young plants 6-8 in. oblong-lanceolate, subacuminate, serras — dark-

trees 24-34 in., elliptic or obovate, crenate, rounded at the apex or emarginate,

Kohoona.] XLI. CELASTRINEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) 61?

on above and glabrous, paler beneath and with numerous dark-red glandular dots.
tals broadly ovate, Fruit 1-4 in., bluntly triangular.—An oil is expressed from the
seeds and used for burning in lamps. Thwaites.

2 K. littoralis, Zaws. ; leaves entire, petals sublamellate dotless,
fruit ovate-lanceolate acute. "Trigonocarpus littoralis, Wall, Cat. 6520.

Matacca, Maingay; Srncapore, Lobb.

A tall tree, always growing in the water. Leaves 84-43 in., elliptic, dotless. Petals
ovate, Fruit 14-2 in.

6 PLEUROSTYLIA, Wight.

A glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, entire, exstipulate.
Cymes axillary, very short, few-flowered. Calyx small, 4-lobed. Petals 5,
much larger than the calyx.. Stamens 5, inserted below the disk ; con-
nective dilated at the back. Disk thick, crenulate. Ovary half immersed
in the disk, 2-celled or more commonly by abortion l-celled ; style short,
stigma broadly peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit 1-2-celled,
coriaceous, indehiscent. Seed 1 rarely 2, erect, covered by the arillus-like
endocarp, albumen fleshy abundant; cotyledons orbicular. — DISTRIB.
Decies 1 or 2; mountains of India, Ceylon, Mauritius and Madagascar.

l. P. Wightii, W. £ A4. Prodr. 157; Wight Ic. 155; Thwaites
Enum. 71; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 47. P. Heynei, W. & A. Prodr. 187.
astrus opposita, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 398 ; Cat. 4314;
C 1 Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4322.
Oe ESTERN PENINSULA ; Mountains of Malabar, Nilghiris, Quilon, and Courtallam.
XLON ; in the hot dry parts of the island.—Disrri. Mauritius and Madagascar.
elliptic-oblong to narrow oblong-lanceolate.

7. CELASTRWS, Linn.

Seandent shrubs, Leaves alternate, petioled ; stipules minute and deci-
duons, or 0. Flowers polygamous, in terminal or axillary panicles or
racemes, Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk broad, concave.
Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk. Ovary not immersed in thë

k, 2-4-celled ; style short, stigma 3-lobed, rarely 3-fid with the segments
"curved; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Cape globose or obovoid,
I-3-celled, 1-6-seeded. Seeds enveloped in a fleshy aril, albumen fleshy i
“tyledons foliaceous.—DisTRis. Species scarcely 15, natives of tropica

hina, J apan, Australia and North America,

L Branches covered with pale lenticular warts.
ents half-orbi-

1. €. paniculata, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1125; calyx-se
cular, petals 1 in. obovate-oblong entire style acute not lo ed, fruit 3-celled
pe seeded, seed 1 in. ovoid brown. Wall. Cat. 4310; Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 621;
p.c Prodr. ii. 6; W. £ A. Prodr. 158; Wight Ill. 179, t. 72 ; Ic. t. 158;
Batt. For. Fl. 82; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 47 ; Thwaites Enum. 72 ; Voi
d ort. Sub. Cale 166, C. alnifolia, Don Prodr. 190; DC. Prodr. ii 6. C.
sPendens, Wall. Cat, 4302; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cake. 166. C. multiflora,
C». Fl. Ind. i. 622, C, nutans, Rozb. Fl. Ind. L 623; Wall. Cat. 4301.
7 Rothiana, Rem. & Schult. Syst. v. 423; DC. Prodr. ii. 8. C. Metziana,

urez, in Bull, Soc, Nat. Mosc. 1858, 447. Ceanothus paniculatus, Roth Nov.

"154. Scutia paniculata, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 34.

TRorican and Suprrorica, HiwALAYA, alt. 1-4000 ft.,; Pangan, and throughout

le hilly districts of Innra, ascending to 3000 ft.; Cerros, ascending to 2000 ft.—

Divus, Malay Archipclago, and Philippine Islds.

68 : XLI. CELASTRINEJE. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Celastrus,

A scandent shrub with terete branches, the young shoots and branches pendulous.
Leaves 24-5 by 14-24 in., oval oblong or ovate or obovate, acuminate, serrate, mem-
branous. Flowers yellowish-green, in terminal pendulous panicles. Petals xs de
oblong.—Foliage very variable. An oilfor burning in lamps is expressed from the seeds.

2. C. stylosa, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 401; Cat. 4313;
calyx-segments ovate rounded, petals 1 in. oblong with wavy margins, style
3-lobed, fruit 3-celled 3-6-seeded, seed 2 by 2 in. curved black. Voigt Hort.
Sub. Calc. 166,

Nirat, Wallich; Sixx HIMALAYA, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H.; Kaasta MTS., alt.
4-5000 ft., Griffith, &c. ; ? Peau, M'Clelland. . uu

A scandent shrub with terete branches. Leaves 24-4 by 11-2 in., elliptic or ovate-
oblong, acute or subacuminate, serrate. flowers in short axillary or terminal irregular
racemose cymes. Fruit yellow, crowned by the persistent style.

IL Branches destitute of lenticels,

3. C. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 4321; calyx-segments half orbicular, |
petals } in. linear-oblong with wavy margins, style acute not lobed.

Suner, Wallich. vic

A scandent shrub, with smooth pale-brown round branches, or dark brown and rat r
rough. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2} in., elliptic-oblong, narrowed at the base, suddenly ve
shortly acuminate, faintly serrate membranous, venation conspicuous but very delicate,
shining, lowers in short axillary or terminal spicate cymes. Fruit ?—A single spe
cimen from Silhet in the Wallichian Herbarium. Closely allied to C. paniculata.

4. C. monosperma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 18; Fl. Ind. i. 625; calyx
segments broadly and roundly ovate, petals 4 in. suborbicular, style 3-lo 9:
fruit 1-celled 1-seeded, seed 3 in. elliptical brown. Wall. Cat. 4311 and 700 b
Benth. Fl. Hongk. 63 ; Voigt Hort. Sub, Cale. 166. C. Hindsii, Benth. in Hook.
Kew Journ. Bot. ñi. 334. Catha monosperma, Benth, in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. i. 483. C. Benthamii, Gardn. & Champ. in Hook. Kew Journ. 1. 310.

Eastern Bencar and Assam, Wallich, Griffith, &c.—DisrRis. China. | blong-

A scandent shrub with quadrangular branches. Leaves 2—4 by 1-1} in, 0 llow
elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrulate, coriaceous. Flowers white or greenish-ye inal
in short pedunculate cymes, frequently disposed in long slender axillary or ter :
naked or leafy racemes. Petals very finely crenate.— The whole plant drying black.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
C. crenviata, Wall. Cat. 4323, is a Siam plant.
C. FINLAYSONIANA, Wall. Cat. 4324, is a native of Siam.

C. tuoma, Wall. in Rozb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, i. 400; Wall Cat. 4318. C.
Jackianus, Steud. Nomenc. 314 (capsules many-seeded).

C. micranrua, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 625 (leaves pinnate). A native of the Moluccas.

C. PAUCIFLORA, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 400 (ovary 1-celled, pla-
centa parietal),

C. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4320, without flowers or fruit is indeterminable. :a. Roxb
C. TRIGYNA, Lam.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 624; Wall. Cat. 4315. C. obtusifolia, h

Fl. Ind. i. 625, is a native of the Mauritius, not of the Moluccas as stated by Rexburg
under trigyna.

C. YERTICILLATA, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 624, is Pittosporum floribundum, W. & 4.

8. GYMNOSPORIA, W. & A.

Shrubs or small trees, branches often spinescent. Leaves ns
exstipulate. Flowers in small dichotomous cymes. Calyx 45-1 broad,
4-5, spreading. Stamens 4-5, inserted underneath the disk.

Gymnosporia.] XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 619

sinuate or lobed. Ovary attached by a broad base, or immersed in the

disk, 2-3-celled ; style short, 2-3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell Capsule

obovoid, or nearly globose, Seeds 1-2 in each cell, ‘aril completely or par-

tially covering the seed, or 0, albumen fleshy; cotyledons foliaceous,.—
. Species 60, natives of the hotter parts of the whole world.

-* Branches unarmed. f
l. G. acuminata, Hook. f.; leaves 5-8 by 2-31 in. ovate-oblong
far nate serrate membranous glabrous, Celastrus oxyphylla, Wall.
» 4312,
Swem Haraya, alt. 2-5000 ft, J.D.H.; Kuasra Mrs., alt, 4-5000 ft.; EASTERN

SULA and Binwa, Grifith.—DisrRiB. Yunan. j .

„A shrub with somewhat slender branches. Flowers in very delicate fasciculate

otomous cymes 4-1 in. long. Petals 3; in., oblong-elliptic, reddish. Fruit 4-3 in.,
mundly obcordate, somewhat compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded, black.

2. G. neglecta, Wall. Cat. 4341 (under Celastrus) ; leaves 4-6 by 2-23 in.
wate-elliptic acute or subacuminate entire.or very faintly serrate towards
the apex very coriaceous glabrous. (C. ? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 4319. ! Bæo-

tys acuminata, Wall. Cat. 2321.

PAL and Sinner, Wallich. . : : š
A shrub? with thick stout branches. Flowers 1-1 in. long, in very delicate di-
tomous cymes. Petals as in G. acuminata. Fruit nearly globose, about } in.,

t yellow, 3-celled, 1—3-seeded.
3. G. salicifolia, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by 3-in. narrowly lanceolate
e glabrous,
AM, Simons. Dis
A shrub? with erect slender dark-coloured branches. Flowers in ‘slender di-tricho-
Ws cymes 1-2) in. long. Petals X in., suboval, concave, pinkish-white. Fruit!

+ G. oblanceolata, Laws; leaves 3-4 by 3-1 im. oblanceolate
‘Dering into the petiole serrate in the upper half coriaceous glabrous, mar-
" Tevolute in the lower half.
IRMA, Griffith. ; 5 :

À tortuous r waq with smooth blackish branches. Flowers in delicate trichotomous
mes 1-1in long. Fruit?

5. G, puberula, Zaws.; leaves 2-2} by 14-13
jenicuuninate serrate-orenate membranous puberulous on t

Bompay, La
: A shrub with < branches and peduncles puberulous. lowers
d slender dichotomous ae ein bog which are axillary or fascicled at the ends
ort branches. Fruit obovate, 4 in.?

Hi G. fruticosa, Thwaites Enum. 72 (unser Catha); leaves +-1š by
i oblong-spathulate crenate-serrate glabrous.
A YLON ; Central ince, &c., Thwaites. .
| tha Shrub, 8-10 ft. young branches angular. Flowersin corymbose cymes shorter
| Ñin the leaves ; pedicels i in, filiform. Fruit 3-% in,, turbinate, nds rh
Y transverse strim, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds red, shining, ari s QW its .
then like some of the unarmed forms of G. montana, but it may nown from
Y the slender filiform pedicels and the colour of the capsules.
LG : leaves 12-3 by 11-13 in.
iny ovata, Wall. Cat, 4308 (under Celastrus) ; 4 4
Qa aly Ovate or subovate serrate coriaceous glabrous. W. £ A. Prodr. 159.

9vata, Walp, Rep. i. 532.

in. broadly obovate
he nerves

620 XLI. CELASTRINEJX. (M. A. Lawson.) [Gymnesporia.

; Nilghiri Mts., Noton, &c. LL
A ehrab drying blackish, Š Flowers small, in fasciculate sessile dinkiotompus cymes
1-13 in. Fruit broadly obovate, 3 in, drying black, 3-celled ; cells Liceo — d
Var. ; stems more slender and straight, leaves oblong narrowed below
the apex not turning blackish when dried.—Malabar, Wight.

19i
8. G. Rothiana, W. ¢ A. Prodr. 159 (Celastrus) ; leaves a4 by ad
elliptic or obovate subcuneate at the base. coriaceous glor ilic l
Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 47. C. serrulata, Roth Nov. Sp. 155 in part. 30. allichiana,
Wall. Cat. 4304, c in part. Catha Rothiana, Walp. Rep. i. 5
w PENINSsULA ; the Concan and Canara, Heyne, &c. .
Branches thick and coarse, sometimes armed. Leaves crenulate. Flowers in cymes

. : ; cells
so reduced that they become sessile and clustered. Fruit obovate, in., 3-celled ; ce
3-seeded.

** Branches armed ; spines naked. (See 8. G. Rothiana.)

: inate.
9. G. rugulosa, Laws.; leaves 6 by 2} in. oblong, Acer !
fruit 4 in. solitary on pedicels 2 in. obovoid transversely wrinkle
Misa Hrrrs, Griffith. . . eaves
A iree ? branches E smooth bark, very sparingly armed ; spines d short. L
faintly serrate, coriaceous. Flowers? Fruit 3-celled; cells 1-seeded.

10. G. Heyneana, W. £ A. Prodr. 159 (Celastrus); leave Me by
11-21 in. elliptic crenate-serrate, fruiting cymes 3 in. dichotom om, Syst. v.
obovoid jin. smooth. Celastrus Heyneana, Roth in Rom. 155 im part.
421 in part; DC. Prodr. ii. 7. C. serrulata, Roth Not. NA Heynéana,
C. Wallichiana, Spreng. in Wall. Cat. 4304 c in part, Catha
Walp, Rep. i. 532.

Westers PENINSULA, Heyne; Pulney Mts., Wight. . . in

A tree? branches with smooth blackish Park, pines straight, 4 in» it. arbinate,
axillary dichotomous cymes 2-3 in. Petals broadly ovate, # in.
3-celled, cells 1-2-seeded, drying blackish.

iptic

11. G. Falconeri, Laws. ; leaves 2} by 1} in. obovate ot oe
serrate scabrous above pubescent beneath, fruit + m. on globose
on short peduncles or in small dichotomous cymes 4 in. long
smooth 3-celled 1-2-seeded.

Nortu-West Innra, Herb. Falconer. from

A tree? branches thickish, sparingly armed; spines 4 in. Flowers paeem
all the other Gymnosporic by its pubescent leaves. lastrus);

12. G. rufa, Wall in Roxb, Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 397 (Ce brous,
leaves 3-5 by 1-13 in. lanceolate acuminate serrate subcoriaceous rnt
cymes 1-2 in. capillary dichotomous fascicled, fruit 1—4 in. Tor e
3-celled, cells l-seeded. Celastrus rufa, Cat. 4309; Brand. i
Catha rufa, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10; Walp. Rep. i. 632.

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Kumaon, alt. 2-5000 ft., to Sikkim and hot
3-6000 ft. Knasra Mrs., alt. 2-4800 ft. . spines slender,
A large branching tree, with slender sparingly-armed branches; "s ;
4-1 in. Leaves green above, pale beneath. Flowers small. Petals jy in.
yellow inside. Seeds black.

11
13. G. Royleana, Wall. Cat. 4317 (Celastrus) ; leaves Eu Ps
ovate to obovate glabrous, cymes dichotomous shorter mods;

fruit turbinate 3-3 in. diam. 3-celled, cells 1-seeded. C. sp.

Tü. 157; Boiss. FI. Orient, ü. 11 ; Brand. For, Fl. 80.

alt.

Gymwsporia.] XLI. cELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 621

Wesrern HrmALAYA; in Kumaon and Garwhal, alt, 1-4500 ft. ? Coxcax, Stocks.—
B. Affehanistan. .
À shrub with very thorny straight or slightly zigzag branches; spines slender,
lin. Leaves serrate, Petals §-4 in., white, oblong-ovate.
i

** Branches armed. Spines bearing leaves and flowers.

,l4 G. Wallichiana, Spreng. Syst. 5, Index 150 (under Celastrus
; leaves 1-14 by 3-1 in. obovate crenate, fruit turbinate 3 in.
Celastrus Wallichiana, W. & A. Prodr. 159; Wall. Cat. 4304. C. rigida,
Wall. in Roxb. Fl, Ind. ed. Carey, ii 396. C. buxifolia, Roxb, Hort. Beng.
l8. Catha Wallichii, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10; Walp. Rep. i. 532.
Pangan, at Peshawur, Falconer; WEsTERN PENINSULA; Courtallam, Wight ; Maisor,
` Thomson; EASTERN Beneat, Herb. Griffith. i a
À shrub with zigzag branches, profusely armed with stout spines 1-3 in. long.
aves coriaceous, glabrous. Cymes shorter than the leaves, axillary and on the spines.
t somewhat inflated, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded.

l5. G. emarginata, Roth Nov. Sp. 155 (Celastrus); leaves 1-23 by

tit in, obovate-cuneate entire, flowers fascicled in?the axis of the leaves

iion the spines, fruit turbinate + in. C. emarginata, W. & A. Prodr. 160 ;
Prodr, ii. 8; Wall, Cat. 4305 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 620; Grah. Cat. Bomb.

P.39; Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 166. Catha emarginata, Don Gen. Syst. ii. 9;

ttes Enum. 72; Walp. Rep. i. 532.

p ESTERN PENINSULA, Shuter; Concan, Graham; Anamallay hills, Wight. CEYLON,
hot dry parts of the Island. . A .

ra shrub with stout zigzag branches, profusely armed with spines 1-21 in. long.
ves Sometimes broadly ovate, emarginate, very coriaceous. lowers on slender deli-

Mate pedicels 4 in. long. Fruit 8-celled, 1-seeded.

. 16. G. montana, Roxb. Fl, Ind. i. 620 (Pelasirus ; leaves 1-3 by i-2 in.
linear obovate to orbicular-obovate crenulate, cymes rigid divaricating
Cnet than the leaves, fruit globose 3 in. black 1-3-celled, cells 1-seeded.
trus montana, W. £ A. Prodr. 159; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl, 381; Wall.
E 4306; Wight Ic. 382 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 166; Roth Nov. Sp. 154;
SA Prodr, ii. 9; Bedd. Fl. Syleat Anal. Gen. ae Dalz. £ Gibs. Bomb,
, 28, C. pallida, Wall. Cat. 4307 ; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 167. C. cre-
i tus, Roth y ov. Sp. 156, not of Forst. 1 C. senegalensis, Lam. ; DC. Prodr.
| Ger’ Boiss. Fl. Or. ii. 11; Brand. For. Fl. 81. Catha montana, G. Don
` Syst. ii. 10,
ughout th i CENTRAL, Sourn- WESTERN, À
lou Dior ris. “ie parts ; Central Africa; Malay Archipelago ; Australia.
aj ranches straight, or only slightly zigzag, profusely armed, rarely unarmed. N ymes
lary or borne on the spines, forking many times. Capsules numerous, with the n
ting “ok of a pepper corn.—Although the extreme forms of this species are very is-
ih it is impossible to find characters to limit them. Celastrus montana, Roxb., com-

thos : l ed, and the leaves larger
ose forms which have the branches less profusely armes Me nore robust, cad

rader; C. senegalensis, Lam., those in which the :
kul armed, and the "leaves "smaller and narrower. C. llida, Wall, may prove
stinct species. De Candolle regards Roxburgh's and Hoth's montana as

a di
orent Species, but I follow Wight and Arnott in uniting them.

T 9. KURRIMIA, Wall a

i$ usually qui oung branches tipped with the deciduous

poules "past aku Sienai towards the ends of the
ches, coriaceous, entire, shining, penninerved; petiole slender,

and NortH-W ESTERN

X

622 XLI. CELASTRINEEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [Kurrimia.

Flowers in simple or paniculately disposed racemes. Calyx 5-fid or -lobed,
recurved. Petals 5, inserted under the margin of the disk, spreading of
recurved. Stamens inserted with the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Oviz
free, glabrous or puberulous at the base, crowned at the top with a tuft o
hairs ; styles 2 filiform, stigmas small capitate ; oyules 2 in each cell, erect.
Capsule entire or 2-lobed, 1-2-celled, dehiscing slowly with 2 valves, 1-2-
seeded. Seeds erect, completely or partially covered by a fleshy aril,
albumen abundant fleshy; cotyledons linear-oblong.—DIsTRIB. India,
Ceylon, Malayan Peninsula.

* Flowers in simple spikes, ;
1, X. pulcherrima, Wall. Cat. 4334; petals elliptic-oblon on dek
slightly puberulous forming a shallow crenate cup round the glabrous x
of the ovary. fruit narrowly oblong. K. calophylla, Wall. Cat. 4335. %
robusta, Kurz mss. Rhesa Moja, Ham. mss. ex Arn. in Ed. Phil. Joun se
. 315; Walp. Rep. i. 538. Celastrus robustus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 626. Nothoc
nestis sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 531. .
The Knasra Mrs., SruugT and Currracone ; ascending to 3000 ft. ; BIRMA, Grifith;
Texasserm, Helfer; SiwcAPonE, Wallich.— DrisrRip. Sumatra. . bove
A tree. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glossy above,

Spikes glabrous. Fruit 14-2 in. the apex often produced into a beak, 1-cell
1-seeded.

in. li j berulous
9. K. Maingayl, Laws. ; petals +} in. linear-oblong, disk pu
forming a crenate cup round the puberulous ovary, fruit bro ly oblong
acute.
Sincapore, Maingay. . i 1-14 in—
A tree. Leaves 5-9 by 31-4 in., elliptic-oblong. Spikes glaucous. Fru
Closely allied to the last species, of which it may prove to be a variety.

** Flowers in panicled spikes or racemes. lobes
3. K. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 4236; fruit š in. unequally 2-lobed, ral š
diverging. Rhesa paniculata, Arn. in Ed. Phil. Journ. xs % "
Rep. i. 538. "Trochisandra indica, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 120; Fl. Sy.
Gen. lxvii. Pyrospermum calophyllum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppt. x
Penance, Wallich, &c.; Suxcarore, Maingay ; abundant in Anamallay Hills,
dome—DisrRis. Sumatra. dicellate, ia
A tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 6-12 by 2-3 in. Flowers shortly m pe ry
stoutish paniculate racemes, Petals obovate-oblong, flat. Disk lobed, gla "X e r
glabrous beneath the tuft of hairs. Fruit with the smaller lobe abortive Pea :
l-seeded.—I have seen no specimen of Beddome's Trochisandra indica, bu
description and figure I am not able to distinguish it from the above.

2. into
4. K. bipartita, Laws.; fruit 11 in. divided nearly to the base
2 equal nearly parallel lobes.
Western PENINSULA; Shivagherry hills, Wight. . it-Lobes
Leaves 3-8 by 13-3 in., elliptic-oblong. , Pawicles stoutish. Flowers? at the aril
narrowly oblong, rounded at the apex, black, 1-seeded. Seed not half covere qu
l ,

ere t
5. K. ceylanica, Arn. Pug. in Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xvil- ps: Bedd.
fruit š in. elliptic or elliptic-oblong not lobed. ZAwaites Enum. 12;
Fl. Sylv. t. 147.

CrxyLon ; warm moist parts of the island.

Kurrimia. | XLI. CELASTRINEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) 623

A large tree. Leaves 3-6 by 1-3 in., ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, the apex often

Müexed. Flowers sessile, in slender panicled spikes. Petals elliptic, J, in. Fruit

reddish brown, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed nearly covered by the aril.

Var, montana, Thwaites, Lc. ; panicles smaller and more succulent, flowers larger.—
tral province, ascending to 5000 ft.

10. ELZEODENDRON, Jacq. f.

Small trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, crenate or
entire. lowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, often polygamous.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk thick. Stamens 5; anthers
nearly globose, Ovary continuous with the disk, conical, rarely 2-4- or
lled; style very short; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit succulent or dry,
L2celled, indehiscent; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seed without an aril,
. uminous.—Distrip. About 30 species, natives of South Africa, Tro-
Peal Asia, America and Australia.

L. Ë. glaucum, Pers. Synops. i. 241; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 638; Wall.
lat. 4325; DO. Prodr. ii. 10 ; Theoaites Enum. 73; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. lxvii. E. Roxburghii, W. & A. Prodr. 157; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 38;
Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 48; Wight Ill 178, t. 71; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.
dnal. Gen, 67 ; Fl. Sylv. 148; Brand. For. Fl. 82. E. paniculatum,
F. & A, Prodr. 157. E. oxyodon, Z'urez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, pt. i.
Celastrus glaucus, Vahl Symb. ii. 42. Mangifera glauca, Kotib, in
Noo, Act, Harn, ii. 534, t. 4, f. i. Euonymus grossa, Wall. in Roxb. FL I nd.
ti. Carey, ii. 408 ; Cat. 4991. E. Tina, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4292. Neerija
| fihotoma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 646. Rhamnus Neerija, Spreng. Syst. Veg.
"ppl. 86. Schrebera albens, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1092.
Throughout the hotter parts of Innra and Cevrox.—Disrnrms. Malay Archipelago,
ves 2-6 by 3-23 in., elliptic or ovate, acute or acuminate, crenate or nearly entire,
Tanous or subcoriaceous. Flowers in diffuse dichotomous cymes. Fruit woody,
ü oid, 4 in, tipped at the apex with the persistent style, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—So far
foliage is concerned this is a most variable species.
put 1. montanum, Thwaites Enum. 73; fruit 4 in. globose very hard and woody
lled l-seeded brown.—Cey on, in hot drier parts of the Island. .
AR. 2. leaves 21 by 1 in. oblong-elliptic subacuminate, fruit j in. round succulent

Xelled black.—Canara, Ritchie.

11. HIPPOCRATEA, Linn.

Small trees or scandent shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled ; stipules
wall, caducous. Flowers small, white or greenish, disposed in axilla
Ess, more rarely in terminal cymose panicles. Calya small, 5-parted.
Same spreading, much larger than the calyx, imbricate or valvate.
t1 3, recurved, lying in the grooves of the ovary. Disk conical or

Ovary surrounded by the disk, 3-celled ; style very short or 0,
petas 1-3 ; ovules 2-10 in each cell, in 2-series, inserted ón the inner angle.
nat of 3-flattened carpels connate at the base, usually dehiscent. „Seeds
69, Pressed, usually winged below, exalbuminous.—DISTRIB, Species about

i ves of the tropics of both hemispheres.
Petals 3—3 n.—Shrubs with climbing branches.

l E. ob i ; calyx-lobes triangular.
* Obtusifolia, Roxb. Fl Ind. i 166; calyx-io! 1 ,

als Y in. subulate Duberilpus W. & A. Prodr. 104; Wight Ill. i. 134
936; DC. Prodr. i. 569; Thwaites Enum. 52. H. barbata, Z. Muell.

EN

624 XLI. CELASTRINEJE. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Hippocratea,

in Trans, Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 23. H. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 4213, H.
rigida, Hamp. H. tortuosa, Wall. Cat. 4216, H. volubilis, Heyne x. d
Cat, 4215 (not of Linneeus), Salacia levigata, Wight in Hook, Bot. Muse.
295 ; Suppl. t. xxxvi. (non DC.).

EASTERN and WESTERN PENINSULAS, from Tenasserim and the Concan southwards,
Suruet, Wallich—Distem. Malay Archipelago, China, Australia, tropical ans d

A climbing shrub; young branches often quadrangular. Leaves 2-5 by E ç jew
elliptic or oblong, obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, crenate-serrate or entire, g TM
coriaceous. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Cal, at-lobes Koss
Disk puberulous. Ovules 6 in each cell Carpels 14-2 in., obovoid, emarg!
striate, 4-6-seeded.

. 1

9, H. Cumingii, Zaws.; calyx-lobes round, petals š in sba
puberulous outside inside covered with rust-coloured hairs for the upper
three-fourths glabrous below, ;

Maraccea, Grifith.—DisrRis. Philippines. .

A climbing Keli Leaves 3-4 b VEO in., elliptic, acute or subacuminate, glabrous,
coriaceous, entire. Flowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Baro
lobes very short, glabrous, entire, Disk with a ring of hairs at the base of the s
otherwise glabrous. Fruit?

3. H. Lobbii, Laws. ; calyx-lobes elliptic-oblong, petals elliptioor
slightly cohering at the base entirely covered on the inside wl
cinereous hairs. f

TrNassERIM ; at Moulmein, Lobb. q s

A climbing shrub? Leaves 3-4 by 3-2 in., broadly elliptic, subacuminate eng
glabrous. Cymes 2-3 times divided, shorter than the leaves. Calgz-
pubescent. Petals bin. Anthers almost sessile. Fruit?

4. E. Arnottiana, Wight IU. i. 133, t. 46-47 ; calyx-lobes orbitis
ovate, petals + in. shortly clawed cordate very concave wit
margins. Salacia terminalis, Z'hwaites Enum. 407. nest

WESTERN PENINSULA ; Quilon, Wight; Canara, Plant. Hohenacker. CEYLON,
Galle, Thwaites. + elliptic, acute

A climbing shrub, glabrous in every part. Leaves 3-3 by 13-23 1n, i axillary
or subacuminate, very coriaceous, entire or faintly crenate, glabrous. Cy
or panicled. Calyx-lobes entire. Fruit 24 in., oblong, emarginate.

** Flowers very numerous, Petals 3; in. or less,—Shrubs with clin

branches. nicled
5. H. Grahami, Wight JU. i. 134; Ic. t. 380; cymes diffuse PT"

longer than the leaves, calyx-lobes orbicular sharply crenate. aniculats,

Gibs, Bomb, Fl, 32. H. lanceolata, Wall: Cat, 4214. Salacia p

Wall. Cat, 4214, B in part. Assan and

Western PrxiwsULA; from the Concan southwards, Wight, &c. z
? Siuugr, Wallich. bacominalt
A clmbing shrub. Leaves 3-5 by 13-2 in., ovate-elliptic, acute or Polong ge
entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Petals Jy in., very shortly clawed, linear emarginate.
brous. Anthers subsessile. Disk glabrous, Fruit 3 by j in., linear-oblong, panicles
Var. Leaves 4 in. lanceolate-acuminate, flowers in slender divaricas u:
twice the length of the leaves, fruit 22 in. narrowly elliptic.—Assam,

j es very

6. H. indica, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 193; leaves 11-23 by 1-13 10: 9T. entire

slender dichotomous shorter than the leaves, calyx-lobes trian |, ji. t. 1905
fruit 1-1} in. DC. Prodr. i. 568 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165; Cor.

Hippocratea.) XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 625

W. & A. Prodr. 104; Dalz, & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 32; Thwaites Enum. 52;
Ol. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 368; Brand. For. Fl. 83. H. disperma, Vahl
Enum. ii. 28; Wall. Cat. 4210 in part. H. euonymoides, Vahl Enum. ii.
28. H. obtusifolia, Roxb. Wall Cat. 4211. Tonsella disperma, Poir.—
Celastrinea 1 Wall. Cat. 9013.

In the hotter parts of IxprA from Behar, the Concan, and Tenasserim southwards,
and in CEYLOoN.— DISTRIB. Malay Archipelago and Africa.

A shrub with climbing branches. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or subacu-
minate or lanceolate, finely serrate, membranous, glabrous. lowers glabrous, exceed-
ingly small. Cymes many times divided ; partial cymes subumbellate. Petals 3, in.,
usually 6, elliptic oval-oblong, concave. Ovules 2-4 in each cell. Fruit oblong. Wall.
Cat. 4111 B? is evidently the same plant.

7. H. arborea, Roxb. Hort. Beng.5; Fl. Ind. i. 167; Cor. Pl. t. 205 ;
leaves 4-7 by 23-3} in, cymes and fruit 3 in. Wall. Cat. 4212; DC.
Prodr. 569; Brand. For, Fl. 83. 1 H. disperma, Wall, Cat. 4212 B.

Interior parts of INDIA, Roxb. ; Buoran and the Kuasia Mrs., Griffith ? Morung Mts.,
Hamilton,

Subarboreous, with climbing branches. Leaves ovate-elliptic, subacuminate, serrate,
membranous, glabrous. Fruit of 3 carpels, cuneiform, 3 by 14 in.—This ought probably
> 9€ considered a variety of H. indica, from which it differs apparently in nothing but
$7. In the description given by Roxburgh of JZ obtusifolia (Fl. Ind. i. 166) the
lovers are those of H. indica proper, while the leaves belong to .H. obtusifolia, Wight.

** PF rect trees,

8. H. Maingayi," Laws. ; cymes 3-flowered, racemose.
Matacca, Maingay.—DisrRiB.? Borneo. . i
ranches terete. Leaves 3 by Š in., lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous. Carpels tri-
Metrous, 4-5 in., woody. Seeds 34-44 in., oblong.

19. SALACIA, Linn.

Scandent or sarmentose shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
"itipulate, lowers few or many, clustered in the axils of the leaves or
*ttra-axillary, more rarely in cymes, Calyx small, 5-parted, Petals 5,
lnbricate ‘Stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4, continuous with the disk, recurved.

conical, immersed in the disk, 3-celled; style very short, stigma
on e or 3-lobed ; ovules 2-8 in each cell, in 1-2 series, inserted on the inner
angle. Pruit baccate, 1-3-celled, sub-woody or fleshy. Seeds large, angular.
~YISTRIB, Species about 70, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres.

E Flowers 1-6 from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle.
0. Leaves coriaceous mostly 6-12 in.

¿` S. flavescens, Kurz in Journ. As.'Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 300; leaves
12 by 2-3} in, oblong-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved,
X Wers about 3 very small Dryptopetalum coriaceum, Arn. n Ann.
yu, His. i. 373. Microtropis coriacea, Wall. Cat. 4338. M. longifolia,
all. Cat, 4339, in part.
ERN PENINSULA, from Tenasserim, Gomez, &c., to Penang, Wallich, &c.
bert small tree with black branches. Leaves green glabrons and shining above, paler
ath, dryin light-yellow. Flowers axillary and extra-axillary, sessile or on pedicels
aer g in, ruit? "The dark stems and light-coloured leaves, together with a general
of a Microtropis, serve to distinguish this species from its allies.
I.

VoL, ss

626 XLI. CELASTRINEX, (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia.

2, S. longifolia, Hook. f. mss. (not Wall); leaves 6-14 by 2-4 in.
elliptic-lanceolate acute or subacuminate margins recurved, flowers 3-6
large.

ALAY, Maingay; Penang, Phillips; Prince of Wales Island ?

n small tree wi 1 rather coarse pale-coloured branches. Leaves pale-brown when
dry, glabrous, coriaceous, shining beneath and finely reticulated. Flowers axillary or
extra-axillary, usually sessile but sometimes on pedicels 4-4 in. Petals obovate, 1-1 it.

3. S. grandiflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1872, ii. 300 ; leaves
6-12 by 21-4 in, oblong with a short obtusely-cuspidate reflexed apex
margins recurved, flowers large.

TENASSERIM, Kurz; Maracca, Griff. and Maingay; Penana, P. hillips. —.

A small tree. Leaves. very AAA glabrous and shining, finely rendum
Flowers 1-3 axillary and extra-axillary, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, the npe
in the genus. Petals 4 in., roundly obovate. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., black, smoo "
Closely allied to S. longifolia, of which it is perhaps only a variety. Maingay H Fan
men, No. 401, from Malacca, has pale-green leaves and a rough light-coloure ,
is perhaps a distinct species.)

b. Leaves coriaceous 14-5 in. rarely more.

4. S. Maingayi, Laws. ; leaves 13-2 by 12 in. ovate subacute enum
flowers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pedicels stout š-š in., petals ç
roundly-oblong.

PENANG, Maingay. Leaves

A scandent shrub. Branches terete, rough with minute tubercular warts.
very coriaceous, drying black. Fruit?

,

5. S. Lobbii, Zaws. ; leaves 3-34 by 1-14 in. elliptic-oblong
obtuse point entire, flowers 1-3 in each axil thick and fleshy, pe
1-13 in., petals 1 in. roundly ovate subcordate at the base.

SINCAPORE, Lobb. ^

An erect shrub, Branches terete, covered with minute warts. Leaves not drying

black. Fruit ?
6. S. prinoides, DOC. Prodr. i. 571; leaves 14-3 by Lip in, oe
obtusely acuminate serrate, flowers 3-6 from each tubercle, podia
š in. petals 3 in. broadly ovate, fruit the size of a small poi
Wall. Cat. 4919; W. € A. Prodr. 105; Dalz. £ Gibs. B Wightiana
S. podopetala, T'urez. in Bull. Soc, Nat, Mosc. 1863, i. 581. 8. 1 ak: DC.
all. Cat. 4221. Johnia coromandeliana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. L. g
Prodr. i. 571. "Tonsella prinoides, Willd. in Act. Ac. Cur. Ber. 1Y.

Sitner and the Kuasra Mrs., H. f. & T.; Easrern and WESTERN ram
Cryton.—Disrris. Java and the Philippine Islands. + neous. Flowers
A small straggling tree or large climbing shrub. Leaves very coraco dit globose,
mostly axillary, Sepals puberulous, ciliate. Petals unguiculate, entire.
1-celled, 1-seeded, black.

7. S. Brunoniana, W. & A. Prodr, 105 ; leaves 2-3 by
or elliptic obtuse or with a short obtuse acumination NT Sate from
flowers 1-2 in each axil, pedicels under 4 in. slender petals Q ^ El; Dals.
a broad base margins incurved when dry. Wall. Cat. 491 r
£ Gibs. Bomb. FL. 33.

Wesrern PrNiNSULA, Hb. Wight; Ram Ghaut, Dalzel & Gibson. h minute reddish

A scandent shrub with black rigid divaricating branches, rough wit

with a short
dicels stout

in. oblong
io A

Salacia. } XLI. CELASTRINEE, (M. A. Lawson.) 627

warts. Leaves black when dry. Fruit ?—S. Finlaysonii, Wall. Cat; 4220, which ap-
pears to be nearly allied to this species, is not Indian.

8. S. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 4217; leaves 3-6 by 3-2 in. oblong-
lanceolate or elliptic-oblong caudate-acuminate entire or very faintly
serrate, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under 4 in. petals ij in. roundly
obovate, fruit 13-2 in. diam. smooth. IH. A. Prodr. 105 ; Dalz. & Gibs.
Bomb. Fi, 33. 1 S. chinensis, Z. ; DC. Prodr. 571.1 S. cochinchinensis,
Lour. DC. Prodr. i. 571. 1 Indeterminata, Wall. Cat, 4291. Johnia sala
cioides, Roxb. Fl, Ind. i. 168 ; DC. Prodr. i. 571.

A scandent shrub. Branches pale-brown with wrinkled bark. Sepals glabrous,
entire. Fruit globose, 2-3-seeded.— This is the true S. Roxburghii of Wall. Cat.,
and seems to be confined to the N.E. of India, so that the specimen in Hyne's Herba-
num alluded to by Wight & Arnott was probably not of his own gathering.

9. S. ovalis, Laws. ; leaves 3-4 by 13-2 in. elliptic-obtuse or rounded
at both ends entire, flowers 3-6 in each axil, pedicels under 4 in. slender,
petals 2, in. ovate.

Matacca, Maingay.

A scandent shrub with smooth black pruinose branches. Leaves subcoriaceous, pale-
coloured. Fruit?

10. S. rubra, Laws, ; leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in. elliptic-lanceolate pointed
at both ends entire, fruit 13 in. diam. rugose bright red.

Maracca, Maingay. .
A scandent? shrub with coarse pale-coloured branches. Flowers ? Fruit 2-seeded.

ll. S. reticulata, Wight IU. i. 134; leaves 21-4 by 1-23 in. elliptic or
Sübovate rounded at the apex or with a short obtuse point very faintly
serrate or entire shining above finely reticulated beneath, flowers 6 in
each axil, pedicels under i in., petals ovate acute 1 in., fruit 2 in. diam.
tuberculate. Thevaites Enum. 53.

Western Peninsuta ; Quilon, Wight; CEvLow, ascending to 3000 ft.

A scandent shrub with blackish branches. Sepals glabrous, entire.

AR. diandra, Thwaites Enum, 53 (sp.); leaves smaller, less coriaceous; stamens 2.

€. Leaves membranous.
12. S. membranacea, Laws, ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in. elliptic entire.
Sikkim, Herb, Griffith; Khasia, 2-3000 ft., H. f. & T.
. „A scandent shrub with slender stems and branches. Branches completely covered
minute pale-coloured warts. Leaves flat, shining, and very finely reticulated on
th sides. "lowers ? Fruit 1$ in. diam., green. Seeds yellow ina subfleshy pulp.—
a parently intermediate between S. Roxburghii and S. viminea, but approaching the
tter most closely.

Lo S.? viminea, Wall. Cat. 7267; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. elliptic-
ceolate obtusely subacuminate crenate.
Mercus, Griffith ; Moulmein, Griffith ; Tenasserim and Andaman, Helfer.
ñ scandent shrub? with exceedingly slender branches. Leaves shining above,
bey reticulated beneath. Flowers 1-3 together, axillary or extra-axillary, flat, mem-
nous or submembranous. Pedicels -4 in., very slender. Fruit?

** Flowers very numerous from an axillary or extra-axillary tubercle.

14. S, multiflora, Wight Ill. i, 134; whole plant pale-coloured, pedicels

lin, Very slender.
ss2

698 XLI. CELASTRINEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [Salacia.

TENASSERIM, at Mergui, Griffith. b

A scandent ? shrub, with v. light-coloured branches and leaves. Teave "SL
23-4 in., elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, margins slightly recurved, nm br os orpling
coriaceous. Petals 1 in., orbicular. Ovules about 8 in each cell. Frui 4 uh over.
S. flavescens, but readily distinguished by its numerous flowers an g
pedicels.

15. S. verrucosa, Wight TI. i. 134; whole plant drying near iy ae
branches covered with minute rough warts, pedicels slender j- 3
memecyloides, Wall. Cat. 4218. e oine Talandi

Tenasserim, at Moulmein and Mergui, Griffith, &c.—DrerRr. Philippine bus: ai

A shrub. Leaves 34-5 by 13-21 in., elliptic-oblong or broadly lanceola 2s orice
the apex or with a short obtuse acumen, entire or faintly perrato, vh tsi
Flowers from chiefly extra-axillary tubercles. Calyzx-lobes fringed Yr "i 3 in, diam,
hairs. Petals j in., oblong-ovate, obtuse. Ovules 2 in each cell. Fru
subglobose, smooth, black.

š earl:
16. S. macrosperma, Wight Ic. t.962; whole plant drying n y
black, branches without warts, pedicels stoutish usually under š in.

Western Peninsura, from the Concan southwards. . ^ and

A diffuse rambling shrub. Leaves 34-5 by 14-2} in, oblong-elliptic, shorty, ary
obtusely acuminate, entire, very coriaceous, lowers chiefly Kor. maller than in
tubercles. Calyx-lobes fringed with rust-coloured hairs. Petals Fe e. at 1-14 in.
S. verrucosa, ovate, obtuse from a broad base. Ovules 2 in each cell. o. not fringed in
diam., globose, rugulose, black.—Wight says that the calyx-lobes "ni ciliated. Very
this species, but in some of his own specimens they are distinctly )
closely indeed allied to S. verrucosa.

*** Peduncles under 1 in. 3-flowered.

. Wi . t,
17. S, oblonga, Wall. Cat, 4236; W. 4 A. Prodr. 106; W He Te
47 B ; Thwaites Enum. 53; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 33 t 97 ` B. pomi-
Anal. Gen. lxvii. t. x. iv. S. oppositifolia, Rottl. ; Wight Ic. t. 97.
fera, Wall. Cat. 4227, not W. & A. ' hotter parts of
(sera PrxiNsULA; from the Concan southwards. CEvrow, in the ho su
the island. . Par. nded a
A small glabrous tree or shrub. Leaves 3-6 by 14-2 in., elliptica "turning
the apex or with a very short obtuse acumen, slightly serrate, su ji owing tothe
yellow when dry. Flowers sometimes sessile in the axils of the 1 labrous, entire.
extreme shortness of the common peduncle. Calyx-lobes roun ? , E 2-24 in. diam.,
Petals about 3 in., broadly elliptic, serrate. Ovules 4 in each cell. Fru
tuberculate, light-brown. ` Seeds about 8.

**** Flowers in branching cymes.

18. S. fruticosa, Heyne in Wall, Cat. 4223 (under Tonsella) ;
in dichotomously branched cymes 3 in.

Western PENINSULA ; Canara, Herb. Hohenacker, Kurz, Bottler.. or shortly and

A scandent shrub. Leaves 3} by 14 in., elliptic-lanceolate, "bic ular, with à w
obtusely acuminate, serrate, chartaceous. Petals jy in. diam., ase variety.
border. ruit ?—Closely allied to 8. floribunda, of which it may

flowers

ike eer cad in. long.
19. S. Grifüthii, Lows. ; flowers in divaricating cymes 4 10.
Habitat unknown.— Herb. Griffith. 1 renate-serrate, sib
Leaves 3-5 by 11-2 in., oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, Pruit?
coriaceous. Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovules 2, superposed.

Balacia. | XLI. CELASTRINEE. (M. A. Lawson.) 629

120. S. floribunda, Wight Ill. i. 134; flowers small umbellate in di-tri-
chotomous cymes. S. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 4224. S. longifolia, Wall. Cat.
4225. S. pomifera, W. d: A. Prodr. 105. 1 non Wall.

Sinner, De Silva; Assam and the Kuasta Mrs., Grifith, &c.; TeNAssERIM, at
Mergui, Griffith.

A scandent shrub. Leaves 3-6 b 3-22 in., elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and obtusely
acuminate, serrate, subcoriaceous, shining. Petals orbicular. Ovules 2 in each cell,
Fruit 14 in. diam., globose, black.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES,

s. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4222; leaves 21-3 by 12-2 in, flowers?
tripe? the size of a cherry pyriform sinooth. .

SixcAPonE, Wallich.

13. SIPHONODON, Griff.

A small glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, entire or cre-
hate ; stipules minute, deciduous, Peduncles axillary, short, 3-4-flowered.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk not distinct from the base of the

yx. Stamens 5, connivent round the pistil, filaments flattened. Ovary

immersed in the disk, conical, the summit hollowed out and stigma-
tose in the cavity round a central column, cells numerous in 2-4 series ;
ovules solitary in each cell, ascending and pendulous. Drupe globose, har
and fleshy, with numerous 1-seeded bony stones superposed in rings round

e central axis, testa membranous, albumen sub-horny.—DisTRIB. Species
2; Malayan Peninsula, Java, Australia.

Mr. Bentham in his Flora Australiensis remarks that the ovary must probably be
Tegarded as being 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell separated by spurious trans-
Verse dissepiments.

yi, S. celastrineus, Grif. in Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist, iv. 247, t. 14;
Wall, Cat. 9019 ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i pt ii. 592; Hook. f. in Trans, Linn.

0c. xxii. t. 26, ° Astrogyne coriacea, Wall. mss.

Prov, Kurz; Penane, Grifith.—DisrRiB. Java. .
ves 4-8 by 2-24 in., oblong or oblong-elliptic, acute or subacuminate, crenate-
errate, coriaceous, Peduncles under 1 in. Flowers yellowish. Fruit globose, 1-14 in.

Order XLII. RHAMNEZE. (By M. A. Lawson, M.A., F.L.S.)

Shrubs or trees, erect or scandent (cirrhose in Gouania) Branches un-
armed spinous or aculeate. Leaves simple, alternate (opposite or sub-
opposite iu Scutia and Sageretia) usually coriaceous, often 3-5-nerved ; sti-
pules small, deciduous or changed into prickles. Flowers hermaphrodite or
Polygamous small, greenish, in lax or dense axillary cymes, which are
Solitary or disposed in spikes or panicles, Calyx 4-5-fid ; lobes triangular,
erect or recurved, usually carinate within, valvate. Petals 4-5, rarely 0,
inserted on the throat of the calyx-tube, usually shorter than its lobes,
Cucullate or involute. Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals and opposite

them, often enclosed within their folds; anthers versatile, 2-celled,
dehiscing longitudinally. Disk fleshy and fi the calyx-tube, or thin
and lining it, entire or lobed, glabrous, rarely tomentose. Ovary sessile,
or immersed in the disk, shally fee from the calyx-tube or more or

630 XLII. RHAMNEZ. (M. A. Lawson.)

less adherent to it, 3- rarely 2-4-celled ; style short, simple, or 2-4 ees.
ovules 1 in each cell, erect, anatropous, raphe dorsal. Fruit free or gn 5 !
the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, 3- more rarely RA M
capsular or a dry or fleshy drupe, sometimes winged. . Seed with pw y
„albumen, rarely exalbuminous ; embryo large, erect.—DISTRIB. Abun nd
‘in the tropical and temperate regions of the world; genera 38, spe
above 400.

VITMANNIA AFRICANA, W. & A. Prodr. 166; W. Ic. 490, is a S. African plant, a
Indian.

TREE I. Ventilagineee. Scandent unarmed shrubs, Leaves se
Disk filling the calyx-tube. Ovary superior or half superior. f Ma s]
l-celled, 1-seeded, girt at the base or middle by the calyx-tube.
exalbuminous,

Fruit indehiscent, prolonged above into a linear-oblong wing}. . . 1. Mies.
Fruit a 2-valved broadly oblong capsule . . . . . + + + 2. DM

Tar II. Zizyphese. Shrubs or trees. Disk filling the calyx-tube.
Fruit a dry or fleshy drupe with a 1-3-celled stone.

- 8,
Leaves prominently 3nerved . . 2... 1 ee + + o, + + Š. Dec
Leaves penninerved . o o. . . + + + eee £

Tre III. Ehamnese. Shrubs or trees. Disk lining v filing b
calyx-tube. Ovary superior or half-superior. Fruit dry or fleshy,
(rarely 2 or 4) pyrenes or cocci, ;

* Disk thin, lining the calyz-tube.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Cymes axillary. Fruit inde-

hicent. . . . . . . Mic
** Disk fleshy, filling the calyx-tube.
Leaves alternate, unequal. uc swollen, fleshy : An drétodd 6. HovENI-
mi opposite or subopposite. F lowers subumbellate. = — 7. BOUTA
Unam or opines dee Flowers sessile in terminal panicles q guum

` + + + + + t t m m : rt oz "i
Leaves alternate. Peduncles slender, not fleshy. An unarmed shrub 9. CoLUBRI

: istent
pama IV. Gouanies. Fruit inferior, crowned with the persiste
calyx.

Fruit globose, not winged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate 10. APTERON.

racemes . . , * + + + + 4 s S m * ° GoUANIA-
Fruit 3-winged. Flowers fascicled, forming paniculate racemes . 11. Haus on
Fruit ovate, terete. Flowers subumbellate . o

1. VENTILAGO, Gertn.

Scandent shrubs, Zeaves alternate, subbifarious. lowers S qm
„posed in axillary and terminal (usually leafless) panicles, rarel rn . calyx-
of the leaves. Calyx 5-fid, with spreading internally keeled lo adnate to
tube obconical, Petals 5, obtriangular or cucullate. Stamens 5, sunk in
the base of the petals. Disk S-lobed with a free margin. Ovary tt hose,
the disk, 2-celled; style very short, Fruit samaroid, the nut 5

Ventilago.] XLII. RHAMNER. (M. A. Lawson.) 631

grt at the base or middle by the adhering calyx-tube, prolonged above into
a linear or linear-oblong coriaceous wing, l-celled, 1-seeded. Seed sub-
globose, exalbuminous.— DrsTRIB. Species about 10, scattered over the
tropics of Asia, Africa, America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

,.l V. madraspatana, Gert», Fruct. i. 223, t. 49, f. 2; flowers in slender
simple or paniculate spikes, fruit 13-2 by Zin, nut girt at the base.
W. £ A. Prodr. 164; Wight Te. 163; Wall. Cat, 4268 ; Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb.
Fl. 48; Thwaites Enum, 74 ; Brandis For. Fl 96. V. bracteata, Wall.
Cat. 4269,

Western PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards; Tewasserm, at Moulmein and

ergui, Griffith, &c.; CEYLON, common in hot dry places.—Disrris. Java.

Young branches and leaves glabrous or only slightly pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by
1-13 in, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute or subacuminate, crenate or entire ; costal
nerves 6-8 pair. Calyx slightly puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Ovary with
Mew white hairs at the base; styles nearly straight.

. 2 V. calyculata, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat, Ser. 4, viii, 124 ; flowers
In densely pubescent paniculate spikes, fruit 13-2 by $ in. pubescent,
hut girt round the middle. Brandis For. FL 96. V. denticulata, Wid.
Nov, Act. Ber. iii. 417; DC. Prodr. ii. 38. V. macrantha, Tulasne in Ann.
Se. Nat. Ser, 4, viii. 123. V. madraspatana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 629; Cor.
PL i, 55, t. 76; Wall Cat, 42686; W. & A. Prodr. 164 not of Gaertn.
V. silhetiana, Smithiana, and sulphurea, Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat.
: Iv.-viii. 125,

B Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the Kumaon HIMALAYA and Nrrat, to
ipn Sinner, TENASSERIM, and throughout the Western PENINSULA.—LDisTRIB.
Leaves pubescent 34-6 by 4-24 in., ovate or ovate-elliptic, crenate-serrate, with
about 6 pairs of costal dva Calva densely pubescent without, hairy within on the
disk, . Geary densely pubescent; styles longer than in V. madraspatana and more
diverging. T ruit yellow, often densely pubescent, at length nearly glabrous.—A vari-
able plant so far as the size of the leaves and amount of pubescence go.

3. V. Maingayi, Laws, ; flowers in long filiform simple or compound
Spikes, fruit 3 Bye ia glabrous girt below the middle. V. Sp.; Grif.,
N atul, iv. 499.

ENAssERIM, Helfer, at Mergui, Grifíth; Maracca, Maingay. | .

Leaves 4 —7 b rdi KON entire, coriaceous, with about 10 pairs of

nerves. Nut } in. diam., blackish, veined.

4 V. leiocarpa, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 77 ; flowers in small
lary clusters or cymes, the upper often forming leafless panicles, ro
Pabrous 11-91 in., mut girt round the middle, V. madraspatana, Benth.
ook, Kew Journ. iv. 42.
Binxa, Grifith ; "TEsAssnIM, Helfer; MALACOA, Maingay.—D1
Leaves ovate to oblong acuminate, crenate-serrate or entire, coriaceous,
about 6 pairs of costal nerves. Fruit $-} in. diam. bont 10 pai
PN ^R.; leaves larger ovate or elliptical obtuse, costal nerves abou pair —
iacta, Maingay ; Trop. Africa.— Without the fruit it is impossible to be certain that
18 not a distinct species.
5 V, bombaiensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 36 ; young

bran : tum, flowers fascicled in
ches and flowers covered with fulvous tomen edd, Je. Pi. Ind. On

vis of the leaves, Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb. FU. 48 ;

—Disrgms. Hongkong.
shining, with

t

X

632 XLII. RHAMNEx. ` (M. A. Lawson.) [ Ventilago.

The Coxcax ; at Chorla Ghat, Dalzel. . th
Leaves 3-5 by 2-1$ in., lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, crenate, glabrous, wit
about 8-4 pairs of costal nerves. Fruit ?—Mr. Bentham, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 77,
suggests that this may be only a side shoot of V. calyculata, but the shape of the leaves,
the number of the costal nerves, and Dalzel’s supposition that the fruit is larger than in

V. madraspatana, point to its being distinct.

2. SMYTHEA, Seeman.

Scandent shrubs. Flowers fascicled or solitary in the axils of the
leaves. Calyx 5-fid ; lobes spreading ; tube obconical. „Petals 5, cucullate,
broadly emarginate, 2-lobed. Stamens 5, not included in the folds of the
petals, filaments incurved. Disk 5-angled, flat. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2,
recurved. ruit a l-celled 1-seeded capsule, dehiscing down the middle,
compressed, not winged. Seed flat, large, exalbuminous.—DizsTRiB. Sp. 2,
one Malayan, the other Fijian,

1. S. calpicarpa, Kurz in Journ, As, Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301.

Texasserim, Helfer. .

Branches clothed with fulvous hairs. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in., elliptic-lanceolate,
sometimes shortly acuminate, crenate, slightly pilose on the nerves beneath otherwise
glabrous. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Fruit (immature) 14 by à in.,
oblong, coriaceous, covered with dense silky fulvous hairs.

3. ZIZYPHUS, Juss.

Trees or shrubs, often decumbent or sarmentose and frequently armed
with sharp, straight or hooked prickles (transformed stipules). Leaves su
bifarious, alternate, usually coriaceous. Flowers fascicled, or in sessile or
pedunculated cymes. alyx 5-fid, lobes spreading, keeled within;
tube broadly obconical. Petals 5, rarely 0, cucullate, deflexed. Disk 5-10-
lobed, flat or pitted, with a free margin. Stamens 5. Ovary su
in the disk and confluent with it at the base, 2-4-celled ; styles 2-4,
free, or more or less united, Fruit fleshy or dry, with a woody or bony
1-4-seeded 1-4-celled stone. Seed plano-convex, albumen 0, or very
scanty.—Disrris. Species about 50, found in tropical Asia and America,
and the temperate regions of both hemispheres,

* Flowers in sessile cymes or fascicled in the axils of the leaves,
1. Z. Jujuba, Lamk. Dict, ii. 318: usually armed, leaves 1-23 by

1-2 in. elliptic-ovate ovate or suborbicular dark green and glabrous above,
covered beneath with a dense woolly pale-coloured tomentum, fruit
3-4 in. diam. DO. Prodr. ii. 21; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 608 ; Wall. Cat. 4244;
W. & 4. Prodr. 162; Wight Ic. t. 99; Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 320, t. exl
(1834) ; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 49 ; Thwaites Enum. 74; Bedd. Fl, Sylvat. t.
exlix.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 13; Brandis For. Flor. 86, t. 17. Z. maurr
tiana, Herb. Ham. in Wall. Cat, 4245; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. Z. Sororia,
Schult. Syst. v. 337; DC. Prodr. ii. 21. "Z, trinervius, Roth Nov. Sp. 168,
excl. var. 8, Rhamnus Jujuba, Linn. FI. Zeyl. 36; Rheede Hort. Mal. W.t. 40.

Throughout Inpa, from the N.W., frontier, Sinpu, and base of the Hmaraya to
amen cad Kasio CA; Ne. and oki vel euidiraied e asap Affzhanistan,
Tropic: ca, the Malay Archi 0, China, Australia.

Á small tree 30-50 f. e s ciui d flowers covered with a dense hae
tomentum. Prickles solitary and straight, or geminate and then one shorter an
recurved. Cymes 3 in. long. Calyx glabrous within. Petals subspathulate, very yrs
cave, reflexed. Disk of 10 grooved lobes. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to the

Zizyphus.] XLII, RHAMNEZX. (M. A. Lawson.) 633

middle. Fruit globose, 2-celled, fleshy and mealy, glabrous.—There are many culti-
vated varieties, differing greatly in the shape and size of the leaves, as also in the size
and nature of the fruit, of which the most remarkable is Edgeworth's var. Hysudricus
(Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 201), with erect or spreading not drooping branches, obtuse ovate
oblong or orbicular leaves, glabrous or slightly tomentose beneath, and long petioles.

1s, according to Aitchison, is always raised by grafts. Two other varieties are de-
scribed by Edgeworth—viz., hortensis and spontaneus.

2. Z. glabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 159; unarmed, leaves 1-3
belt in. elliptic glabrous on both sides, fruit under } in. in diameter.
- € A, Prodr. 162; Wight Ic. t. 282; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxviii.
Z. trinervius, var. B, Roth. Nov. Sp. 159. Z. trinervia, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i.
606, not Poir. ; Wall. Cat. 4221.
gor Bencar and Buoran, Griffith; Western Pexmsora, Nilghiri Mts.,

1ghi, &c.

í tree. Leaves obtusely serrate, coriaceous, glossy, dark-green, with 3 unbranched
Prominent nerves. Flowers slightly puberulous, yellowish ; cymes 4 in. long. Petals
obtriangular with convolute margins. Disk faintly 10-lobed, not pitted or grooved,

‘abrous. Ovary 2-celled; styles.2, united to the middle. Fruit globose, yellow ?
With a sweet gelatinous pulp, 1-2-celled.—In some few cases the cymes are shortly
Pedunculate.

_ 3. Z.nummularia, W. £ A. Prodr. 162; profusely armed, leaves }-1 in.
ovate to orbicular covered with a short velvety tomentum on both sides,
fruit $in. diam. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal.
Gen. lxix. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii.13; Brandis For, Fl, 88. Z. Lotus, Lamk. ;
Attch. Cat. 33. Z. microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 613; Wall. Cat. 4232.
Z. Totundifolia, Lamk, Dict. iii. 319 ; DC. Prodr. ii. 21, amnus nummu-

na, Burm. Fl. Ind. 61.

The PAxjAs, ascending to 3000 ft. ; Goozerat, and the Western PENINSULA, from

Deccan and Concan southwards,—Disrais. Persia.

L shrub, with widely-divaricating flexuous branches ; young branches puberulous.

aves serrate, dark-green and velvety above, pale and more felted beneath, Cymes
Wider 4 in. Petals obovate with convolute margins, Disk 10-lobed with a pit oppo-
Site each lobe. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united to above the middle. Fruit globose,
Woody, black, 2-celled.—Much used for fencing, and the sweet subacid fruit as food,
“specially in famine time, I follow Wight and Arnott in adopting Burmann's specific
Rame ; though perhaps Lamarck’s should be adopted,

4 Z. wynadensis, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 23. t. exiv.; unarmed,

leaves 13 2 by š in. elliptic-lanceolate glabrous and shining above .

` 9 4
slightly hairy on the nerves beneath.

Western PENINSULA ; dense forests of the Wynaad, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome.

A lofty tree, the young shoots and flowers covered with a fulvous tomentum. Leaves

ely reticulated beneath, penninerved, with hairy glands in the axils of the main
nerves. Flowers fascicled, forming dense axillary clusters. Petals 3-lobed with con-
volute margins. Disk hairy, 5-angled, not pitted. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, divided

to nearly the base. Fruit

5 Z. vulgaris, Lamk. Dict. iii. 316; armed, leaves ł-2} in. sub-
obliquely orate obtuse or subacute crenate-serrate glabrous on both sides,
it $in.in diam. Rowxb. Fl, Ind. i. 609; Sibth. FL Grec. i. 159, t. 241 ;
Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii, 12. Z. flexuosa, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii.
365; ar 4299, y, nitida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 609. Z, sativa, Gaertn. Fruct. i.
? Z. sinensis, Lamk. Dict. iii. 317.

ANJAB, extending to the Western frontier; the PANJAB HIMALAYA, Falconer, &o.;
ding to 6500 ft. ; wild and cultivated, extending to Bengal,—Disrai. Beluchistan,

° China, Japan, S. Europe.

PW g

634 XLIT, RHAMNEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Zizyphus.

A shrub or small tree, with rigid spreading boughs and stiff branches, which are
often unarmed, the whole plant quite glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the puc
one often over 1 in. long, stout. Flowers few, fascicled in the axils of the ie" *
Petals cucullate. Disk thin, obscurely 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2 Pu b
ihe middle. Fruit globose or oblong, succulent, red or black, shining.—Z. nitida, NOXD.,
of China, is said to have a yellow fruit.

6. Z. oxyphylla, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43 ; armed, pris
1-2 in. obliquely ovate acute or subacuminate glabrous on both "LT
fruit elliptic š in. long. Brandis For. Fl. 85. Z. acuminata, Royle
168 (name only). : :ng to

Hazanan, Falconer ; Temperate HIMALAYA, in Sirmor and Garwhal, ascending
6000 ft., Falconer, Edgeworth, &c. . lant qui

A shrub or small tree, 25-30 ft., resembling Z. vulgaris in habit; whole p nor
glabrous. Prickles usually geminate, the straight one 4 in. long, slender. d disk
finely crenate-serrate. Flowers fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals i d
asin Z. vulgaris. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, subfleshy, black, very acid; stone tht
crustaceous, flattened.

7. Z, Œnoplia, Hill. Gard. Dict. No. 3; armed, leaves 1-2] by £1
very obliquely ovate-lanceolate acute with a short soft pubescence à "Prodr ii
long silky appressed fulvous hairs beneath, fruit 4 in. diam. DC. K Ç
21; Roxb. Jl. Ind. i. 611; Wall. Cat. 4246; Don Prodr. 190; W. f yr
Prodr. 163; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 49; Thwaites Enum. 74; 5 Tni. i
Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxix. ; Brandis For. Fl. 86. Z. albens, Row. Fl. Tret
607. Z. celtidifolia, DC. Prodr. ii, 20. Z. ferruginea, Heyne pig

Cat. 4246 B, in part. Z. Napeca, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 612, not ;
Nov. Sp. 159. A allens, all. Cat. 4947 4. Z. pedicellata, Wali a
4243. Z. rufula, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.i. 643. Z. scandens, Roxb.

Beng. 17; Wall. Cat, 7269. Rhamnus CEnoplia, Linn. Sp. Pl, 282.

to

Throughout the hotter parts of India, from the PANJAB and the N.Ws grey
Assam and southwards to CgEvrox and Matacca.—Disrers, Tropical
Australia. : oftener

A shrub with straggling often climbing branches, the young ones stre les solitary,
covered with a rust-coloured pubescence. Leaves crenate-serrate. Pr Petals ob-
very short, recurved. Cymes under Zin. long. Flowers glabrous within. dl i
triangular, cucullate. ary 2-celled; styles 2, united to above the mide’.
1- rarely 2-celled, black and š ining, globose or obovoid ; stone woody or v

** Flowers in pedunculate axillary cymes (see 2. glabrata).

8. Z. xylopyrus, Willd. Sp, Pl. 1104; armed or on ed: with 8

fruit 13-1 in. diam. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 611;
Prodr. ii, 21; W. £ A. Prodr. 162 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Boma di For
Thwaites Enum, 74; Bedd. FI. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxviii. ; Bran nea
Fl. 90. Z. Caracutta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 612; Wall, Cat. 4238. Z, cu S,
Wall. Cat. 7268. Z, elliptica, Rogb. Fl. Ind. i. 610. E
Schult, Syst. v. 338; DC. Prodr. ii, 21. Z. rumimata, Ham. rag
Cat. O96. Z. rotundifolia, Hot, Nov. Sp. 160. Rhamnus e
etz Obs. ii. 11. ANA,
Nortu-Wesr Ixpr, Royle, Edgeworth. Near, Wallich; BawDA, ee south
Oue, ascending to 2000 ft.; Besar, Western PENINSULA, from the
Mig oe Carvon, in hat dry places. deciduous Leaves slight
rge straggling shrub or small n arious, deciduous. i ne
clique Founded. on catenins z Vi e d Prickles. usually geminate, °

Zizyphus. | XLII. RHAMNES. (M. A. Lawson.) 635

straight the other recurved, glabrous. Oymes compact, 1-14 in. Flowers sometimes
‘merous. Calyx glabrous within. Petals subspathulate, very concave, reflexed. Disk
thin, 5-angled. Ovary 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled; styles usually 3, divided to near the
Fruit globose, 3- rarely 2- or 4-celled, very hard and woody and covered with a
dense almost felted grey or whitish tomentum.
AR. ; branches leaves and fruit. nearly glabrous, fruit oblong or round.— Perhaps the
- Caracutta of Roxburgh.

9. Z. Napeca, Willd. Sp. Pl. 1104; profusely armed, branches inflo-
rescence and petioles covered with spreading rusty hispid hairs, leaves
1-21 by 1-11 in. elliptic obtuse or very shortly cuspidate finely serrulate

k and glabrous on both surfaces, styles 2. Rhamnus Napeca, Linn. Sp.
194; Fl. Zeylan. 87.

Cerros, Herb. Linncus.

A straggling shrub. Leaves slightly oblique, rounded at the base, glabrous or when
young slightly hispid on the nerves beneath. Prickles solitary or geminate, stout, hairy,
dark, both recurved. Styles equalling the. ovary, arms recurved. Fruit ?—This, by
Uspection of the specimens preserved in Hermann’s Herbarium, I have determined to
le the true Z. Napeca of Linneus. No modern collector has sent it from Ceylon,

ence it may be suspected that the habitat is erroneous.

10. Z. lucida, Moon Cat. 17 ; armed, leaves 2-23 by $-1} in. ovate-lan-
tolate glabrous above hairy on the veins beneath, styles 3; in. divided to
the middle, fruit in. diam. lwaites Enum. 74.

Certon, Walker, Thwaites.

hte, Prickles solitary, very short, recurved. Flowers in pedunculated pos about
E Very hairy. Petals 44 in. deeply cuculate on a slender claw. k faintly
angled, not pitted. Fruit globose, black, smooth.—Very closely allied to Z. Napeca.

1. Z. Linneei, Laws.; armed, leaves 11-2 by 2-11 in. ovate glabrous
7x Shining, styles 4 exceedingly minute. Z. Napeca, Linn. Herb. not
- Hermann,
ton, Walker. i
a Prickly shrub. Branches round, glabrous, pale. Leaves nearly symmetrical, crenate
out the bristles and not apiculate, pale green. Prickles solitary, very short, re-
sarved, Cymes shortly-pedunculed, about 1 in., nearly glabrous. Flowers larger than
p4 lucida. Petals deeply cuculate, but on rather less slender claws. Disk faintly
p gled, not pitted. Fruit?—This is the Z. Napeca in the Linn. Herb., but not of
™ann’s herbarium.

12. z. incurva, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 614; armed, leaves 2-3} by 1-1} in.
sate or ovate-oblong acute or subacuminate glabrous, petals 5, ovary
piled, styles 2, fruit š in. long. DC. Prodr. ii. 20; Don Prodr. 189;

Vall, Cat, 4937.

aa AL, Wallich; Bnorax, Grifith; Western PrNiNsULA, Nilghiri Mts., Herb.
hacker. f | l
tree? Leaves crenate-serrate, membranous, turning black in d A TNE

lin Calyz hai i ithi beucullate

i æ h tsid labrous within. Petals subcucullate. Disk

Men us eppotite sach lobe. E Styles divided to the middle. Fruit ellipsoid, woody,
ll ; 2-seeded,

laz. a . l 91-4 by 1-1} in. obliquely-
* apetala, Hook. f.; armed, leaves 23-4 by
Mate acute or acuminate glabrous, petals 0. :

Himataya, J. D. B. ; :
E shrub ; Sinag e ded and flowers covered with ferruginous pubescence. Leaves

“Mate-serrate, membranous. Prickles recurved, very short and sharp, base broad.

636 XLII. RHAMNEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Zizyphus.

Cymes 14 in. ` Calyx hairy inside. Disk 5-lobed, corrugated, hairy. Ovary 2-celled;
styles 2, united to a little above the middle.

14, Z. horrida, Roth Nov. Sp.159; profusely. armed, leaves $14
by 3-1 in. suborbicular glabrous, petals 5, ovary 3-celled, styles 3 minute,
fruit $ in. diam. DC. Prodr. ii. 20; W. & A. Prodr. 1631

Western PENINsULA, Wight; the Concan, Stocks. + Ne at
A shrub with slender divaricating branches. Leaves coarsely serrate, especially .
the apex. Prickles geminate, very short, straight and recurved, the straight one š n.
long or more. Flowers in dense cymes 1 in. long. Calyx hairy outside, plane ii
side. Petals spathulate, concave. Disk 5-angled, not pitted. Styles divided to x y
the base. Fruit globose, woody, 3-celled, 3-seeded.—Although this description oes
not entirely agree with that of Roth, I do not know to what other species his descrip-
tion can apply. Z. Bhunder, Royle Jil. i. 168 (name only), is scarcely determina

but is apparently closely allied to this species.

*** Flowers in pedunculated cymes, which are disposed in leafless (rarely
leafly) simple or compound spikes,

15. Z. calophylla, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, n. 366 ; une,
leaves 4-5 by 2-21 in. elliptic-oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate ef in.
with 3 very prominent unbranched nerves glabrous, petals 5, ruit 28.
diam. Wall. Cat. 4230. Berchemia calophylia, G. Don Gen. Syst: D

Pexanc, Wallich; Maracca, Griffith, Maingay.—YVsrRis. Borneo. i

A. shrub, with climbing branches EA black bark; wholly glabrous with the yg
of the flowers and fruit. Leaves coriaceous. Prickles solitary, recurved, short,
base broad. : Cymes usually disposed in terminal thyrsoid panicles. Calyz p rous.
side, glabrous within. Petals ovate, concave. Disk 5-angled, not pitted, 8 light
Ovary 2-celled, puberulous; styles 2. Fruit globose, woody, covered wih? 73)
brown pubescence, at length glabrous.—Kurz (in Journ. As, Soc. Beng 1879, 1
identifies with this species Z. ornata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 642.

1-5
16, Z. funieulosa, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4234; armed, leaves ©
by 2-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong obtusely acuminate with 3 very i ahe Wall.
vabranched nerves, petals 5, fruit obovoid š in. long. 1 Z. ven om

. VA N . .
7 EASTERN yo the Kuasia Mrs., and Sumer, Wallich, &c. 1 ous inp:
ENASSERIM, Helfer; Matacca, Maingay.—DisrRIB. ? Borneo. imbing
A shrub?; young branches and flowers puberulous ; branches long slender oiri

Leaves crenate. Prickles short, stout, recurved, quite glabrous. Cymer tted,
leafless rarely leafy panicles. Petals cucullate. Disk faintly 10-lobed, ai i 1-seeded,
brous. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, divided to nearly the base. Fruit 1-ce T, above.
fleshy, glabrous.—Z. venulosa, Wall. Cat. 4235, may be a more slender form o

. A. Z. rugosa, Lamk, Dict. iii. 319; armed, leaves 3k dé sie
tic glabrous above young tomentosely pubescent beneath, Prodr. i.
nearly glabrous, petals 0, fruit }+ in. obovoid or globose. Pee Fl. 9)
20; W. £ A. Prodr. 162; Wight Ic. 339; Dalz. d: Gibs. B all
ghwaites Emm, ite Brandis For. Fl, 89.1 Z. Bormay EG

. 4240 p. Z. glabra, Roxb. Fl. Ind, i. 614; Wall. Cat. 4242. ign
Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 607 ; Wall. Cat. 4240; DC. Prodr. ii. 50 Z oh Js
Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp, 161; DC. Prodr. ii. 20. Z. paniculata, Rosh. f.
Sp. 160; Wall. Cat. 4241. DC. Prodr, ii. 20. 1Z. tomentoss, 2
Ind, i. 611. Rhamnus glabratus, Herb, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 7479.

Tropica HnraLAya, in Kumaon and: Sikkim. Benar, J. D. B. south
Suet, Wallich, &c. Biema, Grifith. Westers PexiNSULA, from the od
wards; Cxvros, common up to 2000 ft. i MES Prickles

A straggling evergreen large shrub, or small tree, often climbing

,

i
the

Zizyphus. | XLII, RHAMNEJE. (M. A. Lawson.) 637

solitary, recurved, short, base broad. Flowers densely pubescent, in long pedunculated
cymes, forming on the usually leafless branches long terminal panicles. alyx puberu-
lous inside. Disk 5-lobed, hairy. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, united below the middle.
Fruit fleshy, with a 1-celled, 1-seeded, very thin crustaceous stone.—Dalzel and Gibson
ak of the fruit as being very palatable, and affording great support to the inhabitants
the Ghauts from March to the middle of May. Brandis calls it mawkish and
wo Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 73, identifies Z. Horsfieldii, Mia.

- Ind, Bat. i. 643, with Z. glabra, Hoxb., but that species is closely allied to Z.
Napeca, Z., if not a variety of it.

18. Z. ? elegans, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 366; Cat. 4233 ;
An erect nearly unarmed shrub, branches filiform pubescent, leaves 14
Lt in, obliquely-ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate finely crenate quite

Tous with 3 prominent unbranched nerves,

Sincarore, Wallich.

e flowers and fruit are not known.

UNDETERMINABLE AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Z. BAENCHTA, Wall. Cat. 4249, from Monghir, and Z. eLoBULARIS, 4248, from Birma

are undeterminable.
- Buunner, Royle Ill. i. 168, name only is undetermined.

Z. Lotus, Lamk.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 610, is a bush allied to Z. nummularia, a na-
tive of S. Europe, N. Africa, and Arabia.

Z. Nrripa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 609, is a native of China,

Z. SPrNA-cuRISTI, L., is a tree cultivated in gardens in N.W. India, allied to Z.
“wuba, it is a native of W. Asia and Egypt.

4. BERCHEMITA, Neck.

` Shrubs with armed often scandent branches. Leaves alternate, penni-
herved ; nerves straight, parallel. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous,
Tascicled, fascicles disposed in axillary spikes or panicles, or in the axils of
e leaves, or clustered at the ends of the branches. Calyx 5- rarely 6-fid ;
be hemispherical orturbinate. Petals 5, rarely 6, obovate or cucullate.
Disk lining the calyx-tube, margins free. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free
from it, 2-celled, narrowed into the bifid style. Frut a hard or fleshy
TM girt at the base with the calyx-tube ; stone crustaceous or woody,
*celled, 2-seeded. Seed linear-oblong, albumen fleshy.—DisrRIB. Species
ut 10, scattered through the tropics of Asia, Africa, and America.

l. B. floribunda, Wall. Cat. 4256; leaves 2-4 in. ovate acute,
petiole #1 in., panicles very large terminal. Brandis For. Fl. 91. B.
Ge Wall. Cat, 4257, Zizyphus floribunda, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed.

rey, ii. 368. .

Tropica, H ALAYA, from the Jhelum to Sikkim; Eastern Desear and Kuasta
ae r climbing shrub or small tree. Branches glabrous, glaucous when
Young. Stipules 2-fid. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate, about 6 in a fascicle.

J 5-fid ; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute. Petals 5, s athulate. Fruit $ in. long,

ple, cylindric.—Very closely allied to if not identical with B. racemosa, Sieb., of

a and Japan (Brandis). i
2. B. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4955; leaves 2-3 in. ovate-oblong

Aute cus id i to 1 in, flowers in short terminal racemes or
Panicles Pert es tu Zizyphus flavescens, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind.

ed. Carey, ii. 367,

638 XLII. RHAMNEÆ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Berchemia.

Temperate HIMALAYA; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 7-10,000 ft, J. D. H.

A climbing shrub; young branches with black spreading deciduous hairs. Pedicels
4-4 in. long, often arcuate. Calyx 5-fid; lobes triangular, acute. Petals 5, oblong.
Stamens 5. Fruit 4 in. long.

3. B. polyphylla, Wall. Cat. 4259; leaves 1-1} in. ovate obtuse,
petiole in., flowers in axillary racemes.

BigMA ; at Taong Dong, Wallich. , ;

An erect? shrub; young branches, rachis, and petioles puberulous. Pedicels š-3 m.
long, straight. Calyx 5-fid, lobes triangular, acute. Petals 5, almost orbicular. Stamens 5.
Fruit 4 in. long. —Closely allied to B. flavescens.

4. B. lineata, DC. Prodr. ii. 23; leaves 1-1in. ovate or suborbicular
subsessile, stipules very small setaceous, flowers 2-3 together fascicled 1n
the axils of the leaves or clustered at the ends of the branches. /100
Arn. Bot, Beech, 177, t. xxxvii; Brandis For. Flor. 91. 1B. Poiretiana,
DC. Prodr. ii. 23. Rhamnus lineatus, Linn. Amen. iv. 308.

Norra West HIMALAYA, from the Indus eastwards; Khazan Valley, alt. 4-7000 ft.
Stewart; Sikkim, alt. 10,000 ft., J. D. H—Duisrri. China.

A diffuse shrub, with subvoluble branches, puberulous when young. Flowers e
slender pedicels 1-8 in. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes linear-subulate, many times longer
than the tube. Petals linear-lanceolate. Fruit ovoid, £ in. long, succulent, blue.

5. B. Edgeworthii, Laws, ; leaves 2-1 in. subelliptic, petiole rm
istipules + in. long ovate-lanceolate scarious, flowers about 2 together in
axils of the leaves.

WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeworth. E

An erect? shrub, with glabrous branches. Flowers on short pedicels, t 6.
almost hidden by the stipules, Calyx 6-fid. Petals 6, very broadly-ovate. ee
Fruit 8 in. long, surrounded at the base by the persistent entire calyx.—An0
once by its conspicuous stipules and 6-merous flowers. ;

5. RHAMNUS, L.

Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers fascicled P
the axils of the leaves or disposed in simple or compound rH bes
hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 4-5-fid; tube urceolate 5 thin,
keeled within. Petals 4-5 or 0, cucullate or flat. Stamens 4-5. D _4A-cleft
lining the calyx-tube. Ovary free, 3-4-celled, narrowed into eis di
style., Fruit a berry-like drupe, girt at the base by the small ut vies
2-4-celled, 2-4-seeded, obscure y dehiscent or indehiscent. Seed tef an
albumen fleshy.—DisTRIn. Species about 60, scattered over the ho
temperate regions of both hemispheres,

* Flowers 4-merous.

. unarmed,
l E. Arnottianus, Garda in Thwaites Enum. 74;
petals 0.
CEYLoN ; in the most elevated parts of the Central province. _3 by 3-1 1 in,

A small glabrous tree; young branches puberulous. Leaves 1j icled in
ovate-lanceolate, acute or Subacsminate, closely serrate. Flowers 2-4, iem
the axils of the leaves, Fruit on pedicels 3-1 in. long, the size d.a pv
reddish-black.— The whole plant turns blackish in drying.

2. R. persicus, Boiss, Fl. Orient. ii. 17; armed, leaves
‘beneath, petals 4. Brandis For. Flor. 93. eastwards t

Suman and SALT ranges; Temperate HiwALAYA, from the Jhelum Beluchist™®
MM, alt. 2-5000 ft.; Westeren Twer, alt. 9-14,000 ft. —Dist

tomentose

Thamnus.] XLII. RHAMNEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 639

A shrub, 6-8 ft., or small tree, 20 ft., with coarse spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves
fascicled at the ends of the congested branchlets, 3-2 in., oblong or elliptic-lanceolate
or obovate, acute or rounded at the a ex, minutely tomentose beneath, entire or faintly
serrate. Flowers few, shortly pedicellate, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals
spathulate. Ovary 3-4-celled. Fruit & in. long, obovoid-globose, 2-4-celled, 1 or 2
of the cells often abortive.— Boissier mentions only the small obovate-leaved plants, but
m many specimens the large and small leaves occur together.

3. R. dahuricus, Pall. Fl. Ross. ii. t. 61; armed, leaves glabrous,
petals 4. DC. Prodr. ii.25. R. globosus, Bunge Enum. Chin. 14. R. parvi-
olius, T'urcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1857, ii. 150. R. polymorphus, Turce. Fl. Baik.
Dahur. i, 969. R. virgatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 604; Don Prodr. 190 ; Brand.
For. Flor. 92; var. sylvestris, Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersb. x. 11,13,

The Pangan, at Peshawur, Stewart; TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Jamu and Simla,
to Bhotan, alt. 4-9500 ft.; WEsTERN PENINSULA, in theGhats.— Drsrnip. China, Japan.

À tree, 15-20 ft., or shrub, usually much branched, very variable in habit and shape
of the leaves. Branches divaricating, the spines terminating the branches and so
often appearing in the forks. Leaves fascicled at the ends of the exceedingly congested
branchlets, 2-2 in., obovate, acuminate, to narrow elliptical-lanceolate, slightly pubes-
cent beneath when young. Flowers numerous, fascicled in the axils of the leaves,

etals spathulate. Fruit obovate-obicular, + in. long.—Closely allied to the European
R. catharticus. It seems hardly possible to define even as varieties the numerous forms
that have been proposed as species. R. virgatus, var. aprica, Maz. in Mem. Acad.
Be. Petersb., is a dwarf form with scrubby squamose branches and very small

aves,

Var. hirsutus ; a large shrub or small tree, leaves 2 in. R. hirsutus, W. & A.

r. 165; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxx. t. x. f. vi.—Western Peninsula.

** Unarmed. Flowers 5-merous.
4 R. Wightii, W. £ A. Prodr. 164; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in.

Cat, 4264, f
Western PENINSULA ; from the highest hills of the Concan southwards to the Nil.
Shiris, Cryton ; in the elevated parts of the Central province. on
A large glabrous shrub, the younger parts drying black. Leaves elliptic or narrowly-
elliptic, shortly acuminate, closely serrate, subcoriaceous. Pedicels much shorter than
the petiole. Petals cuneate-obovate, with a short apiculus, flat. Styles 3-4, diverging.

5. R. purpureus, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44; leaves 3-5
by 1-2 in. glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 0. m For. Flor. 91.

Western Himataya; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 4500—10,000 ft.

A middle-sized unarmed tree. Branches purplish, with white spots; the young
leaves pubescent beneath, otherwise glabrous. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, closely
and finely serrate, membranous. Flowers 2-3; pedicels 4 in., nearly as long as the
Petiole. ` Fruit on pedicels 4 in., the size of a pea, subglobose, bitter and purgative.

6. E. triq ZL in Roxb. Fl, Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 376 (under
Ceanothus) ; Got, 4965 eres 36 by 1-2} in, pubescent eneath, fascicles

f flowers di i Brand. For. 92.
isposed in racemes.— D rand. Lor, £t.
Pangan, in the Salt range; WESTERN HIMALAYA, from the Jhelum, alt. 3-4000 ft.,

Stewart . ft.

S shrub, the yanna tranches pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
acute or Subacuminate, closely serrate, the old leaves pubescent on the nerves only.
Flowers shortly pedicellate, fascicled on the leafless, (very ral. leafy) rene! es, pu-
W ous. Petals broadly obovate, emarginate. Fruit 4 in., spree , 9-lobe re l ough

ich says of this species that the fruit is acutely 3-cornered, I do not find i

Case in any of his specimens.

640 XLII RHAMNEE. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Rhamnus,

7. R. nipalensis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, i, 375 (Coanotns)
Cat. 4263; leaves 3-6 by 13-2in. glabrous fascicles of flowers dispo
jn simple or compound racemes, petals 5.

CENTRAL and Eastern Himanaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft,
J. D. H.; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3—4000 ft., and Assam; Birma? Griffith.

A suberect or rambling shrub, with long slender glabrous branches, or pubescent only
on the younger parts. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, shortly acuminate, serrate,
membranous or subcoriaceous, dark-green and shining above. Flowers shortly pedicel-
late, small, green, pubescent. Petals oblong, concave. Fruit } in. broadly obovate,
blackish-red.

8. R. procumbens, Zdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 43; leaves 5-1 iN,
petals 0. R. rupestris, Royle JU. 169 (name only).

Wesrern HiMALAYA, from Simla to Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Edgeworth, &c.

A small shrub with prostrate branches, the younger ones pubescent. Leaves lanceo-
late, acute or subacuminate, coriaceous, serrulate, very shortly petiolate. lowers 1-2,
in the axils of the leaves, pedicellate, Fruit fleshy.

6. HOVENIA, Thunb.

A small unarmed tree. Leaves alternate, subbifarious. „Flowers m
pedunculated, dichotomous, many-flowered, axillary and terminal cymes.
Calyx 5-fid; tube broadly obconical. Petals 5, inserted below the Evi
clawed, cucullate. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals. š
lining the calyx-tube, the margin free and hairy. Ovary conical, sunk in
disk, 3-celled ; style 3-cleft, branches straight, erect, ruit with archin
thickened pedicels, the size of a pea, indehiscent, obscurely 3-lobed,
3-celled, 3-seeded, the outer covering coriaceous and separating from tne
inner membranous endocarp.

1, Æ. dulcis, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 101; Lamk. IU. t. 131 ; Sieb. Fi. Jap.
t. 73 & 74; Bot. Mag. t. 2360; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 630; Wall. Cat. 42745
DC. Prodr. ii. 40; Brandis For. Flor. 94; Don Prodr. 189. H. acero
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 501; DU. Prodr. ii. 40. H. inzqualis, D
Prodr. ii. 40, :

SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA ; alt. 3-6500 ft., from Chamba and Hazara to Bhotan, bat
often cultivated.—Drsrrie. China and Japan. . "

A tree 30 ft.; trunk straight; head broad, rounded. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in, ove »
acuminate, deeply and sharply serrate or nearly entire, membranous, glabrous or mo
rarely pubescent, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately branched.— Extensive Y

cultivated in China and Japan for its sweet fleshy peduncles, which taste like a Ber-
gamot pear.

7. SCUTIA, Comm.

Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite or subopposite, penninerved, 00
riaceous. Flowers in axilla fascicles or subuinbellate. Calyx or
tube hemispherical or turbinate. Petals 5, clawed, emarginate, the
or hooded. Disk filing the calyx-tube.. Stamens 5, equalling
petals. Ovary sunk in the disk, 2—4-celled, narrowed into a shor allt
cleft style. Fruit broadly obovoid or subglobose, dry or su J gh
surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, 9—4-celled, de
seeded.—DisTrip. Species 8; natives of Asia, Africa, and trop
America, 165;

S. indica, Brongn. in Ann, Sc. Nat. x. 363; W. & A. Prodr. 75;
Wight Ill. i t. 73; Dale. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50; Thwaites rio Se
Bedd, Fl. Sylv. Amal. Gen. \xx. S. Commersoni, Brongn. "Rh :
Wat. ‘Ser.1, x. 363. B. lucida, G. Don Gen, Syst. ii. 33. S. Rheediant,

Beutia.] XLII, RHAMNER. (M. A. Lawson.) 641

Wight Ic. t. 1071. Catha zeylanica, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 10. Ceanothus
circumscissa, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. t. 106; Wall. Cat. 4266; DC. Prodr. ii.
30. C. zeylanica, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp, 153; Wall. Cat. 4267 ;
DC. Prodr. ii 30. ` Celastrus zeylanica, Roth in Rem. & Schult.
Syst. v. 427; Nov. Sp. 398; DC. Prodr.ii. 9. Rhamnus circumscissus,

nn. f. Suppl. 152; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 603. R. lucidus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 605.

myrtinus, Burm. Fl. Ind. 60.—Rubiacea, Wall. Cat, 8300. Rhamnea ?
lucida, Wall, Cat. 4250,

Bresa, Wallich; WEsrERN PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards; CEvrow, in
the hot dry parts of the plains—Disrrie. Mauritius, Roxb.
ranches straggling, armed with subopposite recurved prickles, more rarely un-
amed. Leaves 2-14 in. long, orbicular or obovate entire, or crenate.

8. SAGERETIA, Brongn.

Unarmed or spinous shrubs, with slender subscandent or rigid opposite
or subopposite branches. Leaves subopposite, enninerved, nerves arched.
Owers very small, sessile on the terminal leafless paniculate branches.
"yz 5-fid; tube hemispherical ; lobes acute, keeled within. Petals 5,
Wed, hooded. Stamens 5, equalling the petals. Disk cup-shaped, lining

e calyx-tube, margin free 5-lobed. Ovary sunk in the disk, but free

it, 3-celled ; style short, 3-grooved, stigmas 3 capitate. Fruit globose,

elled, 3-seeded, coriaceous, indehiscent.—DISTRIB. Species about 11;
latives of Central and Eastern Asia, Java, and the hotter parts of North

erica,

l. S. hamosa, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360; leaves 4-5
by 2 in. elli tic-oblong shortly acuminate serrate glabrous on both sur-
faces, Berchemia ? hamosa,. Wall. Cat. 4253. Zizyphus hamosa, Wall. in
Borb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 369.

Nipar, Wallich; Westers PENINSULA; Pulney Mts., Waght.—LDisrRi8. Formosa.

arge shrub,with long straggling glabrous branches, unarmed or with very stout short

*Xed spines. Flowers puberulous, in terminal and axillary panicles not longer than

Caves, Fruit?

2 S. oppositifolia, Brongn. in Ann. Nat. Sc. ser, 1, x. 360; leaves
24 in. ovate lanceolate acute or subacuminate glabrous and dark green
above covered beneath when young with a dense woolly tomentum,
Brand, For. Fl. 95. Sageretia filiformis, G. Don Gen. Syst. H. 29.
Berchemia? o positifolia, Wall. Cat. 4254. bi parviflora, Wall. Cat. 4258,
Rhamnus fililormis Roth Nov. Sp. 153. R. parviflorus, Klein in Roem.
Schult. Syst. v. 295- DC. Prodr. ii. 98 R. rigynus, Don Prodr. 190.
lizyphus oppositifolia, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 370.

NW. Ispra and SuprroricaL HIMALAYA ; from Peshawur and Rajaori i eastward to
Ja » alt. 2-5000 ft.; Wesrern PrxiNsULA, from the Concan southwards.—Distnis,
va,

A shrub or ith long slender subsarmentose spinous branches, tomentose `
hen young. ANUS pairs of nerves; petiole 4 in. Flowers in large terminal
Maicles, p. ruit turbinate, 4 in. long, black, succulent, sweetish.

è S. theez ; Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 360; leaves 11-2in.
. ans, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. A

or elliptic minutely serrato dark green and glabrous above pubescent

pien young beneath. Brandis For. . 95, Sageretia, Wall. Cat. 9010.

Rham :
You. theezans, Zinn. Mant. 207. TT

642 XLII. RHAMNEH. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Sageretia.

The Sart and Surman RANGES, alt. 2-8000 ft, Fleming; Hazara, Se:
Western HiMALAYA, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Kashmir to Simla.—Disrnrs. Beluchistan,
China. f .

A sarmentose spinous shrub with long slender branches. Flowers in long dogs
interrupted spikes. Spines and flower branches squarrose, or at the ends of the Pen a
branches, Fruit the size of a pea, globose, succulent, irregularly rugose, dark bro 2
The fruit is sweet to the taste and extensively eaten, the leaves are used as a 8
stitute for tea. d "

Van. diospiryfolia; a scrubby shrub not sarmentose, leaves shorter at prota
flower-spikes shorter. S. theezans, Brand. For. Fl. 95. Rhamnea? diosp, "
Wall. Cat. 4251.—Ava, Wallich.

4. S. Brandrethiana, Aittch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 62; kos
ł-1 in. elliptic crenate or nearly entire glabrous above covered ar a dense
white woolly tomentum beneath 4-8-nerved very shortly petioled. Bows.
Orient. ii. 22 ; Brand. For. FI. i. 95. s Ka

Norru Western Innia ; the Salt Range, Jhelum and Peshawur, Fleming, &t-
Distre. Westward to Persia and Arabia. :n terminal

A scrubby shrub, with numerous spinose pubescent branches. Flowers in Chak
and axillary panicles. Fruit the size of a small pea, ovoid, 3-lobed, succulent, .

with raised longitudinal lines.—The fruit is sweet and much eaten by the Afighans.
Brandis. ⁄

S. conyuposa, G. Don Gen. Syst. ii. 29, is a West Indian species incorrectly stated
by Don to be East Indian.

9. COLUBRINA, Rich.

Erect shrubs, - Leaves alternate, Flowers in very short mney Gy s
Calyx 5-fid; tube hemispherical. Petals 5, clawed, springing “tube.
margin of the disk, hooded. Stamens 5. Disk fleshy, filling the alya deh;
Ovary sunk in the disk and confluent with it, 3-celled ; style low Š
stigmas reflexed. Fruit the size of a pea, subglobose, surrounded below
middle by the remains of the calyx-tube, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded,
dehiscent.—DisTkrB, Species 10, chiefly tropical American.

lant
1. €. asiatica, Brongn. in Anm. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, x. 369; whole PA?
quite glabrous, leaves 11-2 in. by 3-12 in. acuminate. W. £ A. Prodr. 16 ,
ight TU. i. t. 74; Dalz. e Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 50 ; Thwaites Enum. 193 "eg
Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixix. O, javanica, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. pt. + Fi.
Ceanothus asiaticus, Zamk. TI. t. 199, f. 2; DC. Prodr. ii. 30; "y 'DG.
Ind. i. 615; Wall. Cat. 4262. C, capsularis, Forst, Prodr. 18i ium
Prodr. ii. 32. Pomaderris capsularis, G. Don Gen. Syst. N. 257
Zeylan. t. 48. Rhamnus acuminata, Colebr, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 619. ards.
Eastern and Western PENINSULAS: from the Concan and Tenasserim rr
CEvLos, north end of the Island.—DisrRis. J ava, Borneo, Australia, S.W. iar mem-
Unarmed. Leaves 2 by 1 in., ovate, subacuminate, crenate-serrate, E in

_1 jn. long.
branous, 3-nerved at the base, the midrib pinnately brauched. Cymes 1 jm
- Flowers yellowish-green, ,

" ; ches
2. C. pubescens, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 301 5 irs
and flowers hispidly-pubescent, leaves 11-23 by 2-1 in.
Prev, Kurz . : Petals
Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, hispidly-pubescent on both sides.
nearly sessile, broadly oval, emarginate, very concave. Fruit?

Oolubrina, | XLII. RHAMNEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) 643

3. C. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t, 188: young branches
covered with a dark rust-coloured pubescence, leaves 3-5 by 13-13 in,

Western PzxiNsULA ; Quilon, Wight; S. Travancor, Beddome.

Leaves oblong shortly and suddenly acuminate, glabrous above, slightly pubescent
on the nerves beneath. Flowers } in. across. Pedicels puberulous. Calyx-tube with a
few hispid hairs, otherwise glabrous. Petals clawed, spathulate, acute.

10. APTERON, Kurz.

A scandent shrub. Leaves penninerved. Flowers small, fascicled, dis-

In panicled racemes. Calyx 5-fid, tube shortly obconic; lobes

p g, acute. Petals 5, obovate, minute, inserted between the calyx-

lobes. Stamens 5, a little longer than the petals, filaments filiform. Dist

» free, Ovary subglobose, immersed in the disk, 2-celled; style very

short, stigmas 2. Drupe ? globose, adnate to the calyx-tube as in Gowania,
and crowned by the calyx-limb, 1-celled by arrest, 1-seeded ?

l. A, lanceolatum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1872, ii. 301.

TexAssRIM, Kurz.

A large scandent shortly-tomentose ‘shrub. Leaves 4-5 in., lanceolate, with a long
phat obtuse point, serrate, chartaceous with a falvous pubescence on the nerves, at
gth glabrous, lateral nerves numerous (7-9) prominent and reaching to the margin.
an hoary or yellowishly tomentose. Flowers small ; pedicels yy m. slender or
mbfleshy, puberulous, fascicled or sub-solitary. Calyx à-j in. diam., puberulous.
4 pubescent ; style shortly bifid. Fruit?—Kurz speaks of the immature fruit as
being globose, and the size of a peppercorn. I have seen no specimen.

1l. GOUANIA, Linn,

Unarmed climbing shrubs. eaves alternate. Flowers polygamous, in
Ty or terminal spikes; rachis often cirrhose. Calyx superior, 5-fid ;
tube Short, obconic. Petals 5, inserted below the margin of the disk,

| ed. Stamens 5, enfolded by the petals, Disk filling the calyx-tube,

angled or stellate. Ovary sunk in the disk, 3-celled ; style 3-cleft.

Pruit inferior, coriaceous, crowned by the persistent limb of the calyx,

twinged, — DrsrRIB. Species 30, chiefly’ American, a few are African and

Asiatic, and one belongs to the Pacific Islands.

l. G@. microc ii. 40 ; flowers sessile densely pubescent
ihe arpa, DC. Prodr. ii. owe
fik glabrous 5-lobed, ‘style-arms glabrous minute. W. & A. Prodr. 167;
a Cat. 4971 ; Thwaites Enum. 75. G. integrifolia, Kurz in Journ. As.

` Beng. 1871, pt. ii. 49. G. tiliæfolia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4271.
irf, So PrENiNsULA; from the Concan southwards, Peau, Kurz. MALACCA,

c. CEYL ding to 2000 ft. —DisrTRIB. Java. ; D.
oung branches and racemes pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by ł}-14 in., ovate or elliptic,
erp Ag acuminate, orbicular or subcordate at the base, entire or very faintly —
» glabrous, Calyx densely hairy outside, glabrous within. Petals obovate-oblong,
d, concave, margins involute. Disk-lobes faintly emarginate, or truncate. Fruit
J Winged, pubescent, at length glabrous.

2G le ii. 40; flowers shortly pedicelled
` leptostachya, DC. Prodr. ii. 40; 1i °

Tous, di -lobed, lobes oblong faintly emarginate, style-

yes elongate Vieh Cor. PL'i t 98 (mot Lamk); Wall, Cat, 4270;

` € 4. Prodr. 166 ; Dalz, d Gibs. Bomb. FI. 50. as

644 XLII, RHAMNEEX, (M. A. Lawson.) [ Gouania.

TroricaL HrwALAYA, from Kumaon to Assam and the Khasia Mts., ascending to
4000 ft.; BANDA, BIRMA, Tenasserim, and the MALAY PENINSULA.—DisTRIP. Java,
Philippines.

Branches glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 13-2 in., ovate, acuminate, subcordate at the
base, serrulate. Racemes slightly puberulous; bracteoles conspicuous, subulate. Calyx

labrous or with a very few scatttered hairs on the outside. Petals hooded. Styles 3 the
ength of the calyx-segments. Fruit glabrous.

3. G. napalensis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 417; Cat.
4272; flowers pubescent, disk glabrous the lobes linear acuminate, style-
arms much elongated,

Nipat, Wallich. Smxxm, Griff.

jf. .
Leaves longer and the flowers a little larger than in the last species, and the styles
twice as long. l ;

12, HELINUS, E. Meyer.

Unarmed scandent cirrhose shrubs, with slender angular branches. Leaves
alternate, entire. Flowers umbellate, on long slender peduncles. Calyz
superior, tube broadly obconic. Petals 5, inserted upon the margin 0 the
disk, hooded. Stamens 5, equalling the petals. Disk epigynous, filling the
calyx-tube. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, 3-cleft, stigmas recurved. , rui
inferior, obovoid-globose, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded, coriaceous, tardily de-
hiscing.—DisrRIB. Species 3, two African, and one North Indian.

í
1. H. lanceolatus, Brand. For. Fl. 574. Gouania lanceolata, Wall.
Cat. 4273.
ides upas Ovpz, and the Western HiwArAYA from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt,
The whole plant quite glabrous, or the youngest parts of the shoots and flowers
pubescent, Leaves 1-13 by 4-3 in., ovate to ovate-lanceolate. '

Orver XLII. AMPELIDEZE. (By M. A. Lawson, F.L.S.)

Small trees or shrubs, usually climbing by means of tendrils, more rarely
cant (sometimes herbaceous in Zeca); juice copious, watery. l

angled compressed or cylindric, with numerous very large proper Marx
Leaves alternate, usually petioled, simple or digitately or pedately 3-9-folio
late, rarely pinnate or decompound. Flowers umbellately- paniculately- 0
spicately-cymose. Peduncles often transformed into simple or componi
tendrils or adhering to rocks or trees by viscid pads terminating, t
ultimate segments, or expanded into a broad floriferous membrane ( "all,
santhes), Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Calyx sm
entire or 4-5-toothed or- lobed. Petals 4-5, distinct, or cohering, rrr
caducous. Stamens 4-5, opposite the petals, inserted at the base of r
disk or between its lobes, filaments short subulate ; anthers free or conna e
2-celled, introrse. Disk free or connate with the petals stamens OT eae
annular or variously expanded. Ovary 2-6-celled ; style short, slen =
conical or 0, stigma minute or large and flat, sublobed ; ovules Ir.
each cell, ascending, anatropal, raphe ventral Berry 1-6-celled ; bryo
1-2-seeded. Seed erect, often rugulose, albumen cartilaginous ; e itihg
short basal, cotyledons ovate—Disrrie, Species about 250, inha
the tropical and temperate regions of the whole world.

XLIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 645

Sendent shrubs, usually bearing tendrils. Flowers racemose or
cymose. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled . . . . . . . . 1. Vrms.
owers sessile on the dilated membranous peduncle . . . . 2. PrERISANTHES.
t shrubs destitute of tendrils. Petals and stamens connate

with the disk. Ovary 3-6-celled, cells 1-ovuled . . . . . 3. LEEA.

1. VITIS, Linn.

Sarmentose shrubs, climbing, usually by means of leaf-opposed tendrils,
tarely Tooting. Leaves simple or 3-9-foliolate and then digitate or pedate,
larely pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers umbellately- paniculately- racemosely-
(T Spicately-cymose, usually ebracteate, sometimes polygamous. Cal
ort, entire, or 4—5-toothed or-lobed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the
emm Stamens 4-5, inserted below the margins of the disk ; anthers free,
Ty 2- very rarely 3-4-celled ; style 0 or short; ovules 2 in each cell.
Z ovoid or globose, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded.—DisrRIs. About 230
k growing mostly in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and
V ynesia, more rarely in America,

Becr. L. Leaves simple.

* Petals and Stamens 4.

t Flowers umbellately-cymose,

§ Stems and branches acutely angled or winged. (See 7, diffusa.)

i V quadrangularis, Wall. Cat. 5992 ; stems 4-winged very thick
L ST. greatly contracted at the- nodes. W. £ A. Prodr. 125; Wight Ic.
ku; Brand, For, Fl 100. Cissus edulis, Dalz, in Hook, Lond. Journ.
X. 248; Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40; Thwaites Enum. 62. C. quad-
Quar, Linn, Mant, 39; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 407; DC. Prodr, i. 628 ;
Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 39. Selanthus qua-
trgonous, Forsk. Descr. 33, t. 2.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 41.
ta oughout the hotter parts of India, from the foot of the Western Hmarayas in
n to Ceynon and Maracca.—DisrRiB. Java, East Africa. .
broad] glabrous, often of a great length, sometimes nearly leafless. Leaves 1-13 in.,
lord). cordate or reniform or 3-5-lobed, crenate-serrate, ce onali Cymes small,
red, Y peduncled, glabrous. Style conspicuous, slender, stigma small. Berry globose,
I Succulent, the size of a pea, very acrid.—The stems are frequently eaten by the
ves of Ceylon in their curry.
2 V. glyptocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus); branches slender 4-
raged leaves 2-3 by 1 12 in. truncate-cordate acuminate glabrous above,
es beneath with a few appressed hairs.

pruon; hot drier parts of the Island, Thwaites.
p 2"6$ serrate; petiole 3-1] in. Cymes 3-5-rayed, longe
Wong small, rufescent. Petals acute, reflexed. Sty
» l-seeded, blackish-purple.

r than the petioles, glabrous,
conspicuous. fruit j in.,

M Sagittifolia, Laws.; very glaucous, stems 4-angled or -winged

ot cont “ints, leaves cordate-sagittate peltate. V.
filerrima, Wall. Cae S091 A pori ; W. & A. Prodr. 125, Cissus hastata,
“Fl. Ind, Bat, Suppl. 517. |
Dam. J PexisuLA; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Porter ; Malacca, Grifith.—
š ava,

e

646 LXIH. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

ili i i distantly and often
A k trailing plant. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2) in., entire or
brístly-serrate ; petiole 14-2in. Petals about 7, in. Style conspicuous, slender. Berry
small, obovoid, 2-seeded.

: ; i : stems thick weak

4. V. lonchiphylla, Thwaites Enum. 62 (Cissus); s 4

acutely-angled glabrous, " leaves 4-7 by 13-23 in. oblong-lanceolate acum
nate roundly truncate at the base, petiole }-} in. `

CEYLoN; Ambagamowa district, at no great elevation, Thwaites. than
Leaves remotely denticulate, 3-nerved at the base, subpeltate. Cymes longer |
the short petiole. Flowers small. Fruit depressed, globose.

i i : 5-angled woody

5. V. pentagona, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 408 (Cissus) ; stem 5-angle Í

not contracted at the nodes. DC. Prodr. i. 628 (Cissus) ; Kurz in Journ
As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 74.

Forests of Currracone, Roxburgh; ARRACAN and SourH ANDAMAN hire b.
Stems more robust and wiry than inthe last species. Leaves s- y AAN
ovate or cordate-ovate, acuminate, serrulate, glabrous. Cymes on MS iP
Flowers yellowish. Petals about ,4 in. Style shorter and stouter tha
species, stigma capitate. Fruit?

$$ Stems cylindric terete or obscurely angled. (Except 7, diffusa.)
a. Plants glabrous.

+ : Cat. 5991
6. V. glaberrima, Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey, Bre ed not
in part ; glabrous, not glaucous, stem fleshy obtusely end dte at the
contracted at the nodes, leaves coriaceous obtuse or subco
base, tendrils 0, flowers } in. conical.

Eastern PENINSULA ; Penang and Sinca ore, Wallich. ipidate,
Leaves 24-5 by 1-24 in., oblong, yotmdad at the apex or very Bran Por ij in.
entire or remotely and very faintly bristly-crenate, drying green. d flowers serve
long, compact. Fruit (unripe) 2-celled.—The absence of tendrils and large
to distinguish this species from its allies.

7. V. diffusa, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 83 ; gate at
4-5-angled or subterete suffrutescent, leaves subfleshy conca
the base, tendrils simple, flowers 1 in. oblong. . Dram. Java?
EASTERN PENINSULA ; Sincapore, G. Thomson; Malacca, Mangay tly and faintly
Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 ir, ovate, drying an ashy-brown, entire or m act than in **
serrate. Tendrils long, woody, opposite the leaves. Cymes less Gon P the flowers 18
glaberrima. Fruit fleshy, 1-celled, 1-seeded, black.—The Sear eh it and this
taken from Miquel’s V. nodosa var. subovata, for any difference be
species I am not able to distinguish.

m ot jointed,
8. V. farcata, Laws. ; glabrous, branches cylindric wood ft serrate
leaves 3-4 by 2-23 in. broadly ovate cuspidate distantly * “+ nearly à in.
coriaceous, tendrils forked towards the tips, petals š m. zn
Eastern PENINSULA ; Sincapore, G. Thomson; Malacca, Maint an in V. dift
A woody climber. Tendrils long, woody. Flowers much smaller 1 d

ded. Seed sy bY 3s ™
Style conspicnous. Fruit obovate, black, dry, 1-celled, 1-seede
obovate, angled, brown.

i glaucous,
9. V. repens, W. £ A. Prodr. 195; quite glabrous and fot oat
branches cylindric weak fleshy, leaves 3-8 by 1-32 in. ve tendrils for
with distant sharp spinous teeth pale green mem ee te Dalz. & 7i
Petals Xx in., fruit the size of a pea, pedicels — cordatis; Rom, Tt
Bond, l 39.. V. glauca, Wall. Cat. 5990 except Q. C.

Vitis.) LXIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 64?

Ind. 1. 407; Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pl, 32, C, repens, Lamk.; DC. Prodr. i.
628.—Kheedle Hort, Mal. vii, t. 48, “pes ; Pe AER 1

Eastern TRoPrcAL Himataya, the Kaasta Mrs., Assam, and SILHET, ascending to

(ios CHITTAGONG. TENASSERIM. Western PENINSULA.-—DiIsTRIB. Java, Amboyna.

A weak trailing plant, always ve glaucous, at least when young. Tendrils weak,

eshy. Umbels on slender peduncles, 1-4 in., the rays again umbelliferous. Style

‘ety conspicuous. Fruit dry, pedicels 4-1 in., neither fles y nor increasing in size.
Š in., globosely-pyriform, smooth, pale.

10 V. discolor, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ, Bot. ii 39; glabrous,
not glaucous, stems subangular weak, leaves 3-12 by 1-4 in. narrowly cor-

te-ovate acute the upper lanceolate subcordate or entire at the base
bristly-serrate blotched with white on the upper surface membranous,
tendrils forked, flowers and fruit as in F. repens. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb.
PLa4o V. inzequalis, Wall, Cat. 6010 ; W. & A. Prodr. 125. 1 V. diver-
olia, Wall. Cat. 5996. V. costata, Wall. Cat, 6011. C. discolor, Blume

Bijd. 181; Bot, Mag. 80, t. A763.

TaorrcAr, Ski HIMALAYA, the Kuasra. Mrs., and Sirnzr, ascending to 3000 ft. ;
“anon Peau, and Tenasserim. WrsTERN PENINSULA, in the Concan, Dalzell.—
STRIB. Java,
Branches and pedicels bright red. Leaves oblique, spotted with transverse blotches
of white between the nerves on the upper surface, purple beneath. Fruit reddish purple.
as in V. repens.—' The presence and position of the blotches seem to be very
uncertain. Instead of the discolorations lying between, they sometimes follow the
Course of the nerves, while sometimes the leaves are entirely destitute of any markings,
I which case the plant becomes Cissus velutinus, Linden Cat. (in Bot. Ma . 86, t. 5207).
itis ince ualis, Wall, appears to belong to the uncoloured forms of this species, in
Which the T aves are narrowly ovate-lanceolate, almost entire and very unequal at the
e. To specimens taken from the tops of branches of either this species or V. repens
Must probably be referred V. costata, Wall. and V. diversifolia, Wall.

ll. V. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 5988 A; W. & A. Prodr. 125, not DC. ;
quite glabrous, branches thick hollow succulent, leaves 3-7 by 13-4 in.
Cordate-ovate or ovate distantly and faintly serrate thick and leathery,

ndrils simple, peduncle 1 in. usually 2-rayed, rays bearing numerous
Umbellate flowers, pedicels thick, petals + in., fruit $ in. Cissus rotun-
diatia, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 5988; 1 DC. Prodr. i. 628.

Wesrern PrxiNsULA in the Southern provinces, Courtallam and Travancor, Wight.

Cextox, Thwaites. .
À coarse plant with thick fleshy leathery stems. Leaves pale green. m

stout. Petals distinct, Style conspicuous. Fruit pyriform, dry, 1-2-seec r d e pe -

tels thickened upwards. — Cissus glauca, Thwaites (Enum. 62), has thick eshy 8 cms

and leaves as in this s ecies, leaves 6-8 by 4 in. ovate obtuse; the fruit resembles tha
V. pallida, to which perhaps it is most closely allied.

i ts
12. v. d - & A. Prodr. 125; quite glabrous or young par

slightly paberulong fered thick fleshy hollow, leaves pi Es broadly

Cordate dentate-serrate or inciso-serrate often repand, ten iris imple,

uncle 1-2 in, very thick fleshy, cyme compact rs y sul oryma! se,

tacts and bracteoles large glabrous and AA petals E in., f uit the

Size of a pea. Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 393, 1 V. Wallichii, Aura + '
48, Soc, S. 1872, ii, 302,

648 XLIII. AMPELIDEZX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

Western Himataya, Garwhal, Strach. & Wint. WESTERN PENINSULA, from the
Concan southwards. Ava? Kurz.—Disrris. Abyssinia. . 4

Young branches and leaves often pellucid. Leaves pale green; petiole a
Tendril short, fleshy, opposite the leaves or 0, Petals distinct. Style long, - s
Fruit subglobose, 1- or according to W. & A. 1-2-seeded; pedicels very thick an
fleshy. Seed 2 in., pyriform, smooth, pale.— Wight and Arnott refer Cissus sat
Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 406, to this species, but Roxburgh's figure is without doubt V. lanata.

13. V. glauca, W. £ A. Prodr. 126; whole plant except the TE
parts quite glabrous, stems glaucous, leaves 5-10 by 2-43 in. with ae
petioles roundly cordate rarely obscurely lobed cuspidate bristly pea
membranous, tendrils forked, peduncles 2-3 in. very slender a 4
rays umbellately many-flowered, bracts and bracteoles very smal E
duous, petals A in., fruit the size of a pea. V. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 E
Cissus cordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i, 407; DC. Prodr. i. 628. C. glauca, Stend,
Fl. Ind. i, 406; Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pl,'32. C. purpureus, Roxb. ex
ed. ii. vol. i. 373.— Rheede Hort. Mal, vii. 21, t. 11.

Western PrNINSULA; from the Concan south wards. . berulous

Stems succulent, dark brown, cylindric, faintly striate. Leaves slightly pube very
when young, drying black. Cymes slender. Flowers very small ; pedicels i nw
slender. Petals distinct, Style long, slender. Fruit subglobose, 1-2-seeded. btusely

Van. Stems woody swollen at the nodes. Leaves distantly and very 9
crenate not bristly-serrate.—Courtallam.

14. V. assamica, Laus, ; whole plant except the youngest parts que
glabrous, branches subangular woody, leaves roundly cordate or orb j
cuspidate or suddenly and shortly acuminate bristly-serrate with ios :
margins very prominently nerved beneath harsh and subcoriaceous, ten
simple, cymes slender, petals + in., fruit the size of a pea.

Assam, Griffith, .

Stems very hrm and rigid, turning black when dry; a hard harsh plant Mir
pared with V. glauca. Flowers on slender pedicels. Petals distinct. Style iin
stigma subcapitate. Fruit } in., turbinate, dry, black, subangled, 1-seeded.
pyriform.— Very closely allied to V. adnata.

B. Leaves pubescent or tomentose beneath.

us
9. V. gigantea, Bedd. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxv. 212; an wik 8
climber, branches terete round glabrous, leaves 6-8 In. cordate

deep sinus and long point te glabrous above subtomen
beneath, tendrils bifid: P mucronate gla

WESTERN PENINSULA ; Anamalla f Beddome,
inp ; y forests, alt. 2000 ft., Be 5
Stems 4-5 in, diam., bark corky. Leaves crenate, crenatures sharply toothed, i

nerved; petiole 2-4 in. (mes 3-5-rayed, rays bearing minute green an
flowers.—I have never seen this species,

16. V. repanda, W. d: A. Prodr. 195 ; stems and leaves with PT renate
woolly tomentum, leaves 4-8 by 3-6 in, broadly cordate coarsely d when
or dentate or inciso-serrate or sublobed often repand densely covere forked,
young with rust: coloured hairs at length labrous, abore, Wa

etais cohering at the apex, fruit 4 in. pyriform. V. leta, Waw. 62.

rosea, Foyle Ill, 149, t. 36, £. ty Cissus acuminata, Thwaites ti j
C. aquosa, Wall. Cat. 6000. C repanda, Vahl; DC. Prodi
Grah. Cat, Bomb, Pl. 32; Dalz, £ Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 39. C. repens,

Vitis.] LXIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 649

Enum, 62. C. riparia; Wall, Cat. 6038, C. vitiginea, Linn. Sp. Pl. 117;
DC. Prodr. i. 627 (not of Roxburgh).

Norta Western Himataya; Garwhal, Falconer, &c. Assam, SiLmET, and
ASTERN BENGAL; Western PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. CEYLON, not
uncommon.
Branches coarse trailing or creeping. Stems and older branches with wrinkled bark.
es slender, peduncle 2-5 in. bearing 3-5 rays or branching subcorymbosely with
le flowers ultimately umbellate. Bracts and bracteoles densely woolly. Fruit tipped
with the persistent style. Seed pyriform, smoothish.—Very variable; the more succu-
lent and glabrous forms closely resembling some specimens of V. pallida, while those
with cordate-ovate leaves and less persistent bracteoles are with difficulty distinguished
m V. adnata, to which indeed it is very closely allied. Under V. paniculata, Wall.
Cat. 6022, are two species, the one with simple leaves probably belongs to V. repanda,
the other with 5-foliolate leaves and labelled C. pentaphylla ° Hb. Madras, belongs to
V. tenuifolia,

l7. V. adnata, Wall. Cat. 5998 ; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed
With a rust-coloured pubescence, leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in. cordate-ovate acute
or shortly acuminate bristly-serrate, tendrils forked, cymes smaller more
nr apy and less woolly than‘in V. repanda, bracteoles very small caducous,
pia distinct, fruit about the size of a pea. Brand. For. F1. 100. V. repens,

all. Cat, 5999b. Cissus adnata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 405 ; DC. Prodr. i. 627 ;
Wight Ic. t. 144; Thwaites Enum, 62; Cat. Bomb. Pl. 32; Dalz. & Gibs.

. Fl. 39. C. cordata, Wall, Cat. 6001. C. Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 in
bart. C. latifolia, Vahl Symb. iii. 18.

Hotter parts of Inpra, from the WESTERN HIMALAYAS in Garwhal to Assam,
Stuer, Beneat, Tenasserm, and PENANG. Western PENiNsULA and CEYLON.—

ISTRIB. Java, Borneo, Philippine Islds.

A slender far-climbing plant, with round woody branches. Leaves becoming more
or less glabrous above, always pubescent beneath, sometimes even densely felted with
* short soft tomentum, membranous. Tendrils woody. Fruit black, smooth.

ivm., pyriform, smooth.

l& V. spectabilis, Kurz in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1874, 196; a lofty
scandent ferruginously hirsute shrub, leaves almost sessile broadly cordate
obtuse obsoletely 3-5-lobed sinuate-cordate at the base denticulate thick

membranous scabrous above.

Serm Hiwataya; damp forests near Khersiong, alt. 5-6000 ft., Kurz. —
lowers very small, on slender pedicels 4-4 in. Cymes pedunculate, trichotomous
4-14 in, Calyx truncate, scarcely „y in. Style x in., truncate, Berry (immature)
obovate. — According to Kurz this has the habit and affinity of V. Linnei, but widely
fers by the indumentum and almost sessile leaves.—1 have not seen this species.

9. V, Zinneei, Wall, Cat. 5987 ; stems leaves and inflorescence clothed
with a Shore hd M brin leaves 2-4 in. long and broad palmately
3-5-angled or ‘obed slightly cordate or retusely-truncate at the base
marsely and irregularly serrate, tendrils simple, petals distinct, fruit sin.
p € A. Prodr. 126, Cissus angulata, Lamk. Dict. Supp. i. 104; DC.

rodr, i, 629; Thwaites Enum. 62.

Wesrerx P : from the Concan southwards, and CEYLON.
uem and lonon vullahy. Branches ated or very ome net, rui re e
e . Fruit oblong, " ;
joo]; "bout as long as the leaves. harbir distinct specon, of which the

<a A i V. ` . L . LI LI
'onymy has been a confused. Í have followed Wallich in calling it V. Linncei.

650 XLIIL. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

tt Flowers in long whip-like dichotomous spikes, Fruit 2-seeded.

* 90, V. macrostachys, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 94. Cissus
Spiciféra, Grif. Notul. iv. 693.

Matacca; Griffith, Maingay.—Dristris. Sumatra. . k

Whole plant Mi zlabrous. V Leuves 3-8 in, oblong or ovate, cuspidate, sare di
ceous, with prominent nerves. Spikes 2 ft. long. Flowers sessile or very shortly iem
celled, solitary or fascicled in twos or threes on the long slender pendulous nie .
Petals separating; style short. Fruit 1 in., elliptic, fleshy. Seed 3 by § in., oblong,
pointed at the apex, the back rounded and narrowly grooved, the face flat, rugose.

** Petals and Stamens 5.
+ Flowers umbellately-cymose. Style 0. Fruit 2-seeded.

21. V. sikkimensis, Laws.; whole plant glabrous, stems M ar
trailing, leaves 14 ft. cordate, cymes small subfleshy glabrous or ho.
small amount of deciduous tomentum divaricate y branched on tong
peduncles,

Sikkmr Hmarayva and Kuasta Mrs., alt. 0-4000 ft, J. D. H. £ T. T. Padus
Young parts often glaucous. Leaves membranous, denticulate, reddish. ,

t in. or more bearing a forked tendril a little below the cyme. Petals separating.
ruit

22. V. tomentosa, Heyne in Roth Nov, Sp. 157 ; whole plant covered
with a thick woolly persistent tomentum, leaves palmate ae ja.
lobed, flowers sessile in shortly peduncled compact densely wooly Y7 i
V. lanata, Wall. Cat. 5995 a, ? f, 2g; W. & A. Prodr. 130; Wag trifida,
t. 57; DC. Prodr. 634. V. cinnamomea, Wall. Cat. 5989 c. Roth Not.
Roth Nov. Sp. 157 ; DC. Prodr. i. 634. V. ternata, He ne m ode i 634.
Sp. 157. V. triloba, Heyne Lc. 157 ; Wall. Cat. 6004 1 O. ; DC. Proar.
Ampelopsis ? ternata, DC. Prodr. i. 633.

WESTERN PENINSULA ; from Canara southwards. š : ly in the
Leaves 3-9in. Flowers scarlet, when dry dark brown, showing conspicuous y s dh
midst of the white woolly tomentum. Peduncles 3-6 in., stout, woody, beer 1 in,
woody forked tendril 1 in. below the cyme. Fruit } in., black, round. ies i Taking
broadly oblong, flat, the margin incurved, the face with a thick rounded ridge
down the middle, pale.

ves
23. V. nervosa, Laws. ; branches petioles and cymes glabrous, Jun e.
cordate subpalmata nerves beneath prominent and hairy, flowers

V. rugosa, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (not of Wallich).
Sixx Hrianava, alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. nded
Stems deeply grooved, hollow. Leaves often nearly 2 ft., broadly cordato a with

at the tip with 5-7 shallow lobes, coarsely and irregularly dentate, covered s »"
minute soft hairs. Cymes stoutish, bearing midway a 1-2-times forked ten but rather
the size of a currant, black, fleshy, pedicel } in. Seed as in V. tomentosa
smaller, more pointed at the apex, and darker coloured. th
wi

24. V. pedicellata, Laws. ; branches petioles and cymes covered eas
i Short soft spreading pubescence, flowers on exceedingly slender

1n.

Westers HrwaLAYA; Kumaon, alt. 7000 ft., Strach. & Wint.

Stems striated, solid. Leaves 1 ft. or more, cordate-ovate, serrate oF dentate Ë
brous above, nerves somewhat prominent below and covered with sert. 8 p
rusty hairs, very thin and membranous, Cymes very small, on a short sien

midway a weak simple tendril, Fruit ?

Vitis. | XLIII. AMPELIDEZE, (M. A. Lawson.) 651

tt Flowers paniculately eymose.

25. V. exioclada, W. £ A. Prodr. 130 ; branches and petioles covered
With a dense subdeciduous tomentum, leaves cordate-ovate coriaceous,
flowers sessile and often almost hidden in the woolly tomentum, cymes
uo aid or woody, peduncle 3-12 in. bearing two-thirds of the way a stout
Nt y simple tendril. V.indica, Thwaites Enum. 63.—Rheede Hort. Mal. viis

Wesrern Peninsuxa ; Rheede, Wight; Cexros, common up to 3000 ft.

Stem stout, hollow, cylindric, striate. Leaves 6-12 by 34-7 in, acute or sub-
acuminate, coarsely dentate, the teeth terminated by a hard obtuse point, at length
Y te glabrous above, nerves very prominent beneath. Cymes branching divaricately.

étals distinct. Style 0, Fruit o long, about the size of a grape.

26. V. barbata, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 478 ; branches
Petioles and peduncles covered with numerous long spreading glandular
fapitate hairs, leaves cordate-ovate membranous, peduncle flattened 4-8 in.

earing a long forked slender tendril above its middle, cymes regularly
Paniculate as long as the peduncle. V. latifolia, Hb. Ham.; Wall. Cat.
59941G. V. lanata, Hb. Rozb.; Wall. Cat. 5995 c, d.

Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft.; Assam, Stnnet, Prov, and TzNassERIM.

Branches stoutish, hollow, dark brown or nearly black. Leaves 8 in.-1 ft. or more,
roundly cordate-ovate, sinuate-dentate, sometimes sublobed, at length glabrous above,
Ptberulous or densely tomentose beneath. Flowers sessile in large lax ovate paniculate
cymes. Fruit the size of a large currant, black, shortly pedicellate. Seed š by } in.,
eliptic, the back flattish and shallowly grooved, the face rather sharply ridged, nearly
Smooth.—A very distinct species, known at once by the long spreading black hairs.
Wallich describes the flowers as being 4-cleft, but although they may be so sometimes

I5 certain that they are generally pentamerous.

27. V. lanata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 660; branches petioles and cymes
More or less pabescént or tomentose, leaves cordate-ovate shortly acuminate
membranous, peduncle bearing a simple or forked tendril, petals cohering
at the top. W. d: A. Prodr. 131; Wall, Cat. 5995 a, b, e; Brand. For.
PL 99 V. cordifolia, Roth Nov. Sp. 158. V. indica, Hb. Ham. ; Wall.
Cat. 59941 E, V. Heyneana, DC. Prodr. i. 634, V. pentagona, Hb. Ham. ;

all, Oat. 59941 EF. V. rugosa, Wall. Cat. 5994 a, b, c, and d in part.
Y. Labrusca, Linn. var. y, Regd. Conspec. Sp. Gen. 9. w 27 yon

Hv Roxb, Fl. Ind, i. 406 (note of Linneus). Alima 1 cristatum,
4.

i It
Trop 2 from Kashmir and Jamu, alt. 1-4000 ft. and Kumaon, alt.
6-7000 fe to Sanne alt. 1-5000 ft. ; Assam, the Kuasia Mrs., CHITTAGONG, BIRMA,

aad the Circars
I! i i Ily they are
ta sS i lant in the size shape and vestiture of the leaves, usuall
3-6 by APER sika lar sis and usually softly pubescent, but sometimes felted
beneath or nearly glabrous. wers small, green, forming a thyrsoid paniculate cyme.
cohering dt the apex rarely separating. Fruit the size of a ree pea, round,
Purple, 4.seeded. Seed à by š in., obtriangular, subemarginate, ropa ^h 7 pov Pa
e back with a small spathulate tubercle, face wedge-shaped with a sha oh " "n e
ion on each side of the ridge.— ihe following varieties may n ditiaguis M Sh
Van. 1. rugosa; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate nearly 2 me i wm irs a
inse matted tomentum ; stems thicker than in the type with a dark dec .
"Imalaya and Tenasserim.
Vin. 5. glabra; leaves almost quite glabrous ; stems more

slender than in the type,
SPproaching V. parvifolia, —Garwhal and Khasia Mts.

652 XLIII. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis,

28. V. latifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i 661; whole plant quite glabrous,
leaves roundly cordate 3-7-angled or lobed, peduncles shortish bearing y
slender forked tendril, petals distinct, flowers small reddish-brown. ; .
Kleinii, Wall. Cat. 6008 1 C and 1 D; W. € A. Prodr. 130; Brand. oí
Fl. 99. V. glabrata, Heyne in Roth Nov. Sp. 156; DO. Prodr. 1. u
V. indica, Wall. Cat. 599310. V. zeylanica, Russell Wall. Cat. 5993 1D.—
Rheede Hort. Mal, vii. 13, t. 7.

Norra Wesr Ixp14; Kumaon and Moradabad. Assam, SiLHET, and the WESTERN
PeninsuLa from the Concan and Coromandel coast south wards. 6-8 b

Stems weak, hollow, far-climbing, striate; generally quite glabrous. Leaves ed
6-8 in. glossy. Flowers very small, in small somewhat compact thyrsoid orm -
' Peduncles bearing a long wiry tendril a little below the cyme. Style 0. Frut e
size of a currant, black, 2-seeded. Seed 4-1 in., elliptical, with a linear tubercle on
back and the margins transversely rugose, bluntly ridged on the face.

29. V. vinifera, Linn. Sp. Pl. 202; stems and leaves much "A
V. latifolia, but often tomentose, peduncles destitute of tendrils, y 4
united at the apex, style very short thick. DC. Prodr. i. 633; W. d
Prodr. 130 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 33 ; Brand. For. Fl 98.

Perhaps wild in the N.W. Hrwarava; cultivated extensively in N.W. India and
rarely in the Peninsula and Ceylon.—Disrris. Native of W. Asia. Jan, Hab.9

Regel, in his Conspectus Sp. Gen. Vitis. Amer. Bor. Chin. Bor. et Jap. pati
considers this plant a hae etween V. vulpina, Linn.,tand V. Labrusca, Linn»

American species, which he identifies with the Indian V. parvifolia, Roxb., and $.
lanata, Roxb.

ttt Flowers corymbosely cymose.

30. V. montana, Jaws. ; stems slender, young branches with long
delicate white spreading hairs otherwise glabrous, style 0.

Near, Wallich (in Herb. Hook.) ; Sxxugr, Hook. f. & T. eiae

Leaves 8-12 by 6-8 in. cordate-ovate, or dd as in V. lati oia, apen
peduncle 3-5 in., bearing about an inch below the flowers a forked tenani; h it
small. Petals separating? Fruit ?—Very closely allied to V. latifolia, from w

differs only in the character of the cyme, and in the long white hairs on the younger
portions of the stem.

31. V. glandulosa, Wall, in Rozb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 479; Cae
6006 ; branches leaves and petioles covered with a short dusky pube
leaves cordate-ovate crenate sometimes 3-lobed, peduncles not
tendrils.

Nira, Wallich. i

Stems cylindric, solid, jointed and thickened at the nodes, with greyish dotted beer
Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in. Flowers in small dichotomous corymbose cymes sbona Pe —
the leaves. Fruit small, globose, dark-purple, 3-4-seeded. Seed as in V gprs

i : : i us
According to Wallich the peduncles sometimes bear a twice or thrice dichotomo
endril.

ttt. Flowers spicately or racemosely-cymose.

32. V. parvifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 662; whole plant que gine
leaves 2-4 in. membranous, flowers minute green pedicellate, sty! Bat, i. ii.
Wall. Cat. 6005 ; Brand. For, Fl, 99. V. truncata, Mig. Fi. Ind. Paha
609. V. vulpina, Linn. var. y, Regel Conspect. A a Gen. Vitis, 6 .
lichii, DC. Prodr, i, 634, 1 Y. Purani, Don Prodr. 188. ‘

Vitis.] XLIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 653

Norra WzsrERN Hiwaraya; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt 3-6000 ft.; EASTERN
soun, Roxburgh.—Dısrris. Malay Archipelago, China, Japan. i
m ed solid, trailing, slender. Leaves ovate, acute, base truncate or cordate, sharply
h ceply serrate, often 3-lobed. Tendrils branched. Flowers in erect racemes 1 in.
ng. as als sobering. Style very short. Fruit globose, black, the size of a pea.
n V. lanata.

T V. indica, Linn., Sp. Pl. 202 ; branches leaves and peduncles covered
with a dense woolly tomentum, leaves 4-10 in. coriaceous, flowers greenish-
pple nearly sessile, style 0. Roxb, Ft. Ind. i. 660; W. £ A. Prodr. 131;
C. Prodr. i. 634; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Wail. Cat. 5993. Vitis
rugosa, Wall. Cat. 5994 in part; Brand. For. Fl. 100. Rheede Hort.
al. vii, 11, t. 6.
WESTERN PENINSULA; from the Concan southwards.
eis slender, permanently woolly. Leaves at length glabrous and shining above,
ago orate, acute, denticulate-serrate, the points of the serratures hard almost spiny.
Ag uncles sioutish, bearing a long simple tendril. Flowers in short cylindric spikes
ut2 in. Petals distinct? Fruit globose, the size of a large currant, 2—4-seeded.
ted § by 1 in., elliptic, slightly curved on the back from end to end, otherwise flattish,
Vith a spathulate tubercle, the face wedge-shaped.— Very closely allied to V. erioclada
yj general appearance. In some specimens the flowers are 4-merous, V. indica, Miq.
` Ind. Bat. i. pt. ii. 609, and of / hhwaites, are quite distinct.

Ht+ Flowers in short racemose spikes at the end of long filiform tendrils
bearing peduncles,

34. V. gracilis, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 477 ; Cat. 6007.

Sivcrong, Wallich.

Branches exceedingly slender, almost filiform, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in.,
cordate, caudate-acuminate, sharply serrate, hispidly hirsute above both on the nerves
and on the intercostal spaces, beneath on the nerves only. Tendrils short, very slender,
‘imple. Flowers? Fruit (immature?) oblong, oblique, 1—4-seeded, sessile. Seeds
i by lin, oblong-triangular, rounded on the back, the face flattened.—Not unlike some
“rms of p. lanata, but differing in the nature of the pubescence and in the character of

€ inflorescence.

y Rer. IL Zeaves 3-foliolate. (See V. dubia, V, Hookeri, V. lanceolaria,
' pedata, V. tuberculata, and V. sulcata.)

* Petals and Stamens 4.
T Stems and leaves usually fleshy.

35. V. Rheedei, W. £ A. Prodr. 127; whole plants quite glabrous,

tiole 2-3 in. V, heteroph lla, Wall. Cat. 6036. Cissus heterophylla,
m Madr., Wall. Cat. 6036 (not of Poiret). C. trilobata, Lamk. Dict. i. 31 ;
rng Prodr, i. 629; Thwaites Enum. 62; Graham Cat, Bomb, Fl. 33;
alz. d: Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 39.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 45.

Wesrern Peninsuta; Malabar and Travancor. CEYLON, common.

Stems thick and weak. Leaves 4-8 in., the upper ones smaller three-lobed or
hee leaflets 2-5 in., shortly petioluled or sessile, the central one oblong-lanceolate,
Je lateral ones exceedingly vblique, all distantly often sharply toothed. Tendrils
kaple, woody. Flowers subumbellate, forming compact divaricating cymes 1j in.
Pe: usually shorter than the petiole.. Petals distinct. Style slender, conspicuous.
ta 1o bose, 1-seeded, the size of a currant, black? Seed § by 1 in., globose, smooth ;
v1 t. e.

654 XLIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

36. V. setosa, Wall. Cat. 6009 ; whole plant covered with long glan-
dular bristly hairs without other pubescence, leaves sessile, fruit
W. & A. Prodr. i. 127; Wight Ic. t. 170; Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb, Fl, 4l.
Cissus acida, Wall. Cat. 6009, b; (not L.) C. setosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 410;
DC. Prodr. i. 630.

Western PENINSULA ; from the Circars and Maisor southwards. CEYLON, south part
of the Island, Gardner. : . 1

Stem and leaves very fleshy, herbaceous, weak. Leaflets 1-2 in., sessile or shortly
stalked, ovate or subovate, rounded at the tip, sharply and irregularly serrate-dentate.
Tendrils usually forked, succulent. Flowers 2, in. long, umbellately disposed in
divariceting cymes. Cymes on peduncles as long as or longer than the leaves.
revolute. Fruit the size of a pea, when young often hairy, l-seeded. Seed subglobose,
nearly smooth.—Every part of the plant is exceedingly acrid.

37. V. carnosa, Wall. Cat. 6018; whole plant when young covered
with a short dense pubescence, leaves petioled, fruit black. W. € A
Prodr. 127; Wight Ic. 171; Brand. For. Fl 101. V. crenata, Wat.
Cat. 6021. V. trifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. 203. Cissus acida, Roxb. Ic. ined. 541,
C. auriculata, Roxb. Wall. Cat. 6031 b. C. carnosa, Roxb, FT. Ted. Ñ
409 ; DC. Prodr. i, 630 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Dalz. & Gws. Bomb, P
40. C. crenata, Vahl DC. Prodr. i. 631. C. cinerea, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr. 1
631. C. obtusifolia, Lamk. Dict. i. 311—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 9.

TnaorrcAL HIMALAYA and throughout the hotter parts of Inpa from the PANJAB and
Birma to CEYLoN and MALACCA. : 1

Stems more slender and less succulent than in V. setosa. Leaves 2-6 in. on long
petioles; leaflets usually shortly stalked, 1-3 in., ovate or obovate, rounded or acute,
serrate or dentate, ^ Tendrils opposite the leaves, slender, wiry, usually branched.
Flowers white, larger than in y setosa, umbellately cymose, the podansls ore
the petiole. Style conspicuous. Fruit turbinate, fleshy, 2-4-seeded. Seed | by è
triangular, round on the back and with a linear tubercle, wedge-shaped on the face.

tt Stems woody.

a. Fruit under } in. diam, round or ovoid (doubtful in V. subicaulis and
V. anamallayana).

38. V. bracteolata, Wall in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 483 $ s
6023; stems smooth, flowers minute numerous, peduncles and pe
orm. .

Sinner, De Silva; Buotan and Assam, Griffith. : arly
Stems and leaves glabrous. Branches very slender. Leaves 3-5 in.; petiole pe
as long as the leaflets; leaflets nearly sessile or shortly stalked, lanceolate or 5521,
lanceolate or ovate-acute, serrate, membranous or subcoriaceous. lowers fer a a
smallest of the genus, disposed in pubescent divaricating filiform cymes. Cymes
long slender peduncle. Style 0. Fruit the sizeof a pea, round, black, 2-8-

Seed j by & in., obovoid or globose, finely muricate.

39. V. angustifolia, Wall. Cat, 6033; stems smooth, cymes unali
under 1 in. long shorter than the petiole, flowers diœcious, larger t ried,
V. bracteolata, fruit the size and colour of a black currant 1-36 lis,
seed hemispherical hollow, pale. Wight Ic. 176. Cissus angusti y,
pict, aT. Ind i. 408; DC. Prodr. 631. C. trifoliata Hb. Ham. m

Assam, Suter, and the Krasta Mrs.—Disrers. Sumatra (Roxburgh), pe yg Y
Stems flexuous, dark-coloured, glabrous. Leaves 8-6 in.; petiole 14 sim
leaflets shortly stalked, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous, membranous. Ten

ri
‘closed bya thin membrane closely resembling that of

Vitis.] XLIII. AMPELIDEÆ. (M.A, Lawson.) 655

Cymes usually nearly sessile, very much smaller and more robust than in the
t species. Flowers green. Style 0; sigma large flat. Fruit dry, 2-4-seeded.
d j in. diam, girt about the middle by a ridge, hollow, the small opening

V. Rozburghii.—8 cimens from
ave leaves 8 in. long or more; and the cymes on longer petioles and more

Assam
diffuse.
40. V. canarensis, Dal; in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 123 ; stem

herbaceous pale warted, cymes about 2 in. shorter than the petioles, fruit
t

In. globose nearly smoo

Western PENINSULA; Canara, Dalzell. : o.

Leaves 7-8 in. ; petiole 3-34 in.; leaflets 4 by 2 in., shortly stalked, elliptic, pubes-
cent on both surfaces, at length glabrous. Petals distinct. Style short, stigma acute.
"Med closely allied to V. lanceolaria, of which it may prove to be a broad-leaved
variety. .

41. V. Roxburghii, W. £ A. Prodr. 127 (excl. synonyms) j waite
glabrous, stems slender, bark smooth black shining, cymes longer than the
petioles, fruit the size of a currant 2-4-seeded, seeds hemispheric hollow
cup-shaped, the opening closed by a membrane.
ESTERN PENINSULA; Courtallam, Wight. . . .
aves 5-8 in., glossy, glabrous, very membranous; petiole 2 in. ; leaflets 3-7 in.,
lks 3-1 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, entire. Tendrils simple, long,
nder. Cymes shortly pedunculate, 3-4 in., branches divaricating. Flowers small,
n. Style conspicuous.—The seed closely resembling that of V. pedata, but a little
Ror and darker-coloured. 2 . ned
his, by inspection of the specimen in Wight's herbarium, I have determined to
undoubtedly Wight and Arnott's species, although in the description they say
the cymes are much shorter than the petioles, almost approaching a panicle, and
the leaves occasionally 4—5-foliolate. Roxburgh’s Cissus feminea, which they identify
with it, and owing to which the specific name of Roxburghit was given to Wight's
t, is V. lanceolaria.

42. V. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus); stems slender, whole

Mant quite glabrous, cymes longerthan the petioles: oua prominently

Cerros ; in the Amba amowa district, Thwaites, :

“aves 6-8 in.; petiole 14-24 in.; leaflets 4-6 in., stalks 1-1 in. lon ener

tliptic-ovate, cuspidate, the upper half obscurely denticulate, membranous. i we z
d in—'Thwaites remarks that this species is closely allied t some wi ° É
„ta, differing from t chiefly in the form and character of the eaves, an rge

fnit; the trifoliolate character of the leaves he suggests may not be constan

i thick
43, V. peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 6024; stems exceedingly coarse thic
ind woody, oung branches cymes and petioles puberulous, mes 2 nme
ese equalling the petioles, fruit the size of a pea red, seed + by s In.

ar-obovoid emarginate coarsely angled or muricate pale.

Len Wallich; Maacca, Maingay.

ves 1 ft. long; petiole 6 in. ; leaflet

tonta X, Coarsely dentate-serrate, at length gla

globe, Cymes 6 in. long; peduncle 2 in, Flowers ve
» black, pruinose, 4-seeded.

š i he

V. h Brand, For. Fl. 100; quite glabrous t
unger parts aes, pe robust, gii i Janata Jer pe lack,
"aas long flowers large, i ick,
"i by La mi eol nearly smooth polished black. Vitis

ipti bobovate, acute or rounded at
í AP icons, eorapsct. Tendrils simple,
ry small, often unisexual. Fruit

656 LXIII. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

Ampelopsis) neilgherrensis, Wight Jc. t. 965. Ampelopsis himalayana,
Iw I 7A 149. Cissus himalayana, Walp. Rep. i. 441.

Temperate HrwALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 6-9000 ft., to Sikkim, ‘alt. C1 OR
Knasra Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft. Prou, Kurz. WESTERN PENINSULA; Pulney 1
Wight. ;

ark smooth, or on the older branches with a few small warts. Leaves P: e
membranous or subcoriaceous, often glossy ; petiole 13—4 in. ; leaflets 2-5 in., sharply x
inciso-serrate, the terminal ovate ot obovate, rounded at the base or subcordate, ee
nate, lateral j-ovate or j-cordate. Yendrils 0. Flowers & in., in subcorymbose
tomous cymes, rarely 5-merous. Style short, stout. Fruit 4-seeded. villis

Van. semicordata, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 481 (species) ; ing d the
petioles and the nerves beneath the leaves hispidly pubescent, leaves smaller t mg od
type, tendrils sometimes present branched, Wall. Cat. 6020. Himalaya an
Mts.— Perhaps this ought not to be distinguished even as a variety.

45. V. anamallayana, Beddome in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxv. 213; phi
large glabrous climber, petiole 1-2 in., leaflets 33-4 in. ovate- anom :
with a long acumination sharply serrate conspicuously reticulate ben
peduncles shorter than the petioles, cymes lax. š

Wesrern PENINSULA; banks of rivers on the Anamallay hills, alt. 5000 tt.
Beddome. i

Leaves of the younger branches simple, ovate-lanceolate, of the older usually V
liolate; petiole "glandular ; leaflets nearly equal.—The description is too impe
determine with exactness the proper affinities of this species.

46. V. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 63 (Cissus); branches ye
fescent, petioles about 1in., leaflets 2-3 in. by 1-17 in., cymes iat kish-
rufescent much longer than the petioles, fruit the size of a pea Diac
purple.

Cryton; Matele and Hunasgirie district, Thwaites.

Leaflets glabrous, ovnte-lanceclate, repand-dentate, cuneate at the base, lateral leaflets
oblique, smaller. Stipules cordate-oblong, adnate.

b. Fruit globose, 1 in. or more in diameter. m8

47. V. mollissima, Wall. in Roxb, Fl, Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 4823 SU
slender when young covered with long hispid hairs, leaves hairy 9
surfaces, style long slender, fruit dry 1 in. diam. Wall. Cat. 6012.

Penane, Wallich; Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. i

Stems at length glabrous, Tee 5-8 in. covered with long soft dee DS
membranous; petiole 2-34 in.; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, ace" wers
minate, faintly serrate, lateral very oblique. endrils very slender, forked. vuit 2-3-
about j'y in., long peduncled, divaricating cymes equalling the petioles. hed on the
seeded. Seed $ by } in., elliptic-oblong, boat-shaped, rounded and pol fruit as
back and with a linear tubercle hollow on the face.— Wallich describes Malac are
being “nearly the size of a cherry ;" but the ripe ones in specimens from Ma
very much larger.

< la-

48. V. tuberculata, Blume Bijd. 189 (Cissus); stem very vn at
brous, leaves quite glabrous coriaceous, style very short, stigma su>P
fruit dry 13 in. diam,

Peau, McClelland.—DisrRm. Java. ort]
Whole plant quite glabrous. Leaves 8 in. to 1 ft. ; petiole 24 in.; raat po
stalked, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire or yt udi
towards the tip, margin slightly revolute. Tendrils simple or for vt oe e
very small in dense compact cymes under 1 inj almost sessile. per

short thick pedicels, dry, membranous, brown, l-3-seeded. Seed i by § ins?

Vitis. ] XLIII. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) 657

emarginate, grooved on the back and in the groove a long linear tubercle, the raphe
fool ying 1n a groove on the face.—According to Blume, the leaves are sometimes 4-5-
olate. `

€. Fruit oblong subfalcate, 3 in. long.

49. V. campylocarpa, Kurz mss. ; whole plant quite glabrous, fruit .
lseeded, seed 1 by 1 in. cylindrical curved transversely wrinkled, style 0,
stigma large subpeltate.

Assam, Griffith ; Peau, Kurz.

Stems round. Leaves 6-8 in., coriaceous; petiole 21-4 in. ; leaflets stalked, obovate,
mddenly and shortly acuminate, faintly serrate towards the tip. Tendrils 0. Flowers
M nearly sessile very diffuse widely divaricating cymes longer than the petiole. Fruit

"brown, not pulpy, pericarp reduced to a thin membrane.

** Petals and stamens 5.

50. V. divaricata, Wall. in Hb. 1894; ex Cat. 5994 h under V.
Tugosa ; whole plant covered with deciduous down, stems cylindric, leaves
1n.-1ft., terminal leaflet ovate acute or subacuminate lateral semi-cordate.

Temperate HIMALAYA, from Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 6-700 ft., to E. Nepal, alt.
0 ft.; Maison, Herb. Rottler. . .
ems slender, far-climbing. Leaves thinly membranous, 3- rarely 5-foliolate; petiole
3-1 in. ; leaflets serrate, at Tength glabrous or nearly so. Flowers dark-brown or red,
m small compact umbellate cymes on long woolly peduncles, which bear a forked ten-
about 1 in. froin the top. Style very short. Fruit globose, the size of a currant,
black, 3-4-seeded. Seed § by } in. almost round, flat, emarginate, pale coloured.—
Wight & Arnott unite this with V. tomentosa, to which it is very closely allied, but
ers sufficiently in the composition and texture of the leaves.

51. V. araneosus, Dalz, d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 411; whole plant covered
With a deciduous down except on the under surface of the leaves where it
na sistent, stems flattened, leaves 4-6 in., terminal leaflet elliptic, lateral

m-elliptic,

Western Penrnsuta ; highest Ghats of the Concan; Pulney Mts., Wight. i

ems slender, far-climbing. Leaves membranous; petiole 1-2 in. ; leatlets shortly-
ked, serrate, at length glabrous above, felted beneath. Flowers and fruit as :
7. divaricata. Seeds 1 by à in., elliptic, with a round depression on the back, puckere
the margins.

Beor. III. Zeaves mostly 5-foliolate, digitate. (See 58, cinnamomea.)

t Flowers umbellate hardly cymose. .
52, V. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 6026; branches rooting, young branches

. e : 1.911]
, petioles and peduncles clothed with soft villous red hairs, petioles 13-23 in.,
Este all under 4in, flowers 4-merous, V. hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019,
part,

Wrsreny HIMALAYA, from Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft., Thomson; to Nipal, Wallich.—
IB. Yunan. . . F NEN
oung b , creeping, older with a roughish bark and covere
meron, short serial ode. Leafs Crate or obovate, sessile or nearly ed sata,
brous, membranous, lateral much smaller than the terminal. Tendrils branched, very
the er, short. Flowers unisexual, 4 in. long. Style 0, stigma flat. Fruit immature,
Size of a currant, globose, 1-seeded, black ? Seed ?

f n lowers umbellate in divaricating subcorymbose cymes,

53, š indric slender, whole plant gla-
x wa V. Thomsoni, Lavs.; stems cylindric pan r 3-4 Uy 11 d in.
JR

iole 2-3 in.
"d leaves glaucous deep green, petiole , VU

658 XLI. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis.

elliptic-lanceolate serrate pale beneath, flowers 4-merous, seed dark pinkish-
red,

Knasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., H. f. & T.
A low creeper, turning red. ' Lodlits narrowed into short stalks. Tonde ricum
branching. Flowers in slender widely divaricating cymes, pu Style un
` Fruit the size of a currant, globose, 2-4-seeded, pruinose. Seed $in., obovoid, ro
on the back, wedge-shaped on the face.

54. V. elongata, Wall. Cat. 6016 ; whole plant quite glabrous, Mee
slightly flattened thick and succulent polished, petioles 5-8 in, pas A
5-7 by 2-23 in. elliptic-lanceolate shortly acuminate serrate ue Ta
narrowed into a stalk, flowers 4-merous, Cissus elongata, Roxb. P^.

1 411 ; W. & A. Prodr. 128.

SikK1M HiMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft., Smuer and BENGAL; COROMANDEL, ipei,
A very large climber running up and over the highest trees. Branches ku Pn
until the plant arrives at a great height. Tendrils simple. Cymes diee * oM
the last divisions shcrt ending in small umbels. Style short. Fri A koe
elliptic, smooth, black, 1-seeded. Seed 3 in., obovate, smoothish.— Wig
say that the leaves in this species, as also in the next, are sometimes pedate.

55. V. auriculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 411 (Cissus); branches seme
succulent the young parts softly pubescent, petioles 4—7 in., peano siii
stalks 2-6 by 1-4in. obovate acute or shortly acuminate serrate T.
branous, flowers 4-merous, Wall. Cat. 6031; W. & A. Prodr. es Doni
nM Ic. 145. Cissus auriculata, DC. Prodr. i. 632; Dalz £

. 40.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 3-5000 ft., and Carrracone, H. f. & T. ; BENGAL a S
Wailich ; Maisor, Heyne. ly cracked.

A large climber like V. elongata. Bark of the older stems spongy and cun; "an
Leaves softly pubescent beneath when young, at length glabrous; stipnles i pest ent
shaped. Tendrils 2-3-cleft. Flowers small. Cymes on long thick weak $ obose,
peduncles, divaricating, longer than the petiole. Fruit the size of a pre leaves
red, l-seeded. Seed elliptical, rounded at the base, 3 Na in.—None o y: ind
in the many specimens I have met with are pedate, as Wight & Arnott says ^

: : es,
the specimens in Wight's herbarium numbers 427 and 967 do not belong to this spec
but to V: lanceolaria.

56. V. planicaulis, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5685 ; whole anh
glabrous, stems greatly flattened, petioles 4-7 in., leaflets on sta M mem-
5-8 by 2-3 in. oblong-lanceolate subacuminate obtusely-serrate
branous or subcoriaceous, flowers 4-merous.

SIKKIM HIMALAYA, and Krasta Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft. "ng down from its
A vast climber reaching to the top of the highest trees, and sending q1 in. thick-
branches Jong thin leafless bands. Stems at the base often 14 ft. wide an divaricating
Tendrils stout, simple. Flowers green. Cymes subcorymbose with irs red?
branches. Style subulate; stigma 4-lobed. Fruit the size of a cherry, TO
1-2-seeded. Seed | by } in., nearly cylindrical, transversely rugose. m
57. V. obovata, Laws.; branches petioles peduncles pr
clothed with a long soft spreading fulvous pubescence, pupa upon the
tened, petiole 4-7 in., leaflets 6-10 in. stalked glabrous excep s
stalks obovate acute or subacuminate distantly and coarsely serrate
Knasra Mrs, alt. 3-4000 ft., A. f. £ T. beorymbose with

-... Tendrils stout, simple, very long. Cymes shortly pedunculate, su í
divaricating branches. Flowers? Fruit the size of a cherry, globose ,

Vitis. | XLIII. AMPELIDER. (M. A. Lawson.) 659

Seeds | in., obovoid ?— Probably a tall climber like the last species. These five last
du" though easily distinguishable by the characters given above, are very closely

tt Flowers in long pendulous racemose woolly spikes,

ia V. cinnamomea, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 483 ; Cat.
Pen, n part; stems covered with a thin yellowish or pale rust-coloured
closely adhering tomentum, leaves simple to 3-foliolate at length glabrous
ve felted beneath, spikes spreading or ascending, fruit triangular-
obeordate l-seeded, seeds + by } in. broadly obcordate.
Maraoca, PENANG, and SixcaPong, Wallich, &c.
Apparently a large climber. Stems slender, cylindric, woody. Leaves usually
oliolate ; petiole 3-6 in., sometimes simple, 3 lobed, cordate ; leaflets narrowed into a
very short stalk, 34-8 by 2-3 in., terminal elliptic, lateral half-cordate, sharply and
ly serrate. Racemes cirrhiferous, very slender. Seed curved with a small round
tele on the back, margins muricate.— The more slender habit, the thinness of the
omentum, the 1-seeded fruit and the shape of the seed, all point to this being distinct
V. compositifolia.

59. V. compositifolia, Laws.; stems covered with a very thick rust-
coloured tomentum, leaves 5-foliolate glabrous above or tomentose on the
Principal nerves only densely felted beneath, spikes spreading very densely
Woolly, fruit 2 by 4 in. 4-angled 4-seeded, seed elliptic acute at the apex
Marginate at the base slightly curved flattish and smooth on the back
may ridged on the face. V. cinnamomea var. compositifolia, Wall. Cat.

Pawasa, Phillips; Maracca, Maingay. . :

vast climber, with thick branches. Petioles 6-10 in.; petiolules 1 in. ; leaflets
£10 by 21-33 in., narrowly obovate, sharply and bristly serrate, cuspidate, coriaceous.

a 2 ft., much more robust than in V. cinnamomea, cirrhiferous. Fruit black,
60. V. elegans, Kurz in Nat. Tydsch. v. Ned. Ind. (see Journ. Beng.
As. Soc. 1870, ot 1. 74) ; stems covered with a very dense dark red woolly
‘omentum, leaves 3-5-foliolate velvety above densely felted beneath, spikes
pid V. cinnamomea. Wall. Cat, 5989, in part. V. coralloides, Hook.

Sivcapong, Walker, &c

Petio 2-2} aken dots 3-6 by 13-3 in., sessile, obovate, bristly serrate. Tendrils
grio the leaves or springing from the peduncle. Fruit ?—Much like V. compositi-

» but more robust, the tomentum also is darker denser and persistent on the

"per surface of the leaves.
Szcr. IV, Leaves mostly pedately 5-foliolate. Flowers 4-merous.

t Flowers umbellately cymose.
nt quite glabrous,

6l. V. capriolata, Don Prodr. 188; whole pla
A es and bracts scarious, style 0 stigma large flat. V. serrulata, Wall.
u PA a. V. hederacea, Wall. Cat. 6019, in part. C. capriolata, Royle

- 96. ©. serrulata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 414; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C.
paulensis, DO. Prodr. i. 632. |

ba ERATE HiwALAYA; from Garwhal? alt. 4-7000 ft., to Sikkim and Bhotan., alt.
ft. Kasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. Cmrracone, Roxb. :

ms very slender, wiry. Leaves 5-foliolate; petiole 14-23 in.; leaflets 14-3 by

Win + lanceolate or narrowly ovate or subobovate, acute or —Ó bristly-
UU

660 XLIII AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis,

serrate in the notches. —Tendrils slender, simple or forked. Cymes axillary r bos
nating in short lateral branches, pedunculate; peduncles usually with severa :
conspicuous bracts, 3-5-rayed, rays several-flowered. lowers "ret pe ie
4-4in. Fruit the size of a currant, globose, 2—4-seeded, black. Seed 3 a domo
obovoid, thick, rounded and muricate on the back, and with a linear tubercle, fla

on the face.

tt Flowers subcorymbosely cymose.

62. V. tenuifolia, W. € A. Prodr. 129; whole plant quite glabronb
leaves membranous, tendrils simple or forked, peduncles long, dris eod
what diffuse axillary but often owing to the sudden suppression of t L i
bearing branch appearing terminal, fruit the size of a ob dor NE
seed 1 by Lin. triangular. V. paniculata, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. uifolia,
in part, and b. Cissus japonica, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 632. C. p
Heyne in Wall. Cat. 6022 a, in part, C. cymosa, Wall. Cat. 6017.
truncata, Wall. Cat. 6032. M

Niear, Wallich; Srxxm HIMALAYA, alt. 1-5000 ft, J. D. H.; the ares s ES
Assam, Birma, PEGU, TENASSERIM, and Maracca. WESTERN PENINSULA,
Southern provinces.—Disrris. China and Japan. by 2-2 in.

Stems slender, herbaceous. Petiole 2-4 in.; leaflets shortly stalked, 1-3 by ,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate. Tendrils short, slender. hrc
in divaricating dichotomous cymes, bisexual. Style short, stigma large, SUDpe di
ir turbinate-globose. Seed rounded and muricate on the back, sharply ri
the face.

63. V. mollis, Wall. Cat. 6025; whole plant covered vim E
soft pubescence, leaves membranous, flowers fruit and see

oe HivaLAYA; alt. 1-3000 ft., J. D. H. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 0-3000 c:
and CHITTAGONG. Maracoa, Griffith. conspi uously

Closely resembilng V. ifa in habit. Petiole 3-1} in.; leaflets "
stalked, 14-3 by 1-13 in., ovate, broadly lanceolate or subovate, serrate.

ite
64. V. lanceolaria, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 412 (Cissus); whole egi
glabrous with exception of the inflorescence, branches roun ten
with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, iier
simple, cymes very short and compact in the axils of the leaves ism
unisexual, fruit the size of a small cherry dry ?, seed + in. eni ` Wight
or almost globose. Wall. Cat. 6013, in part; W. & A. P roar 185 |
Ie. t. 177; Brand. For. Fl. 101. V. muricata, W. £ A. od 128 (non
Wall. Cut. 6015 ; Wight Ic. t. 740. V. serratifolia, W. & A. Pr t C. lan-
Rottl.), Cissus feminea, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 410 ; DC. Prodr. Y. 63 Enum. 6
ceolaria, DC. Prodr. i, 632; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 33; Thwaites
C. muricata, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40; Thwaites Enum. 63.
Assam, Peau, and the Eastern PexrxsuLA, from Tenasserim to Malaco
PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. Cryton, ascending to 3000 ft. . petiole 14-
Branches woody. Leaves 5-foliolate, pedate, more rarely S-foltoleles Bie short,
3 in.; leaflets 3-5 by 1-2 in., stalked, oblong-lanceolate, distantly serrate those Spe^"

stigma eltate sublobed. Fruit subfleshy ?, globose, 1-4 ?-secded.—In s by
mens which I have examined, the fruit has been 1-2- not 4-seeded as 7
burgh, Wight, and Arnott, also smaller than a cherry. olaria and }-

AR. 1; stems smooth.—This appears intermediate between Y, loa y. lance?

-Ho^keri, and in some respects answers better to Roxburgh's descriptio e ut

laria than the one given siad urinis P hat smooth, petiole |
Var. 2; assimilis, Kurz mss. (Sp.); stems cylindric somewhat, §

t Ed

to °
| Vered with corky warts or tubercles, leaves between fleshy

|

Vitis. | XLIII. AMPELIDEZX. (M. A. Lawson.) 661

1-6 in., leaflets 4 b i i iptic wi
yy 23 in. sessile elliptic with a reflexed tip bet fl i
—-— are Prominent beneath. — Probably a distinct species nan kee
.3; weak coarse tubercled, leaves very lar; beori ,
ie s ° , le y large subcoriaceous sharply ser-
» i exceedingly short.—This also will probably prove to be distinct —Penang,
65. V. sulcata, Z i |
, » Laws.; whole plant quite glabrous, branches sm
cate, leaves between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils zim] le, cymes herten
saree eaves, fruit lin. diam.. pulpy? 4-seeded, bead š by iin. oblong
at flattened on the face. V. lanceolaria, Wight Jc. t. 98,
; Wazerenn PENINSULA ; Herb. Wight. .
“Q mobing shrub. Leaves 5-foliolate, pedate, or rarely 3-foliolate; petiole 21 ir. ;
L5 1 by 14-23 in, stalked, ovate, acuminate, serrate. Flowers? Fruit glo-
SA ot , black. Seed with a narrowly clavate tubercle on the back.—The smooth
Wioty mens, large fruit, and shape of the seed, forbid this being regarded as a
of V. lanceolaria, although it is very closely allied to that species.

ES v. dubia, Laws, ; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric smooth,
"ied embranous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter than the petioles, fruit
: € of a pea dry 2-seeded, seed } by 4 in. oblong,
À sc napa wate alt. 1-4000 ft., H. f. & T. Onrrraeoxc? H. f. & T.
lila "w. ic shrub; branches slender, striate. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate, rarely 5-
tt ellint: pedate; petiole 2-4 in.; leaflets stalked, 3-8 by 11-24 in., ovate-lanceolate
ptic, acuminate, deeply almost incisely serrate. Cymes 1-14 in., compact.

07. V. Hookeri, Laws.;
š . , Laws.; whole plant glabrous or the cymes onl
nahtly ubescent, branches cylindric smooth or only slightly warty
the bed between fleshy and coriaceous, tendrils simple, cymes shorter
ioles b 1 š
ot subobotoik °° ruit lin. diam. pulpy 2-seeded, seed 4 by tin. oblong
Sikkw Hrwarava, the Kuasta Mrs., and Currracona, alt. 1-4000 ft., H. f. & T.

B
rid and ASSAM, Griffith —DISTRIB. Java.
b 245 climber. Leaves pedately 5-foliolate; petiole 4-6 in. ; leaflets stalked, 4-8
L + in., elliptic, acute at both ends or shortly acuminate at the apex, serrate.

very long. Cymes 13-23 in.

68. V. rumicisperma, Laws. ; whole plant glabrous, branches cylindric
and coriaceous

í "uay forked, cymes as long as or longer than the leaves, fruit the size o
Y 8e currant 4-seeded pulpy, seed š by 4 in. broadly triangular-obcordate.
:lanceolaria, Wall. Cat, 6013 À, V. tuberculata, Wall. Cat. 6014.

qat, and SiKkKIM Hazara, alt. 3-7000 ft, Wallich, &c. Knuasi Mrs.,

Leaves usually pedately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate ; petiole
c-lanceolate, serrate. Fruit black. Seed with a

Th Shallow groove on the back and a sharp ridge formed by the raphe on the face.
Tuit is sweet and pleasant to the taste. J. D. H.—Closely allied to V. lanceo-

"e but readil distinguished by its somewhat smaller fruit, and particularly by the

of its seed.
Bror, V. Leaves mostly pedately 7-9-foliolate. Flowers mostly 5-merous.

t Flowers corymbosely cymose.
uit V. pedata, Vahl in Herb. Madr, ez Wall. Cat. 6027 ; whole plant
lone’, Pübescent or glabrate, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, cymes as

Ng as or longer than the petiole, fruit the size of a currant dry 4-seeded,

Tyr immense climber.
bed: leaflets 3-6 by 1-24 in., ellipti

662 XLII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Vitis,

seed 1 in. diam. hemispherical hollowed out on the flat side and the opening
closed by a thin membrane. W. & A. Prodr. 128. Cissus heptaphylla,
Retz Obs.22. C. pedata, Lamk. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 413; DC. Prodr. i. ee
Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 33; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 40 ; Thwaites ie i
C. serratifolia, Hb. Rottl. Melothrix zeylanica, Ken. in Hb. Banks.—R
Hort, Mal. vii. t. 10.

Beneat, SILHET, Assam, the Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft. Birma and ton Te
SERIM to SINCAPORE and PENANG. WESTERN Peninsuta, from the Concan southwards,
and in Cevrox.—Dirsrgis. Malayan Archipelago. lly 7-

A large weak climber, with cylindric often hirsute branches. Leaves hec H
foliolate; petiole 4-6 in.; leaflets on long stalks, 4-8 by 14-3 in., oblong d dely
acuminate, serrate, often at length nearly glabrous. Cymes subcorymbose perm
divaricating branches. Flowers bisexual, green, covered with a greyish Ln fial of
Fruit subglobose, somewhat flattened at the apex.— The seed resembles exactly
V. Roxburghii, but is rather smaller.

70. V. novemfolia, Wall. Cat. 6030; whole plant glabrous, ag
cylindric smooth, leaves membranous, tendrils forked, eymes on ben
peduncles nearly as long as the leaves, fruit 1} in. diam. pulpy ds hollow
seed 3 by -$ in. boat-shaped with the ends slightly curved inwards 20
the elliptic opening closed by a thin membrane.

Sincapore, Wallich, Griffith. ç tno

Stems dark-brown, Mini Leaves pedately 7-9-foliolate; petiole 4-6 in.; unti
5-8 in., on long stalks, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles longer than the pe
Flowers small, green, Fruit globose, black.

tt Flowers in long slender pendulous racemose spikes.

71. V. Helferi, Laws. ; stems cylindric somewhat slender the yomg
parts covered with a pale deciduous tomentum, leaves 5—7-foliolate g 9i in
except on the nerves beneath, petiole 3-4 in., leaflets 3-6 by li-
shortly stalked broadly oblanceolate serrate submembranous.

TENASSERM or ANDAMAN Isis., Helfer. ç

Peduncles opposite the leaves, Peart ale Racemes 1 ft. or more long, very pet
Flowers glabrous, black when dry, subquadrangular. Style 0, stigma minute.

72. V. polystachya; Wall. Cat, 6028, in part; stems cylindric ven
coarse and thick speedily becoming covered with a thick corky bark, |
plant quite glabrous with the exception of the spikelets which are blong
puberulous, petiole 6 in., leaflets mostly 6-12 by 3-4 in. elliptic-o0t0"
cuspidate distantly serrate on long stalks coriaceous. dis
pia arasan or Anpaman Isis., Helfer; Maracoa, Griffith, Maingay.—D

lam. P

Peduncles opposite the leaves, robust, cirrhiferous, Tendrils stout. Kacemen. ani
spikelets 2 in., covered with a short slight appressed pubescence. lowers E diam,
black when dry. Petals united. Style very short. Fruit (immature) 4 m.
globose, succulent. Seed?

: le
73. V. nitida, Laws.; stems cylindric smooth, bark shredding, hoe
plant quite glabrous, petiole 4-6 in. leatlets 7 on long stalks 6-10 "A mem-
elliptic-oblong acute distantly and faintly serrate shinigg pa 6028 in
branous, stipules large broadly ovate, Y. polystachya, all. ©
part and 9031.
Penane, Wallich.—Disrmrs. Siam, brous, Flowers
Peduncles opposite the leaves, robust, y. ft., cirrhiferous, quite gla Fruit?
small, black when dry, subquadrangular. Petals united? Style very short.

Vitis. | XLIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 663

These 3 last species are closely allied to V. einnamomea and V. elegans, and with

them form the binding link between this genus and Pterisanthes,

Scr. VI. Leaves 1-3-pinnate.

74. V. rubifolia, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 480; Cat. 6037 ;
uches and younger parts pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets closely and
Sharply serrate.

Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., De Silva, &c.; Siungr, Wallich. Assam, Masters.

A large climbing shrub, branches slender, angular. Leaves 6-9 in. ; leaflets 21-31 by
1-2} in. shortly stalked, 3-5-paired, subcordate-ovate, acute or subacuminate.
Tendrils forked, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Flowers small, green, umbel-

te in slender dichotomous subcorymbose cymes. Fruit the size of a currant, red,
turning black. Seed à by 1 in., broadly obovoid, the back rounded and with a
spathulate tubercle, the margins transversely rugose, face sharply wedge-shaped, light-
rown.

75. V. cantoniensis, Seem. Bot. Herald Voy. 370; whole plant quite
brous, leaves pinnate or the lower pair of pinnze ternately compound.
Sus cantoniensis, Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beech. 175. OC. diversifolia, Walp.
l. Meyen. 314. Hedera hypoglauca, Hance in Walp, Ann. ii. 724.
Mazacca, Grifüth.—Disrmm. Hongkong.
Stem. slender, dio enfes 5 peired, 2-3 by 4-1 in., ovate-lanceolate, coarsely
ftenate, whitish beneath. Tendrils branched. Flowers small, in dichotomous corym-
~se cymes, 5-merous ? . Style eubulate. Fruit and seed as in V. rubifolia.—A spe-
cimen in Herb. Hook., marked Khasia, Griffith, is evidently a fragment of the plants
collected in Malacca,

DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES.
, Cissus ACUTIFOLIA, Poir.; DO. Prodr. i. 630. Description too short for identifica-

C. WALULDICHIANA, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. is Hedera Helix, L.
ITIS ATROVIRIDIS, Wall. Cat. 6040, is Gymnostemma trigyna.
* ERYTHROCLADA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soe, Beng. 1872, ii. 301, from Pegu (Kurz)
5 apparently allied to V. obovata, but the description is not sufficient for identification.

V. ricnornoza, Wall. Cat. 9032, is Gymnostemma trigyna?

2. PTERISANTHES, Blume.

Large scandent or sarmentose plants furnished with tendrils. — Zeaws
alternate, simple or 3-7-foliolate, Higitate or pedate. Flowers small, 45-
merous, inserted on a flat expanded membranous edunoulato rachis,

xual ; male flowers marginal, often pedicellate ; female pecu Ca yz
cup-shaped or obsoletely toothed. Petals separating. Ovary 2-ce i style
very short, stigma capitate. Berry globose or obovoid, 1-4-see
Disrnrs, Sp. 5 or 6. Malay and Indian archipelago. : rom

Ver i iti cially to those forms of the genus in which t
lowers aro s sowile ed pihaa "ike Miquel is probably right in uniting it with

Wis,

P. polita, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i 95; whole plant quite

gab
rous, leaves simple. ;
ABAN, at Moulmein, Lobb; SmcaPonz, Maingay.—Disrnrs. praen ore.
An exceedingly slender far-climbing plant. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in., elip wu.
7, Svate, acute, subcordate, distantly and spinosely serrate or entire, membranous,
Tendrils bearing the red expanded rachis. Flowers 4-merous.

664 XLIII. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) [Pterisantles.

2. P. heterantha, Grif. Notul. iv. 694, under Embamma ; beanies
leaves and peduncles densely and persistently tomentose, leaves
foliolate.

Matacea, Griffith, Maingay. . Es

A very M cire i plant. Leaves membranous; petiole 4-7 in.; x
5-8 in., on stalks 3-1} in., terminal leaflet lanceolate, the two lateral obliquely p s ed
serrate, covered above with stiff spreading hairs, beneath with a rust-coloured fe a
tomentum. Tendrils very short, bearing the expanded rachis, Flowers 4-6-merous.
Fruit ?—Very nearly allied to Miquel's V. rufula, if not identical with it.

3. P. cissoides, Blume Bijd. 193; leaves 3-foliolate, branches leone
and peduncles covered with a sparse white deciduous foscunpk, Ç >
Miquel in Linnea xviii. 385, t, viii. Cissus involucrata, Spreng. >y rors
p li, 44. Embamma cordigera, Grif. Votul. iv. 694; Le. Pl. Asiat. t. 640.

itis pterisantha, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 94.

Maracca, Griffith, Maingay.—Disrrm. Java.

A slender Rid om Ledber tuenibravous ; petiole 13-3 in.; leaflets shortly rye
3-4 by 2-24 in.; terminal obovate, lateral oblique, half cordate-ovate, distant an 4 i
nosely serrate, speedily becoming glabrous above, permanently pubescent on the La
beneath. Tendrils short, bearing the glabrous expanded inflorescence. Flowers 4-me dis
Fruit globose, 3 in. diam., subfleshy, 2-celled, 4-seeded. Seed 4 by š in. triangu 9^»
rounded on the back, and with a sharp ridge beneath.

4, P. pedata, Laws.; leaves 5-foliolate covered with a sparse white
flocculent down.

Matacca, Griffith, Maingay. . TER

A slender clinton with glabrous branches. Leaves membranous; petiole Pd
leaflets very shortly stalked, 21-3 by 1-14 in., oblong-obovate, tipped wit Vid
bristle, distantly and spinosely serrate, at length nearly glabrous above, nerves

covered with a dense rusty tomentum. Tendrils short, bearing the glabrous =
rescence. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit?

3. LEBA, Linn.

Small trees shrubs or herbs. Branches striate or sulcate, often beron
Leaves alternate, usually very large,simple, or 1-2-3-pinnate ; petiole Ten-
at the base into sheathing stipules. Peduncles opposite the leaves. sod
drils 0. Inflorescence corymbosely-cymose. Flowers red, yellow pe
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals Š, connate at the base and adhering to q aba,
minal tube, revolute. Stamens united at the base into a 5-lobed oan
filaments inserted between the lobes of the tube, inflexed ; anthers: the
and exserted, or connate and included in the tube. Ovary inserted » =
disk, 3-6-celled ; style short, stigma swollen ; ovules solitary in eac
erect. Berry 3-6-celled, 3-6-seeded, usually succulent, subglobose, most
tened at the top. Seed wedge-shaped.—DistRiB, Species about 25;
abundant in the tropics of Asia and Africa, rare in Australia.

Secr. I. Leaves simple.

. Wight
1, L. macrophylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 653; Wall. Cat. 6818; 5. V.
Ic. 1154; Dalz, & Gibs. "Bomb, Fl. 41; Brand, For. Fl. 102. J^ intl
Wall. Cat. 6821. L. simplicifolia, Grif Nota. iv. 697; Je. Pl. Asiat

. Throughout the hotter parts of Ixpra, from the Troricat HiMALAXA, as far west
as Kumaon, to Bengal, Assam, Tenasserim ? and the WESTERN PENINSULA. .

"long stalks 3-6 by 2-3 in. cordate-ovat

Leea.] XLIII. AMPELIDEZ. (M. A. Lawson.) 665

Stems erect, flexuose. L ; 9i
- Leaves 9 in.-2 ft., broadly ovate, subcordate h
van, serrate or dentate or sublobed, repand, glabrous and dark-green above pr
"d MR ME an pubescent with minute branching hairs. Cymes puberulous, 1 ft. or
tla small ae tins ing. Flowers small, white. .Anthers connected. Fruit the size
dyeing. y, smooth, black, succulent.— The root is said to yield a colour fit for

Becr. II. i -- :
xuriant eie pinnate (tripinnate leaves may occasionally be found on

2. L. cinerea, Laws; i ipti
a » Laws.; leaflets 6-9 by 4-5 in. elliptic-ovate serrate-
owned repand dark-green and glabrous above pale berisi with minute
“4 ng hairs membranous, ?L. macrophylla, DO. Prodr. i. 635.
Stems e LENINSULA ; at Paulgautcherry (in Malabar?) Wight.
ceous. eaves about 2 ft.; the lower leaflet. stalks i
Upper ones sessile. Cymes and Flowers as in L. mésrophylla, : Fruit? ais des

at tha, eoriacea, Laws. ; leaflets 10 by 4} in. sessile ovate subcordate
paler b ase serrate-dentate not repand green and glabrous above rather
E eneath and pubescent with minute nearly simple hairs coriaceous.
Stems Leese ; the Concan, Stocks.
t8 herbaceous. Leaves about 2 ft. Flowers? Fruiting-cymes large and flesh
nine freely. Fruit the size of a large currant, dry.—I have. seen only a singlo

a^ L. alata, Zdgeworth in Trans, Linn. Soc, xx. 36 ; leaflets 12-14 by
Rite sessile oblong or oblong-lanceolate sharply and irregularly serrate
rate abrous on both sides shining beneath reddish. Brand. For. Fl. 102.
zm rà, Royle Ill. 145, not of Blume.
ROPICAL HIMALAYA ; from Garwhal, Falconer, to Sikkim, alt. 1-5000 ft., J. D. H.

oe herbaceous. Leaves shortly petiole’ ; petiole winged, reddish. Flowers red.
$ connate. Fruit the size of a large currant, reddish-purple, succulent.

b angustifolia, Laws. ; leaflets 1-1} ft. by 1-1 in. on stalks 1 in.
-Subulate acuminate subcordate at the base distantly serrate glabrous

on both sides,

kev, at Rangoon, M Lelland.
s herbaceous. Leaves shortly petioled, about 24 ft., pale glaucous-green.
ers? Fruiting-cymes rather small though freely branching. Fruit the size of a

Pea, dry.— Very closely allied to V. parallela.

bet K. crispa, Willd. Sp. Pi. L 1177;
obl oles with crisped wings, leaflets shortly stalked 4-12 by 14-33 in.
Ong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong acuminate or acute rounded at the base

ply and acutely serrate prominently penninerved, glabrous above minutely
rallel straight one

fun scent on the nerves beneath coriaceous, nerves Ta

rods to each serrature. Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 654; Wall. Cat. 6827 ; DC.
r. i. 635, L. pinnata, Andr. Bot. Rep. v. 355.

IKKIX HIMALAYA and the KHASIA Mrs., alt. 1-4000 ft,; Suner, Wallich. Assam,

y TAGONG. The Concan, Law. .
."'éms herbaceous or somewhat woody, jointed, 4-5 ft. Leaves usually quinate-
Anthers distinct. Fruit the size

mes stoutish, small; bracts minute. 2 C Z
e ctisped winged stems and petioles give to this

stems branches peduncles and

of te,
arberry, black, succulent.—Th
` * most elegant appearance.
T X. aspera, Wall. in Rozh. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 468 ; leaflets
te suddenly acuminate crenate-

666 XLIIL AMPELIDEEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [Leon

. ` . d with
errate prominent] nninerved scabrous on both sides an
piattored. white dpiróased hairs between the nerves above, ds
arallel straight one running to every other serrature. Ldgew Wall
Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 36; Brandis For. Fl. 102. 1 L. herbacea, :
Cat, 6829, and 6824 E & G (n part) under L. staphylea.

Western Tmwoprcar, HIMALAYA, from Jamu to Nipal, ascending to 6000 ft.; OUDE,
Knuaxpzmm. Wesrern Peninsuna, Wight; the Concan, Law? *

Stems herbaceous, erect, 2-4 ft., pubescent, not crisped. Leaves a rro
subcoriaceous when old. Cymes small, pubescent. Anthers distinct. i se vir
of a large currant, black, succulent.—Nearly allied to L. crispa, from whic eder Ps
always readily distinguished by the want of the crisped wings on the stems a n "
and by the white appressed hairs on the intercostal spaces. L. eaten mee
6825, belongs to Z. robusta, but the specimens in Wall. Herb. under
part are the true plant.

8. In pumila, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1872, 1i. 202 3 stai ME
rachis not winged, leaves abruptly or imparipinnate 4-5-fo ager Miss
4 in. unequal subfalcate oblong-lanceolate entire puberulous on
especially beneath chartaceous.

TENASSERM, Kurz. : ý

A small perennial herb, covered with a dense fulvous or o peerage
Rachis and cymes ferruginously tomentose. Flowers small, in punte thinly hirsute.
paniculate cymes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals ciliate and — y description is

etals broadly oblong, ciliate. Squam« bifid woolly within.—The above € ;

L.
taken from Kurz, I have seen no specimen. It would appear to be allied te
a.

9. L. trifoliata, Laws.; young parts very slightly pubes k oen
glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate leaflets shortly stalked 2-8 by 4- es slightly
subacuminate sharply serrate very thin and membranous, nerv
arcuate one running to every other serrature.

Assam, Jenkins, &c.; Buoran, Booth; Misuwr nis, Griffith. + the size

A small rather wiry plant, 1-2 ft. Cymes small. Anthers eng ait nd
of a currant, black, dry.—Closely allied to L. aspera, but wanting ew
the intercostal spaces, and differing apparently greatly in habit.

‘ found
. Secor. IL. Leaves 2-3-pinnate (pinnate leaves may be occasionally
in young or starved plants),

* Leaves glabrous,

lan-

10. A. parallela; leaflets 6-10 by 1-2 in. very shortly Legio
ceolate or oblong-lanceolate sharply serrate drying a pale glau

Assam, Jenkins; Bima, Roxburgh. - sub-

Shrubby? whole plant "quite glabrous, Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, pem
coriaceous. Flowers small, glabrous; peduncles long. | Cymes fee Y angustif i
Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a pea, dry.—Very closely allied to d larger C
differing only in the shorter broader and more sharply toothed leaves, an

in. nar-
11. L. sambucina, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1177 ; leaflets 2-10 by ie. ‘serrate
rowly-lanceolate to ovate-oblong or oblong acute oF aama o, Prodr. k
shining drying black. Roxb. FL Tad. À. 657 ; Wall Cat, 6823; For. Fl. 10%
635; Grif. Notul. iv. 698 ; lo. Pl. Asiat. 644, t. i.; Brand. Pr. p am,
L. æquata, Wall. Cat. 6824 d (not of DC.). L. acuminata, "urs in Journ:
L. gigantea, Griff. Notul, iv. 697. L, læta, Wall. Cat. 6831 ; Lave
As. Soc. . 1872, ñ. 65. L. ottilis, DC. Prodr. i 1873) ii. 66.
sanguinea, Wall. Cat, 6824 M.; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

Leea.] XLIH. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) 607

L. Staphylea, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 658; W. & A. Prodr. 132; Wall. Cat. 6824
Tee and g; Wight Ic. 78; IU. i. 58; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 41;
wawes Enum. 64. Aquilicia sambucina, Linn. Mant. 211; Cav, Diss, 7,
t. 218. A. ottilis, Gertn, Fruct. i, 275, Gilibertia nalugu, DC. Prodr. iv.
P Gustonia nalugu Spreng. Syst. ii. 440. Ottilis zeyla nica, @@ertn.
ruct. i, t. 57., Staphylea indica, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 24, f. 9, —Rheede Hort.
Mal. ii. 43, t. 26.
Common throughout the hotter parts of Inpra, from the HrwALAYA as far west as
umaon, to Birma, and southwards to Ceyron and Maracca.—Disrmm. Malay
Islands, China, Philippine Islands, Australia.
Stems shrubby, wit straight branches. Leaves pinnate or tripinnate often 31 by
ft. ; leaflets stalked, very variable in size and shape; nerves arcuate. Flowers
greenish- white. Anthers connate. Fruit the size of a small cherry, dry.— Wight and
zmolt discriminate two varieties, depending for their characters upon the texture of
k eir leaves, the size of their flowers, and the nature of the staminal-tubes; but the
f asitional conditions between them are so numerous that they cannot be maintained.
L equata, DC. Prodr, i. 635, with pubescent stems and leaves, belongs probably to
` hirta or L. robusta. A specimen of Griffith's, from Assam, with oblong acuminate
"i and finely serrate leaflets and prominent parallel straight nerves, is probably
ct.

** Leaves pubescent.

. 12. u. integrifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i 659; leaflets 6-8 by 2-3in.
linear-lanceolate or lanceolate acuminate entire or very slightly serrate
abrous above slightly downy beneath. W. & A. Prodr. 132.

Western PExrINsULA ; moist valleys in the Circars, Roxburgh.

Subarboreons. Leaves supra-decompound, about 30 in. both ways. Cymes supra-
mpound, large, subcorymbose. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx. Staminat-
cylindric, the grooves running almost to the line of union with the corolla. Lobes

Wo ginate, Anthers oblong, pointed, connate.—I have seen no specimen, neither had
ight and Arnott, whose emended description of Roxburgh I follow.

13, L. robusta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 655 ; leaflets 6-12 by 23-6 in. ovate or
9vate-lanceolate cuspidate serrate glabrous above pubescent on the veins
heath, cymes compact, bracts large persistent. W. & A. Prodr. 132;
all. Cat, 6826. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, in part. L. compactiflora,
Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, ii. 65.
Stkxm HruarAvA and Knasra Mrs.,alt. 1-5000 ft., H. f. & T. ; MARTABAN, Kurz;
Western Penrnsuxa, in the Northern Circars, Roxburgh.
large fobust shrub, 5-6 ft. Stems stout, the older parts glabrous, the younger
Covered with a harsh coarse short pubescence. Leaves 1-8 ft. long, often broader.

acts 4-1 in., lanceolate. Flowers larger than in the other species. Anthers connate.
Fruit b| i all cherry.—Although Roxburgh describes the
re eucclent, the sie of Denote s linear and Yasa I believe that tbis

mes as supra-decompound and the bracts as

€ species he intended.
l4 L. diffusa, Laws; young parts covered with a short thin
Pübescence, leaflets 5-12 by 23 in. shortly stalked acuminate serrate dark-
n above with a few white appressed hairs of the intercostal spaces at
h glabrous paler and pubescent on the nerves beneath, cymes very large

and diffuse, bracts minute caducous. L. aspera, Wall. Cat. 6825, «n part.
rar, Wallich. Kuasta Mrs, alt. 2-3000 ft., H. f. d T. TaxassERIM or ANDA-
mie i slender branches than in L. robusta. Leaves

A so i
thin ater debe a ae -Authers. connate.. Fruit ?—It would seem

668 XLIII. AMPELIDEX. (M. A. Lawson.) [ Leea.

as though Roxburgh, in his description of the cymes of L. robusta, had taken his cha-
racters from specimens belonging to this species,

15. Zn hirta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 655; branches and leaves hairy, leaflets
4-12 by 2-4 in. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate harsh and
scabrous above hairy beneath, cymes very short and compact, bracts 1ncon-
spicuous. Wall. Cat. 6822. L. scabra, Steud. ii. 21.

Sixxim HIMALAYA, Assam, SiLaer, the Kaasta Mrs, East BENGAL, CHITTAGONG,
Prev, and the ANDAMAN İsLANDS.—DISTRIB. Java.

Shrubby, with coarse subscabrous branches and petioles. Veins arched. | Cymes
2-5 in., very compact, densely hirsute. Flowers large. Anthers connate. Fruit si
size of a currant, black, dry ?—Readily known from L. robusta by its abundant an
harsh pubescence and inconspicuous bracts ; and from L. diffusa by its very short
compact cymes.

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. Š

Lera CORDATA, Wall. Cat. 6019, appears to be a Vitis near V. pallida; the speci-
men is insufficient. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, pt. 2, 66, refers it doubtfully ,
to a form of V. Linnæi.

Lera ODONTOPHYLLA, Wall. Cat. 6820 (leaves only), is probably a Vitis, allied to
V. latifolia.

Oxver XLIV. SAPINDACEZJE. (By W. P. Hiern, M.A.)

Trees, shrubs, or rarely stout or wiry herbs. Leaves alternate OT i
commonly opposite, exstipulate or occasionally stipulate, pinnate pala a
foliolate or simple; leaflets opposite or alternate, entire or dentate, pf
sionally lobed. Flowers mostly polygamo-dicecious and small, usually p°: ws
irregular or unsymmetrical. “Calyx mostly 4-5-lobed or -sepalous, o sir
unequally so, imbricate or valvate in the bud, Petals free, equal or uneq
usually 4-5 or 0, the fifth sometimes deficient, flat or in one genus ee
shaped, often bearded or squamate at the base within. Disk annular w
unilateral, rarely in flowers deficient. Stamens 5-10, inserted a eee
disk at the base of the ovary or outside or on the disk, sometimes unilater@ ;
anthers 2-celled, basifixed or versatile; filaments often pubescent, 3 "ded
always free. Ovary centric or excentric, entire or lobed or sometimes divi le
nearly to the base, 1-4-celled ; cells 1-2- or rarely more -ovuled. Sty/esimP'*
or divided, usually terminal ; stigma usually simple. Ovules anatropous ins
pylotzopous or amphitropous, usually 1 or 2 together, occasionally more

xed to the axis of the ovary, ascending. Fruit capsular or indes
entire or lobed, sometimes winged. Seeds globose or com ressed, ari ally
or naked, exalbuminous or in some genera albuminous. mbryo usu
thick, sometimes plicate or spirally convolute.—DisTRiB. About 400 to
species scattered over the whole world, especially abundant bes: by
tropics ; 83 occur in Australia; 37 in Tropical Africa; 20 are e
Boissier in the “ Flora Orientalis."

Tree I. Sapindes. Stamens inserted inside the disk, sometime
w iatera, Seeds exalbuminous, Leaves exstipulate, alternate or 1n
opposite.

Flowers irregular. Disk unilateral or very oblique,
ue soltuzy. M A alternate, not digitate.
Tu i i
| hi perge ated, povis or pyriform. Umm mae 1. CARDIOSPERMUM: -

. . . . . . . . . . id °

XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W.P. Hiern.) 669

Fruit indehiscent, not divided into lobes. Leaves pinnate. 2. Hemieyrosa,
Fruit deeply divided into 3 1-indehiscent lobes. Leaves
pinnate or 3—1-foliolate.
Leaves pinnate. Flowers not very small,

Lobes of fruit globose . . .' . . . . . . + . 8. DITTELASMA.
Lobes of fruit oblong . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Ent0GLOSSUM.
aves 3- or 1-foliolate. Flowers very small . . . . 5. ALLOPHYLUS.
Ovules 2 together. Leaves opposite, digitate. . . . 6. ZEscuLus.
owers regular. Disk annular.
Fruit without wide membranous wings.
Ovules solitary. Fruit not inflated.
Petals each forming a turbinatecup . . . . . . . 7. SCYPHOPETALUM.
Petals flat, with or without scales at the base.
Fruit capsular . . . . + + + + . . . . . 8 CUPANIA

Fruit indehiscent,
Fruit not deeply lobed.
Sepals widely imbricated.
owest pair of leaflets not stipuliform . . . 9. LEPISANTHES,
Lowest pair of leaflets stipulitorm . . . . . 10. Orornona.
Calyx small; lobes valvate or slightly imbricated.
Petals 0. Fruit ovoid. . . . . . . . . 11. SCHLEICHERA.
Petals 5. Fruit globose . . . . . . . . 12. GLENNIEA.
Fruit deeply divided into 3-1 lobes.
Bepals widely imbricated.

ruit smooth . . . » 18. SAPINDUS.

Fruit muricated . . 14. XEROSPERMUM.

Calyx valvate or slightly imbricated.
Flowers usually panicled and not fascicled ;
fruit muricated or tubercled or obsoletely so . 15. NEPmeLIUM.
Flowers fascicled. Fruit smooth . . . . . 16. Pomeria,
Oxules 2 together. Capsule inflated . . 17. HARPULLIA.
Fruit with 3-2 broad membranous wings .. . 18. ZOLLINGERIA.

Tre II. Acerinese. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted on the disk.
Lobes of the fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite,

exstipulate.
Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 together. Fruit consisting of a double

samara . . . . . kk te ee et . . . 19. ACER.
Ovary 1-celled ; ovules solitary. Fruit borne on widely bracteated
Pedicels S + , k , k k + s k ee ee + 20 DOBINEA.

Tree III. Dodonæeæ, Flowers regular. Stamens inserted outside the
disk, Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.

21. Dopox za.
Trier IV. Melianthess. Flowers irregular. _ Stamens inserted inside
the disk, Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, stipulate.

#21. MELIANTHUS.

Tree V. Staphylese. Flowers regular. Stamens inserted outside the
disk. „Seeds albuminous, Leaves opposite, stipulate.

Fnit capsular, inflated. Flowers }in.Jong . . . -
Fruit in ehiscent, more or less fleshy. Flowers small .

1. CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn.

"Climbing herbs with wiry stems and branches, alternate exstipulate
leaves, sasana coarsely dentate leaflets, axillary racemes, lowest pair of

. 99. SrTAPHYLEA.
. 23. TURPINIA.

670 XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W. P. Hiern.) [Cardiospermum.

pedicels developed into spiral tendrils, and irregular polygamo-dicaclons
flowers. Sepals 4, concave, the 2 outer ones small. Petals 4, in pairs, the
2 greater lateral usually adhering to the sepals each with an ontarg nat
scale above the base, the two smaller inferior remote from the stamens eac
furnished with a small crested scale. Disk unilateral, wavy, almost redu
to 2 round or linear glands opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8, excen-
tric ; filaments free or connate at base; the 4 nearest to the glands shorter
than the rest. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, trifid ; ovules solitary, ascending.
Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, inflated, loculicidal ; valves membranous, veiny.
Seeds globose, usually arillate at the base, exalbuminous, testa crustaceous ;
cotyledons large, transversely conduplicate.—Disrrrp, Several species,
mostly occurring in 'l'ropical America and a few in Tropical Africa.

For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notule, iv. p. 546. %

C. Schmiedelia and C. villosa, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FÌ, 34, are clearly meant to
Schmiedelia villosa, Roxb.

W. £ A. Prodr. i. 109; Wall. Cat. 8030; Grif. Notul. iv. 546, Ic. Pl. aer
iv. t. 599, f. 3; Stewart Punjab Pl. 31; Dalz. d: Gibs. Bomb. Fl. t
Wight Ic, t 508 ; Thwaites Enum. 54; Roxb. Fl. Ind, ñ. 292; Bot. Mag.

1049; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 28; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 945; Baker m Utt»

Throughout Ixora, from the N.W, Frontier to Cerros and MALACCA.—DISTE
Most tropical and subtropical countries. Leaves

Annual or perhaps in some cases perennial. Branches slender, furrowed. ries
deltoid or ovate, 14-3 in.; leaflets deeply cut. Flowers white, k in. Frut + n
wide, broadly pyriform. Seeds officinal? Root aperient. — The form with sma d
obversely deltoid capsule (C. microcarpum), being connected with the type by co
tinuous links, does not appear to me to be a distinct species.

2. C. canescens, Wall. Pl. As, Rar. i. 14, t. 14; pale, softly pubescens
leaflets short, flowers of moderate size. W. £ A. Prodr, i, 109; Wig 1%
t. 74; Wall. Cat. 8032; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 418, ype
1 C. ovatum, Wall. Cat. 8031. C. pubescens, Grif, Journ. 108, not of L ih

Birma, Wallich, Grifith. Western Peninsula, from the Concan and Circars "
wards.—Disrris. Abyssinia. in.

Annual. Branches 5-furrowed. Leaves patent, triangular, 2-3 in. Flowers DR

Fruit nearly globose, 1-1} in.—C. ovatum deviates somewhat from the type 1
direction of the previous species,

2. HEMIGYROSA, Blume.

Trees with alternate exstipulate abruptly pinnate pallid, leaves, per
entire coriaceous oblong much reticulated leaflets, short pedicels eget”
at the base and crowded polygamo-moncecious irregular flowers on vw
racemes arranged in axillary panicles. Sepals 5, erect, concave, ihe tire oF
ones smaller. Petals 4-5, concave, shaggy at the claw, with an ws h
bifid or crested and hooded. scale inserted at the claw within; mount
petal equal minute or obsolete. Disk unilateral, cushion-shaped. a base
or in d flowers 6-10, ascending, somewhat unilateral, inserted at scarcely
of the ovary within the disk; filaments pilose; anthers not or

Hemigyrosa.] XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W.P. Hiern.) 671

exserted. Ovary excentric, turbinate-trigonous, 3-celled ; stigma trigonous,

blunt; ovule solitary. Fruit indehiscent, thickly coriaceous fleshy or

Woody, trigonous or globose, hairy, 3-celled; cells hairy inside, Seeds

oblong, exalbuminous, exarillate, testa coriaceous; cotyledons fleshy,

equal.—DisrRIB. A few species, confined to the tropics of the old world.
The venation of the leaflets is similar to that of the leaves of Diospyros Embryopteris,
ers.

1, H. deficiens, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 231; leaflets 8-14 opposite sub-
Opposite or alternate oblong glabrous shining, racemes solitary crowded or
panicled axillary or scattered along the boughs shortly tomentose, petals
4-5 crenulate or subentire, scales entire half the length of the petals, bracts
Ovate small, flowers fascicled. Sapindus? deficiens, W. € A. Prodr. i. 111.
Anomosanthes deficiens, Blume Rumph. ii. 151; Benth, & Hook. f. Gen.
Pl. i. 402; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxxii.

Wesrern PENrNSULA, Courtallam, Cochin, Travancor, Tinnevelley Ghats, and Anna-
mallay hills, alt. 2-5000 ft.

A middle-sized or small tree. Bark slightly tinged with red. Leaves 1-2 feet
long; leaflets 5-9 by 1}-24 in. Inflorescence 2-24 in. Flowers $-] in. Stamens 8-10,
rarely only 6 in male flowers; 8 in female flowers, according to Beddome. Fruit
Wiknown.—No specimens from Ceylon, as stated by Wight IU. i. 141.

2. H. canescens, Thwaites Enum. 56, 408; leaflets 2-8, mostly oppo-
te elliptic-oblong ovate or lanceolate glabrous shining, racemes simple or
panicled axillary or scattered over the branches shortly tomentose, brac-
teoles mostly subulate, flowers fascicled, petals with short cut scales at
base. Bedd. Fl. Sylv, t. 151. H. trichocarpa, Thwaites Lc. ; Bedd, Anal.
Gen. lxxi. Molinza canescens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 43, t. 60; Fl. Ind. ii. 243.
Sapindus tetraphylla, Vahl Symb. iii. 54; Wall. Cat. 8040, S. bijugus, Wall.
Cat. 8045. Cupania canescens, Pers Syn. Pl. i. 413; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI.
29; W. & A. Prodr. i. 113; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35. Cupania (sp.)
Wall. Cat. 9034. Cupania (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.

| Tenasserm and Bra, Wallich, Helfer; Western PENINSULA, from the Concan
southwards ; common on the east side of the Madras Presidency. CEYLON, near Kanally.
. À shrub or good sized tree, with a trunk of considerable size but not straight. Bark
luereous. Leaves 5-22 in. ; leaflets usually obtuse or emarginate, occasionally acute,
23-10 by 3-5 in. ; petiolules rugose, 1-3 in. long, slightly fuscous. Inflorescence shorter
than the leaves. | Flowers white, 1] in. Fruit subglobose or 3-sided, tomentose, 4-1
m. thick, ochre-coloured.— The pulpy mesocarp resembles an aril.

3. H. longifolia, Hiern. ; leaflets 6 opposite or subopposite oblong
shortly acuminate acute glabrous shining base obtuse, racemes short
Solitary crowded or branched axillary or supra-axillary, flowers tomentose,

Scale of petals short shaggy flat entire or bifid.

Matacca, Grifith, Maingay. .
oung parts Pene j^. fruit velvety. Leaves 2-2] ft. ; rachis velvety or
obsoletely so; leaflets 12-15 by 2}-3§ in.; petiolules 3-4 in. obsoletely velvety. In-
cence 2-3 in.; flowers 4 in.; bracteoles subulate, }-ġ in. Petals 5, obovate,
long. Fruit 1 in. long and broad, trigonous, with 3 broad shallow furrows, setose;

Sete flexuose, tomentose.
3. DITTELASMA, Hook. f.
xstipulate, leaflets subopposite or

A tree, Leaves alternate, pinnate, e
alternate, quite entire, anicles terminal, bracteate. lowers pale,

.

)

672 "XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W.P. Hiern.) [ Dittelasma.

polygamo-moneecious. „Sepals quincuncial, oblong, rounded at apex, rather
unequal. Petals 4, erect, oblong, concave, tomentose outside, the place of
the fifth vacant ; scale as large as the petal, obovate-oblong, densely shaggy-
crested incurved and cohering at apex, inserted near the base of the petal
and closely applied to its lamina. Disk semilunate-annular, much wider
towards one side, glabrous. Stamens 8, inserted around the base of the
ovary, equal; filaments shaggy, slender at the tip ; anthers small, shortly
exserted. Ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous, 3-lobed, 3-celled, contracted at
the apex into short erect style, stigma shortly 3-lobed; ovules solitary in
the cells of the ovary. Fruit 1-3-coccous, 2 segments usually smaller or
obsolete, subglobose, rather fleshy, indehiscent. Seed globose, exarillate, ex-
albuminous; testa very thick, bony, embryo curved, cotyledons large
unequal incurved ; radicle short, incumbent.—DIsTRIB. A monotypic genus.

l D. Rarak, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 396; leaflets
14-26 usually lanceolate-acuminate delicately veined base oblique shortly
petioluled, inflorescence erect ovoid-pyramidal shorter than or about
equalling the leaves. Sapindus Rarak, DC’. Prodr. i. 608; Blume Rumph. ii.
93, t. 167. 18, pinnatus, Mill. Gard. Dict. No. 3. S. saponaria, Lour. Fi,
Cochinch. 238 (not of Linn. —Rumph. Herb. Amboin. ii. 134.

Mazacca, Grifith, Maingay. (Ceylon, introduced.)—Disrai. Cochin-china, Java,
Seychelles (introduced).

Trunk rising 50-60. ft., terete, covered with a glabrous tenacious smooth bark.
Leaves ranging up to 1} ft., pari- or imparipinnate; petiole not winged; leaflets 2-42
by 3-14 in., glabrous. Panicle 6-14 in. tawny-velvety. Flowers + in., tomentose,
white or pale. Fruit 3-2 in. i

4 ERIOGLOSSUM, Blume.

Erect trees or shrubs eaves odd-pinnate, exstipulate, alternate.
Leaflets opposite or subopposite, entire. Panicles terminal, erect,
the white irregular polygamo-dicecious flowers on elongated branches.
Sepals 5, unequal, orbicular, concave, broadly imbricated, the two —
ones smaller. Petals 4, unequal, obovate, clawed, the place of the 6
vacant, scale hairy, hooded, with an apical lobed appendage. x
sided, lobed. Stamens 8, more or less turned to one side, rather uneg je
filaments hairy. Ovary stipitate, obcordate, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; sty
slender, stigma obscurely 3-lobed ; ovules solitary in the cells of the ovary
Fruit 1-3-lobed to the base; segments oblong, indehiscent, die
Seeds oblong, exarillate, exalbuminous, testa membranous ; em sát
straight ; cotyledons thick.—Distrip. Species 2, one of which is at presen
known to occur only in Senegambia.

For the morphology of the flower in this genus, see Griffith Notul. iv. 549.

1. E. edule, Blume Bijdr. 229 ; Rumphia iii. 119, t. 166 ; leaflets tn
elliptic- or ovate-oblong often acuminate shortly pubescent at least on ^.
veins beneath, base usually oblique obtuse shortly petioluled, flowe
crowded, Benth. Fl. Austral. i. 454, E. rubiginosum, Brand. For. 4
Moulinsia cupanioides, Cambess in Mém. Mus. Par. xviii. 27, 40 £A
Sapindus rubiginosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 44, t. 62 ; Fl. Ind. ii, 2825 P. 1 iv,
Prodr. i. 112 ; Grah. Cat, Bomb. Pt, 29; Wall. Cat. 8041; Grif. Note iii
548 ; Dalz. 4; Gibs, Bomb. Fl, Suppl. 14; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. P
Ñ. fraxinifolius, DC. Prodr.i 608. S. edulis, Blume Cat. Buitenz. ‘Herb.
rubiginosa, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 667. S. alternifolius and longifolius, Tc. 89.
Hamált. ex W. & A. lee. 3 Wail. Cat, 8041 D, 8046. S. pinnatus, Rosh.

Erioglossum.| XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W.P. Hiern.) 673

Sixx HIMALAYA, Assam, Oupa, Eastern PxxiNsULA, from Birma to Penang and

alacca, Western Peninsula from the Godavery southwards.—Disrxis. Widely spread
over the Indian Archipelago, and N.W. coast of Australia.

A large timber tree or shrub, with the shoots petioles and inflorescence ferruginous-
pubescent. Leaves about 1-2 ft.; leaflets 3-15 by 1-34 in. Flowers sweet-scented,
shortly pedicelled in small clusters, on elongated spike-like racemes, arranged in a
panicle. Fruit } in.—Wood useful, strong, and durable, chocolate coloured in the
centre. In Linnzus' Herbarium this species is named Sapindus Saponaria.

5 ALLOPHYLUS, Linn.

Small trees or shrubs. Leaves 1- or 3-foliolate, exstipulate, leaflets entire
or serrate. acemes simple or branched axillary. Flowers small, polygamo-
dicecious, globose, shortly pedicelled, white or yellowish. Sepals, 4 in
Opposite pairs, hooded, membranous, widely imbricated ; the two outer
Ones smaller. Petals 4, the place of the 5th vacant, small (or obsolete),
sometimes declinate, naked inside or usually furnished with a shaggy scale
above the claw. Disk one-sided, usually with 4 glands opposite the petals.
Stamens 8, inserted on the receptacle inside the disk. Ovary usually
2lobed and 2-celled; ovules in the cells solitary. Fruit indehiscent
usually 1—7-lobed ; lobes subglobose, fleshy or dry. Seeds usually with a
short fleshy aril; embryo curved; cotyledons plicate.—DrsTRiB. A large
chiefly tropical American genus ; about 12 species occur in tropical Africa,
others in South Africa, the Mascarine Islands, Madagascar, &c., and several

In the Indian Archipelago.

Secr. I. Leaves unifoliolate.

l. A. zeylanicus, Linn. Nov. Pl. Gen. in Amoen, Acad, i. 398 (1747) ;
leaves unifoliolate ovate oblong or obovate more or less acuminate, racemes
Simple or slightly branched. Schmidelia Allophylus, DC. Prodr. i. 611.
Arn. in. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. 326 ; Thwaites Enum, 55; Bedd. Ic. Pi.
Ind. Or, t. 986. S. bidentata, Wall, Cat. 8062, Ornitrophe Allophylus,

ers. Syn. PI, i. 412,

Bixer HIMALAYA, alt. 1-3000 ft. Assam. CAcHAR. CEYLON. . .

. À shrub or small tree with terete branches. Leaves 14-16 by 4-73 in.; petioles 1-3
m. Racemes 1-9 in. Flowers }-& in. diam. Fruit globose, red,—A variable spe-
ces, the principal forms of which may be indicated as follows; intermediate forms exist

in Some eases, . : 1 S
Van. 1. acuminata ; glabrous, leaves quite entire ovate, racemes rather long. S.
acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 55; Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. On. t. 287.— Ceylon. Assam
AR. 2, assamica; glabrous, leaves quite entire oblong, racemes short. t.
AR. 3. hispida; branches midrib and margins of leaf hispid. S. hispida, Thwaites,

le; Bedd. Fl Sylv. t. 152.—Ceylon. .
Van. 4, variam H leaves small S bovate toothed widely repand denticulate suhooria-
Ceous, racemes rather elongated. . S. varians, Thwaites Enum. 408 ; Bedd. Ic. Pi. Ind.
. t. 288. . :
kaak 5. Thwaitesii ; leaves 6-10 in. obovate toothed widely repand denticulate or
thed subcori t.—Ceylon.
hed subcoriaceous, racemes short.—Cey lon, or widely repand denticulate, submem-

Var. 6. difolia ; leaves obovate toot pang
branous, Schmidelia, sp. 10, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.—Sikkim, Assam, Cachar.

Becr. IT. Leaves trifoliolate. VOR
2. A. Cobbe, Blume Rumph. iii. 131 ; leaves trifoliolate, leatiets obovate
vate or lanceolate mostly acuminate hairy or glabrous subcoriaceous entire
€ntate or serrate, racemes simple, flowers irregular, petals sometimes

linate. Rhus Cobbe, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 267. Ornitrophe Cobbe,

VOL. 1. :

074 XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Allophylus.

oe . . Fl.
‘Ud. Sp. Pl, ii. 322; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 268. Usubis triphylla, Burm.

Virg i 32, f. 1. O. Schmiedelia, Pers. Syn. 1. 412. Schmidelia, Kobbe,
Lamk. HL ii. 443, t. 312, f. 2. S. Cobbe, DC. Prodr. i. 610 EE
Prodr. 109; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 29; Wight Ill. i. 141; Wight e t
964, ; Thwaites Enum. 55. Toxicodendrum Cobbe, Grin. Frac. i. 20 i
44, f.5. ©. serrata, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t.61; Fi. Ind. ii. 266. 8. m B
DU. Lc; Wight Il. i. 141; W. & A. Prodr. 110; Benth. Fl. Austral. i,
455; Wall. Cat. 8061 (O. malabarica, Hb. Madr.) 8. racemosa, d
Mant. 67; Wall. Cat. 8059. O. Aporetica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 E^
Ind. ii. 964. Aporetica ternata, J. R. & G. Forst. Charact. Gen. T
t. 66. O. villosa, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. lc. 265. S. villosa, f (o
Ic. t. 401 ; Thwaites l.c.; Wall. Cat. 8060. S. Rheedii, Wight Ic. t. 904 ; T
Neilgh. Bot. 33. O. glabra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28 ; FI. Ind. Le, ; n
Allophyllus lanatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 88; Fl. Ind. ii. 263. 8. distac Nya
DC. Le. 610. S. Aporetica, Wall. Cat. 8053; Kurz in Journ. As, E
Beng. 1870, ii. 74. S. glabra, Wall.Cat. 8057 ; Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ih aes
Pometia ternata, (Z. Forst. Fl. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 74 (1786). 1 8. dente a
Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 93. Schmidelia (Allophyllus | ornitror
hioides, Herb. Roxb.) ; Wall. Cat. 8055. S. adenophylla, Wall. Cat. : lis .
3 vestita, Wall. Cat, 8066. S. timorensis, DC. Prodr. i. 611. ®©. orient n?
Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. 666. S. ternata, Cambess. in Mém. Mus. Par. ziii, i
O. asiatica, Hort. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 230.—Rheede Hort. Mal. v. t. 25.

WESTERN
Assam, SILHET, Biema, and southwards through the EAsrERN PENINSULA. |
PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. CevLon.—Disreie. N. Australia, Indian
Archipelago, &c. . J

A a tree, or on the low lands and near the coast a shrub, sometimes of conti
derable size with a climbing habit. Bark grey or purple, spotted. Leaves very Mon
able in size, shape, margin, and surface. Leaflets 1-10 by 4-4 in.; terminal petah mi
ranging up to 1 in., lateral ones very short. Inflorescence 3-9 in. ; flowers yel O cl is
white, clustered, small; pedicels short. ruit red, shining, globose, } in— The at &
said to be astringent ; the ripe fruits are eaten by the natives. According to 4 da:
Arnott in their Prodromus, Allophyllus ternatus, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 232 (7 ah
chinchinensis, D C. Lc. 611), and Gemella trifolia, Lour. lc. 649 (= S. Gemella, Cam.
l.c.) appear to belong to this plant.

An exceedingly variable species, widely spread in India and the Archipelago, ad
perhaps extending to Africa and America. "The following is a rough key to the p
cipal forms, which are, however, connected by various intermediate links :—

Racemes simple, solitary. Petals somewhat declinate.

Leaflets oval or ovate.

Glabrescent or'somewhat hairy.

.

Leaflets crenate-dentate. Bracts short . . . . . . + + + T apemon.
Leaflets serrate-denticulate. Bracts subulate . . . . . . . serratus.
Shoots and leaves very hairy . . . . . . . . . . + + * villosus.
Leaflets oval-oblong or lanceolate acuminate. b
Leaflets subentire or serrulate. Bractsshort . . . . . gla erio a.
Leaflets acutely serrate. Bracts long, linear. . . . . . + + Apore
Racemes simple, 2 together. Petals not declinate, but the place of the — ji
fifth petal vacant . . . . + + + + +s Ñ * ° distac y y
Racemes branched, solitary . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Rheedu.

EXCLUDED SPECIES OF ALLOPHYLUS (Schmidelia).

ALLOPHYLUS PINNATUS, Roxb. Ic. t. 1407, is Otophora fruticosa, Blume.
Scumipetia (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8056, is probably Walsura villosa, Wall.
S. (Oxnirropne) raeripissima, Wall. Cat. 8064. Cfr. Gynocardia.

S. mreezrrima, Wall. Cat. 8005, is Evodia Roxburghiana, Benth.

Eseulus.] XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W.P. Hiern.) 675

6. ZSCULUS, Linn.

Trees and shrubs with scaly buds. eaves opposite, digitate, deciduous,
exstipulate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, serrate. Panicles terminal, thyrsoid.
Flowers large, polygamous, irregular. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5- cleft
or -dentate, deciduous, with unequal imbricated lobes, Petals 4-5, unequal,
clawed, without scales, imbricated, exceeding the calyx. Disk annular or
unilateral, lobed or entire. Stamens 5-8, usually 7, inserted within the
disk, free. Ovary sessile, 3-celled. Style elongated, slender; stigma
simple. QOvules 2 in each cell of the ovary, superposed, Fruit capsular,
1-3-celled ; valves loculicidal, coriaceous ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds subglobose,
exalbuminous, with a broad hilum; testa coriaceous; cotyledons thick,
corrugated, conferruminated.—Distris. About 14 species, natives mostly
of the temperate parts of Asia and America,

4E. Hippocastanum, Linn. is said to be indigenous in North India, but it is not
now known in the wild state. See Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 497.

1. EE. (Pavia) indica, Colebr. in Wall. Cat. 1188; leaflets usually 7
acuminate delicately serrate submembranous distinctly petioluled, panicles
oblong nearly equalling or exceeding the leaves, flowers secund. Camb. in
Jacy. Voy. Bot, 31, t. 35; Bot. Mag. t. 5117; Brand, For. Fl. 103, t. 19;
Royle Ill. 135 ; Stew. Punjab Pl. 31.
ai ESTERY HIMALAYA, alt. 4-10,000 ft. from the Indus to Nipal.—Disrmis. Affgha-

n.

A fine tree of 60-70 ft. in height and 10-15 in girth, with glabrous terete branches.
ves glabrous; leaflets unequal, the terminal one 5-9 by 14-3 in., the lateral ones
smaller; common petiole 3-6 in., thickened at the base, sulcate above; petiolules
Tab to Zin. Calyx tubular, § in. long, frequently splitting as the flowers open;
lobes short, rounded. Petals 4, white with red and yellow, the place of the fifth-vacant.
psule ovoid or subpyriform, reddish-brown, without spines, rather rough, 1-2 in. long.
dark.—The interior of the seeds is eaten in the Himalayas, according to Dr.
yle, in time of famine ; cattle habitually eat them. The bark peels off in long strips ;
the wood is light-coloured and easily worked. The fruit is officinal, being applied ex-

ternally for rheumatism. The leaves are lopped for winter fodder in the Himalaya.

2. Æ, (Pavia) punduana, Wall. Cat. 1189; leaflets 6-7 acuminate
delicately serrate subcoriaceous shortly petioled, panicles narrowly Jan-
ceolate nearly equalling the leaves, lower pedicels longer, Æ. asamicus,
Grif. Journ. 69, 75, 80, 122. P. khassyana, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 97.

Trorican Sixx HiuaLaxa, J. D. H. Kuasia Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft. Assam
and Birwa.—Duisrris, Siam.

A tree with glabrous terete branches. Leaves glabrous ; leaflets unequal, the ter-
mina] one 8-15 by 24-5 in., the lateral ones smaller; common petiole 74-12 in. ; petio-
"i i-iin. Calyx tubular, } in.; lobes short, rounded at apex. Petals 4, white and

ow.

7. SCYPHOPETALUM, Hiern.

A small tree. Leaves alternate exstipulate unequally pinnate; leaf-
lets opposite, Flowers panicled, regular, hermaphrodite, 4-6-merous.
yx deeply lobed, hemispherical; lobes ovate, somewhat imbricated in
the bud. Petals shorter than the calyx, without scales, very shortly
wed, each forming a wide short turbinate somewhat compressed cup,
brous outside, hirsute inside. Stamens 7-6, inserted within the short
anular glabrous disk, scarcely exserted, glabrous; filaments subulate-

linear, curved near the apex; anthers short, 2-celled, fixed by the base.
xx

676 XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) [Sceyphopetalun.

Ovary hairy, subsessile, 3-celled, entire; ovules solitary ; style obsclifes
stigma blunt—Duisrriz. A monotypic genus peculiar by the cup-shap
petals.

1. S. ramiflorum, Hiern ; leaflets 9 oblong obtuse or subacuminate
coriaceous glabrescent base somewhat narrowed shortly petioluled, panicles
from the old wood short, pedicels equalling or rather exceeding the
flowers.—Sapindacea, Griff. Journ. 83.

Birma ; hilly woods in the Hookhoom valley, Griffith (Kew distrib. 985). leaflets

Branches reddish. Leaves 1 ft., pallid in the dry state; petioles 2 1n. ; Nea
shining above, 4-8 by 14-24 in.; petiolules 1 in., puberulent ; lateral veins aba +
each side of midrib, alternate. Panicles 24-3 in. diam. Flowers § in. wide, shorty
pubescent. Petals flesh-coloured.

8. CUPANTA, Plum.

Trees or tall shrubs. eaves alternate, exstipulate in most cases aemper
pinnate ; leaflets entire, subcoriaceous. Panicles axillary and subter uo

racteoled. Flowers nearly regular, polygamo-dicecious. Calyx o » ^k
or sepals 5-4, roundish, concave, nearly valvate or imbricated in 2 TO
Petals 5-4 or obsolete, with or without 1-2 bilobed or entire scales at
inside. Disk regular or unequally thickened, annular, glabrous, pes
Stamens 7-10, rarely fewer, inserted within the disk, included or pein
usually exserted. Ovary ovoid obovoid or obcordate, 2-4-celled, vidal
or less pubescent ; ovules solitary. Fruit capsular, usually loc = or
obcordàte or pyriform, 2-4-lobed or -sided and -celled ; lobes o or
almost ftos and. divaricate, sometimes compressed. Seeds subglo thick
obong more or less covered with an aril, exalbuminous. Embryo 14 af
curved.—DisrRIB. A rather large tropical genus of both Worlds ;
them are endemic in Australia and only 1 in tropical Africa.

Sect. I. Fruit widely obcordate or, 2-3-lobed.
* Sepals 5. Lateral veins of leaflets arching, not parallel.

1. C. glabrata, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii, 303 lk
glabrescent leaflets 4-8 lanceolate or ovate-oblong acuminate subconm e
oosely but prominently reticulated base cuneate oblique, panicles he sepals
or racemes simple, flowers pentamerous, petals shorter than b ^s 989; |
Squamate, Sapindus squamosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 88; Fl, ina,
Wall. Cat. 8097. Connaracez 1, Wall. Cat. 8550. Rozb-)
Prev and MARTABAN. Penana, G. Porter—Distris. Malay Archipelago (ie and
A tree of 25-30 ft. Leaves abruptly pinnate, shortly petioled, quite gh
shining; leaflets 4-7 in. Flowers white ; pedicels yy in. Outer sepat 13 B
z£ in., glabrous outside, densely white-cottony inside. Ovary tawny-hairy. á
: Y
2. C. pallidula, Miern ; young parts tawny-pubescent, rachis of lont
not winged, leaflets 6-8 alternate or subopposite elliptic- or ov cuneate,
thinly coriaceous pallid inconspicuously veined base oblique. e hai
flowers pentamerous, sepals much imbricated, petals with a
scale on each side of base, capsule 2-3-lobed stipitate.
Matacea, Griffith, Maingay. .

E

A small tree. Branchlets terete, clothed with a very short tomentosa at
6-12 in.; leaflets 2-5 by 3-2 in., acuminate; petiolules very short, edd Jobes š ™

lowers š in. wide. Anthers small, glabrous, exserted. Capsule š i 159, from
wide, nearly glabrate.—Nearly related to C. regularis, Blume Bumy :: paler eol |
Sumatra and Borneo; but differs from it by generally smaller leaves and,

Cupania. | XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) 677

in the dry state. In Dr. Brandis’ herbarium there is a specimen from Salween, Burmah,
named C. regularis, Blume ; it is of a dusky colour with leaves 6-12 in., leaflets 4 oppo-
site 4-7 by 14-23 in., and inflorescence about 4 in.

3. C. fuscidula, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 302 (1872) ; pube-
rulent, leaflets 3-6 alternate ovate or oval obtusely subacuminate thinly
coriaceous dusky (in the dry state) above with lax not strongly marked nor
parallel reticulation base very oblique, panicles many-flowered, scales of the
petals bifid or entire not much shorter than the petals,

Tenasserim, Helfer.

A tree. Shoots shortly pubescent. Leaves 5-8 in.; rachis not winged ; leaflets 11-43

Y $-13 in.; petiolules very short. Panicles 3-4 in. long; flowers za% in. wide,
Pentandrous. Sepals imbricated. -Anthers included or not much exserted, glabrous.

4. C. pleuropteris t, Blume Rumph. iii. 158 ; rachis of leaves narrowly
winged above, leaflets 4-8 opposite or subopposite obovate or narrowly elliptic
obtusely acuminate or pointed base obliquely narrowed thinly coriaceous
glabrate or puberulent at least beneath, inflorescence shorter than the
leaves pedicels about equalling the pubescent pentamerous flowers, sepals
Unequal, petals larger furnished at the base eaéh with 2 obovate scales,
stamens inserted, capsule obcordate 2-3-lobed.

Sıxcarore, Maingay. MaLAcca, Maingay, Grifith. Pxnanc, Wallich—Disreue.

rneo, Sumatra, .
Young parts shortly tawny-pubescent. Leaves rather pallid especially beneath,
4-84 in.; leaflets 1-6 by 4-2 in. subsessile. Flowers & in. diam. Calyx persistent.
Disk glabrous, fleshy, annular. Filaments slender, pilose below. Style linear, glabrous.

Tut glabrous, stipitate, compressed, 4 in.
Var. a. p1JUGA, leaflets 4-2 glabrescent dusky.— Wall. Cat. 8094. .
Var. 8. APICULATA, leaflets 6-8 shortly pubescent beneath tawny apiculate.

** Calyx 5-cleft. Lateral veins of leaflets rather straight, subparallel.

5. C. adenophylla, Planch, mss, in Hb. Kew, ; rachis of leaves not
Winged leaflets 4-6 opposite ovate-oblong gradually acuminate thinly
oriaceous glabrous or sparingly pubescent shining base obtusely wedge-
Shaped lateral veins 9-12 subparallel clearly but not stoutly marked
beneath usually with small glands in the axils beneath, flowers tetramerous
or pentamerous, calyx cleft subvalvate, petals with 2 obovate (or 1 bilobed)
shaggy. scales at base, filaments exserted pubescent, fruit obcordate or
deeply bilobed glabrate. Sapindus adenophyllus, Wall. Cat. 8044.

TENASSERIM, at Mergui and Moulmein, Wallich, &. Matacca, Griffith.

A shrub of 10-12 ft. Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves
8-13 in. ; leaflets 3-9 by 11-23 in. ; petiolules 4-j in. Inflorescence 3—6 in. Flowers
in. wide. Anthers somewhat hairy. Style equailing the ovary. Fruit 4-% in., very
Shortly stipitate ; one lobe sometimes abortive.

Secor. II. Fruit pyriform, 3-4-sided, not lobed.

* Petals squamate at base, exceeding the calyx,

6. C. acuta, Hiern ; rachis of leaves not winged, leaflets 11-15 alter-
hate or subopposite lanceolate acuminate acute glabrous shining patent
Shortly petioluled, flowers tawny-pubescent pentamerous, etals exceeding
the calyx glabrous furnished at the base with a nearly equal densely ciliated
bipartite scale, partitions obovate diverging, stamens 8, filaments hairy
€xserted subulate below, fruit more or less pubescent tawny pyriform 3-4-

ed shortly stipitate. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat, 9036.

678 XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Cupania,

Stncarore, Wallich. Maracca, Maingay. .

Young parts aud inflorescence tawny-pubescent. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets rs
by 3-1} in.; petiolules $-] in., dark. Inflorescence about as long as the t =
about } in. wide, subvalvate. Disk fleshy, glabrous, covered with whitish wer "s
Ovary conical, tomentose, not lobed. Fruit 15-2 by 2-14 in. somewhat ter hich
valved, the junctions of the valves marked by slightly elevated grooved kee
unite at the apex of the fruit to form a short apiculus.

7. G. Jackiana, Hiern ; shining, leaflets 6 or 8 opposite or ape
elliptic shortly and obtusely acuminate base obtuse or somewha N bel
shortly petiolate, fruiting panicles shorter than the leaves, fruit bi Ages
obovoid-oblong 2- or by abortion 1-celled mucronate-cuspi s Con:
attenuate and shortly stipitate often compressed mostly 1-seeded,
narus? Jackianus, Wall. Cat. 8552.

Can Nicosar Istanxp, Jack. SE

Leafy, young parts tawny-puberulent, soon glabrescent. Upper puce
leaflets 3-6 by 14-24 in. ; lateral veins 8-10 on each side, not opposite. La: chums
the extremities of the branches; fruiting pedicels 1-4 in. Fruit 14 by jin, m soidal,
valves 2, tomentose inside; dissepiment often partly obliterated. Seed ellip
2 by 4 in., occupying the upper part of the cell; base arillate.

8. C. pentapetala, W. £ A. Prodr. 113; rachis of leaves not winged
leaflets 4-8 subopposite or alternate ovate or oblong subacuminate pe obe
labrous shining base obtuse lateral veins somewhat. arching e anicles,

owers pentamerous pubescent in racemes arranged in crowde n scales
calyx cleft subvalvate, petals small with two small glabrous moar le very
at base, filaments exserted pubescent, ovary pubescent 3-celle ded penta-
short, stigma of three recurved lobes, seeds arillate. Schleic Tigi y
petala, Kowb, Hort, Beng. 99; Fl. Ind. ii. 275. C. pentaphylla,
t. 402, C. Roxburghii, Wight Ic. text, n. 402.

Sitnet, Roxburgh, 1811, in Hb. Mus. Brit. . : in.

A pretty large treo, Leaves 6-12 in. ; leaflets 4-8 by 14-23 m.; ers tule +33
Inflorescence about T- in. Flowers | in. wide, dull yellowish green. Sta

- di iform
anthers labrous. Disk pubescent. Capsule stipitate, 3-valved, 8 in. diam., pne
not lobed.

** Petals wanting or small and esquamate, . Jeaflets

9. €. Lessertiana, Camb. in Mém, Mus. Par. xviii. 46, t. 95 Wis
2-6 usually 4 ovate not or obtusely acuminate delicately reticulated s 0,
rounded or shortly narrowed, petiolules short, calyx-lobes 5 valva g abrous,
disk broad glabrous or nearly so 5-crenate, stamens 8 exser Jav. Rar.
capsule globose-pyriform 3-sided glabrous stipitate. Hassk. C. Misch
295, Ratonia Lessertiana, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. L 400. © Blume
carpus, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, i. 454. Mischocarpus sunaal Jeicbera
Bijdr. 238; Rumph. iii. 167. — Molinzea (sp.) Wall. Cat. 8092. 985 (not f
trijuga, Moritzi Syst. Verz, Zoll. 22, ex Hassk, Pl. Jav. Rar.
Willdenow), ` Main-

cCA,

Texasserm ; at Mergui, Griffith. Sourn ANDpAMAN Isrps., Kurz. Mara

gay.—DisrRIs, Malay Archipelago. dark or red-
, À tree of moderate size, sometimes a shrub ; branches terete, Sate; 2-8 by
dish. Leaves 4-12 in.; rachis not winged; leaflets opposite or à Caly?

H se ; bescent.
1-23 in., shining. Inflorescence 2-6 in.; pedicels jj in. shortly pu in, Pruit
scarcely Ji. in. nd by 4^; in. wide, shortly Debosent" Filaments about fe
4 in. long, 1-seeded ; ‘stipes t in. ves not
. : aves n
10. C. sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I. ii. 566; rachis of opposite
winged somewhat trigonous above, leaflets 2-10 subalternate o

Cupania. | XLIV. SAPINDACEH. , (W. P. Hiern.) 679

oblong or ovate-oblong slightly or scarcely acuminate glabrous thinly
coriaceous delicately reticulated lateral veins rarely conspicuous sometimes
with axillary glands, flowers pentamerous rarely tetramerous !, calyx cleft,
etals small or wanting without scales, filaments exserted pubescent. '
ischocarpus sumatranus, Blume Rumph. iii. 168. Sapindacea, Wall. Cat.
9035, 8108. C. sp. 4, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.
Sinner, Gomez, H. f. & T. TENAssERIM, at Moulmein, Grifith.—Disrnrs. Sumatra.
A tree of 30—40 ft. or loftier, branched high up. Branches as well as the rachis of
the leaves reddish. Leaves 8-24 in.; leaflets 34-11 by 14-3 in.; petiolules 4-4 in.
Inflorescence 6-12 in. ; flowers whitish 4, in. wide. Petals when present minute or not
exceeding the calyx, narrow, somewhat pubescent. Capsule 3-8 in., pyriform, marked
with 3—4 ribs, constricted at base into a thick trigonous stipes, apiculate, glabrate, red
(Blume, lc.) —A specimen from Pegu (Kurz) in Hb. Kew., consisting of a leaf 33 in.
E — 15-18 by about 3 in., has been named Latonia sumatrana by Kurz
n . Kew.

ll. C. Helferi, Hiern ; leaflets 4 alternate elliptic-oblong subacuminate
glabrous delicately reticulated base obtuse, flowers pentamerous on short
patent racemes arranged in racemose pubescent subterminal panicles, calyx
cleft subvalvate, petals 0, filaments pubescent, ovary pyrifurm stipitate
pubescent not lobed.

TENASSERIM, or ANDAMAN Istps., Helfer.

, Leaves about 1 ft.; rachis terete; leaflets 5-8 by 21-2] in.; petiolules 1-j in.
Panicles exceeding the leaves. Calyx Y in. diam. ; lobes ovate. Stamens 8.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

C. canescens, Pers., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.

C. (sp.) 6, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.
C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 A, is Nephelium Longana, Camb.

C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8067 B, is perhaps Aglaia edulis, A. Gr.

C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8069, is Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiern.

C. (sp.), Wall. Cat. 9034, is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.

9, LEPISANTHES, Blume.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate, alternate; leaflets entire,
Sübopposite. Jnflorescence axillary and lateral, spike-like. Flowers regular,
Polygamo-dicecious. Sepals 5-4 widely imbricated in two rows. Petals
5-4, equal, furnished at the base with a short wide inflected entire scale.

annular, regular. Stamens 8, erect, inserted within the disk. Ovary
Sessile, 3-sided, 3-celled ; ovules solitary ; style simple; stigma blunt.
tuit drupaceous, 3-celled, 3-sided, not lobed. Seeds solitary, erect, ex-
uminous; cotyledons very thick, unequal.—DiSTRIE. Species few, all
except the following confined to the Indian Archipelago.

l. L. montana, Blume Bijdr. 238 ; Rumph, iii. 151 ; leaflets 8-10 sub-
js posite elliptic- or ovate-oblong subacuminate base very shortly petioluled
Subcordate, racemes subfascicled axillary lateral simple or branched.

Birma ; hills between Sitang and Beeling, Brandis.—Disrnis. Java. .

A tree with dark smooth bark. j je 1$ 2 ft., paripinnate ; leaflets 5-10 by 2-3 in.,
glabrous above, glabrate or pubescent beneath along the midrib. Inflorescence 2-10 in.,
shortly pubescent. Galyx & in.; petals rather longer, long-clawed. Fruit hairy.—
b fruiting panicle from ES about 18 in. long, without leaves in the Hb. Kew, named

Y Kurz L. montana, Bl., has fruits nearly 1 in. long.

680 XLIV. SAPINDACEZX. (W.P. Hiern.) [Lepisanthes.

2. L. cuneata, Hiern; leaflets 6-8 opposite or subopposite el ipt
oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous base cuneate, racem
short supra-axillary, flowers very small obsoletely tomentose.

ANG, Porter. .

Nearly glabrous in all parts. Branches smooth. Leaves 12-18 in.; leaflets ey by
14-23 in. ; petiolules 1-1 in. Inflorescence 1-14 in.; flowers yy in.; bracts su a
small. Petals 5, glabrous, with a minute scale at base.

3. L. Browniana, Hiern ; leaflets 6-11 alternate or sometimes M
site elliptic-oblong much acuminate glabrous base cuneate. petam a
racemes short dense axillary puberulent, flowers of moderate size, Pap!
dacea?, R. Br. in Wall. Cat. 7497, and in Misc. Bot, ii. 537.

ManraBAN; Tavoy and Keloben, W. Gomez. :

A small tree with smooth terete branches tinged with red. Leaves a ñ. "Y
to develope further leaflets at the apex; petiole 6-12 in.; Jeaflets 3-9 by ra y
petiolules somewhat thickened at the base, ranging up to 4 in. | Infor d at the

edicels about 3 in. Flowers Yin. Sepals concave, glabrous inside, thic dr ori
Paso; the 2 outer short, the inner p» Petals obovate, pubescent, at the c "s hay.
with 2 glabrous scales inside. isk glabrous. Stamens 8, $ 1D.; filamen

Ovary obsolete from the male flowers.

10, OTOPHORA, Blume.

Trees or shrubs, Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets entire (hee
pair stipuliform). Jnflorescence axillary and terminal, ghee race
polygamous, Sepals rarely 4, concave, widely imbricated. Petaés late base.
small, somewhat squamate at base by inflexion of the subauricus n
Disk complete, annular, crenulate or entire. Stamens 8-9, rarely luded.
inserted within the disk ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, mye «ile,
Ovary 3-4-sided, 3-4-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending ; stigma su >
obtuse, obsoletely 3-4-rayed. Fruit baccate, not lobed, indehiscens o
or by abortion 2-1-celled ; seeds arillate; embryo straight; co ÁN an
thick.—Disrris, Species about 8 confined to the Malay Peninsu
Archipelago, Alloph

„0. fruticosa, Blume (=Sapindus fruticosus, Roxb. ; Wail. Cat. 8045; as r
pinnatus, Roxb. Te. t. 1407), has been introduced into India from the Moluccas.

. iptic
1, O. paucijuga, Hiern; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite narrowly SPEI
obtusely acuminate shining base cuneate, panicles racemose [es : stamens
sepals 4-5 minutely ciliate, petals 4-3 scarcely bisquamate at base,
oy disk glabrous, ovary glabrous.
ALACCA, Maingay. i cous
Leaves 4-10 in.) petioles -2} in. base thickened and probably bir re oie
stipular leaflets; leaflets 3-6 y 1-2 in.; petiolules 3-4 in. acemes b
about equalling the flowers,

te or
2. O. erythrocalyx, Hiern ; glabrous, leaflets m Opp
alternate elliptic or oblong shining firmly coriaceous shore panicles
base more or less narrowed, lowest pair stipuliform smal veli slender,
elongated much branched nearly equalling the leaves, pedo, laments
petals 5 shortly ciliate very shortly squamate at base, stamens ary 3si
fleshy hairy, anthers somewhat hairy pointed, disk glabrous, ov
3-celled glabrous.
Maracoa, Maingay. ing op ^
A small tree. ees 30-45 in.; petioles thickened at base; ur orien pue
9 by 3 in.; petiolule } in. Flowers 4-3 in. Sepals blood-red. Peta

ylus

* Otophora.] XLIV, SAPINDACER. (W. P. Hiern.) 681

pressed. Stigma sessile broadly trisulcate. Fruit whitish, glabrous, subglobose, tri-
genous, 3-celled, 13 in. diam. Seeds arillate.

11. SCHLEICHERA, Willd.

Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate; leaflets opposite (or alternate)
quite entire, repand-wavy or slightly serrate, with subparallel lateral veins
and delicate inconspicuous reticulation. Panicles or racemes simple,
elongated. Flowers small, fascicled, regular, polygamo-dioscious. Calyz
4-6-fid, small, cup-shaped ; lobes valvate or obscurely imbricated. Petals
absent, Disk complete, glabrous, wavy. Stamens 5-8, exserted, inserted
Within the disk ; filaments more or less pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous.

vary ovoid, 3-4-celled, narrowed into a rigid style; stigma 3-4-cleft.
Üvules solitary, erect. Fruit dry crustaceo-coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-3-
celled. Seeds erect, enveloped in a fleshy aril ; embryo conduplicate, with
unequal connate cotyledons.—DISTRIB. A small genus of India, the Indian
Archipelago, and the Philippine Islands.

, Beddome, in his Flora Sylvatica Anal. Gen. p. Ixxii., speaks of a new tree found by
him on the Golcondah hills, Vizagapatam district, which (he says) will probably turn
out to be a species of Schleichera; it is a middle-sized tree, all the young parts and
the inflorescence pubescent-tomentose, leaves alternate abruptly or unequally pinnate,

-10 inches long, leaflets 2-3 pair with or without a terminal odd one, ovate or oblong
With a longish acumination subentire or distantly and rather inconspicuously serrate,
quite glabrous in age except the costa, 3-4 inches long by 1-14 broad, petiolules 4-4 in.
long, racemes axillary panicled. The flower-buds on the specimen in the Kew Her-

arum are so young that their structure cannot be determined; indeed the Natural

Order to which the plant ought to be referred is uncertain. It is different from any

own Indian species of Sapindacee.

l. S. trijuga, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 1096 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite elliptic or
elliptic-oblong obtuse or shortly acuminate entire at length coriaceous
glabrescent or subvelutinous flat base rounded or obtuse sessile or sub-
Sessile, fruit ellipsoidal glabrous apiculate smooth or spinous. Grah. Cat,
Bomb, Pl. 29; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.35; Thwaites Enum, 58 ; Bedd. Fl.
Sylv. t. 119; ‘Brandis Fl. Sylv. 105, t. 20; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii, 277; Roth,
Nov, Sp. 385; W. & A. Prodr. 114, mot of Moritz. S. pubescens,
Roth, Lc. Melicocca trijuga, Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. iii 187, t. 8;
DC. Prodr. i. 615; Wall. Cat. 8080. Scytalia trijuga, Roxb. ex DC. Lc.
Stadmannia trijuga, Spreng. Syst. ii. 242. St. pubescens, Spreng. Lc.
Üussambium spinosum, Hamilt. in Trans. Werner. Soc. v. 356. C. gla-
brum, Hamilt. le. C. pubescens, Hamilt, l.c. 357. Conghas zeylonensis,
Hb. Madr. ex Wall. Le. M. pubescens, DC. Lc.—Rumph. Herb. Amboin. i:

57; Wall. Cat, 8106.

Dry forests, from the N.W. Himataya at Sirmor; throughout CENTRAL and

UTHERN INDIA, Birma, and CEvrox.—Disrnis. Java, Timor. ..

A large tree, leafing and flowering early in the spring. Leaves paripinnate, 8-16
1.5 leaflets 1-10 by 8-4} in.; the lowest pairs the smallest. Racemes axillary, often
severa] on short branchlets, 2-4 in. Flowers yellowish or green. Fruit 2-1 in. long.
;-1he pulpy subacid aril is edible; the bark is astringent, and, according to Dr. Rox-

gh, the natives rub it up with oil and use it to cure the itch. The timber is good.

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

S. PENTAPETALA, Roxb., is Cupania pentapetala, W. & A.
8. TRIJUGA, Moritzi (not of Wüld.), is Cupania Lessertiana, Camb.

682 XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W.P. Hiern.) [ Glennie:

19. GLENNIEA, Hook. f.

A large glabrous much branched leafy tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate,
1-2-jugate ; leaflets opposite, entire or wavy-repand, coriaceous. lowers
in spicate racemes forming a terminal panicle, regular, polygamous. Calys
5-lobed, valvate. Petals minute, broader than long, shortly clawed, concave,
hairy. „Stamens 8; filaments short, subulate; anthers short. Disk com-
plete, wide, fleshy, glabrous, and lobed. Ovary 3-sided, ovoid, contracted
at the base, puberulent, 3-celled, narrowed into a very short style ; stigma
shortly 3-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fruit depresso-globose, indehiscent,
fleshy, obscurely lobed. Seeds subglobose, exalbuminous, exarillate.

1. G. zeylanica, Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen, Pl. i. 404 (et '
Thwaites Enum, 408) ; leaflets elliptic or oblong shining both ends obtuse,
inflorescence shortly pubescent. Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 153.

Cryton, ascending to 3-4000 ft. + diam}

Leaves 4-7 in. ; leaflets 13-5 by 3-2} in. ; petiolules tumid, à-] in. Calyz š in. din)
lobes ovate, subacute. Fruit 3-11 in. diam.—Dr. Thwaites l.c. gives two varieties —

Var. 1, leaflets 2. Sapindus unijuga, Thwaites, l.c. 56. :

Van. 2, leaflets 2-4. Nephelium fuscatum, Thwaites, lc. 58; Euphoria fuscata,
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1.406. S. Gleniei, Thwaites, l.c. 408.

13. SAPINDUS, Plum.

Trees or shrubs, eaves alternate or subverticillate (and then peo.
exstipulate, usually paripinnate; leaflets coriaceous, commonly enu
Inflorescence terminal or axillary. Flowers polygamous, regular. Sepa TE
widely imbricated in 2 rows, Petals 4-5, with or without scales. Duk vie
plete, annular, fleshy. Stamens usually 8-10, inserted within the disk; led,
ments usually p ilose; anthers versatile. Ovary entire or 2-4-lobed, is ja-
Style terminal ; stigma 2-4-lobed. Ovules solitary. Fruit fleshy or im a
ceous, 1-2-coccous; cocci oblong or globose, indehiscent. See ba
crustaceous or membranous testa; cotyledons thick ; radicle pees: ©

aot rather large genus inhabiting the tropical regions of the w
rld.

* Ovary hairy.

.1. S. trifoliatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 367 ; leaves (normally) sip
pinnate leaflets 6-4 elliptic or oblong acuminate or emarginate glabro
especially beneath pubescent with short curved or stellate si mem-
obtuse, inflorescence terminal panicled pubescent, seale of the pe ifolia,

ranous pilose-ciliate, ovary 3-lobed ferruginous-tomentose. ii 2785
Vahl Symb. iii. 54; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 34; Roxb. Fl. Ind, "

W. & À. Prodr. 111; Grah Cat. Bomb. Pl. 29; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. An aii
lxxiii. ; Brand. For. Fl, 106; Wall. Cat. 8038 (not of Balb. Hb.). > ina

Roxb. ex W. & A. Lc. ; Tec. t. 1965; not of Wall. Cat. 8096. S. v Fl
Vahl Lc. ; Roxb. l.c. 279; W. € A. Le, ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI, 29 5 Dale &
Sylv. t 154; Brand. Lc. 107; Wight TH. t. 51; Wall. Cat. 90994 Mal. iv.
Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 35, S. abstergens, Roab. Ic. t. 1235.— Rheede Hort.

43, t. 19, d ptfal
on? u
s Common about villages in Sour Inp1a; cultivated in Bengal, where it is a 4° :
lve. h
A handsome tree. Leaves 5-12 in.; leaflets 13-8 by 1-4 E Ux ats Ssarrowet
s 4-4 in. long, white, hairy. Sepals 5, elliptic, obtuse. Pet ,

Sapindus.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 683

and rather longer than the sepals; “scale fringed with a dense mass of long white
airs, more or less attached to the claw and inner surface of the petal, probably free
when quite young, sometimes attached aloag the middle line only and free at the sides,
in which case it happens that the two edges of the scale separate from the middle part
and appear as lateral appendages ” (Dr. Brandis, l.c.). Stamens 8; anthers apiculate.
Disk concave, with a raised fleshy hirsute edge. Fruit fleshy, 2-3-lobed, 4-3 in. long,
at length glaucescent, saponaceous.—There are two forms of this tree, usually regarded
as distinct species, and corresponding to Vahl’s names; one with acuminate glabrous
eaves, the other with emarginate leaves pubescent beneath. The wood is used for
making combs and other small articles,

.2. S. erectus, Hier»; leaves abruptly pinnate leaflets 6-19 snboppo-
site narrowly elliptic acuminate entire glabrous thin base more or less
narrowed, panicles terminal shorter than the leaves, flowers pentamerous,
petals with an erect bifid or entire shaggy scale, ovary hairy, lobes of fruit
ellipsoidal nearly glabrate. N ephelium erectum, Thwaites Enum. 57.

Crvrow; in the southern provinces, alt. 3000 ft.

An erect shrub, not or sparingly branched, 6-10 ft. high. Leaves pallid, 1-2 ft. ;
leaflets 4-10 by 13-34 in.; petiolules 4-1 in. Flowers k by | in. Calyx shortly and
appressedly pubescent outside; sepals rounded. Petals shortly exceeding the
calyx, oblong-obovate, ciliated at the claw, glabrous and rounded above, involute at the
margin; scale glabrous at the back, inserted at the top of the claw, falling rather short
of the petals. Disk glabrous, fleshy. Stamens 8; filaments rather shorter than the
Petals, pubescent above ; anthers glabrous. Style very short; stigma minute, 3-lobed.
Fruit fleshy, yellow, about 1 in. long. Aril fleshy.

3. S. Thwaitesii, Hiern ; leaves simple obovate-oblong narrowly
acuminate entire glabrous pallid base attenuate, racemes terminal short
simple or slightly branched obsoletely tomentose, sepals 5, rounded, petals 5,
obovate obtuse upper half patent each furnished at base with an oblong
hairy scale more than half the length of the petals, disk glabrous 5-cornered,

ments slender somewhat hairy above shorter than the petals, anthers
small, ovary hairy 3-lobed. Nephelium simplicifolium, Thwaites Enum. 57.

CEvLow; south of the Island, at no great elevation, rare. .

, Ân erect. shrub, 6-10 ft. high, sparingly branched. Leaves 8-12 by 2j-4 in. ; pe-
tioles 1-2 in. Racemes 2-4 in. Flowers peutamerous, j-& in. Petals exceeding the
calyx, not clawed. Stamens 8.

** Ovary glabrous.
t Anthers short,

4. S. Mukorossi, Gorin. Fruct. i. 342, t. 70, f. 3, g, ^ ; leaves pinnate
leaflets 10-16 rarely fewer lanceolate-oblong alternate or subopposite
acuminate or obtuse glabrous closely not conspicuously veined base oblique
Obtuse, inflorescence terminal and lateral panicled obsoletely tomentose,

tals 5 each with a woolly scale on each side at the top of the claw, ovary

tered glabrous, 78. abruptus, Lour. FI. Coch, 238.
p Cultivated throughout N.W. Inpa and Brewear. Komaon. SILHET. AssAM.—

"TRIB. China, Bonin Islands, Japan. .

handsome tree. Shoots, &c., obsoletely tomentose. Leaves 6-18 in., crowded
Rear the ends of the branches; leaflets approximated, 2-6 by $£-21 in., shortly petioluled.
wers J, in, white or purple, ciliated. Stamens 8-10; anthers small, exserted,
obtuse. Disk glabrous, flat, with 5 elevated radiated lines. Fruit fleshy, subglobose,
i6 what glaucescent, saponaceous, š in. diam., yellow.— There are two forms of this
E 9ne with obtuse or shortly and suddenly acuminate leaflets (S. detergens, Roxb.
ort. Beng. 29; Fl, Ind. ii. 280; not of Wall. Cat. 8042 ; nor S. fuscatus, Hb. Ham.

684 XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Sapindus.

ex Wall. Lc.) ; the other with more lanceolate acuminate leaflets (S. acuminata, Wall.
Cut. 8035; Royle Ill. 139), sometimes, as stated by Dr. Royle, with the rachis of the
leaves very narrowly bordered. `

Tt. Anthers oblong.

5. S. attenuatus, Wall. Cat. 8037 ; leaves pinnate or rarely unifoliolate
leaflets usually 8-10 ovate lanceolate elliptic or oblong acuminate glabrous
base rounded or cuneate, inflorescence terminal and axillary puberulent or
nearly glabrous, petals 4-5 imbricated about equalling the sepals, scale
present or obsolete, ovary glabrous. Scytalia rubra, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29;
Fl. Ind. ii. 272. Nephelium rubrum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 671; Wight Ic. tt.
24, 25. Euphoria verticillata, Wall. Cat. 8052 D, E, not A, B, C. E. rubra,
Royle 11.138. E. attenuata, Planch. mss, in Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. Sa-
pindacea, Grif. Notul. iv. 551; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 599, £. 25 Itin. Notes 112,
n. 163.

Assam, Silhet and the Mishmi Hills, Wallich, Grifith, &c.; Sikkim Himalaya,
J. D. H.; Cacuar Keenan; Buoray, Griffith.

A shrub or tree of moderate size. Leaves 4-3 ft.; always attenuate at base when
unifoliolate; leaflets alternate or opposite, 2-18 by 3-42 in. Flowers pot in, nearly
glabrous, red; bud greenish. Stamens 6-8, not exserted; anthers yellow, oblong ;
filaments short or 0. Ovary bilobed. Fruit 1-2-lobed, ellipsoidal, size of an olive,
red or dark purple; aril eaten.— There is a scandent state of this plant.

6. S. Danura, Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 94 ; leaves simple alternate or
the extremities subverticillate obovate elliptic or oblong narrowed
shortly acuminate at apex glabrous gradually narrowed towards a roun i
very shortly petioled base veins slender close not conspicuous, panicles
terminal puberulent composed of rather remote diverging compound rami-
fications, petals 5 each with avery short woolly incurved scale at base, qu
glabrous 2-3-lobed. Scytalia Danura, Roxb. h ort. Beng. 29; Fl. I nd. ii. 27.
Sc. verticillata, Roxb, Hort, Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii, 273, Euphoria verti
lata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1059; Wall, Cat, 8052 letters A, B, C, not D,
Dimocarpus verticillata, Hb. Roxb. ex Wall. l.c. A. Nephelium verticillatum,
G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 670. E. Danura, Wall. Cat. 8051. Didymococcus
Danura, Blume Rumph. ii. 103. D. verticillatus, Blume l.c.

Norra Wesr INDIA, Rouicunp, Assam, Sinner, Birma, CHITTAGONG, and Te-
NASSERIM, h b , aby d

n evergreen shrub or small tree 6-10 ft. high. eaves 4-1 -
tz} in. Flowers 4-3 in., pale yellow tinged with pink, Stamens 5-8; anthers eias
obtuse ; filaments short. Disk glabrous. Fruit 3-1-coccous, shortly stipita-e, emp
soidal, 3-4 in. long, pulpy when ripe, orange-coloured.

7. S. bifoliolatus, //iern ; leaves bifoliolate leaflets opposite gipa
oblong glabrous closely and inconspicuously veined both ends 1 ves.
panicles terminal and axillary puberulent equalling or exceeding the brous
petals 5 each with a small rounded ciliate scale at the base, ovary y Ind.

ilobed. Nephelium bifoliolatum, Thwaites Enum. 57; Bedd. Le. £^

Or. t. 289. ddome
Cevrox ; lower Badulu road from Kandy. Mapras; Kolay Mallay Hills, Be 18 in.;
A much-branched tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaves 24-7} in. ; leaflets 2-54 by 378 nate

petiolules 3-4 in. Flowers k in. Sepals rounded, glabrous, shortly ciliated, Jabrous.

at base. Petals rather exceeding the sepals, glabrous, ciliated. Disk fleshy, fied new

Stamens usually 7, short; anthers ovate-oblong. Young fruit bilobed.—An à and Je
species from Siam, collected by Sir R. Schomburgk, differs by shorter pe —

_ branched inflorescence, tia :

at
or

in. ; petioles

Sapindus.] | XLIV. SAPINDACER. (W. P. Hiern.) 685

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES OF SAPINDUS.

S. AcuTUs, Wall. Cat. 8096, not of Roxb., is a species of Engelhardtia.

S. ADENOPHYLLUS, Wall. is Cupania adenophylla, Planch.

S. ALTERNIFOLIUS, Herb. Ham., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

N: ANGUSTIFOLIUS, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 94, not of Blume, from Khasia, is
unknown to me.

Š BENGHALENSIS, Roxb., is Nephelium Longana, Camb.

S. sisuaus, Wall., is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites,

B. periciexs, W. d: A., is Hemigyrosa deficiens, Bedd.

. DETERGENS, Wall., not of Roxb., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.

- EDULIS, Att., is Nephelium Lit-chi, Camb.

. EDULIS, Blume, is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

- FRAxINIFOLIUsS, DC., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

. FRUTICOSUS, Roxb., is Otophora fruticosa, Blume.

. Fuscatus, Herb. Ham., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.

- GLABRATUS, Wall., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.

- Guenter, Thwaites, is Glenneia zeylanica, Hook. f.

INDICA, Poir. in Lamk. Dict. vi. 667, from “the Indies,” cultivated in the Paris
Garden, is very little known; it has virgate glabrous branches and simple or subtrie
foliolate linear-lanceolate glabrous reticulated leaves 6-8 by 1-8 in. decurrent on the
petiole; the flower and fruit are unknown.

S. LEPIboTUs, Wall., is Aglaia Wallichii, Hiern.

S. Loxeigoria, Vahl Symb. iii. 53, a doubtful native of East India, is said by Rox:
burgh, Z7]. Ind. ii. 282, to be a native of the Moluccas.
` S. toncironius, Herb. Ham., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

S. microcarrus, W. & A. Prodr. 112, is Meliosma Arnottiana, Bedd.

S. Morus, Blume Rumphia iii. 98 (Dimocarpus Litchi, Herb. Heyne ex Blume l.c.)
may be S. trifoliatus, Zinn. (S. laurifolia, Vahl).

S monoeyna, Herb. Heyne, is Nephelium Longana, Camb.

S. munrisucus, Wall., may be Chisocheton paniculatus, Hiern.

S. osovatus, W. Æ A. Prodr. 111 (Blighia sapida, C. Kon., the “ Akee,”), is Cupania
edulis, Schum. & Thonn; it is cultivated in India, having been introduced from

uinea,

S. piNNATUS, Mil., is probably Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.

S. PrxNa TUS, Roxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

S. rotveuvrLus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 94, with gla-
brous pallid leaves 14 ft. bearing 14-16 subopposite or alternate obliquely oblong entire
or repand leaflets 3-6 by 1-14 in., and with small greenish-white flowers, is very im-
perfectly known; it was introduced iuto the Calcutta Garden from Pegu (Cfr. S. Muko-
rossi, Geertn.).

S. Rarax, DC., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.

S. rusrarnosa, Roxb., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

S. SAPONARIA, Herb. Linn., not of Linn. Sp. Pl., is Erioglossum edule, Blume.

S. Saponara, Lour., is Dittelasma Rarak, Hook. f.

S. squamosus, Roxb., is Cupania glabrata, Kurz.

S. rerRAPHYLLA, Vahl, is Hemigyrosa canescens, Thwaites.

S. rravancorensis, Wall., is Canarium commune, Linn. .

S. uxpurATUs, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 94, is probably Nephelium Longana,

mb, :

RARNRNNNDDM

S. unisuaus, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook. ^

686 ^ XLIV. SAPINDACEJE. (W. P. Hiern) [Aerospermum.

14. XEROSPERMUM, Blume.

A tree. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets opposite,
entire. Racemes axillary and terminal. Flowers regular, polygamo-
dicecious. Sepals 4-5, imbricated in 2 rows, Petals 4-5, equal, spathulate,
shorter or but little longer than the sepals, hairy at the margin, without
scales. Stamens 8-7, included, inserted within the annular glabrous disk ;
filaments filiform, pubescent ; anthers small, glabrous. Ovary sessile, didy-
mous, muricated, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, ascending. „Style short, thick ;
stigma thick, hairy. Fruit 1-2-lobed; parts ellipsoidal, diverging, muri-
cated with pyramidal tubercles, indehiscent, glabrous inside. Seeds exaril-
late ; testa coriaceous outside, fleshy, pilose, simulating an aril; embryo
curved; cotyledons very large, thickly fleshy, superposed.—DISTRIE. A
monotypic genus.

1. X. Noronhianum, Blume Rumph. iii. 100; leaflets 2-5 rarely
only i elliptic lanceolate or oblong more or less acuminate glabrous closely
reticulated base obtuse or cuneate, racemes short simple or branched sub-
fascicled. Euphoria Noronhiana, Blume Bijdr. 234 (as to the fruit). '
xerocarpa, Blume Bijdr. 234. Nephelium Noronhianum, Camb. n Mém.
Mus. Par. xviii. 30. N. xerocarpum, Camb. l.c. Sapindus glabratus, Wall.
Cat. 8095. Euphoria (sp.), Wall. Cat. 8054.— Wall. Cat. 8083, 8084.

Sinner, Wallich; Knasia Mrs. and Tenassermm, Grifith. MALACCA, SINCAPORE and
PENANG, Griffith, &c.—Distris. Java. :

A tree, 30-45 or more feet high, with terete puberulent shoots. Leaves 7-13 pA
leaflets 34-9 by 1-3} in. ; petiolules 3-8 in. Racemes 1—4 in. Flowers š in., greens
or yellow. Fruit 1 in. or more long, yellow.— The Khasia and Silhet specimens differ
from the type by lanceolate and more acuminate leaflets.

15. NEPHELIUM, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate or rarely simple ;
leaflets entire or rarely dentate more or less glaucous beneath (the lowes
pair in one species simulating stipules). Inflorescence terminal and axillary.
Flowers regular, polygamous. Calyx 15 bed usually cup-shaped, su
valvate or somewhat imbricated in bud. Petals small, without scales, as
many as or fewer in number than the calyx-lobes, or wanting. Stamens
5-10, inserted within the fleshy glabrous or pubescent disk ; filaments
usually pubescent. Ovary pubescent, 2-3-lobed, usually verrucose ; 10
l-celled, 1-ovuled. Style 2-3-lobed, erect. Fruit 1-3-coccous, indehiscent,
globose or oblong, echinate tubercled or smooth. Seeds globose, include
in a pulpy aril.—DisTRIB. A genus not separable from Euphoria (J'uss.), ant
with it containing about 30 species, confined to India the Indian AT
pelago S. China and Australia; in the last country about 10 species occur.

Sect. I. Leaves usually paripinnate; leaflets none stipuliform.
* Petals wanting. Calyx dentate or half-cleft.

1, N. mutabile, Blume Rumph. iii. 104 ; leaflets 4-8 opposite or sub-
alternate oblong or oblong-elliptic obtusely acuminate entire thinly
coriaceous above glabrous shining beneath glaucous marked with somew ^
arching lateral veins puberulent-glandular base obtusely narrowed or rare.
rounded, racemes simple or branched shortly pubescent, calyx cup-sha ke
4-5-fid, petals 0, disk glabrous, stamens 7-8, fruit echinate mure
with strong rigid sete. Euphoria Longana, Blume Bijdr. 233 iac

Nephelium.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 687

Lamk) N. Griffithianum, Kurz in J Y li
uw N. Gr n, ¿ Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, ii. 303.
Sapindacea, Grif. Notul. iv. 550; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 599, f. i.
Ava, at Bhamo, Griffith. Sincarore, Anderson. M Griffith, Mai —
a Java, Borneo. fi ° Md Atacen, Grifith, Maingay.
eaves 3-18 in. ; leaflets 2-7 by 3-21 in. ; petiolules ,4-1 in. Flowers .\—2 in. wide.
vamens exserted; filaments pubescent; anthers small," glabrous. FRE IA in.
diam., red ; setze subulate, obtuse, glabrous or obsoletely tomentose, $-] in. long.
Van.? pallens ; leaflets pallid green and nearly glabrous on both sides base more
Cuneate, inflorescence denser and more branched, filaments 6-8 slender longer, fruit un-
own.—Malacca, Maingay ; Tenasserim, Lobb.

2 N. lappaceum, Linn. Mant. i. 125; leaflets 2-12 opposite or
alternate elliptic obovate or oblong usually obtuse quite entire glabrate
base obtusely narrowed, racemes loosely panicled axillary and terminal,
calyx 4-6-fid subvalvate, petals 0, ovary 2-3-dymous 2-celled densely

rsute, fruit echinate-muricate. Gortn. Fruct. ii. 272, t. 140, f. 1;
Blume Rumph. ii. 103; Lamk. Ill. t. 764; Hassk. Pl. Jav, Rar. 987.
Euphoria Ne helium, DC. Prodr. i. 612; Wall. Cat. 8053 excl. part of B.
Scytalia Ramboutan, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii. 971. Dimocarpus
crinita, Lour. Fl. Cochinch, 234. N. echinatum, Noronh. in Batav.
Genootsch. Verh. v. 80.

SiNcAPORE, Wallich, Malacca, Grifith, Maingay.—DisrRiB. Malay Archipelago.

A lofty tree. Leaves 3-18 in.; leaflets 2-9 by 1-4 in., shining and dark green above,
Paler and marked with subparallel lateral veins beneath; petiolules ,';-3 in. Branches
of the panicle spreading; flowers fascicled, pubescent, #,—), in. diam. Calyx cam-
Panulate, at length patent. Stamens 5-8, exserted; filaments pubescent, especially
towards base. Style deeply 2-3-lobed ; lobes recurving. Fruit-lobes 4-2 in. long, red
Yellowish orange or nearly black, sete subulate. Aril transparent, milky, fleshy,
jlible.—Hasskarl gives 15 varieties of this cultivated tree, commonly called Ram-

utan.

3. N. glabrum, Noronh, in Batav. Genootsch. Verh. v. 80 ; leaflets 2-10
Opposite or alternate elliptic usually obtuse at both ends sometimes shortly
acuminate entire above glabrous and shining beneath glabrate or appres-
sedly pubescent paler, racemes panicled, calyx 5-6-lobed slightly imbri-
tated, petals 0, ovary deeply lobed, fruit tubercled. Reinwardt in Blume
Cat. Buitenz. 111; Hassk. Pl. Jav. Kar, 290. Euphoria glabra, Blume

dr. 233.

Maracca, Grifüth, Maingay.—DisrRiB. Probably Malay Archipelago. .

A lofty tree. fith, M 6 12 o. ; leaflets 3-6 by 11-24 in., marked beneath with sub-
Mrallel lateral veins; petiolules 2-4 in. Branches of the panicles less patent than in
ler appaceum ; flowers pubescent, 5-75 in. diam., fascicled. Calyx campanulate at
mee patent. Stamens 5-10, exserted; filaments pilose. Fruit globose or ellip-
‘dal glabrous, 1 in. long or more, from a red to straw-coloured. Aril preet —

ery di ruit. asskarl gives 3 forms . me in

phan d lappaceum, except tne kablo variety of. N. lappaceum, towards which,

Umphia, iii. 103, treats this as a re L f C
e states, there is a transition. A form occurs, probably referable to this species, with

è lcelled ovary and unilateral style.
4 N. Lit-chi, Cam). in Mém, Mus, Par. xviii 30 ; leaflets 2-8 opposite or
alternate oblong lanceolate or ovate acuminate above quite glabrous shining

beneath brous or very nearly so, lateral veins obsolete base
Cuneate, glaucous gla inal calyx. 4-5-dentate tals 0, disk glabrous,

mens 6-10 at length exserted, fruit tubercle Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl.
29: Dalz. d Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Supp 13; Wight Ic. t. 43; Blume Rumph.
li 106. Sapindus edulis, Ait. Hort. Kew, ii. 36 (1789); not of Blume.
Euphoria punicea, Lamk, Dict. iii, 573; I, t. 306. Dimocarpus Lichi,

688 XLIV. SAPINDACEZX. (W.P. Hiern.) [ Nephelium.

Lour. Fl. Cochinch, 233, Scytalia chinensis, Gertn. Fruct. i. 197, t. 42, A >
Sc. Litchi, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind. ii. 269. E. Lit-chi, ru Hh.
248; Wall. Cat. 8048 (part). N. dimocarpus, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. £ 1.
(N. duriocarpus, 7". Anders. Fl. Behar 11).—Sonn: Voy. Ind. t. 129.

Widely cultivated in India ; introduced from S. China. I

A fine tree of moderate height, with spreading branches. Leaves 3-9 1n. ; e
11-6 by 4-13 in.; petiolules 4!5—1 in. Inflorescence tawny-puberulent ; flows gr a
white, 45- in. wide. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Disk glabrous. Cam
celled, ferruginous-hairy ; style 2-3-lobed, lobes recurved. Fruit 2-1 fleshy
about 1 in. diam.; pericarp dry, at length brittle; tubercles angular. i
whitish, edible.— The Litchi of commerce.

** Petals present. Calyx usually with deep divisions.
t Leaflets quite entire,
X Lateral veins of leaflets obsolete.

9. N. rubescens, Hiern ; leaflets 2-10 opposite or alternate ln
or oblong acuminate base obtuse or cuneate both sides glabro mi
lateral veins obsolete reticulation minute, pauicles axillary i di 45
pubescent, calyx rather deeply 4-5-lobed imbricated in bud, P ruit
small hairy, stamens 8-10 exserted, ovary emarginate OT didyma only, n
sharply tubercled. Euphoria Lit-chi, Wall. Cat. 8048, letters G, ,
of Juss.

ManraBAN and Srxcaronz, Wallich. Maracca Griffith. i »

Glabrous and shining except the inflorescence. Leaves 6-18 m. ; adea E
1-24 in., turning somewhat red in drying; petiolules 4-4 in. F lowr i pube-
Petals linear-obtuse or ovate.acute. Disk glabrous. Anthers small ; ^il solitary,
scent, shorter in the female flowers. Fruit-lobes oblong or ellipsoidal, genera y
green or red, 3-1 in. long; sete tubular, short, compressed.

TE. Lateral veins of leaflets more or less conspicuous. r elliptic
6. N.? Maingayi, Hiern ; leaflets 2 or 4 opposite obovir d ateral

glabrous coriaceous shortly petioluled obtuse base obtusely narr jliated
veins not much raised, flowers tetramerous, calyx-lobes shortly eches
otherwise glabrous, petals smaller without scales, stamens 8 m° hd
of capsule usually solitary oblong nearly glabrate.
Maracca, Maingay.
F Glabrons except ferruginous-puberulent shoots and inflorescence. 2
rachis not winged; leaflets 24-6} by 11-3) in.; petiolules 5-5 i luster’; bracts
ranging up to 8 in.; flowers 4 in. diam., in interrupted globose c ytals shaggy”
. ranging up to 1 in. long or more. Calyx cleft, lobes imbricate 1 in. long, shortly
tomentose, Filaments hairy. Ovary hairy. Fruit (immature) 2-1 m-
stipitate. i
iptic 0T
7T. N. costatum, JJiern ; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate one em ;
oblong glabrous entire above dark green beneath pale o ntose cal
ginate or shortly acuminate base obtuse, flowers panicled to uate towards
deeply 5-lobed imbricated in bud, petals 5 minute obtuse atten
base, stamens exserted, :
Maracca, Maingay. ral vein
Leaves 6-10 im; Íeafiets 3-6 by 11-2] in., marked vith cubparale ithe leaves:
beneath ; petiolules bj» Panicles densely flowered, nearly equa
flowers 3 in. diam. Filaments pilose. Ovary pilose. caflets 4-10
8. N. Longana, Camb. in Mém. Mus, Par. xvi. 305 ey rather
‘opposite or alternate elliptic ovate oblong or lanceola

Nephelium.] XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W. P. Hiern.) 689

obtuse at both ends glabrous above subglaucescent glabrous or nearly so
marked with lateral veins beneath wavy entire, base oblique, panicles ter-
minal and axillary, calyx deeply 5- rarely 6-lobed somewhat imbricated in

ud, petals spathulate about equalling the calyx, disk tomentose, stamens
6-10 included in the female shortly exserted in the male flowers, ovary
2-3-lobed, fruit tubercled. Bot, Mag. t. 4096; W. € A. Prodr. 113;
Grah. Bomb. Pl. 99; Blume Rumph. iii. 108; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 35;
Thwaites Enum. 58. N. Mora, Gardn. ex Thwaites lc. N. bengalense,
G. Don Gen. Syst.i.570. Scytalia bengalensis, Roxb. ex G. Don i.c. Sc.
Longan, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii. 270. Dimocarpus Longan,
Lour, Fl. Cochinch. 233; Trans. Hort. Soc. ii. t. 28. Euphoria Longana,
Lamk. Dict. iii. 574; Bot. Reg. t. 1729; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 156; Wall. Cat.
8049. Sapindus benghalensis, Roxb. ex W. d A. Le. Dimocarpus undulatus,
Wight ex W. & A. le. E. undulata, Hb. Heyne ex Wall. l.c. S. monogyna,
Hb. Heyne lc. D. pupilla, Moon Cat. 31. N. pupillum, Wight Ill. i. 141.
Euphoria pupillum, Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 192 (under N. pupillum). N. hypo-
leucum, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 50.—Cupania (sp.), Wall.
Cat. 8067, letter A not B.

EASTERN BENGAL. Prov. Western PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards.

EYLON. Often cultivated —Distris. Cultivated in the tropics.

A tree of 30-40 ft. Leaves 4-18 in. ; leaflets 2-12 by 4-24 in.; petiolules 7, 4 in.
Inflorescence puberulent ; flowers yellowish-white, §-} in. wide. Calyx shortly tomen-
tose on both sides. Petals 5 rarely 6, pubescent. Filaments pubescent ; anthers gla-

rous, shorter. Fruit reddish or purple, globose, 4-3 in. diam.; tubercles rugose or
at length smooth. Aril wholesome.

9. N. malaiense, Grif. Notul iv. 549; leaflets 6-8 subopposite or
alternate elliptic or ovate-oblong shortly acuminate above dark green gla-
brous beneath ferruginous-pubescent subglaucous marked with transverse
somewhat arched lateral veins base rounded, inflorescence terminal panicled
glandular pubescent, calyx deeply 5-lobed somewhat imbricated, petals entire
obovate shaggy inside, stamens short, fruit tubercled or almost obsoletely

80 globose.

Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay. .
Young parts glandular-pubescent. Leaves 4-14 ft.; leaflets 21-94 by 1-33 in.;
tiolules very short, 35-4 in. Inflorescence about 1 ft.; bracts lanceolate, obtuse ;

owers fascicled, 1 in. diam. Calyx-lobes obtuse, about equalling the petals. Stamens

8; filaments pubescent; anthers glabrous, shorter than the filaments, scarcely exserted.

Ovary lobed, hairy, equalling the style; stigma capitate, 2-3-lobed. Fruit $-3 in.
am.; aril fleshy.

10. N. eriopetalum, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 508; leaflets 6-8
Opposite or alternate elliptic-oblong or oblong apex rounded emarginate or
àpiculate base rounded or obtuse entire beneath ferruginous subtomentose
With well-defined lateral veins above shining, branches of the panicles
Spike-like, calyx deeply 5-lobed subvalvate, petals spathulate hairy, fila-
Ments pubescent, fruit echinate-muricate.

Maracca, Maingay.—Distri. Sumatra.

, Young parts and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves 1-14 ft.; leaflets 44-10
by 14-3} in. ; petiolules 4-4 in. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, shorter than the
leaves ; flowers 45-3 wide. Calyz-lobes ovate-elliptic, obtuse, tomentose outside, gla-

rous inside. Petals small, often some deficient. Disk hairy. Stamens 5-8, shortly
€xserted ; anther shortly oblong, not quite glabrous. Ovary 2-lobed, hairy. Corci of
the fruit compresso-subglobose, 1-14 in. diam., bright red; setze subulate-obtuse, 4 in.

VOL. I. YY

690 XLIV. SAPINDACEH. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Nephelium,

+t Leaflets coarsely serrate.

11. N. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 58 ; leaflets 4-6 lanceolate coarsely
remotely and obtusely serrate subglabrous lower surface glaucous base
obliquely cuneate very shortly petioluled, racemes panicled, calyx deeply
lobed hoary-tomentellous, petals linear-spathulate acute, fruit mae Se
tubercled. Euphoria Gardneri, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 406; B
Ic. Pl, Ind. Or. t. 285. ‘

Cxxrox ; at Puttam, Gardner. |

Leaves 3-8 in.; leaflets 2-4 by 4-1} in. Inflorescence about as long as the leaves;
flowers 1-3 in. wide, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes ovate, somewhat imbricate 1n bud, we
on both sides. Petals hairy on both sides, exceeding the calyx. Disk hairy. | »
mens 1-10, short; filaments hairy ; anthers small, glabrous. Ovary tubercled, hispid,
didymous; style rather long. Fruit 4 in. long.

Sror. II. Leaves paripinnate ; leaflets with the lowest pair stipuliform.

12. N. stipulaceum, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 212; Tc. P ehe
Or. t. 103; FL Sylv. t. 155; leaflets 4-6 opposite or alternate dd
obtuse glabrous lower surface pale or glaucous with clear slender latera
veins glandular in the axils base cuneate lowest pair opposite sm sb.
puliform, panicles axillary and terminal, calyx hirsute 5-6-partite $
valvate, petals 0, stamens 5-9 short, fruit echinate. Ë

Western PENINSULA ; moist forests of Malabar and the Anamallay hills, alt. 2000 5t
rare, Beddome. . ts 21-6

A handsome tree of middle size, with strong wood. Leaves 6-14 in. ; alid k
by 15-3 in., lowest pair 4-1 in. long; petiolules short, ranging up to jm. Anthers
rather shorter than the leaves; flowers about š in. wide. Calyx spreading. 4 elip-
small. Ovary 2-3-lobed. Style 2-3-lobed; lobes recurved, glandular. deus
soidal, š by 4 m. ; sete subulate obtuse, rather weak, hairy at tip. Seeds half co
with the succulent aril. .

DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Evrnora zxsriPULATIS, Grif., is Aglaia minutiflora, Bedd.
Evenorta AvrENUATA, Planch., is Sapindus attenuatus, Wall.
E. Danvra, Wall. is Sapindus Danura, Voigt.
E. ruscata, Benth. & Hook Ja is Glenniea zeylanica Hook. f.
; . Ja u : busta,
E. Lire, Wall. Cat. 8048 E only (Scytalia glabra, Hb. Ham.), is Walsura ro

. NEPHELIGM, Wall. Cat. 8053 part of B, is Mallotus subpeltatus, Muell, Arg.
- Nonoxniaxa, Blume, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
- RIMOSA, Royle JU. 138, is the same as Nephelium rimosum, G. Don.
- RUBRA, Royle TU, 138, is Sapindus attenuatus, Wall.
: VERTICILLATA, Lindl., is Sapindus Danura, Voigt. l
- VERTICILLATA, Wall. Cat. 8052 D, E, only, is Sapindus attenuatus, Wat
- XEROCARPA, Blume, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
- (sp), Wall. Cat. 8054, is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.
NEPHELIUM BIFOLIOLATUM, Thwaites, is Sapindus bifoliolatus, Hiern.
N. erectum, Thwaites, is Sapindus erectus, Hiern.
N. eximium, Thwaites, is Pometia tomentosa, Kurz.
N. ruscatum, Thwaites, is Glenniea zeylanica, Hook. f.
` N. NogoxmiaNuM, Camb., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume. talia rumos ^
N. rmtosum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 671; W. & A. Prodr. 113 (Sey
Roxb. Hort. Beng. 29; Fl. Ind. ii. 272), from Silhet, is unknown to me:

by
E 3 3 3 b Pd bd 3 Ñ,

Nephelium.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W.P. Hiern.) 691

N. rusrum, G. Don, is Sapindus attenuatus, Wall.

N. SIMPLICIFOLIUM, Thwaites, is Sapindus Thwaitesii, Hiern.

N. VARIABILE, Wall. ex Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 95, from Khasia, is unknown to me.
N. venTICILLATUM, G. Don, is Sapindus Danura, Voigt.

N. XEROCARPUM, Camb., is Xerospermum Noronhianum, Blume.

16. POMETIA, J. R. & G. Forst.

Tall trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, leaflets subopposite, entire or serrate
the lowest pair usually stipuliform). Racemes simple or panicled, elongated
slender, Flowers regular, polygamous, fascicled, small, shorter than their
pedicels. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-4-fid, valvate in bud. Petals 5-4, small,
usually without scales. Disk complete, annular, lobed. Stamens 4-8,
Usually 6-4 inserted within the disk, at length much exserted; anthers
small, Ovary 2-3-coccous and -celled ; ovules solitary. Style elongated ;
stigma obtuse, emarginate. Fruit 1-2-coccous ; lobes subglobose or ellip-
solda], indehiscent, smooth. „Seeds exalbuminous, covered with a mucila-
&nous aril.—DisTkrB. Species few, confined to India, Ceylon, the Indian
Archipelago and the Pacific Islands.

l. P. tomentosa, Kurz Andam. Rep. ed. 2, 34 ; leaflets 10-26 oblong
glabrescent or veins and midrib pubescent or even tomentose usually
acuminate base rounded or somewhat cordate lateral veins numerous
clearly marked beneath, inflorescence pubescent or glabrescent, flowers
54-merous, P. eximia, Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 157. Irina glabra, Blume

ydr, 230. Eccremanthus eximius, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 272,
t x Nephelium eximium, Z'hwaites Enum. 57.—Rumph. Herb. Amboin. iii.

» V. 17.

EASTERN PEsNINsuLA ; South Andamans, Kurz; Matacca, Maingay; CEYLosN, in

e Central province, Thwaites.—Distris. Malay Archipelago.

À tree ranging up to 60 ft. with terete glabrate branches. Leaves 1-3 ft. ; leaflets
n fing up to 14 by $ ft., the lower leaflets smaller, the lowest pair very small 4-13
ln. diam.; lateral veins alternately ending in a tooth ; petiolules very short. Flowers
very small, 5—4-merous, yellowish-green. Petals white, short, glabrous or hairy near

€ apex inside, with or without an adnate hairy scale. Disk bright red or orange.

lamens 5—4 ; filaments pubescent at least below. Fruit deep red or brown when ripe,
Blabrous, ellipsoidal or subglobose, 1-2 in. diam. Seeds oblong ; testa red ; aril white,
paque.—'limber useful. Fora figure and description of a monstrous leaf of this plant,
Ke a paper by Dr. A. Braun on the subject. This perhaps ought to be united to P.
kanata, J. H. & G. Forster Char. Gen. 110, t. 55, a native of Fiji and other South

a Islands ; it differs from the latter by rather more numerous less sessile less cordate
tnd not imbricating leaflets. . ...

Yam. ferruginea ; young parts inflorescence rachis of leaves and midrib of leaflets
frruginous-tomentose ; leatlets not exceeding 7 by 24 in.

` 17. HARPULLIA, Roxb.

Erect trees, Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate; leaflets alternate,
"lire, acuminate, subglabrous. lowers in racemes or panicles dicecious
Y polygamous, regular. Sepals 4-5, erect, equal, imbricated. Petals 4-5,

owly obovate, exceeding the cal , sometimes clawed, without either

ids or scales, but sometimes with inflected lobes at the base of the

na., Stamens 5-8, elongated, inserted within the obscure disk. Ovary
YY

692 XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) [ Harpullia,

tomentose, ellipsoidal or oblong, 2-celled ; ovules usually 2 together, e
posed. Style elongated; stigma linear, usually more or a Pee
Capsule coriaceous, inflated, 2-lobed, 2-celled, loculicidally 2-va " Bee
1-2-seeded. Seeds subglobose, exalbuminous, usually arillate.— DI
About 6 tropical Asiatic, Australian and Madagascar species.

1, H. cupanoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 86; Fl. Ind. ed, Carey, i aly
ed. 1832, i. 645 ; leaflets 6-12 alternate or opposite ovate or elliptic d
coriaceous lateral nerves neither stout nor approximate base o n fruit
cuneate shortly petiolate, panicles lax axillary and subtermiuad aue
glabrate or nearly so. Wall. Cat. 8078. Streptostigma vin — a
Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. 298, t. 9 (1854). H. imbricata, NM
Enum. 56; Bedd Fl. Sylv. t. 158. Otonychium imbricatum,
Rumph. iii. 180 (fide Thwaites). x

Currracone, Roxburgh. Brrma, Griffth. South AxDpAMANS, Kurz. aba
PENINSULA, from the Concan southwards. Crrton, in the Central province.—
Sumatra, Java, Borneo. -0. naH

A tree with straight trunk. Leaves 6-18 in.; leaflets 2-9 by 1-3 n.; piis
2-5 in. Panicles erect (in flower), 2-9 in. long. Flowers pale-yellow % S xi
$-4 in. long. Calyx $-} in. long, somewhat tomentose, deciduous ; pra
tuse. Petals glabrous except the claw, obtuse. Capsule 1 by 13-23 1n, C

re

E no-
pendulous, bright orange.—Some of Blume's species of Harpullia are probably =
nymous,

ees 9
18. ZOLLINGERIA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xli. ii. 303 (1873)

š ipulate ;

A glabrescent, shining tree, Leaves alternate, deciduous, exstih -
leaflets alternate, entire, papery. Panicles axillary and terma bricated ;
white, pedicelled. Calyx 5-partite ; sepals deciduous, une nad E the base
the inner 2 larger. | Petals 5, somewhat clawed, each furnishe s inserted
with an obtuse woolly scale half as long as themselves. Stamens * alf
within the obsolete disk ; filaments not exserted, longer slen di simple
oval, cells blunt. Ovary 3-sided, conical, attenuated inte e, papery,
3-dentate 3-sided style, 3-celled ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Capsules Seeds solitary
usually 1-celled, broadly 3-2-winged, septicida!ly dehiscent. A cotyledons
or 2 together, exalbuminous, without aril; testa membranous ;
large green plicate.—DrsTRIB. A monotypic genus.

s 4-5 oblong

l. Z. macrocarpa, Kurz lc. ; leaves glabrous, leaflet sule-wings

rather obtusely narrowed scarcely acuminate base oblique, cap
striate rounded at base truncate at apex.
Peau, at Prome, Kurz. : -pinnate OF
A tree up to 80 ft. ; young parts tawny-puberulent. Leaves 9-12 "ii al el ; peto"
rarely subabruptly pinnate ; leaflets 5-8 by 14-2 in.; lateral veins ber ent Pedicels
lules §-} in. Panicles 4-6 in., somewhat drooping, obsoletely pu “Petals à in. long,
in. Sepals about 4, in. long, obovate, ciliolated, subemarginate. bescent at base
ciliated, oblong, obtuse. Filaments pubescent. Ovary sparingly P"
Capsules 2-24 in. by 14-13 in., oblong, glabrate.

19. ACER, Tournef.
" j leaves, €

: i te

Trees with opposite simple or palmately lobed exstipula r flowers
minal and lateral racemes "or cordoba and polygamous Lo ith the
Calysx usually 5-partite, imbricated, deciduous. Petals 180

Aeer.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 693

sepals or 0, erect, shortly clawed, without scales; Stamens 4-19, usuall

ret on the glabrous disk; filaments usually shorter in the hera
P rodite than in the male flowers. Ovary 2- (rarely 3-) lobed and celled,
aterally compressed; cells 2-ovuled. Style ipartite; divisions linear,
stigmatose on the inner face. Fruit a double samara, indehiscent, Seeds
exalbuminous, exarillate; embryo conduplicate. — DISTRIB. A genus of
Ames species, found also in Europe, other parts of Asia, and in North

ca.

SEcT. I. Leaves undivided.
* Leaves with 3 basal nerves,

à 1. A. oblongum, Wall. in DC. Prodr. i. 593; Cat. 1222; leaves un-

lvided quite entire oblong or ovate acuminate glabrescent penninerved

silvery glaucous beneath base obtuse 3-nerved, cymes panicled contemporary

With the leaves pubescent. Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 31, t. 34; Brand. For.

Fl. 110; Royle Ill. 134, A. laurifolium, D. Don Prodr. 249. A. Buzim-
a, Hamilt. ex D. Don l.c.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, alt. 2-3000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 3-5000 ft. ;

hotan, and the Mishmi hills.—Disrrm. Hongkong, Lochow Islds.

A tree of 40-50 ft.; trunk 1-2 ft. diam. Leaves more or less persistent, dark-green
foove, 2-7 by 3-3 in., minutely reticulated ; petioles 3-34 in., usually about half the
ength of their leaves. Sepals and petals narrow, 45—, in. Stamens 8, exserted, gla-
brous, Ovary hairy. Fruit glabrous; carpels 1-1} in. long; wings venose, diverging,
Contracted below, back nearly straight ; cells woody, angular, clothed inside with white

alrs.— Wood reddish, used for agricultural implements, and in Tibet for drinking

Cups.
Var, ? microcarpum; carpels 1—š in. long. Mishmi hills, Grifith.

2. A. niveum, Blume Cent. Plant. Nov. ; Rumph. iii. 193, t. 167 B, fig. 15
leaves undivided quite entire elliptic or oblong acuminate or caudate

glabrescent penninerved white-glaucous beneath base rounded 3-nerved,
cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the leaves, A. laurinum,

Hassk, in Tydschr. Nat. Wetersch. x. 138 (1843); Cat. Pl. Hort. Bog. 222
(without description in either case). A. javanicum, Jungh. in Tydschr. Nat.
Wetersch. viii. 391 (1841), not of Burmann.

Upper Assam, Grifith. Marrasan, at Moulmein, Helfer —D
A tree of 100-150 ft. Leaves 3-8 by 1-34 in. ; petioles 1-3 in, Cyme
Yellowish-green. Sepals lanceolate or oblong, gin. Petals equalling or shorter than
e sepals. Stamens 6-8, glabrous, short, included (in hermap irodite flowers). Ovary
airy. Fruit glabrous; carpels 3-24 in. long; wings venose, widening upwards, bac

but little curved, cells not angular.

3. A. levigatum, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 3, t. 104; Cat. 1223; leaves
undivided quite entire or minutely serrate when young ovate or oblong
acuminate glabrous shining penninerved reticulated green on both sides

ase rounded 3-nerved, cymes panicled glabrous contemporary with the
eaves, Brand. For, Fl. 110, non Hort.

Temperate Haraya; alt. 5-9000 ft., from Simla to Sikkim. Kuasta Mrs., alt.
ft.

—Distrm. Sumatra, Java.
8 lax ; flowers

A large tree; trunk 30-40 ft. high, 34 ft. diam. Leaves 21-6 by 1-2 in., more
Strongly reticulated than in A. oblongum; petioles 3-3 in. Cymes laxer than in A,

m. Sepals 5, ovate or lanceolate, yg in. Petals 5, obtuse, clawed, white,
Yr-$in. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted. Ovary hairy. Fruit glabrous ; carpels

694 XLIV. SAPINDACEE. (W.P. Hiern.) [ Acer.

1-1] in. long; wings venose, slightly diverging, widened above, back usually curved;
cells not angular.—Wood used for building.

** Leaves with 5 basal nerves.

4, A. sikkimense, Mig. in Archives Néerlandaises, ii. 471 ; leanne
divided minutely serrate ovate cuspidate subcoriaceous gla roan cts
nerved both sides green base cordate 5-nerved, racemes spicate
porary with the leaves glabrate. d dis

Eastern Temperate HiwALAYA, from Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft., and Bhotan, to
Mishmi hills, Griffith. : | . T

A large tall tree. Leaves 3-6 by 1$-38 in. ; petioles 3-1} in. Baoen eaa
or shorter than the leaves; pedicels very short alternate and opposite. 1 T in. long;
late. Petals short. Stamens glabrous, short. Fruit glabrous; carpels $73 In.

M ç t
wings venose, diverging, widened above, back straight or slightly curved; cells no
angular.

5. A. Hookeri, Mig. in Archives Néerlandaises, ii. 471 ; rice
divided finely duplicato-serrate ovate caudate-acuminate su € nearly
subglabrate both sides green base 5-nerved cordate, racemes simp
equalling and contemporary with the leaves puberulent. pool
Pn TemMPERATE HIMALAYA; Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft, J. D. H.
ifith. : . : ! in.;
A tree of 40-50 ft. Leaves 24-6 by 11—34 in. ; petioles 1-2 in. up mn.
pedicels 4-2 in. Flowers jin. glabrous. Sepals elliptic or ovate. brons ; olf
about equalling the sepals. Stamens 8, scarcely exserted. Fruit gia cells not

#-4 in. long; wings venose, diverging, widened above, back slightly curved ; ce
angular.

ce vate
6. A. stachyophyllum, Hiern ; _ leaves undivided Ser elabrOus
caudate-acuminate submembranous penninerved upper di d D nerv
lower surface hoary-velvety base rounded or slightly hollow
racemes simple or branched about equalling the leaves. — . 100005;
j Tasman, Taurerare HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, in the Lachoong valley alt, 919;
. D.H. Buoran, Griffith. : , known.
A small tree. DA 241-33 by 14-24 in.; petioles 1-3 Im. ioc geen and
Fruit glabrous ; carpels 13-2 in. long; wings venose, somewhat widened wp
diverging ; cells angular, cuneate at base, woody.

Secr. IT. Leaves 3-lobed.

. . leaves
7. A. isolobum, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xli. 302, 1873; terved
deeply 3-lobed glabrous shining acutely serrulate base subcordate
lobes lanceolate acuminate acute.
Prev, Kurz.

Le . : $ and
i eh glabrous tree. Leaves 3-41 by 3-5 in. wide; petioles 1-2 1n. Flower
fruit unknown.

- leaves
8. A. pentapomicum, J. L. Stewart ex Brand. For. a n »
3-lobed glabrescent except tufts of hairs in theaxils of the on fasci
base truncate or cordate lobes ovate obtusely serrate, peduncles Kashmir t
NonrH WESTERN TEMPERATE Himataya; in hot dry places ve
Kumaon, alt. 2300-5300 ft. dish. Leaves ib 4
A tree; girth of trunk rarely as much as 54 ft.; twigs grey or red s, aves ; petioles
by 21-6 in, pale on both sides; lobes about half the depth ” the " unknown. P
34-4 in., thinly tomentose when young, afterwards glabrate. y

Acer.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W.P.Hiern) . 695

duncles in short little-branched corymbose cymes, which measure 2-3 in. long. Fruit
glabrous; carpels 1 in. long; wings venose, slightly diverging, widening above, back
nearly straight; cells somewhat nodose.

SECT. III. Leaves 5-lobed and nerved (3-lobed in A. villosum var.
msona).

9. A. cesium, Wall, ex Brand. For. Fl. 111, t. 21; leaves palmately
5-lobed pale beneath serrate base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate acuminate
asal ones smaller, cymes corymbose appearing after the leaves.

. TEMPERATE WESTERN HiwaravA, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-10,000 ft., extend-
ing to Kumaon.

A tree, 70-80 ft. high. Leaves 34-7 by 4-8 in., thinly pubescent, especially on the
veins beneath, usually glabrescent except in the axils of the 5 (rarely 7) basal nerves ;
Petioles 21.61 in. Cymes nearly equalling the leaves; flowers pentamerous. Petals
Short, white. Stamens short. Fruit glabrate ; carpels 12-2 in. long; wings venose,
somewhat diverging, back slightly curved; cells angular, black.— Wood soft ; inferior

drinking cups are made of it in Tibet.

10. A. villosum, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 4; Cat. 1927 ; leaves normally
5-lobed upper surface glabrate lower surface pubescent or nearly glabrate
rather paler base cordate 5-nerved lobes ovate or lanceolate serrate or repand,
Tacemes branched or simple pubescent usually appearing rather before the

ves, Brand. For, Fl. 111. <A. sterculiaceum, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. ii. 3,
t. 105; Cat, 1224.

Temperate WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 7-9000 ft.

A large handsome tree. Leaves 34-10 in. long and wide; petioles 2-5 in. Cymes

teral shorter than the leaves. Sepals elliptic or ovate, ciliate, 3-nerved. Petals
linear-oblong, ciliate, about equalling the calyx. Stamens 5-8, glabrous, exserted.

ruit puberulent, brownish ; carpels 14-2} in. long, diverging ; wings venose, margins
$ten crenulate, back rather curved; cells angular-nervose. — According to Dr.
Wallich his A. sterculiaceum differs from the type of A. villosum in being much
Smoother; he thinks, however, that this difference may perhaps be due to its less
elevated situation.

Van, Tuomsont, Mig. in Archives Néerlandaises, ii. 470 (sp.) ; basal lobes of leaves
obsolete, the three other lobes small, fruit 2-3 in. long.—Sikkim Himalaya, alt.
7-9000 ft., J. D. H.; Bhotan, Grifith.—This is probably A. platanifolia, Grif. Itin.
Notes, 200, and perhaps distinct from A. villosum.

ll. A. caudatum, Wall. Pl. As, Rar. ii. 4, 28, t. 132 ; Cat. 1225; leaves
5-lobed serrate submembranous nearly or quite glabrescent except axils o
the 5 basal nerves base cordate or truncate lobes ovate caudate the two

asal ones small, racemes short in flower longer in fruit nearly glabrous.
Brand, For, Fl. 112. A. pectinatum, Wall, lc. ; Cat, 1226. A. acuminatum,

all. ex D. Don Prodr. 249.

Temperate Himaraya; from Chumba to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft. . .

A lar ge tree, with somewhat glaucous shoots. Leaves in some cases with persistent
Puberulence especially along the veins beneath, 24-5 in. long and u e; pet o »
143) in., reddish, paberile. Cymes appearing about the mit the leaves. pol

in, oblong, obtuse, whitish, 5-4. Petals white, obovate, rather 8 orter t ian e cal yx.

mens 4—6, exserted. Fruit glabrous, subglaucous ; carpels t in. long, m re o
less diverging or (in A. pectinatum) quite patent; wings pink, or at length | errugin xs,
Ygnose, back arcuate, front sinuous-crenulate ; cells rugose, darker.—A. pectina
form with setosely serrate leaves.

696 XLIV. SAPINDACEZ. (W. P. Hiern.) [Acer

Sect. IV. Leaves 7—5-lobed and -nerved.

12. A.'Campbellii, Hook. f. & Thoms. mss. in Hb. Kew. ; Brand. For.
FI. 109 ; leaves 5-7-lobed glabrescent except axils of the 5-7 basal nerves
serrulate both sides green base hollowed or truncate, cymes pyramidal or
elongated subglabrous appearing with the leaves.

- Srm HIMALAYA, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. . th

A tree of 50 ft. Leaves of a beautifully green colour, pendulous, pilose benea
when quite young, 3-5 by 4-7 in.; lobes lanceolate or ovate-caudate ; etioles Te
dish, 12-3. Cymes 2-6 in. long; flowers short, green. Sepals 5, ovate. tals ie
shorter than the sepals, obtuse, plicate at base. Stamens 8, reddish, about equalling
the calyx; filaments short. Fruit glabrous, 2-1 in. long; carpels divaricate; wings
venose, widened above, back slightly curved; cells globose darker, nearly smoo

13. A. pictum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 162 ; leaves 5-7-lobed submembranos
glabrescent except hairy tufts on the axils of the 5-7 basal nerves bo
sides green base cordate or hollowed lobes lanceolate or caudate eni
cymes corymbose appearing with the leaves. Brand., For. FI. 112; u^
Ann, Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 951. A. letum, C. A. Mey. Verz, Pf. Cauc. 10.
Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 949. A. truncatum, Bunge Enum. Pl. China Bor. 0.
A. cultratum, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. ii. 4; Wall. Cat. 1228. A. ole
Hort. A. sterculiaceum, Grif. Itin. Notes 148, not of Wall. A. TEPA
Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 68.

TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Kashmir, alt. 4-6000 ft., to Bhotan, alt. 9-10,000 f.—
Disrrrs. Eastward to China, J apan, and westward to Persia and the Caucasi. la
i a troo of small or moderate size. Leaves 2-53 by 24-64 kar n K

rous, in. mes 1-6 in.; flowers §—-} in. long, on slender peaice’®. i ;
long. - Petals spathulate, equalling the AR Stamens 8, included. Fruit gabs
carpels 13-13 in. long, divaricating almost in one line; wings sinuous,
arcuate; cells compressed.— Wood white, light, fine-grained.

venose,

20. DOBINEA, Hamilt.

A shrub with terete virgate branches. Leaves undivided, ae
toothed, opposite, exstipulate, petioled. Panicles terminal, pyrentate,
leafy below, flowers small unisexual, glabrous. Calyx cup-shaped, * 4, lan-
base subturbinate, altogether wanting in the female flower. £95 a) er.
ceolate-spathulate, exceeding the calyx, wanting in the female female
Stamens 8, alternately shorter, exserted, glabrous, wanting 1n de female
flower; anthers short, Disk wanting in the male, annular in the in the
flower, glabrous. Ovary sessile, lenticular, 1-celled, rudimentary er side
male flower ; style filiform, spirally involute, stigmatose on the iy cilis
and at the apex ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit compressed, short ihe b
on the margin, indehiscent, borne on widely bracteate pedicels, it
being adnate to the pedicel and exceeding both it and the m coty-
solitary, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate ; testa membranon?
ledons flat, accumbent ; radicle short.—DisrRiE. A monotypie genu» ;

l. D. vulgaris, Hamilt. ex D. Don Prodr. 249 ; leave ore ba
ceolate acutely acuminate minutely ‘hairy on veins, acumen quite en

rounded. Wall. Cat. 1229. 7 ;
CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA $ Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ™ Ë EC
Mishmi hills, Griffith. qu hortly pu ;

Branched, 5-8 ft, high, aromatic or with smell of ivy: Branchlets s

Dobinea.] XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 697

Leaves 3-7 by 1-2 in.; petioles $—18 in., pubescent. Panicles ranging [up to 2 ft. in
width. Flowers 15-35 ln. diam. ; bracts linear, shortly pubescent, free ; those close to
the fruit obcordate-orbicular, venose, -$ in. diam., rose-coloured. Fruit 1 in. diam.

21. DODON ÆA, Linn.

Shrubs rarely arborescent. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. —Znflorescence
lateral and terminal Flowers polygamous, inconspicuous. Sepals 5-2
imbricated or valvate. Petals wanting, Stamens 10-5, usually 8, inserted
on the outer side of the disk; filaments short; anthers linear-oblong.
Disk obsolete in the male flower, small in the female, Ovary 3-6-sided and
-celled ; style 3-6-sided, apex 3-6-cleft. Ovules 2 together, collateral or
superposed. Capsule 2-6-sided, membranous or coriaceous, septicidally
2-6-valved ; valves winged at the back ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds lenticular
or subglobose, compressed, exalbuminous, exarillate, funicle thickened;
embryo spirally involute.—DISTRIB. A genus of some 40 species or more,
mostly endemic in Australia.

Dodonza (sp.) in Herb. Hohenack. n. 2355, is Aspidopterys canarensis, Dalz.

1. D. viscosa, Linn. Mant. Pl. alt. 228 ; leaves undivided oblanceolate
viscid-shining glabrous subapiculate base cuneate-attenuate subsessile
Margin revolute entire or nearly so, cymes short, wings of each carpel
oblong-orbicular extending from the base to the style. Baker in Oliv. Fl
Trop. Afr. i, 433; Benth. Fl. Austral, i. 475; Brand. For, Fl. 113; Boiss.
Fl. Orient. i. 953. D. angustifolia, Linn. f. Suppl. Pl. 218; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii.
256. D. dioica, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 28; Fl. Ind, ii. 256. D. Burmanniana,
DC. Prodr. i. 616; Wight Ill. i. t.52; W. & A. Prodr. 114; Grah. Cat.
Bomb. Pl. 30; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. £1.36; Thwaites Enum: 59. D. pallida,
Mig. in Herb. Hohenack. n. 1068, D. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. i. 617. D.
Wightiana, Blume Rumph. ii. 189. D. pentandra, Griff. Notul. iv. 548.
D. heterophylla, Hortul. ex G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 674. Wall. Cat. 8081.
Ptelea viscosa, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. 118; Burm. Fl. Ind. 36. D. spathulata,
Sm. in Rees Cyc. xii. n. 2. D. arabica, Hochst. & Steud. in Herb. Arab.
Schimp. n, 766.—Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 23. Rumph. Herb. Amboin, iv. t. 50.

Throughout Innia, from the Indus Eastwards and Southwards to CEvrLow and

Lacca.—Disrris. All warm countries. |
An evergreen shrub occasionally growing into a small tree. Shoots terete or some-
What angular. Leaves more or less viscid with a shining yellowish resin, very variable

In breadth, 1-5 by 4-1) in. Sepals oblong, 5-4 in. long, about equalling the stamens.
Capsule compressed, glabrous, $-1 in. broad.—Several synonyms, not strictly Indian,

are omitted.
91.5 MELIANTIZEUS, Tournef.

Shrubby glabrous plants with a strong odour. Leaves alternate, stipulate,
unequally pinnate; leaflets toothed, decurrent. acemes axillary and ter-
minal. lowers bracteate, hermaphrodite irregular, sometimes apetalous.
Calyx laterally com ressed, 5-partite, base with a saccate gibbosity ; lobes
Unequal, imbricated. Petals excentric, declinate, subperigynous, narrow,
$ng-clawed ; the fifth petal very small or wantiüg. Stamens 4, didynamous,
declinate, inserted within the disk. Disk unilateral honeyed. Ovary
oblong, 4-lobed, 4-celled, style filiform, 4-toothed deeply at apex ; ovules 2-4

ether. Capsule papery, vesicular, deeply 4-lobed, 4-celled. Seeds

subglobose, exarillate ; albumen flesby or horny.—Distris, A small South
can genus,

698 XLIV. SAPINDACEZX. (W.P. Hiern.) — [Melianthus.

1. Melianthus major, Lin.; a South African plant, occurs In
Kumaon, where it is said to be an introduction, and has been cultivate "
the Nilghiris where it was first noticed by Wight (Kew Distrib. n. 5 in
is established at Ootacamund (Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. lxxi), MN b
Bhotan reaches a limit of 9500 feet (Grif. Journ. 265), It is an unders n
with glabrous coarsely serrate leaves emitting a fetid scent when bros Pt
it is synonymous with M. Himalayanus, Wall. Cat. 1190 ; Miq. in Her E
Ind. Or. Hohenacker. n. 1059; Planch. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. A as
t. 20, f. 1-13; Hook. f. in Journ. Bot. 1873, 356.—The claw of the peta has
pubescent in the flower of Wallich's specimen, which I examined, an

the character fails which Dr. Planchon relied on for the discrimination 0
Wallich's species.

22. STAPHYLEA, Linn.

Branched shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leaves opposite, stipulata
trifoliate or pinnate ; leaflets stipellate, serrulate. nflorescence ister hei
terminal, bracteate, pedicels jointed in the middle. Flowers regu n cis.
maphrodite, pendulous. Sepals 5, oblong, imbricated, coloured, deci erte
Petals 5, as long as the sepals, obovate, imbricated, white. Stamens 9, tb low:
on the edge ofthe disk between its lobes ; filaments slender, pubescent, ; t
anthers versatile, shortly oblong. Ovary 3-2-lobed and -celled ; sty tow,
slender; stigmas subcapitate; ovules 6 or more in each cell, vi elled ;
anatropous. Capsule membranous, vesicular-inflated, 3-2-lobed an f -¢ wit
carpels dehiscing at the apex along the ventral suture. Seeds iew, ecies
globose, exarillate ; testa hard ; albumen fleshy.—DisrRis. About 4 spect"
occurring in North America, Europe, and Asia.

1, S. Emodi, Wall. Cat. 4275; leaves glabrescent or thinly pubesors
beneath trifoliolate leaflets nearly equal ovate or elliptic acumina e er
beneath membranous base obtuse or cuneate lateral ones subsessile te
one petioled, anthers shortly apiculate. Brand. For. Fl. 114.

Western Temperate HIMALAYA ; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 6-7000 ft. —Drerm
Affghanistan. in.: petioles
A small tree with spotted bark. Leaves 4-14 in.; leaflets 2-6 by 1-3 th D Tucous.
14-64 in.; terminal petiole 1-13 in.; stipules linear, stipels setaceous, bot ls. Cap-
Cymes rather dense, 13-4 in. ; flowers } in. long, about equalling the pedice 5 i folia,
sules 2-3 in. long; base turbinate.— Probably a form of the N. Amer ss obtuse.
Linn., differing only from the type by less pubescent foliage and anther-tips !e85

23. TUR PINIA, Vent.

Glabrous and shining trees or shrubs, with smooth terete bra
Leaves opposite, stipulate, usually odd-pinnate ; leaflets opposite, SUP small,
serrulate, subcoriaceous. Panicles terminal and axillary ; fore imbri-
regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, imbricated. Petals. » disk;
cated. Stamens 5, inserted outside the lobed or crenulate rai celled ;
filaments flattened; anthers short. Ovary sessile, 3-lobed an "s ther oF
styles 3, combined or distinct ; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules ee :
more and then in two rows. Fruit subglobose, indehiscent, . aril €
Seeds angular; testa hard, shining ; hile large; albumen fleshy ;
Embryo straight.—Disrrr. A genus of a few species widely dispers

um vate
1. T. pomifera, DC. Prodr. ii, 3 ; leaflets 3-9 elliptic oblong ^f 3576,
acuminate, primary branches of the panicles opposite. Wall. vo

Turpinia. | XLIV. SAPINDACEX. (W. P. Hiern.) 699

Dalrympelia pomifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 17 ; Cor. Pl. t. 299; Fl. Ind. i.
633. T. nepalensis, Wall. Cat. 4277 ; W. & A. Prodr. 156 ; Wight Ic. t. 972 ;
Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 159 ; Thwaites Enum. 71. T. microcarpa, W. & A. Prodr.
156. T. martabanica, Wall. Cat. 4278. T. latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4939. Cana-
rium Sajiga, Ham. ex W. & A. Prodr. 175.— Wall, Cat, 8104.

EASTERN SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 2-7000 ft. ; the
KHASIA Mrs.; Assam, SILHET, CACHAR, CHITTAGONG, BIRMA to PENANG. WESTERN
PzxiNsULA ; from the Concan southwards. Ceyion.—Disrris. Yunan, China, &c.

_ A leafy tree, sometimes large, occasionally only a shrub ; foliage like that of Bischoffia
avanica, Blume. Leaves 5-20 in. long; stipules interpetiolar, triangular, caducous ;
aflets 24-8 by 1-3 in. ; petiolules of the lateral ones short, of the terminal ones ranging
up to 2 in.; stipels lanceolate-subtlate, caducous. Fruit 4-2 in. diam., purplish,
fellow or green.—There are two well marked forms of this species, connected, however,
y intermediate ones; a. leaflets more oblong, branches of the corymbose panicle rather
stout, flowers yellowish 3 in. diam., petals not ciliate, ovules about 8 together, fruit very
fleshy large ; 8. (T. nepalensis) leaflets more ovate, branches of the depresso-pyramidal
iuo. less stout, flowers white 7; in. diam., petals shortly ciliate, ovules 2-3 together,
t small nearly dry. The synonymy for the extra-Indian forms is not given.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.’

— F VH

The Synonyms and Species incidentally mentioned are printed in Italics.

P
Abelmoschus angulosus, i

W.&A. . 841
crinitus, Wall . 942
esculentus, W. & A. . 343
ficulneus, 'W. & A. . 340
moschatus, Mench.. 342
racemosus, Wall.. . 342
rugosus, W. & A. . 942
tetraphyllus, Grah. . 341
Warreensis, Dalz. . 341

Aberia, Hochst. . 195
Gardneri, Clos. . 195
Abroma, J . 975
angulata, . 975
augusta, ion . 875
fastuosum, Gaertn. . 975
Wheeleri, Retz. . . 375
Abutilon, Gaertn. . . 325

albidum, Webb, &

Berth. . 828
asiaticum, G. Don . 826
asiaticum, W. & A. 326

auritum (Sida) Wall. 328
Avicenna, Gertn. . 927
bidentatum, Hochst. 326
crispum, G. Don . 327
fruticosum, Guill. d

Perr. . 828
glaucum, Don . 927
graveolens, W. & A. 327
hirtum, W. & A. . 327
indicum, G. Don . 326
Leschenaultianum,

Don 825

microphyllum, A. Rich. 328
muticum, G. Don . 827
neilgherrense, Munro 328
papleoifokum, G. g
‘ 2
ipsa. Schlecht 825
populifolium, G. wees 826
ramosum, Guill.
Perr. ` * LE ` + us

tomentosum, W. & A. 327
Acanthophyllum, C. A.

ey.. + . . 216
macrodon, Edge. . 216
Acer, Tournef. . . 692
acuminatum, Wall.. 695
Buzimpala, Ham. . 693
cæsium, Wall. . 695
Campbellii, H. f. d
T... . . + 696
caudatum, Wall. . 695
colchicum, Hort. 696
cultratum, Wall. . 696
Hookeri, Mig. . . 694
isolobum, Kurz . . 694
javanieum, Jungh. . 693
latum, O. A. Mey. . 696
levigatum, Wall. . 693
laurifolium, D. Don 693
laurinum, Hassk. . 693
Mono, Maxim. 696
niveum, Bl. . . 698
oblongum, Wall. 693
pectinatum, Wall. 695
pentapomicum, J. L.
Stew. . . . 694
pictum, Thunb. . 696
platanifolia, Grif. . 695
sikkimense, Mig. . 694
stachyophyllum,
irn . . . + 694
sterculiaceum, Wall. 695
sterculiaceum, Griff. 696
Thomsoni, Miq. . . 695
truncatum, Bunge . 696
villosum, Wall. . . 695
Achyranthes — corym-
bosa, Linn. . . 245
Aconitum, Jinn. . 27
Atees, Royle 29
cordatum, Royle. . 29

Page
dissectum, Don . 29
ferox, Wall. 28
ferox, Wall. . . 29
heterophyllum, Wall. 29
leve, Royle . 28
lethale, Griff... 28

luridum, H. f. € T.
Lycoctonum, Linn. . 28

multifidum, Royle . 29
Napellus, Zinn. . 28
oliganthemum,Kerner 29
palmatum, Don . 28
rotundifolium, Kar

& Kir. . . 29
Tianschanicum, Ost.

& Rupr. 29
uncinatum, Linn. . 28
variegatum, H. f.

&T. . .. . 28
virosum, Don . . 28

Acosmia rupestris,

Benth . . 217

Acronodia punctata,
Bl. . 408
Acronychia, Forst. . 498
laurifolia, Bl. 498
pedunculata, Miq. . 498
Porteri, H. f. . . 498
Acrotrema, Jack. . . 32
Arnottianum, Wight 32
bullatum, Thw. . . 33
costatum, Jack. 32
costatum, Wall. . 32
dissectum, Thw. . 34
Gardneri, Thw. . 33
intermedium, Thw.. 33

lanceolatum, Hook.. 33
lyratum, Thw.

sylvaticum, Thw. .
Thwaitesii, H. f. d T. 34

uniflorum, Hook. 33
Walkeri, Wight. . 33
Wightianum, W. & A. 32

709

Wightianum, Wall.
Actza, Linn. . .
acumanata, Wall.
cimicifuga, Linn.
frigida, Royle
spicata, Linn.
Actinidia, Lindl. .
callosa, Lindl. .
Kolomitka, Rupr.
strigosa, Hook. .
Adansonia, Linn. .
digitata, Linn.
Adenostemma glandu-
loswm, Benth.
Adinandra, Jack.
acuminata, Korth. .
crenulata, 7. And. .
cyrtopoda, Miq. .
dasyantha, Chois.
dumosa, Jack. .
glabra, Miq. . .
Griffithii, Dyer .
integerrima, T. And.
Jackiana, Korth. .
lasiopetala, Chois. .
maculosa, 7. And. .
stylosa, Miq.. . .
trichocoryna, Korth.
villosa, Chois. . .
Adonis, Linn.
wstivalis, Linn. . .
chrysseyathus, H. f.

Inglisii, Royle
marginata, Bienert .
pyrenaica, H. f.

& T.

scrobiculata, Boiss. .
Agle, Corr. . .
Marmelos, Corr. .
Aisculus, Linn. .
asamicus, Griff. .
Hippocastanum,
Linn. .
indica, Colebr.
punduana, Wall.
Aglaia, Lour. . °.
? andamanica, Hiern
apiocarpa, Hiern
chittagonga, Miq.
cordata, Hiern .
crassinervia, Kurz .

2 decandra, Wall. . 562
Dookoo, Griff. . . 558
edulis, A. Gr. " 556
glabriflora, Hiern . 555
grata, Wall... . . 555
khasiana, Hiern . 554

racemosa, H. f. & T.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page
lepidota, Miq. . 555
midnaporensis, Carey 555
minutiflora, Bedd. . 557
odorata, Lour. . 554
palembanica, Mig. . 557
pentaphylla, Kurz . 554
perviridis, Hiern . 556
polyantha, Bedd. . 557
? polystachya, Wall. 559
Roxburghiana, Mig. 555
sexipetala, Griff. . 556
Sippannas, Miq. |. 557
Spanoghei, Bl . ^. 555
spectabilis, Hort. Calc. 561
tenuicaulis, Hiern . 556
tomentosa, Teysm. &
Binnend. . . . 557
Wallichii, Hiern . 555
Agrostemma inflata,
Don. . . . . 225
Aiintus, Desf.. . . 518
excelsa, Roxb. . 518
glandulosa, Desf. 518
malabarica, DC. . 518
Alima ? cristatum, Wall. 651
Allophyllus lanatus,
Roxb. . . . 674
ornitrophioides, Rox. 674
ternatus, Lour. . . 674
Allophylus, Linn. . . 673
Cobbe, Bl. 673
pinnatus, Roxb. . 674
zeylanicus, Linn. 673
Alphonsea, H.f.& T.. 88
elliptica, H. f. & T. . 90
lutea, Z.f. & T. 89
madraspatana, Bedd. 89
Maingayi, H. f. & T. 90
sclerocarpa, Thw. 89
ventricosa, H. f.d T. 89
zeylanica, H. f. & T. 89
Alsine Meyeri, Boiss. . 236
Roylei, Fenzl 236
ALSINEE . . 213
Alsinella Wallickiana,
Benth. . . 230
Alsodeia, Thouars. . . 186
bengalensis, Wall. . 186
Brownii, Korth.. . 187
dasycaula, Miq. . 188
echinocarpa, Korth. . 188
Griffithii, H. f. & T. 187
lanceolata, Wall. 188
macrophylla, Don . 187
Maingayi, H. f. & T. 188
mollis, H. f. & T. . 188
obtusa, Korth. 187

SYNONYMS.
Page
Roxburghii, Z. f. . 186
virgata, Thw. 189

Wallichiana, ZI. f. &T. 187
zeylanica, 7Àw. . . 187

ALSODEIEX . . 182
Althza, Linn. . 919
chinensis, Wall.. . 319

coromandelina, Cay. 319

Ludwigi, Zinn.. . 319
officinalis, Linn. . 319
rosea, Linn. . + + 319
Taurinensis, DC. . 319
ALYSSINER . . . + 129
Alyssum, Linn. . 141
canescens, DC. . 141
maritimum, Linn, . 141
minimum, Willd. . 141
tenuifolium, DC.. 141
cochlearioides 145

Alytostylis parviflora
Griff. . >

409
Amoora, Roxb. . 559
? auriculata, LM 560
en
EH. 560
? Championii, "Benth.
& H. f. - . 562
559

chittagonga, Hiern ç
cucullata, Roxb.. . 560
decandra, Hiern
lanceolata, Hiern
Lawii, Benth.

macrophyllay. Nimmo 559
Maingayi, Hiern e
Rohituka, s
rubescens, Hiern - 56
rubiginosa, Grif. - :
spectabilis, Mig. - EU i
AMPELIDEE. °
Ampelopsis malayana, M
Royle . HH
meilgherrensis, Wight 50
t ternata, DC. -
Amyris acuminata, ” 530
Roxb. .
? Agallocha, Roxb. . on
Commiphora, Roxb. re
dentata, Willd. - 5
‘leadensis; Roxb. ph
heptaphylla, Roxb. i
pentaphylla, xb. » 05
nctata, Roxb.. ° rt
simplicifolia, Roxb, 506
suffruticosa, 505
sumatrana, Rox rw * 539
zeylanica, Retz. + * 580
Anacolosa, Bl. . * * TA
densiflora, Bedd» -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

`

Griffithii, Mast. .

? heptandra, Maing.

ilicoides, Mast.

Maingayi, Mast.

puberula, Kurz
Anamirta, Colebr. .

Cocculus, W. € A. .

flavescens, Miers

paniculata, Colebr. .

toxifera, Miers .

Anaxagorea, St. Hil. .

javanica, Bl.

luzonensis, A. Gr. .

zeylanica, H.f.&. T.

Ancistrocladus, Wall..

attenuatus, Dyer.
extensus, Wall. .
extensus, Wall. ?

Griffithii, Planch. .
Heyneanus, Wall. .
pinangianus, Wall .

sagittatus, Wall.
? sagittatus, Wall.
_stelligerus, Wall.
Vahlii, Arn. .

Page
580
581

299

Wallichii, Planch. . 300
Ancistrolobus ^ glauces-

cens, Turcz.

`
`

258

Andersonia cucullata,

Roxb. . . .
Rohitoca, Griff. .
Rohituka, Roxb.

Anemone, Linn.
albana, Stev.. .
biflora, DC. . .
curta, Wall. .
cynosurus, Griff.

?
.

.

demissa, H. f. & T.

discolor, Royle .
dubia, Wall. .
elongata, Don
Falconeri, Thoms.
geraniifolia, Wall.

Gortschakowii, Kar.

&Kir . .
Govaniana, Wall.

Govaniana, Royle .

Griffithii, H. f. & T.

hispida, Wall.
longiscapa, Wall.

micrantha, Klotzsch

mollis, Wall.. .
narcissiflora, Zinn.
obtusiloba, Don
polyanthes, Don
rivularis, Ham. .
rivularis, Wall. .
rupestris, Wall.

560
559
559

=

mn
© C tO «O co O 00 Qo tO % Go tO OO -1 e° Qo O “O GO cO o t5-p--

[E]

=

Page

rupicola, Camb.. . 8
scaposa, Edgw. . . 9
tetrasepala, Royle . 10
trullifolia, H. f. € 7T. 9
villosa, Royle . . 9
vitifolia, Ham. . . 8
Wallichiana, Royle 7
Wightiana, Wall. 9
ANEMONEE . . .
Anisadenia, Wall. .
Khasyana, Griff.
pubescens, Grif. . 413
saxatilis, Wall. . . 412
Anisoptera, Korth. . . 300

=

` 412
` 412

glabra, Kurz . 301
oblonga, Dyer . . 301
odorata, Kurz . 901
Anneslea, Wall. . . 280
crassipes, Hook.. . 280
fragrans, Wall. . . 280
Anneslia spinosa,

. Roxb. . . . . 115
Anomosanthes deficiens,
Bl . . o

.. 71
Anoda, Cav. 321
hastata, Linn. 321
Anona, Linn. 78

reticulata, Linn.

squamosa, Linn.. . 78
ANONACGEE . . , + 45
Anquetilia Laureola,

Dene. . . . . 499
Antheeischima excelsa,

Korth. . . . .
Antichorus depressus,

Lin. . . . . 398
Antitaxis, Miers 106

fasciculata, Miers 106
Aporetica ternata, J.R.

& G. Forst. 674
Apodytes, E. Mey. . 587

Andamanica, Kurz . 588

Beddomei, Mast. . 588

Benthamiana, Wight 588

Gardneriana, Miers . 588
Apteron, Kurz . . . 645

lanceolatum, Kurz . 643
Aquilegia, Linn. . 23

alpina, Linn. . . 24

fragrans, Benth. 24

glandulosa, Fisch. . 24

glauca, Lindl. . 24

jucunda, Fisch. &

Mey. .. . + 24

Kanawarensis,Camb. 24

Moorotufiions WI: n

Olympica, Boiss. .

pulifora, Wall. . 94

pyrenaica, DC.
viscosa, Gouan .
vulgaris, Zinn. .
vulgaris, DC.

Aquilicia ottilis, Gærtn.

sambucina, Linn.

ARABIDEE . .
Arabis, Linn. . .

albida, Stev.
alpina, Zinn. .
amplexicaulis, Hdgw.
Aucheri, Boiss. .
auriculata, Lamk.
glabra, Crantz .
glandulosa, Kar &
Kir. "m
incanescens, Munro .
? leptocarpa, Wall. .
Montbretiana, Boiss.
nuda, B. Lang. .
perfoliata, Lamk. .
pterosperma, Edgw. .
scapigera, Boiss.
taraxacifolia, Anders.
Thaliana, Linn..
Thomsoni, H.f.. .
tibetica, H. f. & T.

Araliacea ? Kleinii,

W. & A.

Archytza, Mart. .

Vahlii, Chois.

Arenaria, Linn. .

Benthami, Zdgw.
ciliolata, Edgw. .
debilis, H. f. .
densissima, Wall.
festucoides, Benth. .
flaccida, Roxb. .
foliosa, Royle. . .
glanduligera, Edgw.
globiflora, Wall.
Griffithii, Boiss. .
holosteoides, Edgw. .
témbricata, M. Bieb.
juniperina, Fenzl .
Kashmerica, Edgw.
melandryoides, Edw.
Meyeri, Boiss.
monticola, Edgw.
muscifurmis, Wall..
neelgerrensis, W.44 .
orbiculata, Royle
oreophila, H. f. .
polytrichoides, Zdgw.
pulvinata, Edgw. .
rotundifolia,M.Bieb.
rubra, Linn. .
rupicola, Fenzl .

704
Page
serpyllifolia, Linn. . 239
Stracheyi, Edgw. . 240
tenera, Edgw. . . 242
trichotoma, Royle
235
Wallichiana, 'e-
ringe . . 239
Argemone, Linn. . 117
mexicana, Linn. 117
Aristega lævifolia,
Miers + + . . 101
Artabotrys, Br. . 53
burmanicus, A. DC. 55
caudatus, Wall.. . 55
crassifolius, H. f. &T. 54
hamatus, Bl. . . 54
Kurzii, H. f. & T.. 54
Maingayi, H. f. & T. 55
malayana, Gri . 83
odoratissimus, Br. . 54
pleurocarpus, Maing. 54
speciosus, Kurs 55
suaveolens, Bl. 55

zeylanicus, H.. f. & T. 54
Arthromischus arma-

Aseyrum, Linn. b
filicaule, w
Aspidocarya, H. f. & T. E

uvifera, H. f. & T.. 95
Aspidopterys, Juss. . 419
canarensis, Dalz. . 420

concava, Juss. 420, 422
cordata, Juss. . 21
glabriuscula, Juss. . 420
glomerata, Wight

hirsuta, Juss. 421
lanuginosa, Juss, 421
nutans, H. f.. 421
nutans, Juss.. . . 421

oxyphylla, Juss.. . 420
rotundifolia, Juss. . 421
Roxburghiana, Juss. 420
Rorburghiana, Juss. 421
tomentosa, Juss.. . 422
Wallichii, H.f.. . 421

. « 629
Atelanthera, H. f. & T. 133
perpusilla, H. f. & T. 133
Atalantia, Corr. . . 511
1 bilocularis, Wall. . 514

t bilocularis, Wall. . 508

| buxifolia, Oliv. . . 508
capitellata, Lindl. . 512

. carissoides, Wall. .

INDEX OP GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page
caudata, H. f. . 513
ceylanica, Oliv. . 512
floribunda, Wight . 512
missionis, Oliv. . 513
monophylla, Corr. . 511
platystigma, Wight . 512
racemosa, W. & A. . 512

Roxburghiana, H. f. 513
Roxburghiana, Oliv. 512
Atragene zeylanica,
Linn. . "m
Atrategia, Bedd. °
Thomsoni, Bedd.

74
75

AURANTIEE . . . . 484
Averrhoa, Linn. . 439
Bilimbi, Zinn. . 439
Carambola, Linn. . 439
Azadirachta indica,
Juss. . . 544
Azanza acuminata,
Alef. . , 945
Lampas, Alef. . 945
Balanites, Del. . 522
egyptiaca, Wall. . 522

Roxbarghii, Planch. 522
Balanopteris minor,

Gertn. . . . 363

Tothila, Gertn.. . 363
Balsamina chinensis,

DC. . 444
coecinea, pe. . 454
cornuta, DC. . . 454
fasciculata, DO. . 444
hortensis, DC. . . 454
latifolia, DC. . 450
Leschenaultii, DC. . 451
minor, DC. . . . 446
mysorensis, DO. . . 456
oppositifolia, DC. . 448

rosmarinifolia, DC. as
. 427

BALSAMINEXE . >.

Balsamodendron, Kth. 529
Berryi, Arn. . . 029
Gileadense, DC.. . 530
Mukul, Hook. . 529
pubescens, Stocks . 529
Roxburghii, Arn. . 529

Roxburghii, Stocks . 529

? Wightii, Arn. . . 529
Balsamodendrum ? zey-
lanicum, Kth. . 532
Bamia angulosa, Wall. 341
cancellata, Wall, . 342
crinita, Wall. . . 342
fusiformis, Wall. . 842
magnifica, Wall , 342
pungens, Wall . . 341

SYNONYMS,

Page

rugosa, Wall. . .942

tetraphylla, Wall. . 341
Banisteria bengalensis,

Linn. . . 418
tetraptera, Sonn. . 418
unicapsularis,Lamk. 418

Barbarea, Br. . . 134
arcuata, Reichb. 134
elata, H. f. £ T. 135
Iberica, DC. . 134
intermedia, Boreau . 134
precoz, Fries” 134
vulgaris, Br. + 134

Barclaya, Wall. + 115
longifolia, Wall. 115

Baterium validum,

Mies. . . . + 106

Beddomea, H. f. » . 566
indica, H. f. . . 566
simplicifolia, Bedd. . 566

BznssaEE . + e 1007

BzgssRIDER +» + + 107

Berberis, Linn. . + 108
acanthifolia, Wall.. 109
etnensis, Presl. . . 109
affinis, Don . . . 110
angulosa, Wall.. . ll
angustifolia, Roxb. - 110
aristata, DC. «+. + 110
aristata, DC. « + 110
asiatica, Roxb. . 110
asiatica, Griff. . ul
atroviridis, ni
Bealii, Hort. + * 109
brachybotryg Rdgw. "-
ceratoph ylla, Don . 11 0
chitria, . A
concinna, od 10
coriaria, Royle ° +
crate gina, . 09
cretica, Linn. + ° 1
emarginata, Willd. - 109
floribunda, nm . 110
heteropoda, Sc hrenck ord
hypoleuca, Lindl. . bt
insignis, i ; T. 109
K unawarensis, Roy.
Leschenaultii, Wall. 1 Br
Lycium, Royle m

macrosepala, H. f
miccia,
nepalensis, Spr. « : . 19
petiolaris, Wall. -

& Kir. i> $ * i.e 109
Thunbergi DO” ` 110
tinctoria, Lesch. P. 109
turcomanie@, Kar +

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES

Page
ulicina, H. f. & T.. 111
umbellata, Wall. . 110
wmbellata, Lindl. . 110

vulgaris. Linn. . . 109
Wallichiana, DC. . 110
Wallichiana, DO. . 111

Berchemia, Neck. . . 637
calophylla, G. Don . 636

Edgworthii, Law.. . 638
flavescens, Wall. . 637
floribunda, Wall. . 637
? hamosa, Wall. . 641
laxa, Wall. . 637
lineata, DC. . . 638

* oppositifolia, Wall. 641

? parviflora, Wall. . 641

? Poiretiana, DC. . 638

polyphylia, Wall. . 638
Bergera | integerrima,

Roxb. 501, 502

Koenig, Linn. . . 503
nitida, Thw.. . 505
villosa, Wall . . 502
Bergia, Linn. . 251

mstivosa, W. d& A. . 251
ammannioides, Roxb. 251

aquatica, Roxb.. . 252
capensis, Linn. . . 252
odorata, Edgw. . . 251

pentandra, Guill. &
Perr. . . . .251
suffruticosa, Fenzl . 251
trimera, Fisch.& Mey. 252
verticillata, Willd.. 252

Berrya, Roxb. . . . 383
Ammonilla, Roxb. . 383
mollis, Wall. . 883

Biebersteinia, Stephan. 427
emodi, Jaub. & Spach 427

odora, Royle . . 427
Binnendykia — tricho-

. stylis, Kurz. . 979
Biophytum, DC. . 436

adiantoides, Wight 437
Apodiscias, T'urez. . 437
Candolleanum,

Wight . . 437
Cumingianum, Turez. 437
intermedium, Wight 438
nervifolium, Thw. . 437
nudum, Arn. . . 438
polyphyllum, Munro 439
poterioides, Edgw. . 437
proliferum, Ar». . 438

' Reinwardtii, Walp. 437
Sensitivum, DC.. . 436

` Page
sesbaninides, Edgw. 437
verticillatum, Wight 439
Bixa, Linn.. . . 190
Orellana, Linn. . . 190
Bixc . . 189
BixiNEX.. . . 189
Bocagea, St. Hil. . 92
coriacea, H. f. & T. 93
Dalzellii, A. f. & T. 92
elliptica, H. f. € T. 92
obliqua, H. f. & T.. 93
Thwaitesii, Z.f.& T. 92
Boenninghausenia,
Reichb. . . . 486
albiflora, Reichb. . 486
BowsacER . . . . 818
Bombax, Linn.. . . 349
Ceiba, Burm. . 949
gossypium, Linn. . 190
heptaphylla, Cav. . 349
insigne, Wall. . . 349.
malabaricum, DC. . 349
orientale, Spr. . 350
pentandrum, Linn. . 350
BowskTIEE&.. . . . 280
Bosehia, Korth. . 951
Griffithii, Mast.. . 352
Boswellia, Roxb . 527
glabra, Roxb. . . 528
serrata, Roxb. . . 528
thurifera, Roxb. . 528
Boymia glabrifolia,
Champ. . . « 490
rutecarpa, Juss. . 490
Brachystemma, Don . 235
calycinum, Don . 235
Brasenia, SeAreb. . . 113
peltata, Pursh. . . 113
Brassica, Linn.. . . 155
alba, Æ. f. & T. . 157
arvensis, Linn. . . 158
campestris, Zinn. . 156
Eruca, Linn.. . . 158
erucoides, Roxb. . 158
foliosa, Willd. . . 157
Grigithii, H. f. & T. 157
juncea, H. f. & T. . 157
Napus, Linh. . . 156
nigra, Koch . . . 166
quadrivalvis,Z. f. T. 158
Rapa, Linn.. . . 156
Stocksii, H. f. & T. 156
Tournefortii, Gowan 156
trilocularis, H.f.&T. 156
Wilidenovii, Boiss. 157
BRASSICE® .. . . 129

AND SYNONYMS.

705

Page

Braya, Sternb. & Hoppe 155
alpina, Sternb. &

Hoppe . 155

? oxycarpa, H.f£.&T. 155
rosea, Bunge . . 155
Thomsoni, H f. & T. 155
tibetica, Hf. & T. . 155
uniflora, H. f. € T. 155
Brewstera crenata,

Rem. . . . . 416
Brindonia indica,

Thouars 261
Brotera ovata, Oav. 372

bracteosa, Guill. &

Perr. . . . 973

Brownlowia, Roxb. .
elata, Roxb. . .

lanceolata, Benth. . 381
BROWNLOWIEE. . 380
Brucea, Mil. 520

dubia, Stend. 520

mollis, Wall. ., . 521

sumatrana, Roxb. 521
Bryomorpha rupifraga,

Kar. & Kir. . . 243
Buboma tomentosa,

Spreng. . . . 875
Buchanania spicata,

Hb. Roxb.. . . 559
Buettneria, Linn. . . 376

andamanensis, Kurz 377
aspera, Colebr. . , 377
catalpifolia, Wall. . 376

crenulata, Wall. . 376
echinata, Wall. . . 376
elliptica, Mast. . . 377
grandifolia, DC. . 377
herbacea, Roxb. . . 376
hypoleuca, Turez, . 37
Jackiana, Wall. . 376
Maingayi Mast. . 377
nepalensis, Turez. . 377
pilosa, Roxb. . . 977

polyacantha. Wall. . 376

. * Incorrectly attributed to Colebroke at p. 530.

VOL. L

uncinata, Mast. . . 377
velutina, Walt . . 877
BuETTNERIEJE . 954
Bursera, Liam.. . . 530
*serrata, Wall. . . 530
serrata, Wall . . 508
BURSERACEE£. . . . 527
Ca4BOMBEER . . . 113
Cadaba, Forsk. . . 172
dubia, DC. . . .173
farinosa, Forsk... . 173
ZZ

706 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS,

Page Page Page

heterotricha, Stocks. 173 Wallichianum, nitidum, 4. W. Benn. 588
indica, Lamk. . . 172 Planch. & Tr.. . 973 parvifolium, A. W.

trifoliata, W. & A.. 172| Wightianum, Wall. . 274 Benn. . . . . 536

triphylla, Wight . 172 | Caltha, Linn. . . . 21| pilosum, 4. W. Benn. 533
CAKILINEE. . . . . 130 alba, Jacq . . . 21 purpurascens, 4. W.

Calathodes, H. f. & T. 22 Govaniana, Wall. . 21 Benn. . + . . 532
palmata, H. f.& T. 22 Himalensis, Don . 21 rubiginosum, 4. W.

Callianthemum, C. A. palustris, Zinn... . 21 Benn. . . . . 535

Mey... . + 14| paniculata, Wall. . 21| rufum, A, W. Benn. 599
cachemirianum, Cam. 14 scaposa, H. f.& T.. 21 sajiga, Ham... , + 699

Endlicheri, Walp. . 21| Calysaccion longifo- secundum, A. W.
pimpinelloides, H.f. lium, Wight . . 270 Benn. . . . . 582
& T 14| siamense Miq. . . 271 strictum, Road. . . 534

Calophyllum, Linn. . 271 | Camelina Caisir, Wall. 145 zeylanicum, Bl... . 532
amgnum, Wall. . . 272 | CAMELINE® . . . + 129 | Cansjera, Juss. .. . 982
angustifolium, Roxb. 276 | Camellia, Linn. . . 292 malabarica, Lamk. . 582
bancanum, Miq.. . 272 ? acuminata, Wall. . 290 martabanica, Wall. . 582
Bintagor, Roxb. . 273| axillaris, Griff. . . 282| parvifolia, Kurz . 589
bracteatum, Tha. . 274| caudata, Wall. . . 293| Rheedii Gmelin. . 582
Burmanni, Wight . 272| caudata, Griff. . . 293| scandens, Roxb.. - 582
canum, H. f.. . . 271| drupifera, Lour. . . 293 zizyphifolia, Griff. . 582
chinense, Walp. . . 270| japonica, Wall. . . 292 | CAPPAREÆ . + + * 168
cordato-oblongum, Keina, Don . . . 293 | CAPPARIDEE -~ + * 167

Thw. . . . .275| Kissi, Wall.. . . 293 | Capparis, Lim. . . 178
cuneifolium, Thu. . 275 lutescens, Dyer . . 298 acuminata, Willd. . 178
cymosum, Miq. . . 271 Mastersia, Griff. |. 293 acuminata, Roxb. . 174
decipiens, Wight . 274 oleifolia, Wall. . . 293 accuminata, Willd.
decipiens, Thw. . . 275 ?Scottiana, Wall. . 292 (Wall.Cat.) . - 178
elatum, Bedd. . . 274 ?Scottiana, Chois. . 282 Ægyptiaca, Linn. - 178
floribundum, H. f. . 272| simplicifolia, Griff. 293 | apetala, Roth. .
gracile, Miq. . . . 271 symplocifolia, Griff. 293 aphylla, Roth. . - 174
Grifithii, T. Anders. 273 | — theifera, Grif. . . 292| assamica, H. f. £ T. 177

inophyllum, Linn. . 273 | Camunium benga- bisperma, Wight - 176
longifolium, Wight 270 lense, Hb. Ham. . 556 | — bisperma, Roxb. - 176
macrocarpum, H. f. 273 chinense, Roxb. . . 554 brevispina, DC. . 174

#marginatum, Wall. 276 | sinense, Rumph. . . 554 | callosa, Bl. 5
messucefolium, Wall. 272 | Cananga, Rumph. . . 56 exrulea, Heyne. - 17

microphyllum, T. ? monosperm . f. conspicua, Wall. 179
Anders.. . . . 272 & T. pe . * H ^ 57 corymbosa, Roxb. . 176
Mooni, Wight . . 271 odorata, H. f. & T.. 56 divaricata, Lamk. - 174
pisiferum, Planch & virgata, H.f.& T. . 57| divaricata, Wall. - 116
Tr... . . . 272 | Canarium, Linn. . . 531| diversifolia, W. £ 4. m
plicipes, Miq. 272 balsamiferum, Moon 532 erythrodasys, Mig. 17

polyanthum, Wall. En bengalense, Roxb. . 534 Finlaysoniana, Wall. 179
pulcherrimum, Wall. 271 brunneum, Bedd. . 531 Finlaysonina, Wall.

retusum, Wall. .. . 272 coccineo-bracteatum, flavicans, Wall. . + 179
spectabile, Willd. . 271 Kurz. . . . . 536| floribunda, Wight - m
spurium Chois.. . 274 commune, Linn.. . 531 formosa, Dalz. . n
Suriga, Buch. . . 276| euphyllum, Kurz . 535 | formosa, Wall. + + T
tetrapetalum, Roxb. 271, grandiflorum, A. W. galeata, Fres. + * To

273 Benn. . . . . 533 glauca, all. + > “fa
Thwaitesii, Planch. d hirtellum, 4. W. grandiflora, Wall. « 176

Tr. . . i . .975 Benn. . . . . 534 grandis, Linn. + * 173
tomentosum, Wight. 274 | Kadondon, A. W. B. 585 | herbacea, Willd. > + 371
trapezifolium, Tw. 275 | levigatum, Miq. . 538 | — heteroclita, Roxb. <;
Walkeri, Wight. . 275 | laxum, A. W. Benn. 535 | Heyneana, Wal +

* Inadvertently quoted under C. Walkeri, p. 275.

horrida, Zinn. f. .

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page

Carapa, Aubl. . 566

indica, Juss. . . 567

Page
178

incanescens, DC.. . 177
leucophylla, DO. . 173
linifolia, Roxb. . . 171

longispina, Z.f.& T.
malabarica, Wall.
maximus, Roth. .
micracantha, DC.
molliuseula, Wal.
Moonii, Wight .
multiflora, Z. f. & T.
Murrayana, Grah. .

sabiefolia, H. f. & T.

176

. 177
. 176
. 179
. 180
. 175

178
173

nepalensis, Wall. . 173
obovata, Royle . 178
obovata, Ham. . . 176
olacifolia, H. f. & T. 178
oligandra, Griff. . 177
- orbiculata, Wall. . 176
oxyphylla, Wall. . 179
parviflora, H. f. & T. 176
pedunculosa, Wall.. 176
pumila, Champ.. . 177
punctata, Wall.. . 177
pyrifolia, W. & A. . 174
quadriflora, DO. . 178
racemifera, DO. . 176
reticulata, Klein . 175
retusella, Thw. . . 177
Rheedii. Rottb. . . 174
rotundifolia, Rottb. 174
Roxburghii, DC. . 175
rupestris, Sibth. . . 173

179

salaccensis, Bl. . . 175
sepiaria, Linn. . . 177
sepiaria, Wall. . . 176

Sodada, Br.. . .

175

spinosa, Linn. . . 173
stylosa, DC. . . 174
tenera Dalz. . . 179
tenuiflora, DO. . . 178
tetrasperma, Thw. . 179
trifoliata, Roxb. . 172
trinervia, H. f. & T. 175
uncinata, Wall. . . 179
variabilis, Wall.. . 180

versicolor, Griff. . +
viminea, H. f. & T. .
Wallichiana, W.& A.
zeylanica, Roxb. .
zeylanica, W. & A. -
zeylanica, Linn. .
psella, Manch.
Bursa- pastoris,
Mench. . + +
elliptica, C. A. Mey.
procumbens, Boiss. .
t Thomsoni, H. fs. +

175
179
174

. 178

178

. 174
. 159

159
159
159
159

moluccensis, Lamk. .

567

obovata, Bl. . 567
Cardamine, Linn. . . 137
africana, Linn. . . 137
anteniquana, DO. . 137
borbonica, Pers. . . 137

circeoides, H. f. & T.
debilis, Don . . .
elegantula, H. f. & T.
foliosa, Wall. .
Griffithii, H. f. & T.
hirsuta, Zinn. .
hirsuta, H. f. & T..
impatiens, Linn.
macrophylla, Willd.
macrophylla, Ledeb.
nilagirica, Schlecht.

137
138
139

. 139

139

. 188

138

. 188

139
139
138

pectinata, DC. . 138
polyphylla, Don. . 139
pratensis, Linn. . . 138
subumbellata, Hook.
mss. . . . + 188
sylvatica, Link. . . 138
trifoliolata, H. f.& T. 138
violacea, Wall. . . 137
Wightiana, Wall. . 137
Cardiopteris, Wall. 597
javanica, Bl. . 597
lobata, Br. ° 597
moluccama, Bl. . 597
Rumphii, Baill.. . 597
subhamata, Wall. . 598

Cardiospermum, Linn.
canescens, Wall.
Halicacabum, Linn. .
microcarpum,

K

bescens, Griff... -
Schmidelia, Dalz. &
Gibs. . + + o
villosa, Dalz. & Gibs.
Cardiostegia Kotschy,
Prel,. + ©.
Carpophora Hoffmers-
teri, Klotzsch .
Carria speciosa, G
CARYOPHYLLEJE .
Cassine discolor, Wall.
excelsa, Wall. . +
Catha Benthamii,
Gardn. & Champ.
emarginata, Don
fruticosa, Thw. .
Heyneana, Walp.
monosperma,

SYNONYMS 707
Page
montana, G. Don 621
ovata, Walp. . 619
Rothiana, Walp. . 620
rufa, Don . . . 620
Wallichit, Don . . 621
zeylanica, G. Don . 641
Catheartia, H. f. . 119
villosa, H. f. . 119
Cavallium urens, Schott

& End. . '855
Ceanothus asiaticus,

Lamk. . . . 642

capsularis, Forst. 642
circumscissa, Gertn. 641
paniculatus, Roth. . 617
Wightiana, Wall. 639
zeylanica, Heyne 641
Cedrela, Linn. . . . 568
australis, F. Muell. 569
febrifuga, Bl. 568
hexandra, Walt. 568
t longif lia, Wall. 568
? multijuga, Kurz 569
? odorata, Hort. Kew. 568
serrata, Royle . 568
Toona, Roxb. 568
? velutina, DC. 568
? villosa, Roxb. 568
CEDRELEX . 541
Ceiba pentandra,

Gærtn. . 350
CELASTREÆ . 606
Celastrinea ? 614
CELASTRINEÆ 606
Celastrus, Linn. . . 617

acuminatus, Wall. . 570
alnifolia, Don 617
attenuata, Wall. 619
bivalvis, Jack. 614
buxifolia, Roxb. . 621
crenatus, Roth. . 621
crenulata, Wall. 618
dependens, Wall. . 617
emarginata, W. & A. 621
Finlaysoniana, Wall. 618
glaucus, Vahl 623
Heyneana, Roth. 620
Hindsii, Benth. . 618
Jackianus, Steud. . 618
lucida, Wall. 618
Metziana, Turez. 617
micrantha, Roxb. 618
monosperma. Roxb. . 618
montana, W. & A. . 621
multiflora, Roxb. 617
neglecta, Wall. . . 619

mutans, Roxb. . .
obtusifolia, Roxb. .
zz2

WT TET RASTA NN

708

Page
opposita, Wall. . . 617
ovata, Wall. . . 619

oxyphylla, Wal. . 619
pallida, Wall. . 621
paniculata, Willd. . 617

pauciflora, Wall. . 618
racemosa, Wall. . . 618
rigida, Wall. . 621
robustus, Roxb. . . 622

Rothiana, Rem. &

Schultz . . 617, 620
Royleana, Wall.. . 620
rufa, Wall. . 620

? senegalensis, Lamk. 621

serrulata, Roth. . . 620
spinosus, Royle . . 620
stylosa, Wall. . 618
trigyna, Lamk. . . 618
venulosa, Wall. . 618

verticillata, Roxb.199,618
Wallichiana, W. &

A. . . . 620, 621
2% Wightiana, Wall. 617

zeylanica, Roth... . 641
Celosia corymbosa,

Willd. . . 79245

Cerastium, Linn. . ..227

aquaticum, Linn. .. 229
cordifolium, Roxb. . 244
dahuricum, Fisch. . 227
glomeratum, Thuill. 228
grandiflorum, Don . 228
indicum, W. & A. . 227
membranaceum, Jac. 228
napalense Wall. . 228
Thomsoni, Z.f. . . 228
trigynum, Villars . 227
triviale, Link. . 228
vulgatum, Linn. . 228
Ceratocephalus falca-
tus, Pers. . . . 16
orthoceras, DC. . . 16
Chailletia, DC. . . . 570

Brunoniana, Wall.. 570
deflexifolia, T'urcz. . 571
edulis, Kurz 594
gelonioides, H.f. . 570
Gritfithii, Hf. 571
Helferiana, Kurz . 570
Laurocerasus,

Planch. . 572

longipetala, Turce. . 571

sumatrana, Miq. 570
CHAILLETIACER Ü 569
Chalcas intermedia,

Rem. . 502 |.

paniculata, Rem. . 502
paniculata, Linn, . 503

Page
sumatrana, Rem. . 503

Chamiebuxus arillata,

Hassk. . . . 200
paniculata, Hassk. . 200
Chartacalyx, Maing. . 382
accrescens, Mast. . 382
Chaulmoogra odorata,
Roxb. . . . . 195
Cheiranthus, Linn. . 182
albiflorus, T. And. . 133
Cheirii, Linn. . 182
Farsetia, Wall. . . 140
himalaicus, H.f.& T. 132
himalayensis, Camb. 132
parryoides, Kurz . 132
Stewartii, T. And. . 132
Oherleria. grandiflora,
Don. . . . . 239
juniperina, Don . 239
Chickrassia, Juss. . . 567
Nimmoni, Grah. . 568
tabularis, Juss. . . 568
trilocularis, Reem. . 568
velutina, Rem. . . 568
Chilmoria dodecandra,
Ham. . . . . 195
Chilocalyx ellipticus,
Turz. . . . . 518
Chionotria monogyna,
Walp. . . . . 500
? rigida, Jack. . . 500
Chisocheton, Bl. . 550
?.costatus, Hiern . 552
dysoxyfulius, Kurz . 551
erythrocarpus, Hiern 550
fragrans, Hiern . . 551
glomeratus, Hiern . 551
grandiflorus, Kurz . 552
holocalyx, Hiern . 551
paniculatus, Hiern . 552
pendulifiorus,
Planch. . 550
spicatus, Hiern . . 550
Chloroxylon, DC. . . 569
Dupada, Buch. . . 528
Swietenia, DC. . . 569
Chorispora, DC. . 166
elegans, Camb. . 167
sibirica, DO.. . . 167
sabulosa, Camb.. . 167
tenella, DC. . 166
Christolea, Camb. . 154
crassifolia, Camb. 154
Chrysocyathus, Fale. . 15
Cimicifuga, Linn. . . 29
foetida, Linn. . . 30
frigida, Boyle . . 30
Cipadessa, Bl... . . 545

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
baccifera, Miq. . . 545
fruticosa, Bl.. . 545
? subscandens, Miq. 545
Cissampelos, Linn. . 103
barbata, Wall. . 104
caapeba, Linn. . + 104
convolvulacea, Willd. 104
delicatula, Miers . 104
discolor, DC. . . 108
discolor, Buch. . . 104
discolor, Wall. . 104
diversa, Miers . 104
elata, Miers . 104
eriantha, Miers . 104
glabra, Roxb. 103
grallatoria, Miers . 104
hernandifolia
walla ' 103, 104
hexandra, Roxb. . 108
104

hirsuta, Buch.. .
mauritiana, Wall. .
obtecta, Wall. +
oficinarum, Pluk. .
oleracea, Wall. .
orbiculata, Buch.
ovata, Poir. .
Pareira, Linn.
Plukenetii, DC. .
sagittata, Ham. .
subpeltata, Thw.
Wightianus, Wall. .
CISSAMPELIDEZ > +
Cissus acida, Wall.
acida, Roxb. .
acuminata, Thw.
acutifolia, Poir.
adnata, Roxb. .
angulata, Lamk. -
angustifolia, Roxb.
aquosa, Wall.
assimilis, Kurz .
auriculata, Roxb. -
auriculata, DC. .
cantoniensis, Hk WA.
capriolata, Royle
carnosa, bud .
cinerea, Lamk. . -
cordata, Roxb. 646,
cordata, Wall.
crenata, Vahl .
cymosa, Wall..
discolor, Bl. . + °
diversifolia, Walp. -
edulis, Dade. b e °.
elongata, Roxb. . `+
fémenis, Roxb. 655,
glauca, Thw. > *
glauca, Roxb. + *

658
660

642

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 709

: Page Page

glyptocarpa, Thw. . 645 scandens, Griff. . . 510 smilacina, Bl. . e
hastata, Miq. . . 645 vulgaris, Risso . `. 515 subpeltata, Wall. . 3
heptaphylla, Retz. . 662 | Clausena, Burm. . . 503 sulcata, Wall. 2
heterophylla, Herb. excavata, Burm. . 504 tenuifolia, Royle 5

„Madr. . . o. . 653 heptaphylla, W.d A. 504 tortuosa, Wall. . 6
himalayana, Walp.. 656 indica, Oliv. . . . 505| triloba, Heyne. . . 3
involucrata, Spr. 664 macrophylla, Hk. f. 504 velutina, Edgw.. . 6
japonica, Willd. . 660 nana, W. & A. . . 506 venosa, Royle . . 8
Kleinii, Wall. . . 649 pentaphylla, DC. . 503 villosa, DC. . . . 6
lanceolaria, DO. — . 660 pubescens, W. & A. 506 vitifolia, Wall. . 6
latifolia, Vahl . . 649 simplicifolia, Dalz, 498 Wightiana, Wall. . 5
lonchiph ylla, Thw. . 646 suffruticosa, W. & A. 506 Cleome, Linn. . . . 168
muricata, Dalz. & , Wallichii, Oliv. . . 505 angustifolia, A.Rich, 169

Gibs. . . . . 660 Wampi, Blanco. . 505 aspera, Kenig. . 169
napaulensis, DC. . 659 Willdenovii, W.& A. 506 brachycarpa, Vahl . 169
obtusifolia, Lamk. . 654 CLEMATIDEÆ Burmanni, W. & A. 170

pedata, Lamk. . . 662 | Clematis, Linn. Chelidonii, Linn. . 170
ciliata, Sch. & Th. . 170

pentagona, Roxb. . 646 acuminata, DO.. .
pentaphylla, Hb. acutangula, H.f.&T. cordata, DC.. . . 168
Madr. . . . 649 albida, Klotzsch . difusa, Roxb. . . 169
purpureus, Roxb. . 648 amplexicaulis, Edgw. diversifolia, Hochst. 169
quadrangularis, Linn. 645 anemouitlora, Don . felina, Zinn.. . . 170
fruticosa, Linn. . . 172

repanda, Vahl . . 648 apiculata, H.f. & T.
repens, Lamk. . . 647 barbella:a, Ldgv.
repens, Thw.. . . 648 Buchananiana, DC.
riparia, Wall. . . 649 Buchananiana, Wall.
rotundiatia, Heyne. 647 Cadmia, Ham.
semicordata, Wall. . 656 cana, Wall. .
setosa, Roxb. . . . 654 comosa, DC. .
serratifolia, Hb. connata, DC. . .
Rottl. . . . . 662 glauca, Willd. . .
serrulata, Roxb. . 659 | globosa, Boyle .
spicifera, Griff... . 650 Gouriana, Hook.. .
tenuifolia, Heyne . 660 gracilis, Edgw.. .
trifoliata, Hb. Ham. 654 | grata, Wall.. . +
trilobata, Lamk. . 653 graveolens, Lindl. .
truncata, Wall. . . 660 graveolens, Hook.
velutinus, Lind.. . 647 grewiæflora, DC.
vitiginea, Linn.. . 649 grossa, Wall.. .
vitiginea, Roxb. 648, 651 hedysarifolia, DC.
: Wallichiana, 'Turez. 663 Ispahanica, Boiss. .
Citrus, Linn. . . . 514 Javana, DC..
acida, Roxb.. . . 515 loasæfolia, DC. . >
Aurantium, Zinn. . 515 loasifolia, Don . +
buxifolia, Poir . . 515 longicaudata, Ledeb.
decumana, Linn. . 516 montana, Ham.. .
Hystrix, DC.. . . 515| montana, Don . .

gracilis, Edgw. . . 168
heptaphylla, Linn. . 168
icosandra, Linn. . 170
monophylla, Linn. . 168
monophylla, Law. . 169
Noreana, Boiss.. . 168
papillosa, Steud. . 168
pentaphylla, Linn. . 171
quinquenervia, DC. . 168
Ruta, Camb. . . 169
simplicifolia, H. f.

& Tot es ee 19
Stocksiana, Boiss. . 169
tenella, Linn. . + 169
Vahliana, Fre . 169
viscosa, Linn. . . 170

CLEoMEE . . + + 168
Clerodendron sericeum,
Wall. .*. . .419
Cleyera, DC. » + + 283
emarginata, Gardn. 281
grandiflora, H.f.éT. 284
grandiflora, Wall.
281, 282, 284
grandiflora, Chois. . 284

inermis, Roxb. . . 514| Munroana, Wight .
japonica, Thunb. . 514| Napaulensis, Do...
latipes, H. f. & T. . 515 nepaulensis, Royle .
Limetta, Risso . . 515 nutans, Royle `. -
Limetta, DO. . . 515 orientalis, Linn.. -
Limonelus, Wall. . 515| parvifolia, H. £.8T.
Limonum, Wall . 515 parvifolia, Edgw. -
Lumia, Risso . . 515 puberula, H. f. &T.
medica, Linn. . . 514 Punduana, Wall. .
"medica, Willd. . . 515| seabiosefolia, DC. -
| Papeda, Miq. > + 515 smilacifolia, Wall. .

apetala, Spr. . 287
Wallichiana, Sieb.
klasse: cv ¿ 9M

Q9 Q» bo b» Ot M» QV C C9 BO G tO tO G Oa i= OUR OO: OU 09 OR OUO O Oo e tO G; G> Oo RR bO OL NC @ b° a:

710

Page
Clypea Burmanni, W.

& A. . . . . 104
CoccvLEE£ . . . . 95
Cocculus, DC. . 101

acuminatus, DC. . 99
aristolochie, DC. . 101
Blumeanus, Wall. . 99
Burmanni, DC. . . 104

calophyllus, Wall. . 578

convolv.laceus, DC. 97
cordifolius, DC. 97
crispus, DC. . . . 96
cuspidatus, Wall. . 100
Fibraurea, DC. . 98

Finlaysonianus, Wall.103

glabra, W. & A.. . 102
hastatus, DC. . . 101
incanus, Colebr. . 102

lacunosus, DC. . . 98
levis, Wal. . . 102
laurifolius, DC. . . 101
Leeba, DC. . . . 102
lucidus, Teysm. &
Benn. . `. . 106

macrocarpus, W.&A. 101
malabaricus, DC. 96
membranaceus, Wall. 104

mollis, Wall. . .102
oblongus, Wall. . . 100
orbiculatus, DO. . . 104
peltatus, DO... . 104
petiolaris, Wall. . 97
planiflorus, Wal. . 106
pleniflorus, Wall. . 106
polycarpus. Wall. 99
populifolius, DC. 98

radiatus, DC. . . 99
recisus, Miers . . 102
Roxburghianus,

Wall. . . . . 108
sepium, Colebr. , . 101
suberosus, DC. . 98
tomentosus, Colebr. . 96

triandrus, Colebr. . 100
velutinus, Wall.. . 100
verrucosus, Wall. 96, 97

villosus, DC. . . 101
villosus, Wall. . 104
Cochlearia, Linn. . . 145
alyssoides, DC. . . 145
flava, Ham. . . -, 145

himalaica, H.f. & T. 145
scapiflora, H.f. & T. 145
Cochlospermum, Kunth. 189

Gossypium, DO.. . 190
Coelostegia, Benth.. . 352
Griffithii, Benth. . 353

Colbertia obovata, Bl. 37

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES

angusta, Wall. . .
Coromandeliana,
DO.. . . . .
floribunda, Wall. .
Colubrina, Rich. . .
asiatica, Brongn.
javanica, Miq.
pubescens, Kurz
travancorica, Bedd.
Columbia, Pers. . .
floribunda, Wall.
merguensis, Planch.
Commersonia, Forsk. .
echinata, Bl.
herbacea; G. Don
javensis, G. Don
platyphylla, Andrews
Conghas zeylonensis,
Hb. Madr..
Connaropsis, Planch. .
diversifolia, Kurz .
Griffithii, Planch. .
monophylla, Planch.
Connarus ? Jackianus,
Wall.. . . .
Conringia, Reichd. .
planisiliqua, Fisch.
&Mey.. e..
Thaliana, Reichb. .
Cookia dulcis, Bedd. .
graveolens, W. & A.
? macrophylla, Lindl.
punctata, Sonn.
punctata, Hassk.
Coptis, Salisb. .
. Teeta, Wall.. . .
Corchorus, Linn. . .
,aeutangulus, Lamk.
estuans, Hb. Madr.
estuans ? Ham. .
Antichorus, Reusch.
Burmanni, DC. .
capsularis, Linn.
decemangularis, Rox.
fascicularis, Lamk. .
fuscus, Roxb, . .
humilis, Munro.
linearis, Wall.
Marua, Ham. . .
olitorius, Linn. .
olitorius, Wall. *
pumilus, Ham. . .
subscandens, Wall. .
tridens, Zinn. . .
trilocularis, Linn. .
trilocularis, Burm. .
urticzfolius, W. & A.
Corydalis, DC. * ` .

Page
$8

38
38
642

. 642
. 642

AND SYNONYMS.

Page
adiantifolia, H.f.« T. 127
astragalina, H. f. & T. 126
cachemiriana, Royle 128

cherophylla, DC. . 126
cornuta, Rowle . 126
crassifolia, Royle . 127
crassissima, Camb. . 127
crithmifolia, Royle . 123
debilis, Edgw. . . 126
diphylla, Wall. . . 122
elegans, Wall. . 124
epithymifolia, Walp. 123
Faleoneri, H. f. & T. 124
filiformis, Royle. . 125
flabellata, Hdgw. 127
flaccida, H. f. & T. . 122

geraniifolia, H. f. & .
T

Gortschakovii, Schr. 125
Govaniana, Wall. . 124
Grifithii, Boiss. . . 123
Hamiltoniana, Don 128
Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 127
Impatiens, Fisch. 125
juncea, Wall. . 123
latiflora, H. f. & T. 126
leptocarpa, H. f. &
T... s.s. 012
longipes, DC. . - 125
longipes, Don. 122
meifolia, Wall. . . 126
Moorcroftiana, m 125
epops, D f ag
pauciflora, Edgw. 122
physocarpa, Camb. . 127
polygalina, H. f. &
To... s + 128
ramosa, Wall. 126
rutefolia, Sibth. . 192
sibirica, Pers. 125
stricta, Stephan. + 126
tibetica, H. f. & T. - S

verticillaris, DC.
Corynandra pulchella, 1

Schrad. . © ` i
Coscinium, Colebr. . + i
Blumeanum, Miers . d
fenestratum, Colebr. 9

Wallichianum, Miers 99

Wightianum, Miers ^d
Crambe, Tourn, + + ab
cordifolia, Stev. . + 1 $
Kotschyana, Boiss. - s
Crateva, Linn. . + * T
apetala, Spr. eu 5
Marmelos, Linn. . 173

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page Pa
odora, Ham. . . 72) viridiforum, Grif. . 87
religiosa, Forst. . ..172 | Cyclea, Arn. . . 104
religiosa, Ham. . . 172 Arnottii, Miers .. . 104
religiosa, Ainslie . 517 barbata, Miers. . 104
` Roxburghii, Br... 172 Burmanni, Miers . 104
unilocularis, Ham: .. 172
Vallanga, Koenig . 516
ÜCnATOXYLEE . ` 252
Cratoxylon, Bl. . . 957
arborescens, Bl. . . 258
*biflorun, Turez. . 257

formosum, B. & Hk. 258
lanceolatum, Miq. . 257
Maingayi, Dyer . . 258
neriifolium, Kurz . 257
polyanthum, Korth. 257
prunifolium, Dyer . 258
Ctenolophon, Oliv.. . 577
grandifolius, Oliv. . 577
parvifolius, Oliv. . 577
ÜnvcIFERE . + . 128
Cueubalus, Linn. 22i
bacciferus, Linn. 222
Behen, Linn. . . 218
Cullenia, Wight . . 350
excelsa, Wight . . 350
Cupania, Plum. . . 676
acuta, Hiern. . . 677
adenophylla, Planch. 677
canescens, Pers. 671, 679
fascidula, Kurz . . 677
glabrata, Kurz 676
Helferi, Hiern . 679
Jackiana, Hiern. . 678
Lessertiana, Camb: . 678
Mischocarpus, Steud. 678
pallidnea, Hiern . 676
pentapetala, W. & A. 678
pentaphylla, Wight 678
pleuropteris, P7. . 677
Roxburghii, Wight . 678
sumatrana, Mig. . 678
ussambium | glabrum;
Ham. . . . . 681
pubescens, Ham.. . 681
spinosum, Ham. . 681
amus mysticus,
Salisb. . . . . 116
Nelumbo, Sm. . . 116
Cyathocalyx, Champ. . 53
! Maingayi,H f. & T. 53
martabanicus, 4.f.
€T. . ... 58
zeylanicus, Champ. 53
- Üyathostemma, Grif. . 57

debiliflora, Miers . 104
laxiflora, Miers . 104
peltata, H.f. & T. . 104
populifolia,H.f.& T. 105
versicolor, Miers. . 104
Cyminosma Ankenda,
Gwrtn. . . .4
pedunculata, DO... 493

Dactylicapnos | thalic-
trifolia, Wall. . 121

Dalrympelia pomifera,
Roxb . . . . 699
Decaisnea; H. f. & T. . 107
insignis, H. f. & T. . 107
Decaschistia, W. & A. 332
erotonifolia, W. & A. 332

trilobata, Wight . 332
Delima, Zinn. . . 81
hebecarpa, DC. . 31

intermedia, Bl. . .
sarmentosa, Linn. . 31

DELMEE. . + + . 90
Delphinium, Linn.. . 24
Ajacis, Linn. . . 27
altissimum, Wall. . 26
Brunonianum, Royle 27
emruleum, Jacg.. . 25
Cashmirianum, Royle 26
dasycaulon, Fres. . 25
denudatum, Wall. . 25
elatum, Linn. . . 26
glaciale, H.f. & T.. 27
Hoff meisteri, Klotzsch 26
incanum, Royle. . 25
incisum, Wall. 26
Jacquemontianum,
Camb. . . 26, 27

moschatum, Munro .

pauciflorum, Don 27
pauciflorum, Royle. 25
penicillatum,H.f.& T. 24
pyramidale, Royle. 26
ranunculifolium,

Wal . . . . 26
rectivenium, Royle . 26

saniculefolium, Boiss:
scabriflorum, Don . 27
uncinatum, Hf. & T. 24

vestitum, Wall.. +

SYNONYMS. 711

Page

vestitum, Boiss. . 24

viscosum, H. f. & T. 27

Dentaria ^ dasyloba,

Turez. . . 139
Desmocarpus missionis,

Wall. . . . .172

DrANTHEJE . . 212

Dianthus, Linn. . 213
anatolieus, Boiss. . 214
angulatus, Royle . 215
barbatus, Linn. . . 215

cachemiricus, Edgw. 214
Caryophyllus, Linn. 214
caucasicus, Sims . 215
chinensis, Linn. . . 213
crinitus, Sm. . . 215
deltoides, Linn. . . 214
Faleoneri, £dgw. . 214
fimbriatus, Biebr. . 215
glaucus, Ham. . 213
incertus, Jacq. : 215

Jacquemontii, Edgw. 214
Seguieri, Vill. . . 215

Dicellostyles, Benth. . 333
axillaris, Benth. . . 333
jujubifolia, Benth. . 333

Dicentra, Borkh. . 120

121

Roylei, H. f. & T. .
121

scandens, Walp.. `.
thalictrifolia, H. f.
€T... . . + 121
torulosa, H. f.& T. 121

Dicranostigma lactu-
coides, H. f. & T. 119
Dictamnus, Linn, . . 487
albus, Linn. . . 487
Frazinella, Pers. . 487
himalayanus, Royle 487
Dictyocarpus trunca-
tus, Wight . . 922
Didymococcus Danura,
l .

verticillatus, Bl. .
Dielytra scandens,

Don. . + + °
Dipetalum biloculare,

Dalz. . . e. 497
Diploclisia inclyta,
Miers - - . 101
lepida, Miers . 101
macrocarpa, Miers . 101
ictinervis, Miers . 101

Diplodon cerastioides,
Reichb.. . . . 227
Diplotaxis, DC. . - 157

x P i i 3 : C. biflorum, Turez. Bull. Mosc. 1863, i. 580. Hyperi-
....* Quotation omitted p 257 Wall’ Cnt. £820.

719

^ Page

Griffithii, H. f. & T. 157
grandifora, Wal. . 552

pterygocalyx, Scheff.
. . 297

scaber, Ham.
scabridus, Tw. .
tuberculatus, Roxb.

turbinatus, Gertn. f.

vestitus, Wall. .
zeylanicus, Thw.
Dipterosperma .
Dillenia, Linn.. .
angusta, Roxb. .
aurea, Sm. . .
bracteata, Wight
dentata, Thunb.
elliptica, Thunb.

Dipterygium, Dene. . 164
glaucum, Dene.. . 164
DiPTEROCARPE.E . 294
Dipterocarpus, Gerinf. 295
alatus, Roxb. . . 298
alatus, A. DC. . . 297
angustifolius, W.& A. 299
Baudii, Korth. . . 296
cordatus, Wal. . . 297
cornutus, Dyer . _ £96
costatus, Roxb. . 299
costatus, Gaertn. f. . 298
crinitus, Dyer . . 296
glandulosus, Thw. . 297
gonopterus, Turez. . 298
grandiflora, Wall. . 297
grandiflorus, Griff. . 299
grand folius, Teysm. 297
Giffithii, Mig. . . 299
hispidus, Thw. . 296
incanus, Roxb.' . . 298
indicus, Bedd. . 295
insignis, Thw. . . 298
levis, Ham. . . . 295
oblongifolius, Thw. . 296
oblongus, DC. . 296
obtusifolius, Teysm.. 295
pilosus, Roxb. . 296

298

. 298

floribunda, H. f. & T.

granditolia, Wall.
indica, Linn.
integra, Thunb. ,

meliosmefolia, H. f.
& T. .

ornata, Wall...
ovata, Wall.. .
parviflora, Griff.

pentagyna, Roxb.
ptlosa, Ham. .
pilosa, Roxb.

pulcherrima, Kurz
repanda, Roxb. .

297

retusa, Thunb. .
scabrella, Roxb. .
speciosa, Thunb.

Page
37
38
36

speciosa, Griff. 97
DILLENIACEJE 30
DILLENIER . . . Bl
Dilophia, Thoms. . . 160

salsa, Thoms. . 161
Dimocarpus, Wall. . 555

crinita, Lour. . 687

Lichi, Lour. . . 687

hougan, Lour. , 689

pupilla, Moon 689

undulatus, Wight 689

verticillata, Hb.

Roxb. . . . . 684
Diecia pentandra,

Wal. . + . 586
Dioscorea, sativa, Linn. 597
Diospyros cerasifolia,

Don . . . . 285

? frondosa, Wall. . 92

serrata, Don .. . . 285

Discostigma — fabrile,
i 2

Miq. . . . . 260
merguense, Planch.
& Tr. . . . . 267
zeylanicum, Planch.
&Tr. . . . . 268
Dittelasma, H. f. . . 671
Rarak, H. f. . . 672
Diwroglossum — rufes-
cens, Turez. . 375
Dobinea, Ham. 696
vulgaris, Ham. . 696
Dodonæa, Linn. . 697
angustifolia, Linn. f. 697
arabica, Hochst. &
Steud. . . . 697
Burmanniana, DC. 697
‘dioica, Roxb. . . 697
heterophylla, Hort. . 697
microcarpa, DC, . 697
pallida, Miq. . . 697
pentandra, Griff. . 697
spathulata, Sm.. . 697
viscosa, Linn. . 697
Wightiana, DC.. . 697
DomBEYEZ , .. . 953
Doona, Thw. . 311
afünis, Thw.. . . 311
congestiflora, Tw. . 312
cordifolia, Tw... .. 312
Gardueri, Thw.. . 312
macrophylla, 7Àw. . 312
nervosa, Tha, . . 811
ovalifolia, 7A... . 312
trapezifolia, Thw. . 311

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

venulosa, Thw. .
zeylanica, Thw. .
Doryctandra Rox-

burghii, Hassk. .

Douepia tortuosa,
Camb. .
Draba, Linn.

Adamsii, Ledeb.
algida, Adams .
alpicola, Klotzsch .
alpina, Linn.
altaica, Bunge .
androsacea, Willd. .
confusa, Ehrh. .
elata, 5 f. T.
elegans, Boiss.
ellipsoidea, H.f.& T.
fladnitzensis, Wulf.
glacialis, Adams
glomerata, Royle -
gracilis, Ledeb. .
gracillima, H.f.& T.
helvetica, Schleich. .
himalayensis,
Klotzsch. +
incana, Lin. .
incompta, Stev. .
lactea, Kar & Kir.
lapponica, Wahl
lasiophylla, Royle -

Oxleyanus, Grif. -

linearis, Boiss. + + 44
muralis, Linn. + + 144
ochroleuca, Bunge - m
` polytricha, Ledeb. . uet
pygmea, Turez. . 1 3
radicans, Royle . Hi
setosa, Royle . 344
stenocarpa, H.f. & T. t
tibetica, H.f. & T. - 1 :
tibetica, H. f. & T. - 1⁄5
verna, Linn. . . 14
a hlenbergu,
Hartm.. + + ° 149
Winterbottomi, H. f.
& T. + + ° 16
Drepananthus, Maing. P
pruniferus, Maing. - "i
ramulidorus Maid: H
Drymari ilid. .
V ordata, Willd. . + MA
extensa, Wall. + - et
DRYPIDEÆ 1 . (a
topetataum .
Dare Arn. . ` s
Dumreichera, Hochst. m
Durio, Linn. . - e
malaccensis, Planch. A

; Dysoxylum, Bl.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page

Zibethinus, DC. .
Dysoxylon Championii,

351

H.f.& T.. . . 562

Beddomei, Hiern
binectariferum, Z.f.
brevipes, Hiern
cauliflorum, Hiern .
cuneatum, Hiern
flavescens, Hiern
grande, Hiern
grandiflorum, Rem,
Grifäthii, Hiern .
Hamiltonii, Hiern .
macrocarpum, Thw.
Maingayi, Hiern
malabaricum, Bedd.
multijugum, Arn. .
pallens, Hiern . .
paniculatum, Arn. .
procerum, Hiern .
thyrsoideum, Griff. .

` Eecremanthus eximius,

Thw. . . . .
Echinocarpus, Bl. .
assamicus, Benth. .
dasycarpus, Benth. .
Murex, Benth.
sterculiaceus, Benth.
tomentosus, Benth. .
Ehretia wmbellulata,
Wal. . . .
Ekebergia indica, Roxb.
? integerrima, Wall.
Eleodendron, Jacq. f. .
glaucum, Pers. .
nilghirense, Wall. .
oxyodon, lurez. .
paniculatum, W.& À.

. 946
. 548

546

. 546

549

. 549
. 549
. 547

552
549
548
546

. 547

548
552
548
552
547
547

691

. 899

399
400

. 899

400
400

. 604

545
545
623

. 623

614
623
623

Roxburghii, W. & A. 623
leocarpus, Linn. . 400
Acronodia, Mast. . 408
acuminatus, Wall. . 406
. adenophyllus, Wall. 403
amoenus, Thw. . . 404
amyydalinus, Wall. 402
1 angustifolius, Wight 403
apiculatus, Mast. . 407
aristatus, Roxb.. . 405
aristatus, Wall. . . 402
bracteatus, Kurz . 406
ceylanicus, Arn. . . 406
chackroula, Ham. . 408
copaliiferus, Retz. . 313
coriaceus, Hook. , 404
cuneatus, Wight - 402
.€yanocarpa, Maing. 406 |

~

Page

ferrugineus, Wight . 406
Finiaysonianus,

Wall. . 407

: floribundus, Bl.. . 401

Ganitrus, Roxb.. . 400

[I

` montanus, Thw. .

?

twenustus, Bedd. +

glabrescens, Mast. . 403

glandulifer, Mast. . 406
glandulosus, Wall. . 403
Grifüthii, Mast. . . 408
grossa, Wall. . . 401
Helferi, Kurz . 402

integra, Wall. . 408
integrifolius, Lamk. 401
Jackianus, Wall. . 409
lacunosus, Wall. 401,402
lancezfolius, Roxb. . 402
lanceolata, Wall.

Lobbianus, Turez. . 401
longifolius, Wall. . 409
lucidus, Rozb. . 403
monoceroides, Wight 409
Monocera, Cav. . . 405
. 404

Munroii, Mast. . . 407

nitidus, Jacq. . 401
oblonga, Wall. . 402
oblongus, Gertn. . 403
oblongus, Wall.. . 401
obovatus, Arn. . . 404

ovalifolius, Wall. . 402
paniculatus, Wall. . 407
parvifolius, Wall. . 401

peduneulatus, Wall. 408.

Perim-Kara, DC. . 403
Pirincara, Wall. , 401
polystachyus, Wall. 403
prunifolius, Wail. . 407

pubescens, Hook, . 404
punctatus, Wall. . 405
robustus, Roxb. . 402
robustus, Wall. . 408
rugosus, Roxb. . . 405

rugosus, Wall. . . 405

serratus, Linn. . . 401
serratus, Roxb. . . 401
serratus, Wall. . . 402
serratus, Heyne . . 403
serrulatus, Roxb. . 405

sikkimensis, Mast. . 402
stipularis, Bl. . - 404
subvillosus, Arm. - 404
tuberculatus, Rowb, 404

Varunua, Ham.. - 407
. 405

Elatine, Linn. sse + 250
estwvosa, Wight — 251

. 4021
leptostachya, Wall. . 403 |

713

SYNONYMS.
Page
americana, Arn. . 200
ammannioides, W.
& A 251

verticillata, W.&A. 252
ELATINEÆ . . .250
Ellepeia, H. f. € T. . 52
cuneifolia, H. f. £ T.
ferruginea, H. f.&T. 52
glabra, H. f. & T..
nervosa, H. f. & T. 52
Elodea formosa, Jack. 258
Embamma cordigera,
Grif. . . . 664
heterantha, Griff. . 664
Epicharis | exariliata,
Arn. . . 946
exarillata, Nimmo. 561
mollis, Wall. . 548
Epimedium, Linn.. . 112
elatum, Morr. & Dene. 112
Erebennus canaranus,
Alef. . + + . . 941
Erinoearpus, Nimmo. . 394
Nimmoanus, Grah. . 594
Eriodendron, DC. 343
anfractuosum, DC.. 350
orientale, Spr. . 990
Erioglossum, Bl. . 672
edule , Bl. . . 672
rubiginosum, Brand. 672
Eriolena, DC. . . 370
Candollei, Wall. . 970
Hookeriana, W.& A. 370
quinquelocularis, !
Wight . . + + 371
spectabilis, Planch. . 371
Stocksii, H. f. & T. 370

Wallichii, DO. . . 370
ERIOLENEES. . . . 353
Erodium, Z Hérit . . 433

Chumbalense, Munro, 427
ciconium, Willd. . 494
cicutarium, Leman . 434
himalayanum, Royle 434
malacoides, Willd. . 435
nilagiricum, Schlecht 435
Stephanianum,

Willd. . . . + 484
stipaceum, Edgw. . 435
tibetanum, Hdgw. . 434
violefolium, Turez. 435

Erophila, DC. . . . 144
vulgaris, DC. . 145
Eruca, Tourn. . . + 158
Sativa, Lamk. , . 158
Erysimum, Linn. . . 152
Alliara, Linn, . . 151
altaicum, C. A. Mey. 154

714 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page Page Page

deflexum, H. f. & T. 153 glaber, Roxb.. . . 609 xerocarpa, Bl. . . 686
funieulosum, H. f. & glaucus, Turez. . . 610 Euptelea, Lieb. £ Zucc. 39
T. . . « 153 Goughii, Wight . . 608 pleiosperma, Z.f. £T. 39

gracile, Gay . . . 153 grandiflorus, Wall. . 608 | Eurya, Thunb. . + + 284
Grifithü, Boiss.. . 153 | Griffithii, Kurz. . . 611 acuminata, DO. . . 285

hieraciifolium, Linn. 153 grossa, Wall . . . 623 acuminata, Wall, . 285
odoratum, Ehrh. . 154 | ^ Hamiltonians, Wall. 612 | acuminata, Royle . 285
longisiliquum, H. f. indicus, Heyne . . 608 angustifolia, Wall. . 285
dT. . . .`.154| japonicus, Wall. . 612| angustifolia, Miq. - 292
pachycarpum, Z. f. javanicus. Bl. . . 607 | bifaria, Wall . . 280
€T. . . . . 158 lacerus, Ham. . . 608 ceylanica, Wight . 285

patens, Gay . . . 153 ? læta, Wall.. . . 614 chinensis, Br. . . 285
repandum, Linn. . 153 lucidus, Don. . . 612 chinensis, H. f. & T. 285
robustum, Don . . 153 ? micranthus Don . 611 coneocarpa, Korth . 284
strictum, Gærtn.. . 153 nitidus, Benth. . . 610 elliptica, Gard. . + 284
Thomsoni, H.f.. . 154| ovata, Wall. . . . 615| euprista, Korth. . 285
Erythrochiton Wallich- paniculatus, Hb. fasciculata, Wall. . 284
ianwm, Griff. . . 281 Wight . . . . 609| fasciculata, Ham. . 285
Erythropalum, Bl.. . 578 pendulus, Wall. . 612 japonica, Thunb. . 284
populifolium, Mast, 578 | pterocladus, Hohen. 610 | lasiopetala, Gardn. . 283
scandens, Bl.. . . 578 punctatus, Wall. . 610 lucida, Wal. . - 285
vagum, Mast. . . 578 revolutus, Wight . 608 membranacea, Gardn. 285
Erythropsis Roxburgh- scandens, Grah.. . 611 multiflora, DC. . ¢ 285
iana, Schott. & serratifolius, Bedd. . 609 | nitida, Korth. . - 284
End . . . .360| tserrulata, Wall. . 609| parvifolia, Gardn. . 285
Erythrospermum, Lam. 191| Spharocarpus,Hassk.607 | phyllanthoides, BI.. 284
phytolaceoides, Gard. 191 sumatranus, Miq. . 607 Roxburghii, Wall. . 284
EnXTHROXYLEE . . 410| thewfolius Wall. . 612| salicifolia, Bl. . . 285
Erythroxylon, Linn. . 414 Thwaitesii, Laws . 608 serrata, Bl. + - » 285
burmanicum, Grif. . 414 timorensis, Zipp. . 610 symplocina, Bl.. . 284
indicum, Bedd. . . 434| Tina, Ham. . . . 623| systyla, Miq. . - . 284
Kunthianum, Wall. 414 tingens, Wall. . . 610 trichoearpa, Korth. 285
lanceolatum, Wight . 415 vagans, Wall. . . 611 trichogyna, Bl. . + 285
lucidum, Moon . . 415 vagans, Wall. . . 611 tristyla, W. & A. - 264
monogynum, Rowb.. 414 | Walkerii, Wight . 608) vitiensis, A. Gray . 284
obtusifolium, Z/w.. 415 | zeylanicus, Moon . 608 Wallichiana, Plane. 285

retusum, Bauer.. . 415 | Euphora exsti; ; Wiyhtiana, Wight . 284
sideroxyloides, Lam. 415 £ Grift. putatis . 551 Wightiana, Wall. . 284
sumatranum, Miq. . 415 | Euphoria attenuata, Euryale, Salisb.. + + Hs
Euclidium, Br.. . . 164 Planch. . . . 684] ferox, Salisb. . 115
syriacum, Dr. . . 165 Danura, Wal. . . 684 indica, Planch. - + 115
EvLINEX. - + + . 410) fuscata, Benth. & Eurycoma, Jack. + + 521

, Euonymus, Linn . . 607 H.f.. .. . 682 apiculata A.W. Benn. em
acutangulus, Wight 610 Gardneri, Benth, & longifolia, Jack. . 521
angulatus, Wight . 610 H.£ . . . . 690 merguensis, Planch. 521

atropurpwreus, Rox. 612 glabra, Bl. . . . 687 tavoyana, Wall.. . 5

attenuatus, Wall. . 610 Litchi, Juss... . 688 EvusIMARUBEZ + * , 517
bullatus, Wall. . . 610| Litchi, Wall... . 690 | Busynaxis barringtont ,
calocarpus, Kurz . 609 Longana, Bl . . 686 efolia, Griff. . > $
capillaceus, Wall. . 614| Longana, Lamk. . 690 EUTHEMIDEES ^. ' ' n
cinereus, Laws . . 611 Nephelium, DC.. . 687 | Euthemis, Jack. - > ed
crenulatus, Wall. . 608| Nephelium, Wall, . 690 t elegantissima, Wall. 52
dichotomus, Heyne . 609 Noronhiana, Bt.. . 686 elegantissima, ? Wall. 6
echinatus, Wall. .611| punicea, Lamk.. . 687 leueocarpa, Jack. - rod
filiformis, Wall. . 614| pupillum, Steud. . 689 | minor, Jack. - .; : 25
Smbriatus, Wall. . 61}| rubra, Royle. . . 684| f pulcherrima, Wall "e
frigidus, Wall, . . 611 undulata, Hb. Heyne 689 | Eutrema, Beste? 2
garcinifolius, Roxb, 614| verticillata, Wall. . 684 |. bimalaicum, Z.f.&T. 19

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 715

. Page Page
primulzfolium, H. f. Ficaria glacialis, Fisch. 21 graveolens, Rem. . 505
eT... + + ° 152 | Filicium, Thw. . . . 539 | Ganitrus — sphaerica,
Evodia, Forst, . . . 487 decipiens, Zw. . . 539 Gertn. . . .400
accedens, Miq. . . 489 | Firmiana colorata, Br. 360 | Garcinia, Lim. . .259
fraxinifolia, H. f. . 490 | Fissistiyma scandens, acuminata, Planch. 264
glabra, Bl. . . . 489 Grif, . . + . 80 afnis, Wall.. 260, 266

glauca, Miq.. . . 490 | Flacourtia, Comm. . . 191 afinis, W. & A.. . 262
gracilis, Kurz . . 488 Cataphracta, Roxb. . 193 Andersoni, Hk. f. . 270
Lamarckiana, Benth. 488 Cataphracta, Bl. . 192| anomala, Pl. & Tr. 266
latifolia, DC. . . . 489 Cataphracta, Wall. . 194 atro-viridis, Griff. . 266
Marambong, Miq. . 487 *cordifolia, Roxb. . 194 | bancana, Mig. . . 263
melizfolia, Benth. . 490 crenata, Wall. . . 191 Bhumicowa, Roxb. . 266
pedunculosa, H.f. . 489 ferox, Wall. . + . 194 Cambogia, Desr. . 261
robusta, H. f.. . . 488 inermis, Roxb. . . 192 cambogivides, Royle 265
Roxburghiana, Benth. 487 inermis, Wal. . . 190 celebica, Desr. . . 261
rutecarpa, Z.f. & T. 490 inermis, Miq. . . 192 celebica, Linn. . . 260
triphylla, DC. . . 488 Jangomas, Miq.. . 193 | Choisyana, Wall. . 265
triphylla, Bedd. . . 487 mollis, H. f. & T. . 192 | comcarpa, Wight . 262

viticina, Wali. . . 489 montana, Grah. . . 192 cornea, Linn. . . 260

montana, Zipp. . . 192 Cowa, Roxb.. . . 262

Fagara ? Budrunga, nivea, Moon . . 194 echinocarpa, Thw. . 264

Roxb. . . . .495 obcordata, Roxb. . 194 elliptica, Wall. 262, 264

Innur-ankenda, 1 Perottetiana, Clos. 193 | eugeniefolia, Wall. 268
Gertn. . . . .487 ? quintuplinervis, Gaudichaudi, Pl. &

Rhetsa, Roxb.. . . 495 Turez. . . 192 Tr... . + + 265

triphylla, Roxb... 487 Ramontchi, Z/ Her. . 193 Griffithii, Anders, . 266
triphylla, Lamk. . 488 Ramontchi, Wal. . 193 Gutta, Wight . . 264
Fagonia, Linn. . . . 425 * rotundifolia, Roxb. 194 heterandra, Wall. . 265
arabica, Linn. . . 425 Rukam, Zoll. & Mor. 192 indica, Chois. . 261, 262
Bruguieri, DC. . . 425 | sapida,+Roxb. . . 193 Kydia, Roxb. . . 262
cretica var. Anders. 425 sapida, Wall. . . . 191 Kydiana, Laness. . 262
Echinella, Boiss. . 425 sepiaria, Roxb. . . 194 lancezefolia, Roxb.261, 263

montana, Miq. . . 425 stigmarota, Wall. . 190 lateriflora, Bl.. . 265
mysorensis, Roth . 425 sumatrana, Planch. . 192 lobulosa, Wall. 262, 264
loniceroides, Anders. 264

Pagreea ? dubia, Wall. 281| — Wightiana, Wall. . 194
Parsetia, Desv. . . . 140 | Flacourtiacea . < - 419| macrophylla, Anders. 270
egyptiaca, Turr.. . 140 | FLACOURTIEZE . + > 189 Maingayi, Hk. f. . 267
malaccensis, Hk. f. . 261

Edgeworthii, H.f.&T. 141 Flourensia cæspitosa, J
Hamiltonii, Royle . 140 Camb. . . . . 248| Mangostana, Linn. . 260
Jacquemontii, H.f. Flueggia leucopyrus, merguensis, Wight . 267

& T. . . . 140 Wight . . . . 194| Morella, Desr. 261,264

linearis, Dene. . . 140 | Frankenia, Linn. . . 212 *F nervosa, Miq.

longisiliqua, Dene. . 140 ulverulenta, Linn.. 212 nigro-lineata, Planch. 263
Soise 7 ; ` 211| ovalifolia, Hk. f. . 269

y alis, Boiss. . . . 141 | FRANKENIACEX

eronia, Gertn.. . . 516 | Freziera ! attenuata, oxyphylla, pl & Tr. 263

Elephantum, Correa 516 Wal. . . + + 290 paniculata, Roxb. . 266
. 127 papilla, Wight . . 262

pellucida, Roth . . 517 | Fumaria, Linn.
Pibraurea, Lour. . . 97 parviflora, Lamk. . 128 pedunculata, Roxb. 264

chloroleuca, Miers . 98 | FUMARIACE®. : 120| pictoría, Roxb. . . 264

fasciculata, Miers . 98 | Gærtnera laurifolia, purpurea, Roxb. . 261
adr. . . 419 purpurea, Wall. . . 263

tinctoria, Zour. . . 98| Herb. M Wall
tinctoria, Miers . . 98 racemosa, Roxb.. . 418 Rozburghii, sight. 262
Gallesioa pentaphylla, speciosa, Wall. 260, 267

them
& atocarpa, nee 504 fspectabilis, .. . « 261

106 Rem. .* >

* At 194 H. cordifolia and rotundifolia should be F. ete. .
+ G. Andertoni, H.f. p. 270 is ual to G. nervosa, Miq., which is omitted,
£ For @. spectabilis under G. malaccensis, p. 261, read G. speciosa.

716

Page

stipulata, Anders.
succifolia, Kurz
terpnophylla, The.
travancorica, Bedd.
umbellifera, Wall. .
umbellifera, Roxb. .
venulosa, Chois. .
* Wallichiana, Chois.
Wallichii, Chois.

. 267
. 270

268
208
263
262

. 263

263

. 262

Wightii, T. Anders. 265
xanthochymus, Hk. f. 269
zeylanica, Roxb. . 262
Garuga, Roxb. . . 528
? madagascariensis,
CG... . . . . 528
pinnata, Roxb. . , 528
Gela lanceolata, Lour. 498
Gemella trifolia, Lour. 674
GERANIEX . 426
GERANIACEE . 426
Geranium, Linn. . . 428
aconitifolium, L'Her, 429
afine, W.& A. . . 481
Arnottianum, Steud. 431
Buckhousianum, Re-
gel. . . . . 480
bicolor, Royle . . 438
choorense, Royle ` . 433
collinum, M.B. . . 429
Donianum, Wall. . 430
Donianum, Hk. f.

T. . .. .431
eriostemon, Don. . 430
grandiflorum,Edgw. 430
Grevilleanum, Wall. 430
heterotrichon, Sm. . 433
himalayense,

Klotzsch . 429
levigatum, Royle . 433
? Lamberti, Sw. . . 430
? Lawianum, Grah. 427
Lindleyanum, Royle 433
lucidum, Linn. . . 433
molle, Linn. . " 432
multifidum, Don . 430
nepalense, Sw. . 430
ocellatum, Camb. . 433
pallidum, Royle. . 431
? palustre, Linn.. , 430
patens, Royle . , 431
peduneulatum, Royle 433
polyanthes, Zdgw. &

H.f. . . . .481
potentilloides, Klotz, 432
pratense, Linn. . . 429
pusillum, Zinn.. . 432

Page
radicans, DC. . . 431
rectum, Trautv.. . 429
refractum, Edgw. . 428
Robertianum, Linn. 432

rotundifolium, Linn. 432
sibiricum, Linn.. . 431
Tuberaria, Camb. . 431
Wallichianum, Sw. . 430
Gilibertia nalugu, DC. 667
Glenniea, Hk. f. . . 682
zeylanica, Hk. f. . 682
Glossospermum ? cor-
datum, Wal. . . 374
? quinque-alatum,
Wall. 393
velutinum, Wall. 374
Glycosmis, Correa . 499
angustifolia Lindl. . 500
arborea, DC.. . . 500
bilocularis, Thw. . 500
chylocarpa, W. & A. 500
crenulata, Turez. 501
macrocarpa, Wight . 500
macrophylla, Lindl. 500
nitida, W. & A. . 500
pentaphylla, Correa 499
puberula, Lindi. . 501
Retzi, Rem. . . . 500
sapindoides, Lindl. . 501
triphylla, Wight . 500
Glyptopetalum, T'Àw. . 612
grandiflorum, Bedd. 613
sclerocarpum, Kurz 613
zeylanicum, Thw. . 612
Goldbachia, DC. . . 166
levigata, DC. 166
torulosa, DC.. . 166
Gomphandra, Wall. 585
affinis, Mast.. . 586
axillaris, Wall. . . 586
coriacea, Wight . 586
? crassipes, Mast. 587
penangiana, Wall. . 587
polymorpha, Wight. 586
polymorpha, Wight . 586
tomentella, Mast. 587
Gomphia, Schreb. . 525
angustifolia, Vahl . 525
Hookeri, Planch. 525
malabarica, DC.. . 525
sumatrana, Jack. 525
sumatrensis, Planch. 526
umbellata, H.f. . . 525
zeylanica, DC. . . 522
Goniothalamus, Bl . 75

eardiopetalus,H.f.&7. 75

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

fulvus, Z.f.& T. . 15

Gardneri, Hf. & T. 73

giganteus, Hf. & T. 75

Grifüthii, Hf. & T. 1

Hookeri, Thw. . . 13

macrophyllus, Æ.f.
ÈT.

malayanus, H.f.&T. 15
reticulatus, Tw. . 75
salicinus, H. f. & T. -
sesquipedalis, Z.f.

&To o. .549
Simonsii, H.f. & T. 74
Thomsoni, Thw.. . 14
Phwaitesii, Z.f.& T. 12
Walkerii, Z. f. & T. 74
Wightii, H. J. & T. 78

` wynaadensis, Bedd. . T

Gordonia, Eus i 290
acuminata, Wa 38 2, 290
anomala, Spr. š 292
Chilaunia, Ham. . 289
decandra, Roxb. d
elliptica, Gardn. + E
excelsa, Bl. «+ * a
floribunda, Wall. . nad
integrifolia, Roxb. - a

Maingayi Dyer + + 2
mollis, Wall.. + °
oblata, Roxb. . .
obtusa, Wall + + *
obtusifolia, Wight + í
parvifolia, Wight or
1! peduncularis,
reticulata, Wall... +
singaporiana, Wall.

92

speciosa, Thu, +» + °
superba, H. f. & T.. ey
Wallichii, DC. ben
zeylanica, Wight ang

GORDONIEE . + °

Gossampinus rubra, 349
Ham. - Ert
Gossypium, Linn. - ur
acuminatum, xb. 346
album, W. & A... * 347
arboreum, Linn. + * "
barbadense, Linn. "SH
herbaceum, Linn. + 347
hirsutum, Linn. , + 346
indicum, Lam i . 346
micranthum, DO. * 247

nigrum, ae 3 ;
igram, W. 2 1
obtusifolium, Roxb. 94

* For Wallichiana p. 263, under G, Cowa read Wallichii.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES

Page
peruvianum, Cav. . 347
religiosum, Roxb. . 347
religiosum, Parl. . 347

rubicundum, Roxb. 347
Stocksii, Mast. . 946
vitifolium, Lamk. . 347
vitifolium, Roxb. . 347
Gouania, Linn. . . 643
integrifolia, Kurz . 643
lanceolata, Wall. . 644
leptostachya, DC. . 643
mierocarpa, DC. . . 643
napalensis, Wall. . 644
tiliefolia, Heyne . 643
Govawig& . . . . 630
Gouffeia crassiuscula,
Camb. . . . 241
Granatum littoreum,
Rumph. . 567
Grewia, Linn. . . 383
abutilifolia, Juss. . 390
acuminata, Juss. . 989
affinis, Lindl. . . 393
ajinis, Hassk. . . 393
angustifolia, Wall. . 391
araria, Wall. . . 386
arborea, Roth . 386
" asiatica, Linn. . . 386
asiatica, Wall. 387, 390
aspera, Roxb, . . 390
begonifolia, Wall. . 393
betulefolia, Juss. . 985
bicolor, Roth . . 885
bicolor, Juss.. «+ . 986
biloba, Wall. . . 391
bipartita, Wall. . . 388
Blumei, Hassk. . . 393
bracteata, Roth . . 389
bracteata, Miq. . 883
calophylla, Kurz. . 392
carpinifolia, Juss. . 887
carpinifolia, Wall. . 383
carpinifolia, Roth . 384
carpinifolia, Roxb. . 388
Carrea, Ham. . . 887
? caudata, Wall.. . 379
columnaris, Sm. . . 383
commutata, DC.. . 388
coriacea, Garcke . 388
corylifolia, Guill. &
Perr. . . + + 888
didyma, Roxb. . . 389
diplocarpa, Thw. . 390
disperma, Rott]. . . 389
elastica, Royle . . 987
"emarginata, W. & A. 384
excelsa, Vahl . . 385

ferruginea, Hochst. 889

Page
fibrocarpa, Mast. . 391
jlavescens, Juss, — . 388
glabra, Jack . . 893
globulifera, Mast. . 391
helicterifolia, Wall. 391
heteroclita, Roxb. . 379
heterotricha, Mast. 385
hirsuta, Vahl . 391
hirsuta, Wall. . 891
humilis, Wall. . . 390
involucrata, Wall.. 384

involucrata, Wight. 388

levigata, Vahl. . 889
Lalpeta, Ham. . 989
tlanceefolia, Roxb. 391

991
391

lanceolata, Hb. Hey.
lancifolia, Grah. .

latifolia, Mast. . . 392
laurifolia, Hook. . 392
longifolia, Ham. . 391

macrophylla, G. Don 390

Microcos, Linn. . . 892
microstemma, Wall. 390
mollococca, Ham. . 389
multiflora, Juss.. . 888
nana, Wall. . . 387

obliqua, Roxb, . . 387
obtecta, Wall. . . 387
obtusa, Wall. 383, 384, 389
odorata, Bl. . . . 389
oppositifolia, Roxb. . 384
orbicularis, G. Don. 386
orbiculata, Aot. . 386
orbiculata, Wall. . 986
orbiculata, G. Don . °88
orientalis, Linn. . 384

orientalis, Vahl . . 383
orientalis, Wall.. . 384
orientalis, Gertn. . 388
ovalifolia, Wight . 984
ovalifolia, Juss. . . 389
paniculata, Roxb. . 393

pedicellata, Roxb. .
pilosa, Lamk.
pilosa, Wall. 383, 384,

387, 389
pilosa, Roxb. . 390, 391
polygama, Roxb. . 391
populifolia, Vahl 385
pumila, Ham. 387
retusifolia, Kurz 390

rhamnifolia, Roth. .

rigida, Ham. . + 385
Ritehiei, Mast. . - 389
Rothü, DC. . . . 385

rotundifolia, Juss. . 386

Rozburghii, G. Don. 391
rugosa, Wall, » + 393

AND SYNONYMS.

salvifolia, Heyne .
salvifolia, Roxb.
salvifolia, Wall. .
sapida, Roxb.

saxatilis, Ham. .
scabrida, Wall. .
scabrida, Wall. .

scabrophylla, Roxb..
sclerophylla, Wall. .

sepiaria, Roxb. .
serrulata, DC. .
sinuata, Wall.

subinequalis, DC.

subinequalis, Wall. .
suffruticosa, Ham. .

sulcata, Wall.

Sulcoria, Ham. .
tilizefolia, Vahl .
ulmifolia, Roxb.
umbellata, Roxb.

umbellifera, Bedd. .

variabilis, Wall. .
vestita, Wall. .
villosa, Willd.
viminea, Wall .
GnaEWIEE | .
Guarea acuminata,

Wall . .. .

Alliaria, Ham. .
t Amaris, Ham.

binectarifera, Roxb.
disyphonia, Griff.

Gobara, Ham.

Gotadhora, Buch.

grandis, Wall. .
mollis, Wall. .
oblonga, Wall.

oblongifolia, Griff. .

paniculata, Wall.

paniculata, Roxb.

procera, Wall.

Guatteria acutifolia,

Wall . .
acutiflora, Wall.
bifaria, A. DC. .
biglandulosa, Bl.
brevipetala, Miq.
caudata, Wall.
cerasoides, Dun.

cinnamomea, Wall..

eoffeoides, Thw. .
cordata, Dun.

.

costata, H. f. & T. .
fusciculata, Wall. .

fragrans, Dalz. .
globosa, A. DC. .

Tenkinsii, H.f. & T.

Ü K. orinti, Dun. `

`

718

Page
laurifolia, Grah. . 93
longifolia, Wall. . 62
macrophylla, Bl. 66
Malabarica, Dun. . 51

membranacea, A.DC.

micrantha, A. DC.. 51
montana, DC. . . 51
multinervis, Wall. . 65
nitida, A. DOC. . . 64
pallida, H. f. & T.. 67
persicefolia,H.f. & T. 66
ramosissima, Wall. 68
sesquipedalis, Wall. 73
simiarum, Ham. 63
suberosa, DC. . , 65
unonefolia, A.DC. 71
velutina, A.DC. . 87
Guazuma, Plum. 875
tomentosa, Kunth. 375
ulmifolia, Wall. 375
Gumsia chloroxylon,

Ham. . . . 371
hirta, Ham, . 370
tiliacea, Wall. . . 871

Gustonia nalugu, Spr. 667
Guttifera, , 267
GurTIFERÀ . . . , 258
Gymnosporia, W. & A. 618
acuminata, H. f. 619
emarginata, Roth. 621
Falconeri, Laws. 620
fruticosa, Tha, . 619
Heyneana, W. & A.. 620
montana, Roch. , 621
neglecta, Wall. . 619
oblanceolata, Laws. 619
ovata, Wall. . 619
puberula, Laws.. . 619
Rothiana, W. & A. . 620
Royleana, Wall. . 620
rufa, Wall. . 620
rugulosa, Laws. . 621
salicifolia, Laws. 619
Wallichiana, Spr. . 621
Gynandropsis, DC. 170
pentaphylla, DC. 171
Gynocardia, Br. . 195
odorata, Br.. . . 195
Gynocephalum bractea-

tum, Tréc. . 592
giganteum, Tréc. , 591
oblongum, Tréc. . 592
palmatum, Tréc. 592

Gypsophiia, Linn. 216
cerastioides, Don 217
sedifolia, Kurz. . . 217
Stewartii, Thoms. . 216
Tibetica, H. f. & T. , 217

Habzelia ferruginea,
H.f.&T.. .
oxyantha, H. f.
&T .

Hematocarpus, Miers .
Thomsoni, Miers
Hapalosa Leflingia,

Wall. . . . 2

Harpullia, Roxb.
cupanoides, Roxb.
imbricata, Thw.

Harrisonia, Br. .
Bennetii. H. f. .
Brownii *, Kurz

Hartigsea Alliaria,

Arn. . . .
Gobara, W. & A.
ramiflora, Griff. .
Hebradendron cambo-
gioides, Grah.
Choisyanum, Chois.
Wallichii, Chois. .
Hedera hypoglauca,
Hane . . .

Helicteres. Linn. °

angustifolia, Linn. .

carthagenensis, Wall.

chrysocalyx, Miq.

elongata, Wall. .

glabriuscula, Wall. .

grewiefolia, Wall. .

hirsuta?, Hb. Ham.

Isora, Linn. .

lanceolata, DC. .

lanigera, Wall. .

longifolia, Wall.

oblonga, Wall. .

obtusa, Wall.

plebeja, Kurz .

Roxburghii, G. Don

spicata, Colebr. . .

spinulosa, Wall. .

vestita, Wall.

DI

virgata, Wall.
HELICTERE® . ,
Helie atalantioides,
Rem. . . .

Helinus, Z. Mey. .
lanceolatus, Brandis
HELLEBORE.£
Hemigyrosa, Bi.
canescens, Thw. .
deficiens, Bedd. .
longifolia, Hiern. .
trichocarpa, Thw. .
Hemiphractum oxyan-
drum, Turez, . .
Hepatica, sp. po *

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page
83

318
+ 8

SYNONYMS,

Page
Heritiera, Ait. . . . 862
attenuata, Wall., 363,517
Fomes, Buch. . 863
Fomes, Wall. . . 963
littoralis, Dryand. . 863
macrophylla, Hort. . 363
minor, Roxb, . . 363
Papilio, Bedd. E 865
Hermannia alnifolia,
Wall. . a . 822
HERMANNIEÆ . + ° 354
Hesperethusa acidis-
sima, Rem. . . 507
ambigua, Rem . . 507
crenulata, Rem. Hr
HETEROPETALE . s
Heteropyxis, Griff. Pr
Heynea, Roxb. . 565
affinis, Juss... + + »
connaroides, Wight . 5 ;
pubescens, Kurz . en
quinquejuge, Rox. Pn
trifoliata, Juss. . 565
trijuga, Roxb. Ap
HIBISOEÆ® . + + y
Hibiscus, Medik. . ae
Abelmoschus, Linn. on
acerifolius, Wall. . i
aculeatus, Roxb. 25
æstvans, Wall . - Hi
mstuans, Aottl. . + jt
albus, Wal. . + + SI
angulosus, Mast. - zt
Arnotti, Griff. gie
asperatus, Wall. 335
bifurcatus, Roxb. + 337
borbonicus, Wight au
canaranus, Miq. 342
cancellatus, R 337
canescens, Heyne $30
cannabinus, Linn. - 242
chinensis, Wall. . 5
; Cav. . 33
clandestinus, 338
collinus, Roxb. . 332
coriaceus, Heyne 332
crotonifolius, 338
cuspidatus, Edgw. - 234
dissectus, Wall. . 339
diversifolius, Jacq. + 338
eriocarpus, V
esculentus, Linn. + ue
ficulneus, Lint. * 342
vescens, Cav. + * 343
floccosus, x * ` $97
fragrans, Rox). + : 335
feroces an mr"
furca wee Roxb. 845

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 719

. . Page ° Page Page
Gibsoni, Stocks . . 839 sidoides, W. & A. . 338 Finlaysoniana,Wall. 422
heptaphyllus, Dalz. simplex, Roxb. . . 338 hirsuta, Wall. . . 421

& Gibs. . . . 835 sinuatus, Cav. . . 340 indica, Roxb, . .420
hirtus, Linn. . . 835 solandra, L'Her. . 386 indica, Wall.. . . 421
hirtus, Buch. . . 342 spathaceus, Wall. . 342 lanuginosa, Wall. . 421
hispidissimus, Griff. 335 strictus, Roxb. . . 310 Merguensis, Wight . 420
hostilis, Wall. . . 842 suborbiculatus, Wall. 336 mutans, Wall. . .421
intermedius, A.Rich 336 surattensis, Linn. . 334 nutans, Roxb. . . 421
laguneoides, Edgw. . 340 syriacus, Linn. . . 344 orbiculata, Roxb, . 421
Lampas, Cav. . . 345 tetralocularis, Roxb. 345 oxyphylla, Wall. . 420
liliiflorus, Griff. . 344 tetraphyllus, Roxb. . 341 | Holbeellia, Wall. . . 108
Lindleii, Wall. . . 335 | tiliaceus, Linn. . . 343 acuminata, Lindl. . 108
longifolius, Roxb. . 343 tortuosus, Roxb. . 343 angustifolia, Wall. . 108
lunariifolius, Willd. 338 tricuspis, Banks. . 344 latifolia, Wall. . . 108
macrophyllus, Roxb. 337 Trionum, Linn.. . 334 | Holopeira auriculata,
Manihot, Linn. . . 341 truncatus, Roxb. . 338 Miers . . . . 101
micranthus, Linn. . 335 tubulosus, Cav. . . 338 australis, Miers . . 101
mutabilis, Linn. . 344 velutinus, DC. . . 838 fusiformis, Miers . 101
obtusifolius, Willd. . 338 venustus, Bl.. . . 344 leviuscula, Miers . 101

odoratus, Roxb. . . 931 vesicarius, Cav. . . 334 laurifolia, Miers . 101
ovalifolius, Vahl . 336 vestitus, Griff. . . 337 villosa, Miers. . . 101
pandurzformis, vestitus, Wall. . . 34) | Hotoprrara . . . 380

Burm.. . . . 838 vitifolius, Zinn. ° . 388 | Holosteum, Linn, . . 226
pentaphyllus, F. Mu. 340 Wightianus, Wall. . 339 umbellatum, Zinn. . 227
pentaphyllus, Roxb. 341 zeylanicus, Linn. . 331 | Hopea, Roxb. . . . 308
pheniceus, Willd. . 335 | Hildegardia populi- decandra, Buch. . 308
populneoides, Roxb. 315 folia, Br. . . . 361 discolor, Thw. . . 310
populneus, Linn. . 845 | Hippocratea, Z. . . 623 eglandulosa, Roxb. . 308
procerus, Wall. . . 339 angulata, Qrif.. . 611 faginea, Hort. Cale. 308
prostratus, Roxb. . 340 arborea, Roxb . . 625| faginea, Wall.
pruriens, Roxb.. . 338 Arnottiana Wight . 624 | floribunda, Wall. . 304
pterospermoides, barbata, F. Muell. . 623 glabra, W. æ A. .. 309

Wight . . . . 882 Cumingii, Laws. . 624| grandifora, Wall. . 301
pumilus, Roxb. . . 336 disperma, Vahl. . 625 gratissima, Wall. . 307
punctatus, Valz. . 340 ?disperma, Wall. . 625 Griflithii, Kurz . . 310
pungens, Roxb. . . 341 euonymoides, Vahl. . 625 jucunda, Thw. . . 810
racemosus, Lindl. . 838 Grahami, Wight. . 624 longifolia, Dyer . . 309
radiatus, Willd. . . 335 ? grandiflora, Wall. 624 micrantha, Hk. f. . 310
rhombifolius, Cav. . 344 indica, Willd. . . 624 oblongifolia, Dyer . 309
ricinifolius, Wall. . 342 lanceolata, Wall. . 624 odorata, Roxb. . . 308
rigidus, Linn. f. . . 335 Lobbii, Laws. . . 624 odorata; Wal. . . 308
rosa-malabarica, Maingayi, Laws. . 625 parviflora, Bedd. . 308

Ker. . . . . 885 obtusifolia, Roxb. . 623 | parviflora, Bedd. . 309
rosa-sinensis, Linn. 344 obtusifolia, Roxb. . 625 racophlea, Dyer . 310
rugosus, Mast. . . 342 rigida, Hamp. . 624 scaphula, Roxb. . . 301
Sabdariffa, Zinn. . 340 tortuosa, Wall. . . 624] suava, Wall . . . 304
sagittifolius, Kurz. . 342 volubilis, Heyn. . . 624 vasta, Wall. EE 308
sanguineus, Griff. . 342 | HiPPOCRATEE . . - 607 Wightiana, Wall. . 309
acaber, Wall.. . . 339 | Hiptage Gertn. . . 418 Wightiana, Miq. . 308
scandens, Rozb.. . 337 acuminata, Wall, . 419 | Hovenia, Thunb. » + 640
scandens, Dalz. & candicans, Hk. . . 419 acerba, Lindl. . . 640

Gibs ^. . ^ S 886 | Madablota, Gertn. . 418| dulcis, Thunb. . . 640
scindicus, Stocks . 336 | parviflora, Wight . 419| imequalis DC, . . 640
septemnervos us, parvifolia, W. & A. 419 | Hugonia, Lim. . . 413

Wight. . . + . 337 sericea, Hk. f. . . 419 ferruginea, W. £ A. 413
serratus, Wall. . . 338 | Hiræa concava, Wall. 420 Mystax, Linn, . . 413
setosus, Roxb. . . 337 cordata, Heyne , . 421 obovata, Ham. . . 413

setosus, Wall. . 338 | glabriuscula, Wall. , 420 ' Hvcosigm . , . . 410

720

Page

Humea elata, Roxb. 318
Hutchinsia, Griff. . . 159
procwmbens, Desv. . 159
tibetica, Thoms. . . 159

Hyalostemma Rox-

bw ghiana, Wall.. 87
Hydnocarpus, Gertn. . 196
alpina, Wight. . 197
castanea, H. f. & T. 197
inebrians, Vahl. . . 196
inebrians, Wall.. . 196
octandra, Thw. . 197
venenata, Gaertn. . 196
Wightiana, Bl. . 196
Hydrocera, Bl.. . . 483
angustifolia, Bl.. . 483
trifora, W. & A. . 483
Hydropeltis purpurea,
Rich. . . 113
Hymenocalyx varia-
bilis, Zenk. |. . 841

Hypecoum, Tourn.

120

leptocarpum, H. f. T. 120

procumbens, Linn, .
HYPERICE® . . .
HYPERICINE® . .
Hypericinea | dentata,

Wal. . | .
macrocarpa, Wall.

120

. 252
. 252

416

. 417

pedumculosa, Wall. 416
Hypericum, Linn.. . 253
acutum, Wall . . 953
adenophorum, Wall. 256
alternifolium, Vahl. 294
arborescens, Vahl. . 258
bracteatum, Wall. . 953
breviflorum, Wall. . 257
calycatum, Jacq. . 256
carneum, Wall. =
cratoxylon polyan-

thum, Korth.. . 257
cernuum, Roxb. . . 253
Choisianum, Wall. . 254
coccineum, Wall. . 258
cordifolium, Chois. . 253
coriaceum, Royle . 254
elodeoides, Chois. . 255
erectum, Thbg. . . 255
filicaule, H. f. & T. 252
fotidum, H. f. & T. 257
Govanianum, Wall. 953
Grifithii, H. f. & T. 953
Hookerianum, W.

4. . . . . 254
horridum, Wall. . 257
humifusum, Linn.255, 256
intermedium, Stend. 256
japonicum, Thunb. . 256

Lalandii, Chois. .
Leschenaulti?, Chois.

lysimachioides, Wall.

monanthemum, H. f.
€T .

montanwm, linn. .
myrtifolia, Spach
mysorense, Heyne
napaulense, Chois.
neriifolium, Wall.
mervosum, Don . .
oblongifoliwm, Chois.

oblongifolium,H ook.

oblongifolium, Wall.
patlens, Don °
patulum, Thunb.
perforatum, Linn. .
petiolatum, Wall. .
petiolulatum, H, f.
€T ...
prunifolium, Dyer .
pulchellum, Wall.
pusillum, Chois.

Page |
. 256 |

254
254

. 256

256

. 253
. 253

256

. 257

256
253
254
254

. 256
. 254

255
257

. 255

258

. 257
. 256

reptans, Zf. f. & T. 255
rubrum, Wight . . 255
Sampsoni, Hance . 255
setosum, Wall. . . 256
speciosum, Wall. . 253
tenuicaule, H. f.

T. .. . . 254
triflorum, Bl . . 254
uralum, Ham. . . 254
Wightianum, Wall. 256

Hypserpa cuspidata,
Miers . . 100
pauciflora, Miers . 100
prevaricata, Miers 100
uniflora, Miers . . 100
Iberidella, Boiss. . 162

Andersoni, Jf. f. $. T. 163

IoAcINFH . . . 573

Icica dentata, DC. . 506
indica, W.& A. . 531

Ilex, Linn. . . . . 598
asiatica, Linn. . 606
cymosa, Bl. . 605
daphnephylloides,

Kur . . 606
denticulata, Wall. . 600
dipyrena, Wall . . 599
? elliptica, Don . . 603
emarginella, Turez. . 600
embelioides, JJ. f. . 601
excelsa, Wall. . . 603
exsulca, Wall. . . 603
fragilis, H. f. . . 602

Gardneriana, Wight 603

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Gaultheritefolia, Kur. ol
Godajam, Colebr. . 604
Grifütbii, H. f. . . 601
Horsfieldit, Miq. . 602
insignis, H. f. . . 599
intricata, H. f. . 602
macrophylla, Wall. . 604
Maingayi, H.f. . . 605
malabarica, Bedd. . 600:
niligirica, Mig. . . 600
odorata, Ham. . . 599
rotunda, Thunb, . 604
sclerophylla, H.f. . 606
singapuriana, Wall. 605
spicata, Bl. . . . 598
suleata, Wall. . . 604
thesefolia, Wall.. . 601
Thomsoni, H. f. . . 602
venulosa, Hf, . + 602
Walkeri, Wt. 4 Gard. 600
Walkerii, Turez, . 600
Wallichii, H. f. . 605
Wightiana, Wall. . 603
Wightiana, Dalz. & A
Gibs. . + ` -—
ĪLICINE® e.. ns
Tlicineat. . à E
Illecebrum verticilla- x
dum, Burm. + + 9
Tllicium, /inn. . d
Griffithii, a é T. 1
majus, H. f. & > MO
Impatiens, P us
acaulis, Arn. + ° 62
acuminata, Benth. 4 s
Akka, Bedd.. + os
albida, Wight - der
amphorata, É Edgw.475, dA

amplexicaulis, i 4

anamalayens's, Bedd
angustiflora,
appendiculata, m.

. 452

. 480

464

arcuata, Wall. . 454
arguta, H. f. & T.. AH
Arnottiana, Miq. - 166
Arnottii, mE ien
-assamensis, š

auriculata, Wight , Ae
Ballardi, Bedd.- - os
Balsamina, Linn. at
Balsamina, Dalz. "s

Beddomei, H.f. `
bela, H. f. € T. +
bicolor, Royle + *
bicornuta, .
bifida, Thunb. - `+
biglandulosa, M
bipartita, Arm. -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 721
Page Page Page

brachycentra, Kar.

& Kim. . . 481
bracteata, Coleb. . 461
brevicornu, Arn. . 455
bulbosa, Moon. . . 448
calycina, Wall. . . 472
campanulata, Wight 463
candida, Lindl. . . 469
capillipes, JT. f. & T. 456
Catheartii, H. f. —. 473
chinensis, Linn. . . 444
cireevides, Wall. . 453
circeoides, Turez. . 452
clavicornu, Turez. . 483
coccinea, Wall. . . 454

concinna, Hk. f. . . 449
cordata, Wight . 462
cornigera, Arn. . . 400
cornigera, Hook. . 454
cornuta, Liun. . 454

crenata, Bedd. . . 442
cristata, Wall. . 472
cuspidata, W. & A. . 450
eymbifera, H.f.. . 474
Dalzellii, H. f. & T. . 449
dasysperma, Wight . 457
debilis, Turcz. . . 483
Denisonii, Bedd. . . 444
depauperata, H. f. . 481
discolor, Wall. . . 471
diversifolia, Wall. . 446
Edgeworthii, H. f. . 476
elata, Edgw. . . .481
elegans, Bedd. . . 465
elongata, Arn. . . 466
eriantha, Turez. . 457
fasciculata, Lamk. . 444
filiformis, W. & A. . 447,
448
fimbriata, Hook. . 461
flaccida, Arn. . 457
flaccida, var. B, H. f.
& T. . . . . 458
flavida, H.f.& T. . 452
floribunda, Wight . 457
fruticosa, DO. . . 459
Gardneriana, Wight . 445
Gardneriana, Wight 450
gibbosa, Arn. . . 455
gigantea, Edgw. . . 469
glandulifera, Arn. 64
glandulifera, var.
m.. 2 + +
glandulifera, Royle
glauca, H.f. & T.
Goughii, Wight .
gracilis, Bedd. .
grandis, Heyne .

VOL L

Grifñthii, Z.f. £ T. 445
Hamiltoniana, Don 472
Henslowiana, Arn. . 458
heterophylla, Wall. . 444
hispidula, Benth. . 470
Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. 471
Hookeriana, Arn. . 463
inconspicua, Benth. . 447
inconspicua, Wight . 448
insignis, DO. . . 477

janthina, Thw. . . 461
Jerdonie, Wight . 460
Jurpia, Ham. . . 471

Kleinii, W. À. . 445
levigata, Wall. . . 413
latiflora, H. f. & T. . 459
latifolia, Linn. . . 450
latifolia, Hook. . . 457
latifolia, Moon . . 457
latifolia, W. & A. . 451
Liwii, H. f.& T. . 448
laxiflora, Edgw. 479, 430
laxiflora? Wall. . 478
laxiflora, H. f. & T. . 481
leptoceras, DC... 477
leptoceras, var. 4,

H. f. & T. . 477, 480
leptoceras, var. B, H.

f&T.. . . ., 479
leptoceras, vars. , H. f.

&T. . +. . + 480
leptopoda, Arn. . - 455
leptura, H. f. . 467

Leschenaultii, Wall. 450

leucantha. Thw.. . 464
ligulata, Bedd. . - 446
linearis, Arn.. . . 464
lineata, Turez. + - 468
Lobbiana, Turez. . 454
longicornu, Wall 475,
476, 477

longiflora, Heyne . 447

. 454

longifolia, Wight
longipes, H. f. & T. 473
lucida, Heyne . . 451
macrochila, Lindl. . 469
macrophylla, Gardn. 454
maculata, Wight . 465
malayensis, Griff. . 483
micrantha, Don , 479
micranthemum, Zdg. 481
mishmiensis, H. f. . 476

modesta, W. dA. - 442
mollis, Wal. . . 470
moschata, Edgw. . 469
multiflora, Wall. . 479
Munronii, Wight . 456

i . 456

mysorensis, Roth.

` stenantha, H. f..

mysorensis, Roth. . 447
mysorensis, Wall. . 447
? natans, Willd. . . 483
odorata, Don. . © 477
oppositifolia, Linn.. 448
orehioides, Bedd. . 443
pallens, Edgw. . . 476
paludosa, H. f. . . 480
parasitica, Bedd. . 460
Parishii, H. f. . . 456
parvifolia, Bedd. . 453
pendula, Heyne . . 455
Perotettii, Turez. . 447
phomicea, Bedd. — . 466
picta, Kn. & West. . 476
porrecta, Walt. . . 472
puberula, DC. . 470
pulcherrima, Dalz . 458
pulehra, H. f. & T. 459
pulniensis, Bedd. . 452
pusilla, Heyne, 447, 448
racemosa, DO. . . 479
racemosa, H. f. . . 476
racemosa, Wall. 478, 479
racemulosa, Wall. . 468
radiata, H. f. ~ . 476
radicans, Benth.. . 451
ramosissima, Dalz.

447, 448
repens, Moon . 455
reticulata, Wall. . 448
rivalis, Wight . . 444
rosea, Lindl.. . + 454
rosmarinifolia, Retz

47, 448
rosmarinifolia,

Wight . . . 447
Royle, Walp. . . 468
Roylei, Klotzsch . 476
rufescens, Benth. . 449

salicifolia, H. f. & T. 450
salicifolia, Turez. . 450,
454
scabrida, DC. . 472
scabriuscula, Heyne 454
scapiflora, Heyne . 443
scapiflora, Hook. . 443
scapiflora, W. & A. 442
semiverticillata, Tez. 482

serrata, Benth. . . 473
setacea, Colebr. . . 444
setosa, H. f. d T. . 445

spirifer, H. f. & T.. 411

. 478

Stocksii, H. f. & T. 442

subcordata, Arn. . 461

sulcata, Wall. 469, 475

Tangachee, Bedd. . 407
3A

722 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page Page Page
tavoyana, Benth. . 468 | Isauxis Roxburghiana, Kurrimia, Wall. . . 621
tenella, Heyne . . 447 Thw. . . . . 303| bipartita, Laws . . 622
tenella, Rott]. . . 447 cordifolia, Thw. . 308 calophylla, Wall. . 622
tenella, Wall. . . 446 | Isopteris penangiana, ceylanica, Arn. . . 622
tenuicula, Steud. . 447 Wal. . . . . 208 Maingayi Laws. . 622

tenuis, Bedd. . . 442 | Isopyrum, Linn. . . 28 panieulata, Wall. . 622
Thomsoni, H. f.. . 469 | adiantifolium, .f.£T. 23 | pulcherrima, Wall. 622
tingens, Edgw. . . 479 anemonoides, Kar. & robusta, Kurz . . 622
tomentosa, Dalz.. . 447 Kir. . . . . 28| Kydia, Roxb. . + + 348
tomentosa, Heyne . 449 grandiflorum, Fisch. 23 angustifolia, Arn. . 933
travancorica, Bedd. 464 microphyllum, Royle 23 axillaris, Thw. . < 333
tricornis, Lindl.. . 472 thalietroides, Linn.. 23 calycina, Roxb. . - 348
triflora, Linn. . . 483 | ĪXONANTHEÆ® . . . 410 fraterna, Roxb.. . 348
trilobata, Colebr. . 451 | Ixonanthes, Jack. . . 416| glabrescens, Mast, . 948.
tripetala, Roxb. . . 470 cuneata, Mig. . . 416 jujubifolia, Griff. . 333
tropeolifulia, Grif.. 472 dodecandra, Griff. . 416 pulverulenta, Ham.. 348
truncata, Thw. . . 455 icosandra, Jack.. . 416 Roxburghiana, Wight 348
tuberculata, H.f. & T. 478 khasiana, H.f. . . 416
umbellata, Heyne . 461 obovata, H. f. . . 417 Lagunea aculeata, Cay. 340

umbrosa, H. f. . . 476 reticulata, Jack. | . 417 lobata, Willd. . - 336
umbrosa, Edgw.. . 476 sileniflora, Wall. . 936
uncinata, Wight. . 465 | Jambolifera peduncu- Lahaya corymbosa,

urticifolia, Wall. . 474 lata, Vahl. . . 498 Schul. . . + + 945
urticifolia B, H. f.& T. 474 | Jenkinsia assamica, spadicea, Schult. . 245
verrucosa, Bedd. . 444 Griff. . . . . 593 | Lampetia racemosa,

verticillata, Wight . 452 | Johnia coromandeliana, Rem. . + ° * 512
violeflora, H. f.. . 457 Roxb. . ... . 696 | Laneretia suffruticosa, T"

viridiflora, Wight . 460 salacioides, Roxb. . 627 Del. . + >
viscida, Wight . . 462 | Julostyles Thu. . . 333 | Lansium, Rumph. . `. 551
viscosa, Bedd. 452, 453 angustifolia, Thw. . 333 anamalayanum, Bedd. 558
MEM, Hook. . . 467 ° DU aqueum, Miq. + + 5
"ightiana, Bedd. . 467 | Kadsura, Kempfer . 45| cinereum, Hiern. -
Icdes, Bl. ors + 595 grandiflora, per . 44 domesticum, Jack. . 558
! Brandisii, Kurz . 596 | japonica, Wall. . . 45| humile, Hassk. .
Hookeriana, Baill.. 596 | propinqua, Wall. . 45 javanicum, Rem.
oblonga, Planch. . 597 | Roxburghiana, Arn. 45| pedicellatum, Hiern n

ovalis Bl. . . . 596 scandens, Bl. . . 45 silvestre, Rom. , - 2:
ovalis, var. Miquelii, Wightiana, Arn. . 45 | DARDIZABALEÆ ; * 1
Baill. . . . . 596 | Kayea, Wall. . . . 276 Lasianthera, P. de 84
Thomsoniana, Baill. 596 | cuspidata, Planch. & Beaw.. «cB 4
tomeniclla, Miq.. . 596 "r... . . . 277 apicalis, Thw. + * iu

Tonidium, Vent. . . 185 floribunda, Wall. . 276 ? lanceolata, Mast. - 585
enneaspermum, DC. 185 nervosa, T. Anders. 277 Maingayi, Mast.. + 584

erectum, DC.. . . 185 racemosa, Planch. & malaccensis, Mast. 584
heterophyllum, DC.. 185 Tr... . . . 916 sccundiflora, Miq. - 586
heraspermum, Dalz, 185| stylosa, Tha. . . 276 ? tetrandra, Wall. . 587

leptorhizum, DC, . 185 | Kingstonia, H. f.& T. 93 prasina, Miq. |...
ramosissimum, Thw, 186 nervosa, H. f. & T. 93 Lasiolepis Bennett 519
suffruticosum, Ging, 185 | Kittelocharis trigyna Planch. . + * ° 519
Wightianum, Wall. 185 Alef. : multijuga, Bent. + pig
Irina glabra, Bl. . . 691 | Kleinhovia, Linn.. . 364| pauciuga, Benn:
Irvingia, H. f. . . . 522| Hospita, Linn. . . 864 | Laureola fragrans, — 499

malayana, Oliv.. . 522 | Kokoona, Thw. . . 616 Rom. . +. °
Isavtpz E. e. + 130 littoralis, Laws . . 617 | Lavallea ceylanica, 579
Isatis, Linn. |. . . 163 zeylanica, Zw. . . 616 Baill. + + * ° 319

costata, C. A. Mey. 163 | Koonzeylanicus, Gertn.105 Lavatera, Linn. - b. 319

tinctoria, Linn.. . 163 | Krascheninnikowia ru- Kashmiriana, Gam 331

spartioides, Edgw. . 164 pestris, Turez, . 231 | Lebretonia flavo

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

procumbens, Wall. . 331
Leea, Linn. . . . . 664
acuminata, Wall. . 666
equata, Wall. . . 666
cquata, DC. . . 667
alata, Edgw. . . 665
angustifoiia, Laws. . 665
aspera, Wall. 665, 667
cinerea, Laws. . 665

compactiflora, Kurz 667
cordata, Wall. . . 668
coriacea, Laws. . 665

crispa, Willd. . . 665
diffusa, Laws. . . 667
gigantea, Griff. . . 666
? herbacea, Wall. . 666
hirta, Roxb. . . 668
integrifolia, Roxb. . 667
leta, Wall. . . . 666
levis, Hb. Heyne . 565
latifolia, Wall. . . 664
macrophylla, Roxb. . 664
2 macrophylla, DC. 665
odontophylla, Wall. 668
ottilis, DC, , . . 666
parallela, Laws. . 666
pinnata, Andrews . 665
pumila, Kurz . . 666
robusta, Roxb. . 667
rubra, Royle. . . 665
sambucina, Willd. . 666
? var. sanguined,

Wall. . . . . 666
scabra, Steud. 668
simplicifolia, Griff. . 664
staphylea, Wall. 666
staphylea, Roxb. 667
trifoliata, Laws. 666

Leontoglossum scabrum,

Hane . . . + 31
LEPIDINEÆ . + + 120
Lepidium, Linn. . . 159

capitatum, J. f. & T. 160
chalepense, Schrenk. 160
Draba, Linn. . 160
incisum, Edgw. . . 160
latifolium, Linn. 160
repens, Boiss. . . 160
ruderale, Linn. . 160
sativum, Linn. . . 159
Lepidostemon, H. f.
T. 147

eT. . . +` `
pedunculosus, JT. f. £

o G s. wa s did
Lepionurus, BZ .. 583
oblongifolius, Mast. 583
lepisanthes, Bl. . - aye

Browniana, Hiern .

Page
cuneata, Hiern . . 680
montana, Bl.. . 679

Lepta triphylla, Lowr. 488
Leptocarpea Leselii,
pa. . . . . 151
Leptonium _ oblongifo-
lium, Griff. . . 583
Leptonychia, Z'urez. . 978
acuminata, Mast. . 379
glabra, T'urcz. . 379
moacurroides, Bedd. 379
Lepyrodiclis holosteoides,
Fenzl. . . . . 241
tenera, Boiss. . 242
Leucostemma latifolia,
Benth. . . . . 231

Webbiana, Wall. . 230
Leucoderis javanica,
Planch. . + 605
Libanotus asiaticus,
Stackh.. . . . 528
Libanus thurifera
Colebr.. . . . 528
Limacia, Lour, . . 100

Amherstiana, Miers. 100
cuspidata, H. f. & T. 100
distincta, Miers . . 100
inornata, Miers. . 100

oblonga, Miers . . 100
triandra, Miers . . 100
velutina, Miers . . 100

Wallichiana, Miers 100
Limonia, Linn, . . 507
acidissima, Linn. . 507
alata, W. £ A.. . 508
alternans, Wall. . 508
alternifolia, Kurz . 508
? angustifolia, Wall. 500
arborea, Roxb. . . 500
bilocularis, Roxb. . 508
? caudata, Wall, . 513
citrifolia, Roxb.. . 510
crenulata, Roxb. . 507
diacantha, DC. . . 507
? flavicans, Wall. . 508
grandiflora, Wall. . 510
Laureola, DC. . . 499
leptostachya, Jack. . 492
missionis, Wall.
510, 512,
qnissionis, Wight .
mollis, Wall.. . +
monophylla, Linn. .
oblonga, Wali. 508, 510
oligandra, Dalz. — . 491
pentagyna, Roxb. . 508
pentag yna, Roxb. . 531
pentaphylla, Retz. . 500

513
513
504
512

723

Page

? pubescens, Wall. . 507

pusilla, Gærtn. . . 191
retusa, Don . 508
scandens, Roxb. . 509
trifoliata, Liun. — . 507
Lig . . .. . 409
Linum, Linn. . 410
Cicanobum, Don . 412

corymbulosum, Rehb, 411

humile, Mill. . 411
humile, Heyne . 411
mysorense, Heyne . 411
perenne, Jinn. . . 411
repens, Don . . 412
Stocksianum, Boiss. 411
strictum, Zinn. . . 411
tetragynum, Colebr. 412
trigynum, Roxb. . 412
trinervium, Roth. . 410

trinervium, Hobenack. 411
usitatissimum, Linn. 410
Liriodendron lilüfera,
Roxb. . - + +

grandiflorum, Roxb, 41
Leflingia indica, Retz 245
Lonchomera, H. f. & T. 93
leptopoda, A. f. & T. 94
Lophopetalum, Wight 614
celastroides, Laws. . 615
dubium, Laws. . . 616
filiforme, Laws. . 616
fimbriatum, Wight . 615
floribundum, Wight 616
grandiflorum, Arn. . 608
javanum, Turez. . 615
lucidum, Wight. . 608
ovatum, Presl. . . 615
pallidum, Laws, . 615
reflexum, Laws. . 616
Wallichii, Kurz . . 615
Wightianum, Arn. . 615
Lophophyllum, Griff. . 105
bicristatum, Griff. . 105
Lophostylis javanica,
Mq. . +` + °
Loxostemon, H. f. & T.
pulchellus, ZZ. f. & T. 139

? Ludia fetida, Roxb. 192
Luvunga, Ham. . 508
eleutherandra, Dalz. 509
eleutherandra, Thw. 509
scandens, Ham.. . 509
scandens, Thw. . . 509
Tavoyana, Lindl. . 509
Lychnis, Linn. . . . 222
apetala, Linn. . 222:
apetala, var. gracilis,
a . 223

208
139

342

724

Page
brachypetala, Hort.
Berol. . . . 228

Cachemeriana, Royle 224

cancellata, Jacq. . 226
ciliata, Wall. . 225
coronaria, Lamk. . 222
cuneifolia, Royle . 226
eriostemon, Wall. . 225
Falconeri, Rohrb. . 223
fimbriata, Wall. . . 225

himalayensis, Edgw. 223
iudica, Benth. . 225
inflata, Wall. . 225
macrorhiza, Royle . 223
madens, Jacq. . 223
multicaulis, Wall. . 224

nigrescens, Edgw. . 223
nutans, Benth. . 225
pilosa, Edgw. . 226
pumila, Royle . 226
Stewartii, Edgux , . 224
tristis, H. f. & T. . 223
LYCHNIDEÆ® . . . . 218

Macharisia icosandra,
Planch.. . . . 416

Mackaya populifolia,
Ar. . . . . 578

Macrolinum trigynum,
Reichb. . . 412
Merua, Forsk. . . 171
arenaria, H. f. & T. 171

ovalifolia, Camb. . 171
scabra, Camb. . 171
Magnolia, Zinn. . 41

Campbellii, H. f & T.
excelsa, Wall.

globosa, H.f.& T. . 41
Griffithii, H. f. & T. 41
insignis, Wall. . 42
sphenocarpa, Roxb.. 41
MaaNoLIACEAR . 88

MAGNOLIE® . . . . 39
Mahonia nepalensis, DC.109
Malachium aquaticum,

Fries . . 229
Malachra, Linn. . . 829
capitata, Linn. . . 329
Malcolmia, Br.. . . 146
africana, Br.. . . 146
strigosa, Boiss. . 146
torulosa, Boiss. . 146

stricta, Camb. . . 149
Mallea integerrima,
Wal . . . . 545
Rothii; Juss. . . . 545
subscandens, Teysm.
& Binn . . . 545

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page

MALPIGHIACEE£ . . . 417

Malva, Linn. . . 920

alchemilla folia, Wall. 320

borealis, Wallm. . 320
ciliata, Wall. . 920
malwensis, Edgw. . 319
mauritiana, DC. . 320
neilgherrensis, Night 320
parviflora, Linn, . 321
parviflora, Huds. . 320

rotundifolia, Linn. . 320
rotundifolia, Roxb. 320
silvestris, Linn.. . 320
spicata, Linn. . . 321
tricuspidata, Ait. . 321
verticillata, Linn. . 320

vulgaris, Fries . . 320
MALVAOEE . . . . 317
MALVER. . + . 818
Malvaviscus populneus

Gaertn. . . . .

Malvastrum, A. Gray 321
spicatum, A. Gray . 321
tricuspidatum, A.

Gray . . . . 821
Mammea longifolia,
Planch, & Tr.. . 270
siamensis, T. Anders. 271
Mangifera glauca.
Rotlh, . . . . 623
Manglietia, BL.. . . 42
Candollei, Wall. . 41
Caveana, H. f. £ T. 42
insignis, Bl. . . . 42
Manungala pendula,
Blan. . . . . 519
Mappia, Jacq. . . 588
Championiana,

Miers . . . . 589
fetida, Miers . . 589
fetida, Bedd. . . 589
fetida, var., Thw. . 589
Gardneriana, Miers 589
oblonga, Miers . . 589
ovata, Miers . . 589
tomentosa, Miers . 589
Wightiana, Miers . 589

Matthiola, Br. . . . 130
odoratissima, Br. . 131

Meconopsis, Vig. . . 118
aculeata, Royle . . 118
Gul. - Waldemarit,

Klotzsch. . . . 118
horridula, Z. f. & T. 118
nipalensis, DC. . . 118

robusta, H. f. & T. . 118
simplicifolia, H. f. & EUN

Ae ou cv. x Y

SYNONYMS.

Page
Wallichii, Hook. . 119
Medusa | anguifera,

Lour . + > °
Meesia serrata, Gertn. 525
Megabotrya meliæfolia,

Hance . . . 490
Megacarpsa, DC.. . 161

bifida, Benth. . 161
polyandra, Benth. . 161
Melandryum apetalum,
Rohr. . . . . 222
brachypetalum, Fenzl 224
Falconeri, Rohrb. . 222
Grifithii, Rohrb. - 220
inflatum, Rohrb. . 225
intrusum, Rohrb. . 226
macrorhizum, Rohrb. 223
multicaule, Rohrb. . 225
mutans, Rohrb., 225, 226 |
Melhania, Forsk. . - s

abyssinica, A.
bracteosa, Boiss. .
cannabina, Wight
Denhami, Br. .
futtyporensis,
Hamiltoniana, Wall. 372
Hamiltoniana, Munro 373
incana, Heyne + + 12
ovata, Boiss. . + ° 872
tomentosa, Stocks . 373
Melia, Linn. + + * n
æthiopica, Welw. - pa
argentea, Ham. 5 ;
australasica, JUSS. - 54
Azadirachta, Linn. .
Azedarach, Linn.
baccifera, Roth. +
Bombolo, Welw.. +
Bukayun, Royle .
composita, W1
dubia, Cav. + -
excelsa, Jack.
indica, x .
Koetjape, Burm. — +
monia, Hb. Madr.

M unro 373

umila, Moon. + + |
robusta, Roxb. d
sempervirens, BW. *
superba, Roxb. d
tomentosa, for). *
? tomentosa, Kurz — *
Meliacea penangia t ey
Wall. . s e °: 569
rugosa, Wall. + <

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

. Page
singapureana, Wall. 555

Wightiana, Wall. .

MELIACE® . + + +
. 697

Melianthus, Tourn.
himalayanus, Wall.
major, Linn. . .
Melicocca pubescens,

559
540

698
698

DO. . . . . 681

trijuga, Juss. . .
Melicope, Forst. . .
t Helferi, H. f. . +
indica, Wight . .
tetrandra, Roxb. .

MELIEZ. . + + €

Melochia, Linn. . .
amas, Wal. . . .
concatenata, Wall. .
corchorifolia, L?nn. .
corchorifolia, Wall. .
pauciflora, Wall. .
pyramidata, Linn. .
supina, Linn. . .
truncata, Willd. .
truncata, Wall. . .
velutina, Bedd. . .
Melodorum, Dun. . .
bicolor, H. f. & T. .
cylindricum, Maing.
elegans, Z. f. & T..
fulgens, H. f. & T..
Griffithii, H. f. & T.
Kentii, H. f. & T. .
lanuginosum, H. f.
e&T. . + °

latifolium, Dun. .
Maingayi, H. f. & T.
manubriatum, Z. f.
ET. + + °
mollissimum, Miq. .
pisocarpum,

polyanthum, H. f.
prismaticum, H. f.
d T... +. + + °
rubiginosum, 4. Í.
&T....-
rufinerve, H. f. & T.
verricosar, H. f. &
Wallichii, H. f. & T.
Melothris zeylanic
Kon.

MENISPERMACEE . +
Menispermum | acuma-

natum, Lamk. . .

cocculus, Linn. . -
cordifolium, Willd. .

681

491
492
492
491
540
373
374
374
374
374
374
374
374
374
322
374

78

crispum, Linn. .
fenestratum, Gertn.
heteroclitum, Roxb.
hirsutum, Linn, .
laurifolium, Roxb. .
malabaricum, Lamk.
myosotoides, Linn. .
orbiculatum, Linn. .
peltatum, Lamk.
polycarpum, Roxb. .
radiatum, Lamk.

tomentosum, Roxb. .
triandrum, Roxb. .
tuberculatum, Lamk.
verrucosum, Roxb. .
villosum, Lamk. .

villosum, Roxb. .

Mesua, Linn.

coromandeliana,
Wight .

ferrea, Zinn.. . .
? lepidota, T. And..
Nagana, Gardn.

nervosa, Pl. & Tr. .
pedunculata, Wight
pulchella, Pi. & Tr.
Roxburghii, Wight .
salicina, Pl. & Tr. .
sclerophylla, Thw. .
singaporiana, Wall.
speciosa, Chois. . .
speciosa, var., Thw.
Thwaitsii, Pl. & Tr.

Walkeriana, Pl. & Tr.
Michelia, Linn.. . .

aurantiaca, Wall. .
Catheartii, H. f. & T.
Champaca, Linn.
Doldsopa, Ham. .
excelsa, Bl. . .
glauca, Wight .
Kisopa, Ham. . -
lactea, Wall. . . +
lanuginosa, Wall. .
macrophylla, Don
nilagirica, Zenk. .
oblonga, Wall. .
ovalifolia, Wight
Pulneyensis, Wight .
punduana, H. f. & T.
Rheedii, Wight .
rufinervis, DC. -

. 104

99
98 |

. 101 |

101

96
101
104

725

Page | Page
. 96 | Microcos mala, Ham. 393

paniculata, Linn. . 393
Stauntoniana, G. Don 393

tomentosa, Sm. . . 993
Microlena spectabilis,
Wal. . . . . STI
Micromelum, Bl. . 501
hirsutum, Oliv. . . 502
pubescens, Bl. . 501
Mierotropis, Wall.. . 613
bivalvis, Wall. . . 614
coriacea, Wall. . . 625
densiflora, Wight . 614
discolor, Wall. . . 614
latifolia, Wight . . 613
? longifolia, Wall. 613, 625
microcarpa, Wight . 614
ovalifolia, Wight . 614
ramiflora, Wight . 613
Wallichiana, Wight . 613
Miliusa, Leschen. . . 86
indica, Leschen.. . 86
macrocarpa, H.f.&T. 86
montana, Gardn. 86
nilagirica, Bedd. . 87
Roxburghiana, H. f.
&T. .. .. 8i
velutina, H. f. & T. 87
Wallichiana, H. f.
&T . . . . 87
Wightiana, H. f.&T. 87
zeylanica, Gard.. . 7
Miuvs&&R . + + + 47
Milnea apiocarpa, Thw. 555
edulis, Roxb. . 656
Roxburghiana, W.
&A. . . . . 555
Roxburghii, Wight . 555
Miquelia, Meissn. . . 593
assamica, Bl. . . 593
dentata, Bedd. . . 593
1 gibba, Baill. . 594
Kleinii, Meissm.. . 593
Mischocarpus suma-
tranus, Bl. . 679
sundaicus, Dl. 678
Mitrephora, Bl. . - 76
1 excelsa, H. f. & T. 77
grandiflora, Bedd. . 78
Heyneana, TÀw. . 71
Maingayi, H.f.& T. "T
obtusa, Bl. . + + 7
reticulata, H. f. € T. 77
tomentosa, H. f. 4 T. 76
MITREPHOREES . + * 46
Moacurra geloni
Roxb. . . . . 570
Modeccopsia vaga, Griff. 578.

726

Page
Molina racemosa,
Lamk. . . . . 418
Molinea canescens,
xb. . . . 671
Mollia corymbosa,
Wild. . . . 245
spadicea, Willd.. . 245

Monetia tetracantha,
Don. . . . &
Monocera * elliptica,
Turez.
ferrugineus, Wight 406
ferruginea, Jack. 409
glandulifera, Hook. 407
Grifithii, €. Müll. . 407
Grifitii, Wight. . 408
+ holopetala, Turez. . 408
F macrocera, Turcz.. 405
Munroii, Wight . . 407
petiolata, Jack. . . 408
Roxburghii, Wight. 405
subintegerrima, Miq. 405
trichanthera, Grif.. 408
tuberculata, W. & A. 405
Walkerii, Wight. . 406
Monoceras leucobotrywm,
Mig. . . . . 407
petiolatum, Miq.

425

408

Monocyclis robusta,
Wall. i . 565
Monoporandra, Thw. . 316
cordifolia, Thw. . . 817
elegans, To. 317

Monosoma littorata,
Griff. . 567

Monsonia, Linn . . 427
chumbalensis, Wight 427
heliotropioides, Cav, 428
Lawiana, Stocks. . 427
mallica, Edgw. . . 428
senegalensis, Guill.

€ Perr. , 427, 435

Moricandia, DC. . 158
arvensis, DC. . 158
tortuosa, H. f. & T. 158

Moulinsia cupanioides,

Camb. , . . 672
rubiginosa, Q, Don , 672
Munnicksia, Dennstd. 196

Murraya, Linn.

. 502
brevifolia, Thw.. . 508
Burmanni, Spr.. . 504
eiongata, A. DC... 503
exotica, Linn, . . 502

Page

erotica, Thw. . . 508

exotica, Reinw. . . 554
Glenieii, Thw. . 503
Keenigii, Spr. . . 503
paniculata, Jack. . 503
sumatrana, Roxb. . 503
Munronia, Wight . . 542

neilgherrica, Wight 543
pumila, Wight . . 543
Wallichii, Wight . 543
Myricaria, Desv. . . 249
bracteata, Royle. . 250
elegans, Royle . 250
germanica, Desv, . 250
Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch 250
prostrata, Benth. &
Hf . . . . 250
vaginata, Desv. . . 249
Myristica Finlay-
soniana, Wall. 82
Myxospermum — chylo-
carpwm, Rom. 500

Naravelia, DO.. . . 6
Finlaysoniana, Wall.
laurifolia, Wall.. . 7
zeylanica, DC. . . 7

Naregamia, W. & A..
alata, W. £A. . .
dentata, Mig. . . 542

Nasturtium, Br. . .
heterophyllum, Don .
indicum, DC. . .
madagascariense, W.

G&A... . .
montanum, Wall. .
officinale, Br. . .
palustre, DC. . .
terrestre, Br. . .

Natsiatum, Ham. .
gamosepalwm, Griff.
herpeticum, Ham. .
oppositifolium, Pl. .

Neerija dichotoma,

Roxb. . . . 623

Neesia, Bl. . . .

352

synandra, Mast.. . 352
NELUMBIER . . . 118
Nelumbium, Juss. . . 115
asiaticum, Rich.. . 116

speciosum, Willd. .

Nelumbo indica, Poir. 116
Nemedra Nimmonii,
Dalz. . . 561

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Nephelium, Zinn. .
bengalense, G. Don..
bifoliolatum, Thw. .
costatum, Hiern .
dimocarpus, Hb.

Ind. Or. . ..
duriocarpus, T. And.
echinatum, Noronh.
erectum, Thw. —
eriopetalum, Mig.
eximium, Thw. .
fuscatum, Thw. .
Gardneri, Thw. .
glabrum, Noronh. .
Grifithiana, Kurz .
hypoleucum, Kurz .
lappaceum, Linn. .
Lit-chi, Camb. . .
Longana, Camb.. .
? Maingayi, Hiern .
malaiense, Grif. °
mora, Gardn. . «
mutabile, Bi.
Noronhianum, Camb.

Page

. 686

689 .
684

. 688

688
688
687

. 683
. 689
. 691
. 682
. 690

687
687
689
687
687
688
688
689
689

. 686

686

pupillum, Wight . e
rimosum, G. Don. on

rubescens, Hiern +
rubrum, G. Don.
simplicifolium, Thw.
stipulaceum, Bedd. .
variabile, Wall. .
verticillatum, G. Don
zerocarpum, Camb.

. 684

683
690

. 691

684
686

Nephroica mollis, mio 1 K

Neslia, Desv. .
paniculata, Desv. +

tNeuroloma nudicaule, y

pO... +
scapigerum, DO. .
Niebuhria, DC. . -
arenaria, DC.
linearis, DC... + °
oblongifolia, Royle +
Nima quassioides,
Ham. mss.. + °
Nimmonia Lawn,
Wight .- +
Niota Lamarckiana,

Bl . + `
lucida, n ir y
tapetala, Poir. -
tetrapetala, Lamk. :
Norisca mysorenstus,
Wight. + + °

* À synonym of Eleocarpus varunua, Ham., omitted in text.
+ Incorrectly quoted as of Zollinger in text.
+ Not Neurotoma, as quoted at p. 131.

164

519
253

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page
Notoceras, Br. . . . 140
canariense, Dr. . 140
hispanicum, DC. . 140
Nothocnestis sumatrana,
Miq.. . . . . 622
Nymphea, Linn. . . 114
alba, Zinn . . . 114
Cachemiriana, Camb. 114
cyanea, Roxb. . 114

Devoniensis, Hook.. 114
Edgeworthii, Lehm. 114
edulis, DC. . . 114
Hookeriana, Lehm. 114
lotus, Zinn. . . . 114
Nelumbo, Linn. . . 116
punctata, Edgw. . 114
pubescens, Willd. . 114
pygmea, Ast. . . 115
rubra, Roxb. . . 114
sagittata, Edgw. . 114
stellata, Willd. . . 114

stellata, Willd. (W.
& A) . . + +
versicolor, Roxb. .
NYMPHÆACEÆ . . -«
NywpHEE . . . +

114
114
113
113

Ochanostachys, Mast. . 576

amentacea, Mast. . 577
Ochna, Linn. . . . 528
andamanica, Kurz. 524
brevipes, Planch. . 525
collina, Edgw. . . 524
cordata, Thw. . . 524
crocea, Griff. . . 525
fruticulosa, Kurz . 524
Heyneana, W. & A. 524
humilis, Wal. . . 524
lucida, Lamk. . . 523
Moonü, Thw. . . 524
nana, Ham. . . . 524
nitida, Thunb. . . 523
nitida, Wall.. . . 524
obiusata, DO. . . 523
parviflora, Griff.. . 524
parvifolia, Vahl? . 524
pumila, Ham. . . 524
rufescens,? Thunb. 523
squarrosa, Linn. . 923
squarrosa, Kurz . 524
stipulacea, ! Colebr. 524
Walkerii,Planeh. . 524
Wallachii, Planch. . 524
Wightiana, Wall. . 524

zeylanica, Lamk. . 525
ÜcuwacwR . . . . 523

"D

CHNEE . . . + « 523
Ochradenus, Del. . . 182

, Page

baccatus, Del. . 182
Ochrocarpus, Thouars. 270
longifolius, Benth. . 270
siamensis, T, And.. 270

OLACEE . . + . . 573
OLACINE. . + à 572
Olax, Linn. . . 574

acuminata, Wall. . 576

Bador,Ham. . .
Heyneana, Wall. 576, 586

imbricata, Roxb.. . 575
longifolia, Wall. 576, 586
lucida, Heyne . 575
merguensis, Planch. 576
nana, Wall. . . 576
psittacorwm, Vahl . 575
scandens, Rorb.. . 575
? sumatrana, Miq. . 582
Wightiana, Wall, . 575
zeylanica, Linn.. . 576
zeylanica, Wall.. . 575
Oleoxylon balsami-
ferum, Wall. . . 298
Oligomeris, Camb.. . 181
glaucescens, Camb. . 181
Opilia, Roxb. . 583
acuminata, Wall. . 583
amentacea, Roxb, . 583
amentacea, Wall. . 582
javanica, Miq. . . 584
odorata, Spr. . . 554
OPILEE . . . + + 573
Oraoma canarana,
Turez . . . . 960
Ornitrophe allophyllus,

Pers . . . + 673
aporetica, Roxb. 674
asiatica, Hort. . 674
Cobbe, Willd. . . 673
glabra, Roxb. . 674
malabarica, Hb.

Madr. . . . . 674
Schmiedelia, Pers. . 674
serrata, Roxb. . . 674
villosa, Roxb. 674

Orophea, Bl. . . + 90
acuminata, 4. DC. . 91
Brandisii, H. f. & T. 91
coriacea, Thw. . 93
enterocarpa, Maing.

mss.. + + + 92
erythrocarpa, Bedd. 91
Heyneana, H. f. & T. 11
t obliqua, H. DN T. bi

lycarpa, A. DC. .
Phomeoni Bedd. . 91
uniflora, H. f. & T. 90
zeylanica, H. .éT. 90

SYNONYMS. 727
Page
Otonychium imbria-
692

cum, Bl. . .
Otophora, Bl. . . . 650
erythrocalyx, Hiern
fruticosa, Bl.
paucijuga, Hiern
Ottilis zeylanica, Gaertn. 667
Oudemansia integer-

rima, Miq. 365
OXALIDEÆ . . 426
Oxalis, Zinn. . . 435

Acetosella, Linn. 436
corniculata, Linn. . 436
gracilenta, Kurz. 438

Griffithii, Edwg. &
H. f. 2.4

fe 36
Metziana, Miq. . . 438
Petersii, Klotzsch . 437
pusilla, Salisb. . . 496
Reinwardtii, Luce.

437, 438
repens, Thunb. 436
sensitiva, Luce. . . 497
sensitiva, Linn. . . 438

sensitivum, Hb.Wight 439

sessilis, Ham. . 437

Oxycarpus gangetica,
am. . . + + 262
Oxygraphis, Bunge 21
21

glacialis, Bunge .

polypetala, H. f. & T. 21
Oxymitra, Bl. . . . 70
affinis, H. f. € T. . 70
filipes, H. f. € T. . il

fornicata, H. f. € T. 71

glauca, H. f. t T. . 71
latifolia, H. f. & T. 70
Maclellandii, H. f.
eT. . . +. 7
macrophylla, A. DC. 73
stenopetala, H. f
&T. ....+ Zl
unonefolia, J. f.& T. 71
Pachygone, Miers . - 105
adversa, Miers 105
concinna, Miers. . 105
odorifera, Miers. . 105
ovata, Miers . . 105
Plukenetii, Miers . 105
PacHyGoNER . + + 95
Peonia, Linn. . + + 30
emodi, Wall.. . . 30
officinalis, H. f. & T. 30
PEoNIEB + + + + 2
PawGIEE. 0. + + 189
Papaver, Linn.. + - 116
amenum, Lindl, . 117

728

Page
Argemone, Linn. . 117
dubium, Zinn. . . 117
glabrum, Royle. . 117
hybridum, Zinn. . 117
nudicaule, Linn. . 117
orientale Linn.. . 117
paniculatum, Don . 119
Rhoas, Zinn. . .
simplicifolium, Don. 118
somniferum, Zinn. . 117

PAPAVERACEE . . . 116
Papeda Rumphii, Cat.
Hort. Bog. . 515

Parabeena, Miers . . 95
ferruginea, Miers . 96
heterophylla, Miers. 96
oleracea, Miers. . 96
sagittata, Miers. . 96

Paracelastrus bivalvis,

Miq. . . 614

Paramigyna. Wight . 509
armata, Oliv. . . 511
citrifolia, H. f. . . 510
citrifolia, Oliv. . 510

grandiflora, Oliv. . 510
Griffithii, H. f..
longispina, H. f. .
monophylla, Wight. 510
Parartabotrys suma-
trana, Miq. . . 83
Parashorea stellata,
Kurz. . . . . 804
longisperma, Kurz.. 308
Paritium gangeticum,
Don. . . . . 845
tiliaceum, W. & A.. 343
tricuspe, G. Don
Paronychia subulata,
Lamk.. . . ,
Parrya, Br. . . . 181
exscapa, Mey. . . 131
lanuginosa, H. f. & T. 132
macrocarpa, Br.. . 131
platycarpa, H. f.& T. 131
Parvatia, Dene.. . . 108
pBrunoniana, Dene. .
atonia parvifolia
Wii 2 gg
Walkeri, Wight. . 84
Paullinia asiatica, L. 497
Pavia, see Bsculus . 675
Pavonia, Cav. . . . 330
acerifolia, Lk. & Otto 338
arabica, Hochst.. . 331
ceratocarpa, Dalz. . 331
glechomifolia, A. Rich.330
grewioides, Hochst. . 332
odorata, Wild. , . 33i

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page
procumbens, Boiss. . 330
propinqua, Garcke . 332

repanda, Spr.* . . 330
Romb rua, Wal. . 331
rosea, Wall. . . 331
sidoides, Horn. . . 331
zeylanica, Cav. . . 331
Peganum, Linn. . 486
Harmala, Linn.. . 486

Pelargonium grossula-
rioides . . 435
Pentace, Hassk. . 981
burmannica, Kurz.. 381

triptera, Mast. . 982
Pentacme siamensis,

A.DC.. . . . 304

suavis, A. DC. . . 304

Pentaglottis suberifolia,
Wal. . . . . 369

Pentaloba ? bengalensis,
Wall. e.

macrophylla, Wall. 187
zeylanica, Arn. . . 187
Pentapetes, Linn. . . 371
acerifolia, Cav.. . 368
pheenicea, Linn.. . 371
suberifolia, Linn. . 367

tomentosa, Wall. (for
Pentaglottis tomen-
toga). . . . .
Peraphora robusta,
Miers . . . . 105
Pereira medica, Lindl. 99
Periandra cespitosa,
Camb. . . . . 243
Pericampylus, Miers .
incanus, Miers .
Peripterygium quinque-
lobum, Hassk.
Pheanthus, Z7. f. & T. 72
malabaricus, Bedd.. 70
nutans, H. f. € T. . 70
Pharnaceum depressum,
Linn. . . . .
Philagonia fraxinifolia,
Hook. . . . . 490
procera, DC.. . . 490
? sambucina, Bl. . . 490
Phlebocalymna, Griff. . 589
Griffithiana, Mast. . 590
Lobbiana, Mast.. . 590
Phoberos acuminatus,
Thw. . . . . 191
Arnottianus, Thw. . 191
crenatus, W. & A. . 191
Hookerianus, Thw.. 191
lanceolatus, W.& A. 191
macrophyllus,W.&A. 190

SYNONYMS.

Rhinanthera, Benn. 190
Roxburghii, Benn. . 190
Wightianus, W.& A. 191
Physorhyneus, Hook. . 165
brahvicus, Hook. . 165
chamarapistrum,
Boiss. i . . . 165
Phytocrene, Wall. . . 591
bracteata, Wall.. . 592
callicarpa; Griff. . 591
gigantea, Wall. . . 591
macrocarpa, Griff. . 592
oblonga, Wall. . - 592
palmata, Wall. . . 592
stylocarpa, Griff. . a
PuyTOCRENEZ. + ° FE
PICRAMMIEE . + + 51
Picrasma, Bl. . 4
andamanica, Kurz . 520
javanica, Bl.. . °
hepalensis, Lm . 520
uassioides, Benn. .
Pisrotia lucida, Bi. . 416
Pilotrichum canescens,
C. A. Mey.
elongatum, C.A.Mey. 141
Piptosylis indica, Dalz. rte
Prerosponaa š
Pittosporum, bans
Ceylanicum, Wight . 199
dasycaulon, Mig. ^
densiflorum, Putterl. 1
eriocarpum, Royle
ferrugineum, Atl. -
ferrugineum, Putterl. 200
floribundum. $ ie
labratum, Zanat. -
humile, H. f. & T.. e
nilghirense, W. & A.
Rumphii, Putterl. .
tetraporum . . 198

m

ityranthe, Thu. + +
Pity eos, Thw.. + UA
Plagiopteron, Grif. at

fragrans, Grif. + s
Plagiotazis Chickrassit ag

Wall. . + ` ° e

grandiflora, Wall. . 5

velutina, Wall. NT
Platea axillaris, Th E

Grifiithiana, Miers ere

Lobbiana, Miry š

Wightiana, Mie ki
Platynema laurifolium |g
id , 617

.

.& A. +
Pleurostylia, Wight
Heyne, W. & A.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

aue Page

Wightii, W. & A. . 617
Ploiarium elegans,

Korth. . . 294

Peciloneuron, Bedd. . 278
indicum, Bedd. . . 278
pauciflorum, Bedd. . 278
Podopktyllum, Linn. . 112
emodi. Wall. . 112
hexandrum, Royle . 112
Polanisia burtporensis,

Munro. . . . 169

chelidonii, DO. . . 170
dodecandra, DC. . 170
felina, DC. . 170

heterophylla, Wall. . 170
icosandra, W. & A. . 170
Leschenaultii, DC. . 170
Schraderi, DC. . . 170
simplicifolia, Camb. 169
viscosa, DO. . . `. 170
Polyalthia, Bl. . . . 62
? aberrans, Maing.. 67
acuminata, Thw. . 63
argentea, H. f. £ T. 67
bifaria, Benth & H.f. 62
biglandulosa, Benth.
&H.f. . . . 65
cardiopetala, Dalz.. 75
cauliflora, Z.f.& T. 66
cerasoides, Benth. &

cinnamomea, H. f.
£T ...-—
coffeoides, Benth. d
Hf. ...-
costata, H. f. & T. . 67
fragrans Benth. &
H.f. . + + + 68
fruticans, A. DC. . 51
hypoleuca, H. f. & T. 63
Jenkinsii, Benth. &

H.f..... 64
Korinti, Benth. &
H.f. + + + + 64
longifolia, Benth. d
62

H. fe + + + +
macrophylla, H. f.
€T. . + + °
macrophylla, Bl. . 74
magnolieflora, Main. 64
Moonii, Thw. . . 66
nitida, Benth. & H.f. 64
obliqua, H. f. & T. 67
persicefolia, Benth.
#4. fi . + , 66
rufescens, /T. f. & T. 66
selerophylla, H. f. & °
* . . 6

Benth. &

simiarum,

H.f.. + + `
suberosa, Benth. &

spicata, W.d A. .
staticeformis, Hochst.
& Sieud. . .

POLYCARPE® . . « 213
Polycarpon, Linn. . . 244
Benthamii, Wall. . 245
depressa, DC. 245
lanuginosa, Wall. . 245
Leeflingie, Benth. &
H.f. + + . 245
Polygaia, Linn. 200
abyssinica, Fresen. . 202
arillata, Ham. . 200
Arnottiana, Steud. 204
Arnottiana, Hassk. 207
arvensis, Willd. . 204
brachystachya, DC. . 204
brachystachya, Bl. . 204
Buchanani, Ham. . 203
buxiformis, Hassk. . 205
campestris, Dalz. 203
canarana, Hassk. . 207
ceylanica, Heyne 201
chinensis. Linn. . . 204
ciliata, Hb. Wight . 204
ciliata, Linn. 207
confusa, Hassk.. . 203
crotalarioides, Ham. 201
densiflora, Bl. . . 206
depauperata, Wall.. 206
discolor, Ham. . 202
elegans, Wall. . . 205
elongata, Klein . . 203
erioptera, DC. . . 203
eumekes, Hassk. . 204
exigua, Hassk. . . 204
furcata, Royle. . 201
Gerardiana, Wall. . 202
glabra, Heyne . 204
glaucescens, Wall. . 201
glaucoides, Linn. . 203
glaucoides, Wight . 204
glomerata, Lour. . 206
glomerata, aet . 205
ndiflora, Hb.
I Wight Qv. + 204
granulata, Hassk. . 203
Heyneana, Wall. . 205

Polycarpea, Lamk. . 245
corymbosa, Lamk. . 245 |
densiflora, Wall. . 245
diffusa, W. & A. . 245
indica, Lamk. . . 245
spadicea, Lamk. 245

| Polyspora axillaris,

729

Page

hirsutula, Arn. . . 203
Hohenackeriana,

Fisch. & Mey. . 202

hypoglauca, Hassk. 203
hyalina, Wall. . 201

japonica, Houtt. . 205
javana, DC. . . 201
Khasiana, Hassk. . 205
Kleinii, Hassk.. . 201
leptalea, DC. . . 202
linarifolia, Willd. . 206
linarifolia, Heyne . 204

macrolophos, Hassk. 205
macropetala, Hassk. 206
macrostachya, Hassk. 204
monopetala, Camb. . 205

multibracteata,

Wall. . 204
myrsinites, Royle . 205
obtusata, DC. . . 203
oligophylla, DC. . 202

pedunculosa, Thw. . 205
persicarisefolia, DC. 202
procumbens, Roxb. . 206
procumbens, Roxb. . 204
prostrata, Willd. . 204
ramosa, Hb. Wight. 204
rosmarinifolia, W. & 204

A... + + + 204
Rothiana, W. & A. . 204
scabra, Edgw. . 202
serpyllifolia, Poir. . 205
sibirica, Linn. . . 205
telephioides, Willd. 205

tinctoria, Vahl . 201
tomentosa, Vahl . 208
Tranquebarica,

Wight . . 204
Tranquebarica,

Mart. . . . 204
triflora, Oliv. . 203
triflora, Hassk. . . 204
triflora, Linn. . 201
triphylla, Ham. — . 201
umbrosa, Mart. . . 206
Vahliuna, DC. . . 203
varians, Mart. . 206
vulgaris, Thunb. . 205

Wallichiana, Wight 203
Wightiana, Wall. . 203

Chois. . 282

Pomaderris capsularis,

G. Don . . . 642
Pometia, J. R. & G.
Forst. . 691

eximia, H. f. (Bedd.) 691
tomentosa, Kurz . 691

730

Page
ternata, G. Forst.

674, 691
Popowia, Endl. . . . 68

` Beddomeana, H. f.
£T. . . . . 68
fetida, Maing. . . 69
Helferi, H. f.& T. . 69
nervifolia, Maing. . 69
pauciflora, Maing. . 69

ramosissima, H. f. '
éT. . 68

ramosissima, Bedd. 68
tomentosa, Maing. . 70
Portulaca, Linn. . . 246
cristata, Ham. . 247
foliosa, Ker. 247
geniculata, Royle . 247
levis, Ham. . 246
meridiana, Linn. 247

napiformis, F. Muell. 247

oleracea, Linn. . . 246
pilosa, Hb. Madr. . 247
quadrifida, Zinn. 247
suffruticosa, Wight. 247
suffruticosa, Thw. . 246
tuberosa, Roxb.. . 247
Wightiana, Wall. . 247
PorTULACER . 246
Prinos cymosa, Hassk, 605
spicata, Miq. . 598

Protium, W. & A.. . 530
caudatum, W. & A. 530
gileadense, W. & A. 530
pubescens, W. € A. 530
Roxburghiana, W.&A.530

Pseudehretia umbel-

lata, Turcz.

Pseuduvaria reticulata,

Miq . . 77

Pteleocarpa, ol iv. .

591
malaccensis, Oliv. . 591
Pteridophyllum deci-
piens, Thw. . , 539
Pterisanthes, Bl. . . 663
cissoides, B]. , 664
heterantha, Griff. 664
pedata, Laws. 664
polita, Mig. . 663
Pterocymbium javani-
cum, Br. . . , 862
Pterospermum, Schreb. 366
acerifolium, Willd. . 368

acerifolium, Zoll. &
Moric. . . , , 367
aceroides, Wall. , 868
canescens, Roxb.. .
diversifolium, Bl. , 367
glabrescens, W, £ A. 369

Page
Heyneanum, Wall. . 369
Jackianum, Wall. . 367
lancezfolium, Roxb. 368
Lawianum, Nimmo. 369
oblongum, Wall.. . 367
obtusifolium, Wight 369
reticulatum, W. & A. 369
rubiginosum, Heyne 368
semisagittatum, Ham. 368
suberifolium, Lamk. 367
suberifolium, Willd. 369
Pterygota, alata, Br. . 360
alata, Thw. . . 961
Roxburghii, Schott
& Endl. . . 860
Pyenarrhena, Miers . 105
mecistophylla, Miers 106
planifiora, H.f. & T. 106
pleniflora, Miers . 106
Pyramidanthe rufa,
Miq. . . . . 81
Pyrenaria, Ri. . . 289
acuminata, Planch. 290

attenuata, Seem. . 290
barringtoniefolia,
Seem. . 290

camellisflora, Kurz. 290
Pyrospermum calophyl-
lum, Miq.. . . 622

Quinio cocculoides,

Schlechtd.. , . 101
RANUNOULACEE , . . 1
RANUNCULEE . . 1
Ranunculus, Linn. . 16

acris, Linn. . . . 19

affinis, Br. . . 18
amanus, Ledeb.. . 18
aquatilis, Linn. . 16
aquatilis, Don 16
arvensis, Linn. . 20
attenuatus, Royle 18
auricomus, Linn. 19
brevirostris, Edgw. . 19
bulbosus, Linn. 21
cabulicus, Boiss. 20

cespitosus, Wall. . 18
cherophyllos, Linn.
chinensis, Bunge .
choorensis, Royle .
Cymbalariæ, Pursh. 17
dahuricus, Turcz. .
diffusus, DO. . ,
distans, Royle . .
falcatus, Linn, . .
fibrosus, Wall. . .
flaccidus, H, f. & T.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Flammula, Don . 17
geranioides, Bl.. . 19
glabratus, Royle . 18
hastatus, Walk. . . 17
hirtellus, Royle. . 18
hydrocotyloides,

Wall . . .. 19
hyperboreus, Aotlb. 18
hyperboreus, H. f.

& T. ... °
indicus, Roxb. . .
javanicus, B. . . 1T
letus, Wall. . +
Lingua, Zinn. °
lobatus, Jacg. . . 17
longicaulis, C.A.Mey. 17
membranaceus, Royle 17
mollis, Wall.. . . 19
muricatus, Linn. . 20
napaulensis, DC. . 19
natans, C. A. Mey. 18
nephelegenes, Edgw. 17
nervosus, Royle .
nivalis, Linn. . -
obtectus, Wall. . > 3
pedatifidus, Sm. . hi
pedatifidus, Ledeb. :
pennsylvanieus, Linn. E
pimpinelloides, Dor 1
pinnatus, Wight e
polypetalus, Royle . T.
pulchellus, C. A. Mey.

Purshii, Hook. . + y
pygmæus, Vahl.. -

radicans, H. f. & T. "
radicans, C. A. Mey. 1
reniformis, Wall .
riparius, Edgw.. -
sovittifolius, Hook.. 17
salsuginosus, Wall. .
salsuginosus, Don. . d
sceleratus, Zinn. +
subpinnatus, W.&A.
trilobatus, Don. +
tuberculatus, DO. -
vestitus, Mum
vitifolius, Roy
Wallichisnus W44.,
RAPHANEE . + * °

Raphanus, Linn. . + b
caudatus, Linn. | 168
Raphanistrum, Linn. n

sativus, Li. E "
ia Lessertia ;
Pan h. & H. t: eae
Reevesia, Lindl. -
pubescens, Mast...
Wallichii, Br «ot

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Reinwardtia, Dumort. 411
indica, Dumort. . 412
repens, Planch. . . 412
tetragyna, Planch. . 412
trigyna, Planch. . 412
trigyna, Dalz.&Gibs. 412
Reseda, Linn. . . 181

Aucheri, Boiss. . . 181
bracteata, Boiss. . 181
nilgherrensis, J.

Mull. . . . . 181
oligandra, Edgw. . 181
pruinosa, Del. . 181

RzsgDAcEE . . . . 180
Retinodendron lancee-
folium, Korth. . 302

Rhamnea ? diospyri-
folia, Wall. . . 642
? lucida, Wall. . 641
RuawmsEE . . . . 629
Rhamnus, Linn. . . 638
acuminata, Colebr. 642
Arnottianus, Gardn. 638
circumscissus, Linn.f. 641
dahuricus, Pall. . 639
filiformis, Roth. . 641

1 glabratus, Hb.

Heyne.. . . . 036
globosus, Bunge. . 639
hirsutus, W. & A. . 639

632
638
641
641

Jujuba, Linn. . .
lineatus, Linn. . .
lucidus, Roxb . .
myrtinus, Burm. .

Napeca, Linn. . . 635
nipalensis, Wall. . 640
nummularia, Burm. 633
Cnoplia, Linn. . 634
parvitorus, Klein . 641
parvifolius, Turez.. 639
persicus, Boiss. . . 638
polymorphus, Turez. 639
procumbens, Adgw. 640
purpureus, Edgw. . 639
rupestris, Royle. . 640
theezans, Linn. . . 641
trigynus, Don . . 641
triqueter, Wall.. . 639
virgatus, Roxb. . . 639
Wightii, W.d A. . 639
xylopyrus, Retz . 634

Rhaptomeris Burmanni

Miers . . . . 104
Rhesa Moja, Ham. . 622
paniculata, Arn. . 622
Rhus Cobbe, Linn. . 673

decipiens, W. & A.. 540
fraxinifolium, Don 490

Page

Riedleia concatenata,
. . . 914
corchorifolia, DC. . 374
supina, DC. . 974
tiliefolia, DC. 374
truncata, W. & A. . 374

Rissoa zeylanica, Arn. 512
Ropalopetalum uni-
florum, Griff. . . 55
Roucheria, Planch. . 413
Griffithiana, Planch. 414
Roumea hebecarpa,

Gardn. . . . 195
Roxburghia baccata,
Ken. . . . . 575
Roydsia, Roxb. . 180
Jloribunda, Planch. 409

obtusifolia, H. f. & T
180, 409
parviflora, Griff. 180, 409

suaveolens, Roxb. . 180
Ruta, Zinn. . 485
albiflora, Hook. . 486
angustifolia, Pers. . 485
chalepensis, Wall. . 485
graveolens, Linn. . 485
japonica, Sieb. . . 486
tuberculata, Forsk. . 485
RurTACEE . . . . 484
RuTEE . + ++ . « 484
Saccopelatum, Benn. . 88

longiflorum, H. f. & T. 88
t sclerocarpum, A. f.
c T.

. . 88
tomentosum, H. f.
£ T.. . . 88
Selanthus quadragonus,
Forsk.. . . . 645
Sagerea Dalzellit,

Bedd. . + .
elliptica, H. f. &T.. 92
laurina, Dalz. 93
Thwaitesii, H. f.

&T. .... 92

Segeretia, Brongn. . 641
Brandrethiana, Aitch. 642
corymbosa, G. Don. 642
filiformis, G. Don . 641

hamosa, Brongn, . 641
oppositifolia,

Brougn. . . . 641
theezans, Brongn. . 641
theezans, Brandis . 642

Sagina, Linn.. . . 242

ammannioides, Wall. 251
Linnai, Presl. . . 243
procumbens, Linn, . 242

731

u Page
saxatilis, Wimmer. 243
Salacia, Linn. . . 625

Brunoniana, W. £ A. 626

? chinensis, Linn. . 627
f cochinchinensis,
Lour. 627

densiflora, Wall. . 629

diandra, Thw. . 627
Finlaysonii, Wall. . 627
flavescens, Kurz 625
floribunda, Wight . 629
fruticosa, Heyne 628
grandiflora, Kurz . 626
Gritfithii, Laws. 628

levigata, Wight. . 624
latifolia, Wall. . . 629

Lobbii, Laws. . 626
longifolia, H. f. . . 626
longifolia, Wal. . 629

macrosperma, Wight 628
Maingayi Laws. . 626
membranacea, Laws, 627
memecyloides, Wall. 628
multiflora, Wight . 627
oblonga, Wall. . . 628
oppositifolia, Rottl. 628
ovalis, Laws. . . 627
paniculata, Wall. . 624

podopetala, Turez. . 626
pomifera, Wall.. . 628
pomifera, W. £ A. 629
prinoides, DC. . . 626
reticulata, Wight . 627
Roxburghii, Wall. . 627
rubra, Laws. . 627
terminalis, Thw. . 624
verrucosa, Wight . 628
t viminea, Wall. . 627
Wightiana, Wall. . 626
Salmalia malabarica,
Schott. . . . 949
Salomonia, Lour. . . 206
? angulata, Griff. . 207
aphylla, Griff. . 207
canarana, Hassk. . 207
cantoniensis, Lour.. 206
ciliata, DC. . . 206
cordata, Arn. . 206
edentula, DC. . . 207
? Horneri, Hassk. . 207
obovata, Wight . 207
oblongifolia, DC. . 207
leptostachya, Wall.. 207
parasitica, Griff. . 207
petiolata, Ham.. . 207
? rigida, Hassk. . 207
sessiliflora, Ham. . 207
4 setoso-ciliata, Hassk. 207

732

Page

? stricta, Sieb. & Zucc. 207
subrotunda, Hassk.. 206
tenella, H. f. . 207

? uncinata, Hassk. . 207
Salvadora persica, Wall. 582

Samadera, Garin, . . 518
indica, G«rtn, . 519
lucida, Gertn. . . 519

Sandoricum, Cav. . . 558
borneense, Miq. . 554

emarginatum, Hiern 553

glaberrimum, Hassk. 553
indicum, Cav. . 553
Maingayi, Hiern . 544
nervosum, Bl. . 553
ternatum, Blanco . 558
Santiria, Bl. . . . 536
apiculata, A. W.
Benn. . . . . 537
conferta, A. W. Benn. 531
costata, A. W. Benn. 537
fasciculata, 4. W.
Benn. . . . . 589
levigata, Bl. . . 538
Maingayi, A. W.
Benn. . . 588
multiflora, A. ' W.
Benn. . . . . 588
Planchonii, A. W.
Benn. . . . 536
puberula 4. W.
Benn. e. . 537
SAPINDACEE. . . . 668
Sapindus, Plum. . 682
abruptus, Lour. . . 683
abstergens, Roxb. . 682
acuminata, Wall. . 684
acutus, Roxb. . 682
acutus, Wall. . . 685
adenophyllus, Wall, 677
alternifolius, Hb.
am. . . . 072
augustifolius, Wall. 685
attenuatus, Wall. 684
benghalensis, Roxb. . 689
bifoliolatus, Hiern . 684
bijugus, Wall. . 671
Danura, Voight . . 684

? deficiens, W. & A.. 671

detergens, Roxb.. . 683
detergens, Wall. . . 685
edulis, Ait. . 687
edulis, Bl. . . 672
emarginata, Vahl . 682
erectus, Hiern . . 683
Fraxinifolius, DO. . 672
glabratus, Wall... . 686
Gleniei, Thw. . . 682

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page

indica, Poir. . . . 685

laurifolia, Vahl. . 682

lepidotus, Wall.. . 556

longifolius, Hb.Ham. 672
longifolia, Vahl . . 685
mollis, Bl. . . . 685
monogyna, Hb. Hey. 689
Mukorossi, Gertn. . 683
multijuyus, Wall. . 685
obovatus, W. & A. . 685
pinnatus, Roxb.. . 672
? pinnatus, Mill. . 672
polyphyllus, Roxb. . 685
Rarak, DC. . . . 672
rubiginosa, Roxb. . 672
saponaria, Lour. . 672
squamosus, Roxb. . 676
tetraphylla, Vahl . 671
Thwaitesii, Hiern . 683

travancorensis, Wall. 532
trifoliatus, Zinn. . 682
unijuga, Thw. . 682
undulatus, Wall, . 685
Saponaria, Linn. . 217
oxyodonta, Boiss. . 217
perfoliata, Roxb. . 217
Vaccaria, Boiss. . 217
Vaccaria, Linn. . . 217
Sarosanthera | lasiope- I
tala, Thw. . . 283
Sarcostigma, W. d A. 594
edule, Kurz . . 594
Kleinii, W. & A. . 594
Wallichii, Baill, . 594
Saurauja, Willd. . . 286
cerea, Griff. . . . 288
crenulata, Wight . 291
fasciculata, Wall. . 287
fasciculata var. ab-
breviata, Chois . 287
ferruginea, Griff. . 288
Griffithii, Dyer . . 286
leucophloia, Korth, 287
macrotricha, Kurz . 287
media, Korth. . 287
micrantha, Griff. . 288
napaulensis, /C. . 286
paniculata, Wall, . 286
punduana, Wall . 287
Roxburghii, Wall. . 287
sterculifolia, Griff. , 288
tristyla, Willd. . . 287
Sauravsem. . . . 279
Scapha Candolli,Chois. 287
pinangiana, Chois.. 287
Scaphiwm Wallichtt . 361
Schima, Reinw. . . 288

crenata, Korth. . . 289

SYNONYMS.
ES
hypoglauca, Miq. 5
khasiana, Dyer . . 289
` molis, Dyer . * 288
Wailichii, Cots. "

Schizandra, Michz. .
axillaris, H. f. & T. 45
elongata, H. f. & T. 44
grandiflora, H. f. &

T. rt
propinqua, H. f. £ T.

ScniZANDREE . + >

Schizochiton ? Wall.

Schleichera, Willd.
pentapetala, Rorà

ubescens, Roth. -
frijuga, Wild. . .681
trijuga, Moritz. 678, 681
Schmidelia acuminata,
Thw. . . + +8
adenophylla, Wall. .
Aporetica, Wall.. »
Allophyllus, DG. >»
bidentata, Wall. .
Cobbe, DC. .
cochinchinensis,
dentata, wal,
distachya, DU. + +
fatidissima, Wall. .
Gemella, Camb. + +
glabra, Wall. -
hispida, Thw. . *
integerrima,

DC.

Kobbe, Lamk.
orientalis, Sw.
or nitrophioides, 674
racemosa, Linn. + :
Rheedii, Wight » *
serrata, DO. - + *
ternata, Camb. .
timorensis, DU. +
varians, Thw.
vestita, Wall. -
villosa, Wight
Schæpfia, Schreb. ,
acuminata,
fragrans, : 581
odorata, Willd. 623

Wall.

atalantioides,
atalantioides, WM
ovalifolia, Wight *
parvifolia, ‘eh :
yacemosa, 2

rotundifolia, Thw.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

Rorburghiana, H. f.
. . 513
Rochurghi, Wizht. 513

zeylanica, Wight . 513
Scolopia, Schreb. . . 190
acuminata, Clos, . 191
chinensis, Clos. . . 191
crassipes, Clos. . . 191
crenata, Clos. . 191
Gertneri, Than. . . 191
lanceolata, Clos.. . 191

pseudo-crenita, Clos. 191

pusilla, Moon . . 191
rhinanthera, Clos. . 190
Roxburghii, Clos. . 190
scva, Hance . . 191

Scopolia aculeata, Sm. 497

Scutia, Comm.

. 640

. Commersoni, Brongn. 640

indica, Brongn. .

. 640

lucida, G. Don . . 640
paniculata, Don . 617
Rheediana, Wight . 640

Scutinanthe brunnea,

Thw. ... à

. 531

Scyphopetalum, Hiern 675

ramiflorum, Hiern . 676
Scytalia bengalensis,
Roxb... . . . 689
chinensis, Gertn. . 688
Danura, Roxb.. . 684
glabra, Hb. Ham. . 565
Litchi, Roxb. . . 688
Longan, Roxb. . . 689
Ramboutan, Roxb. . 687
rubra, Roxb. . . 684
trijuga, Roxb. . 681
verticillata, Roxb. . 684
Securidaca, Linn. . . 207

bracteata, A. W. Benn.208

inappendiculata,

Hassk. . . 208
paniculata, Wall. . 208
scandens, Ham. . . 208
Tavoyana, Wall.. . 208

Seetzenia, Br. . . . 424

orientalis, Dene. . 424
Seidlia lanceefolia,

Kostel. . 302

Selas lanceolatum, Spr. 498
Semeiocardium glau-

cescens, Hassk.
Flamilionii, Hassk. .
hyalinum, Hassk.

. 201

201
201

Senacia nepalensis, DC. 199

Senra, Cav. . . . . 333
incana, Cav.. . . 334
334

Serrea incana, Dene.

Page

rupestris, Edzw. . 334

Sethia acuminata, Arn. 415
erythroxyloides,

Wight . .'. . 415
indica, DC. . . 414
lanceolata, Thw. .415

Shorea, Roxb. . . 803
acuminata, Dyer . 305
assamiea, Dyer . . 307
bracteolata, Dyer . 305
floribunda, Kurz . 304
gratissima, Dyer . 307
laccifera, Heyne . 305
leprosula, Mig. . . 305
leucobotrya, Miq. . 306
lissophylla, Thw. . 307
longisperma, Roxb. 308
macroptera, Dyer . 308
oblongifolia, Tw. . 307
obtusa, Wall. . 906
parvifolia, Dyer . . 305
penicillata, A. DC... 306
reticulata, Thw.. . 307
robusta, Gertn. . . 306
robusta, A. DC. . . 304
robusta, Roth. . . 805
Roxburghii, Don . 305
sericea, Dyer. . 906
Siamensis, Mig.. . 304
stellata, Dyer . 904
stipularis, Zhw.. . 307
? suava, Wall. . . 304
Talura, Roxb. . . 304
Tumbuggaia, Roxb. 306

Sicyos pentandrus,

Wall . . . 595

Sideroxylon spinosum,

Wild. . . . . 194

Sida, Linn. . . . . 322
Abutilon, Linn. . . 827
acuta, Burm. . . 323
alba, Linn. . . 823
alnifolia, Linn. . . 323
altheifolia, Sw.. . 324

? amena, Wall. . 928
asiatica, Linn. . . 326
asiatica, Wall. . 827
aurita, Wall. . . 928
Beloere, L'Her. . . 326
Boriara, Wall. . . 823
canariensis, Willd. . 323
carpinifolia, Linn. `. 323
chinensis, Retz . . 924
compressa, DC. . . 323
compressa, Wall . 323
cordifolia, Linn. . 324
corylifolia, Wall. 324

corynocarpa, Wall. . 324

`

crispa, Linn. .
cuneifolia, Roxb. 322, 374

diversifolia, Spr. . 336

Eteromischos, Cav. . 326
glandulosa, Roxb. . 323
glauca, Cav. . . 927
glutinosa, Roxb. . 322
graveolens, Roxb. . 327
grewioides, Guill. &
Perr, + . . . 823
herbacea, Cav. . . 324
heterophylla, Spr. . 336
hirta, Wall. . 322, 327
hirta, Lamk.. . . 827
humilis, Willd. . . 322
indica, Linn. . . 326
indica, Cav. . . . 828
lanceolata, Roxb. . 323
Leschenaultiana, DC. 325
macrophylla, Wall.. 326
micans, Cav.. . . 324
microphylla, Cav. . 324
montana, Roxb, . 328
morifolia, Cav. . . 322
multicaulis, Cav. . 322
mutica, Delile . 927
mysorensis. W. £ A. 322
nervosa, Wall. . . 322
obovata, Wall. . 924
olens, Ham. . . . 392
orientalis, Cav. . . 324
oxyphylla, Wal. . 326
pentacarpos, Roxb. . 324
periplocifolia, Linn. 325
persica, Burm. . . 326
philippica, DC. . . 324
pilosa, Retz . . . 322
pilosa, L'Her. . 927
polyandra, Roxb. . 326
populifolia, Lamk. . 326
radicans, Cav. . . 822
radicans, Wall. . . 322
ramosa, Cav. . 928
retusa, Linn.. . . 324
retusa, Wight . . 323
rhombifolia, Linn. . 323
rhombifolia, Wall. . 324
rhomboidea, Roxb. . 324
rotundifolia, Cav. . 324
scabrida, W. & A. . 324

Schimperiana, Hochst. 322

scoparia, Lour. . 323
spinosa, Linn. . 823
Stauntoniana, DC. . 323
stipulata, Cav. . . 323
tenax, Ham.. . . 322
tomentosa, Roxb. . 327
unilocularis, L'Her. 822

734

: Page

urticefolia, W. & A. 322
veronicefolia,Lamk. 322
villosa, Wall. . 927
Silene, Linn. . 217
amena, Linn, . . 219
apetala, Willd. . . 218
arenosa, C. Koch . 219
Armeria, Linn. . . 218

colorata, Poir.. 218,
conoidea, Lénn. .
cucubalus, Wib. .
dasyphylla, Turcz.

226

. 218
. 218
. 219

Faleoneriana, Benth. 920
gallica, Zinn. . 218
graminifolia, Otth. 219
Griffithii, Boiss. . . 220
Gul- Waldemar,
Klotzsch . 219
indica, Roxb. . 225
inflata, Sm. . 218
intrusa, W. & A. . 218
khasiana, Rohrb. . 221

kunawarensis, Benth.
leyseroides, Boiss.

220

.. 219

Moorcroftiana, Wall. 219
multifida, Edgw. . 220
noctiflora, Linn. . 218
repens, Bolss. . 219
salsa, Boiss. . . . 219
? Stracheyi, Edgw. . 221
suaveolens, Kar. &

Kir.. . . . 220

tenuis, Willd. . . 219
viridiflora, Rohrb. . 221
viscosa, Pers. . . 220
Wallichiana, Klotz. 218
Webbiana, Wall. . 220
Webbiana, Wall. . 220
SILENEZ . . . . 212
S¿maba, quassioides,

Ham. . 520
SiMARUBEX . 001
Sinapis alba, Linn, 157

brassicata, Linn, . 156
cuneifolia, Roxb. . 157
dichotoma, Roxb. . 156
divaricata, Roxb. . 134
erysimoides, Roxb. . 156
glauca, Roxb. . . 156
integrifolia, Willd. . 157
juncea, Linn, . 157
nigra, Linn. . . 156
pusilla, Roxb. . 184
ramosa, Roxb, . 157
rugosa, Roxb. . 157
trilocularis, Roxb. . 156
Siphonodon, Grif.. . 629
celastrineus, Grif. . 029

axillare, H. f. & T..
Columnz, Jacq. .
contortwplicatum,
deltoideum, H. f.
e&T.....
foliosum, H. f. € T.
himalaicum, Z. f.
Pe ....
humile, C. A. Mey.
Trio, Linn.
érioides, Boiss.
lasiocarpum, JH. f.
& T. . . + °

Loeselii, Zinn.
minutiflorum, 4. f.
& T.

mollissimum,
Mey. .

nudum, Boiss.

pannonicum, Jacq. .

planisiliquam, H. f.
&T

` Q. A.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND
Page

SisyMBRIER . . 129

Sisymbrium, Zinn. . 147

Alliaria, Scop. . 151

149

. 150

146

151
148

147
148
150

. 150

148

. 151

149
147

. 137

150

e. . 5. 192
primulefolium,

Thoms. . . 152
rupestre, Edgw.. . 148
septulatum, DC.. . 150
Sophia, Linn. . 150

strictum, H. f. & T. 149

Thalianum, Gay
Monn. . . . 148

torulosum, Desf. . 146

Wallichii, H. f. & T.
Skimmia, T^bg. .
Laureola, H. f. .
Slackea insignis, Griff.
Sladenia, Kurz.
celastrifolia, Kurz
Smythea, Seem.
calpicarpa, Kurz
Sodada decidua, Forsk.

149

. 499
. 499

107

. 281
. 281
. 632
. 632

175

Solandra lobata, Murt. 336
Sowhwellia nobilis,
Salisb. . . 958

Soymida, Juss.. . .
febrifuga, Juss. .
Sperguia, Zinn. . .

567

. 567

243

estivosa, Ken. . . 251
arvensis, Zinn. . . 243
pentandra, Linn. . 243

rubra, Jinn.. . .

Spergularia rubra, St.
Hil sd os

Spheocarya leprosa,
Dalz. .

244

244

SYNONYMS.
ee
"uec
Pia. Wall. o. 560

paniculata, Wal. . 5
polystachya, Wall. .
Rohituka, Wall.
spicata, Wall.
Spherostema axillare
Bl. . + + °
elongatum, Bl. , »
grandiflorum, H. f.

grandiflorum, Wall, 5
propinquum, Bl . 4
Spina spinarum, E

Rumph. -. >
Stachyurus, S. £ Z. . 288

himalaicus, H. f. & T. 288
Stadmannia pubescens, i
Spr. ` + ° * B
trijuga, Spr. > +, * 68
Stalagmites ovalifolius, 9
G. Don . ` aa
Staphylea, Linn. e
Emodi, Wall. + + 6 -
indica, Burm... s
Stauntonia angustifolia |

Wal. . + +` °
Brunoniana, Wall. . z
latifolia, Wall. . "

Stelechocarpus, De. 7
Burahol, Bl.. ° RA
Stellaria, Linn. . 219
aquatica, Scop to^ Ses
aquatica, Poll. . m

bulbosa, Wulf. -
cerastioides, Linn. +

9
crispata, Watt. i
decumbens, #dgu. . ssi
depauperata, Edgw. 3
drymarioides, Tiu: id
Fenzliana, Klotzse 233

glauca, With. + *

graminea, Linn. . e
lanata, * tag
latifolia, Benth. - oe
longissima, ` ° a

media, Linn. $
media, Wight + *
mollis, Klotzsch. +

monogynd, Dx d A
monosperma, Don 229

paniculata, Edgw. +
patens, pon « + *

trea, H. f. & T. +
Tatile, Ham: - ° 350
gemivestita, Edgus +

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS. 735

rae . Page Page Page
sikkimensis, H. f. . 230 bicolor, Mast. . . 359 | Suriana, Zinn. . . . 522
subumbellata, Edgw. 233 campanulata, Wall. 362 maritima, Linn . 522
thymifolia, Wall. . 233 coccinea, Jack . . 357 | Surwala robusta, Roem. 565

tibetica, Kurz. . . 231 coccinea, Roxb. . . 357 | Swietenia Chickrassia,

uliginosa, Zinn.. . 233 coccinea, Wall. * . 360 Roxb. . . . . 568
. Webbiana, "Wall. . 230 colorata, Roxb. . . 359 chlorozylon, Roxb. . 569
Stemonoporus affinis, cuneata, Heyne . . 356 | febrifuga, Roxb. . 567

Thw. . . . .314 ensifolia, Mast. . . 359 rubra, Wall. . .. . 567
canaliculatus, Thw. 315 foetida, Linn. . . 354 soymida, Dunc.. . 567

distichus, Thw. . . 303 fulgens, Wall. . . 360 Sotrophola, Hb. Ham. 568
Gardneri, Thw.. . 314 fulgens, Wall. . . 360 trilocularis, Roxb. . 568
lanceolatus, Thw. . 315 guttata, Roxb. . . 355 velutina, Wall. . . 568
? Moonti, Thw. . . 316 Hama, Redd. . . 360 villosa, Wall. . . 568
nitidus, Thw. . . 316 Jackiana, Wall . 258 |SwigTENIEE . . . 541
oblongifolius, Thw.. 315 levis, Wall. . . . 857 | Synaptea grandiflora,
petiolaris, Thw. . . 315 lanceefolia, Roxb. . 356 Kurz . . . 801
reticulatus, Thw. . 316 lanceolata, Ham. . 357 odorata, Grif. . . 301
rigidus, Thw. . . 315 linearicarpa, Mast.. 360
scabriusculus, Thw. 303 linguifolia, Mast. . 357 | Talauma, Juss.. . . 40
Wightti, Thw. . . 314 macrophylla, Vent. 356 Hodgsoni, H. f.& T. 40
Stemonurus | affinis, Maingayi, Mast. . 359 lanigera, H. f. & T. 40
Miers . . . . 587 mollis, Wal. . . 358 mutabilis, Bl. . . 40
apicalis, Miers . . 584] nobilis, Br. . . . 358 Rabaniana, Z7. ^f. & T. 40
axillaris, Miers . . 586 ovalifolia, Wall. . 356 | Talinum, Adans. . . 247

ceylanicus, Miers . 586 parviflora, Roxb. . «559 cuneifolium, Willd. 247 .
coriaceus, Miers. . 586 parvifolia, Wall. . 356 indicum, W.& A. . 247

4 crassipes, Kurz . 587 populifolia, Roxb. . 361 | TAMARISCINEFR. . à. 248
? fetidus, Wight . 589 populifolia, W. & A. 361 | Tamarix, Linn. . . 248
Gardneri, Miers. . 586 pubescens, Mast. . 357 articulata, Vahl. .. 249

Heyneanus, Miers . 586 | punduana, Wall. . 364 articulata, Wall. 248, 249
longifolius, Miers . 586 Roxburghii, Wall. . 356 dioica, Roxb. . . 249
penangianus, Miers. 587 rubicunda, Wall. . 360 ericoides, Rothb. . 249
polymorphus, Miers. 586 rubigirosa, Vent. . 358 epacroides, Sm. . . 248
prasinus, Bl. . .. . 587 scaphizera, Wall. . 361 Gallica, Linn. . . 248
secundiflorus, Bl. . 584 striatiflora, Mast. . 356 Gallica, Wight . . 248
? tomentellus, Kurz. 587 Thwaitesii, Mast. . 361 Germanica, Linn. . 250
Walkeri, Miers . . 586 tubulata, Mast. . . 362 indica, Ken. . . 248
Stephania, Lour. . . 102 urens, Roxb. . . . 355 indica, Willd. . . 248

elegans, H. f. & T. . 103 versicolor, Wall. . 355 mucronata, Sm.. . 249 .

glabra, Miers . . 103 villosa, Roxb. . . 355 orientalis, Forsk. . 249

glandulifera, Miers 103 | SrERcULIACER . . - 353 Pallasii, Desv. . . 248

-—

hernandifolia, Walp. 103 | STERCULIEE. . - - 853 | passerinoides, Del. . 248
hypoglauca, Miers . 103 Stigmarosa Jangomas, Pharas, Ham. . . 249
intertexta, Miers . 103 Lour. . . . . 193, ramosissima, Ledeb. 248
japonica, Miers. . 103 Streptostigma viridi- salina, Dyer. . . 248
latifolia, Miers. . 103 florum, Thw. . . 692 stricta, Boss. . . 249
longa, Miers . . . 103 Stremeria tetrandra, tenacissima, Ham. . 249
rotunda, Lour. . . 103 Val . . . .172 usneiides, E. Mey. . 249

Roxburghiana, Miers 103 trifoliata, Roxb. . 172 Tarrietia, Bl . a.. 362
Sterculia, Linn. . . 354 | Strombosia, Bl. . . 579) simplicifolia, Mast. . 362
affinis, Mast, . . 361 ceylanica, Gard. . 579 | Tauscheria, Fisch. . 163
alata, Roxb. . . - 360 javanica, Bl. . . 579 desertorum, Led. . 164
alata, Wall. . . . 856 javanica, Thw. . . 579 lasiocarpa, DC.. . 164
angustifolia, Jack. . 358 Struthiola scandens, Terminalia paniculata 419
angustifolia, Roxb. 358 Wall . . . . 582! Ternstremia, Linn. . 280
armata, Mast. . . 357 | Stylophorum, Nutt. . 119 aneura, Miq. . . 281
Balanghas, Linn. . 358 lactucoides, Benth. bilocularis, Roxb. . 287
Balanghas, Roxb. . 358 & HE ...9 tcoriacea, Wall. . 282

736

Page
crenulata, Wall. . 288
cuneifolia . . . 281
? dumosa, Wal.. . 282
emarginata, Chois. . 281

? integerrima, Wall.
282, 283
japonica, Thunb. . 280
? Khasyana, Chois.. 281
Lushia, Ham. . 284
macrocarpa, Scheff. 231
1 macrophylla, Wall. 290

penangiana, Chois. . 281
pentapetala, Jack . 287
racemosa, Don . 286
? reticulata, Wall. . 282
? sericea, Wall. . . 283
serrata, Roxb. . 287
trilocularis, Roxb. . 287
Wightti, Chois. . . 281
TERNSTREMIACEEK. . 279
TERNSTREMIEX . 279

Teipnophyllum zeylani-

cum, Thw. . . 268
Tetracera, Linn. . . 81
Assa, DC. . 31
Euryandra, Vahl 32
levis Vahl. . . 81
lucida, Wal. . . 82
macrophylla, Wall.. 32
Rheedti, DC. . . 81
sarmentosa, Wild. . 31
sericea, BL . . 31
trigyna, Roxb. . 31
Tetractomia, H.f.. . 490
majus, H. f. . . . 490
Roxburghii, H. f. . 490

Tetradium trichotomum,

Lour. . 490
Tetramerista, Mig. . 526
glabra, Mig. . 526
Thalictrum, Linn.. . 10
acaule, Camb. 12

alpinum, Linn. .
bracteatum, Roxb. . 2

Chelidonii, DC. . 11
Chelidonii, H. f.& T. 11
cultratum, Wall. . 11
cysticarpum, Wall. 11
Dalzelli, Hook. . 13
elegans, Wall. 10
fetidum, Linn. . 14
foliolosum, DO.. . 14
glyphocarpum, W.

& A. . . . 14

Javanicum, Bl.. .

Lemensé, Fries . 14
macrostigma, Edgw. 11
majus, Jacq... . . 14

marginatum, Royle.
Maxwellii, Royle
microphyllum, Royle
minus, Zinn. .
minus, Boiss.
neurocarpum, Royle
pauciflorum, Royle .
pedunculatum, dg.
platicarpum, H. f
& T.
Punduanum “Wall.
radiatum, Royle
reniforme, Wall.
rostellatum, H. f.
& T.

rotundifolium, DC.
rutefolium, H. f.
£T ....
saniculeforme, DC.
secundum, Edgw. .
vaginatum, Royle

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND

Page
12
14

virgatum, JH. f. & T. 12
Thea assamica, aff.
sp. Chois. . 290
assamica, Mast. 292
chinensis, Linn. . 292
viridis, var., Chois. 290
Thlaspi, Zinn. . . . 161
alpestre, Linn. . . 162
arvense, Linn. . 162
cardiocarpum, H. f.
€T, , . . . 162
cochleariforme, DC. 162
cochlearioides, H. f.
& T. 162
Grifithianum, Boiss. 162
THLASPIDER . . 1:0
Thuya aphylla, Linn. . 249
Thylacospermum, Fenzl. 248
rupifragrum,

Schrenck.. . 243
TILIACE® . . 379
Tiliacora, Colebr. 99

abnormalis, Miers . 99
acuminata, Miers . 99
cuspidiformis, Miers 99
fraternaria, Miers. 99
racemosa, Colebr. “99
TILIER . . . 380
Timeosia rupestris,

Klotzsch 217

Tinomiscium, Miers . 97
petiolare, Miers. . 97
Tinospora, Miers . . 96
cordifolia, Miers . 97
crispa, Miers. . . 96
malabarica, Miers . 96
tomentosa, Miers . 96

SYNONYMS.

Page
uliginosa, Miers . 97

TINOSPOREH . + 94

Toddalia, Juss. 497
aculeata, Pers. 497
? angustifolia, Lamk. 497
angustifolia, Miq. . 497
asiatica, Lamk.. . 497
bilocularis, Wid A. 497
floribunda, Wall. 497
mitis, Miq. . 492
nitida, Lamk. 497
rubicaulis, Willd. 497

TODUALIEE , - . 484

Tonsella disperma, Poir. 625
prinoides, Willd. . 626

Toona ciliata, Rem. . 569
febrifuga, Rem. - 569
hexandra, Rem. 569
longifolia, Kem. 569
serrata, Rem. . . 569

2 velutina, Roem; 568

? villosa, Reem. 568

Toxicodendrum Cobbe,

Gertn.. . + + 674

Tribulus, Linn. + 423
alatus, Del. . : + 428
cistoides, Linn.. + 423
lanuginosus, Linn. . 423
terrestris, Linn. . 423

Trichadenia, Zw. . w
zeylanica, Thw. 19

Trichaurus ericoides, 219

W. & A.

Trichilia coriacea, Wall. i
? longissima, Wall. . j^
nervosa, Vah 22
spinosa, Willd. d
trifoliata, Wall. . e
venosa, Spr. . + ° "
tvillosa, Wall. + + p

TRICHILEE£ . + .

Tridesmis formosa, 25)

Korth. . ° 958
ochnoides, ‘Spach anh
pruniftora, Kurz 208

Trigoniastrum, Miq. 208
hypoleucum, Miq - 539

Trigonochlamys, Sf 539
Griffithii, Z.

Triguera acerifol ia, 336

Triomma, H. f. . E
malaccensis, J. f ' S06

Triphasia, Lour. + ' 507
aurantiola, Lour, + 509

? sarmentosa, .
trifoliata, | 507, e

Tristellate.a, s

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
australasica, A. Rich. 418
Triumfetta, Linn. . . 394
angulata, Lamk. . 395
angulata,B acuminata,
Wall. . . . . 395
annua, Linn. . 396
Bartramia, Roxb. . 395
bilocularis, Wall. . 395
cana, Dl. . . . . 396
glabra, Hb. Miss. . 395
glandulosa, Heyne . 395
indica, Ham. . 894

indica, Lamk. . . 396
1 microphylla, W.&A. 396
neglecta, W. & A. . 396
oblonga, Wall. . 894
oblongata, Link. . 395
orbiculata, Ken. . 395

ovata, DC. . . . 994
pentandra, Guill. &
Per. . . + . 896
pilosa, Roth. . . 994
pilosa, Wall. . . . 894
pilosa, var. Thw. . 894
pilosula, Thw. . . 396
polycarpa, Wall. 895, 396
rhomboidea, Jacq. . 395
*rotundifolia, Lam. . 395
semitriloba, Linn. . 396
suborbiculata, DC. . 395
tomentosa, Bojer. . 394
tomentosa, Wall.
trichoclada, Link. .
trilocularis, Roxb. .

vestita, Wall. . 394, 395
Trochisandra indica,
Bedd. . . . . 622
TROCHODENDREX . 39
Trollius, Linn. . . 22
acaulis, Lindl. . . 22
pumilus, Don . . 22
pumilus, Royle . 22
Tunica, Scop. . . . 215
stricta, Bunge 216
' Turpinia, Vent. . . 698
latifolia, Wall. . . 699
martabanica, Wall. 699
microcarpa, W. & A. 699
nepalensis, Wall. . 699
pomifera, DC. 698
Turrea, Linn. . 541
alata, Wight . . 542
pinnata, Wall. . . 543
trichostylis, Miq. 979
villosa, Benn. 542
virens, Linn. . . 541
virens, Hellen. . . 512
Turritis glabra, DC. . 195

VOL. 1.

Page

rigida, Wall. . 135
Tytonia natans, G. Don 483
Unona, Zinn. . . 58
Alphonsi, Wall. . 62
cauliflora, H.f.&T. 60
chinensis, DC.. . . 59
cochinchinensis, DC. 59
cordifolia, Roxb. 59
crinita, Z. f. & T. . 61
Dasymaschala, Bl. . 61
desmantha, H. f. $ T. 61
Desmos, Dun. . 59
discolor, Vahl . 59
dumosa, Roxb. . . 59
Dunalii, Wall. . . 58
Dunalii, H.f. & T. 59
elegans, ZThw. . 58
fulva, Wall.. . . 59
grandiflora, DO. . 47
hamata, Dun. . . 54
latifolia, H. f. T. 60
Lawi, H. f. € T.. . 59
leptopetala, Dun. 56
longiflora, Roxb. . 61
Narum, Dun. 50
odorata, Dun. . . 56
pannosa, Dalz. . . 58
pedunculosa, A. DC. 59
precox, H. f. dT.. 60
pycnantha, H. f. & T. 60
stenopetala, H. f. T. 60
suaveolens, Bl. . . 55
undulata, Wall. 59
virgata, Bl. . . + 57
viridiflora, Bedd. 60
zeylanica, H.f.& T. 58
UNONEE . . . 46
Urena, Linn. . 329
cana, Wall. . | 329
cordata, Hb. Heyne 330
Hamiltoniana, Wall. 330
heterophylla, Sm. 330
Lappago, DO. . . 930
lobata; Linn. . 329
morifolia, DO. . . 930
muricata, DC. . . 930
mata, Roxb. . 329
repanda, Roxb. . . 330
rigida, Wall. . . + 830
rigida, Wall. 330
scabriuscula, DC. . 329
scabriuscula, Wall. 329
sinuata, Linn. . + 329
speciosa, Wall. + + 330
tomentosa, Wall. . 330
UrENEZ. - + +? 318
Usubis triphylla, Burm. 674

Page
Uvaria, Zinn... . 47
axillaris, Roxb. 56
bicolor, Roxb, . . 80
bicolor, Wall. 81
bracteata, Roab. . 49
cauliflora, Wall. . 66
cerasoides, Roxb. 64
cordata, Wal.. . 49
coriacea, Vahl . 51
costata, Wall. . 67
dioica, Roxb. 87
dulcis, Dun. 48
elegans, Wall. 82
elliptica, A. DC. 92
excelsa, Wall. 71
farcta, Wall. . 56
ferruginea, Ham. . 52
fornicata, Roxb. 71
fulgens, Wall. 82
fulva, Wall. . 79
gigantea, Wall. . 75
Gomeziana, A. DC.. 49
grandiflora, Roxb. . 47
hamata, Roxb. . - 54
Hamiltoni, H. f. & T. 48
heteroclita, Roxb. . 45
Heyneana, Wall. 71
Heyneana, W. & A. 51
hirsuta, Jack . 48
Javana, Dun. 48
lanuginosa, Wall. 79
latifolia, Bl. . . 79
Lobbiana, J. f. € T. 49
longifolia, Lamk. . 62
lurida, H. f. & T. . 50
lurida var. B., H. f.
&T. `. . - 50
lutea, Roxb. . 89
lutea, Wall. . + + 51
lutea, vars., W.&A. 77,89
mabiformis, Griff. . 82
macrophylla, Roxb. 49
macropoda, H. f. . 50
manubriata, Wall. . 79
micrantha, H. f. & T. 51
mollis, Wall. . . 58
Narum, Wall. 50
nervosa, Wall. 79
nutans, Wall. 72
obovata, Heyne 75
obtusa, Bl 76
odorata, Lamk 56
odoratissima, Roxb. 54
ophthalmica, Roxb. 72
ntha, Wall. 83
parviflora, JT. f. & T. 51
uciovulata, Z. f.d T. 51
polyantha, Wall. . 81
3 B

738 INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page Page Page
prismatica, Wall. . 81 canaliculata, A. DC. 315 dubia, Wall. . . 185
ptychocalyx, Mig. . 49 chinensis, Linn. ^. 302 enneasperma, Roxb. 185
purpurea, Bl. . AT ? cordifolia, Tw. . 303 | erecta, Roth.. . . 185
reticulata, BL. . . TT ? disticha, A. DC. . 303 Falconeri, H. f. & T. 185
Roxburghiana, Wall. 71 faginea, Dyer. . . 301| frutescens, Roth. . 185
rubiginosa, A. DC. . 79 Gardneri, A. DC. . 314 grandifolia, Wall. . 188
Russellii, Wall.. . 89| grandiflora, Dyer . 301 Griffithiana, Boiss. . 184
sclerocarpa, A. DC. 52,88 Helferi, Dyer . . 302|? Hamiltoniana, Don 184
semecarpifolia, H. f. ' laccifera, W. & A. . 305 hirta, Linn. . . 184
€T... .. . 49 lanceefolia, Bl.. . 302 Hookeri, Thoms. . 183
sphenocarpa, 77. f.d T. 48 lanceolata, A. DC. 315 kunawarensis, Royle 185
suberosa, Roxb.. . 65] Maingayi Dyer. . 302 Metziana, Hohen. . 184
subrepanda, Wall. . 50| Moonii, A. DC. . 316| mysorensis, Wall. . 183
sumatrana, H. f. & T. 51| nitida, A. DC. . . 316] nilagirica, Turez. . 184
tomentosa, Roxb. . 88| oblonga, A. DO, . 315} Notoniana, Wall. . 184
trichomalla, Bl. 48| obtusa, Steud. . 306 odorata, Linn. . . 184
tripetala, Roxb. 72| pallida, Dyer . 802 | ? palmaris, Buch.. . 184
velutina, Dun. 87| petiolaris, A. DC. . 315 Patrinii, DC. . 183
ventricosa, Roxb. 89| reticulata, A. DC. . 316| pilosa, Bl. . . . 184
villosa, Roxb. 87| rigida, A. DO. . . 315| primulifolia, Linn. . 188
virgata, Bl. 57| robusta, Steud... . 306 | reniformis, Wall. . 183
zeylanica, Linn. . 51| Roxburghiana, Bl.. 302| Royleana, Wall.. +, 184
UYARIEXR - + 46| scabriuscula, A. DC. 303 serpens, Wall. 184
: scaphula, Dyer . . 301] serpens, Wall. 184
Vareca heteroclita, Thwaitesii, A. DC. . 314 | suffruticosa, Roxb. . 185
Roxb, . . . .186| Tumbuggaia, W.& &. 306 | sylvatica, Fries . . 185
lanceolata, Roxb. . 188| Wightii, A.DC.. . 314| tenuis, Benth. 183
Vateria, Linn. . . + 313 Velaga xylocarpa, Walker, Wight . 188
acuminata, Heyne . 313 Gerin.. . . . 369| Wallichiana, Ging.. 183
acuminata, Thw. . 314 | VgNTILAGINEE . . 680| — Wightiana, Wall. . 184
affinis, Thw. . . . 314 Ventilago, Gertn. . 630 Wightiana, Wt. Ic. . 184
canaliculata, Tha. . 315 bombaiensis, Dalz. . 631 Wightiana, VATS.,
ceylanica, Wight . 314| bracteata, Wall... 631 Thw. . 184
cordifolia, Thw. 317 calyculata, Tulasne 631 | VroLACEZE $e
disticha, Thw. . . 303| deniüculata, Willd.. 631 | VroLER . . + + - 18
elegans, Thw. - + 917 | leiocarpa, Benth. . 631 | Visenia concatenata, 4
Gardneri, Tho. - . 914] macrantha, Tulasne 631 Spr. . . + ° rin
indica, Linn. . 918 madraspatana, corchorifolia, Spr- - 37 4
indica, Thw. . 813 Benth. . . 631 supina, Spr. . A
jucunda, Thw. . . 314| madraspatana, tomentosa, Miq.- »
lancecefolia, Roxb. . 302 Geertn. . . 631| umbellata, Wight . 37
lanceolaria, Roxb. . 302 madraspatana, Roxb. 631 | Vismia ? arborescens, 58
lanceolata, Thw. . 315 | Maingayi, Laws. . 631 Chois. . + * ° "
lanceolata, Roxb. . 302| silhetiana, Tulasne 631 | Vitis, Linn. . - + 61
malabarica, Bl. . 313 Smithiana, Tulasne 631 adnata, Wall. 656
Moonii, Thw. . 816 sulphurea, Tulasne 631 anamallayana, Be 654
nitida, Thw. - + + 916 | Viola, Linn. . . . 182 angustifolia, Wall. . 57
oblongifolia, Th. . 315 | apetala, Roxb. . . 185 | araneosus, Dalz. - 613
petiolaris, Thw.. . 315 aspera, Ging. . . 184 assamica, Laws. pe
reticulata, Thw. — . 316 | biflora, Linn. . 182| assimilis, Kurz.. + : 63
rigida, Thw. . . . 315| cespitosa, Don . . 183| atroviridis, Wall. - brg
Roxburghiana, Wight 302 canescens, Wall.. . 184 auriculata, Roxb. 651
scabriuscula, Thw. . 303 canina, var., Linn. 185| barbata, Wall. . 654
Wightii, Thw. . . 314 | chinensis, Don . . 183| bracteolata, Wall. + 97^
Vatica, Linn, . 801 cinerea, Boiss . . 185 campylocarpa, Kurz. 655
acuminata, A. DC. 314| confusa, Benth. . . 184| canarensis Dalz. - oe
affinis, Thw.. . . 303| diffusa, Ging. . 183| cantoniensis, Seem: - gg
canaca, Ham. . 302! distans, Wall. . 183! capriolata, Don. -

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page
carnosa, Wall. . 654
cinnamomea, Wall.. 659
cinnamomea, Wall.. 650
cinnamomea, VaT.,
Wall. . 659
compositifolia, Laws. 659
coralloides, H. f. . 659
cordifolia, Roth. . 651

costata, Wall. . 647
crenata, Wall. . 654
diffusa, Mig. . . 646
discolor, Bl. . . 647
diseolor, Dalz. . . 047
divaricata, Wall. . 657

diversifolia, Wall. . 647
dubia, Zaws. . 661
elegans, Kurz. . . 659
elongata, Wall.. . 658
erioclada, W. £ A. . 651
erythroclada, Kurz. 663
fureata, Laws. . 646
Gardneri, Thw. . . 656
gigantea, Bedd.. . 648
glaberrima, Wall. . 646

glaberrima, Wall. . 645
glabrata, Heyne. . 652
glandulosa, Wall. . 652
glauca, W. & A. 648
glauca, Wall. 646
glyptoearpa, Thw. . 645
gracilis, Wall. 653

hederacea, Wall. 657, 659
Helferi, Laws. . . 662
heterophylla, Wall.. 653
Heyneana, DO. . . 651
Heyneana, Wall. . 647
himalayana, Brand. 655

Hookeri, Laws. . . 661
inequalis, Wall. . 647
indica, Linn. . 653

indica, Hb. Ham. . 651
indica, Thw. . ..651
indica, Wall. . 652
Kleineii, Wall. 648, 652
Labrusca, Linn., var. %

Regel . +
lata, Wall. . . 648
lanata, Hb. Roxb. . 651
lanata, Roxb. . 651
. 650

lanata, Wall.
lanceolaria, Roxb. . 660
lanceolaria, Walk. . 661
lanceolaria, Wight . 661
latifolia, Hb. Ham. 651
latifolia, Roxb. . . 652
Linnei, Wall. . . 649
lonchiphylla, Thw. . 646

. macrostachys, Mig.. 650

e

Page
mollis, Wall. . . 660
mollissima, Wall. . 656
montana, Laws.. . 652
muricata, W. & A.. 660
neilgherrensis, Wight 656

nervosa, Laws. . . 650
nitida, Laws. . . 662
novemfolia, Wall. . 662
obovata, Laws. . . 698
obtecta, Wall. . . 657
pallida, W. & A. . 647
paniculata, Hb.

Heyne . . . . 660
paniculata, Wall. . 649
parvifolia, Roxb. . 652
pedata, Vahl. . 661
pedicellata, Laws. . 650
peduncularis, Wall. 655
pentagona, Roxb. . 646

pentagona, Hb. Ham. 651
planicaulis, H. f. . 658

polystachya, Wall. . 662
polystachya, Wall. . 662
pterisantha, Miq. . 664
Purani, Don 652

quadrangularis, Wall. 645

repanda, W. & A. . 648
repens, Lamk. . 647
repens, Wall.. . . 649
repens, W. & A. . 646
reticulata, Thw.. . 655
Rheedei, W. £ A. . 653
rosea, Royle . . 648

Roxburghii, W. & A. 655
rubifolia, Wall. . . 663
rugosa, H. f. & T. . 650
rugosa, Wall. 651, 653
rumicisperma, Laws. 661
sagittifolia, Laws. . 645
semicordata, Wall.. 656
serratifolia, W. & A. 660
serrulata, Wall.. . 659
setosa, Wall. . . 654
sikkimensis, Laws.. 650
spectabilis, Kurz. . 649
sulcata, Laws. . . 661
tenuifolia, W. & A. 660
ternata, Heyne . . 650
Thomsoni, Laws. . 657
tomentosa, Heyne . 650
trichophora, Wall. . 663
trifida, Roth. . . 650
trifolia, Linn. . . 654
triloba, Heyne . . 650
truncata, Miq. . 652
tuberculata, Bl.. . 656

739

Page
vulpina, Linn., var. y.,

Regel . . . . 652
Wallichii, DC. . . 652
Wallichii, Kurz. . 647
zeylanica, Russ.. . 652

Vittmannia elliptica,
Vahl. . . . . 519
lucida, Steud. . . 519
Wahlenbergia, Br. . 570
Walkera serrata, Willd. 525

Wallichia | spectabilis,
DC.. . . . . 3871
Walsura, Roxb. . . 563
Gardneri, Thu. . . 563
hypoleuca, Kurz. . 564
? lanceolata, Wall. . 555
neurodes, Hiern . 564
piscidia, Rob. . 564
pubescens, Kurz. . 565
robusta, Roxb. . 565
ternata, Roxb. . 563
trichostemon, Miq. . 563
tubulata, Hiern . 563
villosa, Wall. 563, 564
Waltheria, Linn. . . 374
americana, Linn. 374
elliptica, Cav. 374
indica, Linn. 374
WINTERE® . . . . 99
Wissadula, Medik. . 325
Leschenaultiana, M st. 325
periplocifolia, Thw. 325
rostrata, Planch. 325
zeylanica, Medik. 325
Wormia, Rottb. . . 35
bracteata, H. f. & T. 37
dentata, DC.. . . 35
excelsa, H. f. & T. . 35
hamata, Vahl . . 299
integra, H. f. & T. . 37
oblonga, Wall. 35
pulchella, Jack . 36
subsessilis, Miq. . 35
suffruticosa, Grif. . 35
triquetra, Rottb. 35

Xanthochymus ovali-
folius, Roxb. . . 269
ovalifolius, ! Bedd. 269
pictorius, Roxb. 269
tinctorius, DC. . . 269
spicatus, W. & A. . 269
Xanthophyllum, Roxb. 208
affine, Korth. . 209

angustifoliwm, Wight 209

tuberculata, Wall.
vinifera, Linn. . +

. 661
652 |

Arnottianum, Wight 209
ellipticum, Korth. . 211

740

Page
flavescens, Roxb. . 209
flavescens, Wall.. . 209
glaucum, Wall. . . 209
Griffithii, H. f. . . 210

insigne, 4. W. Benn. 211
Maingayi, H. f.. . 210
obscurum, A. W. Benn.211
paniculatwm, Mig. . 209
Roxburghianum, Wt. 209
rufum, A. W. Benn. 210
stipitatum, A. W.
Benn. . . 210
undulatum, Wight . 209

virens, Roxb. . 209
Xanthoxylon, see Zan-
thoxylum
Xerospermum, Bl. . 686

Noronhianum, Bl. . 686
Ximenia, Linn. . 574
egyptiaca, Juss. J 574
egyptiaca, Roxb. . 522
americana, Willd. . 574
? lanceolata, DC. . 498
¥ olacoides, W. & A.
573, 584
Russelliana, Wall. - 574
Xylocarpus 1 Antila,

Hb. Ham. . .« ,:568
Granatum, Ken. . 567
moluccensis, Roem. ,
obovatus, A. Juss. .

Xylopia, Zinn.. . . 82
caudata, H. f. & T. 85
Championii, H. f. 4: T, 84
dicarpa, H. f. & T. 85
elliptica, Maing. . 86
ferruginea, H. f. & T. 83
fusca, Maing. . . 83
magna, Maing.. . 84

Maingayi, JZ. f.d T. 85
malayana, H. f. & T. 83
nigricans, H. f.& T. 84
obtusifolia, H. f. «& T. 83
oxyantha, H. f. € T. 83
parvifolia, H. f. & T. 84
pustulata, H. f. & T. 85
XYLOPIE® . 46

Xylosma, Forst. . 194
controversum, Clos. 194
latifolium, JT. f. & T. 194
longifolium, Clos, . 194

ZANTHOXYLER . . . 484
Zanthoxylum, Linn. . 492
acanthopodium, DC. 493
alatum, Roxb. . 493
alatum, Wall. . 493

Page
armatum, Roxb. . 496
? Bajarnandia, Wall. 496
Budrunga, Wall. . 495
2 connaroides,W.&A. 496
crenatum, Wall.. . 495
cuspidatum, Champ. 494
? Finlaysonianum,
Wall. . . . . 496
floribundum, Wall.. 497
Hamiltonianum, Wall.494

hostile, Wall. . . 493
khasianum, H.f. . 494
Lamarckiamum,

Cham. . 488

? longifolium, Wall. 496
lucidum, Wall. . . 492
Marambong, Miq. . 488
myriacanthum, Wall. 496

nilagiricum, Miq. . 487
nitidum, Wall. . . 497
oblongum, Wal. |. 495
obtusifoliwm, Poir. . 496
ovalifolium, Wight . 492
- oxyphyllum, Edgw. 494

planispinum, S. &Z. 493
pteleefolium, Cham. 488
Rhetsa, DO. . . . 495
rhoifolium, Lamk. . 496
Roxburghiamwm,,
am. . . . 487
Rumphianum, Cham. 489
sapindifolium, Wall. 496
sepiarium, Wight . 493
* Serra, Turez. . 286, 496
sorbifolium, St. Hil. 496
spondicefolium,Wall. 496
tetraspermum, W.d A. 494
? Timbor, Wall. . . 498
tomentellum, H.f. . 493
, triflorum, Turez, . 496
triphyllum, Wight . 487

violaceum, Wall, . 494
zeylanicum, DC. . 487
ZIZYPHER . 630
Zizyphus, Juss. . . 632

acuminata, Royle . 634

albens, Roxb. . 634
apetala, H. f. . 635
Baenchia, Wall. . 637

Bhuider, Royle 636, 637

? Burrea, Ham. . 636
calophylla, Wall. . 636
caracutta, Roxb, . 634
celtidifolia, DC. . 634
cuneata, Wall. . 634
*elegans, Wall.. . 637
elliptica, Roxb. . . 634

END OF VOL. I

Zollingeria, Kurz .

ZYGoPHYLLEE . -
Zygophyllum, Linn.

INDEX OF GENERA, SPECIES AND SYNONYMS.

Page

ferruginea, Heyne . 634
flavescens, Wall.. . 637
flexuosa, Wall. . 633
floribunda, Wall. . 637
"funieulosa, Ham. . 636
glabra, Roxb. . 636
glabrata, Heyne. . 638
globularis, Wall. . 637
hamosa, Wall. . . 641
horrida, Roth. . 636
Horsfieldii, Miq. . 637
incurva, Roxb. . . 635
Jujuba, Lamk. . . 632
latifolia, Roxb. . . 636
Linnzi, Laws. . . 635

Lotus, Lamk. . 033, 637
lucida, Moon. . 635
mauritiana,Hb.Ham, 632
microphylla, Roxb. 633

Napeca, Linn. . 635
Napeca, Willd. . . 635
Napeca, Roxb. . . 634

nitida, Roxb. . 633, 637
nummularia, W.d A. 633
obliqua, Heyne . . 636
CEnoplia, Mill. . . 694
oppositifolia, Wall. 641
orbicularis, Schult. 634
oxyphylla, Edgw. . 634
pallens, Wall. . . 634
paniculata, Roth. . 636
pedicellata, Wall. . 634
rotundifolia, Lamk. 633
rotundifolia, Roth. 634
rufula, Miq. . . 634

rugosa, Lamk. . 636
ruminata, Ham. 634
sativa, Garin. 633
scandens, Roxb. . 634
? sinensis, Lamk. . 633
Sororia, Schult.. . 632

Spina-christi, Linn. 637
? tomentosa, Roxb. . 636
trinervia, Roxb. . 633
trinervius, Roth. . 632
_trinervius, (3. Roth. 633
? venulosa, Wall.. ~- 636
vulgaris, Lamk.. - 633
wynadensis, Bedd. . Pay
did. .
xylopyrus, ` 099
. 692
. 422
3 p-
coccineum, Linn. . 42
t connaroides, W. & A 565
simplex, Linn. . - 424

macrocarpa, Kurz