MUSCI AND HEPATICEH

UNITED STATES
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
CONTRIBUTED TO THE SECOND EDITION OF

GRAY’S MANUAL OF BOTANY,

WILLIAM §. SULLIVANT.

WITH EIGHT COPPER-PLATES,
ILLUSTRATING THE GENERA,

NEW YORK:
IVISON, BLAREMAN, TOR, & COMPANY,
38 & 140 Granp
euihaeer 133 & 135 pice STREET.
1871.

DSSOUR) BOTAN@AR
GARDES LIBRANE

TT. a as gt Ak a oe 2 , in the year 1856, by
GEORGE P. PUTNAM & CO.,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Soutt

District of New York.

Tue following pages are designed to contain brief de-
scriptions of all the Musct and Hepatic hitherto detected
in that portion of the United States lying east of the
Mississippi River. A few species found elsewhere, either
new, or having a geographical range hertofore unnoticed,
or for some other special reason, have also been described ;
namely, those from Texas and New Mexico, and also
several from near our northern boundary, and likely to
occur within it.

The territory within the limits adopted—extending, as
it does, from 25° to 47° North Latitude, and traversed for
nearly its entire length by mountain ranges, reaching, at
several points in their northern and southern terminations,
an alpine elevation—presents conditions favorable to a
copious and varied muscological vegetation. And if the
number of species here recorded is not so large as that
found in an equal area similarly situated on the Eastern
Continent, it must be borne in mind tkat our Bryology
and Hepaticology (particularly the latter) have thus far
been very imperfectly investigated. Scarcely any portion
of our country, excepting Central Ohio, has been carefully
examined. The mountain ranges have only been cursorily
visited by a few interested in these branches of Botany.
In the northern section, notwithstanding numerous dis-
coveries made by the late Mr. Oaxss, and the more re-
cent ones (among them a Dichelyma,a Tetrodontium, and

iv

an Atrichum) by Tuomas P. James, Esq., there will doubt-
less yet be detected many other well-known European
species, not a few of which have already been collected in
British America by Drummonp.

The southern section has been even less carefully ex-
plored, and offers a promising field for future discoveries.
Among the recent accessions to our Flora from this quar-
ter are an Orthotrichum, a Fissidens, and several Bruchie
and Fabronia, gathered by H. W. Ravensr, Esq.; also
some fine Sphagna, an Anomodon, a Fontinalis, and a
Macromitrium, brought thence by our friend, the excellent
bryologist, M. Lro Lesquerevx.

No portion of our territory has contributed so little to
our Bryology and Hepaticology as the Florida peninsula,
which in this respect still remains almost a terra incog-
nita: its only known species, Pilotrichum cymbifolium, like
Meteorium pendulum from Western Louisiana (whence
novelties may also be expected), is thoroughly tropical in
all its characters, and gives promise of new and interesting
forms to reward future explorers.

W. 6. 8.

CoLumsts, Onl0, July, 1856.

MUSCI AND HEPATIC

OF THE

UNLTED S82TAJ BS

EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI.

Orper 139. MUSCI. (Mossss.*)

Low, tufted plants,.always with a stem and distinct (sessile) leaves, i
ducing spore-cas es which open by a terminal lid (except in Nos. 1- ee
contain simple spores alone. Reproductive organs of two kinds: gor
sterile (male) flower, consisting of numerous (4-20) minute cried

sacs (antheridia) which discharge from their apex a mucous fluid filled wi
oval any: ae bog eaters ro The fertile rage? a of monn
ous (4 J istillidia
nous evertag (calyptra), terminated by a long pase ——
tube (style). The ripened archegonium (seldom more than one in a flow-
er maturing) becomes the capsule, which is rarely ssdehassiies 6 or splitting
by 4 longitudinal slits, but usually opens by a lid (operculum): beneath the
operculum, and arising from the mouth of the capsule, are commonly 1 or 2
igid processes Senate d the peristome) which are always some
multiple of four: those of the outer row are called teeth ; those of the
inner row, cilia, their stance smaller processes, ciliole. An elastic
a of no (annulus) lies between the rim of the capsule and aR
wdery particles filling the capsule are spores or sporules.
iad like stalk (pedicel) supporting the capsule is inserted into the dias
gated torus (vaginula) of the flower. The pedicel continued through the
capsule forms the columella ; when enlarged uniformly under the capsule, it
forms an apophysis ; sea protuberant on one side only, a struma. The
calyptra separating ear at its base is carried up on the apex of the cap-
sule; if it splits on one ite it is hood-shaped or cuculliform, if not, it is

8 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

Artificial Analysis of the Genera.
I. ACROCARPI. Fruit terminal.
A. Capsule without a deciduous operculum,

8 ARCHIDIUM. Calyptra torn irregularly at the middle.
§. BRUCHIA. Calyptra circumcissile at the base. Capsule apophysa'
4 PHASCUM. Calyptra circumcissile at the base. Capsule not a
* * Capsule dehiscing by 4 longitudinal slits.
2. ANDRA. Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginula.
B. Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum.
* Mouth of the capsule naked.
+ Capsule sessile on a pedicellate vaginula.
1. SPHAGNUM. Calyptra irregularly torn, persistent
+ + Capsule on a proper pedicel: vaginula not pedicellate,
6. GYMNOSTOMUM. Calyptra cuculliform. Antheridia terminal.
: Antheri ES

Ya mitriform. Ant
a ‘RIUM. es ra mitriform. Antheridia
40. HEDWIGIA. Calyptra conic. Antheridia axillary.
* * Mouth of the capsule furnished with teeth.
+ Peristome single.
++ Teeth of the peristome 4.
26. TETRAPHIS. Calyptra mitriform. Plants with @ conspicuous stem.
27. TETRODONTIUM. Calyptra dimidiate-mitriform. Almost stemless plants,
++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 16. Calyptra mitriform.

a. Calyptra plicate
8, PTYCHOMITRIUM. Teeth deeply bifid; their segments adherent.
88. COSCINODON. ‘Teeth cribrose.

a. 2-ranked.
17. FISSIDENS. Teeth cloven half-way into two unequal segments,
24, EUSTICHIUM. unknown.

23, DISTICHIUM. Teeth lly entire ; if cloven, their segments equal.

5. Leaves spreading every way.
SF Capsule cernuous-inclined, unequal.

14. DICRANUM. Teeth as in Fissidens. Leaves furnished with a costa,
16. LEUCOBRYUM. Teeth asin Fissidens Leaves destitute of a costa,

nee ‘Teeth deeply bifid. Calyptra fringed at
LL. DICRANODONTIUM. Teeth deeply bifid. Cayp t e am

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 9
psule erect, oval or somewhat pyriform.
tuse.
8. striated.
10. ARCTOA. Teeth split agit down, Capeule egoutsleny arngeee striated.

. DRUMMONDIA. Teeth , erect,
54. ENTOSTHODON. Teeth how hietoanital, Capmis globose-pyriform.

4. Capsule erect, oblong or cylindrical.
drcennt seek seme deeply it, erect. Operculum te obtuse.
mi RRHOPODON. ‘Teeth entire, horizontal. Operculum subulate
58. ae LODON. Tee i. in fou ee when dry. pa 1 i
++ ++ Teeth of the peristome 82. Calyptra cuculliform.
19. TRICHOSTO mit Teeth more or less united in pairs, with a narrow —— membrane.

Bf
=
BE
=)
o
C6
2S
zg
is
&
5
3
A
Hy
i
&
g
g
li
u

. umella.
43, ATRICHUM. Teeth adherent by their points to the flattened top of the columella. Ca-
lyptra agg at the apex.
44, POGONATUM. Teeth as in the last. Calyptra densely hairy.
+e te te te f the peristome 64. Calyptra cuculliform.
45. Wiiarniin, Teeth sp as in No. a Calyptra densely hairy.
Peristome double ; its teeth 16
++ Capsule subiaatitoa 3 erect: inner peristome of 16 cilia.
88. MACROMITRIUM. Teeth when dry erect. Calyptra campanulate, plicate.
28. ENCALYPTA. see — — — Calyptra campanulate, not plicate.
84 SCHLOTHEIMIA. lute. Calyptra campanulate, not plicate.
32. ORTHOTRICHUM. “Teeth bes ary — Calyptra rence plicate.
30. ZYGODON. Teeth alyptra cuculliform

o 1 pon ot | _ es ae <3

= me a plaited cone
41. BUXBAUMIA. Capsule gibbous, Pp mvex, pedicellate.
42. DIP! gibbous, ovate, not plano-convex, sessile.

Inner peristome a membrane cut into 16 cilia.
51. BARTRAMIA. Capsule globose, ribbed when dry.
47. AULACOMNION. Cap oblong, ribbed when dry.
49. MNIUM. Capsule oblong: male flower discoid.
48. BRYUM. Capsule ede Alea male abies gemmifo:
50. MEESIA. Capsule elongated-pyriform. The outer pe: aan me shortest.
63. FUNARIA. Capsule shies stews ‘Teeth peoanibe united at the apex.
= = = Inner peristome a membrane cut into 64 cilia.
46. TIMMIA. Capsule obovate-oblong. Cilia united at their apex in fours.

I. PLEUROCARPI. Fruit lateral (with operculum and peristome).
A. Calyptra cuculliform.

* Peristome single: teeth 16.
67. CLASMATODON. Teeth irregular twice or thrice divided to the base. Annulus large, im-

70. FABRONIA. Teeth regular, approximated in pairs. Annulus wanting.
* * Peristome double: the outer of 16 teeth ; the inner of 16 cilia, with or without ciliole ; or
an irregular membrane.

+ Capsule erect, equal. .

‘papillose.
6. MYURELLA. Cilia from a broad base: ‘Giliolae present. Foliage giaucous-green.
@6. LESKEA. Cilia from a broad base: ciliolse n Foliage dark-green,

10 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

65. ANOMODON. Cilia from a narrow base. Foliage yellowish green.
68. THELIA. Cilia obsolete: a broad annular membrane present. Foliage glaucous-green.
5. Leaves not papillose, to OG
6. NECKERA, Cilia from a narrow base. Leaves undula
7% CYLINDROTHECIUM. Cilia oat a narrow base. sears smooth
77. OMALIA. Cilia from a broad base : ciliole present.
ves not complanate.

= Inner peristome a membrane adherent to the teeth.
62. LEUCODON. Perichzth very long. Calyptra smooth,
63. LEPTODON. Perichzth very long. i hairy.
72. PYLAISHA. Pericheth short. Calyp’

stn TR nil}

jl, ANACAMPT ODON. Teeth of the peristo me reflexed when
ed. ‘Sonu aus ;
. ng. ere — causa enermvne
79, € PRP. £8 nati, A

60. DICHELYMA. rerata iia Inner peristome as in Fontinalis, No. 59.

+ Capsule inclined, unequal.
73. HOMALOTHECIUM. “tamer peristome a manheane caewieee to the teeth. si <i
80. HYPNUM.

olz present. Cslyptra smooth.
B. Calyptra mitriform. Peristome double ; its teeth 16.
* Capsule immersed, erect.
59. FONTINALIS. Inner peristome of 16 cilia connected by cross-bars.
61. CRYPHAJA. Inner peristome of 16 free and subulate
* * Capsule exserted, horizontal.
78. HOOKERIA. Inner peristome of 16 carinate cilia: ciliole absent.

Sunorper I. SPHAGNACER.

1. SPHAGNUM, Dill. Pear-Moss. (Tab. 15.)
Calyptra irregularly ruptured in the middle. Operculum convex, depressed.

ene subglobose, sessile on the pedicellate ristome none. In-

ula, Pe
ence moncecious or dicecious : antheridia roundish, with a long pedicel,

concave, with a peculiar reticulation, composed of two kinds of ge one kind

(atricles) wast sub- fusiform, elias perforated, and lined wi

ar (fibrillose), except in No. 10; the other kind (ducts) much he, linear,

phyllose, running between the step mad walls of the utricles and form-
angular-serpentine network. (Zddyvos, the ancient name.) Cross-sec-

tions of the leaf (see Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. IV. p. 174. t. 4. B. e showing

the form and relative heat of the utricles and ducts, are in deter-

mining the species, a$ fo

t Ducts. somewhat at ae centrally between the angular-rotund utricles

not extending to either surface of the leaf.

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 11

| = cymbifolium, Dill. Dicecious ; stems robust, 6/-18! long ;
es 4-6 in a fascicle, tamid, mostly obtuse ; stem-leaves spatulate, not
on branch-leaves imbricated, ovate, cucullate and entire at the apex;
apsule with stomata in its wall. — Bogs, &e. ; mon. — A large species, dis-
eins from its congeners by the sharp euba: on the back of the leaf near
the apex, and by the strie on the walls of the cortical utricles of the branches.
(Tab. me Abs
Ss mpactum, Brid. Diccious ? stems erect, 2/-5/ high, densely
sivacidade wih one — of aan Series branches 2-3 in a aos short,
crowded, ere rved-spread g, broadly mar-
gined, euneats agen toothed at the apex ; siete with small pores, those at the
point of the narrowly acuminated perichetial leaves not fibrillose. — (S. stric-
cr Muse, Alleghan., No. 201.) — Springy wr on high visintahies Southern
tes, Lesquereux, Curtis, Buckley. (Eu.)

3. S. contértam, Schultz. seer stiff and dark-colored ; stems
4’—6! high; branches attenuated, more or less contorted; branch-leaves rather
ort ovate-lanceolate, of a firm texture ; utricles very narrow, with a row of

mall pores on each side. — Cranberry marshes, Northern Ohio, Locusts (Eu.)
escurii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 6.) Aspect same as
that of small forms of No. 1; ramification and mode of growth loose; branches
2-3 in a fascicle, distant; siniashiaiies lingulate, obtuse, the utricles fibrillose ;
branch-leaves ee truncate - den e apex, the ducts cunet
form-elliptic, ap f the leaf; perichzetial leaves ee
large, when flattened oval-ovate ; capsule oblong- vishioee, ERE: ex
serted.— Wet sandy places among the mountains of Alabama; i
aoe Virginia, Lesquereux.
. S. témerum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Musc. Bor.-Amer., No. 11.) Stems
oe high, czespitose ; branches crowded, deflexed ; stem-leaves large, ovate-
lanceolate, the utricles illose ; branch-leaveés ovate-lanceolate, imbricated ;

scarcely emergent. — Margins of rivulets; Raccoon Mountains, Alabama, Les-
quereux.

6. S. himile, Schimper. Czspitose; stems 1/-2! high, with 3 layers
of cortical utricles; branches crowded, spreading, 2-3 in a fascicle; branch-
leaves ovate-lanceolate, the upper half horizontal, truncate and dentutes at the
apex, narrowly margined ; utricles broad, with large TSE Seo Flor.

7. S. cyclophyllum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor. lider No. 5.)
Stems 2/—3! long, thick, turgid, flaccid, with only one layer of cortical utricles,
mostly simple, rarely with a few scattered branches, not in fascicles ; leaves pale
greenish-white, narrowly margined, somewhat constricted at base, tlaaediy imbri-
cated, oblong-rotund, entire at apex ; ducts as in No. 5; flowers and fruit un-
known. (S. cymbifolium, var. turgidum, Hook. §- Wils. in Drum. 2d Coll. No.
7.) —New Orleans, Drummond: mountains of Alabama, Lesquereux.— (This |

12 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

and No. 8 may be sterile f i plete states of two species yet cnknown.
They approach nearer to S. atolinn than to any other eat but their
leaves have a closer reticulation, and are not papillose on the back near the

apex, nor are the cortical utricles of the branches marked with a as they
are in the last-named specie

edoides, Brid. Form and ramification of the stem and cross-

section of the leaf same as in the last, but a somewhat smaller plant, and not se

flaccid; leaves mostly of a dark vinous red, oval, entire at the apex, not mar-

gined; when dry absorbing moisture with difficulty ; flowers and fruit not seen

— Springy places, on jag ge S. Carolina, Gray, Lesquereux: Mt, Marcy,

New York, Yorrey.— (In the first-mentioned locality occurs an olive-green
variety, (7) perhaps S. aes rid. — smaller in all its parts; branches
somewhat numerous, short, t mostly snatts as with ep sg iy leaves,
much smaller than the distantly p es. — (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 4.)

% * Ducts oval, situated centrally between the rotund utricles, and extending to both
surfaces of the leaf.

9, S. squarrésum, Pers. oneecious ; stems 8/-12/ long, robust,
rigid ; branches deflexed, attenuated, 5 in a fascicle ; branch-leaves ovate-acumi-
— squarrose ; stem and perichzetial leaves hha, obtuse, not fibrillose.—

gs, &c.; common in the Northern and Middle States, and westward.—A
— species. (Eu.)

10. 8S. macrophyliam, Bernhardi. Stems slender, stiff, reddish, 4’-
6! long ; branches short, flat, flabelliform, 2-3 in a fascicle; branch-leaves ang
subulate, straight, spreading, dentate at the apex ; utricles “ebsuagneed: with 7-

pores in a line along the centre, and remarkable for the absence of a ven
fibre ; capsule oblong, concealed by the perichetial leaves. — Swamps near the
sea-coast, New Jersey to Florida: also Raccoon Mts., Alabama, Lesquer

%* % * Ducts triangular, situated between the rotund utricles next the concave surface

the lea
11. S. ae iw hrh. Moneecious; stems 5/-10! long, slender;
branches crowded, elongated, attenuated, mostly pendent; stem-leaves lingu-

eronely resembling this, but a smaller species, wih or Ag leaves and dicecious
inflorescence, may be looked for within our limits,

12. 8. fimbriatum, Wils. Monccious; much like and formerly con:
founded with No. 11, but a more delicate species, with fimbriated stem-leaves,
and large, conspicuous, obovate, obtuse, and cucullate perichstial leaves. —
British America, Drummond. (Ea.)

13. 8S, tabulare, Sulliv. Stems 2’-3’ cs closely exespitose ; branches
densely crowded, short, erect-patent ; stem-leaves large, ohlong, obtuse or acute,
fibrillose ; branch-leaves ovate-acuminate, the upper half spreading and undulate
on the margins; perichetial leaves lanceolate, acute, broadly bordered eg
sporules gelden slow. —(S. acutifolium, var.? Muse. Alleghan.) —

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 13

Moxntain, N. Carolina; near Mobile, Alabama. — A small species, with foliage
mostly of a pale brownish or yellowish 7 resembling S. molluscum, but that
has a cross-section of the leaf like No. 15 and 16.

14. S. mé6lle, Sulliv. Densely caspitose; stems 2'-3! high, fragile, con-
cealed by the crowded and short patent branches ; branch-leaves oblong, ovate-

acuminate, recurved-spreading ; perichettial leaves orbicular-ovate. — Mountains

of N. Carolina, Gray: Tallulah Falls, Georgia, Lesquereux. — Has remarkably

soft whidia foliage.

* * * * Ducts triangular, situated bet th l utricl rt th fi
of the lof.

15. S. cuspidatum, Ehrh. Monecious; stems 6-10! long; fascicles
of 4-5 deflexed ay distant stem-leaves Lage peta curyed-
patent, when dry flattened and undulate on margins (the best arly
mark of the species) ; perichztial leaves ied acute. — Var. RECURVUM,

leaves oblong-lanceolate, when dry much recurved. — Var. P BET growing

in water, more elongated and attenuated in all its parts. —Not uncommon; New
England to Louisiana. Foliage pale green or sgriieaas (Eu

16. S. Torreyanum, Sulliv. Stem stiff, a foot or more in length;
branches 4—5 in a fascicle, 12/"-15! long, 2''-3!' wide, fe ga
leaves eee wisi aR aire straight, broadly margined, erose-dentate
at the apex ; t unknown. — Ponds and slow-flowing streams; ne barrens
ee ree Pisses Torrey. a es sips species: foliage cslpsialciel: of a firm

Susorper Il. ANDRBZEACE®.

2. ANDREA, Ebrh. (Tab. 15,)

Calyptra mitriform. Operculum none. Capsule oblong-oval, agg bx
four longitudinal fissures, and sessile — the pedicellate vagin
cence monecious or dicecious.— Small alpine or subalpine mosses, ery a 7
brownish or blackish color, growing on rocks; stems ascending, rigid, dichoto-
mously divided ; leaves with or without a costa, of a firm texture, the areolation
above angular-rotund and small; below oblong and large. — (A

me.)

1. A. petréphila, Ehbrh. Monecious; stems 4//-10/ bn filiform,
leafless below ; leaves ovate- and oblong-lanceolate, eae spreading-incurved
m an erect base, without a costa, papillose on ack, the Rs a
often with a hyaline crenulate margin. (A. aa Hedw.) — High mo:
i pecies. (Eu.)

2. A. rupéstris, Tern: — ne enn from
an ovate base, lin A. Rothii,
Web. § Mohr.) — White Mts., New I oneal Oishii (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

3. A. crassimérvia, Bruch. Monecious ; near the last, but the leaves

, falcate-secund.
ee oe Re 2. (Eu.)

-

14 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

SusorpEr I. BRYACEZX.

Diy. I. Acrecarpi.
Fruit terminal on the main stem, or rarely terminal on short lateral branches.
A. CLEISTOCARPI. — Capsule without 1 eine bepabialy

gist 3 i] so

Tree IL ee.

3 ARCHIDIUM, Bri. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra irregularly ruptured in the middle; the lower part persistent. Cap
sule globose, sessile - = short vaginula, immersed. Columella none. Spores
large, few (8-15). male flower naked or 2-leaved,
axillary. — Minute terrestrial plants, of a structure more simple than any of the
suborder, hence its name et a beginning).

e Ohioémse, Schimp. Stems at first erect, 1/’- 2" high, afterw
Naas, and lengthened =n innovations ; leaves sae aa, by the
excurrent costa, slightly denticulate above, the perichzetial much larger; capsule
terminal on a short late ranch. (A. phascoides, Muse. ‘Alle ghan., No. 213.)
— Meadows and waste fields, Central Ohio, and N, Alabama, (Tab. 15.)

4. PHASCUM, L. (Tab. 15)

Calyptra campanulate or cuculliform. Capsule roundish, more or less apicu-
rt shortly ee , usually immersed. Colum Bella present. Spores numer-
orescence moncecious. — Diminutive seit mostly annual,

gro apes bers either stemless and bab HEE b with a short stem,
ied pert: ee —— or —— — on ancient name toe a
moss.) — For
the names of the ime into which, a natural arrangement requires the species

ns,

be d distributed,

* Plants growing from a confervoid thallus. Columella fugacious.
§ 1. EPHEMERUM, Hampe. —.Stemless: leaves des loose rhomboidal areolation .

.calyptra campanulate-conic : capsule globose-ovate, subsessile, teem spores
large: male flower gemmiform, ee Tia the bale i? the OES on
1. P. serratuam, Schreb. Leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, ecostate,

deeply serrate; capsule purple, shining. — Moist ground; edge of woods. (Eu.)

2. P. séssile, Br. & Sch. Leaves lanceolate-subulate, aid entire ; costa
excurrent, more or less obsolete near the base.— Clayey soil, in thin woods,
Central Ohio. (Eu.)

3. P. crassinérvium, Schwegr. Leaves linear-lanceolate, strongly
and irregularly dentate near the apex ; costa continuous, not excurrent.— With
the last. — Also with a var. ? having the leaves near the i spinulose-dentate,
(the teeth often recurved,) and papillose or cristate on the back ; spores much
larger :— probably E. spinulosum, Br. §- Sch., mentioned in Wils Brit.,
p. 27.

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 15

4. P. coh#rens, Hedw: Leaves oblong-lanceolate, strongly serrate ;
costa vanishing below the apex ; capsule brownish-purple. — River-banks, Cour
tral Ohio. (Eu.)

* % Plants without a confervoid thallus. Columella persistent.

§ 2. PHYSCOMITRELLA, Schimp.— Caulescent : leaves sip areolated :
calyptra campanulate-conic : capsule globose, apiculate: antheridia , axillary,
with paraphyses oo distended at the apex. (Closely allied to (ane
ma among Funariex.)

5. P. piatems, Hedw. Leaves subspatulate-lanceolate, serrate, costate
nearly to the apex; capsule sometimes exserted. — Moist clayey soil, Central

Ohio: rare. (Eu.)

§3. ACAULON, Mull. — Stemiless, bulb-like: leaves broad-ovate or obovate, very
concave, recurved at the apex, with a lax areolation: capsule globose, entirely con-
cealed by the 2 or 3 larye subcucullate perichetial leaves: calyptra minute, cam
Auch inflorescence as in § 1.

triquétrum, Spruce. Leaves 3-ranked, carinate-concave, shortly

Satis by the continuous excurrent costa, the perichetial ones 3 and larger ;

capsule horizontal, with a curved pedicel. — On dry soil; rare. (Eu.)

7. P. miiticum, Schreb. Size of the last; leaves not carinate, costate,
the perichzxtial ones 2; capsule erect; pedicel straight.— Moist ground. (Eu.)

8. P. Schimperianum, Sulliy. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 26.) . Re-
sembles the last two species, but the perichzetial leaves near the apex are papil-
lose on both surfaces, erose-dentate on the recurved margins, and cuspidate by
the costa which extends scarcely 4 of the way towards their base, the other leaves
without any trace of a costa; capsule, pedicel, and calyptra as in No. 7.—
Marcos, Texas, Wright.

§ 4. PHASCUM Proper. — Stems simple, or once or twice divided as innovations :

ves costate ; areolation below large, loese, oblong, above minute, subquadrate,
chlorophyllose: calyptra cuculliform: capsule globular, acuminate. a+ {Stina
the Pottiezx.)

9. P. cuspidatum, Schreb. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, cuspidate,
more or less papillose on the back near the apex; costa excurrent; capsule
immersed or exserted ; antheridia mostly naked in the axils of the peri
leaves. — Old fields; not uncommon. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

65. PLEUR{DIUM, Brid. — Stems erect or decumbent: leaves subulate, costate,
with a loose and oblong hexagonal reticulation: calyptra cuculliform or campanulate-
conic: capsule globular or ovate, sometimes becoming lateral by innovations of the
stem.

10. P. alternifolium, Brid. Lower leaves ho anon the upper
much longer, subulate from an oblong base; costa excurrent, with the pnint
more or less serrulate; capsule ovate, obtusely acuminate; calyptra cli ;
male flower gemmiform, axillary. — Old fields, &c.; common. —In
forms the base of the leaves is usually more Giiiky sovdlnted tana aii

G. M. 2

.

16 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

ropean, and the point is more strongly serrulate : the capsule also is inclined to
an oval shape. (Eu.)

1l. P. subulatuma, Schreb. Very much like the last, but the base of
the leaf not so suddenly dilated, more lanceolate, the point not so serrulate; ca-
lyptra smaller; the antheridia naked in the axils of the perichzetial leaves. —

ena and Rhode Island: rare. (Eu.)

12. palustre, Br. & Sch. shencaeneae from the last two species
Henrie’ by its canal on calyptra 4-5-lobed at the base: inflorescence
as in No. 11.— Sandy soil, New Jersey, James. Louisiana u

is. P. SS Hook. Upper leaves more or less obovate-oblong,
densely areolated above, satiate at the apex of the lamina, with a broad, long-
exeurrent costa; the lower leaves much smaller, oblong, ac

appressed ; sabeule ovate; pedicel short; calyptra cuculliform; male flower

gemmiform at the base of the fertile stem. — Pennsylvania, Drummond.

§ 6. ASTOMUM, Hampe.— Stems simple or branched, perennial: leaves elon-
gated, costate, the terminal much larger, with a loose, hyaline areolation below ;
above minute, subquadrate, granulose: calyptra cuculliform: capsule globose or
ovate, more or less rostellate. — (Allied to the Weisiex.)

* Male flower gemmiform, axillary.
14. P. erispum, Hedw. Stems divided above, bearing several capsules

American ; but specimens (imperfect) from Texas and Indiana appear to belong
to it.

15. P. Sullivantii, Schimp. Resembles the last, but has shorter stems,
not so much branched; capsule srcned shining, bright orange-colored ; calyp-
tra and spores smaller. —

16. P. nitidulum, Schimp. ee No. 15, but a smaller species, with
a shining, pale chestnut-colored, oval, obliquely rostellate capsule, its pedicel
thrice as long as in the last; calyptra minute, scarcely descending to the obscure
line of operculation. — Central Ohio: rare.

* * Male flower gemmiform, sto on the main stem or its branches

7. P. Ludovicianum, 5 Larger than No. 14; leaves very
ah the same in every respect; lk — obtusely rostellate, usu-
ally 2-3 in the 6 same perichzeth, borne on a from below the male
flower.

—(P. crispum, var. vonneliaines, Schweegr.? Hook. § Wils. in Drum. 24
— Coll., No. aiteige at Orleans, Drummond.

5. BRUCHIA, Schwegr. (Tab. 15.)
Calyptra etoaiay lobed at the base. Capsule obovate or oblong, —

_ pediceilate : m large. Columella present. Spores numerous, usually
yellow, ma Inflorescence moneecious: male flower qieiclithiesas tania

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 17

nal on a short branch. — Minute terrestrial perennials, with mostly simple stems
and > oe nh aecbn costate leaves of a loose oblong areolation
2, el , compact and roundish. (Named after Bruch, a
Sidi cotahed bye rahe
1. B. flexuosa, ee Stems flexuose-erect, simple ; leaves distant,
iapagie from an oblong base, long-subulate, channelled, denticulate at the
apex; capsule obovate-oblong, exserted, abruptly passing into a rather long
slender and flexuous eae Sorviesd for half its length by the calyptra. — Var.
nigricans: Whole plant longer; leaves shorter, pi Areata spores larger,
dark brown. — New England to Florida, and westward; the var. on Raccoon
Mountains, Alabama, Lesquereux, and Cleaveland, Ohio, Prof. Cassels.
Beyrichiana, Hampe. Has (according to Schwegrichen) the
leaves and pedicel of No. 1, but a much shorter stem, and the calyptra entirely
covering the oblong capsule. — Maryland, near Baltimore, Beyrich. -(Not since
detected.)

3. B. brévipes, Hook. Stems short; leaves as in No. 1, but erect, over-
topping the globose-oval somewhat pyriform capsule ; 228 short; spores

early twice as large as in the first species. — Louisiana, mmond.

4. B. brevifolia, Sulliv. Size of No. 3; leaves much shorter, broader,
erect, reaching only to the base of the sae obovate ciloby and short-pedi-
celled age Nee as in No. 1.—(Bruchia Vogesiaca, var. 2, Hook §- Wils.
in Drum. 2d Coll. No. 15 a ) — Louisiana, Drummond: South Carolina, Rave-
nel: ae pans (Tab. I.)

B. Bavenélii, Wils. mss. Almost stemless; leaves lanceolate-subu-
late; costa excurrent and with a scabrous apex ; capsule globose-pyriform, o
tusely apiculate, slightly exserted, short-pedicelled ; calyptra s ly papillose,
8-10-lobed at the base. — South Carolina, Ravenel.— (Very near the Chilian
B. Hampeana, C. Mull.)

B. STEGOCARPI. — Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum.
fre Il. WE{SIEZX.

6. GYMNOSTOMUM, Hedw. (Tab. 15.)
Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostrate. oT suboval, annu-
am exserted. <i es none. Inflorescence dicecious nee spas —
ly czxespitose species,
tate aes of a close, wenn rather quadrate areolation. Oak hota: yupves,
naked, and ordpa, a mouth ; no peristome.)

1. G. curviréstrum, Hedw. Stems — branched ; capsule
obovate, shining; operculum with a ri oblique rostrum. — nt, in dense
cashines, on wet limestone rocks. :

on ay patent ce Geliwier. Smaller than the last; capsule oval, ~

ical operculum. —In similar situations with No.

seta nee B) (Ba)

18 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

7% WEISIA, Hedw. (Tab. 15.)

. Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum rostrate. Capsule oval, annulate, exsert-
ed. Peristome single, of 16 linear-lanceolate ‘eteulans teeth, entire or perfo-
rated, without a medial line. Inflorescence monecious or dicecious. — Small
species, growing on the ground: stems more or less fastigiately branched ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, contate, of a dense and somewhat quadrate areolation. —
German cryptogamic botanist.)

1, W. viriduila, Brid. Leaves very much involute on the margins,
crisped when dry ; costa slightly excurrent.— Old fields, meadows, &c.: very
common and variable. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

8. RHABDOWEISIA, Br.& Sch. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum with a long oblique rostrum.
ar

genus, from which it is oo. by the striated capsule (hence its name, from
paBdos, a stria, and Weis:
1. BR. ftigax, Br. & Sch. Leaves linear-lanceolate, carinate, costate to
the apex, ens entire re vad ree crisped when dry, more or less papillose ;
lation , larger, looser, and oblong below; teeth
of the peristome subulate, fugacious. — White Mountains, New Hampshire,
Oakes; rare. (Tab. 15.) (En)

R. denticulata, Br.-& Sch. Very near the last, but rather larger;
leaves linear-lanceolate, approaching to lingulate, coarsely serrate at the apex ;
areolation larger; teeth of the peristome lanceolate, not ious. — Crevices
of rocks, on high peaks of the Alleghany Mountains; not uncommon. (Eu.)

Trize Ill. SELIGERIER.

9 SELIGERIA, Br.&Sch. (Tab. 15.)

alyptra cuculliform. Operculum ats obliquely rostrate. Capsule glo-

bose-pyriform, exannulate, exserted, Peristome = teeth 16, a
obtuse, without a medial line. "iaereces Moneecious: male flowe
form, ee small, , growing on vig sai
lanceolate-subulate, with a stout excurrent costa; the enclation dense, except at
the base. (A olive name.)
1. S. tristicha, Br. & Sch. Ce obtuse at
the apex.—(Weisia calcarea, Muse. Alleghan., No. 142.) — Limestone rocks, in
shaded ravines, Central Ohio. (Tab. 15.) (Eu. )

2. S. reeurvata, Br. & Sch. Resembles the last (and grows with it),
somewhat ; leaves not 3-ranked, acute; capsule not so globose,
lous on « lenght taieved pedicel, erect when dry. (Eu.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 19

Tre IV. DICRANEZX.
ARCTOA, Br.& Sch. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform, inflated. Operculum large, obliquely rostrate. Cap-
sule oval or somewhat turbinate, ribbed when dry, erect or inclined, annulate,
exserted. Peristome single: teeth 16, lanceolate-subulate, cloven half-way,
the divisions unequ nflorescence moneecious: male flower gemmiform. —
Den rt Sean alpine — pean, & on — with — lanceolate-setee

(Name

from apxtos, north ; found only in Northern iatitadts: yp
- fulvéla, Br. & Sch. Leaves fulvous, with a strong continuous —

costa denticulate at the apex; perichetial leaves large, pert overtopping

the capsule. — White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

11. CAMPYLOPUWS, Brid. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform, fringed at the coe Operculum conic-rostrate. Cap-
sule oval, regular or gibbous, annulate, ribbed when dry, on a decurved eH
Peristome single : teeth 16, ecaccaxteate deeply bifid; segments u
Inflorescence dicecious : male flower terminal. — Stems densely cxespitose, ‘dicho
seaiaes ranched ; leaves rigid, lanceolate-setaceous, with a

; areolation es oblong or rhomboid at the base, elsewhere much smaller
ae cabquatines med from xapmvXos, curved, and wovs, a foot, in allusion

to the curved alist ) (Tab. 15.)

1. C, flexudsus, a Stems 1/—2! high, radiculose ; leaves erect-patent
or faleate-secund ; eee aggregated at the apex of the stem, regular or gib-
bous. — Shaded ro oa Mountain, N. Carolina. (Tab. ~ (Eu.

2. C. ie ince Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Mase. Bor.-Amer., No
Stems densely leaved above, claviform; leaves erect-patent, scar haeblaa!
with a long hyaline and denticulate hair-point; costa very broad, strongly lamel-

0 , dry woods, Raccoon Mts., Alabama, ux.

3. C. Leanus, Sulliv. Stems fastigiately branched ; the branches termi-

lanceolate-subulate, erect, rather secund, the costa occupying n
io and Pennsylvania: not rare; on very much decayed stumps and logs.
Resembles the young growth of Dicranum flagellare.

12. DICRANODONTIUM, Br.& Sch. (Tab. 15.)

‘orm, fringed at the base. Operculum conic-subulate.
| exper clipieobins, tia smooth, pendulous from an arcuate pedicel.
- Peristome single : teeth 16, linear-lanceolate, cloven to the base; their divisions
' unequal. Inflorescence diccious: male flower gemmiform, terminal, — Habit
and aspect nearly as in the last genus. (Name from dixpavos, fo ted, and
sder, a tooth.)

20 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

i. D. longiroéstre, Br. & Sch. Stem 1’-3/ high, with innovations from
near the apex; leaves fragile, more or less falcate-secund, subulaie-sctaccous
from a dilated base ; costa broad, occupying all the upper portion of the leaf. —
On rocks, Alleghany Mountains. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

13. TREMATODON, Bich.

Calyptra cuculliform, inflated. Operculum subulate-rostrate. Capsule oval-
oblong, inclined, with a very long collum, annulate, tin (ictal Peristome
single: teeth 16, Ete lanctolate, Sebab nai or more or nee cloyen. Inflores-
cence dicecious: male flower gemmiform d, gregarious plants,
with long subulate-setaceous and slice ge costate ee es. (Name from
Tpipa, a perforation, and édov, a tooth. ) (Tab. 15.)

- TV. longicéllis, Rich. Capsule with a narrow linear eollum of twice
its length ; pedicel 14’-2/ long, slender, flexuous, straw-colored. — Clayey and
sandy soil, New England to Florida, and Ohio, Cassels. (Tab. 15.)

14. DICRANUM, Hedw. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, long-subulate-rostrate. Capsule
oval, oblong or cylindrical, regular or somewhat gibbons , erect or cernuous,
ond beans Peristome single: teeth 16, linear-anceolate, cloyen half -way

secund, with a a minute, eC es roundis. eolation above. (Name from

Sixpavos, forked, alluding to the

§ 1. CYNODONTIUM, Br. & Sch.— Leaves more or less ss papillose, crenulate-ser-
rate at the apex ; the areolation essen = base: calyptra inflated-cucull form :

. D. graciléscens, Web. & Mohr., var. tenellum, Bryol. Europ.
one short, 4/’—10” high; leaves linear- issreolate: searcely papillose, the mar
gins above plane, the costa vanishing at the apex ; capsule exannulate, oval, not
strumose, obsoletely striate. White Mts., New Hampshire, Oakes. u.)

2. D. polycarpum, Ehrh. Stems 1/-9/ high; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, variously curved, somewhat papillose on both surfaces, denticulate at the

mose, ribbed when dry ; annulus conspicuous. — Northern shore of Lake
)

3. D. virens, Hedw., var. Wahlenbersgii, Bryol. Europ. More ro-
bust than the last; stems often 3/ high; leaves spreading, flexuons, lanceolate
subulate, smooth, denticulate at the apex, the costa nearly excurrent ; capsule
oblong, wise cernuous, prominently strumose, annulate. — Lake Superior
Agassiz,

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 21

DICRANELLA, Schimp. — Small Pate leaves smooth, more or less serrate
the pail the areolation uniform at the : calyptra not inflated: capsule
stru ous.

es crea Hedw. Densely cespitose, B casa

ms short, 4!'-6" high; sie lanceolate-subulate, serrate at the apex, some-
eas secund, with a broad costa; capsule gibbous, short, Stan narrowly
annulate, strumose. — Bogs, New Jersey, Torrey. (Eu.)

D. varium, Hedw.- Stems 4-5" high; leaves rte
nearly entire at the apex, patent; costa slightly excurrent ;

Ko more or less oblique and incurved, exannulate ; eatin large, shortly
—Clay-banks, in loose patches: very common: variable. (Eu.)

.- dD. . débile, Hooker < Wilson. Resembles small forms of No. 5
stems 2/’-3'! a mostly simple, leaves erect ; the lower short, ee ae
rather obtuse ; the upper sammipeaattil channelled, and with entire reflexed
margins, ‘iene to the apex; capsule oval, erect; operculum sty a small conie
base, a rostrum as long ‘as the capsule ; peristome small:
Ba 2 -3-cleft half-way, below red, strigillose, the segments seabestn: annulus

ry large, ore triple; spores rather large; pedicel yellow. — Clayey soil,
Mobile, Alabam

I
=]
fe)
4
ca)
o
co
n
a
J

ms, Turner. Stem short, gregarious; leaves reddish, lax,
‘iced iniiseakei falcate-secund, the margins Ges obscurely denticulate ; areo-
lation loose; capsule erect, oval or somewhat obovate, exannulate ; nana
large, with a short rostrum. —Wet clay-banks, Paka Gaaaa i
sembles No. 5. (Eu.)

8. D. subulatum, Hedw. Loosely cxspitose; stems 5-10” high;
leaves Fa somewhat falcate, ‘ice cabplavs from a lanceolate base, entire ;
costa SRT capsule ovate, gi ee cernuous, dog when dry; annu-
lus rather large; pedicel red. — White Mts., New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu.)

heteré6mallum, Hedw. Somewhat larger than the last; leaves
ince slightly eueen ee taceous ; costa heavy, vanishing at the sub- ~

denticulate apex arly erect, more or less obovate and gib-
we obliquely beats when dry ; veil pale yellow. — Var. orTHOCARPUM
has an erect cylindrical capsule. — Moist ground; very common. (Eu

§3. DICRANUM Proper. — Mostly large species: stems often densely tomentose
for their whole length with vanced ir — with enlarged yellowish and di-
aphanous cellules at their basal a ct.

% Monecious : as nate capsule cernuous.
Blyttii, Bryol. Europ. Cespitose ; branches fragile; leaves soft,

.D.
Gok flexuose, rather secund, crisped when dry, the costa slightly excur-
rent; capsule oval, when dry strumose ; annulus — and sub-
aig White Mountains of New Hampshire. (Eu.)

1. D. Stirkit, Web. * mane _— 1! ee long, decumbent at the
bac a lanceolate base, secund, not crisped
when dry, the code: shortly excurrent ; pe oblong, gibbous, strumose, stri
ated ; annulus double. — — With the last. (Eu.)

22 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

* * Diacious: stems tomentose; capsule erect
12. D. montanum, Hedw. Compactly cespitose ; leaves bright-gr-en
soft, oe rather secund, crisped when dry, lanceolate-subulate, serrate on the
margin, papillose on the back at the apex; costa strong, percurrent ; cap-
sule aioe suleate when dry ; annulus double. — On trunks of trees, Goat Isl-

13. D. flagellare, Hedw. Near the last species, but distinct by its nv
merous fragile and short erect flagellx, furnished with minute appressed lanceo-
late ecostate leaves ; stem-leaves greenish-yellow, more falcate-secund ; the ca
sule longer and narrower. — On decayed logs in woods; very common. (Eu.)

14. D. interraiptum, Br. & Sch. Stems 1/-2/ high; leaves _
secund-falcate, or spreading every way, flexuous, subulately attenuated from
lanceolate base; costa broad, predominant, denticulate at the apex; ta
eylindrical, annulate, dark brown, — On rocks in mountain districts. — A rather
h,

0

formly atten Sekai _ costa, a on the margins
and the back at A apex ; capsule ylind Shaded rocks, Alle-

ghany Mountains. (Enu.)

* * * Diecious ; stems tomentose: capsule incurved-cernuous.

16. D. scoparium, Loosely cxespitose; stems 2’-4! high; leaves
secund or falcate-secund, = LR carinate-concaye, serrate at the
apex ; costa with prominent ridges at the back, dentate above ; gre cylin-
drical, slightly cernuous.— Var. PALLIDUM (Muse. Alleghan., No. 155) has
narrower leaves, with a looser areolation, the lower areolx not sinuous, the costa
with ridges only near = piss 3 pedicel pale yellow. — Alleghany Mountains 5

rare.— The variety i ot mountainons, and very common. (Tab.

ma, Schwegr. Compactly series stems slender,

4'—5! long; leaves casa a RR entire, ere ; capsule gibbous-
BG striate, ann gh peaks of the Alleghany Mesias: north shore

Lake Superior, yp eailing,

is. D. € um, Brid. Loosely cxspitose; leaves spreading, snb-
secund, flexuous, lanceolate-subulate, denticulate at the apex, crisped when dry ;
costa: strong, pen ips eg oval-oblong, much incurved, striated. — On

rocks, in mountainous

is. D. ORES A Stems 3/-4' high; leaves spreading, linear-
lanceolate, undulated, serrate on the margin and also the back at the apex};
costa slender and vanishing below the point; capsule oval-oblong, ssh al in-
curved, striated ; annulus none. —In cranberry marshes, Northern Ohio.
quereux. (Eu.)
20. D. Schraderi, Web. & Mohr. Densely tufted; stems 3’-5! long;

leaves crowded, erect-patent, oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, undulated, the

upper half serrated on the margins and papillose on the back; costa ceasing

cree Gee

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 23

below the apex; capsule incurved-oblong, annulate. — Bogs, in mountamous
districts, (Eu.)

21. D. sptirium, Hedw. Stems usually short, — and condensed ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, undulated, serrate; costa serrated on th

k above, ceasing below the apex ; capsule cylindrical, ‘Heute strumose and
incurved; when dry strongly ribbed. Ba pallidum, Bryol. Europ. ?)— Dry
sandy soil, Ohio, and Southern States. (Eu.)

22. D. undulatum, Turner. Loosely cespitose; stems 4 -6/ long,
robust; leaves widely spreading, the upper ones falcate-secund, linear-lanceo-
late from an oblong base, very much undulated, sharply serrate on the zi
and the back near the apex; costa slender; capsule cylindrical, strongly arcu-
ate, on long pedicels, 2 to 5 from the same perichath. —On the ground, in dry
woods ; commo:

3. D. m6ndii, Mull.— Very like No. 22, but distinguished by
its longer and narrower wae, 28 so sharply serrate, papillose only on the

ck, and cirrhose-crisped when dry. — White Mountains of New Hampshire,
Oakes: Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu.)

15. CERATODON, Brid. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, subrostellate. Capsule cylindrical,
subcernuous, annulate, long- elias Peristome single: teeth 16, linear-
lanceolate, cloven nearly to the base into two equal segments; their articula-

tions caine: eee dicecious, terminal: male flower gemmiform. —

De ea
olate-subulate, costate ; the areola above dense, roundish and small, below larger
and diaphanous. (Name from xépas, a horn, and d8av, a tooth, the teeth of the
peristome being nodulose like a cians horn. a

1. C. purpure Brid. blong rinate, the margins
recurved ; costa eect: liagiley Ha me aera ihe and strumose
~ when dnpies — Very common everywhere: on the ground. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

Tre V. LEUCOBRYER.

16. LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe. (Tab. 16)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum with a long-subulate rostram. Capsule
1 aha stramo ose, raphe Peristome as in Dicranum. In-
wer punass al. — White or pale-glaucous mosses,
growing in dense compact masses; stems dichotomously ched ; leaves lan-
ceolate-subulate, ecostate, composed of two or more layers of large, oe

empty, rectangular-oblong, perforated cellules, with minute 3-4-sided intercel-
lular chlorophyllose passages. (Name composed of Aevxds, white, and eal

, from its pallid color.)
. L. glatiticam, Hampe. Stems 3/-6' high, leaves fragile, crowded,
cece above; capsule reddish-brown, ribbed when dry.— (Dicranum glat-
cum, Hedw.) — About the roots of trees in moist ground, margins of swamps,

24 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

&c.; common: ripens its fruit (which is scarce) in October and November.
(Tab. 16.) (Eu

s, Hampe. Besides numerous discrepancies, singly of not
much importance, this species differs from the last in its much smaller size, its
preference for dry localities, and the time (May and June) of ripening its fruit.
— On the ground, dry woods; not rare. (Eu.)

Tre VI. FISSIDENTES.

Av. FISSIDENS, Hedw. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform, or conic-mitriform. Capsule oval or oblong, erect or
cernuous, mee eee ean uae conic-rostrate. Peristome single:
eeth 16 n Dicranum, Inflorescence various.
Be alike plants; the leaves atte two-ranked, inserted on opposite sides of
the stem, their proper lamina infolded-boat-shaped, p
equitant blade, which forms the principal portion
hexagonal-rotund.

oducing from the keel an
of the leaf; arecolation minute,
(Name from the me sil split, and dens, a tooth.)
Frui

. FE. hyalinus, Hook, & on soo 1-2" high, erect, simple;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, hearty any costa; areolation large and hya-
line ; capsule erect, oval; calyptra conic, entire at the base. — Damp earth, in
shady woods, near Cheeiniiati, ok: found only by the late 7. G. Lea.

2. F. obtusifolius, Wils. Stems simple, 2/'-3" high; leaves —_

nvex-conic, with a very s pores lz 3; cals
dicecious ; male flower terminal.— Wet and shaded rocks, near rivulets ; Cen-
tral and Southern Ohio.
. FF. ex Size, inflorescence, and calyptra as in the last;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, costa ceasing near the apex ; capsule oval, somewhat
ique ; operculum rather short-rostrate. —Damp rocks in shaded ravines, &¢-5
commo

4. F. minittulus, Sulliv. Size, inflorescence, and calyptra as in the
two preceding species ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with a transparent wavy bor-
der ; costa vanishing near the summit; capsule oval, erect; operculum rather
long-rostrate. — With the last.

ledw. Somewhat larger than the last three; capsule

ale flowers nu-
merous, axillary. — Moist and shaded banks.
= e. . epaneg. Sulliv. Size, calyptra, inflorescence as in ong 2;
near ostate to the apex, mails, repand-dent
oe margins of the As lamina, denticulate on
opaque; capsule elliptic-oblong, eT (Mem. A
171, t. 2.) —Damp ground, 8. Carolina, Ravene

ae ie; Tia pen
ag ay n. ser., 4,

‘ Cae

7. F. osmundioides, Hedw. Stems oe, v= bigh, branched;

5:
q
a

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 25

leaves oblong, sees apiculate, the costa vanishing near the apex; capsule
oval-oblong, erect 0 sane €; operculum long-rostrate ; calyptra subulate from
a mitriform lobed os ; inflorescence as in No. 2.—On the roots of trees, in
swamps. (Eu.)
* * Fruit axillary.
. F. subbasilaris, Hedw. Stems 5'’-10" high, densely cmspitose,
radiculose, branched ; leaves pre ng, obtuse, erat erodéd-dentic-
ulate at the summit, near which the costa vanishes; capsule erect, ovat oblong
on a pedicel arising pena near the base of the stem; peaicaienk m long-rostrate ;
ealyptra cuculliform. — On decayed logs and trees, near the groun
9. F. taxifolius, Hedw. Stems 5-8! high, branched and fasciculate

moneecious; male flower gemmiform at the base of the fertile stem. —
in sandy soil. se 15.) (Eu.

10. F. a toides, Hedw. Stems much branched, 1/-3! long; leaves
Sed haccotnte pene or 3 rows of the marginal cellules transparent ;
costa percurrent; capsule oval-oblong, inclined ; pedicel from the middie of the
stem ; operculum and calyptra as in No. 8; inflorescence as in No. 5.— Shaded
moist places, on the ground, and on wet rocks.

11. F. ee Hedw. Stems broad, 1-2’ high; leaves ovate-

1 tad_ahionn

; to apex; capsule
abotats-obloeg:s jpceuilk subulate-rostrate from a large rather hemispherical
base ; pedicel short, flexuous, arising from the upper a of the stem; calyptra
cuculliform : dicecious. — Wet rocks, Georgia, Lesquereux.

12. F. gra ns, Stems erect, 2’—3! high, sparingly branched ;
cigs thea thick, composed of beveral strata of see the cos

ing
ache et flower and fruit unknown. — Niag ws periment side),
n the perpendicular faces of rocks, moistened by pei spray. (Eu.)

18. CONOMAITRIUM, Montagne. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra small, ara gaps arian et lobed at th Opere:
hemispher eal apiculate. Capsule immersed spherical, nearly sessile, exan-
nulate. Peristome none. my ILS moncceious or hermaphrodite: para-
physes globosely distended at the apex.—-A genus, by its feeble dehiscence, ;
globose capsule, and the characters of vegetation, forming an intermediate
link between Physcomitrella among Cleistocarpous, and Physcomitrium
among Stegocarpous Mosses. er from doavic, unapparent, and pijj}pa,
rupture, or suture ; i. e. dehiseence obscure.

1. C. Juliamum, Mont. ae: 2'-5! long, filiform, floating, much
7 — distant, linear-lanceolate, acute, costate to the apex; capsule
obconii into a short pedicel, the two together scarcely ioc than the
senshi whose rostrum only is covered by the calyptra.--Ohio and south»
ward, attached to stones in shallow brooks, &c. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.) .
53

26 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

Trarse VI. TRICHOSTOMEZ.

19. TRICHOSTOMUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. 15.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostrate. Capsule oval or cylindr-
cal, mostly erect, a8 auneemal Peristome single: teeth 32, linear, approxi-
mate in pairs. rescence various. “—Filants growing on the ground or on
stones, of a rather rigid habit; stems simple or dichotomously divided ; leaves
varying from lanceolate to Tiiseubiscate hats, costate to or beyond the apex ;
areolation loose below, dense and roundish above. (Name from 6pié, a hair,
and gréua, a mouth, in allusion to the capillary teeth of the peristome.)

T. tértile, Schrad. Stems mostly simple, 3!’- 5" high; leaves lance-
olate-subulate, spreading, often subsecund, reflexed on the margin; costa excur-
rent; capsule cylindrical ; operculum shortly rostrate; annulus simple: dicecious ;
male flower terminal. — Road-sides, clay-banks: frequent. (Tab. 15.) (Eu.)

2. T. ténue, Hedw. pean from small forms of the last, which

it much resembles, mainly by its large double annulus, me and brownish-red
eapsule, and the plane (not abso, margin of the leaf. — Pennsylvania, accord-
ing to Hedwig. (Eu.

3. T. vAaginans, Sulliv. Stems 6-10" high, slender; stem-leaves
erect, appressed, ovate-lanceolate; the perichetial leaves po Peiins apeadtins
at the mg and exc cal

uated, spreadin x, the costa st sule
oval-oblong ; teeth the peristome short, anastomosing in pairs; annulus
double, very large, its width equal to half the length of the teeth ; pedicel slen-
der, flexuous; operculum elongated-conic, obtuse ; ere

Sides of ditches and roads Pomsian. ai New England.

4. ee pallidum, Hedw. Stems short, 3! -4!! leaves long-seta-

ceolate base ; costa broad, excurrent, denticulate at the apex;

cee oblong-elliptic. — Clayey grounds; frequent. — Conspicuous by 2 nu-

merous, iy (1}'-2! high) straw-colored pedicels; moncecious; male flower
gem in the axils of the upper leaves. (Eu.)

5. . veiusbicoms: Hedw. Stems densely cxspitose, 6-10" high,

fastigiately branched ; lower leaves small, remote, lanceolate ; the upper larger,

20. pierces Hedw. (Tab. 15.)
Cat enculliform. Operculum subulate-conic. Capsule oval-oblon

rescence various. — In habit, ramification, texture, and mostly in the form of the
leaves, allied closely to Trichostomum : differing chiefly in the torsion of the
peristome. (Name a diminutive of barta, beard, in

allusion te the capillary

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 27

* Teeth i the peristome arising from a short basilar membrane.

1. B. unguiculata, Hedw. Stems }/- 1! high, branched ; leaves crect-
patent, * Singin rather obtuse, shortly eas by the excurrent costa,
revolute on the margins; capsule cylindrical, erect; annulus none: dicecious ;

wer terminal. a ey soil, &c.; frequent. (Tab, 15.) (Eu

, cx » Schwegr. Stems short, condensed; leaves crowded,
linear-oblong, shortly acuminate, cuspidate by the slightly excurrent costa, un-
dulate on the margins ; ee cylindrical, erect or subarcuate ; annulus none :
moneecious ; male flower axillary. — Woods, about the roots of trees. — Readily

known by its pale-green dai and yellow capsule with a red operculum. (Eu.)

3. B. convola H Stems short, crowded ; leaves spreading, ob-
long-ianceolate, rather obtuse, the margins plane; costa ceasing at or below the
ch

apex; perichetial leaves oblong, almost truncate, convolute, the upper
eae capsule —? oblique ; annulus distinct ; pedicel - high) ney
low; — Raccoon Mts., Alabama, Lesquereuz.

4. B. tortudsa b. & Mo Stems 1/-3! high, aiesaicaadly
branched ; leaves very long, linear-lanceolate, spreading, flexuose, undulated on
the margins, crisped when dry, costa slightly excurrent; caps ae cylindrical,
inclined : dicecious.— On rocks, Alloghisty Mountains. — One of the largest
species of the genus. ( is

5. B. iekeei te . Stems loosely czspitose, 1’-2! long, branched ;
leaves long, from a broad panrnint base, 8 arrose-recurved, narrowly lan

late, denticulate dees eae crisped when dry, longer and crowded at the
s below Faded costa slightly excurrent.
(Caps le ind slightly i soiliaad annulus simple: diccious. B ur.)

ry. E
amp, a quarter of a mile south of Lebanon, Wilson
County, i auniates Robinson, 1842. Without fruit. (Eu.)

* * Teeth of the ai arising ge a long tubular and tessellated membrane.

6. B. mucronifolia, Br. & Sch. Stems short and thick; leaves con-
densed, oblong or obovate-oblong, mucronate by the excurrent costa; capsule
cylindrical, regular or slightly curved ; oo double ; ose re short:
inflorescence as in No. 2.— y ms, &e.; frequent. (Eu.)

7. B. ruralis, Hedw. Stems 1/-3’ Fak branched, loose; leaves squar-
rose-recurved, oblong or obovate, very obtuse, concave-carinate, reflexed on the
ge epee — into a s Tong, spinul nee white, capillary point;

: dicecious. — On By

htl arcuate, ann

Nahant, Massachusetts, D. ini Texas, Wright.

* * * Inflorescence and fruit unknown.
8. B. papilldésa, Wils. Stems short (3-4! high), thick, crowded ;_
hortly

u
to 5 clustered roundish green cellules. — (Pottia Russellii, Sulliv. mss., has: -
of Elm trees, Mass., J. L. Russell, 1843; common. — Until lately com
sidered a gemmiparous state of the last species. (Eu.)

28 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

21. agi slo Brid. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, obtusely rostrate. Capsule oval
eblong or cylindrical, paren: a -pedicellate. Peristome single: teeth 16,
snbulate; 2 —3-cleft, u y a basilar membrane. Inflorescence moncecious
or dicecious. — Plants ag rather low stature, growing on the ground or on rocks,
in general habit, ramification, and structure of leaves having much in common
with Trichostomum and Barbula. — (Name from dopa, -aros, a band, and ddav,
@ tooth, in allusion to the membrane uniting the teeth.

1. D. arenhkceus, Sulliv. & Les sqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 93.)
Stems 2-3" high, gregarious; leaves oblong, Rauelotin: very phen: slightly
denticulate at the apex ; apiculate by the excurrent costa; ca apsule cylindrical,
tapering into the pedicel (4”-5! long) ; annulus simple, persistent ; teeth of the
peristome 2-cleft, straight, white. — Sandstone rocks, Ohio. — r D, flavicans,

Obius, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 94.)
Semis 3. 5" high, fastigiately branched ; leaves erect, Binasied-obloher, very
obtuse, carinate-concave, narrowly aban on the margins; areolation minute,
nga ak dot-like above, larger oblong and pellucid below; ae excurr sii —
oth white hair-point nearly as long as the leaf; yli
its ios orange-red ; operculum 3 the length of the capsule; teeth of the peri-
y , more or less cloven along the medial line; annulus he :
diecious. (Barbula muralis, James; not of Hedw.) — Grows in hoary le-
green and dense patches, on brick pavements, Charleston, S. Carolina, Rave
on the walls of the College at Nashville, Tennessee, Lesquereux. (Tab. 16.)

22. DIDYMODON, Br.&Sch. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic, shortly and obtusely rostrate. Cap-
sule nec annulate, long-pedicellate. Peristome single: teeth 16,
se ear-lanceolate, entire, or more or less bifid, rather short, fugacious, and with-

rane. Inflorescence various. — Very nearly allied to the last
genus; and it is questionable if either is es to rank higher t

han as a section
of Trichostomum,

(Name from didvpos, twin, and ddév, a tooth.) (Tab. 16.)

1. D. rubéllus, Br. & Stems }/~1/ high, loosely cxespitose ; leaves
sprea — oblong-lanceolate, recurved on the margins, costate to the apex, the
upper ones dull-green, the lower reddish; annulus simple ; antheridia naked in
the ails of the perichztial leaves. — Pennsylvania, on the ground ; rare
(Tab. 16.) (Eu.)

2. D. Iiiridus, Hornsch. Rather panna than the last; leaves Iurid-
‘green, rigid, ovate-lanceolate, with a reddish-br wn costa, ceasing at the apex ;
peristome minute, — male flower ended on a separate plant. — Falls

(Eu.)

of Niagara, Drum
Tre VI. DISTICHIES.
23. DISTICHIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. 16.)
- Calyptra cuculliform, a Operculum conic, short. Capsule oval-

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 29

blong or Lega eH 92 aR eames single: isa *
linear-lanceolate, more or less cloven and perforated. Infl

— Alpine s ee growing upon moist rocks ; stems densely czspitose, dichoto-
mously branched, with distichous al subulate-setaceous costate leaves, of an
areolation dense roundish above, ey diaphanous sion (Name from
dierixos, two-raniced, referring to the leaves.)

1. D. capillaceum, Br. & Sch. Stems 1/-2! high; leaves eek
long-subulate from a dilated sheathing base, spreading, flexuose, the co
current ; capsule subcylindrical, erect ; antheridia axillary, naked. Neale
shore of Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Tab.16.) (Eu.)

2. D. inclinatam, Br. & Sch. Not so tall as the last; leaves more

d and narrower, the perichetial ones 3-ranked ; capsule cernuous, oval ;
anterd with perigonial leaves. — Northern shore of oe Superior, Agas-

24. EUSTICHIUM, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 16.)

1. E. Norvégicum, Bryol. Europ. Stems spent flat, mostly sim-
ve (about 1! long and 1” broad), rooting only at the bulb-like base; leaves 2-
sed, complicate, closely imbricating, erect ; those on the midale of the stem
socsinds chad: obliquely truncate, shortly acuminate, increasing in size as
they ascend ; the perichzetial leaves attenuated into a long and linear, oe
pellucid, flat, equitant, and slightly serrulate point longer than the lam
olation above subrotund, below oblong, that of the point of a6 perichati

cos

h kinds terminal: fruit unknown.— Pendent on the perpendicular
faces of sandstone rocks, six miles south of Lancaster, Fairfield iy Ohio.
— The only other certain habitat recorded for this very interesting Moss is Ice-
land. That of Norway is apparently a mistake. — It is probably das _
to Fissidens. (Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 3. p. 57. t. 1.) (Tab. 16

Tre IX. POTTIEA.

5. POTTIA, Ebrh. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum depressed-conic, more or less rostrate.
ct obovate-truncate or oval-oblong, exserted or immersed. Peri
cence moncecious: male cae! axillary. — Small annual or
biennial aioe growing on newly exposed soil, with entire ovate-oblong or
obovate-lanceolate and rather broadly costate satin of a ee or rectan-
gular eeealevenaate enlarged at the base. (Named in memory of Professor dF
botanist.)

1. Pataca, Br. & Sch. Stems 2-4" high, gregarious, simple or
ed

nostomum truncatulum, Hedw.) — On the ground, New England and veut
vania. (Tab.16.) (Eu.)
«58%

30 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)
Tre X. TETRAPHIDES.

26. ivsloed tdas Hedw. (Tab. 16)

lyptra mitriform irregularly plicate, lacerate at the base. Opereu

lam acutely onic. its subcylindrical, long-pedicellate. Peristome single :

teeth 4, thres-sided, aan time: longitudinally striated on the back,

not anticulaiet. Infl cecious: male flower gemmiform, terminal.

rennial, eerie on id tosis Seaied wood ; stems slender, simple or ries

ing wt their apex leafy cup-shaped receptacles filled with lentiform

pedicelled gemmez ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-ranked, costate, with an hexag-
onal-rotund areolation. (Name from rérpa, four, and vs, produced.)

1. T. pellacida, Hedw. Stems }/-1' high, aed tufted, reddish be

low, light green above.— Woods; common. (Tab.16.) (Eu.)

27%. TETRODONTIUM, Schweer.

alyptra large, mitriform, plicate, laciniate at the base, sometimes split on
one side to the apex. Operculum conic. Capsule oval, exsertly pedicellate,
Peristome as in Tetraphis, but the teeth shorter. Inflorescence moncecious:

male flower gemmiform, terminal. — Minute bulb-like sc Abas upon
— aya ‘rom ‘Tetraphis chi i in habte Say structure of the foliage),
te leaves, ann at the base

leafy flagellif hlets, or Se linear-clavate frondose pro-

cesses, sometimes trifid at : the apex. — aane from rérpa, four, and édev, tooth.)
Funk. Frondose processes very rare; pedicel 3/-
5! oe mouth of pos capsule repand or notched between the teeth. — Damp
shaded situations, m the ground near the “Glen House,’ Gorham, White
tains of New Hampshire, James. (E

Tre XI. ENCALYPTEZR.

28. ENCALYPTA, Schreber. (Tab. 16.)

Cabspien large, cylindrical-campanulate, longer than the gm subulate-

rostrate, uneven or fringed at the prt opine m conic, with a long slender
subclavellate rostrum. Capsule ted-ovate-cylindrical, Le duacea*
Peristome variable, either absent, Pe or double. Inflorescence moncecious oF
diceecious. — A wi genus, approaching in habit and ‘is of growth
the larger species of Barbula.— (Name from évxadumrés, covered with a veil,
in allusion to the remarkably large calyptra.)
ae, Hedw. Stems }/-1' high, thick, radiculose, simple or
branched ; leaves rather large, crowded, recurved-spreading, oblong-
ovate or ligulate, shortly — slightly concave, rather undulate on the
margin, somewhat crenulate near the apex ; arcolation dot-like, granulose above,

istome single, with 16 lancnolate distantly articulated teeth, without a medial

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 31

line, capsule smooth; annulus none; calyptra fringed at the base: moncecious ;
male flower gemmiform, axillary, — Rocks, Lake Superior, Agassiz: Jefferson
County, New York. (Eu.)

E. rhabdocarpa, Schweegr. Differs from the last by its longer-
pointed or piliferous leaves, and longitudinally ribbed capsule; annulus present;
calyptra not fringed at the base; peristome and inflorescence the same. — British
America, Drensubd: (Tab. 16 ) (B.)

ag omm ta, Nees & Hornsch. Stems more slender than in No.
lea subsquarrose, ovate-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, concave,
Robie on the margin; areol very small; costa excurrent; capsule smooth ;
peristome none; annulus simple; base of the calyptra uneven, not fringed : mo-
neecious. — British America, Drummond, (Eu.)
4. streptocirpa, Hedw., Stems more elongated than in No. 1;
leaves not so spreading, a" costate to the obtuse or cucullate apex ; cap-

sule spirally ribbed; peristome double; teeth 16, filiform, nodose; annulus
compound ; calyptra Coe at the apex, crenate at the base; inflorescence
dicecious. — British America, Drummond.— The Alleghany specimens usually

referred to this species are without fruit, and hence doubtful. (Eu.)

29. SYRRHOPODON, Schwezgr. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra large, campanulate-conic, rostrate, cloven on one side.
rostrum

ice P

without a medial line, short, nearly horizontal, inserted below the mouth of the
capsule. Inflorescence dicecious or monecious. epee plants (the tropical
representatives of Encalyptex), with densely cxspitose simple or dichotomously
branched stems, and costate elongated- a leaves, from a — sheathing
base composed of large pellucid rectangular ich el are minu
opaque, and granulose. (Name from my ate connivent, and addr, a tooth,
alluding to the horizontal position of the teeth of the peristome.

1. S. Floridanus, Sulliv. Stems about 1’ high; leaves erect-patent
from an amplexicaul base; the margins convolute, thickened, more or less nar-

si

‘a
&
4
=;
4

=)
3

2
“3
oe.
a
Cleo
3.5
ae

3
if
&

apex. , No. 37.) — Northern
shore of the Gulf of Mexico; also Florida: frequent. (Tab. 16.)

Tre XI. ZYGODONTEX.

30. ZYGODON, Hook & Tayl. (Tab. 16.)
Calyptra small, cuculliform, smooth, oblique. Operculum obliquely rostrate

from a conic base. — eae apophysate, striated, on a rather short
pedicel, immersed or tome either — single, or absent; when

species, growing on trees or on rocks, in large patches; stems with fastigiate
branches, fertile at the apex; leaves linear-lanceolote, carinate, continuously
G. M. 3

32 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

castate, plane on the margins ; areolm above guttulate; below, enlarged oblong.

{Name from {vyés, a pair, and é8er, teeth, in allusion to the paired teeth.}
Lappénicus, Br. & Sch. Stems }’-1/ high, radiculose ; leaves

spreading, crisped when dry; capsule scarcely exserted, 8-ribbed ; peristome

none: moneecious; male flower gemmiform. — Rocks, on the White ae

of New Hampshire, Oakes: Alleghany Mienake of Pennsylvania, Lesquer

(Tab. 16.) (Eu.)

2. Z Mougeétii, Br. & Sch. More elongated and branched than No.
1; differing chiefly in its narrower and less concave perichetial leaves twice as
long, the longer rostrum to the operculum, and the dicecious inflorescence. —
With No. 1, in similar places, according to Mr. Th. P. James, (Eu.

3. Z. Sullivantii, Mull. Stems 1/-2 high, slender, with long filiform
branches ; leaves subsquarrose from an erect half-clasping base, complicate-con-
cave; the margins below recurved, above plane and shite serrate ; fruit
unknown. — (Syrrhopodon excelsus, Sulliv. Muse. Alleghan., No. 170.) —No
Carolina; on rocks, top of Grandfather aseiith, ome $ Sullivant : Black

—

31. DRUMMONDIA, Hook. (Tab, 16.)

Calyptra large, cuculliform, rostrate, slightly plicate at the base, and papillose
at the apex. ,Operculum obliquely long-rostrate from a convex base. Capsule
globose-oval or wine obovate, exsertly pedicellate. oe single: teeth
16, very short, truncate. Inflorescence dicwcious: male flow iform.—
Perennial, growing on pone stems prostrate ana up numerous short

ranches, bearing fruit on their a leaves oblong, costate; areolz minute,
roundish. — (Named after the late Tho abt oom who made extensive and
very valuable collections of North American Mosses.)

i claveliata, Hook. Stems 2/-4! | g, creeping, densely covered
with ne Nesities crowded, erect, 2! -— - highs soup close, erect-patent,
shortly acuminate; costa ceasing with the apex. nd
thin mats (3/-10! in diameter), on the bark of trees ae the Beech),
Northern, Middle, and Western States. (Tab. 16.)

Trisz XII. ORTHOTRICHESA.

32. ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra large, campanulate, longitudinally plaited, crenate-lacerate at the
base, hairy or glabrous. Operculum short, conic, rostellate. _ pyriform,
6

me single or double, ae wanting; the
outer 16 teeth, with a medial ie ost in pairs (often ae ed when dry) 5
the inner 8 or 16 cilia. Inflorescence moneecious or dicecious; male flower
gemmiform. — Perennial plants, growing in roundish shinee tufts, cn trees
or rocks, never on soil; stems usually erect, simple or branched by innovations,
fertile at their summit; leaves crowded, elongated, costate nearly to

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 33

spreading, entire, usnally revolute on the margins, of a minute dot-like 1
tion, except at the marginal base, the areole there being lagi, te rectangular, and
— (Name from i Bh and 6pi£, rpixés, a hair, in allusion to the
traight hairs on the calyptra
6 1. Capsule immersed or a exserted. a asa in No. 5 and 6).
* Peristome single: cilia wa

5 va i Hoffm. Stems ne wae: - ha leaves lanceolate,
keeled p with 16 striz ; teeth of the peristome nearly equidis-
tant; ‘sil sparsely balsy's ; male nine terminal. — On rocks, Niagara Falls,
Drummond: Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu.

2. @. Stiarmii, Hoppe & Hornsch. Very like the last species ; but its im-
mersed and obovate capsule is indistinctly 8-striated ; the male flower axillary. —
Texas, Wright. (Eu.)

3. nai oer cine Hedw. Separated from the preceding (to which it

ly) mainly by its exserted and distinctly S-striated ¢ capsule. —
Wicks; near ‘Daten, Mass., Lesquereux: Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu.)
xanrum, Sulliv. Larger than No. 2, which it Re but
its immersed capsule is oblong-pyriform and distinctly 8-striated ; teeth of the
_ peristome in pairs ; calyptra very hairy ; leaves longer, narrower, and more re-
curved-spreading. — Texas, Wright: Santa Fé, New Mexico, Fendler.

* * Peristome double.

0. obtusifolium, Schrad. Stems 6-10" ea leaves when moist
erect-patent, not recurved, ligulate from an oblong base, obtuse, concave, some-
what convolute on ae — anid papillose, a costa vanishing much
below the point; cap oblong-pyriform, the long apophysis gradu
pis me into the very short pedicet 5 cilia of the peristome 8, composed of

of cellules half as wide as the teeth; calyptra glabrous. — Trees, Cam-
ne ilcincidaie Lesquereux. (Eu.)
6. O. exiguum, Sulliv. Nearly related to No. 5, but much smaller;
stems 3-5! high; leaves more acute, scarcely papillose: costa stouter, extend-
ing to the point; the arcolee at the base not so enlarged; capsule oval; the —
apophysis rather short; pedicel longer ; cilia of the peristome 8, carinate, com-
_ posed of two rows of Sitio fully as 88 as the teeth; operculum convex,
apiculate. — Base of trees, Santee Canal, South Carolina, Ravenel. — The small-
est of our Orthotricha. — This and the related species have, scattered on the
surface of their leaves, a few articulated excrescences (Conferva Orthotrichi).

7. O Régeri, Brid. Leaves ——— when moist narrowly
ligulate from a ventricose concave base, canali , plane on the margins
above, revolute below, somewhat acute a a os apex; capsule and calyptra as in
No. 5; cilia 8, simple, filiform. — Trees, Lake Superior, Agassiz. (Eu.)

8. O. strangulatum, Beauv. Stems short, compact; leaves broadly
- ovate-lanceolate, carinate, somewhat obtuse, the margins strongly reflexed ; cap-
sule — somewhat beh immersed, very much constricted below
mouth when dry; cilia of the peristome as in the last; calyptra hairy. — On
trees; ie common.

. 34 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

9. O. Canadénse, Br: & Sch. Differs from the preceding species in its
‘more acute leaves, its shortly-exserted capsule smaller and not so constricted
under the mouth, and. in the 16 cilia of the inner peristome.— Central Ohio:
rare; on trees.

10. O. affime, Schrad. Larger and coarser than any of the foregoing ;
leaves ence rather obtuse, revolute (the upper ones rather undulate)

n the margins, strongly papillose on both surfaces ; capsule elliptic-oblong with

a neo apophysis, emersed ; cilia as in No. 7; calyptra slightly hairy, green-
ish. — Lake Superi q

11. O. specidsum, Nees. Stems elongated, 1’-2' high, loosely ezspi-
tose ; leaves lanceolate, keeled, with recurved margins ; capsule shortly exserted,
tapering into the pedicel, indistinctly striated, when dry ribbed near the mouth
only; cilia of sah eal 8; calyptra large, very hairy. — Trees; on banks of
the St. Lawrence River. (Et.)

12. O. lei PO EaEE » Br. & Sch. Size and mode of growth much as in
the last ; — dietountabed by its papenle-s without striae, and entirely smooth

when dry; an y the 16 large cilia of the peristome. — Trees,
Lake tom yoo (Eu.)

’

§ 2. Capsule much exserted. Monccious.

13. O. Ludwigii, Schwegr. Stems mostly decumbent ; leaves linear-

lanceolate, somewhat fasciculate, when dry slightly twisted, the margins plane or

slightly undalate ; ite ear pyriform, nas dry very much contracted and plicate

at the mout er peristome absent; calyptra moderately hairy, laciniate at

big: Bee trees, Alleghany i. (En.)

. O. Hutchimsia, Smith. Stems aggregated in rather loose tufts ;

Sites ope carinate, scarcely reflexed on the margins, when dry erect-ap-

ot twisted ; capsule subclavate, with 8 broad strie, the apophysis grad-

ually pace into the long pedicel; cilia of the peristome 8; calyptra large,

copiously hairy. — Rocks ; common in mountainons districts. (Tab. 16.) (Eu-)

15. O. crispuma, Hedw. Stems closely tufted ; leaves linear-lanceolate
from a dilated base, much contorted and crisped when dry, ges undulated ;
capsule clavate, when dry constricted under the mouth, with 8 strong ribs con-

tinned down the very long tapering apophysis ; peristome with 8 cilia of a dou-

ble row of cellules ; calyptra very hairy; sporules brown. — Trees, Alleghany

Mountains. i )

16. ©. crispulwum, Hornsch. More delicate than the last; leaves mar-
rower and oo peer when dry ; capsule shorter, pale, of thin texture, when
dry not contracted below the mouth, its ribs less distinct; apophysis shorter,
passing naga abruptly into the pedicel; sporules green rees, Alleghany
Mountains. En.)

172.0, Sea Brid. Very closely allied to the last two species ; fro
No. 15 it differs in its less crisped leaves, and deeper-colored larger pee
from No. 16, by the narrowed mouth of the eapsule and the much longer apor
physis; from both by its longer pedicel, and the cilia of the peristome of but
one row of eellules. — White Mountains, N. Hampshire, Oakes: rare. (Ea.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 36

33. MACROMITRIUM, Brid. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra large, conic-mitriform, email plicate or suleate, more or less
laciniate at the base, hairy or glabrous. QOperculum subulate-rostrate from a
tonic base. Ca apsule erect-ovate, sai or oblong, long-pedicellate. Peristome
double or single, sometimes wanting ; the exterior 16 teeth lanceolate, usually

mb
base into 16 or more cilia. — Stems creeping ; branches erect, crowded, fertile
at their summit; leaves ations ementerd costate, with a dense
and minute dot-like areolation above, enlarge d rectangular and pellucid below.
(Name from paxpés, long, we #Tpiov, a veil, referring to the very large aie)
régei, Hochstetter ? sin slender, 1/-2' long, creepin

pinnately branched ; branches s rect; leaves crowded, erect-patent, pres:
lanceolate, papillose, recurved on et margins, ventricose-concave at , cana-
liculate above; capsule oval-oblong; peristome single (the exterior waning}
short truncate membrane ; calyptra hairy. — Top of Jonah Mo ountain, Georgia,
Le n the bark of old pine-trees. — We have seen Cape of Good Hope
specimens epanciity identical with ours, referred doubtfully to M. tenue and
M. Dregei. (Tab. 16.)

34. SCHLOTHEIMEA, Brid. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra large, conic-mitriform, scabrous at the apex, with 4 or more inflexed

ode of growth, habit, and structure of leaves very much as in the last genus :
both genera being the tropical analogues of Orthotrichum, and remarkable for
the i aoe or reddish-brown color usually predominant in their foliage. —
(Named ount Schlotheis

i. S. oo C. Mull. Moneecious; branches short; leaves very
crowded, ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, delnonib anchuline above, the costa ceas-
ing below the point. — Grows in compact, gi dark-brown mats, on trees. —

wer portion of the Southern States. (Tab. 1

Tre XIV. PTYCHOMITRIES.

35. PT YCHOMITRIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra campanulate, plicate, deeply laciniate at the base. Operculum coni
subulate. Capsule oval, erect, annulate, pedicellate. Peris na single: teeth
16, perforated or fissile into two unequal filiform segments. Inflorescence mo-
necious. — Perennial plants, growing on rocks and trees: in habit and aspect
intermediate between Orthotrichum and Grimmia. — (Name from mrv&, rriyou,
a fold, and perpior, a veil, referring to the plicate calyptra.)

1. P. incarvum, Schweer. ms 2/'-3! high, — —
crowded, ohio. aah shige ss meres at the obtuse
what cu t, of a rather perc a

>

36 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

nte and wh

ture, d Ilules ; capsule rotund-oval,
its month waall teeth of the peristome bitten a divided to the base; annulus large,
unrolling. — (Muse. Alleghan., No. 135.) — On rocks, Pennsylvania and south-
ward, (Tab. 16.)

rumm6ndii, Hook. & Wils. Somewhat larger than the pre-
ceding; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, crisped when dry; teeth of the peri-
stome more or less perforated, inserted below the mouth of the oblong-oval
capsule; annulus none. — On trees, Southern States.

Trise XV. GRIMMIEZ.

36. SCHISTIDIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra small, not extending to the mouth of the capsule, conic-mitriform and
lacerate at the base, or cuculliform and entire at the base. Operculum oe
smn papillate or shortly rostellate, deciduous with the columella attached.
C roundish-oval, oval-oblong, or obovate, wide-mouthed, deed: with 2
short erect pedicel. Peristome aint teeth 16, lanceolate, cribrose. Inflores-
rowing in circular more or less
(chiefly sascuiatatas’’ stems simple, or dichotomously
branched sd finiaiasa leaves of a rigid and rather brittle texture, crowde
spreading, ovate-lanceolate, aigcangeinis concave below, channelled above, usually
he margins,

costate, mostly tipped with a pellucida hair-
3 areol t ly quadrate, those at the base larger, oblong

_ — (Name from éyiies to split, the base of the calyptra being ‘
ated.)

cin
1, S. apocarpum, Br. & Sch. Loosely cxspitose ; stems 4-1! long,

upper leaves usually with white points; capsule elliptical, firm; teeth of peri-

stome sometimes entire, pigs -red; annulus none; calyptra 5-lobed at the

mon. ~-Molings blackish-green ; subject to numerous
forms, Jelldine: on cade. (Tab. 16.) (Eu.)

twice rocks near the sea, Eastport,
as. PY Sag i "Riess

3. S. confértum, Br. & Sch. necro No. 1 exceedingly ; tufts more
compact ; leaves less lurid, their margins capsule oval or

ot so recurved ;
roundis h, of at beg inner —— palereoord = Se teeth of the peri-

hair-point ; capsule

; calyptra the same. —
New “oan Oakes. — A variety with eer leaves occurs on the White
‘Mountains. (Eu.)
4.8. am Sulliv. Near the preceding, but has larger and
c-lanceolate patichectial leaves, with a long, flexnons, dentate, pellucid
oval-oblong ; calyptra euculliform. — (M: Acad,

A EE et 170.) — Dry rocks, Santa Fé, N. Mex co, Fendler.

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 37

37. GREMMIA, Ehrh. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra as in Schistidium, but larger and extending below the mouth of the

cay perculum conic-obtuse, or conic-rostrate, deciduous without the colu-
mella. Capsule ovate, oval, or nearly cylindrical, with an erect and curved or
flexuous pedicel. Peris single: teeth 16, lanceolate, cribrose, and 2-3-fi

ove. Inflorescence moneecious or dicecious.— Habit and mode of growth
eth resembling Schistidium and Racomitrium. Habitat, on rocks. —
(Named after Grimm, a German botanist.)

1. G. leucophiza, Grev. Dicecious; stems 6/’-10" high, ee
COMpHOES leaves widely spreading, ovate or ovate-oblong, concave, plane o

annulus large, unrolling ; — um toh: or long conic-rostellate ; calyptra
mitriform, 5-lobed at the base. nd ks, S. Ohio. (Tab. 16.) (Eu.)

meyi, Sulliv. Dicecious; tufts loose, stems 5!’-10! high, yel-
ere -green, dete dhncsslate: gradually tapering into a long diaphanous ser-
rated hair-point; capsule oval or ovate-oval, not ribbed when dry, oblique or

above; annulus compound; operculum with a conic base and an oblique ros-
trum; calypira cuculliform, 2-3-fid at the base. — Rocks, Rhode Island, S. TZ.
Olney. — Approaches closely to G. trichophylla, Grev.; but that is a rather more
slender plant; its leaves longer and more flexuous, with a smooth hair-point;
ect regularly and strongly ribbed when dry, pendulous on a longer and more
rved gore teeth of the enue bifid ; rostrum of the operculum straight;
eae a mitriform ; annulus large
iaiieatiad Schwregr. niortsttent loosely czespitose ; stem

1’ or more long; leaves much as in No. 2, but dark green, and with a stouter
costa; capsule immersed, erect on a pee rt perteses omen = smooth when
dry ; operculum i vcsitts' calyptra mitriform, d.— On rocks, Alle-

ghany Mountains; common: fruit rare. stat ee 8 of the preceding.

onninma, Smith. Monecious; tufts compact, small, hemi
dahicctent, She stems 3-4" high; leaves Gini with a long and
rough hair-point, their margins pine capsule oval-oblong, shortly exserted on
an erect pedicel; annulus rather narrow; operculum conic-obtuse; calyptra mi-
triform, lobed. —(G. obtusa, Schuvegr.) — White Mountains of New Pini,
Oakes. (Eu.)

38. COSCINODON, Spreng. (Tab. 18.)

Capsule large, campanulate, plicate, crenate at the base. sigs um conic,
acute or shortly rostellate. Capsule obovate or oval-oblong, immersed, erect,
short-pedicellate, annulate. Peristome single: teeth 16, Caton lanceolate,
very much cribrose, reflexed when dry. Inflorescence moncecious or dicecions:
male flower gemmiform. — Combines the characters of Orthotrichum and Grim-
mia ; the habit and structure of the foliage being that of the last-named genus,

54

38 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

(Name from xéoxivor, a sieve, and ddav, a tooth, in allusion to the perforated
teeth of the peristome.)
. ©. Wrightii, Sulliv. Monecious ; tufts compact, hoary; stems 3”-
‘ high, clavate ; leaves closely imbricating (the lower smaller, oval, the upper
larger, obovate), very concave, serrate above, suddenly produced into a long
hyaline denticulate hair-point, costate half-way; areole at the base oblong,
x oval, both pellucid, the central ones roundish and chloro-

; nic-acute; annulus large, compound. — s, near San
arcos, Texas, Wright. — C. pulvinatus, its only congener, has a str ar and
longer pedicel, obovate capsule, lanceolate leaves, and is diwcious. (Tab. 18.)

39. RACOMITRIUM, Br. & Sch. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra conic-mitriform, pemes rostrate, Aik and papillose at the apex,

membranous and multi t the base. ercalum conic, with a short or long

subulate rostrum. Ciecdes elliptical, nearly sires cal or ovate-oblong, erect,

smooth, she otiealine Peristome single: teeth 16, 2- oy the Eee
or somewhat cohering. Inflorescence dicecious. — Tall, striking species, the

largest among the Grimmioid Mosses ; stems cuts or irregularly

branched ; rial oblong-lanceolate, with or without a diaphanous hair-point,

costate-carinate; areolx above mostly quadrate, below enlarged, linear, with a

sinuous outline. (Name from pdxos, a shred, and psrpivr, a veil, referring to the
te base of the calyptra.)

§1. DRYPTODON, Br. & Sch.— Ramification dichotomous; the innovations
simple, fastigiate.

1. R. aciculire, Brid. Loosely ote dull green; stems procum-

bent and leafless below, ascending, 1-3! long; leaves crowded, spreading every

way or F secund, orato-obroni, the costs ech below the toothed or entire

y 2-3-fid; operculum long, subulate-rostrate.—On wet rocks, Allegim a
uw

2. BR. Sudéticum, seh & Sch. Patches ‘aber grayish or lurid ; stems
as in the last; leaves fi +t base, spreading, recurved or incurved, linear-
lanceolate, with a rather short denticulate pellucid — capsule small,
oval or elliptic-oblong on a short erect or curved pedicel; operculum shortly
Tostrate. — Exposed rocks, Alleghany Mountains. (Bu).

§2. RACOMITRIUM Propver.— Ramification irregular ; branches ramulose ;
the innovations not fastigiate.

_ 8. R. fasciculare, Brid. Patches loose, of a light green color ; stems
1-2! long, wg inition: branches with numerous fasciculate short
branchlets ; rowded, spreading, linear-lanceolate, tapering, without &
pellucida tri, a reflexed, the areolx above and below elongated and
sinuous ; ee cient; rorraee id = ee piped oe its whole

— Moist rocks,

length ; teet
Alleghany

aan (Tab. 16.) (Ea.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 39

BR. microcarpum, Brid. Tufts rather compact; stems slender,
fasciculately branched, with numerous short branchlets ; leaves yellowish, spread-
iaph

ing

motely serrated hair-point ; areole everywhere elongated and sinuous; capsule
small, ae teeth of the peristome short.— Dry rocks, Alleghany Moun-
tains. (Eu.)

5. Pe wi anuginosum, Brid. Patches loose, extensive, hoary; ste
much elongated (4/-10'), slender, flexuose, fragile, with fasciculate branches ;

sule small, ovate-oval, on a short scabrous pedicel; teeth of peristome very long,
2-cleft, filiform. — Rocks, White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes.

6. peeningrenny Brid. Patches loose, large, yellowish-green or hoary ;
stems 2/—4! long, more or less fasciculately branched; leaves spreading, re-
curved, Bent cy with a short erose-denticulate hair-point, papillose on

h surfaces, the margins recurved; areolation as in No. 5; capsule ovate-
oblong, on a long smooth pedicel ; teeth of the peristome as long as the capsule,
very slender, 2-parted, nodulose. — With the last, Oakes. (Eu.)

Tre XVI. HEDWIGIES.

40. HEDWIGEA, Ebrh. (Tab. 16.)

Calyptra small, conic, smooth, sometimes hai Operculum plano-convex,
witi or without a central papilla. ages shee; erect, entirely immersed,
very short-pedicellate. Peristome none. Inflorescence moncecious: male flowet

mmiform, axillary.— Habit and <e8 S of growth like Schistidium: stems di-
chotomously or irregularly branched; leaves spreading, ovate-lanceola —

ape
margins ; cellules at the central base elongated and subflexuous, elsewhere npr
and quadrate. (Dedicated to the distinguished cryptogamist, J. G. Hedwig.)
1. H. ciliata, Ehrh. Stems 1/-4! long, rooting at the base only; leaves
SESE secund, with a longer or shorter diaphanous point. — On rocks and
ers ; very common, forming large and hoary glaucous-green patches.
he 16.) (Eu.)

Trex XVIL BUXBAUMIES.

41. BUXBAUMIA, Haller. (Tab. 17.)

atk a

late, small, covering the operculum only. Oper-

eakuas small, conic, hes Capsule large, donguted-ovnes; oblique, flat on the
upper side, convex and gibbous underneath, apophysate, long-pedicellate. Peri-

stome double (7); the exterior an irregularly incised membrane, composed of

3 or 4 layers of elongated cellular tissue, or 16 linear moniliform papillose teeth ;
the interior a whitish and conic "igs membrane. Inflorescence monecious:
male flower iform ; antheridium solitary, ish. — Minute annuals or

biennials ; stems scarcely any, partly buried in the soil: leaves few (5 or 6), scale

40 MUSCI. (MOSsES.}

like, broad-ovate, — cut and long-ciliated on the margins, not costate, loose
ly reticulated. (Named after J. C. Buxbaum, an early German botanist.)

1 aphjlla, Haller. Stem and leaves having the appearance of a
minute sity bulb, many times smaller than the capsule with its short cylindri-
cal apophysis; pedicel rather stout, 7/’~10” high, tuberculate.—— New En gland
and New York; rare. (Tab. 17.) (Eu.)

42. DIPHYSCIUM, Weber& Mohr. (Tab. 17.)

root te eons ‘gpa entire at the base, scarcely covering the wen
culum. Capsule large, ovate, oblique, gibbous, subsessile, immersed. eri-
stome ieabie iy: ; the exterior a very narrow cai dentate ring, “ala rudi-
mentary ; the interior as in Buxbaumia. Inflorescence dicecious : male flower
terminal, gemmiform ; antheridia numerous, serena nee bulb-like
mosses, annual or biennial, the sessile capsule forming the principal part; stem
very short, its leaves lingulate, spreading, entire, costate, thick and fleshy; the
petichztial leaves much larger, membranous, erect, lanceolate, ciliate-lacerate at
the point, the costa exeurrent into a long serrulate awn. (Name from dis,
twice, and puoxiov, a vesicle; the wide separation of the thecal and sporangial
membranes giving the appearance of one vesicle within another.)
1. D. folidsuma, Web. & Mobr. Whole plant 3-4" high. — Clayey ot
barren soil; not unfrequent in hilly districts. (Tab. 17.) (Eu

Tre XVI. POLYTRICHEZ.
43. ATRICHUM, Beauv. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra iota cuculliform, naked, spinulose at the apex. Operculd
hemispherical at the base, with a long slender rostrum. Capsule cylindrical or
oblong, nearly erect, slightly arcuate, ek -pedicellate. Peristome single: tect
32, enots, ligulate, obtuse, incurved and Syoepie = their roucaunetes to the kit?

leaves small below, much larger and elongated above, crisped when dry, of 4
minute firm hexagonal areolation, the percurrent costa bearing on its upper sur
face 2 or 3 narrow lamella. — (Name from a privative, and Opié, rptxds, « hair,
in allusion to the naked tra.)
ndnlat Be: Stems erect, mostly simple; leaves long
Tgnate lanceolate undulate, spinulose-toothed, narrowly margined, the ¢cost®
cs with 2-4 narrow lamelle. (Catherinea undulata, Brid. )— Moist clay-banks,
in hilly distri rare. — Moneecious : fertile flower terminal on a prolongation
of the axis oy the sterile ae ba
2. A. angustatum, More slender than the preceding ; leaves
narrower, more densely eda not denticulate below the middle, the cost®
with more numerous and broader Jamelle.— Shady woods, and center
_. SWamps ; commot..-— Dicecious : male flower terminal. " (ab. 17.) Eu.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 41

3. A. crispum, T.P. James. More robust than either of the foregoing ;
stems simple, lower leaves small, somewhat spatulate; the upper much larger,
oblung-lanceolate, inclining to spatulate, slightly undulate, with a thickened den-

er, the costa percurrent, scarcely lamellate ; areolw rather large, hexag-

the peristome very short, somewhat irregular; pedicel stout, red: dicecious. —
Banks of small streams, New Jersey, James. — A very distinct species.

44. POGONATUM, Beauv. Harr-car Moss. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra cuculliform, very hairy ; the hairs forming a dense mat, covering the
whole capsule. Operculum rostellate from a convex base. Inflorescence dicw-
cious: male flower cup-shaped. — Mode of growth as in Atrichum; leaves more
rigid, spreading from a sheathing base, lanceolate, the costa below narrow, above
very broad and covered with numerous crowded lamellx.— (Name from mayer,
a beard ; from the hairy calyptra

%* Stems extremely short
. P. brevicatile, Brid. Stems 2-3" hi gh; leaves few, erect-ap-
oe ed, the lower ovate-acute, the upper narrowly lanceolate from a broad base,
erose-denticulate above ; capsule cylindrical, erect ; operculum shortly rostellate ;
calyptra whitish. ic Midian clayey banks, Eastern States and westward. — The
ground around is always covered by a green stratum of confervoid filaments.

2. P. peti shcatheraions — Much like the last; stems shorter;
leaves oval-oblong, obtuse blong, cernuous ; calyptra brownie,
— On the ground, vobi-aiien, ped noethien eases:

* Stems elongated. (Alpine species.)

. P. urnige vain Brid. Stems divided above; leaves lanceolate from
a short sheathing base, pointed, serrate, the lamelle of the costa abruptly thick-
ened on their borders; capsule RPL the surface granulated. — White
Mountains, New Hampshire. — Plant 2'-4! high. (Tab. 17.) (Eu.

apillare, Brid. Va? like the preceding, but a smaller plant;

iesvel ss approaching to spatulate, pointed, more loosely placed on the
stem ; pedicels more slender; rostrum of the operculum rather flexuous; teeth
of the peristome more linear, their basal membrane conspicuously emergent. —
White Macias New Hampshire.

5. P. alpinum, Brid. Stems much elongated, Priests: branched
above ; leaves linear-lanceolate from a long sheathing base, serrate; lameliz of
the costa gradually thickened at their margins; aus erect or oblique, oval-
portin the surface smooth.— White Mountains, New Hampshire.— Larger
than any of the above. (Eu.)

45. POLYTRICHUM, Brid. Harr-car Moss. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra and operculum as in the last. Capsule 4-6-sided, oblong or ovate,
with a discoid nat erect (when dry horizontal), ap -pedicellate. Peri-
stome single: te +— otherwise as in um; with the inflorescence and

e of growth rn os showy Mosses, among the largest of the

42 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

sss stems firm from a suberect rhizoma (hence forming more compact

tufts), almost woody, triangular, dark purple, shining ; leaves rigid and coria-

ceous, raat below sheathing, ade spreading, and mostly occupied

by the broad lamelligerous costa. (Name from modus, many, and Opis, rptxds,
a hair ; from the hairy covering of the at ong )

1. P. commiiine, Linn. Stems erect, mostly simple ; leaves —

el -clef

or recurved, flat, serrate on the margins and back ; the lamella somewhat 2-cleft
at pay margins ; capsule oblong, 4-sided, the angles acute; — ou

te from a convex base. — y moist places; common. — Plant 6’ -12’
a (Tab. 17.) (Eu.)

2. P. formosum, Hedw. Differs from the preceding by its longer and
slightly curved capsule with obtuse angles, a smaller obconic apophysis tapering
into the pedicel, and the conical operculum. — Woods, around the base of trees,
&e. (Eu.)

racile, Menzies. Usually somewhat smaller than No. 1 or 2;
capsule ovate, 4-6-sided, obtuse-angled; operculum long-rostrate; the hairy
covering of the calyptra shorter than the c uals spores larger; basal mem-
brane of the peristome not emergent. — Boggy places, Ipswich, Massachusetts,
Oukes, (Eu ae
_ 4. P. juniperinum, Hedw. Stem simple or divided ;. leaves linear-

lanceolate, awn-pointed, densa on the back, the margins inflexed, entire ;

capsule and operculum as in No. 1.— Var. stricrum. Stems elongated, slen-
der ; leaves appressed; capsule . al.— Margins of woods, in exposed places,
&c.— Plant 4'-7! high; the variety subalpine. u.)

5. P. piliferuma, Schreb. Stems simple; leaves clustered at the sum-
oe lanceolate, the margins inflexed, entire; costa excurrent into a long diaph-
anous and spinulose awn; capsule ovate-oblong, jaied: operculum conical,
rostrate.— Rocky places, in mountainous districts. — Plant 2/-4/ high. (Eu.)

Trine XIX. BRYEX.

46. TiM MIA, Hedw. (Tab. 17.)
amas tra large, cuculliform. Operculum aD me papillate or with @
tral depression. Capsule oblong, subpyri , erect-cernuous, broadly an-
a ng-pedicellate. Peristome double ; a pate: of 16 lanceolate ge-
niculate-incurved teeth ; the interior, a membrane d divided half-way into 64 cilia
I

. Timm, a German staid o
Hedw.— The calyptra is often arrested in 13
by

i jpowtvand ed esheets pedicel, having given egress to the capsule

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 43

a lateral fissure not extending through its tubular base. — Shady banks of water-
courses; not uncommon. (Tab. 17.)

47. AULACOMNION, Schwegr. (Tab. 17.)

gh Sapte, Operculum shortly and obtusely rostellate from a
bbe

con ase le oblong, cernuous, striate (ri when dry), long-pedi-
icius, enna. Pcie as in , but with ciliole (2 or 3 together)
always pre: nflorescence moncecious or dicecious.— Plants having, be-

sides a ple habit of their own, a mixed resemblance to species of Mnium,
Bu and Meesia; stems erect, tomentose; upper ars of the branches

in some species elongated, leafless, pedicel-like, and terminated by capitula of
peee leaves (pseudopodia) ; leaves oblong or Hinoistaasiclaas costate
nearly to the apex, with a granular dot-like areolation. (Name from avAaég,

-axos, a furrow, and priov, a moss, in allusion to the furrowed or ribbed capsule.)
1. A. heteréstichum, Br. * OE RRA obovate-oblong, strongly

serrate, turned to one side; capsule cyl g, slightly curved ; opercu-

lum obliquely rostellate. — Woods, moist shady banks, &c.; common. —

cious ; sterile flower gemmiform, axillary: pseudopodia wanting. (Tab. 17.)

A
sule ae ke gibbous. — White Mountains of New
vious; sterile flower discoid: presence of sereen, doubtful.

urgidum, Schwegr. Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire; cap-
b M w Hampshire. —Die

Ae p » Schwegr. Leaves elongated-lanceolate, denticulate at
ye apex ; capsule nmin —— se at the back. — Borders of
swamps ; not unfrequent. — Inflorescence n No. 2: pseudopodia less fre-

quent than in the next species. (Eu.)
4.° Me andrégynu m, Sc Dicecious ; a miniature resemblance
of the preceding species ; distinguished by its gemmiform male flower and ob-
long, regular, inclined capsule: pseudopodia more abundant and fruit more
— Chimney Rocks, on the French Broad River, Tennessee. (Eu.)

48. BRYUM, Br.&Sch. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra small, cuculliform, fagacious. Operculum convex, apiculate or
shortly rostellate. Capsule pyriform, clavate or oblong, with a tapering neck
or apophysis, inclined or pendulous, long-pedicellate, mostly annulate. ote
— double; the exterior 16 lanceolate teeth, with a flexuous medial 1

hygroscopic; articulation close, internally pecanieiells the interior a saab
divide d half-wa: = se8 16 carinate processes or cilia, alternating with the teeth ;

ediate ci © (t- -8 together) mostly present. lorescence various :

percurrent costa,
(Bpvov, ar ‘ncient name for Moss.)

44 MUSCI. (MOSSES.}

« Leaves narrow, elongated ; the costa ceasing below the apex.
+ Inflorescence hermaphrodite.
1. B. pyriférme, Hedw. Stems ri (3”-4!), simple ; leaves bright

Pp
shining green, spreading, linear-setaceous, subflexuous, slightly serrate at the
apex ; capsule pyriform, pendulous, ay, yellowish-brown, of a thin texture;
operculum convex, mammillate ; pedicel long. — Mostly on the ground in burnt

woods, &c.; frequent. (Eu.)
2. aidum, Schreb. Patches hae somewhat loose ; stems
1/-92! high; lower iti oval-lanceolate, the terminal es , sub-
flexuous, serrated at the apex; ee od tor or oblong, suberect or
horizontal ; operculum as in No. 1.— White Mountains, New Ha mpshire,
Oakes — Sometimes diccious. els
+ + Inflorescence diacious: male flower gemmiform, terminal.
Lescurianum, Sulliv. Loosely cxspitose, greenish-yellew,
wit ith out any tinge of red; stems 4-6” long, subdecumbent ; lower leaves ob-
long-lanceolate; the terminal much longer, linear, acuminate, serrate at the apex,
ins reflexed at the middle; capsule short, pyriform, pendulous, when

d r e@
open ges erect from a geniculate base, 7" - 8" long. — (Mem. Arvr.
4, p. 171. aon egy: Ohio and sbieoneny Sere rare.

. annétinum, Hedw. bly larger than the preced-
ing 5 emule oblong- ays, with a long, ‘tapering reddish neck, and con-
stri und when dry. — Mou of New England, Oakes —
The sterile shoots sive: numerous axillary, Seana bulb-like gemma. (Fu-)

+ + + Inflorescence monecious: anth t axillary
elongitum, Dicks. Stems ee tee 10” high ; upper leaves
dinikatunccitiin sotbinn. spreading, recurved on their lower margin, serra
at the apex; capsule inclined or bist aiceas: eitibely clavate, the col-
lum very long; operculum subrostellate; pedicel 1/-2' long. — Crevices of
rocks, tops of high mountains in the Southern States. —Ciliole of the inner
— often rudimen u.)

nittans, ae. Stems about 1/ long; upper leaves linear-lanceo-
a serrulate at the apex, the mergins below recurved ; capsule pendulous, oval-
r elliptical, shes aickad: F Ghectadish apiculate; ciliole of the inner
Sebteas in twos or threes, large, ec onealt age oor 1/-2' high, pale above.
— Moist sandy soil, in hilly or us dist (Eu.)
7. B. cuculihtam, Schwegr. An shies species, often confounded
with alpine forms of the last species; its most reliable distinctive characters
are the — capsule, with a small operculum, and the absence of the
-ciliole of the inn peristome. — White Mountains of New Hampshire, Gray,
Oakes. (Eu.)
x % Leaves broad ; costa ceasing below the apex. (Diacious: male flower terminal.)
Boog oe es sal apron a. Stems 1/-2! long, decumbent at the base

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 45

doen slightly curved, PS re 1-5 from the sere toon
heeth ; male flower somewhat discoid. — Shaded woods, at the base o
on. — Among the largest of og om: ep Eu.)

9. B. Wahlenbérgii, Schwegr. Patches extensive, pale glaucous-
green ; stems erect, or decumbent at the , 1-2! long; leaves nang the
lower ones oyate-acuminate, the uppermost lanceolate, serrate at the apex, with a
rather loose areolation ; capsule short-pyriform, iseyparsage shoreneked when

wide-mouthed ; annulus none; male flower , conspicuous,
a slender stem.—Springy and gravelly places; not uncommon; but the
bee rare. (Eu.)

ma, Linn. Patches silvery-white; stems 4-10! high,

re
lower distant, broadly ovate; the upper ovate-lanceolate, imbricating ; capsule
abruptly pendulous, oval-oblong, deep purple when ripe. — On exposed ground,
roofs, pavements, &c.: extremely common.— A small species. (Eu.)

* * * Leaves mostly ovate ; the costa extending to the apex. (Diccivus.)

11. B do-triquétrum, Schweer. Patches large, deep pies:
inclining to blackish or purplish; stems 1/-3/ high, radiculose ; leaves
and ovate-lanceolate, slightly bordered, the margins —— sited scans
at the apex; capsule pendulous, oblong-pyriform, with a ck. — Wet
rocks, in hilly districts, Southern Ohio. — Resembles B. ae tas is more
robust, and with a different inflorescence. (

12. B. turbinatum, een —_— pale eee a vend a
reddish tinge ; stems 1/-2! long ;
subdecurrent, slightly recurved ¢ on hing margins, the marginal cellules long and
narrow ; capsule ventricose-pyri very much constricted under the mouth
when dry.— Wet rocks, below acs Falls, (Eu.)

13. B. DuvaAlii, Voit. Distinguished from the preceding bupre forms
of which it ih resembles) by its more slender stems ; its remote, spreading,
very much decurrent, less elongated leaves, of a looser areolation with plane
margins ; capsule less constricted under the mouth when dry. — Mountains of
New England, Oakes. (Eu.)

14. B. alpinum, L. Tufts dense, deep red, shining ; stems (}/-2! _

on the margins; costa strong, rigid; capsule oblong-pyriform, sesh
deep red.— Alpine region of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes.
{Eu.) ;
x * * * Leaves ovate ; the costa excurrent.
+ Inflorescence hermaphrodite.

15. B. cérnuum, Hedw. Closely czspitose; stems branched, radicu-
lose ; leaves ovate-acuminate, concave, with recurved margins ; capsule penta
fons, oblong-pyriform, the mouth and operculum very small; inner peristome

imperfect, adherent to the teeth. — Wet woods, Northern Ohio. (Eu.)

16. B. bimvum, Schreb. Stems 1/-2' long, matted by the purplish
radicels ; leaves above yellowish or lurid-green, below reddist-brown, ovate

46 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

lanceolate, spreading, subdecurrent, somewhat margined, slightly serrated at the

x; capsule pendulous, ee: Aiea ee and operculum rather large;
inner peristome perfect. f trees, on the borders of swamps;
Ohio. (Tab. 18.) (Eu.)

17. B. intermédium, Brid. Densely cxspitose ; stems short (3!’-6"
high); leaves ovate-acuminate and ona imbricated, erect, their
margins reflexed, the excurrent portion of the costa sometimes ORY cap-
sule somewhat pendulous, oblong-pyriform ; inner sie pe revices
of shaded peeenee cliffs, Ohio ; and on brick walls, near ena pitas Canal,
South Caro Eu.)

18. B. torquéscens, Br. & Sch. Much like the last; but distinguished
by its leaves contorted when dry, and its larger, clavate-obconic, somewhat
pendulous capsule, eles incurved. — Texas, Wright. (Hu.)

+ + Infl

male flower gemmiform, terminal.
9. B. capillare, Hedw. Stems 4/-1 long, rather went tufted;
sae strongly contorted when dry, narrowly margined, the lower ovate-oblong,
apiculate ; the upper obovate-oblong with slender points ; capsule rather pen-

dulous, variable, oval-pyriform, oblong-clavate, or short-obovate ; opercalam
red. — rocks, road-sides, mountains of Pennsylvania, Lesquereux
variable code (Eu.)

Tufts compact; stems 4/~—1/ long ; leaves
eta when dry, ovate-acuminate and ovate-lanceolate, the margins reflexed;
capsule usually itieike or pyriform, pendulous ; operculum yellow. —
On the ground, rocks, &c., in dry places : pean (Eu.)

21. i sori tichnieclaruanis Web. & Mohr. Smaller than the last ; stems
densely crowded ; te and ovate-lanceolate, erect-patent, concave,
conse on the margins ; capsule pendulous, dark purple, peer’ not pyti-
form, the neck abrupt passing into the pedicel; operculum wider than the
mouth of the capsule. — Sandy soil, among the Lookout Terns Alabama,
Lesquereux. (Eu.)

.

sanguineum, Ludwig. Distinguished from the last species,
which it much resembles, by its leaves more elongated, longer-cuspidate, plane
on the margins, and serrate at the apex; capsule deep blood-red, oblong-pyti-
form, the neck pase tapering into the pedicel ; Pin optecstutn more point-
ed.— With No. 21. (En.)
+ + + Inflorescence monecious: male flower gemmiform, terminal on proper brane

23. B. uligindsum, Br. & Sch. Caspitose ; stems short (3/'-7” high),
radiculose ; leaves oval-lanceolate, the margins plane above and with narrow cel-
lnles ; capsule pendulous, clavate, not pyriform, irregular, gibbous on the back
‘jear the small oblique mouth ; cilia of the inner peristome wanting or rudimen-
tary. — Wet woods, Northern Ohio , Lesquereur.~ Foliage green. (Eu.)

4. B. palitecens, REIN i Stems 1/-2' high, compactly tufted;
— Ovate-lanceolate, the margins reflexed ; capsule oblong-pyriform, sy
pilge init slows ; cilia of the inner peristome presen t and appendiculate —
Central Ohio: very rare — Lower leaves with a reddish tint. (Eu.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 47

49. MNAUM,Br.& Sch. (Tab. 17.)
Calyptra small, cuculliform, fugacious. Operculum convex at the base, apic-
“ psule oval or oblong, not pyriform, mostly pendulous,

ros

long-pedicellate, annulate. Peristome as in Bryum. Inflorescence dicecious or
hermaphrodite: male flower with clavate palapliyies —Nearly allied to the
preceding genus, its species however larger and more showy, conspicuous for

their broad, smooth, glossy leaves, with a spinulose-serrated thickened border,
a percurrent costa, and large roundish-hexagonal areole ; stems innovating from
near their base, stoloniferous ; growing on the ground or on rocks in shady situ-
ations. (Mviov, an ancient name for
* Inflorescence diwcious: male flower terminal, discoid.
. M. affine, Bland. Stems tadiculien: 1/-3/ high; upper leaves large,
cipioslong or ligulate-obovate, crowded, spreading, undulated or crisped

when dry, their thickened border simply spinulose-serrate ; leaves of the pro-
cumbent or arched shoots roundish, 2-ranked ; capsule oblong, large ; opercu-
lum apiculate ; pedicels often 2-4 from the same pericheth. — On the e
haded s in woo

. M. hérnum, Hedw. Stems and barren shoots erect, 1/-3! high;
leaves erect-patent, narrowly lanceolate, their thickened border doubly spinulose-
serrate ; capsule oblong, tapering into the pedicel, horizontal ; um apico
late. — White Mountains of New shire, Oakes.

. M. orthorhynchu rid. Stems simple, 1'-1}’ high; upper
ive sania ae subspatulate, the border as in the last species ; areola
unusually small and opaque for the genus ; capsule horizontal, aa a
incurved ; operculum conic-rostellate.— Wet pine-woods, near M
ada East. (Eu.)

4. MI. stellare, Hedw. Stems closely cxspitose, 1/-2' high; leaves
oval-oblong, inclining to spatulate, without a thickened border, strongly serrate
above, very brittle when dry ; ses roundish, rather small; capsule oblong,
horizontal, gees incurved ; operculum simply hemispherical.— Margins of
woodland brooks: fruig rare. — Foliage dark green with an indigo tinge, and
acid to the taste. (Eu.)

5. M. punctatum, Hedw. Stems }/-4' high, radiculose ; leaves large,
cara roundish-obovate, narrowed at the base, scarcely pointed, with a thick-
rm b

ened order, not serrate; capsule rather pendulous, ovai; operculum conie-
a — Wet places, on the ground, Alleghany Mountains. — Foliage with
a reddi (Eu.)

ce matic
Brid. Stems }/-1! hi oosely czespitose ; leaves
vase iaabaelate: the thickened border doubly innovate; capsule nearly
horizontal, oval, gradually tapering into the pedicel; operculum short-rostel-
argins of rivulets, in woods. — Among the smallest species. (Eu.)

7. ME. mdii, Br. & Sch. Densely cespitose; stems about 1’
high ; leaves erect from an oblong narrow base, broad-ovate, shortly acuminate,
scarcely crisped when dry, with a narrow, thickened, and simply spinulose-den-

G. 4

48 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

tate border; capsule short, oval, pendulous; operculum short, conic-acute.—
White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes.

ma, Schwegr. Stems }/-1/ high; the sterile branches

diniack: decumbent or vig ken creeping ; ee Pr ng, obtuse, very short-

apiculate, the thickened border obtusely dentate ; operculum rostrate, half as long

psule; pedicels often 2-5 ee — Along woodland rivulets. (Eu.)

9. M. cuspidatam, Hedw. Stems }/-1' high, closely tufted, radicu-

lose, the sterile branches arcuate or bacco lower leaves obovate-acuminate,

?
the upper oval-acuminate with a narrowed base, the on border simply ser-
rate; capsule oe PRT SRE soli operculum convex, scarcely apicu-
late. — Woods, s: frequent. cog 17.) (Eu.)

Tre XX. MEESIEZ.

50. MEESIA, Hedw. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra small, cuculliform, fugacious. Operculum conic, Capsule apo-
ph rect-cernuous, clay ith a set oblique mouth, very long-pedi-
cellate, narrowly annu ome double; the exterior of 16 short obtuse

late. Pe:

teeth, with a medial line; the interior of 16 carinate cilia, much longer than the
teeth, with a narrow Sianad membrane, florescence various: male flower with
clavate ses. — Tall and striking species, inhabiting bogs and swamps,
remarkable for their slender stems and long ack in habit Bryoid, in shape
capsule allied to the Funaries ; leaves of a lanceolate outline, with a semi-
amplexicaul and decurrent base ; the costa Plena areole small, compact,

oblong. — (Named for D, Meese, a Dutch botanist.)

- M. ee — ic etenctoon stems 3/-5/ high, tomentose ;
n the m.

margins, serrate, twist-
ed when dry ; capsule aan incurved, the apophysis ee ae half
its length (as in the other species); the exterior peristome more or less adherent
to the interior; annulus rather persistent; operculum obtuse ; saabedls 4'-5!
long. — Cranberry marshes, Northern Ohio. — A variety. cer in all its parts,
occurs among the mountains of New England. (Tab. “Yn) Eu.)
2. ME. tristic Br. & Distinguished from ee by its
Sranked, wider, squarrose and denticulate leaves, and the dicecious inflorescence,
ni: discoid male flower. — Grows in similar

M. uligindsa, Hedw. tevin than No. 1 and 2, monecious and
cients on the same plant; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, obtuse,
with entire recurved margins and a heavy costa; operculum truncate. — White
Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes: St. Paul, Minnesota, Lesquereux. (Eu.)

Tre XXIl BARTRAMIEX.
51. BARTRAMIA, Hedw. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra small, dimidiate, meniow: Operculam small, conic-convex.
Capsule globular, cernuous, seldom erect or pendulous, exannulate, striated,

MUSCI. —(MOSSES.) 49

when dry furrowed, with a long and erect (rarely short and arcuate) ‘pedicel.
Peristome usually double, sometimes single or none; the exterior of 16 teeth
like those of Bryum ; the interior a plicated membrane divided half-way into 16

trees 5 8

or ee. * longa, serrate, papillose on both surfaces, of a firm texture; areole
dense, quadrate or oblong; costa percurrent or excurrent. (Named in honor of
John Bartram, e earliest mative we botanist.) —In the following species
the capsule is cernuous: peristo pedicel long erect.

$1. BARTRAMIA Proprr.— Stems seri branched.

1. B. ithyphylla, Brid. Hermaphrodite ; compact, bright yellow-
ish-green ; stems }/-2! high ; leaves erect-patent, none pi from a
broad, sheathing, whitish base ; , excurrent, with a scabrous point —

2. B. deri, Swartz. Hermaphrodite; tufts loose, extensive, dark-green ;
stems slender, 1'- y high; leaves remote, patent-recurved from an erect (not
sheathing) base, lanceolate, carinate, scarcely papillose, recurved on the margins,
costate to the apex. — Mountains of New England. (Eu.

3. B. pom mee oi Hed Moneecious; tufts large, rather dense,
glaucous-green; stems 1/—3! bight: cain erowded, spreading, lanceolate-subu-
late or. linear-subulate, crisped. when dry, flattish, the costa excurrent; male
flower gemmiform, contiguous to the female.— Shady banks, either dry or
‘moist: common. (Tab. 17.) (Eu.)

§2. PHILONOTIS, Brid. — Stems fasciculately branched.

= B. fontama, Brid. Dic ; tufts extensive, dense, yellowish or
ucous-green ; stems elongated et ait high) ; vata es interruptedly. verticil-
ie leaves of two forms, either short, ovate-acum’ and appressed, or longer,

lanceolate and spreading or secund, both nui on 25 margins below and ob-

— lige at the base; inner leaves of the discoid male flower obtuse, not
— Wet springy places, in mountain districts. (Eu.)

5. B. calecirea, Br. & Sch. | Dicecious; compared with the last species

‘which it very closely resembles), its leaves are longer, more rigid and gradually

articulated. — Specimens intermediate between this species (as above. described
from.European specimens) and No. 4, were gathered by Lesquereur, on wet
rocks, in the mountains of North Carolina. -(Eu.)

tana; leaves uniform in s , not pli
cate, mucronate by: _ excurrent, costa ; ; capsule thin-walled ; male flower gem-
acute, costate. — (B. Muhlenbergii,

ee ee (Eu)

50 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

: '
7. B. radicahis, Beauy. Moneecious; stems short; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, erect, cuspidate by the long-excurrent scabrous costa; male flower gemmi-
rm, close to the female. — Wet clay-banks, Ohio and southward.

52. CONOSTOMUM, Swartz. (Tab. 17.)

tra enealliform. Operculum conic-rostellate. Capeate globular, cer-

Inflorescence dicecious: male flower subdiscoid, with clavate paraphyses.— A
genus scarcely distinguishable from Bartramia, differing only in the structure of
peristome, the rostellate operculum, and the larger and less fugacious calyp-
(Name from k@vos, a cone, and erdépa, a mouth, in allusion to the cone-like

appearance of the peristome.)
1. C. peta Swartz. Stems compactly czspitose, }/-2! high, glau-
above, brownish below ; leaves erect, imbricated in 5 rows, lanceo-
rake reas serrate, sharply carinate, mucronate by the excurrent costa. —
rocks, in bleak Siies situations, White Mountains of New Hampshire.

(Tab. 17.) (Eu.)

Tre XXII. FUNARIEX.

53. FUNARIA, Schreb. (Tab. 17.)

Calyptra cuculliform, inflated below, subulate above. nore conic or
eonvex-obtuse. Capsule obliquely pyriform, rather ventricose, cernuous, with a
small oblique mouth, long-pedicellate. Peristome double the exterior He 16

i lanceolate-attenuated, and connected at their apices by a small
iettchiated d ; the interior a membrane divided to the base into 16 icasile
eilia, nas the teeth. Inflorescence monecious: male flower subdiscoid,

remote arger,
ture ; the areolw large, hexagonal-oblong ; costa loosely cellular, ceasing below
the apex. (Name from fimis, a rope, from the twisted pedicel.)

1. F. hygrométrica, Hedw. Stems 3-10” high; upper

_ late, very concave, entire, costate nearly to the apex; the perigonial leaves
serrate ; capsule farrowed when dry, the border of its mouth co ted ; annu-
Ins large, spirally unrolling ; pedicel (2/—3/ long) arcuate and flexuous. — Var.
Catvéscens has the pedicel more elongated and straight, the capsule more
‘slender, and almost erect.— Very common, on the ground (particularly

lately burnt over), and on walls; the v variety occurs mostly in the Southern
: anes (Tab. 17.) (En.)

F. flavicans, Michx. I y much like the last,

tnt se sleet 9 eesne Meh aestels.s omiraei > euspidate point, the

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 51

costa excurrent; pedicels not arcuate nor so flexuous; capsule less obovate,
ue ily furrowed — dry; mouth larger, not so oblique, and its border
ooth, rm Sta

cee Schwegr. Very much smaller than No. 1 or 2;

form, not furrowed when dry; operculum convex, a ; annulus none;
pedicels 6-8!’ high, twisted to the right when dry ; spores more than twice the
diameter of those of No. 1, granular on the surface. Sh ated (Eu.)
4. EF. serrata, Beauv. Intermediate in size between Nos. 1 and 3;

pared with the last, the leaves are oa sa spatulate-lanceolate, distantly ‘ad
sharply serrated above, the costa excurrent; operculum convex, not apiculate ;
the pedicel 1/-1}/ high, when dry enti to the left its whole length; spores
larger. — Pennsylvania and southward.

54. ENTOSTHODON, Schwegr. (Tab. 18.)

-Calyptra rostrate, cuculliform, inflated below. Operculum depressed-convex.
Capsule erect, pyriform, symmetrical, ee long-pedicellate. Peristome sin-

gle: teeth 16, short, somewhat fissile, linear late, inserted below the orifice
of the capsule, horizontal. Hees a rescence, fumification, oe structure of ——
in Funaria.— (Name formed of évrocGey, from within, and déev,

nana to the insertion es the teeth.)

. E mindéndii, Sulliv. Stems 1-2" ise leaves connivent,
eaiy rather obtuse, slightly crenate on the concave, costate to
the apex, areolation large; capsule globose-pyriform, ne te flattish ; pedi-

cels 5-7" high ; ; calyptra erect, with a straight lide rostrum as long as the
capsule. —(E. obtusifoliuas, Hook. § Wils. in Drum. 2d coll. No. 36.) — Wet,
clayey soil, Southern States. — The short-pyriform capsule and the long-subu-
late rostrum of the calyptra, readily distinguish this species from the nearly
allied E. Templetoni, Schwagr. and E. obtusifolius,J.D. Hook. (Tab. 18.)

55. PIHYSCOMITRIUM, Brid. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra long-rostrate, mitriform and lobed at the base, or inflated-cuculliform.
Operculum flattish-convex, with or without an apiculus. Capsule pyriform,

nual and biennial plants, with the inflorescence, ramification, and structure of
leaves as in Funaria. (Name from veoxos, something inflated, and prpiov,
@. little cap.) ’
1. P. pyriférme, Br. & Sch. Stems 2!'-5" high; leaves spatalate-
lanceolate, serrate, spreading, the costa nearly percurrent, capsule globose-pyri-
page: on an erect. exserted pedicel 5-8" long; calyptra mitriform, lobed. -~
2 ground ; extremely common. (Ea.)

2. P. immérsum, Sulliv. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, serrate, the costa

; capsule immersed, hemispherical without the operculum, which is

52 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

short-pointed from a convex base, and deciduous with the columella attached ;
ealyptra small, mitriform, 4—5-lobed at the base. —(P. spharicum, Muse.
ghan., No. 196.) Banks of the Ohio River subject.to inundation.— A minute

nual: length of the whole plant 2”-3'. (Tab. 18.)

3. P. tetragonum, Br. & Sch. Stems gregarious, scareely 1! high;
leaves connivent, RS eSB acuminate, the costa ceasing at the apex or
exeurrent; capsule globose-pyriform, on an erect pedicel (1” high), wide-
mouthed when > sapeiitabiads convex, apiculate ; calyptra very _— twice as
long as the ea fusiform, 4-sided, splitting on one side.— On the ground,
San Marcos, Texas, Wright: Vincennes, Indiana, Lesquereux. (Eu.)

56. APHANORHEGMA, Sulliv. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra small, campanulate-mitriform, lobed at the base. Operculum hemi-
spherical, apiculate. Capsule immersed (ineluding the oe eeaaemely papier
nearly — exannulate. Peristome none. Inflorescence moncecious or her-
maphrodite: paraphyses globosely distended at ete shied — A genus, ~ its
feeble deisoene, iis ne and the characters of vegetation, forming a0
intermediate lin een Physcomitrella among Cleistocarpous, and Phys-
comitrium among i. Mosses. (Name from apavys, unapparent,
and piyypa, rupture, or suture; i. e. dehiscence obscure

1. Ae serrata, Sulliv. Stems 2”-3” high, simple or-innovating from
below the apex ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate, costate nearly to the point of
a loose hexagonal areolation ; sel (when mature) separating nese
pressure along an diced oe snture (not visible at an early stage) in
two equal portions ; — cacuaually ae with a few eles
in the axils of the peri kaye es, usnally naked, sometimes with 1 or 2
small perigonial leaves. ea. in Mem. Amer. Acad., n. ser. 4, p. 60, t. 2.) —
Damp soil, New ssn to pine — Strikingly like jes aie patens 5
distinguished y by its feeble are: and the denser texture of the
outer wall of ip insite (Tab. 18.)

Trize XXII SPLACHNER.

57. SPLACHNUM, L.,Br.& Sch. Umereiia-Moss. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra small, conic, entire or uneven at ¢ : operculum convex OT

nized pare ‘he esctiy pene spophysi of ns capsule ; perennial, csespitose,
growing on) animals; stems innovating from below
the floral ic: iActineons, of a succulent soft texture ; leaves lanceolate,
taper-pointed, thin and delicate, with large loose, oblong, hexagonal areola 5
costa slight, Bis ga (3mAayyvov, a name used by Dioscorides

for some eryptogamous

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 53

. S. ampullaceum, L. Stems }/-2! long; leaves oblong- or obo-
rasan acuminate, entire or irregularly dentate ; apophysis calanepeiigie
vate, tapering into the purplish pedicel, and twice or thrice the width of the
atti capsule. — New England to Pennsylvania: rare. (Tab. 18.) (Eu.)
2. S. riibrum, L. Stems short (3/’-6/’) ; leaves spatulate-obovate, long-
puinted, serrate, somewhat complicate and undulate on the margins ; apophysis
nti red, 1 very _— STAT 7-10 times as wide as the minute cap-

58. TETRAPLODON, Br.&Sch. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra small, conic, entire, or split on one side and somewhat cuculliform.
vex, ob a

ni male flow

capituleform, axillary or terminal. — A genus phlei separable from the last ;
besides the above characters, the stems are more compactly czspitose ; the a
physis does not increase in size after the maturity of the capsule, and the color
and consistence of the two is uniform ; the cellular tissue of the leaves not so
lax ; and the habitat is on animal substances, or on the dung of carnivorous ani-
mals. — (Name from tetpam)0os, fourfold, and ddev, tooth ; the teeth of the peri-
stome being at first in fours.)

Le gacanage ace r.& Sch. Stems }/-3 long, radiculose; leaves
erect-patent, remote, oblong-lanceolate, produced into a long flexuous point, ob-
soletely or inne dentate ; apophysis oblong-obconic, somewhat wider than
the capsule yptra whitish, conic, cuculliform, descending to the top of the

Ww ite Mountains of New Hampshire, B. D. Greene, Oakes: Lake
u.

2. T. australis, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No.151.) Re-
sembling very closely the last species; leaves peng ith 3-5 large tooth-like
lobes on each side, sometimes almost pinnatifid, rarely. simply dentate or nearly

has n
(not transversely oblong) cellules; calyptra yellowish, elongated-conic, (not
split on one side,) descending scarcely to the base of the hemispherical 5p aee
2d No.

the preceding species.) —- Swamps, near the sea-coast, New Jersey to Florida.
—It is doubtful whether this species belongs to the present, or to the last
genus. (Tab. 18.)

3. T. mmioides, Br. & Sch. Stems }/-2’ high; leaves erect
rather close, opie wine < or bathers COREATS, ewan scosvmpacecaags into a long
flexuous point ; capsule a width, both
dark red. — Catskill Mountains, New York, Olney. (Eu.)

a branches

54 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

Div. U. Pleurocairpi.

Fruit lateral on the stem or branches. (Peristome mostly double.)
Tre XXIV. FONTINALES.
59. FONTINALIS, Dill. Fountain-Moss. (Tab. 18.)

ra small, conic, crenate or somewhat lacerate at the base. Opercul
conic. pene ovate, oval, or cylindrical, subsessile. Peristome double
exterior 16 linear-lanceolate teeth coherin ir apices in pairs ; the interior
16 cilia psa fai tien forming a more or less complete tessellated cone.
Infi iow Mosses, floating in water, and rooting at their
base als ; leaves irene ecostate, with a minute linear areolation; capsule
immersed in the pe leaves, and terminal on short, lateral, supra-axillary
branches. ae om fontinalis, a fountain, in allusion to its place of growth.)
BF. a 8'~12' long, very much divided, flex-
Be lg broadly ovate-acuminate, eager Eyam the margin on one side
reflexed ; perichztial leaves oblong, obtuse, eroded at the apex, closely embra-
eing the cea cme ; Inner ee complete raed cone. — Mountain
rivulets, New Engla riable in size and color, (Tab, 18.) (Eu.)
2. F. sq oo L.? peas no No. 1; ramification more fascicu-
late ; suena conca
Sta

= Mo untain streams, Southern
out rail betes a different species. (Eu.)
3. F. rasa Sulliv. Leaves of two forms, those appearing in the
spring large, broad, ovate-lanceolate, concave, flaccid, disappearing in the sum-
mer, ucceeded by others much smaller, narrowly linear-lanceelate, convo-
lute, and clothing new branches ; both kinds denticulate at the apex, their basal
gles auriculate, and composed of large oblong pellucid cellules ; capsule oval
aie lindrical ; apes leaves as in No 1; operculum more elongat-
or peristome with 18-20 articulations; cilia of the inte-
rior peristome ¢ can at their tips only by a few eross-bars, elsewhere appen-
diculate. (F. oi, var. Muse. Alleghan., No. 191, and Pilotrichum sphagni-
folium, Mull. Synop are the spring state of the ay F. disticha, var
Muse. Alleghan., a 192, and ieen disticham, D/ull. l. c., are the sum-
mer state.) — Wood rivulets, near Columbus, Ohio: New Boas. Cenn., D.
£. Eaton. — Fruit rare ; male flowers terminal on short club-shaped branches
4. F, distic Took. & Wils. (in Drum. S. Mosses, No. 151.) A stiff,
elastic species, much more slender than any of the preceding ; stems reddish 5
short and widely spreading; leaves — or rather appressed,
Tinear-lanceolate, convolute, atten at the extreme point; capsule
cylindrical, its length 5 times its diameter 5 se a narrowly conic, one third
as long as the capsule; teeth of the peristome more or less cleft along the me-
dial line between the 12-15 nieeatonNg cilia granulated and conneeted as im
No. 3.—Rivulets near Mobile, Alab
os FP. Lesewrii, Sulliv. na ee .-Amer., No. 228.) Near the last,
but a soft, flaccid, and somewhat larger species; leaves broader, shorter, not

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 55

age a nor the areolation 80 — irene Hibeesei its length only
teeth of

vi of I Little River, Lookout Mountains, Alabama, Lesquereur. — Fruit rare
- Dalecarlica, Bryol. Europ. Slender and much divided; branch-
es numerous, elongated, somewhat julaceous; leaves narrowly-lanceolate, 2 »n-

pe

between the 10-12 articulations ; cilia as in No. 3, but not granulated. — (F.

rer Drum. Muse. Amer., No. 233; Musc. Alleghan., No. 188.) — White

Mountains, Oakes, James; Fulton County, New York, D. C. Eaton. (Eu.)
60. DICHELYMA, Mprin. Broox-Moss. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra dimidiate or cuculliform, nerly at the base. rome conic-ros-
trate. ag oval or oblong, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior 16
linear teeth perforated along the aa line ; the pepe ee ‘ls ———e than
the tee ch, and more or less connected by cross-bars
Stems ea, floating in water, sparingly divided “a pina leaves 3-
ranked, much elongated, with a percurrent costa, those of the pericheth very
conspicuous and ecostate. (Name from é:xd@, to divide, and €Avpa, a veil, im
allusion to the cleft or cuculliform calyptra.)

1. D. falcatum, Myrin. Leaves lanceolate-subulate, complicate-cari-
nate, faleate-secund ; the inner pericheetial leaves very much elongated, closely
wrapped around the lower half of the long pedicel ; capsule oval-oblong ; inner
peristome a tessellated truncated cone; calyptra dimidiate, elongated, clasping
the pedicel. — Head-waters of the Saco River, White Mountains, New Ham
shire, James: Brattleborough, Vermont, C. C. Frost. (Eu.)

2. D. capillaceum, Bryol. Europ. Branches few, widely spreading ;
leaves dark or prone subulate from a narrow lanceolate base by the
long-excurrent costa, secund-faleate, a at the apex; those of the peri-
cheth convolute, overtopping the oval capsule which emerges laterally ; calyp-
tra dimidiate, BL is below the plang and spirally convolute ; cilia of the
inner peristome connected at their apices only. — Rivulets, Pennsylvania and
northward. (Tab. 18.) (Eu.)

3. D. palléscens, Bryol. Europ. Much like No. 2, but smaller; leaves
pale green, shorter, wider, more complicate-carinate, and more faleate, with a

i ili e nected eross-bars

liad by the broad and straight pericheetial leaves; calyptra
descending below the convex-rostellate operculum ; cilia of oa inner os perio
free, except at their apices. — Drummond.

56 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

Tre XXV. CRYPHEEZ.

61. CRYPH ZA, Mohr. (Tab. 19.)

_ walypice (phmecscioudes peptic: a pe is small. Operculum conic,
-oblong, , annulate. Peristome 5a doable
the: exterior 16 Iancoolae salto teat remotely articulated, Esevgraee’ the
interior 16 subulate cilia, the basilar membrane nearly obsolete. Inflores-
cence monecious ; ‘thuctlie oval, eae long pedicels and ‘dies paraphyses,
— Rather siosries Mosses, growing on trees, with leafless creeping stems a
ascending or pendulous and F tidinapté densely leafy branches, bearing in lines
or clusters numerous perichztia enveloping the capsule. (Name from xpypaios,
hidden, in allusion to the concealed capsule.)

1. C. glomerata, W.P. Sch. The ascending branches nearly simple,
1' long; leaves crowded; when dry sainhioe: when moist recurved-spreading,
ovate-acuminate, mi mntelyaerrnlate at the apex, semi-costate, with a minute oval
areolation; annulus broad; perichetial leaves obovate-oblong, suddenly cuspi-
date. —(Daltonia heteromalla, var. Hook. § Wils. in Drum. Muse. 2d coll. No.
99.) — Southern States: common. — Larger than the European C, heteromalla,
Brid., with more vonage spreading leaves, much shorter peristome, and larger
al (Tab. 1

2..€. sn Hook & Wils. Has the aspect of No. 1; leaves when
dry erect, not appressed, with recurved margins; costa extending to the point;

split on one side; apes narrow ; Sage leaves longer-lanceo-

late sie papillose on the — Grows wit!

3. C. inundata. es Neuvied Pash rai pendulous, loosely
pinnately-branched ; -. recurved at the apex; leaves distant, oblong-
lan

ceolate, carinate, ower ones complicate, ce costa heavy, excnrtet
capsules oval, unilateral on the stems, immersed in the long ecostate perich:
a aniial cilia of the interior peristome red, persistent, incurved at the apex,

es of ta Wabash, Fox, and Black Rivers, Illinois. — Scarcely a Ste
very probably Dichelyma subulatum, or a closely allied species.

Tre XXVI.. LEUCODONTES.

62. LEUCODON, Schwegr. (Tab. 18.)
oe dienidione,, large, clasping: the pedicel. Opercalmm cate
Peri-

. stome-double ; the.extérior: 16 linear-ecuminate, whitish, granulated teeth more
or less perforated along the medial line; the interior (when present) a simple
annular membrane extending 4 the length of the teeth. Inflorescence dicecions.
— Species of moderate size, with a filiform and leafless creeping primary stem,

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 57

1. L. julaceus, Sulliv. Branches 8’’-10” high ; leaves appressed, when

ie rizontal when moist, ecostate, revolute on the margins; areola-

tion a oval-rotund ; perichztial leaves as long as the pedicel. — Trees,

tates, in districts not mountainous, (Tab. 18.)

2. L. brachypus, Brid. Very like the preceding ; branches more

elongated (1}’-2/ long), recurved ; leaves longer, when dry secund; operculum

nger-rostrate ; pedicel shorter; perichztial leaves overtopping the capsule. —
Alleghany Mountains.

63. LEPTODON, Mobr. (Tab. 18.)

tra dimidiate, large, hairy. O lum conic-rostellate. Capsule ovate-
oblong, its pedicel concealed by the large perichwth. Peristome double ; the

nak
ed daoeily simple and pinnated branches, densely clothed wih b blngove
leaves, having a dot-like areolation. (Name composed of and
sions a tooth.)

. L. trichomiitrion, Mohr. Main branches 1}'-2! long; leaves when
moist erect-patent, ecostate, reflexed on the margins; the sat ner leaves
long as the pedicel. — In woods; forming elastic masses on the trunks
sometimes on rocks; Northern and Middle State:

mérsum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 234.)
Biswas smaller than the preceding; leaves not so crowded, more suddenly
acuminate; capsule urceolate-oblong, its mouth larger ; articulations of the

teeth of the peristome closer; perichztial leaves ace sont the pedicel)
the larger portion of the capsule. — Trees, Southern Sta

3. L. Ohioénse, Sulliv. Much like No. 1; but stems more slender and
oe less regularly pinnate ; leaves when moist rw erage the
costa extending to the middle. — Trees, Central Ohio. (Tab. 18.)

64. ANTITRICHIA, Brid. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculam conic. Capsule oval, exannulate, with a
flexuose-arcuate pedicel. Peristome double; the exterior 16 lanceolate-subulate
the interior 16 subulate fugacious cilia. Spores large. Inflorescence
dicecious. — A large Moss with eucenaeie subpinnate — flex xuous ing
acronsiog stems, and crowded broadly te leaves; the

elongated and ——— (Name from dyri, opposite, and tpixtoy
a little hair, the cili y supposed to be opposite the teeth.)

1, Ae a, Bri. = a the — es

the

on

ing beyond the middle ; sata minute, those at the basal angles oval, disposed

in sence. lines, elsewhere oblong. — Summit of Black Mountain, North Caro-
Lesquereur. (Tab. 18.) (Eu.)

58 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

Triwe XXVIL LESKEZ.
65. ANOMODON, Hook&Tayl. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra cucullate. Operculum conic-rostrate. Capsule cylindrical, erect,
long-pedicellat e. Peristome double; the exterior 16 subulate-lanceolate teeth ;
a interior 16 cilia shorter than the teeth; and connected at base by a narrow

n Inflorescence dioecious. — Stems prostrate, sitiaitcwias micro-
Seite: ihe branches ascending, simple, 2-3 divided or fasciculately ramu-
ose, with elongated, costate, opaque, granulated leaves ; their areolation minute
and dot-like. (Name, avopos, irregular, and ddav, tooth, from a supposed abnor-
mal construction of the peristome.)

1. A. viticulésus, Hook. & Tayl. Branches 2! - 2}! high, often genicu-
late; leaves secund, larger as they ascend, lincar-lanceolate from an oblong-ovate
hase, obtuse, of a thick compact structure, minutely papillose on both eon
costa pellucid, ceasing near the apex; annulus double, persistent. — Shad
rocks, eke Falls; without fruit. (Eu.)

. A. apiculatus, Br. & Sch. Very near the preceding, rather smaller ;
tas np a i from a cordate-ovate base, apiculate ; cellules with longer
papillz, those of the basal ee sigh ciliate ; costa shorter, often forked.

— On old logs, orion Moun

A. obtusifolius, Br. & Sch. Tiranches compressed, shorter than in

No. 1, less divided ; leaves 2-ranked, of a width th cine linear-
oblong, uate obtuse, the costa shorter ; Asie elliptical ; inner peristome want-

ing or rudimentary; annulus large. — runks of trees, near watercourses, in
low ed (Tab. 19.)

4. A. attemuatus, Hub. Branches 1/-2! long, fasciculately ramulose
the ramuli incurved, attenuate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, sats

secund ; annulus none; peristome well peur the cilia nearly as long as the

teeth, and with 1-2 interposed ciliole.—On rocks and roots of trees, near
streams ; common. 0.)

longifolius, Hartm. Distinguished from the last by its more
atecninie branches, straighter and longer acuminate leaves, smaller —_
shorter pedicel, and much less complete peristome.— Habitat similar: said
be North American by Schimper. (Eu.)

6. A.? Toccéa, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor. igen Branches 1/-2
long, rather stout, simple or sparingly divided, when d cinate ; leaves lance-
olate from an oblong base, reflexed on the lower marc, concave below, con-
cave-carinate above, very strongly and irregularly serrate at the point clinics

ro

iq the
are specimens marked “Neckera Nepalensis, T. 7. mss., Nepal,” apparently
the same as those from Toccoa Falls, with imperfect fruit like that of No. 4.

t. het tristis, Cesati. Much smaller than any of the foregoing ; branches
filiform, rigid, sparingly divided; leaves brittle, usually broken, when moist

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 59

squarrose, somewhat Lgulat te from a broad sub lexicaul base,
crenulate on the margins by the large coset cellules ; costa ‘indistinct, sel.
dom heath half-way. — Leskea fragilis, Hook. §- Wils. in Drum. Mosses, 2d
coll. — Hypnum triste, Mull. Synop. Muse. 2. p. 478.) — Very common
cae ts United States ; on trees, particularly the Hornbeam, Fruit un-
known.
66. LESKEA, Se Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)
Calyptra cuculliform. Opercu conic, acuminate or rostrate. Capsule
val or cylindrical, pedicellate. Pen double ; the exterior 16 lanceolate-

eubula teeth ; the interior 16 narrow cilia, as long as the teeth, amsing from a
te Annulus persistent. ide rescence moncecious or dicecious.

t a
branches uniform, ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, mostly costate,
smooth or papillose, with close subrotund or oval areolation. (Named for NV. G
Leske, an early German botanist.)

1. L. polycarpa, Hedw. Moncecious ; stem 2/ long or more, irregularly
branched; branches ascending, $/-1' high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, a or
secund, recurved on the margins below, nincgly oo costate to near the apex; cap-
oa Diao: slightly curved ; iso conic, acute; perichetial leawes

— Roots of trees, in wet places. (Eu.)
2. L. obsetira, Hedw. dioknias smaller than No. 1; ramification

; co
culum short, conic; cilia of the inner geray perforated. — On trees, wi
reach of floods: fruits copiously. (Tab. 19.)

3. L. exile inlet Ww: bf Sch. in sae Moncecious stems sige
ly eee leaves ov , concave, , spre
ing, rather lax; cos bk tihng nearly to the point; capsnle oval-oblong. — i
nervosa, Mi WSC. soe No. 69.) On roots of trees, in wet woods, near Mont-
gomery, Alabama.— Very near the European L. nervosa, but a more flaccid
plant, ie leaves more spreading, not so recurved on the margins, nor so attenu-
ated at the point; the costa extending higher up; capsule not cylindrical ;
stome smaller and a lored, the interior more imperfect; and mainly

the inflorescence differen

4. L. rostra Hedw: WDicecions; branches erect, crowded, fasciculate,
terete; leaves closely imbricating, ovate-lanceolate, long and slenderly acumi-
nate, papillose on both surfaces, the margins broadly recurved below ; costa pe
lucid, sete below the apex; capsule meengeRTe operculum rostrate. —

in dense and extensive mats, on the base of trees: frequent. (Eu.)

5. Lt denticulata, Sulliv. Diccious; branches ascending, crowded,

A small species.
.

60 MUSCI. ‘(MOSSES.)

67. CLASMATODON, Hook. & Wils. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra cuculliform. Operculum conic-rostellate. atl oval, erect, pedi-
eellate. Peristome single: teeth 16, short, ] -2-divided into irregular awe
remotely articu! . Annulus large, imperfect, somewhat persistent. Spo
large. Inflorescence monecious.— Very small species, with creeping, entan-
gled, irregularly branched stems, and broadly ovate-acuminate semi-costate
leaves, of an oval-elliptical areolation. — (Name from xAdopa, a fragment, and
ddar, tooth, descriptive of the peristome.)

1. C. parvulus, (Hampe,) Hook. & Wils. Leaves concave, patent,
reflexed on the margins below, acute or obtuse; areolation of the basal angi

Clasmatodon pusillus, Hook. § Wils.)—On the bark of trees, in dry
places, or on their roots in localities subject to inundations : very common in the
States.— A variable species. (Tab. 19.)

Tre XXVIII. THELIEX.

68. THELIA, Sulliv.

Calyptra cuculliform, narrow. Operculum conic, rostrate. Capsule ovate-
cylindrical, erect, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior 16 long, linear-
subulate, white, granulated, distantly articulated teeth; the interior a carinate
membrane hie tgs 4 the length of the teeth, with or seid rudimentary
cilia. — Growing in compact glancous- or yellowish-green mats ; stems villous,
with a Sadia tomentum, creeping, throwing up densely crowded short and

t co i

(Name from 6y\n, a papilla, referring to the prominent pa-

papillate cellules,
pills of the leaf.)

1. TV. hirtéMa, (Hedw.) Sulliv. — Leaves inclining to a dark yellowish-

a hirtellum, Hedw.) — hic and trunks of trees in woods;

2; “ asprélia, (Schimp.) Sulliv. Pe with No. 1, formerly con-
founded with it; distinguished by the glancous-green color of its leaves, their
papilla 2-lobed at the apex; and by the narrower, longer, and nodose teeth of
the peristome, and , W. P. Sch.) — Northern
and Middle States, and westward.

_ 8. TW. Lesettrii. Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 249.) Near the last
species ; ramification more fasciculate, not so condensed ; the branches abet
leaves glaucous-green, with a bluish tinge, shorter, hstiniens sith

the areolation much smaller, not so pellucid, the papille slobedat the apex 5
Pedticel twice as long ; capscle longer, often slightly curved, the mouth with

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 61

broad reddish rim; teeth of the peristome not nodose; inner peristome better
a the short carinate cilia quite evident ; gat leaves yellowish.
—Dry, sandy and hilly ground, in thin seseeing never — Southern
States, vais

69. MYURELLA, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra cuculliform, narrow. Operenlum convex-conic, obtuse, lange. Cap.
sule oval or obovate-oval, with a short and tumid erect collum, pedicellate, an-
nulate. Peristome er constructed a in Hypnum ; the ciliole, oe very

Gen often absent — Small, subalpine, glan ny
densely tufted ae ;: wit h erect, sparingly divided, julaceous, lone
stems ; and close cating, subrotund, ecostate, more or less papillose leaves,
composed of asec Saar cellules

1. ME. Careyama, Sulliv. Stems slender, branched by innovations,
leaves very concave, with a short filiform point, strongly papillose on the back,
and ciliate-dentate on the margins; perichztia orange-red,. leaves smooth, nar-
rowly poutine filiformly acuminate, the margins at the upper end of the lami-
na fringed. — High enero % , New England, J. ; Carey: ier dean Les-

ots of this genus, M. julacea and M. apiculata, were dplinceed in ees
America by Drummond. (Tab.19.)

Tre XXIX. FABRONIER.
70. FABRONIA, Raddi. (Tab. 18.5

tra cuculliform. wa gh asiare conic, acuminate. Capsule pyriform, erect,

YP ,
pedicellate ; its mouth wide. ingle (in No. 4 absent); the exterior 16
linear-lanceolate teeth SA AONE in pines, when dry reflexed. oe nce
moneecious. — Minute ‘ies, uniform in habit and size, with pro:

erect crowded ii aE branches ;. leaves shining, ss cavsansions

filiformly acuminate, dentate or ciliate, semi-costate ; the lax, pellu-

cid, the cellules at the basal angles quadrate, elsewhere larger and rhomboidal,
with conspicuous primordial utricles : reticulation of the capsule-wall quadrate.
flexuous. (Named after Fatroni, an Italian botanist.)
1. FE. Wrightii, Sulliv. (Musc. Bor.-Amer., No. 251.) Capsule oblong-

pyriform ; operculum conic-rostellate; teeth of the t golden-yel-
low; the vaginula concealed by the gradually acuminated perichztial leaves.
San Marcos, Texas, Wright. — Near the pasate F. octoblepharis ; but that
species has a mamellate operculum, dark brownish-red peristomial teeth, leaves
with more numerous quadrate alar cellules, ae an emergent:

2. FP. Raveniélii, $ (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 252.) —. of a
cen coy baci. entire on the margins, or occasionally
with a few teeth; istinct, extending beyond the middle; perichetial

cvs mmr, denen real y acuminate a eel teeth of
n dry rocks,

Carolina, Ravenel. (Tab. 18.)

62 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

3. F. Caroliniama, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 253.)
“sae operculum, peristome, and perichgtium nearly as in the last species ;

sporules smaller.— On decayed logs, near the Santee Canal, South Carolina,
Ravenel.

4 F. gymnéstoma, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Musc. Bor.-Amer., No. 254.)
Leaves Ss a elliptical-lanceolate, dentate-ciliate; costa reaching half-
way or obsolete; perichetial leaves few, short, obovate, suddenly subulate-acu-
minate ; capsule broad-oval, shortly much oueiad = peristome none. — Santa Fe,
New Mexico, Fendier.

71. ANACAMPTODON, Brid. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra SEARS CR Operculum ion osha Capsule oval,
erect, pedicel te. Peristome double; the exterior 16 narrowly lanceolate teeth
smooth on ek surfaces, approxim aid in pairs, ile dry reflexed (hence the
name); the interior 16 slender cilia, without a basilar membrane. Inflorescence
moncecious. — Low, cespitose, with irregularly branched stems, and spreading
ovate-lanceolate semi-costate leaves, of a rather loose and pellucid rhombic areo
lation. (Name from dvaxaynra, to bend back, and ddr, a tooth.)

1. A. splachnoides, Brid. Cilia of the inner peristome always erect,
capsule when dry much constricted below the mouth; foliage deep green. — In
the forks and open hollow knots of partly decayed trees: rare, though its range
is extensive. (Tab. 18.) (Eu)

Trine XXX. PYLAISEHEAR.

72. PYLAISZEA, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 18.)

Calyptra cueulliform, rostrate. Operculum conic, more or less rostellate.
Capsule oblong, erect, pedicellate. Say Pe narrow, simple. Peristome double:
the exterior 16 linear-lanceolate teeth i sagen bel oid the saath bid the he tool:
the interior as in Leskea, but with the ci
or a membrane anagicd to and bordering the teeth ; ciliole rudimentary of
none. Inflorescence wecious: male flower gemmiform, axillary. — Small
species, fruiting saicudiilcy, with glossy, concave, elongated, closely linear-
areolated and ecostate leaves, their alar cellules oes small, quadrate, and
opaque. (Named for B. de la Pylaie, a French botanist.)

1. P. denticulata, W. P. Sch. Grows in ee entangled mats ;
branches crowded, short, ascending ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, slightly den-
ticulate at the apex ; capsule oblong-cylindrical ; pultonls 3-5" high; opereu-
lum with a rostrum about as long as the conic base; inner peristome firm, yel-
low, much as in Leskea, the cilia or processes o chen aplit along the keel, the
basilar membrane broad ; sporules bright yellow, smooth, about gig of # line in
diameter. — Bark of trees, Columbus, Ohio ; very rare

2. P. imtricata, Bryol. Europ. i ak ade el ema
the last ; branches short, recurved; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 63

entire, more or less secund; capsule oval or ovate-oblong, its mouth small ;
pedicels 5-7" high; operculum conic, scarcely rostellate; inner peristome a
granulated grayish membrane, adherent to and bordering the lower half of each
tooth, free above, and split into two Reicadeweecusis divergent segments, as in
Bartramia ; sporules light oie Seg their diameter one balf greater than
in No. 1.—(Pterigynandrum intri , Hedw.) — Trees and logs ; common,
(Tab. 18.)

3. P. velutina, W. P. Sch. Exceedingly like and formerly confounded
with No. 2; leaves with fewer quadrate alar cells; capsule cylindrical, its mouth
larger ; ipereulih decidedly rostellate ; teeth of the peristome more closely ar-
ticulated, narrowly bordered their whole length by the adherent inner peristome ;
sporules dark yellowish-green, granulated, with a diameter twice as great as in
the first species. — Bark of trees, Columbus, Ohio.

(P. potyAnTHA, a common European ange and found in British America
by Drummond, has the peristome of No. 1 the capsule and short-conice
operculum of

73. HOMALOTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ. (partly.) (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra cuculliform, hairy. Operculum conic, subrostellate. Capsule ovate-
cylindrical, regular and erect, or oblique and incurved, pedice i annulate.
Peristome double; the exterior 16 linear- anmeolase mete “A close articula-
tions conspicuous a on the margins; the interior 16 t
or a membrane lining the teeth. Inflorescence moncecious or dioscions. — Stems
prostrate, closely and pinnately branched ; leaves shining, costate, serrulate,
with an oblong-rhomboidal areolation. — (Name from dpadds, Ss and Onxn,
a sige applicable to the type of the genus, Leskea sericea, Hedw.

. H. subcapillatum, Bryol. Europ. Monecious; sh elliptical
or pena tical, suddenly acuminated, not striate, serrulate ; costa single or
ashe raighuss: ees: pedicel rough ; capsule inclined, slightly incurved ;

the p rk-red, with a broad pellucid central stripe marked by
a pe zigzag medial line; inner peristome a membrane lining the teeth. —
(Pterigonium ascendens, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 243. Pt. decumbens, Schweegr. I. c.
t. 110. Pterigynandrum brachycladon, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2. p. 185.) — A smail
species resembling Pylaisza intricata, and growing with it on trees: common.
(Tab. V.)

74. PLATYGYRIUM, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra cuculliform, aca = — Operculum conic, short-ros-

trate. Capsule oval-oblong, erect, pedicellate. Peristome double; the exterior

broadly margin interior 16 filiform cilia, the

basilar membrane obsolete. Annulus very large. Inflorescence dicecious. —

Rather small. species, with prostrate closely entangled subpinnate stems; and

oblong-lanceolate ecostate leaves, with a linear areolation. — (Name compostll
of mAarus, large, and yvpos, ring, referring to the annulus.)

1. P. répems, Bryol. Europ. Branches short, rather julaceous, ascend-

G. M. 5

64 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

ing; pedicels 5’ -6” high; leaves reflexed on the margins. — (Neckera brachy-
clada, Mull. Synop. 2. p. 88.) —Old fences, logs, &c., forming dense brownish
yellow patches. Fruits abundantly. (Tab.19.) (Eu.)

Trine XXXI. CYLINDROTHECIES.

75. CYLINDROTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra dimidiate, narrow, elongated. Operculum conic-rostellate. Capsule
eylindrical, erect, sedlecliate, annulate. Peristome double; the exterior 16 lin-
ear distantly articulated teeth ; the interior 16 narrow carinate cilia, ae at
the base ite a oli narrow membrane gna tea usually exserted. In

ee us. — A very natural with prostrate and usually co coal
stems, and oats inbrcing ecostate vollshed leaves, with a minute linear trans-
parent areolation. (Name from xvAwédpos, a cylinder, and OnKn, a little case,
referring to the shape of the sil e.)

* Pedicels reddish,

. C. cladorrhizans, Bryol. Europ. Stems 2/-3/ long; sparingly
my subpinnately welled tieien oblong-ovate, acute, slightly serrulate at the
apex, concave, indistinctly bicostate at the base ; operculum conic, with a thick

tuse rostrum. — Woods, on old bogs, in large li Conspicuous by the broad
flat branches, and greenish-yellow foliage, dashed with bright brown; very com-
mon. (Tab.19.) (Eu.)

. €. sedtetrix, Bryol. Europ. Separated from No. 1 by its less com-
pressed, almost evlindeaead stems and branches. (Fruits much more abundantly,
and affects humid situations.) — Margins of swamps, on old logs and roots of

s. — Its numerous dark-red pedicels give it a striking character
3. C. compréssum, Bryol. Europ. Near No. 1, but distinguished by
its smaller size ; more compressed branches ; the leaves loosely imbricating, more

concave, with an obtuse entire apex, and a more ncareng ation; shorter ovate-
oval capsule; and substriate perichetial leaves. — (Les gi Poh Hedw.) —
river-banks, subject to inundation, iver Ohio: rare.

4. C. Sullivantii, (C. rag Bryol. Europ. A more slender species than
any of the preceding ; stems and branches elongated, narrow, and quite flat;
leaves laxly anger sac. than short-pointed ; annulus conspicuous ;
operculum with a slender acute rostrum. — (Neckera Sullivan, Mull. Synop. 2.
p. 65, 1850. C. Sie ste W. P. pre Bryol. Europ. fase. 46, 47, 1851.)

— On stones, near the surface of the ground; banks of the French Broad River,
North Carolina,

* * Pedicels yellowish.

5. C. Drummé6ndii, W.P. Sch. About the size of No. 1, which it
much resembles ; but its stems and branches are more complanate ; leaves not
80 closely fenbrieating ; teeth of the peristome perforated along the medial ~_
pre ees Spaagece sporules half the size; annulus nearly obsolete.

Hook. § Wile. in’ Drum. 2d coll, No. 9% C. Arsgcer te,
W. Pg Sch.?) — North Carolina, Ravenel: Texas, Wright.

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 65

6. C. brevisétum, Bryol. Europ. Ramification subfasciculate ; branches

ne ; inate ; leaves crowded, ovate and oblong-ovate, the point ex-
tended and subserrulate, the margins slightly reflexed; ann ; in
peristome abortive, or a membrane lining the tee places, on trees, &e.,

Western and Southern States ; not common. Fruits sparingly.
Trise XXXIL NECKERES.

76. NECKERA, Hedw.; Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra pepo: 2 emeompsat Smet: —— Capsule oval, erect,
pedicellate, immersed or exserted. ; the exterior 16 long lin-
canecummate BBP the interior 16 subulate cilia, more or less developed, the

membrane e very narrow. Inflorescence monecious or dicecious. — Rather

arge species, conspicuous for their flat broad stems, and shining, complanate,

ovate-lanceolate, scarcely costate, and mostly transversely undalnve ge of a

thin, smooth texture, and a minute elongated-rhomboidal areolation. (Named
for NV. J. Ne i

1. N. ata, Hedw. Monecious ; rips obtuse ; leaves acumi-
nate ; eo facemnt in the long perichetial leaves ; cilia of the inner peri-
stome obsolete or rudiment: tary. — Tru 7 trees; common in mountainous
districts. (Tab. 19.) (Eu.)

2. N. complanata, Bryol. Europ. Diccious; branches often attenu-

ted, flagelliform ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, apiculate, not undulate ; capsule
Sa cetioalie, exsenei i peristome with cilia half as long as the teeth. — (Les-
kea complanata, Hedw.)— On rocks, New England, Alleghany Mountains, and
Tennessee. (Eu.)

77. OMALIA, (Brid.) Bryol. Europ. (Tab. 19.)

Ca alyptra tra cuculliform. Operculum conic, rostellate. seb eaga eke erect,
or slightly cernuous, pedicellate. age me as in Infi nce
Pag — Ramification irregular; stems and cae és flat, binictuas il
leafy ; leaves complanate, plat ome semi-costate, obtuse, apiculate, shining,
en a minute rhombic a (Name from 6padés, flat, referring to the
stems and branches. ) (Tab. 19.)

1. Oo. tichomanotdes, (Brid.) Bryol. Europ. Main branches ascend-
ing, arcuate-incurved, ramulose ; leaves often somewhat falciform,
lax, oe serrulate nai capsule oval-oblong ; ciliol of the inner peri-

rudimentary or absent. — i-Om rocks, about Lake Superior, but rare,

2. O. Jamesiana, W. P. Sch. mss. Found by Mr. Thomas P. James
on the White Mountains, New Hampshire, and on the Catskill Mountains, New
York. — (Hypnum trichomanoides, deans; Enum. ) — We have seen no descrip-
rfect (being without fruit) to

tion of this species, ; P
cahibit the distinctive chacatebs.
3. O.? Wrightii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor-Amer. No. 269.) Stems pros

66 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

trate, rooting copiously from the under side ; leaves dark-gree hat close,
serrulate at the apex; costa extending more than half-w “way ; aisle lintel
cal; ciliole of the inner peristome long ; operculum conic, shortly rostrate. —
On the roots of trees, San Antonio, Texas, Wright: also Santa Fé, New Mex-
ico, Fendler. (Tab. 19.)

Tre XXXII HOOKERIEZ.

78. HOOKERIA, Smith. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra conic-mitriform, shortly lobed at the base. Operculum conic-rostrate.
Capsule oval, horizontal, pedicellate. Peristome double ; the exterior 16 linear-
lanceolate and closely articulated teeth; the interior 16 carinate lanceolate-subu-
late cilia, mangers from a broad plicate membrane. Inflorescence moncecious. —

rge handsome species, with an sneha sparse a broad and
flat stems and branches, and complanate shining membranaceous

very loose areolation, formed by large oval-hexagonal patie cellules. — (Named
after Sir Wm. J. Hooker.) —(Tab. V. contains a figure of the type of the genus,
Hookeria lucens, with ecostate and obtuse leaves, which has not been detected
or this continent, except in Oregon.)

1. MH. acutifolia, Hook.? Grows on the ground, beneath dripping
rocks, Southern Ohio, and Alleghany Mountains, in Pennsylvania and North
Carolina. — Our specimens, as far as we are able to determine, (being without
fruit,) agree well with H. acutifolia, Hook., an East-Indian species, which appears
to differ from H. lucens, Smith, only in its acute leaves.

a
Ps
°
Ryd
g,
2

Terme XXXIV. CLIMACIEX

79. CLIMACIUM, Web.&Mobr. (Tab. 19.)

ee dimidiate, somewhat twisted, long, embracing the top of the pedicel
um saree Capsule oval-oblong or cylindrical, erect, long-ped-
icelled. Peristome doub or exterior 16 linear-lanceolate, closely articulated
teeth ; the interior 16 ie asia carinate, lacunose cilia, connected at the
base by a very narrow membrane. Columella emergent. Inflorescence dice-
cious. — Large and striking Mosses, of a tree-like aspect. — (Name from «Aipa-
«tov, a litile ladder, from the fe RES of the cilia of the inner peristome.)
1. C. Americanum, B Main stems rhizoma-like, subterraneous ;
primary —_———* — ca SP -3 teh), heow simple, farished "with small and
ave branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate,
auriculate at the base, concave, plicate, costate nearly to the apex, serrate above,
a minute elliptical areolation ; capsule cylindrical. —On the ground, or 0D
very much decayed logs, in moist shady woods. (Tab.19.) (Eu.)
C. pexprotpes, Web. = —_: schemes in Europe, x with - —- and
capsule, obtuse
Se ee, and ferries scareriaecion key
Gampshire, Oakes.

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 67

Trine XXXV. HYPNEZ.
80. HYPNUM, Dill. (Tab. 19.)

Calyptra dimidiate, small, fugacious. Operculum between hemispherical-
adiculate ard conic-rostrate. Capsule ovate or cylindrical, more or less une-
qual, uspally arcuate-cernuous. Peristome double ; the exterior 16 linear-lan-

the inner hee by ope cross-bars ; the interior 16 carinate proce
cilia, arising from a plicate membrane, with 1- zt rellid lz between os pair.
nflorescence moneecious, dicecious, or polygamous.— A genus, as generally
received, ae a wey: abi number of species, which, ae in habit
d y for the most part be combined i
groups, many of them icidiy of generic value. (‘Yvoy, an ancient cand
name for some sort of Moss.)

sa THUIDIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems profusely villous, prostrate or ascend-
1 -3-pinnate ; branchlets mostly short, slender, crowded : stem-leaves

ovate, long-acuminate ; those of the iimaklon much smaller, ovate, and ovate-lance-

olate ; all papillose ; areolation dot-like, granulated, opaque ; costa subcontinuous,

translucent : capsule CRE or cylindrical, more or less cernuous: operculum

hemispherical-apiculate or conic-rostrate.
. H. tamariscinum, Hedw. Diccious ; stems prostrate ; ramification
closely 3-pinnate ; stem-leaves with reflexed and crenulate-denticulate margins ;

rate. — On the ground and old logs.— A large and very com-

2. H. delicatulum, L. Diccious; very much like the preceding,
but its ramification n only 2-pinnate ; rae conic, acuminate, not rostrate ;
peric 1 leaves not fringed. —On the ground, in dry places. — Mountains of
Pennsylvania: rare. (Eu.)

3. H. mintitulum, Hedw. Monecious; smaller than the preceding,
with a simply pinnate ramification ; capsule horizontal, oval, nearly regular ;
operculum large, convex-conic, with a long slender beak. — On decayed logs, in
woods; not rare. (Eu.)

4. H. pygmum, Bryol. Europ. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 275.) Much
smaller than the last ; ramification 2-pinnate ; leaves more suddenly acuminated ;

cheetial leaves elongated, with a more lax reticulation. — Shaded ravines, on
limestone mk Central Ohio ; growing with H. minutissimum.— Among the
smallest of th

a 4. . Moneecious; intermediate in size between No.
2 and 3; ramification pinnate ; easily recognized by its pla iy nearly regu-
lar, and crect capsule, with a conical, shortly rostrate operculum. — Hilly dis-
tricts, on the base of trees, wstcaate eee

6. Hi. gracile, Br. & Sch. Monecious ; size and ramification as in the
last ; capsule oblong, i -d 3 operculum convex-conic, apiculate. —

68 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

On decayed logs, in deep woods. — Varies in the papilloseness of the leaves arid
the shape of the operculum. — Var. Ravewxéut1, which occurs in South Caro-
lina on brick walls, is smaller in size ; leaves more papillose ; capsule more
slender, and with a longer comic, acute operculum, borne on a strikingly cyyneus
pedicel : perhaps a distinct specie:

Ti abietinum, L. Dicecious; stems erect, sparingly and dichoto-
mously divided, simply pinnate; branchlets iphegeemert capsule cylindrical,
suberect, slightly incurved ; operculum conic. — Mts. of New England. (En.)

2, ELODIUM, Sulliv.— Stems villous, ascending, 1 -2-divided, distantly pin-

- nate: branchlets s pressed : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, not papillose, striate ;
areolation a costa continuous: capsule oblong, cernuous: oper-
culum convexr-conic

8. Hi. paludosum, Sulliv. Dicecious ; stems 3’—4’ long ; eh hie
lowi sat n, with a cordate-concave base, the margins recurved, en
Swamps, Northern and Middle States.

$3. eScorenny Bryol. Europ. — Stems villous, ee divis-
ions few, irregularly pinnate ; leaves broadly lanceolate, more or less ——
or reflex bicostate ; areolation hie ier short, rite
zontal, annulate: operculum short-conie or conic-rostellate : whee
= r mi, L. Diccious; leaves pale green, age Sd
m an ovate concave loosely imbricating base, acuminate, su
oes: aoa. ovate-globose ; operculum conyex-conic, ae
grassy places, woodlands of ata — Seldom fruits, (Eu.)
10. Hi. triquétrum, L. Dicecious; divisions of the stem somewhat
fastigiate ; the branchlets elongated, deflexed, acute; leaves bright g i

mammillate. — On the puis in — The largest of our ar Hypna. (Eu.)

ll. H. breviréstre, Ehrh. Ee the branches subfasciculately
ged ; stem-leaves broadly cordate, suddenly acuminate, decurrent, sul-
cate; branch-leaves ovate-lanceolate, not squarrose ; capsule ventricose-ovate ;
operculum conic-rostellate. — Rocks, and base of trees, Alleghany Mountains.
— Foliage greenish-yellow : smaller Ca the last two species. (Eu.)
§4. PLEUROZIUM, Sulliv.— Stems vi

8,.areuate-prostrate, increasing by an-

nual, asi simple or 2~3-pinnate proli pascal leaves concave, patent, broadly

ovate or ol sate, more or less acuminate, membranous, shining, shortly bieostate,

or semicostate ; areolati fleruous: capsule roundish-ovate : opercul ic
or conic-acuminate.

12. H. spléndens, Hedw. Diccious; stems 3’-6! long, composed
3~5 distinct, closely a frond-like growths or innovations ; stem-leaves
pong ditt eerie, uminate, shortly 2-costate, serrulate ; opercm

aie (Eu.)

1. aca cdickeuen, Ehrh. Dicecious; stems fuachealately and bipin-
nately branched ; branchlets incurved ; leaves cordate, acuminate, plicate, bicos-

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 69

e base, serrate; operculum short-conic.— Shaded rocks; Alleghany
Mountains. (Eu.)

14. H. Oakésii, Sulliv. (1848, and Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4, p.
173, t. 5.) Dicecious; stems with elongated, arcuate, subcompressed, distantl
ramulose innovations; branchlets incurved; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate,
plicate, scmicostate, the upper half sharply and irregularly dentate; capsule
gibbose-ovate, drooping; operculum conical, acute ; pedicels long. (H. fimbri
atum, Hartm. Skand. Flora, 1849. H. Pyrenaicum, Spruce, in Ann. Nat. Hist.
1849.) — White Mountains of New Fen pubic, ‘ike . — Intermediate between
H. umbratum and H. brevirostre; larger than either. (Eu.)

45. THAMNIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Primary stems rhizoma-like ; secondary ones

arcuate-erect, below leafless, above simple, flat-branched, somewhat dendroid: leaves
ovate-lanceolate ; arcolation a elliptical ; costa stout, subcontinuous: capsule
turgid, suboval, unequal, cer: operculum rostrate: pedicels short, aggregated.

15. Hi. ee ae Mull. Hermaphrodite; leaves dark green,
strongly serrated above, as is the costa on the back. — Rocky margins of moun-
tain rivulets.

§ 6. ISOTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ.— Main stem prostrate, small-leaved ; the
principal branches ascending, below simple, above with an —— JSasciculate
ramification: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, semicostate ; areolation minute,
linear, gf aaa ule oblong, nearly erect, subequal : operculum rostrate.
16. Hi. senna L. Diccious; branchlets ie arcuate ;

leaves ovate-acuminate, serrulate.— Trunks of trees, and rocks, in hilly dis-

tricts : rare. 3

§7. EURHYNCHIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems prostrate, extended, gogbi
subpinnately or * fasciculately bra nched : leaves loose or SE je vate or
acuminate, unicostate; areolation oval-rhomboidal or elongat capsule oval, un-
equal, cernucus : operculum conic, usually long-rostrate : a tancth or Nedra

a

17. Hi. hians, Hedw. Diccious; grows in thin loose patches; stems
prostrate, elongated, distantly pimated coche short, subcompressed ;
leaves roundish-ovate, serrulate, spreading, loose ; costa suddenly ceasing more

than half-way. — On the eroahd, in sioae
18. Hi. Sullivamtii, Spruce. Diccious; smaller than the last, with a
condensed and subfascicukate mode of growth; stems somewhat tirm, stolonif-
erous ; branches ding, subterete ; stem-leaves elongated-ovate, those of the
branches near laneolte, - ———— Senne a more or
less papillose 5 rostrum of the
rather short. (H. graminicolor ( Brid. ?), Wils. § Hook. in Drum. S.
Mosses, No. 133.) — Woods, on the banks of rivulets, Ohio and Peay franc :

* Pedicels smooth.
19. Hi. strigheum, Hofin Pseudo-moncecious ; st m creeping, stolo-
niferous ; main branche distichously or sabhaciocac trad
ulose ; branchlets attenuated ; leaves crowded, spreading, cordate, oblong-ovate,

70 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

somewhat obtuse, serrulate ; costa ceasing near the apex.— Wooded hill-sides,
on the ground. (Eu.)

20. H. diversifolium, Bryol. Europ. Dicecious; very near the pre-
ceding, but has a more simple ramification, obtuse turgid branchlets, and leaves
more res sely imbricating ; those of the stem and branches deltoid-ovate, acumi-
— —— . of the branchlets ovate-obtuse. — Sandy soil ; + hilly por-

ns of Southern Ohio, Lesquereur. (Eu.)

21. H. aie Schwegr. Dicecious ; stems prostrate, with a somewhat
fasciculate ramification; branches ‘aisicaens turgid, terete, obtuse, flaccid ;

leaves densely imbricated, ovate from a broad auriculate base, apiculate, very
concave, serrate ; costa extending more than half-way. — On the ground, mostly
in hilly and wooded districts. — A large species, with golden yellow foliage:
does not well associate with the four preceding species in a natural arrange
ment.

§8 RHYNCOSTEGIUM, hehe “pis — Stems prostrate, irregularly branched,
more or less compressed : leaves ovate an ovate-lanceolate, unicostate or shortly bi-
areolation ect owt ted ana capsule oval and inelined,

or tins and cern
oh ii. eas Hedw. Moneecious; leaves pale green, membra-
us, lax, bifariously directed, spreading, ovate lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate,
cxatate beyond the middle; capsule oblong, cernuous.— On the ground, in dry
woods, forming thin strata ; occasionally scadousca. the branches becoming

cylindrical.

- iH. romney W.P. Sch. Dicecions; stems and obtuse branch-
es very flat, profusely rooting underneath their whole length; leaves bright
green, shining, —— distichously imbricating, broadly ovate-lanceolate, ser-

sh costate ; capsule gibbose-oblong ; annulus na . depres-
sum, James, in - Amer, Acad. 1855.) —Dry woods, in doen; thin mats,
near the ground, on stones and roots of trees, — Fruit ra

24. Hi. ruscifoérme, Weis. Moneecions ; branches somewhat arcuate,
fasciculate, elongated, very slightly couipecsead - leaves oblong-ovate, shortly
acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes subsecund, costate nearly to the apex ;
ee oval, rather inearved ; annulus large. — Mountain rivulets: frequent. —
A rather rigid species, with lurid green foliage of a firm texture. (Eu.)

§ 9. RAPHIDOSTEGIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems prostrate, siren)
ramification irregular : leaves subsecu secund, oblong-l ortly bicos-
tate ; the margins reflexed ; areolation minute, linear, ner the =a 5 cellules
ac of the basal angles Biba es inflated : capsule oblong, suberect or cer-
nuous: operculum subulate : small spec.

25. A. demissum, W Moneecious ; stems — elongated, spar-
ingly branched ; leaves ohare shining, rather Jax, narrowly acuminate,
costate ; capsule narro narrowly elliptical, horizontal, cernuous. (H. Rugelianum,
Bryol. Europ.) — Mountainous districts. — Usually grows in thin flakes, on the
inclined faces of moist exposed rocks: variable. When much shaded, and on

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 71

horizontal surfaces, it assumes om —— and larger growth, ani becomes H.
Marylandicum and H. Carolinianum, Mull. Synop. (Eu.)

roc uma, ©. Mall. Mon neecious ; growth close and en-
tangled; branches short, recurved ; |
narrowly oblong-lanceolate, concave, obsoletely short-costate ; capsule more or
less symmetrical, erect or inclined; ciliole of the peristome often
(Leskea adnata, Michx.) — Tranks of trees, in the Southern States.

27. H. cylindricarpum, Mull. Synop. (1851). Diccious; stems
prostrate, Bi devcids se branched ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, with a long-atten-
uated serrate aa bifariously imbricated, falcate-secund, ecostate ; capsule
elongated-cylindrical, regular and erect, or slightly unequal and curved ; ciliolae
of the inner siertantiaa ean (Muse. Alleghan. No. 60. Leskea tenuiros-
tris, W. P. Sch.; Ed. 1, 1848.) —- Grows in close, yellowish, shining mats on
logs, in woods, ey Mountains and Central Ohio.

28. H. rectirvanms, Schwegr. Monecious ; forms palish-green shining

mats, fruiting abundantly ; leaves earidasty imbricating, ovate-lanceolate from
a constricted base, secund-falcate, strongly eee near the point, thy two faint
costz at the base ; capsule short-oval, | urved. — Decayed logs, Alle-
ean Mountains. Very common, and vasable io in size.

9. H. albulum, C. Mull. Moneecious; stems and branches flat ; leaves
oe spreading, bifarious, oblong-lanceolate, slightly serrulate and subsecund,

dark to pale-whitish green: difficult to distinguish from small forms of H. re-
curvans ; the alar cellules less distinct and inflated.

#10. LIMNOBIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Main stems prostrate, irregularly branched,
ascending: leaves varying from orbicular to elongateddanceolate, shortly unicostate
or obsoletely bicostate; cellules oblong or linear : cae = or oblong, cer-
nuous : operculum hemispherical, apiculate, or short-con
30. H. eugyrium, Bryol. Europ. (Muse. Bor.-Am ‘0. 303.) Mo-

were ve pest — —_ — iroguarly divided ; leaves

, concave, more

or ties complicate and contorted, secund, subfaleate, shortly bicostate, the ex-
cavated basal angles composed of large pellucid falvous cellules; capsule oblong,
zernuous-incurved ; annulus very broad. (H. palustre, James, in Pioceed. Acad.

Nat. Sci. 1855. Limnobium rufescens, Schimp. ined.) — White nese New

page ana Oakes, James. Smoky Mountains, Tennessee, Rugel. — H. palustre,

L., Bryol. Europ., (common in vernon eaten Drummond,) not yet found within
our Taidul has no annulus ; les of the | re different. (Eu.)
31. Hi. méille, Dickson. Monucens: somewhat larger than the preced-

capsule anes, turgid. — — Mountain rivulets, North Carolina, Curtis, Lesquereux,
Eu.)

72 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

82. ‘eis Sdearesaancne Turner. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 305.) D
ste d branches extended ; leaves varying from ovate-lanceolate to
sae Gina ore or less contorted, concave, falcate, striated ;
costa single or forked, extending to the middle; capsule annulate, oval, incurved,
with a short erect collum. (H. caulescens, Sulliv. g Lesgx. ined.) — Mountains
of New England, Oakes, Eaton, Frost, James. (Eu.)

33. H. montanum, Wils. in James, Enum.1.¢. (Muse. Bor -Amer
No. 306.) Not unlike the last in general aspect; but a smaller species, with
monecious ore ; differing from H. palustre by its broad annulus ; and
fro tre by its tees longer and more suddenly acuminated from a
aieskcienss oase, subsquarrose, more or less falcate-secund, with reflexed and dis-
asia aap margins, a shorter costa, and a looser reticulation, (H. rivulo-

v. & Lesgx. ined.) — White Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes, James.

$11. seetioate Sulliv. — Stems erect, ascending ; the divisions few, simple
or subpinnately branched, terete, turgid: leaves more or less closely indi
ovate and oblong, seat ly concave, not striate; membranous, shining ; eetules
minute, linear ; costa variable: capsule oblong, unequal, horizontal: opercutum
convex-conie : rather oie, species, en Sound in wet places.

34. WH. cuspidatum, L. Dicci srt stems 5’-7? long; main divisions
simply es and, like the branchlets ate ; leaves pale ett 8
oblong-ovate or oblong, obtusely pointed; aes bicostate ; cellules at the
angles large, subquadrate and pellucid; capsule gradually tapering into =
pedicel, shortly operculate, and broadly annulate. — Grassy marshy places. (Eu.)

35. H. Schréberi, Willd. Diccious; much like the preceding, but

easily known by its bright red stems, visible through the pale green or fulvous
foliage, obtuse branches, perichztial leaves not striate, and the absence of an
annulus. — On the ground, in moist woods. ay

36. H. cordiféliuma, Hedw. Monecious ; stems 6/- 8! long; divisions
simple or very sparingly branched ; leaves lr sailor distant, spreading, ovate-
blong, obtuse, costate nearly to the apex, decarrent ; basal cellules large, pel-

lucid ; caps elk oo oblong, exannulate. — essa (Eu

)
oecious ; stems robust, 7'-10! long, flexu-

bien: broadly ovate, obtuse, flaccid, ecostate; the margins above usa ally
inflexed, — and springy places. (Eu.)

38. Hi. stra tum, Dickson. Diccious; stems 6/-8’ long, very
slender, erect, pres simple ; leaves straw-colored, ovate-oblong, obtuse, not
crowded, costate beyond the m ; annulus absent. —Sphagnous swamps,

Eng’

39. Hi. trifariam, Web. & Mohr. Dicecious; closely resembling the
last, but a larger species, very brittle when dry; leaves brownish-green, some-
what 3-ranked, more closely imbricated, not so long, broader and more obtuse,
and only semicostate ; capsule more turgid, and broadly annulate. — Cranberry
marshes, Northern Ohio. (Eu.)

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 73

4 12. HARP{DiUM, Sulliv. — Stems rootless, ascending, fastigiately divided; di

sions long, subpinnately branched ; branches more or less leaves
fry WigacmeT falcate-secund, subcontinuously texture membrana-
tion minute, linea’ sule oblong, cylindrical, :

us, firm; areola

pitied longs operculum short, convex-conic : mostly marsh-speci

40. H. uncinatum, Hedw. Monocious; stems 2/—4! long, somewha

rigid ; leaves crowded, gradually lanceolate-subulate from a — base, plicate-
striate, serrulate, ae — the midd le; oe cylindrical, erect-cernuous ;
_annulus broad. — Rocks and decayed logs, i st places, White Moonsies of
New Hampshire, pate et pee sail als yellowish-green turfs. (Eu.)

41. H. revélwens, Swartz.- Monecious; distinguished from the pre-

ceding by its softer, dark purple, sabe more linear leaves, when dry rather tor-
tuous, not plicate, with a shorter ema and by its somewhat incurved oblong
capsule. — Marshes and bogs, Northern Ohio. u.)

42, WI. fitiitams, L. Monccious; stems longer than in the last two
cies ; stem-leaves elongated-lanceolate, remote, lees often not falcate-secund,
—" Cragaes = the point; — vee bovepe incurved-horizontal, with a

bse wamps and stagnant water. — Celor

; an
usually dark green. (Eu.
43. HL. eee Hedw. Dicecious ; typical form slenderer than in
the th ; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a short
compre ie: costa seuchitie nearly to the point, and a somewhat rectangular are-
elation; alar cellules large, inflated, pellucid; capsule turgid, incurved-oblong.
amps and ar.

tone , Penn., Les-
quereur.— Var.? G1GANTEUM, Bryol. Europ. “ Ethans Pond” is > Willey Meas:
tain, New Hampshire, James. St. Paul, Minnesota, eae: (Eu.)

$13. CRATONEURON, Sulliv. — Stems p: ascending, villous and
densely radiculose ; the divisions few, esta nets carsting leaves sjandbibetiep
lanceolate-attenuated from a cordate base, spreading or fulcate-secund ; areolation

‘ong ; costa stout, subcontinuous : capone ‘nro cernuous : operculum
sree — Mostly in wet places, on calea
44. Hi. filicinum,, L. Dicecious ; leaves ea concave; annulus sim-

ple.— Wet places, on dripping rocks, io. . commutatum, Hedw., a

closely related species found in British ‘Aesiions| is a somewhat larger plant ;

having the leaves softer, longer-attenuated, plicate, and more falcate, with a

compound annulus. (Eu.)

4 14. PT{LIUM, shui — Stems erect, large, rigid, rootless, villous, simple or
dichotomous, with one or two short innovations, densely cristate-pinnate, frond-like :
leaves pile lanceolate, attenuated, circinnate-secund, obsoletely bicostate, sulcate ,
areolation minute, linear: capsule cylindrical, incurved-horizontal : operculum con-
vexr-conic : pedicels long.

45. H. Crista-Castrénsis, L. Diccious; leaves yellowish or ful
vareagpemenne © ihe er in mountainous districts ; a striking, showy _
beds, many rods in extent. (Eu.)

species, 2 aise of oF

74 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

(15. HYPNUM Prorer.— Stems procumbent or ascending, irregularly divided,
with a more or less densely pinnate ramification, sparingly villous: leaves ovate-lan-
ally subsecund

f ly
icostate, membranaceous, shining ; cellules linear, compact: capsule annulate,
mostly oblong and erect-cernuous: operculum aie more or less rostellate.

46. Hi. mollascum, Hedw. Dic ; grows in soft mats; stems
procumbent cr ascending, Aiehoenmunly vi the divisions very closely
and pinnately ramulose, much as in No. dissommaaanted incurved at their
points ; leaves suddenly lanceolate-attenuate ae a broad base, faleate-secund,
serrate ; capsule horizontal, turgid-oval. — On rocks nor on the ground, in dense
woods ; — in mountainous regions. (Eu.)

47. H. cupressiférme, L. Diccious ; stems creeping, irregularly or
subpinnately ramulose ; leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate, attenuated, often ser-
rulate at the point, ibcsipaeiunbs capsule oblong or cylindrical, erect-cernu-
ous; annulus broad; operculum convex-conic, more or less acutely rostellate.

illy districts, on the trunks of trees, rocks, or on the ground, in shaded
places. — Very variable. (Eu.)

48. H. imponens, Hedw. Diccious; stems prostrate, extended, di-
vided, regularly and closely pinnate; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, long-acu-
minate, falcate-secund, sharply serrate at the point, the margins below reflexed ;

n th

orming extensive thin mats, in localities not mountainous. —
of our eas common species. (Eu.)

49. Hi. réptile, Michx. Monecious ; stems slender, creeping, reese
subpinnately ramulose ; leaves somwalhone: moderately acuminated, su
cund, more or less faleate, strongly serrate at the point; capsule cy ee
erect-cernuous ; operculum large, rostellate from a tamid base. — Smaller than
the last ; occurs only in mountainous districts, where it is very common. (Eu.

50, HM. curvifOlium, Hedw. Diccious; in general aspect like No. 47
and 48, but larger, and not so pinnately ramulose ; readily recognized by its
and, when dry, sulcate capsule ; and by the conspicuous whit-

‘ity ease, ‘etetuaial loss eaves, — Grows with No. 48.

ma, Grev. Monecious; stems creeping, iregu-

oblong-lanceolate, entire, spreading. or less secund; capsule eepesies:
cylindrical, nearly erect, slightly ineuryed ; operculum acutely donic or subro
tellate. — Grows in same places as the last. sal nt

52. H. memordsum, Koch. Mon creeping, elongated,

pi
with several main divisions, which are ia: ne aaa and fasciculately
-Famulose ; branchlets subcompressed ; leaves ovate-lanccolate, with a long and
narrow — serrate and subflexuous point, patent, more or less secund;
capsule erect-incurved ; operculum Se erat, «- Tacayed logs, om
“summits of the Alleghany Mountains. — About the size of No. 48. (Eu.)

53, . praténse, Koch. Dicecious (in Enuropean specimens pseudo-
monatcious, Big Europ.) ; stems ascending, divided, subfastigiately branched

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 75

branches spaxingly ramulose; cauline leaves subcomplanate, decurved at the
apex (those of the branches secund-falcate), ovate-lanceolate, sieasaly serrulate
above; capsule cernuous, incurved-oblong ; operculum convex-conic. — Wet
rocks on the ground, forming loose spongy masses, New York: rare. — Resem-
bles No. 50, and large forms of No. 47; but its ramification and mode of zrowih
are quite different. (Eu.)
§ 16. coe bec Sulliv. — Stems prostrate; the main divisions robust, rigid,
arcuate ng, irregularly pinnate, with short subuncinate branchlets: leaves
ana MRE! sine. often secund and Siege undulate-rugose, semicos-
tate; areolation compact, linear, fleruous : Pi “— indrical, arcuate-horizontal :
operculum conic, shortly rostellate: calyptra
54. Hl. rugosum, Ehrh. pala stems erect, 2/~3! high; foliage
yellow or fulvous. — Grows in large elastic cushions, mostly in exposed places,
on limestone rocks : not uncommon ; but extremely rare in fruit. (En.)

417. BRACHYTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems prostrate, rarely suberect ,
ramification profuse, irregular, occasionally subpinnate: leaves erect-patent, usually
ovate or Creienraar more or less acuminate, the margins below recurved; areo-

rboidal, more or less elongated ; costa ceasing half-way, or continuous :
herec pedi

cme ovate or emeg bie cernuous or suberect: operculum convex-conic :
* Pedicels smooth,
Hi. nitens, $ Moneecious; stems tomentose, suberect, 3/-5!

lon, interruptedly and tig ramulose; leaves yellowish-green, shining,
gated-lanceolate, ert: strongly sulcate-plicate ; costa light, ae!

nous ; capsule oblong, cernuous; operculum short, convex-conic, apiculate ;

nulus large; pedicels 1’- v rts — Sphagnous oe Northern and Midate

States. (Eu.)

56. Hi. salebrosuma, Hoffm. Moneeions ; stems 3! - Fed long, prostrate,

gularly branched ; Jeaves moderately acuminated from a rounded base, sub-

seatalate slightly striate ; areolation broader and more lax near seins base; costa

slender, vanishing about midway; capsule gibbose-ovate, turgid, cernuous ; an-

nulus small; pedicels 6//- 10” tins perichetial leaves subsquarrose. — On

ground, decayed logs, rocks, &c.; common and variable. — Foliage yellowish-

green and shining. (Tab. V.) (E 3

57. i. lietum, ier thes like — —_ ee Bae iy 56;
Bus more slender, with a'

rescence. — Similar situations.

08. H acuminitum, Bes Dicecious ; resembles the last species ;
but is every way smaller; stems pani dandy entangled ; the branches
crowded, ascending ; eaves slightly spreading, ovate-lanceolate, serrulate near

i y

the point, costate the middle, the mi :
cylindrical, nearly regular, erect, or slightly curved; annulus none; ciliole of
the inner peristome present or absen nata, Hedw.)—On the

_ and decayed logs, in moist, shady places. -Prominent among its many
leaves shorter ; branches subjulaceous ; capsule

76 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

shorter. — On dry rocks. Var. seTOsum: branches more elongated and co aD
leaver aitenuated, of a yellowish silky hue. — Base of trees, in dry pla
* * Pedicels rough.

9. HI. spe tess » L. Monecious; stems 3’-—5! lopz, prostrate or
arcuate, with an irregular er Licenses ascending ; leaves pale green,
broadly ovate ma ovate-lanceolate, os sa mE “ shining, substriate
only when dry, costate above half-way ; capsule oval o ; annu-
lus large; perichztial leaves re Sad vaginula seieelan pilose: a large
species. — On the ground, in wet and springy places. (Eu u.)

60. H. plumosum, L. (Bryol. Europ.) Monecious; stems 3/-4/
long, creeping branches ascending, ramulose ; meh yellowish-green or reddish-
rown, ovate and deltoid-ovate, with a short rathes oblique ke serrulate above,

icostate, estriate; capsule gibbous, oval, inclined; annulus narrow; only
ae upper half of the pedicel scabrous. (H. cu pmon, Brid., Mull. ;
also H. chrysostomum, Michx.) — Alleghany rheinseat (Eu.)

61. H. popitleum, Hedw. Monecious ; stems 2/-3/ long, a
branched ; branches ascending or arcuate ; bates gradually and narrowly lan
olate, acuminate, serrulate above ; the costa continuous; capsules numerous,
small, roundish-ovate, Jepacind a sm ao species, with yellowish silky Pine
(H. reflexum, James i Penida cad. Philad., 1855. Peivrones and trunks
trees, in hilly ‘eis (Eu.)

. H. Féndleri, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor -Amer. No. 334.) Polygamous
(staminate, pistillate, and herma: ermaphrodite flowers on the same plant); stems
O-

Pp ;
1 -2' long, creeping; branches erect, simple or ramulose; leaves ovate-lance
late, serrulate, semicostate ; capsule oval-oblong, suberect, rarely unequal and
a ; ciliolae a6 the peristome rudimen ent; operculum conic, with

se r m; pedicels slightly scabrous below, smooth above: resem-
bles the 3 Bape a velutinum, Z. (Leskea Fendleri, 5100 in Mem, Amer
ser. 4, p. 170, t. 1.) — Dry rocks, Santa Fé, New co, Fendler.
63. fe refléxum, Starke. Monecious; stems procumbent, filiform, 2/-
' long; branches crowded, slender, arcuate ; eaick rather distant, decurrent,
broadly or ‘eit te, suddenly and nai Sarcouly lanceolate, spreading at their
avily costate to the apex; capsule globose-ovate, horizontal.
{H. subtenue, James, 1. c.) — Rocks, and base of trees, White Mountains of New
Hampshire, Oukes, James. (Eu.)
64. MI. Starkii, Web. & Motr. Monccious; resembles the last species,
Pe is much larger, and has a slenderer costa extending about half-way up the
leaf. — White Mountains of New Hampshire, Oakes. (Eu.
65. HM. rivulare, Bryol. Europ. Distinguished from H. rutabulum by
its eo ewhat — size, more rigid stems, firmer, wider, shorter, an su
' leaves, with a ave costa, papillose pedicels (1/-14/ aes
and essentially by its diwcious inflorescence. — Wet rocks, mountains of Ni
England and of Pennsylvania. (Eu.)
_ 66. i. Nova-Angliz, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.Amer. No. 338.)
}; stems 14/-2! long, rather stiff; main divisions arcuate-ascending,

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 77

_ irregularly pinnate and, like the branchlets, subjulaceous; leaves patent-in-

scarcely rostrate ; pe eds 6"”—7" long ; pericheetial leaves filiformly attenuated.
— Mountains of New England, Oakes, Frost, James, Eaton. — Approaches the
last species; but that is twice as large, and has more elongated, spreading,
membranous, plicate, distant, and less concave leaves, with a more glossy
face. e growth, ramification, and operculum separate it from H.

§ 18. CAMPYLIUM, Sulliv.— Stems prostrate, with an irregular, crowded rami-
fication, or ascending and fastigiutely branched : leaves suddenly long-acuminate
Jrom a broadly ovate base, rrose, scarcely costate, scarious ; areolation sre
linear, esc capsule subcylindrical, erect-cernuous : ae convex-coni

. HW. stelatum, Schreb. Diccio stems ascending, kedguang
Siealictiall es 4! high, rather stout ; leaves Aititllevate long-acuminate, entire,
ecostate, the margins reflexed below, the basal angles excavated and furnished
with wig diaphanous cellules. Bees and marshes: grows in compact turfs.
t rare: foliage yellowish, shining. (Eu.)
rphum, Bryol. Europ. Dicecious ; a more slender
; ro

cordate-ovate at the base, entire, less squarrose, unicostate “way ; without
diaphanous cellules at the basal angles. — Moist and shaded clayey banks. (Eu.)
69. H. hispidulum, Brid. Monecious, much smaller than the last ;

©)
tate at the base; the margins minutely dentate.— Dry places, at the base
trees, or on the ground; rocky hill-sides : oie close bright-green mats.

§ 19. HETEROCLADIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems prostrate, divided, radicu-

lose, sparingly ies, irregularly and subpinnately ramulose : leaves of two forms ;

the cauli ima a opted the ramuline roundish-ovate, obtuse,

ber li denticulate and state at the base, more or less papillose ;

central ioule se shlang-hexaagoecd; the marginal subquadrate: capsule oblong,
cernuous : operculum conic, obtuse or slightly rostellate.

70. HW. dimor IY, Brid. Diccious; stems 1/-2! long, filiform,
rigid, fragile, with minute, opaque, dark green and lustreless leaves. — Dry
shaded rocks, Ellis hives, White Mountains of New Hampshire, James. (Eu.)
§ 20. AMBLYSTEGIUM, Bryol. Europ. — Stems creeping, much and irregu-
larly branched : leaves erect-patent, rarely bifariously directed, ovate and ovate-tan-
ceolate, mostly exes areolation heragonal-rhomboidal ; costa variable: capsule
g or cylindrica or less curved : operculum convex-conic.

71. WH. ia, Hoffm. Monecious; branches crowded, erect; leaves
distant, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ecostate, spreading or slightly secund, with
um

G8 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

72. Hi. minutissimum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 343.)
Moncecious ; stems capillary, irregularly branched ; leaves ecostate, subentire,
of the stem narrowly lanceolate from a broadly ovate base, widely spread-

ing; branch-leaves much smaller, linear-lanceolate, subappressed ; capsule obo-
vate, inclined, cernuous; operculum la: he ee apiculate ; an-
nulus simple, narrow; inner peristome ciliolate ; perichstial leaves sted
and irregularly serrate. (Musc. Alleghan. with H. pygm

um, in close, thin, deep-green strata, on See rocks; in shaded ravines,
Penn. and Ohio. — The smallest of our Hypna. Closely allied to H. confer-
bivatone exon de and H. Pilabers, “Hybond ae first i is Mo as large, and has a

an 1 leaves; the second
is is disecious) with cilinte-denitate ares we jeaves ; but in all other. respects
(even in the capsule, which is pana described as erect and regular) it
approaches very near to this spe

3. datum, Hedw. Monecious; leaves closely imbricated, ovate
and ied lacsecien; suddenly acuminated, mages shortly bicostate, the mar-
gins nearly entire and reflexed below; capsule oblong, erect-cernuous ; perichs-
tial leaves irregularly denticulate.— A small species, aisha in thin, close
mats, on stones near the surface of the ground ; seldom o

74, H. sérpens, Hedw. Monecious; stems s pee divided, closely
flex

75. H. radicale, Brid. (Bryol. Europ.) Monecious; closely related
to the preceding, but larger and more rigid; leaves entire, longer and more

localities as the last ; likewise very variable. — (In Bryol. Europ. a new species,
Amblystegium serratum, near this, is indicated, with smaller strungly serrated
leaves and a shorter costa: founded on specimens from Reading, Penn.) (Eu.)
76. Hi. orthécladon, Beauv. Monecious; larger than H. radicale,
with longer, ge oe: succulent, upright and straight branches ivney its spe-
cific name) ; es flaccid, entire, shorter-acuminate from
base ; costa eeoue. areolation smaller. — Wet springy shia
77. H. not vihugasere mes — & est (inse,, Bor. nes: ee merit

erect-incurved, narrow
fluviatile, James, in Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1855.) —Abounds in lime
stone springs, Franklin County, Penn., Prof. Porter. —A stout, rigid, dark-
green Moss, resembling Amblystegium irriguum, var. fallax, Bryol. Europ. fase

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 79

56, emend., but is a larger plant, the leaves narrower and entire, with a much

Europ. :
H. noterophilum appears not unlike H. filicinum, var. Vallisclause, Bryol, Brit.
(H. Vallisclause, Brid.), but differs in the inflorescence.

78. HI. riparium, Hedw. Monecious; stems much elongated, the di-
visions distantly and subpinnately branched ; leaves usually remote, bifariously
directed, ovate and oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, costate half-way ; thin;
areolation minute, linear-rhomboidal ; are oblong, cernuous. — Common

stones in rivulets. — Quite variable. (Eu.)

79. TH. potsgamum, Bryol. Enrop. Staminate, ape and_her-

maphrodite flowers in clusters, 2nd on the same stem; stems procumbent or
ascending, irregularly and sw soe branched ; leaves ahs. ram sub-
squarrose, long and subulately acuminated from a concave, cordate, or ovate-

lanceolate base, the point variously directed, costate half-way, or more or less
distinctly bicseiste at the base, scarious ; areolation minute, linear; the cellules

rrent angles enlarged, plisoe? capsule yea cernuous, broadly
Gags Gicane: British America, Drummond.— Very m h like H. stel-
latum, but somewhat smaller, and not so harsh a rates

0. HH. Lesettrii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer. No. 350.) Moncecious;
stems prostrate; branches erect, Pe or divided ; nae lax, widely sp
ing, broadly ovate, very shortly acuminated, concave, with a thickened erircan
border composed of several ae of linear flexuous cellules, which elsewhere
rhombic-oval; costa stout, extending to the seerulate point ; apteed pea

allu-

cernuous, broadly annulate ; quceende acutely conic.—On w et Tr
lah Falls, Georgia, Lesquereux. Also Brattle dng “Vibaias t, hd
§ 21. PLAGIOTHECIUM, Bryol. Europ.— Stems jrocumbent or erect, spar-

ingly branched ; branches usually subcompressed or complanate, Pe assurgent,
mostly simple: leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, more or less unsymmetrical, ecos-
. tate or shortly bicostate ; areolation elongated-rhomboidal, or linear and fleruous :
capsule oblique, cylindrical, moderately curved, sometimes oblong, erect, and equal.

* Inflorescence
81. H. denticulatum, L. Stems prostrate, 2!-3! long, stoloniferous ;
ce obliquely cahnacunianl. shortly bicostate, paces i
y reflexed; areolation narrow and elongated; capsule oblong inclined ;
neha conic, acute ; meses bai compound ; pedicel loose
tufts, on tussocks, in s of moist rocks: variable. —On the
White Mountains, N. a occurs what may be a form of this species;
but e is vovapenl with an upright growth, and an erect regular and narrowly
ing

Era mete it that its inner peristome is ciliolate, and even i in this respect not

ring from specimens received from W. P. Schimper under that name. (Eu.)

82. H. Muhlenbéchii, Bryol. Europ. Stems scarcely 1’ long, ascend-

ing; branches short, arcuate-erect, fasciculate ; leaves complanate, ovate-lance-

olate, long-acuminate, su subsecund, serrulate, shortly bicostate, decurrent; cel-

lules at the basal angles Papa f and inflated, elsewhere much smaller, elongated-
G. M.

80 MUSCI. (MOSSES.)

mboidal ; capsule suberect or oblique, oblong, tapering at the base, slightly
incurved, broadly annulate ; operculum convex-conic. — Alleghany Mountains,
on rocks and the ground. (Eu, )

gated, linear, flexuous areolat the margins erect; capsule ditkingly small
for the size of the plant, elie oblique, oderatie.t incurved ; operculum
lala — Sphagnous marshes ; Louisiana, Drummond, S. Mosses, No. 110:

Augusta, Georgia, pia — When immersed in warm water, it imparts to it a
saaiitel saffron color.

ree

PS
Ivaticum, es Rese mbles very much No, 81, but, besides its

ed, w. gi
i retexéd capsule evtinatal: annulus narrow and simple ; pedicels pale ;
operealam much longer, and distinctly rostrate.— White Mountains of New
Hampshire, Oakes: rare. — Subject to varieties. )

85. Hl. Sullivantize, W. P. Sch. Mode of growth upright; branches
slightly — Waxes —— imbricating, ovate, narrowly acuminate,
with am ate latio capsule erect, regular; annulus large ;
pedicels coral-red ; AES sdoiatadsaeitc: — On rocks, in dense woods,
Central and aka Ohio.

86. Hi. élegams, Hook. Stems and branches prostrate, flat; leaves plane,

ovate-lanceolate, with a slender and distantly serrulate point; seealntion as in

€ last species; capsule oval, ong or less pendulous ; operculum conic-rostel-

~ late. — hhite- Mountains of New mpshire, James. — Foliage retaining its
brilliancy when dried. u.)

*,* ADDITIONS TO MUSCL
To page 618,

3. Seligeria pusilla, Br. & Sch. In size and general appearance very
like S. tristicha and S. recurvata; pecans from the first by its leaves

spreading every way (not 3-ranked), an m the second by its erect (not
curved) pedicel. — St. Louis, Drummond, S. pitts , No. 35. (Eu.)
To p. 627.

9. Barbula agraria, Hedw. Stems short (1"-2" high); leaves
tufted, oblong, shortly sania, concave, the margins not reflexed; costa
strong, ceasing at the capsule cylindrical, slightly curved, annulate,
ribbed when dry ; psiical ‘6 high. — Apalachicola, Florida, Drummond, S.
Mosses, No. 64.— The striking feature of this species is the ribbed capsule.

10. B. muralis, hay mm. Monececious ; stems cxspitose, short; leaves
oblong, obtuse, subspatu the margins narrowly recurved ; costa excurrent
into a long and smooth eate hair-point ; capsule erect, ohio: symmetrical ;
teeth of the peristome mue contorted, with a narrow basilar membrane. — New

(Eu.)

Orleans, Lrrummond, S. Mosses, No. 63

MUSCI. (MOSSES.) 81

To p. 628.
3. Didymodon cylindricus, Br. & Sch. Diccious; stems cwespi-
tose, 4-10" high, branched; leaves linear-acuminate, spreading, flexuous,

more or less undulate on the ace margins, costate to the apex ; capsule nas
rowly cylindrical, annulate, its walls thin; pedicel slender, aps operculum
ros from a conic base ; teeth of the peristome remotely articulated. — Ches-
ter County, Peaneyivaia James. (Eu.)

To p. 648.

0. Mnium spinuldsum, Bryol. Europ. Hermaphrodite, caspitose ,

border ; oul oval, rather pendalous ; operculum conic, shortly rostrate ;
pedicels aggregated. — White Mountains of New Hampshire, James.— Very
near M. spinosum, Bryol. Eurep., found in British America by Drummond, but
that has a dicecious inflorescence. (Eu.}
To p. 655.

Pilétrichum ero reagent n. sp. Dicecious; main stems 2/—3!
long, rhizoma-like, creeping, filiform, sparingly radiculose, with distant minute
triangular-lanceolate eae scarcely visible to the naked eye; primary branches
rather slender, erect, ray long, simple or irregularly and pinnately ramu-
lose; leaves pale green, 9 loses Salita in 5 distinct spiral rows, lanceolate,
a ag strongly , their upper half with the ——

rrulate, recurved or platter-edged, pe point = Dene, eseenumiens areolatio
ri coed ooapaiae flexuose ; the angles ti
fertile end numerous, eee —* From a tree on a haan
. Flori ex herb. Gra.

viatovamad péndulum, n. sp. Diccious (7); stems 7/-8! lon
divided, divisions with distant aa all filiform, pendulous and flexile;
leaves at the base of the earns broader a 2-ranked, ected: narrower and
erect-patent every way, all li ]
rulate point, costate ; ak ae poets pailos 0 on a ee back the tlt
close, linear, with a small disk of
angles ; capa small, oblong-oval, on a ‘short se pedicel (1%- ie lone)
peris double, the exterior 16 Saenieeeiae — ated teeth, beeain
fissile ive the medial line; the interior 1
what broad membrane ; — conic-rostellate ; oi specs large ; pericheth
small; vaginula emergent; cal not seen. — rm Louisiana, Teinturier,
Prof. Riddell. — A pale-yellowish Moss, with scone stems and branches.

To p. 661.

yurelia Careyana, add: — Capsule oval, with a conspicuous col-
lum, inclined, aanulate ; cilia of the inner peristome nodulose , operculum hem-
isp

pering into a |

herical-conic, pedicels 3-4" pee aroma Pamoat Frost.
Hypnum palustre, L. (see p. 671) has also been found, with the last,
by Mr. Frost.

@ TL Free

82 HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.)

Orper 140. HEPATIC. (Liverworts.*)

Moss-like plants, of a loose cellular texture, usually procumbent, and emit-
ting rootlets from beneath ; the calyptra not separating from the base, but
usually rupturing at the apex; the capsule not opening by a lid, containing
spores usually mixed with ‘nua (which are thin thread-like cells, contain-
ing one or two spiral fibres). — Vegetation sometimes frendose, i. e. the
stem and leaves confluent into an expanded leaf-like mass; sometimes
Joliaceous, when the leaves are distinct from the stem as in true Mosses,
entire or cleft, 2-ranked, and often’with an imperfect or rudimentary row
(amphigasiria) on the under side of the stem. Reproductive organs of two

kinds, viz. antheridia and pistillidia, much as in Mosses (p. ih variously
siseated. The matured or ge forms the capsule, which is immersed
in or sessile upon the fro re a long cellular ‘poctoel, or
attached to the under side of sigh susacdea vicentaslée, ici ehisees
by irregular openings, by revolute segments at its apex, or lengthwise by
2-4 valves: a columella is rarely present. The perianth is a tubular

lar forms. The antheridia in the foliaceous species are situated in the
axils of perigonial leaves; im the frondose species, scattered within the
substance, or sessile upon the surface of the frond, or immersed in sessile
or peduncled disk-like receptacles.
Artificial Analysis of the Genera.
I. Vegetation frondose as and leaves confluent in a ned
columella wantin;
1. RICCTA. earns valveless, 0 oarrai > as ersed in ae — none.
2 SPHEXROCARPU: Tt ae globular, sessile on the frond. Involuere sessile
imperfect: columella present.
8 ANTHOCEROS. Capen valved, Sa linear, pedicslion.
4. NOTOTHYLAS. fy

* * tice with 1 or 2 sp’ pel sini columella none.
ning irregularly, nearly sessile, Fertile receptacle peduncled.
p -rayed.
bed

9. REBOULIA Piniegts receptacle hemispherical, 4-5 lobed; the lobes acute.
es eoneaangee _—— —— ded Cee, i scanel- Sine Totes trenente

tuén

12 PLAGIOCHASMA. Fertile receptacle minute, 2 - 4 lobed, i neva asenetieste
Pe aera + + Capsule opening regularly by 4 valves, pedicelled.
13. METZGERIA. Frond with idrib, which b meee aes Pe

* By Wituiam 8S. Sutuvanr, Esq.

HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) 83

M4 ANEURA Frond without a midrib, bearing the fruit underneath near the margin.
15. STEETZLA. Frond with idrib, bearing the frui its upper sid

16. PELLIA. Frond without a definite midrib. Fruit dorsal.

17. BLASIA. Frond ring the frui it

+h nee eee
> J -

Il. Vegetation foliaceons (leaves and stem distinct).
* Leaves succubous, i e. the apex of each leaf lying under the base of the succeeding teal
Amphigastria present (except in No. 18).
18. FOSSOMBRONIA. Perianth campanniate ; its mouth wide, undu
19. GEOUALYX. Perianth none: involucre fleshy, becoming subterran

‘ rranean.

20 CHILOSCYPHUS. Perianth obovate, 2 - . Calyptra chartaceous.
janth fusiform, concrete 2 the calyptra.
22. LOPHO A. Perianth 3-lo triangular ; — crest tothe
28. SPHAGN(ECETIS. Perianth triangular at
2 N NIA lar; its mouth cane denticulate
+ + Amphigastria absent

25. SCAPANIA. Perianth compressed 1 to the stem. truncate. Leaves 2-lobed.
26. P rianth compressed contrary to the stem. Leaves not 2-lobed.

co!
27. paral de Perianth and involucre united Leaves 2-lobed.
28. GYMNOMITRI Perianth wanting. Leaves 2-lebed.

+ eric tn perf Jeaf lying on the base of the succeeding leaf Am
ria present Adal in No. 32).

Leaves seats ta bed.
29. FRULLANIA. Perianth keeled benea' rv lobe of the leaf auriculiform.
30. LEJEUNIA. Perianth terete or ue rear lobe of the leaf plane.
Dg MADOTHECA. Perianth compressed, 2-li

de:
38. CALYPOGEIA. Perianth none. Involucre fleshy, sibel:

Susorper L RICCIACEX.

Terrestrial or aquatic, frondose little annuals, with the fruit immersed in
the are or sessile upon it. No perianth nor elaters. be azer: sessile,
gularly.

A. BRICCHA, Mich. Froatine Liverworr. (Tab. 20.)

Fruit immersed in the frond. Involucre none. Calyptra coherent with the
globose capsule, and crowned with the persistent style. Spores angular. Inflo-
rescence moncecious or dicecious: antheridia imbedded in the frond. (Named
after Ricci, an Italian botanist.)

* Frond ir-cavities : terrestrial.

1. BR. glatica, L. Frond maa stellate-lobed ; its divisions linear-
ebovate, emarginate-lobed, channelled, glaucous, membranaceous along
the margin. — On moist ground. (Ea.

84 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

2. BR. Beyrichiima, Hampe. Frond oblong-linear, thickened and bi-
fid at the apex, narrowly channelled above, dark purple beneath ; the margins
entire, sortie — Tennessee.

3. R. bifa Hoffm. Frond suborbicular, pale-green; its divisio
“nbeicae: ae at the apex; lobes cig dotted, chopad peice
above, purplish beneath, the hae ned margins aseending. — “ North America.”
(G. L. & N. Syn. Hepat. p

* * Frond with en air-eavities : terrestrial or aquatic.

. BR, . Frond inversely heart-shaped, channelled above (3/7 -
oy aa nro beneath with long pendent rootlets in the form of lincar-lan
ecolate, serrate, purple fringes ; capsules in two rows, lengthwise of the frond
— Floating on the surface of stagnant water. (Tab. 20.) (Eu.) ~

itans, L. Frond radiately expanding (1! or more in diameter) ;

divisions narrowly linear, repeatedly forking, nearly membranaceous ; at the
apex thickened, emarginate and cavernous ; capsule protuberant from the lower
surface of the frond. — Floating on stagnant water. {(Eu.)

6. R. lutéscens, Schwein. Frond light-green, orbieular, 1/-1}! in di-
ameter ; the divisions 6-8, linear, 2-3 times forking, channelled above, obcor-
date at the extremity, thickened, with whitish —. and appress'
seales beneath. — On the gronnd, margins of ponds, &c. — Fruit an eaechoey _
(Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4, p. 176, t. 4.)

7. BR. erystallina, L. Frond orbicular, 4-6” in diameter; its di-
visions obcordate or linear-bifid, the margins subcrenate, the surface Keoki up
by deep pits, communicating with the sabi psnil — Damp ground. — Fruits
abundantly. (R. velutina, Hook. Je. Pl. t. 149, is founded on sterile fronds of
No. 6, and fertile fronds of No.7.) (Eu.)

2. SPH EROCARPUWS, Mich. Rovunxp-neapep Liverwort.
(Tab. 20.)

Involucre sessile upon and continuous with the frond, obtasely con:eal or
pyriform, perforated at the 5 ea nin bana Capsule sage closely invested
hy the ealyptra. Spores round (Antheridia in folliculose bodies
on the surface of separate sane a (Name ares: of opaipos, a
sphere, and rapids, fruit.)

1. S. Michélii, Bellardi. Frond orbicular, 3/-6" in diameter, pac
entirely concealed by the numerous aggregated inflated involucres, which a

about 3” long, and 4-5 times larger than the capsules. (S. terrestris of pero
—Cultivated fields, South Carolina, Curtis, Ravend. (Tab. 20.) (Eu.)

Sunorper Il. ANTHOCEROTEX.

Terrestrial, frondose annuals, with the fruit protruded from the upper
surface of the frond. Perianth none. Capsule pod-like, mostly 1-2
valved. Columella filiform. laters none or imperfect.

HEPATICZ. (LIVERWORTS.) ~ 85

3. ANTHOCEROS, Mich. Horyep Liverworr. (Tab. 20.)

Involucre tubular. Calyptra conical, with a subsessile stigma. Caps’
narrowly linear, siliqueeform, ehehiesds ami pedicelled. Spores muriculate.
Elaters flexuous, the spi perfect or none. Inflorescence moncecious :
antheridia dorsal, sessile in a eisabibal tabaiicie Freed orbicular-radiate,
lacerate, with ‘immersed gemmz as in Notothylas. (Name formed of dv@os,
a blossom, and Képas, a horn; from the shape of the involucre.)

1. A. punctatus, L. Frond deep green, 5-8" in ae margins
plicate, crenate, the surface papulose-reticulated ; involucre cylindrical,
with a scarious and obliquely truncate mouth. — Wet ibe se of ditches,
&c. (Eu.)

Ss, L. Larger than the preceding species ; surface of frond
mooth ; mouth of the involucre more broadly scarious.— In similar places.
(Tab. VIL) (En.)

3. A. laciniiatus, Schwein. A still larger species; the frond more la-
ciniated, its surface smooth: distinguished from No. 1 and 2 mainly by the
bilobed mouth of its involucre.— Wet noes velly places, ‘wean States: form-
ing patches a foot or more in diamet

4. NOTOTHYLAS, Sulliv. (Tab. 20.)

Involucre a protusion of a portion of the upper stratum of the frond, opening

j
as
=.
od
—
ck
&
B
&

ils, a tthe Blatrs wanting. Gea cont, smooth. Inflo-

s mo
laciniate, “pulses, undulate-crisped at the margin, and with dark
gree 1 grains (gemme) scattered within its substance. (Mem. Amer.
Acad. n. ser. 3, p. 64, t. 4. (Name formed of v@ros, the back, and OvAas,
a purse or bag; from the shape of the involucre and its position on the back of
the frond.)
1. N. valvata, Sulliv. — a _— involuete hee
gated, epi amepe cap ed
ed a dark-colored suture ; spores light ii NS (Muse. ie pn
289.) — Moist ply Central Ohio. (Tab.
2. N. melandéspora, Sulliv. Capsule often without any suture ;
mella with short hooked appendages; spores dark brown, a than in he
preceding, which in other respects it resembles. — Grows in
— Alleghan. No. 290.)

N. orbicalaris, Schwein., Sulliv. Involucre nearly erect; capsule
dimeuie aa subcompressed, the suture evident or obscure : somewhat
smaller than the others.—Qn the ground, North Carolina, Schweinitz: Penn-
sylvania, Lesque eux.

8e HEPATICA. (LIVERWORTS.)

Suporper Il. MARCHANTIACEZX.

Frondose and terrestrial perennials, tae beneath with imbricating
colored scales, and numerous tubular radicels tuberculate within ; recepta-
ele raised on a fete springing from the mie of the frond (also from
the back, in No. 12), capitate or radiate, bearing from the under side pen-
dent calyptrate Bula which open variously, but are not regularly
4-valved: elaters with two spiral fibres.

5. MARCHANTIA, L. Broox-Liverworr. (Tab. 20.)

receptacle radiated. Anvolucres alternate with the rays, 2-valved,

“ e . tra opening at
the apex, persistent. Capsule globular, pendulous, exsertly pedicelled, dehiscing
at ag apex mide several revolute segments. Spores smooth. Elaters long, slen-
an ated at each end. Inflorescence diccious. Sterile reeeptacle
poduncled, shila like, lobed or rayed ke on the upper surface by the sum-
mersed antheridia. Lentil-shaped gemms in cup-like receptacles
on the back e the frond. Frond expanded, Atha with a broad diffused mid-

nb. (Named after Nicholas Marchant, a French botanist.)
1. - polymorpha, L. Fertile eee deeply divided in a eer

; the eo 8-10, terete.— Shaded and moist places; very com
a 20.) a

2. MI. disjiimeta, Sulliv. (Mem. Amer. Acad. 1, ¢. p. 63, t. 3.) Fertile
receptacle “pat radiately 7-9-lobed; the lobes cuneate, sigsisinsns on the
outer margin; sterile receptacle digitately lobed: about the siz _L—
Springy places, banks of the Alabama River, near Clairbourne : Wine: in May.

6. PREISSIA, Nees. (Tab. 20.)

Fertile receptacle hemispherical, 2-4-lobed, with as many rib-like rays alter-
nating with and shorter than the lobes. Involucres attached to the under side of

mpanulate, angular, uncq
inet. "cial ge sagen dehiscing by an 5 seine a isa
tube Elaters orescence dicecions, rare neeci An-
ec pneu in puselaer peltate Sep Prond nt oily foe,
ed for L.

increasing by joints from the apex. (Name rman botanist.)
1. P. commutata, Nees, Fertile aE ‘iui ponies 6 the
prominent keel-like rays; capsule conspicuous, dark p — Shaded, moist

8
places, Niagara Falls (Carey), Lake Superior (Loring), Pi (Tab. 20.) (Eu.)

7. DUMORTIERA, Nees. Harry Liverworr. (Tab, 20.)

Fertile receptacle convex, 2-8-lobed. Involucre 1 -fruited, opposite to and
connate with the lower surface of the lobes, horizontal, oblong, opening by @

vertical slit at the outerextremity. Perianth none. Calyptra obovate, rupturing.

HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) 87

the apex, persistent. Capsule oblong-globose, dehiscing by 4-6 irregular
eer eg pedicel short. Spores muriculate. Elaters very long, attenuated ai
eac Antheridia immersed in short-peduncled disk-like receptacles
(Maied for B. C. Dumortier, a Belgian ist.

1. BD. hirstita, Nees. Diccious; frond 4’-6' long, 6!’-10" wide, fork-
ing, thin, deep green; fertile receptacle and involucres and margin of the male
disk hairy ; i chaffy at the apex.— Faces of rocks, Southern States,
The largest of our Marchanties : fruit rare. (Tab. 20.)

8. FEGATELLA, Raddi. Great Liverworr. (Tab. 20.)

Fertile receptacle conical-mitriform, membranaceous. Involucres 5-8, tubu-
lar, 1-fruited, suspended from the apex of the peduncle, coherent with the inte-
rior mee of the receptacle, and with each other, opening at the lower end by

lit. rianth none. Calyptra persistent, bell-shaped, 2-4 lobed at the apex.
Pe es ae by 5-8 revolute segments, deciduous with
Spores ic

its short pedicel. ulate. laters short and thick. Inflorescen
dicecious. theridia area in sessile oval disks, near the apex of the frond
Frond st conspicuously reticulated, with a narrow distinct midrib. (A
personal na

tos ae Corda. Fronds 3!-6/ long, 5'’- 9" wide. — Springy places.
Among the largest of our Hepatic: seldom seen in fruit. (Tab. 20.) (Eu.)

9 REBOULIA, Raddi. (Tab. 20.)

Fertile receptacle conic-hemispherical or flattened, 4-5-lobed. Involucres
ite re

ridia immersed in sessile cok paleages disks. Frond rigid ; the midrib broad,
strong, and distinct. (Named for £. Reboul, an Italian botanist.)

1. BR. ae Raddi. Frond forking, and increasing by joints
from the extremities, green above, purple beneath ; the peduncle bearded at its
base and apex ; fertile receptacle papillose on the summit. — Hilly districts, in
shady moist places. ( 20.) (Eu.)

2. R. microcéphala, Taylor. eRipecene from the preceding (of

which it may be a form) by the more delicate texture of the frond, and by the
gore Gen size of all its parts, except the lick which is very ag (3’-4'),
with broader palew at its base and apex. — Pennsylvania,

10. GRIMALDIA, Raddi. (Tab. 21.)
Fertile receptacle hemispherical or conoidal, 3-4-lobed. Involucres 3-4,
each a distention of an entire lobe of the receptacle, and opening by a cleft
below, I-fruited. Perianth none. Capsule globose, filling the involucre, dehis- ,
cing by a circumeissile line near the middle. Calyptra persistent at the base of
the capsule. Spores rugose, with a transparent border. Moncecious or die-

88 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

cious. Antheridia immersed in imbedded disks at the apex of the firm and rigid
keeled frond. (Named for D. Grimaldi, an Italian botanist.)
. G. barbifrons, Bischoff. Stems IN a, 3/'— 6" long,
microm 2-lobed at the apex, channelled and pale green above, with
itish pores visible to the naked eye, purple pala peduncle profusely a
ceous at its base and apex; moneecious; staminate disks obcordate. — Iow
Dr. Hor. (Tab. 21.)

2. G. -sp. Agrees with the preceding, except that it is one
third smaller; the pores of the as not visible; the fertile receptacle (the cap-
sule being fully mature) sessile, and entirely dicedied by a dense mass of pur-
plish palex ; antheridia not seen. — Texas, C. Wright.

Al. FIMBRIARIA, Nees. Smatz Lrverworr. (Tab. 20.)

Fertile receptacle hemispherical, concave beneath, expanded at the margin in
to 4 large and pendent bell-shaped 1-fruited involucres. Perianth ‘eivanavel
projecting half its length beyond the rim of the involucre; the projecting por-
tion splitting lengthwise into 8-12 usually free, fringe-like segments. ly
tra with a long style, fugacious. nea aes sessile, globose, dehiscing by an irreg-
— circumceissile uae near the middle. Spores muricate. Elaters rather short.
moneecious. fear aie immersed in the substance of the frond,
not collected into — Frond much thickened in the enneuey ith a keel-like
midrib. (Name from —— a fringe, alluding to the perianth.)

Frond elongated- sedge bap mek gmc
soiched at the end (6/— a long, aN re wide), ¢ above, p n the
margins and underneath. (F. mollis, Tay.) aay ei Mountains, s tity

laces. (Tab. 20.)

2. F. élegams, Spreng. Much smaller than No. 1: remarkable for the
very prominent papills of the fertile receptacle ; the lobes of the perianth co-
-hering at the apex into a short tube. — Texas, C. Wright. (Eu. )

12. PLAGIOCHASMA, Lehm.&Lindenb. (Tab. 20.)

Fertile receptacle arising from the back of the frond, deeply 2-4-lobed ; lobes
uscending. Involucres very large, subcompressed-ovoid, erect, 1-fruit ed, oppo-
. . bes. “i . .

ength.
disks at the end or in the middle of the frond. Frond rigid, thick.
composed of mAdyios, placed sideways, and xdopa, a chasm, referring to the lat-
eral dehiscence of the involucre.)

Wrightii, p- Frond 5-10" long, 14-2” broad, continuous
at the apex, glaucous shai, with dark purple scales beneath, the margins cren-
ulate, ascending, convolute; involucres mae three ; peduncle scarcely one
line high, paleaceous at the apex and base. — Under overhanging rocks, along

; Texas, C. Wright. (Tab. 105.

\

HEPATIC. (LIVERWORTS.) 89

Suporper IV. JUNGERMANNIACE. Scare-Mosses.

Either frondose or foliaceous: leaves when distinct 2-ranked, and often
with a third row of smaller ones (amphigastria) on the under side of tk
stem. Capsule on a cellular pedicel, dehiscent lengthwise into 4 valves.

I. Vegetation frondose (stem and leaves confluent in a frond).

13. METZGERIA, Raddi. (Tab. 21)

Fertile fructification arising from the lower surface of the midrib of the frond.
Involucre 1-leaved, scale-like, at length ventricose and 2-lobed. Perianth none.
Calyptra ascending, oblong-obovate, rather fleshy. Capsule ovate. Elaters
with one spiral fibre, adherent to the tip of the valves. Inflorescence dicecious :
antheridia 1 -3, enclosed by a 1-leaved involucre on the under side of the mid-
rib. te gemme aggregated on the attenuated tips of the linear frond; mid-
rib distinct. (Named for J. Metzger, a German botanist

1. Mi. furedata, Nees. Fronds linear, thin and membranaceous, forking
or proliferous, with white pellucid hairs on the margins, and beneath on the
midrib ; calyptra hispid. — Hilly districts, on rocks and the bark of trees. (Tab.
21.) (Eu.)

2. M. pubéscens, Raddi. Larger than the last, pubescent on both
surfaces. — Mountainous localities. (Eu

14. ANEURA, Dumortier. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification arising from the under side near the margin of the frond. In-
volucre cup-shaped, very short and lacerate, or none. Perianth none. Calyp-
ers

rescence dicecious. Antheridia immersed in the upper surface of receptacles
proceeding from the margin of t frond; which is fleshy and destitute of a
midrib (whence the name, from a privative, and vedpov, a nerve).

1. Ae Séssilis, Sprengel? Fronds irregularly lobed (1'-2! long, 3-5”
wide) ; involucre none; calyptra papillose at the apex; pedicel 9” —12!' long,

simple; involucre short and lacerate ; sterile receptac ‘ ° °
— Among Sphagnum, in the Southern States (Schweinitz) ; and in Ohio. Fruit
not seen. (Eu.)

3. A. palmata, N
i ly divided, the divisions linear
ing, palmately as eon

ees, Fronds usually crowded (2”-3” high), ascend-
and obtuse ; sometitnes prostrate and
Rotten logs, &e.; common. (Eu.)

creepinte

90 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

4. A. multifida, Dumort. Fronds prostrate, 2-pinnately divided; the
divisions linear, narrow; whole plant brownish-green. — Alleghany Maeiotaind,
on moist, rocky banks.

15. STEETZIA, Lehm. (Tab. 20.)

Involucre at first terminal, arising from the midrib of the “ar : length by
the growth of the frond dorsal, cup-shaped, short, lacerate. Perianth elongated-

tubular; the mouth denticulate. nad oo alling the ie ir reps
torn at the apex. Capsule oval. Elaters filiform, free, with two fibres. Infl
rescence dicecious. Antheridia dorsal on the -midtib, covered by minute fmnbrie
ated perigonial leaves. Frond with a ‘cas midrib. (Named for Dr. J. Steetz,
a German botanist.

1. S. Lyéllii, Lehm. Frond simple or 2-cleft, delicate in texture, oblong-
linear, the margin slightly waved, entire or obscurely serrate ea -4! long, 3! -
5/' wide). — On the ground, in wet or springy places. (Tab. 20.) (Enu.)

16. PELLIA, Raddi. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification proceeding from the back of the frond near the apex. Invo
cre cup-shaped, short; the margin lacerate. Perianth none. Calyptra ak
ees Ug longer or shorter than the involucre. Capsule globose. El
rs long, free, with two fibres. Inflorescence moncecious. Antheridia globose,
ene rsed in the upper surface of the broad indeterminate midrib of the frond.
(A personal name.)

es

i. P. epiphylla, Nees. Frond rather membranaceous, sparingly
vided ; its pies oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, repand-lobed ; et
exserted. — Moist, shady places, on the ground, forming patches 2°-3° broad.
(Tab, 21.) u.

17. BLASIA, Mich. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification in an oval cavity in the midrib of the frond. Involucre none.
Perianth a fusiform utricle, vanishing early. Calyptra i? Capsule oval-
globose, bursting through the frond near its tadag Antheridia immersed in the
frond and covered by dentate scales. Gemme globose, issuing by a slender as-
eending tube from their large flask-like ke, which are immersed in the
frond. — (A personal name.)

1. B. pusilla, L. Frond 7!’-12" long, 2-3" wide, oe
simple or forked, or stellately expanded, the margins pinnatifidly si —On
the ground, sides of ditches, &e., New York. (Tab. 21.) (Eu ‘a

II. Vegetation foliaceous (i. e. leaves and stem distinct).
# Leaves succubous; the apex of each leaf lying under the base of the next.
18. FOSSOMBRONITIA, Raddi. (Tab. 21.)

Perianth terminal, or by innovation dorsal on the main stem, subeampanulate
the mouth large, crenate-lobed. Involucral leaves 5-6, minute, subulate, co

HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.) 91

herent with the perianth. Calyptra pear-shaped, rupturing early. sate ~
bose, <> 4-valved. Elaters short, containing two or three

either at or Pade with somewhat quadrate 3-5-lobed undulate flaccid
leaves. (A pers e.)

1. F. de Nees. Stem 6/*-10/ long, thick; perianths conspicuous,
— Moist places on the ground; mostly Southern. (Tab, 21.) (Ea.)

19. GEOCALYX, Nees. (Tab. 21.)

Perianth none. Involucre oblong, saccate, truncate, fleshy, attached by one
side of its mouth to the stem, pendent. Calyptra membranaceous, ly con-
nate with the involucre. Capsule oblong. Elaters with two spiral fibres. An-
theridia on ss rade lateral rinse in the axils of small perigonial leaves.
(Name formed of yéa, the earth, and xddv§, flower-cup; from the fructification
becoming subterranean.)

1. G. gravéolens, Nees. Leaves ovate-quadrate, 2-toothed (light
og ; amphigastria oval-lanceolate, TaN & to the middle; " pacionl subterra-

.— On the ground, rotten logs, &e. (Tab. 21.) (Eu.)

20. CHILOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification terminal upon a short Lateral branch. again leaves 2-6,
different from and smaller than the stem-leaves. Peria ually short, deeply

2-3-cleft. Calyptra globose, or somewhat ephoniie dlightly iF in
often longer than the — pturing irregularly at the apex. Capsule oval.
Elaters with two spiral fibres. Perigonial leaves like the cauline, concealing an-
theridia in their saccate dorsal bases. Stem-leaves decurrent on the back of the
stem ; rootlets proceeding only from the base of the deeply 2-cleft amphigastria.
(Name formed of xiAés, herbage, and oxvdos, cup; in allusion to the herba-
ceous calyptra.)

. C. polyamthos, Corda. Stems procumbent; leaves ovate-quadrate ;
Spe leaves 2, slightly 2-toothed; perianth 3-lobed, the lobes short oil
- entire. — Rocks, &c, (Eu.)

. ©. ascéndens, Hook. & Wils. Stems ‘prostrate; leaves ascending,
lipase slightly emarginate; involucral leaves 2, two-cleft; si nth
C.

-3-lobed ; the lobes long irregularly generics (C. labiatus,
Taylor.) —On rotten logs, &c.—A large species, with pale-green sro
(Tab. 21.)

3. C. Drumm6é6ndii, Tayl. (in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846.) Densely cspi
tose; stems branching, prostrate (the gemmiferous ones ascending, attenuated) ;
leaves erect-patent, oblong, 2-cleft; amphigastria ovate, acute, connate with
the adjacent pair of leaves; perianth oblont, inflated, bifid and subcompressed
at the mouth, gibbous at the ventral base, terminal on short naked branches;
involucral leaves 3 - 4, laciniate, scale-like: a small species. —-“‘ Bark of trees,
North America, Drummond.”

92 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

21. PLEURANTHE, Tayl. (Tab. 21,).)

Fructification lateral. Involucral leaves 3, minute, scale-like, 2--3-cleft.
Perianth elongated-fusiform, arising from the lower side of the stem, fleshy,
i pressed

at its apex. Casa le oval; Blaters with 2 spiral fibres. Antheridia un absent
- Leaves 2-lobed or emarginate. Svcs lanceolate, entire. (Name from
meupa, the side, and dvOds, a flower; the perianth being lateral. -
. vace ayl. Grows in close olive-green m
ing, 2-3! long, mostly rage rooting profusely; leaves aes ong, u
wardly secund; pedicel 4”—5" high: a small species, the perianth dispropor-
tionately large. — North America, Drummond.

22. LOPHOCOLEA, Nees. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification terminal on the main stem or primary branches. Involucral
leaves 2-4, large. Perianth tubular below, acutely 3-angular above, 3-lobed ;
the lobes Sienna ons alyptra short, membranaceous, circumcissile at the
base, or rupturing irregularly at the apex. Capsule oblong. LElaters with
two soiral fi sin: Antheridia in the saccate bases of perigonial leaves. Stem-
leaves decurrent on the dersal side of the stem, flaccid, 2-several-cleft at the
apex. Amphigastria 2-4-divided ; the divisions more or less incised. (Name
composed of Adqos, a crest, and coikaily a sheath; from the crested calyptra.)

1. L. bidentata, Nees. Stems (1/-2! long) prostrate, sparsely branched ;
leaves pale green, ovate-triangular, spreading, 2-toothed at the apex ; the teeth
erat acute, with a crescent-like sinus; amphigastria minute, about 4-cleft,
tire. — Moist places, among Mosses. (Eu.)

heterophylla, Nees. Stems much branched, ascending; leaves
ovate, subquadrate, a pa entire, retuse, and bidentate on the same stem;
amphigastria large, 2-cleft, the segments slightly dentate. — On decayed logs,
and among Mosses. (Tab, 21.) (Eu.)

23. SPHAGNECETIS, Nees. Peat Scate-Moss. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal, upon a short proper branch arising from the ventral
Side of the stem. Invelucral leaves small, few, i incised, Perianth ascending,
aceous.

antheridia in the axil of the minute perigonial leaves of pendent proper branches.
Stem leaves orbicular. Gemme collected in heads upon the attenuated tips of
the branches. Amphigastria none, except upon the gemmiferous branches.
Stems furnished with ranner-like rootlets. (Name composed of 2payvos, Peat-
Moss, and xouris, a little bed; from its place of growth.)

1. S. commiunis, Nees. Stems creeping ; leaves ag SH
entire, ascending. (Jungermannia Sphagni of authors.) — de
_cayed wood. (Tab. 22) (En.)

HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) 93

24. JUNGERMANNTA, L. Scare-Moss. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal on the main stem, or on a short branch. Involueral
leaves free, like or urlike the stem-leaves. Perianth tubular, more or less an-
gled; the mouth laciniate. Calyptra included, rarely projecting. Capsule
globose or oval. Elaters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia in the base of in-
flated perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves entire, or 2—many-lobed. (Dedicated to
Jungermann, a German botanist of the 17th century.)

Leaves and amphigastria alike, 2 - rea

1. J. trichophylifa, L. Stems flaccid, — : wae and amphi-
gastria 3-—4-parted; the divisions straight, rising es pag each com-
posed of a single row of tubular cells ; bei th branch lengthen ih ES
nearly cylindrical, coatracted and toothed at the mouth. — Deca

inate, pale-colored species. (Eu.)

2. J. setacea, Weber. Leaves and amphigastria 2~3-cleft; the divis-
ions incurved, each composed of two rows of cells; fruit-bearing branch short ;
mouth of perianth ciliate. — On the ground, &c. — Smaller than No. 1, brownish-
colored. (En.

%* * Leaves 2-cleft or (from No. 7-11) 2~6-cleft: amphigastria none, except in
No. 7 and 8.

3. J. connivens, Dickson. Stems creeping, flexuous; leaves nearly
orbicular, with a broad decurrent base, distant, a little wider than the stem, 2-
cleft to 4 or 4 of their length, the sinus obtuse; segments acute, connivent;
areolation ae involucral leaves 3 -5-cleft; perianth slender, the mouth

iliate wood. (Tab. 21.) (Eu.

4.05 enievitetin; Dickson. Fruit-bearing branch short; stems creep-
ing; leaves imbricated, ascending, nearly orbicular, inflated at the ventral base,
lunately 2-cleft; the long-linear, inflexed; invol

leaves erect
2-3-cleft, serrate; perianth narrow, olidiidteinnpvlan, the mouth denticulate. —
Rotten logs, &e. (Eu.)

5. J. bie idata, L. Fruit-bearing branch short; stems loose, pro-
cumbent ; leaves distant or crowded, half vertical, ovate, a little wider than the
stem, 2-cleft to the middle, the sinus obtuse; segments acute; involucral leaves
spreading at the apex, 2~5-cleft, scalaatearacaiy perianth elongated, the
mouth denticulate.— A small and common species. (Eu.)

6. J. divaricata, Engl. Bot. fa branch } stems
prostrate, rigid, thick ; Son distant, spreading, rather fleshy, ejsiiiing the
stem in diameter, oblong, the sinus and segments acute; involucral leaves nu-
merous, _imbricate d, 2-3-cleft, serrulate; perianth oval, plaited above; the
mouth membranaceons, denticulate. (J. byssacea of authors.) — Among Mosses
and on decayed woods. — A minute, dark green species. (En.)

7a amis, Ebrhart. Stems erect or ascending, and, with the
leaves, terete-sulcate; leaves toothed at the -4-cleft; the lobes chan-
nelled, ovate-oblong, acute; amphigastria sine at the base, deeply
2-cieft, with lanceolate segments ; perianth ov! al, plaited. — Alpine regions of
the White Mountains, Oakes. (Eu)

94 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

J. barbita, Schreber. Stems procumbent, sparingly branched; leaves

sp
roundish-quadrate, 3-5-lobed, the sinuses obtuse an nd undulate ; lobes obtuse,

ticulate. — Hilly districts, on the ground, rocks, &c.: variable.

Michattxii, Weber. Stems ascending, flexuous by repeated inno-
vations from below the summit; leaves crowded, erect-spreading, rather saccate
at base and quadrate, 2-cleft, the sinus narrow; the lobes Ss acute, incurve

terior involucral leaves large, serrulate, the inner smaller; perianth oval, wth
club-shaped, the obtuse apex lala. "the mouth Muged: — Alleghany Moun
tains. ae 3)

0. meisa, Schrader. Stems prostrate, thick, rather flat, rooting co-
piously ; pul densely crowded, somewhat quadrate, waved, 2-6-cleft, the
segments unequal; perianth oval or oe the mouth plaited, denticulate. —
Damp, shaded places, on the ground. — A small, pale green species.

11. J. imtermédia, Lindenberg. Stems pro woe almost simple ; leaves
roundish-quadrate, 2-cleft; the upper ones crowded into he ads, and 3-4-cleft ;
involucral leaves 3— a-cleft, slightly serrate, connate at wo base ;, perianth itor,
ovate-triangular, the mouth plaited, denticulate.— On the ground. — A small
species. (Eu.)

* * * Leaves nearly orbicular, undivided ; amphigastria different or obsolete.

Stems procum| mbent:; leaves half vertical, emar-
h

aia Bie ovate-twiangular, 1 ~2-toothed on - pig near the base $

3. J. Schradéri, Martius. Stems creeping, flexuous ; leaves elliptical-
orbicular, rene: outer involucral leaves large, elongated, entire or emargi-
nate, spreading at the apex; the inner smaller, more or less laciniated ; amphi-

astria obsolete; perianth oval-obovate; the mouth plaited-lobed, its lobes
ciliate. (J. orbicularis, Michx.?)—Decayed logs, &c. ; common. — Foliage
often dark purple. (Eu.

iM. J. Taylori, Hook. Stems erect, y simple; leaves orbicular,
with large areole; amphigastria naa aie ; perianth oval, compressed
at the mouth, truncate and 2-lobed.— Bogs; mountains of New England. — A
large species, with purple foliage. (Eu.)

15, J. cremulata, Smith. Stems prostrate, branched ; leaves orbicular,
ascending, those bie the ee ome and bordered by large marginal
cells ; een obova’ , the mouth much contracted,
th argins of psa Mobile, ‘Minbeiias (Eu.)

% * % * Leaves unequally wes epi (i. e. folded a the involucral
ones 3—5-cleft: peria y , plait

‘16. J. exséeta, Schmidel. et ascending ; aes lobe of the leaves
small, acute; ventral lobe concava, acute or 2-toothed. — Boggy places, decayed
wocd, &c. (Eu.)

ae, + cyl eae i in eee ee!

SU ener

HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) 95

17. J. obtusifolia, Hook. Stems ascending, simple; lobes of the leaves
oblong, obtuse or acute, minutely denticulate, the ventral scymitar-shaped ; the
dorsal smaller, oblique. — Dry, sag situations, on the groun

18. J. albicans, L. Stems ascending: the dorsal lobe of the leaf ovate,
the ventral larger, oblong-ovate, soni ar-shaped, both with a broad pellucid
line in the middle; perianth obovate, cylindrical, the mouth plicate-dentate. —
Moist banks, in hilly districts. (Eu.)

25. SCAPANIA, Lindenberg. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal. Involucral leaves 2, larger than the cauline. Peri-
antn compressed parallel to the plane of the stem, the month entire or ciliate-
ters

eri
Stem-leaves complicate - 2-lobed ; the dorsal lobe smaller. Amphigastria none.
BEY probably from oxandvy, a shovel; from the shape of the lobes of the
ves.)

. S. nemordsa, Nees. Ste crowded; leaves ciliate-
toothed, each lobe convex, sbciee 3 shi tees gull oktaas twice as large
as the other.— Common on moist banks, &c. — A variable species, : to 3/ long,
pale yellow, green, or purple: texture of the leaf rather firm. (Eu

2. S. undulata, Nees & Montagne. Leaves ciliate-denti ae
loose, aia: ; lobes rounded-trapezoidal, the upper half the size of a ay
except at the summit of the stem, where they are equal; of thin and flaccid tex-
ture (green or purple.) — Mountainous districts. (Tab. 22.) (Eu.)

3. S. breviflora, Tayl. (in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846.) Stems ascending ;
leaves dentate, deeply 2-lobed, lobes rotund-triangular, the upper one much

narrow base surrounded by lanceolate, serrate — involucral leaves long as ~
the perianth.— Near Philadelphia, Dr. We

26. PLAGIOCHILA, Nees & Montagne. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal or lateral. Involucral leaves 2, larger than the cauline.
Perianth compressed at right angles to the plane of the stem; the mouth trun-
cate, entire or ciliate-toothed. Calyptra membranaceous. Capsule oval. Ela-
ters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia covered by small and ventricose-imbri-
cated perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves with the dorsal margin decurrent and re-
flexed, often turned to one side (whence the name, from mAdytos, sideways, and
xerds, ars

ne none: orifice of the perianth toothed-ciliate.

1 Pm ioe o ees & Montagne. Stems creeping, the branches as-

cending ; leaves remote, patie spreading, obovate-wedge-shaped ; the dorsal
pex ‘ose-toothed ; perianth lateral. —

)
2. P. asplenioides, Nees & Montagne. Leaves somewhat imbricated,

96 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

oblique, — rounded-obovate, entire or denticulate; perianth terminal. —
- Grows with No.
* Amphigastria tee - 3-cleft.
3. P. porel loides, pipet Stems tia the — ——
ing; leaves rather imbrica g bovate,
the summit of the ste: d-denticulate , the others entire ; — pr
the mouth pean ae Mosses, st the base of trees in swa

. P. macréstoma, Sulliv. Stems prostrate, rooting copiously,
branched; branches not ascending ; tocves nearly oval, horizontal, entire or
slightly repand; perianth broadly obconic, the mouth compressed, margin re-
pand; amphigastria lanceolate, 2-3-cleft.— Moist banks and decayed logs,
Ohio. (Tab. 22.)

5. P. Ludovicizna, Sulliv. Main branches ascending, flexuous, spar-
ingly ramulose; leaves patent-divergent, semi-ovate, 2—3-dentate at the apex,
their ventral margins decurrent and forming two parallel crest-like lines on the
under side of the stem, the dorsal margins reflexed and entire, the ventral spinu-
ata cans rans deeply 2-3-cleft, the segments ciliate-dentate. —

ark of trees, Louisia

6. P. unditta, Sulliv. Resembles the last; but is more rigid, with sim-
ple branches ; leaves horizontal, triangular-ovate, obtuse, emarginate, or sparing-
ly dentate at the apex, the dorsal margins reflexed and entire, the ventral repand-
undulate and forming crest-like lines as in No. 4; amphigastria 2-cleft, the seg-
ments dentate. — Shaded rocky banks of the Serienab River, ‘Gas rgia

27. SARCOSCYPHUS, Corda. (Tab. 21.)

Heatinn terminal

Involucral leaves united nearly to the top into an
oblong tube. Perianth 4-6-toothed, connate (except the teeth) with the inte-
rior surface of the involucral leaves. Calyptra membranaceous. Capsule glo-
Elaters with two spiral fibres, Antheridia in the saccate base of peri
nial leaves. Stems erect, producing from their base runner-like rootlets. Stem-
2-lobed. Amphigastria none. (Name composed of odp&, flesh, and
exvidos, a cup; from the fleshy tubular involucre.)
1. S. Ehrharti, Corda. Leaves erect-spreading, rather quadrate, em-
bracing the stem by the broad base; lobes obtuse. — On mountains. — Plant of
a firm texture, dark green or brownish-purple. (Tal b. 21.)

28. GYMNOMITRIUM, Corda. (Tab. 21.)

Fructification terminal. Involucral leaves 2-4, convolute, emarginate. Peri-
anth none. Calyptra short. ee globose. Elaters with two spiral fibres.
_ Antheridia sagan: axillary. Stem-leaves 2-lobed. Amphigastria none.

(Name from yupvos, naked, se pirprov, a little cap; the calyptra not covered by
a perianth.)
_ iL G,. concinnatum, Corda. Stems erect, filiform, brittle, sparingly
branched ; branches thickened at the apex, obtuse; leaves densely imbricated,
ovate, with a narrow membranaceous margin. — Alpine regions of the White

HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) 97

Mountains, New Hampshire, Oakes. — A small species, growing in compact

masses, of a whitish or silvery hue. (Eu.)

« « Leaves incubous; the apex of each leaf lying on the base of the next.
29. FRULLANIA, Raddi. (Tab. 22.)

Frueti fication terminal on proper branches. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, two-

~

ist
Elaters truncate at both ends, with one spi re, adherent to the valves, erect.
Spores large, irregular, minutely muricate. Inflorescence dicecious. Anthe-
ridia in the saccate base of closely imbricated 2-lobed perigonial leaves. Stem-
leaves 2-lobed ; the lower lobe usually an inflated sleceaaed appendage (au-
ricle). Amphigastria entire or 2-toothed, throwing out rootlets from their base.
= personal name %
ma, Montagne. Stems creeping, simply pinnate ; leaves
mes Gtdcalix. concave, decurved, marked in the middle by a necklace-form
line; auricle oblong-club-shaped, emarginate at the lower end; involucral sas:
unequally 2-cleft; the dorsal segment oblong, ee nearly entire, the ventral
awl-shaped ; amphigastria oblong, flat, — ifn obtuse ; perianth pear-
shaped, 3-sided, obtusely keeled beneath. — and atkins frequent. — Fo-
liage glossy, varying from deep nce to dark green. (Tab. 22.)
arisci, Nees. Near No.1; distinguished by its more rigid

¢astria with revolute margins. — A variety only of this species is attributed
to neo country, with obtuse leaves, expanded auricles, and plane amphigastria.
(G. L. & N. Syn. Hepat.) (Eu.)

3. F. Dru Tayl. Stems sparingly branched ; leaves reddish,
lax, ger brea! obtuse; auricles decurved ; amphigastria minute, a
bifid; perianth ovate from a narrow base, retuse at the apex. — Bark of trees
Louisiana. ae small species.

F. Caroliniana, Sulliv. Stem 6”~12" long, rather wide, irregularly
branched ; leaves closely ppsaeari inne auricle small, elongated,
tant from the stem, with a style in phigasttia ovate-rotund, double
the width of the stem, bifid, its aint aid perianth pyrif
above, obtusely carinate beneath. — Trees, North Carolina, near

amphigastria roundish, plane, er subserrate, perianth oblong-obo-
Pp iis “lheove: keeled beneath.— On stones, in mountain rivulets of the
Pmt man {Eu.)

6. FE. Virgimica, Lehm. Stems creeping, vaguely branched; leaves
nearly ovate, entire, concave, the auricle sometimes expanded into eae
lamina; amphigastria round-ovate, double the width of the stem, —
anth pear-shaped, rather compressed, tuberculate, 4-keeled

9 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

on the back, the keels crested. (F. dilatata, Musc. Alleghan. No. 267, partly.) —
Rocks and trees ; common.
oracénsis, Lehm. Stems creeping, fasciculately sora
seg a loosely disposed (the rameal imbricated), round-ovate ; amphi:
ovate, a little wider than the stem; perianth smooth, pear shape, ih com-
pressed and repand, eon semen keeled and gibbous near
ae ee seviscypha, na, Taylor.) — Bark of trees ; common.

F. saxitilis, risa Near the last, but separated by its pinnate-
ly pnt an and more rigid stems, more crowded leaves, much larger amphigas-
tria, and shorter perianth. — Trees, Massachusetts

9. F. plama, Sulliv. (in Mem. Amer. Acad. 1. c.) Resembles No.
7, but is a somewhat larger species; the auricle very small, close to the stem,
and covered by the plane rotund acutely bifid amphigastria, which are thrice

width of the stem; ope nth ee a or nearly obovate, plane above,
pee beneath. — Rocks ; East Tenn

10, FE. x oldtis, Nees. Not unlike No. 8; leaves semi-vertical, subsquar-
rose, obliquely ges the auricle usually expanded into a lanceolate lamina;
perianth unknown.— Grows in spongy masses on decayed logs, stumps, &e. ;

30. LEJEUNIA, Libert. (Tab. 22.)
Fructification lateral or terminal, on proper branches. Involucral leaves 2,
deeply 2-lobed. Perianth oval or obovate, terete or angular, winged or ciliate-
crested on = RB the mouth 3-—4-lobed; pistillidium single. Calyptra obo-

ring belo
sate cle to i aired Elaters ee adherent to the tips of the valves,
erect, the sg it end oe -dilated, with a single spiral fibre. Spores large,
ar. Infl ious, ‘Aniberitia on ah branches, lodged in
h i t f imbri d 2-1 saves. Amphigastria present.

(Named for Lejeune, a French botanist.)
% Amphigastria entire.

lypeata, Schweinitz. Stems (7-10 long) procumbent, some-
what pinnately branched; leaves (whitish-green, of a firm texture) with the

bicular, approximate ; perianth lateral, sessile, obovate, obtusely
Feeled. on aa back, 2-keeled beneath, the margin subcompressed. — Alleghany
Mo (Tab. 22.)

2, L. longifléra, Tayl.! Closely resembles the last species, but has
leaves of a more membranacecous texture, and a 5-winged perianth. —
Southern Ohio to Florida.
% L. calyculata, Tayl. Stems entangled, branched; leaves patent-
recurved, oblong, mrenes, subdeflexed; the lower lobe involute, lanceolate ;
aphigastria ianth axillary, rather exserted, obcordate, 4-winged,
ye wings entire ; sralaccak leaves narrow, acute.— On lichens; Alleghany
Mountains.

trees,

HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) 99

4. L. eyclostipa, Tayl. Stems (5-7! long) branched; leaves
green, pasantrecarved, oblong, obtuse ; the lower lobe quadrate-ovate, involute,
iff

iT d per , 0
pressed, plane above, ventricose-4-winged beneath, the wings ciliate, the cilia
dentate ; involucral leaves nearly covering the perianth.— Bark of trees, near
Cincinnati, Ohio.
5. L. polyphyla, Tayl. Stems cxspitose (3~4" long) ; leaves olive-
ree

green, semi-cordate ; lower lobe involute, lanceolate; amp tria minute,
enifo nth immersed, rotund-obo -angled near the apex, the
angles dentate-crested itat same as the last. (We have not seen spe

5: the descriptions are from Lond. Jour. Bot., 1846.)

6. LL, auriculata, Hook. & Wils. Grows in dark green patches; stems
5-8" long; leaves closely pada: scymitar-shaped, complicate and pirnee
what 2-lobed at base; amphigastria obovate-rotund, emarginate; perian’
obovate-triangular. — Bark of trees, Louisia

7. ~. a apes Tayl. Stems 5-7" long; leaves whitish-green, very
closely imbricating, i SA oblong, almost scymitar-shaped, obtuse,
complicate-2-lobed at the base ; the lobe small, lanceolate ; amphigastria rotund,
tminute compared ik the leaf. — Bark of trees, Southern Ohio.

* Amphigastria 2-cleft, or obsolete.

8. L. etry yiltetin, Libert. Stems vaguely branched ; leaves with the
apper lobe roundish-ovate, convex ; the lower much smaller, obliquely ovate, in-
volute; amphigastria rounded, 2-cleft, its gerd obtuse; perianth obova
acutely 5-angled. — On moist rocks and trees, Alleghany Mountains. — A s
pale-green species, with transparent and loosely i ae leaves. (Eu.)

9. L. cucullata, Nees. Stems filiform, rather pinnately branched ;

-ovate, distant, the lower margin i - hi
oval, 2-cleft; perianth obovate, rather compressed, obtusely keeled beneath,
mn he back and 2-keeled near the apex. (L, lucens, Zay/.) — Moist

rocks, near the ground, Alleghany Mountains. — A minute, flaccid species, with
light oliage.

10. L. mi ma, Dumort. Stem creeping, sparingly branched ;
leaves vertical, subrotund, — 2-lobed, the lower lobe an indistinct fold ;

amphigastria eee ete; perianth terminal, ag gy 5-angled ; the mouth
obtuse, papillose. — Roots of trees. — Small as No. 9. (Eu.)

ui, 4.. selene Libert. Stems loosely and divaricately branched ;
leaves ovate, pointed, decurved, cellulose-echinate, inflexed at the base, saccate ;
amphigastria oblong, 2-cleft; perianth pear-shaped, with 5 crested wings. — On
roots of trees, Ohio. — A very minute species, scarcely visible to the naked eye.

31. MADOTHECA, Dumortier. Trex Scare-Moss. (Tab. 22.)
Fructification lateral, nearly sessile. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, two-lobed.

Perianth ovate, biconvex; the mouth 2-lipped, incised or entire. Calyptra glo-

bose, persistent, rupturing below the apex. Capsule globose. Elaters free, at

490 HEPATICH. (LIVERWORTS.)

apa at both ends, with two spiral fibres. Spores large, rather angular.
Inflorescence dicecious, Antheridia in the saceate base of closely imbricated 2-
lobed Srtecnta leaves, Stem-leaves deeply and unequally 2-lobed. Amphi-

gastria large, decurrent. (Name formed of padds, bald, and @yxn, eapsule; the
geice: falling away from the valves.}

1. M. platyphylla, Dumort. Stems irregularly 2-pinnate or nearly so 5
dorsal lobe of the leaf roundish-ovate, the basal margin more er less undulate ;
the ventral lobe smaller, oblique, heart-oval, margins reflexed ; amphigastria
round-obovate with reflexed margins; mouth of perianth nearly entire. — Trees
and s, common; a large and variable species. gst 22.) (Eu.)

2, Mi. poréla, Nees. Stems 2-3-pinnate (2/-4/ long), the forked
branches divergent; leaves Setinity lei. ae ae al lobe oblong-ovate, ob-

e; the much smaller, appressed to the stem, oblong, flat ; amphi-
gastria quadrate ; mouth of the perianth erenulate.— Stones and roots of trees
subject to inundation. (Eu.)

augénsis, (n. sp.) Much like No. 2, but a smaller and
more en ee with faseicles of rootlets springing from the base of the
amphigastria, and the hese lobe of the leaf slightly pelea foliage
light perso o fruit seen.— Closely adhe o dec ogs;
banks of the Wa sini pies North Carolina. (M. ata, var. ? Muse.
pre No. 265.)

32. RADULA, Nees. (Tab. 22.

Fructification ternzinal on short branches, or in a fork. Tnvolucral leaves 2,

lyptra pear-shaped, persistent, opening below the apex. Capsule oval. Elaters

attenuated at both ends, with two spiral fibres. = large, globose. Inflo-

rescence moncecious. Antheridia in the ventricose base of minute perigonial

leaves. Stem-leaves 2-lobed, the small inflexed ventral lobe producing rootlets.

mphigastria none. (Name from padados, pliant, because these are mostly
ts.)

1. B. complanata, Dumortier. epee - eer larly and somewhat
pinnately branched, flaccid ; leaves imbricated ; lobe roundish; the ven-
tral much smaller, triangular-ovate, a AcE pond oblong, compressed,
the mouth truncate and entire. — A large species ; growing in orbic-
ular patches on the bark of trees, &e. (Eu.

2. KR. obcénica, Sulliv. Stems indeterminately branched; leaves dis-
tantly placed; dorsal lobe obovate-roundish, convex ; perianth clavate-obconic,
the mouth obliquely truncate and entire. (R. obit: var.? Muse. Alleghan.
No. 260.) — Trees, Cedar swamps, Ohio. .— Much smaller than the last; well
marked by the shape of its sihaet (Tab. 22.)

3. B. pallens, Nees. Stems rigid, divaricately fork-branched ; leaves
mbricated ; dorsal lobe roundish, decurrent, the ventral lobe with an inflexed
apex 5 perianth elongated funnel-form, the mouth entire. — Old logs, &c., Alle-
ghany Mountains,

HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.) (01

$3. PTILIDIUM, Nees. Frixcep Scare-Moss. (Tab. 22.)

Fractification terminal on short branches. Invyolucral leaves 2-4, four-cleft.
erianth terete, obovate; the mouth connivent, plaited, tae Ca me

pear-shaped, coriaceous. Capsule ovate. Elaters et spiral fibre: To-
florescence dicecious. Antheridia covered by c ara Inet vitiga
leaves. Stem-leaves Congenital: each lobe divided. Amphigastria 4-

5-lobed. (Name a diminutive of wridov, a downy tit from the cut-fringed

ciliare, Nees. Stems crowded, somewhat pinnate ; leaves (4-cleft)
and amphigastria both lacerately ciliate, the fringe long and setaceous. — Rotten
nom in woods. (Tab. 22.) (Eu.)

34. SENDTNERA, Endl. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal. Involucral leaves numerous, incised, free or connate
at the base, Perianth tubular, deeply many-cleft. Calyptra chartaceous.
sule globular. Elaters free, with two spiral fibres. Antheridia upon proper
branches in the axils of ventricose perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves 2~5-cleft or
entire. Amphigastria 2-many-cleft. (Named for O. Sendiner, a German bot-
anist.)

1. 8. eee Nees. Stems erect, nearly simple, mee elongated ;

rien and amphigastria almost alike, oblong, curved and o' e-sided, 2-cleft to

me the ae ieaecal ate. —- High auk rerenzs gid, reddish-
(Tab. 22.) (Eu)

35. TRICHOCOLEA, Nees. Downy Scate-Moss. (Tab. VIL)

Fructification situated in a fork. Tavolacral leaves numerous, coalescent into

ree. ridia
on the upper side of the stem in the axil of leaves. Leaves palmately divided ;
the divisions ce Amphigastria present. (Name composed of 6pig, hair,
and koleds. ; from the hairy involucre.)

1. T. To eR Nees. Stems forked, 2-3-pinnately branched ;
divisions of the 4-5-divided leaves capillary-many-cleft; amphigastria seta-
ceously many-cleft. — Moist places, in large patches. — Foliage pale green, soft- .
hairy. (Tab. 22.) (Eu.)

36. MASTIGOBRYUM, Nees. Great Scare-Moss.
(Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal, on short proper branches, arising from the axils of the
amphigastria. Involucral leaves small, narrow, acutely ages at the apex.

Periaath elongated, 3-angular, the mouth 3-toothed. C embranaceons.
Capsule globose. Elaters with two spiral ese Ante on a shor branches
axils Fae Ger + < alone x line Stem-

(02 HEPATICE. (LIVERWORTS.)

leaves onely 3-toothed at the Rene Stems flagelliferous (whence the name,
1€, a whip or lash oss).

puor, Mc
1. ME. ipnauieise Ne es. Leaves ovate, antrorsely soa at the dor-
sal base, broad and acutely 3-toothed at the apex; amphi - 6-toothed,

phigastria
the teeth Sree On the damp ground, Alleghany on prate and north-
ward. Stems 3/-5/ long; the foliage firm, varying from olive-green to brown-
ish-yellow. (Tab. 22.) (En)

2. M. tridenticulataum, Lindenb. Scarcely distinct from the pre
ceding: described as having men obtuse, shorter, less oblique, and less con.
cave leaves, with minute and often obsolete teeth: its habitat (swamps of the
Southern States) is different.

3. MI. ics x Nees. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, the dorsal mar-
gin arched, the narrow apex 2 -3-toothed or entire; amphigastria 2-cleft, crenate
or entire. — Rocky places. — Variable ; much esd than the last, fragile, of a
dark brownish hue.—M. denudatum and M. ambiguum, G. L. g N. Synop.
Hepat., are probably forms of this species. (Ea, )

37. LEPIDOZIA, Nees. Creeping Scare-Moss. (Tab. 22.)

Fructification terminal, on short proper branches arising ht the under side
of the stem. Involucral leaves numerous, small, broad, 2—4-toothed at the
apex. Perianth elongated, obtusely 3-plaited, the mouth ciciais Calyptra

membranaceous. Ca globose. laters with two spiral fibres. Antheridia
on short spike-like spigot arising from the under side of the stem, singly
lodged in th e

conduplicate 2~3-cleft perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves
4-toothed or 4-parted. Amphigastria present. (Name from Aemidd@, to cover
with scales ; in aitiston to the scale-like foliage.)
1. L. réptams, Nees. Stems creeping, pinnately compound or decom-
oound ; leaves decurved, quadrate, acutely 3-4-toothed; amphigastria 3-4
illy districts, on the ground. (Tab. 22.)

38. CALYPOGEIA, Raddi. (Tab. 22)

Perianth none. Involucre oblong, saccate, truncate, fleshy, hairy, attached
"by one side of its mouth to the stem, pendent. Calyptra ee partly
connate with the adres: Capsu “4 oblong, twisted; the val rrow aud
contorted. Elaters iral Antheridia on on seieech capitate
branches, one in each of the scalo-like perigonial leaves. Stem-leaves entire or
Sees. Amphigastria 2-cleft, (Name compounded of «daAvé, anette

tnd, under, and yaia, the ground; from the position of the fructification. )

1. C. Trichémanis, Corda. Leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, spread-
ing, imbricated ; perianths imbedded in the soil.— Moist or springy places, on

the ground. — Foliage delicate, pale glaucous-green. (Tab, 22.) (Eu.)

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 12,
8. Sphagnum sedoides, Brid.—The form mentioned under this species
has Bi found by Mr. James, in Ethan Pond, Willey Mountain, New
Hampshire.

Page 19.

ai Calpine viridis, pur & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 72.)
Closely cxspitose; stems ascending, mostly simple; leaves erect-pate ent
¢@when tortuous), iecenliaa euomhc ¢ very fragile.—In woods, on nai ot
logs, New England to Ohio.—A dark-green species, resembling Dicra
interruptum, scat for its fragile leayes, which are seldom fo mae un-"
broken.

Page 24.
8. Fissidens paves Sulliv.—Of this species, No. 39, Fissidens
bryoides, and No, 40, Fissidens bryoides, var., of Drummond’s 2d Coll. of

American Mosses, are probably large forms. "The bordering of its leaf is
variable.

sidens — (n. sp.). —Hermaphrodite; stems simple, in-
aly copia ong; es 12-14, ps nism oblique. ae pa
minate, bordered ae he the denticulate apex, the blade shorter than the
duplicature, the dorsal wing vanishing above the base; costa continuous; cap-
sule terminal, oval-oblong, erect; operculum rather long-rostrate.—San Mar-
cos, Texas, Wright.—. A email apecion, distinct by its whitish-green leaves with
a close areolation, regt apsule, and b phrodite inflor

Page 31.
2. Syrrhépodon oe et EP-). _ Stems shout Vv high, Apeiit

ing from ee Pile ee canaliculate, surrounded pate
near ae point by a narrow pellucid border of linear cellules ; areolation of

104 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

heathing portion composed of large oblong hyaline cellules, which else-
, sub

t, spin on its upper surface, often (the lamina being reduced or
nearly obsolete) bearing on its apex e@ roundish cluster of numerous
oval-oblong 6 -7-articulated ies. —San Marcos, Texas,

only known: it may be a Calymperes

Page 36.

8°. Schistidium Ag —, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer
No. 137.) NearS. confertum ; Laie sae by its blackish, shining, denser
tufts; narrower, longer, and ‘ngulate leaves, with an obtuse ae apex ;
and an ‘gry exserted ‘pericheth. Wet b rocks, northern shore of Lake
Superior, Agassiz

Page 54.

-descorameun: a. (n. sp.) Diwcious? stems 6’-10 long,
divided fi the base into pinnately ramulose divisi sions ; lore
ong Vv

serrated at the apex, auriculate and narrow wly decurrent at the base, the areola
‘cacti — (their length bic saalbies Himes their width), acute at each end,
hos:

those n y rhombic, those of the auriculz
large, obong, Dosernina nab peri chaelie’ on various parts of the ec
perichzetial es, capsule, peristome, and calyptra as in F, biformis, Sulliv

Tn rivulets, Maschtets Died James : Rhode Island, ons Connectic aks
D. 0. Euton. Stems reddish. Foliage clear shining green
Our specimens are sterile, except those received from Mr. James since the
ie pages were printed. F. Nove-An nglie is a rather large species,
quite distinct from any before described, excepting F. biformis, the vernal state
of which it bt closely resembles, and to which some sterile specimens col-
near N. innectiou:

Haven, Co: “ by Mr, Eaton, were erroneously referred
on page 54, two species differ from each other as follows: In numerous
specimens of F, Nove-Anglix (those from Mr. James collected in August),

aaa n, with leaves
_ (in the vernal state) one half eae their subflexnous areole have a ‘Jength only
— or thrice their width, and, being very obtuse at each en d, are suggestive

name sphagnifolium, given to one of the forms of - species by Muller.
r ¥. Nove-angie appears to be a more prolific species; some of the specimens

stages of seve, fro om. the eth flower-buds,

ted styles of their t and lodged in the
of n n the upper portion of the plant, to the mature capsules
Of the present and the decayed ones of the preceding season. In the other
i es are very rare, and found only near the base of the stem:
opercula are longer. The peristome, usually supplying good dis

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 105

tinctive marks in this genus, is (as with F. wie and F. squamosa) of no
account in distinguishing the Sista she ge under
In all the North America Or Heather and also in F. squamo-
sa, L. (which has not yet eit ssetendteeity ascertained to be a native of this
mera a lewiad foiecces _— cles at their base, with an enlarged pellucida
aisntaiies fet at pee” of
a line. ts

4 F. disticha, Hook & ekons Fine fruiting specimens ote by
Mr. James in Saco River, Cra d Notch, of the White Mountains, New
Hampshire, and sterile deans arent in Rhode Island by Mr. ous: indi-
cate for this species (heretofore deemed peculiarly southern) an unexpected
northern range,

Page 59.
83>. Léskea nervosa, Myrin.—Sterile specimens Gaia on the White
Mountains by the late Mr. Gunite, my at Trenton Falls, New York, by Mr.
James, appear to belong to this speci
Page 64, under Pylaisees,

Pterigynandrum filiforme, Hedw.—Diccious; stems slender and
with the fasciculate filiform branches arcuate-prostrate, villous, stolonifer-

i ang
where linear-flexuous ; capsule oblong, erect, long- -pedicellate ; operculum ros-
negra ot a conic base; annulus narrow, fragmentary; aclaadeat small ;
teeth n: w-lanceolate, incurved, pr yellow, remotely 5 -6-articulated, with

' fugacious di

vel oie barre foliage.

1s. Hypnum pilfferam, Schreb. Diccious; stems procumbent,
exten ded, divided, sebolidaktaty ramulose, the branchlets attenuated; leaves
loosely imbricating, ptegtrerns co, concave, suddenly contracted into a
long fiexuous hair-poin e the slender costa, vanishing about
cette capsule cong neal cane: operculum as long as the cap-
sule; tra Pasig rough.—On the ground in dense woods, New
England to o Pennsylvania d Ohio.—A large species, le-green and
shining leaves

ln 15, fr“D, Bao ead
‘Page 56, line 12 from bottom, for sf eee era gels 5

SR i phos eae

N. B.—Synonymes, and th fG d Sr d i, are in Italics.
PA
AcavLon (Sect. 15 | Barbula convoluta, Hedw.
_— see eet = hon moucronifolia, Br. & Sch,
mse lis, Tim
feat uratis, =
Ecce. Bria. Lag Wils.
An , Ehr , Hedw.
crassinervi squarrosa, Notaris,
etrophila, Ehrh, tortu W. & M.
hit W. &. M. unguiculata, Hedw.
rupestris, Turn. || Bartramia, Hedw. -
rupestris, Hedw. calcarea, Br. & Sch. :
Aneura, Dumort. ontana, Bri 4
multifida, Dumort. Ithyphylla, Brid .
ata, Nees, Marchica, Bri 4
inguis, bergii, Schwegr. :
sessilis, Spreng. ? +

PToccot, Sully Abe.

pl sag "Hook & Tayl.
begets Mich.
lac se uaa
vis aay

etrum, Scheer.

Foceun, Schreb. nie.
torquescens, Br. & Sch.

a

ERNE NME DS 181

‘ws

108

Bryum turbi aes po Dicranum congestum, Brid.
uiiginos Sch. debile, Ho ok & Wils.
Wahlenberd, ‘eine. rr Drummondi ll.
er a 39 elongatum, Schwegr.
hylla, H ery os flagellare, —
cater ee oe ulliv. laucum
nici ; et) 102 . acilescens, +e tenellum, B, E.
andi Corda. 102 eteromallum, Hedw.
Plicleersie (Sect.), Sulliy. interruptum, br. & Se
Campylopus, Brid. 19 longifolium, Hedw.
rf Brid. 19 montanum, Hedw.
Lean ulliv. 19 pallidum, Br. Eur.?
leucotriehus, Sulliv. & Lesqx. = palustre, Brid.
viridis, v. & Lesqx. polycarpum, Ehrh
Catherinia wv Brid. rufescens, T
Ceratodon, Bri 33 Schraderi, W. & M.
purpureus, Brid. 23 scoparium, Linn
Chiloseyphus, Corda, 91 spurium, Hed
ascendens, Hook & Wils. 91 Starkii,
Drummondii, Tay 91 subulatum, Hedw.
lab Aye £” 91 undulatum, —
poly: Corda, 91 May Hed
Clasmaiodon, Hook & Wils. 60 virens, var. Wahlenbergit, B. E.
parvulus, Hampe 60 Didymodon, Br. & Sch.
pusiilus, Hook & Wils. 60 cylindricus, Br. ag Sch.
Climacium, W. & M. 66 uridus, Hornse
Americanum, Brid. 66 rubellus, Br. & Beh,
roides, W. & M. 66 | Diphyscium, W. & M.
Conomitrium,’ Mont. 25 foliosum., W. & M.
ulianum, Mont. 25 | Distichium, Br. & Sch.
Conostomum, Swartz. 50 capillaceum, Br, & Sch.
boreale, Swartz. 50 inclinatum, Br. & Sch,
dasoegetse re nabs Seng 37 mondia, Hack.
38 | lavellata, Hook.
rightit 38 | Dryptodon (Sect.), Br. & Sch.
Cratoneuron, vork ‘ Sulliv. 73 | Drumortiera, Nees.
Cc 56 hirsuta, Mees.
otha “Sch, 56 | Elodium, (Sect.), Sulliv.
heter Brid. 56 | Enealypta, Schreb
inun ees, 56 cilia e os
nervosa, Hook & Wils. 56 commutata, Nees & Hornsch.
Cylindrothecium, Br. Eu 64 rhabdocarpa, Schwegr.
breviset: r. Eur. 65 a, H
cladorrhizans, Br, Eur. 64 Hutosthodon, Bohwaegr.
compressum, Br. Eur 64 ondii, Sulliv.
Drummondii, ees = it i , Hook de Wils.
: escens, Sch. Templetoni, Sch
Rugelianum, Sch, 64! Ephemerum (Sect. tay
ictrix, Br. Eur, 64 Ephonerum —— “§ Sch.
Sullivantii, Mull. 64| Eurynchium (Sect.), B
C nodontium (Sect.), Br. & Sch. 20] Eustichium, Br. age
a, var. H. & W. 56 orvegteum, Br. Eur.
Désmatodon, Brid. 28 | Fabroni di.
arenaceus, Sulliv. & Lesqx. 28 na, Sulliv, & Lesqx.
- flavicans, Br. Eur. : 28 ptstneowny Sulliv. wie Len
: — Sulliv. & Lesqx. 28
ma, Myrin, 55 Ravenelii, Sulliv.
55 Wrightii, Sulliv.
55 | Fegatella, Raddi.
55 conica, Cor
> briaria, —
legans, Spreng.
21 *, Tayl.
19 tenella, Nees,
20 Fissidens, Hedw_ :
fol " es, k shod E
21 ped btm Sulliv. 24,1

INDEX.

~

Fissidens grandifrons, Brid.
hyalinus, Hook & Wils.

°
=e
oe
=|
ale
SEE
ea

Dalccattics, Br. Eur.
disticha, Hook & ye

wamosa,
Pepopesle Raddi.

usilla, Nees.
Frullani, addi
Carolina ~ Sulliv.

tata, Sulliv

D ctor Tayl.
Eboracensis, Le
Grayana, Mont.
Hutchinsiz, Nees,

» Layl.
miser oscypha, ayl.
nana, Tayl.
plana, Sulliv.
saxatilis, Lindb.
amarisci,
Virginica, Le
Funaria, Schreb.
flavicans, Michx.
OL Maat ba 5 He
ee dehwieae.

Donniana, Smith,
leucopha, Grev.
a weegr. ’

Olneyi, Sulliy. *
Pennsylvanica, Peni ia

ty
acuitifolia, siook.?

INDEX.

=

—

SSSLLSSSE LASS SLSLLSTLECLATLL EM SRE RV LL LS

Oror
ae

Hookeria lucens ~—
24| Hylocomium (Sect.), Br, Eur.

denticulatum, Lin
: a Nolte
pressum, James

2

opiate Bri ig
imponens, Hed
i sarge eg var. joilaz, Br. Eur.

nitens,
noterephilum, Sulliv. & Lesqx.
Nove-. Sulliv. & Lesqx,

plumosum, Linn.
polygamum, Br. Eur,

Cana o

encowo*

110
«

Hypnum, polymorphum, Br. Eur.
agsiana. og :

recurvans, Schwegr.
reflexum, 'Stark.
mes,

, Jo
reptile, Michx. x

revolvens, Swartz,
ipari Hedw.

Rugelianum, Br. Bur.
rugosum, Ehrh
rusciforme, Weis,

n

salebrosum, Hoffm,
Schreberi, Willd,
scitum, Beauy.
scorpioides, Linn.
serpens, Hedw.

a e Saag a
splendens, Hedw. f
Sprucei, Bruch,

INDEX.

| Jungermannia, Sphagni, Auct.
Taylori, Hook.
trichophylla, Li

Lejeunia,
auriculata, Hook & Wils
ealearea, Libert,
ealycula Tayl.

com. > w.
? denticulata, Sulliv.
eri, Sulliv.
Sragilis, Hook & Wils.
microcarpa, Schimp,

nervosa, i

nervosa, iv.
obscura, Hedw.

W. & M.

trifarium,
triquetrum, Linn.

triste, C. Mull.
umbra' Ehrh.
uncinatum, Hedw,

RREFRELKEESREKRSSERKSSARSRSSSVRLSS

pa , Hampe.
polycarpa, Hedw.
rostrata, Hedw.

vantii, Br. Hur. ?

sis, Sulliv.
lat; lla, Dumort.
: aN ees,

59,

Naat

Load
‘
‘

Baeeeeantss

M pot trilobatum, Nees

M
ional eta, Hedw
tirana Br. & Sch.
edw.
Makscnank? 3 pendulum, Sulliv.
gygreiade Raddi,

reata, Nees
pubescens, Rich
Mnium FE Sch.
affine i
seeriatean, Hedw.
aches ie Ue Br. & Sch.
hornum, Hedw

a orbrmy| os Br. Eur.
Myurells, Br. Eur.
culata, Br.

Suite.
Careyans, v.
r. Hur.

ODPL to

INDEX.

| Phascum: eng Schreb.

nitidulum, Schimp
palustre Br. & Sch.

edw
roti. rianum Sulliv.
serra e Schreb
sessile,

Br. & Sch.
subulatum, Schreb.
Sullivantit; Schimp.
triquetram, Spruce,
Philonotis Sagar 3 Brid.
Phyllogonium um, Brid,
Physcomitrella (Sect) s ; Bebimn.

ifolium, Mull. —
Pragfochasin, Lehm, & Lindb.

“Wrightii, Sulliv.
Plagiochila, ee &

brachyclada, & 3 macrostoma.
orrhizans, a & Wils, porelloides,
complanata, 8 Eur 65 — sa, Nees ‘* “Mont.
Nepalensis, Tay 58 ndat a, Sul
nnata, Hedw 65 Placiothecium (Se (Set. Br. Eur.
te Shes sie “ “it = 7 nae r. Eur.
otothylas, Sulliv. Plat, tan r.
melanospora, Suiliv. 85 repens, Br. tur
orbicularis, Schwein. 85| Pleuranthe, Tayl.
valvata, Suilli 85
Omalia, Br. Eur. 65 | Pleuridium (Sect.), Brid.
Jamesiana, Schimp. 65 uro , (Sect.), Sulliv.
trichomanoi ee Brid. 65 | Pogonatum, Beau
? Wrightii, Sulli 65 alpinum, Brid.
trichum, FE aie: 32 brachyphyllum, Michx
Se 34 brevicaule, Brid.
anomalum, Hedw. 33 capillare, Brid.
Bruchii, Brid. 34 urnigerum, Brid.
Canadense, Br. & Sch. 34 Polytrichum, Brid.
crispulum, Ho 34
crispum, Hedw. pd resem Hedw.
capulatum, Hoffm. 33 gracile, Menzies,
pe be Su 33 juniperinum, Hedw
Hutchinsie, Smith 3+ piliferum, Schreb.
leiocarpum, Br. & Sch. 34 | Pottia, Ehrh.
udwigii, Schwegr. 34 eustomo, Ehrh.
obtusifolium, Schrad. 33 Russellii, Sulliv.
Rogeri, Brid. 33 truncata, Br. & Sch.
speciosum, Nees 34) Preissia, Nees,
strangulat ; 33 cummutata, Nees,
_ Sturmii, Hoppe & Hornsch. 33 um aseendens, Schwegr.
Texanum, 33 decumbens, Schwegr.
Pellia, Raddi, 90 marginatum, Schwein.
epiphylla, Nees, 90| Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw.
Phascum, Linn. 14 oe
alternifolium, Brid. 15 um, Hedw.
coherens, Hedw. 15} intricatum, Hedw.
crassinervium, Sch i 14! Ptilidium, Nees,
crispum, Hedw. ae . wont ‘ergy
mM, var, & W. 16; Ptilium t.
t i is sont betel Br. & Sch.
Ludovici : 16; ondii, Hook. & Wils.

Lea en mo

ee

Be iB uy iby ifs bie ite, id ite ie i SS
i r =

111

~

Ge Stor

112 INDEX.

Sualcuaie “Beh 2 Scank lium, Sulit. &
intricata, Br. Eur. 62 eymbifolium, Dill.
yantha, Br. Bur 63 ymbifol. var. wo H&w,
velutina, Sch. 63 fimbriatu
Racomitrium, Br. & Sch. 88 umile, chimp.
aciculara, B 38 Leseurii, Sulliv.
canescens, Brid. 39 macropliylium, ‘Bernhardi,
fasciculare, 38 e, Sulliv.
lanuginosum, Brid. 39 molluscum, Brisk
microcarpum, Brid. 39 Pylaisii, Brid ;
a ten Br. & Sch. 38 llum, Wiis.
Radula, N: 100 sedoides, Brid. 12, 1
ect Dumort. 100 squarrosum, Pers.
obconie Suliiv 100 strictum, Sulliv.
pallens 100 tabulare, Sulliv.
Raphidostezium (Sect.), Br. Eur. 170 tenerum, Sulliv. & Lesqx.
Reboulia, Raddi 87 orreyanum are
hemispherica, Raddi, 87 | Splachnum, L., Br.
microcephala, Tayl. gio Lie
Rhabdoweisia, Br. & Sch nn.
enticulata, Br. & Sch. i eum, Hook. & Wils.
r. & Sch. 18 | Steet: ian. Lehm
Rhyncostegium eee oi Eur. re ellii, Lehm.
Rnytidiam A kel ' sagen cbt Schweeer.
Riccia, albovaginatus, H. & W.
e sean Hampe, saiaten Sulli
bifi otim. Floridanus, Sulliy.
erystallina, Linn. Texanus, 8 1
tans, Linn. e ;
gia Linn. pellucida, Hed
utescens, Schwein. Tetraplodon, Br. : Sch.
natans, L angustatus, & Sch.
velutina, Hook, australis, Sulliv. _ —
Sarcoscyphus, Corda, : mnioides, Br. & Sch
Ehrharti, Corda, coe nonce Sehwiegr.
Scapania, Lindb.
breviflora, Tayl. Thasnnium ma (Sect. eo Eur.
nemorosa, Nees, The
undulata, Nees & Mont. ‘oe eo iv.
Schistidium, Br. & Sch. posion: Sulliv,
Agassizii, Sulliv. & Lesqx. 104 urii, Sulliy.
ambiguum, Sulliv. 36 Thuidium (Sect.), Br. Eur,
earpum, Br. & Sch, 36 | Timmia, Hedw. 5
confertum, Br. & Sch. 36 miagapolitans, Hedw.
maritimum, Br. & § 36 | Trematodon, Rich,
theimia, Brid. 35 ongicollis, Rich,
_ Sullivantii, C. Mull. 85| Trichocolea, Nees 1
Seligeria, Br. & § 18 Tomentella, Nees, J
pusilla, Br. & Sch. 80} Trichostomum, Br. & Sch
curvata, Br, 18 glaucescens, Hedw.
tristicha, Br. & Seh. 18 llidum, Hedw.
Itnera, Endl. 101 Portsie, Schrad
“ose toaaags _ _ tenue, He ie
C us, MAC: vaginans, Ve
‘ Michelti Bellardi, rs] Weise Hedw,
sere , . calearea, iv.
; a oman Nees, 92 virid 4 Brid.
_ _ communis, Nees, 92 | Zygodon, Hook. & Tay
10 Lapponicus, Br. & Sch.
~ acutifolium, Ehbrh. bo Pa hada br. “Aga
, var. Sulliv, 2 ullivantii, C.
Cot aaaemion i

es eh 69 0b

WWwwoYe

ATION OF THE

.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

i aga vip aan beer oaabaen fe the gen re Sal fb
are from original cycles or “ustrting era are
Beured ofthe natural se their details are more or less magnified. —The sign 6 on the plates

Genera of Musci.
LABS 1.
ANDRA. — Plant, cogent canna hi re aia aie A gt
A. rupestris, Turn.: after Schim:

« SPHAGNUM.— Plant, capsule with PaO of the calyptra, the same cut lengthwise, and
operculum of 8. cymbifolium,

# ARCHIDIUM. lant, and a plan’ ; east cpeabaieaiatacsn casqaiea Ca
ential. a i calyptra of A. Ohioense, Schamper.

PHASOUM. ee eS et ee
after Schimper.

¢ MRUCHEA.=. Plank; nits phil dlbdpnd) dijeeifulsl elf vl 3 Nenviniiad stele
GYMNOSTOMUM. — Plant, capsule, operculum, and calyptra of G. rupestre, Schwegr. -
after Schimper.

WEISIA. — Plant, capsule with nr and calyptra, and five teeth of the peristome of
Brid.; after Schimper.

W. viridula, Brid.

RHABDOWEISIA. — Oriel? lepie isl a ie ae when peer ba teeth of the

a in eer Saas
ith th ro ard tho et

stome, and capi of, longtrostre, Brol. Ewop.: after

ARCTOA. — Plant, capsul lyptra, and two teeth ot te yaad
A. fulvella: ee

smear cnet Tum and ne ee
stome of 8. tristicha, Bryol. fives: after Schim;

BARBULA. Mielec capsule with operculum, the actoblain, and calyptra of B. unguicu-
himper.

beanie uk poe mp become rnd teeth of the
peristome, after Schimper.

OAMPYLOPUS. en an
calyptra of C fk
RICHOSTOMUM. Pia, cprle wit opectam, tre tet of the pisos and
calyptra of T. tortile, Schrad.: after Schimper.
CONOMITHIUM — Pit, epmle wth oesion pei! and pst are Ce
f C. lianum, Mont.

Cage ie ae oe a eee ee

116 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Pla
and calyptra of T. = nati Miche.

Tas. II,
LEUCOBRYUM. — Plant, capsule with. operculum, trek dry, two 2-parted teeth of the
peristome, and calyptra of L. vulgare, Hampe : after Schimper.

DICRANUM.—Plant, capsule and operculum, two bre teeth of the peristome, and
tra of

* DESMATODON. — Plant, capsule, mouth of the same he peristome, two 2-parted teeth
the peristome with a — of the annulus, operculum, and ener of D. abso,
Sulliv. § Lesqz.
DIDYMODON. — Plant, seal two teeth of the peristome with a portion of its annulus,
operculum, and calyptra of D, rubellus, Bryol. Europ.: after Schimper.
* EUSTICHIUM. — Plants, one enlarged, male flower, an antheridium, fertile flower, and sec-
tion of the leaf of E. Norvegicum, Bryol. Europ,
oe Ortlespens —- of — a leaves enlarged, capsule with operculum, two
the annulus, and calyptra of D. capillaceum,

Bryol. ‘Bioop.: after dest

POTTIA. — Plants, capsule with operculum an re ag and capsule with operculum at-
tached by the ak only, of P. ei Bryol. Europ.: after Schimper.

* wane ager — Plant, capsule cola ag and pia three teeth of the peri-
a cpeenton of 38. ‘picts fin

SCHLOTHEIML le with » Same covered by the calyptra, portto
of the ay ‘co tooth and two cilia), and the lower part of the calyptra of a.
Sullivantii, C. M

Bee Pas capsule with satan. same coyered by calyptra, myewt dry, and

the peristome with a portion of the annulus, of E. r

TETRAPHIS —Plant, capsule with operculum and calyptra, the entire peristome, and
operculum of T. pellucida, Hedw.: after Schimper.

* PEXCHOMITHIUM. — Plant, capsule with peristome ard a portion of the annulus, two
teeth of the peristome, nanroge and et ets of P. incurvum, Schwegr.

# DRUMMONDIA. — Plant, capsul , two teeth of the peristome,
operculum, calyptra, and three spores of D. clavellata, Hook.
ZYGODON. — Plant, capsule with operculum, capsule without arpa and dry, and
calyptra of Z. Lapponicus, Bryol. Europ.: after Schim

ces cg deere capsule, mouth of the same with the annular peristome, and
calyptra of M. Dregei.

SCHISTIDIUM. — Plant, capsule with operculum and calyptra, two teeth of the peristome,
operculum with columella, and calyptra of S apocarpum, Bryol. Europ.: after

Schimper.
RACOMITRIUM. — Plant, capsule with operculum and calyptra, one tooth of the peristome
2p tt tn Sh. + tht P ety £ éh, 1 5 - P ‘hid ep lare

— Plant, capsule operculum and calyptra, capsule dry, portion of
(puis of teeth and el) operculum, nd calyptra of 0. Hutchin-
after Schimper

GRIMMIA. — Plant, capsule A geecheck es tity gis eM ep ial
® portion of the annulus, of G leucophea, Grev.: after Schimper.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 117

Tas. OL :
ie eign — Plant, th of capsule with peristome, opercu-
th part of one and calypire of B aphylla, Haller: after Schimper.
scien npeteea — Plant, peristome, operculum a portion of the columella, and
f D. som oe i hones after Schimpe:
canal — Plan ristome, calyptra, and its point
nified, of A. maa: it ee : after Schimper.
pOdONATOM. — Plant, capsule and operculum, the same covered by the hairy calyptra,
and four teeth of iNeT ss of P. eo Brid.; after Schim) eh
POLYERICHUM. chet capsule wit
d three teeth of the petisionss, of P. commune, Li: gees Sebiapets:
BARTRAMIA. EES eapsule with operculum and calyptra, capsule se portion of the
peristome, and operculum of B. barr Hedw.;: after Schim:

ee capsule with operculum, and portion of the oe (two teeth, three
aa cilia, and dies ae vot M. pep OE Hedw.: after Schimper.
‘ibis capsule with op lyptra, and perist C. boreale
Swartz: after Schimper.
MEESIA. — Plant, ge with culum d dry, two teeth and

FUNARIA. — Plant, see with bsemes oe apd ptra, the — Shoe rahe —
one entire tooth of th
operculum, of F. hy ottenakiibal Hedw.: after Schimper.
AULACOMNION. — Plant, capsule and operc rculum, the same without operculum and dry,
part of the peristome (two teeth, one cilium split along the middle, and two ciliols,
po tion of the annulus), and the ealy ptra of A heterostichum, Bryol. Europ.”
r.

after Schim

hed to the pedicel) Je with operculum, the same with-
on opeiaicins ‘andl Arg one tooth of the peristome and several appendiculate “ilia
united in pairs and a portion of the annulus, of T. megapolitana, Hedw = sfter

Schimper.
Tas. FV.

e ENTOSTHODON. — Plants, capsute with operculum, mouth of capsule with the entire peri-
stome, three teeth of same with portion of the annulus, and the calyptra of E. Dram-

mondii, Sulliv.
« PHYSCOMITRIUM. — Plant, the same enlarged, capsule, operculum with columella, and
calyptra of P immersum, Sullt
* acon — Plant, the same cigs capsule, operculum, and calyptra: of A.
serrata, Si
« TETRAPLODON. — Plant, capsule — its long apophysis, operculum with calyptra, four
teeth of the Piet in pairs, and calyptra of T. australis, Sulliv. § Lesqz.

SPLACHNUM. ay copaule sept se and opereulum, ares of the capsule with

two teeth of the

peciotoine, nu and operculum, of S. ampullaceum, L. : after Schimper.
« COSCINODON.=-Plant, the sume eniarged, capsule with pI Sea
the calyp' a Se

@ DICHELYMA Rae with operculum, pericheetial leaves with the capsule later-
ally ee es os. at the apex by cross-bars) of the
Bryol. Europ.

118 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

FONTINALIS. — Plant, capsule with peter the same immersed in the perichstial
re peistome (the anne a tessellated cone), operculum, and calyptra of F. anti-

L.: after Schimpei
asacarro00n — eioeares with op entire

ifn m. of another reflexed and ie cilia ¢ is ot the peristome, ei 0
=. san of A. splachnoides, Brid. : after Schimpe!
* Ssereereny — Plant, capsule with opaceamag two teeth of the peristome, operculum, and
ra of F. Ravene — Sull
prticecaney — Plant. f the peristome,
operculum, and calypien of A. a Brid. : after Schimper.
« LEPTODON. Sina — pce = + pedicel and Siem e a capsule with
nse, Sulliv.

* BP’ EA.— Plant, cpm ith op lum, sient of the peristome, and calyptra of P.
fntiicale, Bryol. Eur

igen — Plant, cece wh with operenlnm, etioe: of - ena (one om, one —

ted cilium

“ 2 antheridia, 2 archegonia, and 4 saabeiseedi of B bimum, Schreb.: after Sobkmper.

* anne oe capsule with operculum pedicel and perichetial leaves, capsule with

eal yptra, t hese of ne ctu teeth of the outer and the annular

f L julaceus, Hedw.

AK. V:
* HOMALOTHECIUM. — Plant, psule with
th fragments of the membrane of the inner peristome and a portion of the annulas,
and operculum, of H. RE RRL y Bryol. Europ
PLATYGYRIUM. — — Plant, capsule with operculum and sabia four of su outer with as

many cilia of the inner peristome and a ee of the large annulus, and operculum,
f P. repens, Bryol. Europ.: after Schimpe
® CYLINDROTHECIUM. — Plant, capsule wi th of the out.
er and one cilium of the inner peristome, of C pooch main Europ.

* ee _ sept nied —- _ cage two teeth of the outer with one cilium
and tl , of M. Careyana, Sulliv.
* LESKEA — Plant, capsule with o operculum and ee broken teeth
of ter exterior and three cilia of the interior Gidea epeetiddeiny's a il and a cili-
with a erga of its basilar membrane, and a part of the annulus, of L. obscura.

CLAS} capsule with o em and Leaty pes, portion of the —— —
stome with part of the annulus, ve:
cula of C. paryulus, Hampe.
* CRYPHZA. — Plant, a perichaeth h enclosing the capsule with j ts operculum and calyptra,
capsule with — gin removed, two teeth of the exterior and three cilia of
the inner peristome ® portion of the annulus, two sporules, and calyptra, of C.
a Wit. a
IA,— , capsul 1 ne eve Sle fon. pertotome, and

KER:
calyptra, a lucena, Smith: after Schimper.
* # CLIMACIUM — Plant, capsule and operculum, two teeth and two cilia of the peristome,
calyptra, f wines agente

NECKERA.— Plant, portion of th
sule, two teeth of the exterior nd three arcuate cilia of the inner’ peristome,
-ealyptra, operculum, capsule, pedicel, sang: Ami and pericheetial branch,
allin connection, of N. pennata, Hedw. :
# ANOMODON. — Plant, capsule with ohne Rene: two teeth of the outer and the

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 119

membranous rudiment of the inner peristome and a portion of the annuius, of A.
obtusifolius, Br. § Sch.
» OMALIA. — Plant, sais with os part of the peristome (one tooth, two cilia, one
ciliola, and a portion of the us), and calyptra, of O. Wrightii, Sulliv.
-HYPNUM. — Plant, Cc ae pha naperrrhinge teas ee!
um, and two wpe with a portion of the annulus), and a calyptra, of
Hoffm.: after Schim

Genera of Hepatice.
Tas. VI.

ities); spores en doclosod in @ mother-sell a ecuraniaiedacdal
tra with ita style, of R. ome eee seagivnre

ti d th } lla. toceth-
» WB

RICCIA. — —— v

ig .
er with spores and elaters ; two spores and two claters, of A. levi
NOTOTHYLAS. — Plants; vertical section of the frond through the involucre, showing th:
capsule ; apex of the capsule protruding — es end a the involucre ; lower half @
ee ae showing ist colame lla; upp a ge! an antheridium ;

- |

(4 in each), of N. valvata, Sulliv.

REBOULIA. eats tacle viewed irons above 5 ie same from below ; capsule
dehiscing with remains we the calyptra at its base ; vertical section of the male disk,
showing the imbedded antheridia; an cual portion of the same; and
of R. hemispherica, Raddi: after Bischoff.

ee rine: a cluster of 5 involucres ; an involucre nore a beni al a
capsule fill th spores ; and three of S. Michelii, Bellardi:

# DUMORTIERA. — Plants (portions of), male and female ; cera three
involucres, each with a capsule ; capsule partly covered by the calyptra ; vertical seo-
tion of the male disk, showing the imbed ded antheridia; an elater, portion of the

res, ta, Ne

same ; an
# PHAGIOCIIASMA. — Plants; triangular fertile receptacle with its three large involucres
seen — above ; same viewed egmaeiegal ; anvoturee oe mas ine mihi —

Y
hein 5, $¢, hi later ; 3,
’ > ’

two spores, of z —-

FEGATELLA. — Plants (portions of), male and female; a vertical section of the fertile recep-
le, showing two Sak each with pemacl capsule with its calyptra ruptured
+ the apex ; section of disk s' the ;
tion of an elater ; and two spores of F. conica, : afte

ants (portions of), male and female ; a vertical section of the fertile recep-
; SS eee two elaters; portion of an elater ; two spores;
LP EE of part of the male disk, showing the imbedded antheridia, of P.
commutata, Nees: Sica, wading
MARCHANTIA. Te yertical section of the fertile recep-
tacle ; perianth, calyptra, and capsule ; an elater ; portion of the same; five spores; @
of a part of the male dis, showing the imbedded antheridia, of M.
Bischoff, partly.

FIMBRIARIA. — Plants; a fertile receptacle ; vertical vertical section of the same; & capsule de-
hiscing ; two elaters ; sabres 5 Nees.

y eae

eae PSS Ne eGR NP Ta
»® STEETSIA +-Pleat; portion of the frond, i ? alyptra 5
m " 1 r= .? re

12U EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

‘Pa. VU
PELLIA ion te gua with lower _— of the pedicel; capsule; an elater; he of
the same ; and two antheridia, of P. ss nies after Hooke
BLASIA. — Pants 9 (et rae, md conteeoi ‘ pape of a oo sig the ee
le frond two antheridia ;

a a gemmiparous frond with ‘ats receptacles; a vertical ection of one nite the recepta-

; three gem-
m8; four spores and three el: ; two spores, and pértion © of an elater ; ; Ra de-
hiseing ; vertical section of ey Zee in the la of the ae showing the
and the calyptra in a young state, of B. pusilla, D Hoo

METZGERIA. — Plants (fertile, male, and gemm’ Fak ae = plant aun the his-
pid calyx with the Geciobed eat eral ecuetiey ethene, mcomah pee bed
the oe parca mag ae cose ; f

two elaters, of M. fureata, Nees: after Hooker.
» ANEURA. — Plant (portions of male and female) ; a vertical section of the fleshy calyptra,
with the base of the pedicel ; a portion of the frond, with two elongated deflexed male
P

receptacles; one of these les cut transversely, showing the imbedded anthe-
ridia; valves of the capsule bearded by tufts rth esa 3 three spores ; one elater, and
portion of the same, of sessilis, Spren,

serene dehiscing, with ead rig
‘0 leaves and d

m howing

be ?

nid sera two — of leaves, with the | da
igastrium

an
* GEOCALYX.— Plant; part of the ste! th tha i
the calyptra

tria; portion of the stem, eit one amp four valves of the capsule; two
elaters ; three s ‘cian Ne
GRIMALDIA. (

mg of). male and female; end of a frond showing the pales
and lower part of the peduncle; end of a frond with two male disks ; one of the disks

cut vertically, showing the imbedded an cteenecieaner: a fertile receptacle ; a vertical sec-
tion of the same; capsule dehiscin Srdisabbeithe ties th two elaters, and two
spores, of G. bar won, Bisch ; after Bisc f

with involucral leaves perianth and calyp-
tra; a pair of leaves with — in theis dorsal bases ; heridium ; portion
of the stem, with a leaf and an amphigastrium ; a ioe em en vival three
spores and two elaters, of C. sca Hook. § Wi
* PLEURANTHE —Plant; the same enlarged ; a portion of the stem, with a pair of leaves
; capsule with its four valves; five spores;
three elaters, and part of an elater, of P. olivacea, Tayl.
. — — Plant ; portion of the stem, with its leaves — _— perianth ; same, with
ne leaf having with three pairs of leaves
} cross-section near
the mouth of the perianth ; three spores and an po gy i : hiserohsta: Nees.

_ JUNGERMANNIA. — = portion of the stem with pairs of leaves ; h with in-

volucral leaves shana an involueral leaf; heaped eapsule with valves

Sibi: sides hs. wa ves spreading; an elater 0 sporules, of J, connivens,
Dicks : Hooker.

| GYMNOMITRIUM irs.of | the same witn

lero nr a th pe, Fe pedicel, 0 apn yptra with base of the pedi-

g | cso leaves, of G. concinna

tam, Corda: after Hooker.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 121

SARCOSCYPHUS.—Plant; portion of the same with stem, involucral leaves, and base of
the pedicel ; envenicenl leaves and perianth opened so as to show the calyptra ari

lower part of pedicel; capsule with its 4 valves; an elater and two sporules, of 8.

after Hooker.

Ebrharti, Corda:
: Tas. VIII,
SCAPANIA. — Plant , EE — e va ce and ge of the pedicel, furnished at
the base with involucral leaves e stem with three eniter pa poryaieen
open; an ‘uk and tne Gok se 8. ainuigs. N. § M.: after Hook

capsule 0
* PLAGIOCHILA. — Plant; portion of the stem with five leaves; perianth, paced the
calyptra and part of the pedicel; piece of stem with an amphigastrium and radicles ;
two antheridia; capsule ; two spores and two elaters, of P. macrostoma, Sulliv.
splgmerriisirss.) 7 ieee . apes of the stem with four or five pairs of leaves, and a
thed with involucral leaves and bearing the perianth ; an involucral
leaf; the aC ae extremity of a branch, bearing gemme at the apex ; four gem-
me ; capsule ; three spores and two elaters, of S. communis, Nees: after Hooker.
2 swage — Plant Fa —— Whee capsule and — siesta ‘ enltaes of _ pedicel ;

P an anthe-
stlacn « portion oft ste with ts pairs of les leaves seen from above; the seme
with two amp ed from erty cross-section of the perianth ; two elaters,

and two spores, of-L. ajetii Schw
# FRULLANIA. — Plant ; portion of the stem, with two pairs of leaves seen from above; the
same, with the amphigastria and auriculz, viewed from beneath ; perianth and in-
volucral leaves ; cross-section of the perianth ; an involucral leaf ; anette’ two elaters
and two spores, of F. Grayana, Mont.
# MADOTHECA.— Plant; portion of the stem, with a pair of leaves and an amphigastrium,
beneath ; h

containing antheridia ; a 2-1 with its antheridium ; an antheridi-
um; perianth, with involucral leaves and capsule; an elater and two spores, of M.
platyphylla, Duznort.

® RADULA.— Plant; a branch terminated by the perianth and capsule, with lateral male
branchlets; a male branchlet; an antheridium; a perianth with two involucral
— portion of che stem with two pairs of leaves seen from above; the from
R. obconica, Sulliv.
PrnLiDroM, Pack: ies of the sai dias cate WE ince: same with an am
trium; perianth with its eat gaat } @ capsule ; an elater and two spores, of
P. ciliare,

MASTIGOBRYUM. fl two amphigastri
and a male spikelet ; portion of a apn se its porigonial leaf an antheridium ;
ee —" seoeppasieie stiles Htiaiey _—

gi Sete — Plant; leaf, hi d f th inv 5

capsule ; two spores and an elater, of T. “‘Tomentella, Nees: after Hooker.
sexprsena.— Fant; pation of nhascita asibeatoncetnns inn tubuler many-cleft
after Hooker,

juniperina, Nees:

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LEPIDOZIA.— Plant portion of stem with three 1 ——— 1
capenle four spores and an later, of tempt, Ne after Hooker.

ei ahowind ms higastria ;
hairy inyol ac tnt heereghan pedicel ; the ¢ vertically, showing
neg Pana aR an elater and two spores, of C. Tricho-

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