IPRS
ài
on

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS:

RE ege

A DESCRIPTION

OF THE

PLANTS OF THE AUSTRALIAN ‘TERRITORY.

BY

GEORGE BENTHAM, F.R.S., P.L.S.,

Lieben iiir e ape ata

ASSISTED BY

FERDINAND MUELLER, M.D., F.R.S. & L.S.,

GOVERNMENT BOTANIST, MELBOURNE VICTORIA,

VOL. I.
RANUNCULACEZ TO ANACARDIACEZ.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SEVERAL GOVERNMENTS
OF THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

l LONDON:
>] ELL REEVE Aen CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
i 1863. = 39 à TII are. t
| Jour. Don f B. bl. Mat- Kist-
4 La
i Mo.Bot. Gardan, Lert.
i 190^.

TO

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H.,
D.C.L. Oxon., F.R.S., gro ETC., `
DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,

TO WHOSE UNCEASING EXERTIONS IN THE CAUSE OF SCIENCE
IT IS MAINLY DUE THAT
THE PREPARATION OF A SERIES OF COLONIAL FLORAS
HAS BEEN SANCTIONED,

WHOSE LIBERALITY IN OPENING TO THE USE OF BOTANISTS THE EXTENSIVE

HERBARIUM AND LIBRARY HE HAS COLLECTED,

HAS CONTRIBUTED SO ESSENTIALLY TO THE WORKING THEM UP, AND
TO WHOM THE AUTHOR FEELS ESPECIALLY INDEBTED FOR THE
MOST FRIENDLY AND CONSTANT ENCOURAGEMENT AND ASSISTANCE
DURING FORTY YEARS OF HIS BOTANICAL CAREER,

This Work is Dedicated

AS
A TOKEN OF THE SINCEREST ATTACHMENT AND RESPECT.

PREFACE.

— ep

For a general view of the progress of botanical discovery in Australia,
and an enumeration of the Botanists, Navigators, Travellers, Collectors,
or Residents who have supplied the materials for describing its Flora,
or have published more or less of their descriptions, I must for the pre-
sent refer to the valuable Essay on the Flora of Australia, prefixed by
Dr. J. D. Hooker to his ‘ Flora of Tasmania.’ Should life be spared
to me to bring the present work to a conclusion, I purpose, with the
last volume, to give a sketch of the labours of all those who, to my
knowledge, have contributed to the investigation of the vegetation of
Australia. But, in the meantime, I would mention in a few words, the
principal sources from which I am now enabled to draw materials for
the present Flora.

The chief foundation of the work may be said to be the vast herba-
rium of Sir WILLIAM J. Hooker, with a few smaller collections under
his charge at Kew. I need not here repeat the detail of the rich stores
of Australian plants it contains, enumerated in Dr. Hooker’s Essay, but
I cannot forbear thus early expressing my acknowledgment of the libe-
rality of the arrangements sanctioned by Sir William for the admission
of botanists to these collections, for which he has made so many sacri-
fices, and amongst which I have been enabled to work as if they were my
own, with the free use of one of the most extensive practical botanical
libraries. Here also I have had the benefit of continual friendly assist- _
ance from Dr. J. D. Hooker, Assistant Director of the Royal Gardens,
and from Pnorzsson D. Oxiver, Librarian, who have invariably allowed
me to consult them upon all points of difficulty which have arisen ; from
Mr. A. Brack, the intelligent and zealous Curator, whose activity,
combined with a very great knowledge of plants, has brought the herba-
rium into such a state of order that few of the additions which are con-
tinually arriving remain many months without being laid into their

Ch PREFACE.

*

places; and from Mr. W. HzwsrEvr,a young but able assistant, who

has carefully checked my proofs with the herbarium as they have issued |
from the printer's hands. The value of this herbarium for a work like —

the present, is also greatly increased by the notes and determinations it
contains from the hands of various botanists. who have worked in it, and
especially of Dn. PrANcHON, who had examined and corrected the de-
termination of a large portion of the specimens it contained during

several years that he had the charge of it. But the importance of this —
herbarium, will be best appreciated by the consideration that it contains —

specimens of almost every species described in the present work.* The
very few exceptions will be found to be specially noted by a.reference to

the herbarium in which I have seen them, given in a parenthesis after —
the habitat, or by an indication of the sources whence the description

has been derived.

To my friend Mz. J. J. Bennert, the Head of the Botanical Depart- d

ment of the British Museum, I am indebted for the important and
essential aid derived from the inspection of the Australian herbarium
of the late Ropert Brown. This extraordinary collection, the main
foundation of our knowledge of Australian vegetation, would be alone
sufficient to show the powers of observation, the sagacity, the zeal, and
industry of that eminent man, dwelt upon by Dr. Hooker, in the above-
mentioned Essay. He seems during his short visits often almost to have
exhausted the Flora of the points he touched at; his specimens are ga-
thered with great judgment, and there still remain in his herbarium, in
most cases, several of each species in an excellent state of preservation,
and detailed descriptive notes on them all were made at the time. These
specimens, now the property of Mr. Bennett, have been kindly brought
by him successively to the British Museum for my use, where I have
also been allowed to consult Mr. Brown’s notes. Two or three small
parcels have been unfortunately mislaid, but of those I have in some
cases found specimens in a duplicate set laid out for the Banksian her-
barium.

In the Banksian herbarium I have verified several species of which ` l

the types are there deposited, and inspected several of the original spe-

cimens of BANKS and SoLANDER, of which some, gathered above ninety l
years back, have never yet been published. Whilst at the British Mu- —

seum, I should also gladly have availed myself of the valuable Australian
collections there hoarded,—and certainly nothing can exceed the obliging

P All the specimens examined for the present work (often very numerous) are marked

in the Hookerian herbarium in red ink.

PREFACE. 9*

readiness with which Mr. Bennett gives every assistance to those who
come to visit the Botanical Department, and to myself in particular, —
but the system now so long pursued by the managing trustees is one
which interferes much with the use of those collections which, like Her-
baria, are made for the purposes of science, not for the publie gaze. It
would appear as if the whole object were to accumulate stores, without
caring to make them available for use. The rich herbaria collected
at the public expense by the late A. Cunningham in his various expedi-
tions under Captain King and others, by the Officers of the ‘ Beagle’ un-
der Captain Wickham and Captain Stokes, and many others either pre-
sented to the Museum or purchased out of the annual grants, have been
stored away, many of them from a quarter to half a century, unarranged
in their original parcels, without any thought of providing the staff and
funds necessary to render them of use to scientific botanists. No sys-
tem of separating duplicates for making exchanges has, I believe, been
adopted. And for those who wish to work in the Botanical Department,
notwithstanding the readiness of the officers to afford them every assist-
ance, the want of a practical botanical library in the department, the
regulations preventing the use of any apparatus for heating water, and
the defective construction of the room as to light, are serious drawbacks.

With regard to the late A. CuNNINGHAM'S plants, however,—a collec-
tion second only to R. Brown’s in the influence it has had, by its variety
and extent, on our knowledge of Australian Botany,—I have, I believe,
been able to examine the whole of them. Besides the nearly complete
set deposited in the Hookerian herbarium, Mr. R. Hewarp, to whom `
Mr. Cunningham’s private herbarium, containing the set he had reserved
for himself, had been left, on hearing that I was engaged in the prepa-
ration of the present work, most generously presented the whole of his
plants to the Kew herbarium, in order that I might there have the free
use of them.

Another herbarium of which I have always had the free use, is that
of my friend Dr. Linpiey, who, for the last thirty-five years, has ever
been ready to afford me every assistance in my botanical works. I had
already received from him, at the time, nearly complete sets of the
plants of the late Str WILLIAM Mengt a various expeditions; and
I have now examined, in Dr. Lindley’s own herbarium, the very few
types of these or of other Australian plants published by him, which
may have been wanting in the Hookerian herbarium or in my own, now
part of the national collection at Kew.

I have found in the herbarium of the late Sp James E. Sum, now

"ët

10* PREFACE.

sete

the property of the Linnean Society, the types of the Australian species
described by bim, chiefly in Rees’s Cyclopedia.

With the few Australian species described from the herbarium of de
late A. B. Lampert, I have had much difficulty. At his death the pre- -
paration of his collections for sale was so ill-managed, that it is very diffi -
cult to ascertain where any particular portions of it may now be deposited. `
A. few have found their way to the Kew herbaria, many were purchased
for Berlin and St. Petersburg, and other distant Continental towns; |
some were, I believe, bought by the British Museum, and are still lying —
among their unarranged collections ; and some others, but, as I under- 1
derstand, not the Australian portion, are in the Fielding herbarium at 1
Oxford. I have, therefore, in most instances been obliged to rely chiefly —
on circumstantial evidence for the identification of such of these plants
as are only known by the brief diagnoses of G. Don and others.

Of the important and extensive West Australian collections of MR.
James DnuMMOND I have had for examination complete sets of excel- |
lent specimens in the Kew herbaria, and in the majority of instances
have seen them in different sets so as to check the one with the other
I have thus been enabled to identify nearly the whole of the specie
published by TurczanrNow in the ‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale de
_ Naturalistes de Moscou.’ As these collections are very generally distri
buted, I have quoted the numbers attached to the specimens where I coul
do it with any certainty. Unfortunately there is much confusion in som
of these numbers, Mr. Drummond having recommenced a fresh series
with each of the five collections he sent over, besides one or two supple-
mentary sets. The first collection, of which many were published b;
Lindley and others, were not originally numbered, but numbers were
afterwards added in a few additional sets sent home. In the Hookerian
herbarium, owing to the belief at tbe time that these numbers were no
certain enough for quotation, they were often not preserved; in mos
instances where they are kept there is no indication of which series |
they belong to, and in other herbaria I have often found them referre
to a wrong series. These numbers cannot therefore be relied on abso-
lutely for identification without checking them by descriptions.

To Dr. O. W. Sonner, of Hamburg, Dr. Harvey's able collaborator —
in the ‘ Flora Capensis, I have to offer my best thanks for the libe- —
rality with which he transmits to me for examination the whole of hi
Australian herbarium,—an invaluable aid, inasmuch as it comprises
nearly complete series of typical specimens of the PrANTA PrersstaN®
As many portions of that rich collection were confided for publicatio

——— s

i
t

PREFACE, 11*

to such botanists as the late Dr. Steudel, it would have been impos-
sible to identify them without such an inspection of authentic speci-
mens. This herbarium contains also several authentic specimens of
Labillardiére and some other French botanists, and often also several
of the plants sent over by Dr. F. Mueller, of which he himself had kept
fragments only or nothing at all. I find also specimens authentically
named by Steetz, Bartling, Schlechtendal, and other German botanists.

Thanks to the liberality with which the late P. B. WEBB distributed
his duplicates, I have seen in various herbaria the majority of LABIL-
LARDIERE’S plants; but as there were several others, described in the
first volume of De Candolle's * Prodromus and other works, from the
herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes, about whieh I had some doubts, I
paid a visit, in January last, to Paris, where I met, as usual, with every
attention on the part of the gentlemen connected with the establishment.
I there verified these doubtful species up to the end of Rutacee, which
I had then completed, and since then, my friend M. A. BRONGNIART, as
the head of the botanical department of the museum, has most obli-
gingly transmitted to me notes and flowers for examination of a few
species belonging to the subsequent Orders.

With regard to the originals of the species described in Baron
Hvurerr’s ‘Enumeratio Plantarum’ and other works, published at
Vienna, I was enabled to bring over with me specimens of several,
especially of those which I had myself described, and I have identified
many others by means of specimens compared with the Vienna types.
Those published from F. Bavzz's collections occur necessarily also in
E. Brown's herbarium ; and when I have had any doubts as to any of
the remaining ones, they bave been cleared up by full notes communi-
cated to me by my friend Dn. FENzr, Director of the Imperial Garden
and Herbarium.

There remains for me to mention the very essential assistance received
from the distinguished Government Botanist of Victoria, Dr. FERDI-
NAND MUELLER, His extensive journeys and important labours during
the first ten years of his residence in Australia, have been adverted to
by Dr. Hooker in the above-mentioned Essay. Since that time, his
botanical explorations have been chiefly in the Victorian mountains and -
in the neighbourhood of Twofold Bay and Cape Otway, whilst his zeal,
talent, and indefatigable industry have been still more fully exemplified
in the various publications which have issued from the Melbourne press.
Not to mention minor papers or reports on expeditions, we have a first
volume of an elaborate illustrated quarto Flora of Victoria, under the title

12* PREFACE.

of * The Plants indigenous to the Colony of Victoria, and three octavo j |
volumes, all but complete, of * Fragmenta Phytographie Australim,— .
comprising above a thousand detailed descriptions of plants, whose :
general accuracy will bear the test of a very close examination. When -
indeed it was first contemplated.to bring out a general Flora of Australia `
under Government sanction, Dr. Mueller was naturally looked to as the —
botanist the best qualified for undertaking the task of preparing it; -
and in the hope that it would be entrusted to him, he had devoted his i
utmost energies to collecting the necessary materials. But there was `
one indispensable step, the examination of European herbaria where —
the published types were deposited, which he was unable to take; and —
it is a signal proof of the generosity of his disposition and the absence —
of all selfishness, that when it was proposed to him that the preparation —
of the Flora should be confided to me, on account of the facilities which
my position here gave me for the examination of the Australian collec-
tions I have mentioned above, he not only gave up his long-cherished
projects in my favour, but promised to do all in his power to assist me,
a promise whieh he has fulfilled with the most perfect faith. A joint
work was at first thought of, but, independently of the ordinary draw-
backs attending on joint works, the distance which separates us, requiring -
four months to obtain an answer to every trivial doubt or query, put —
this quite out of the question. I alone am therefore responsible for the —
details of this work, for the limitation given to genera and species, for _
their characters and description. But important observations have —
been frequently suggested by the published works of Dr. Mueller,
or by his manuscript notes, which he has freely communicated; and
a still more essential and generous contribution to the work has been
the loan of the very rich herbarium he had amassed for the Australian
Flora, which he remits to me in instalments. One beneficial result to
science of the course he has thus pursued is that there will be for future
reference duplicate authentic specimens here and in Australia of e
great majority of Australian species.

This herbarium comprises chiefly :—

1. The specimens collected by Dr. Mueller himself in the course of
his extensive land-journeys in Australia (upwards of 20,000 miles), 2$
well as during his residence in Victoria. Of one important portion of
these plants, the North Australian collection, the set in the Hookerian
herbarium is better and more complete than his own, Dr. Mueller at
that time did not contemplate the publications he has since undertaken,
and with his usual generosity he wrote to Sir W. J. Hooker, in 1857;

PREFACE, 18^

* You receive always the whole of the specimens of every rare kind,
nothing of many species having been retained at all, or I satisfied
myself with a solitary leaf, or flower, or fruit in many cases ; . . . the plants
being so much more useful at Kew than in Australia. All my wishes are
concentrated upon the point to discharge my duties faithfully and to the
satisfaction of the Government." (Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 195.) Soalso
of several of those which he had in early days collected in the north as
well as in Vietoria and in South Australia, he sent the best specimens
to Dr. Sonder for description and publication in Germany, and unfor-
tunately, a great proportion of the principal botanical treasures of the
northern expedition were destroyed by damp in the ‘ Messenger.’
But of the results of Dr. Mueller's subsequent herborizations his herba-
rium contains good, instructive, and well-preserved specimens.

2. The collections made during various exploring expeditions in the
interior of Australia, and entrusted to Dr. Mueller for determination
or publication. These are necessarily, from the difficulties attending
these expeditions, although highly interesting as to species, often frag-
mentary or unsatisfactory as specimens. Among the most important of
them are those of Mn. BAnBAGE'S expedition to the north-west interior
of S. Australia, of Mr. Avaustus GnEGORY's expedition to Cooper's
Creek, and of Mr. E. Frrzaraw, in Lieut. Smirn’s expedition to the
estuary of the Burdekin, all specially reported on by Dr. Mueller; of
Mr. J. M‘Dovatt Srvanr, who, notwithstanding the obstacles opposed
by the arduous nature of his journey, appears never to have neglected
Natural History ; and the collections made by Mr. Pemberton WAL-
corr and Mr. Martnanp Browy, in Mr. Francis Greeory’s expedi-
tion to the north-west. As I have not been able always to make out
from the labels which of these two gentlemen actually gathered the spe-
cimens, I have generally quoted them as the results of Mr. Gregory’s
expedition. The herbarium also contains some specimens from Mm.
LawpssoRovamH's expeditions, and to this class I should perhaps add a
large number of the late Dr. LEICHHARDT’S plants, entrusted to Dr.
Mueller on loan by the trustees of the Sydney Museum on the proposi-
tion of Str WinuiAM Denison. These were chiefly collected in the
back country from Moreton Bay during two years previous to his cele-
brated expedition, together with a few saved from the general wreck ot
the plants of that expedition. I have also seen a few of Dr. Leich-
hardt’s specimens in the herbarium of the Paris Museum.

3. Collections made by gentlemen more or less employed as collectors
for the botanical department at Melbourne, among whom, those who

J D

14* PREFACE.

have most contributed to the herbarium are :—Dr. H. Bzcxkrzn, who first
collected for himself in the country to the back of Moreton Bay, and
afterwards for Melbourne in the jungle-forest about the Hastings,
Richmond, Macleay, and Clarence rivers, and, still more recently, be-
tween the Darling and the Barrier range, as botanist and surgeon to
Burke’s unfortunate expedition; his specimens are remarkably good
and well selected. Mr. J. Dazracnur, whose principal journey was one
to the Darling desert. Mr. G. MAXWELL, from whom there are nu-
merous species from W. Australia, chiefly from the southern distriets.
Mr. C. SrvanT, who collected in Tasmania, and afterwards more largely
in New England, in the neighbourhood of Tenterfield. A considerable
set of the latter has also been presented to the Kew herbarium by SIR
SrvanT DowanpsoN; Mr. F. WATERHOUSE, who made large collec-
tions for the Government of S. Australia, chiefly in Kangaroo Island ;
and Mm. Aveustus OLDFIELD, an acute observer as well as an intelli-
gent collector, who, besides the Tasmanian contributions mentioned in
Dr. Hooker's Flora, made large additions to the West Australian plants
previously known; in the first instance from the neighbourhood of
Murchison river, and afterwards from the south-western districts.
Mr. Oldfield is now in this country, and has most generously offered the
. use of his own Australian herbarium to the Kew Museum, as a contri-
bution towards the present Flora.

4. Collections presented to Dr. Mueller by friends chiefly resident in
Australia. These, owing to the greater facilities for drying and pre-
serving enjoyed by stationary collectors, are usually the most satisfac-
tory to the working botanists. The first of them in importance are
those of Mr. C. Moors, Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at
Sydney, and of Mr. W. HILL, Superintendent of the Botanie Garden at
Brisbane; the former chiefly from the northern districts of New South
Wales, and the latter from the vicinity of Moreton Bay. Amongst the
numerous amateur contributions, I notice those of Mr. W. ALLITT
from Portland, of Miss Lovisa Arxrnson from the Blue Mountains, of
Dr. H. Benr (now in California) from South Australia, of Mr. E.
Bowman from Queensland, of Mr. J. NznwsT (unfortunately, from a
misreading of the labels, spelt Vernet in the first sheets of this volume)
from Ipswich, of Mr. A. Tozer from Queensland, of Mr. W. VERNON
from Sydney, of the Rev. W. Wuan from Shipton, of Mr, C. Wir-
HELMI from Port Lincoln, of the Rey. S. E. Woops from the Tattiara
country, and of Mr. W. Woouts from Paramatta.

Besides the above-mentioned names and those enumerated in Dr.

PREFACE. 15*

Hooker’s Essay, some others may be found quoted in the present work
in connection with species they have collected. To supply any omis-
sions I may have inadvertently made, and in the hope of doing full jus-
tice to all‘who may have directly or indirectly contributed to the inves-
tigation of the Australian Flora, it is my purpose, with the last volume
to give a general alphabetical list, with a sketch of their labours, of all
those whose collections are deposited in the public or private herbaria
to which I have access.

With regard to the form and language adopted in the present work,
they are those which, after much consideration, were adopted and sane-
tioned by Sir W. J. Hooker for colonial Floras in general, and exempli-
fied in the ‘ Flora Hongkongensis.’ I may therefore here repeat what
I then stated, that it has been my endeavour to follow out the principles
laid down in the “ Outlines of Botany ” prefixed to each of these Floras,
80 as to facilitate as much as possible the finding out the name of any
plant gathered in the territory, by the comparison of specimens with
the descriptions given. For this purpose, although I cannot yet give
an analytical key to the Orders, until at least the Polypetale shall have
been gone through, the genera of each Order, and the species of each
genus, are universally preceded by analytical tables, in which their more
prominent characters are contrasted. These tables may be considered
as another form for the short diagnoses of Linnwus and his immediate
followers, or for the italicized portions of many modern diagnoses, and
can refer only to the differentiation of known species. It is the vain
aitempt to introduce characters which might absolutely distinguish a
species from all others to be hereafter diseovered,—to contrast the
known with the unknown,—that has occasioned those long and tedious
diagnoses, which render many modern descriptive works almost un-
manageable. A long description in the ablative absolute, supposed to
contain the essential characters only, and another in the nominative with
the accessory ones, often fail in their purpose, for some of the most
striking features, such as stature, diinensions, colour, ete., because they
are less absolute than the others, are conventionally considered as acces-
sory; and the descriptions containing them are usually first glanced
over by the botanist seeking to name a plant, before he wades through
the confused mass of ablatives in which he is to find the important
characters.” In my descriptions, therefore, which I have been obliged
to shorten as much as consistent with their practical use, 1 have T
deavoured to select the characters most important to observe for their
identification. Many of these descriptions are, I am aware, as yet very

16* PREFACE.

imperfect, and some may be in some respect erroneous, especially with
regard to stature, colour, and dimensions, owing to the insufficiency of
specimens and the want of reliable memoranda by those who have seen
the plants in a living state. Travellers, therefore, making use of this
work in the country, will have to guard against attaching much im-
portance to discrepancies in characters which dried specimens cannot
show, when the descriptions apply well to the plant they are examining
as to form and structure. With regard to dimensions, especially, it
must be borne in mind that those here given are the average limits be-
tween which the organs vary in their full-grown normal state. Starva-
tion, inordinate luxuriance, the imperfect development of the first- or
last-formed organs of each kind, and other similar circumstances, may
reduce or extend the dimensions beyond the limits assigned, but the
general aspect of the specimens, if tolerably good, will generally indi-
cate whether the organs are or not in any such abnormal conditions.

With regard to the synonymy, I have endeavoured to give a com-
plete reference to all published names of endemic Australian plants, as
well as to all names which have been specially given with reference to
Australian specimens. But in the case of well-known extra-Australian
species extending into our Flora, I have thought it unnecessary to re-
peat the whole of the synonyms, already given in the general works I
have quoted, adding only such new ones as my researches for the iden-
tification of Australian species have enabled me to verify.

In order to facilitate the use of this work as a separate Flora of
each of the colonial territories whose Governments have supported
it by separate grants, I have thought it right to indicate by a pro-
. minent typographical arrangement the particular colonies in which each
species is to be found. For this purpose I have considered Queensland
as extending (as indicated in our most recent maps) to Cape York, and
have designated under the general name of North Australia the whole
of the unsettled territory to the westward within the tropics. Sharks
Bay and its neighbourhood are considered as belonging to West Austra-
lia; and I have taken as the northern limits of South Australia, the 26th
parallel S. latitude, as T find it marked in our maps.

In giving the various stations at which each species has been found,
it has been my plan to enumerate all those I find in R. Brown's her-
barium, all Cunningham's except the Tasmanian ones, and generally all
others that I find authentically recorded on labels accompanying the
specimens, excepting where many collectors have gathered the same
plant at such well-known localities as Port Jackson, King George's

ee i a A Aaa Agen. att e (mm legt ee ee ee a ee ROME PNEU TENENTE T

PREFACE. M*

Sound, ete., in which case I have mentioned only R. Brown, or some
others of those who first collected it, and excepting also Tasmania
and Victoria. For the two latter colonies, I have usually extracted or
abridged the stations (always verified on the specimens) given in the
elaborate Floras of J. D. Hooker and F. Mueller.

Many of the varieties which I have indieated will be considered as
distinct species by a large number of general botanists; on the other
hand, there are many forms which I have adopted as species whieh Dr
Mueller is disposed to reduce. In some cases I have yielded to his

oe Opinion, rather against the conclusion I should have come to from the

examination of dried specimens, because, for Victoria plants especially,
he has the great advantage of observing them living in their native sta-
tions. Having had myself much experience in describing ‘plants both

| with and without this aid, and of testing descriptions made with and

without it, I can fully appreciate the great use that can be made of it,
provided due caution be observed, for it often acts as a snare. It rarely
occurs that many species of a genus are found together so as to admit
of comparison in a growing state, and we are too apt in regard to them
to trust to recollections of general impressions. I do not consider it
safe therefore to unite forms usually regarded as distinct and appearing
so in a large number of specimens from a great variety of stations, on
account of generally observed variations unconfirmed by specimens, nor
even on account of single apparently intermediate specimens, unless the
history of such abnormal specimens is ascertained. Little as we know,
for instance, of the influence of natural hybridizing in Europe, it has
been still* less, if ever, observed in Australia; and many other Causes
may have produced apparent passages between species really distinct.
I have, therefore, wherever there is a difference of opinion between Dr.
Mueller and myself, adopted the conclusion which has appeared to me
the most probable, and mentioned the objection to it for the considera-
tion and, if possible, the decision of future botanists. SS

At the moment of sending these pages to press, several additional
collections have arrived at Kew from Dr. Mueller, from Mr. Oldfield,
and from Mr. B. Lowrie. Were I to delay the publication of this volume
for the purpose of inserting any additions they might supply, it is pro-
bable that others again might come to hand, and to such delays there
Would be no limit. As it is probable, also, that the first use of this
Volume may be the means of detecting many errors or inaccuracies, I
think it better to reserve all “Addenda and Corrigenda" for a Sup-

plement, to be issued with the second volume.
YOL I A

18* : PREFACE,

Wi

I should here have added an introductory sketch of the geography of
Australian vegetation and of the history of its botany; but the need
for it is for the present obviated by the elaborate review contained in
Dr. Hooker’s above-mentioned Essay. It is true that recent discoveries
as well as a more careful examination of the Australian species pre-
viously deposited in our herbaria, may require some corrections in the
statistical details given, or slight modifications, as to the proportions in
which the Australian Flora is connected with those of other countries ;
but the general features of its geographical distribution, so ably sketched
out by Dr. Hooker, are only confirmed as further research renders them
more definite, and the minor corrections may be much more satisfac-
torily given with the close of the work, when the whole Flora shall have
been gone through.

CONTENTS

-———

OUTLINES oF Botany, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO Loca FLORAS .
CHAP. I. DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY . . . . . . .
§ 1. The Plant in General. SUMA ace x
LE LDBBMMOSL. q— — ul x3 - 47 aa a

§ 3. The Stock Wi cx oe v peu M UM CE
ES DEMNM. E Eos 5 x o LR
§ 5. The Leaves . . . E NI A

§ 6. Scales, Bracts, and Btipules .

§ 7. Inflorescence and its Bracts .

§ 8. The Flower in General (Ua RE eee

8 9. The Calyx and Corolla or Perianth EE
510. NEE ee UE
§ 11. The Pistil ET vr
8 12. The Receptacle and Relative Äitsi of the Floral Whorls gare
$1489. Thé Prot < EE

§ 14. 'The Seed D D D . D H H D D D D D * Li E $ H H LEE Es
§ 15. Accessory Organs . . . . s: we FO a aa NET eee ee
Cuar, II. CLASSIFICATION, OR SYSTEMATIO Botas. ERO. V RIPE E

Cnar. III. VEGETABLE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. .
8 1. Structure of the Elementary Tissues
§ 2. Arrangement of the gens Sage or ticular of the Organs of

Fn... xS un . : (x c PS e
§ 3. Growth of the Organs EE
§ 4. Functions of the Organs. . . ee e $i. s

Cuar. IV. COLLECTION, PussEEYATION, | AND Darkane OF e PLANTS S
Tit o» Trimi, ok GLONASS E ae CCS
FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS.

Crass I. DICOTYLEDONS . (ge eau ge Vei e rc qM
Su 1, Poypeelm . © s < -«- « cro hee ee
Order I. Ranuncdlacóm .. . 2... E EE
IL Duleniaoeb 4. — 1 0 0. 9. Vo o. o ee
HII Megnoliace o 0-0. 0.04 09 ee
IV. Apoa — . s. 4 s o Sox o NE SCA Ue S
V. Monispermacee 2. oo oco a"

)2

20*

Order VI.
aad
VIII.

Nympheeacese
Papaveracese
Crucifere — .

. Capparides .
. Violariese .

. Bixineæ

. Pittosporem .
. Tremandree .
. Polygalese

. Frankeniacesze
. Caryophylleæ
. Portulacese

. Elatinege .

. Hypericinee .
. Guttifere .

Malvacee. .

. Sterculiacese .
. Tiliacee .

. Linee. .

. Malpighiacez
. Zygophyllese .
. Geraniacesm .
. Rutaceæ .

. Simarubese

. Burseracee .
. Meliacez .

. Olacinese .

. Ilicineæ

. Celastrinee .
. Stackhousiese
. Rhamnese

CONTENTS.

Page
60

INTRODUCTION,

OUTLINES OF BOTANY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
LOCAL FLORAS.

CHAP. I. DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY.

, 1. The principal object of a Flora of a country, is to afford the means of determin-
tng (i. e. ascertaining the name of) any plant growing in it, whether for the purpose
of ulterior study or of intellectual exercise.

2. With this view, a Flora consists of descriptions of all the wild or native plants
contained in the country in question, so drawn up and arranged that the student may
~~ with the corresponding description any individual specimen which he may
gather.

3. These descriptions should be clear, concise, accurate, and characteristic, so as
that each one should be readily adapted to the plant it relates to, and to no other one;
they should be as nearly as possible arranged under natural (184) divisions, so as to
facilitate the comparison of each plant with those nearest allied to it; and they should
be accompanied by an artificial key or index, by means of which the student may be
guided step by step in the observation of such peculiarities or characters in his plant,
as may lead him, with the least delay, to the individual description belonging to it.

4. For descriptions to be clear and readily intelligible, they should be expressed as
much as possible in ordinary well-established language. But, for the purpose of ac-
curacy, it is necessary not only to give a more precise technical meaning to many
terms used more or less vaguely in common conversation, but also to introduce purely
technical names for such parts of plants or forms as are of little importance except
to the botanist. In the present chapter it is proposed to define such technical or
technically limited terms as are made use of in these Floras.

5. At the same time mathematical accuracy must not be expected. The forms and
appearances assumed by plants and their parts are infinite. Names cannot be invented
for all; those even that have been proposed are too numerous for ordinary memories.
Many are derived from supposed resemblances to well-known forms or objects. These
resemblances are differently appreciated by different persons, and the same term is not
only differently applied by two different botanists, but it frequently happens thatthe
Same writer is led on different occasions to give somewhat different meanings to the
same word, The botanist’s endeavours should always be, on the one hand, to make
as near an approach to precision as circumstances will allow, and on the other hand to :
avoid that prolixity of detail and overloading with technical terms which tends rather
to confusion than clearness. In this he will be more or less successful. The aptness
of a botanical description, like the beauty of a work of imagination, will always vary
with the style and genius of the author. :

li INTRODUCTION.

§ 1, The Plant in General.

. 6. The Plant, in its botanical sense, includes every being which has vegetable life,
from the loftiest tree which adorns our landscapes, to the humblest moss which grows .
on its stem, to the mould or fungus which attacks our provisions, or the green scum
that floats on our ponds. i

7. Every portion of a plant which has a distinct part or function to perform in the
operations or phenomena of vegetable life is called an Organ.

8. What constitutes vegetable life, and what are the functions of each organ, be-
long to Vegetable Physiology; the microscopical structure of the tissues composing
the organs, to Vegetable Anatomy ; the composition of the substances of which they
are formed, to Vegetable Chemistry ; under Descriptive and Systematic Botany we
have chiefly to consider the forms of organs, that is, their Morphology, in the proper
sense of the term, and their general structure so far as it affects classification and
specific resemblances and differences. The terms we shall now define belong chiefly
to the latter branch of Botany, as being that which is essential for the investigation
of the Flora of a country. We shall add, however, a short chapter on Vegetable
Anatomy and Physiology, as a general knowledge of both imparts an additional in-
terest to and facilitates the comparison of the characters and affinities of the plants
examined.

9. In the more perfect plants, their organs are comprised in the general terms
Root, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, and Fruit. Of these the three first, whose func-
tion is to assist in the growth of the plant, are Organs of Vegetation ; the flower and
fruit, whose office is the formation of the seed, are the Organs of Reproduction.

10. All these organs exist, in one shape or another, at some period of the life of
most, if not all, flowering plants, technically called phenogamous or phanerogamous
plants; which all bear some kind of flower and fruit in the botanical sense of the
term. In the lower classes, the ferns, mosses, fungi, moulds or mildews, seaweeds,
etc., called by botanists eryptogamous plants, the flowers, the fruit, and not unfre-
quently one or more of the organs of vegetation, are either wanting, or replaced by
organs so different as to be hardly capable of bearing the same name.

ll. The observations comprised in the following pages refer exclusively to the
flowering or phenogamous plants. The study of the eryptogamous classes has now
become so complicated as to form almost a separate science. They are therefore not
included in these introductory observations, nor, with the exception of ferns, in the
present Flora.

12. Plants are

Monocarpie, if they die after one flowering-season. These include Annuals, which
flower in the same year in which they are raised from seed; and Biennials, which only
flower in the year i that in which they are sown.

: Caulocarpic, if, after flowering, the whole or part of the plant lives through the `
winter and produces fresh flowers another season. These include Herbaceous peren-
nials, in which the greater part of the plant dies after flowering, leaving only a s
perennial portion called the Stock or Caudex, close to or within the earth ; Under-
shrubs, suffruticose or suffrutescent plants, in which the flowering branches, forming & `
considerable portion of the plant, die down after flowering, but leave a more or less
prominent perennial and woody base; Shrubs ( frutescent or fruticose plants), in which
the perennial woody part forms the greater part of the plant, but branches near the
base, and does not much exceed a man’s height; and Trees (arboreous or arborescent
plants) when the height is greater and forms a woody trunk, scarcely branching from
the base. Bushes are low, much branched shrubs.

_ 18. The terms Monocarpie and Caulocarpic are but little used, but the other dis-
tinctions enumerated above are universally attended to, although more useful to the
gardener than to the botanist, who cannot always assign to them any precise character.
-Monocarpic plants, which require more than two or three years to produce their `
flowers, will often, under certain circumstances, become herbaceous perennials, and are `
generally confounded with them. Truly perennial herbs will often commence flower-
ing the first year, and have then all the appearance of annuals. Many tall shrubs `

INTRODUCTION, ili

and trees lose annually their flowering branches like undershrubs. And the same
botanical species may be an annual or a perennial, a herbaceous perennial or an under-
shrub, an undershrub or a shrub, a shrub or a tree, according to climate, treatment,
or variety.

_ M. Plants are usually terrestrial, that is, growing on earth, or aquatic, i.e. growing
in water; but sometimes they may be found attached by their roots to other plants,
in which case they are epiphytes when simply growing upon other plants without
penetrating into their issue, parasites when their roots penetrate into and derive more
or less nutriment from the plant to which they are attached.

15. The simplest form of the perfect plant, the annual, consists of—

(1) The Root, or descending axis, which grows downwards from the stem, divides
and spreads in the earth or water, and absorbs food for the plant through the extre-
mities of its branches.

(2) The Stem, or ascending axis, which grows upwards from the root, branches and
bears first one or more leaves in succession, then one or more flowers, and finally one
or more fruits. It contains the tissues or other channels (217) by which the nutri-
ment absorbed by the roots is conveyed in the form of sap (192) to the leaves or other
points of the surface of the plant, to be elaborated or digested (218), and afterwards
redistributed over different parts of the plant for its support and growth.

(3) The Leaves, usually flat, green, and horizontal, are variously arranged on the
stem and its branches. They elaborate or digest (218) the nutriment brought to them
through the stem, absorb carbonic acid gas from the air, exhaling the superfluous
oxygen, and returning the assimilated sap to the stem.

(4) The Flowers, usually placed at or towards the extremities of the branches,
They are destined to form the future seed. When perfect and complete they consist :
Ist, of a pistil in the centre, consisting of one or more carpels, each containing the
germ of one or more seeds; 2nd, of one or more stamens outside the pistil, whose
action is necessary to fertilize the pistil or enable it to ripen its seed ; 3rd, of a perianth
or floral envelope, which usually encloses the stamens and pistil when young, and
expands and exposes them to view when fully formed. ‘This complete perianth is
double; the outer one, called Calyx, is usually more green and leaf-like ; the inner
one, called the Corolla, more conspicuous, aud variously coloured. It is the perianth,
and especially the corolla, as the most showy part, that is generally called the flower
in popular language. e

(5) The Fruit, consisting of the pistil or its lower portion, which persists or remains
atiached to the plant after the remainder of the flower has withered and fallen off.
It enlarges and alters more or less in shape or consistence, becomes a seed-vessel, en-
closing the seed until it is ripe, when it either opens to discharge the seed or falls to
the ground with the seed. In popular language the term fruit is often limited to such
ae as are or look juicy and eatable. Botanists give that name to all seed-
vessels. n
. 16. The herbaceous perennial resembles the annual during the first year of its
growth; but it also forms (usually towards the close of the season), on its stock (the
portion of the stem and root which does not die), one or more buds, either exposed,
and then popularly called eyes, or concealed among leaves. These buds, called leaf-
buds, to distinguish them from flower-buds or unopened flowers, are future branches
as yet undeveloped; they remain dormant through the winter, and the following
spring grow out into new stems bearing leaves and flowers like those of the preceding
year, whilst the lower part of the stock exits fresh roots to replace those which had
perished at the same time as the stems. e e

17. Shrubs and trees form similar leaf-buds either at the extremity of their branches,
or along the branches of the year. In the latter case these buds are usually axillary,
that is, they appear in the asil of each leaf, i.e. in the angle formed by the leaf and
the branch. When they appear at any other part of the plant they are called adventi-
tious. If these buds by producing roots (19) become distinct plants before separating
from the parent, or if adventitious leaf-buds are produced in the place of flowers or
seeds, the plant is said to be viviparous or proliferous.

iv ` INTRODUCTION.

8 2. The Root.

18. Roots ordinarily produce neither buds, leaves, nor flowers. Their branches,
called fibres when slender and long, proceed irregularly from any part of their surface.
19. Although roots proceed usually from the base of the stem or stock, they may
also be produced from the base of any bud, especially if the bud lie along the ground,
or is otherwise placed by nature or art in circumstances favourable for their deve-
lopment, or indeed occasionally from almost any part of the plant. They are then
often distinguished as adventitious, but this term is by some applied to all roots which
are not in prolongation of the original radicle.
20. Roots are
fibrous, when they consist chiefiy of slender fibres.
tuberous, when either the main root or its branches are thickened into one or
more short fleshy or woody masses caHed tubers (25). ET
taproots, when the main root descends perpendicularly into the earth, emitting
only very small fibrous branches.
21. The stock of a herbaceous perennial, or the lower part of the stem of an annual
. or perennial, or the lowest branches of a plant, are sometimes underground and assume
the appearance of a root. They then take the name of rhizome. The rhizome may
always be distinguished from the true root by the presence or production of one or
more buds, or leaves, or scales. à :

§ 3. The Stock.

. 22. The Stock of a herbaceous perennial, in its most complete state, includes a
small portion of the summits of the previous year’s roots, a3 well as of the base of the
previous year’s stems. Such stocks will increase yearly, so as at length to form dense
tufts. They will often preserve through the winter a few leaves, amongst which are
placed the buds which grow out into stems the following year, whilst the under side of
the stock emits new roots from or amongst the remains of the old ones. These peren-
nial stocks only differ from the permanent base of an undershrub in the shortness of
the perennial part of the stems and in their texture usually less woody.

23. In some perennials, however, the stock consists merely of a branch, which pro-
ceeds in autumn from the base of the stem either aboveground or underground, and
produces one or more buds. This branch, or a portion of it, alone survives the winter.
In the following year its buds produce the new stem and roots, whilst the rest of the
plant, even the branch on which these buds were formed, has died away. These annual
stocks, called sometimes hybernacula, offsets, or stolons, keep up the communication
between the annual stem and root of one year and those of the following year, thus
forming altogether a perennial plant.

_ 24. The stock, whether annual or perennial, is often entirely underground or root-
like. This is the rootstock, to which some botanists limit the meaning of the term
rhizome. When the stock is entirely root-like, it is popularly called the crown of the root.

25. The term tuber is applied to a short, thick, more or less succulent rootstock or
rhizome, as well as to a root of that shape (20), although some botanists propose to re-
strict its meaning to the one or to the other. An Orchis tuber, called by some a knob,
is an annual tuberous rootstock with one bud at the top. A potato is an annual tu-
. berous rootstock with several buds.

26. A bulb is a stock of a shape approaching to globular, usually rather conical
above and flattened underneath, in which Ve bud or buds are concealed, or nearly 80,
under scales. These scales are the more or less thickened bases of the decayed leaves
of the preceding year, or of the undeveloped leaves of the future year, or of both.
Bulbs are annual or perennial, usually underground or close to the ground, but occa-
sionally buds in the axils of the upper leaves become transformed into bulbs, Bulbs
are said to be scaly when their scales are thick and loosely imbricated, tunicated when
the scales are thinner, broader, and closely rolled round each other in concentric layers.

27. A corm is a tuberous rootstock, usually annual, shaped like a bulb, but in which
the bud or buds are not covered by scales, or of which the scales are very thin and
membranous. .

INTRODUCTION. d

§ 4. The Stem.
28. Stems are

erect, when they ascend perpendicularly from the root or stock ; twiggy or virgate,
when at the same time they are slender, stiff, and scarcely branched.

sarmentose, when the branches of a woody stem are long and weak, although
scarcely climbing.

decumbent or ascending, when they spread horizontally, or nearly so, at the base,
and then turn upwards and become erect.

procumbent, when they spread along the ground the whole or the greater portion
of their length ; diffuse, when at the same time very much and rather loosely branched.

prostrate, when they lie still closer to the ground.

, Creeping, when they emit roots at their nodes. This term is also frequently ap-
plied to any rhizomes or roots which spread horizontally.

f — or cespitose, when very short, close, and many together from the same
stock.

. 29. Weak climbing stems are said to twine, when they support themselves by wind-
ing spirally round any object; such stems are also called voluble. When they simply
climb without twining, they support themselves by their leaves, or by special clasping
organs called tendrils (169), or sometimes, like the Ivy, by small root-like excrescences.
30. Suckers are young plants formed at the end of creeping, underground rootstocks.
ns, runners, and stolons, or stoles, are names given to young plants formed at the
end or at the nodes (31) of branches or stocks creeping wholly or partially above-
ground, or sometimes to the creeping stocks themselves.

31. A node is a point of the stem or its branches at which one or more leaves,
branches, or leaf-buds (16) are given off. An internode is the portion of the stem
comprised between two nodes.

32. Branches or leaves are

opposite, when two proceed from the same node on opposite sides of the stem.

whorled or verticillate (in a whorl or verticil), when several proceed from the
same node, arranged regularly round the stem ; geminate, ternate, fascicled, or fascicu-
late, when two, three, or more proceed from the same node on the same side of the
stem. A tuft of fasciculate leaves is usually in fact an axillary leafy branch, so short
that the leaves appear to proceed all from the same point. 3

alternate, when one only proceeds from each node, one on one side and the next
above or below on the opposite side of the stem. : :

decussate, when opposite, but each pair placed at right-angles to the next pair above
or below it ; distichous, when regularly arranged one above another in two opposite
rows, one on each side of the stem ; tristichous, when in three rows, etc. (92).

. scattered, when irregularly arranged round the stem ; frequently, however, bota-
ve Zi the term alternate to all branches or leaves that are neither opposite nor
whorled.

secund, when all start from or are turned to one side of the stem.

33. Branches are dichotomous, when several times forked, the two branches of
each fork being nearly equal ; £richotomous, when there are three nearly equal branches
at each division instead of two; but when the middle branch is evidently the princi-
pal one, the stem is usually said to have two opposite branches ; umbellate, when di-
vided in the same manner into several nearly equal branches proceeding from the same
pomt. If however the central branch is larger than the two or more lateral ones, the
stem is said to have opposite or whorled branches, as the case may be.

34. A culm is a name sometimes given to the stem of Grasses, Sedges, and some
other Monocotyledonous plants.

§ 5. The Leaves,
35. The ordinary or perfect Leaf consists of a flat blade or lamina, usually pe,
and more or less horizontal, attached to the stem by a stalk called a footsta/k or petio/e.
When the form or dimensions of a leaf are spoken of, it is generally the blade that is

meant, without the petiole or stalk. :
36. The end by which a leaf, a part of the flower, a seed, or any other organ, is

vi INTRODUCTION;

attached to the stem or other organ, is called its base, the opposite end is its apex or
summit, excepting sometimes in the case of anther-cells (115).

37. Leaves are i :
sessile, when the blade rests on the stem without the intervention of a petiole.
amplexicaul or stem-clasping, when the sessile base of the blade clasps the stem

horizontally.
perfoliate, when the base of the blade not only clasps the stem, but closes round
it on the opposite side, so that the stem appears to pierce.through the blade.

. decurrent, when the edges of the leaf are continued down the stem so as to form
raised lines or narrow appendages, called wings. :

sheathing, when the base of the blade, or of the more or less expanded petiole,
forms a vertical sheath round the stem for some distance above the node.

38. Leaves and flowers are called radical, when inserted on a rhizome or stock, or
so close to the base of the stem as to appear to proceed from the root, rhizome, or
stock; eauline, when inserted on a distinct stem. Radical leaves are rosulate when
they spread in a circle on the ground.

39. Leaves are :

simple and entire, when the blade consists of a single piece, with the margin no-.
where indented, simple being used in opposition to compound, entire in opposition to
dentate, lobed, or divided,

ciliate, when bordered with thick hairs or fine hair-like teeth.

dentate or toothed, when the margin is only cut a little way in, into what have
been compared to teeth. Such leaves are serrate, when the teeth are regular and
pointed like the teeth of a saw; erenate, when regular and blunt or rounded (com-
pared to the battlements of a tower) ; serrulate and erenulate, when the serratures or _
crenatures are small ; sinuate, when the teeth are broad, not deep, and irregular (com- — |
pared to bays of the coast) ; wavy or undulate, when the edges are not flat, but bent
up and down (compared to the waves of the sea).
-lobed or cleft, when more deeply indented or divided, but so that the incisions do
not reach the midrib or petiole. The portions thus divided take the name of lobes.
When the lobes are narrow and very irregular, the leaves are said to be laciniate. The
spaces between the teeth or lobes are called sinuses.

divided or dissected, when the incisions reach the midrib or petiole, but the parts —
so divided off, called segments, do not separate from the petiole, even when the leaf
falls, without tearing.

compound, when divided to the midrib or petiole, and the parts so divided off,
called leaflets, separate, at least at the fall of the leaf, from the petiole, as the whole -
leaf does from the stem, without tearing. The common stalk upon which the leaflets
are inserted is called the common petiole or the rhachis ; the separate stalk of each leaflet
is a petiolule.

40. Leaves are more or less marked by veins, which, starting from the stalk, diverge
or branch as the blade widens, and spread all over it more or less visibly. The prin-
cipal ones, when prominent, are often called ribs or nerves, the smaller branches only `
then retaining the name of veins, or the latter are termed veinlets. The smaller veins
are often connected together like the meshes of a net, they are then said to anastomose,
and the leaf is said to be reticulate or net-veined. When one principal vein runs direct
from the stalk towards the summit of the leaf, it is called the midrib. When sev
start from the stalk, diverge slightly without branching, and converge again towards `
the summit, they are said to be parallel, although not mathematically so. When 3 or `
5 or more ribs or nerves diverge from the base, the leaf is said to be 3-nerved, b-nerved,
etc., but if the lateral ones diverge from the midrib a little above the base, the leaf is
triplinerved, quintuplinerved, etc. The arrangement of the veins of a leaf is called
their venation. ;
4l. The Leaflets, Segments, Lobes, or Veins of leaves are

pinnate (feathered), when there are several succeeding each other on each side of —
the midrib or petiole, compared to the branches of a feather. A pinnately lobed or `
divided leaf is called /yrate when the terminal lobe or segment is much larger and
broader than the lateral ones, compared, by a stretch of imagination, to a lyre; run-

INTRODUCTION. Vii

cinate, when the lateral lobes are curved backwards towards the base of the leaf ;
pote when the lateral lobes are numerous, narrow, and regular, like the teeth of
2 comb.

palmate or digitate, when several diverge from the same point, compared to the
fingers of the hand. 5

ternate, when three only start from the same point, in which case the distinction
between the palmate and pinnate arrangement often ceases, or can only be determined
by analogy with allied plants. A leaf with ternate lobes is called trifid. A leaf with
three leaflets is sometimes improperly called a ternate leaf : it is the leaflets that are
ternate ; the whole leaf is £rifoliolate. Ternate leaves are leaves growing three together,

pedate, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are
forked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the branches are
near together at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird.

42. Leaves with pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaflets, are usually for shortness called
pinnate, palmate, pedate, ete., leaves. If they are so cut into segments only, they are
usually said to be pinnatisect, palinatisect, pedatisect, etc., although the distinction be-
tween segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot indeed always
be ascertained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said to be pinnatifid,
palmatifid, pedatifid, ete. a

43. The teeth, lobes, segments, or leaflets, may be again toothed, lobed, divided, or
compounded. Some leaves are even three or more times divided or compounded. In
the latter case they are termed decompound. When twice or thrice pinnate (4¢pinnate
or tripinnate), each primary or secondary division, with the leaflets it comprises, is

a pinna. When the pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are in pairs, with-
out an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be abruptly
pinnate ; if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is unequally
pinnate (imparipinnatum). e :

44. The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the following
numerals, derived from the Latin :— i :
Ta dr ZC: EE ones pics — Se — ce part
prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. Thus—

Es unidentate, bidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many-toothed,

ete.

bifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, ete.
= wnifoliolate, bifoliolate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many
eatiets, ete. i

unifoliate, bifoliate, multifoliate, mean having one leaf, two leaves, many lea

ete.
biternate and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. :
unijugate, bijugate, multijugate, etc., pinne or leaflets, mean that they are in one,
two, many, etc., pairs (juga). :
45. Leaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in plants, are

linear, when long and narrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely

compared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always a perceptible eener)
_. lanceolate, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest below the

middle, and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head of a lance.

cuneate, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, Mete
to a wedge with the point downwards ; when very broadly cuneate and rounded at the
top, it is often called flabelliform or fan-shaped. — - mé

2 gegen when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow tapering

part long, compared to a spatula or flat ladle. `

ovate, when scarcely dri as long as broad, and rather broader er att
coo to the longitudinal section of an egg ; obovate is the same form, wit.

roadest part above the middle.

eridar, oval, oblong, elliptical, rhomboidal, etc., when compared to the corre-
ponding mathematical figures. ae

transversely oblong, or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long.

Vill INTRODUCTION.

falcate, when curved like the blade of a scythe. Se
46. Intermediate forms between any two of the above are expressed by combining
two terms. Thus, a linear-lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, yet broader below the
middle, and tapering to a point; a linear-oblong one is scarcely narrow enough to be
called linear, yet too narrow to be strictly oblong, and does not conspicuously taper
either towards the summit or towards the base.
47. The apex or summit of a leaf is
acute or pointed, when it forms an acute angle or tapers to a point.
obtuse or blunt, when it forms a very obtuse arigle, or more generally when it is
more or less rounded at the top.
acuminate or cuspidate, when suddenly narrowed at the top, and then more or less
prolonged into an acumen or point, which may be acute or obtuse, linear or tapering.
Some botanists make a slight difference between the acuminate and euspidate apex, the
acumen being more distinct from the rest of the leaf in the latter case than in the
former; but in general the two terms are used in the same sense, some preferring the
orfé and some the other.
truncate, when the end is cut off square.
retuse, when very obtuse or truncate, and slightly indented.
emarginate or notched, when more decidedly indented at the end of the midrib ;
obcordate, if at the same time approaching the shape of a heart with its point down-
wards. 1
mucronate, when the midrib is produced beyond the apex in the form of a small `
int. :
we aristate, when the point is fine like a hair.
48. The base of the leaf is liable to the same variations of form as the apex, but the
terms more commonly used are tapering or narrowed for acute and acuminate, rounded
for obtuse, and cordate for emarginate. In all cases the petiole or point of attachment
prevent any such absolute termination at the base as at the apex.

49. A leaf may be cordate at the base whatever be its length or breadth, or what-
ever the shape of the two lateral lobes, called auricles (or little ears), formed by the
indenture or notch, but the term cordiform or heart-shaped leaf is restricted to an
ovate and acute leaf, cordate at the base, with rounded auricles. The word auricles is
more particularly used as applied to sessile and stem-clasping leaves.

50. If the auricles are pointed, the leaf is more particularly called awriculate ; it is
moreover said to be sagittate, when the points are directed downwards, compared to an
arrow-head ; hastate, when the points diverge horizontally, compared to a halbert.

51. A reniform leaf is broader than long, slightly but broadly cordate at the base,
with rounded auricles, compared to a kidney.

52. In a peltate leaf, the stalk, instead of proceeding from the lower edge of the

blade, is attached to the under surface, usually near the lower edge, but sometimes in
the very centre of the blade. The peltate leaf has usually several principal nerves
E from the point of attachment, being, in fact, a cordate leaf, with the auricles
united.
_ 83. All these modifications of division and form in the leaf pass so gradually one
into the other that it is often difficult to say which term is the most applicable—
whether the leaf be toothed or lobed, divided or compound, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse
or acute, ete. The choice of the most apt expression will depend on the skill of the
describer.

54. Leaves, when solid, Stems, Fruits, Tubers slants
when not flattened like esce leaves, are RERE seins: E

setaceous or capillary, when very slender like bristles or hairs.

acicular, when very slender, but stiff and pointed like needles.

subulate, when rather thicker and firmer like awls.

linear, when at least four times as long as thick ; oblong, when from about two to
about four times as long as thick, the terms having the same sense as when applied to
flat surfaces.
_ oid, when egg-shaped, with the broad end downwards, obovoid if the broad end
is upwards; these terms corresponding to ovate and obovate shapes in flat surfaces.

INTRODUCTION, . ix

globular or spherical, when corresponding to orbicular in a flat surface. Round

applies to both.
turbinate, when shaped like a top.

conical, when tapering upwards : obconical, when tapering downwards, if in both
cases a transverse section shows a circle.

pyramidal, when tapering upwards; obpyramidal, when tapering downwards, if
in both cases a transverse section shows a triangle or polygon.

Jusiform, or spindle-shaped, when tapering at both ends; cylindrical, when not
tapering at either end, if in both cases the transverse section shows a circle, or some-
times irrespective of the transverse shape.

terete, when the transverse section is not angular; trigonous, triquetrous, if the
transverse section shows a triangle, irrespective in both cases of longitudinal form.

compressed, when more or less flattened laterally ; depressed, when more or less
flattened vertically, or at any rate at the top ; obcompressed (in the achenes of Compo-
site), when flattened from front to back. e

articulate op jointed, if at any period of their growth (usually when fully formed
and approaching their decay, or in the case of fruits when quite ripe) they separate,
without tearing, into two or more pieces placed end to end. The joints where they
separate are called articulations, each separate piece an article. The name of joint
is, in common language, given both to the articulation and the article, but more espe-
cially to the former. Some modern botanists, however, propose to restrict it to the
article, giving the name of joining to the articulation.

didymous, when slightly two-lobed, with rounded obtuse lobes.

moniliform, or beaded, when much contracted at regular intervals, but not sepa-
rating spontaneously into articles.

55. In their consistence Leaves or other organs are :
. Jleshy, when thick and soft; succulent is generally used in the same sense, but
implies the presence of more juice. ;

coriaceous, when firm and stiff, or very tough, of the consistence of leather.

erustaceous, when firm and brittle.

membranous, when thin and not stiff.

Sscarious or scariose, when very thin, more or less transparent and not green, yet
rather stiff. d

56. The terms applied botanically to the consistence of solids are those in general
use In common language. `
57. The mode a eet unexpanded leaves are disposed in the leaf-bud is called
their vernation or prefoliation ; it varies considerably, and technical terms have been
proposed to express some of its varieties, but it has been hitherto rarely noticed in
descriptive botany.
§ 6. Scales, Bracts, and Stipules.

58. Scales (Sguamea) are leaves very much reduced in size, usually sessile, seldom
green or sem apr sos aries the apr functions of leaves. In other words,
they are organs resembling leaves in their position on the plant, but differing in size,
colour, texture, and functions. They are most frequent on the stock of perennial
plants, or at the base of annual branches, especially on the buds of future shoots, when
they serve apparently to protect the dormant living germ from the rigour of winter.
In the latter case they are usually short, broad, close together, and more or less imbri-
cated, that is, overlapping each other like the tiles of a roof. It is this sp
as well as their usual shape that has suggested the name of scales, borrowed from
eg of a fish. Imbricated scales, bracts, or erg are said to be squarrose, W.

eir tips are pointed and very spreading or recurved.

59. Leg however, ër or all ihe leaves of the plant are reduced to yw
scales, in which case they do not appear to perform any particular e e
a scales is also given to any small ee oe appendages or reduced organs,
whether in the flower or any other of the plant. e pus
_, 90. Braets (Bractec) aA the Ze leaves of a plant in flower (either all those of
the flowering branches, or only one or two immediately under the flower), when differ-

x INTRODUCTION,

ent from the stem-leaves in size, shape, colour, or arrangemeut. They are generally
. much smaller and more sessile. They often partake of the colour of the flower,
although they very frequently also retain the green colour of the leaves. When small
they are often called scales.

61. Floral leaves or leafy bracts are generally the lower bracts on the upper leaves
at the base of the flowering branches, intermediate in size, shape, or arrangement,
between the stem-leaves and the upper bracts. :

62. Bracteoles are the one or two last bracts under each flower, when they differ
materially in size, shape, or arrangement from the other bracts.

63. Stipules are leaf-like or scale-like appendages at the base of the leaf-stalk, or
on the node of the stem. When present there are generally two, one on each side o
the leaf, and they sometimes appear to protect the young leaf before it is developed.
They are however exceedingly variable in size and appearance, sometimes exactly like
the true leaves except that they have no buds in their axils, or looking hike the leaflets
of a compound leaf, sorhetimes apparently the only leaves of the plant; generally
small and narrow, sometimes reduced to minute scales, spots or scars, sometimes
united into one opposite the leaf, or more or less united with, or adnate to the petiole,
or quite detached from the leaf, and forming a ring or sheath round the stem in the
axil of the leaf. In a great number of plants they are entirely E

64. Stipelle, or secondary stipules, are similar organs, sometimes found on com-
pound leaves at the points where the leaflets are inserted.

65. When scales, bracts, or stipules, or almost any part of the plant besides leaves
and flowers are stalked, they are said to be stipitate, from stipes, a stalk.

§ 7. Inflorescence and its Bracts.

66. The Inflorescence of a plant is the arrangement of the flowering branches,
and of the flowers upon them. An Inflorescence is a flowering branch, or the
T summit of a plant above the last stem-leaves, with its branches, bracts, and

wers. ;

67. A single flower, or an inflorescence, is terminal when at the summit of a stem |
or leafy branch, axillary when in the axil of a stem-leaf, leaf-opposed when opposite
to a stem-leaf. The inflorescence of a plant is said to be terminal or determinate when
the main stem and principal branches end in a flower or inflorescence (not in a leaf-
bud), axillary or indeterminate when all the flowers or inflorescences are axillary, the
stem or branches ending in leaf-buds.

68. A Pedunele is the stalk of a solitary flower, or of an inflorescence ; that is to say,
the portion of the flowering branch from the last stem-leaf to the flower, or to the first
ramification of the inflorescence, or even up to its last ramifications; but the portion
extending from the first to the last ramifications or the axis of inflorescence is often
distinguished under the name of rhachis.

69. A Scape or radical Pedunele is a leafless peduncle proceeding from the stock, or
from near the base of the stem, or apparently from the root itself.

70. A Pedicel is the last branch of an inflorescence, supporting a single flower.

71. The branches of inflorescences may be, like those of stems, opposite, alternate,

ete. (32, 33), but very often their arrangement is different from that of the leafy
branches of the same plant.

72. Inflorescence is

centrifugal, when the terminal flower opens first, and those on the lateral branches
are successively developed.

centripetal, when the lowest flowers open first, and the main stem continues to
elongate, developing fresh flowers.

73. Determinate inflorescence is usually centrifugal. Indeterminate inflorescence is
always centripetal. Both inflorescences may be combined on one plant, for it often
happens that the main branches of an inflorescence are centripetal, whilst the flowers
on the lateral branches are centrifugal; or vice versá,

74. Àn Inflorescence is

Eae or spicate, when the flowers are sessile along a simple undivided axis oF

INTRODUCTION. : xi

a Raceme, or racemose, when the flowers are borne on pedicels along a single un-
divided axis or rhachis. :

a Panicle, or paniculate, when the axis is divided into branches bearing two or
more flowers. :

a Head, or capitate, when several sessile or nearly sessile. flowers are collected
into a compact head-like cluster. The short, flat, convex or coniéal axis on which the
flowers are seated, is called the receptacle, a term also used for the torus of a single
flower (135). The very compact flower-heads of Composite are often termed compound
flowers,

an Umbel, or umbellate, when several branches or pedicels appear to start from
the same point and are nearly of the same length. It differs from the head, like the
raceme from the spike, in that the flowers are not sessile. An umbel is said to be
simple, when each of its branches or rays bears a single flower; compound, when each
ray bears a partial umbel or wnbellule. e :

a Dor gikd or corymbose, when the branches and pedicels, although starting —
different points, all attain the same level, the e ones being much longer than the
upper. It is a flat-topped or fastigiate panicle. $ ; : É

Ts Cyme, or mt Leere pe cr pee centrifugal. It is a centrifugal panicle,
and is often corymbose. The central flower opens first. The lateral branches ogee
sively developed are usually forked or opposite (dichotomous or trichotomous), bu
sometimes after the first forking the branches are no longer divided, but prodas `
succession of pedicels on their upper side forming apparently unilateral mm e
racemes ; whereas if attentively examined, it will be found that each een is at ec?
terminal, but becomes lateral by the development of one outer branch on p Pd : x
ately under the pedicel. Such branches, when in bud, are generally rolled back a
top, like the tail of a scorpion, and are thence called scorpioid. re x

a Thyrsus, or thyrsoid, when cymes, usually opposite, are arranged in a narrow

midal panicle. : :

S. There are numerous cases where inflorescences are intermediate between some
two of the above, and are called by different botanists by one or the — —
according as they are guided by apparent or by theoretical similarity. Ee ee
panicle, where the axis is divided into very short branches oo oy T em
compact inflorescence, is called sometimes a spike, sometimes a nnda zibed inse
flowers are in distinct clusters along a simple axis, the inflorescence is 1 eres eege
interrupted spike or raceme, according as the flowers are ess Pens sé "Eres e mA
pedicellate ; although when closely examined the flowers = unc toting
not on the main axis, but on a very short branch, thus, strictly speaking, consti

a panicle. e :

Ka The catkins (amenta) of one nen gs AE of several Monocotyledons,
the ears il ses are forms of the :

71 x "ere Segen singly under each branch of the ——
under each pedicel ; bracteoles are usually two, one on = ee) sidere: ees
close under the flower, or even upon the calyx itself; but m “ni thy diis
Scattered along the branches without axillary pedicels ; e- w m erter
between the bracts and bracteoles are trifling or immaterial, they are y

raets, j : b
78. When three bracts appear to proceed from the same point, they ae
nation, be found to be really either one braet and two stipules, pem ia Goih ir
bracteoles in its axil, When two bracts appear to proceed from t epa ub Dann
will usually be found to be the stipules of an undeveloped brac | deae inr
of the inflorescence are opposite, when the bracts will of aa emeng E

79. When several bracts are collected in a whorl, or are so close ibl, they are na cad
Whorled, or are closely imbricated round the base of a head or basrochee ` sista thes
tively called an Zuvolucre. The bracts composing an inyoluere are EN Piylierios
names of leaves, leaflets, bracts, or scales, according to their Es involuere of Com-
is a useless term, lately poner: for 2 —€— oa —

ile. el is the involuere of a parti VE
"Se Wien Md foy small bracts are placed round the base of a calyx or of an

‘

xii à INTRODUCTION.

involucre, they have been termed a calycule, and the calyx or involucre said to be caly-
culate, but these terms are now falling into disuse, as conveying a false impression.

81. A Spatha is a bract or floral leaf enclosing the inflorescence of some Monocoty-
ledons. :

82. Palee, Pales, or Chaff, are the inner bracts or scales in Composite, Gramineae,
and some other plants, when of a thin yet stiff consistence, usually narrow and of a
pale colour. :

83. Glumes are the bracts enclosing the flowers of Cyperacee and Graminee.

§ 8. The Flower in General.

84. A complete Flower (15) is one in which the calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistils
are all present; a perfect flower, one in which all these organs, or such of them as are
present, are capable of performing their several functions. Therefore, properly speak-
ing, an incomplete flower is one in which any one or more of these organs is wanting ;
and an imperfect flower, one in which any one or more of these organs is so altered as
to be incapable of properly performing its functions. These imperfect organs are said
to be abortive if much reduced in size or efficiency, rudimentary it so much so as to
be scarcely perceptible. But, in many works, the term incomplete is specially applied
to those flowers in which the perianth is simple or wanting, and imperfect to those im
which either the stamens or pistil are imperfect or wanting. ;

85. A Flower is :

dichlamydeous, when the perianth is double, both calyx and corolla being present
and distinct.
monochlamydeous, when the perianth is single, whether by the union of the calyx `
and corolla, or the deficiency of either.
asepalous, when there is no calyx.
apetalous, when there is no corolla.
naked, when there is no perianth at all.
hermaphrodite or bisexual, when both stamens and pistil are present and perfect.
male or staminate, when there are one or more stamens, but either no pistil at all
or an imperfect one.
JSemale or pistillate, when there is a pistil, but either no stamens at all, or only
imperfect ones.
neuter, when both stamens and pistil are imperfect or wanting.
barren or sterile, when from any cause it produces no seed.
fertile, when it does produce seed. In some works the terms barren, fertile, and
perfect are also used respectively as synonyms of male, female, and hermaphrodite.

86. The flowers of a plant or species are said collectively to be wnisexual or diclinous
when the flowers are all either male or female.

moncecious, when the male and female flowers are distinct, but on the same plant.

diccious, when the male and female flowers are on distinct plants.

polygamous, when there are male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the same
or on distinct plants.

87. A head of flowers is heterogamous when male, female, hermaphrodite, and neuter
flowers, or any two or three of them, are included in one head ; homogamous, when all
the flowers included in one head are alike in this respect. A spike or head of flowers
is androgynous when male and female flowers are mixed in it. ‘These terms are only
used in the case of very few Natural Orders.

88. As the scales of buds are leayes undeveloped or reduced in size and altered in
shape and consistence, and bracts are leaves likewise reduced in size, and occasionally
altered in colour ; so the parts of the flower are considered as leaves still further altered
in shape, eolour, and arrangement round the axis, and often more or less combined with
each other. The details of this theory constitute the comparatively modern branch of

botany called Vegetable Metamorphosis, or Homology, sometimes improperly te
Morphology (8).

. 89. To understand the arrangement of the floral parts, let us take a complete flower,
in which moreover all the parts are free from each other, definite in number, i. e. always

the same in the same species, and symmetrical or isomerous, i. e. when each whorl con-
sists of the same number of parts.

INTRODUCTION. xiii

90. Such a complete symmetrical flower consists usually of either four or five whorls
of altered leaves (88), placed immediately one within the other.

The Calyx forms the outer whorl. Its parts are called sepals.

The Corolla forms the next whorl. Its parts, called petals, usually alternate with
the sepals; that is to say, the centre of each petal is immediately over or within the
Interval between two sepals.

The Stamens form one or two whorls within the petals. If two, those of the outer
whorl (the outer stamens) alternate with the petals, and are consequently opposite to,
or over the centre of the sepals; those of the inner whorl (the inner stamens) alternate
with the outer ones, and are therefore opposite to the petals. If there is only one
whorl of stamens, they most frequently alternate with the petals; but sometimes they
are opposite the petals and alternate with the sepals. €

The Pistil forms the inner whorl; its carpels usually alternate with the inner row
of stamens.

91. In an axillary or lateral flower the upper parts of each whorl (sepals, petals,
stamens, or carpels) are those which are next to the main axis of the stems or branch,
the Zower parts those which are furthest from it; the intermediate ones are said to be
lateral. The words anterior (front) and posterior (back) are often used for lower and
upper respectively, but their meaning is sometimes reversed if the writer supposes
himself in the centre of the flower instead of outside of it. d

92, The number of parts in each whorl of a flower is expressed adjectively by the
following numerals derived from the Greek :—

mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta, octo-, ennea-, deca-, etc., poly-
1-, Dy 85 2 "3 3 T 8-, 9., 10-, many-
prefixed to a termination indicating the whorl referred to.

93. Thus, a Flower is à

disepalous, trisepalous, tetrasepalous, polysepalous, etc., according as there are
2, 3, 4, or many (or an indefinite number of) sepals.

Daten? tripetalous, polypetalous, ete., according as there are 2, 3, or many

petals,
: diandrous, triandrous, polyandrous, etc., according as there are 2, 3, or many
stamens. à
digynous, trigynous, polygynous, ete., according as there are 2, 3, or many carpels.
And generally (if symmetrical), dimerous, trimerous, polymerous, etc., according
as there are 2, 3, or many (or an indefinite number of) parts to each whorl.

94. Flowers are unsymmetrical or anisomerous, strictly speaking, when any one of
the whorls has a different number of parts from any other; but when the pistils alone
are reduced in number, the flower is still frequently called symmetrical or isomerous,
if the calyx, corolla, and staminal whorls have all the same number of parts. :

_ 95. Flowers are irregular when the parts of any one of the whorls are unequal in
Size, dissimilar in shape, or do not spread regularly round the axis at equal distances.
It is however more especially irregularity of the corolla that is referred to in descrip-
tions. A slight inequality in size or direction in the other whorls does not prevent the
flower being classed as regular, if the corolla or perianth is conspicuous and regular.

§ 9. The Calyx and Corolla, or Perianth.

96. The Cal 90) is usually ereen, and smaller than the corolla; sometimes very
minute, Serde ch wanting. en Zeie very indistinctly whorled, or not whorled
at all, or in two whorls, or composed of a large number of sepals, of which the outer
Ones pass gradually into bracts, and the inner ones into petals. — 5s

97. The Corolla (90) is usually coloured, and of a more delicate texture than vd
calyx, and, in popular language, is often more specially meant by the flower. Its peal
are more rarely in two whorls, or indefinite in number, and the whorl pri um y

roken than in the case of the calyx, at least when the plant is in a natu E 5 E e.
Double flowers are in most cases an accidental deformity or monster in which the o x
nary number of petals is multiplied by the conversion of stamens, sepals, ci even carpels
Into petals, by the division of ordinary petals, or "reed by the addition ` y soe
Tàry ones, Petals are also sometimes very small, rudimentary, or entirely ev cient.

VOL. I.

xiv INTRODUCTION.

98. In very many cases, a so-called simple perianth (15) (of which the parts are
usually called eaves or segments) is one in which the sepals and petals are similar in form
and texture, and present apparently a single whorl. But if examined in the young bud,
one half of the parts will generally be found to be placed outside the other half, and
there will frequently be some slight difference in texture, size, and colour, indicating to
the close observer the presence of both calyx and corolla. Hence much discrepancy in
descriptive works. Where one botanist describes a simple perianth of six segments,
another will speak of a double perianth of three sepals and three petals.

99. The following terms and prefixes, expressive of the modifications of form and
arrangement of the corolla and its petals, are equally applicable to the calyx and its
sepals, and to the simple perianth and its segments. :

100. The Corolla is said to be monopetalous when the petals are united, either en-
tirely or at the base only, into a cup, tube, or ring; polypetalous when they are all
free from the base. These expressions, established by a long usage, are not strictly
correct, for monopetalous (consisting of a single petal) should apply rather to a corolla .
really reduced to a single petal, which would then be on one side of the axis; and
polypetalous is sometimes used more appropriately for a corolla with an indefinite —
number of petals. Some modern botanists have therefore proposed the term gamo- —
petalous for the corolla with united petals, and dialypetalous for that with free petals ;
but the old-established expressions are still the most generally used. E

101. When the petals are partially united, the lower entire portion of the corolla is _
called the £ube, whatever be its shape, and the free portions of the petals are called the —
teeth, lobes, or segments (39), according as they are short or long in proportion to the `
whole length of the corolla. When the tube is excessively short, the petals appear at |
first sight free, but their slight union at the base must be carefully attended to, being _
of importance in classification. E

102. The ZEstivation of-a corolla, is the arrangement of the petals, or of such —
portion of them as is free, in the unexpanded bud. It is 21

valvate, when they are strictly whorled ‘in their whole length, their edges being _
placed against each other without overlapping. If the edges are much inflexed, the _
sestivation is at the same time induplicate ; involute, if the margins are rolled inward ;
reduplicate, if the margins project outwards into salient angles; revolute, if the |
margins are rolled outwards ; plicate, if the petals are folded in longitudinal plaits.
imbricate, when the whorl is more or less broken by some of the petals being out-
side the others, or by their overlapping each other at least at the top. Five-petaled —
imbricate corollas are quincuncially imbricate when one petal is outside, and an adjoin- —
ing one wholly inside, the three others intermediate and overlapping on one side; |
bilabiate, when two adjoining ones are inside or outside the three others. Imbricate :
petals are described as erwmpled (corrugate) when puckered irregularly in the bud. |
__ twisted, contorted, or convolute, when each petal overlaps an adjoining one on onè |
side, and is overlapped by the other adjoining one on the other side. Some botanists -
include the twisted wstivation in the general term imbricate; others carefully distin- `
guish the one from the other. YO

103. In a few cases the overlapping is so slight that the three sstivations cannot |
easily be distinguished one from the other; in a few others the mstivation is variable,
even in the same species, but, in general, it supplies a constant character in species, m -
genera, or even in Natural Orders. :

104. In general shape the Corolla is d
, tubular, when the whole or the greater part of it is in the form of a tube or `
cylinder. 2

campanulate, when approaching in some measure the shape of a cup or bell.

. urceolate, when the tube is swollen or nearly globular, contracted at the top,
slightly expanded again in a narrow rim. f
rotate or stellate, when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from the |

` base, or nearly so, like a wheel or star. i
hypocrateriform or salver-shaped, when the lower part is cylindrical and the upp% —
portion expanded horizontally. In this case the name of tube is restricted to thé a
oplindrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the limb, whether it be divided H |
base or not. The orifice of the tube is called its mouth or throat. i

INTRODUCTION. xv

infundibuliform or funnel-shaped, when the tube is cylindrical at the base, but en-
larged at the top into a more or less campanulate limb, of which the lobes often spread
horizontally. In this case the campanulate part, up to the commencement of the
lobes, is sometimes considered as a portion of the tube, sometimes as a portion of the
limb, and by some botanists again described as independent of either, under the name
of throat (fauces). Generally speaking, however, in campanulate, infundibuliform, or-
other corollas, where the lower entire part passes gradually into the upper divided and
more spreading part, the distinction between the ¿ude and the limb is drawn either at
the point where the lobes separate, or at the part where the corolla first expands, ac-
cording to which is the most marked.

105. Irregular corollas have received various names according to the more familiar
forms they have been compared to. Some of the most important are the

bilabiate or two-lipped corolla, when, iu a four- or five-lobed corolla, the two or
three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper dip, from the two or three lower
ones or under lip. In Orchidee and some other families the name of lip, or /abel/um,
1s given to one of the divisions or lobes of the perianth. s
personate, when two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection from
the base of the upper or lower lip, called a palate. `
. -ringent, when very strongly two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube very open. `
. Spurred, when the tube or the lower part of the petal has a conical hollow projec-
tion, compared to the spur of a cock; saccate, when the spur is short and round like a `
little bag ; gibbous, when projecting at any part into a slight swelling ; foveolate, when
marked in any part with a slight glandular or thickened cavity. e
resupinate or reversed, when a lip, spur, etc., which in allied species is usually
lowest, lies uppermost, and vice verså.

106. The above terms are mostly applied to the forms of monopetalous corollas, but
several are also applicable to those of polypetalous ones. Terms descriptive of the
special forms of corolla in certain Natural Orders, will be explained under those
Orders respectively.

107. Most of the terms used for describing the forms of leaves (39, 45) are also ap-
plicable to those of individual petals; but the flat expanded portion of a petal, cor-
responding to the blade of the leaf, is called its Zamina, and the stalk, corresponding

to the petiole, its claw (unguis). The stalked petal is said to be unguiculate.

§ 10. The Stamens,

. 108. Although in a few cases the outer stamens may gradually pass into petals, yet,
in general, Stamens are very different in shape and aspect from leaves, sepals, or |
petals. It is only in a theoretical point of view (not the less important in the study
of the Physiological economy of the plant) that they can be called altered leaves.

_109. This usual form is à stalk, called the filament, bearing at the top an anther
divided into two pouches or cells. These anther-cells are filled with pollen, consisting
of minute grains, usually forming a yellow dust, which, when the flower expands, is
scattered from an opening in each cell. When the two cells are not closely contiguous,

portion of the anther that unites them is called the connectivum. ` à
110. The filament is often wanting, and the anther sessile, yet still the stamen 1s
perfect; but if the anther, which is the essential part of the stamen, 1s wanting, or
es not contain pollen, the stamen is imperfect, and is then said to be barren or sterile
(without pollen), abortive, or rudimentary (84), according to the degree to which the
imperfection is carried, Imperfect stamens are often called staminodia. :
- In unsymmetrical flowers, the stamens of each whorl are sometimes reduced in
number m that of the petals, even to a single one, and in several Natural Orders
are multiplied indefinitely. :
112. The pe sicko and polyandrous are restricted to flowers ` — ma
ec) but one stamen, or an indefinite number respectively. Where several stamens
n into one, the flower is said to be synandrous.
s ens are ` :
monadelphous, when united by their filaments into one cluster. This — either

xvi INTRODUCTION.

forms a tube round the pistil, or, if the pistil is wanting, occupies the centre of the
flower.
diadelphous, when so united into two clusters. The term is more especially ap
plied to certain Legwminose, in which nine stamens are united in a tube slit open on `
the upper side, and a tenth, placed in the slit, is free. In some other plants the sta-
mens are equally distributed in the two clusters.
triadelphous, pentadelphous, polyadelphous, when so united into three, five, or
many clusters.
syngenesious, when united by their anthers in a ring round the pistil, the filaments
usually remaining free. e
didynamous, when (usually in a bilabiate flower) there are four stamens in two `
pairs, those of one pair longer than those of the other.
tetradynamous, when (in Crucifere) there are six, four of them longer than the `
two others. i
exserted, when longer than the corolla, or even when longer than its tube, if the
limb be very spreading. |
|. 114. An Anther (109) is í ; 3
adnate, when continuous with the filament, the anther-cells appearing to lie their `
whole length along the upper part of the filament. m
innate, when firmly attached by their base to the filament. This is like an adnate `
anther, but rather more distinct from the filament. l
versatile, when attached by their back to the very point of the filament, so as to
swing loosely. 3

115. Anther-cells may be parallel or diverging at a less or greater angle; or diva- `
ricate, when placed end to end so as to form one straight line. The end of each an-
ther-cell placed nearest to the other cell is generally called its apex or summit, and `
the other end its base (36); but some botanists reverse the sense of these terms.

116. Anthers have often, on their connectivum or cells, appendages termed bristles `
(setze), spurs, crests, points, glands, etc., according to their appearance.

117. Anthers have occasionally only one cell: this may take place either by the dis- _
appearance of the partition between two closely contiguous cells, when these cells are
said to be confluent ; or by the abortion or total deficiency of one of the cells, when -
the anther is said to be dimidiate.

118. Anthers will open or dehisce to let out the pollen, like capsules, in valves, pores
or slits. Their dehiscence is introrse, when the opening faces the pistil; extrorse, .
when towards the circumference of the flower. m

119. Pollen (109) is not always in the form of dust. It is sometimes collected in —
each cell into one or two little wax-like masses. Special terms used in describing these `

masses or other modifications of the pollen will be explained under the Orders where `
they occur. i

$11. The Pistil.

120. The carpels (91) of the Pistil, although they may occasionally assume, rather
more than stamens, the appearance and colour of leaves, are still more different in
shape and structure. They are usually sessile; if stalked, their stalk is called a podo-
carp. This stalk, upon which each separate carpel is supported above the receptacle,
must not be, confounded with the gynobasis (143), upon which the whole pistil is some- -
times raised.

121. Each carpel consists of three parts :

_ A. The Ovary, or enlarged base, which includes one or more cavities or cells, con*
taining one or more small bodies called ovules. These are the earliest condition of the
future seeds. um

2. the Style, proceeding from the summit of the ovary, and supporting—
3. the Stigma, which is sometimes a point (or punctiform stigma) or small head |
(a capitate stigma) at the top of the style or ovary, sometimes a portion of its surface `

more or less lateral and variously shaped, distinguished by a looser texture, and covered
with minute protuberances called papille.

122. The style is often wanting, and the stigma is then sessile on the ovary, but i 2

INTRODUCTION. 3 xvii

the perfect pistil there is always at least one ovule in the ovary, and some portion of
stigmatic surface. Without these the pistil is imperfect, and said to be darren (not
setting seed), abortive, or rudimentary (84), according to the degree of imperfection.

123. The ovary being the essential part of the pistil, most of the terms relating to
the number, arrangement, etc., of the carpels, apply specially to their ovaries. In some
works each separate carpel is called a pistil, all those of a flower constituting together
the gyncecium ; but this term is in little use, and the word pistil is more generally
applied in a collective sense. When the ovaries are at all united, they are commonly
termed collectively a compound ovary.

124. The number of carpels or ovaries in a flower is frequently reduced below that
of the parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers otherwise symmetrical Ina
very few genera, however, the ovaries are more numerous than the petals, or indefinite.
They are in that case either arranged in a single whorl, or form a head or spike in the
centre of the flower. :

125. The terms monogynous, digynous, polygynous, ete. (with a pistil of one, two, or
more parts), are vaguely used, applying sometimes to the whole pistil, sometimes to the
ovaries alone, or to the styles or stigmas only. Where a more precise nomenclature is
adopted, the flower is

monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a single simple carpe. — —

,. bi-; tri-, etc., to poly-carpellary, when the pistil consists of two, three, or an inde-

finite number of carpels, whether separate or united. d o

syncarpous, when the carpels or their ovaries are more or less united into one
compound ovary. 2x

apocarpous, when the carpels or ovaries are all free and distinct.

126. A compound ovary is

unilocular or one-celled, when there are no partitions between the ovules, or when
these partitions do not meet in the centre so as to divide the cavity into several cells.

plurilocular or several-celled, when completely divided into two or more cells by
partitions called dissepiments (septa), usually vertical and radiating from the centre or
axis of the ovary to its circumference.
dé bi-, tri-, ete., to multi-locular, according to the number of these cells, two, three,

* OF many. à

127. In ned the number of cells or of dissepiments, complete or partial, or of
rows of ovules, corresponds with that of the carpels, of which the pistil is composed.
But sometimes each carpel is divided completely or partially into two cells, or has two
rows of ovules, so that the number of carpels appears double what it really is. Some-
times again the carpels are so completely combined and reduced as to form a single e
with a single ovule, although it really consist of several carpels. But in these spen
Ovary is usually described as it appears, as well as such as it is theoretically supposed to be.

128. In apocarpous pistils the styles are usually free, each bearing its Hannes
Very rarely the greater part of the styles, or the stigmas alone, are united, w e
Ovaries remain distinct.

129. Syncarpous flowers are said to have

several styles, when the styles are free from the base. e

T" mne with several branches, when the styles are egen S my ase, bu
Separate below the point where the stigmas or stigmatic surfaces commence.

one simple Wie. with several stigmas, Min € up to the point where the

as or stigmatic surfaces commence, and then separating. aec

one simple style, with a branched, lobed, toothed, notched, or entire stigma - -
case may be), when the stigmas also are more or less united. In many works, ho ü
€ E precise nomenclature is not strictly adhered to, and considerable confusion

n the result, ; :

130. In general the number of st les, or branches of the style or stigma, 18 the same
as that of the carpels, but geeiert that number is doubled, especially in the e
and sometimes the stigmas are dichotomously or pinnately branched, or pene leaks
ees 15, divided into a tuft of hair-like branches. All these variations ssepe Lë
it a difficult task to determine the number of carpels forming a compoun de iA ul

Point is of considerable importance in fixing the affinities of plants, and, by

xviii t INTRODUCTION.

consideration, the realas well as the apparent number has now in most cases been
agreed upon. :

131. The Placenta is the part of the inside of the ovary to which the ovules are
attached, sometimes a mere point or line on the inner surface, often more or less thick-
ened or raised. Placentation is therefore the indication of the part of the ovary to
which the ovules are attached.

132. Placentas are

axile, when the ovules are attached to the axis or centre, that is, in plurilocular
ovaries, when they are attached to the inner angle of each cell; in unilocular simple
ovaries, which have almost always an excentrical style or stigma, when the ovules are
attached to the side of the ovary nearest to thestyle; in unilocular compound ovaries,
when the ovules are attached to a central protuberance, column, or axis rising up from `
the base of the cavity. If this column does not reach the top of the cavity, the pla-
centa is said to be free and central.

parietal, when the ovules are attached to the inner surface of the cavity of a one-
celled compound ovary. Parietal placentas are usually slightly thickened or raised |
lines, sometimes broad surfaces nearly covering the inner surface of the cavity, some-
times projecting far into the cavity, and constituting partial dissepiments, or even `
meeting in the centre, but without cohering there. In the latter case the distinction
between the one-celled and the several-celled ovary sometimes almost disappears.

133. Each Ovule (121), when fully formed, usually consists of a central mass or
nucleus enclosed in two bag-like coats, the outer one called primine, the inner one
secundine. The chalaza is the point of the ovule at which the base of the nucleus is
confluent with the coats. The foramen is a minute aperture in the coats over the `
apex of the nucleus.

134. Ovules are

orthotropous or straight, when the chalaza coincides with the base (36) of the `
ovule, and the foramen is at the opposite extremity, the axis of the ovule being straight. |

campylotropous or incurved, when the chalaza still coinciding with the base of
the ovule, the axis of the ovule is curved, bringing the foramen down more or less to- _
wards that base.

anatropous or inverted, when the chalaza is at the apex of the ovule, and the
foramen next to its base, the axis remaining straight. In this, one of the most frequent
forms of the ovule, the chalaza is connected with the base by a cord, called the raphe, -
adhering to one side of the ovule, and becoming more or less incorporated with its `
coats, as the ovule enlarges into a seed. .

amphitropous or half-inverted, when the ovule being asit were attached laterally, _
the chalaza and foramen at opposite ends of its straight or curved axis are about equally _
distant from the base or point of attachment. D

§ 12. The Receptacle and Relative Attachment of the Floral Whorls.

135. The Receptacle or /orus is the extremity of the peduncle (above the calyx), `
upon which the corolla, stamens, and ovary are inserted. It is sometimes little more
than a mere point or minute hemisphere, but it is often also more or less elongated,
thickened, or otherwise enlarged. It must not be confounded with the receptacle
inflorescence (74). 3
` 136. A Disk, or disc, is a circular enlargement of the receptacle, usually in the form.
of a cup (cupular), of a flat disk or quoit, or of a cushion (pulvinate). It is either `
immediately at the base of the ovary within the stamens, or between the petals and —
stamens, or bears the petals or stamens or both on its margin, or is quite at the ex :
tremity of the receptacle, with the ovaries arranged in a ring round it or under it. 4

137. The disk may be entire, or toothed, or lobed, or divided into a number of parts, `
usually equal to or twice that of the stamens or carpels. When the parts of the disk
are quite separate and short, they are often called glands. d

188. Nectaries, are either the disk, or small deformed petals, or abortive stamens, `

|. 9r appendages at the base of petals or stamens, or any small bodies within the flower =
which do not look like petals, stamens, or ovaries. They were formerly supposed H `

INTRODUCTION. xix

supply bees with their honey, and the term is frequently to be met with in the older
Floras, but is now deservedly going out of use.

139. When the disk bears the petals and stamens, it is frequently adherent to, and
apparently forms part of, the tube of the calyx, or it is adherent to, and apparently
forms part of, the ovary, or of both ealyx-tube and ovary. Hence the three following
important distinctions in the relative insertion of the floral whorls.

140. Petals, or as it is frequently expressed, flowers, are

. _Āypogynous (i.e. under the ovary), when they or the disk that bears them are en-
tirely free both from the calyx and ovary. The ovary is then described as free or su-
perior, the calyx as free or inferior, the petals as being inserted on the receptacle.

perigynous (i. e. round the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is quite free
from the ovary, but is more or less combined with the base of the calyx-tube. The
ovary is then still described as free or superior, even though the combined disk and
calyx-tube may form a deep cup with the ovary lying in the bottom ; the calyx is said
to be fi ree or inferior, and the petals are described as inserted on the calyx. `

.,, “Pigynous (i. e. upon the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is combined'both
with the base of the calyx-tube and the base outside of the ovary; either closing over
the ovary ao as only to leave a passage for the style, or leaving more or less of the top
of the ovary free, but always adhering to it above the level of the insertion of the lowest
ovule (except in a very few cases where the ovules are absolutely suspended from the
top of the cel. In epigynous flowers the ovary is described as adherent or inferior,

e calyx as adherent or superior,the petals as inserted on or above the ovary. In
some works, however, most epigynous flowers are included in the perigynous ones, and
& very different meaning is given to the term epigynous (144), and there are a few cases
where no positive distinction can be drawn between the epigynous and perigynous
flowers, or again between the perigynous and hypogynous flowers. Hee >

141. When there are no petals, it is the insertion of the stamens that determines
the difference between the hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers.

142. When there are both petals and stamens, :

in hypogynous flowers, the petals and stamens are usually free from each other,
but sometimes they are combined at the base. In that case, if the petals are distinct
from each other, and the stamens are monadelphous, the petals are often said to be
tiserfed on or combined with the stamtnal tube; if the corolla is gamopetalous and the
teta distinct from each other, the latter are said to be inserted in the tube of the
olla.
in perigynous flowers, the stamens are usually inserted immediately within the
Petals, or alternating with them on the edge of the disk, but occasionally much lower
down within the disk, or even on the unenlarged part of the receptacle. a sore

, m epigynous flowers, when the petals are distinct, the stamens are us Ree
as in perigynous flowers ; when the corolla is gamopetalous, the stamens are either
and hypogynous, or combined at the base with (inserted in) the tube of the Oe a
143. When the receptacle is distinctly elongated below the ovary, it 1s often ca à
a gynobasis, gynophore, or stalk of the ovary. TE the elongation takes place below " *
Stamens or below the petals, these stamens or petals are then said to be inserted. on "
stalk of the ovary, and are occasionally, but falsely, described as epigynous. Really
am stamens (i. e. when the filaments are combined with the ovary ) are very rare,

ess the rest of the flower is epigynous. `
. 144. An epigynous disk is a SE given either to the thickened summit of the ovary
Sa Bom flowers, or very rarely to a real disk or enlargement of the

ing over the ovary. B

145. In the relative position of any two or more parts of the flower, whether in the
Same or in different whorls, they are :

connivent, when nearer together at the summit than at the base.
ess when further apart at the Se eds th eg sie ban; a with

un “Oherent, when united together, but so sli a
little or no laceration ; and € of the two E parts (usually the —
important) is said to be adherent to the other. Grammatically we —

convey nearly the same meaning, but require a different form of phrase; p

XX INTRODUCTION.

tically however it has been found more convenient to restrict cohesion to the union of
parts of tke same whorl, and adhesion to the union of parts of different whorls. `
connate, when so closely united that they cannot be separated without laceration.
Each of the two connate parts, and especially that one which is considered the smaller
or of the least importance, is said to be adnate to the other.
free, when neither coherent nor connate. e
distinct is also used in the same sense, but is also applied to parts distinctly visible
or distinctly limited.

§ 13. The Fruit.

146. The Fruit (15) consists of the ovary and whatever other parts of the flower are -

persistent (i. e. persist at the time the seed is ripe), usually enlarged, and more or less
altered in shape and consistence. It encloses or covers the seed or seeds till the period
of maturity, when it either opens for the seed to escape, or falls to the ground with the
seed. When stalked, its stalk has been termed a earpophore. j
147. Fruits are, in elementary works, said to be simple when the result of a single
flower, compound when they proceed from several flowers closely packed or combined
in a head. But as a fruit resulting from a single flower, with several distinct earpels,
is compound in the sense in which that term is applied to the ovary, the terms siagle
and aggregate, proposed for the fruit resulting from one or several flowers, may be more
appropriately adopted. In descriptive botany a fruit is always supposed to result from
a single flower unless the contrary be stated. It may, like the pistil, be syncarpous
or apocarpous (125); snd as in many cases carpels united in the flower may become
separate as they ripen, an apocarpous fruit may result from a syncarpous pistil.
148. The involucre or bracts often persist and form part of aggregate fruits, but very
seldom so in single ones. r:
149. The receptacle becomes occasionally enlarged and succulent ; if when ripe it
falls off with the fruit, it is considered as forming part of it.
15Q. The adherent part of the calyx of epigynous flowers always persists and forms
part of the fruit ; the free part of the calyx of epigynous flowers or the calyx of perigy-
nous flowers, either persists entirely at the top of or round the fruit, or the lobes alone
fall off, or the lobes fall off with whatever part of the calyx is above the insertion of
the petals, or the whole of what is free from the ovary falls off, including the disk bear-
` ing the petals. The calyx of hypogynous flowers usually falls off entirely or persists
entirely. In general a calyx is called deciduous if any part falls off. When it persists
it is either enlarged round or under the fruit, or it withers and dries up.
151. The corolla usually falls off entirely ; when it persists it is usually withered
and dry (marcescent), or very seldom enlarges round the fruit.
152. The stamens either fall off, or more or less of their filaments persists, usually
withered and dry.
153. The style sometimes falls off or*dries up and disappears ; sometimes persists,
hes Ag point to the fruit, or becomes enlarged into a wing or other appendage to
154. The Pericarp is the portion of the fruit formed of the ovary, and whatever ad-
heres to it exclusive of and outside of the seed or seeds, exclusive also of the persistent
— or of whatever portion of the calyx persists round the ovary without adhe-
ring to it.
.. 155. Fruits have often external appendages called wings (ale), beaks, crests, awns,
etc., according to their appearance. They are either formed by persistent parts of the
flower more or less altered, or grow out of the ovary or the persistent part of the
calyx. If the appendage be a ring of hairs or scales yound the top of the frnit, it is
called a pappus.
156. Fruits are generally divided into succulent (including fleshy, pulpy, and juicy
fruits) and dry. They are dehiscent when they uen at us Zog [d fet pid the ne

indehiscent when they do not open spontaneously but fall ith t . Succu-
lent fruits are usually indehiscent. a $ emie:

. 157. The principal kinds of succulent fruits are
_ the Berry, in which the whole substance of the pericarp is fleshy or pulpy, with

v

INTRODUCTION. xxi

the exception of the outer skin or rind, called the Epicarp. The seeds themselves are
usually immersed in the pulp; but in some berries, the seeds are separated from the
pulp by the walls of the cavity or cells of the ovary, which forms as it were a thin inner
skin or rind, called the Lindocarp.

the Drupe, in which the pericarp, when ripe, consists of two distinct portions, an
outer succulent one called the Sarcocarp (covered like the berry by a skin or epicarp),
and an inner dry endocarp called the Puéamen, which is either cartilaginous (of the
consistence of parchment) or hard and woody. In the latter case it is commonly
called a stone, and the drupe a stone-fruit. When the putamen consists of several
SE stones or nuts, each enclosing a seed, they are called pyrenes, or sometimes

ernels. ;

158. The principal kinds of dry fruits are

the Capsule or Pod,* which is dehiscent. When ripe the pericarp usually splits
longitudinally into as many or twice as many pieces, called valves, as it contains cel
or placentas. If these valves separate at the line of junction of the carpels, that is, were
the line of the placentas or dissepiments, either splitting them or leaving them attach
to the axis, the dehiscence is termed septicidal ; if the valves separate between the
placentas or dissepiment, the dehiscence is Joculicida!, and the valves either bear the
placentas or dissepiments along their middle line, or leave them attached to the axis.
Sometimes also the capsule discharges its seeds by skits, chinks, or pores, more or less
regularly arranged, or bursts irregularly, or separates into two parts by a horizontal
line; in the latter case it is said to be eíreumsciss.

_ the Nut or Achene, which is indehiscent and contains but a single seed. When the
pericarp is thin in proportion to the seed it encloses, the whole fruit (or each of its
lobes) has the appearance of a single seed, and is so called in popular language. If the
pericarp is thin and rather loose, it is often called an Utricle. A Samara isa nut with
a wing at its upper end.

159. Where the carpels of the pistil are distinet (125) they may severally become
as many distinct berries, drupes, capsules, or achenes. Separate carpels are usnally
more or less compressed laterally, with more or less prominent inner and outer
edges, called sutures, and, if dehiscent, the carpel usually opens at these sutures. A
Follicle is a carpel opening at the inner suture only. In some cases where the carpels
ed in the pistil they will separate when ripe; they are then called Cocci if one-

ed.

160. The peculiar fruits of some of the large Orders have received special names,
aa will be explained under each Order. Such are the siliqua and silicule of Cruci-
the legume of Leguminose, the pome of Pyrus and its allies, the pepo of Cueur-

itaceæ, the cone of Conifers, the grain or caryopsis of Graminee, ete.

§ 14. The Seed.

161. The Seed is enclosed in the pericarp in the great
called therefore Angiosperms, or son sace di prie In Conifere and a very few
ed genera, called Gymnosperms, or gymnospermous plants, the seed is naked, without
my real pericarp. These truly gymnospermous plants must not be confounded with
won dd e ete., which have also been falsely called gymnospermous, their
nuts having the appearance of seeds (158).
162. The end when Ges contains an sl al young plant, either filling or nearly
ing the cavity, but not attached to the outer skin or the seed, or more or less im-
m a mealy, oily, fleshy, or horn-like substance, called the albumen, or pert-
Sperm. The presence or absence of this albumen, that is, the distinction between albu-
mnous and evalbuminous seeds; is one of great importance. The embryo or oes
often only be found or distinguished when the seed is quite ripe, or sometimes only
en it begins to germinate.
163. The shell of the seed consists usually of two separable coats. The outer wl
s ‚ed the testa, is usually the principal one, and in most cases the only one oem
Ze descriptions. It may be hard and erustaceous, woody or or or thin an Ag
n English descriptions, is mo quently used when it is long narrow ; capsule,
Pouch, when it is short M.

majority of flowering plants,

xxii INTRODUCTION.

branous (skin-like), dry, or rarely succulent. It is sometimes expanded into wings,
or bears a tuft of hair, cotton, or wool, called a coma. The inner coat is called the

MEn,

164. The funicle is the stalk by which the seed is attached to the placenta. It is
occasionally enlarged into a membranous, pulpy, or fleshy appendage, sometimes spread-
ing over a considerable part of the seed, or nearly enclosing it, called an aril. A stro-
phiole or caruncie is a similar appendage proceeding from the testa by the side of or
near the funicle.

165. The hilum is the scar left on the seed where it separates from the funicle. The
micropyle is a mark indicating the position of the foramen of the ovule (133).

166. The Embryo (162) consists of the Radicle or base of the future root, one or
two Cotyledons or future seed-leaves, and the Plumule or future bud within the base
ofthe cotyledons. In some seeds, especially where there is no albumen, these several
parts are very conspicuous, in others they are very difficult to distinguish until the
seed begins to germinate. "Their observation, however, is of the greatest importance,
for it is chiefly upon the distinction between the embryo with one or with two coty-
ledons that are founded the two great classes of phenogamous plants, Monocotyledons
and Dicotyledons. .

167. Although the embryo lies loose (unattached) within the seed, it is generally
in some determinate position with respect to the seed or to the whole fruit. This
position is described by stating the direction of the radicle next to or more or less `
remote from the hilum, or it is said to be superior if pointing towards the summit of _
the fruit, inferior if pointing towards the base of the fruit. Í

s § 15. Accessory Organs.

168. Under this name are included, in many elementary works, various external
parts of plants which do not appear to act any essential part either in the vegetation
or reproduction of the plant. They may be classed under four heads: Tendrils and
Hooks, Thorns and Prickles, Hairs, and Glands.

169. Tendrils (cirrhi) are usually abortive petioles, or abortive peduncles, or some-
times abortive ends of branches. They are simple or more or less branched, flexible,
and coil more or less firmly round any objects within their reach, in order to support
the plant to which they belong. Hooks are similar holdfasts, but of a firmer consis-
tence, not branched, and less coiled.

170. Thorns and Prickles have been fancifully called the weapons of plants.
A Thorn or Spine is the strongly pointed extremity of a branch, or abortive petiole, or —
abortive peduncle. A Prickle is a sharply pointed excrescence from the epidermis,
and is usually produced on a branch, on the petiole or veins of a leaf, or on a peduncle,
or even on the calyx or corolla. When the teeth of a leaf or the stipules are pungent,
they are also called prickles, not thorns. A plant is spinous if it has thorns, aculeate
if it has prickles. :

171. Hairs, in the general sense, or the indumentum (or clothing) of a plant, in-
elude all those productions of the epidermis which have, by a more or less appropriate
comparison, been termed bristles, hairs, down, cotton, or wool. ;

172. Hairs are often branched. They are said to be attached by the centre, if
parted from the base, and the forks spread along the surface in opposite directions ;
plumose, if the branches are arranged along a common axis, as in a feather; stellate,
if several branches radiate horizontally. These stellate hairs have sometimes their
rays connected together at the base, forming little flat circular disks attached by the
centre, and are then called scales, and the surface is said to be scaly or lepidote. |

173. The Epidermis, or outer skin, of an organ, as to its surface and indumentum, 18

smooth, when without any protuberance whatever. 3

glabrous, when without hairs of any kind.

striate, when marked with parallel longitudinal lines, either slightly raised oF
merely discoloured.

: henge (sulcate) or ribbed (costate) when the parallel lines are more distinctly ` `

INTRODUCTION. ? xxiii

rugose, when wrinkled or marked with irregular raised or depressed lines.
umbilicate, when marked with a small round depression.
wmbonate, when bearing a small boss like that of a shield.
viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when covered with a sticky or clammy exudation.
scabrous, when rough to the touch.
tuberculate or warted, when covered with small, obtuse, wart-like protuberances.
e SE when the protuberances are more raised and pointed but yet short and
ra. LAE NE
echinate, when the protuberances are longer and sharper, almost prickly.
setose or bristly, when bearing very stiff erect straight hairs. :
glandular-setose, when the sete or bristles terminate in a minute resinous head or
p. In some works, especially in the case of Roses and Rubus, the meaning of sete
has been restricted to such as are glandular.
glochidiate, when the sete are hooked at the top. : F
pilose, when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather long simple hairs.
hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs.
hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff. à

p AE or pubescent, when the hairs are short and soft ; puberulent, when slightly

pubescent. .

strigose, when the hairs are rather short and stiff, and lie close along the surface
all in the same direction ; strigiilose, when slightly strigose.

fomentose or cottony, when the hairs are very short and soft, rather dense and
more or less intricate, and usually white or whitish. ar :

woolly (lanate), when the hairs are long and loosely intricate, like wool. The
nor tomentum is said to be floccose when closely intricate and readily detached,

e fleece. $

eid (farinose), when the hairs are Liege Kaes intricate and white, and
come off readily, having the appearance of meal or dust. ; arate

canescent A bes when the hairs are so short as not readily to be distinguished
by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the epidermis.

glaucous, when of a pale bluish-green, often covered with a fine bloom.

174. The meanings here attached to the above terms are such as appear to have ege?
most generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in the use practically made o
many of them by different botanists. This is especially the case with the terms pilose,

id, hirsute, pubescent, and tomentose. : UA
pd s name of Glands is given to several different productions, and principally
e four following :— :
L Small wait tke or shield-like bodies, either sessile or sometimes beige of a
gous or somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting a small quim dä
or resinous matter, but. more frequently dry. They are generally few in number, VERDE
ite in their position and form, and occur chiefly on the petiole or Lais y ts
of SE on the branches of inflorescences, or on the stalks or principal veins of bracts,
Sepals, or petals. . R
2. Minute raised dots, usually black, red, or dark-coloured, of a — yo
nature, always superficial, and apparently exudations from the epidermis. su
often numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green branches, aud occur even on e" je
and stamens, more rarely on pistils. When raised upon slender stalks they are oF the
egen (or stipitate) glands, or glandular hairs, according to the thickness

e uh dt ded in the

3. Small, globular, oblong or even linear vesicles, filled with oil, imbed
Substance itself of leaves, bici floral organs, or fruits. They are a — In
Cus, like transparent dots, sometimes few and determinate in form an Lagar Kä
the pericarp of Umbellifere they are remarkably regular and conspicuous,

e name of vitte. s

4. Lobes of the disk (137), or other small fleshy excrescences within the flower,

Whether from the receptacle, calyx, corolla, stamens, or pistil.

xxiv i INTRODUCTION.

Cuar. II. OLASSIFICATION, OR SYSTEMATIC BOTANY.

176. It has already been observed (3) that descriptions of plants should, as nearly as
possible, be arranged under natural divisions, so as to facilitate the comparison of each
plant with those most nearly allied to it. The descriptions of plants here alluded to are
descriptionsof species; the natural divisions of the Florarefer to natural groups of spectes.

177. A Species comprises all the individual plants which resemble each other suffi-
ciently to make us conclude that they are all, or may have been all, descended from a
common parent. These individuals may often differ from each other in‘many striking
particulars, such as the colour of the flower, size of the leaf, etc., but these particulars
are such as experience teaches us are liable to vary in the seedlings raised from one
individual. ; :

178. When a large number of the individuals of a species differ from the others in
any striking particular they constitute a Variety. If the variety generally comes
true from seed, it is often called a Race. ;

179. A Variety can only be propagated with certainty by grafts, cuttings, bulbs,
tubers, or any other method which produces a new plant by the development of one
or more buds taken from the old one. A Race may with care be propagated by seed,
although seedlings will always be liable, under certain circumstances, to lose those
particulars which distinguish it from the rest of the species. A real Species will always
come true from seed.

180. The known species of plants (now near 100,000) are far too numerous for the
human mind to study without classification, or even to give distinct single names to.
To facilitate these objects, an admirable system, invented by Linnzeus, has been uni-
versally adopted, viz. one common substantive name is given to a number of species
which resemble each other more than they do any other species; the species so col-
lected under one name are collectively called a Genus, the common name being the
generic name. Each species is then distinguished from the others of the same genus
by the addition of an adjective epithet or specific name. Every species has thus a bo-
tanieal name of two words. In Latin, the language usually used for the purpose, the
first word is a substantive and designates the genus; the second, an adjective, indi-
cates the species.

181. The genera thus formed being still too numerous (above 6,000) for study with-
out further arrangement, they have been classed upon the samé principies; viz. genera
which resemble each other more than they do any other genera, have been collected
together into groups of a higher degree called Families or Natural Orders, to
each of which a common name has been given. This name is in Latin an adjective
plural, usually taken from the name of some one typical genus, generally the best known,
the first discovered, or the most marked (e.g. Ranunculacee from Ranunculus). This
is however for the purpose of study and comparison. To speak of a species, to refer
to it and identify it, all that is necessary is to give the generic and specific names.

182. Natural Orders themselves (of which we reckon near 200) are often in the
same manner collected into Classes ; and where Orders contain a large number 0
genera, or genera a large number of species, they require further classification. The
genera of an Order are then collected into minor groups called Tribes, the species of
a genus into Sections, and in a few cases this intermediate classification is carried still
further. The names of these several groups the most generally adopted are as follows,
beginning with the most comprehensive or highest :—

Classes. Genera.
Subclasses or Alliances, Subgenera.
Natural Orders or Families. Sections.
Suborders. Subsections.
Tribes. Species.
Subtribes. Varieties,
Diwisions.

Subdivisions.

183. The characters (3) by which a species is distinguished from all other species of

INTRODUCTION. XXV

the same genus are collectively called the specifie character of the plant; those by
which its genus is distinguished from other genera of the Order, or its Order from other
Orders, are respectively called the generic or ordinal character, as the case may be.
The habit of a plant, of a species, a genus, ete., consists of such general characters as
strike the eye at first sight, such as size, colour, ramification, arrangement of the
leaves, inflorescence, etc., and are chiefly derived from the organs of vegetation.

184. Classes, Orders, Genera, and their several subdivisions, are called natural when,
in forming them, all resemblances and differences are taken into account, valuing them
according to their evident or presumed importance ; artificial, when resemblances and
differences in some one or very few particulars only are taken into account indepen-
dently of all others.

185. The number of species included in a genus, or the number of genera in an
Order, is very variable. Sometimes two or three or even a single species may be so
different from all others as to constitute the entire genus; in others, several hundred
species may resemble each other so much as to be all included in one genus ; and there
is the same discrepancy in the number of genera to a Family. There is moreover, un-
fortunately, in a number of instances, great difference of opinion as to whether certain
plants differing from each other in certain partieulars are varieties of one species or be-
long to distinct species ; and again, whether two or more groups of species should con-
stitute as many sections of one genus, or distinct genera, or tribes of one Order, or
even distinet Natural Orders. In the former case, as a species is supposed to have a
real existence in nature, the question is susceptible of argument, and sometimes of ab-
solute proof. But the place a group should oceupy in the scale of degree is very arbi-
trary, being often a mere question of convenience. The more subdivisions upon cor-
rect principles are multiplied, the more they facilitate the study of plants, provided
always the main resting-points for constant use, the Order and the Genus, are compre-
hensive and distinet. Butif every group into which a genus can be divided be erected
Into a distinct genus, with a substantive name to be remembered whenever a species
Jg spoken of, all the advantages derived from the beautiful simplicity of the Linnean
nomenclature are gone.

Cnmar. III. VEGETABLE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
8 1. Structure and Growth of the Elementary Tissues.

186. If a very thin slice of any part of a plant be placed under a microscope of high
Magnifying power, it will be found to be made up of variously shaped and arranged
ultimate parts, forming a sort of honeycombed structure. These ultimate parts are
called cells, and form by their combination the elementary tissues of which the entire
plant is composed.

187. A cell in its simplest state is a closed membranous sac, formed of a substance
permeable by fluids, though usually. destitute of visible pores. Each cell is a distinct
individual, separately formed and separately acting, though cohering with the cells
With which it is in contact, and partaking of the common life and action of the tissue
of which it forms a part. The membranes separating or enclosing the cells are also
-— their was.

- Botanists usually distinguish the following tissues :—

(1) Cellular tissue, e? Bee ur consists ah oe of thin-walled cells, more or less
round in form, or with their length not much exceeding their breadth, and not tapering
at the ends, All the soft parts of the leaves, the pith of stems, the pulp of fruits, and

young growing parts, are formed of it. It is the first tissue produced, and continues
to be formed while growth continues, and when it ceases to be active the plant dies.

(2) Woody tissue, or prosenchyma, differs in having its cells considerably longer than

usually tapering at each end into points and overlapping each ot her. "The cells
are commonly thick-walled ; the tissue is firm, tenacious, and elastic, and constitutes

xxvi INTRODUCTION.

the prineipal part of wood, of the inner bark, and of the nerves and veins of leaves,
forming, in short, the framework of the plant. ;

(8) Vascular tissue, or the vesse/s or ducts of plants, so called from the mistaken no-
tion that their functions are analogous to those of the vessels (veins and arteries) of
animals. A vessel in plants consists of a vertical row of cells, which have their trans-
verse partition-walls obliterated, so as to form a continuous tube. All phenogamous
plants, as well as ferns end a few other eryptogamous plants, have vessels, and are
therefore called vascular plants; so the majority of cryptogams having only cellular
tissue are termed cellular plants. Vessels have their sides very variously marked;
some, called spiral vessels, have a spiral fibre coiled up their inside, which unrolls
when the vessel is broken ; others are marked with longitudinal slits, cross bars,
minute dots or pits, or with transverse rings. The size of vessels is also very variable
in different plants ; in some they are of considerable size and visible to the naked eye in
eross sections of the stem, in others they are almost absent or can only be traced under
a strong magnifier.

189. Various modifications of the above tissues are distinguished by vegetable ana-
tomists under names which need not be enumerated here as not being in general prac-
tical use. Air-vessels, cysts, turpentine-vessels, oil-reservoirs, etc., are either cavities
left between the cells, or large cells filled with peculiar secretions. E

190. When tissues are once formed, they increase, not by the general enlargement of
the whole of the cells already formed, but by cell-division, that is, by the division of
young and vitally active cells, and the enlargement of their portions. In the formation
of the embryo, the first cell of the new plant is formed, not by division, but around 8
segregate portion of the contents of a previously existing cell, the embryo-sac. This is
termed free cell-formation, in contradistinction to cell-division.

191. A young and vitally active cell consists of the outer wall, formed of a more or
less transparent substance called cellulose, permeable by fluids, and of ternary chemical `
composition (carbon, hydrogen. and oxygen); and of the ced/-contents, usually viscid
or mucilaginous, consisting of protoplasm, a substance of quaternary chemical compo-
sition (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen), which fills an important part in cell-
division and growth. Within the cell (either in the centre or excentrical) is usually @
minute, soft, subgelatinous body ealled the nucleus, whose functions appear to be inti-
mately connected with the first formation of the new cell. As this cell increases in size,
and its walls in thickness, the protoplasm and watery cell-sap become absorbed or dried
up, the firm cellulose wall alone remaining as a permanent fabric, either empty or filled
with various organized substances produced or secreted within it.

192. The principal organized contents of cells are E

sap, the first product of the digestion of the food of plants; it contains the ele- —
ments of vegetable growth in a dissolved condition.

sugar, of which there are two kinds, called cane-sugar and grape-sugar. It usually
exists dissolved in the sap. It is found abundantly in growing parts, in fruits, and in
germinating seeds.

dextrine, or vegetable mucilage, a gummy substance, between mucilage and starch.

starch or fecula, one of tlie most universal and conspicuous of cell-contents, an'
often so abundant in farinaceous roots and seeds as to fill the cell-cavity. It consists
of minute grains called starch-granules, which vary in size and are marked with more
or less conspicuous concentric lines of growth. The chemical constitution of starch ` `
is the same as that of cellulose ; it is unaffected by cold water, but forms a jelly with `
boiling water, and turns blue when tested by iodine. When fully dissolved it is no `
longer starch, but dextrine.

chlorophyll, very minute granules, containing nitrogen, and coloured green under
the action of sunlight. These granules are most abundant in the layers of cells imme
diately below the surface or epidermis of leaves and young bark. The green colouring
matter is soluble in alcohol, and may thus be removed from the granules.

chromule, a name given to a similar colouring matter when not green. a

wax, oils, camphor, and resinous matter, are common in cells or in cavities in the `
tissues Between the cells, also various mineral substances, either in an amorphous state `
or as microscopic crystals, when they are called Raphides. é

INTRODUCTION, xxvil

$2. Arrangement of the Elementary Tissues, or Structure of the Organs of Plants.

193. Leaves, young stems, and branches, and most parts of phanogamous plants,

during the first year of their existence consist anatomically of

1, a cellular system, or continuous mass of cellular tissue, which is developed both
vertically as the stem or other parts increase in length, and horizontally or laterally as
they increase in thickness or breadth. It surrounds or is intermixed with the fibro-
vascular system, or it may exist alone in some parts of phænogamous plants, as well
as in cryptogamous ones. : 3
. 2, a fibro-vascular system, or continuous mass of woody and vascular tissue, which
1s gradually introduced vertically into, and serves to bind together, the cellular system.
It is continued from the stem into the petioles and veins of the leaves, and into the pe-
dicels and parts of the flowers, and is never wholly wanting in any phinogamous plant.

3, an epidermis, or outer skin, formed of one or more layers of flattened (horizon-
tal), firmly coherent, and usually empty cells, with either thin and transparent or thick
and opaque walls. It covers almost all parts of plants exposed to the outward air,
protecting their tissues from its immediate action, but is wanting in those parts of
aquatic plants which are constantly submerged.

194. The epidermis is frequently pierced by minute spaces between the cells, called
Stomates. They are oval or mouth-shaped, bordered by lips, formed of two or more
elastie cells so disposed as to cause the stomate to open in a moist, and to close up in
a dry state of the atmosphere. They communicate with intercellular cavities, and are
obviously designed to regulate evaporation and respiration. They are chiefly found
upon leaves, especially on the under surface. :

195. When a phenogamous plant has outlived the first season of its growth, the
anatomical structure of its stem or other perennial parts becomes more complicated
and very different in the two great classes of phenogamous plants called Exogens and
Endogens, which correspond with very few exceptions to the two classes Dicotyledons
and Monocotyledons (167), founded on the structure of the embryo. In Exogens
(Dicotyledons) the woody system is placed in concentric layers between a central
pith (198, 1), and an external separable bark (198, 5). In Endogens (Monocotyle-
dons) the woody system is in separate small bundles or fibres running through the
cellular system without apparent order, and there is usually no distinct central pith,
nor outer separable bark. ; x

196. The anatomical structure is also somewhat different in the different organs of
plants. In the Root, although it is constructed generally on the same plan as the
stem, yet the regular organization, and the difference between Exogens and Endogens, is
often disguised or obliterated by irregularities of growth, or by the production of large
quantities of cellular tissue filled with starch or other substances (192). There is sel-
dom, if ever, any distinct pith, the concentric circles of fibro-vascular tissue in Exogens
are often very indistinct or have no relation to seasons of growth, and the epidermis

no stomates. :
.197. In the Stem or branches, during the first year or season of their growth, -
ifference between Exogens and Endogens is not always very conspicuous. In bot
ere 13 a tendency to a circular arrangement of the fibro-vascular system, as,
the centre either vacant or filled with cellular tissue (pith) only, and a more or |
tinct outer rind is observable even in several Endogens. More frequently, —
ever, the distinction is already very apparent the first season, especially towards its
Close. The fibro-vascular bundles in Endogens usually anastomose but little, passing
Continuously into the branches and leaves. In Exogens the circle of po E
bundles forms a more continuous cylinder of network emitting lateral offsets into t
rie? and leaves. : CH Ser
- The Exogenous stem, after the first year of its growth, consists gf ` — A
1, the pith, & cylinder of cellular nin oceupying the centre or Meet ms
Ofthe stem. It is active only in young stems or branches, becomes dried up anc hable
pM as the wood hardens, and often finally disappears, or is scarcely distinguisha
rees. .

... 2, the medullary sheath, which surrounds and encases the pith. It abounds in

Spiral vessels (188, E and is in direct connection, when young, with the leaf-buds and

xxviii INTRODUCTION.

branches, with the petioles and veins of leaves, and other ramifications of the system.
Like the pith, it gradually disappears in old wood. ;

3, the wood, which lies immediately outside the medullary sheath. It is formed
of woody tissue (188, 2), through which, in most cases, vessels (188, 8) variously dis-
posed are interspersed. It is arranged in annual concentric circles (211), which usually
remain active during several years, but in older stems the central and older layers be-
come hard, dense, comparatively inactive, and usually deeper coloured, forming what
is called heart-wood or duramen, the outer, younger, and usually paler-coloured living
layers constituting the sapwood or alburnum. ;

4, the medullary rays, which form vertical plates, originating in the pith, and,
radiating from thence, traverse the wood and terminate in the bark. They are formed
of cellular tissue, keeping up a commupieation between the living portion of the centre
of the stem and its outer surface. As the heart-wood is formed, the inner portion of
the medullary rays ceases to be active, but they usually may still be seen in old wood,
forming what carpenters call the silver grain.

5, the Lark, which lies outside the wood, within the epidermis. It is, like the
wood, arranged in annual concentric circles (211), of which the outer older ones become
dry and hard, forming the corky layer or outer bark, which, as it is distended by the
thickening of the stem, either cracks or is cast off with the epidermis, which is no longer
distinguishable. Within the corky layer is the cellular, or green, or middle bark, formed
of loose thin-walled pulpy cells containing chlorophyll (192) ; and which is usually the
layer of the preceding season. The innermost and youngest circle, next the young
wood, is the /iber or inner bark, formed of long tough woody tissue called bast-cel/s.

199. The Endogenous stem, as it grows old, is not marked by the concentric circles
of Exogens. The wood consists of a matrix of cellular tissue irregularly traversed by
vertical cords or bundles of woody and vascular tissue, which are in connection with
the leaves. These vascular bundles change in structure and direction as they pass
down the stem, losing their vessels, they retain only their bast- or long wood-cells,
usually curving outwards towards the rind. The old wood becomes more compact and
harder towards the circumference than in the centre. The epidermis or rind either
hardens so as to prevent any increase of diameter in the stem, or it distends, without
increasing in thickness or splitting or casting off any outer layers.

200. In the Leaf, the structure of the petioles and principal ribs or veins is the
same as that of the young branches of which they are ramifications. In the expanded
portion of the leaf the fibro-vascular system becomes usually very much ramified, form-
ing the smaller veins. These are surrounded and the interstices filled up by a copious
and very active cellular tissue. The majority of leaves are horizontal, having a differ-
. ently constructed upper and under surface. The cellular stratum forming the upper
surface consists of closely set cells, placed vertically, with their smallest ends next the
surface, and with few or no stomates in the epidermis. In the stratum forming the
under surface, the cells are more or less horizontal, more loosely placed, and have ge-
nerally empty spaces between them, with stomates in the epidermis communicating
with these intercellular spaces. In vertical leaves (as in a large number of Australian
plants) the two surfaces are nearly similar in structure.

201. When leaves are reduced to scales, acting only as protectors of young buds, or
without taking any apparent part in the economy of vegetable life, their structure,
though still on the same plan, is more simple ; their fibro-vascular system is less rami-
fied, their cellular system more uniform, and there are few or no stomates.

202. Bracts and floral envelopes, when green and much developed, resemble leaves
in their anatomical structure, but in proportion as they are reduced to scales or trans-
formed into petals, they lose their stomates, and their systems, both fibro-vascular and
cellular, become more simple and uniform, or more slender and delicate.

203. In the stamens and pistils the structure is still nearly the same. The fibro-
vascular system, surrounded by and intermixed with the cellular tissue, is usually sim-
ple in the filaments and style, more or less ramified in the flattened or expanded parts,
such as the anther-cases, the walls of the ovary, or carpellary leaves, etc. The pollen
consists of granular cells variously shaped, marked, or combined, peculiar forms being
constant in the same species, or often in large genera, or even Orders. The stigmatic
portion of the pistil is a mass of loosely cellular substance, destitute of epidermis, and

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

episc is in communication with the ovary by a channel running down the centre of
e style.

204. Tubers, fleshy thickenings of the stem or other parts of the plant, succulent
leaves or branches, the fleshy, woody, or bony parts of fruits, the albumen, and the
thick fleshy parts of embryos, consist chiefly of largely developed cellular tissue, re-
plete with starch or other substances (192), deposited apparently in most cases for the
. eventual future use of the plant or its parts when recalled into activity at the approach
of a new season. i

205. Hairs (171) are usually expansions or processes of the epidermis, and consist
of one or more cells placed end to end. When thick or hardened into prickles, they
still consist usually of cellular tissue only. Thorns (170) contain more or less of a
fibro-vascular system, according to their degree of development.

206. Glands, in the primary sense of the word (175, 1), consist usually of a rather
uae cellular tissue without epidermis, and often replete with resinous or other sub-
stances.

$ 3. Growth of the Organs.

207. Roots grow in length constantly and regularly at the extremities only of their
fibres, in proportion as they find the requisite nutriment. They form no buds contain-
ing the germ of future branches, but their fibres proceed irregularly from any part of
their surface without previous indication, and when their growth has been stopped for
a time, either wholly by the close of the season, or partially by a deficiency of nutri-
ment at any particular spot, it will, on the return of favourable circumstances, be re-
sumed at the same point, if the growing extremities be uninjured. If during the
dead season, or at any other time, the growing extremity is cut off, dried up, or other-
wise injured, or stopped by a rock or other obstacle opposing its progress, lateral fibres
will be formed on the still living portion ; thus enabling the root as a whole to diverge
In any direction, and travel far and wide when lured on by appropriate nutriment. i
. 208. This growth is not however by the successive formation of terminal cells attain-
ing at once their full size. The cells first formed on a fibre commencing or renewing
Its growth, will often dry up and form a kind of terminal cap, which is pushed on as
cells are formed immediately under'it; and the new cells, constituting a greater or
lesser portion of the ends of the fibres, remain some time in a growing state before
they have attained their full size. :

209. The roots of Exogens, when perennial, increase in thickness like stems by the
addition of concentric layers, but these are usually much less distinctly marked ; and
ma large number of perennial Exogens and most Endogens the roots are annual,
perishing at the close of the season, fresh adventitious roots springing from the stock
When vegetation commences the following season.

210. The Stem, including its branches and appendages (leaves, floral organs, ete.),
grows in length by additions to its. extremity, but a much greater proportion of the
extremity and branches remains in a growing and expanding state for a much longer
time than in the case of the root. At the close of one season, leaf-buds or seeds are
formed, each containing the germ of a branch or young plant to be produced the
fo Owing season. Ata very early stage of the development of these buds or seeds, a
commencement may be found of many of the leaves it is to bear; and before a leaf
unfolds, every leaflet of which it is to consist, every lobe or tooth which is to mark its
margin, may often be traced in miniature, and thenceforth till it attains its, full size,
the branch grows and expands in every part. In some cases however the lower part of
P branch and more rarely (e.g. in some Meliacee) the lower part of a compound
attains its full size before the young leaves or leaflets of the extremity are yet formed.

211. The perennial stem, if exogenous (198), grows in thickness by the addition —
season of a new layer or ring of wood between the outermost preceding layer and e e
inner surface of the bark, and by the formation of a new layer or ring of bark within
the innermost preceding layer and outside the new ring of wood, thus forming a succes-
sion of concentric circles. "The sap elaborated by the Keng finds-its way, m a manner

as yet absolutely ascertained, into the eambiwm-region, a zone of tender thin-walled

“tinea 3 the wood with the bark, by the division and enlargement of m new

KE ; ;

ur . INTRODUCTION,

cells (190) are formed. These cells separate in layers, the inner ones constituting the
new ring of wood, and the outer ones the new bark or liber. In most exogenous trees,
in temperate climates, the seasons of growth correspond with the years, and the rings
of wood remain sufficiently distinct to indicate the age of the tree ; but in many tropical
and some evergreen trees, two or more rings of wood are formed in one year.

212. In endogenous perennial stems (199), the new wood or woody fibre is formed
towards the centre of the stem, or irregularly mingled with the old. The stem conse-
quently either only becomes more dense without increasing in thickness, or only m-
creases by gradual distention, which is never very considerable. It affords therefore
no certain criterion for judging of the age of the tree. ` 3

213. Flowers have generally all their parts formed, or indicated by protuberances or
growing cells at a very early stage of the bud. These parts are then usually more re-
gularly placed than in the fully developed flower. Parts which afterwards unite are
then distinct, many are present in this rudimentary state which are never further de-
veloped, and parts which are afterwards very unequal or dissimilar are perfectly alike

at this early period. On this account flowers in this very early stage are supposed by —

some modern botanists to be more normal, that is, more in conformity to a supposed
type; and the study of the early formation and growth of the floral organs, called
Organogenesis, has been considered essential for the correct appreciation of the affinities
of plants. In some cases, however, it would appear that modifications of development,
not to be detected in the very young bud, are yet of great importance in the distinction
of large groups of plants, and that Organogenesis, although it may often assist in clearing

up a doubtful point of affinity, cannot nevertheless be exclusively relied on in estimating `

the real value of peculiarities of structure.

214. The flower is considered as a bud (flower-bud, alabastrum) until the perianth `

expands, the period of flowering (anthesis) 1s that which elapses from the first expand-
ing of the perianth, till the pistil is set or begins to enlarge, or, when it does not set,
until the stamens and pistil wither or fall. After that, the enlarged ovary takes the
name of young fruit.

215. At the close of the season of growth, at the same time as the leaf-buds or seeds
are formed containing the germ of future branches or plants, many plants form also, at
or near the bud or seed, large deposits, chiefly of starch. In many cases,—such as the
tubers of a potato or other root-stock, the scales or thickened base of a bulb, the albu-
men or the thick cotyledons of a seed,—this deposit appears to be a store of nutriment,
which is partially absorbed by the young branch or plant during its first stage of
growth, before the roots are sufficiently developed to supply it from without. In some
cases, however, such as the fleshy thickening of some stems or peduncles, the pericarps
of fruits which perish long before germination (the first growth of the seed), neither
the use nor the cause of these deposits has as yet been clearly explained.

§ 4. Functions of the Organs.

216. The functions of the Root are, —1. To fix the plant in or to the soil or other

substance on which it grows. 2. To absorb nourishment fi the soil, water, or alt,
into which the fibres have pen Tenis Th Ose uad i

fil à etrated (or from other plants in the case of parasites);
and to transmit it rapidly to the stem. The absorption takes place through the young

growing extremities of the fibres, and through a peculiar kind of hairs or absorbing 1 j
organs which are formed at or near those growing extremities. The transmission tO —

the stem is through the tissues of the root itself. The nutriment absorbed consists

chiefly of carbonic acid and nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds dissolved in water. |

3. In some cases roots secrete or exude small

with a purpose not satisfactorily ascertained,
217. The Stem and its branches sup:

erude sap, or nutriment absorbed by

quantities of matter in a manner an

the roots and mixed with previously organiz

matter, to the leaves, and re-transmit the assimilated or elaborated sap from the leaves S
to the growing parts of the plant, to be there used up, or to form deposits for future —
t ap appears to Log eg chiey —

s ular tissues, passin mona F
to another by a process but little understood, but known by the name of endosmosee =

use (204). The transmission of the ascending crude
hrough the elongated cells associated with the vase :

port the leaves, flowers, and fruit, transmit the et

mine

INTRODUCTION. xxxi

218. Leaves are functionally the most active of the organs of vegetation. In them
is chiefly conducted digestion or Assimilation, a name given to the process which
accomplishes the following results :—1. The chemical decomposition of the oxygenated
matter of the sap, the absorption of carbonic acid, and the liberation of pure oxygen
at the ordinary temperature of the air. 2. A counter-operation by which oxygen is
absorbed from the atmosphere and carbonic acid is exhaled. 3. The transformation
of the residue of the crude sap into the organized substances which enter into the com-
position of the plant. The exhalation of oxygen appears to take place under the influ-
ence of solar heat and light, chiefly from the under surface of the leaf, and to be in
some measure regulated by the stomates; the absorption of oxygen goes on always in
the dark, and in the daytime also in certain cases. The transformation of the sap is
effected within the tissues of the leaf, and continues probably more or less throughout
the active parts of the whole plant. :

219. The Floral Organs seldom contribute to the growth of the plant on which they
are produced ; their functions are wholly concentrated on the formation of the seed with
the germ of a future plant, : s

220. The Perianth (calyx and corolla) acts in the first instance in protecting the
stamens and pistils during the early stages of their development. When expanded,
the use of the brilliant colours which they often display, of the sweet or strong odours
they emit, has not been adequately explained. Perhaps they may have great influence
in attracting those insects whose concurrence has been shown in many cases to be ne-
cessary for the due transmission of the pollen froin the anther to the stigma. S

221. The pistil, when stimulated by the action of the pollen, forms and nourishes
the young seed. The varied and complicated contrivances by which the pollen is con-
veyed to the stigma, whether by elastic action of the organs themselves, or with the
assistance of wind, of insects, or other extraneous agents, have been the subject of
numerous observations and experiments of the most distinguished naturalists, and are
yet far from being fully investigated. Their details, however, as far as known, would
be far too long for the present outline. À

222. The fruit nourishes and protects the seed until its maturity, and then often
promotes its dispersion by a great variety of contrivances or apparently collateral cr-
cumstances, e. g. by an elastic dehiscence which casts the seed off to a distance ; by
the development of a pappus, wings, hooked or other appendages, which allows them
to be carried off by winds, or by animals, etc., to which they may adhere; by their
small specific gravity, which enables them to float down streams; by their attractions
to m ete., who taking them for food drop them ug at great distances, etc. Ap-
pendages to the seeds themselves also often promote dispersion.

223. Hairs have various functions. The Bagger indumentum (171) of stems aad
leaves indeed,seems to take little part in the economy of the plant besides ege: ol
some oceasional protection against injurious atmospheric influences, but the roo vm
(216) are active absorbents, the hairs on styles and other parts of flowers appear otten
materially to assist the transmission of pollen, and the exudations of glandular —
(175, 2) are often too copious not to exercise some influence on the phenomena o
Vegetation. The whole question, however, of vegetable exudations and their influence
on the economy of vegetable life, is as yet but imperfectly understood.

Crap. IV, CoLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND DETERMINATION OF PLANTS.

224. Plants can undoubtedly be most easily and satisfactorily examined tat ey
gathered. But time will rarely admit of this being done, and it is moreover — ien
to compare them with other plants previously observed or collected. Pate rand
ems be selected for leisurely observation at vv s preserved for

Ce. A collection of such specimens constitutes a Herbarium.

5 ; i t, stem, leaves, flowers

225. A botanical Specimen, to be perfect, should pel es agn te uct, over

th open and in the bud), and fruit (both young an é
always possible to gather such GC specimens, but the collector should aim at

xxxii INTRODUCTION. S

completeness. Fragments, such as leaves without flowers, or flowers without leaves,
are of little or no use.

226. If the plant is small (not exceeding 15 in.) or can be reduced to that length

by folding, the specimen should consist of the whole plant, including the principal part
o

the root. If it be too large to preserve the whole, a good flowering-branch should be

selected, with the foliage as low down as can be gathered with it; and one or two of
the lower stem-leaves or radical leaves, if any, should be added, so as to preserve as
much as possible of the peculiar aspect of the plant. 1
227. The specimens should be taken from healthy uninjured plants of a medium
size. Or ifa specimen be gathered because it looks a little different from the majority
of those around it, apparently belonging to the same species, a specimen of the more
prevalent form should be taken from the same locality for comparison. . : ;
228. For bringing the specimens home, a light portfolio of pasteboard, covered with
ealico or leather, furnished with straps and buckles for closing, and another for slinging
on the shoulder, and containing a few sheets of stout coarse paper, is better than the

old-fashioned tin box (except, perhaps, for stiff prickly plants and a few others). The a
specimens as gathered are placed between the leaves of paper, and may be crowded to- |

gether if not left long without sorting.
229. If the specimen brought home be not immediately determined when fresh,
but dried for future examination, a note should be taken of the time, place, and

situation in which it was gathered ; of the stature, habit, and other particulars re- -

lating to any tree, shrub, or herb of which the specimen is only a portion; of the
kind of root it has; of the colour of the flower; or of any other particulars which

the specimen itself cannot supply, or which may be lost in the process of drying. =
These memoranda, whether taken down in the field, or from the living specimen ` `

when brought home, should be written on a label attached to the specimen or pre:
served with it.

230. To dry specimens, they are laid flat between several sheets of bibulous paper,
and lj to pressure. The paper is subsequently changed at intervals, until they
are dry.

231. In laying out the specimen, care should be taken to preserve the natural posi-
tion of the parts as far as consistent with the laying flat. In general, if the specimen
is fresh and not very slender, it may be simply laid on the lower sheet, holding it by
the stalk and drawing it slightly downwards ; then, as the upper sheet is laid over, if
it be slightly drawn downwards as it is pressed down, it will be found, after a few
trials, that the specimen will have retained a natural form with very little trouble.

the specimen has been gathered long enough to have become flaccid, it will require E

more care in laying the leaves flat and giving the parts their proper direction. Speci-

mens kept in tin boxes, will also often have taken unnatural bends which will require |

to be corrected.

232. If the specimen is very bushy; some branches must be thinned out, but always
so as to show where they have been. If any part, such as the head of a thistle, the
stem of an Orobanche, or the bulb of a Lily, be very thick, a portion of what is to be

the under side of the specimen may be sliced off. Some thick specimens may be split 4

from top to bottom before drying.
233. If the specimen be succulent or tenacious of life, such as a Sedum or an

Orchis, it may be dipped in boiling water all but the flowers. This will kill the plant —

at once, and enable it to be dried rapidly, losing less of its colour or foliage than
would otherwise be the case. Dipping in boiling water is also useful in the case

Pi Heaths and other plants which are apt to shed their leaves during the process of
rying.

thin unglazed tissue-paper. In shifting these plants into d r the tissue-paper 1$
not to be removed, but lifted with its contents on to the Paid icum ,

235. The number of sheets of paper to be placed between each specimen or sheet of*

specimens, will depend, on the one hand, on the thickness and humidity of the speer =
— ; on the other hand, on the quantity and quality of the paper one has at command. ue

more and the better the paper, the less frequently will it be necessary to change

234. Plants with very delicate corollas may be placed between single leaves of very E

INTRODUCTION, xxxiii

it, and the sooner the plants will dry. The paper ought to be coarse, stout, and unsized.
Common blotting-paper is much too tender. "

236. Care must be taken that the paper used is well dried. If it be likewise hot, all
the better; but it must then be very dry; and wet plants put into hot paper will
require changing very soon, to prevent their turning black, for hot damp without ven-
tilation produces fermentation, and spoils the specimens.

237. For pressing plants, various more or less complicated and costly presses are
made. Noneis better than a pair of boards the size of the paper, and a stone or other
heavy weight upon them if at home, or a pair of strong leather straps round them if
travelling. Each of these boards should be double, that is, made of two layers of thin
boards, the opposite way of the grain, and joined together by a row of clenched brads
round the edge, without glue. Such boards, in deal, rather less than half an inch
thiek (each layer about 24 lines) will be found light and durable.

238. It is useful also to have extra boards or pasteboards the size of the paper, to
separate thick plants from thin ones, wet ones from those nearly dry, etc. Open
wooden frames with cross-bars, or frames of strong wire-work lattice, are still better
than boards for this purpose, as accelerating the drving by promoting ventilation.

. 239. The more frequently the plants are shifted into dry paper the better. Except-
ing for very stiff or woody plants, the first pressure should be light, and the first shift-
ing, if possible, after a few hours. Then, or at the second shifting, when the specimens
will have lost their elasticity, will be the time for putting right any part of a specimen *
which may have taken a wrong fold or a bad direction. After this the pressure may
be gradually increased, and the plants left from one to several days without shifting.
The exact amount of pressure to be given will depend on the consistence of the speci-
mens and the amount of paper. It must only be borne in mind that too much pres-
Sure crushes the delicate parts, too little allows them to shrivel, in both cases inter-
fering with their future examination. A :
. 240. The most convenient specimens will be made, if the drying-paper is the same
Size as that of the herbarium in which they are to be kept. That of writing-demy,
rather more than 16 inches by 104 inches, is a common and very convenient size. A
sis size reduces the specimens too much, a large size is both costly and inconvenient

r use.

.241. When the specimens are quite dry and stiff, they may be packed up in bundles
with a single sheet p paper oe en layer, and this paper need not be bibulous.

e specimens may be placed very closely on the sheets, but not in more than sm,
layer on each sheet, and care must be taken to protect the bundles by sufficient cover-
ing from the effects of external moisture or the attacks of insects. Ge 4

242. In laying the specimens into the herbarium, no more than one species shoul
ever be fastened on one sheet of paper, although several specimens of the same species
may be laid side by side. And throughout the process of drying, packing, and laying
kl great care must be taken that the labels be not separated from the specimens they

ong to. i a

243. To examine or dissect flowers or fruits in dried specimens it is necessary to
soften them. If the parts are very delicate, this is best done by gradually moistening
them in cold water; in most cases, steeping them in boiling water or in steam 1s much
— Very hard fruits and seeds will require boiling to be able to dissect them
easily, a

244. For dissecting and examining flowers in the field, all that is necessary is a pen-
knife and a Teen of two or Mes glasses from 1 to 2 inches focus. At home it
15 more convenient to have a mounted lens or simple microscope, with a stage —
a glass plate, upon which the flowers may be laid; and a pair of dissectors, one 2
Which should be narrow and pointed, or a mere point, like a thick needle, in a handle;

other should have a pointed blade, with a sharp edge, to make clean EE
the ovary. A compound microscope is rarely necessary, except in eryptogamie 5 h y
and vegetable anatomy. For the simple microscope, lenses of 4, 2, 1, and 14 inches
m sufficient. ining the name of a plant be-

9. Lo assist the student in determining or ascertaining dud
longing to a Flora, analytical tables det be prefixed to the Orders, Genera, and

Xxxiv INTRODUCTION,

Species. ‘These tables should be so constructed as to contain, under each bracket, or
equally indented, two (rarely three or more) alternatives as nearly as possible contradic-
tory or incompatible with each other, each alternative referring to another bracket, or
having under it another pair of alternatives further indented. The student having a

lant to determine, will first take the general table of Natural Orders, and examining
Fis plant at each step to see which alternative agrees with it, will be led on to the
Order to which it belongs; he will then compare it with the detailed character of the
Order given in the text. If it agrees, he will follow the same course with the table of
the genera of that Order, and again with the table of species of the genus. But in
each case, if he finds that his plant does not agree with the detailed description of the
genus or species to which he has thus been referred, he must revert to the beginning
and carefully go through every step of the investigation before he can be satisfied. A
fresh examination of his specimen, or of others of the same plant, a critical considera-
tion of the meaning of every expression in the characters given, may lead him to detect
some minute point overlooked or mistaken, and put him into the right way. Species
vary within limits which it is often very difficult to express in words, and it proves
often impossible, in framing these analytical tables, so to divide the genera and species,
that those which come under one alternative should absolutely exclude the others.
In such doubtful cases both alternatives must be tried before the student can come to
the conclusion that his plant is not contained in the Flora, or that it is erroneously
deseribed.

246. In those Floras where analytical tables are not given, the student is usually
guided to the most important or prominent characters of each genus or species, either
by a general summary prefixed to the genera of an Order or to the species of the
genus, for all such genera or species; or by a special summary immediately preceding
the detailed description of each genus or species, In the latter case this summary i$
called a diagnosis. Or sometimes the important characters are only indicated by
italicizing them in the detailed description. À

247. It may also happen that the specimen gathered may present some occasional '
or accidental anomalies peculiar to that single one, or to a very few individuals, which
may prevent the species from being at one recognized by its technical characters. It
may be useful here to point out a few of these anomalies which the botanist may be
most likely to meet with. For this purpose we may divide them into two classes, viz. :

1. Aberrations from the ordinary type or appearance of a species for which some
general cause may be assigned.

A bright, light, and open situation, particularly at considerable elevations above the
sea, or at high latitudes, without too much wet or drought, tends to increase the size and
heighten the colour of flowers, in proportion to the stature and foliage of the plant.

Shade, on the contrary, especially if accompanied by richness of soil and sufficient |
moisture, tends to increase the foliage and draw up the stem, but to diminish the num-
ber, size, and colour of the flowers. ‘

A hot climate and dry situation tend to increase the hairs, prickles, and other pro-
ductions of the epidermis, to shorten and stiffen the branches, rendering thorny plants
yet more spinous, Moisture in a rich soil has a contrary effect.

The neighbourhood of the sea, or a saline soil or atmosphere, imparts a thicker and
more succulent consistence to the foliage and almost every part of the plant, and ap-
wem not unfrequently to enable plants usually annual to live through the winter.

lowers in a maritime variety are often much fewer, but not smaller.

The luxuriance of plants growing in a rich soil, and the dwarf stunted character of
those crowded in poor soils, are too well known to need partieularizing. It is also am
everyday observation how gradually the specimens of a species become dwarf and
stunted as we advance into the cold damp regions of the summits of high mountam-
ranges, or into high northern latitudes; and yet it is frequently from the want of at-
tention to these circumstances that numbers of false species have been added to our .
Enumerations and Floras. Luxuriance entails not only increase of size to the whole
plant, or of particular parts, but increase of number iu branches, in leaves, or leaflets
of a compound leaf ; or it may diminish the hairiness of the plant, induce thorns to
grow out into branches, etc,

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

Capsules which, while growing, lie close upon the ground, will often become larger,
more succulent, and less readily dehiscent, than those which are not so exposed to the
moisture of the soil. ` :

Herbs eaten down by sheep or cattle, or crushed underfoot, or otherwise checked in
their growth, or trees ór shrubs cut down to the ground, if then exposed to favourable
circumstances of soil and climate, will send up luxuriant side-shoots, often so different
in the form of their-leaves, in their ramification and inflorescence, as to be scarcely re-
cognizable for the same species. : :

Annuals which have germinated in spring, and flowered without check, will often be
very different in aspect from individuals of the same species, which, having germinated
later, are stopped by summer droughts or the approach of winter, and only flower the
following season upon a second growth. The latter have often been mistaken for per-

ennials

: oe e f
Hybrids, or crosses between two distinct s ies, come under the same category o
anomalous specimens from a known cause, Frequást as they are in we
they are artificially produced, they are probably rare in nature, although on t ve
ject there is much diversity of opinion, some believing them to be very — rus
almost denying their existence. Absolute proof of the origin of a plant found v la eg
of course impossible; but it is pretty generally agreed that the following particu an
must always co-exist in a wild hybrid. It partakes of the characters of its two — nie
it is to be found isolated, or almost isolated, in places where the two parents are abun
dant; if there are two or three, they will generally be dissimilar. from each other, vill
partaking more of one parent, another of the other; it seldom ripens good seed ; it w
never be found where one of the parents grows alone. 4 d deet
„nere two supposed species grow together, intermixed with numerous — la en
ring good seed, and passing more or less gradually from the one bot e 7 a Ze
may generally be concluded that the whole are mere varieties of one species. vie
sinner, however, must be very cautious not to set down a specimen as interme ong
between two species, because it appears to be so in some, even the most striking teen
racters, such as stature and foliage., Extreme varieties of one Bpocies are sone"
together by transitions in all their characters, but these transitions are not all —
ble in the same specimens. The observation of a single intermediate is per
little value, unless it be one link in a long series of intermediate forms, and, when
with, should lead to the search for the other connecting links. i; a
. 2. Accidental aberrations from the ordinary type, that is, those of which :
as unknown. : š far astray
: These require the more attention, as they may sometimes lead the erect more or
m fee for the genus, whilst the aberrations n" —
general laws, affect chiefly the distinction of species. dod ag ieee
all eng all species with Sien flowers are liable to occur occasionally with them
white, : ; US
Moor may be found even in a wild state with double flowers, that is, with a multi
Plication of petals. :
ts which haye usually conspicuous petals will occasionally appear — 7
at all, either to the flowers produced at particular seasons, or to all the flowers o
vidual plants, or the petals may be reduced to narrow slips. less of their
lowers usually very irregular, may, on certain individuals, lose more or sat diag
Á ty, or appear in some very different shape. Spurs, for instance, may
Pear, or be produced on all instead of one only of the petals. geng
ne part may be occasionally added to, or subtracted from, the usual n
Parts in each floral whorl, more especially in regular polypetalous flowers. hrodite, or
lants usually moncecious or dicecious may become occasionally — ahoia of
aphrodite plants may produce occasionally unisexual flowers by the
Stamens or of the pistils. i
ves cut or divided where they are usually entire, variegated or ue votare
are usually of one colour, or the reverse, must also be classed amongst t in for spe-
aberat ons which the botanist must always be on his guard against mus 8
Die distinctions, — ee EE err -

xxxvi

INDEX OF TERMS, OR GLOSSARY.

———$9— — —

The Figures refer to the Paragraphs of the Outlines,

Aberrations . . . . 947
Abottive: i: ys BA
Abruptly pinnate . . 43
Accessory organs . . 168
Aces 4 o.c. 54
Athene i1 x. 158
Aculeate . y. 170
Acuminate, acumen. . 47
Acute; 20795 $47
Adherent . . . 140,145
Adnate . . . .68,145
Adnate anther 114
Adventitious . sI HEI
Aerial=growing in the
air.

AEstivation : . 102
Aggregate fruit . 147
Alabastrum (bud) 214
Ale (wings) . : 87,155

Alate =having wings.
Albumen, albuminous . 162

Alburnum . 198
Anere 77... 189
Alternate. .. 32, 90
Amentum=catkin . . 76
Amphitropous . . . 134
Amplexieaul . . . 37
Amygdaloid — almond-
like.

Amyloid . vou eel OF
Anastomose , 40
Anatropous 134
Androgynous. . . . 87
Angiospermous . . . 161
Auisomerous. . . . 94
Aabe o . 1. eg
Anterior , a. PE
mE o aai 109, 114
Anthesis (flowering pe-

xc. ee V 914
Apetalous, . . . | 85

Par.
Apert: 2 . 96, 47, 115
Apiculate = with a little
point.
Apocarpous . . . . 125
Aquatie — growing in

water wok
Arboreous or arbores-

cent plants 12
Aril, arillus . 164

Arillate (having an aril) 164
EE,
Article, articulate, arti-

culation + . op DE
Artificial divisions and
charaeters , 184

Ascending ?
Acopalous eer 2:588

Assimilation . 218
Auricle eee A
Auriculate— having au-
ricdles . 50
Axil, axillary . (UP JT
Axile (in the axis) . . 132
Le, ci 4:5::198
Barren . 85, 110
Basé . . . 80,48, 115
Bast-cells , (3527-198
Nitro EE
Bi- (2 in composition). 44
Biearpellary . 125
Bidentate . 44

Zeng, 0 1$
Bid 5j E EE |
Bifoliolate e TT
Bifégnté I ox ial
Bilabiate (two-lipped) 102,

105
Bilocular . , ioo 27
Bipinnte. . . .. pag
Bisexual . , «rs BS

Par. 2

Biteriaste: . . .
Blade ,

Bracteate = having bracts.

Bracteoles . , 02
Bristles, bristly . 173 —
Bü cua 16

Büb vo oou 26 `
Badli co o: 3331 12 —

Ceespitose —tufted . .. 28. :

Callous — hardened and
usually thickened.

Calycule, calyculate . =
Calyx. . . 15, 90, 90 —
Cambium-region . GU Se
Campanulate , 104 `
Campylotropous. . . 134
Ceneseent. . < 2 PM
Capillary — hair-like

Capitate i. 15g 3 GES

Capsule . 153
Carpel 1 15,198 |
Carpophore . . , 146 |

Cartilaginous = of the
consistence of carti-
lage or of parchment.

Caruncule, carunculate. 1

Caryopties . . ee

Catkins . d z
Cauline (on the stem) : 28 ES
Caulocarpie . . . s 12 i
Cells (elementary) . . 186 —
Cells (of anthers) . . 109

Cells (of the ovary). - E

Cellular system . .
Cellular tissue . .
Cellulose . . . . *
Centrifugal . .
Centripetal . . . +
Ch . 25 248

E. o 2
Bracts, bractee 60, 77, 202 —

80 `

e

Chalaza . : 133
Character .- . 183
Chlorophyll . 192
Chromule . 192

UM. v.s

Cireumsciss . 158
Cirrhus = tendril 169
Class. . 182
Claw (of a “petal) CET

imbing stem . . , 29
Coats of the ovule 133
Coats of the seed 163
Coccus L 159
Coherent .. , . 145
Collateral — »-inserted one

by the side of the

other
Collection of €— 224
Coma , . 163

Common petiole ` Lies
Complete lower, . . 89
Compound leaf .. . . 39

Compound Siac. XE de.
Compound fruit , 147
Compound ovary 126
Compound umbel - 74
Compressed , . 54
one ,
Confluent , 117
Conical 54
Connate , vc. Ek
Connective, connectivum 109
nnivent SSIs
ntorted, convolute . 102
Cordate |. 49
Cordiform |... . 49
Coriaceous |... ... ; 5
Corky layer. . 198
Corm .: ,. 27
Corolla d .15, 90, 97
orrugate (crumpled) . 102
orymb, corymbose . 74
hab... . 173
Cotton, cottony et 173
tyledons - M FOO
Creeping , "Eu 28
Crenate, crenulate . 39
ristate = = having acrest-
like appendage,
Town of the root . 24
Cmmped. . . ; . 108
Tulaeony . 7.0. 88
egene pun 10
ulm 34
Caneate - 3

BASEL. . 45
Cupular (cup-shaped) | 136
Caspidaíe g Pel): Pa

VOL. I.

-| Cyme, cymose

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

~ r x f
Cylindrical: .. . . . 54
74

Deca- or decem- (10 in

composition . . 44, 92
Deciduous calyx . . 152
Decompound . . 43

Decumbent' .. .. . . 28
Decurrent.. 4.5. 794 oT
Decussate . ee
Definite: r .- . 89

Definitions (p. i.)
Dehiscence, dehiscent
118, 156
Dentate 10,7789
Depressed . . c UD

Descriptive Botany . (p. i)
Determinate . .
Determination of plans 24
Da. -e - 192
Di- (2 in composition) . 93
Diadelphous . . . . 113
Diagnosis . S
Dialypetalous
Dnndroüs os 74
Dichlamydeous . . . 85
Dichotomous . ;
Diclinous . . . 86
Dicotyledonous Plants ` ` du
Didymous .
Didynamous : .
Diffuse. t
Digttate . . . . . 4l
Digynous. . +

Dimerous.- . « € 998
Dimidiate q^ c eee oe 117
Diecious . . A eres
Dipetalous " . . D D 93
Disepalous . - 93
Disk uud 136

e 1196

Dissepiment . ;
Disce. ..* ^. 99
Distichons | .. . . . 82
DUM i Vu ov
Divaricate - © «: , 115
Diverging, divergent 115, 145
Divided : " 89
Pokalon the bidi

Double flowers: .. «+ 97
Down, downy ‘`. . 178
Drape e. se 157
Dry fruits PU UPON
Duets . Pee at hd hs)
Duramen . (ox a 199
Ear T 4 L eS 76
Rehinate . 4° 3% B

xxxvii

Par.

Elaborated sap . MT
Elementary cells and tis-

Bugs c EEEN a 24:198

Elliptical .. . . . . 46
Emarginate .. . . . 47
Embryo 162, 166
Endocarp.. . . 4 57157
Endogens, endogenous
pants . 2°. 4195
Endogenous stem < 199
Endosmose. . . . . 217
Ennea- (9 in composi-
üd)- 5. i. 5798

Entire... . 39
Epiarp . . 4. + 157
Epidermis . . 173,193
Epigynous . . + 140
Epigynous disk . . . 144
Epiphyte .. . . « * 14
Erect . ; 28
Exalbuminous (without
albumen) . .° .

Examination of plauts . 243
Exogens, ^ exogenous

plants . . . « «195
Exogenous stem . . 198
Exserted . . 113
Extrorse 4 7e 18

Tult... 3:04

Families . 181
Farinose . S178
Fascicled, fascieulate 32
Fastigiate. . . + 74
Fecula e" wx ee eye 192
Female ro D D D LI 85
Fertile . 42V cB

NN. 05 28
Fibrous root... . . 20
Fibro-vascular system . 193
Filament . . 109
Filiform = thread-like.
Fimbriate — fringed.
Flabelliform — fan-shaped i
Phy. . v v
Flocecose . e e
Floral envelope. . + 15
Floral leaves .. - 61

Flowers . 15, 84, 213, 219
Flowering plants . . 10
Foliaceous = leaf-like.
Follicle . 159
Foramen . o 9 133
Forked ..- « « * * 33
Foveolate. . » + 108
Free 89, 182, 140, 145
Fruit . . 15, 146, 222
e

xxxviii

Par.
Frutescent, Srubiogen eae

Function . » MET i
Funicle (funiculus) . . 164
Funnel-shaped. . 104
Furrowed . . 173

Fusiform = spindle-
shaped o o 5. 40594

Gamopetalous
erger ee ee 09

Genus, genera 180
Germ, germination. . 215
Gibbous: . . 105
Glabrous . SITE
Glands»... 175,906
Glandular-setose . . 173
Glaucous . . i P
Globose, globular — Ta
Glochidiate es at oe
Glume cg 83
Glutinous 173
Grain . 160
Gymnospermous „101
Gynobasis, gynophore . 143
RAE o o. 188
Hairs . . 171, 205, 223
Eege ee 4 Quo
Head . Xy Ta
Heart-wood . 198
Hepta- (7 in composi-
hon .. voe

Herbaceous perennials SUN E
Herbarium... . . 224
Hermaphrodite . . . 85
Heterogamons . . 87
Senf (6in composition) 92

ie... Ttt
Hirsute S , 173
Hispid SE 173
Hoary . 3 s 378
Hom Woo 87
Hooks. . A d 169
Hybernaeulum , 23
Hybrids A 247
Hypoerateriform(salver.
heaped) seein s 10M
Hypogynons . . 140

Imbricate, imbricated 58,102

Imparipinnate , , 43
Moperfect. . s -e 03
Incomplete . . . . 84
Indefinite . i 92
Iudehiseent . 156
Indeterminate "m ri
Indumentum 171

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par.
Induplicate . . . . 102
Enfenor — aci 140
Inferior radicle . . 167
Inflorescence. . . 66
Infundibuliform (funnel-
shaped) . 104
Tnnate anther 114
Insertion . 140

Intemode. . Get
Interrupted = or ra-
ceme . > SE
Introrse . .
Involuere, inyolucel. ane
inc oo aS
Ireguirt. $ 9 .::::90
lepmerons > . |... 9

Joint, joining . . . 54
Jugum, juga—pairs. .

Koran
AKunb-.——. . Que 535

Leblhun.. ..
EENDEESL. 5 599
DIU .. E
Lanate— woolly .
Leneeolalé > . ... 45
Lateral. . 91
Leaf, leaves 15, 35, 200, x
Leaf-bud . *

Lese — 5 5 Z
Leaf-opposed. . . . 67

Legume 160
Lepidote . . 172
Liber . 198, 211

li Bees = strap-shaped.

Limb . EUROPAE HE LITT
Lmesr. . x

tip lipped . . . . 105
Lobe, lobed . cr aq
Loeuhecdal . . ... 158
Lowe. . , 91
Lunate = crescent-shaped,

Lyrate . pe |

Be oo Lu s 8b

Mareescent , i 4 25
Mealy . Cus x ER
Medullary | rays and
NEED... `
Membranous . s wa. BÓ
Micropyle . . . . 165
M . . 40
Monadelphous 2C St

Moaandrous `...
Monliform . . ... 54

Par.
Mono- (1 in gäe
no. c 3
Monocarpellary . . . 125

Monocarpic . . . . 12
Monochlamydeous . . 85
Monocotyledonous SS? y
Monecious . .

Monogynous . de
Monopetalous . 100
Morphology . 8, 88

Mucronate . . . . 41

Multi- (many, or an in-
definite number, iu
composition . . . 44

Moricate e ee HS
Nahed. . . . 85,101
Natural divisions and
characters. . . . 1
Natural Order beu LS

Navieular — boat-shaped.

MY o... 138 t

EN... . di

Net-veined sia ... dd -

Nenter = ce a

Node . ... e . MEN

Novem- (9 in cone
tion)

Nucleus of a cell. . 191 :
Nucleus of the ovule . 133
Nut : os AB

Obcompressed .. . . 54 —

Obconical. . . . . 84
Obeordate

Oblong . ..
Obpvate . . .

Obowid , . , .- EB

Obpyramidal. . . +

"E
Obtuse oe gx RD

Oct- or octo- (8in com-

position) . . . 44, 92 ;

Ofset.. ,

D

Opposite e e 32 :

Orbicuar. . . «.» @ e

Order i cm e RR wee 181 am

TPO ncn tke 2 oe

Organogenesis . . 218

Organs of vegetationand
reproduction e

Orthotropons

Oval . e

Ovary, .

Ovate . .

Leid: eg

Ovule .

./. M E
Oblate. . . ... » EM

De

a.

ee ee a a ee

ee EET i RT I A

a

Pas xo 1908
Pale, palee . . . 82
Paleaceous — of a chafty
consistence.

Palmate , . 41, 42
Palmatifid, palmatisect. 42
Panicle, paniculate ice AN
Papillæ oindik gorbea
ZEE a s
Parallel veins . . . 40
Parasite io de d. E
Parenchyma. . . . 188
rn
Bette... V4

Pedate . 41, 42
Pedatifid, pedatisect . 42
Pedicel 70

Pedicellate=ona dnd.

Peduncle . L S 68

Pedunculate=on a pe-
duncle,

ZR rer "

Penicillate . 130

Penta- (5 in composition) 92
epo 24:100

_ Perennials Duo uu I

Perfect flower . .

Perfoliate . ‘ : $
Perianth . 15, 98, 202, 220
Pericarp Wa e . 154
Perigyuouss . . . , 140
Perisperm ee Aë
Pérsitent.. ..., 2 145
Retonte. . .. . 105

| I RM

Petiole `` ` ` 85

Petiolule . , S 39

Pheenogamous, phanero

thea ae
M85. SE 79

Phyllodium —a flat pe-
PB with no blade,

OSE MON. € s
A2... d ux ph
BM... 143

MM, pinnatisect , 42

istil , 15, 90, VP 203, T
stillate ,

Pih , cT

Placenta, placentation . 131

Plant , 6

Mints ° n
Plumose , EU
Plumule 166
lari-= several, i in com-
SH Hen,
Plurilocular . . . , 126

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Par.
Ed . . -.. sd
Bodocarp > > - ime MO
Pollen . 109, 119
Poly- (mazy, or an in-
definite number, in
composition . . . 92
Polyadelphous . . . 113
Polyandrous . . .92,112
Polygamous . . . . 86
Polygynous .
Polypetalous. . . . 100
Rome... ...+«.. «sae
Posterior... « .« MI

Preefoliation. . 57
Preservation of speci-
mens: EEF . 224

Prickles: nae
Primine . . . . + 138
Procumbent . . . . 28
Proliferous . . . + 17
Prosenchyma |. . .188
Prostrate +... .. + «28
Protoplam . . . . 191
Pubescent, puberulent . 173
Pulvinate (eushion-

shaped) >» . 136
Punctiform = =like a point

or dot.
Putamen . . + +
Pyramidal . . . Bé
Pyrengs . .. "xt

Quadri- (4 in compet:
Bon ..- e
Quincuncial . . - - 102
Quinque- (5 in ——
sition) . 44
Quintuplinerved . - . 40

Race D LI H " * T 178
Raceme, racemose . . 74

Rachis. . . . . 99,08
BUM . 1 e o4 38
Radicle 242 108
Raphe. . + + . 134
Raphides D D E bal 192
Receptacle m . hd 14, 135
Reduplicate . . . . 102
Regular LJ * LI LI * 95
Reniform. . z 51
Resupinate . . . . 105

Reticulate . . e 40
idum . . . «a M
Howe... 10

Rhachis . . . . 39,68
Riek ao. ne (UPS
Rhizome D D * 21, 24

Rhomboidal . . . . 45
Eis . . 29. HMM
Ribbed. . Wo wo. TM
Ringent . . . 105
Root 15. 15 196, 207, 216
Rootstock . S 24
Rostrate = beaked.

Rosulate . We
Rotate e D 9 Iw D D 104
Rudimentary. . . . 84
Rugose . . 173
Runcinate. . . Sr T
Runner . . . 90

Bem ..,.-. 5
Sagittate . . . . . 90
Salver-shaped . . . 104
Samara . . -
SS 0 2
aped . . . ss Ae
Sareocarp. . . . . 157
Sarmentose . . . . 28
Scabrous . .. . =
Scales. . 58, 59,172, 201
Scaly bulb . . + . 26
Sealy surface. . . . 172
Scape... E
Scariose, solicit S
Scattered . > . . «88

Scion KS TT 30
Scorpioid cyme . . 74
Section . . + . .182
Secund Ca it MA
Seeundme .. . . . 183
Seed * * kd LE Lé LI 161
Segment . . . . . 39
Sepals. . . . 90
Septem- (7 in composi-
Em e; 44
Septicidal. . . 158

Septum = partition . . 126
Serrate, serrulate . . 3

Sessile. . « GETE
Seta, setæ (bristles) lie
Setaceous (bristle-like). 54
Setose (bearing bristles) 173
Sex- (6 in opoo 44

Sheathing - + + 37
bebe .. s r EN
Silicule, siliqua . . . 160
Silver grain . . + * 198
Simple . ee? 39
SinudMée . « = + * 39
Si «9 «+ DU
Smooth . + + * sid
Spadx. . » + > 7

Spatha e 81

xl

Spathulate `. 45
Species VF
Specimen . 225
Spherical . 54
Spike, eats 74
Spikelet - . 16
Spinous 170
Spiral vessels 188
Spur, spurred `. 105
Squamee = scales 58
Squarrose. . 58
Stamens’. 15, 90, 108, 203
Staminate 85

Staminodia . 110
Bahb. c cns . 192
Stellate -. =. . 104
Stellate hairs IT

Stem 15, 28, 197, 2 210, 217

Stem-clasping ` tet. Sy
Sterile E wt
. e E
EN. vei
Stipes, stipitate . . . 65
SH oe 08
Stock: -i 16, 22
Stole, stolon 23, 30
Stomates . +. . 194
Stone; stone-fruit . 157
Striate oo ls
Strigose, strigillose . ATS

Strophiole, strophiolate 164
Style. Se oe eee
Sub =a/most, or under,
in composition.

Subclass, suborder . `, 182
Submerged = under water.
Subulate . . .
Been. y V... 55

Succulent fruits . 157
Sucker =. +. e 30
biezerme suffruti-
0085... V. ES
SUR 5.7.0... s IV
Sulcate 173
Sapen e CEA
Superior radicle . . 167

Superposed — inserted one
above the other.

"GLOSSARY OF TERMS,

Par.
Summe E . 189
Symmetrical. . >» 89
Synandrous . - . ... 112
Syncarpous . 125
Syngenesious . 113

Systematic Botany (p. xxiv.)

Taproot SE
Teeth . 39, 101
Tegmen . 163

gett. .. .; PAIN

Terete . e 54
Ternate e 32, 41
Terrestrial = growing on
the-earth 72 55v

Ten. (19531068
Tetra (4 in composition) 22
Tetradynamous. .

Thorns ot Gëff WEE D LI n
Throat WE GREEN HM H 104

Thyrsus, thyrsoid . .
Tissues (elementary)

Tomentose .. . . . 178
Toothed 39
ors . voy» S VIS
Trees . 12
Tri- (3 in composition) 4 Ad, 92
Tribe. 182
Trichotomous 33
Trifid . 41

Trifoiolate .. .... . 41
Trigonous . ..
Tripinnate
Triplinerved .
Triquetrous . .

Tristichous . 32
Truncate . 4T
Trunk. -. 18
Tube . 101, 104

Tuber, tuberous: 20, 25, 204

Tuberculate . . . 173
Tubular .. *. -, 104
THREE pe ee i X88
Tunicated bulb. -. 27

Turbinate = top-shaped 2
Twiner ... i
Twisted -. -. :.

i ` 108
Type, typical t

. 181

Par.
Umbel, umbellate, um-
belle. ... . 7788; 18

Umbilicate . . . .178
Umbonate . 178
Uncinate — hooked.

Undershrubs . 12
Undulate . 39
Unequally pinnate- . 43

Unguiculate . . . . 107
Unguis (claw) . 107
Uni- (1 in composition) 44
Unilateral (one- — ra-

cemes.. . . 74
Unilocular ...... . 126
Unisexual . 86
Unsymmetrical . 94

er

Urceolate . j 104
beer 158
Valvato . . . e 1085
Valves... E 188 —
Variety ...... . . EM
Vascular tissue . . 1983

Vegetable Anatomy . 8,186 —
Vegetable Chemistry 3
Vegetable Homology or
Metamorphosis . . 8
Vegetable Physiology 8, 207
Veins, veinlets, venation M

- 149

Vernation . :
Versatile anther .
Verticil, verticillate .
Vessels

Virgate = twigey
Viscid, viscons
Vitta, vittæ "s.
Viviparous . .
Xoluble-.. -a 5»

Wart, warted
Wavy 2
Whorl, set
Wing, ‘winged .
Wood

Woody id e
Wool, woolly

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS. .

Crass I. DICOTYLEDONS.

Stem, when perennial, consisting of a pith in the centre, of one or more
concentric circles of woody tissue, and of the bark on the outside. Embryo
with two cotyledons, the young stem in germination proceeding from be-
tween the two lobes of the embryo or from a notch at its summit.

The above characters are the most constant to separate Dicotyledons from Monocotyle-

^5; these two great classes have, however, each a peculiar habit, which in most cases is
easily recognized. AN Australian trees and shrubs, except Palms, a few Ferns, and Bam-
boos, and a few others with linear grass-like leaves, are Dicotyledons ; so also are almost all
plants with opposite, or whorled, or netted-veined leaves, or with the parts of the flower in
fours, fives, or eights, or with indefinite stamens, all these characters being very rare in
Monocotyledons,

(The following list of Orders contained in this first volume is intended to show the
arrangement adopted. The characters given are not absolute, nor without exception, and
are inserted for the purpose of calling attention to one or two of the most striking or most
important features of each Order. In some cases, where an Order is. represented iu
Australia only by some anomalous genus, its exceptional character is placed iu a parenthesis.
An analytical key to the Orders will be given at the close of the work.)

SUBCLASS I. POLYPETAL.
Petals several, distinct (wanting in a few genera, very rarely united).

^ SERIES I. THAČAMIFLOR®.—Torus small or elongated, rarely expanded
ma disk. Ovary superior. Stamens definite or more frequently indefinite.

Alliance (Cohors) I. Ranales.—Stamens indefinite, or if definite, opposite the
Pals. Carpels distinct or united at the base only, superior, or rarely enclosed in a
Jleshy torus. Embryo small, in a fleshy albumen. 2 `

(Carpels united in Zupomatia and Nymphea. Embryo large, without albumen in some

enispermacee and in Nelumbium.)

I. Ranuncunace x, Herbs with radical or alternate leaves, or climbers with opposite
leaves, No stipules. Sepals usually coloured and deciduous, Petals in a single series or
none. Stamens indefinite. No arillus. :

IL Diutentacea. Shrubs or undershrubs with alternate leaves. No stipules. Sepals
bei) herbaceous and persistent. Petals in a single series. Stamens usually indefinite.

odes an arillus or strophiola, p :

SE

2 DICOTYLEDONS,

III. Macnottace®. Shrubs or trees, with alternate leaves, Petals indefinite. Stamens
indefinite. No arillus. (Calyx entire in the bud, irregularly split.) :

IV. ANONACEX. Shrubs, trees, or woody climbers, with alternate leaves. No stipules.
Sepals 3. Petals in 2 series of 3 each (excepting Ewpomatia, where sepals and petals are
combined in a mass). Stamens indefinite. Carpels indefinite. Albumen ruminate.

V. MENISPERMACEX. Twiners, with alternate leaves. No stipules. Flowers small,
diceious. Sepals in 2 or more series of 3 or 2 each. Petals smaller than the inner sepals,
or none. Stamens definite, opposite the petals. Carpels 6 or fewer. ; i

VI. Nympna#acem. Aquatic herbs, Leaves usually peltate. Sepals or petals indefinite,

or rarely in threes. Stamens indefinite. Carpels free or united, the ovules not in the
inher angle.

Alliance II. Parietales.—Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary syncarpous, with
2 or more parietal placentas, either 1-celled, or incompletely divided by the placentas pro-
truding in the cavity, or divided by false dissepiments connecting the placentas, Ovules
usually several to each placenta, rarely solitary.

VII. Paraveraces. Herbs, with alternate leaves. No stipules. Sepals 2. Petals 4. `:
Flowers regular, with indefinite stameus, or irregular, with diadelphous definite stamens.
Albumen copious. Embryo small. ;

VIII. Crucirer%. Herbs, with alternate leaves, No stipules. Sepals 4. Petals 4.
Stamens 6, tetradynamous or rarely 4. Placentas 2, connected by a false dissepiment, No
albumen. Embryo curved. |

IX. Cappartpe®. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Stipules often prickly. Sepals 4 (2 outer `
ones sometimes united). Petals 4 (rarely more, or none, or united). Stamens indefinite, —
or if few, not tetradynamous, Placentas 2 or more. No albumen. Embryo curved.

X. VroLarrex, Herbs or shrubs. Stipules herbaceous or small. Sepals 5. Petals 5
(often irregular). Anthers 5, on short filaments, connivent or connected in a ring round `
the pistil. Placentas usually 3. Albumen fleshy, Embryo rather large.

XI. BrxiwEX. Trees or shrubs. Stipules none. Sepals 5 or fewer. Petals various,
often none. Stamens indefinite. Placentas 2, 3, or more (meeting in the axis in Cochlo-
spermum). Albumen fleshy. Embryo rather large.

Alliance III. Polygalinese.—Sepa/s and petals 5 each, rarely fewer. Stamens 4
the same number or twice as many, or fewer when the flowers are irregular. Ovary usually —
2-merous (although in most genera occasionally 8—5-merous), partially or completely

divided into as many cells. Ovules indefinite, or solitary with a superior micropyle- : :
Albumen fleshy. "E

XII. PiTrosPOREJ, Trees, shrubs, undershrubs, or twiners, with alternate leaves. No
stipules. Flowers regular or oblique. Stamens as many as petals. Embryo minute. | |

XJI. TREMANDRE. Shrubs often heath-like, with alternate or whorled or opposite E
leaves. No stipules. Flowers regular. Stamens twice as many as petals. Embryo s

or minute.

XIV. Potycatem®. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, with alternate leaves. No stipules.
Flowers irregular. Stamens monadelphous. Embryo rather large, sometimes almost oF
quite without albumen. E

Alliance IV. Caryophylline:.- ` Sepals or ealyz-lobes 5 or fewer. Petals 5 % e

Sewer. Stamens as many or twice as many, or indefinite. Ovary \-celled, with centrat ` `

placentas (except Frankenia). Albumen mealy. Embryo curved, or rarely straight when d
the albumen is scanty.

(Ovary half-inferior in Portulaca.)

XV. FmawkENIACE&. Small or prostrate undershrubs, or herbs, with small opposite —
leaves. No stipules. Calyx angular, toothed. Petals isomerous with the calyx. Stamens
definite. Placentas parietal, : d

XVI. CanvorHYLLEX. Herbs, rarely undershrabs, with opposite entire leaves. Stipules `

none or scarious. Calyx toothed or sepals free. Petals isomerous with the calyx. Stamens `
definite. Placentas ceutral. e i s E

DICOTYLEDONS. — 3

` XVII. Porruracræ. Herbs, often succulent, with alternate or opposite leaves. Sti-
pules scarious or changed into hairs. Sepals 2. Petals more numerous than the sepals.
Stamens indefinite or rarely definite. Placentas central.

Alliance V. Guttiferales.—Sepals imbricate, Petals as many as sepals, or rarely
more. Stamens indefinite (except Elatineæ). Ovary divided into cells, with axile pla-
centas.

XVIII, EraTINEX. Herbs or undershrubs, with small opposite leaves, Stipules small.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens definite.

XIX. Hypericinex. Herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves. No stipules. Flowers
hermaphrodite. Stamens indefinite.

XX. Gurrirerz. Trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves. No stipules, Flowers poly-
gamous or unisexual. Stamens indefinite.

Alliance VI. Malvales.—Sepals valvate (except Echinocarpus). Petals as many
as sepals, or none. Stamens indefinite or monadelphous (except Lasiopetalem). Ovary di-
vided into cells with azile placentas.

XXL Marvacgx. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually pre-
` sent. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers 1-celled. ;
XXII. -Srercuntacra. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually
ding T omn monadelphous, or, if free, definite and alternating with the petals, An-
ers 2-celled.
XXIL. Tittacea. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with alternate leaves. Stipules usually
present. Stamens indefinite, free, or scarcely united at the base. Anthers 2-celled.

Grups IL. Drscrrrtoms.— Torus usually thickened or expanded into a
disk, either free or adnate to the ovary, or to the calyx, or to both, rarely
reduced to glands, or wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals,
or fewer. Ovary superior, or partially immersed in the disk, divided into
cells with axile placentas, or the carpels distinct. e

(Stamens indefinite in a very few exceptional species. Ovary inferior or enclosed in the
calyx-tube in most Rhamnee ; l-celled in some Olacinee.)

. Alliance VII. Geraniales.—Disk within the stamens, OF coca iae
staminal tube, or reduced to glands, or obsolete. Gynæcium lobed or ap A Get
— entire. Ovules usually 1 or 2 in each cell, 1 or both pendulous with a v
rap. a
XXIV. Linez. Herbs or shrubs, with undivided alternate leaves. Stipules often Ko
a: e small, glandular, or none* Ovary entire. Ovules usually 2 in each cell. 7
umen fleshy, rarely wanting. : i
XXY. Miseni te “Woody climbers (rarely trees or shrubs), with opposite ek
alternate) leaves, Stipules present. Two glands on the outside of some or all the calyx-
lobes (wanting in the Australian genera). Disk not large. Gynecium lobed or a p
Ovules solitary in each cell. No albumen. i :
XXVI. ZycornyLLEæ: Herbs or shrubs, usually articulate or succulent, without ved
dular dots. Leaves 9.foliolate or pinnate, rarely simple. Stipules present. ——
Ovary angular or lobed. Ovules 2 or more in each cell Albumen erar divided
XXVII, Gerantacea, Herbs or shrubs, articulate or not, with toothed, id to r
Compound leaves without glandular dots. Stipules usually present. Disk Arie y^
egen or obsolete. Ovary angular or lobed. Ovules 1, 2, or rarely more in each dag
men none or rarely fleshy, i
XXVIII, BEE is or shrubs, very rarely herbs, with Ki gier itp
Yes, always marked with pellucid glandular dots. No stipules. Disk within » amens;
Ovary rarely entire, usually lobed or the carpels distinct, with the styles connate or gyn
"inm entirely apocarpous. Ovules 2 in each cell. Albumen fleshy or none. 2t

4 DICOTYLEDONS.

XXIX. SIMARUBE®Æ. Characters of Rutacee, except that the leaves are not dotted and d
the ovules are usually solitary in each cell. ‘Taste generally bitter.

XXX. BURSERACEJE. Trees or shrubs, not dotted, but with a balsamic juice. Leaves
pinnately or ternately compound. No stipules. Disk free or adnate to the calyx-tube.
Ovary entire. Ovules usually 2 in each cell. Albumen none. Cotyledons much folded or
rarely thick and fleshy.

XXXI. Metiace®. Trees or shrubs, with compound or rarely simple leaves. No sti-
pules. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers sessile or rarely stipitate within or on the top of
the staminal tube. Ovary entire, Ovules 2 in each cell. Albumen none or fleshy.

Alliance VIII. Olacales.— Disk various or none. Ovary entire. Ovules 1 to 3 in
a solitary cell, or 1 in each cell, pendulous with a dorsal raphe, the integuments not dis-
tinct from the nucleus. Seeds solitary in the fruit or in the cells. Albumen copious.

XXXII. Oractnex. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs or climbers. No stipules.
Petals or corolla-lobes valvate (except Vil/aresia). Ovary 1-celled or incompletely 3- to 5-
celled. Fruit 1-seeded.

XXXIII. IniciNE. Trees or shrubs. No stipules. Petals or corolla-lobes imbricate.
Ovary 3- or more celled,

- Alliance IX. Celastrales.— Disk thick and fleshy or adnate to the calyx, the
stamens outside or upon it. Ovary entire (except Stackhousia). Ovules 1 or 2 in each
cell, erect with a ventral raphe.

XXXIV. CELASTRINEJX. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules none, or, minute
and deciduous. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals spreading. Stamens alternating with the
petals or fewer. Ovary entire.

XXXV. SrACKHOUSIEJ. Herbs or undershrubs, with simple leaves, Calyx-lobes im-
bricate. Petals erect, usually connate. Stamens alternating with the petals, Ovary lobed.

XXXVI. RHAMNEA. Trees or shrubs, with simple leaves. Stipules usually present.
Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals small, concave (or none). Stamens opposite the petals, Ovary
entire, often inferior.

XXXVII. AMPELIDEX. Climbers, with simple or compound leaves, the petiole usually
expanded into a stipule. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Petals valvate. Stamens opposite the
petals. Ovary entire. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo small.

Alliance X. Sapindales.— Disk fleshy or adnate to the calyx, within or under or
outside the stamens. Gynecium entire, lobed or apocarpous. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell,
ascending with a ventral raphe, or reversed, or suspended from an erect funiculus, or pen-
dulous with an inferior micropyle.

XXXVIII. SaPINDACE A. Trees, shrubs, or climbers, with compound or simple leaves. —
Stamens anisomerous with the petals, or twice as many as petals or of the same number, ` —
often (but not always) within the disk. Style 1. Ovules ascending. ; F

XXXIX. ANACARDIACE#, Trees or shrubs, with compound or simple leaves. Stamens ,
as many or twice as many as petais, never within the disk. Ovules suspended from an erect
funicle or from the top or side of the cell with an inferior micropyle.

Orver I. RANUNCULACE.

Sepals 3 or more, most frequently 5, usually petal-like and deciduous.
Petals of the same number or moie, or sometimes none, or very small and
deformed. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, free. Authers innate. Gynæcium `
of several carpels, usually free; ovules anatropous, either solitary and as-

ending, with a ventral raphe, or pendulous with a dorsal raphe, or several — `
Fruit of one or more indehiscent achenes or berries, or follicular capsules, thè `
distinet styles usually persistent as short points, or lengthened into long,

I. RANUNCULACE X. 5

often bearded tails, Seeds without any arillus. Embryo very small, near
the base of a copious albumen.— Herbs either annual or with a perennial
rootstock, or creeping stolons, with radical or alternate leaves, or climbers
with opposite leaves. Leaves entire, or palmately or pinnately lobed or
divided, the petiole often dilated and sheathing at the base, or rarely accom-
panied by stipular appendages. Hairs, when present, simple. ^ Flowers
regular (or in a few genera, not Australian, irregular), terminal or leaf-opposed,
varely axillary, solitary paniculate or racemose.

„The Order is chiefly numerous in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, rare
within the tropies, and not represented by many species in the southern hemisphere. The
Australian ones are all extratropical, and belong to genera more numerously represented iu
the north.

Trise I. Clematidese.— Sepa/s valvate. Carpels indehiscent, with Y pendulous ovule
or seed in each. Stems often climbing. Leaves opposite.

Petals none ;

Trise IL. Anemonese.—Sepals imbricate. Carpels indehiscent, with | pendulous
ovule or seed in each. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate or forming an involucre
below the flower.

Petals none, Involucre below the flower. Achenes in a short head + + 2, ANEMONE.
Petals minute, narrow. No involucre. Achenes very numerous, Im a
long, close, slender spikes edo IEEE

Triebe ITI, Ranunculeze.—Sepals imbricate. Carpels indehiscent, with 1 ascending
ovule or seed in each. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate.
Sepals deciduous, Petals 3, 5, or more . . . . + + + + + + 4 RANUNCULUS,
TRIBE IV. FIelleborese.— Sepals imbricate. Carpels usually opening along the inner

edge, containing several ovules or seeds. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate.
Petals none . 5. CALTHA.

. 1. LENA,

D H . D D D H . .

8. MYOSURUS.

. LI LI H D D D D LI H H * .

1. CLEMATIS, Linn.

Sepals 4, or rarely 5 to 8, petal-like, valvate in the bud. Petals none, or
smaller than the sepals, and passing gradually into the stamens. Carpels
many, with one pendulous ovule in each. Achenes capitate, sessile, or scarcely
stipitate, terminating in a plumose or simple tail, formed by the persistent
and enlarged style.—Stem woody and climbing, or rarely dwarf or prostrate.

ves opposite, pinnately or ternately divided into three or more petiolu-
late segments, or rarely simple, the petiole often twisted or twining. Flowers
axillary or terminal, solitary, or in panicles, which are shortened branches
With the leaves reduced to small bracts, and often polygamous or —

Ala enus, di ions both of the New and the Old World,
rare vitis the tms rg ii ex E ELT v all endemie, although one is —
connected with a South Pacific one. They have all simple or once- or twice-ternately divi
leaves, diccious, apetalous, white or cream-coloured flowers, the males usually WË
ovaries, the females with a few imperfect stamens, and the carpels of all have plumose tails.

Anthers linear or oblong, tipped by a subulate or oblong appendage.
9ody climbers, Leaflets mostly once or twice ternate.
Auther-points slender. Leaflets almost coriaceous, when ‘stat
large usually toothed, when small twice ternate . . . 1. C. aristata.
Anther-points very short. Leaflets usually 3, rather large,

thin, and entire . . Qu 3. C: glycinoides,

e LI

6 I, RANUNCULACEA. (Clematis.

Stem prostrate, creeping, or shortly erect. Leaves simple or
with 3 leaflets. Flowers large, usually solitary. Anther-
tips very short . uu eur ayes E fee PN

Anthers short, without any appendage.

Leaflets ternate, rather large, loosely pubescent underneath . 3. C. glycinoides,

var. suhmutica. H

2. C. gentianoides.

Leaflets mostly twice ternate, small or narrow, glabrous or
guecly pubescest. a e bi wt soos or o on eo C, pticrophylla,

1. C. aristata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 147. A woody climber,
trailing over rocks and bushes, or ascending into tall trees, glabrous, or softly
pubescent, especially on the inflorescence. Leaves mostly on long petioles,
and divided into 3 petiolulate segments or leaflets, varying from ovate-cordate
to narrow-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long, usually
irregularly toothed when large, entire when small, and of a firm consistence
when full grown, but some of the leaves near the base of the flowering
branches are occasionally simple, and others have often twice ternate leaflets.
Flowers white or yellowish, usually in short panicles or clusters in the upper
axils. Sepals 4, or very rarely 5, oblong or linear-lanceolate, usually ¢ to
1 in. long when fully out, glabrous or pubescent. Anthers oblong-linear,
tipped by a subulate appendage, often as long as the cells, usually rather
shorter, but seldom so short as in the two following species, the outer anthers
on long filaments, the inner ones almost sessile. Achenes numerous, ovate
or lanceolate, pubescent or glabrous, with a plumose tail often attaining 14 in. |
—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 3; Bot. Reg. t. 238. 4

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 273, and others, and southward T
to Ilawara, Backhouse and others ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Moist forest localities, chiefly along banks of rivers and rivulets as far west
as the Grampians, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Huegel, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1344, 1345, and 1346,

and others; from King George's Sound to the northern parts of the colony, Herd. F.
Mueller.

The different forms assumed by the numerons specimens we have of this species may be
classed under the following principal varieties :— :

«. coriacea. Leaflets large, usually once ternate. Flowers often pubescent or villous.
Carpels pubescent.— C. coriacea, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 146; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm, i. 2.—From
Port Jackson to Tasmania.

b. blanda. Leaflets usually small and often twice ternate (sometimes incompletely so, the
leaves appearing at first sight simply pinnate with 5 leaflets). Flowers and carpels glabrous.
C. clitorwides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 158; C. Manda, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 241; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 3.— South coast of Victoria and Tasmania,

c. occidentalis. Like a, but usually more pubescent, with narrower sepals and shorter
appendages to the anthers; some western specimens cannot however be distinguished from
some of the Port Jackson ones.—C. pubescens, Hueg. Enum. 1; C. elliptica, Endl. im ` `
Hueg. Le: C. indivisa, Stend. in Pl. Preiss. ii, 262, not Willd.; C. discolor, Steud. Lg,
C. cognata, Steud. Le, 263; C. Gilbertiana, Turez. in Bull. Mose, 1854, ii. 273.— West

Australia.

2. C. gentianoides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 159. Believed by F. Mueller
to bea variety of C. aristata, but, if so, it is so strongly marked a one as to
have all the appearance of a distinct species. The stem creeps underground,
throwing up short tufts of flowering branches, or lies prostrate on the ground,
to the length of 3 or 4 feet at most. Leaves usually simple or with 3 seg-

Clematis.] I. RANUNCULACE.E. | 7

ments, large, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, and firm. Flowers large, usually
glabrous, solitary, or few in loose clusters. Anther-appendages short. Achenes
villous, narrow.—Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 5 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. t. 8.

Tasmania. Not so common as C. aristata, but found in various parts of the colony,
always in poor soil, J. D. Hooker. i

3. C. glycinoides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 145. A woody climber, very
near to those forms of C. aristata which have simply ternate rather large
ovate-lanceolate or cordate leaflets, but these leaflets are usually of a thinner
consistence, often broader, and quite entire or rarely with a single tooth near
the base. Flowers usually smaller, the sepals narrow, from } to 3 in., pubes-
cent or rarely glabrous. Anthers rather shorter, with a very short obtuse
and almost gland-like appendage. Achenes glabrous or pubescent, usually
narrower than in C. aristata, with tails of about 2 in.— C. stenosepala, DC.
Syst. Veg. i. 147. ;

Queensland., Keppel Bay, R. Brown (a form with 3 large broad segments).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Port Macquarie, 2, Brown and others ; Lord Howe
Island. From the latter station we have a small specimen, gathered by Milne, with the
foliage of Brown’s specimen from Keppel Bay, Another female specimen, gathered in Lord
Howe Island by I‘Gillivray, who states it to be very abundant there, has several of the
leaves large, sinsple, and orbicular-cordate, with 7 to 9 nerves. This connects it very closely
with C. coceulifolia, A. Conn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1. iv. 260, from Norfolk Island,
Which has most of the leaves simple and orbieular, and with C. Pickeringit, A. Gray, in
Bot. Amer, Expl. Exped. i. 1, from the Fiji Islands, which has three large leaflets. All
ix plants have similar floral characters, and may not unlikely prove to be varieties of one

es.

Var. ? submutica, Leaf-segments loosely pubescent underneath, sepals shorter, broader,
and more villous than in the other forms, anthers short, tipped by a minute gland or entirely
without appendage, as in C. microphylla.—Clarence river and Brisbane river, Herb. fF.
Mueller, upon whose authority I insert it as a variety of C. g/ycinoides, the specimens being
35 yet insufficient to determine whether it may not really be a distinct species.

4. C. microphylla, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 147. A tall woody climber, with
the habit of the dé eso) GH of C. aristata. Leaflets mostly
twice ternate, narrow, from ovate-lanceolate or oblong to nearly linear,
3 to 1 in. long, but sometimes simply ternate and larger and broader,
or three times ternate and much smaller. Flowers rather smaller than in
C. aristata, usually numerous in short panicles. Sepals cream-coloured, from
oblong-lanceolate to narrow-linear, mostly about i in. rarely near l in.
long, glabrous or pubescent. Stamens with unequal filaments as 1n C. aris-
fata, but the anthers are always very shortly oblong or ovate and very oim
without any terminal appendage. Achenes of C. aristata, but usually Bi
thicker, often wrinkled or warted margins and longer tails.— F. no S

Viet. i. 4; C. linearifolia, Steud. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 4, é. 1; C. ste-
nophylla, Fras. ; Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Aust. 368. ;

Queenslan itchell ; Moreton Bay, Herb. F. Mueller. :

N. s. Wales. E Zeche es care interior, 4. Cunningham, Fraser, - —

ictoria, South coast, R, Brown; not rare along the coast and on the bauks
"ME sea, much less frequent inland, P. Mueller. Und: ded
asmania. Sandhills, George Town and Flinders Ts gem just along the coast,

s. Banks of the Torrens, Whittaker, and
F. Mueller, i

Si
13
S

8 I. RANUNCULACEJE. ( Clematis.

"V. Australia. King George's Sound, Collie; Swan River, Drummond ; Preiss, n,
1343.

Var. occidentalis. Carpels narrower and seldom wrinkled, with tails often of 3 to 4
inches. Sepals usually long and narrow.— C. linearifolia, Steud. in P], Preiss. ii. 262. Ap-
parently the usual form in West Australia.

Var. leptophylla, Y. Muell. Leaf-segments very small and narrow. Trailing over gra-
nite rocks on the Snowy River and Mitta Mitta, F. Mueller.

2, ANEMONE, Linn.

Involucre of 8 or more leaves or lobes either close to the flower or on the pe-
duncle below it. Sepals 4 to 20, petal-like. Petalsnone. Carpels indefinite,
with 1 pendulous ovule in each. Achenes in a globular or oblong head, gla-
brous or woolly, pointed by the persistent style, which is sometimes lengthened
into a bearded tail.— Herbs, with a perennial rootstock. Leaves radical, eut
or lobed. Scapes radical, leafless except the involucre. Flowers terminal,
variously coloured, but not bright yellow. Stamens shorter than the sepals.

A large genus, chiefly dispersed over the temperate or mountainous regions of the northern
hemisphere. A few species are found in South America and southern Afriea, but they are

further removed even than some of the northern ones from the Australian one, which is
strictly endemic. à

l. A. crassifolia, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 257. Radical leaves on rather long ` )

petioles; segments 3, distinct but sessile, obovate or almost orbicular, from
i to 3 in. long or rarely 1 inch, more or less deeply divided into 3 or more
broad obtuse lobes, thick and almost succulent or coriaceous, glabrous or
sprinkled with rigid appressed hairs. Scape 6 to 8 in. high, clothed with
appressed hairs, especially in the upper part. Involucre rather above the
middle, irregularly divided into 2 or 3 sessile lobed segments. Sepals usually
6 or 7, white, ovate or obovate, 1 to 2 in. long. Achenes in a globular head,
glabrous, rather inflatéd, terminating in a glabrous point about two lines
long, hooked at the extremity.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 4.

Tasmania. Mountains of the Black Bluff range and west of Cape St. Clair, at an ele-
vation of 4000 to 5000 feet, Gunn, Milligan.

3. MYOSURUS, Linn.

Sepals usually 5, produced below their insertion into a small spur. Petals
5, small and very narrow, almost tubular at the top, often wanting. Carpels
numerous, with one pendulous ovule in each. Achenes closely packed in a
long slender spike, flat on the back, or with a raised nerve ending in the short `
persistent style.—Small annuals with linear radical entire leaves. Flowers ` |
very small, on leafless scapes. 2

, A genus comprising, besides the following, only one other species, M. aristatus, Geyer, dis-
tinguished by the more prominent and spreading points of the achenes, which although.

originally described from North America and from Chili, has also been found in New Zea-
land, and may not improbably appear in Australia,

L M. minimus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 25. Leaves sometimes not au
inch long, sometimes attaining 2 or even 3 inches, including their long pê-
tiole. Scapes shorter or longer than the leaves. Sepals yellowish or pale `
green, very small; petals rarely longer than the calyx, and in the Australian. m

Myosurus. | I. RANUNCULACER, 9

specimens often deficient. Stamens usually 4 or £, and seldom above 10.
Achenes sometimes near 300, the head lengthening into a spike of 1 to 2
inches, which has been compared to a mouse's tail. —F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 4;
A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 8; M. australis, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 6.

Victoria. Moist places near permanent waters, or open places where rain-water lodges
from time to time, F. Mueller.

The species is widely spread over Europe, temperate Asia, northern and western America,
and may possibly have been introduced into Australia,

4. RANUNCULUS, Linn.

Sepals usually 5, deciduous. Petals as many or more, usually marked with
à small nectariferous pit, or a minute scale near the base. Carpels several,
with a single ascending ovule in each. Achenes in a globular or ovoid head
or oblong spike, tipped or beaked by the persistent hooked or straight style.
— Herbs either annual or with a perennial rootstock, and tufted entire or
variously cut radical leaves. Flowering stems either a leafless scape, or several-
flowered, bearing few leaves and chiefly at the base of the peduncles. Flowers
yellow, white, or red.

Ala nus abounding in the temperate and colder regions of both the northern and
southern Seated, M uh past in the Sne and almost confined in the
tropics to the higher mountain ranges. The Australian species have no peculiar character,
but belong to the three principal sections of the genus, and two at least are specifically iden-
tical with widely-spread northern species.

Sect. 1. Batrachium. — Carpels transversely wrinkled. Water-plants with their
leaves when submerged finely divided into segments. Flowers white. l. R. aquatilis.

SEcr. 2. Hecatonia.—Carpels smooth. Perennials (in Australia) with a tufted
rootstock, or creeping or floating stolons. Flowers white or yellow. - ;
Radical leaves pinnate, with narrow-linear, entire or divided, rather

distant segments.

Rootstock a cluster of short thick fibres. Stems mostly 2-flowered,

longer inv the leaves. (Fl. yellow?) . . REC 2, R. Robertsoni.
tock tufted with long fibres. Scapes 1-flowered, shorter š
„the leaves, Fl. white. 3 CE Ze en . 3. R. Millani.

cal leaves orbieular, with numerous overlapping lobes. Stem-
leaves similar but sessile. Flowers large, white specie E
cal leaves with numerous narrow-linear segments, pinnate but
crowded at the top of the petiole. Flowers yellow. :
Carpels numerous, tapering into a beak either straight or slightly
hooked. Petals narrow, often more than 6.
Sepals from 2 to nearly as long as the petals . . + + + +
Sepals not half so long as the petals . s o + + + + +
els with a much recurved point. — Leaf-segments less crowded.
QORRMAB E ee oe
Radical leaves pinnate, with flat segments or digitate. Flowers yellow.
Stems tufted or erect or decumbent, without stolons. Petals
usually 5,
lyx appressed or spreading, not reflexed. See à
Carpels with a much recurved point. Plant hispid, or silky
airy, or nearly glabrous. Leaves pinnatisect, or 3- to 5-
lobed, or entire e 0 uic me dedi
. Carpels numerous, tapering into a straight or slightly hooked
ak. Leaves thick, entire or 3-lobed, silky underneath,
with long tubereular hairs above Ve Ed

5. R. Gunnianus.
6. R. dissectifolius.

7. R.lappaceus, var.

7. R. lappaceus.

8. R. Muelleri.

D

10 I, RANUNCULACEJE, (Ranunculus.

Calyx reflexed. Stem weak, hirsute. Leaves not pinnate.
PENES 2 . ins EE
Stems creeping, floating, or stoloniferous. Plant glabrous or nearly
so. Leaves digitate. Petals usually 6 to 10 . . . . . 10. R. rivularis.
Sect. 3. Echinella.— Carpels tuberculate or muricate or hispid on the sides.
Annuals. Flowers yellow.

Flowers lateral, sessile, or on peduncles shorter than the leaves.
Hairy plant, with very small flowers, often sessile. Carpels usually

9. R. plebeius.

about 1 line long, with a small recurved point . . . . . . ll. R. parviflorus.
Glabrous plant. Flowers all pedunculate. Carpels much muricate,
2 lines long or more, witha stout beak . . . . . . . . R.muricatus.(p.15.)
Flowers terminal, pedunculate . . . A . . « « — Rphilonotis.(p.15.)

1. R. aquatilis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 26. A most variable species,
easily known by its stem either floating in water or creeping in half-dried
mud, by its white flowers and very small ovoid carpels marked with transverse
wrinkles. It is always glabrous, excepting sometimes the carpels and their
receptacle. In the Australian specimens the leaves are all submerged and
divided into numerous very fine linear segments ; in northern ones, there are
frequently also a few upper leaves spreading on the surface of the water, which

are rounded and more or less cut into 3 or 5 wedge-shaped, obovate, or —

~

rounded lobes. Peduncles axillary and l-flowered. Petals 5 or sometimes
more, white, without any scale or spot at the base ; in most Australian speci-
mens they are scarcely longer than the calyx, and the stamens are very few,
but sometimes the petals are fully twice as long, and the stamens numerous.
—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 5. ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 5.
Victoria. Bacchus Marsh, Murray river, Mitta-Mitta river, ete., F. Mueller.
Tasmania. Lake river, near Grindelwald and Formosa, Gunn ; South Esk river and
"near Evandale, C. Stuart. z
S. Australia. Near Adelaide, on the Lowèr Murray river, etc., Bekr, F. Mueller.
The species is abundant in the waters of the northern hemisphere.

2. R. Robertsoni, Benth. Alied to R. Millani, but distinguished
from all Australian species, and in some measure connected with some of the
European ones by its rootstock consisting of a cluster of short thick fibres.
Radical leaves usually 2 or 3 in. long, pinnately divided in their upper por-
tion into a few rather distant narrow linear segments, which are often again
divided into 2 to 5 lobes, not unlike those of R. Millani, glabrous or with à
few silky appressed hairs. Flower-stems often 2-flowered, 3 to 8 in. high, with
1 or 2 narrow and not much cut leaves. Flowers rather large, appearing
yellowish in the dried specimens, but possibly white. Sepals not half so long
as the petals. Petals 5, obovate, with a small glandular pit. Achenes im
an ovoid head on a slender glabrous receptable, glabrous and smooth, tapering
into a long and slightly hooked beak.

Victoria. Forest land near the Glenelg, and in Nangela Vale, Robertson.

3. R. Millani, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 358, and Pl. Viet. i.
6. A dwarf tufted perennial, with long clustered fibres, occasionally emitting
a short stolon terminating in another tuft. Leaves all radical, 1 to 2 m.
long, pinnately divided in their upper portion into a few narrow-linear seg-
ments either entire or again divided, most of them terminating in a $m
gland, glabrous or hispid, with a few long hairs. Scapes 1-flowered, leafless,

Ranunculus.) I. RANUNCULACEA. i 1l

shorter than the leaves and often very short. Flowers white, although some-
times appearing yellowish when dry. Sepals not above half as long as the
petals. Petals 5 to 10, obovate or oblong-cuneate, the glandular pit very
small. Achenes in a globular head with a short recurved style; receptacle
hairy, very short.

Victoria. Gravelly places on most of the summits of the Australian Alps, F. Mueller.

4. R. anemoneus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 97, and PI.
Vict. i. 1. t. 1. A rather stout perennial, hirsute with long soft hairs, or
glabrous. Rootstock thick, with long clustered fibres, and bearing several
broad thin scales at the base of the leaves and stems. Radical leaves on long
petioles of 5 to 10 in., nearly orbicular, 2 to 4 in. diameter, deeply divided
into 3 or 5 segments, which are again digitately cut and lobed, the segments
overlapping each other so as to make the leaf appear peltate, the ultimate
lobes short and lanceolate. Stem 9 in. to 1 ft. high, 1- to 3-flowered, with
à sessile, deeply-lobed, nearly orbicular leaf at the base of each peduncle.
Flowers large and white. Sepals 5 to 7, rarely more than half the length of
the petals. Petals usually numerous, oblong-cuneate, often 2 in. long, the
glandular pit rather large. Carpels numerous, in a globular head, tapering
Into a straight or searcely hooked beak. ,

Victoria. Along springs near the summits of the Munyang mountains, F. Mueller. A
very distinct species, allied in some reSpects to Æ. nivicola, from New Zealand, but readily

own by the sessile stem-leaves.

5. R.Gunnianus, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 244. 1.133. Rootstock thick,
Sometimes horizontal or shortly creeping, with long fibres. Leaves all radical
and glabrous, or with a few long hairs, the petioles varying from 2 to 6 in.,
pinnately divided at the top into crowded linear or linear-lanceolate segments,
most of them again once or twice divided, all thicker and firmer than in R.
Milani, mostly tipped by a small gland. Scapes leafless and 1-flowered,
Usually longer than the leaves, silky hairy, at least at the summit. Flowers rather

e, yellow, but often, especially the sepals, purple outside. Sepals nearly

as long as the petals, glabrous. ‘Petals 5, 6, or rarely more, cuneate-oblong,

to 9 lines long, usually with three glandular pits, the central one rather

longer than the other, but sometimes only 1 and occasionally 5 pits to each

Peta. Carpels numerous, in a globular head, with a conical triquetrous or

flattened beak, not hooked at the point.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 5; F. Muell.
Pl. Viet, i. 9.

Victoria, Grassy places throughout the greater portion of the Australian Alps at an
elevation of from 4500 to 7000 ft., F. Mueller. h

Tasmania, Hampshire hills, Western mountains, Ben Lomond, and as far north as
Mount Lapeyrouse, etc., at about 4000 ft. elevation, Lawrence, Gunn. diegr

The arge loose grains of the albumen mentioned by Hooker, do uot appear to be in their
on mal state; for I find the albumen of apparently quite ripe seeds, dense and fleshy as in
Other Ranuneuli.

6. R. dissectifolius, F. Muell. Herb. Considered by F. Mueller 2
à variety of R. lappaceus, but it appears to me to be more nearly allied to A.
"nanus, and although intermediate, as it were, between the two —
yet separated from both by characters not to be neglected. Leaves divic s
Mto numerous linear lobes and segments, crowded at the top of the petiole,

12 I. RANUNCULACE®, [ Ranunculus.

and often tipped with a gland, especially when very narrow, and achenes nu-

merous, with straight or scarcely hooked beaks, as in R. Gunnianus. Hairs

usually copious and spreading, and sepals not half so long as the petals, as m
R. lappaceus. Scapes usually l-flowered and leafless, or with a single leaf.
Petals more than 5, usually 8 to 10, narrow, the glandular pit usually very
faint and sometimes quite imperceptible.

Victoria. Wet alpine meadows of the Munyang mountains, at an elevation of 5000 to
6000 ft., F. Mueller.

7. R.lappaceus, Sm.; DC. Prod. i. 39. A perennial more or less
clothed with soft spreading or rarely silky and appressed hairs. Rootstock
short, with long fibres and no stolons. Leaves chiefly radical, on loug pe-
tioles, usually divided into 3 or 5 deep lobes or segments, ovate or rhomboid-
cuneate, either pinnately distinct or, if confluent, almost palmate, although
the middle lobe is generally longer than the lateral ones, each lobe or segment
is often again lobed or toothed and sometimes much cut into narrow lobes,
more rarely the leaves are all entire or shortly 3-lobed. Flowering stems

either a leafless 1-flowered scape or branching and erect or decumbent, bear- ` |

ing several flowers and a few leaves, smaller and less divided than the radical
ones. Flowers of a rich yellow. Sepals hairy or rarely glabrous, usually

much shorter than the petals, appressed or open, but not closely reflexed. —

Petals usually 5, broadly obovate and rather-large, with a small glandular pit
near the base. Carpels in a globular head, compressed or rarely turgid, gla-
brous and smooth, with a recurved style, usually short, but longer and slender
in some western specimens.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 6; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 7;

R. colonorum, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 1; R. discolor, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i.

263 (calyx certainly not reflexed).

= S. Wales. Port Jackson and in the interior, apparently common, X. Brown and
others.

Victoria. Grassy places, from the lowlands to the limits of eternal snow; here and

there also in boggy and swampy localities, F. Mueller.

Gunn.
S. Australia. In the pasture lands, Behr.

W. Australia. In sandy shady woods not far from the sea, Preiss, n, 1347. Black- n

wood river, Oldfield.

_ The following forms, all united by F. Mueller with R. Zappaceus, and certainly appear-
ing sometimes to pass into the common one by intermediate gradations, are nevertheless
sufficiently well characterized to be considered at least as marked varieties .—

Var. pimpinellifolius. A small plant, with spreading hairs. Leaves all radical, distinetly

pinnate, with usually 5 short, broad, 3- or 5-lobed segments. Scapes 1-flowered, leafless OF
with one small bract. Pit of the petals usually distant from the base. R. pimpinelli- —

folius, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 243, and le. Pl. t. 260. R. Airtus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. t
6, but scarcely of Banks and Solander, which has the reflexed calyx and narrow petals

R. plebeius.— Australian Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, in moist places chiefly in the moun-
tains, Gunn, including an alpine form, with much smaller petals.

Var. scapigerus. Very villous. Leaves all radical, short and broad, deeply 3- or 5-lobed,

with obovate cuneate lobes, the middle one scarcely longer than the lateral ones.

1-flowered and leafless, or few-flowered with small leaves. Flowers small. Calyx almost S

Teflexed.—R. scapigerus, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 244; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 7.—Australia®
Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, mountains, Gunn. Th

: is form seems to pass almost e

R. plebeius as to technical characters, but the habit is very different,

Tasmania. Very common all over the island up to the highest summits, J. D. Hooker, |

Ta

Ranunculus. | I. RANUNCULACES. 13

Var. subsericeus. Hairs all appressed and silky. Leaves usually narrow, entire, 3-lobed
or pinnately divided into 3 or 5 entire segments. Scapes 1-flowered.—Summits of the

pan Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, in the Hampshire hills and Western Mountains,
unn.

Var. manus. Dwarf and nearly glabrous. Leaves all radical, usually 3-lobed or of 3 seg-
ments. Flowers small, on short scapes.—R. nanus, Hook. Journ. Bot, i. 242 ; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. 1, 7; BR. cuneatus, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 242 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1, 8.—Australian
Alps, F. Mueller. Tasmania, alpine districts, summits of the Western Mountains, Arthur's
Lakes, ete., Gunn.

3. R. Muelleri, Benth. Allied to R. lappaceus, var. subsericeus, but the
achenes are too different to admit of its being united in the same species, at
least until better known. Leaves all radical, undivided, entire or coarsely
3-toothed, oblong or cuneate, 3 'to 1 in. long, very thick, covered on the upper
surface with long hairs proceeding from tubercles, and underneath with
appressed short silky hairs. Scapes l-flowered. Flowers nearly of R. lap-
paceus. Sepals very obtuse, not half so long as the petals. Petals 5, narrow-
obovate. Achenes numerous, in a dense globular head, narrower than in A.
lappaceus, and attenuated into a rigid, straight, or scarcely hooked point.

Victoria. Summits of the Munyang mountains, F. Mueller.

9. R. plebeius, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg.i. 288. Hirsute with spreading
or rarely nearly appressed hairs. Radical leaves on long petioles, digitately
divided into 3 deeply lobed and toothed cuneate or rhomboid segments.
Stems weak, decumbent or erect, often abové a foot long and branched, with
afew leaves, the lower ones more divided than the radical ones, with the pri-
mary segments petiolate, the others smaller, more sessile, and less cut.
Flowers several, small, on long peduncles. Calyx reflexed, shorter than the
petals, very deciduous. Petals obovate or oblong, seldom above 2 lines long.

chenes few or numerous, more or less compressed, rather small, with a
hooked or recurved slender style.—Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 263; A. Airtus,
Banks and Sol. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 289; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 8.

N. S. Wales. Pot Jackson, R, Brown, and northward to the Hastings river.

Victoria. Moe Swamp and Snowy River, Narracan river and Baw-baw mountains,
F. Mueller.

W. Australia. In the interior, Preiss, n. 1348. nou
The New Zealand A. hirtus, Banks and Sol., appears to be a slight variety of this species.
A closely allied South African one has a rather different foliage, and the carpels often tuber-
te or muricate, which never occurs in Australian specimens ; it passes under the —
e d EE Poir., which was originally given to an East se oe? near oh ir
aps identical with the Cape species, and that again almost passes into some European ones ;
ut I = not think that any emie New Zealand R. hirtus cau be absolutely identified
plebeius,

, 10. R. rivularis, Banks and Sol. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 210. Stems creep-
ing or stoloniferous, producing at every node tufts of radical leaves and erect
Scapes, or weak slightly branched flowering stems, rarely forming short
thick rhizomes. Leaves on long petioles, digitately divided into 3, 5, or 7
Segments, varying from cuneate to narrow-linear, rarely entire, usually 3-lobed,
and sometimes much cut, but never pinnate, either quite glabrous, as well as
- the whole plant, or rarely with a very few appressed hairs. Flowers yellow,

14 I. RANUNCULACE®. [ Ranunculus.

usually small, the sepals not reflexed. Petals 6 to 10, about twice as long a5
the sepals, or 5 only in small-flowered varieties, narrow-oblong. Achenes
rather small and broad, with a firm or slender recurved or rarely nearly
straight point, not tubercled or muricate.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 8.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

N. S. Wales. Abundant about Port Jackson, Herd. Hooker.

Victoria. In swamps, rivulets, marshes, or inundated places” from the coast to the
higher Alps, as well in brackish as in fresh water, F. Mueller.

Tasmania, Abundant in wet places, sometimes growing in deep water, J. D. Hooker,
Gunn. . e
S. Australia. In swampy lands, Behr. ; extending to the Darling and St. Vincents
Gulf, but rare in the Colony, F. Mueller. F

. This very variable species is recognizable in perfect specimens by its creeping or floating
stolons; where these are wanting, the glabrous digitate leaves and narrow petals are the
best marks of distinction from the R. /appaceus. The following are the most marked forms
it assumes,

Var. major. Tufts erect. Leaf-segments $ to 1 in. long or more, often very narrow and
much cut, on petioles of 2 to 6 inches. Flowers rather large.— R. inundatus, R. Br. m
DC. Syst. Veg. 1, 269. R. glabrifolius, Hook. Journ. Bot. i, 243 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 9.
R. incisus, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 1, 10. t. 4. s

Var. subffuitans. Very slender and creeping, or half floating in large masses, with small
leaves, not much divided, and small flowers and achenes.—R. rivularis, Banks and Sol. in
DC. Syst. Veg. i. 270. R. inundatus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 8.

Var. inconspicuus. Still smaller, with very small flowers.—Z. inconspicuus, Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 9. t. 2 B ; Gunn, n. 1018, 1019.—4n alpine form, which in the dried state might
be confounded with some of the minute specimens of R. lappaceus nanus.

The New Zealand specimens appeareidentical with the Australian ones. The nearest ap- .
proach to it in other countries is the Antaretic- American R. biternatus, Sm.; but that
has biternate petiolate leaf-segments, and thick broad, almost reniform achenes, very
different from those of any Australian specimens I have seen. R. acaulis, Banks, from
New Zealand and from Auckland Islands, referred to R. rivularis by F. Mueller, comes cer-
tainly near to the var. inconspicuus, but appears to me to be distinct, although perhaps
reduced form of R. Aifernatus, The New Zealand R, macropus, Hook., is also supposed by
F. Mueller to be a variety of R. rivularis, but is too different in several points to be admi
without having seen connecting specimens.

1l. R. parviflorus, Li»; DC. Prod. i. 42: var. australis. A
slender hairy annual, either with tufted erect stems of a few inches, or weak,
procumbent, and lengthening to a foot or even more. Leaves small, or-
bieular, the lower ones often only 3- or 5-lobed, but mostly divided into
three segments, either entire or 3-lobed, or again cut into narrow segments. -
Flowers small, leaf-opposed, sessile, or on short slender peduncles. Sepals
rarely above 1 linelong and very deciduous. Petals 5 or fewer, seldom mue
longer than the calyx. Achenes in a small globular head, much compresse H
with a smooth margin, seldom much exceeding a line in breadth in Australian `
specimens, the sides covered with short hairs, or tubercles, or short hook
bristles, the style forming usually a very short recurved point, more rarely
rigid and dilated at the base.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 9; R. sessiliflorus, R. Br.
in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 302; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 9; R. collinus, R. Br: Lë
i. 271; R. pumilio, R, Br. l.c. i. 271; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 10; 2. leptocaw-
lis, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 244; R. pilulifer, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 600.

eensland. In water-holes on the tops of the ranges in the interior, Mitchell.

- S. Wales. Moist pastures and banks of rivers and ns, R. Brown and others `
Victoria. Common in similar stations, F. Mueller. Mete

Ranunculus.) I. RANUNCULACEJ. 15

Tasmania. R. Brown, common, J. D. Hooker, Gunn.

W. Australia. Drummond.

The Australian variety above described, which occurs also in New Zealand, has smaller
flowers aud achenes, and they are more frequently sessile than in the usual typical form,
which is widely spread over Europe.

R. muricatus, Li»».; DC. Prod. i. 42.—A densely-tufted annual, much larger and

coarser than R. parviflorus; leaves much longer and usually less divided; flowers larger,
yellow, on leaf-opposed peduncles ; carpels flat, much muricated, fully 2 lines long, with a
flat, stout, recurved beak : a common weed in southern Europe and many parts of Asia, has
now become wild about Melbourne.
R. philonotis, Retz; DC. Prod. i. 4l. An annual, with 3-lobed or divided leaves
like some of those of R. parviflorus, but larger and less hairy, and with much larger yellow
flowers on terminal peduncles, with a closely-reflexed calyx: a common European species,
has been found near the seacoast at Southport, in Tasmania, by C. Stuart.

5. CALTHA, Linn.

Sepals 5'or more, coloured and petal-like. Petals none. Carpels several,
sessile, distinct, bearing several ovules in a double row along their inner an-
gle, opening into follicles when ripe. Seeds obovoid; testa crustaceous,
smooth, the raphe usually very prominent.—Glabrous, tufted, or stoloniferous
herbs. Leaves mostly radical, entire or crenate, with palmate nerves, cor-
date at the base, or sagittate with the auricles or basal lobes turned upwards
over their face. Scapes 1-flowered and leafless, or few-flowered with a small
leaf at the base of each peduncle. Flowers yellow or rarely white.

The gengs Ze confined to the temperate and cold regions of both the northern and southern
hemispheres. The southern ones are almost always distinguished by the turned-up basal

lobes of the leaves. The only Australian species is endemic, unless it prove a variety of the
New Zealaud one.

l. C. introloba, P Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 98, and Pl.
Vict. i. 10. A dwarf, glabrous, somewhat succulent perennial. Rootstock
thick, often elongated, producing numerous stoutish fibres. Leaves all radi-
cal, the petioles 4 to 3 in. long, with broad, sheathing, membranous bases,
formipg a stem-like sheath, reaching to half their length, the blade hastate-
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 1 in. or rather more in length, the 2 basal lobes
turned over the upper surface, often reaching above half its length. Scapes
1-flowered, sometimes scarcely exceeding the leaf-sheaths, sometimes 6 to 8
in. high, Sepals 5 to 8, linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 lines long. Stamens usually
‘ew. Carpels sometimes 5 or 6, sometimes above 20, ovate-falcate or shortly
oblong, 2 to 3 lines long, and the outer ones almost horizontal when ripe,
tipped by the persistent and usually straight style, containing 3 to 5 seeds.—
Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. ii. 355.

p Victoria, In gravelly places irrigated by the melting suows in the Australian Alps,
` reier,
asmania. Western Mountains, Archer. Da es
Very closely allied to the C. Nove-Zelandic, Hook. f., from New Zealand, which indeed
i only to differ in its broader and shorter leaves and recurved styles. Tt cesi
Zon flowers, whilst the Australian one has them white, perhaps only when fading ; ^

Hi difference in the colour of the flowers ocenrs in different plants of €. palustris in the
imalayas,

16 : II. DILLENIACEE.

Order II. DILLENIACEZ.

Sepals usually 5, persistent, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5 or rarely
fewer, deciduous, imbricate in the bud. Stamens hypogynous, indefinite, few
or numerous, or rarely definitely 10, free or rarely united in clusters. Anthers
innate or adnate. Gyncecium of carpels several, free and distinct or cohering

at the base, or rarely single and excentrical, 1-celled, with 1 or more ovules |

in each. Styles qnite distinct and diverging. Fruit-carpels either indehis-
cent and succulent, or opening along the inner edge, or in two valves. Seeds

furnished with an arillus; testa crustaceous, Embryo very small, at the base

of a fleshy albumen.—Trees, shrubs, climbers, or herbs. Leaves alternate or

very rarely opposite. Stipules minute or none. Flowers usually yellow or
white.

A considerable Order, of which rather the larger portion, with regularly pinnate veins pro-
minent on the under side of the leaves, is entirely tropical, and represented in Australia by a
single species of Wormia. The remainder of the Order, forming the tribe Hidbertiee, with
the midrib of the leaf alone prominent, or rarely with reticulate veins, is almost entirely

Australian, there being besides only one species known from New Caledonia and two from `
Madagascar. ü x

Anthers elongated, opening in two pores at the top. Trees with large
* leaves, with raised parallel veins underneath. . . . . . .
Anthers opening longitudinally. Undershrubs, shrubs, or rarely climbers.
Leaves with a prominent midrib and obscure or reticulate veius.
- Perfect stamens free or nearly so, more than 10, or, if fewer, on one
side of the pistil . EE uu uno 2. HIBBERTIA.
Stamens united in 5 clusters, or in 3 clusters with two separate stamens 8, CANDOLLEA.
Perfect stamens 10 or fewer, in a complete ring round the pistil.
No staminodia within the perfect stamens . . . . . . . . 4. ADRASTAEA.
Two staminodia within the perfect stamens. Branches leafless. . 5. PACHYNEMA.

l. Wormia.

1. WORMIA, Rottb.

Sepals 5, spreading. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, with erect linear an-
thers opening at the summit in two pores, the inner ones often longer and
recurved. Carpels 5 to 10, scarcely cohering, with several ovules in each,
dehiscent when ripe.. Seeds with an arillus.— Trees often very lofty. Leaves
large, with raised parallel veins diverging from the midrib, the petioles often
bordered with narrow deciduous wings. Flowers large, in loose te
panicles.

A tropical genus, extending over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago, with one
Madagascar species. The only Australian one is endemic.

1. W. alata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg.i.434. Glabrous, or the young
parts very slightly hoary. Leaves oval or nearly orbicular, rounded at both
ends, 4 to 8 in. long, entire or slightly sinuate, rather rough to the touch,
with about 9 prominent veins on each side of the midrib and transversely
reticulate veinlets, the petiole 1 in. long or more, with longitudinal wings
about 1 line broad, which fall off in the greater part of their length. Te:
duncles terminal, not usually exceeding the leaves, bearing 2 or 3 large
flowers on pedicels of nearly 1 in. Sepals 6 to 8 lines long, ovate, concave,

— pre

D

Wormia.| Il. DILLENIACEJE. 17

eliate. Petals obovate, 14 in. long, narrowed at the base. Stamens very
‘humerous, the inner. ones. long and. recurved, the others shorter, and the
outermost sometimes small and barren. Gyncecium of 5 to 8 glabrous carpels,
| tapering into long recurved styles. Ovules 6 to 8 in each carpel.
Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks, A. Cunningham ; Cape York, M'Gillivray.

2. HIBBERTIA, Andr.

(Hemistemma, Pleurandra, and Hibbertia, DC. ; Ochrolasia, Zurez. ;
.Hemistephus, Drummond.) ` `

- ` Sepals 5, spreading, sometimes shortly united at the base. Petals 5.
Stamens indefinite, rarely fewer than 12, and then usually all on one side of
the carpels, either all perfect or some of them reduced to staminodia, all free

or the filaments shortly and irregularly united at the base; anthers erect, ob-

long, or rarely ovate or orbicular, opening in longitudinal slits. Carpels
usually 2 to 5, rarely solitary or more than 5, free or shortly cohering on
| their inner edge, with 2 to 6 or rarely only 1 or more than 6 ovules in each.

_ Styles filiform, diverging, terminal or almost dorsal. Fruit-carpels usually

ehisvent at the top. Seeds reniform or nearly globular, with an entire or
divided arillus.—Shrubs or undershrubs, usually much branched and low,
erect or- procumbent, sometimes almost herbaceous or climbing, rarely 5 or

6 feet high. Leaves ustially small, alternate in all the Australian species,

with a midrib prominent underneath, the lateral veins reticulate and rarely

prominent. Flowers yellow or white, solitary and terminal, or (owing to the

shortness or abortion of the flowering shoot) apparently axillary sessile in a

[ tuft of floral leaves or pedunculate. :

| - Besides the Australi i two known, both from Madagascar, belong-

g to the section pouch somniis Be NURA The species of the first three _

E LM following sections are usually distributed into two separate genera, Hemistemma and

: eurandra, the Hemipleurandras being referred sometimes to the one, sometimes to the

; but their characters appear to be much less im t and less conformable to habit

. Was originally supposed, and I have followed Mueller in uniting them with Hi:
ertia as sections only.

in

.. Stcr.l. Ffemist d inodia all on one side of the
Eu emma.— Perfect stamens and staminodii :
arpels, the staminodia outside. ide mostly 2- or more-flowered, except in H. ver-
ge —All tropical species except H. verrucosa.

= wd or lanceolate, flat or the margins slightly recurved,

€s obtuse,
Leaves with recurved margins, narrowed into a petiole, rusty- E
brown underneath, Sepals obtuse . á . 1, H. Banksi.

ves flat, closely sessile with a rounded base, white under-

Lea saib. Sepals acute SE SR . 2. H. Browne.
Ps acute or mucronate, white underneath. re
pikes terminal, several-flowered ` 8. H. dealbata.

4 ba Peduncles lateral, 2- or 8., rarely l-flowered. . . . -~ & ae oe

: Le narrow-oblong or linear, the margins revolute.
ve oblong-linear, thick, about 3 in. long. à; :

saves and calyx glabrous or scabrous with stiff stellate hairs.

1 peduncles lowered ` `... nd wëlt vil
ves tomentose underneath. densely and ët? vi On

3 Peduncles mostly 9. or isle: e x er CN 7. H. SS

i verrucosa.

*

18 Il. DILLENIACEJE. [ Hiblertia.

Leaves narrow linear, about 1 in. long. :
Hyde Oo ceo WU. coe woe ooo Ho Msellens:
Glabrous. Leaves white underneath . . . . . . . . 5. H. angustifolia.

(Hemistemma ? Leschenaultii, DC. Syst. Veg. i, 414, is a species of Beyeria.)

Sect. II. FXemipleurandra.— Perfect stamens all on one side of the carpels ; sta-
minodia 2 or 9 on each side of them, or more numerous and continued round the carpels,
very rarely any outside the perfect stamens.-—All western species.

Peduncles bearing 2 or more sessile flowers in a one-sided spike.

Leaves glabrous. Staminodia completing the ring of stamens . 9. H. spicata.

Leaves or sepals hirsute. Staminodiafew . . . . . 10. H. polystachya. |
Peduncles 1-flowered.

Leaves oblong or linear, very obtuse, stellate-tomentose or hoary

underneath.
Leaves mostly above 1 in., the margins scarcely recurved.
Ovules A... e canei ast do baie odore hoo yobs, Ho ffuracen,
Leaves mostly 4 in., the margins much revolute. Ovules 2 . 12. H. Aypericoides.
Leaves rigid, glabrous.
Leaves short, convex, reflexed . . . . . . . +
Leaves narrow-linear, the margins very closely revolute.
Leaves 2 to 4 lines, whitish, obtuse or recurved at the end 14. H, reeurvifolia.
Leaves mostly $ in., straight, obtuse . . . . . . . 15. H. lineata.
Leaves very pointed = e s.s v - + » e» » 16. H. acerosa.
Flowers sessile. S
Plant glabrous or nearly so. Leaves mostly 4 in. Sepals shining 17. H. aurea.
Leaves very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, hoary. Sepals pubescent 18. H. crassifolia.

Secr, III. Pleurandra.— Stamens all on one side of the carpels without any stami-
nodia. Peduncle l-flowered or none.—Species all southern and eastern except H. pedun-
culata and H. mucronata, which are western.

Leaves obtuse or with a callous point, oblong or linear.
Flowers sessile.
Leaves with flat or slightly recurved margins, glabrous or
slightly hairy. .
Calyx. glabrous, i. o> Eu yrs «and = odece cxi D ME ee

Calyx very villous ub asin - ~ + 20, H. bracteata.
Leaves with their margins much revolute.

Leaves softly pubescent or villous, oblong or linear.
Sepals 3 to 5 lines. Floral leaves usually as long or
longer. Petals broadly obeordate. . . . . . . 91. H. sericea.
Sepals 2 lines. Floral leaves small. Petals narrow . 22. H. hirsuta.

Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, glabrous or scabrous . . . 23, H. stricta.
Flowers pedunculate.

Ovules 4 or more in each carpel.
Leaves obovate, oblong, or shortly linear . . . . . . 2
Leaves narrow-linear.
Stems virgate, or with numerous ascending branches, or
divaricately branched. Calyx glabrous, stellate-tomen-
tose, or, if hirsute, pedicels very short > . . . . 28. H. stricta.

Stems prostrate. Calyx hirsute, on rather long pedicels 24. H. humifusa.
Ovules 2. Peduncles delis. . d seen f

eecht zo oblong, or shortly linear. Peduncles usually
sho í

Leaves narrow-linear. Peduncles slender, A to 1 inch.
Stems diffuse. . . . . . . . . . 6 . . .98. H. gracilipet.
Leaves narrow-linear, very acute, mostly pungent.
Flowers on slender peduncles. Stems procumbent or diffuse.
Leaves much revolute or nearly terete, slightly pointed . . 26. H. gracilipes.

. «+ 13. H. microphylla.

. H. Billardieri.

ot

25. H. Billardiert.

Hibbertia.] II. DILLENIACE E. 19

Leaves nearly flat, rigidly pungent . . . . . 27. H. acicularis.

Flowers sessile or shortly peduncled. Leaves loose, channelled

underneath. Sepals ratherobtuse . . . . . . Hä. H. stricta.
Flowers sessile. Leaves crowded, convex underneath. Outer

sepals mucronate or aristate . . . . . oo, B pontus ET

(Pleurandra reticulata, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 245, described from a single specimen in
leaf only, is probably some Pultenca.) :

Secr. IV. Euhibbertia.— Stamens placed all round the carpels, with occasionally
small staminodia outside.

SL Tomentose.— Carpels usually tomentose or scaly and 2-ovulate. Stamens numerous,
without any or rarely with small staminodia outside. Leaves flat or the margins slightly
revolute, usually stellately tomentose or scaly. Flowers pedunculate, axillary.

Em € oblong, or cuneate. i
omentum rigid, stellate, mixed with simple. hairs. ves cu- 3
neate, $ ay 2: "i m ter ns vL e >) RENE hermanniafolta.

Tomentum soft and velvety. Leaves oblong, 1 to 2 in. . . . 80. H. velutina.

Tomentum close and whitish, stellate with a scale-like base.
Leaves $ to 1 in. long, with an intramarginal vein underneath.
Peduneles 1 to2lineslong . 2... - + ee
ves 3 to } in., without intramarginal veins. Peduncles 1
to 2 lines long s ot pang) Er E T me SOR
Leaves A to 14 in., without intramarginal veins. Peduncles
1 to 1i in. long re MUN MEET 7, tL ui tae d
ves scabrous with scattered stellate hairs. Sepals very
scaly. Peduncles 1 to 2 lines (Un ae ee M
Leaves narrow-linear.

Tomentum stellate. Peduncles Fiott ilis oo oue adi eh H. scabra.

Tomentum of peltate scales, Peduncles 1 to 3 lines > . . + 36. H. lepidota.

3 2. Ve estite.—Carpels (usually 3) villous, 4-6-ovulate. „Stamens with or without sta-
RN outside, Leaves small, narrow, with revolute margins.

owers sessile, or peduncles not exceeding the leaves. À

Stamens above 30, with several staminodia . . . + + A de vestita. olia
Pesttmens under 15, without staminodia . > . - . 38. H. serpyllifolia,

eduncles longer than the leaves. Stamens 15 to 25 39. H. pedunculi

$3. Ochrolasie.—Carpels glabrous, 6-8-ovulate. . No staminodia. i
Leaves with revolute margins. Bracts small . 2s. s. s 40. H. ochrolasia.

§ 4. Fasciculate.— Carpe ls glabrous, 2-6-ovulate. No staminodia. Leaves very nar-
row, convex underneath, the n rv not revolute. Bracts small. Flowers €—
Perm 4 in each carpel. Plant glabrous, procumbent no fr 41. H. procumbens.
es 2, or rarely 3 or 4 in each carpel. Leaves usually tme, :
much clustered, often hirsute or pubescent . . - + + >» 942. H. fasciculata.

$5. Bracteate.—Carpels glabrous, 1-2-ovulate. No staminodia. Leaves flat or con-

vex underneath, filter ecco in H. rostellata) closely sessile within broad brown shining

8, like those of some of the Hemihibbertia.

sad gl wat convex underneath.
Ves obtuse. 5
Glabrous and green. Leaves not dilated at the top ANT 2 Zo ES
ore or less hoary. Leaves mostly slightly cuneate . - - Me valle.

aves recurved and mucronate at the top a 40, 005 a Bag

es flat, mostly oblong.

abrous, Leaves seldom above E in. . . - + + -

nsely silvery-tomentose, Leaves $ in. or more. - -

31. H. oblongata.
82. H. tomentosa.
33. H. cistifolia.
34. H. echüfolia.

. 46. H. glomerata.
. 47. H. argentea,
c 2

20 II, DILLENIACER. [Hibbertia.

Loosely pilose or pubescent. Leaves mostly above 3 in.
Sepals very densely silky-hairy. Brown bracts very con-
WEE ee le aM AT. a
Sepals loosely hairy. Brown bracts short and thin . . . 48. H. pilosa.
Sepals glabrous. Staminodia several . os 0. Wo T0 IO UMluss

§ 6. Subsessiles—Carpels glabrous. Stamens usually numerous, without staminodia.
Leaves flat or the margins slightly recurved. Bracts small or passing into the sepals.
Flowers sessile or nearly so. e
Carpels 1-2-ovulate. Stems erect or diffuse,

Leaves mostly under 1 in. long.

Leaves linear-oblong or scarcely enlarged above the middle. e
Stems usually erect orascending. . . . . . . . . 50. H. linearis.
Leaves obovate or euneate. Stems usually diffuse or prostrate 51. Z7. diffusa.
Leaves 1 to 3 in.long. Plant softly hairy. 2
Leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse . . . . . . . . . . 50. H. linearis, var.
Leaves lanceolate . . . 52. H. saligna.

e -

Carpels 6—8-ovulate, Stems twining or trailing. ' Leaves large . 53. H. volubilis.

§ 7. Hemihibbertia.—Carpels glabrous or rarely villous. Stamens very numerous, with
several small, subulate or clavate staminodia outside. Leaves flat. Flowers pedunculate,
except in H. Mylnei. ;

Leaves distinctly petiolate, ovate, or oblong, mostly toothed. .
Carpels 10 or more, villous, 2-ovulate . . . . . . . . 54, H.grossulariafolia.
Carpels 3, glabrous, 6- to 8-ovulate . . . . . . . . . 55. H. dentata.

Leaves stem-clasping or tapering near the base and again dilated,

glabrous. pie d

Leaves ovate or oblong.

Leaves all perfoliate, the auricles combined. Sepals lanceolate 56. H. perfoliata.

Auricles rounded, shortly decurrent + hes ele OF dre

Auricles of most of the leaves distinct, angular, projecting be-
yond the stem. Sepals ovate-lanceolate et nad.

Leaves linear, mostly auricled “gk ele steer SPP Ake ine ous ae

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering at the base, and half stem-

en een Ee ee o, m o Pedo ee eS

Leaves sessile, oblong, very hairy.’ Bracts at the base of the pe-

duncle broad and brown, as in the Bracteate.

Sepals glabrous. Carpels 3. Flowers sessile . . . . . . 6l. H. Mylnei.

Sepals very silky-hairy. Carpels 5. :

- Larger leaves obovate-oblong, toothed. Carpels villous . . 62. H. /astopus.
Larger leaves narrow-oblong, entire. Carpels glabrous . . 63. H. potentillaflora.

§ 8. Brachyanthere.—Carpels glabrous. Stamens about 15 to 20, without staminodia.

Anthers (except in H. pungens) ovate or orbicular, flattened, with introrse cells. Leaves
narrow-linear. Flowers pedunculate.
Leaves rigid, pungent. , Sepals about 2 lines. Anthers oblong . 64. H. pungens.
Leaves rigid, recurved at the top. Sepals 5 to 6 lines. Anthers ovate 65. H. nutans.
Leaves slender, but stiff and almost cylindrical. Sepals not 2 lines.

Anthers orbicular . : . . 66. H. leptopus.

Leaves thin, flat. Sepals ‘about 2 lines. Anthers broader than long 67. H. stellaris.

58. H. amplexicaulis.
59. H. Cunningham.

60. H. glaberrima.

SECTION 1. HEMISTEMMA, R. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 412 (as a distinct `
genus).—Stamens usually numerous, all inserted on one side of the pistil,
with smaller imperfect ones or staminodia outside of them ; filaments short,
anthers linear-oblong. Carpels 2, villous, with 2 or 3 ovules in each.

1, H. Banksii, Benth. Young branches and under side of the leav® |

Hibbertia.] Il. DILLENIACES. 21

densely clothed with a short, soft, rusty tomentum. Leaves oblong, obtuse, 2
to 3 in. long, $ to near 1 in. broad, the margins more or less recurved, nar-
rowed into a short petiole, glabrous above and somewhat shining when old,
the pinnate and anastomosing veins prominent underneath. Spikes terminal,
l-sided, rusty-villous, about 1 in. long, the flowers closely sessile. Sepals
about 4 lines long. Petals longer. Stamens about 20, obtuse, with half as
many staminodia outside, about one-third shorter—Hemistemma Banksii, R.
Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 414.
Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks.

2. H. Brownei, Benth. Young branches clothed with a short rusty
down. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely pointed, 2 to 3 in. long,
closely sessile and very obtuse or rounded at the base, the margins flat, gla-
brous, and at length almost shining above, white underneath, with the midrib
alone prominent and rust-coloured. Spikes terminal, 1-sided, silky-villous.
Sepals Scarcely 4 lines long, acute. Stamens nearly as in H. Banksw.

N. Australia? R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

3. H. dealbata, Benth. Young branches minutely rusty-downy. Leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse with a small callous point, or rarely acute,
2 to 8 in. long, 3 to 2 in. broad, narrowed at the base, but sessile or very
shortly stalked, the margins flat, glabrous above, white underneath, with a
very close tomentum, the anastomosing veins rust-coloured. Spikes termi-
nal, l-sided, simple or forked, 1 to 2 in. long, rusty-tomentose or silky.

owers closely sessile within lanceolate bracts. - Stamens as in H. Banksii.—
Hemistemma dealbatum, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 413; Deless. Ic. Sel. i.

16.

N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, R. Brown; Port Essington, Armstrong, A. Cunning-
ham, Leichhardt.

4. H. candicans, Benth. Like H. dealbata in the white tomentum
that covers the under side of the leaves, but it is rather more silky or Se?
on the peduncles and calyx, the leaves are rather narrower, and ei in y
rescence is very different ; peduncles all axillary, 3 to 1 in. € bond 9
their extremity 1 to 3 sessile flowers, and bracts and sepals usually broader.

tamens and carpels the same as in Z7. Banksii—Hemistemma candicans,
Hook. f. in Kew Journ. Bot. ix. 48, t. 2.
Queensland, Cape York, M'Gillivray; Albany Island, F. Mueller.

5. H. angustifolia, Benth. Branches very slender, with a very minute
Tusty down. Leaves very narrow-linear, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 in. long, the
Margins revolute, glabrous and shining above, white or slightly ferruginous
Underneath, with a prominent rusty midrib, Spikes on slender terminal pe-

uncles, consisting of 2 to 5 sessile flowers. Sepals about 3 lines longs
densely and softly villous.—Hemistemma angustifolium, R. Br. in DC. Syst.
eg. i. 414; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 77.

N. Australia, Arnhem's Land, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.) ceri UR

5. H. Muelleri Benth. Branches slender, as in H. angustifotia, bu
loosely villous with soft spreading hairs, intermixed with a closer m

ves narrow-linear as in that species, and about 1 line long, nearly glabrous

e

22 Il. DILLENIACER. [ Hibbertia.

above, white-cottony and hairy on the under surface, which is however almost
concealed by the revolute margins. Spikes terminal or lateral, about 3-
flowered. Sepals softly hairy, about 4 lines long. Stamens and carpels as
in H. Banksii and dealbata.

N. Australia. Barren places at the mouth of the Victoria, Providence Hill, etc.,
F. Mueller.

- T. H. ledifolia, Benth. Branches rigid, the young ones as well as the
under side of the leaves densely covered with a rusty or whitish down. Leaves
oblong-linear, about 4 in. long, obtuse, rather thick, with the margins revo-
lute, hoary above when young, but soon glabrous. Peduncles short, terminal,
1- to 3-flowered. Sepals ovate, about 5 lines long, thick and densely villous
as well as the bracts, Petals scarcely longer. Stamens about 20, with about
15 shorter staminodia outside. Carpels very villous, with usually 3 ovules
in each.— Hemistemma ledifolium, A. Cunn. Herb.
N. Australia. York Sound, A. Cunningham.

8. H. verrucosa, Benth. Much branched, the young shoots and leaves
very scabrous, with tubercles forming the base of stellate hairs. Leaves
linear-oblong, obtuse, } to $ in. long, the margins very revolute. Peduncles.
all 1-flowered, very short, or seldom 4 or 5 lines long. Calyx about 3 lines,
sometimes nearly glabrous, more frequently more or less covered with stellate
hairs, which are sometimes stipitate, the outer sepals always acute, the inner
more obtuse. Petals obovate, slightly obcordate. Stamens often under 10,
with at least as many smaller staminodia outside. Carpels as in the allied

species, 2, hairy and biovulate.—Plewrandra verrucosa, Turez. in Bull. Mose.
1852, ii. 139.

W. Australia. Cape Riche?, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 289; Bald Island and Mount
Monypeak, Maxwell.—In habit and inflorescence this species resembles H. hypericoides, but
the acute sepals, and especially the stamens, readily distinguish it.

Section II. HEMIPLEURANDRA.—Stamens rarely more than 12, all on
one side of the pistil; staminodia small, usually subulate or club-shaped,
either 2 or 3 on each side of the fertile ones, or continued round to the op-
posite side of the pistil, with very rarely any outside the fertile ones. Pedun-
cles in two species bearing a 1-sided spike of several flowers, in all the others
l-fowered. Carpe

ls 2, villous, with 2 or rarely 4 ovules in each. The species
are all Wik AME. r rarely 4 ovules 1n eac sp

9. H. spicata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 1. Glabrous or very slightly and
minutely pubescent. Leaves linear, usually obtuse, 4 to 1 in. long, the mar-
gins much revolute, Peduncles lateral, usually longer than the leaves, bear-
ing a l-sided spike of 4 to 8 flowers. Sepals about 3 lines long, pubescent

or shortly hairy. Petals deeply obcordate. Stamens usually 8 tó 10 on one

side.of the carpels, with a ring of short, subulate or spathulate staminodia

continued all round the carpels, and a few even behind the fertile ones. — He-
mistephus linearis, J. Drumm. and Harv. in Kew Hook. Journ. vii. 52-

WV. Australia. Flinders’ Bay, Collie : i k `
ern districts, Drummond. ay, Collie; Port Gregory, Walcott and Oldfield ; nort

10. H. polystachya, Benth. Vroeumbent and much branched, with

Hillertia.] Il. DILLENIACES, 23

spreading hairs, or at length scabrous only or nearly glabrous, Leaves nar-
row-linear, obtuse, 3 to 5 lines, or in some specimens 3 in. long, the margins
much revolute, Peduncles lateral, usually above 1 in. long, bearing a 1-sided
spike of 2 to 4 flowers, Sepals broader and more scarious than in ZZ. spicata,
from which this species differs chiefly in its hairs, and in the staminodia,
which although continued from the fertile stamens round the rest of the torus,
yet are usually entirely wanting, or there is only a single one behind the per-
fect stamens. The 2 ovules in this and the last species do not appear to be
really superposed, although one is usually’ borne on a much longer funiculus
than the other,
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Blackwood river, Oldfield,

ll. H. furfuracea, Benth. Rather coarse and erect, 2 to 4 ft. high,
the branches thickly clothed with rust-coloured, loosely stellate hairs. Leaves
narrow-oblong or linear, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, the margins revolute,
but leaving the under surface open, villous above when young, scabrous when
old, closely tomentose and white or hoary underneath. Peduncles mostly
axillary, 1-flowered, 4 to 1 in. long. Outer sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
Sometimes near 5 lines long, inner ones shorter and rounder. ` Petals 2-lobed.
Stamens 8 to 12, with numerous small staminodia on each side, and on the
Opposite side of the carpels. Carpels 2, globose, villous, 4-ovulate. Arillus
very short.— Pleurandra Jurfuracea, R. Br. in DQ. Syst. Veg. 1. 417; Deless.
lc. Sel. i. t. 80; Hiddertia astrophylla, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 270; Hemi-
stemma asperifolium, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 161. Ar

W. Australia. Rocky hills, from King George's Sound to the Stirling range, R.
Brown, A. Cunningham, Drummond, and others; rocks on the western side of Mount

arence, Preiss, n. 2167.

12. H. hypericoides, Benth. Branches spreading, the young ones as
well as the lentes hoary, with a short stellate down. Leaves oe" H
very obtuse, 1 in. long or rather more, those of the smaller branches h y
long, the thick margins much revolute. Peduncles mostly terminal, 1-flow: z
1 to 1 in, long. Sepals broad, very concave and obtuse, shorter x cR s
furfuracea, hoary outside. Petals 2-lobed. Stamens 12 to 15, with ra i4
numerous (or rarely very few) small spathulate or clavate meng bag
side or on the opposite side of the carpels. Carpels connate at t ‘A fe
globular, 2-ovulate.— Pleurandra hypericoides, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 421; ir
le. Sel. i. t. 81; Hiblertia trachyphylla, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i, 271 ; H.
apera, Steud: Le i. 270; H. proxima and H. cinerascens, Steud. l.c. i. 271.

W. Australia, Common abont Perth, Preiss, n. 2132 and 2136 a, Drummond and

others ; Cape Leeuwin, Collie; Port G and Blackwood river, Oldfield ; Darling
range, Preiss, n, 2147; Cataract Valley, Preise, n. 2140; between Perth and King George's

nd, Harvey ; Stokes’ Inlet, Maxwell.

A des d
. 13. H, microphylla, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 213. Branches erect an
ngid, or sometimes | Ad and decumbent or diffuse, minutely E
glabrous. Leaves usually 1 to 1} line long, ovate and very ek or
times more linear and 2 lines long, always very convex and ay oni
closely reflexed on the stem, glabrous or rough, with a Palma ie
eduncles 1-flowered, slender, often } to $ in. long, arranged in the upp

24 II. DILLENIACES. [ Hibbertia.

axils so as to form a kind of leafy raceme towards the ends of the branches.
Sepals 2 to near 3 lines long, glabrous or stellate-pubescent. Stamens 8 to
10 on one side of the pistil, with 1, 2, or 3 small spathulate staminodia on
each side. Carpels 2-ovulate. Arillus very short.— H. lepidophylla, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 217; Hemistemma revolutum, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1849, n. 4.

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies, R. Brown ; and thence to the Stirliug
range, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2154 and 2180, Oldfield, and others.

14. H. recurvifolia, Benth. A shrub with the foliage nearly of H
rostellata or of Candollea uncinata, but with the flowers of a Hemipleurandra.
Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, obtuse and hooked or recurved at the extremity,
2 to 4 lines long, convex underneath, but furrowed by the closely recurved
margins, whitish on both sides but glabrous, or with a minute tuft of short
hairs at the tip. Peduncles 3 to 5 lines long, nearly glabrous. Sepals `
whitish, about 2 lines long, the outer ones keeled and aeute, surrounded hy
2 or 3 small bracts. Stamens about 8 on one side of the pistil, with a few
small staminodia on each side or behind them. — Carpels villous, 2-ovulate.—
Pleurandra recurvifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 264.

. NW. Australia. Gravelly places at the foot of the Konkoberup hills, Preiss, n. 2170;
Phillips river, Mazwell.

Var. virens. Leaves rather longer, the margins more prominently revolute, green but
rough with small tubercles or a short stellate pubescence.— Point Henry, Oldfield.

ké

15. H. lineata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272. Intermediate as it were
between H. hypericoides, H. recurvifolia, and H. acerosa, differing from the
first by its leaves much narrower, with the margins closely revolute so as to
appear 2- or 3-grooved on the under side, either glabrous or rough, with scat-
tered tubercles or a few spreading hairs; from H. recurvifolia, by the leaves
nearly twice as long, not hoary, quite straight or scarcely perceptibly recurved
at the tip; and from H. acerosa by the leaves not pungent, either obtuse oF
with a minute recurved point. The flowers in Preiss's original specimens are
rather larger than in H. acerosa, of which species this plant may prove to
be a variety.

W. Australia, Shady woods on the north side of Mount Wuljenup, Preiss, : a. 2151;
Mount Monypeak river, Mazwell. ; :

Var. parvifiora. Flowers small, as in H. acerosa, midrib of the leaves less prominent ` `
underneath.—Plewrandra diamesogenos, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 265.—Boggy woods, S

district, Preiss/n.2141. "This variety approaches H. gracilipes in aspect, but is readily = SI
tinguished by the presence of staminodia,

16. H. acerosa, Benth. Usually low and very much branched, be |
sometinres throwing up ascending stems of nearly 1 ft. from a thick base, £?—
brous or rough with short spreading hairs. Leaves linear-subulate or b e)
at the base, very pointed and usually pungent, 4 lines to 1 in. long, erect xL j
spreading, the margins closely revolute, but much narrower than the broad
prominent midrib. Peduncles 1-flowered, slender, 3 to 1 in. long. Flowe? ,
nearly those of H. acicularis, except that there are always 1, 2, or 3 $ |
club-shaped or spathulate staminodia on each side of the fertile stamens ` `
Larpels 2-ovulate.— Pleurandra acerosa, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422;

cognata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i, 265; P. juniperina, Turez. in Bull. Mo E
1849, ii. 6.

Hibbertia.) II. DILLENIACEX. 25

- W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, and others; Swan River,
Drummond, lst Coll. and 1845, n. 2; Mount Melville, Preiss, n. 2156 ; Champion Bay,
Oldfield.

Var. ulicifolia. Leaves stouter and not so long. King George's Sound, Bazter.

Pgs 17. H. aurea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272. Rigid, and somewhat
virgate, perfectly glabrous, or the leaves slightly scabrous, and sometimes
shortly ciliate. Leaves narrow-linear and stiff, shortly pointed, the lower ones
3 to $ in., those near the flowers about half as long, the margins much revo-
lute. Flowers terminal, sessile, with 2 or 3 small sepal-like bracts at their
base. Outer sepals fully 3 lines long, stiffly coriaceous and almost shining,
with a prominent keel projecting into a sharp point, inner ones less pointed,
broader and thinner. Petals broad. Stamens about 10, one-sided, with 2
-to 4 small staminodia on each side of them. Carpels 2-ovulate.—H. pallida,
Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 272.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; in gravelly places at the foot of Darling

range, Preiss, n. 2152 a and 2152 5. * hyll
Var. obtusa. Leaves obtuse, sepals scarcely keeled or pointed.—Pleurandra glaucophylla,

. Stend. in Pl. Preiss. i. 262? The fragments I have seen without flowers agree with this
variety; but Steudel describes the ovaries as glabrous, which I have not observed in any

` Hemipleurandra, He does not describe the stamens, but I know of no other western groups
to which his specimen could be referred. Swan River, Drummond ; sandy places near Avon
Dale, York District, Preiss, n. 2159.

18. H. crassifolia, Benth. Erect, with the habit of some of the hoary
varieties of H. stricta. Leaves linear-oblong, very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long,
the margins much rolled back, rather thick, hoary or rough with very short
stellate hairs, the floral ones ovate-lanceolate passing into the bracts. Flowers
closely sessile, solitary, and terminal, Sepals ovate, brown, slightly hoary,
nearly 3 lines long, surrounded by several bracts. Stamens about 12, one-
sided, with 3 or 4 spathulate staminodia on each side of them, and not half
so long, Carpels 2-ovulate.—Pleurandra crassifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mose.
1849, ii. 5. |

W. Australia. Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 120.

Section IIT. Puevranpra.—Stamens often very few, and rarely mg :
than 15, all on one side of the pistil, and often more or less ege at oe
» Without any staminodia. Peduncles 1-flowered, or flowers sessile, so 3
Y, Or in terminal heads. Carpels 2, villous or tomentose, or very rarely
glabrous, with 2, 4, or more ovules in each.

19. H. nitida, Benth. Erect, much branched and glabrous. bum

crowded, especially under the flowers, oblong, obtuse, or with a short point
+ in. long, narrowed at the base, the margins flat or slightly recurve d

Somewhat coriaceous and shining. Flowers sessile within the last leaves, ei
Surrounded by a few short bracts. Sepals lanceolate or oblong, Tee d
ànd quite glabrous, 3 to 5 lines long. Petals broad and notched. Zu _
about 11, Carpels hairy, 4-ovulate. Arillus slightly iua colt cie
lida, R. Br. in DC, Syst. Veg. i. 416 ; P. Cneorum, DC. l. c. i. 416. i
ott: S- Wales, About Port Jackson, $. Brown, Sieber, n. 141 and Fl. Mizt. n. 508, an

Ts.

20. H. bracteata, Benih. Erect and much branched, with the aspect

26 II. DILLENIACE. [ Hibbertia.

of Pultenea daphnoides, and resembles also H. nitida, but is not so “glabrous.
Leaves narrow-oblong, mostly obtuse, with a short callous point, 4 to $ in.
long, narrowed at the base, the margins slightly recurved, somewhat rusty,
with a minute tomentum underneath, glabrous and shining or scabrous above,
or occasionally bearing a few long hairs. Flowers terminal, or on very short
axillary branches, sessile within a tuft of floral leaves, which are mostly
longer than the flowers, except a few of the innermost, which are much shorter
and more hairy. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, fully 5 lines long, densely clothed
with long silky hairs. Petals broad, notched. Stamens about 16. Carpels
hairy, with 4 to 6 ovules in each.—Pleurandra bracteata, R. Br. in DC. Syst.
Veg. i. 415; Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 78.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others; Emu
Plains, A. Cunningham.

21. H. sericea, Benth. A variable species which sometimes scarcely
differs from H. bracteata, except in being much more hairy and the leaves `
more revolute on the margin, but is usually more diffuse or procumbent, softly
villous all over, with the floral leaves not much longer than the others. Leaves
rarely much above $ in. long, and in some varieties much shorter, obtuse,
with the margins much revolute, clothed with stellate down, especially under-
neath, with longer hairs on the upper surface. Flowers sessile among crowded
floral leaves, as in the last two species. Sepals rather shorter and broader,
villous. Stamens usually 10 to 12. Carpels tomentose or villous, with 4 to 6
ovules in each.—Pleurandra sericea, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 416; Deless.
Ic. Sel. i.t. 79; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 16; H. densiflora, F. Muell. Pl. Viet.
i. 15. Pleurandra cinerea, R. Br. in DC. 1. c. i. 417, is a slight variety with
shorter pubescence, and shorter, more oblong leaves, the flowers often very
shortly pedicellate.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; sandy heathy places on barren serubby ridges, and
occasionally on rocky ranges from the Glenelg to the Murray rivers, and thence to P
Phillip, F. Mueller and others. :
TS iren Common on sandy soil, on the coast only, all round the island, J. D.

ooker.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Macarthur, F. Mueller.

Var. densiflora. More villous. Leaves, especially the floral ones, shorter. Stems usually
more procumbent.—Pleurandra densiflora, Hook. f. in Journ, Bot. i. 245. The Tasma-
nian specimens belong chiefly, but not entirely, to this variety, and a few of the Victorian
ones are referrible to it.

22. Fi. hirsuta, Benth. A low, prostrate, densely branched species
with much smaller leaves and flowers than in any of the same section, resem-
bling some forms of H. fasciculata, and shortly hirsute all over. Leaves `
linear-oblong, obtuse, 13 to 2, or seldom 3 lines long, with revolute margins.
Flowers axillary or terminal, sessile within leaves often as long as the caly%
the innermost of which are however much smaller. Sepals ovate, villous,
scarcely 2 lines long. Petals narrow and entire or very slightly obcordate.
Stamens very few. Ovaries 2, pubescent, with 4, or very rarely only 2 ovules
in each.—Pleurandra hirsuta, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 273; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 17.

Tasmania. Among stones in basaltic soil, George Town and Hobart Town, J. D.
Hooker, Gunn, and others.

Hibbertia.] II. DILLENIACEA. 27

23. H. stricta, R. Br. Herb. ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.i.15. Erect, Spread-
ing; or diffuse, but scarcely prostrate, sometimes throwing up almost simple
stems of 6 in. from a thick rhizome, sometimes attaining several feet in height,
more or less hoary or scabrous, with a minute stellate tomentum, although
sometimes appearing glabrous at first sight. Leaves narrow-linear, erect or
spreading, rather obtuse, mostly + to 4 in. long, the closely revolute margins
disclosing little more than the midrib underneath. Flowers nearly sessile, or
on pedicels of 2 or 8 lines in length. Sepals usually about 3 lines long,
oblong, lanceolate, or the inner ones ovate. Stamens usually 8 to 12.
Carpels tomentose, or very rarely glabrous, with 4 to 6, or very rarely more
ovules in each. Arillus usually very small.— Pleurandra stricta, R. Br. in
DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422; P. riparia, R. Br. in DC. 1. c. i. 419; P. ericifolia,
DC. Let 420; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 17; P. cistiflora, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst.
Cur. Post. 191; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 79.

Queensland. Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, and inland to
the ranges on the Burritt river, D. Moore, and Maranoa river, Mitchell.
d S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others, and apparently throughout the
colony.
gv none In sandy, rocky, or heathy localities of the lowlands and hills, not rare, F,
ueller.
Tasmania. Abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.
à . "se gee From the Murray to Streaky Bay, Whitaker, F. Mueller, Warburton,
and others, j
- W. Australia. Only at the extreme eastern limits on the south coast, Maxwell. `
This is a very variable species, with the flowers seldom so closely sessile as in the preceding
ones, nor borne on peduncles so long as in most of the following ones. There are a few spe-
cimens, however, which come near to the narrow-leaved forms of H. Bil/ardieri, and others
which are very close upon H. humifusa. "The following are the most striking forms:— `
a. glabriuscula. Glabrous or nearly so, procumbent or erect. Flowers. nearly sessile,
Calyx not hoary. Carpels tomentose. Ovules 4 to 6. The commonest form in N. S. Wales,
Southern Victoria, and Tasmania, including Sieber's n. 150 (P. riparia), 151 (P. Ge e
and 147 (P, mana), the latter a straggling variety approaching H. Bitlardiert in habi
No. 148 (P. cistiflora) is the same, with longer, more acute, sometimes almost pungent leaves,
aon tte Blue Mountains; and a form with very short obtuse leaves appears to be common
u e Hindmarsh, in Victoria.
b. leiocarpa. Procumbent and perfectly glabrous, even the carpels. Ovules A. From
the south coast of W. Australia, east of Stokes Inlet, Maxwell. j ,
f. canescens. Leaves and calyx more or less hoary with stellate hairs. ection! gn
+. o More rarely nearly sessile. Ovules usually 4.— Pleurandra incana, we ~
Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 156. Apparently common in Victoria, extending also over N. 5.
Wales into Queensland and westward to Spencer's Gulf. In this I should include dë ed $
Län. Sieb, Pl. Exs. n. 143; Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 191, a small-flowered and small-
Gre form from the Blue Mountains and from Tasmania, Gunn. n, 1020; and P. ECH Ge
ook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 363, from New England, C. Stuart, and Qe ie ys
th d. alycina. Leaves narrow and acute or almost pungent. Calyx hirsute, almost as oh
e Var. hirtiflora.— Pleurandra calycina, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 422 (judging from ia 2
a Caley’s named P. pilosa in Herb. Brown, but which quite agrees with De Kazen “os
tion of P. calycina). N. S, Wales, Caley ; Avon Ranges, Gipps Land, F. a
à €- hirtifora, leaves nearly as in the var. canescens. Calyx usually T isses: À
A and: hirsute with spreading hairs, Ovules usually 6 to 8 or more. 7. = qe T1
Fr? in Field N, a Wales, 338. On the Maranoa river, Mitchell; mee éi oet
the ers New England Ranges, C. Stuart ; near Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; and
€ same form from Spencer’s Gulf and Streaky Bay, Herd. Mueller.

*4. H. humifusa, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 16, t. Suppl. l. Prostrate,

28 II. DILLENIACES. [ Hibbertia.

much branched, hoary, and more or less hirsute, like the H. hirsuta, with
linear obtuse leaves, the margins much revolute, but these leaves are ber.
longer and the flowers much larger, always borne on a pedicel of from 7 to 9
From some specimens of H. stricta, var. hirtiflora, it differs chiefly in its low,
prostrate habit, in being more hairy, and the peduncles much longer. Sepals
4 to 5 lines long, and very hairy. Petals, stamens, and carpels of H. stricta.
Ovules usually 6.
Victoria. Barren scrubby plains near Mount Zero, F. Mueller.

25. H. Billardieri, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 14. Stems weak, sometimes
short and erect, but more frequently trailing to the length of two or three feet
or more over other shrubs, the branches clothed with stellate hairs, often mixe
with long spreading ones. Leaves from obovate, ovate or oval-oblong to
oblong-cuneate or narrow-oblong, the larger ones 3 to 1 in. long, but m the
commoner slender varieties not half that size, the margins recurved, more 0
less stellately pubescent, especially underneath, and scabrous above, but be-
coming glabrous with age. Pedicels terminating short, leafy shoots, or app?
rently axillary, slender, and recurved; } to 3 in. long. Sepals 2 to 3 lines
long, or in some varieties rather shorter or longer, the outer ones usually
pointed, the inner broader and more obtuse, glabrous, or nearly so. ` Petals

broad. Stamens usually 10 to 12. Carpels downy or villous, with 2 to4 |

ovules. — Arillus sometimes almost enveloping the seed, sometimes very
short.—Pleurandra ovata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 5, t. 143; Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 16.

Queensland. Glasshouse Mountains, F. Mueller. r

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 144, and others; Hastings rive
Becker.

Victoria. Scattered over the southern part of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Sandy soils on the coast in various places, J. D. Hooker, Gunn.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller. ;

Although apparently not so common as H. stricta, this species appears to be more vari"
able, and the following forms have in general the appearance of distinct species, but av
pisc too much connected by intermediate specimens to admit of their being ¢
as such.

a. monadelpha, F. Muell.mss. Leaves large, obovate or oblong. Flowers large. Ovas —

4. Sealers’ Cove, F. Mueller ; Flinders Island, Gunn.

b. obovata. Leaves and flowers of a, but ovules only 2.—Pleurandra obovata, R. Bre

Herb., from Port Dalrymple; Hastings river, Bechler ; West Head, Tasmania, Gunn.
c. ovata. Leaves and flowers small, ovate or oblong. Ovules 2. The most co
Tasmanian and N. S, Wales form.

d. scabra, Leaves narrow, seldom (except a few of the lower ones) above 4 lines Gen, t
and usually much revolute on the margin.—Plewrandra scabra, R. Br. in DC. Syst. V68 t

418; P. empetrifolia, DC. 1. c. i. 420; P. asterotricha, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. P
191; Pl. Exs, n. 149, and Fl. Mixt. n. 505 (n. 139, P. cinerea, is a rather more cam
form). Common about Sydney. to
e. parviflora. Slender and much branched. Leaves 2 to 4 lines long, from tier
linear-oblong, flat or much revolute. Sepals under 2 lines long. Ovules 2, or rarely AC"

Pleurandra parviflora, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 418 ; Hibbertia aspera, DC. Syst. Ye i

430. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Sieber, n. 144, and Fl, Mizt. n. 504, and others.

26. Hi. gracilipes, Benth. Nearly glabrous, diffuse or prostrate, ei
much branched, with much of the appearance of H. acicularis, but the leav? —

are usually broader and not puugent. They are narrow-linear, usually ¥

—

Hibbertia.] II. DILLENIACES. 29

obtuse, 9 to 4, or even 5 lines long, with the margins revolute, and often
slightly scabrous. Peduncles slender, 3 to 1 in. long, thickened under the
flowers. Sepals 2 to nearly 3 lines long, membranous, obtuse. Stamens
usually about 10. Carpels glabrous or downy, 2-ovulate.—Pleurandra pe-
dunculata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 419.

W. Australia. South coast ?, Drummond, n. 16, 9, 4; Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King
George's Sound and Gordon river, Oldfield.

27. H. acicularis, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. 1. 17. Nearly or quite glabrous,
procumbent or diffuse, with a thick woody stock, and numerous branches,
short and intricate, or lengthened to a foot. Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, with
a stiff, often pungent point, about 3 to 6 lines long, the margins recurved.
Pedicels terminal or axillary, often on very short shoots, with a few leaves at
the base sometimes reduced to minute bracts, recurved, 3 to } in. long.
Sepals glabrous, or very slightly downy, about 2 lines long, Stamens usually
8, or fewer. Carpels downy, or rarely glabrous, with 2, or very rarely 4
ovules.—Pleurandra acicularis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 6, t. 144; Hook. f,
Fl. Tasm. i. 15.

ens : Ter. .

SCH Wales. A DX ms A Broce and others; sterile bushy hills in Wellington

Valley, and westward to Croker's range, 4. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart. The Port

Jackson speeimens include a variety with more rigid leaves and larger flowers, and another
With glabrous ovaries.

Victoria. Heathy ground, particularly in moist localities near the coast, F. Mueller.
Some Port, Adelaide specimens are the only ones I have seen with 4 ovules to each carpel.

Tasmania. Sandy land at George Town, sea-coast E. of Port Dalrymple, and islands
of Bass's Straits, J. D. Hooker, Gunn. ;

Pleurandra triandra, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 280, described from a specimen
said to have been gathered by Gunn “near Sydney in Tasmania,” may possibly belong
to this species,

28. H. mucronata, Benth. Erect and rigid, the young branches
shortly villous. Leaves crowded, erect, rigid, linear, and very pungent,
mostly 4 to 6 lines long, semiterete, but marked with a furrow on each side
of the midrib indicating the revolute margins, glabrous, or the young ones

ing a few spreading, silky hairs. Flowers sessile, the leaves of the Me d
short floral shoots passing into 2 or 3 subulate bracts. Sepals 3 to 4 lines
ong, loosely villous, the outer ones with long pungent points, the inner =
shorter and less pointed. Petals broadly 2-lobed. Stamens about 5. vepre
very villous, 2-ovulate.— Pleurandra mucronata, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1849,
ii. 139

.W. Australia. Between Swan River and Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 290;
George's Sound, R. Brown; W. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

Section IV. Evntpsertia.—Stamens usually numerous, and rarely
ewer than 12, arranged all around the pistil, although sometimes A
numerous on one side than on the other, either without any staminodia,

with few or many small subulate or clavate staminodia outside the perfect
stamens.— Hisbertia proper, as limited by De Candolle, and most authors.

$1. Zomentose.—Carpels 2 (or very rarely and exceptionally 3), tomen-
» OF covered with peltate scales, with 2, or very rarely 1 or 3 ovules in

30 II. DILLENIACES. [ Hibbertia.

each. Stamens numerous, without any, or rarely with small staminodia out-
side. Leaves ovate, obovate, cuneate, oblong, or linear, flat, or with the mar-
gins slightly revolute, usually covered with stellate hairs or peltate scales.
Flowers axillary, pedunculate, with a small bract under the sepals, those at
the base of the peduncle minute or wanting. The species are all tropical or
subtropical.

29. H. hermannieefolia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 431. Resembles in general
aspect H. furfuracea, but very different in the stamens. Whole plant covered
with a rather rigid stellate down, mixed, especially on the upper side of the
leaves, with simple hairs. Leaves from obovate-oblong to cuneate, very ob-
tuse or retuse, 3 to 2 in. long, the margins not recurved. Peduncles axillary,
mostly about 4 in. long. Sepals about 4 lines, rather obtuse, membranous,
pubescent. Stamens about 15. Carpels 2, villous, with 2 (or perhaps some-
times 4?) ovules in each.

N. S. Wales? “Dovedale,” Caley. 1 have been unable to find the locality in any of
our maps. (Hb. Brit. Mus.)

30. H. velutina, R. Br. Herb. Whole plant clothed with a soft, velvety
tomentum. Leaves oval or oval-oblong, sometimes slightly cuneate, obtuse,
l to 2 in. long, the margins scarcely recurved, and very soft. Peduncles
axillary, 1 to } in. long. Sepals about 3 lines long, softly tomentose. Petals
broadly obovate. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2 ?, tomentose.

Queensland. N. E. Coast, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

31. H. oblongata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 431. Branches rather

slender and elongated, covered as well as the leaves with a close whitish to-
mentum consisting of stellate hairs more or less united into a scale at their

base. Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse or with a very short slightly recurved `

point, mostly 2 to 1 in. long, the margins flat, the lateral veinlets converging
on the under side into an intramarginal vein. Peduncles axillary, seldom above
2 lines long. Inner sepals about 3 lines long, obtuse, the outer shorter an
more acute. Petals 2-lobed. Stamens above 20, all perfect or rarely one or
two on the side where there are fewest reduced to small staminodia. Carpels
2, scaly-tomentose, 2-ovulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; rocky situations, Sims Island, A.

Cunningham ; sandstone ravines on the table-land and rocks on the Fitzmaurice riven,
F. Mueller.

Var. brevifolia. Leaves mostly 3 to 4 lines long.—Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

32. H. tomentosa, R. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 432. Allied to Æ
oblongata, but more slender and much more branched. Leaves oblong-linea
3 to 4 lines long or very seldom À in., hoary on both sides, with a minute
close tomentum, and without the intramarginal vein of H. oblongata. Flower
smaller, with the sepals more prominently keeled.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R, Brown. (Hb. R. Br.) This and some other
species of the present group may possibly, when better known, be reduced to varieties.

33. H. cistifolia, P. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 431. Resembles H. 0b-
longata in the whitish tomentum, consisting of stellate hairs proceeding H"
a scale-like base, which covers every part, but the branches appear to be dif-
fuse or shortly trailing from a woody rhizome, the leaves are broader,

eae aa

Hillertia.) II, DILLENIACEX. 31

obovate to oblong, 3 to 1} in. long, and without the intramarginal nerve, and
above all, the flowers are borne on peduncles of 1 to 14 in. long. They are
also larger, and have above 50 stamens without any staminodia. Carpels 2,
very scaly, 2-ovulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, A, Brown ; Port Essington, Armstrong.

34. H. echiifolia, R. Br. Herb. Branches diffuse, flexuose, hoary with
a minute scabrous tomentum, with prominent angles decurrent from the base.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, mostly about 2 in., but the larger
ones often above an inch long, rigid, not hoary but very rough with minute
stellate scales. Peduncles very short, rarely 2 lines long, axillary, or more
frequently terminating short leafy branches. Sepals broad, concave, rigid,
about 3 lines long, densely covered with peltate scales. Stamens numerous.
Carpels 3 or 4, scaly (2-ovulate 9).

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

35. H. scabra, R. Br. Herb. Branches slender, scabrous as well as the
upper side of the leaves with minute stellate hairs. Leaves like those of H.
angustifolia, narrow-linear, 2 to 12 in. long, acute or scarcely obtuse, the
margins slightly revolute, very closely and minutely tomentose underneath.
Peduncles axillary, $ to 14 in. long. Sepals about 3 lines, acute, tomentose
outside. Petals obovate. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2 or 3, tomentose,
2-ovulate (according to R. Brown’s notes).

N. Australia. ‘N, coast, R. Brown. (HÀ. R. Br.)

36. H. lepidota, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 432. Branches stiff but
slender, covered as well as the leaves and sepals with a close Ll e ad
rusty tomentum, consisting of minute peltate scales with scarious aon

ves linear, rather acute, mostly 4 to 2 in. long, concave, the margins not
revolute. Flowers rather small, on pedicels of 1 to 3 lines, solitary or de.
together in the axils. Sepals broad, very obtuse, about 2 lines long, or 3
when in fruit, the 2 outer rather shorter. Stamens about 12, OBI, de

» 9n one side of the carpels, with several small staminodia outside,

» Scaly-tomentose, 2-ovulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, A. Cunningham ; rocky barren sand-
stone table-land at the sources of Ropér river, at the head of Macarthur river, Upper Victoria
river, and near M*Adam range, F. Mueller.

§ 2. Vestite —Carpels usually 3, villous, with 4 to 6 ovules in em jee}
mens rather numerous, with small staminodia outside, vr fewer d i
er. Leaves small, narrow, with revolute margins. Dracts smal.

Owers sessile or pedunculate. :

37. H. vestita, 4. Cunn. Herb. Branches elongated, decumbent or
erect, clothed as well as the young leaves with short spreading hairs. neg
natrow-linear, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long, rigid with recurved ed ëm em
S'abrous when full grown. Flowers nearly sessile, in clusters of flor Sen às
shorter than them, the inner ones passing into small linear bracts. ; -€—
jaite-lanceolate, obtuse, or the outer ones scarcely acute, 3 or even Tuna
Stan? With rather silky hairs outside. Petals obovate, deeply emargina’e.

ens above 30, with several short filiform or clavate staminodia outside.

32 II. DILLENIACEJE; [ Hibbertia.

Carpels 3, villous, 6-ovulate. The general aspect is sometimes that of H.

serpyllifolia, but it is readily known by the stamens.

Queensland. Open forest-land near Moreton Bay, Æ. Cunningham ; Stradbrooke
Island, Fraser ; Glasshouse mountains, F. Mueller ; swamps towards Durval, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Bechler.

Var. thymifolia. Leaves shorter, often recurved at the end.—Near Moreton Bay, A.
Cunningham.

38. H. serpyllifolia, R. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 430. Decumbent
or prostrate, mueh branched, and either glabrous or the branches and young
parts clothed with short spreading hairs. Leaves (like those of H. vestita)
narrow-linear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, rigid with recurved margins. Pe-
duncles very short, rarely attaining 2 or 3 lines, with 2 or 3 small bracts at
their base. Sepals about 2 lines long, acute or the inner ones obtuse, gla-
brous or hairy. Stamens about 12, without staminodia. Carpels 3, villous,
4-ovulate.—H. ericifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 14. t. 3; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
icd.

N. S. Wales. Port Dalrymple, Caley ; Shoalwater Bay and Passage, R. Brown.
Part zeg Stony mountains, particularly in the highlands; also on subalpine meadows,

D Ue `
- Tasmania. Common on the serpentine formation, Asbestos hills; also Launceston
and George Town, Gunn.

Var.? minutifolia. Leaves 1 to 2 lines long. Mount Aberdeen, F. Mueller. These
specimens may possibly belong to the small-leaved variety of H. pedunculata, but the
shortness of the peduncle and general aspect bring them nearer to H. serpyllifolia.

39. H. pedunculata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg.i.430. Stems diffuse,
prostrate, or rarely erect, much branched, glabrous or clothed as well as the
leaves with a few very short spreading hairs. Leaves narrow-linear, rigid,
obtuse, usually 2 to 3 lines long, the margins revolute, numerous but not
clustered. Peduncles } to 4 in. long or sometimes more, the bracts at the
base inconspicuous or wanting. Sepals 2 to nearly 3 lines long, ovate, very
obtuse, usually minutely pubescent outside. Petals obovate, slightly emar-
ginate. Stamens 15 to 25, accompanied usually by one or two small stami-
nodia outside. Carpels 3, villous (or rarely glabrous ?), with 4 or 6 ovules n
each.—Pleurandra intermedia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 420 (according to an w-
named specimen of Caley’s, in Herb. R. Br.).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; to the Blue Mountains, 4. Cunningham.
In the mountains and Paramatta, Caley ; and southward to the lower part of the Australian

Alps, F. Mueller. These specimens, with elongated, divaricate branches, about 15 stamens `

-and 4 ovules, occur in some herbaria under the name of H. minutifolia, F. Muell., as g
_as those of a var. of H. serpyllifolia.

Var. corifolia. Stems short, diffuse or prostrate. Stamens about 20. Ovules usually 6.
—H. corifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 2672; H. peduneulata, Bot. Reg. t. 1001. The carpels
described in the Botanical Magazine as glabrous, but in the Register, where the same
garden-plant is represented, they are said to be silky, as I have always found them.

$ 3. Ochrolasie.—Carpels glabrous, with 6 to 8 ovules. No staminodia-
Leaves narrow, with revolute margins, as in the Vestite. Flowers sessile,
without the broad brown bracts of the Bracteate.

_ 40. H. ochrolasia, Benth. Branches rigid, divaricate, glabrous. Leave,
linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins much revolute, rather thick 4”

—

———À —

ENEE, onem ie em e oss

Hibbertia. | IL. DILLENIACES. 33

rigid, whitish, but without hairs or asperities. Flowers solitary, or 2 or 3
together at the ends of the branches, nearly sessile, surrounded by a few bracts
like the sepals, but smaller. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, densely clothed with
long golden hairs. Petals broad. Stamens 15 to 20. Carpels 2.—Ochro-
lasia Drummondi, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 4.

W. Australia. Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 119.

§ 4. Fasciculate.—Carpels glabrous. Ovules 2 to 6. No staminodia.
aves narrow-linear, convex below, the margins not recurved. Flowers ses-
sile or nearly so, but without the broad brown bracts of the Bracteate.

4l. H. procumbens, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 427. Diffuse or prostrate and
much branched, resembling in habit some of the varieties of H. fasciculata,
with which F. Mueller unites it; but the leaves are broader, the larger ones
above 3 in. long and 1 line broad, glabrous or rarely hairy, the flowers much
larger, the sepals 4 to 5 lines long, broadly membranous, the stamens at least

0, and the carpels 4 or 5, with almost always 6 ovules in each.—Dillenia
Procumbens, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 16, t. 156; Æ. angustifolia, Salisb.
Parad. Lond. under n. 73.

Victoria. Albert river, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.
Tasmania. R, Brown ; abundant in open heathy places, J. D. Hooker.

42. H. fasciculata, R. Br. in DO. Syst. Veg. i. 428. Stems erect,
proeumbent or prostrate. Leaves very narrow-linear, clustered and crowded,
2 to 3 lines or rarely 4 in. long, hirsute with soft rather spreading hairs, or
at length glabrous, obtuse, or scarcely pointed, the margins never revolute or
recurved, but rather turned upwards. so as to leave the under surface convex
With the prominent midrib. Flowers sessile, on very short leafy shoots along
the branches, with 2 or 3 small sepal-like bracts at their base. Sepals 2 to

es long, broadly ovate, membranous at the edge, the outer ones narrower
and less obtuse. Petals obcordate. Stamens usually 8 to 12, without sta-
minodia, Carpels usually 3, glabrous, with 2 erect ovules in each.—Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 13 ; H. angustifolia (partly), F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 18; H. vir-
gata, Hook. Ic, P]. t. 267, not R. Br.; H. prostrata, Hook. Journ. Bot. i.
246 ; Pleurandra camforosma, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 191 ; H. cam-
Dhorosma, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 21.

E S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 146, and FI. Mizt, n. 506, and

E 3 Port Phillip, R. Brown ; sand ridges, heathy ground, and dry, barren places

ut the colony, F. Mueller.

De i Abundant throughout the colony, ascending to 2000 or 3000 ft., J. D.
SA

Extending as far as Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller and others, —
Yar. crassifolia. Stems ech the habit sometimes nearly that of H. erc but
Tape is of the leaves involute not revolute, sometimes very pubescent like the following

Var HH. glandulosa, Schlecht. Linnea, xx. 626. Chiefly in S. Australia. — KLAR
and "a ` Pubigera, Very hoary all over with very short, stiff hairs, Leaves 3 to 6 lines, en

ess clustered than in the ordinary form, Flowers terminating loosely-leaved vens E

the ae cely pedunenlate above the last leaf. Flowers as in the common form, Ge a
- p us are more hairy and the carpels usually 4-ovulate. S. Australia, Atherstone.

voy 65 is said, in PI, Preiss. ii, 236, to have been found in York district, —
AU Om

34 II. DILLENIACE. [ Hibdertia.

I have not seen Preiss's specimen referred to, n. 2171, but should think it very probable
that Candollea teretifolia may have been mistaken for it.

$ 5. Bracteate.—Carpels glabrous. Ovules 1 or 2, erect or ascending.
Stamens usually under 20 in the first five species, more numerous in the fol-
lowing ones, without any staminodia. Leaves flat, or when narrow, convex
underneath, the margins not prominently revolute. Flowers closely sessile
within broad brown shining bracts (except in H. rostellata).

43. H. virgata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 428. - Diffuse or erect,

glabrous, with numerous thin but stiff and often wiry branches. Leaves nar-

row-linear, obtuse or scarcely acute, mostly about 4 in. long, but sometimes
much longer, stiff and rather thick, the margins not revolute, and sometimes
almost terete. Flowers sessile, surrounded by 2 or 3 very broad scarious
pale brown bracts, fully half as long as the calyx. Sepals about 4 lines long,
obtuse or more frequently acute, or with a short sharp point, glabrous and more
scarious than in any other species. Petals broadly obovate, scarcely emargi-
nate. Stamens 10 to 15, without staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulate.
—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm-^i. 14; H. angustifolia, var., F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 19.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown. í

Victoria, Murray river, and near Mount William and Port Phillip, F. Mueller; Mount
Lockhart, Moreton.

Tasmania. Sandy soil on the road from George Town to Currie’s River, Gunn.

44. H. inclusa, Benth. Alied to H. virgata, but much more rigid,
the leaves and young branches more or less hoary, and always hirsute, with
short white hairs about the floral leaves. Leaves narrow-linear or slightly
cuneate, obtuse, } to 4 in. long, rather thick, convex underneath, the floral
ones clustered. Flowers closely sessile within them, surrounded by short
broad brown scarious bracts. Sepals glabrous, about 3 lines long. Petals
obovate, entire. Stamens 12 to 15, without staminodia. Carpels 2 or 3
glabrous, 1-ovulate. .

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 13.

45? H. rostellata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 8. Branches rigid
and glabrous. Leaves rigid, thick, narrow-linear, 3 to 4 lines long, hook
at the extremity, with a short recurved sharp point, convex underneath or
nearly terete, but marked laterally with a slight furrow indicating the recu
margins which however are not prominent. Flowers nearly sessile. |
much smaller and narrower than in any of this group. Sepals glabrous, ob-
tuse, rather above 2 lines long. Stamens 15 to 20, without staminodia. Oar-
pels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 121. iti is species is some
what doubtful; the foliage is nearly that of H. e lamen aee from
both of which it widely differs in the stamens. It has not the broad brown bracts of the
Bracteate, but iu other respects comes nearer to them than to any other group.

46. H. glomerata, Benth. Rather rigid, much branched and often
tortuous, quite glabrous and often rather glaucous, or rarely with a very minute
pubescence on the young parts. Leaves from linear-cuneate to oblong 0T
cuneate, obtuse truncate or retuse, usually 4 to 4 in. long, flat or with
edges slightly recurved, and the midrib prominent underneath, the floral ones

[

j
|

— —

Hiblertia.] II. DILLENIACEX. 35

shorter and clustered, sometimes nearly ovate. Flowers rather small, sessile
in the tufts of floral leaves, and surrounded by short broad brown scarious
bracts. Sepals lanceolate, usually acute, stifly membranous, quite glabrous,
nearly 3 lines long. Petals broadly obcordate. Stamens 10 to 15, or rarely
above 20, without staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1- or 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. n. 8 of 1843.

Var.? canescens. Leaves hoary, with a minute appressed pubescence. Sepals larger but
glabrous. Gordon river, Oldfield ; rock at Oolingarran, Herb. Mueller. The specimens
are insufficient for accurate determination.

47. H. argentea, Steud. in PL. Preiss.i. 268. Allied to H. montana, but
the whole plant is silvery-white, with densely appressed silky hairs. Leaves
narrow-oblong, 4 to 2 in. long, obtuse or with a minute point, slightly con-
tracted at the base. Flowers closely sessile in tufts of floral leaves, and sur-
rounded by broad short bracts, brown on the edges, but more or less silky-
hairy on the back, and not so obtuse as in A. montana. Flowers smaller.
Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, lanceolate, acute, very silky-hairy. Petals broad,
emarginate, almost 2-lobed. Stamens above 40, without staminodia. Car-
pels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulate. Arillus very short.

W. Australia. Drummond; Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 2144.

Var. diffusa, Dwarf, with obovate-oblong leaves of 1 in. or rather more. Flowers large.
—Stoney hills, Tone river, Oldfield.

48. H. pilosa, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 272. Branches slender, weak,
loosely pubescent or hairy. Leaves narrow-oblong or oblong-oval, above 1
in. long, the margins slightly recurved, nearly glabrous, scabrous, or loosely

Iry. Flowers closely sessile, surrounded by broad brown scarious bracts,
usually mucronate, and shorter and thinner than in H. montana. Sepals
hairy, with loose spreading not silky hairs, acute, about 3 lines long. Stamens
and carpels of 7f. montana, of which this plant may possibly hereafter prove
to be a variety only.

W. Australia. Dense shady places, Darling's Range, Preiss, n. 2180 (Hb. Sonder.).

49. H. montana, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 270. Stems usually erect,

m a thick rhizome, 1 ft. high or rather more, pubescent. Leaves in the
normal form linear-oblong, obtuse, with a minute point, } to 1 in. long, the
margins slightly recurved, narrowed at the base, usually glabrous above, silky-
airy underneath. Flowers closely sessile, and surrounded by 2 or 3 orbicular
sk brown bracts. Sepals very densely clothed with long silky hairs, the
Outer ones acuminate, and often above 5 lines long. Petals obovate, emar-
mate. Stamens very numerous, without staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous,
*-ovulate.— H. discolor and H. commutata, Steud. in P]. Preiss. i. 267.
hand Australia. Hills of Swan River and Canning river, and Darling Range, Collie,
eon, Preiss, n. 2135, 2136, and 2137, and others. ds 1n P mde
367 ^ confertifolia. Leaves and flowers smaller. —H. confertifolia, Steud. s éi d
; King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 2143, an vast
in Ki major, Larger and more branched and often more or less hirsute, with ve A Nod
al rs, Leaves usually larger, on luxuriant shoots often above 1} or : M, 29 only
Map M toothed, almost all less contracted at the base than in the normal Ca? Ge iors
Pret H ovata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 270.—8wan River, Drummond it = Sh
thei, 2. 2184. Some specimens of this variety look so different from H. st ke

coarse habit, long spreading hairs, and broad-toothed leaves, that I had ork

36 II. DILLENIACES. [ Hibbertia.

them as a distinet species; but they pass into the smaller forms through so many inter-
mediates, that I have been quite unable to draw any definite limits between them.

§ 6. Subsessiles.—Carpels glabrous, usually 3, with 1 or 2 ovules in each,
but in one species 5 or more, with 6 or more ovules in each. Stamens usually
numerous, without staminodia. Leaves flat or the margins slightly recurved.
Bracts small or passing into the sépals. Flowers sessile or nearly so.

50. H. linearis, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 428. Much branched,
erect or divaricate, or rarely decumbent, glabrous in all its parts, or with a
very minute pubescence on the young shoots. Leaves in the normal forms
linear, rather acute or obtuse, with a short recurved point, 4 to 8 lines long,
or nearly 1 in. when luxuriant, the margins flat or slightly recurved, and not
convex underneath. Flowers on very short peduncles, and usually surrounded
by rather longer floral leaves, with small acuminate brown bracts at the base
of the peduncle, and one or two at the summit passing into the sepals. Se-

pals all or the inner ones only obtuse, glabrous with thin margins, 21 to 3>
lines long. Petals obovate, scarcely notched. Stamens 15 to 20, without

staminodia. Carpels usually 3, rarely 2 or 1, glabrous, 2-ovulate.
d. Moreton Island, M‘ Gz/livray, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 138, and FZ. Mizt. n. 508, and

others; and northward to New England, C. Stuart.

Var. floribunda. Sepais more acute and rather hairy. Stamens more numerous.—Peel's -

Island, 4. Cunningham. :

Var. grandiflora. Sepals above 4 lines long. Stamens about 50.—New England, C.
Stuart.

Var.? obtusifolia. More rigid than the normal form, more frequently erect, and more
or less hairy, with a minute crisped or shortly stellate tomentum, sometimes densely and
softly pubescent, and very rarely glabrous. Leaves from linear to broadly oblong-spathu-
late, very obtuse or truncate, in some southern specimens above 14 in. long, and mostly
narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers rather larger than in the normal variety, with
numerous stamens.—47. obtusifolia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 429; H. canescens, Sieb. in Spreng.
Syst. Cur. Post. 211.

Queensland. Brisbane and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 140; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller; and other
places south of Sydney, A. Cunningham.

Victoria. Goulburn river, towards the Dandenong ranges, and on the northern slopes
of the Australian Alps, F. Mueller ; also in Mitchell’s collections. The majority: of spe-
cimens of this variety have a very different aspect from those of the typical H. linearis
but as there are certainly numerous intermediates, I feel compelled to follow F. Mueller in
uniting them as varieties. He also includes in the same species the following H. diffusa,
which, however, appears to me to be rather more constant in its characters. The speci-
mens described by De Candolle were from Port Jackson, not from Van Diemen's Land.

51. H. diffusa, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 429. Stems low, usually
diffuse or prostrate, with numerous short ascending branches, pubescent or at
length glabrous. Leaves from obovate to linear-cuneate, very obtuse or trun-
cate, seldom above 4 in. long, and then often 2- or 3-toothed. Peduneles
very short. Sepals broadly oblong, obtuse, about 4 lines long, the outer ones
rather shorter and narrower. Petals obovate, entire. Stamens about 2 :
25, without staminodia. Carpels usually 3, or rarely 2 or 4, glabrous, "
ovulate.

d S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 145, and Fi. Mirt. n. 501, and
others.

*

— — "äm

Hilbertia.] II. DILLENIACE. | 37:

Var. dilatata. More erect aud very much branched, Leaves small, broadly spathulate,
and much contracted at the base, with a petiole often longer than the blade. Carpels 1, 2,
or 3.— H. monogyna, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 429; H. dilatata, A. Cunn. Herb.—
Port Jackson, R, Brown and others ; and southward to Yowaka river, F, Mueller.

52. H. saligna, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 427. Branches elongated,
flexuose, apparently diffuse or half trailing, softly pubescent when young.
Leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, usually shortly pointed, 13 to 3 in. long,
narrowed below, with a broader stem-clasping base, leaving a raised ring on
the branch, glabrous or nearly so above, loosely villous underneath. Flowers
sessile in a cluster of floral leaves. Sepals oval-oblong, 6 to $ lines long, the
inner ones obtuse, the outer ones more lanceolate and pointed, very silky-
hairy outside. Petals broadly obovate, scarcely notched. Stamens 20 to 30,
without staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

NS Wales. Port J. ackson, R. Brown aud others; to the Blue Mountains, A. Cun-
ningham, Miss Atkinson, and others.

yr 88. H, volubilis, ndr. Bot. Rep. t. 196. Stems woody, short and
trailing, or twining and climbing to the beight of 2 to 4 ft., the young parts
more or less clothed with silky hairs. Leaves from obovate to lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, 1$ to 3 in. long, narrowed below, but slightly enlarged and
stem-clasping at the base, leaving a raised ring on the stem, as in most Can-
dolleas, glabrous above, silky-hairy underneath. Flowers the largest of -
genus, nearly sessile, the upper leaves passing into sepal-like bracts. uw s
8 lines to 1 ïn. long, ovate-acuminate, very silky-hairy outside. Petals obo-
vate, entire. Stamens very numerous, without staminodia. Carpels usually
5, but sometimes up to 8, glabrous, 6- to 8-ovulate.—Dillenia scandens, Willd.
Spee. ii. 1251 ; Dillenia volubilis, Vent. Choix, t. 11 ; D. speciosa, Bot. Mag.
t. 449, not of Thunb. aded
Queensland. Loose sand and sides of rocks near the sea, Moreton Island, 2f*Gilli-
vray, F, Mueller. :
N. S. Wales. N. shore, Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; Kiama, Zarvey ;
astings river, Beckler ; Paramatta, Woolls.

§ 7. Hemihibbertie.—Carpels glabrous, except in H. grossulariefolia and

- lasiopus. Stamens vuy misit with several, often —€— small
Subulate or clavate staminodia round the outside. Leaves flat. Flowers
pedunculate,

54. H. grossularizefolia, Salish. Parad. Lond. t. 13 (Burtonia on the
plate). Stems weak and prostrate or trailing, loosely pubescent. Serien
distinctly petiolate, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse, 1 to 14 in. long, he pi
and coarsely toothed, prominently pinnate-veined underneath, glabrous

Scabrous above, more or less pubescent or hairy underneath. Flowers rather

pall, on fili i ith 2 or 3 narrow bracts at their
b filiform peduncles of 1 in. or more, wi ug, sifiy-lllry.

Sepals ova uminate, about 3 lines ^

Petals dees beer Stamens numerous, with several ae
or clavate staminodia outside; anthers short but oblong. ` Carpels 10 bb Te.
Sus, 2-ovulate.—Bot. Mag. t. 1218; DC. Syst. Veg. i. 425 ; eget d.
et Deser, PI. t. 74 ; H. crenata, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 472; H. latifolia, 26
n Dime. i. 269; Warburtonia potentillina, F. Muell. Fragm. 1. ;
; H. 189

98. II, DILLENIACE. [ Hibbertia.

W. Australia. Sandy and rocky places near the sea, King George's Sound, R. Brown,
Menzies; Swan River, Collie, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2126; Cape Naturaliste, Oldfield.

55. H. dentata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i.426. Stems woody at the
base only, trailing or twining, glabrous or the young branches pubescent.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, oblong, obtuse or acute, 14 to 23 in. long, flat,
marked with a few distant callous teeth, or slightly sinuate, rounded at the
base, glabrous or pubescent when young. Flowers rather large, on short pe-
duneles, with 1 or 2 small bracts at their base. Sepals ovate, in. long, the
inner ones obtuse, the outer rather shorter and more acute, rarely all acumi-
nate, pubescent or silky-hairy. Petals obovate, entire or scarcely notched.
Stamens very numerous with slender filaments, the anthers short, although
not so broad as in the Brachyanthere, and a considerable number of filiform
or clavate staminodia outside. Carpels 3, glabrous, 6- to 8-ovulate.—F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 217; Bot. Reg. t. 282; Bot. Mag. t. 2338.

N. S. Wales. Woods and stony places near the sea, Port Jackson, R. Brown, Caley,
and others; northward to Hastings and Clarence rivers, Bechler ; and southward to Illawara,
A, Cunningham ; and Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Stony forest declivities, near the Genoa river, Genoa Peak, and other
localities at the S. E. limit of Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

56. H. perfoliata, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 3. Stems weak, procum-
bent, ascending or shortly erect, or sometimes shortly trailing, quite glabrous
as well as the whole plant. Leaves ovate, acute, 1 to 2 in. long, often edged
with minute distant teeth, perfoliate near the base, the auricles quite united
behind the stem. Peduncles 1 to 2 in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, 4 to 5 lines long. Petals obovate, entire. Stamens numerous,
with a few short filiform staminodia outside. Carpels 3, 4, or 5, glabrous.
— Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 64.

W. Australia. Marshes, Swan River, Z/zege/ ; Freemantle, Collie; shady boggy
places about Perth, Preiss, n. 2127; Vasse river, Oldfield; King George's Sound, 4.
Cunningham.

57. H. bracteosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 140. Stems erect,
somewhat compressed, with 2 prominent angles, 1 to 14 ft. high, glabrous
like the whole plant. Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long;
closely clasping the stem at their base, the auricles slightly decurrent or pro-
jecting beyond the stem. Peduncles leaf-opposed or axillary, 1 in. long oF
more. Flowers large. Sepals ovate, 5 to 6 lines long, the inner ones obtuse,
the outer more acute. Petals very broadly obcordate. Stamens very nume-
i tup a few filiform staminodia outside. Carpels 5, glabrous, 3- or 4-
ovulate.

W. Australia. Drummond, n, 286; Plantagenet, Stirling, Perongerup ranges,
Maxwell.

58. H. amplexicaulis, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 266. Perfectly gla
brous like the last two, with ascending or perhaps half-trailing stems of 1
2 ft. Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblong, acute, 2 to 3 in. long, embracing
the stem by two ovate auricles, quite free or occasionally united beyond the
stem. Peduncles flexuose, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers rather large. Sepa!
fully 6 lines, ovate-lanceolate, and very acute in the original specimens, bri
and very obtuse in many others. Petals broadly obovate, entire or slightly

— LE

Hibbertia. II. DILLENIACEJE. 39

notched. Stamens very numerous, with a few filiform staminodia outside.
Carpels 4 or 5, glabrous, 4-ovulate.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies; and thence to Vasse and Swan
rivers, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2199, Oldfield, and others. j

Some specimens have the auricles of the lower leaves more or less united, thus showing
an approach to H. perfoliata, and have been described as species under the names of H.
bupleurifolia, Lehm. Nov. Hort. Hamb. and Linnea, xxv. 307, and of H. disticha, Lehm.
le. 309. They may be readily distinguished from .H. perfoliata, by the thicker rigid
pedicels, larger broader sepals, etc. Ou the other hand, narrow-leaved branches appear
almost to pass into H. Cunninghamii.

59. H. Cunninghamii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3183. Perfectly glabrous,
with slender branches apparently. tending to climb. Leaves linear, mostly
pointed, 1 to 12 or rarely 2 in. long, the edges scarcely recurved, narrowed
below the middle, but expanded again into a stem-clasping or sagittate base.
Peduncles axillary, 4 to 2 in. long, with a few small leafy bracts at their base.
Sepals thin, about 3 lines long, broadly ovate, the outer ones more acute,
Petals slightly notched. Stamens numerous, with numerous short filiform
staminodia outside. Carpels 5, glabrous, 3- or 4-ovulate.— Candollea CV
ninghamii, Benth. in Maund. Bot. ii. t. 83; Hibbertia lactucefolia, Steud. in
PL Preiss. i, 267. C

W. Australia. SCH , : A. Cunningham, and others; Cape
Riche, Harvey ; EO Mugs ieu i Fifi ini datas Sein, n. 2161 and 2173;
Stirling range, Mazrwell ; Cape Naturaliste, Oldfield. d i

Var. hastata. Leaves rather broader, the broadest nearly 3 lines, and. carpels, according
to Steudel, 2 only. I have only seen fragments, —H. hastata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. 1. 2966— -
S. W, Australia, Preiss, n, 2128.

60. H. glaberrima, P. Muell. Fragm. iii. 1. Perfectly glabrous.
aves (the upper ones only known) oblong-lanceolate, obtuse with a short
glandular point, 1 to 14 in. long, quite entire, tapering below the middle al-
post into a petiole, and slightly expanded so as to half-clasp the branch,
eduncles axillary or terminal, about 1i in. long. Innermost sepals fully 6
to 7 lines long, and very broad, the others gradually diminishing to the outer-
most, which is lanceolate and about 3 lines. Petals not much longer than
the calyx. Stamens very numerous (200 to 300), with numerous (2 or 3
dozen) short clavate staminodia outside. Carpels 3, glabrous, with about 8
es in each.
S. Australia. Inthe interior at Brinkley’s Bluff, near Macdonnell’s Range, M‘Douall

"n Briet nearly allied to H. amplexicaulis, but without the basal auricles

61. H, Mylnei, Benth. Resembles, at first sight, some of the hairy varieties
of H. montana, but the flowers are different. Stems in our specimens e
and erect from a thick rhizome, hispid as well as the leaves with long por 1
Mg or reflexed hairs. Leaves oblong, obtuse, or shortly pointed, —

TNL in, long, slightly contracted, and half stem-clasping at the d og
Margins Scarcely recurved, Flowers closely sessile in a cluster of s at
floral leaves, and surrounded by brown searious bracts as 1n JH. SEN 2

Sepals (5 or 6 lines long) are glabrous, the petals almost 2-lobed, an ded
numerous stamens, with slender filaments and short anthers, are d'ici

Y small, filiform or slightly clavate staminodia. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-ovulaic.

40 II. DILLENIACEZ. i ( Hibbertia.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Mylne. e

62. EX. lasiopus, Benth. Stems usually rather short, with a short
pubescence, mixed with long spreading hairs, in our specimens nearly simple
and erect from a thick rhizome. Leaves from obovate to oblong, 1 to 2 in.
long, or rather more, the larger ones often coarsely toothed and more or less
-hairy, the younger ones often deeply toothed, narrowed but half-stem-clasp-
ing at the base. Flowers on very hairy peduncles of $ to. 15 in., surround
at the base by broad brown scarious bracts. Sepals very densely silky-hairy,
4 in. long, acuminate. Petals broadly obovate, deeply notched. Stamens
very numerous, with a ring of filiform or clavate staminodia outside. Carpels
5, very villous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Mylne.

63. H. potentilleeflora, F. Muell. Herb. Stems either nearly simple,
erect, from a thick rhizome, and } to 1 foot high, or longer, and branched,
hoary, with a short, close, somewhat silky pubescence, Leaves oblong-linear oF
lanceolate, usually obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, the margins flat or slightly recurved,
silky-hairy on both sides when young, but nearly glabrous above when old,
. narrowed below, and scarcely stem-clasping. Peduncles clustered, or rarely
solitary, silky-hairy, 1 to 1} in. long, surrounded at the base by broad brow?
searious bracts. Sepals silky-hairy, ovate, rather acute, about 5 lines long;
with membranous edges. Petals obovate, retuse, stamens very numerous,
more or less clustered between the carpels, but free, with a considerable
number of subulate staminodia outside. ^ Antbers. oval-oblong, opening
laterally. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Let Coll.; Murchison River, Oldfield.

§ 8. Brachyanthere.—Carpels glabrous. Stamens about 15 to 20, with-
out staminodia. Anthers (except in H. pungens) ovate or orbicular, flattene
with the cells opening on the inner face. Leaves narrow-linear, glabrous.
Flowers pedunculate.

64. H. pungens, Benth. Glabrous and rigid with the pungent leaves
of H. acicularis and H. acerosa, but very different stamens. Leaves narrow-
linear, or linear-subulate, often fasciculate, the longest about 4 in. long, very
rigid, with a fine pungent point. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, recurved-
Sepals about 2 lines long, broad, obtuse, or the outer ones with a short, fine
point, quite glabrous. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate. Stamens about 15,
without staminodia. Anthers oblong.

W. Australia. E. Mount Barren and Phillip’s River, Marwell (Hb. F. Muell.)-

65. H. nutans, Benth. Branches rigid, rather wiry, and erect from a
thick rhizome, the young ones ash-coloured, but glabrous. Leaves TIE
linear, with a short recurved point, mostly about 3 in. long, the margins
slightly recurved, the midrib underneath very thick, whitish, but glabrou*
Peduneles recurved, about } in. long. Sepals 5 to 6 lines, glabrous,
inner ones with membranous edges. Petals not seen. Stamens about 20,
without staminodia. Anthers ovate, flat, opening inwards, the connective
ending in an obtuse, prominent point. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 10.

Hibbertia.| II. DILLENIACER. 41

66. EX. leptopus, Benth. Glabrous and slender, like H. stellaris, but
stiffer and less branched, and the branches usually ashy-white. Leaves
narrow-linear, obtuse, or nearly so, 4 to 14 in. long, the edges so revolute as
to make them nearly terete. — Pedicels very slender, usually about 3 in. long.
Flowers of H. stellaris, but smaller, the sepals more herbaceous. Anthers
nearly orbicular, and very concave on the inner face. Carpels of H. stellaris,

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 11.

67. H. stellaris, Lindl. in Huey. Enum. 3. Glabrous, with numerous
slender branches. Leaves linear, flat, acute, and somewhat falcate, mostly
about 1 in. long, narrowed below the middle, the floral ones often slightly
enlarged and sheathing, or stem-clasping at the base. Flowers numerous, on
slender peduncles of 4 to $ in. Sepals orbicular, membranous, very obtuse,
about 2 lines long. Petals nearly twice as long, broad, deeply notched and
more persistent than in most. species. Stamens about 15, without stami-
nodia, the anthers short, broad, and flattened, turned over the ovaries, and
opening on the inner face. Carpels 3, very truncate, glabrous, l- or 2-ovu-

te.— H. tenuiramea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. 1. 268.

W. Australia. Sandy places, Swan River, Hugel, Preiss, n. 2145; from Geographer
Bay and Gordon river to Murchison river, Maxwell, Oldfield, and others.

3. CANDOLLEA, Labill.

Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens united to the middle or higher up, into five
bundles, each bearing 2 to 6 anthers, and alternating with the carpels when
there are five carpels, or when the carpels are reduced to 3 or 2, 2 or 3 of
the bundles are often reduced to a single stamen, and in some species there
is a free stamen within each bundle. No staminodia. Carpels usually 3 or
5, very rarely reduced to 2, always glabrous, with 1, 2, or very rarely 3
ovules in each. Styles and fruit of ZZióóertia.—Shrubs or undershrubs with

the habit of Hiddertia.
All the known species are from West Australia.

Flowers sessile within the floral leaves. -

Leaves with flat, or slightly recurved, not revolute margins.

ves obovate or oblong. Carpels 5, 2- or 3-ovulate. `
Leaves obovate or shortly obovate-cuneate. Petals slightly
eg a Bu EE 6 5. E -'
ves narrow-oblong, 1 to 2 in. Petals much longer than
the calyx, deeply notched ange Wow P et
ves linear or subulate. Carpels 8 to 5, diede SS
ves li 3 into a V
: ed as EE — m De og do A 10 o plebeii.
Leaves linear, slightly dilated at the base, obtuse or trun- -
cate, $ to 1 "a Ond b rarely 60 l0. 76 egen
Leaves -heathlike, clustered, mostly 2 to 4 lines. Carpels 3 4. C. teretifolia.

aves linear, with revolute margins
ves heathlike, glabrous, mostly 2 to 4 lines. Flowers
Small. Sepalsglabrous. . . . . - +s + cL ues
"din — mostly $ in., the floral ones and sepals hairy.
arpels 5.

Stem shrubby. Leaves rigid, the floral ones long, gla-
brous at the tips . QU ENS Se E ee

1. €. cuneiformis.

9. C. tetrandra.

4. C. teretifolia.

5. C. desmophylľa.

42 II. DILLENIACEJE. ( Candollea.

Stem half herbaceous. Leaves very hirsute, the floral i
ones not exceeding the flowers. . . . . . + . +6. C. helianthemoides,
Carpels 5. Stem half herbaceous . . . . . 7. C. fasciculata.
Leaves mostly 1 to 2 in. long and scarcely clustered.
Glabrous. Leaves rigid, mostly acute. Staminal bundles of
BOONE GSS cet GUESS Zéi UR
Silky-hairy. Leaves less rigid, more obtuse, Staminal
bundles of 2 or 3 each . Pa i v veter
Flowers pedunculate.
Peduncles shorter than the enlarged sheaths of the floral leaves.
Leaves flat, obtuse, or truncate,
Blade of the floral leaves longer than their sheaths . . . .
Sheaths of the floral leaves 3 in., with the blade reduced to a
Mu PUE LU DU E, Vel
Peduncles longer than the sheaths of the floral leaves. Leaves
flat or the margins scarcely recurved, obtuse or truncate.
Plant very glaucous. Leaves thick, broadly linear, mostly
above lin. Peduncles tomentose, scarcely longer than the

8. C. Huegelit.

9. C. pachyrrhiza.

10. C. glaberrima,

fone eer 5.53 40. ee ee C. Ereeemgeieg
Plant slightly glaucous. Leaves narrow, $ to l in. Peduncles
long, slender, glabrous . . . . . . . Lë C. pedunculata. |
* Peduncles short. Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, thick, without
sheaths.
Leaves with a straight pungent point . . . . . . . . I4. C. exasperata.
Leaves recurved at the top . . . . . - . + e 15. C. uncinata.

1. C. cuneiformis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 34, ¢.176. An erect shrub,
attaining sometimes above a man’s height, but often much lower, with numerous
short, crowded branches, the young ones slightly hairy. Leaves from oblong-
cuneate to obovate, obtuse, truncate, or with a few teeth at the top, seldom
above 1 in. long, flat, narrowed into a short stem-clasping petiole, leaving à
prominent ring on the brauch. Flowers sessile among the crowded floral — .
leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, the 2 outer ones thick, about 4 in. long, the |
inner shorter, thinner, and broader. Petals rather longer, broad, and deeply |
notched. Stamens in 5 bunches of 3 to 5 each, with one free one within
each bunch. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-ovulate. Arillus more than half as long
as the seed.—Bot. Mag. t. 2711; Hibbertia obcuneata, Salisb. Parad. Lond,
under n. 73.

Ww. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others ; Point Possession, Collie ;
Champion Bay, Bower ; Geographer Bay and Bald Island, Oldfield.

7 2. C. tetrandra, Lindi. Bot, Reg. 1842, Misc. 39, and 1843, t. 50.
Branches elongated, angular, shortly pubescent. Leaves from narrow-oblong
to oblong-obovate, obtuse, or shortly acuminate, but not truncate, 1 to 2$ in.
long, the larger ones obscurely or coarsely toothed, narrowed at the base, an
stem-clasping, as in C. cuneiformis. Flowers as in that species, but larger,
the outer almost acute sepals often 8 lines, and the petals fully 1 in, Stamens
of C. euneiformis. Carpels 5, glabrous, with 2 or rarely 3 ovules in cach.
Ripe carpels black, and somewhat fleshy. Seeds more or less enveloped in
an orange-coloured lobed arillus.— C. latifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 2173.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; ; Sg
nault, Preiss, n. 2162. mond, Coll. 1843, a. 6 ; shady places, Por Lesche

C. calycina, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 274, from Port Leschenault and Sussex distri —
Preiss, n. 2131, appears to be the same species, although the petals are said to be smaller.

EGAL At A. EE

Candollea.] IL. DILLENIACES. 43

The specimens I have seen are bad, and the petals shrivelled or fallen off, the carpels nearly
ripe, š

3. C. glomerosa, Benth. Stems virgate, usually glabrous, except
about the floral leaves. Leaves linear, obtuse, or truncate, mostly $ to 1 in.
long, glabrous, the margins flat or recurved, but not revolute, narrowed below
the middle, and slightly enlarged and stem-clasping at the base. Flowers
nearly or quite sessile, usually surrounded by 2 or 3 ovate glabrous bracts,
sometimes passing into the sepals. Calyx clothed with long, silky, or woolly
hairs, or sometimes quite glabrous, the outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3
to 4 lines long, the inner broad and more obtuse. Petals broad, notched.
Stamens in 5 bundles of 4 to 6 each, often with a free one inside. Carpels

5, glabrous, 1-ovulate. Seeds brown, with a short, entire, or lobed arillus.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; Port Gregory, Oldfield. eg
Var. subsericea. More silky; stamens fewer, two of the clusters reduced to single
stamens, and carpels 3 only.—Swan River, Drummond.

4. C. teretifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 7. Perfectly glabrous.
Branches slender, erect, virgate. Leaves heath-like, often clustered, linear,
semiterete, slender, and rather acute, usually 2 or 3 lines, but in some specimens
a in. long, the margins scarcely or not at all revolute, Flowers small,
Sessile in the clusters of leaves. Sepals ovate, membranous, coloured, scarcely
2 lines long, with 2 or 3 short orbieular bracts. Petals broadly obovate,
entire. Stamens in 3 clusters of about 3 each, often less united than in most
Candolleas, and 2 single stamens. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovulate. The general
aspect is very much that of the small glabrous-leaved specimens of Hibéertia
Fasciculata, but the stamens and ovaries are very different.—Pleurandra
enervia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 421?, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 264; P. hemignosta
Sec hibbertioides, Steud. Le i. 265. awe

- Australia. Ki ge" Harvey, Oldfield; ironstone gravel of tl
Darling Hills, Coal d e Es p^ Coll. x. 1M. sandy places, Plantagenet dis-
trict, and along places on the N. side of Mount Bakewell, Preiss, n. 2155, 2163, 2164, and
2172; and eastward to Phillips river, Mazwell—I have been unable’ to find authentic
eters of the plant described by De Candolle in the Lambertian Herbarium, now dis-

Tn one specimen from the East River flats, Stokes’ Inlet, Mazwell, the leaves are not so
slender, very obtuse or récurved at the top, and grooved underneath by the slightly recurved
margins, but the flowers are precisely the same.

5. C. desmophylla, Benth. Stems rigid, divaricately branched, glabrous,
or the young ones loosely pubescent. Leaves densely clustered, linear, ob-
tuse, mostly about 3 in. long, the margins closely revolute, rather dilated at
the base, clothed with long, loose, spreading hairs, to about the middle,
glabrous, smooth, and almost terete above. Flowers sessile in the clusters,
much shorter than all except the innermost leaves, and immediately surrounded

Y à few imbricate membranous bracts, with brown tips, passing into similar

ut longer sepals, of which the innermost are 2j lines long and —
Without the brown tips. Petals obovate, obtuse. Stamens m 3 bundles o
3 or 4 each, and 2 single ones. Carpels 8, glabrous, 1-ovulate.

w. Australia. Drummond ; Murchison river, Oldfield. z
6. C. helianthemoides, Zurez. i» Bull. Mose. 1849, i. S. Stem

44 : II. DILLENIACES. | [ Candollea.

erect or procumbent, rather slender, and apparently half herbaceous, about
1 foot long, the branches clustered or dichotomous, the young ones as well as
the leaves softly hairy. Leaves usually clustered, linear or linear-lanceolate,
obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, the margins rather thick and revolute, Flowers — |
sessile within the clusters of leaves, the bracts at their base small, or none.
Sepals oblong, obtuse, about 25 lines long, membranous and coloured. Petals d
broadly 2-lobed, narrowed into a claw. Stamens in 5 bundles, of which ` .
usually 3 have 3 or 4 each, and 2 have only 2 each. -Carpels 3, glabrous,
1-ovulate.
WV. Australia. Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 118.
|
|
!

72 7. C. fasciculata, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 424. Stems procum-
bent, half herbaceous, loosely clothed as well as the leaves with silky or
almost woolly hairs, which wear off with age. Leaves clustered below the
branches and about the flowers, distant on the branches, linear, obtuse, $ tol
in. long, or much shorter on the smaller branches, all with the margins revo-
lute. Flowers sessile in the clusters of leaves, which are all longer than them, —
except a few of the innermost. Sepals membranous, about 3 lines long, |
slightly hairy, the outer ones acute, the inner ones less so. Stamens in 3
bundles, usually of 3 each, without free inner ones. Carpels 5, glabrous,
1-ovulate.—-Hibbertia depressa, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 268; C. kochioides, |
Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 7 (from the description given), 1

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others ; in woody places, My/ne;
sandy hills near Albany, Preiss, n. 2153.

8. C. Huegelii, Zad/ in Hueg. Enum. 2. Branches stiff, but often
elongated, glabrous and shining, or shortly villous about the floral leaves.
Leaves narrow-linear, with the margins so closely revolute as to appear almost,
terete, acute, but frequently broken off at the ends so as to appear truncate, -
1 to 2 in. long, or even more on vigorous shoots, the floral ones dilated and
stem-clasping at the base. Flowers nearly sessile in clusters of floral leaves,
with small lanceolate acuminate bracts at their base. Sepals fully 4 in. long;
ovate-acuminate, usually pubescent outside. Petals narrow-obovate, entire,
or nearly so, Stamens in 5 bundles of about 5 each, with one free one inside
each bundle. Carpels 5, or very rarely 4, glabrous, 1-ovulate.—C. striata, j
Steud, in Pl. Preiss. i. 275. T

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond and others; in sandy places near Perth, |
Preiss, n. 2148; between Perth and King George's Sound, Harvey.—I have not see
Huegel's original specimen, but have no doubt of the identity of the species.

7 9. C.pachyrrhiza, Benth. Nearly allied to C. Huegelii, and possibly
a variety only, the stems are ‘more erect, apparently arising from a t
rhizome, and more or less silky-hairy, as well as the leaves. Leaves usually
shorter and more obtuse, yet still exceeding 1 in. and nearly terete. Flowers
similar to those of C. Huegelii, but smaller, and with fewer stamens, there
being usually only 2 or 3 to each bundle, and the inner free ones often de
ficient.—Hibbertia pachyrrhiza, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 269; H. basitricht,

Steud. Le 268.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; between Perth and King George's Sound,
Harvey ; sandy and stony places, Darling Range, Preiss, n, 2149 and 2165.
— —

Candollea.] IL DILLENIACE®. 45

^ 10. C. glaberrima, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 274. Apparently procum-
bent, much branched and somewhat glaucous, either quite glabrous or slightly
pubescent on the smaller shoots. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse with

za small point, 4 to 1 in. long, or rather more, suddenly enlarged at the base
mto a stem-clasping sheath 2 to 3 lines long, leaving a ring round the stem
when they fall off. Pedicels included in the sheath, with 2 or 3 lanceolate
bracts at their base. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 4 to 5 lines long, more dis-
tinctly united than in most species into a short tube at the base, quite gla-
brous, keeled, membranous on the edges. Petals narrow-obovate, entire.
Stamens in 3 bundles of 2 or 3 each, and 2 single ones. Carpels 3, glabrous,
l-ovulate.— C. subvaginata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 275 ; C. rupestris, Steud.
Le, (sheaths of the floral leaves rather shorter).

.W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; sandy, shrubby, and woody places, Perth
district, Preiss, n. 2157; Hay district, ». 2160; and clefts of rocks of Darling Range,
ZEE. TT, Tg

ll. C. vaginata, Benth. Stems numerous, erect from a thick rhizome,
and but little branched, the whole plant glaucous and glabrous, except a
slight pubescence on the flowering shoots. Lower eaves linear or linear-lan-
ceolate, acute, 1 to 2 in. long, narrowed below the middle, and scarcely en-
larged at the base, the floral ones very much enlarged and sheathing below,
the upper ones reduced to broad loose acute sheaths of about 3 in. Pedicels
Very short and included in the sheaths, bearing a few minute bracts, and a
larger one under the flower. Sepals glabrous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, about
3 lines long. Petals obovate, ietuse. Stamens in 3 or rarely 2 bundles of 2
or 3 each, and 2 or rarely 3 single ones. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond.

12. OO. Preissiana, Seud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 274. Much branched, and
. More or less glaucous and glabrous, or with a slight down or woolly hairs at
the base of the floral leaves. Leaves linear-oblong or linear-cuneate, obtuse
With a short point, or more frequently truncate or 3-toothed, $ to 13 in. long,
and mostly 12 to 2 lines broad, rather thick, flat, narrowed below the middle,
but mostly, especially the floral ones, again dilated and stem-clasping at the
base, leaving a prominent ring. Flowers irregularly clustered in the upper
axils, on pedicels of 2 to 5 lines. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, thin and yellow
“specially on the edges, the outer ones acute, the inner obtuse and petal-like.
Petals narrow-obovate, slightly notched. Stamens in 3 or 2 bundles of about
3 each, and 2 or 3 single ones. Carpels 3, glabrous, 1-ovulate.
G w. Australia. Burges; maritime rocks, Perth district, Preiss, n. 2159 5; Port
regory, Oldfield. This may probably prove to be a variety of C. pedunculata.

7 18. C. peduncula R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 424. Stems usually

/ nhe weak, ake ee or Ce on a thick rhizome to about a

foot, but sometimes more rigid with short branches; glabrous, except a few

airs about the floral leaves. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, e.

cate or emarginate, 3 to 11 in. long, the margins recurved, narrowed be 2
With a broader stem-elasping or sheathing base, leaving a raised iym

the stem, glabrous and in the larger specimens somewhat glaucous. | un-

cles usually clustered with small leaves in the upper axils, slender, 4 to z in.

46 Il. DILLENIACES, [ Candollea.

long, forming a kind of leafy raceme. Sepals about 2 lines long, obtuse, or
the outer ones acute, glabrous, membranous on the edge. Petals clawed,
obovate-oblong, entire. Stamens in 3 or 4 bundles of 3 or 4, with 2 or 1
single. Carpels 3 or 4, glabrous, 1-ovulate—C. racemosa, Endl. in Hueg.
Enum. 2; C. tridentata, Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 140; C. assimilis,
Steud, in Pl. Preiss. i. 273; C. parviflora, Steud. Lei 270 ; Hibbertia sub-
excisa, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 269.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; Swan River, Drum-

mond, 5th Coll. n. 288, Oldfield; sands near Perth, Preiss, n. 2133 b, 2146, and 2150;
and northwards to Murchison river, Oldfield. gës "id

14, C. exasperata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss.i.276. Rigid, much branched
and glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, thick and rigid, pointed and almost
pungent, about X in. long, slightly hoary or scabrous, but glabrous, the re-
curved margins slightly indicated by two striæ underneath. Peduncles I to
2 lines long, erect, with small braets at their base, and a large sepal-like one
under the calyx. Sepals broad, obtuse, stiff, and dry, the inner ones nearly 4
lines, the outer shorter and often slightly hoary on the bud. Petals obovate,
rather narrow, notched. Stamens scarcely united above the middle in 5 bun-
dies of 3 or sometimes 2 each, without single ones. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-
ovulate.— Hibbertia squamosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 9.

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, Ath Coll. n. 122; Roe; gravelly places,
Quanyen Plaius, Victoria district, Preiss, n. 2175. The foliage is nearly that of Hidbertia
mucronata,

15. C. uncinata, Benth. Rigid, much branched and glabrous. Leaves
narrow-linear, rigid, recurved upwards and obtuse, or with a minute reflexed
point, 2 to 4 lines long, the margins closely revolute, smooth or marked with
slight asperities. Pedicels 1 to 3 lines long, with a few narrow pointed bracts
at their base, but none under the flower. Sepals broad, concave, very obtuse,
glabrous, about 2 lines long. Petals broadly obovate, retuse. Stamens in 5
bundles of usually 3 each, without any free ones. Carpels 5, glabrous, 2-
ovulate.

W. Australia. Drummond. The foliage resembles that of Hibbertia recurvifolia and
AT, rostellata. :

C. cygnorum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss, i. 275, is unknown to me. It is described as having
leaf-opposed peduncles, bracteate in the middle, which is so unlike the inflorescence of any
Dilleniacea, that I cannot but suspect it is some very different plant incorrectly described.

4. ADRASTABA, DC.

Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10, or occasionally fewer, in a single series,
filaments dilated and regularly cohering in a short tube round the pistil.
Carpels and fruit of Hibbertia.

The genus consists of only one species, with the habit of a HisSertia or Candollea.

l. A. salicifolia, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 424. Branches rather slender, ap-
parently erect, the young ones silky-hairy. Leaves linear or linear-oblong:
mostly with a minute fine point, $ to 14 in. long, often bordered by a few
remote and minute callous teeth, glabrous above when old, more or less si
underneath. Flowers small, sessile in clusters of small leaves in the older
axils. Sepals lanceolate, very acute, nearly 3 lines long. Petals scarcely

paries

Adrastea.) II. DILLENIACEÆ. 47

longer, obovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers oblong, longer than the filaments.
Carpels 2, glabrous, 1-ovulate..—HMibbertia salicifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 161.
Queensland. Freshwater swamps and rushy peat bogs about Moreton Bay and
Moreton and Peels Islands, 4. Cunningham, M‘Gillivray, F. Mueller.
N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; margins of bogs, 4. Cunningham.

5. PACHYNEMA, R. Br.
(Huttia, Drumm. and Harv.)

_ Sepals 5. Petals 5, rarely reduced to 4 or 3. Stamens usually 10, outer
ones in a single series all round the carpels, either all perfect, or 2 or 3 of
them reduced to small staminodia ; filaments either thickened and ovoid, or
flat, short, and broad; anthers erect; two inner staminodia alternating with
the carpels, and similar to the perfect stamens, except that the anthers are
‘small and empty or wanting. Carpels 2, 2-ovulate. Styles and fruit of
Hibbertia.—Perennial herbs or undershrubs, with erect, branching, rush-like
or flattened stems, apparently leafless, the leaves being all reduced to minute
scales, except sometimes a few at the base of the stem. Flowers small, on
very short recurved lateral peduncles. Bracts minute.

A small genus, entirely Australian. The three species of one section all tropical, the
fourth western.

Sect. 1. Kfuttia.— Filaments flat, very short. Anthers long. 1. P. conspicuum.

Pret, 2, Pachynema.— Filaments thick, ovoid. Anthers small, the cells somewhat
diverging, *

Stem and branches terete and fuhlke. o e r e . . e. SAX, jene
Stem and branches flat.
Branches 1 to 2 lines broad, not glaucous . . . . . A P. complanatum.
Branches 1 to 4 in. broad or more, very glaucous. . . . . . 4 P. dilatatum.

SECTION I. Hurrra.—Filaments flat and very short. Anthers long.—
Huttia (genus), Drumm. and Harv.

l. P. conspicuum, Benth. Stems erect, from a thick rhizome, 1 to 14
ft. high, ume terete and rush-like, glabrous or slightly hirsute at the
base. Leaves few and small at the base of the stem, narrow and mostly 3-
lobed, the upper ones all reduced to minute distant scales. Peduncles few
towards the top of the branches, 2 to 4 lines long, rather thick and recurved,
each bearing 1 flower, much larger than in the other species. Sepals fully 4

es long, the outer ones lanceolate and acute, the inner broader, more obtuse
and membranous on one side. Petals obovate or orbicular, entire. Stamens
of the outer row usually 7 only, the anthers oblong-linear, with the cells open-
CR laterally , the three others reduced to minute staminodia; the 2 inner

modia like the perfect stamens, except that the anthers are lanceolate
and petal-like, their cells empty with the inner valve smaller than the outer
One. — Hultia conspicua, Drumm. and Harv. in Hook. Kew Journ. Vii. 51.
ope; astralia, Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond ; Murchison river,

a porro IL PacnuyxEMA.—Filaments ovoid, tapering at the top, with
ort terminal anthers, :

? P. junceum, Benih. Stems erect, branching, 1 to 1} ft. high,

48 II. DILLENIACE.E. [ Pachynema.

terete and rush-like, or very slightly compressed, but scarcely angular, finely
striate. Leaves all reduced to minute distant scales. Peduneles usually
solitary, slender, recurved, 1 to 3 lines long, or terminating the branches.
Sepals orbicular, about 2 lines long, the outer ones rather smaller. Petals
obovate-orbicular, entire, about the same size as the sepals. Stamens of the
outer row usually 7 or 8, perfect, the filaments thick, fleshy and ovoid at the
base, tapering at the top, where they bear 2 small innate diverging cells, the
3 or 2 other outer stamens reduced to minute staminodia, the 2 inner stami-
nodia like the perfect stamens, but without anthers. Carpels 2, glabrous,
tapering into pointed styles so as very much to resemble the stamens in shape.
Ovules 2 in each ovary.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria river, Bynoe.

3. P. complanatum, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 412. Erect, leafless
and glabrous, like the last species, and the lower part of the stem at length
terete, but the branches are all flattened with thin edges, more or less
thickened in the middle, and seldom above 2 lines broad. Scales minute and
distant. Peduncles exceedingly short, usually several together in a little
cluster or short raceme. Flowers as in P. junceum. In the one I opened

there were 8 perfect outer stamens, and I could not find the 2 minute abor- `

tive ones to complete the ring. The inner staminodia and carpels precisely
as in P. junceum.—Deless. Ic. Sel. i. t. 73.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown; Melville Island, Fraser; Port Essington, A,
Cunningham, Leichhardt.

4. P. dilatatum, Benth. Allied to P. complanatum, but apparently
taller and more robust, of a very glaucous hue, and the branches, thick and
angular, dilated upwards to the breadth of from 1 to 1 in., and 2 to 3 lines
broad even on the smallest branches. Peduncles on the edges of the branches
or in the forks. Flowers as in the last two species. In one of those I ex-
amined I found all 10 of the outer stamens perfect.

N. Australia. Macadam range, F. Mueller.

Orprr HI. MAGNOLIACEZ.

Sepals and petals several, imbricate, and often passing gradually from the
one to the other, deciduous; or in the Australian genus the calyx exception-
ally 2- or 3-cleft. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous ; filaments often thicken
or dilated, anthers adnate. Carpels indefinite, rarely solitary, free or partially
cohering. Ovules 2 or more, attached to the inner angle of the cavity, 9f
rarely ascending from the base. Stigma sessile. Ripe carpels opening in
valves or indehiscent. Seeds with a erustaceous testa, often succulent exter-
nally; albumen copious, oily. Embryo minute, near the hilum, with diva-
ricate cotyledons.—Trees or shrubs, often aromatic. Leaves alternate, undi-
vided, reticulately penninerved, entire or toothéd, with or without stipules.
Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or fasciculate, often large.

An Order chiefly distributed over tropical and eastern temperate Asia and North America,
and only represented by one somewhat anomalous genus in the southern hemisphere.

III. MAGNOLIACEX. 49

l. DRIMYS, Forst.
(Tasmannia, R. Br.)

Sepals 2 or 3, membranous, united in the bud in a globular calyx, irregu-
larly split or separating when open. Petals usually few. Filaments thick,
the anther-cells parallel or divergent. Carpels various in number, mostly
solitary in the Australian species, containing several ovules. Berries inde-
hiscent.—Glabrous and aromatic trees or shrubs. Leaves marked with pel-
lucid dots. Peduncles (in the Australian species 1 -flowered) arising from the
axils of deciduous scales at the base of the new shoots, but as these shoots
are rarely developed till the fruit has ripened, the flowers appear to be in ter-
mmal umbels with a central bud. Flowers of a greenish-yellow or white, or

m some species (not Australian) pink.

Besides the two Australian species, there are one in New Zealand, one or more in New Ca-
ona, one in Borneo, and one in South America.

`

Leaves tapering into a short petiole. Berries small, globular . . . 1. D. aromatica.
ves narrowed below, but obtuse or 2-auriculate at the very base. :
Berries ovoid, about $in. long; . . . . . + + + + os + 2. D. dipetala.

l. D. aromatica, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. 3. 20. A bushy shrub or small tree,
rarely attaining the height of 30 ft., and very dwarf in alpine stations. Leaves
from elliptic-oblong and scarcely 1 in. long in alpine forms, to oblong-lanceo-
late, and fully 3 in. long in luxuriant specimens, obtuse or acute, always
tapering at the base into a short petiole. Flowers polygamous, apparently
in terminal umbels, on pedicels rarely exceeding 3 in., the scaly bracts very
small. Sepals usually 2, 14 to 2 lines long. Petals 2 to 8, nearly twice as
long. Carpels solitary, or rarely 2 or 3. Stigma linear, terminal at first,
but soon becoming lateral by the unequal growth of the carpel. Berries
globular, about the size of a pea.— Tasmannia aromatica, R. Br. in DC. Syst.
Veg. i. 445; Deless. Te. Sel. i.t. 84; Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 43; Hook. f. FI.

asm. i. ll. i

Victoria. Humid forest- Mount Disappointment and the Dandenong
mountains to the Beete: nee igi! to at least 5000 ft., F. Mueller.

T: i R. Brown; abundant in many parts of the island, from the level of the
Sea to the height of 4000 ft. on the mountains, J. D. Hooker.

2. D. dipetala, P Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 21. A tall shrub. Leaves ob-
long-lanceolate or rarely oval-oblong, acute or acuminate, usually 3 to 5 m.
_ long, narrowed towards the base, but all (except sometimes a few of the

Smaller leaves of lateral shoots) abruptly obtuse or minutely biauriculate at
- the very base, on an exceedingly short broad petiole, or almost. sessile. Pe-
duncles longer than in D. aromatica, and flowers rather larger. Sepals and
petals usually 2 each, Carpels often 2 or 3, but one only usually enlarges.

tigma short or linear, more or less unilateral. Berry ovoid, fully 4 in. long,
and more succulent than in D, aromatica.—asmannia insipida, R. Br. in DC.
Syst. Veg. i. 445; T. dipetala, R. Br. ms. ex DC. Prod. i. 78; T. monticola,
A. Rich. Sert, Astrolab. 50, t. 19.

xtending northward to

N. S. Wales. Port J in the interi
` . ackson, Brown ; and in the interior, ex
m Lindsay, JF. Hill; and Clarence and Hastings rivers, Bechler ; sonthward to

‘or 4. Cunningham, Macarthur, who gives it as the Pepper shrub of the WE
«i;

Mo.Bot. Garden,

IAAD

50 IV. ANONACE£.

Orver IV. ANONACEJE.

Sepals usually 3, distinct, or more or less united in a 3-lobed or 3-toothed
calyx (in Eupomalia united in one mass with the petals). Petals usually 6,
hypogynous, in 2 rows, 3 outer ones alternating with the sepals, 3 inner ones
alternating with the outer, sometimes all united in a ring at the base, those
of each row valvate.or imbricate in the bud. Stamens indefinite, usually
very numerous, closely packed on the thickened torus, round or under the
carpels, linear or wedge-shaped, with 2 adnate anther-cells on the back or
edges, often concealed by the more or less dilated summit of the connectivum.
Gyncecium of several, often very many carpels, distinct (except in Eupomatia),
closely packed on the centre of the torus, terminating each in a capitate stigma,
or in a thick oblong or rarely more slender style, stigmatic on the top or inner
side. Ovules in each carpel either 1 or 2, ascending from the base , or 2 or
more attached to the inner angle of the cavity, anatropous. Fruit either of
several distinct carpels sessile or stalked, indehiscent and fleshy or pulpy,
sometimes opening along the inner edge, or the carpels more or less unite
in a single mass. - Seeds with. or without an arillus. Albumen copious,
always ruminate. Embryo very small, near the hilum.— Trees, shrubs, or
woody climbers. Leaves alternate, simple, and quite entire, without stipules.
Fowers sessile, or on 1-flowered pedicels, solitary, or few together, terminal,
lateral, or axillary, usually of a greenish-yellow or purple colour.

A large Order, widely distributed over the New World as well as the Old, but chiefly con-

fined to the tropics. Of the 6 Australian genera, 5 are more numerously represented in tro-
pical Asia or Africa, the sixth is endemic. None are American.

Petals 6, nearly equal.
Petals spreading.
Petals broad, imbrieate in the bud. Ovules or seeds several in

eacheeBrpel on xor ipeo em ipo aec ees cc do Ue
Petals narrow, valvate in the very young bud, but soon spreading.
Ovules 1 or 2, erect in each carpel . 2. PoLyYALTHIA.
Petals concave, not spreading, valvate.
Ovules 1 in each carpel, erect. (Flowers 3 to 4 lines diameter). 3. PopowtA.
Ovules several in each carpel. (Flowers about 6 lines diameter) 4. MELODORUM.
Petals, 3 outer like the sepals, 3 inner large, erect, very concave . . 5. SACCOPETALUM.
Petals and sepals united in a conical mass, which falls off entire , 6, EuPOMATIA.

l. UVARIA, Linn.

Sepals broad. Petals 6, imbricate in the bud in each row, spreading.

Stamens numerous and closely packed, rather flat, the connective produ
into a shortly ovoid, or truncate appendage, concealing the cells in the norma
species. Receptacle slightly raised. Carpels numerous, with a short trun-
cate style, and several ovules in 2 rows along the inner angle. ` Berries dis-
tinct, sessile, or stalked, usually with several seeds.—Stems climbing or trail-
ing. Flowers usually rather large, leaf-opposed or axillary.

A considerable genus, chiefly Asiatic, with a few African species. ‘The following Austra-
lian ones are both endemic, and one of them a doubtful congener.

Petals all broad, Anthers dilated at the top, concealing the lateral cells de u. membranallt.

—

————À

poete a, età. eee

Uvaria.) IV. ANONACER, 51

Inner petals narrow. Anthers shortly dilated at the top, showing the

dorsal parallel cells 2. U. heteropetala.

l. U. membranacea, Benth. A long woody trailer, quite glabrous,
except a slight tomentum on the petioles and buds. Leaves on short stalks,
oval-oblong, obtuse, or with a very short, broad point, 5 to 6 in. long, 3 to
33 in. broad, oblique, and somewhat cordate at the base, thin and membranous,
with distant primary veins branching into the retieulate smaller venation.
Flowers large, solitary, on peduncles of about i in. Petals obovate, very
obtuse, fully 1 in. long, narrowed, and slightly united at the base. Connective
truncate and dilated above the anther-cells. Carpels very numerous, but not
seen in fruit.

N. Australia. Scrub at Cape York, Jf* Gillivray.

2. U. (9) heteropetala, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 1. A scrubby shrub of 8
to 10 ft., the young branches densely pubescent. Leaves gefreet $ —
petioles, broadly ovate, obtuse, or shortly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, not
coriaceous, glabrous above, loosely pubescent underneath. Flowers dark
purple, solitary, on very short recurved terminal or lateral pedicels. Sepals
ovate-lanceolate, villous, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals imbricate in each series,
the outer ones broadly ovate, attaining at least 7 lines, and probably longer
_ When full grown, silky-villous outside, glabrous inside, the inner ones nar-
rower and perhaps longer. Stamens numerous, the short triangular terminal

appendage not dilated, showing the rather large dorsal parallel cells. Carpels
humerous, densely hirsute ; stigma small. Ovules 6 to 8 in each carpel, in
2 series. Fruit unknown.

e Sland. Port Denison, Fitzalan. This plant differs from Uvaria in the stamens,
Which are those of Saceopetalum. The habit and foliage are also more those of the latter
senus than of Uvaria, but the petals certainly appear to be imbricate in each row, and the
outer ones are much more developed than is usual in Saccopetalum. The flowers in the
de ‘iets seen are however still young, and insufficient for fixing the precise affinities of `

les, i e

3. POLYALTHIA, Blume.

Sepals broad. Petals 6, valvate in the very young bud, in two rows, but
"preading or open long before they have attained their full size, nearly equal
and fiat, usually narrow. Stamens numerous, narrow-wedge-shaped, the con-
Carpe, fattened at the top, concealing the cells. Torus slightly raised,
wl several, with a short, oblong, or capitate style, and 1 or 2 erect ovules.
es stalked, globular or ovoid.— Trees or shrubs. Flowers solitary or
ne: axillary or leaf-opposed. EE

geg i iatic, wi i i e followin
oue At argc hip wows, Asiatic, with one African species. g

UR nitidissima, Benth. A tree of 15 to 50 or 60 ft., glabrous in
wr its Parts. Leaves elliptical, or the upper ones almost lanceolate, obtuse
or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a petiole varying gem

fo 5 lines, smooth and shining, the veins fine and reticulate, es no
p merous, Peduncles solitary, axillary, 3 to 6 lines long, or more W = >
in, With 2 or 3 small bracts near the base. Sepals short and broad. Pe , s

“at, rather thick, 5 or 6 lines long when fully out, but — very early.

52 IV. ANONACER. [ Polyalthia.

Stamens very short, and closely packed. Carpels 10 to 20 in the flower,
much fewer in the fruit, and then globular or shortly ovoid, 1-seeded, shortly
stalked.— Unona nitidissima, Dun. Anon. 109, t. 23; Unona fulgens, Labill.
Sert. Austr. Caled. 57, t. 56; Unona nitens, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 2.

Queensland. In brushes on islands in Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham; Port Denison,
Fitzalan. Also found in New Caledonia. Bh

In some specimens the torus, after flowering, becomes thick and woody, enclosing several
cavities, probably a deformity occasioned by the puncture of some insect. Labillardiere de-
scribes and figures the carpels as having several ovules, but this is a mistake; his own
specimens, quite similar to the Australian ones, have but one erect ovule iu each.

3. POPOWIA, Endl.

Sepals ovate. Petals 6, valvate in the bud in 2 rows, short, broad, con-

cave, those of the 2 rows nearly equal, but the outer ones rather more open. -

Stamens numerous, closely packed, wedge-shaped, the connective flattened at
the top, concealing the cells. Torus but little raised. Carpels indefinite
(sometimes few), with a short obovate or capitate style and 1 or 2 erect
ovules. Berries stalked, globular or ovoid.—Trees or shrubs. Flowers small,

axillary or leaf-opposed, on short pedicels. ads

A small genus, scattered over tropical Africa and Asia, with one species endemic in Austra-
lia, Asa genus it is scarcely sufficiently distinct from Polyalthia.

1. P. australis, Benth. Probably a shrub: Leaves ovate-lanceolate or

oblong, 3 to 5 in. long, obtuse, rounded at the base with a very short broad

petiole, glabrous on both sides, the primary veins prominent underneath.

Pedicels solitary or 2 or 3 together in the axils of the older leaves, longer

than in most species of the genus, attaining near 1 in. Expanded flowers 3

or 4 lines diameter. Petals broadly ovate, rather thick, pubescent and

strictly valvate in each row. Carpels numerous, hairy. Ovule solitary, erect.
N. Australia. Barrow Bay, Port Essington, Armstrong.

4. MELODORUM, Dun. `

Sepals small, united at the base. Petals 6, valvate in the bud in 2 rows,
ihe outer ones broad, thick, concave, connivent or scarcely open, the inner
ones smaller. Stamens numerous, the connective ovate or truncate, conceal:
ing the cells. Torus convex or conical. Carpels several, with an oblong

thick style and 2 or more ovules in each, attached to the inner angle. Berries

distinct, sessile or stalked.—Stems woody, usually climbing. Primary vems
of the leaves prominent underneath. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed.

The genus comprises several species di d trons i the Indian Archipe-
lago, the A miren one Aide — HU On PULS

J. M. Leichhardtii, Benth. A shrub or tree, with flexuose (or somewhat
climbing ?) branches, the younger ones slightly rusty-tomentose. Leaves mue
like those of M. elegans, Hook. f. and Thoms., but with very much shorter peti-
oles, oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, about 3 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous

and shining, sprinkled on the under side with a few minute, almost microscoptó |

fringed scales or stellate hairs, the veins much less prominent than in mo

re

Melodorum.) IV. ANONACEÆ. 53

species. Peduncles 4 to 3 in. long, rusty-tomentose. Flowers nearly } in.
m diameter. Sepals 3 lines long, spreading. Outer petals about 6 lines,
slightly tomentose, very obtuse, concave and connivent, inner ones thicker
and rather shorter. Stamens very numerous. Berries stipitate, either de-
pressed-globose, 4 or 5 lines diameter and 1-seeded, or somewhat oblong,
2-seeded with a slight transverse furrow between the seeds, or moniliform,
consisting of 2 depressed-globose l-seeded or oblong 2-seeded portions.—
Unona Leichhardtii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 41.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Mount Torampa and woods at M*Connell's Brush,
Leichhardt ; near Ipswich, J. Vernet; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Brisbane river, 4. Cun-
mugham, F. Mueller. ,

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

5. SACCOPETALUM, Benth. :

Sepals small. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows, the outer ones small and resembling
the sepals, the inner large, erect, and very concave. Stamens numerous but
loosely imbricate, showing the anther-cells on their back just. below the short
tips. Torus nearly globular. Carpels several, with an ovoid or oblong thick
style, and 6 or more ovules in each attached to the inner angle. Berries
Slobular.—Trees or shrubs, with deciduous leaves. Flowers usually appear-
mg on the young shoots before or with the young leaves.

A small genus, dispersed over India and the Archipelago; the Australian species endemic,

ES, Bidwilli, Benih. Apparently a shrub, with rather weak branches,
densely hirsute with short rusty hairs. Leaves very shortly stalked, oblong
Bi obovate-oblong, obtuse or very shortly acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, rounded
at the base, glabrous aboye, hairy underneath. Flowers lateral, solitary or 2
together, on very short pedicels.’ Sepals thin, lanceolate, hairy, about 2 lines
long. Outer petals similar, but twice as long. Inner petals when fully de-
veloped 14 in. long, not saccate at the base only, as in most other species of
the genus, but hollowed into a broad boat-shape all. the way up, with the
Upper end turned inwards, thin, and very hairy both inside and out. Stamens
.mérous, the anther-cells contiguous and conspicuous, terminated by the
small flat tip of the tee Carpels very hairy in the flower, when
"pe nearly sessile, oblong, 6 to 8 lines long, thick and hard, covered with
rusty hairs, containing 3 to 6 flattened seeds.

d. Wide Bay, Bidvill.

6. EUPOMATIA, R. Br.

f Sepals and petals completely consolidated into one mass, the upper part

78 off in a conical lid, leaving the lower campanulate tube (or enlarged
peduncle) filled with the thick flat-topped torus. Stamens inserted on the
margin of the torus, the inner ones in many rows, converted into petal-like

wr staminodia, the outer ones in fewer rows, perfect, ee pesos
zm, with acuminate tips and longitudinal dorsal anther-cells. Carpe 5
ova? immersed in the torus, appearing like the cells of a single n
vary, the stigmas adnate on the flat areolate surface; ovules several ih zeg
De l or cell. Fruit several-celled, formed of the enlarged egent pg

re or less enclosing the carpels, becoming turbinate or urceolate and suc-

54 IV. ANONACER. [Eupomatia.

culent. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, irregularly angular; albumen ruminate,
and embryo precisely as in the more normal Axonacee.—Shrubs or under-
shrubs, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, entire, shortly petiolate. Pedun-
eles short, 1-flowered, terminal or lateral.

The genus is confined to Australia.

Petioles shortly decurrent. Flowers terminal. Outer staminodia spread-

ing and longer than the stamens. Fruit turbinate . . . . . . LE Benuellü.
Petioles not decurrent. Flowers lateral. Staminodia all connivent, : s
shorter than the stamens. Fruit urceolate . . . . wie tete LÀ. FI. laura,

1. E. Bennettii, F. Muell. Fragm.i.45. A shrub or undershrub, 1 to
2 ft. high and quite glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or acute,
3 to 5 in. long, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, which is again en-
larged at the base and shortly decurrent on the stem, leaving oblique raised
lines when they fall off. Flowers solitary, terminal, on a short peduncle
above the last leaf, when fully expanded rather more than 1 in. diameter.
Petal-like staminodia very numerous, yellow, the outer ones stained with
orange or blood-red, beset with stipitate glands and bordered with stellate
hairs spreading and completely concealing the perfect stamens, which are re-
flexed on the peduncle, the inner staminodia shorter and connivent. Fruit turbi-
nate, about 2 in. diameter, the pericarp thin, the top convex, with the tips of
the carpels distinctly prominent, the base of the perianth scarcely projecting as
a slight ring round the edge.—£. laurina, Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 4848.
|. Queensland. Brisbane river, Herd. Mueller.

2. E. laurina, A. Br. in Flind. Voy. ii. 597, t. 2. An erect gla-
brous shrub with weak branches. Leaves evergreen, oblong or almost el-
liptical, shortly acuminate, 3, 4, or sometimes 5 in. long, narrowed into à
short petiole which is not decurrent on the branch. Flowers solitary, 0n
short lateral or nearly axillary peduncles, the buds at first oblong, becoming
nearly globular and about 4 in. diameter before opening ; when the bud has
fallen the stamens expand to about 1 in. diameter. Petal-like staminodia
connivent or the outer ones scarcely open, glabrous or with a very few stip}
tate glands ; perfect stamens longer, erect or spreading, the linear anthers
tipped by a short fine point, the filaments dilated. Fruit urceolate-globular,
nearly $ in. diameter, the persistent base of the perianth forming a narrow
rim projecting above the nearly flat top —F. Muell. Fragm. i. 45.

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller ; Pine river, Fitzalan.

N.S. Wales. Woods and thickets in the colony of Port Jackson, especially in the
mountainous districts, and on the banks of the principal rivers, R. Brown, and apparel
along the whole coast from Clarence river, Beckler, to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Oroer V. MENISPERMACEZ.

Flowers dicecious. Sepals usually 6 in 2 series, rarely 9 or 12 in 3 or 4
series, or very rarely 5 or fewer, imbricate or very rarely valvate in each series;
the inner ones the largest. Petals usually 6, smaller than the sepals (except
in Sarcopetalum), nearly equal but imbricate in 2 series in the bud, rarely
fewer or none. Male fl.: Stamens usually 6, free and opposite the pet
or united in a central column, rarely 9 or more or only 3. Female fl. :

————

Y. MENISPERMACES. 55

minodia usually 6, free. — Carpels distinct, usually 3, sometimes 6 or more or
only 1, containing 1 or very rarely 2 amphitropous ovules peltately attached
to the inner angle. Style terminal, usually recurved, and often expanding into a
short sessile stigma. Fruit-carpels drupaceous, nearly straight, or more fre-
quently curved, so that the remains of the style are near the base, the puta-
men then becoming more or less horseshoe-shaped, with an inner projection of
the endocarp bearing the placentz. Seed taking the shape of the cavity, with
a thin membranous testa. Albumen sometimes fleshy, entire or ruminate,
sometimes thin or none. Embryo nearly as long as the albumen or occupy-
ing the whole seed, the radicle pointing to the remains of the style.—Climbers,
"rone woody, or in a very few non-Australian species erect herbs or shrubs.
eaves alternate, without stipules, entire or rarely palmately lobed, usually
with 3 or more palmate ribs at the base. Flowers small, in axillary panicles,
racemes, or cymes.
"lr ciat tropical Order, both iu the New and the Old World, a very few species.
Of th Into more temperate regions in North America, eastern Asia, or southern Africa,
Ji the 7 Australian genera 3 are endemic, the others Asiatic or African.

Sepals imbricate. Petals 6. Stamens 6, free. Carpels 3.
Flowers in simple racemes.
Inner sepals broad and thin. Carpels of the fruit ovoid, the
2: style at the top. Seed albuminous, nearly straight. . . .
nner sepals narrow-ovate. Carpels of the fruit broad, the style
" near the base. Seed without albumen . . . s . e.
owers in much-branched cymes. Carpels of the fruit broad, the
e ae near the base, Seed albuminous. . . . . + + = >
pals imbrieate or open. Petals usually 3 to 5. Stamens united in
a central column. Carpels broad, the style near the base. Seed
albuminous.
am very small. Petals thick and fleshy, almost globular. An-
P "he 2or3. Carpels 3 to 6. Flowers racemose. . + + =
? " smaller than the sepals, concave. Anthers 4 or 5. C
E. MADE Flowers umbellata. s . . a 4. * por e s
n valvate. Petals 6. Stamens 3. Carpels about 6, when
Pole broad, the style near the base, No albumen > . - - -
imbricate. Petals 3. Stamens 9 to 12. Carpels 3, 2-ovulate

1. TiNosPoRa.
5. PACHYGONE.

9. PERICAMPYLUS.

. SARCOPETALUM.
. STEPHANIA,

. PLEOGYNE.
. ADELIOPSIS.

I> A Ee

1. TINOSPORA, Miers.

Sepals 6, in 2 series, the inner ones large. Petals 6, smaller than the se-
pals, nearly flat. Male fl.: Stamens 6, free, thickened towards the top, the
anther-cells lateral. Female fl.: Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, stigmas jagged.
-— ovoid, the remains of the style nearly terminal. Putamen slightly
` cave on the inner face, the internal projection hemispherical and hollow,
: rming an empty cell. Seed disk-shaped, albuminous. Cotyledons ovate,
spreading laterally.— Leaves cordate or truncate at the base. Flowers usually

ustered in long simple racemes.

A small : Co $ :
species an Zog chiefly Asiatic, but extending also to tropical

Africa. The Australian

Leaves ovate-cordate, entire. . A i ice x mp EE b iow
. . 2. T. Walcott,

ves broad, obtusely 3-lobed, much ‘veined es o pa
LT. smilacina, Benih. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 52. A glabrous

56 V. MENISPERMACES. [ Tinospora.

twiner, the branches somewhat succulent. Leaves ovate, deeply and broadly
cordate at the base, or almost hastate with rounded auricles, obtuse or scarcely
acuminate, 3 or 4 in. long, 5-nerved, the smaller pinnate veins scarcely pro-
minent, on petioles of about 1 in. Flowers green, the male racemes 2 or 3
in., the females about 1 in. long; pedicels about 1 line. Sepals, 3 outer
ones very small and triangular, 3 inner ones about 1 line long, ovate, thin,
spreading. Petals about half as long as the inner sepals, obovate. Anthers
terminal, ovoid, almost globular, the cells almost parallel. Drupes oblong,
about 3 lines long. :

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, 2. Brown ; common in many parts
of Arnhem’s Land and thence to the Burdekin, F. Muel/er—Nearly allied to the Asiatic
T. crispa, but the leaves are rather differently shaped and the fruits much smaller.

2. T. Walcottii, F. Muell. Herb. Of this I have only seen fragments
of a fruiting specimen with the drupes not quite ripe, but sufficiently so to
show the peculiar form of Tinospora, with the somewhat succulent branches
and with the racemes of T. smilacina, but the leaves appear to be as broad as
long, obscurely 3-lobed, cuneate and not cordate at the base, of a thinly co-
riaceous texture, with prominent reticulate veins.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, Walcott.

2. PERICAMPYLUS, Miers.

Sepals 6 in 2 series, the inner ones larger. Petals 6, smaller than the
sepals, the edges embracing the stamens. Male fl.: Stamens 6, free, the an-
ther-cells lateral. Female fl. : Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, the styles 2-cleft.
Drupes globular, somewhat flattened, the remains of the stvle near the base.
Putamen horseshoe-shaped, crested on the back, the sides concave. Seed
horseshoe-shaped. Embryo in the axis of the albumen, with narrow cotyledons
closed against each other.—Leaves broad. Cymes dichotomously branched.

The genus is limited to the following species.

l. P.incanus, Miers; Hook: and Thoms. Fl. Ind. i. 194. — Achenium
with the younger branches shortly tomentose or at length glabrous. Leaves
nearly orbicular, sometimes slightly peltate, 2 to 4 in. or sometimes above 5 m.
diameter, glabrous above, usually hoary underneath, on petioles of 1 to 2 in.
Flowers very small, in axillary dichotomous cymes, shorter than the leaves. Se-
pals hairy on the back. Drupes red.— Cocculus Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm.i. 162.

Queensland. Woody valleys, Moreton Bay and Wide Bay, C. Moore, W. Hill, F. Mei
N. S. Wales. R. Brown ; Illawarra, Port Macquarie, Pooral on the Karuak river, an

Port Stephens, Backhouse—Common iu eastern India and the Malayan Archipelago, &

tending northward to S. China.

3, SARCOPETALUM, F. Muell.

Sepals 2 to 5, small. Petals 3 to 6, thickly fleshy, nearly globular. Male
fl. : Stamens united in a column, divided at the top into 2 or 3 short horizon-
tal lobes; each bearing a 2-celled anther. Female fl.: Carpels 3 to 6, with
recurved lobed stigmas. Drupes flattened, the remains of the style near the
base. Putamen horseshoe-shaped, the sides concave, Seed horseshoe-shaped.

me vu

——— 0

~

Sarcopetalum.| V. MENISPERMACES. 57

Embryo curved, linear, in rather copious albumen ; cotyledons closed.— Ra-
cemes simple.
The genus is limited to the following species.

l. S. Harveyanum, P Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 27 and 221, t. suppl. 3. SS
tall woody climber, with thick terete stems. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicu-
lar, acuminate or rarely obtuse, and sometimes angular or lobed, attaining 4
to 6 in. in breadth, deeply cordate at the base or sometimes slightly peltate,
T- to 9-nerved, quite glabrous, on a petiole of 1 to 3 in. Racemes simple,
axillary or mostly lateral below the leaves, solitary or clustered, 1 to 3 in.
long. Bracts small. Pedicels about 1 line long. Flowers reddish-yellow,
scarcely 2 lines diameter, the sepals usually shorter than the thick almost
gland-like petals. Drupes 3 or 4 lines diameter, almost pear-shaped.

e D
g goon "Pot Jacke uf the Bn Mountains, R. Brown and others; southward
of the colony, 4. Cunningham, to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Forests near the mouth of Snowy river, F. Mueller.

4. STEPHANIA, Lour.
(Clypea, Blume.)

Male fl.: Sepals 6, 8, or 10, in 2 series. Petals 3, 4, or 5, shorter erg
the sepals, obovate. Stamens united in a column bearing a flat disk, with
the sessile anthers confluent into a single ring round the margin. Female fl. :
Sepals 3, 4, or 5. Petals as many. Carpel 1, with a divided stigma. Drupe
compressed, the scar of the style not far from the base. Putamen — 2
shaped, with an open concavity on each side. Seed curved, with little albu-
men. Embryo linear, with closed cotyledons.—Leaves mostly peltate. Flowers
in simple or compound umbels. : :

À small genus, extending over tropical or subtropical Africa and Asia. The E
Species common over the whole range.

l. S. hernandizefolia, Walp. ; Hook. and Thoms. Fl. Ind. i. 196. A
glabrous or more or less me Lote climber. Leaves broadly ovate, orbicular,
or nearly triangular, usually more or less peltate at the base, the E Lo
3 or 4 in, long, on a petiole of 2 or 3 in., but often much smaller, E vm
Or pubescent underneath. Peduncles axillary, shorter than or rather The
than the petioles, bearing an umbel of about 5 rays, each mi arg y
à head or partial umbel of 8 to 12 small sessile or shortly pedicellate ois
or the partial umbel again compound.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 220; Clypea
hernandifolia, W. and Arn. Prod. i. 14; Wight, Ic. t. 939. d

N. Australia. N, coast, R. Brown; rocky declivities and cataracts of Fitzroy an

Kes’ Range, F. Mueller : a ton
Ba San, Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; tropical districts, 4. Cunningham ; More
Y, laylor's Range, and Burnett river, F. Mueller. e dn:
N. sS. Wales Near Sydney, American Exploring Expedition, eg Bey, E
Mot to Clarence river, Beck/er, amd southward to lllawara an
over, but rare in the latter locality.
ictoria. Forest gleus, S. E. extremity of Gipps’ Land, F. Med Roe 1 88, ana
The glabrous form, S. australis, Miers; A. Gray, in Bot. U. S. R5 PET haere ben
pubescent one, S. Gaudichaudi, A. Gray, in Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. i.

58 V. MENISPERMACE.E. [Stephania.

distinguished as species: but they almost always grow together, and pass gradually from the
one to the other.

The species extends from eastern Africa almost all over India and the Archipelago, and
northward to China.

5. PACHYGONE, Miers.

Sepals 6 or 9, in 2 or 3 series, the inner ones larger, imbricate. Petals 6,
shorter than the sepals, embracing the stamens at the base. Male fl.: Sta-
mens 6, free, incurved at the top, anthers small, globose-didymous. Female
fl.: Staminodia 6. Carpels 3, with thick horizontal stigmas. Drupes reni-
form, the scar of the style near the base ; putamen slightly excavated, with an
internal process. Seed horseshoe-shaped, without albumen, cotyledons semi-
terete, almost horny, the radicle very short.—Leaves ovate. Flowers in ra-
cemes, the males clustered along the rhachis, the females solitary.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemie, the genus comprises one from tropical
Asia, which alone has furnished so much of the above character as relates to the female
llower and fruit.

l. P.(?) pubescens, Benth. A woody climber, the young branches
pubescent. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, shortly acuminate or rarely ob-
tuse, 3 to 4 in. long, 5-nerved at the base, coriaceous, glabrous and shining
or slightly scabrous above, pubescent underneath. Male racemes axillary,
often 2 or 3 together, many-flowered but much shorter than the leaves, pubes- `
cent. Pedicels clustered, about 1 line long. Flowers glabrous, scarcely more
than 1 line diameter when open. Sepals 9, in 3 series, the outer ones small
and lanceolate, the next longer, the innermost still larger, narrow-ovate.
Petals about half as long as the inner sepals. Stamens 6; anthers globose-
didymous, almost 4-lobed. Female flowers and fruit unknown.

Queensland. Quail Island, Mood (F. Mueller). In the absence of the female flowers
and fruit, the genus of this plant cannot be fixed with certainty. "The form and venation of
the leaves, the inflorescence and general structure of the male flowers, are so nearly those
of the E. Indian Pachygone ovata, that I might have taken it for a large-leaved, more pubes-
cent variety of that species, but for the presence of a third outer series of small sepals which
are not in P. ovata ; the inner sepals are also narrower than in that species, and not ciliate.
I have only been able to examine 2 flowers; the persistent pedicels were very numerous, but
almost every flower had already fallen from the only two specimens I have seen.

6. PLEOGYNE, Miers.
(Microclisia, Benth.)

Outer sepals about 6, very small, 3 inner ones much larger, valvate in the
bud, connivent at the base and recurved at the top when open. Petals 6,
much shorter, the margins dilated and involute. Male fl.: Stamens 3 ; fila-
ments linear-terete; anthers small, globose-didymous. Female fl. with 6
carpels (Miers). Drupes 3 to 6, reniform, with the scar of the style lateral,
the putamen not excavated on the sides, nor with any internal process.
reniform, without albumen ; cotyledons thick and fleshy, scarcely separable ;
radicle scarcely distinct.—Flowers in short axillary branching panicles.

The genus is limited to a single species. Miers had originally characterized it very

shortly from female specimens only, and I failed to recognize it in the male specimens
possessed with others in fruit, which did not show the iud number of carpels men-

Pleogyne.] V. MENISPERMACEJ. : 59

tioned by Miers. I was therefore induced to publish it as new under the name of Microclisia.
The further more perfect fruiting specimens I have since seen have enabled me to identify
it with a very imperfect fragment named by Miers in A. Cunningham’s herbarium. The
genus is distinguished from all, except the African Zvic/isia, by the remarkably valvate
inner sepals, :

l. P. australis, Benth. A climber, with a soft pubescence like that of
Pericampylus, sometimes very copious, sometimes quite disappearing from the
upper surface of the leaves. Leaves from ovate to oblong, obtuse or scarcely
acute, the larger ones 3 to 4 in. long, rounded but not cordate at the base, at
length rather coriaceous and shining above, reticulately penninerved. Male
cymes or single flowers in little axillary solitary or clustered panicles, seldom
above 1 in. long, and softly pubescent. Inner sepals about 1 line long, the
outer ones very minute. Female inflorescence probably more simple. Drupes
about 5 lines broad, glabrous, with a very thin endocarp.—Microcelisia, Benth.
in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. part i. Addend. 435.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller ;
Fitzroy river, F, Mueller.

7. ADELIOPSIS, Benth.

Sepals 6, in 2 rows, the inner ones considerably larger, and 2 or 3 outer
smaller bracts, all much imbricate in each row. Petals 3, smaller than the
mner sepals, broad and slightly concave. Male fl.: Stamens 9 to 12; fila-
ments linear-terete; anthers small, globose-didymous. Female fl. : Stami-
nodia wanting. Carpels 3, with a large, recurved, broad and thick stigma,
and 2 ovules in each carpel, inserted one above the other on the inner angle.
Fruit unknown.— Flowers clustered in short axillary spikes.

The genus consists of a single species, which has the habit, imbricate sepals, and the
general form of the stamens and carpels of Pachygone, to which I should have referred it,
- for the petals reduced in number and not involute, the increased number of stamens
in the males and their entire deficiency in the females, and for the 2 ovules in each carpel.
The latter character appears constant, as far as I have been able to ascertain, and does not
cust to my knowledge in any other Menispermaceous plants. The fruit being unknown,
the tribe fo which the genus must be referred cannot as yet be fixed ; but it will stand either
next to Cocculus amongst Cocculee, or more probably near Pachygone in Pachygonee.

LA. decumbens, Benth. Branches rather thick, leafy, densely clothed
th a soft velvety tomentum or almost hirsute, and from the name given,
probably decumbent and not climbing. Leaves ovate or oval-oblong, lj to
? in. long, very obtuse, rounded at the base, thickly coriaceous, softly tomen-
tose or velvety on both sides when young, becoming nearly glabrous above
when old, the thickened revolute nerve-like margin terminating at the top. of
the midrib on the under side in a prominent hirsute gland or tuft of hairs.
Flowers small, in little clusters along the rhachis of short axillary spikes, sel-
om above 1 in, long, the outer bracts very small, acute, and hairy, the outer
sepals also hairy, but rather larger and more obtuse, the inner sepals much
er, orbicular, and glabrous, except the ciliate edge, the petals about $ as
arge as the inner sepals and quite glabrous. A a eja
. Fair Cape ?), R. Brown, a
notes (without sei e a dun) Gs es of yok a decumbens, but, as in
many other cases, the term Adeloides was evidently intended as a memorandum, not as à
Seueric name, for which it is unsuited (H2. R. Br.).

60 VI. NYMPHS ACES.

Orxver VI. NYMPHAZEACEJE.

Sepals 3 to 5, petals 3 or more and stamens 6 or more, either all free and
hypogynous, or the inner ones or all adnate at the base to the torus or ovary,
or inserted on its summit. Anthers innate or adnate, the cells opening in longi-
tudinal slits. Gyncecium of 3 or more carpels, either free and distinct, or im-
mersed in the torus so as to form a several-celled ovary. Styles or stigmas
free or adnate on an epigynous disk. Ovules solitary, and suspended from the
apex of the cavity, or indefinite and attached to the sides of the cavity, not to
its inner angle. Ripe carpels indehiscent, free or united in a fleshy or spongy
fruit. . Seeds immersed in a fleshy or pulpous arillus, or naked, the embryo
either small, enclosed in the embryo-sac and half immersed in a cavity of a
farinaceous albumen near the hilum, or without albumen, large, with thick
fleshy cotyledons, and a remarkably developed plumule.—Aquatic herbs, with
a submerged root or rhizome. Leaves carried by their long petioles to the
surface of the water or raised above it, usually peltate or deeply cordate,
or a few remaining under water and deeply cut. Flowers growing singly on
long radical scapes, or axillary peduncles, either on the surface of the water
or raised above it.

The Order, althongh not numerous in species, is found in pure, quiet, or slowly-flowing
waters nearly all over the globe. The three Australian species belong to the three genera,
considered as typical of as many tribes or suborders, raised by some botanists to the rank of
distinct Orders. All three genera are common to the New and the Old World. They are
absent, however, from the southern Australian colonies as well as from New Zealand.

Sepals and petals 3 each. Carpels 6 or more, free, on a small torus.

rune fee, Pw... a s s. wo es eee
Sepals 4 to 6. Petals and stamens numerous, the outer ones free, the

inner more and more adnate to the torus. Carpels immersed in the

torus in a ring round a central conical projection Ji pug
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals and stamens numerous, hypogynous. Carpels

half immersed without order in the flat top of the torus. No albumen 3. Nelumbium.

*

9. Nymphea.

1. BRASENIA, Schreb.
(Hydropeltis, Mich.)

Sepals 3, petal-like, and petals 3, hypogynous. Stamens 12 to 18, hypo-
gynous ; filaments subulate, anther-cells lateral. Carpels 6 to 18, free, on a
small torus, attenuate at the top into short styles, stigmatic along the inner
edge. Ovules 2 or 3, pendulous from the dorsal side of the cavity. Ripe
carpels coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous.

The genus is limited to the following species.

1. B. peltata, Pursh. Fl. N. Amer. 389. Rhizome prostrate at the
bottom of the water. Stems forked, leafy, covered as well as other submerged
parts, especially when young, with a thick coating of transparent jelly. Leaves
floating on the surface of the water, peltately attached by their centre to long
petioles, oval, entire, 3 to 4 in.long and about half as broad. Peduncles
axillary, bearing solitary flowers of a dull purple on the surface of the water.
Sepals and petals very much alike, about 4 or 5 lines long when they
first open, but lengthening to 7 or 8 lines. .Carpels shorter.——A. Gray;

Brasenia.] VI. NYMPHJEACEJE. 61

Gen. Ill. t. 39; Hydropeltis purpurea, Mich. ; DC. Prod. i. 112; Bot. Mag.
t. 1147.

N. Australia? D Brown.

Queensland. Lagoons near Moreton Bay, F. Mueller. :

The species is abundant in the waters of North America and of East India.

2. NYMPHÆA, Linn.^

Sepals 4, inserted near the base of the torus. Petals numerous, passing
gradually from the sepals to the stamens, inserted on the torus or ovary, the
outer petals near the base, the inner stamens almost at the top. Filaments
of the outer stamens dilated and petal-like, with small lateral anther-cells, of
the inner ones narrow or filiform, with longer anthers opening inwards. Car-
pels several, immersed in a ring in the fleshy torus, having the appearance of
4 several-celled ovary, with a conical or globular process in the centre. Styles
thick, radiating, free or united at the base, often with an incurved appendage
beyond the stigmatic portion. Ovules numerous, pendulous from the sides of
the cavity. Fruit a spongy berry, breaking up irregularly when ripe. Seeds
embedded in pulp, arillate, albuminous.—Rhizome perennial. Leaves float-
mg, peltate or very deeply cordate. Flowers large, solitary, floating on the
surface of the water or slightly raised above it, on long radical peduncles.

The most considerable genus of the Order, chiefly in the northern hemisphere or within

the tropies, but represented also in S, Africa.

, 1- N. gigantea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4647. Leaves orbicular or very
broadly ovate, very deeply cordate, the basal lobes separated by a very acute
angle, or overlapping each other, or united near the petiole, rendering -—
leaf partially peltate, the principal nerves radiating from the petiole, raise
underneath, and in the larger specimens the whole under side covered with
raised reticulations; the margin entire or more frequently sinuate, or e
short distant teeth. Flowers blue, purple, pink, or rarely white, the petals
and stamens usually very numerous. Filaments nearly all filiform, or seg?
of the outer ones flattened, but never very broad and always WEE balk
under the anther; connective narrow and scarcely projecting bey ond the ce m
tyles or stigmas thick, radiating, united at the base, either pe sh "id N
with only a very short terminal appendage.—F. Muell. Fragm. ii. ; AN.
stellata, P. Muell. Le 142. j
N. Australia. Lakes and marshes throughout tropical Australia, R. Brown, F. Mueller.
N ogasland. Wide Bay, Bidwil?; Moreton Bay, W. Hill.
m S. Wales. Clarence river, Becker. : odification of the
The species is apparently confined to Australia, unless it be really a m f B
late and African N. stellata, Willd., as appears to have been the opinion of Dro "with
peg exceedingly in size. The larger specimens have the leaves about 18 inches eier"
much-raised reticulations underneath, the flowers 12 in. across, with bose E -
» and above 200 stamens ; the smallest have leaves of 5 or 6 inches, not re aaa
tha ers 3 or 4 in, across, and the petals and stamens much fewer, but always gane This
India Stl in N. stellata, to which F. Mueller is disposed to refer several e either.
"A bn species may also be distinguished by the connective lengthened beyon lur 1n Hérb.
H Into a very prominent appendage, and it appears to me that Geen Een dbi fn
SE 18 right in considering all the Australian specimens as forms of T Eet
"ëng Gardens the flowers and leaves are very small in the early part o e disti pguishes
T and larger ones are developed as the season advances, F. Mueller

flow

62 VI. NYMPHJEACE X. [Nymphea.

the seeds in size and shape, smaller, more ovoid, and more completely enclosed in the arillus
in those he refers to N. stellata, than in the true N. gigantea; but in the true N. stellata
the seeds are nearly globular, and usually marked with raised longitudinal cost, not men-
tioned by F. Mueller. I have not myself seen the ripe seeds of Australian specimens.

The rhizome and fruits are used as an article of food by the aborigines,

3. NELUMBIUM, Juss.

Sepals 4 or 5, free. Petals and stamens numerous, hypogynous. Anthers
opening inwards, the connective produced in a club-shaped appendage. Car-
pels several, half-immersed in the flat top of an obconical torus, the styles
shortly projecting with somewhat dilated terminal stigmas. Ovules 1 or 2 in
each carpel, suspended from the top of the cavity with a dorsal raphe. Nuts
nearly globular, shortly protruding from the cells of the large flat-topped torus.
Seeds with a spongy testa, without albumen; cotyledons thick and fleshy,
enclosing a much-developed plumula, radicle very short.— Leaves peltate,
supported above the water on erect petioles. Flowers solitary, on erect scapes
above the water.

: D the following Asiatie and Australian species, there is a second one from the West
nales,

1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 113. Leaves orbicular, pel-
tate, somewhat concave, 1 to 2 ft. diameter, quite entire or slightly sinuate,
glabrous and often somewhat glaucous. Flowers pink, 4 to 8 in. diameter,
appendage of the anthers linear-clubshaped. Fruit 2 to 4 in. diameter, the
nuts from the size of a pea to that of a small cherry.— Bot. Mag. t. 3916,
3917.

5 N. Australia. Swamps in Arnhem’s Land, F. Mueller; Lower Condamine river,
OTON.

Queensland. Mackenzie river, F. Mueller.

The species is widely distributed over the warmer regions of Asia, extending northwards
to the Caspiau Sea in the west, and to Japan in the east.

Oxver VII. PAPAVERACEÆ.

_ Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, or, in Fumarieæ, irregular. Sepals 2 or 3,
rarely 4, free, imbricate, very caducous. Petals 4, 6, or rarely 8 or 12, hypo-
gynous, free, imbricate, and often crumpled in the bud, in 2 rarely 3 series,
deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, indefinite, and free, or, in Fumariee, defi-
nite, with the filaments usually united. Anthers erect, the cells opening lon-
gitudinally. Ovary free, either 1-celled with parietal placentas often protrud-
ing into the cavity, or rarely completely several-celled by the placentas meeting
in the axis, or 2-celled by a false dissepiment connecting 2 parietal placentas.
Style short or none; stigmas as many as placentas, usually confluent and ra-
diating on the disk-like or dilated top of the ovary or style. Ovules indefi-
nite, anatropous, ascending with an inferior micropyle or horizontal. Fruit
capsular, usually opening in pores or valves. Seeds globular or subreniform.
Embryo minute, at the base of a fleshy albumen.—Herbs or rarely sm
shrubs, glabrous and often glaucous or hispid, the juice usually colo
Leaves alternate or the floral ones almost opposite, entire, lobed or dissected

H

D

VII. PAPAVERACE. 63

without stipules. Flowers usually solitary on long peduncles, either terminal
or in the upper axils.

The Order belongs almost entirely to the temperate or subtropical regions of the northern
hemisphere, one only genus being represented by a single species in the southern hemisphere ;
but, besides the Papaver rheas mentioned below, one at least of the numerous forms of the
European Fumaria officinalis has established itself as a weed of cultivation in some parts of
Victoria and S, Australia, as in S. Africa.

l. PAPAVER, Linn.

Sepals 2, rarely 3, Petals 4, rarely 6. Stamens indefinite. Placentas of
the ovary 4 or more, covered with ovules and projecting more or less into
the cavity, rarely meeting in the centre; stigmas radiating on the convex
or almost conical disk-like summit of the ovary. Capsule opening in trans-
verse pores between the placentas under the disk, with very short opercular
valves. Seeds furrowed.— Herbs, with a milky juice. Leaves usually lobed
or cut, Peduncles long, the buds nodding.

"m pt the following one, the species are all from the northern hemisphere in the Old

l. P. horridum, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 79. An erect annual, beset with su-
bulate prickles or stiff bristles, but otherwise glabrous and usually glaucous.
ves narrow-oblong or lanceolate, irregularly pinnatifid and coarsely toothed,
the radical ones contracted into a petiole, the stem ones sessile or partially
stem-clasping. Flowers small for the genus, of a pale brick or red colour.
Sepals hispid. Petals nearly ovate, about 4 in.long. Capsule ovoid-oblong,
perfectly smooth and glabrous, the terminal disk at first pyramidal, at length
nearly flat, usuallyswith 6, 7, or 8 stigmatic rays. Placentas as many, pro-
Jecting in the cavity but not meeting in the centre.—F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 29;
Sw. Brit. Fl. Gard.ii. 173 ; P. gariepinum, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 19; Bot. Mag. t.
3623; P. aculeatum, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 431.
Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Warwick, Beckler.

: S. Wales. Hunter's River, R. Brown; Hastings river, BecHer. ,
Victoria. Sandy localities along the Murray and Snowy rivers, F. Mueller. E
S. Australia. Murray serub, towards Mount Barker and Flinders Range, F. beli à
The species is also found in extratropical S. Africa, and is nearly allied to, but I believe

really distinct from, some S, European forms of the P. dubium, Linn.
P. rhæas, Li j istinguished by its large red flowers
with broad Sege Sis, n eser brian etinm amm capsule with about

t

10 stigmatic rays, has established itself in a few places in Victoria as an introduced weed,

Onpzz VIII. CRUCIFERZ. ; ;

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, or with the outer petals larger. Sepals 4,

; imbricate is series, hs outer ones often saccate at the base. tum

» farely wanting, the lamine spreading in the form of a cross ; bate 7 d
ng 4 glands opposite the sepals. Stamens usually 6, of which 2 oute A cw
shorter or rarely wanting, 4 inner ones longer, in pairs alternating Et ith
outer ones, Anthers 2-celled, attached by the base. Ovary ern rte
Parietal placentas or rarely a single one, or more frequently "em E
© cells by a thin membranous septum connecting the two parietal placentas.

64 VIII. CRUCIFERJE.

Style simple, often very short or none; stigmas 2, erect or divaricate, or

united into a single capitate or minute stigma. Ovules 1, 2, or more in each -

cell, horizontal or pendulous from the parietal placenta. Fruit a pod, either
long and narrow, and then called a siliqua, or short and broad, called a
silicule, usually 2-celled, each cell opening by a ‘deciduous valve, leaving per-
sistent the thin septum surrounded by the nerve-like placentas, which form a
rim called the replum ; exceptionally the pod is 1-seeded and indehiscent, or
separating into 2 indehiscent cocci or into 2 or more bead-like articles.
Seeds attached in each cell in 2 rows, one proceeding from each edge of the sep-
tum, but when each seed is as broad as the cell they overlap each other, so as to
appear to be, and to be described as, in a single row; testa cellular, some-
times winged, often exuding when soaked a thick coat of mucilage. Albumen
usually none. Embryo usually curved, the cotyledons plano-convex with the
radicle curved against their edge, when they are said to be accumbent, or over
the back of one of them, when they are incumbent ; in the latter case they
are either flat or more or less folded over the radicle, or conduplicate.—
Herbs or rarely undershrubs, without milky juice. Hairs simple, stellate or
attached by the centre. Leaves simple, usually alternate, entire, lobed or
pinnately divided, the radical ones often lyrate and the stem ones auricled.
Stipules none. Flowers usually in terminal racemes, which are at first
corymbose but lengthen out as the fruiting advances, and usually without
bracts.

Crucifere form a very large Order, dispersed over nearly the whole globe, but most abun-
dant in the temperate and cold regions of the northern hemisphere. They are rare within
the tropics, especially in districts where there are no high mountain-ranges. The Order is
one of the most easily recognized by the flowers or fruits, but, to determine the genera and
species, it is absolutely necessary to have the pod and the seed in a good state.

Pods linear, at least 4 times as long as broad.
Pods terete or tetragonous, the valves turgid or with a very promi-
nent midrib.
Seeds in a single row. Pods long.
Cotyledons accumbent ^. . .5 1. . . V. . a
Cotyledons incumbent . . . . «o. . 1. SISYMBRIUM.
Seeds in 2 rows. Pods usually short.
Cotyledons aceumbent . s
Cotyledons incumbent.
Petals either obovate or, if narrow, short and erect . . 8. BLENNODIA.
Petals tapering into a long, subulate, often twisted point . 9, STENOPETALUM.
Pods flattened, usually long, the flat valves parallel with the sep-

tum. Cotyledons accumbent.
Stem-leaves auricled.

QUA US uc: ORT NASTURTIURS

Seeds smooth . , . Rie ok M. a ee Be E
Seeds pitted . WORDEN Q. cee M EE 4, CARDAMINE.
Stem-leaves divided or rarely entire, not anricled . A. CARDAMINE.
Pods short or oblong, rarely 4 times as long as broad.
Pods terete or globular, the valves very conver.
Cotyledons aecumbent . . . . 7 1. NASTURTIUM.

Cotyledons ineumbent,
Fruiting peduucles recurved, pod ripening underground . . 10. GEococcus.
Fruiting racemes erect. ik
Petals tapering into a long, subulate, often twisted point . 9. STENOPETAU
Petals obovate, or if narrow, erect and short.
Septum broader than the transverse diameter of the pod 8. BLENNODIA.

VIII. CRUCIFER EX. 65

Septum narrower than the transverse diameter of the pod 12. CAPSELLA.
Pods flattened, the flat valves parallel to the septum or to each

other.

Cotyledons accumbent. Pod with a septum.
Pod orbicular. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cll. . . . . . . 5. Abyssum,
Pod elliptical. Seeds 10 to 12 or more in each cell . . . 6. DRABA.

Cotyledons incumbent. No septum. Seeds numerous, small . 11. MENKEA.
Pods flattened laterally, the valves boat-shaped, with their flat
sides at right angles to the narrow septum.
Seeds 1 in each cell, i :
Pod either indehiscent or separating into 2 indehiscent cocci. 13. SENEBIERA.
Todirsives dehiscent acio, n ic. 5 dele DATI. LEPIDIUM,
Seeds 2 to 4 or more in each cell.
Cotyledons incumbent. Seeds, or at least ovules, 6 or more : `
OMe ON o eee KEE . 19, CAPSELLA.
Cotyledons accumbent. Seeds or ovules 4 or fewer in each cell 15. THLasrr.

de the above genera, the following Crucifere have appeared as introduced weeds of
ivation. i
Heliophit ila, Li th Africa, a slender, glabrous, erect annual, with
ror ots tl ni wre tl ker mien po ih ato
seeds, and long, linear, twice-folded cotyledons. Received from Swan d crust
_ Brassica ?, apparently B. geniculata (Sinapis geniculata, Desf.), a Me ee, eee
cies, in Herb. Mueller, from Moreton Bay, but the specimens are too young to de is. Sé
Aaphanus sativus, Lim., the common cultivated Radish of Europe and Asia,
blished itself as a weed in many cultivated places. ;
Sinapis hastata, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par, ed. 2, 151; DC. Prod. i. 220, described from a

specimen raised in the Jardin des Plantes, supposed to have been of Australian origin, is
Diplotaxis virgata, DC., a Spanish plant.

1. NASTURTIUM, R. Br.

Sepals short, equal, spreading. Petals scarcely clawed. Pods nearly cylin-
rical, short or long tea: the valves convex, slightly 1-nerved, the goes
transparent ; style short or long, with an entire or 2-lobed eg rap De
usually distinetly ranged in 2 rows, small, turgid, with short with Cele
Cotyledons accumbent.—Herbs, either glabrous or pubescent, all eee
ais Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnately divided. Flowers small, g J:
ellow,

A consid art of the globe, and very difficult, both

5 to the reri te = r eren eed is distinction from other genera. The
ian species is one of the most widely diffused.

Flowers yellow , (UE 9 21 N pale

Flow ve PO Y Q Qo D M

; i : inale (below).
aquatic perennial. Petals obovate . pis N. officin Gm, 71).
Small annual, Petals very Se ée: narrow . . . + Cardamine eustylis (p :
N. oficinate, R. Br. in DC, Prod. i. 137, the European Watercress, gos pine:
Perfectly distinct segments and white flowers, has been noticed in a few treaml

A be
and South Australia; but everywhere its importation from Europe could
(F. Mueller),

l. N. palustre, D0. Syst. Veg. ii. 191. An erect or gry cd is
ost trailing annual or biennial, from a few inches to aa or pinnately
lbi" quite glabrous or very rarely pubescent. Leaves too

: lobes
: or the lower ones sometimes lvrate, auriculate at the base, - s
i M

66 VIII. CRUCIFERE. ` Nasturtium.

ovate, oblong, or rarely lanceolate, always irregular, confluent and usually
sinuate or toothed. Racemes short, loose, without bracts. Flowers small,
yellow, the petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Style short. Pod sessile,
turgid, oblong, obtuse, straight, or slightly curved, generally 2 to 4 lines
long and about 13 lines broad, but occasionally rather longer and narrower.
—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, ii. 53; N. terrestre, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.
2, iv. 110; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 21; F. Muell. Fl. Vict. i. 31; AN. semipun-
natifidum, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 246.

Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Maranoa river, Mitchell.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; native cabbage of the settlers, Herd. Muel-
ler ; Darling river, F. Mueller. ies”

Victoria. Around swamps, lakes, and along the banks of rivers in many localities, ^.
Mueller,

Tasmania. Abundant on the wet banks of St. Patrick’s river and on the Derwent
river, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Torrens river, near Adelaide, F, Mueller. : m

The specimen from the Darling river has narrow lobes to the almost twice pinnatifi
leaves, but has the normal short pods of the species. Some specimens from the Murray gien
have also very narrow leaf-lobes, with a longer and more slender pod, almost like that o
N. indicum, but not quite ripe. Mitchell's specimen has very young but slender pods, and the
whole plant is hoary pubescent, and it may possibly not be correctly referred here. The
species is dispersed over all temperate and subtropical regions of the globe except 8. Africa.
It was first published by Leysser as Sisymbrium palustre, and a year later by Withering 38
S. terrestre. Brown first transferred it to Nasturtium with Withering’s specific name, ani
De Candolle soon afterwards with Leysser's name. Continental botanists now generally
adopt N. palustre, DC., as the oldest absolute specific name, whilst British botanists often
adopt N. Zerrestre, Br., as the oldest in the genus.

2. BARBAREA, R. Br.

Sepals nearly erect, equal. Petals clawed, Pod elongated, flattish-tetra-
gonous ; septum transparent; valves keeled or with a prominent midrib;
style short ; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Seeds in a single row, oblong, not
bordered ; the funicles free.—Erect, branching, usually glabrous herbs, an-
nual or biennial, the stem angular. Leaves entire or pinnately sinuate OF
lobed. Flowers yellow, sometimes bracteate. Pods usually rigid.

A genus of few species, dispersed over the temperate regions of the globe, the Australian
species being the commonest over the whole range. It differs from Nasturtium chiefly 1n
the robust rigid habit, the prominent midrib of the valves, and the seeds occupying the W
breadth of the pod so as to appear in a single row.

l. B. vulgaris, R. Br.; DC. Prod. i. 140. Erect, rather rigid, but

often slightly branching, 1} to 2 ft. high. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, the mt -

ones with a large terminal ovate lobe and several smaller ones more or !
distinct, the upper ones often reduced to a single ovate or oblong ter

lobe, usually sinuate or toothed. Flowers bright yellow, the petals twice aS-

long as the calyx. Pods usually numerous, in a long terminal raceme, 0?
slightly spreading pedicels of 3 to 4 lines, in the Australian specimens usua y
1 to 14 in. long, the stigma nearly sessile or on a short style rarely exceeding
A line.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 62; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 32; È. australis
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 14; PL Tasm. i. 21.

Victoria. Banks of the Mitta Mitta and other rivers of Gipps’ Laud, chiefly at an dle
vation of 1000 to 3000 feet, F, Mueller.

——

Ki

Barbarea.] VIII. CRUCIFERJE. 67

Tasmania. Moist or marshy districts in the centre of the island, also near Launceston,
J. D. Hooker,

The species is spread over Europe, North America, northern Asia, the Himalayas, aud
New Zealand, and as an introduced weed in South Africa. In Australia it is evidently indi-
genous. The specimens all belong to the var. stricta of most northern botanists (B. precoz,
Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i. 39, not of R. Br.), as usually defined, with nearly erect stout pods
with a very short style. European specimens are often precisely similar.

3. ARABIS, Linn.
(Turritis, Zinn.) :
Sepals rather short, equal or the lateral ones saccate at the base. Petals

entire, usually clawed. Pod sessile, elongated, slender, flattened ; valves flat,
eeled, or with a midrib ; septum membranous; stigma entire or 2-lobed.
ds in 1 or rarely 2 rows, flattened, often bordered or winged.—Annual or
perennial herbs, glabrous or tomentose with spreading, branched, or stellate
hairs. Radical leaves usually spathulate, the stem ones sessile, often auricled.
Flowers white or rarely purple, straw-coloured or pink.

The species are numerous in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere,
Very few inhabiting the southern one; and none are peculiar to Australia. Cardamine
stylosa, which in its undivided sagittate leaves comes very near to Arabis, may be readily dis-
tinguished by its reticulate pitted seeds,

l. A. glabra, Crantz; Hook. f. and Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 140.
Stem ereet, simple, rigid, 1 to 3 ft. high, usually glabrous except at the base.
Radical leaves petiolate, narrow-oblong, entire, or siuuately toothed, 2 to 4
In. long, usually pubescent or hirsute with stellate or branching hairs; stem-

faves erect, oblong-lanceolate, stem-clasping and usually auriculate at the
base, and all except the lowest quite glabrous. Flowers rather small, white
or straw-coloured. Fruiting racemes long, rigid, with numerous erect slender
pods, mostly 2 in. long or even more, and 3 to $ line broad. Seeds small,
either as broad as the septum and in 1 row, or narrower and somewhat bise-
nate—Turritis glabra, Linn.; DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 211; Reichb. Ie. Pl. Germ.
> Š 44; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 33 and 221.

: S. Wales. On the i w England, C. Stuart. :

Victoria. Banks of the pedi Mitta Mita, Livingstone Creek, and Snowy rivers,
at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 feet, F Mueller. SS

_ ne range of this species extends over Europe, temperate North America and Asia, the
‘Himalaya, and Japan.

4, CARDAMINE, Linn.

Sepals equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod elongated, linear, com-
Pressed ; valves usually flat, without conspicuous nerves, opening elastically ;
Septum transparent; style short or long; stigma entire or 2-lobed. eng

attened, not bordered, in a single row (except in C. nifl HAS

Usually flaccid and glabrous. Leaves entire or more frequently arpat i

Vide » in a few species not Australian opposite or whorled. Flowers erect or
S, white, purple, or lilac, not yellow. Pods usually slender. za

e genus, widely spread over the temperate and colder regions both MENS porien

inl Southern hemisphere. Of the 7 following species two are identical with or representa-

lives of common northern species ; the remainder are endemic or extend only to ap? Zealand.

68 VIII. CRUCIFERE, [Cardamine

Seeds reticulate and pitted, rather large.
Leaves entire òr sinuate-toothed, the stem ones sagittate.
ee Aerch E aaa ee eek nn l1 Sieg
Lower leaves pinnate, all petiolate. Plant erect, under 2 ft. 2. C. dictyosperma.
Seeds smooth.
Perennials.
Fruiting racemes short, leafy. Pod fully 2 lines broad . 3. C. radicata.
Fruiting racemes loose, leafless. Pod not above ] line broad.
Flowers rather large, with obovate spreading petals.

Style 1 to 1% line long > . . Se 5. C. tenuifolia.
Stigma sessile or nearly so tue 6. C. hirsuta heterophylla.
Flowers very small, with narrow erect petals . 4. C. laciniata.
Annuals.
Petals conspicuous, obovate, spreading . . . . . . 6. C. hirsuta heterophylla.
Petals very narrow, small, nearly erect.
Seeds nearly the breadth of the septum, in a single row 6. C. hirsuta.
Seeds numerous, small, almost biseriate. Valves of the
Pod Conve "ue ee et . . T. C. eustylis.

1. C. stylosa, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 248. A rather coarse glabrous herb, `
branching and decumbent. or nearly erect, usually 2 to 3 ft. high and some-
times attaining 5 ft. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire or sinuate, and ml-
nutely but remotely toothed, the lower ones narrowed into a long petiole, the
upper ones sessile but narrow below the middle and clasping the stem by
their sagittate base, the longest 3 to 5 in. long. Flowers small, white, with `
obovate spreading petals. Fruiting racemes long and rather rigid, the pedl-
cels very spreading, 3 to 4 lines long. Pods 1 to 14 in. long and 3 to 1 line
broad, with a very faint nerve on the valves. Seeds oval, dark-coloured, re-
ticulated with raised longitudinal nerves and transverse pits between them.—
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i, 18; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 34; Arabis gigantea, Hook.
Te. t. 259; C. divaricata, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 13.

N.S. Wales. Mount Lindsay, W. Hit. E :

Victoria. Moist forest valleys, rare in open pasture land near the banks of rivers m
various parts of Gipps’ Land, also in the Dandenong ranges, F. Mueller. -

"Tasmania. Northern and eastern coasts near the sea, J. D. Hooker; ascending to
alpine elevations on Mount Wellington, Oldfield ; also in New Zealand.

This species has as much the characters of Arabis as of Cardamine, but the habit is rather
that of the latter genus.

2. C. dictyosperma, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 246. Erect or branching
and decumbent at the base, glabrous or with a few hairs at the base, under
ft. high. Lower leaves pinnately divided into a few distant, ovate or oblong,
entire or toothed segments, the terminal one usually much the largest ; upper
leaves with narrower and fewer lobes, or small, narrow, and entire, all petio-
late, with the petiole scarcely dilated at the base and rarely sagittate. Flowers
larger than in C. s/ylosa, the lamina narrow-obovate, usually longer than the
claw. Fruiting racemes long, the pedicels very spreading, 2 to 5 lines long.
Pod usually longer and more slender than in C. stylosa, and sometimes at-
taining 2 in. but sometimes only 1 in. ; style from 3 to 2 lines long.
of C. stylosa, but with coarser reticulations.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 19;
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 35 and 221; C. nivea, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 273.

N. S. Wales. Moist rocky places north of Bathurst, 4. Cunningham; Severn rivet
New England, C. Stuart ; from Clarence river, Beckler, to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Cardamine.) VII. CRUCIFERÆ, 69

queria: Springy shady localities in damp valleys, from the lowlands to the alps, F.
eler,
renin. Abundant in damp ravines and by waysides throughout the island, J. D.
ooker.
W. Australia, Drummond, n. 94, and 5th Coll. n. 985.
In flower the smaller specimens often resemble C. tenuifolia, but are more erect and less
branched. The seeds are very different.

3. C. radicata, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. i.882. Rhizomes or procum-
bent root-like stems elongated, cylindrical and brittle, sometimes as thick as
the little finger, producing at their extremity tufts of leaves and leafy erect
flowering branches 2 to 6 in. high. Leaves petiolate, obovate, coarsely
toothed or almost pinnatifid, not auricled at the base, glabrous as well as the
Whole plant. Flowers (which I have not seen) rather large. Fruiting ra-
cemes short and dense, often leafy at the base. Pod usually iin. long and
fully 2 lines broad. Seeds much compressed, irregularly orbicular, not pitted.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 18.

Tasmania. Summit of Mount Olympus, in crevices of basaltic columns, Gunn ; in
crevices of rocks on a mountain westward of Mount Lapeyrouse, Herb. F. Mueller.

, 4. C. laciniata, P Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 34, and Pl. Viet.
1.35. A glabrous perennial, with a procumbent or creeping rhizome, much
more slender than in C. radicata, the stems rather weak, ascending or erect,
seldom above 1 ft. high and often leafless. Leaves chiefly radical, petiolate,
linear-lanceolate or rarely obovate-oblong, pinnatifid with a few narrow lobes,
or with 1 large terminallobe and 2 or 3 smaller ones along the petiole, or
rarely entire or toothed only, the stem-leaves when present few and narrow.

Owers very small, the narrow erect petals scarcely longer than the calyx.
Stamens usually 4 only. Fruiting raceme very loose, with distant, slender,
ts pedicels. Pods slender, 1 to 14 in. long. Seeds orbicular, not
pitted.

N.S. Wales. New England, near Clifton, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Tn marshy mise chiefly in rich soil, not rare. Used as food by the Mur-
Tay natives, F. Mueller. ! i -
Tor, Australia. Lake Alexandrina, Gawler river, Bugle range, the Onkaparinga

Orrens rivers, ete., rather frequent, F. Mueller.

5. C. tenuifolia, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 247. Generally if not always
Perennial, with a slender creeping rhizome, which often dies away so as to
Sive the tufts the appearance of an annual. Stems weak, branching and
glabrous or rarely hirsute, like those of C. hirsuta but usually longer, some-
times attaining 1 to 14 ft. Leaves pinnately divided, the lower ones usually
With a terminal, broadly ovate, orbicular, or cordate segment, entire or coarsely
toothed, the lateral segments smaller, few, distant, and all petiolate, the upper

ves or sometimes all the stem-leaves with narrow-linear segments, more
humerous and more equal than in the lower ones, and usually entire and ie
sie; in some specimens the leaves are all crowded at the base of the : oe
mise leafless scapes. Flowers rather large, white or lilac, the lamine of the
Petals obovate and spreading. Fruiting racemes loose, the pedicels = a
Spreading. Pods usually erect, narrow, 3 to 1 in. long, tipped by a s ^ ^
style often l} lines long. Seeds nearly orbicular, smooth.— C. lilacina, Hook.

70 VIII. CRUCIFERJE. [Cardamine.

Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 273 ; C. pratensis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 19 ; C. parviflora,
var., F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 36.

N.S. Wales. Interior of the colony, 4. Cunningham; Macquarie river, Fraser;
Hunter river, Leichhardt ; Macleay river, Beckler.

Victoria. Swamps on Latrobe river, F. Mueller. :

Tasmania. Common in marshy and wet places throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

This plant is united by Dr. Hooker with the European C. pratensis, Linn., and it cer-
tainly is a very close representative of that species, but its lax, more branching stems, give it
much more the habit of C. hirsuta. In mauy respects indeed it seems almost to pass into
the latter species through its variety heterophylla, and F. Mueller unites all these plants with
C. resedefolia, Linn. and others, under the Linnean name of C. parviflora. But long and re-
peated observation of the European C. pratensis, resedefolia, and hirsuta, in a living state m
varions localities, prevents my admitting their union without much more convincing proofs ;
and, if they are kept distinct, it appears necessary to maintat also the Australian C. tenut-
Jolia. It is, I believe, a perennial like C. pratensis, but that cannot always be ascertained
from dried specimens. : ;

C. intermedia, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 258, can scarcely be judged of from the single specimen
preserved, but, the style is certainly rather long and slender, and the habit and petals are
more those of C. tenuifolia than of C. hirsuta.

6. C. hirsuta, Linn.; DO. Prod.i. 152. A much-branched decumbent
or tufted annual, seldom above 6 in. high, either quite glabrous or slightly
hirsute with short spreading hairs. Leaves pinnately divided, the lower ones
with 1 ovate or rounded terminal segment and a few smaller petiolulate la-
teral ones, or sometimes reduced to the terminal one, the upper leaves few
with narrow lobes. Flowers very small, the petals narrow and erect or
scarcely spreading. Stamens often reduced to 4 (especially in European spe-
cimens). Fruiting racemes usually short and rather dense, the pedicels not
very spreading. Pods erect, slender, usually 7 to 9 lines long and scarcely
more than $ line broad, the stigma sessile or on a style not longer than the
breadth of the pod. Seeds smooth, as broad as the septum, and in a single
row as in all the preceding species.— Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 26; Hook.
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 20; C. parviflora, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 152; also F. Muell.
Pl. Vict. i. 36, partly ; C. debilis, Banks, in DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 265 ; C. pauct-
juga, Turez. in Bull. Mose, 1854, ii. 295.

N. S. Wales. Apparently common in wet places, extending northwards to Hastings
river, Bechler. F
Pisani Wet meadows and along streams, dispersed over the whole colony, f

ueller.

ı ‘Tasmania. Throughout the island, abundant in many localities, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. As far as Flinders Range, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 131. a th

The species is very abundant in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, in the
hilly regions of the tropics, in New Zealand and the Pacific islands, and in Antarctic Ame
rica. Always in the north a small-flowered annual, and sometimes glabrous. Many e
Australian specimens are precisely like the glabrous European ones, but in others there are
signs of a procumbent slender rhizome, as is so frequent in the following variety or ei
I have preserved the name C. hirsuta, in place of that of C. parviffora adopted by F. Mueiler,
because it is the one by which the plant is most universally known, both being Lineas E

Var. (?) heterophylla. Rhizome apparently in some instances perennial, though very Siem
der. Flowers rather larger, with more spreading almost obovate petals. Pod less slender,
and the whole plant approaching C. Zenzifolia in habit, but with au almost sessile stigm®
as in C. Airsnta.—C. heterophylla, Hook. Ic, Pl, t. 58.—Apparently a common Tasmanian

WA cm

m —

Cardamine. | VIII. CRUCIFERR, 71

form, and would include some Victoria specimens, Rodertson, and South Australian ones from
Mount Barker creek, F. Mueller.

7T. C. (?) eustylis, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 114 ; Pl. Vict.i. 37.
Án erect annual, much branched from the base, scarcely exceeding 6 to 8 in.
in height and quite glabrous. Leaves pinnately divided, the lower ones with
ovate segments, the others with narrower ones, all usually with a few teeth or
lobes. Flowers smaller than in C. hirsuta, the petals narrow, erect, and
scarcely exceeding the calyx. Fruiting racemes short, leafless. Pods rather
spreading, slender, 6 to 9 lines long, tipped by a style of $ to near 1 line,
the valves convex, smooth, without nerves. Seeds very numerous and small,
much narrower than the septum, and showing 2 distinct rows.

N. Australia. On the rivers flowing into the Gulf of Carpentaria, rare, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Sandy and gravelly banks of the Murray river, F. Mueller.

The nearly cylindrical pod and two-rowed seeds are more those of Nasturtium than of
Cardamine, but the habit and white flowers may justify the placing the species in the latter
genus. The degree of elasticity of the valves cannot be judged of in the dried specimens.

5. ALYSSUM, Linn.
(Meniocus, Desv.)

Sepals rather short, equal at the base. Petals rather short, entire or bifid.
Stamens often bearing a tooth or small appendage on the filaments of some
or all of them. Pod short, from nearly orbicular to oblong, very flat or tur-
gid; the valves flat, concave, or turgid in the centre and flat on the margins,
the septum membranous ; style short or long, with an entire stigma. Seeds
? to 10 in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent.—Branching herbs or small
shrubs, usually hoary with stellate tomentum. Leaves undivided, usually

near. Racemes without bracts, with white or yellow flowers.

A large genus, dispersed over the temperate regions of the Old World, but chiefly in the :

Jerranean region and western Asia, None are found in America, eastern Asia, or in
the Pacific Islands. The only Australian species is identical with one common in the eastern

editerranean region.

J. A. linifolium, Steph. in Willd. Spec. Pl. iii. 467. A small, but hard,
wiy, and much-branched erect annual, hoary, with a minute, close, stellate
tomentum. Leaves linear, oblong-spathulate or almost obovate, mostly under

m., but the longest sometimes nearly l in. long, quite entire. Flowers
white, very small. Pods orbicular or broadly ovate, 2 to 3 lines long, mi-
nutely hoary; the valves flat and without nerves; style small, subulate.

S 4 to 6 in each cell.—Meniocus linifolius, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 325 ;
Deless, Te, Sel, ii. t. 42; M. serpyllifolius, Desv. ; DC. Le: M. australa-
sicus, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 297.

N. Australia. Lacrosse Island, Cambridge Gulf, N. W. coast,

ÔN. A. Cunningham. A
pete specimen, with only portions of the pods remaining, but apparently belo

nging to this

N. s. Wales. Darling ri j diti
g river, Victorian Expedition.
Victoria, Murray river, and sand-hills near Lake Hindmarsh, F. Mueller.
wr ARstralia, Near Crystal Brook and about Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.
. Australia, Drummond, Ath Coll. n. 127. : Sesion
This, the only outlying representative of a genus otherwise so restricted in iis range,

12 VII. CRUCIFERM. [ Alyssum.

may possibly have been introduced from southern Europe, but it appears to be too abundant
in arid desert situations to be omitted from the Flora.

6. DRABA, Linn.

Sepals short, equal. Petals entire. Pod elliptical or oblong, rarely almost -
linear, compressed, several-seeded ; valves flat or nearly so, very rarely nerved ;
septum membranous; style short or long; stigma entire. Seeds in 2 rows,
not bordered, with filiform funicles ; cotyledons accumbent.—Herbs, usually
small and tufted or annual, more or less hoary, with stellate tomentum.
Leaves undivided and usually entire, the radical ones rosulate. Scapes leaf-
less or flowering-stems with sessile leaves. Racemes without bracts. Flowers
usually small, white or yellow, rarely pink of purple.

A large genus, chiefly distributed over the temperate and cooler regions of the northern
hemisphere, very abundant in high alpine stations, and extending all along the high Andes
of South America, rare in Antarctic America, entirely wanting in South Africa and New

Zealand, and represented in Australia by a single species identical with a common northern
one.

1. D. muralis, Linn.; DC. Prod.i.171. A slender erect annual, 2 to
3 in. high and simple, or twice as high and branched, more or less pubescent
with stellate hairs. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed, + to 4 in. long in Austra-
lian specimens, often twice that in European ones, the radical ones petiolate,
the others sessile. Flowers very small, white or pale yellow. Fruiting Ta-
cemes loose, with slender spreading pedicels of 4 to 5 lines. Pod elliptical,
pubescent in our specimens, about 3 lines long, containing usually above 12
seeds in each cell—D. nemoralis, Ehrh. ; DC. Prod. i. 171; Reichb. Ic. Fl.
Germ. ii. t. 12; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 24.

Tasmania. Dry places near Hobarton, and on the Derwent at the Cataracts, J. D.
Hooker.

Common in the temperate regions of the greater part of Europe and Asia, and also in
some parts of North America. The usual variety in the north has glabrous pods ; buf the

Tasmanian variety with pubescent ones, to which the name of D. nemoralis has been given, is
also found in Europe.

7. SISYMBRIUM, Linn.

Sepals equal or the lateral ones slightly saccate. Petals usually elongated,
with long claws. Pod linear-elongated, cylindrical or flattened, several-seeded,
the valves usually convex and 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; style usualy
short, with an entire or slightly 2-lobed stigma. Seeds in a single row, 2°
bordered, oblong, with filiform funicles. Cotyledons incumbent.—Herbs,
usually annual or biennial, glabrous hirsute or tomentose. Leaves entire or
pinnately lobed or divided. Flowers yellow, or rarely white or pink.

A large genus, chiefly European and Asiatic, with a few North American and a very few
Antarctic species. Only one is a native of New Zealand, and none are as yet known to
truly indigenous in Australia; but the following appears now so well established as a j
side weed that it cannot be omitted from the Flora.

zl. S. officinale, Scop.; DC. Prod.i. 191. An erect annual, more or
less pubescent, a foot high or rather more, with very rigid spreading branches.
Leaves deeply pinnatifid, with few lanceolate slightly toothed lobes, the ter
minal one 1 to 13 in. long, the others smaller, often curved backwards towa S

Sisymbrium.] VIII. CRUCIFERD. 73

the stem, the upper leaves sometimes undivided and hastate. Flowers very
small, yellow. Pods about 4 in. long, thick at the base, tapering to the
point, more or less hairy, almost sessile, and closely pressed against the axis
in long, slender, stiff racemes.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 72.

S. Australia. Abundant on roadsides and waste places about Adelaide, F. Mueller
and others.
_ W. Australia, Drummond. In both colonies, introduced from Europe. The species
1s somewhat anomalous in the genus, the valves of the pod having a somewhat prominent
midrib, and the seeds in the lower broader part showing two almost distinct rows.

8. BLENNODIA, R. Br.

Sepals short, open, equal at the base or slightly saccate. Petals obovate,
or short and narrow. Pod linear or linear-oblong (short in a variety of B.
trisecta), terete or 4-angled, the valves very convex, without nerves or with a
prominent midrib ; septum membranous or almost spongy; stigma capitate,
sessile or on a very short style. Seeds oblong or ovoid, more or less distinctly
2-rowed, not bordered, when soaked usually emitting a copious fibrous mucus ;
funicles free, filiform. Cotyledons incumbent.—Herbs or low undershrubs,
glabrous or hoary-tomentose with simple or stellate hairs. Leaves entire or
pinnatifid.. Flowers white, yellow, or pink, the racemes without bracts.

A genus limited to extratropical or subtropical Australia, differing from Sisymbrium, to
which some species have been referred, in the seeds never so completely overlapping each
other as to form a single row, and generally in the copious mucus of the seeds, which is

owever not constant in all the species. From Capsella it differs in the longer pod, and in
the dissepiment broader in proportion to the transverse diameter of the pod.

Glabrous undershrubs. Leaves or their lobes linear-filiform. Pods

slender, xc
DEMNM... l5... ... SLE TEES
Leaves mostly 3-cleft. . . . 9. B. trisecta.

cipere labrous or with simple hairs. ‘Leaf-lobes narrow.
ods sl gi
EE — ect " e <= Rene rae oes rE nasturtioides.
Hoary, wiih ample hairs .. 5. 0. 55 05 S B. eremigera.
Annuals, with stellate pubescence. Leaves pinnatifid or toothed.
Pods acute at the top and at the base; valves very conver.
Pod rather slender, glabrous . . Bag u qul.
Pod thicker in the middle, hirsute or stellately tomentose.
Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx.

5. B. cardaminoides.

Flowers yellow. Pedicels about as long as the pod . 6. B. curvipes.
deseen white. Pedicels much shorter than the pod 7. B. brevipes.
etals twice as long as the calyx, white or pink. :

Calyx about 1 line long Gere: 8. B. lasiocarpa.
Calyx 24 lines ln 6$ 9. B. canescens.

erennials, with stellate pubescence. Leaves toothed or pinna-

tifid. Pods acute at the top and at the base; valves very
convex.

Hoary. Pod at least 5 times as long as broad. . + + + + 10. s Gange
Nearly glabrous. Pod about 3 times as long as broad . . . 11. B. alpestris.

l. B. filifolia, Benth. Shrubby at the base and perfectly glabrous, like
the >. trisecta, Leaves solitary or scan; linear-filiform, gege
'olin.long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting racemes rather rigid, with spread-

14 VUl. CRUCIFERA. [ Blennodia.

ing pedicels of 4 to 5 lines. Pods shortly stipitate above the calyx-scar,
slender, straight or slightly curved, seldom above } in. long, the stigma raised
on a very short style; valves prominently l-nerved. Seeds obovate, rather
larger than in B. £risecía, emitting a rather copious mucilage.—Hrysimum
filifolium, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 368 ; Sisymbrium filifolium, F. Muell.
in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 34.

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, F. Mueller.

2. B.trisecta, Benth. A perfectly glabrous often glaucous undershrub
or almost a shrub, 1 to several ft. high. Leaves numerous, often clustered,
linear-filiform, sometimes rather thick, divided into 3 (rarely 2 or 5) unequal
linear-filiform segments, the whole leaf seldom above 1 in. long, except m
very luxuriant specimens. Flowers white, scented. Sepals 1 to 1j lines
long. Petals obovate, spreading. Fruiting raceme 4 to 6 in. long or rarely
more, with slightly spreading pedicels of + to 3 in. Pod sessile on the pe-
dicel, usually narrow-linear, 4 to 6 lines long, but sometimes very short,
straight or curved, the stigma sessile or nearly so; valves convex, with a
slender longitudinal nerve. Seeds numerous, small, oblong-ovoid, those
which I have soaked scarcely emitting any mucus.—Sisymbrium trisectum, F.
Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 114; Pl. Vict. i. 39.

N. S. Wales. Scrub near the Gwydir river, Mitchell ; Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Sandy clay-soil and dry limestone plains of the Murray, F. Mueller. :

S. Australia. Flinders Range, Murray river, and in the interior N.W. of Spencer s
Gulf, F. Mueller ; Cooper's Creek, Leichhardt. à

Var. órachycarpa. These specimens, collected in M*Douall Stuart's Expedition, are m
fruit only; the habit and foliage are precisely those of the common form gathered with them,
but the pods are shortly oblong and very turgid, about 2 lines long; they may possibly be
accidentally abnormal.

3. B.nasturtioides, Benth. A glabrous annual, the central scape
erect and leafless, the lateral branches decumbent at the base and leafy, from
2 or 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. long. Leaves usually pinnately divided into a few
linear rather thick segments, the radical ones often 2 in. long, the others
much smaller. Flowers yellow, rather small. - Fruiting racemes loose, 3 to
6 in. long, with slender pedicels. Pod narrow, 4 to 7 lines long, nearly
straight and scarcely contracted at the base; stigma sessile or nearly 50 ;
valves slightly convex, the longitudinal nerve very slender and sometimes
quite inconspicuous, Seeds small, ovate, emitting a considerable mucus
when soaked.— Erysimum nasturtium, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 968;
Sisymbrium nasturlioides, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 115; Pl. Vict.
i. 39.

N.S. Wales. Inundated plains on Lachlan river, 4. Cunningham.

Victoria. Plains of Murray river, towards the junction of the Darling, F. Mueller.

s. Australia. Hill, Hutt, and Rocky rivers, F. Mueller.

Var. pinnatifida. Leaves small, on long petioles, with few short lateral lobes and a larger
terminal one.— Between Darling and Lachlan rivers, Burkitt, small specimens in fruit outy,
the leaves mostly withered.

4. B. eremigera, Benth. Annual and erect or branching and decumbent
at the base, more or less hairy with short simple hairs, from a few in. to lg
ft. high. Leaves deeply and irregularly pinnatifid, with few oblong-linear or
linear, sometimes faleate lobes. Flowers small, yellow. Fruiting racemes

DA "2999

—

Blennodia.] VIII. CRUCIFERX. 15

loose, 2 to 4 in. long, with slender spreading pedicels. Pods like those of
B.nasturtioides, mostly about 1 in. long, slender, straight or curved, not con-
tracted at the base; stigma sessile or nearly so; valves with a slender nerve.
Seeds small, oblong-ovate, emitting mucus when soaked.—— Sisymbrium eremi-
gerum, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 143. í

Queensland. Maranoa river, Mitchell.
N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

5. B. cardaminoides, F. Muell. Herb. (as a Sisymbrium). A slender
or small annual like B. nasturtioides, but more or less clothed with a minute
stellate pubescence, sometimes scarcely visible without a lens. Leaves pinna-
tifid, the radical ones with rather numerous small, ovate triangular or lanceo-
late lobes, the terminal ones confluent, the lower ones becoming distinct seg-
ments along the petiole; stem-leaves few and small, with few short lobes.
Flowers white (or pink ?), the sepals barely 1 line long. Petals. obovate,
twice as long. Fruiting raceme loose and slender, 2 to 4 in. long, with
slender spreading pedicels. Pod 4 to 6 lines long, scarcely 1 line broad,
usually curved, narrowed towards the base, glabrous or with a very minute
stellate tomentum ; valves very convex and keeled. Seeds small, ovate,
emitting mucus when soaked. l

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition,

Victoria. Sapd-ridges and heaths on the Glenelg, F. Mueller, Robertson.

Me Australia. Near Wellington, and other places near the mouth of the Murray, F.
ueller.

Some imperfect. dry specimens have a slight resemblance with the European Sisymbrium
Thalianum, to which F. Mueller was disposed to refer them, but the latter plant is really very
different, having the undivided leaves, the flattened pods, the single-rowed seeds, and the
Whole habit of an Arabis, with the cotyledons less decidedly incumbent than iu other Si-
Symória,

. 8. B. curvipes, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and Pl. Viet.
1.42. A small but rather coarse annual, branching from the base, seldom
above 6 to 8 in. high, hoary with a rather rough stellate or branching pubes-
cence. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or broadly linear, coarsely toothed or entire,
the radical ones about 1 in. long and. narrowed into a petiole, the upper ones
smaller. Flowers small, yellow, the petals scarcely longer than the calyx.
Fruiting racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. long. Pedicels spreading or curved, Y x
6 lines. Pod curved, 4 to 5 lines long, turgid, 13 line thick in the mid wë
tapering into a short style at the top, contracted at the base, pubescent wit
short stellate hairs ; valves very convex and keeled. Seeds few, ovate, exuding
mucus when soaked.—Erysimum eurvipes, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 368.

Sandy localities on the Murray, towards the junction with the Darling, F.
Mueller,

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, to the N. W. of Lake Torrens, and about Spencer's
Gulf, F, Mueller. qe ptem

. |. B. brevipes, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and Pl. Vict.
KAL, A gege branching annual of 1 to 2 ft., hoary with a short — et
branching pubescence. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, 1 to 2 1n. eer api
With triangular or lanceolate lobes, entire or scarcely toothed ; Ke em
leaves smaller and toothed only. Flowers very small, white, the p ith
Scarcely exeeeding the calyx: Fruiting racemes rigid, 3 to 4 in. long, with

76 VIII. CRUCIFERS. [ Blennodia.

erect, rigid pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Pods mostly about + in. long, turgid, some-
what curved, tapering into a short style at the top, contracted at the base,
pubescent with stellate hairs; valves very convex, but the midrib scarcely
conspieuous except at the base. Seeds few, ovate, large, but distinctly
ranged in 2 rows, the mucus very copious, with radiating fibres.-—Zrystmum
brevipes, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 367.

Victoria. Barren sandy localities on the Murray and its lower tributaries, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Rocky River, and to the N. W. of Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.
WV. Australia. South coast ?, Drummond, n. 128.

8. B. lasiocarpa, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 100, and Pl.
Vict. i. 40, f. 2. An annual, hoary with stellate pubescence, the central
scape short and erect, the lateral stems decumbent and leafy at the base,
branching and attaining 1 ft. or more. Radical leaves petiolate, lyrate-pin-
natifid, 1, 2, or even 3 in. long ; stem-leaves smaller, pinnatifid, or the upper
ones toothed only. Flowers pink or white. Calyx about 1 line, petals
obovate, fully twice as long. Fruiting racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. long, with
divaricate pedicels of 4 to 6 lines. Pods not above 4 in. long, turgid, curved,
tapering at the top with a short slender style, contracted at the base, hispid
with simple or stellate hairs; valves very convex, with the midrib scarcely
conspicuous. Seeds ovate, the mucus copious.— Erysimum blennodioides, F.
Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 367. d

N.S. Wales. Daring river, Victorian Expedition,

Victoria. Arid sandy plains on the Murray and its lower tributaries, F. Mueller.
S. Australia. Towards Lake Alexandrina, Hildebrand ; Cooper’s Creek, A. C. Gregory.

9. B. canescens, R. Br. in App. Sturt. Exped. 4. Annual, but the
lateral branching stems apparently harder at the base at the close of the
season, so as to be almost woody; the whole plant hoary with a short, soft,
stellate pubescence. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, the radical ones
about 2 in. long, pinnatifid and narrowed into a petiole, the upper ones
linear, toothed or entire. Flowers large, pink, resembling those of a Mat-
thiola. Calyx 21 lines long, hoary. Petals fully twice as long, with long
claws. Fruiting racemes rather Joose, 2 to 6 in. long, the pedicels short,
slightly spreading. Pod linear, 1 to 11 in. long, slightly pubescent, with con-
vex valves, crowned by the large, persistent stigma. Seeds oval-oblong,
smooth.

N.S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

me Australia. Cooper's River, 4. C. Gregory; Elizabeth river, near Lake Torrens,
ergott. T

10. B. Cunninghamii, Benth. A tufted herbaceous perennial, more
or less hoary with soft stellate hairs, occasionally mixed with simple ones;
annual stems erect or decumbent at the base, from a few inches to 1 ft. high,
slightly branched. Radical leaves petiolate, 1 to 2 in. long, oblong or lan-
ceolate, coarsely toothed or shortly pinnatifid ; stem-leaves few and sma”,
from lanceolate to nearly obovate. Flowers small, apparently white. Fruit-
ing racemes loose, 2 to 4 in. long, with spreading pedicels. Pod 4 to 5 lines
long, acute at the top and at the base, tipped by a very short subulate style,
pubescent with simple or stellate hairs, or nearly glabrous; valves Vety

restos

ergeet

Blennodia.] VIII. CRUCIFERR. 77

convex, with a prominent midrib. Seeds oval-oblong, smooth, the mucus
rather copious.
a, Mitchell.

MR Wes. "Bathurst Philos and other parts of the interior of the colony, A. Cun-
ningham, Fraser.

ll. B. alpestris, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i.100. A EE
herbaceous perennial, usually tufted, sometimes at first sight Ferien u
almost always more or less pubescent with stellate hairs visible gas e e
Flowering stems rarely 6 in. high. Leaves chiefly radical, petiolate, obovate-
oblong, with a few coarse tecth, rarely almost lyrate-pinnatifid, or sores
nearly entire, 3 to 2 in. long; stem-leaves few and narrow. donee xa o
or pink, often tinged with purple. Sepals nearly 1 line, petals a E aem
long. Fruiting racemes rather dense, 1 to 2 in. long, with E "i cd
pedicels. Pod glabrous or nearly so, slightly curved, about 3 pius
l line broad in the middle, tapering at the top and the base, the va eng ^ vi
convex and marked with a strong midrib. Seeds ovate, elegantly re vie e:
exuding a rather thin coat of mucus when soaked.— Capsella blennodina, F.
Muell. Pl, Vict. i. 42,

N.S. Wales. Ranges near Bathurst, W. Wools.

Victoria. Subalpine grassy meadows at the sources of the Murray and Snowy rivers,
F. Mueller. TAE t
As observed by Dr. Mueller, this species certainly connects Blennodia bi rcm o
the habit and the broader septum in relation to the transverse ec grid rir it than with
to me to connect it much more with the former genus, where he had p 2
the latter, to which he subsequently referred it.

9. STENOPETALUM, R. Br.

Sepals narrow, erect, equal at the base. Petals shores. eg Mie
the claw, tapering to a point, often long and twisted. Pod glo we icuous
or shortly linear, the valves very convex, usually without we A i a very
nerve; septum membranous ; stigma globular, sessile or Hg n free Cé
short style. Seeds several, small, in 2 rows, not bordere i Ae and gla-
form funicles ; cotyledons incumbent.—Annuals, usually Flo ers orange-

rous, rarely tomentose and more rigid. Leaves linear. ow
yellow or white.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Pods erect, 2 to 4 times as long as broad. : e
Hoary tomentose. Pedicels as long as the pod. Petals 3 times
as long as the calyx. . PS

e 1. S. velutinum.
Glabrous or slightly tomentose. ` Pedicels shorter than the pod.

ineare. .
Petals about twice as long asthe calyx. . s+ s+ * =
Glabrous. Flowers almost sessile. Petals more than twice as 8. S. filifolium.
Jong as the ele . . . . . . (ons «o XM Naro ae
Pods spreading or pendulous, globular or ovoid. ` 4, S. spherocarpum.
pals scarcely 1 line, petals not twice as long . . . + i

pals 13 line or more, petals more than twice as long.
Pedicels slender, 2 or 3 times as long as the sepals. i
Slightly hoary with appressed hairs. Leaves entire or re- 5. S. nutans.
motely toothed -. . ys, EE Ze E
Glabrous. Lower leaves mostly pinnatifid . . . - + 6. S. robustum.
Pedicels shorter than the eg 9. 906g

78 VIII. CRUCIFER®. [Stenopetalum.

1. S. velutinum, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.49. Erect and rather a
to 14 ft. high, white or hoary with a very short stellate tomentum, which dis-
appears from the older leaves and the base of the stem.: Leaves narrow-
linear, rather thick, entire or with a few minute distant teeth, the lower a
11 to 2 in. long, the upper ones much shorter. Flowers erect, on pedicels
tb x i t Petals
about as long as the calyx. Sepals about 2 lines long, tomentose. tet
yellowish, the long slender point fully 3 times as long as the calyx. —
pedicels erect, 3 to 5 lines long. Pod elliptical-oblong or almost ovoid, ge
8 lines long, very turgid, glabrous; valves nerveless; ovules 8 to 12 1n eac
cell. i :

N.S. Wales. Tributaries of the Darling, Bowman; near Mr. Mawson s Roblec
station, Leichhardt.

Victoria. Barren localities on the Murray, rare, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Between Stokes range and Cooper’s Creek, Wheeler. .

2. S. lineare, A. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 513. Usually erect, slender.
little branched and quite glabrous, $ to 14 feet high. Leaves few, narrow-
linear, 1 to 14 in. long, entire or occasionally pinnatifid, with 1 or 2 short
linear lobes on each side. ‘Flowers small. Sepals not 1$ line long. Petals
of a brownish-yellow, the narrow-linear exserted portion not longer than the
sepals. Fruiting racemes slender but rigid, with erect pedicels not half so
long as the pod. Pods erect, oblong, 2 to 3 lines long and scarcely 1 line
broad, glabrous, the valves usually showing the midrib. Seeds 8 to 12 m
each cell, small, ovate, smooth.— Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 618 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
1. 22; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 49.

N. S. Wales. Interior of the Colony, 4. Cunningham ; between Darling and Lach-
lan rivers, Burkitt.

Victoria. Sandy and rocky shores of Port Phillip and Wilson’s Promontory, Murray
desert and sandy localities near Mount M‘Ivor, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. South Esk river, thirty miles from Launceston, Guan.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 680.

. Var. canescens. A low branching more robust form, the young shoots slightly h
with a minute stellate pubescence, and the leaves rather thicker.—Port Phillip, 7

“Mueller.

3. S. filifolium, Benth. A very slender, erect, glabrous annual, 1 to 14
ft. high, paniculately branched in the upper part. Leaves few, in our spect-
mens filiform and entire, the longest 14 in. long. Racemes slender, erect, 3 w
6 in. long. Flowers very nearly sessile, small, and apparently yellow. Sepals
scarcely 1} lines long. Petals when opened out nearly 5 lines, including the
claw and long point. Pods oblong, 14 to nearly 3 lines long, $ to 1 Jine
broad, the valves very convex and without any nerve, the pedicels seldom 1
line and often not 4 line long. Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell.

W. Australia, Drummond, Lef Coll.

4. S. sphaerocarpum, P Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 35, and
Pi. Vict. i. 50. A slender glabrous annual, erect or branching and decum-
bent at the base, from a few inches to 1 ft. high, Leaves few, small, narrow-
linear, entire or deeply divided into 3 to 5 narrow-linear lobes. Flowers
very small, on recurved pedicels of nearly 1 line. Sepals not above l line
long.. Lamina of the petals scarcely longer. Fruiting racemes slender, one*

Stenopetalum.] VIII. CRUCIFER®. 79

sided, with recurved pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Pod nearly globular, 1} to 2
lines long, and often rather narrower ; valves very convex, without any con-
spicuous nerve. Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell. Seeds. few, exuding abundant
mueus when soaked. e Yi
i i i i lains on the Murray, F. Mueller.

eae US mdr A yore di Barossa Range, Crystal Brook, and around
Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

S. Australia, Drummond.

5. S. nutans, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 27. An erect annual, about 5, in.
high in the single specimen seen, slightly hoary with appressed hairs. Leaves
linear, entire or remotely toothed, about 1 in. long, narrowed at each end.
Racemes loose. Pedicels much longer than the calyx, slender, erect pee
flower, reflexed when in fruit. Sepals about 1$ line long. Petals with a fili-
form point of 4 or 5 lines. Pod broadly oval-oblong, about 4 lines long, very
turgid, glabrous, ripening 3 or 4 seeds in each cell. en

S. Australia. Between Stoke’s Range and Cooper's Creek, F. Wheeler (a single
Specimen in Herb. Mueller),

6. S. robustum, Endl. i» Hueg. Enum. 4. A glabrous, iécht
branching annual, in the original form stout, 1 to 2 ft. high, Se: Ve “a
spreading branches, in the more common variety slender, ina il ia
With more erect branches. Leaves few, linear, entire or the lower ones +
natifid, with 1 to 3 narrow lobes on each side. Racemes rigid + Sos ae
somewhat one-sided, with spreading or recurved pedicels, not longer yo Eo
calyx when in flower, often rather longer than the pod when in fruit. T:
lj to near 2 lines long. Petals orange or white, the lamina Ces Is
lanceolate at the base, tapering to a point often 3 lines long. Pods "or : d
or pendulous, rarely nearly erect, from nearly globular to Pr ant? cell
2 lines long, but rarely above 14 lines broad. Ovules 6 to 8 m e Aeg
Seeds few, with not near so much mucus as those of S. a *
Ie. Pl. t. 620; S. gracile, Bunge, in Pl. Preiss. i. 257; 5. eroceum
minus, Bunge, l. c. 258. i

w. Nin. Vasse river and Murchison river, Oldfield, cer vomer her
quite agree with Endlicher’s description; the more slender variety 381939 be others.
common about Swan River, Drummond, n. 679, Preiss, n. 1936, 1938, e

7. S. pedicellare, F. Muell. Herb. Habit, stature, and foliage al
slender varieties of S. robustum, but still more slender. Racemes vgs Le:
with filiform pedicels longer than the calyx from the first, and 4 ak re
When in fruit. Calyx rather more than 1 line long. - Petals ap Less Es as
with a filiform point of 5 to 6 lines. Pod nearly of S. robustum, gio
ovoid, but I never find more than 4 ovules in each cell. :

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield.

10. GEOCOCCUS, J. Drumm. ü
ng,
Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals gamer midrib,
lightly compressed, obtuse, the valves convex, with * distinct, oblong, not
stigma sessile, entire. Seeds few, the two series rather distinct.

80 VIII. CRUCIFERZ. [ Geococcus.

bordered, with long funicles; cotyledons incumbent.——A stemless herb, with
radical pinnately-divided leaves, ripening its pods underground.
The genus is limited to the following species.

1. G. pusillus, J: Drumm. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 52. A stemless,
.tufted annual. Leaves all radical, spreading, 14 to 3 in. long, pinnately
divided, with triangular or shortly lanceolate lobes, the lower ones distinct,
the ultimate ones confluent. Flowers in our specimens imperfect, on short,
erect, radical peduncles. Petals, according to Drummond, oblong, E
clawed, shorter than the calyx. Fruiting peduncles lengthening to from 3 to
l in., recurved so as to bury the pod in the ground. Our pods are wre-
gularly ripened.

W. Australia. Northern districts, on the limestone part of Conolly's Station, Drum-
mont. =

This curious little plant, unknown from any other locality, may possibly prove to bea
condition of some species having usually dimorphous flowers, in which the more perfect €
are not developed. If so, it may very likely be a Blennodia, of some species of. which i
has the radical leaves.

1l. MENKEA, Lehm.

Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, clawed. Pod broadly
oval or linear-oblong, obtuse, very flat; the valves quite flat, 1-nerved, with
reticulate veins ; septum none or very narrow, bordering the replum ; stigma
sessile. Seeds numerous, very small, in two series, suspended from free
capillary funicles along the replum ; cotyledons incumbent.—Small annuals.

_ Leaves few, linear, entire. Flowers small, white.

The genus is endemic in W. Australia.

Pods ovate, about 2 lines long, in loose slender racemes . . . . . LM utn
Pods narrow-oblong, 4 to 5 lines long, in short dense racemes . . . 2. M.draboides.

1. M. australis, Lehm. in Ind. Seem. Hort. Hamb. 1843, 8. A small,
slender, glabrous annual, branching at the base, very much resembling
Capsella procumbens. Radical leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, entire or
with 1 or 2 coarse teeth, about 4 inch long including the petiole; stem-
leaves small and few. Flowers white, very minute, the sepals about i line
long, the petals but little longer, with the lamina obovate or oblong. Fruit-
ing racemes loose and slender, with filiform pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Pods
ovate, about 2 lines long.— Bunge, in Pl. Preiss. i. 259 ; Sfenopetalum pro-
cumbens, Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 610; Menkea procumbens, F. Muell. Fragm. 1.
142; PL Vict. 1 999. —

N.S. Wales. Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Murray desert, F, Mueller.

W, Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843 n. 87 and 90; Preiss, n. 1937.

2. M. draboides, Hook. f. A smaller plant than M. australis, the stems
seldom exceeding 2 in., but more robust and branching. Radical leaves
about $ in. long, linear-oblong or lanceolate. Flowers small, with obovate-
oblong petals, apparently yellowish. Fruiting racemes short and dense, wit
pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Pod narrow-oblong, acute at the base, 4 to 5 lines
long and 1 to 1} lines broad.—Stenopetalum draboides, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 611;
Menkea australis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 142, not Lehm.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843,

TT er RETE! cl

VIII. CRUCIFERA. 81

12. CAPSELLA. Mænch.
(Mierolepidium, F. Muell.)

- |. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals short. Pod ovoid or oblong,
laterally compressed or nearly terete, the valves very turgid or boat-shaped,
eeled, the septum thin; style short or stigma sessile. Seeds several, in 2
. | fows, not bordered, on free funicles ; cotyledons incumbent or rarely accum-
| Pent.—Small or weak annuals. Radical leaves rosulate, entire or lobed.
| Racemes slender, with small white flowers.

à A small genus dispersed over the temperate regions of both the northern and southern
emispheres, Two of the following species are exclusively Australian. The genus is nearly
allied to Blennodia, but the pod is shorter and more compressed laterally, the septum being
usually narrower than the transverse diameter. ;

Pod Spiel or ovoid, not much compressed, obtuse or acute at the

p.
Plant glabrous. Pod many-seeded, the septum about 3 times as
ERN Sie ni: cod Bian ped rtd
lant minutely pubescent. Pod few-seeded, the septum not twice E
eege
terally compressed, euneate or ovate, emarginate or broadly
E. truncate at the top. ;
1 t much branched, of 1 to 2 in. Pod oval-oblong, emarginate,
Aes rounded lobes and few seeds... + se ee s
ht little branched, 3 to 14 ft. Pod cuneate-triangular, with
mumerous seeds , . , wale ee ost «a CuBursa-pastoris (p.82).

1. €. procumbens.

8. C. pilosula.

D . D

l l. C. procumbens, Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. i. 14. A small,
` ^P glabrous, decumbent, and much-branched annual, seldom exceeding
E >m., and often not 2 in. high. Leaves from lanceolate to nearly ovate, the
IE OWer ones petiolate, pinnatifid or toothed, rarely exceeding 1 in., the upper

ones Smaller, often linear and entire. Flowers white, very small, the petals
cely exceeding the calyx. Fruiting racemes loose, with filiform spreading
pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Pod ovoid, 1} to 2 lines long, the valves very
E Convex and boat-shaped, the septum 3 or 4 times as long as broad, and
E COnsiderably narrower than the transverse diameter of the fruit. Seeds
«ually 10 to 12 or sometimes more in each cell.—Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ.
T l; Hutchinsia procumbens, R. Br, DC. Syst. Veg. i. 390; Hook.
; Fl. Tasm. i. 22; Capsella elliptica, C. A. Mey. Verz. Pfl. Canc. 194;
: ted Pl. Viet. i. 43; Stenopetalum incisafolium, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic.
Boggy, slightly saline places around Port Phillip Bay, and on the Murray,

ia. Blackman’s River, on the road to Hobarton, Gunn. :
S. Australia. Near St. Vincent's Gulf and Lake Alexandrina, P. Mueller ; Guichen

"Australia, Drummond, Ath Coll. n. 129. :
A common plant in the northern hemisphere, especially around the Mediterranean and in

and Central Asia, found also in N.W. America and in extratropical S. America.

mme sm r C. procumbens,
australis, Hook. f. A small annual, very near ©. proc
id perhaps a variety only. A is usually still smaller, and sprinkled p a
Yas, stellate pubescence. Foliage the same. Flowers ag NW

I.

82 VIII. CRUCIFERÆ. [ Capsella,

elliptical-ovate, about 2 lines long, and less compressed than in C. procumbens,
the septum not twice as long as broad, and as broad at least as the transverse
diameter of the fruit. Ovules usually 6 to 8 in each cell, of which only 3 S
4 come to maturity—Hutchinsia australis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 23, t. 4
Capsella antipoda, V. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 44.

Victoria. Mount Macedon, summit of Mount Alexander, and in the Black Forest,
F. Mueller. n

Tasmania. Not unfrequent in dry stony places, but easily overlooked, J. D. Hooker.

Draba pumilio, R. Br. in DC. Syst. Veg. i. 353, from the minute specimens in the Baul
herbarium appears to be either C. procumbens or C. australis, in a very young dwarf state.

3. C. pilosula, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 44. A small erect annual, =
bescent with short simple or stellate hairs, with numerous branches, often de-
cumbent at the base, 1 to 3 in. high. Leaves small, obovate or lanceolate,
entire, toothed or with a few lobes. Flowers small, white. Fruiting n
rather rigid, with spreading pedicels shorter than the pod. Pods oval-ob ua
or cuneate, emarginate with short, rounded, but not winged lobes, late z
compressed, about 2 lines long, glabrous, the stigma sessile in the notch ;
septum narrow, very thin; valves boat-shaped and keeled, but not winged.
Ovules 6 to 8 in each cell. Seeds few, without mucus when soaked.—
Microlepidium pilosulum, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 371.

Victoria. Sandy desert, on the Murray, rare, F. Muelle». 1 find the pod-valves hollow
to the top in this species as in C. Bursa-pastoris.

C. Bursa-pastoris, Moench ; DC. Prod. i. 177; Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ. ii. t. ll, an eredt
annual, often above a foot high, the radieal leaves usually spreading and pinnatifid, those d
the stem few, narrow, clasping with projecting auricles, the pods triangular-cuneate, m
compressed in a long loose raceme; of European or Asiatic origin, but now one of the

monest weeds nearly all over the globe without the tropics, has also established itself in
cultivated places in several of the Australian colonies.

13. SENEBIERBA, Poir.

Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base, Petals short. Pod laterally S
compressed, orbicular or broader than long, either indehiscent or separating `
into two nuts, each with a single seed. Embryo bent in a circle, or the m
dicle incumbent on the back of the cotyledons, but with the bend above S
attenuated base of the cotyledons, not at their junction with the radicle. ot
Annuals or biennials, much branched and usually prostrate. Leaves entire
pinnately divided. Flowers very small, in short leaf-opposed racemes.

There are several species dispersed over the warm as well as the temperate regions

of the New and the Old World, and more especially near the sea, the following ones extent-
ing to Australia, ;

Pods 1 line broad, slightly wrinkled, on slend icels, i
Leaves linear, entire , E E s x; — 1. S. integrifolia.
9. S. didyma.

` I$. Coronopus (p. 89

l. S. integrifolia, DC. in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. an 1, 145 Ps
and Syst. Veg. ii. 522. A rigid, glabrous, somewhat glaucous annual (or all
ennial ?), usually decumbent, and very much branched. ‘Leaves linear, Us"

DH

: : r
acute, 3 to 1 in. long or rather more, narrowed into a petiole, quite entire °

H DH H e

Leaves pinnate s EN MA WE c gis game
Pods 2 lines broad, deeply wrinkled, sessile or nearly so .

mr

Senebiera.) VIII. CRUCIFERJF. 83

very rarely with 1 or 2 smallteeth. Flowers very small and numerous, in
terminal or leaf-opposed racemes usually much longer than the leaves ; pedi-
cels slender, rarely exceeding 1 line. Pods like those of 5. didyma, of the
same size, and reticulate when young, becoming often warted or even corky
when old.—S. linoides, DC. ; Harv. and Sond. PL Cap. i. 27.
Queensland. Bird Island, Wreck reef, Denham.

_ The species has a wide range on the seacoasts of S. Africa and Madagascar, and we have
it also from Pratas and other islands of the Chinese seas. S. mexicana, Hook. and Arn.
Bot. Beech. 276, is the same plant, but was probably gathered in the islands of Loo Choo
or Bonin, and not in Mexico,

2. S. didyma, Pers. Syn. ii. 185. A much-branched, prostrate annual,
spreading on the ground from 6 in. to 1 ft. or more, glabrous, or with a few
long loose hairs. Leaves pinnately divided into 7 to 11 narrow segments,
Which are usually again cut into 2 to 4 unequal linear or lanceolate lobes, the
lower leaves often once pinnate, with oblong or obovate, entire or shortly
lobed segments. Flowers very small and numerous, in leaf-opposed racemes,
Which seldom, even in fruit, exceed the leaves, the pedicels slender, 1 to 2
lines long. Pods about 3 line long and 1 line broad, wrinkled, formed of 2 *
ovoid distinct lobes, which separate into 1-seeded nuts when ripe.—Reichb.
le. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 9; S. pinnatifida, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 523; Prod. i. 203.

, À common weed in sandy soil, especially near the sea, in all warm countries, perhaps in-
digenons to N, Australia, and now established in the neighbourhood of towns in almost all
the Colonies,

8. Coronopus, Poir., DC. Prod. i. 203, with rather coarser foliage, the flowers and fruits
sessile or nearly so along the rhachis of the raceme, and pods about 2 lines diameter, nearly
orbicular, very much wrinkled and indehiscent, a very common European weed, is men-
tioned by F, Mueller as introduced into Victoria, but I have not seen Australian specimens.

14. LEPIDIUM, Linn.
(Monoploca, Bunge.) :

Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals short, equal, sometimes wanting.
od ovate or shortly oblong, rarely orbicular, usually much compressed late-
rally and notched at the top, the valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged, the
septum narrow ; style filiform or stigma sessile. Seeds solitary in each cell,
Suspended from the top of the septum with a free funicle ; cotyledons incum-
nt in all except one species not Australian.—Herbs, undershrubs, or even
small shrubs, very variable in habit. Leaves in the Australian species narrow

R Flowers small, white, the racemes without bracts.
large genus, s warmer regions of the globe, but not alpine
and scarcely ray Ho arin iae s has wën wide geographical range, the
others are confined to Australia, although one has nearly allied representatives in the Pacifio
islands. For the opportunity of inspecting original specimens of the Lepidia published LA

hic OI: I am indebted to the kindness of M. La Valleé, of Paris, the present possessor
is herbarium,

Leaves all qni å 4 i
quite entire, Pod usually conspicuously winged.
ves broadly ovate or ag f e Lo. y sos os 1, E strongylophyllum.
cm eg or lanceolate. i Pod
ves linear-lanceolate. S fully 24 lines long. EA
With 2 acute apen 3 = i ` * E DRE S . . 9. L, linifolium.
ves narrow-linear. Sepals 2 lines or less, Pod-lobes
Obiuse or very small. e 1

84 VIII. CRUCIFERÆ. [ Lepidium.

Petals linear. Sepals 2 lines. Stem shrubby. . . .
Petals oblong or ovate. Sepals 1-1} lines. Stem her-
baceous,

Lobes of the pod longer than the style (about 1 line).

Valves winged to the base. . . - . + +--+ -

Lobes of the pod shorter than the style (not 4 line).

Valves scarcely winged. . . 6 bs + wo be

Petals none, Stamens 4. Pod-wings almost united with

ii 6 case: EE “2? Bo hoe uy

Leaves mostly toothed or lobed. Flowers very small. Pod-
wings small or none, except in Z. papillosum.

Petals none. Leaves narrow-linear, the upper ones auricled.

Stems papillose. Stamens 4. Pod about 2 lines long, with

2 short lobes or wings iu nob l.959 neg

Stems glabrous. Leaves linear or cuneate, not auricled, the

radical ones pinnatifid. Stamens 2, Podabout 14 lines,

SUCEDE SOMO 10. e 1 o0 DEE E a

Petals 4, minute. Leaves oblong-euneate. Stamens 6. Pod

2% to 3 lines long, with distinct lobes pH

8. L. leptopetalum.

4. L. rotundum.

. L, phlebopetalum.

ec

6. L. monoplocoides.

7. L. papillosum.

9. L. ruderale.
8. L. foliosum.

1. L. (?) strongylophyllum, F. Muell. Herb. Apparently shrubby,
quite glabrous, with the branches denuded at the base. Leaves in the upper part
of the branches, broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, or the upper ones elliptical-
oblong, 3 to $ in. long, entire, rather thick, narrowed into a short petiole.
Flowers unknown. Fruiting raceme evidently dense, with spreading pedicels
of about 2 lines, the thick rhachis 1 to near 2 in. long. Pods only known
by the persistent replum, which is oblong-lanceolate, nearly 3 lines long, $ line
broad in the centre, terminating in a subulate style of about 1 line, and the
scars of a funicle on each side at the upper angle of the replum show that
there had been a single pendulous seed in each cell as in other Lepidia.

S. Australia. Mount Vision, on the clay-slate in the N.W. interior, M*Douall
Stuart. A very remarkable species, of which the small remains of a pod in one of the
specimens (Hd. F. Muell.) have been barely sufficient to give a clue to the genus.

2. L. linifolium, Benth. Glabrous and erect, 1 to 13 ft. high or more.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, 1 to 2 inches long, entire, nar-
rowed into a petiole. Flowers large for the genus, apparently pink or lilac.
Sepals 2$ lines. Petals nearly twice as long, obovate. Fruiting racemes
loose, with semi-erect or at length spreading pedicels of 4 to 5 lines.
without the wings nearly orbicular, rather more than 3 lines diameter, very flat,
the wings at the top forming a triangular, erect, acute lobe nearly 2 lines long;
the subulate style about half their length in the sinus, which is very Open.
Seeds compressed. Cotyledons linear.— Lepia linifolia, Desv. Journ. Bot.
iii. 166 and 181; Iberis linearifolia, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 405.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Herb. Mus. Par.; Flinders Bay, Collie; Murchison
river, Sanford. 3

3. L. leptopetalum, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 48. A low, scrubby, much-
branched shrub, quite glabrous. Leaves linear, thick and succulent, almost
semiterete, the longer ones } to 1 in. long, those of the side branches much
smaller. Sepals about 2 lines long. Petals scarcely longer, linear, often
almost subulate. Stamens 6. Fruiting racemes short and loose, wit
spreading pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Pod very flat, oval-elliptical, about 3

Lepidiun.] VIII. CRUCIFERJE. 85

lines long ; dorsal wings extending at least halfway down the valves, and
forming at the top of the pod two short obtuse lobes, the subulate style pro-
Jecting much beyond them. Seeds much compressed, exuding a viscous but
clear mucilage when soaked.—Monoploca leptopetala, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 35.

N.S. Wales. Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. High barren limestone rocks of the Murray, and in the surrounding district,
F. Mueller,

4. L. rotundum, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 537; Prod. i. 205. Glabrous
and erect or branching and decumbent at the base, 3 to 6 in. or rarely nearly
I ft. high. Leaves linear, obtuse or rarely acute, seldom above 1, iu. long,
quite entire, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers small, white. Sepals about 1
line. Petals obovate, rather longer. Fruiting racemes rigid, 2 to 4 in. long,
with spreading pedicels of about two lines. Pod nearly orbicular, without
the wings about two lines diameter, and not so flat as in Z. linifolium; dorsal
Wings of the valves continued to their base, but much broader at the top,
Where they form two obtuse lobes at least 1 line long ; style from $ to $ their
length in the sinus, which is usually narrow.—Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 609 ; Lepia
rotunda, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. 166 and 181; Monoploca rotunda, Bunge, in
Pl. Preiss, i. 260; Monoploca linifolia, Bunge, 1. c., without the synonyms.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1941 and 2070; Princess Royal
Harbour, Mazwell ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

5. L. phlebopetalum, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.i.47. Very closely allied to
L. rotundum, and perhaps a variety only, scarcely differing from it except in the
pod, which is orbicular-ovate, 2 to 24 lines long, with an exceedingly narrow
wmg extending about halfway down the back of the valves, and forming at
the top two minute lobes, often not 4 line and seldom 4 line long; with the
very slender small style projecting from between them. Jn some specimens,
however, of Burkitt’s the lobes of the pod and proportions of the style are in-
termediate between this and Z. rotundum.—Monoploca phlebopetala, F.

uell. in Linnæa, xxv. 369.

R XR Wales. Darling river, F. Mueller. Between the Lachlan and Darling river,
urkitt, i

Victoria. iti . Mueller.

S. Rehd. Rd Crack, PE KS interior, M‘Douall Stuart.

6. L. monoplocoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 35, and
Pl. Fiet, i. af Deeg annual, of about 6 in., glabrous or
slightly rough with minute papille. Leaves narrow-linear, entire and not
auricled, the lower ones sometimes 2 in. long, but mostly 4 to l in. Flowers
very minute, without petals and with only 4 stamens. Fruiting racemes 2 to
3 in. long, with rigid? rather spreading, flattened pedicels, of là to 2 —

od orbicular, scarcely 2 lines long, flat, winged all round, the wings unit
with the style at the top, and projecting beyond it in 2 minute, connivent,
acute lobes, forming a short point to the pod. Seeds with a viscid, clear
mucus, as in several of the preceding species.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Mallee scrub, on the Murray, towa

rds its junction with the Murrumbidgee,
F. Mueller,

86 VIII. CRUCIFERJE. (Lepidium.

1. L. papillosum, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 310, and Pl. Vict. i. 46.
An erect, branching annual, usually under 6 in., but, according to F. Mueller,
sometimes 1 ft. high or more, the stems covered with little transparent papille,
and exhaling an unpleasant scent. Radical leaves petiolate, often 2 in. long
or more, linear-oblong, coarsely toothed or irregularly pinnatifid, the upper
ones lanceolate or linear-cuneate, with a few remote teeth, and clasping the
stem by their auricled base, $ to 1 in. long, and all glabrous. Flowers very
small, without petals, and with only 4 stamens. Fruiting racemes mostly 2
to 4 in. long, with rigid, flattened, rather spreading pedicels, of about 2 lines.
Pod obovate, about 2 lines long, the valves winged only above the middle, form-
ing 2 rounded terminal lobes, a little more than 4 line long, with the stigma
sessile in the rather narrow sinus. Seeds exuding a viscid, clear mucilage 1n
great abundance.

N. S. Wales. Interior of the colony, A. Cunningham. Between the Darling and
Lachlan rivers, Burkitt.

Victoria. Murray desert, in several localities, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. In great numbers on the barren hills and plains near Crystal Brook,
Rocky River, and to the N.W. of Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller; between Stokes’ Range and
Cooper’s Creek, Wheeler.

8. L. foliosum, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. 164 and 180; DC. Prod. i. 206.
A low, straggling, glabrous herb, apparently perennial, with hard irregularly
divaricate branches, sometimes attaining 2 feet, but often very much smaller.
Leaves mostly oblong-cuneate, } to 1 in. long, but sometimes lanceolate or
almost linear and nearly 2 in. long, or short and obovate, usually with a few
coarse teeth at the top, sometimes toothed from the base or pitnatifid with
short entire or even toothed lobes, usually narrowed below the middle, but
always with a broad half-stem-clasping base, and sometimes auricled. Flowers
very small. Petals on short slender claws, with a minute white ovate Jamina.
Fruiting racemes 2 to 3 in. long, often becoming lateral by the elongation of
leafy shoots, with spreading pedicels of about 2 lines. Pods ovate or ellipti-
cal, flat, 25 to 3 lines long, sometimes almost wingless, but usually the very
narrow wings form 2 minute, obtuse, terminal points, between which 1s -
very short style. Seeds exuding a not very thick mucilaginous coat.— 7^
cuneifolium, DO. Syst. Veg. ii. 545 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 25; Z. impressum,
Bunge, in Pl. Preiss. i. 260. E

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, near the coast, and in waste places, Milne,
M'Gillivray.

Victoria. On the seacoast, Harvey. S ; t

"Tasmania. On the seacoast, in various places round the island, and in the islands 9
Bass's Straits, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Bernier. (H2. Muell.)

w. Australia. Freemantle, Collie, Preiss, n. 1942. ^ : É

This species is chiefly distinguished from Z. ruderale by its coarser habit, usually broade
leaves and more perfect flowers, and by the pods usually twice the size. Tt represents 1n
Australia the L. piseidivm of the Pacific Islands, which has a nearly similar pod and fom,
but most of its leaves are narrowed into a petiole, without the broad stem-clasping base ©
the Australian plant,

9. L. ruderale, Linn.; DC. Prod. i, 205. An annual, biennial, or
sometimes perennial, glabrous or with a few minute scattered hairs, T
mencing to flower when very small, but growing out to l or even 2 ft., wit

—

—— u€—

Lepidiuih.) = VIII. CRUCIFERÆ. 87

hard stems, and numerous divaricate, thin, wiry branches. Radical leaves
once or twice pinnatifid, with narrow-linear lobes, but soon decaying ; stem-
leaves linear or rarely almost oblong-cuneate, usually with a few irregular
teeth, especially towards the top, sometimes almost pinnatifid, the uppermost
often linear and entire. Flowers minute, without petals, and with only 2
stamens. Fruiting racemes usually rather loose, but rigid, 2 to 3 in. long,
with slender stiff spreading pedicels of 2 or 3 lines, but sometimes the ra-
cemes remain short and dense as When in flower. Pods ovate, 1 to near 1i
lines long, minutely 2-lobed at the top, with a short style between the lobes.
Seeds ovate, usually exuding no mucus.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. ii. t. 10 ;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 25 ; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 45; L. puberulum, Bunge,
Pl. Preiss. i, 261; Z. hyssopifolium, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. 164 and 179; Z.
Sruticulosum, Desv. 1. c. 165 and 180 (a tall luxuriant form).
N.S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart; Paramatta, Herb. Mueller.
ia. Throughout the colony, except at alpine elevations, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common on waysides and by the seashore in many localities, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Abundant in many localities, especially about salt-marshes and in waste
places, F, Mueller aud others, $

W. Australia. Apparently abundant, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1940, and others.

Var, crispum. Usually striated and very divaricate. Leaves short, oblong, cuneate,
mostly toothed, Pods rather long.—sS. crispum, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii, 165 and 176;
L. Nove-Hollandia, Desv. 1. c. 171.

Var.(?) spinescens. Smaller branches becoming thorny; pods rather larger, ovate or
elliptical, the notch scarcely perceptible.—Salt-marshes of S. Australia towards the mouth
of the Murray, Hildebrand, Whan, in Herb. Mueller. LZ. ambiguum, F. Muell, in Trans.
Phil. Soc, Vict. i. 34, appears to be the same or a similar variety in a luxuriant state with-
out the thorns. Both are now included by F. Mueller in the Z. ruderale. g

The species has a wide range, chiefly along the seacoasts of the temperate regions of

Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.

15. THLASPI, Linn.

Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals obovate, equal. Pod short, ovate,
ovate, obeuneate or oblong, much compressed laterally, notched or rarely
acute at the top, the valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged, the septum nar-
Tow; style filiform or stigma sessile. Seeds 2 or rarely 3 or 4 in each

ell, not winged ; cotyledons aceumbent.— Annual or perennial herbs, the ra-
leaves usually spreading, entire or toothed, those of the stem often auricled
at the base. Flowers white, pink, or pale purple, rarely m Must

A consid, e and colder regions of the northern hemi-
there, with a ver few S veram species and noue from S, Africa, The Australian ly 3
are all endemic, and differ from the enerality of the northern ones in the aceda, eA
or 4 in each cell instead of 2 only; three of the species have not the auricled leaves of the
Benus, and one has yellow flowers. à
Slender plant oflto 3 in. Stem-leaves auricled and stem-clasping . 1. Z. Zasmanicum.

ms rigid, with petiolate leaves.

Wescence scanty, mostly simple. 2. T. cochlearinum,

9wers white ` Be Saas ees Le Oe Oe
Flowers T ET s . . e + 8. T. ochranthum.
Fiw . 0.0. kk eee eee

" ERE. s a 5. n 4 20... & T. Drummondi

l. T(?) Tasmanicum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 23. A small, slender,

88 VIII. CRUCIFERE. ` EThlaspi.

erect, simple, or slightly-branched annual, 1 to 3 in. high, sprinkled with a
few stellate hairs. Radical leaves petiolate, ovate, entire, 2 to 3 lines long ;
stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong, often 5 to 6 lines long, the lowest narrowed
at the base, the others auricled and stem-clasping. Flowers small, white, the
petals longer than the sepals. Fruiting racemes loose, with slender divaricate
pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Young pod obovate, very flat, with strongly keeled
valves and 3 or 4 seeds in each cell_— Hutchinsia Tasmanica, Hook. Ic. Pl.
t. 848. e

Tasmania. Western mountains at Arthur’s Lake, Gunn.

The habit of this little plant is quite that of the European species of Thlaspi, in which
genus Dr. Hooker had at first placed it. We have since thought it might belong to the New
Zealand genus Notothlaspi, characterized by numerous seeds and incumbent cotyledons, a
point which cannot be determined till more mature seeds shall have been examined. The
habit is against the association.

2. T. cochlearinum, F. Muell Pl. Vict. i. 51. An erect, rigid,
branching annual, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, slightly pubescent, with a few short,
mostly simple and reflexed hairs. Leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, entire
or with 1 or 2 coarse teeth or lobes on each side, narrowed into a petiole, the
lower leaves about 2 in. long, the upper ones few and smaller. Flowers
white, rather large. Sepals open, 14 in. long. Petals much larger. Frutt-
ing racemes loose, about 2 in. long, with half-spreading pedicels of 6 to 8
lines. Pod broadly oval, 4 to 5 lines long, obtuse at the top but not notched,
pubescent with short, rigid, reflexed hairs ; styles subulate, nearly 1 line long.
Valves keeled, but not distinctly winged. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell, flat, or-
bicular, emitting a clear, viscid mucus when soaked ; cotyledons accumbent.
— Eunomia cochlearina, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 369.

S. Australia, Sandy hills between the Broughton and: Rocky rivers, and at Crystal
Brook, F. Mueller.

3. T. ochranthum, F. Muell. mss. From the very few specimens this
appears to be a smaller plant than T. cochlearinum, which it approaches very
nearly, with the same appressed hairs, either reflexed or attached by the
centre, and a similar though smaller foliage, but the flowers are yellow, the
fruiting pedicels much shorter, and the pods very broadly oval or almost or-
bicular, about 3 lines long.

N. S. Wales. On the tributaries of the Upper Darling, Bowman. Between the
Darling and Lachlan rivers, Burkitt, in each case single small specimens (Hb. F. Muell.)

3. T. Drummondi, Benth. Stems more branching than in T. coch-
learinum, loosely sprinkled with short stellate hairs. Upper leaves apparently
linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed and on long petioles, but the few on the
specimens are in a very bad state. Fruiting racemes 2 to 4 in. long, wit
spreading pedicels mostly of about 2 lines. Pods obovate-oblong, 4 lines
long and 2 broad, obtuse or almost notched, with a very short style, acute at
the base, sprinkled with stellate hairs; the valves acutely keeled but scarcely
winged. Seeds 2 to 4 in each cell, ovate, compressed, emitting a clear viscl
mucus when soaked ; cotyledons accumbent.

W. Australia. Drummond, Coll, 1845. The specimens are very imperfect.

IX. CAPPARIDE. 89

Orver IX. CAPPARIDEZ.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 to 8, either in a single series,
free or united in a campanulate calyx, or 2 outer and 2 inner ones. Petals
usually 4, imbricate, rarely 2 or none. Torus either small or expanded into
a disk or lengthened into a straight or curved stalk to the ovary. Stamens
inserted at the base or the summit of the torus or stalk of the ovary, definite
or indefinite, all perfect or some reduced to staminodia. Ovary 1-celled, with
l or usually several parietal placentas, which sometimes protrude so as to
divide the ovary into imperfect cells. Stigma sessile or borne on a distinct
style. Ovules usually numerous, rarely solitary, anatropous. Fruit either a
capsule, with the valves separating from the persistent septum or placentas as
in Crucifere, or indehiscent and succulent, or rarely dry. Seeds reniform or
angular, without or with only a very thin albumen. Embryo curved, the co-
‘tyledons incumbent, folded, or convolute, very rarely flat.—Herbs or shrubs,
rarely trees, Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple, or consisting
of to 5 digitate leaflets, with or without stipules, which when present are
occasionally prickly. Flowers either solitary or clustered in the axils of the

eaves, or more frequently in terminal racemes.

EM Order is pretty generally distributed over the warmer and tropical regions of both the
and the Old World. Of the following genera, two only, of one species each, and both
A" iu the Order, are peculiar to Australia, the other three are widely-spread tropical

Herbs with a capsular fruit.

orus short, the stamens inserted immediately within the sepals
and petals. Seeds several.

Stamens 4 to 6, or rarely 8. ae qa D I

Deeg Aer, uoc lo y A deep MEX

orus elongated, bearing the stamens at the top under the ovary.

Stamens all perfect, with long filaments. Leaves alternate, with
digitate leaflets. Sepals 4, Seeds several . 2 . ^. + + +
Mens very short, those on one side only bearing anthers.

. 1. CLEOME.
. 9. POLANISIA.

3. GYNANDROPSIS,
LJ

Shrubs Ves opposite, undivided. Calyx 5-lobed. Capsule l-seeded. 4. EMBLINGIA.
or trees, with an indehiscent succulent fruit.
les and seeds many.
. 5. CaDABA.

iu elongated, with a tube-like appendage at the base .
orus short without any basal appendage rane WA
Vules and seeds usually solitary. *
^àves minute or none. Flowers diccious. Sepals imbricate.
Torus small. Filaments BERE . rures irl
Ves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-lobed. Torus
elongated, with a lobed disk at the top, with anthers on one side 4,

. 6. CAPPARIS.

7. APOPHYLLUM.

EMBLINGIA.

1. CLEOME, Linn.

Deeg 4, sometimes united in a 4-toothed calyx. Petals 4, nearly equal.
i Mens 6, rarely 4 or 8, all or some only perfect, inserted on the short torus
minediately within the petals. Ovary sessile or stalked, with many ovules,
8 * Stigma sessile or on a short subulate style. Capsule usually elongated,
ue or stipitate, Seeds many, reniform, usually rough or woolly.— Herbs,
Met glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Leaves with 3 to 7 digitate leaflets,

90 IX. CAPPARIDES. [Cleome.

or in some species not Australian simple. Flowers solitary or in terminal
racemes.

A large genus chiefly abundant in the warm parts of America, and in the hot sandy
districts of N.E. Africa and S.W., Asia. .

Stemless, with radical leaves and l-flowered scapes. . . . . . . . 1. C. oralidea.
Erect and leafy, with racemose flowers . . . 00.0. 5 « 9. C. tetrandra.

1. C. oxalidea, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 69. A little, glabrous, glaucous,
‘almost stemless annual. Leaves radical, consisting of 3 obovate or orbicular
leaflets, 2 to 4 lines long, on a slender petiole longer than themselves. Seapes
filiform, 1-flowered, 14 to 2 in. long. Sepals about 1 line long. Petals of a
pale pink, ovate, about 2 lines long. Stamens 6 to 8, with linear-oblong
anthers attached near the base. Capsule sessile, linear-oblong or narrow-
linear, 4 to 1 in. long.
© N. Australia, Gravelly plains on the Upper Victoria river, and table land at the head
of Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.

2. C. tetrandra, Banks, in DC. Prod. i. 240. An annual, either
glabrous or sprinkled with a few short glandular hairs, the stems often several
together, slender, ascending from a few inches to 14 ft. Leaves chiefly at
the base of the stems on long petioles, with 3 or 5 linear-lanceolate or nar-
row-oblong leaflets sometimes above an inch long, the upper leaves few, small,
with only 3 leaflets or simple. Raceme loose and slender, with filiform pedi-
cels. Sepals 4 to 1 line long. Petals narrow, 3 to 6 lines long, nearly equal.
Stamens 4 to 6. Capsule sessile, slender, 1 to 14 in. long, with a short
subulate style, the valves thin and minutely striate. Seeds transversely
wrinkled.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Hyzoe; Victoria river, F, Mueller; Port Essington,
Armstrong ; Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

2. POLANISIA, Rafin.

Sepals and petals 4 each, as in Cleome, Stamens usually 8 or more,
inserted on the short torus. Ovary and capsule sessile or stalked, with many
ovules and seeds, as in Cleome.—Herbs, with the habit of Cleome, from whic
the genus only differs in the increased number of stamens. Flowers in ter-
minal racemes. ;

The genus is distributed over the warmer and tropical regions of both the New and the
Old World. The only Australian species is a common tropical weed.

1. P. viscosa, DC. Prod. i. 242. An erect branching annual or bien-
nial, usually about 1 ft. high, more or less covered with short, glandular,
viscid hairs. Leaflets 3 or 5, very rarely 7, from obovate or oblong-cuneate
to linear-lanceolate, the largest usually 1 to 14 in. long, but mostly muc
smaller. Flowers yellow, in terminal racemes. Sepals about 2 lines, petals
twice or thrice as long, from narrow-oblong to almost ovate. Stamens from
8 to 16. Capsule from oblong-linear about 1 in. long to harrow-linear an
3 in. long. strongly striate, the nerves very oblique and anastomosing in the
short pods, nearly parallel in the long ones, and always glandular-pubescent.
Seeds wrinkled.— Cleome flava, Banks, in DC. Prod. i. 241.

Polanisia.] - IX. CAPPARIDEJE. 91

N. Australia. Along the whole coast from westward of Victoria river to the limits of
Queensland, and abundant about the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, and others.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

Var. grandiflora. Slightly pubescent. Leaflets narrow. Sepals about 4 lines, petals
nearly 1 in. long. Capsule above 4 in. long. N.W. coast, Bynoe; Sweers Island, Henne.

Some specimens from the gravelly bed of the Victoria river, F. Mueller, have shot out
from the flowering racemes, numerous branches crowded with small leaves, and very small
axillary flowers almost without stamens, but producing small, slender capsules, the whole
plant assuming the appearance of the P. micrantha, Boj., from Madagascar. Other speci-
mens from the same locality have all the leaves entire or 3-lobed, but these have no flowers
to determine the species with certainty. ,

D D

The species is a common weed throughout India, extending into tropical Africa.

3. GYNANDROPSIS, DC.
(Reperia, F. Muell.)

Sepals and petals 4 each, as in Cleome, Torus produced into a long slen-
der gynophore, bearing at its summit about 6 stamens with filiform filaments.
Ovary sessile or stalked within the stamens, with many ovules, the stigma
sessile or on a subulate style, and the capsule sessile or stalked and many-
seeded, as in C/eome.— Herbs, with the habit of Cleome, from which the genus
only differs in the long stalk-like torus bearing the stamens. Flowers in ter-
minal racemes. Ser

is, li is di over the tropical regions, both of the
i e*t xn i glk aperi eqni is oer in and vean for the
very large size of its flowers.

l. G. Mueller, Benth. An erect annual, covered with a glandular
viscid pubescence. Leaflets 3 or 5, lanceolate or oblong-linear, those of the
upper leaves 3 to 1 in. long on a long petiole. Flowers yellow, on short pe-

cels in the upper axils, forming a terminal leafy raceme. Sepals 4 to near
l in. long, narrow, acuminate, unequal. Petals fully 3 in. long, oblong, nar-
rowed into a long claw. Stamens 5 to 7, the stipes or elongated torus often

in. long. - Capsule linear, 2 to 2} in. long, not striate, but rough with
Short glandular hairs, terminated by a slender style of nearly 1 in.—Reperia
cleomoides, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 15. :

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe. High, rocky; sandy table-land at the sources of
the river Victoria, Hooker’s Creek, and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.

4. EMBLINGIA, F. Muell.

Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, and split to the base on the upper side.
Petals 2, ‘atta into a slipper-shaped carte ascending on the side KAN
to the slit of the calyx. Torus produced into a linear, flat, curved. iem ,
ascending in the slit of the calyx, bearing a glabrous gland at the Ge ae E

tamens forming a spreading, disk-shaped ring at the summit of t da e
divided into 8 to 10 lobes, 4 to 6 of the outer lobes or staminodia o ong,
pubescent, and without anthers, 4 or 5 on the inner side, very short, Aid

ring an ovoid 2-celled anther. Ovary sessile within the um e >
Shortly 2-winged at the top, with a divaricately 2-lobed stigma sessile between

92 IX, CAPPARIDER. [Emblingia.

the wings. Placentas 2, each bearing a single laterally-attached ovule. After
flowering, the ovary turns down into the calyx, enlarges very obliquely, the 2
wings forming 2 small points on one side near the base. Fruit dry, inde-
hiscent, with a thin pericarp. Seed solitary, reniform, with a hard, rough,
almost muricate testa. Embryo involute, as in most Capparidee.—Shrub or
undershrub, with opposite leaves and axillary flowers.

This curious genus consists of only a single species peculiar to Australia.

1. E. calceoliflora, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 3. t.11. A prostrate shrub or
undershrub, harshly pubescent, resembling in habit some species of Scævola,
and assuming a yellowish hue when dry. Leaves mostly opposite or nearly
so, lanceolate or elliptical, acute, mostly 1 to 1$ in. long, narrowed into a
short petiole, wavy on the edges, and very harsh. Stipulary spines very mi-
nute, often wanting. -Flowers on very short axillary pedicels. Calyx about
3 lines long, rather herbaceous, divided to about the middle into 5 broad lobes.
Corolla about twice as long, broadly oblong, pubescent. Torus about 4 lines
long, pubescent on the thin edges, nearly glabrous along the thickened centre.
Pericarp glabrous, 3 or 4 lines broad.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. The specimens are too far advanced in
flower for satisfactory examination. :

5. CADABA, Forst.

Sepals 4, free, the 2 outer ones valvate in the bud. Petals 4, 2, or none,
clawed. Torus elongated, bearing at the base on one side a tubular, erect
appendage. Stamens 4 to 8, inserted on the summit of the torus. Ovary on
a long stalk within the stamens, 1-celled; placentas 2 or 4, with many
ovules in 2 rows. Stigma small, sessile. Berry cylindrical. Seeds nearly
globular ; cotyledons convolute.—Shrubs, unarmed or prickly. Leaves
simple, or in species not Australian 3-foliolate or wanting. Flowers axillary,
or in terminal racemes or corymbs.

The genus extends over Africa and tropical Asia; the only Australian species is also in
the Indian Archipelago.

1. C. capparoides, DC. Prod. i. 244. A tall shrub, the young branches,
- foliage, and inflorescence shortly pubescent. Stipulary spines small, recurve,
occasionally wanting. Leaves simple, petiolate, from ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse or the upper ones acute, 2 to 31 in. long, membranous, penninerved,
green and pubescent on both sides. Flowers in short, loose, terminal racemes.
Pedicels above 1 in. long, in the axils of small bracts. Outer sepals herba-
ceous, concave, nearly 4 in. long; inner ones smaller. Petals 4, turned
towards the side of the flower opposed to the stamens and pistil, 3 with
slender claws longer than the calyx, and ovate laminze of unequal size, but nov
exceeding 4 lines, the fourth with a shorter, broader claw, and small lamina.
Stalk-like torus longer than the calyx, with a much shorter tubular process at
the base. Stamens 5 or 6, with slender filaments. Fruit pubescent, slender,
4 or 5 in. long, on a long stalk. Seeds numerous.—Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. 5, t.
9 (incorrect as to the sepals and petals, but accurately described in the text).

N. Australia. N. coast, Herb, Mus. Par. ; Vansittart Bay, A. Cunningham. It i5
also found in Timor and Java.

IX. CAPPARIDEA. 93

6. CAPPARIS, Linn.
(Busbeckia, Endi.)

Sepals usually 4, rarely 5, free or the outer ones united in the bud into an
entire calyx, which splits irregularly as the flower expands. Petals usually 4,
imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the short torus, the filaments free,
filiform. Ovary borne on a long stalk, 1 to 4-celled, with 2 to 6 placentas
and several or many ovules ; stigma sessile. Berry stalked, globose or elon-
gated, Very rarely dehiscent. Seeds several, immersed in pulp, with a hard
or coriaceous testa and convolute embryo.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes
climbing, unarmed or prickly. Leaves simple, membranous or coriaceous ;
stipules prickly or setaceous, often only on the young or barren shoots.

A large genus, distributed over the tropical and warm regions, both of the New and the
Old World; and divisible, chiefly from remarkable differences in the calyx, into several
sections, of which two only are Australian, one, Hucapparis, comprises the greater number of
the Asiatic and African species, but is not American, the other, Busbeckia, is confined to
Australia and Norfolk Island. The Australian species of both sections are all endemie, and
many of them are remarkable for produeing slender barren shoots, with very prickly sti-
pules, and small leaves so very differently shaped from*those of the flowering-branches, that
Where we have specimens of these barren branches only, it is impossible to identify them.
Pec I. Eucapparis.—Sepals 4, rather large, imbricate in 2 series. Berry globular

ovod,
eg on slender pedicels in terminal umbels. Outer sepals equal . 1. C. wmbellata.

lowers lateral or axillary, pedicels solitary or one above the other.
One of the outer sepals larger and saccate or concave at the base.
Stamens 12 or under, Flowers small, 5$ ;
Pedicels usually 2, one over the other. Flowers very tomentose. 2. C. Jasiantha.
Pedicels 4 or 5, one above the other. Flowers slightly pubescent 3. C. quiniffora.
tamens humerous, or more than 15. e s
epals very unequal, the largest 2in. . . +s + © # © -* 4. C. nummularia.
Sepals slightly unequal, about 3 lines . . . + + + - + + 5. C. sarmentosa.

Ke II. Busbeckia.—Two outer sepals broad, very concave, completely united in
bud, and separating irregularly as the flower expands.
ves mostly ovate or oblong.
ves mostly 2 to 4 in. long. Ovary glabrous. Fruit from px
mile more pe 1 in. diameter.
ers mostly axillary, distant.
ves one Bude ovoid, acuminate, 1 in. long, almost
Se or e a ey ee v. C. ornans.
Leaves ovate or oblong. Buds globular, } in. long, coriaceous 7. C. nobilis.
Leaves ovate. Buds 4-angled es diane ew tle. cel 08. O cime.
Lea Owers in a terminal corymb or short raceme. Buds globular . y Gom.
ves mostly 1 to 14 in. long. Ovary tomentose. Fruit 2 in.

Leaves k aoc FD ae. . 10. C. Mitchelli.
anceolate or long and narrow. AA

ves obtuse at the base. Petiole very shorb 40. 66 09 0$ iH pharera
aves narrowed into a rather long petiolo 2. — 9 90 7? 12. C. um

Skerton I. Evcapparts, DC. Prod. i. 245.—8Sepals 4, rather large, im-
"cate in two series, Berry globular or ovoid.

l. C. umbellata, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 247. Shrubby, E the
young branches tomentose. Stipulary spines small, nearly straight or m
curved. Leaves from ovate to narrow-oblong, mostly 14 to 2 in., or when

91 IX. CAPPARIDER. ( Capparis.

full grown 3 in. long, at first membranous, softly pubescent or tomentose, at
length stiff and usually glabrous, on petioles of about two lines. Pedicels
slender, 6 to 9 lines long, usually 6 to 8 together in terminal umbels, sessile
above the last leaves, or sometimes on short, lateral, leafless branches. Buds
small, globular. Outer sepals thin but stiff, equal, 2 to 24 lines long, orbi-
cular, concave, slightly imbricate, glabrous, inner ones scarcely longer, much
imbricate. Petals about 3 lines long, pubescent. Stamens numerous.
Ovary glabrous, with 8 to 10 ovules to each placenta. Berry globular,
smooth, in our specimens not 1 in. diameter, on a stipes of 1 in. Seeds sepa-
rated by spurious partitions.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; barren plains of the
Fitzmaurice and Victoria rivers, F. Mueller ; Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Port Essing-
ton, Armstrong.

Queensland. Cape York, M‘Gillivray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. IA

The species is most nearly allied to the common Indian C. sepiaria, differing chiefly in its
sessile umbels and less numerous flowers.

2. C. lasiantha, R. Br. in DC. Prod.i.247. A much-branched shrub,
clothed with a soft tomentum, usually rust-coloured on the young branches
and inflorescence, afterwards paler, and sometimes disappearing on the old
leaves. Leaves from ovate to narrow-oblong or almost lanceolate, obtuse, |
to 2 in. long, rounded at the base, with a very short petiole, thickly coria-
ceous when full grown, with very oblique primary nerves. Pedicels axillary,
solitary or 2 together one above the other, much shorter than the leaves.
Outer sepals very concave and unequal, slightly imbricate, softly tomentose,
the larger one about 3 Hnes long and almost saccate.at the base ; inner sepals
and petals ovate, 4 to 5 lines long, very tomentose outside. Stamens about
12. Ovary glabrous, with 10 to 12 ovules to each placenta. Young fruit
ovoid, on a slender stipes of 1} in.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham; Victoria river, F. Mueller; Thomson
river, 4. C. Gregory. i

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown; Narran river, Mitchell ; Brisbane rivet, A.
Cunningham (from a specimen without flowers).

N.S. Wales, Tributaries of the Upper Darling river, Bowman.

3. C. quiniflora, DC. Prod. i. 247. Branches weak and flexuose, the
young ones and very young leaves rusty-tomentose, but soon becoming gla-
brous. Leaves ovate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, rounded or almos
cordate at the base, on petioles of 3 to 4 lines, rather coriaceous. Pedicels
usually under 3 in. long, 3 to 5 together, one above the other, in lateral clus-
ters along the leafless tops of the side-branches, or above the upper axils.
Outer sepals thin, slightly pubescent, unequal, the larger one saccate at the
base and about 3 lines long; inner sepals and petals longer, oval-oblong, pU
bescent. Stamens few. Fruit glabrous, globular, } to 1 in. diameter, on 8
stipes of about 1 in. Some barren shoots, with very small ovate, rhomboid,
or oblong leaves, assume a totally different aspect from the rest of the plant.

T. Australia. N. coast, Baudin. :

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; Cape York, M'Gilhwray;
Hammond Island, Torres Straits, Rayner. Also in New Caledonia.

4. C. nummularia, DC. Prod. i. 246. A low glabrous shrub, prostrate

PET Ee ee

Capparis.) IX. CAPPARIDEJE. 95

or reclining on rocks, with hard tortuous branches. Stipular spines short,
straight or recurved. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse or some-
times emarginate, with a minute point in the notch, 3 to 3 in. long, rather
thick, on petioles of 3 to 4 lines. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 in. long or
more. Outer sepals glabrous, very unequal, imbricate, the large one broadly
hood-shaped, acuminate, $ in. long, the other much narrower and, concave.
Inner sepals and petals apparently longer and glabrous, but very imperfect in
Our specimens, Stamens very numerous. Berry ovoid, succulent, fully 13 in.
long, marked with longitudinal ribs, on a stipes of. at least 13 in.—F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 143 and 244.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, Herb. Mueller.
| W. Australia. Sterile islands, Herd. Mus. Par.; Di "s Island, A. Oun-
ngham, Clifton; Abrolhos Island, Bynoe ; Murchison river, E Clifion, ‘Witz.

5. C. sarmentosa, 4. Cunn. Herb. A slender tree, supporting itself
on the branches of others, the younger branches slightly rusty-tomentose.
Stipulary spines very short and hooked. Leaves almost sessile, broadly ovate,
obovate, or orbicular, obtuse, i to } in. long or sometimes much smaller,
thin and glabrous when full grown. Flowers 1 or 2 together in the upper
axils, on pedicels of 4 to 6 lines. Outer sepals glabrous, slightly unequal,
about 3 lines long; inner sepals and petals rather longer, slightly tomentose
or pubescent. Stamens 15 or more. Berry ovoid, not large, on a slender
Stipes of about an inch.

sland. Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham, F. Mueller ; between the Mackenzie
and Archer’s rivers, Leichhardt.

Srction IT. BuspEcKIA.— Two outer sepals broad, very concave, com-
pletely united in the bud and separating irregularly as the flower expands.
Wo Inner sepals more petal-like. Berry globular or ovoid.

D C. ornans, F. Muell. Herb. A woody climber, the branches hoary
with a minute pubescence. Leaves ovate, obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed
at the base, on petioles of 2 to 1 in., glabrous on both sides. Stipulary
Spmes conical, reflexed, often wanting on the flowering branches. Pedicels
Solitary in the upper axils, 14 to 2 in. long. Flowers large and showy. Outer
sepals united into an ovoid acuminate bud of above 1 m. long, of a Wi

xture, and bursting irregularly; inner sepals orbicular, woolly inside, thic

ut petal-like. Petals (4?) obovate, more than 2 in. long. Stamens nu-
merous, about 3 in. long. Ovary glabrous. Fruit not seen.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan.

1. C. nobilis, P Muell. Herb. A small tree, either perfectly glabrous
or the young shoots and the under side of the leaves slightly covered with a
close minute pubescence. Stipulary prickles short and conical, seldom seen
se the flowering-branches. Leaves oval-oblong or oblong, acute, shortly acu-
mamate or obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, coriaceous and often shining above, on "e
lioles of 3 to 6 lines. Pedicels solitary in the upper axils or very rare d
together, about 1 in. long. Buds globular, about j m. oe ng 4
slightly emarginate at the top, showing the tips of the 2 outer sepa s, * a
are perfectly united into a coriaceous calyx bursting or splitting irregularly ;

96 IX. CAPPARIDEJ. [ Capparis.

inner sepals broadly ovate, $ in. long, firm in the centre, thin on the edges.
Petals 4, white, larger and thinner than the sepals, pubescent inside. Stamens
very numerous. Fruit globular, about 1 in. diameter, with a small protu-
berance at the top, the stipes 4 in. to nearly 2 in. long. Seeds numerous,
embedded in a hard almost woody pulp.—Busbeckia nobilis, Endl. Prod. Fl.
Norf. 64 ;. Busbeckia arborea, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 163.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham ; Brisbane and Fitzroy rivers,
F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Hastings aud Clarence rivers, Bechler and others.

Var. pubescens, petioles shorter, leaves more pubescent underneath, fruit scarcely umbo-
nate, Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham. -

The same species is also found in Norfolk Island.

8. C. canescens, Banks in DC. Prod. i. 246. Habit and foliage so
nearly that of C. nobilis that some specimens without the buds are difficult to
distinguish from it, but in general they are of a paler more glaucous green,
either minutely pubescent or glabrous. Stipulary prickles subulate, wanting
on the flowering branches. Leaves as in C. nobilis, or more frequently broader
and more obtuse, mostly 13 to 2 in. long, those of the barren shoots some-
times broadly ovate-cordate with a prickly point. Pedicels solitary or 2 to-
gether in the upper axils or terminal, l to 2 in. long. Buds tomentose,
larger than in C. nobilis, and prominently 4-angled. Flowers, of which I
have only seen fragments, apparently like those of C. nobilis. Fruit (not yet
ripe) as in C. nobilis, but on a longer stipes.

land. Bay of Inlets, Banks ; Northumberland islands and Keppel Bay, A.
Brown ; Burdekin and Lynd rivers, F. Mueller.

Var. glauca. Leaves 3 to 4 in. long, very thick and glaucous. Between the Flinders

and Lynd rivers, F. Mueller.

9. C. lucida, R. Br. Herb. A shrub, very nearly allied to C. nobilis,
but more often pubescent. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely
4 in. long, coriaceous and shining when old, but often thinner than in C. ag:
bilis and more reticulate. Flowers white, rather smaller than in C. nobilis,
and usually several together in a terminal cluster or short raceme, the outer
ones in the axils of the uppermost leaves. Buds globular, on pedicels of
about lin. Fruit globular, like that of C. nobilis.—Thylacium lucidum, DC.
Prod. i. 254 ; Busbeckia corymbifora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 163.

P Australia. N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham; Booby islands, Torres Straits, Herb.
anas.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; islands of Howitt’s group
and on the Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Howitt’s isles, Hope islets, and Port Molle, At Gil-
livray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

10. C. Mitchelli, Lind’. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 815. A much-
branched shrub, more or less clothed with a minute yellowish or whitish to-
mentum, sometimes soft and dense, sometimes disappearing on the older
leaves. Stipular prickles short, somewhat hooked, often wanting on the
flowering branches. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1} in. long, narrowe
into a petiole of 2 to 3 lines, coriaceous and rather thick, obscurely vemec-
Pedicels few, axillary, 1 to 14 in. long, thickened upwards. Buds ovoid-
globular, usually acuminate, nearly 4 in. long. Outer calyx thick, opening

Yap

Capparis.] IX. CAPPARIDE.E, SE:

irregularly or sometimes into 2 valvate concave sepals. Inner sepals 4 to 8
lines long, more or less pubescent, especially at the base, thin and glabrous
ou the edges. Petals similar, but larger. Ovary tomentose, on a long nearly
glabrous stipes. Berry globular, 2 in. diameter when ripe. Seeds 4 to 5
lines long, imbedded in a hard dry pulp.—Busbeckia Mitchelli, F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 53, t. suppl. 4. .

N. Australia. Plains of Promise, F. Mueller.

Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell; Burdekin river, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham; plains of the Bogan, Mitchell ;
Upper Darling river, F. Mueller,

Victoria. Mallee scrub, near Eustone Cole, F. Mueller.

Meanie From Lake Torrens and Mount Murchison to Cooper’s Creek, F.
ueller.

ll. C. loranthifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Aust. 220. A scrubby
bush, with more or less tomentose branches. Leaves from oblong-linear to
broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 14 to 24 in. long, obtuse at the base, on
a petiole of 1 or rarely 2 lines, coriaceous and at length glabrous. Pedicels
m the upper axils about 1 in. long, thickened upwards. Buds ovoid, scarcely
acuminate, the outer calyx not so thick as in the other species of the section
Busbeckia . Inner sepals larger, thickened in the centre. Petals longer
thinner, villous inside, Stamens numerous. Ovary glabrous.

Queensland, Scrub, near Mount Faraday, Mitchell. ;
: S. Wales. Between Darling river and Cooper’s Creek, Neilson.

12. C. umbonata, Lindi. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 257. A shrub, with
tomentose branches like the last, but the leaves usually much longer, often 7
to 8 in. long, and rarely under 3 in., always lanceolate and narrowed into a
rather long petiole. Pedicels axillary, thickened upwards, 1 to 1} in. long.
Buds ovoid; the outer calyx very thick and coriaceous. Petals as in C. Mit-
chelli. Fruit apparently small, glabrous, not always marked with the terminal
protuberance which suggested the specific name ; the stipes very long.

N. Australia. Victoria river and dry ridges towards Fitzmaurice river, F. Mueller :

Depuch Island, Bynoe.

d. i do, Mitchell; Dawson river, Herb.
F. Mueller. Brigalow serub, on the Belyan

7. APOPHYLLUM, F. Muell.

Flowers dicecious. Sepals 3 or 4, imbricate, 2 outside the others. Petals

or 4, sessile, imbricate. Male fl. : Stamens 8 to 16, inserted on the short

torus with filiform filaments. Ovary none. Female fl.: Stamens none, or

ES l to 3. Ovary stipitate with a sessile stigma; ovules 1 or 2, attached

the sides of the cavity above the middle, Berry shortly stipitate. Seeds

or 2, with a smooth testa and involute cotyledons,—Leaves very few, small,
alternate.

SCH one is limited;to the following species, and differs from Capparis only in its diœ-

ers and the usually solitary ovule.
l. A. anomalum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 307. A shrub or
» almost leafless, with cylindrical, often pendulous branches, silky-white

a fel ig, but soon becoming glabrous. Leaves on the young — few,
«A. À

. 98 IX. CAPPARIDEZ. [ Apophyllum,

linear or linear-acute, 2 to 3 lines long and very deciduous, or rarely above $
in. long and more persistent. Flowers small, fragrant, either growing singly
along the young shoots or in short lateral racemes or clusters. Petals 1 to 13
lines long. Sepals rather more than 1 line long, pubescent. Petals unequal,
as long as or longer than the sepals, pubescent inside at the base. Fruit
nearly globular, the size of a small pea.

N. Australia. Brigalow scrub, on the Burdekin, F, Mueller ; Cooper's river, A.C.
Gregory.

Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell.

Orver X. VIOLARIEZ.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate,
equal or unequal, with the lower one larger, or spurred or otherwise dissimilar.
Stamens 5, hypogynous or nearly so, the anthers erect and connivent, or con-
nate round the pistil, sessile or on short filaments, the connective often very
broad, with the anther-cells opening inwards. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled,
with usually 3 parietal placentas, and several or rarely only 1 or 2 anatropous
ovules to each placenta. Style usually simple, often thickened or curved at
the top. Fruit a capsule, opening in as many valves as placentas, or rarely an
indehiseent berry. Seeds with a fleshy albumen ; embryo axile, usually straight,
the cotyledons usually broad and flat, the radicle next the hilum.—Herbs or
shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, simple, and rarely lobed or cut, with
lateral stipules. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in cymes or panicles, very
rarely in racemes, Pedicels usually with 2 bracteoles. Capsules often open-
ing elastically.

An Order generally dispersed over the globe, Of the three Australian genera, two have a
very wide geographical range, the third extends from Australia to New Zealand,

Herbs or undershrubs, with very irregular flowers. Fruit capsular.
Sepals produced into a small appendage, or at least a protuberance

below their insertion. Lower petal spurred or saccate . . . 1. VIOLA.
Sepals not produced at the base. Lower petal saccate or gibbous
Re RON EE E oy, E en a oo en
Shrubs with small regular flowers. Fruit a berry . . . . . . 8, HYMENANTHERA.

(The widely-spread tropical genus A/sodeia has not yet been detected in Australia.)

1. VIOLA, Linn.

Sepals produced into a small appendage or protuberance below the insertion.
Petals spreading, the lowest usually larger, spurred or saccate at the base.
Anthers nearly sessile, the connectives flat, produced into a membranous ap-
pendage beyond the cells, those of the 2 lower anthers usually bearing a KE
dorsal reflexed protuberance or spur. Style variously thickened or dilated a
the top, straight with a terminal stigma, or incurved with the stigma 1n front.
Capsule opening elastically in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid-globular with a crusta-
ceous testa.—Herbs, with the stipules usually foliaceous and persistent. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1-flowered. Most species, besides the perfect flowers, produce
later in the season small apetalous, but very prolific flowers.

Fiola.] X. VIOLARIER, 99

A very large genus, most of the species natives of the temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, or of the high mountains of South America, with a very few dispersed over
Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The Australian species are either quite endemie or ex-
tend only to Norfolk Island and New Zealand. They are all perennials.

Stemless, with a tufted or creeping rhizome.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong, or scarcely ovate. No stolons. Sti-
UDS adnate, cy os sei azia EE SÉ TTT
` Leaves nearly orbicular?
Stolons creeping. Spur reduced to a slight protuberance. Sti-

pules free $3. 44. EE 9. V. hederacea. ss

No stolons. Spur prominent. Stipuies adnate . . . . . 8. V. Cunninghamii.

owering-stems elongated. Leaves broad. : oe

Leaves scarcely cordate. Stipules adnate. . . . . . . . 8. V. Cunninghamii.
Leaves deeply cordate. Stipules free . . . se . s e "e V. Caleyana.

Lh Ww. betoniczfolia, Sm.; DC. Prod. i. 994. Glabrous or pubescent,
stemless, and without stolons, and often tufted, the stock either ending under-
neath abruptly, with thick spreading fibres, or tapering into a horizontal or
descending root. Leaves radical, from lanceolate to oblong or nearly ovate,
mostly obtuse, and 1 to li in. long, entire or slightly crenate, truncate or
slightly cordate, rarely narrowed at the base, with the long petiole usually
dilated at the top. Stipules linear, adnate to the petiole. Scapes of the
perfect flowers usually considerably longer than the leaves, with the subulate
bracts below the middle. Flowers violet, rather large. Sepals lanceolate,
acute, 22 to nearly 3 lines long, with short blunt basal appendages. Lateral
petals usually copiously bearded inside, the upper ones less so, the lowest not
at all; spur broad and obtuse, much shorter than the sepals. Style thick-
ened upwards, concave at the top, not winged. Apetalous flowers on very
short scapes.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 27; F., Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 64; V. phy-
teumefolia and V. longiscapa, DC. in Herb. Lamb., from the char. in G. Don,
Gen, Syst. i. 329, :

Queensland. Mitchel! ; n ar Brisbane, F. Mueller.

s. B. Wales. Port (E Leen R. Ch Sieber, n. 180, and others; northward at
interior t =e ed rivers, Beckler ; southward to prong Bay, F. Mueller ; and in the
sid e Lachlan river, 4. Cunningham, Fraser, ete. à

wiir. Port Phillip, R. Brei: grassy moist ridges, sparingly scattered over the
Southern and eastern parts of the colony, F. Mueller.

g mania Common in moist good soils throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

Re Australia. Near Rivoli Bay and in the Bugle ranges, but rare, F. Mueller. yi
tri “ceived also from Norfolk Island, Backhouse, and the species is nearly allied to V. Pa-
iff Dich is common in India, eastern Siberia, and China, and only appears to

Sinz, betonicefolia iu the rather longer spur and the style usually broadly winged.

2. V. hederacea, Labill, Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 66, t. 91. Glabrous or
pubescent, densely tufted or widely creeping by its numerous stolons, very
rarely emitting weak leafy stems. Leaves reniform, orbicular, or spathulate,
usually under 1 in. diameter, but when very luxuriant, 1 to 1j in., entire or
dun, and sometimes coarsely toothed. Stipules free, brown, lanceolate-
s Ulate. Scapes usually longer than the leaves, the bracts about the middle.

wers usually small, blue, rarely white, but sometimes fully Z in. broad.

s lanceolate, with only a slight protuberance below their insertion. Petals

glabrous, or the lateral ones slightly pubescent inside, the spur of E lower
H

100 X. VIOLARIEJF. ( Viola.

one reduced to a slight concavity. Lower anthers with a very slight dorsal pro-
tuberance. Style bent at the base, the upper part cylindrical, truncate at the
top, but not thickened. Seeds usually dark-coloured, but sometimes white.
—DC. Prod. i. 305 ; Hook. Exot. Fl. iii. t. 225 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t.
110; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 26; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 65; V. Sieberiana,
Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 96; Zrpetion reniforme, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ii.
t. 170 ; E. hederaceum, E. petiolare, and E. spathulatum, G. Don, Gen. Syst.
i. 335.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Fitzalan.

N. S. Wales. Frequent about Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 426, and others;
northward to Clarence river, Beckler ; and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Dispersed over the whole colony, except the N.W., in sandy moist heathy
soil, along rivulets and in buggy places up to 7000 ft. elevation, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Throughout the island, very common, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Rare, near Mount Barker, on the Onkaparinga, in the Barossa ranges,
and near Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller,

3. V. Cunninghamii, Mook. f. Fl. N. Zl. i. 16. Glabrous, stemless,
or rarely with weak elongated stems, the stock tufted with an underground
creeping rhizome. Stipules adnate to the petiole, with a short free lanceolate-
subulate point. Leaves very broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, truncate oF
slightly and broadly cordate at the base, mostly under 3 in. diameter, slightly
crenate. Peduncles of the perfect flowers longer than the leaves, the small
bracts below the middle. Flowers rather small, pale violet. Sepals oblong-
lanceolate. Lateral petals obscurely bearded; spur short and obtuse, yet
much more prominent than in V. hederacea. Spurs of the lower anthers
short and obtuse. Style club-shaped, emarginate at the top.— Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. ii. 357.

Tasmania. In the Western Mountains, by rivulets on Cuming’s Head, Archer. Also
in New Zealand.

4. V. Caleyana, G. Don, Gen. Syst.i. 329. Usually glabrous. Stems
weak, decumbent or half erect, from a few inches to nearly a foot long. an
ovate or nearly orbicular, very deeply cordate, from 4 to 1$ in. long, or =
very luxuriant, larger and broadly triangular, often obscurely crenate. j
pules oblong or lanceolate, leafy, free from the petiole. Peduncles of the ds
fect flowers usually longer than the leaves, with the bracts about the middle.
Flowers rather small, white. Sepals lanceolate. Petals glabrous or the late
ones slightly bearded, the spur very short and broad. Anther-spurs very
short. Style almost as in 7. biflora, thickened upwards, concave at the top,
truncate or emarginate at the back, and open in front.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
ii. 357; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 64.

i N. S. Wales. Nepean river, R. Brown ; near Marshall’s Mount, Illawarra, Back-
ouse.

Victoria. Banks of rivulets subject to inundation, near springs, and in wet forest
gullies, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Deloraine, Archer. S

Peculiar to Australia, but very nearly allied to the European and Asiatic V. biflora, Linn.
(F. reniformis, Wall.), which has more reniform leaves and yellow flowers.

ew

T" eee oo

' Petals, saccate at the base, the lamina broadly ovate and lo

X. VIOLARIEJE. 101

2. IONIDIUM, Vent.
(Pigea, DC.)

` Sepals not produced at the base. Petals spreading, the lowest sometimes
slightly larger than the others, more frequently very much larger, with a broad
claw, gibbous or saccate at the base. Anthers nearly sessile, or on distinet
filaments, the connectives flat, produced into a membranous appendage be-
yond the cells, those of the 2 lower ones bearing a dorsal reflexed protu-
berance, spur, or gland, the 2 rarely united into one. Style thickened and
Incurved at the top, with the stigma in front. Capsule opening elastically
in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid-globular, with a crustaceous testa.— Herbs or small
shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, usually narrow. Stipules small
and narrow. Peduncles axillary or in a terminal raceme, l- or several-
flowered.

A considerable genus, chiefly tropical, and the greater number of species
Merican ; four or five are found in tropical Asia and Africa, and one of
these occurs in Australia, the others here enumerated are all endemic.

Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, or very rarely here and there 2-flowered.
wer petal more than twice as long as the calyx.
Leaves entire, or rarely toothed, Appendages of the lower filaments

nearly glabrous. Seeds striate . . . . . + + + + vl Z suffruticosum,

ves toothed. Appendages of the lower filaments woolly-hairy. :

wigs oh Lu Loo vn uo ee Oe ree: a aurantiacum.
Lower petal not half as long again as the calyx . 8. I. brevilabre.

Peduneles 1-flowered in the upper axils, the upper ones longer than the
P nia and forming a terminal leafy raceme . . . - + + +
s mostly 2- to 4-flowered, not longer than the leaves. Lower
eet, ee ao EE ee bene
Peduncles slender, much longer than the leaves, with a leafless raceme
of 2 or more flowers,
gai ef iae : DM. Send Lowe md = T 4
ves all alternate, long as or longer than the
de suffruticosum, Ging. in DC. Prod. i. 911. Much-branched, gla-
brous or very slightly pubescent, and usually from 1 to 13 ft. high, and more
or less woody at the base. Leaves alternate, narrow-linear, or rarely linear-
cong Or lanceolate, entire or rarely toothed, mostly 1 to 2 in. Jong, ` Pe-
m axillary, filiform, 1-flowered, 2 to 4 lines long, with a pair of minute
racts under ihe pedicel. Sepals lahceolate, very acute, with a very promi-
nent green midrib, 12 to 2 lines long. Lateral petals rather longer than the
YX, with a broad ovate-faleate base, and a small, ciliate, obtuse extremity,
DM expanded into a small lamina ; upper petals smaller ; ra om
me rarely yellow, about 4 in. long, the claw longer bail xi 2 : d

“aw. Filaments at least half as long as the anthers, the 2 lower ones with

a thi à : : : hair. Seeds
ick spur, either quite glabrous or with a minute nu ge Tanter,

elegantly marked with longitudinal striæ.—Wight, Ic. t. 30
ana, DC, Prod. i. 807.

5. I. Vernonit.

I. filiforme,

7. I. calycinum.

E

102 X. VIOLARIEJE. [ Zonidium.

W. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, 2. Brown ; Dampier’s Archipelago, A. Cunning- `
ham ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Arnhem's Land to lat. 32^ on the E. coast, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Brisbane river, etc., Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Fitzalan; Rock-
hampton, Tozet; Port Denison, Fitzalan. :

N.S. Wales. Clarence and Hastings rivers, Bechler. SE GER

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa, The above description 1s taken
from Australian specimens ; in the majority of Indian and African ones the leaves are broader
and the lower petal smaller. The flowers are almost always purple, but some specimens of
Cunningham’s and Brown’s, said to have yellow flowers, have the seeds and foliage of
T. suffruticosum, rather than of T, aurantiacum,

2. I. aurantiacum, F. Muell. Herb. Pubescent with short spreading
hairs or rarely glabrous, often woody at the base, branched, 6 in. to 1 ft. high
or rather more, Leaves linear or oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1j in. long, bor-
dered with small, distant, acute teeth. Flowers axillary, on peduncles of 3 to
4 lines, as in Z. suffruticosum, and nearly similar in structure, but the lower
petal is smaller and always yellow, the broad lamina usually shorter than the.
long narrow claw, which is scarcely saccate at the base, and the appendages
of the filaments of the lower stamens are covered with long woolly hairs.
Seeds, in the few capsules I have seen, smooth and not striate.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham, Bynoe; Victoria river, F. Mueller.

The distinction between this species and J. suffruticosum may require revision when

more abundant specimens in flower and seed are obtained, and the relation of the differences
of the seeds to the other characters more correctly ascertained.

3. I. brevilabre, Benth. A glabrous perennial with a woody rhizome.
Stems erect, divaricately branched, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, with few small leaves,
or in some specimens numerous, nearly simple, about, 6 in. high, with more
crowded and longer leaves, sometimes 1 in. long, always linear and entire,
obtuse, or with a recurved point. ` Peduncles axillary, slender, 1- or rarely 2-
flowered, shorter than the leaves, with a pair of small narrow bracts under
the short recurved pedicels. Flowers small (blue ?). Sepals narrow-ovate,
acute, rather more than 1 line long, Lateral petals about the same length,
very obtuse; lowest petal rather longer, the lamina broadly rhomboid, much
shorter than the claw, which is broad, concave, with a short obtuse spur at
the base. Stamens with the terminal appendage longer than the cells, an
the 2 lower filaments distinctly spurred.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., and n. 665 of a subsequent one.

aban petia that further specimens may prove this to be a remarkable variety of I. flori-
ndum. `

. 4. I. floribundum, Walp. Rep. ii. 767. A glabrous perennial, with
the habit of some European species of Thesium, forming sometimes a thick
woody rhizome, the stems erect, often much branched and rigid. Leaves a
alternate, rather crowded, linear or lanceolate-linear, mostly with a short re-
curved point, > to 1 in. or rarely 12 in. long, entire. Peduncles axillary,
usually once or twice forked, each branch bearing 1 or 2 small violet, blue, or
white flowers, on pedicels of about a line, the whole forming little cymes :
rarely exceeding the leaves, the lower peduncles sometimes 1-flowered, but
always with several pairs of small bracts. Sepals ovate, 1 to nearly 2 lines
long. Lateral petals about the same length, very obtuse ; lowest petal not
twice as long, the lamina broad, the short claw distinctly spurred. Two

|
f
|
|
i

Lonidium:] X. VIOLARIEA. ` 105

lower stamens shortly spurred at the base. —F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i, 68, t. suppl. 8;
Pigea Jloribunda, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 165 ; T. australasie, Behr.
in Linnea, xx. 629; J, multiflorum, Turcz. in Bull, Mose. 1854, ii. 340.

N. S. Wales. Eurylean scrub, A. Cunningham.
Victoria. Barren ridges and low stony aud rocky ranges in the vicinity of the Murray

-Tiver and its lower tributaries, F. Mueller; towards the Australian Pyrenees, Mitchell.

s. Australia. Not rare through the scrubby lowlatds and mountain tracts from
Guichen Bay to Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller, and others.

W. Australia. South coast ?, Drummond, supplement to 5th Coll. n. 72, Harvey.

5. I. Vernonii, P Muell. Pl. Vict.i. 223. Glabrous, with erect, slen-
der, but stiff stems, little branched, except at the base, and usually about 1
ft. high, as in 7. Jjiliforme, but the branches more angular. Leaves all alter-
nate, linear or narrow-lanceolate, rarely above 1 in: long, and the upper ones
much smaller and very narrow. Peduncles 1-flowered, as in Z. suffruticosum,
but only in the upper axils, and the upper ones longer than the small floral
leaves, so as to form a terminal leafy raceme. Flowers blue, very much like
those of J. filiforme, the lower petal of the same shape and size, except that
the claw is distinctly spurred at the base, and the lateral petals are more
obtuse than in that species ; stamens the same, except that the subulate ap-
pendages at the top of the anther-cells are still more minute.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, Anderson, W. Vernon, Woolls. In the interior ?, Leich-

hardt ; Twotold Bay, F, Mueller. ;

Victoria. Barren plains and ridges near the Genoa river, F. Mueller. Specimens of
this species are included by De Candolle amongst those named by him Pigea filiformis ; the
two species are often mixed on the same sheet in the Paris and other Herbaria.

6. I. filiforme, P Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 66. A perfectly glabrous herb,
said by some collectors to be annual, but certainly in many instances forming
à perennial rootstock. Stems slender, but stiff and wiry, simple or branched,
usually 1 to 2 ft, high, but when eaten down, sending up numerous short
erect branches. Leaves alternate or the upper ones opposite, narrow-linear,
mostly 1 to 2 in. long, entire, the lowest ones shorter, broader, and petiolate.
Flowers blue, in slender leafless racemes, on terminal or axillary peduncles,
always much longer than the leaves, the pedicels under a line long. Sepals
shorter than the lateral petals, lanceolate, acute. Lower petal usually
fully iin. long, ovate, narrowed into a concave claw, saccate at the base,

ui varying considerably in size and breadth; lateral petals broadly
aleate, acute, about 9 lines long; upper ones smaller. Anthers with an
Orange ovate appendage at the top of the connective, and two minute subu-
late appendages on the cells themselves ; the 2 lowest have also a small glan-
dular protuberance on the back at their base.—Pigea filiformis, DC. Prod.

1. 907; I. linarioides, Presl, Bot. Bm. 12.
Fraser ; Glasshouse ridges, F. Mueller,

Queensland. Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham
N.S. Wales. Common SH Port Jackson, R. Brown and others, avr gee pa
ad England, ascending to 5000 ft., and Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler, an
Ward to the limits of the colony. 3 z TE
Iu. Dry, grassy, Se scrubby ridges near the Avon and Mitchell rivers in Gipps
ud, P. Mueller. — ee i
T. monopetalum, Rem. and Schult. Syst. i. 400 (Pigea monopetala, Ging. in aea
307 ; Solea monopetala, Spreng. Syst. i. 804), described from a single specimen 0
origin, in Roemer Herbarium, can only refer to the present species.

-

104 X. VIOLARIEJX. [Jonidiwm.

1. I. calycinum, S/eud.; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 224. A glabrous per-
.ennial with the habit, narrow-linear leaves and racemose flowers on long
leafless peduncles, of Z. filiforme, but the leaves are usually all alternate,
the sepals Jarger, ovate, with a short point, very thin and scarious on the
edges, usually fuily 2 and often 3 lines long. - Lower petal fully as large as in
I. filiforme, and of the same shape, except that the spur at the base is more
prominent ; the lateral petals scarcely exceed the calyx and are very obtuse,
the upper ones rather shorter. The protuberances at the base of the
lower anthers are more prominent than in J. filiforme, broad and very ob-
tuse, and the subulate tips to the cells are very minute or wholly wanting.—
Pigea calycina, DC. Prod. i. 307; Solea calycina, Spreng. Syst. i. 804;
Pigea glauca, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 5; Lonidinm glaucum, Steud. ; F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 67; Vlamingia australasica, Vriese, in Pl. Preiss. i. 399,
as corrected, ii. 242.

W. Australia. Swan River, Hueyel, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1449 and others;
Murchison river, Oldfield. As

3. HYMENANTHERA, R. Br.

Sepals nearly equal. Petals nearly equal, short. Anthers almost sessile,
united in a tube round the pistil, the connectives all terminating in a mem-
brane, and bearing on their backs an erect scale. Placentas of the ovary 2
or rarely 3, each bearing 1 ovule. Style short, with a 2- or rarely 3-lobed
stigma. Berry globular, small. Seeds 1 or 2, nearly globular. Cotyledons
narrow.—Rigid shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often clustered,
small, entire or toothed, without stipules. Flowers small, axillary, frequently
polygamous.

A small genus which, besides the following species, comprises one from Norfolk Tsland,
and another from New Zealand.

1. H. dentata, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 315. A glabrous, rigid, much
branched shrub, often attaining many feet in height, but low and scrubby 1n
alpine situations, the side branches often converted into strong thorns.
Leaves from oblong-elliptieal to linear, obtuse or acute, usually $ to 14 m.
long, and marked with a few irregular distant teeth, coriaceous, sessile or
narrowed into a short petiole; on some luxuriant barren shoots they be-
come much larger, membranous, and deeply toothed or lobed. Pedicels soli-
tary or 2 together, about 1 line long, with a pair of minute bracts. Sepals
orbicular. Petals about 2 lines long, the erect portion twice as long as the
sepals, the obtuse tips spreading or reflexed. Connective of the anthers
with a fringed terminal membrane, involute on the edges, the dorsal scale
linear, acute, as long as the cells. Female flowers in the normal form pedi-
cellate as well as the males, but smaller, with smaller, usually imperfect an-
thers. Stigma occasionally 3-lobed, with 3 ovules, although usually 2 only.
Berry of a purplish colour, the size of a pea.—Bot. Mag. t. 3163; H.
Banksii, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 69.

N. S. Wales, R. Brown and others; Wollondilly and Cox’s rivers, A. Cunningham ;
New England, F, Mueller.

Victoria. Shady banks of rivers, creeks, and rivulets, and fissures of rocks to the
highest summits of the Australian Alps, F. Mueller,

—

Hymenanthera.] X. VIOLARIEA. 105

Var. angustifolia, Leaves quite entire, linear-oblong or linear-cuneate, obtuse, and not
more than 1 in. long. Flowers almost sessile, the dorsal scale of the anthers broadly ob-
Svate. In all the flowers I have examined, both the anthers and the style appear to be per-
fect.— H. angustifolia, R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 315 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 27.

Tasmania. Northern parts of the island. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; Launceston
and summits of the Western Mountains to 3000-4000 ft., Arthur’s Lakes, and Vale of Belvoir,
Gunn, J. D. Hooker. From the examination of numerous specimens, wild as well as culti-
vated, I had retained this form as a distinct species ; but as F. Mueller assures me that in.
cultivation it passes into the normal form, I have followed him in uniting it with H. dentata
as a variety only.

Order XI. BIXINEJZE.

Flowers regular. ` Sepals 2 to 6, usually 4 or 5 and imbricate. Petals
either none, or as many as the sepals, or indefinite, imbricate or contorted in
the bud, deciduous. ‘Stamens hypogynous or slightly perigynous, indefi-
nite or very rarely definite. Anthers 2-celled, opening by longitudinal slits or
rarely by terminal pores. Torus often bearing glands or a glandular disk.
Ovary free, usually 1-celled, with 3 or more, rarely 2 or 1, parietal placentas.
Styles or stigmas as many as placentas, free or united. Ovules 2 or more to
each placenta, amphitropous or anatropous. Fruit succulent or dry, opening
In valves, bearing the placentas in the middle, or indehiscent. Seeds usually
few, with a copious and fleshy or rarely thin albumen. Embryo in the axis,
straight or curved, the radicle next the hilum, the cotyledons usually broad.
—Trees or shrubs, in one genus twiners. Leaves alternate, simple, and often
toothed, or rarely palmately lobed or divided. Flowers axillary or terminal,
solitary or in clusters, corymbs, racemes, or panicles.

A considerable Order, dispersed over the tropical or warm regions both of the old and the
new world. Of the Australian genera, three are common to Asia and Africa, two of the
three being also American. The species, however, are all endemic, as is also the fourth ano-
malous genus,

Anthers long, opening in terminal pores. Seeds curved. Trees
or shrubs. Leaves digitate. Flowers large «Assis
Anthers small, opening longitudinally. Seeds straight. Trees or
Shrubs. Leaves simple. Flowers small.
Sepals 4 to 6. Petals as many. Anthers with an appendage
Sepals 4 to 6. Petals none. — Anthers without auy appendage
Authers long, opening longitudinally. Embryo very small.
Stem twining. Leaves simple Meis E

1. CocHLOSPERMUM.

9. ScoroPia.
3. XYLOSMA.

4. STREPTOTHAMNUS.

1. COCHLOSPERMUM, Kunth.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, large.
Stamens numerous, Anthers oblong or linear, opening in terminal pores or
very short fissures. Placentas 3 to 5, projecting more or less into a dh ve
of the ovary, with numerous ovules. Style simple. Capsule 3- to voee ,
the membranous endocarp separating from the pericarp. Seeds ` idney-
shaped or spirally curved, covered with wool or bordered by Ge eg
Trees, shrubs, or rarely undershrubs, usually yielding a yellow juice. suem
palmately lobed or divided. —Racemes loose, few-flowered, in the upper axils

or in'terminal panicles. Flowers large, yellow.

106 XI. BIXINE®. [ Cochlospermum.

Besides the four following species, peculiar to Australia, there is 1 known from Southern
India, 2 from Africa, and about 5 from South America.

LJ

Calyx and inflorescence densely tomentose . . . . . . . . . L C. Fraseri.
Calyx and inflorescence glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent.
Leaves tomentose, with short, rounded, obtuse lobes . . . . . 2. C.Aeteroneurum.

Leaves glabrous, with deep ovate-lanceolate or oblong lobes . . . 8. C. Gillivrat.
Leaves glabrous, divided to the base into narrow-oblong, pedate
segments . 4. C. Gregorii.

1. C. Fraseri, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 307. Branches gla-
brous. Leaves unknown. Flowers large, the racemes short, in a loose co-
rymbose panicle, the branches tomentose. Pedicels about 4 in. long, densely
tomentose-pubescent. Sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, tomentose within
and without, unequal, the inner larger ones about 2 in. long. Anthers about
1} lines long. x

N. Australia. Melville Island, Fraser.

In the absence of the leaves it would have been impossible to distinguish this species from

the East Indian C. gossypium, but that the anthers are considerably shorter, which may lead
one to suppose there may be other differences,

2. C. heteroneurum, F. Muell. Herb. Young branches pubescent.
Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate at the base, attaining 4 or 5 in. diameter,
shortly divided into 5 to 9 broad, rounded, very obtuse, and erenate lobes,
tomentose-pubescent when young, nearly glabrous except the principal
nerves when old, on petioles of 2 to 3 in. Panicle loose and many-flowered,
glabrous, except a slight glandular pubescence on the pedicels and at the base
of the calyx. Flowers not so large as in C. Fraseri, on pedicels not ex-
ceeding 4 in., but lengthening to 1 in. after flowering. Sepals very unequal,
quite glabrous, except at the base, with very thin edges, the inner ones about
4 in. long and very broad. Anthers as in C. Fraseri. Ovules exceedingly
numerous, on 5 parietal placentas partially projecting into the cavity of the
ovary. Young capsule slightly tomentose.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller, Wickham.

3. C. Gillivreei, Benth. The specimens are perfectly glabrous, except
a very slight pubescence on the branches of the panicle and pedicels.
Leaves palmately divided to within 4 or 4 in. of tlfe base, into 5 or 7 ovate-
lanceolate or oblong-acuminate slightly toothed lobes, of which the central
largest ones are usually 2 to 3 in. long, the 2 outermost short and very acumi-
nate. Panicles short and loose.. Flowers as in C. heteroneurum, or the se-

pals rather larger. Capsule obovoid-oblong, rarely 3 in. long, truncate at `

the top, and very much depressed in the centre. Seeds enveloped in a very
deciduous wool.

Hate Per Seite GE off the N.E. coast, M'Gillivray; Burdekin river, P.

4. C. Gregorii, F. Muell. Fragm.i.71. A small tree, quite glabrous,
except a very slight glandular pubescence on the branches of the inflorescence
and pedicels. Leaves pedately divided to the base into about 7 narrow -lan-
ceolate entire segments, the central ones 2 to 3 in. long, the common petiole
3 to 6 in. Panicles apparently short and not much divided, or reduced to a
single raceme. Pedicels about 4 in. long. Sepals and petals as in the last

Cochlospermum.} XI. BIXINEJE. 107

-2 species. Style filiform, slightly thickened towards the top. Outer sta-

mens, as in all the other species, on longer filaments than the inner ones, but
the difference is rather more decided in this species. Placentas 5. Fruit
not seen.

N. Australia. Rocky barren hills in the S.E. part of Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller.
The fruit described by F, Mueller from Burdekin specimens appears to belong to the C Gil-
livræi, which has a very different foliage.

2. SCOLOPIA, Schreb.
(Phoberos, Lour.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 to 6, slightly imbrieate when very
young, but open long before flowering. Petals as many and nearly similar.
Stamens indefinite, inserted on the thickened torus, with or without glands.
Anthers short, the connective terminating in a thick process. Ovary with 3
or 4 placentas and few ovules. Style filiform, with an entire or lobed stigma.
Fruit a berry. Seeds 2 to 4, with a hard testa. Cotyledons leafy.—Trees
often armed with axillary spines. Leaves simple, with pinnate veins, entire
or toothed. Flowers small, in axillary racemes.

. The genus is dispersed over southern and eastern Africa aud tropical Asia, The Austra-
an species is endemic. 3

l. S. Brownii, P. Muell, Fragm. iii. 11. Perfectly glabrous in all its
parts. Leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, obtuse or
almost acute, rarely rounded at the top, 14 to 3 in. long, always narrowed
mto a petiole of 3 to 4 lines, entire or slightly undulate-toothed, rather thick
and smooth, obscurely triplinerved, but all the veins less conspicuous than in
most species, either without glands or with 2 or 3 marginal glands under-
neath. Racemes short and axillary or forming a terminal panicle of 1 to 2
m. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines. Calyx 4-cleft, smaller than in 8. crenata, appa-
rently persistent. Petals 4, rather longer than the calyx, deciduous. Sta-
mens numerous, with slender filaments, surrounded by a ring of glands, either
distinct and shortly club-shaped or irregularly connate. Anthers small, the
Process of the connective glabrous and usually as long as the cells. Pla-
centas 3, with about 4 ovules to each. Stigma slightly 3-lobed.

Queensland. Cape York, M*Gillivray. ]
ie S. Wales. Gs River, A. W Scott ; Clarence river, Wilcox ; Mawara, Herb.
ueller.

This species has much the foliage of some forms of the Indian C. crenata, but is readily
known by the glands of the disk.

3. XYLOSMA, Forst.

Flowers diccious. Sepals 4 or 5, small, imbricate. Petals none. Male
fl. : Stamens indefinite, often surrounded by a glandular disk ; anthers 3
without appendage. Female fl.: Ovary inserted on an annular disk, i de
or rarely more placentas, and 2 or few ovules to each; style erg? vireg
vided, with dilated stigmas, or rarely stigma sessile. Berry sm de wd
cent. Seeds 2 to 8, with a smooth crustaceous testa. — roni

ees, often thorny. Leaves toothed or rarely quite entire. owers small,
axillary, clustered, or shortly racemose.

108 XI. BIXINE. [Xylosma.

A genus widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the new and the old
world. The only Australian species is endemic.

1. X. ovatum, Benth. Glabrous in all its parts, the branches short and
slender, rough with lenticels, and, in our specimens, without thorns. Leaves
mostly ovate, obtuse, about 1} in. long, quite entire, narrowed into a very
short petiole, thinly coriaceous, With numerous fine reticulate veins; a few
lower leaves short and almost orbicular, and the upper ones narrow. Male fl.
not seen. Female fl. very small, 5 or 6 together in very short axillary racemes.
Pedicels about 1 line long, in the axils of small, ovate, ciliate bracts. Sepals
4, orbicular, ciliate, about 3 line long. Disk deeply lobed or divided. Ovary
ovoid, conical, but scarcely tapering into a distinct style, with a broad, thick,
slightly 2-lobed stigma. Placentas 2, very prominent, forming a complete
dissepiment above the insertion of the ovules, but far from meeting below.
Ovules 2 to each placenta. .

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham. SCH

This appears to come nearest to X. orbiculatum, Forst., which, judging from Fiji Island
specimens, has a similar almost sessile stigma, but its leaves are much larger and broader,

and the ovary has 8 placentas, a 3-lobed stigma, and more than two ovules to each pla-
centa. ,

4? STREPTOTHAMNUS, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, much longer than
the sepals. Stamens indefinite. Anthers oblong-linear, tipped by a small
point, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary with parietal placentas and
numerous ovules ; style filiform, with a peltate entire stigma. Fruit a berry.
Seeds several, with a hard testa. Embryo very small, at the base of a copious
albumen.—Glabrous twiners. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, 3-nerved.
Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.

The genus is limited to Australia. It differs from all Bizinee, and approaches Pitto-
spore in its climbing habit and very small embryo, whilst the floral characters bring it
nearer to the tribe Oncobee of Bixinee. The specimens I have seen have so very tew
flowers that I have been unable to dissect any myself, and have taken the characters from
F. Mueller.

Leaves green on both sides. Disk none . . . . . . . LL S. Moorei.
Leaves pale or whitish underneath. Disk toothed . E 2. S, Becklert.

l. S. Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 28. A perfectly glabrous twiner.
Leaves broadly ovate or obscurely cordate, acute or shortly acuminate, 2 to 3
in. long, quite entire, 3-nerved from the base, scarcely paler underneath thaa
aboye, on petioles of to lin. Pedicels about as long as the petioles, E
flowered. Sepals broad, about 1 line long, persistent. Petals 2° or 3 times
as long, rather broad. Stamens very numerous ; filaments shorter than the
anthers. Berry nearly 1 in. long. Seeds ovoid-globular, about 14 line dia-
meter, embedded in pulp.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore.

2. S. Beckleri, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 28. Closely resembles the last
species, but differs in the rather more acuminate leaves, paler underneath, &
deciduous calyx, the ovary surrounded by a several-toothed disk, a rather
longer style, and a more ovoid berry, with smaller seeds. Flowers unknown.

N. S. Wales. Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler,

XII. PITTOSPOREJ. 109

Order XII. PITTOSPOREA.

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular or oblique. Sepals 5, distinct and imbri-
cate, or rarely connate at the base. Petals 5, imbricate, the claws or narrowed
base usually erect and connivent or cohering in a tube, rarely spreading
from the base. Stamens 5, hypogynous, free, alternating with the petals.
Torus small, rarely produced into a short gynophore, sometimes bearing 5
glands. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or rarely 3 to 5 parietal placentas, or
divided into cells by the protrusion of the placentas, which often unite
in the axis, at least after flowering. Style simple, with an entire, small,
capitate, or dilated stigma. Ovules several, superposed in 2 rows on each

placenta, horizontal. Fruit either a capsule opening loculicidally, the valves

sometimes splitting also septicidally, or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds
Several or rarely solitary in each cell, dry or enveloped in pulp, with a thin
testa, smooth or rarely muricate, and a hard albumen. Embryo very small,
t a cavity of the albumen next the hilum.—Trees, erect shrubs, or under-
shrubs, with flexuose, deeumbent, or twining branches. Leaves alternate,
entire, toothed, or rarely lobed, without stipules. Flowers white, blue, yellow,
or rarely reddish, terminal or axillary, solitary and nodding, or in short ra-
cemes, or corymbose panicles.
With the exception of Pittosporum itself, the genera are all limited to Australia.

* Anthers ovate or oblong. Capsule dehiscent. Petals (except in Bursaria) erect
at the base.
Trees or erect shrubs. Petals erect at the base. Capsule thick or
coriaceous. Seeds several,
8 thick, not winged. Flowers usually small. . . . . . 1. PITTOSPORUM.
Seeds flat, horizontal, winged. Flowers large, yellow . . . . % HYMENOSPORUM.
Erect shrubs, often prickly. Petals small, spreading from the base,
Capsule thin, small, and flat. Seeds l or 2 in each cell, vertical,
B... Ee a ees BOND.
Undershrubs or twiners. Petals erect at the base. Capsule mem-
branous or thinly coriaceous. Seeds thick or horizontal . . 4. MARIANTHUS.
** Anthers ovate or oblong. Berry indehiscent. Petals erect at the base.
Prickly shrub, with small leaves and small sessile solitary flowers.
BRE — -a 5. E EE
Undershrübs or twiners, Flowers pedunculate. Berry ovoid or
cong. ; . - Uds d Ge RE

5. CITRIOBATUS.

"TE Anthers linear, or longer than the filaments. Petals spreading from the base, or
nearly so. Undershrubs or twiners.

Fruit a berry.
Anthers distant, recurved or revolute, opening longitudinally . . 7. PRONAYA.
Anthers counivent round the style, opening inwards. . . . . 8. Sonya.
Fruit dehiscent. Anthers turned to one side, opening in terminal
PUO. . . Fo d 4. he vel RT 9, CHEIRANTHERA.

1. PITTOSPORUM, Banks.

Petals usually connivent or cohering in a tube at their base or above the
middle. Anthers ovate-oblong. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, incompletely ,
or almost completely 2-celled, or rarely 3- to 5-celled ; style short. Capsule

110 XII. PITTOSPORES. [ Pittosporum.

globose, ovate or obovate, often laterally compressed ; the valves coriaceous or
thick and hard, bearing the placentas along their centre. Seeds thick or glo-
bular, not winged, often enveloped in a viscous liquor.—Shrubs or trees, gla-
brous, or rarely tomentose. Leaves usually evergreen, entire or minutely
toothed, the upper ones frequently collected into a false whorl. Flowers not
large, axillary or terminal, solitary or in close corymbose panicles.

A large genus, dispersed over the warmer regions of Africa, Asia, the Pacific islands, and
New Zealand. The Australian species are all endemic excepting one which is common to
eastern tropical Asia and the eastern Archipelago.

Flowers numerous, small, in compound terminal corymbs, with the
lower branches axillary.
Leaves ovate-rhomboid, toothed. Sepals obtuse prey
Leaves from obovate to oblong or lanceolate, quite entire.
Sepals subulate or subulate-pointed.
Young leaves and inflorescence rusty-tomentose .
Plant glabrous i SIGNS PUE ce URL S
Peduneles all terminal, clustered, short, each bearing a short simple
cyme or umbel.
Glabrous, or the young shoots aud inflorescence very slightly
pubescent. Flowers about 4 in. long . "lt,
Young shoots and inflorescence rusty-tomentose or hirsute.
Flowers about j in. Capsule $ in, very rough. . . . . 4. P. revolutum.
Flowers 3 to 4 lines. Capsule under 3 in.
Leaves on long petioles, ovate to oblong-lanceolate. To-

1. P.rhonbifolium.

P. ferrugineum.
Fy

5.
2. P.melanospermum,

8. P. undulatum., —

mentum short anderisp. . . . . . . . . . . 5. P. ferrugineum.
Leaves nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate. Tomentum almost d
mire; . 6. P. rubiginosum.

Pedicels axillary, solitary or clustered, 1-flowered, the uppermost
sometimes in a terminal cluster.
Leaves glabrous, flat. Flowers yellow . . .

BEE, HO ot phillyreoides.
Leaves revolute on the margins, glabrous above, tomentose or

silky underneath. Flowers purple and yellow . . . . . 8. P. bicolor.
Doubtful species. Leaves very small. Flowers terminal, 1 line :
M nt oe d ery 9. P. parviflorum.

1. P. rhombifolium, 4. Cunn. in Hook. Ic. Pl, t. 621. A tree, attain-

ing, according to A. Cunningham, 60 to 80 ft., glabrous in all its parts-

Leaves rhomboid-oval or rarel broadly oblong-lanceolate, mostly 3 to 4 m.
long, coarsely and irregularly toothed from the middle upwards, narrowed
into a petiole of 4 to 1 in., coriaceous and shining, but with the pinnate an

netted veins prominent on both sides. Flower white, numerous, and rather

small, in a dense terminal compound corymb, the branches sometimes minutely.

glandular. Sepals obtuse, rather more than 1 line. Petals oblong, about 3
lines long, spreading from below the middle. Ovary shortly stipitate, the
thick placentas nearly meeting, each bearing about 12 to 14 ovules. Capsule
more or less obliquely pear-shaped, or almost globular, usually about 3 lines
long, and ripening 2 or 3 black seeds.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; forests on the Brisbane river; 4. Cunningham ;

Araucaria range, between Brisbane and Dawson rivers and edge of the Killarney serub,
near Warwick, F, Mueller,

N.S. Wales. Clarence river. Herb. F. Mueller,

This has some general affinity, especially in inflorescence, with the East Indian P. flori-
bundum, W. and Arn., but is quite distinet both in foliage and flowers.

DENS PO TN ES i

Fes | i> i, ah lel

Curved at the top. Ovary very hirsute, with very numerous o

Pittosporum.] XII. PITTOSPOREA. HI

2. P. melanospermum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 10. A small tree, quite
glabrous, or with a scanty minute glandular pubescence on the inflorescence.
Leaves from obovate to oblong or even lanceolate, shortly acuminate, mucro-
nate or obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, entire and flat or slightly undulate on the `
margin, narrowed into a petiole of 4 to 5 lines, coriaceous, but not shining,
of a pale hue and prominently veined. Corymbs compound, terminal, many-
flowered, but shorter than the last leaves. Flowers small, the sepals subulate
or lanceolate-subulate, the petals 3 or scarcely 4 lines long, spreading from
about the middle. Ovary shortly stipitate, with 10 to 12 ovules to each pla- -
centa, Capsule obliquely globular or pear-shaped, somewhat compressed,
with few or sometimes a single black seed.

_N. Australia. York Sound, A. Cunningham; low rocky hills between Victoria
river and the Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Keppel Bay and several points of the N.E. coast, R. Brown.

There is one specimen, in the Hookerian herbarium, from A. Cunningham, marked
Hunter's River; but it is not in any other of the numerous collections we have from that

locality, nor from any other station in N. S. Wales. e d
Var. (?) Zateralis. Corymbs usually lateral. York Sound, 4. Cunningham ; Whitsunday

Henne.

3. P. undulatum, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 76. A tree, attaining in favour-
able situations 40 ft., or according to M‘Arthur, 60 to 90 ft., although in
barren exposed localities it remains a shrub, quite glabrous, except a slight
appressed pubescence on the young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves from
oval-oblong to lanceolate, mostly 3 to 6 in. long and acuminate, flat or un-
dulate on the margin, narrowed into a petiole of $ to $ in., coriaceous and
shining, with the veins little conspicuous ; the upper ones often almost whorled.

eduncles several, in terminal clusters, much shorter than the leaves, mostly
ring a simple cyme or umbel of 3 or 4 rather large white flowers, and one
or two often 1-flowered. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, often connate at the
base. Petals 5 to 6 lines long, spreading from the middle. Ovary almost
Sessile, hairy, the 2 placentas united at the base, each bearing numerous
ovules. Capsule nearly globular, rarely attaining $ in., smooth, with thick
coriaceous valves and numerous seeds.—DC. Prod. i. 346 ; Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 383; Bot. Reg. t. 16; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 71 and 224. UM

N. S, i t Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 221 and others;
(rond paige aapa rial southward to Illawara, M‘Arthur, and Twofold

y, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Banks of rivers in humid forest districts, or rocky places abcut Western
Port, Buchan, Tambo, Broadribb, and Suowy rivers, F. Mueller.

4. P. revolutum, At. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 27. A tall shrub, the
Young shoots tomentose. Leaves ovate-elliptical or elliptical-oblong, shortly
acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, scarcely undulate, narrowed into a petiole, egal
Very short, but sometimes near 3 in., coriaceous, glabrous above when :
grown, clothed underneath with a loose rusty tomentum easily rubbed off, the
Upper ones often almost whorled. —Peduncles terminal, few or solitary, amend

curved, bearing sometimes a single, rather large flower, but more ENS
à short dense ovate or corymbose raceme. Sepals lanceolate-subulate. Petals

nearly 3 in. long, often united to above the middle, shortly ers cack

112 XII. PITTOSPOREX. [ Pittosporum.

placenta; stigma peltate.. Capsule 4 to 3 in. long, the hard almost woody
valves rough outside. Seeds numerous, red or brown.—DC. Prod. i. 346;
Bot. Reg. t. 186; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 224; P. fulvum, Rudge in Trans.
Linn. Soc. x. 298, t. 20; DC. 1. c. ; Sweet, Fl. Austral. t. 25 ; P. tomentosum,
Bonpl. Jard. Malm. 56, t. 21; Sweet, Fl. Austral. t. 33; DC. Le: P. Ar
sutum, Link, according to Putterl. Syn. Pittosp. 9.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Fitzalan; Brisbane river, A. Cunningham.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, aud
others; northward to Hastings and Clarence river, Beck/er ; southward to Twofold Bay,
F, Mueller. * :

Victoria. Ridges on the S.E. boundary of Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

In one specimen in the Hookerian herbarium, perhaps in an abnormal condition, the
flowers are in shortly pedunculate umbels, both axillary and terminal.

5. P. ferrugineum, 4it. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 97. A tree, flowering
sometimes as a shrub, but attaining a height of 50 to 60 ft., the young shoots
thickly clothed with a loose rusty tomentum which soon wears off. Leaves
from obovate or ovate, and obtuse or scarcely acuminate, to oblong or almost
lanceolate, acuminate, and 3 to 4 in. long, quite entire, narrowed into a
petiole of 4 to $ in., rusty tomentose on both sides when very young, but
glabrous above, or on both sides when full grown. Peduncles terminal,
usually clustered several together above the last leaves, each one bearing a
cluster or umbel of rather small flowers, but sometimes the common pedunele
grows out and the inflorescence becomes a thyrsoid or pyramidal panicle, „not
a corymb, as in P. melanospermum. Sepals lanceolate or lanceolate-subulate.
Petals narrow, about 3 lines long, spreading only above the middle. Ovary
villous, with 12 to 16 ovules to each placenta. Capsule sessile, nearly glo-
bular, scarcely 4 lines broad, ripening usually 3 or 4 black seeds.—DC. Prod. .
i. 346 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2075; P. tinifolium (linifolium by an error of the
press), A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, iv. 109; P. ovatifolium, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 78.

Queensland. Moist rocky places, Endeavour river, and Percy Islands, 4. Qunning-
ham ; Frankland Islands, M‘Gillivray ; dry ridges of Albany Island, F. Mueller.

Extends over the Malayan peninsula and adjoining islands, and the Philippines. The
Australian specimens have rather larger flowers and narrower-pointed sepals than the com-
mon Malayan form ; but in this respect the Malacca specimens are very variable, some of
them precisely resembling some of the Australian ones; and I have never seen them $0

obtuse as figured in the * Botanical Magazine, even on old specimens preserved from the
eultivated shrubs from whence the inn we taken. a j

6. P. rubiginosum, 4. Cunn.in. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1,iv.108. Branches,
petioles, and inflorescence densely clothed with a rust-coloured tomentum,
consisting of much more spreading hairs than in P. ferrugineum. Leaves
almost whorled, oblong-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 5 to 6 in. long, entire
or slightly sinuate-toothed, narrowed at the base, but almost sessile, herba-
ceous, glabrous above, softly pubescent underneath. Peduncles in our speci-
mens solitary, terminal, $ to 1 in. long, bearing an umbel of several flowers
very similar to those of P. ferrugineum. Fruit unknown.

Queensland. East side of Mount Cook, near Endeavour river, A. Cunningham.

7. P. phillyrzeoides, DC. Prod. i. 347. A small graceful tree or -
slender shrub, quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaves usually oblong- 9T

Pittosporum.] XII. PITTOSPOREÆ. —. ; 113

linear-lanceolate, with-a small hooked point, 2 to 4 in. long, quite entire,
narrowed into a petiole, thick coriaceous and indistinctly veined, but in
some forms short and broadly oblong, in others long and narrow. Pe-
dicels axillary, solitary or in sessile or shortly pedunculate clusters or um-
bels, or the uppermost forming a terminal cluster. Flowers yellow, usually
about 4 lines long, often dicecious, the females rather larger and fewer
together than the males. Sepals short and very obtuse. Petals united to
the middle or still higher, spreading at the top. Ovary pubescent, almost
completely 2-celled, with 6 to 8 ovules in each cell. Fruit ovate or round-
cordate, much compressed, quite smooth, varying from 4 to 9 lines in length,
but usually about 1 in. Seeds few, dark or orange-red.—Putterl. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 192; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 72; P. angustifolium, Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 1859; P. longifolium and P. Roëanum, Putterl. Syn. Pittosp. 15, 16;
P. ligustrifolium, A. Cunn. in Putterl. 1. c. 16, and in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1,
iv. 110; Putterl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 190; P. oleafolium, A. Cunn. in Putterl.
Syn. Pittosp. 17 ; P. acacioides, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, iv. 109;
P. salicinum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 97 ; P. lanceolatum, A. Cunn. in
Mitch. 1. e. 272 and 291.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river and Sturt’s Creck, F. Mueller.

Queensland, Brigalow scrub, Mitchell ; and Burdekin river, Warwick, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Narran river and N.W. interior, Mitchell ; generally dispersed over
the interior, 4. Cunningham.

F gig Sandy, barren, or stony declivities and plains dispersed through the desert,
» Mueller.

S. Australia. On the coast, R. Brown; Kangaroo Island, round Spencer’s Gulf and
other localities, F, Mueller,

. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1297 ; Rottenest Island, A. Cun-
ningham, Preiss ; Dirk Hartog Island, 4. Cunningham ; Murchison river, Oldfield ;
Abrolhos island, Bynoe, Moore in Herb. Preiss. n. 1294. :

This species, apparently spread over the whole desert country of Australia, cannot be con-
founded with any other, notwithstanding the variability of the proportions of its kapa
flowers, and fruit, In some of the western specimens the leaves are barely 2 inches long,
and fully $ inch wide, whilst in a large number of eastern and some western ones they attain
4 or 5 inches in length with a breadth of only 2 or 3 lines.

8. P. bicolor, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 249. A small tree, attaining 1n
some localities a haah of 40 feet, remaining a bush in others, the young
branches hoary or rusty, with a close tomentum. Leaves usually crowded,
oblong, lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or with a short recurved point,
mostly 1 to 2 in. long, entire, the margins much revolute, nearly sessile or ee
very short petioles, thick and coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose or silky
underneath. Pedicels from 2 or 3 lines to nearly 1 in. long, axillary, Se
tered or solitary, usually reflexed, the little bracts at their base nomaro os
Conspicuous, the uppermost pedicels often in a terminal cluster. Sepals ore
long or lanceolate. Petals purple and yellow, 4 to 5 lines long, free sega
to» spreading from above the middle. Ovary villous, with 10 or more omes
to each placenta. Capsule rounded, somewhat compressed, 4 (o 5 lin
broad, tomentose, the valves not very thick. Seeds usually rather xS Run
—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 38; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 72; T. discolor, Regel,
Gartenfl. i. 133, t. 15 ; P. Huegelianum, Putterl. in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 43
(from the description given).

SOL. I. I

114 : XH. PITTOSFOREX. [Pittosporuin.

N. S: Wales? E. extratropical Australia, Huegel. (I have.not seen the specimens.)

Victoria. Tree-fern gullies, from Wilson's Promontory to the Delatite river, Dandenong
ranges, and Mount Disappointment ; also ranges towards Cape Otway and Apollo Bay, and
Mount Tambo, ascending to subalpine elevations, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. R. Brown; throughout the island, abundant in damp ravines, ascending to
4000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

Doubtful species.

9. P. (?) parviflorum, Pu//erl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 189. A glabrous erect
shrub of 2 ft. Leaves obovate, 4 to 5 lines long, flat or concave, entire.
Peduncles terminal, solitary or 2 together, searcely 1 line long. Flowers
scarcely l line long. Calyx already fallen from the specimens described.
Petals 5, linear-lanceolate, terminated by a dot-like gland. Stamens not
seen. „Ovary 3-celled, the placentas meeting in the centre, but not united ;
style filiform ; ovules 6 to 10 in each cell. Ripe fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Stony sterile places, York and Wicklow districts, Preiss, n. 1290.

I have not seen the specimen, but from the description given I much doubt its belonging to
the genus or even to the Order.

2. HYMENOSPORUM, F. Muell.

Petals connivent or cohering in a tube to above the middle. Anthers
ovate-oblong. Ovary incompletely 2-celled; style short. Capsule ovate,
compressed, with thick coriaceous valves. Seeds numerous, horizontally im-
bricated, flat, reniform, surrounded by a membranous wing.—A shrub or tree,
with the habit of Pi/tosporum, from which it only differs in its large flowers
and in its seeds.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia,

1. H. flavum, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 17. A handsome evergreen shrub
or tree, glabrous, except a loose pubescence on the inflorescence, and some-
times on the under side of the leaves. Leaves ovate-oblong or oblanceolate,
acuminate, entire, from 3 to 5 or even 6 in. long, narrowed into a petiole o
i in. or more, the upper ones often almost vertieillate. Panicle terminal,
loose, corymbose, often 6 to S in. diameter, with small linear or lanceolate
bracts. Flowers large, yellow. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long.
Petals silky-tomentose outside, the erect base or broad claws nearly 1 in., the
spreading lamina nearly à in. long. Ovary linear, silky-tomentose, wit
numerous ovules. Capsule stipitate, much flattened, fully 1 in. long and nearly
as broad. Seeds, including the wing, fully 4 lines broad.— Pittosporum
flavum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4799. |

Queensland. Wide Bay district, Bidwill; Moreton Bay and Brisbane river, F. Mue ller i
Ipswich, Vernet.

. N. S. Wales. Paterson’s River and Hunter's River, R. Brown; Port Stephens, 4.

cones Macleay river, Beckler ; Clarence river, Wilcox ; Lake Macquarie, Leich-
rdt.

3. BURSARIA, Cav.

Petals narrow, spreading from near the base. Anthers ovoid. Ovary in-

completely 2-celled ; style short. Capsule shortly stipitate, flat, broadly or-
bicular, opening round the edge, with thinly coriaceous flat valves. Seeds 1

TE

Bursaria.] XII. PITTOSPOREÆ. 115

or 2 in each cell, flat, reniform, not winged.—Rigid, much branched shrubs
or trees, often thorny. Leaves small, entire. Flowers small, in terminal
panicles. Sepals very fugacious.

The genus is limited to the following one or perhaps two Australian species.

1. B. spinosa, Cav. Ie. iv. 30, £. 350. A shrub or small tree, occa-
sionally attaining the height of 40 ft., in the ordinary state glabrous, and
when young very bushy, the smaller branches often reduced to short subulate
thorns. Leaves very variable, most frequently clustered, obovate, oblong or
cuneate, obtuse, truncate or notched, 4 to 1 in. long, narrowed at the base,
and sometimes shortly petiolate, green on both sides; in luxuriant specimens
they vary to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long ; in a few others they have oc-
casionally a few coarse teeth at the top; and in the var. incana they are
thicker, and white underneath with a silky tomentum. Flowers white, usually
very numerous, in a broad, pyramidal, terminal panicle, arranged along its
branches in short racemes, on pedicels of 1 to 3 lines; occasionally the pani-
cles are reduced to short racemes or to 1 or 2 terminal flowers. Bracts minute
and very fugacious. Sepals small, also falling off long before the petals open.
Petals narrow, about 2 lines long. Capsule 3 to 4 lines or, in the var. incuna,
sometimes 5 lines broad.—DC. Prod. i. 347; Bot. Mag. t. 1767; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 39; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 74; Itea spinosa, Andr. Bot. Rep.
t. 314.

N. Australia. About the Gulf of Carpentaria, rare, and only the var. incana, F,
Mueller ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham, `

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, and near Warwick, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Common in all forest lands, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 281, and others.

Victoria. Common in all the lowlands as well as in the mountain districts, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant thronghout the island, J. D. Hooker.

5 Australia. Extends westward at least to E Bay, F. Mueller.

- Austr i ay, Oldfield, only the var. incana. :

Var, (?) meng = uy ani A med uuder side of the leaves white or hoary,
With a soft and dense, or close and thin tomentum. Tn the original specimens the leaves are
? to 3 in. long, but they pass gradually, in other specimens, into small obovate or Seng
Ones. They are, however, usually more robust, and the flowers, and especially the jin s
rather larger than in the normal B. spinosa.— B. incana, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Mr,
224. This appears to be the more common variety in the tropical and subtropical regions, pa
the only one hitherto found in North or West Australia. It extends also southward tot e
zeg tract on the Murray and Snowy rivers, in Victoria. I feel much hesitation in follow-
ing F. Mueller in witi rms in one species.

‘A third SE distin Sat re perhaps a ie state of the common ane, has T
small leaves, numerous thorns, and only very few flowers, with longer and ag ae ae
oret Very characteristic specimens were collected on the Glenelg river by Mr.

rtson, :

4. MARIANTHUS, Hueg.
(Calopetalum, Harv.; Oncosporum, Puiterl; and Rhytidosporum, F. Muell.)

Petals connivent at the base or above the middle, Ee, n ap
Anthers oblong or ovate, shorter than the filaments. Ovary sessi SCH n y
stipitate, usually completely 2-celled, glabrous, except very rarely in M. laxi-

Jlorus. Capsule ovoid or oblong, turgid or slightly compressed, membranous

or slightly coriaceous, the valves sometimes splitting septicidally. Seeds

ovoid, reniform or globular.— Undershrubs, with procumbent, — or more

D

116 XII. PITTOSPOREJE. [ Marianthus,

frequently twining branches. Leaves entire, toothed, or the lower ones oc-
easionally lobed. Flowers blue, white, or reddish, in terminal compaet pani-
cles, usually corymbose or almost umbellate, rarely solitary or apparently
axillary from the extreme shortness of the flowering branch.

The genus is limited to Australia. Tt differs from Bi//ardiera solely in the capsular not
baccate fruit, which is the cause of several species having been described in both genera when
the fruit has not been seen. The petals are in general more spreading than in Billardiera,

but M. bignoniaceus has a tubular corolla, and the eymose Billardieras have the flowers of
Marianthus.

Series I. Procumbentes.— Branches short, procumbent or flexuose, not twining.
Leaves crowded. Pedicels 1 to 3, terminal. Sepals very pointed. Petals spreading
from below the middle. Seeds ovoid-reniform, transverse, and laterally attached.

Leaves small or heath-like, glabrous or hispid with a few setee.

Flowering pedicels shorter than the leaves. Seeds much

SEM. (2 hx Rte des eat i M ton
Flowering pedicels much longer than the leaves. Seeds nearly
smooth." 5. 2. M. microphyllus.

Leaves broadly obovate, à in. or more; very hairy. Seeds smooth 3. M. villosus.

Series II. Oncosporeve.—Tiwiners. Leaves distinctly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or
lanceolate, very obtuse and cordate at the base. Sepals very acute or subulate. Petals
various, Seeds globular, muricate (or tuberculate f).

Flowers small, in loose terminal racemes or corymbs. Petals
spreading from below the middle. Seeds muricate. i

Hairs loose, rather rusty. Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell . . . 4. M. granulatus.

Hairs silky-white. Ovules numerous. . . . . . . . 5. M. parviflorus.
Flowers rather large, on axillary pedicels. Petals united in a tube

above the middle. (Seeds tuberculate?) . . . . . . 6. M. bignoniaceus.

Series IIl. INormales.— Tviners, or rarely branches short and flecuose, or nearly
straight. Leaves sessile, or narrowed into a petiole. Sepals very acute or subulate. Pe-
tals blue or white, usually connivent to the middle, Seeds (where known) smooth, near ly
globular.

Pedicels 1 to 3, sessile amongst the last leaves, or axillary.

Leaves narrowed at the base. Ovary glabrous. s
Pedicels slender, mostly above 4 in. Ovary distinctly stipitate 7. M. Drummondianus.
Pedicels very short, Ovary scarcely contracted at the base . $. M. tenuis.

Flowers in terminal corymbs or short racemes, usually numerous.

Upper leaves sessile, obtuse at the base. Corymb or raceme

Ios url RW OWENE e AE 1
Leaves narrowed into a petiole. Corymbs many-flowered.

Flowers blue, often spotted. Sepals very hairy. . . . 10. M. eceruleo-punctatus.

Flowers white. Sepals rigid, glabrous or slightly hairy.

Leaves lanceolate or linear. Style Jong and subulate . 11. M. candidus.
Leaves ovate or broadly lanceolate. Style short and
thick, with e broad stigma... . ee, 19. M. floribundus.

9. M. laxiflorus.

Serres IV. Pictæ.—Twiners, or rarely branches short and fleruose. Leaves narrowed
into a petiole. Sepals ovate or shortly lanceolate. Petals red or streaked with purple,
very oblique, and connivent to the middle.. Seeds (where known) smooth.

Filaments dilated, at least at the base. Twiners with red flowers.

Filaments dilated at the base only . jode 2677. 5 18 M erubemem,

Filaments much dilated above the middle . ts iy ` Se are.
Filaments scarcely flattened. Branches flexnose, or slightly

twining. Flowers streaked.
Corymbs dense. Pedicels stont, 1 to 2 linės . . . . , 15. M. lineatus.
Corymbs loose, few-flowered. Pedicels slender, 3 to 4 lines . 16. M. pictus.

"mg

—— —

TU

Marianthus.] XII. PITTOSPORE.E. 117
Ki

l. M. procumbens, Benth. A low, prostrate or suberect, much
branched shrub, the branches sometimes flexuose and nearly 1 ft. long, but
usually much shorter, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves crowded and
sessile, in the uorthern varieties usually linear or linear-cuneate, pointed, en-
lire or rarely toothed at the top, 4 to 6 lines long, rigid, with recurved mar-
gus; in the southern forms usually shorter, more cuneate or even obovate or
ovate, and often toothed. Flowers small, white or tinged with red, solitary
or 2 or 3 together, terminal or appearing axillary from the shortness of the
flowering shoots, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines long aud always shorter than the
leaves at the time of flowering, rather longer and recurved when in fruit.
Sepals lanceolate-linear, very pointed. Petals about 3 lines long or smaller,
spreading from below the middle. Filaments dilated to the middle. Ovules
6 to 8 in each cell of the ovary. Style short. Capsule truncate, 3 lines
broad, and not quite so long. Seeds usually 3 or 4 in each cell, ovoid-reni-
form, transverse and laterally attached, deeply wrinkled.—Pittosporum pro-
cumbens and P. nanum, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 275 ; Bursaria procumbens,
Putterl. Syn. Pittosp. 20; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 39; B. diosmoides, Putter].
l.c. (from the description, I have not seen Sieber's n. 554) ; B. Stuartiana,
Klatt, in Linnza, xxviii. 568; Rhytidospo?um procumbens, F. Muell. 1st
Gen. Rep. 10; Pl. Vict. i. 75; Campylanthera ericoides, Lindl. in Mitch.
Three Exped. ii. 277.

N. S. Wales. Frequent about Port Jackson and in the Blue Mountains, A. and R.
Cunningham, and others; extending northward to Clarence river, Becker, and southward to
Twofold Bay, F. Mueller,

. Victoria. Barren forest ridges and heath ground, not generally common although no-
liced in many localities, more frequent in the eastern part of Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common in sandy places throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

2. M. microphyllus, Benth. Habit of the smaller shorter-leaved
forms of M. procumbens, Stems apparently proeumbent, branched, under 6
in. long, more or less hirsute. Leaves crowded, from obovate to oblong, ob-
tuse, rarely 2 lines long, the margins recurved, all entire in our specimens.
Pedicels solitary, terminal, about 3 lines long when in flower, and } in. when
In fruit, and always several times longer than the last leaves. Flowers larger
and apparently darker-coloured than in M. procumbens. Petals about 4 lines
long, spreading from a little below the middle. Filaments very slightly
dilated. Ovules at least 12 to each cell of the ovary. Style rather long.
Capsule 3 lines long and not quite so broad. Seeds numerous, smooth or
scarcely wrinkled, but not quite ripe in our specimen.— Oncosporum microphyl-
lum, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 365 ; Marianthus rhytidosporus, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 145.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 242; also Herb, Mueller.

3. M. villosus, Benth. Apparently a low procumbent shrub, with
sbort, slightly flexuose, very hispid branches. Leaves rather crowded,
broadly obovate, 3 to near 3 in. long, usually coarsely toothed, narrowed e
à short petiole, softly villous on both sides, or becoming almost glabrous ab ve
When old. Pedicels terminal or on very short side-branches, solitary or 2 or
3 together, very short at first, and not 2 lines long when in fruit. Petals and
stamens not seen. Ovary glabrous, with a long style. Capsule about 4 lines

118 i XII. PITTOSPOREM, ( Marianthus.
*
long and 3 broad, with about 5 seeds in each cell, ovoid-reniform, horizontal,
and laterally attached, as in M. procumbens, but not wrinkled.— Oncosporum
villosum, 'Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 365? s

NV. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 176.

.4. M. granulatus, Benih. A very slender twiner, the young shoots
and leaves loosely clothed with long, soft, spreading hairs, becoming at length
glabrots. Leaves distinctly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute
or obtuse, entire, and always obtuse at the base, the larger ones above 1 in.
long, those of the side-branches smaller, of a thin texture. Flowers small,
3 to 5 together, in slender racemes or cymes, on filiform pedicels of 4 to 6
lines. Sepals subulate-lanceolate, with Jong" spreading hairs. Petals about
2 lines. Anthers very small. Ovary glabrous, with a subulate style ; ovules
3 or 4 in each cell. Capsules nearly orbicular, turgid, membranous, glabrous,
about 3 lines long. Seeds globular, strongly muricate.— Oncosporum granu-
latum, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 366.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 210.

5. M. parviflorus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 144. Very near M. granulatus,
but not quite so slender, the young shoots silky-white, with long soft hairs.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or almost cordate-ovate, acute or
obtuse, the larger ones above 1 in. long, entire, softly hairy, with a very silky
margin. Flowers several, in short terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or co-
rymbs, not much longer than the leaves, on pedicels of 2 to 4 or rarely 6
lines. Flowers of M. granulatus or rather longer, the petals often 3 lines
long. Ovary longer, glabrous, with a short style, and 10 to 12 ovules in
each = Capsules very turgid, about 2 lines long. Seeds several, globular,
muricate.

W. Australia. Plantagenet, Stirling, and Perongerup ranges, Maxwell.

6. M. bignoniaceus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 6, and Pl.
Vict. i. 77, é. 10. A very slender twiner, the young shoots silky-white, but
soon becoming glabrous. Leaves distinctly petiolate, from ovate to oblong or
lanceolate, with a rounded or cordate base, obtuse or acute, quite entire,
usually $ to 13 in. long, but some of the larger ones above 2 in. Pedicels
terminal or from the abortion of the flowering branches, axillary, solitary OY
2 or 3 together, filiform, 2 or 3 lineslong. Flowers pendulous, of a yellowish
or orange colour, $ to nearly 1 in. long. Sepals small, lanceolate-subulate.
Petals united in a tube to far above the middle and only spreading at the
top, but soon separating at the base also. Anthers small. Ovary silky-
villous, with a very long subulate style, and 6 to 8 ovules to each cell. Cap-

sule oblong, turgid. Seeds globular and apparently tubereulate, but I have
not seen them in a good state.

Victoria. Shady rivulets, springs, and cataracts, and fissures of irrigated rocks, Serra
and kage ranges, and iu the Grampians, F. Mueller. i
S. Australia, Shady banks of the i din
to 5000 ft., F. Mueller. ` Hiep nh Mooni Loftg Se
_ The inflorescence and shape of the flowers are much more those of the majority of Billar-
dieras than of Marianthus, but the fruit is capsular. It is not Billardiera latifolia,
Putterl., referred to it by Klatt, in Linnea, xxviii. 570.

Marianthus.] XII, PITTOSPOREJX. 119

7. M. Drummondianus, Benth. A slender twiner, the young shoots
and leaves clothed with long, spreading, very soft, and rather rusty hairs, or
rarely glabrous. Leaves from obovate to oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute or with
a sinall recurved point, 3 to 1 in. long, coarsely toothed or almost entire, sessile
or narrowed into a very short petiole, the lowest ones sometimes deeply cut.
Pedicels terminal, 1 to 3 together, filiform, hairy, 4 to à in. long. Sepals
lanceolate-subulate, hairy. Petals about 4 in. long, spreading above the
middle. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with a slender style and 3 to 6 ovules in
each cell. Capsule ovoid, very turgid, nearly 3 in. long. Seeds small, glo-
bular, smooth.—Oxcosporum Drummondianum, Putterl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 194.

W. Australia. Gravelly places, Swan River, Preiss, n. 1288, Drummond, lst Coll. ;
Gordon river and Tronstone hills, Tone river, Oldfield ; S.W. interior, Maxwell (the speci-
men almost completely glabrous).

8. M. tenuis, Benth. A slender twiner, the young shoots with a few
soft spreading hairs, but soon glabrous. Leaves lanceolate or oblong or
the lower ones almost ovate, acute, 1 to 13 in. long, entire or with a few coarse
distant teeth, narrowed into a distinct petiole. Flowers small, axillary, soli-
tary or in short corymbs of 3 to 5, on pedicels of not above 1 line at the time
of flowering. Sepals subulate, hairy. Petals 5 or 6 lines long, spreading
from above the middle. Ovary glabrous, with a slender style. Fruit not
seen.— Billardiera parviflora, DC. Prod. i. 346.

W. Australia. Geographer Bay, Leschenault ; Flinders Bay, Collie ; Cape Naturaliste,
Oldfield. ; :

9. M. (9) laxiflorus, Benth. A twiner, with the foliage nearly of Billar-
diera variifolia, the flowers and ovary more nearly those of M. candidus
and its allies. Leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong or lanceolate, the lowest
` toothed, the others entire, seldom above 1 in. long, glabrous as well as the
stem. Flowers apparently white, in loose pedunculate corymbose racemes, on
slender pedicels, 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx, and much fewer in number
and rather smaller than in M. candidus. Ovary glabrous or very slightly
pubescent: Fruit unknown.

W. Australia, Drummond ; Cape Leeuwin, Collie; between Perth and King George’s
Sound, Harvey ; near Kalgan Bridge, Mount Barker, and Perongerup range, Herb. Mueller.

. 10. M. coeruleo-punctatus, Klotzsch, in Link, Kl. and Otto, Ic. Pl.
28, £. 12. Very nearly allied to M. candidus, and perhaps a small blue-
flowered variety. Foliage the same, but usually more pubescent, at least on
the under side of the leaves. Sepals smaller and more slender, and always
clothed with long brown hairs. Petals as in M. candidus, but rather smaller,
blue, the upper ones generally, but perhaps not aiways, spotted in the lower
part with a darker colour. Style slender. Capsule oblong, with vc nl
. Smooth globular seeds in each cell, but not seen quite ripe.— Putterl. an. LL
Preiss. i. 196.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 81, Preiss; also, apparently
the same, but perhaps without spots, Cape Naturaliste, Oldfield.

ll. M. candidus, Hueg. Enum. 8. A tall twiner, either pce or
with a slight pubescence on the young shoots, under side of the leaves, an in-
florescence. First leaves occasionally toothed or lobed, all the others quite

120 XII. PITTOSPORE J£. ( Marianthus,

entire, the lower ones sometimes ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in. long, the upper
ones lanceolate or linear, 2 to 3 in. long; acuminate and narrowed into a
petiole, or the uppermost almost sessile, rather firm, with recurved margins.
Flowers white, usually numerous, in rather dense terminal pedunculate
corymbs. Sepals lanceolate, very pointed, rather stiff, 2 to 3 lines long.
Petals about 8 lines, obovate, acute, and spreading from above the middle,
with narrow erect claws. Ovary glabrous, narrowed into a short stipes, with
a subulate style at least as long as the ovary, and small stigma. Capsule
oblong.— Putter!. in Pl. Preiss. i. 195.

W. Australia. Frequent about Swan River, Huegel, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1285, and
others; Flinders Bay, Cod/ie. -

12. M. floribundus, Putterl. in Nov. Stirp. Dec. 61.—Allied to M.
candidus, but a larger plaut and quite glabrous. Leaves (of the flowering
branches) ovate or very broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to
li in. broad, quite entire, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers usually nume-
rous in a pedunculate corymb. Sepals lanceolate, very pointed, rigid, about
3 lines long. Petals apparently white, 9 to 10 lines long, spreading from
above the middle, and acute as in M. candidus. Ovary sessile, narrowed at
the top into a very short thick style, with a broad capitate stigma.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Huegel, Harvey ; Mair’s station on the Tone
river, Clarke; Mount Clarence, Oldfield.

13. M. erubescens, Pulferl. in Nov. Stirp. Dec. 60, and Pl. Preiss.
i. 197.—Twining from a woody base and quite glabrous. Leaves narrow,
oblong-laneeolate or linear, obtuse or scarcely acute, 1 to 2 lines long, entire,
narrowed into a petiole, almost coriaceous. Flowers red, 3 or 5, in sessile or
shortly pedunculate terminal or axillary coryinbs, or rarely solitary, on slender -
pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Sepals broadly lanceolate, about 1} lines long,
with scarious edges. Petals about 1 in. long, the lamine very oblique
and narrowed into long curved claws. Anthers oblong, the long slender fila-
ments shortly and broadly membranous at the base. Ovary glabrous, with a
long slender style. Young fruit as in M. ringens.—M. purpureus, Turez. m
Bull. Mose. 1854, ii: 364.

W. Australia. Swan River, Huegel, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 78, and Coll. 1848,

n. 96, Preiss, n. 1292; between Perth and King George's Sound, Harvey ; Salt river, Herd.
F. Mueller. i

l4. M. ringens, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 218.—Twining from a woody
base, and either quite glabrous or with long silky hairs on the young leaves.
Leaves from broadly lanceolate to linear-acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed
into a petiole, coriaceous and quite entire. Flowers red, in dense terminal
corymbs usually shortly pedunculate. Sepals oval-oblong or broadly Janceo-
late; about 2 lines long. Petals very oblique, from 2 to 1 in. long, with an
obovate spreading lamina, the long erect claws rather broad and at first co-
hering. Filaments much dilated and. petal-like, especially above the middle,
and suddenly contracted into a short subulate point bearing an oblong anther.
Ovary glabrous, with a long filiform style. Capsule oval-oblong. Seeds
many, more or less angular.— Calopetaluim ringens, Drumm, and Harv. m
Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 53.

E som

Marianthus.] XII. PITTOSPORE X. 121

W. Australia. Chapman river, Drummond; Champion Bay, Burges; Murchison
river, Oldfield ; Greenough river, Walcot.

15. M. lineatus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 217, and ii. 182.—Shrubby and
glabrous, with rigidly flexuose or shortly twining branches. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate or linear, obtuse or with a minute point, 1 to 2 in. long, narrowed
into a short petiole, rather coriaceous. Flowers in dense terminal, almost
sessile corymbs. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely more than 1 line
long. Petals 6 to 8 lines, oblique, but less so than in M. pictus (yellowish ?)
with purple streaks, obovate and spreading at the top, gradually narrowed
into broad claws. Filaments subulate. Ovary sessile, with a subulate style.
Capsule hard, the valves often splitting septicidally, Seeds nunierous, closely
packed and much flattened.

_ W. Australia. Sandy and rocky situations between White Peak and Murchison
river, Oldfield. t

16. M. pictus, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 22.—Shrubby and glabrous, with
slender twiggy, flexuose or half-climbing branches. Leaves elliptical or lan-
ceolate, obtuse or with a small point, 4 to 1 in. long, narrowed at the base
into a short petiole or almost sessile, entire or toothed, rather coriaceous.

lowers few, in short terminal racemes or corymbs, the slender pedicels usually
3 or 4 lines long. Sepals ovate, 4 to $ line long. Petals 6 to 8 lines, more
oblique and curved than those of M. lineatus, streaked with purple, narrowed
into a short claw. Filaments filiform. Ovary sessile, with a subulate style.
Capsule ovoid-oblong, rather coriaceous, the valves splitting septicidally.
Seeds nearly globular or angular.—Oncosporum bicolor, Putterl. Syn. Pittosp.
21, in part, as quoted in Pl. Preiss. i. 198.

um Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. and Coll. 1843 n. 71; Preiss, n.
6.

5. CITRIOBATUS, A. Cunn.
d (1xiosporum, F. Muell.)

Petals counivent or connate to above the middle, in a cylindrical tube
spreading at the top. Anthers oblong, shorter than the filaments. Ovary
l-celled, with 2 to 5 parietal placentas $ style short. Fruit coriaceous or
hard, globular, indehiscent. Seeds few or many, nearly globular, often en-
veloped in a viscous fluid.—Rigid, much branched shrubs, armed with short
thorns or abortive branches. Leaves small, entire or toothed. Flowers small,
Sessile and solitary, surrounded by small sepal-like bracts.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Placentas 2, with 8 to 10 ovules each. Fruit 2 to 5 lines diameter,

gegen, uuo. ee E

lacentas 5, with very numerous ovules. Fruit lin. diameter or larger,

With numerous seeds Rcs

1. C. multiflorus.
2. C. pauciflorus.

1. C. multiflorus, 4. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. (name only), nd *
Putterl, Syn. Pittosp. 4.—A straggling or prostrate very much branched shrub,
With slender branches, rough with a minute pubescence, and bearing =
rous subulate thorns or abortive branches. Leaves sessile, ovate, me
obovate, or broadly cuneate, usually 4 to 6 lines long, entire or with a few

122 XII. PITTOSPORE®. [ Citriobatus.

small pointed or prickly teeth, rather thin, green and glabrous on both sides.
Flowers about 2 lines long, always solitary in the axils, and not very nume-
rous on the bush, notwithstanding the specific name. Ovary pubescent, with
2 parietal placentze, and 8 to 12 ovules to each. Berry 2 to 5 lines diameter,
containing from two to above a dozen seeds which are not viscid.
Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Damp shady woods and bushy places, Port Jackson to the Blue Moun-

tains, 4. Cunningham and others; northward to the Macleay, Hastings, and Clarence rivers,
Beckler ; southward to Illawarra, 4. Cunningham and others.

2. C. pauciflorus, 4. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. 585 (name
only).—Habit of C. multiflorus, but stouter and more rigid, the branches
similarly rough, with a minute pubescence, and thorny. Leaves from obovate
to cuneate-oblong, rarely orbicular, mostly entire and obtuse, but occasionally
mucronate or truncate and 3-toothed, rarely exceeding 4 in. in length, often
petiolate and more rigid than in C. multiflorus. Flowers larger than in that
species, the petals 4 to 5 lines long, united into a complete tube to $ of their
length. Ovary pubescent, with 5 parietal placentas, covered with innumera-
ble minute ovules. Style longer than in C. multiflorus. Fruit attaining 1
to 1} in. diameter, with a thick coriaceous pericarp. Seeds numerous, 1n & `
viscid pulp.—Iziosporus spinescens, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austr. ii. 76.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham.

; etna E. coast, R. Brown; in the serub on the Fitzroy river, Thozet ; near
the Dawson river, F. Mueller ; Castor creek, Leichhardt.

Cunningham’s specimen, in leaf with the remains of a fruit, is not authentically named,
but there is little reason to doubt its being the one he had in view. There are, also, in the
Hookerian and in Mueller’s herbaria specimens in leaf only, which may prove to be one, or
perhaps two, additional species of Cifriobatus, but they are insufficient for determination.

6. BILLARDIERA, $m.

Petals connivent or cohering in a tube to above the middle, spreading at
the top. Anthers oblong or ovate, shorter than the filaments. Ovary sessile
or nearly so, completely or rarely imperfectly 2-celled, glabrous or pubescent.
Fruit succulent or fleshy and indehiscent, ovoid or oblong. Seeds ovoid, Ye-
niform or globular, often enveloped in a viscid pulp.—Undershrubs, with the
branches usually twining. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers greenish-yel-
low, purple or rarely blue, either solitary or clustered and pendulous, or in ter-
minal cymes and erect. `

The genus is limited to Australia. It differs from Marianthus only in the baccate not

capsular fruit. The solitary pendulous flowers, frequent in Billardiera, are only in one
species of Marianthus.

Pedicels solitary, or rarely 2 or 3 together.
Petals elongated, slightly spreading at the top. Styl
filiform. Perry turgid, 1-celled 5 d $ a oi um
Petals spreading from above the middle, Style short, -
oblong, 2-celled. Due D
Leaves ovate, linear, or rarely ovate-lanceolate, mostly wavy on
the margin’. . . . 8 2. 22000 P s IM EEN
Leaves oval or elliptical-oblong, coriaceons, not wavy. — *
Glabrous. Flowers solitary or very few .

D

]. B. longiflora.

LI 8. B. coriacea.

Billardiera.] XII. PITTOSPOREÆ. 123

Pubescent or silky-villous. Flowers usually several . . . 4. B. cymosa, var.
Pedicels several, clustered or corymbose (as in Marianthus), [sericophora.
Sepals lanceolate-subulate, flowers corymbose.
Corymbs distinctly pedunenlate, Petals about 5 lines long . 6. B. LeAmanniana.
Corymbs sessile, or very shortly pedunculate. Petals 7 or 8
lines.
Sepals glabrous or silky pubescent. . . . . . . . . 4. B. cymosa.
BON BUONO 6 o. s cr qu 3 dna 4. 0 E variifolia,
Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in sessile clusters,
usually nodding or pendulous.

Glabrous. Flowers solitary or very few . . 8. B. coriacea.

Pubescent or silky villous. Flowers usually several. . . . 4. B. cymosa, var.
[sericophora.
(B. rosmarinifolia, DC. Prod. i. 345, described from specimens in leaf only, appears to
me to be a Mirbelia.) -

l. B. longiflora, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 64. t. 89.—Stems twining,
sometimes very short, but often many feet long, glabrous or silky pubescent
when young. Leaves from ovate and not above 4 in. long, to lanceolate or
linear, and 1 to 1} in. or rarely 2 in. long, obtuse or rarely acute, entire, ta-
pering into a very short petiole or almost sessile. Flowers greenish-yellow,
often changing to purple, pendulous on solitary terminal pedicels of 3 to 1 in.
Sepals lanceolate, finely pointed, 2 to 3 lines long. Petals linear-cuneate, 1
to nearly 13 in. long, erect and shortly spreading at the top, forming an al-
most tubular corolla. Ovary glabrous or slightly pubescent, with a long subu-
late style. Berry from nearly*globular to narrow-ovoid, turgid, becoming
unilocular from the disappearance of the half-dissepiment. Seeds numerous,
not enveloped in puip.—DC. Prod. i. 345; Bot. Mag. t. 1507 ; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 37; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 78 and 225; B. ovalis, Lindl. Bot.
Reg. t. 1719 (with short badly developed flowers) ; B. macrantha, Hook. f.
°l. Tasm. i. 37 (with remarkably long flowers).

N.S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. ; y bali
Victoria. Along shady rivulets and in damp mountain forests, ascending to subalpine

elevations, F. Mueller, - i ascendi
Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the island in thickets, etc., ding to

3000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

2. B. scandens, Sm. Bot. Nov. Holl.i.t.1. Stems twining, often toa
considerable extent, or short and flexuose, nearly glabrous or more or less
silky or velvety-pubescent, or hairy. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to lan-
ceolate or linear, obtuse or with a recurved point, usually 1 to 2 in. long,
entire or often with undulate margins, usually narrowed into a short petiole.
Flowers from greenish or pale yellow to violet or purple, pendulous on slender
terminal pedicels varying from a line or two to above $ in., solitary or very rarely
2 together. ‘Sepals lanceolate or lanceolate-subulate. Petals spreading from
above the middle, so as to form a narrow-campanulate corolla, 8 to 10 lines
or rarely 1 in, long. Ovary glabrous or pubescent, 2-celled, with a very e?
style and broad hollow stigma. Berries cylindrical or ovoid-oblong, 2-celle
glabrous or downy. Seeds numerous, in a close double row in each cell =
embedded in pulp.—DC. Prod. i. 345 ; Bot. Mag. t. 801; Sweet, Fl. Austral.
t.54; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 79; B. latifolia, Putterl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 47,
but not of Klatt, Linnea, xxviii. 570; B. grandiflora, Putterl. Le 48 (all

124 XII. PITTOSPORES. [ Billardiera.

the above referring to specimens with pubescent ovaries and fruits); B. mu-
labilis, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 48; Bot. Mag. t. 1313; DC. Prod. i. 345;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 37 (with glabrous ovaries and fruits) ; B. angustifolia,
DC. Prod. i. 345; B. canariensis, Wendl. Hort. Herrenh. t. 15.

Queensland. Wide Bay and Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 495, ete. ; northward to New
England, Stuart ; and Hastings river, Bechler ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. `

Victoria. Stony and rocky declivities, chiefly amongst scrub, along rivers, and in
moist forest country through the western and eastern parts of the colony ascending to the
Alps, F. Mueller. M EE.

Tasmania. Stiff clayey soils in the northern parts of the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Mount Gambier, at the S.E. extremity of the colony, F. Mueller.

Var. brachyantha. Softly hairy. Leaves narrow, undulate. Flowers about 3 together, He
shorter pedicels; petals short. Ovary and fruit densely villous; apparently connecting te
species with the var. sericophora of B. cymosa.—B. brachyantha, F. Muell.; Klatt, 1
Linnea, xxviii. 570. Buffalo range and Mount Macedon in Victoria, F. Mueller, whom
follow in uniting into one species the glabrous and downy-fruited forms of the common
eastern Billardiera. :

3. B. coriacea, Benih. A tall twiner, either perfectly glabrous or the
young shoots slightly silky-hairy. Leaves distinctly petiolate, from broadly
oval to elliptical-oblong, obtuse or shortly pointed, mostly 14 to 23 in. long,
quite entire and coriaceous. Pedicels solitary, or 2 or 3 together, short and
terminal. Flowers pendulous, apparently yellow, 8 to 9 lines long, resembling
those of B. scandens, but more contracted in,the middle, the petals slightly
spreading above the middle. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, finely pointed. Ovary
glabrous or slightly pubescent, 2-celled. Berry cylindrical, very obtuse —
Pronaya latifolia, 'T'urcz. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 363.

WV. Australia. S. coast towards Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 240; East
Mount Barren and Phillip's ranges, Maxwell; Point Henry, Oldfield.

4. B. cymosa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 29, and Pl. Vict. 1. 80.
Shrubby with the branches more or less twining or sometimes short am
flexuose, glabrous or the young parts and inflorescence silk y-pubescent.
Leaves usually lanceolate or oblong-linear, sessile or nearly so, obtuse or
shortly pointed, 1 to 2 in. long. Corymbs, in the typical form, several-
flowered, shortly pedunculate or nearly sessile. Sepals, in the same form,
lanceolate-subulate, glabrous or with appressed hairs. Petals 7 to 8 lines
long, spreading from above the middle, usually bluish or violet-purple.
Ovary glabrous or silky-pubescent, 2-celled. Style short, with a broad hollow
stigma. Berry oblong, with numerous seeds embedded in pulp.—B. cymosa
and B. pseudocymosa, Klatt, in Linnea, xxviii. 571.

Victoria. Desert on the Murray river and its lower tributaries, and scrubby barren
ridges in Bacchus marsh, F. Mueller,

S. Australia. Barren places and scrubby arid ranges from Guichen Bay to Men:
Bay and Mount Remarkable, not rare, rauging far inland, and frequent in Kangaroo Islan ,
F. Mueller.

Var. (?) sericophora. Usually much more silky-villous, especially the young shoots:
Leaves usually broader aud more distinctly petiolate, sometimes almost ovate. Flowers
greenish or pale yellow, few in closely sessile cymes or clusters, and often pendulous.
short, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Ovary very silky or villlous. Berry usually pubescent or
villous.— B. sericophora, F. Muell. in Linuma, xxv. 371; B. versicolor, F. Muell. ;

Billardiera] — XH. PITTOSPORES. 125

P. Linnea, xxviii. 571. Victoria and chiefly South Australia, F; Mueller. South coast, R,
rown.

I follow F, Mueller in referring this to a variety of B. cymosa, as he has no hesitation on
the point, and it docs in a few specimens appear to pass into the typical form , but the majority
of specimens seem to me to be rather more nearly connected with the pubescent-fruited
forms of B. scandens, and would have led me to adopt it as an independent intermediate
species.

5. B. variifolia, DC. Prod. i. 346. Shortly twining, with the young
shoots and inflorescence more or less hirsute, with short hairs. Leaves
sessile or nearly so, oblong or lanceolate and entire, or the lower ones
broader, cuneate and deeply toothed, the longest seldom above 1 in. long.
Flowers blue, on very short hirsute pedicels, in terminal corymbs, usually
dense and sessile, rarely looser, few-flowered, and shortly pedunculate.
Sepals lanceolate-subulate, hirsute with spreading hairs. Petals about 4 to
6 lines long, spreading from the middle. Ovary densely villous, with a short
subulate style. Berry cylindrical, narrow, acuminate, 2 to 1 in. long.—
Marianthus celestis, Putter. Syn. Pittosp. 23; Pronaya Huegeliana, Putterl.
in. Pl. Preiss. i. 204; Pronaya sericea, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 363,
and probably P. lanceolata, 'Turez. |. c. 364, which I have not seen.

W, Australia. Common about King George's Sound, R. Brown, Labillardiere, A.
Cunningham and others, to the Perongerup ranges, Mazwell ; also Drummond, n. 91.

Var. (?) rigida. Branches shorter, scarcely twining. Leaves crowded, narrow, rigid, above
2 in. long, recurved at the top, with the margins revolnte. Perhaps a distinct species.—
Marianthus venustus, Putterl. Syn. Pittosp. 23, from the character given.—With the
typical form, Fraser, Drummond, and others.

6. B. Lehmanniana, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 18. Glabrous except a very

slight pubescence on the inflorescence, with numerous erect or shortly twining
leafy branches. Leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong-linear, usually obtuse,
1 to 12 in. long, rather firm and flat. Flowers numerous, in pedunculate
terminal corymbs on slender pedicels. Sepals lanceolate-subulate. Petals
about 5 lines long, narrow-obovate, pointed, spreading from the middle,
Anthers short, sometimes slightly recurved. Ovary glabrous, 3-celled, with
a short style. Berry eylindrical.—Marianthus angustifolius, Putterl. in PI.
Preiss, i. 200; Pronaya angustifolia, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 233.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 79, and 5th Coll. n. 241,
Preiss, n. 1287,

1. PRONAYA, Hueg.

Petals spreading nearly from the base. Anthers narrow-oblong, about as
long as the filaments, recurved or revolute as soon as the flower opens.
vary imperfectly 2-celled, pubescent. Fruit succulent, oblong, indehiscent.
s globular or angular. ee sor
The genus is limi wing single Australian species, ouly differing from Biela:
diera, wih ice ake eegen sch it, in the em spreading corolla and in the
anthers ; the habit is that of the eymose Billardieras or of Cheiranthera. ;

l. P. elegans, Huey. Bot. Archiv. t. 6, Usually twining, with a close
silky pubescence on the young shoots and inflorescence, the older leaves and
branches glabrous. Lower leaves often coarsely toothed or lobed, the others
Sessile or nearly so, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 1j in. long, entire,

126 XII. PITTOSPOREX. [Pronaya.

rather firm, the margins recurved. Flowers bluish or white, in a dense
terminal corymb, sessile amongst the last leaves. -Petals about j in. long,
ovate, more spreading than in any Billardiera although less so at the base than
in Sollya. Ovary tomentose, and berry oblong-cylindrical, very much like
those of Billardiera variifolia.—Putterl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 203, Paxt. Mag. Bot.
xii. 99, with a fig.; Spiranthera Fraseri, Hook. in Bot. Mag. under t. 3523;
Campylanthera Fraseri, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 82.

W. Australia. Common about Swan River, Fraser, Huegel, Drummond, aud others.

Var. minor. More slender, and smaller. Leaves mostly about E in. long. Flowers
smaller.—P. speciosa, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 9?—S. coast, R. Brown, whose specimens

agree with the character given by Endlicher from Bauer's specimens. The other described.

Pronayas are true Bi/fardieras.

8. SOLL YA, Lindl.

Petals spreading from the base, obovate. Anthers longer than the fila-
ments, connivent in a cone round the pistil, and opening inwards by longi-
tudinal slits. Ovary 2-celled, with a short style. Berry oblong. Seeds
embedded in pulp.—Twiners. Leaves narrow. Flowers nodding, on slender
pedicels, in terminal loose few-flowered cymes, or rarely solitary.

The genus is limited to Australia. :

. Peduncles several flowered. Petals 4 to 5 lines. Berry oblong-cylin-
ünos WAh dosly Dacked EE aom qe m rice RS
Peduncles filiform, 1- to 3-flowered. Petals 3 lines. Berry slender, with p

WG s me o ee KSE ve wi 8. 8, BEE

1. S. heterophylla, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1466. Glabrous or the young
shoots, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence more or less silky-hairy. Stems
flexuose or twining, from a woody base. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to
ovate-oblong, and 1i to 2 in. long or rather more, to lanceolate or oblong-
linear, and 1 to 1} in., obtuse or slightly acuminate, rather coriaceous, quite
entire, usually narrowed into a very short petiole. Cymes terminal or leaf-
opposed, drooping, usually 4- to 8-flowered, but sometimes with 12 or more
flowers. Pedicels slender. Sepals narrow, acute, about 1 line long. Petals
4 to 5 lines, Ovary silky-pubescent. Berry cylindrical, obtuse, about 4#:
long and fully 3 lines thick, with a thin succulent pericarp. ` Seeds numerous,
closely packed in two rows in each cell, more or less angular or flattened by
mutual pressure.—Bot. Mag. t. 3523; Putterl. in PI. Preiss. i. 203; Billar-
diera fusiformis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 65. t. 90; DC. Prod. i. 345.

W. Australia. Common about King George's Sound, R. Brown, Labillarditre and
others, extending eastward along the coast beyond Stokes Inlet, Maxwell ; inland to ong!
ling range, and perhaps to Swan River, Drummond and others. Sr

Var. angustifolia. Branches less twining. Leaves narrow-lanceolate.— S. linearis Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 3. S. coast, R. Brown, Fraser, Drummond, ete.

2. S. parviflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 361. . Very much more
slender and twining than S. heterophylla, usually sprinkled with soft loose
hairs. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, the larger ones often rather more
than 1 in. long, but in some specimens all under 4 in., very shortly petiplate

*

1. S. heterophylla.

and thinner than in S. heterophylla. Flowers small, solitary, or 2 or 31n 9 `

*

cyme, on very fine filiform pedicels. Petals about 3 lines long. Berry WS :

-

Sollya.| XII. PITTOSPOREM. 127

Z in. long, 12 to 2 lines broad, tapering at both ends. Seeds globular, much
fewer than in S. heterophylla.

W. Australia, Drummond, ‘4th Coll. n. 99, 5th Coll. n. 238; Kojonerup hills, Herd.
Mueller,

Aerosollya Gilbertii, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 362, which I have not seen, may be
the same plant. The description agrees in every respect, even to the peculiar form of the
fruit, except that he describes the latter as dry and 2-valved, and it appears to be succulent
in S. parviffora. :

Sollya Drummondi, Morren, and S. salicifolia, Marnock, published in gardening works,
not in our botanical libraries, are unknown to me, but are most probably garden varieties of
S. heterophylla. E

9. CHEIRANTHERA, A. Cunn.
Petals spreading from nearly the base, obovate-oblong. Anthers longer

than the filaments, all turned towards one side, opening by two pores at the

top. Ovary 2-celled with a subulate style. Capsule oblong, hard, opening
loculicidally in 2 valves, the valves also splitting septicidally. Seeds nearly
globular.— Branches flexuose or twining. Leaves narrow. Flowers in ter-
minal corymbs or cymes, or drooping from terminal solitary pedicels.

The genus is limited to Australia.
Flowers several, corymbose.

Leaves flat or concave. Sepals lanceolate. Anthers not twice as
long as the filaments, and not attaining half the length of the

-

BEN: ooo E bho aie’ ai oe dic C Meri
Leaves thick or terete. Sepals narrow. Anthers fully twice as SS
long as the filaments and exceeding the half of the petals . . 2. C. filifolia.
Flowers solitary, on slender terminal pedicels. a
Leaves linear-terete or involute . . . - +. + + + + + + 9. O volubilis.

Leaves linear, flat, or revolute. . . + + ee . 4. C. parviflora.

l. C. linearis, 4. Cunn. in Bot. Reg. under t.1719. A low glabrous
shrub or undershrub, with erect twiggy branches of 6 in. to 1 ft., or rarely
longer. Leaves linear, acute or rather obtuse, $ to 13 in., or rarely 2 in.
long, entire or minutely toothed, flat, and 3 to 1 line broad, or the margins
ineurved, so as to be almost terete, with smaller leaves often clustered in the
axils. Flowers blue and showy. Sepals lanceolate, 2 to 23 lines long.
Petals 8 to 10 lines. Filaments short. Anthers rather longer, but not
reaching to the middle, and often not 3 of the length of the petals. Cap-
sule very like those of Marianthus pictus and lineatus, oblong, much flattened,
hard but dehiscent when quite ripe.—Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 47; Fl. des Serres,
viii. t. 856; P Muell. Fragm. i. 97; Pl. Viet. i. 76; C. cyanea, Brongn.
Voy. Coq. t. 71. D

N. S. Wales. Brushy forest country at the foot of Croker's range, frequent near
Bathurst, 4. Cunningham ; near Clifton iu New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria

ia. Barren stony ridges and hills, Mount M‘Ivor, and near the Ovens rauge, F.
Mueller,

S. Australia. Mount Barker, Whittaker ; Flinders range, Kangaroo island, Spencer's
Gulf and St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller.

2. C. filifolia, Zurez. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 364. Allied to C. li-

‘nearis, but the branches are more slender and often flexuose or almost twining.

ves very narrow, thick or almost terete, obtuse or scarcely pointed, some-

128 XII. PITTOSPOREJE. (Cheirauthera.

times none of them exceeding 3 or 4 lines, at others the upper ones above 1
in. long. Flowers blue, smaller than in C. linearis. Sepals linear or narrow-
lanceolate, 1 to 2 lines long. Petals 5 to 6 lines. Anthers longer and nar-
rower than in C. Jinearis, usually twice as long as the filaments, and exceeding
the half and often reaching two-thirds of the petal.— C. tortilis, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 79.

W. Australia. S. coast 2, Drummond, Coll. 1850, n. 94, Oldfield ; river entering
Stokes Inlet, Maxwell, S

Var. brevifolia. Branches short, with crowded leaves, mostly 3 to 4 lines long.—C. brevi-
folia, F. Muell., Fragm. i. 97, and ii. 180; Phillips’ range, also Plantagenet and Stirling
ranges, F. Mueller. Drammond’s specimens connect the short-leaved with the long-leaved
forms.

3. C. volubilis, Benth. A slender glabrous twiner. Leaves narrow-
linear, thick, with the margins involute or terete, with a short recurved point,
mostly about 4 in. long. Peduncles slender, terminal, with a single drooping
flower. Sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, about 2 lines long. Petals
about j in. Anthers scarcely so long as the filaments, very obtuse, and not
reaching to the half of the petals. Ovary shorter than in C. linearis, with a
long subulate style. Fruit not seen.

S. Australia. Scrub in Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

4. C. parviflora, Benth. Slender and glabrous or slightly pubescent,
the branches either short and flexuose or elongated and twining. Leaves
sessile or nearly so, from broadly oblong-lanceolate or almost ovate-lanceolate
and 1j in. long to linear and $ in. or less, usually obtuse and the margins
always revolute, sometimes slightly hirsute on the upper side. Flowers as m
C. volubilis, on long terminal simple filiform peduncles, but smaller. Sepals
seldom above 1 line, petals about 4. or 5 lines long. Anthers rather longer
than the slender filaments and reaching to about half the length of the petals.
Ovary glabrous, with a subulate style.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843, the specimens x. 34, very twining, with larger
and broader leaves, and a. 80 less twining, with smaller narrower leaves.

C. Preissiana, Putterl. Pl. Preiss. i. 201, if a Cheiranthera at all, differs from the last
species in its hirsute branches and leaves, but the flowers are unknown, and the fragments I

Ss seen are in leaf only, something like those of Billardiera variifolia or of Pronaya
elegans.

Orper XIIT. TREMANDREZ.

_ Flowers regular. Sepals 4 or 5, very rarely 3, free, valvate in the bud.
Petals as many, hypogynous, spreading, induplicate-valvate in the bud. Sta-
mens twice as many, hypogynous, free; filaments short; anthers oblong Or
linear, 2- or 4-celled, opening in a single terminal pore. ‘Torus small or
rarely expanded into a disk between the petals and stamens. Ovary sessile
or nearly so, usually 2-celled; style filiform, deciduous, entire or minutely
2-lobed. Ovules solitary in each cell, or 2, one above the other, or rarely an
additional small collateral one, pendulous, anatropous, with a ventral raphe.

Capsule usually flattened, 2-celled, opening loculicidally at the edges. ` Seeds 1

pendulous, the raphe usually expanded at the chalazal extremity into a twi wi
or strophiola-like appendage, rarely wanting ; the testa crustaceous, glabrous E

XIII. TREMANDRE®. 129

or hairy ; albumen fleshy or almost cartilaginous. Embryo small, straight,
with a superior radicle.—Shrubs usually heath-like, glabrous or glandular-
hairy, with small alternate opposite or verticillate leaves, rarely with a stellate
tomentum and larger leaves. Flowers solitary, on axillary pedicels, usually
red or purple. In many species, as in Piffosporez and Polygalee, a flower
may here and there be found with a 3-merous ovary and fruit.

The Order is strictly confined to Australia, and although showing some affinity with Cheir-
anthera in Pittosporee, as well as with Po/ygate@ proper, it is yet very different from
either; the connection with Zasiopeta/ez, insisted upon by Steetz, appears to rest almost
entirely on the valvate calyx, and on an occasional resemblance in habit, which is, however,
partaken in by Bauera and several other genera of Australian heath-like shrubs, which have
little else in common,

Anthers continnous with the filament, Leaves alternate or whorled,
glabrous or glandular hairy.
Anthers 2-celled, or with 4 cells, 2 in front of the 2 others. Seeds
with an appendage at the chalaza wo Pires. eda Poo e ETRATHECA,
Anthers 4-celled, the 4 cells on the same plane. Seeds without ap-
BENE 0. dE ak Ibo Acacia E eo
Anthers artienlate on the filament. Leaves opposite, with stellate
hairs, Seeds with an appendage. . . . . die Au

2, PLATYTHECA,

8. TREMANDRA.

1. TETRATHECA, Sm.

Stamens apparently in a single series, the anthers continuous with the fila-
ment, 2-celled, or 4-celled with 2 of the cells in front of the 2 others, more
or less contracted into a tube at the top. Disk none. Capsule opening only
at the edges. Seeds with an appendage at the chalazal end usually contorted,
—Glabrous or glandular-hairy. Leaves alternate, verticillate or scattered,
heath-like and entire, or flat and toothed, or reduced to minute scales.

§ 1. Stems terete, leafy (except T. subaphylla). Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, Seeds
hairy. (Eastern or southern species.)

Leaves mostly verticillate. Ovules usually 2, superposed, or, if solitary,
attached below the summit of the cell.

Leaves ovate, obovate, or orbicular, flat. Sepals ovate, obtuse or 1. 7. ciliata
scarcely acute, often reflexed - . 9 + +, * 9 a otn T
Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute, with the margins recurved. Sepals 9. T. thymifolia

acute or acuminate, not relexed . . . + © * * 5 * * * 3. T. erieifolia i
Leaves linear, the margins revolute. Sepals not reflexed. . . . % 4 e

Leaves rarely subverticillate. Ovules solitary, suspended from the sum-

Y mit of the cell, ` Lob povate, much narrowed

ery glandular, Leaves elliptical-oblong or obovate, m

desen Piai java: borite LETS gov Xe Bye
Glabrous or hispid, rarely glandular. Leaves linear, or, if broader, b. T. ale

obtuse at the base. Petals oblong or scarcely obovate . . . . 5. T pilosa.
Glabrous and somewhat glaucous. Leaves all, or nearly all, reduced

S mele. o ioeo 4e oro tun uh

8 2. Stems very angular or flat, almost leafless. Ovules 2 or 4 in each cell. Seeds
hairy. (Eastern and western species.)
. T. juncea.
Stems often 3-angled. Flowers 4-merous. Anther-tubes very short . 7
Stems flat, Sopiani. Flowers 5-merous. Anther-tubes long. « . 8. T. wg
VOL. I.

6. T. subaphylla.

a "ees

130 XIIT. TREMANDRE.E. [ Tetratheca.

8 3. Stems terete, leafy, or almost leafless. Ovules solitary in each cell. Seeds
glabrous and shining. (Western species.)
Leaves minute and distant, or linear-terete and alternate,
Leaves minute and distant. Flowers 5-merous. Ovary glandular-
SOU ee EE S c ee
Leaves either minute and distant or not crowded. Flowers 4-merous.
Ovary glabroak Si LU6 PV ek ogi S6 SCH Trga
Leaves crowded. Flowers 5-merous, Ovary glandular-hirsute. . 11. Z. confertifolia.
. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or ovate.
Leaves glabrous underneath, except the setze of the midrib . . . 12. T. setigera.
Leaves softly pubescent underneath.
Leaves ovate, flat. Setee long and numerous . her Salve wies
Leaves lanceolate, much revolute, occasionally verticillate. Sete
fam See ORTA . . 14, T. hirsuta.
Leaves mostly verticillate or opposite.
Leaves villous underneath, often alternate . SEV D a Pas
Leaves glabrous underneath or pubescent on the midrib, verticillate
in threes or fours, very rarely alternate.
Anthers purple, the tubular process as long as the cells. :
Leaves glabrous or ciliate, or rarely hirsute above . . . . 15. T. viminea.
Leaves coriaceous, scabrous or pubescent, not ciliate. . . . 16. T. pubescens.
Anthers yellow, contracted into a very short tube . . . . . 17. T. pilifera.
Leaves membranous, lanceolate-linear, flat, opposite or verticillate. i
Anthers very short and curved, with a slender tube . . . . 18. 7. filiformis.

1. T. ciliata, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 206. An undershrub
with slender erect or diffuse stems, of 1 to 2 or rarely 3 ft., very shortly and
roughly pubescent or glabrous. Leaves almost all verticillate in threes or
fours, broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, obtuse or slightly pointed, rarely ex-
ceeding } in. and mostly smaller, the margins flat or scarcely recurved, ciliate
or rarely glabrous. Pedicels usually longer than the leaves. Sepals broadly
ovate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, about 1 line long, more spreading than
in the following species, and sometimes reflexed, bearing like the pedicels a
few black glandular hairs or setze. Petals obovate-oblong, about $ in. long.
Anther-tubes short. Ovary pubescent, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell,
and occasionally a third collateral one. Capsule broad, 2 to 4 lines long.
Seeds hairy.—Hook. ‘Ie. Pl. t. 268; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 34; F. Muell
Pl. Viet. i. 181; T. bauerafolia, F. Muell. in Schuch. Syn. Trem. 29.

. Victoria. Port Phillip, A. Brown ; frequent on heathy ground and barren ae?
ridges in many parts of the colony, not ascending to the Alps, F. Mueller, Mitchell, ant `

9. T. nuda.

13. T. hispidissima,

‘Tasmania. Sandy heaths, Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; month of the Tamar and other
parts of the north of the island, Gunn,

2. T. thymifolia, Sm. Frot. Bot. i. 41. ¢. 22. Intermediate between `
T. ciliata and T. ericifolia, it has usually the tall habit of the former, but 5 `

much more pubescent or hirsute. Leaves almost all verticillate in threes OF ` “a
fours, ovate-elliptical or lanceolate, the margins more or less recurved or T^ — |

volute. Flowers of T. ciliata, except that the sepals are usually ovate-lanceo-

late, more acute or acuminate than in either of the two allied species, D —

seldom reflexed. Ovary glabrous, or more frequently pubescent. Ovules
fruit and seeds of T. ciliata.—DC. Prod. i. 343.
Queensland. Glasshonses, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller. iem
N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Herb. Smith, A. Cunningham,

Tetratheca.] XIII. TREMANDRER. 131

and others ; brushy forest north of Bathurst, A. Cunningham ; northward to Hastings river,
Beckler, and southward to "T wofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Heathy mountain tracts, frequent, F. Mueller.

F. Mueller considers this and the two following species as varieties only of 7. pilosa, but
T. thymifolia, especially the broad-leaved Queensland form, appears to me nearer to 7
ciliata than to T. ericifplia, and 1 cannot find the more or less open calyx so constant a
character as the foliage, indefinite as that may often be. At any rate, if the whule series be
divided into two species, the one would seem rather to include 7. ciliata, thymifolia, and
ericifolia, with leaves mostly verticillate, pedicels usually longer than the leaves, and ovules
generally two, superposed ; whilst the other, formed of 7. glandulosa and pilosa, has the
leaves scattered, rarely verticillate, the pedicels short, and ovules solitary in each cell, in-
serted at the top.

3. T. ericifolia, Sm. Ero. Bot. i. 37. 1. 20. A heath-like undershrub,
more branched and diffuse than the two preceding species, rarely attaining 1
ft., minutely and roughly pubescent or nearly glabrous, very rarely shortly
hirsute. Leaves mostly verticillate, but not so regularly so as in the last two
Species, narrow-linear, with the margins closely- revolute or rarely oblong-
lanceolate and more open, mostly under 3 in. Flowers on slender pedicels,
usually longer than the leaves. Sepals as in 7. ciliata, ovate, obtuse or

"scarcely aente, but not reflexed. Ovary glabrous or rarely pubescent, with 2
superposed ovules in each cell, or rarely a single ovule attached below the top
of the cell. Capsule obovate-cuneate. Seeds hairy—DC. Prod. i. 343 ;
Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soe. viii. t. 11.

a S. Wales. Very abundant about Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 234, and
ers.

. Var. rubieoides, Leaves broader, less revolute and more regularly verticillate, almost
like those of T. thymifolia, but glabrous or shortly pubescent, and the sepals obtuse as in 7.
ericifol'ia.-—T rubicoides, A. Cunn. in Field. N. S. Wales, 335.—Rocky declivities of the
Blue Mountains, 4. Cunningham.

4. T. glandulosa, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 96. t. 123. Rather coarse
and much branched, often exceeding 2 ft. in height, more or less densely pu-
bescent or hirsute with glandular hairs. Leaves scattered, not verticillate,
usually elliptical-oblong, acute or obtuse, 3 to 5 lines long, the margins
ngidly ciliate or almost toothed and slightly revolute, always narrowed at the

ase. Pedicels rarely exceeding the leaves. Sepals ovate, acute, about 1 line
long. Petals broad, about 4 or 5 lines. Anther-tubes often more elongated
than in the allied species. Ovary glandular, with 1 ovule, suspended as in
T. pilosa from the summit of each cell, with very rarely a second collateral
abortive one, Capsule obovate. Seeds hairy.—DC. Prod. i. 343; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i, 34.

Victoria. Ranges near Avon river in Gipps’ Land, and dry scrubby hills between
Ovens and Broken geg F. Mueller. Some of the Avon river specimens referred hcre by
F. Mueller, have the leaves remarkably broad, sometimes almost orbicular. ies
n e sage Derwent river, R. Brown; heathy places abundant throughout the island,
d. D. Hooker. :

The N. S. Wales specimens, often referred to this species, belong to the following one.

5. T. pilosa, Zei. Pl. Nov. Holl.i. 95. 4. 122. Much branched and

heath.]i ispi glandular, and seldom much
ike, glabrous or hispid, but not generally glandt VIS Mie margins

exceeding 1 or 14 ft. in height. Leaves usually linear,
much revolute, 4 to 6 lines long, but in very luxuriant shoots they are erg
times broadly lanceolate or oblong, but with an obtuse base. ui scarcely

132 XIII. TREMANDREÆ. [ Tetratheca.

so large as in T. glandulosa, and often much smaller with narrow petals, the
pedicels usually shorter than the leaves. Sepals ovate, obtuse or acute. Ovary
glabrous or pubescent, with a single ovule suspended from the summit of each
cell. Capsule obovate. Seeds hairy.—DC. Prod. i. 343; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 35 ; T. ericoides, Planch. in Fl. des Serres, x. 229, t. 1065 ; T. calva, Schuch.
Syn. Trem. 25; T. ericifolia, var., F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 182.

N. S. Wales. About Port Jackson, but apparently rare.

Victoria. Not frequent, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, etc., R, Brown; abundant throughout the island, J. D.
Hooker. i

S. Australia. Lofty ranges, Whittaker ; common towards Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. denticulata, with narrow revolute leaves, as in 7. pilosa, but with a few glandular
hairs on the calyx and pedicels, the leaves occasionally opposite, thus in some measure con-
necting 7. pilosa with T. ericifolia, but the flowers and ovules are those of the former.
—About Port Jackson, from several collections.— T. denticulata, Sieb. Pl. Exs. n. 236, and
in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 147; 7. glandulosa, Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 39, t. 21, Rudge, in
Trans, Linn. Soc. viii. 294, t. 10, but not of Labillardiére.

Var. (?) procumbens. Glabrous, procumbent, slender, and much branched, with smaller
flowers ou shorter pedicels than in the common state of 7. pi/osa.— T. procumbens, Gunn,
in Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 35, t. 7, A. (with red flowers); T. calva, B, pulchella, Schuch. `
Syn. Trem. 27; T. Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 36, t. 7, B. (with numerous white
flowers).—On the Western Mountains of Tasmania, and on heathy plains near the sea,

as Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; the slender white-flowered variety on the Asbestos
Mis,

l have considerable doubts whether this elegant Tasmanian variety may not prove per-
manently distinct.

6. T. subaphylla, Benth. Stems almost leafless, erect or flexuose,
rush-like, terete, branching, often 1 to 2 ft. long, glabrous and somewhat glau-
cous, not glandular. Leaves few, scattered chiefly on the shorter barren
branches, small, lanceolate, flat, narrowed at the base; occasionally 2 or 3
attain a length of 3 in. or more; all the rest reduced to minute distant bracts.
Flowers like those of 7. pilosa, but smaller, on very short pedicels, in the axils
of minute bracts along the leafless branches.— 7. ericifolia, var., F. Muell. Pi.
Vict. i. 183.

Victoria. Woody mountain ranges at the sources of Genoa river, F. Mueller.

7. T. juncea, Sm. Bot. Nov. Hall. 5. (. 9. Rootstock thick and woody,
with erect or ascending slender rush-like or wiry stems, 1 to 2 ft. long, with
2 or 3 acute angles or very narrow wings, the whole breadth of the stem and
wings rarely exceeding 1 line. Leaves few, small and distant, linear or lan-
ceolate, mostly minute and scale-like, rarely 3 lines long. Pedicels in the
axils of the upper minute leaves, filiform, 2 to 4 lines long. Sepals 4, small,
ovate, obtuse. Petals 4, about 4 lines long. Anthers tapering into very
short tubes. Ovary glabrous, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell. Ca
obovate. Seeds villous—DC. Prod. i. 343; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 78.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 235, M' Arthur, and others. d

8. T. affinis, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 1. Glabrous, with long, winged,
apparently leafless branches, at first sight closely resembling T. juncea, but
the stems have always only 2 angles or narrow wings, the leaves are still fewer
and more minute, the sepals and petals are in fives, and the anthers are D
nutely pubescent, and suddenly contracted into a slender tubular process a$ `

Tetratheca. | XIII. TREMANDRE, 133

long as themselves or nearly so. Ovary slightly glandular, with 2 ovules in
each cell. Capsule broadly ovate or obovate, shortly pointed, 3 to 5 lines
long, with membranous valves. Seeds hairy.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Huegel ; Drummond, Coll. 1843,
n. 13, and others; Gordon river, Oldfield.

Var. platycaula, Branches, including the wings, often 2 lines broad. Flowers and cap-
sules rather larger, and 4 ovules in superposed pairs in each cell of the ovary.—Drummond,
Coll, 1843, n. 115; Blackwood and Stirling ranges, Oldfield.

9. T. nuda, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 38. Glabrous or with a few glan-
dular hairs at the base of the stem, and sometimes on the pedicels and
sepals. Rhizome woody, with numerous erect, slender, rigid but rush-like
stems, cylindrical, without prominent angles, 2 to 14 ft. high, often ending
in an almost pungent point. Leaves very minute and distant, or a very few
linear or oblong ones 2 or 3 lines long. Pedicels slender, 2 to 3 lines long.
Sepals and petals 5 each. Anthers tapering into a tubular process, very short
in the typical form, and of the same colour as the rest. Ovary covered with `
rather long glandular hairs, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule obovate,
glandular-hairy. Seeds glabrous, smooth and shining.

Ir Asasin, Darling range, Collie, Oldfield ; Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll.,
njorda,

a spartea, Planch. in Herb. Hook. ‘Tubular process of the anthers nearly as long as
the cells. — Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 101 and 104.

10. T, virgata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 212. Very nearly allied to 7.
nuda, and perhaps a variety, but the branches are much more slender, often
filiform, glabrous or scabrous, with a few glandular hairs : the leaves are much
more frequently developed, especially on the barren branches, where however
they are still few and distant, linear with revolute margins, 2 to 3 lines loug ;
the flowers appear to be always 4-merous, and the anthers more abruptly
contracted into a slender tube, usually of a paler colour, and as long as the
cells. Ovary glabrous, with uniovulate cells. Capsule obovate, about 3 lines
long, with smooth shining seeds. :

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll, n. 243, Preiss, n. 1332, iu part ;

Mount Barker, Kalgan and Blackwood rivers, Oldfield. : :
Var. setigera, Steetz, l e. 213. Stems very scabrous, and ofteu with reflexed bristly
hairs. Leaves more numerous.—Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1333.

ll. T. confertifolia, S/eeíz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 214. Stems numerous, -
erect and simple, or branched and diffuse or ascending, usually 6 to 9 in. long,
roughly pubescent. Leaves crowded but not verticillate, linear, obtuse, shi
3 lines long, the margins much revolute so as to be almost terete, hispid es
rigid hairs, Pedicels 3 to nearly 1 in. long. Flowers 5-merous. Sepals
lanceolate. Petals rather narrow, 4 to 5 lines long. Anthers glabrous or
slightly tuberculate, tapering into’a tube about as long as the cells and I
of the same colour. Ovary glandular-hispid, with 1 ovule in each = eee e
glandular-pubescent, obovate-cuneate, about 3 lines long. ` Seeds p

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 244; Darling ranges, Preiss,
n, 1328, 1329. Si e

12. T. setige Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 8. Stems rather rigid, not

much sisted eat about 1 ft. high, hispid with spreading bristly hairs, or,

134 XIII. TREMANDREX. ( Tetratheca.

when these are worn off, rough with their tubercular bases. Leaves sessile,
not crowded, scattered, from ovate-lanceolate to linear-oblong, obtuse, mostly
1 to 4 in. long, the margins revolute, obtuse at the base, scabrous or setose
_ on the upper side, glabrous and glaucous underneath, except a few setze on
the midrib. Pedicels very slender, 3 to 6, or rarely 7 or 8 lines long, more
thickened and turbinate under the flower than in most other species. Flowers
5-merous. Sepals glabrous. Petals rather narrow, 4 to 6 lines long. An-
thers glabrous, their tubular points rather shorter than the cells. Ovary gla-
brous, with l-ovulate cells. Capsule usually ripening only 1 glabrous shining
seed, with an unusually large strophiola.— 7. elongata, Schuch. Syn. Trem.
38.

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, and many others; Swan River,
Preiss, n. 1322 (from a bad specimen in Herb. Sonder), Harvey; Blackwood and Kalgan
rivers and Bald Island, Oldjidtd.

13. T. hispidissima, Sieetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 217? Branches much
elongated, minutely pubescent and hispid with numerous very long spreading
seta. Leaves ovate, sessile, or very shortly petiolate, obtuse, 3 to $ in. long,
with flat edges, hirsute with scattered hairs above, bordered with a few long
setze, softly pubescent or villous underneath. Pedicels slender, 4 to $ in. long,
with the turbinate summit of T. setigera, glabrous or with a very few sete.
Flowers of 7. setigera. Auther-tubes slender, fully as long as the cells. Ovary
pubescent with appressed hairs.

WV. Australia. Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 46; King George's Sound, Preiss, n.
1316.

I have not seen Preiss's specimen, deseribed by Steetz, and am therefore not quite confi-
dent of having correctly referred his name to Drummond's plant.

14. T. hirsuta, Lindl. Swan Riv. Ann. 39. and Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 61.
Stems rather rigid and erect, 3 to 14 ft. high, minutely pubescent and often
hispid with a few long spreading reddish hairs. “Leaves mostly alternate,
but here and there a few verticillate, from ovate-lanceolate to oblong-linear,
obtuse, all under 4 in. in the smaller specimens, nearly 1 in. long when lux-
uriant, the margins recurved, with an obtuse base, more or less hirsute above,
villous or pubescent underneath. Pedicels slender, 2 to 1 in. long, Very
slightly thickened under the calyx. Flowers rather large. Sepals lanceolate.
Petals oblong. Anthers smooth or slightly rough, the tube about as long as
the cells. Ovary glabrous or slightly glandular, with 1 ovule in each cell.
Seeds glabrous, shining.—Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiii. 53, with a fig.; T. rubriseta,

Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 38; T. epilobioides and T. aculeata, Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. i. 218.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, and many others; Harvey river, Oldfield,
a Keng with smaller flowers, apparently white, with a purple spot at the base, and shorter
anthers.

15. T. viminea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App.38. Stems rather slender, erect,
little branched except at the base, sometimes only 6 in., but usually 1 to 1$
ft. high, glabrous or with a few long spreading setze, rarely mixed with a few
short hairs. Leaves on the main stems usually ovate obovate or orbieular,
3 to 5 lines long, rather thin, nearly flat, glabrous or ciliate, or very rarely
hirsute above, glabrous underneath, those of the side branches or the upper

Tetratheca.] XIII. TREMANDREJF. 135

floral ones often narrow-lanceolate and much revolute, all in whorls of 3 or 4,
or very rarely the upper ones alternate. Pedicels slender, about 4 in. long.
Flowers 5-merous. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Petals rather narrow. Anthers
purple, short and scabrous, abruptly contracted into a tube as long as the
cells. Ovary glabrous or slightly glandular, with 1 ovule in each cell. Cap-
sule obovate. Seeds smooth and shining.— 7. gracilis, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
i. 215 (founded on slender side branches).

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. and 1848, n. 108, Preiss, n.
1327 and 1335 ; Harvey, Preston, Blackwood, and Vasse rivers, Ordfield.

16. T. pubescens, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 141. Very nearly
allied to T. viminea, and perhaps a variety only, but the slender rigid branches
as well as the upper side of the leaves are often rough with a minute pubes-
cence and the long spreading setze very rare, the leaves, from ovate to lanceo-
late, are thicker and almost coriaceous, and often marked on each side with
l or 2 coarse teeth. Pedicels shorter and not so slender. Sepals ovate,
obtuse, rarely above 1 line long. Anthers more gradually attenuated into a
shorter tube.— 7 tenuiramea, 'Yurcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 142.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1845, n. 245 and 209. The latter speci-
mens distinguished by Turczaninow under the name of 7. texwiramea, only differ in their
branches rather more slender.

17. T. pilifera, Lindl. in Swan Riv. App. 38. Allied to T. viminea,
but usually smaller and more branched, and readily distinguished by the an-
thers. Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high, slender, and more or less pubescent or hir-
sute with stiff hairs, but with few of the long setze except at the nodes, and
sometimes almost glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4, from ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 2 to 5 lines long, often toothed, glabrous or roughly pubescent on
the upper side, with a few hairs on the midrib underneath. Pedicels $ to $
in. long. Flowers rather smaller than in T. viminea, usually 5-merous, but
occasionally 4-merous. Sepals ovate or almost lanceolate. Filaments, al-
though short, very slender. Anthers pale-coloured, nearly straight, scarcely
furrowed, slightly tapering into a very short tube. Ovary slightly glandular,
with 1 ovule in each cell. Seeds smooth and shining.— 4. Preissiana, Steetz,
in Pl. Preiss. i. 219; 7, micrantha, Schuch. Syn. Trem. 43 (from the cha-
= iig | 3 108, Preiss, n

W. A i i mmond, Let Coll. and 1843, n. , Preiss, n.
1323; Bets aia AE pen seen Preiss's n. 1324 from which Z. micrantha
was described.

18. T. filiformis, Bent. Branches in our specimens very long and
slender, glabrous or bearing above the internodes a few short spreading pur-
ple hairs. Leaves opposite or occasionally in whorls of 3, very rarely 4, nar-
row-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 3 to $ in. long, thinner than in ponti.
flat, obtuse at the base, glabrous. Pedicels very slender, more than 1 sh ied
Sepals ovate-lanceolate, about 1 line. Petals obovate-oblong, 4 to E n
Anthers dark purple, short, much curved, very angular, with KE? RS x
as long as the cells. Ovary glabrous or slightly glandular, with 1 ov
each cell, ;

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1848, n. 197 and 181. Franklin
river, Herb. Muell. - T

136 . XIII. TREMANDREE.

2. PLATYTHECA, Steetz.

Stamens in 2 distinct series, the anthers continuous with the filament ; with
4 parallel cells in a single plane, contracted into a tube at the top. Disk
“none. Capsule opening loculicidally at the edge, with the valves splitting.
septicidally. Seeds glabrous, without appendage.—A heath-like shrub, with
verticillate leaves.

1. P. galioides, Stectz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 220. An erect heath-like shrub
or undershrub, with slender terete branches, sometimes quite glabrous, but
more frequently with a little tuft of hairs at each node, and often pubescent
below the nodes. Leaves usually about 8 in a whorl, narrow-linear, some-
times very acute and pungent, sometimes almost obtuse or with slightly re-
curved points, about 4 in. long, with the margins often revolute so as to be
almost terete or 3-angled, glabrous or rough, with a few scattered short rigid —
hairs. Pedicels slender, 3 to 1 in. long, Sepals narrow-lanceolate, acute, 3
to 4 lines long. Petals nearly 3 in., blue with a dark spot at the base. An-
thers short and broad, with long slender tubes. Ovary glabrous, with 2 su-

erposed ovules in each cell. Capsule about 3 lines long.—P. crucianella,
Steetz, l.c. 221; P. crassifolia, Steetz, Le, 222; Tetratheca verticillata, Paxt.
Mag. Bot. xiii. 171, with a fig. : Tremandra verticillata, Hueg. in Walp. Ann.
i. 76 (the fig. quoted from Parad. Vind. is not yet published).

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 102, Preiss, n. 1320, 1330,
1331 (also 1321, which I have not seen) ; Preston, Kalgan, and Vasse rivers, Oldfield.

3. TREMANDRA, R. Br.

Stamens apparently in a single series, the anthers articulate on the short
filiform filaments, 2-celled, not attenuated into a tube, although opening by à
single terminal pore in 2 short valves. Disk crenate, almost 5-lobed, between
the petals and stamens. Capsule opening at the edges. Seeds with an ap-
pendage or strophiola at the chalazal end.—Shrubs with stellate hairs or
tomentum. Leaves opposite, toothed.

Densely tomentose. Leaves 1 in. or more. Pedicels shorter than the

MONS et VEU VIP ap gs e T
Slender, with minute scattered stellate hairs. Leaves under Zin. Pe- :
dicels longer, filiform. . . . Ted ; iT... Alpe RUM

l. T. stelligera, R. Br. in DC. Prod.i.344. A shrub of 2 ft. or
more, densely clothed with stellate hairs sometimes short and tomentose ot
almost floceose, sometimes long and hirsute. Leaves opposite, shortly petio-
late, ovate, obtuse, 1 to 14 in. long, coarsely and irregularly toothed or rarely
entire. Pedicels shorter than the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, tomentose or
villous, 2 to 3 lines long. Petals but little longer, Anthers rather longer
than their filaments, dark-purple, hirsute pubescent or glabrous, truncate
or oblique at the top. Ovary densely pubescent, with 2 superposed ovules m
each cell. Capsule broadly ovate, pubescent. Seeds more or less silky-pu-
bescent, with a large hooked appendage at the chalazal end.—Z. oppositifolia,
Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. i. 222.

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, and many others.

Tremandra.] XIII. TREMANDREJX. 137

Var. hispida. Branches and leaves rigidly hirsute. Anthers glabrous. Capsule nar-
rower than in the normal form, with smaller seeds, and a shorter appendage, Drummond, n.
161, 194 and 217, Coll. 1843.

2. T. diffusa, H Br. in DC. Prod. 1.3414. Slender and diffuse, the branches
often filiform and spreading to l or 14 ft., glabrous or minutely pubescent.
Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, 3 to 5 lines long, more or less toothed, -gla-
brous above, rough underneath, with very short scattered stellate hairs. Pe-
dicels filiform, often longer than the leaves, although sometimes short. Sepals
about 1 line. Petals 14 lines long. Anthers pale, almost glabrous, not
longer than the filaments. Ovary villous or pubescent, with 2 superposed
ovules in each cell, Capsule broader than long, didymous, pubescent. Seeds
silky-pubescent, with a short straight appendage at the chalazal end.

aes Australia. Rocky hills, King George's Sound, R. Brown, Drummond, n. 216,
lfield. e

Opnrn XIV. POLYGALEZ,

. Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular. Sepals 5, free, much imbricate, the 2
inner ones usually larger and petal-like. Petals 3 or 5, rarely all free, most
frequently 2 or 4 in pairs united at the base with the lower concave or helmet-
shaped petal or keel and often with the staminal tube. Stamens 8, rarely 5 or
4, usually united to above the middle in a sheath open on the upper side.
Anthers erect, 1- or 2-celled, usually opening by a single terminal or oblique
pore. Torus small, or rarely expanded into a disk within the stamens. Ovary
free, 2-celled or rarely 1-celled, or in a few flowers 3- to 5-celled. Style simple,
usually curved at the top, with a variously shaped entire or 2-lobed stigma.
Ovules usually solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropous with a ventral
raphe. Seeds pendulous, the crustaceous testa often hairy, and bearing a
caruncle at the hilum or at the opposite end. Albumen fleshy or rarely defi-
cient. Embryo straight, with flat, convex, or rarely thick and fleshy cotyle-
dons.— Herbs, undershrubs, or small shrubs, rarely (in genera or species not
Australian) tall shrubs, climbers or trees, glabrous or hairy, but without stel-
late hairs, Leaves usually alternate and entire, without stipules, very rarely
Opposite. Flowers solitary or in spikes or racemes, rarely paniculate, the
pedicels usually articulate at the base, with a subtending bract, and 2 brac-
teoles,

A considerabl i i over nearly the whole globe. Of the three Aus-
tralian genera, Sue tee ech Stied diffused of the whole Order, here re-
presented by a very few species of an Asiatic or African type; another is Asiatic, of which
one species extends to Australia; the third is endemic.

Sepals — equal. Anthers 4 or 5. Flowers minute, in terminal
spika car roa ee iR E E E es
Inner sepals larger and petal-like. Anthers 8.
Capsule citu eg scarcely contracted at the base. Seeds not
comose,

Lateral petals united with the carina (which is always crested in the
Australian species) 4. ox. o VO oH. c s
Lateral petals adnate to the staminal column, but distinct from the

carina, which is nob érested o s 00.9. 6 on nons

Capsule cuneate, very narrow at the base. Seed hairs forming a

pem s.n p.

1. SALOMONIA.

9. PoLYGALa.

9. COMESPERMA,

8. CoMESPERMA.

D D D D D LI

138 XIV. POLYGALEJE.

1. SALOMONIA, Lour.

Sepals nearly equal, the 2 innermost rather larger. Petals 3, united in a
single corolla open on the upper side, the keel not crested. Stamens united
nearly to the top into a sheath open on the upper side, and adhering to the:
corolla at the base ; anthers 4 or 5. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule thin, flat, ob-
cordate or transversely oblong, usually ciliate, opening loculicidally at the
edges. Seeds orbicular, with a minute or without any caruncle.—Small slen-
der herbs, either annual or parasitical on roots. Leaves alternate, sometimes
reduced to minute scales. Flowers very small, in terminal spikes.

The few species known are all natives of tropical Asia, the most common one extending
into tropical Australia; but none have yet been found in Africa.

1. S. oblongifolia, DC. Prod. i. 334. A slender glabrous annual,
erect and simple, or slightly branched at the base, 3 to 5, or rarely 6 m. high.
Leaves sessile, the larger ones oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, and scarcely above 1
broad, the lower ones small and ovate. Flowers piuk, scarcely a line long,
in terminal leafless racemes or loose spikes of about an inch or rarely longer.
Capsule about 1 line broad, but not so long, flattened, didymous, bordered
with a fringe of hairs or slender teeth.—Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 19; S. obovata,
Wight, Illustr. t. 22.

Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Brown (Hb. R. Br). Common in the warmer dis-
tricts of India, from Ceylon and the Peniusula to the Archipelago and the Philippine Islands.

2. POLYGALA, Linn.

Sepals unequal, the 2 innermost, or wings, large and petal-like. Petals 3,
united in a single corolla open on the upper side, the keel bearing a crest-like
appendage on the back near the top, or rarely (in species not Australian) 5-
Jobed. Stamens 8, united to above the middle in a sheath open on the upper
side, and adnate to the petals at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Style various.
Capsule thin or rarely coriaceous, flattened, obovate, ovate, or orbicular,
usually notched at the top, opening loculicidally a£ the edges. Seeds ovate
or oblong, hairy or glabrous, but the hairs not lengthened into a coma, with
or without a caruncle at the hilum.—Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves
usually alternate or whorled. Racemes or spikes terminal or lateral, rarely
axillary.

_A very large genus, abundant in tropical countries, and generally also in temperate re-
gious, except in Australia, where it is, with one exception, limited to the tropical districts,
and in New Zealand, where it is entirely absent. Of the 7 Australian species, 3 are widely

spread over tropical Asia, and the 4 others, although endemic, are nearly connected also with
corresponding Asiatic ones.

Perennial. Style with 2 stigmatic lobes one above the other. Seeds
obovate, shortly villous S

Annuals, Seeds oblong villous, the hairs much longer at the end
furthest from the hilnm,

Racemes long, terminal, Inner sepals petaloid, obtuse. Crest

fringed. Stigma simple, terminal, capitate. . . . .

. Racemes short, very dense and hirsute, terminal or lateral, Inner

sepals herbaceous, acuminate. Crest 2-horned. Style with 1

erect lobe and a lower large glandular stigma . . '. . . . 8. P. eriocephala.

1. P. japonica.

9. P. leptalea.

Polygala.] XIV. POLYGALES. 139

Racemes lateral. Iuner sepals herbaceous, mucronate, usually fal-
cate. Crest fringed. Style with 1 large hooked or reflexed
stigmatic lobe.
Racemes shorter than the leaves, or if longer, very dense,
Leaves orbioular: 2) 7.7. 5. . e BP. orbela:
Leaves from obovate to linear.

Capsules broadly winged and ciliate . . . . . . . 4 P. rhinanthoides.
Capsules wingless and glabrous or nearly so . . . . . 6. P. arvensis.
Racemes slender, much longer than the leaves. . . . . . T. P.stenoclada.

l. P. japonica, Houtt. Syst. 8, t. 62, f. 1, according to DC. Prod. i.
324. Rootstock perennial, often woody with age, emitting numerous rather
slender leafy stems, decumbent or erect, rarely more than 6 in. long, more or
less pubescent. Leaves nearly sessile, the lower ones ovate, obtuse and small,
the upper ones elliptical or lanceolate, acute, $ to $ or rarely 1 in. long, of a
rather firm consistence, glabrous and almost shining, distinctly veined. Ra-
cemes lateral, sometimes of 2 or 3 flowers only, and shorter than the leaves,
sometimes 6- to 8-flowered and longer. Bracts small and deciduous, but less
so than in most species. Outer sepals narrow-lanceolate; inner ones ovate,
obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long and not oblique. Keel-petal crested. Ovary gla-
brous. Style thickened, incurved, with 2 unequal stigmatic lobes, the upper
one arching over the lower short one. Capsule about 3 lines long and broad,
including the rather broad wing. Seeds obovate, slightly pubescent, with a
3-lobed caruncle.— P. veronicea, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 184.

eens. i i ivers, F, Mueller.

xs. Wales. Kerger eade ; Paramatta to the Blue M ountains, and shaded `
situations near Bathurst, 4. Cunningham ; Port Stephens, Lady Parry ; Hastings and Mac-
leay rivers, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart. : fi

Victoria. Grassy or gravelly places on the Goulburn and Ovens rivers aud their
lower tributaries, F. Mueller. $ :

, Also in the hilly regions of tropical Asia and northward to Japan. I can, indeed, find no
difference between the Australian and the Japanese specimens, except that the flowers in
the latter are rather larger: but several Khasia specimens are precisely like the Australian
Ones. P, elegans, Wall., from East India and China, differs slightly in the racemes most
frequently terminal with numerous flowers.

2. P. leptalea, DC. Prod. i. 325. An erect, glabrous, slender an
simple or slightly branched, usually 1 to 14 ft. high. Leaves few, linear, the
longer ones about 1 in., the uppermost much smaller, and the lower pen
sometimes shortly oblong. Fiowers small, numerous, pendulous, in a 1-si
terminal raceme, on pedicels which rarely attain 1 line. Outer sepals narrow-
oblong, obtuse, the lowest rather larger and concave ; inner sepals nearly elo
as large, petal-like, broadly oblong, obtuse, 2 to 23 lines long. Keel-pet h
crested. Style searcely thickened, much curved, inflexed at the summit vr
an entire capitate stigma. Capsule broadly oblong, rather ege - od
Inner sepals, with a narrow transparent wing. Seeds hirsute wit
hairs, the caruncle very small.—P. oligophylla, DC. Prod. i. 325.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller; Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Endeavour river, R, Brown.

Frequent iu northern and eastern India. ` oY i 1

3. P. eriocephala, F. Muell. Herb. A more or less pubescent annual,
in our specimens Title branched and not exceeding 6 in. Leaves linear or

140 XIV. POLYGALEX. [ Polygala,

oblong-linear, some exceeding 14 in. Racemes lateral or terminal, very dense
and ovoid or oblong, 4 to 1 in. long, and very villous, the flowers nearly ses-
sile. Outer sepals small and almost setaceous ; inner sepals obliquely ovate,
acuminate, about 2 lines long when in flower, nearly 4 when in fruit, herba-
ceous and hirsute with slender spreading hairs, completely enclosing the very
fugacious corolla. Keel-petal very much shorter than the side ones, the
dorsal crest consisting of 2 long simple horns. Style not thickened, 2-lobed,
the upper lobe shortly filiform and incurved, the lower one expanded into a
large stigmatic gland. Ovary covered with very long hairs. Capsule orbi-
cular, emarginate, not winged, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, hirsute with long fine
hairs. Seeds oblong, with reflexed hairs,
N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

4. P. rhinanthoides, Soland. in Herb. R. Br. An erect branching
slightly pubescent annual, from an inch or two to above a foot high. Leaves
oblong-linear, or rarely obovate-oblong, obtuse or rarely acute, $ to 1% in.
long, glabrous or ciliate, narrowed into a short petiole. Racemes lateral,
short, rather dense, 6- to 10-flowered. Outer sepals lanceolate, with a fine
point; inner sepals broadly ovate, oblique, mucronate, ciliate, 2 to 3 lines
long. Keel-petal crested. Ovary broad, ciliate. Style slightly thickened,
much curved, entire, with a broad almost petaloid decurved stigma, bearded
underneath. Capsule 4 lines jong and broad, including a broad wing, pu-
bescent and ciliate. Seeds oblong, hirsute with rcflexed hairs, the caruncle
deeply 3-lobed.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river. F, Mueller,

Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Brown.

Var. minor. A smaller and more glabrous plant, with narrower leaves, looser racemes,
and more glabrous ; capsules with narrower wings, almost connecting the species with some
forms of P. arvensis. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

5. P. orbicularis, Benth. An annual of 3 to 6 in., branching at the
base only, glabrous or very slightly pubescent. Leaves distinctly petiolate,
very broadly obovate or orbicular, or even broader than long, $ to 1 iu.
diameter, or the lower ones smaller. Racemes usually terminal, dense, 4 to
l in. long. Outer sepals very small and lanceolate ; inner sepals obliquely
ovate, rounded, with a short point, glabrous, about 24 lines long. Corolla
fully as long, the lateral petals unusually large, the crest fringed. Style not
thickened, with an almost petaloid uncinate-decurved stigma, glabrous, of
slightly bearded underneath. Capsule orbicular, 21 lines long, scarcely
winged. Seeds hairy, the caruncle 3-lobed.

N. Australia. South Gonlburn Island, 4. Cunningham ; Melville Island, Fraser;
N. coast, Armstrong.

Allied to the var. obovata of P. i i , too
distinct in habit and foliage to be sail Mira ie, So ee

6. P. arvensis, Willd. Spec. Pl. iii. 876. A procumbent or rarely erect
annual, branching at the base only, sometimes not exceeding a couple o
inches when in full fruit, sometimes the prostrate or ascending branches
extending to 6 or 8 in. or even more, and usually pubescent. Leaves from
obovate to oblong or linear, 4 to 3 in. long or rarely more. Flowers few, in
short sessile racemes, usually lateral, often shorter than the leaves, and rarely

Polygala.] XIV. POLYGALER. , 141

lengthening to an inch. Outer sepals very small and narrow ; inner sepals
ovate-faleate, acute or mucronate, 2 to 3 lines long, herbaceous and glabrous
or slightly pubescent. Corolla about as long, the lateral petals rather large,
the crest of the keel fringed. Ovary glabrous. Style scarcely thickened,
with an almost petaloid uncinate-decurved stigma, glabrous and glandular
underneath. Capsule rather broad, glabrous or slightly pubescent, not
winged. Seeds very hairy.—DO. Prod. i. 326.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Goulburn Island, 4. Cunningham ;
N. coast, R. Brown.

Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Brown. :

A very common East Indian weed, variable in foliage and stature ; the following forms
appearing sometimes constant enough to be considered as distinct species :— s

_ Var. obovata. Leaves all obovate, giving the plant the aspect of a young Euphorbia he-
lioscopia. Cavern Island, Carpentaria, R. Brown.
ar. squarrosa, Leaves narrow. Flowers small and numerous, in oblong racemes, mostly
terminal, the inner sepals narrow and faleate. P. squarrosa, Soland, ms. Endeavour river,
B. Brown ; Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Var. stenosepala. leaves narrow-linear. Racemes short and few-flowered, or flowers
almost solitary. Inner sepals narrow and less faleate. Capsule not above half as broad as
long. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; aud nearly the same form, but with more flowers, Arn-
hem Bays, R. Brown.

. T. P. stenoclada, Benth. A slender, glabrous, erect annual, simple or
little branched. Leaves distant, very narrow-linear, almost terete, obtuse or
minutely pointed, 2 to 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, slender, elongated,

aring towards the top a slender raceme of small blue flowers on very short
pedicels. Outer sepals lanceolate, very acute with scarious margins; inner
Sepals about 2 lines long, broadly ovate-lanceolate and faleate with a dark-
coloured point. Keel-petal crested. Ovary glabrous. Style slender, much
og with an almost petaloid deflexed blue stigma, bearded on the under
side.

N. Australia. U ictoria river, F. Mueller. :

The inflorescence is hat ot isses of the East Indian P. Wightiana, but besides
the difference in foliage, the-flowers are much smaller and narrower, and approach much
= — the P. arvensis, from which P. wed is differs chiefly in inflorescence,
anc, In the above i imens, in its very narrow leaves. ;
, Var. (?) ome gg pa hae Kësse Leaves oblong or linear, flat, $ to 1
in. long. Flowers in a loose pedunculate raceme, much longer than the leaves, as in P. ste-
noclada ; but the inner sepals are narrow, pointed, and much falcate, as in the var. s/eno-
Sepala of P. arvensis.—Carpentaria Point and Arnhem Bays, R. Brown (Hb. R. Br.).

3. COMESPERMA, Labill.

Sepals unequal, the 2 innermost, or wings, large and petal-like. Petals 3,
. the keel not crested, the two lateral ones separately attached to the staminal
column, and either overlapped by the keel or outside it at the top. Stamens
8, united to above the middle in a sheath, open on the upper side and adnate
to the petals at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Style incurved, obliquely stig-
matic and more or less 2-lobed at the top. Capsule coriaceous or E
membranous, usually euneate and much narrowed at the base, rarely aid
orbicular, opening loculicidally at the edges. Seeds ovate or oblong, pendu-
lous, pubescent or hairy, the hairs lengthening into a coma whenever the cap-

Lä XIV. POLYGALE®. . [Comesperma.

sule is narrowed at the base, without any caruncle at the hilum, but the raphe
often expanded into a caruncular appendage at the opposite end.—Herbs
undershrubs or shrubs, erect or twining. Leaves alternate, usually small.
Racemes terminal.

A strictly Australian genus, with which was formerly united the Brazilian Bredemeyera (Ca-
tocoma, Benth.) ; but, besides the difference in habit, the latter has a more or less fleshy
capsule, and the seeds have a long coma proceeding from the hilum; whilst in Comesperma,
the coma, when present, consists of the hairs of the testa, which always extend to the base
of the capsule, although the seed is often not half so long. In 2 species the capsule is that
of a Polygala, and the seeds have no coma; but in those the insertion of the lateral petals,
very different from that of Polygala and approaching that of Monnina, is strongly marked.
In P. volubilis (which was chiefly taken into account in verifying the characters for our S
* Genera Plantarum’), the arrangement of the petals is nearer to that of Polygala, but there
the carpological characters are very decided. Besides that, the genus Comesperma 1s 80 na-
tural a one, that it is never liable to be confounded with any of those allied to it in struc-
ture. The precise arrangement of the petals in the smaller-flowered species, very difficult
to ascertain in dried specimens, requires verification from the living plant.

Capsule sessile. Seeds filling the cells, without a coma. Stems
leafless. (Sect. Prosthemosperma, F. Muell.)
Capsule orbieular. Flowers in a short terminal raceme . . . . 1. C. spherocarpuii.
Capsule obovate or cuneate. Flowers distant.
Branches erect, rigid, broom-like. Seed with a broad terminal

Ned RR as Se eege n ARUM:
Branches very slender, divaricate, intricately branched. Seed
with a long terminal appendage . 8. C. aphyllum.

Branches divaricate, thorny. Seeds without any appendage... . 4. C. spinosum,
Capsule narrowed into a stipes, containing the long coma of the seeds,
which only occupy the broad part of the cells.
Outer sepals all free, much shorter than the wings.
Branches twining or very short and almost leafless.

Leaves few, mostly obtuse. Capsule not winged. :
Flowers blue or white. Pedicels glabrous . . . . . 5. C. volubile.
Flowers yellow. Pedicels pubescent . . . . . . . T7. C. integerrimum.

Leaves very few and small, acute, ciliate. Bracts ciliate. Cap-
sule winged. Flowers blue 2

Stems erect, leafy.
Leaves flat, ovate or oblong.

6. C. ciliatum.

Pubescent.
Leaves small, broadly ovate, mucronate, crowded, Flowers

IBI o A o BC
Leaves thick, oblong, obtuse 2s... 9. C. Drummonda.
Glabrous,

Leaves mucronate, very glaucous. . . . . . . . ll. C. sylvestre.
Leaves obtuse, green. . . . . , . . . . . . 10. C. retusum.
Leaves linear.
Leaves pungent, strongly keeled. Keel-petal horned . . 12. C. acerosum.
Leaves with revolute margins. Keel-petal not horned. . 13. C. ericinum.
Leaves very narrow, almost terete,
Racemes elongated. Bracts comose. Flowers blue. . 14. C. confertum.
Racemes corymbose or conical. Bracts very minute.

Flowers yolloW 45. Oo. Ce 4 350 Qe
Outer sepals all free, nearly as long as the wings. (Sect. Iso-
calyx, S/eeíz.)
Stems leafy. :
Capsule narrowed into a long stipes. 16. C calymega. `

Capsule elliptical or oblanceolate, shortly narrowed at the
NN auo s oo sS ox sss 17. C. lanceolatum.

Comesperma.] ` XIV. POLYGALER. 143

Stems very slender, almost leafless . d een io Se
Two of the outer sepals connate. (Sect. Disepalum, S/eet;.)
Flowers small, the wings not twice as long as the outer sepals.
Leaves few, small, dintatt. . 305) 7 E . 19. €. nudiusculum.
Wings 3 or 4 times as long as the outer sepals. Leaves linear.
Leaves strongly keeled. Keel-petal horned. Seeds with a
membrane at the end furthest from the hilum . . . . 20. C. virgatum.
Leaves flat, not keeled. Keel-petal not horned. Seeds with-
out any appendage . Le EE EE - 21. C. polygaloides,

. 18. C. defoliatum.

l. C. sphzerocarpum, Sfeciz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 314. Rootstock woody
but not thick, with slender, broom-like, or flexuose stems, sometimes perhaps
slightly twining, } to 13 ft. long, glabrous and slightly sulcate. Leaves re-
` duced to minute distant scales, or the lower ones rarely 2 lines long, and
linear. Flowers 3 to 6, in a short loose terminal raceme, on pedicels of 1 to 2
lines, the bracts very minute and deciduous. Outer sepals oblong, rather
acute, almost scarious, about half the length of the inner ones, which are
broadly obovate, blue and petal-like, 2 to nearly 3 lines long. Corolla and
style of C. scoparium. Capsule nearly orbicular, about 2 lines diameter,
slightly cuneate at the base or at length quite obtuse, glabrous. Seeds ovate,
shortly pubescent, with a short membranous hairy appendage at the lower or
chalazal end.

N. S. Wales. Hunters River and Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Mount Tomah, R.
Cunningham ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Hastings river, Beckler.

3. C. scoparium, Steet, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 309. Stems woody at the
base, with numerous erect, rigid, broom-like, suleate branches, 1 to 2 ft. high,
glabrous. Leaves all reduced to minute distant scales. Flowers blue, singly
scattered along the smaller branches on exceedingly short, thickened pedicels,
surrounded by several minute, scale-like, obtuse, imbricate bracts. Outer
sepals rather rigid, obovate-oblong, more than half the length of the inner
ones, the lowest the smallest. Inner sepals petal-like, very broadly obovate,
about 2 lines long; keel-petal about as long, the 2 lateral lobes broad and
short ; lateral petals shorter, narrow, free almost from the base, overlapping
the keel. Ovary glabrous. Style not winged. Capsule sessile, cuneate-ob-
long, about 3 lines long, with a thickened margin. Seeds slightly pubescent,
with a hairy membrane at the chalazal end, often more than half the length
T me seed, and continuous with the prominent raphe.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.

N. S. Wales. Desert of the Darling, near Fitzgerald ranges, F. Mueller.

Vi i Sandy desert, near the Murray, Dal/achy. ;
W. Australia, d Swan ‘River, where it is known as the ‘Swan-river Broom,’ Drum-

_ "ond ; Murchison river, Oldfield ; Fitzgerald ranges, Maxwell.

3. C. aphyllum, Z. Br. Herb. Tall, erect, and leafless, with very nu-
merous slender, almost filiform, although rigid, divaricate branches, slightly
sulcate, not thorny, and quite glabrous. Leaves all reduced to very minute
distant seales. Flowers few and very small, singly scattered along the pes

branches. Outer sepals small and free; inner sepals scarcely above d ine
. long and petals scarcely longer. Capsule sessile, obovate, about 2 lines long.

eds without long hairs, but with a membranous appendage at the lower or
chalazal end, more than half as long as the seed.

144 XIV. POLYGALEJX. [Comesperma.

N. Australia. Islands of the N. coast, R. Brown (Herb. R. Br.).

4. C. spinosum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 144. A rigid, much branched,
glabrous, leafless shrub, the branches scarcely sulcate, the smaller ones ending
in rigid thorns. Leaves all reduced to minute subulate scales. Flowers few,
scattered singly on the short branches. Outer sepals free, broad, rigid, not
1 line long; inner sepals broad, about 2 lines. Petals rather longer, lateral
lobes of the keel-petal short and broad, lateral petals as long or rather longer.
Capsule narrow-oboyate, about 3 lines long, shortly acuminate, contracted be-
low the middle, but scarcely stipitate. Seeds (which I have not seen) shortly
and densely villous, without any appendage.

W. Australia. Sandy tracts, Fitzgerald ranges, and West Mount Barren, Maxwell.

5. C. volubile, Zabill. Pi. Nov. Holl. ii. 24, t. 163. A glabrous twiner, `
with numerous branches, sometimes extending to a considerable length, rarely
short and flexuose, or almost erect. Leaves few, the lower ones oblong-
linear or lanceolate, sometimes above an inch long and narrowed into a petiole,
the upper ones linear or rarely obovate, small and distant. Racemes axillary
or terminal, loose, 1 or rarely 2 in. long, sometimes 2 or 3 together. Flowers
blue or rarely white, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Outer sepals very broad,
obtuse, about 1 line long ; inner sepals fully 3 lines long, nearly orbicular,
distinctly clawed. Keel-petal with 2 oblong lateral lobes turned inwards in
eestivation and overlapped, at least at the top, by the 2 large, obovate, lateral
petals. Style dilated upwards, but not winged. Capsule 4 to nearly 5 lines
long, rounded, truncate and often slightly acuminate at the top, nearly 1$
lines broad, and gradually narrowed into a rather broad stipes. Seeds oblong,
the long hairs forming the coma much fewer on the sides than on the edges.
-—DC. Prod. i. 334 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 31; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 191; C.
tortuosum, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 303; C. gracile, Daat. Mag. v. 145, with
a fig.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 366, and
others ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Forest and scrub country, widely distributed over the colony, F. Muel ler.

Tasmania. R. Brown ; throughout the island, abundant in light soils, climbing over
bushes, ete., a most beautiful plant, well known as the ‘ Blue Creeper,’ J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Whittaker ; Spencer's Gulf, Warburton ; Quicken Bay, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser; Swan River, Drummond,

Coll. 1843, n. 485. Some of these specimens, probably after having been eaten down, have
short, flexnose, or almost erect stems.

C. paucifolium, Turez, in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 352, from W. Australia, Gilbert, n. 86,
would appear from the character given to be very near C. volubile and C. ciliatum, but 15
said to have a shrubby, erect, much-branched stem. It is possible that the idea may have
been suggested by stunted specimens of C. volubile, such as those above alluded to.

6. C. ciliatum, Sleetz, in Pl. Preiss, ii. 304. Very near C. volubile,
with similar glabrous, twining, sulcate branches. Leaves still fewer, very
small, rigid and acute, usually ciliate with stiff hairs. Bracts linear-subulate,
also ciliate. Flowers blue or pink, rather smaller than in C. volubile, much |
more numerous, in rather dense terminal racemes of 2 to 3 in. Outer sepals 2
ovate-oblong, obtuse or almost acute, above 1 line long; inner sepals and `
petals like those of C. volubile, but much smaller. Capsules on long pedicels,

Comesperma. | XIV. POLYGALER. 145

like those of C. volubile, but rather broader, owing to a membranous wing
which borders them more or less, especially towards the summit.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Geographer Bay, King river, and Black-
wood river, Oldfield.

7. C. integerrimum, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 1. Very near C. volubile,
with similar twining suleate branches and few oblong-linear or lanceolate
leaves, but the young shoots racemes and pedicels are usually minutely
hoary-pubescent, the racemes are denser, with shorter and firmer pedicels, and
the flowers yellow and rather smaller. Outer sepals broad and obtuse as in
C. volubile. Petals similarly shaped, except that the lateral lobes of the keel
are rather deeper, but I have in vain sought for the small additional petals
described by Steetz. Capsule 8 to 9 lines long, 1} lines broad at the top,

* with a very prominent obtnse acumen, gradually narrowed into a stipes at
the base. Seed 4 to 5 lines long, tapering almost to a point, otherwise nearly
terete, the hairs of the coma proceeding from all over the surface.—Steetz, in
Pl. Preiss. ii, 305 ; C. scandens, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 211.

W. Australia. Rottenest Island, 4. Cunningham ; Swan River, Drummond, Coll.
1843, x. 486 ; near Mount Desmond, Herd. F. Mueller.

8. C. secundum, Banks, in DC. Prod.i. 334. A low, much-branched,
rigid shrub, with the habit of some Epacridee, the branches softly pubescent.
Leaves crowded, spreading, ovate, mucronate, 2 to 3 lines long, rigidly cori-
aceous, rough with minute tubercular hairs. Flowers very small and nu- ,
merous, in slender one-sided racemes of 1 to 2 in., on very short pedicels.
Outer sepals short, very broad and obtuse; inner sepals nearly three times as
long, although scarcely exceeding 1 line, apparently pink. ; Keel-petal very
broad, overlapping the narrow lateral ones. Style not winged. Capsule
fully 3 in. long, truncate, 3-toothed, and scarcely 1 line broad at the top,
tapering into a slender stipes twice as long as the oblong part. Seed elon-
gated, without any appendage, the long coma apparently very deciduous, but
not seen quite ripe.

N. Australia. Islands of the north coast, R. Brown. `
Queensland, Endeavour river, R. Brown ; Cape Flinders, 4. Cunningham.

9. C. Drummondii, Steet: in Pl. Preiss. ii. 301. Shrubby, with
short rigid branches, and all over glaucous, with a minute pubescence only
visible under a lens. Leaves narrow-oblong, mostly obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long,
very thick and rather concave, the midrib rarely conspicuous. Racemes many-
flowered, short end almost corymbose, although the pedicels are rather long.
Flowers of C. retusum. Capsule, according to F. Mueller, narrower, with a

Shorter stipes.
E W. Australia, Drummond ; Stirling ranges to West Mount Barren, Maxwell.

| a 10. C retusum, Labill, Pl. Nov. Holl. ii, 22, 1. 160. Glabrous, erect,

shrubby and much-branched, often several feet high, the branches cá

. frec and not sulcate. Leaves oblong, obtuse, rarely above $ in. "y d

but rather thick, the midrib not prominent. Racemes short and genes

usually several in a terminal, leafy, flat corymb or pyramidal panicle. P ec

Sepals ovate, obtuse, about 1 line long; inner sepals nearly 3 € or
VOL. I.

146 XIV. POLYGALER. [ Comesperma.

rather shorter, the keel not horned. Capsule usually about 5 lines long,
emarginate, with rounded lobes, and about 1j lines broad at the top, nar-
rowed into a stipes much longer than the broad part. Seeds comose, with-
out any membranous appendage.—DC, Prod. i. 334; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. 1.
32; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 190.

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller,

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 365; Blue Mountains and to the
southward, 4. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Abundant in the sphagnum moors and along the rivulets and torrents of the
Australian Alps at an elevation of 4000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller.

Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundant, especially in the northern parts of the island, from
the sea to an elevation of 3600 ft. in the Western Mountains, J. D. Hooker.

11. C. sylvestre, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 849. A glabrous and
erect shrub of several feet, resembling C. refusum, with which F. Mueller pro-
poses to unite it, but much more glaucous. Leaves larger, often Z in. long
and sometimes 3 lines broad, mucronate or pungent, often concave above.
Flowers rather larger, with broader outer sepals. Capsule about 4 in. long.
—F. Muell. Fragm. i. 49.

Queensland. Open forest, near Mounts Faraday and Pluto, Mitchell ; sandy forest
table-laud on the Suttor river, F. Mueller.

12? C. acerosum, Síeeíz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 299. Glabrous, rigid, erect,
and little branched from a hard, almost woody base, 1 to 13 ft. high. Leaves
-. linear, erect, rigid, with a short usvally pungent point, not above > in. long,

strongly keeled. Racemes rather dense, 1 to 2 in. long, pedicels 1 to 14 lines.
Outer sepals 3, nearly equal, all free, very broad and obtuse, not 1 line long ;
inner petaloid sepals obovate, about 3 lines. Keel-petal with a horn-like ap-
pendage on the baek as in C. virgatum. Capsule about 3 lines long, truncate
or slightly 3-toothed at the top, narrowed into a stipes about as long as the
. broad part. Seeds comose, with a very short membrane at the chalazal end.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 431, and Coll. 1843, n. 492, mixed with
\ C. virgatum, which this species closely resembles in almost all characters excepting the

outer sepals, which are all free.

13. C. ericinum, DC. Prod. i. 334. Glabrous or minutely pubescent,
usually erect, with rigid branches 1 to 2 or even 3 ft. high, woody at the base.
Leaves linear, erect or spreading, crowded or rather distant, obtuse or acute,
rarely above $ in. long and usually shorter, the margins recurved or more fre-
quently quite revolute. Racemes usually several and short in a leafy panicle,
but longer and less dense than in C. retuswm, rarely slender, and lengthening
out to 3 or 4 in. Outer sepals all free, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, $ to 1 line
long; inner sepals about 3 lines. Keel-petal not horned. Capsule 3 to +
lines long, truncate, with rounded angles or entirely rounded at the top, nar-
rowed into a stipes usually longer than the broad part. Seeds oblong;
comose, with a very small membrane at the lower or chalazal end.—Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 32; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 190; C. coridifolium, A. Cunn. M
Field. N. S. Wales, 337 ; C. latifolium, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 295 ; C, acu
folium, Steetz, 1. c. 296; C. linariefolium, A. Cunn. in Steetz, Le, 297. — —
" Queensland. Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham; Glasshouses and Burnett range —

F. Mueller.

Comesperma.] XIV. POLYGALER. 147

N. S. Wales. Abundant about Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 364, 534, and
Fi, Mirt. 550, and others; and in the interior, 4. Cunningham ; northward to Clarence and
Hastings rivers, Becker ; and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Heathy tracts, as well of the lowlands as of the mountains, not rare in the
southern and eastern parts of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. North coast, near the sea, aud islands of Bass’s Straits, in sandy soil,
J. D. Hooker.

Var. patentifolium. Leaves very spreading, often pungent, very broad at the base.
— Burnett ranges in the interior of N. S. Wales, F. Mueller. C. patentifolium, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 48. (See F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 190.) á

Var. oblongatum, R. Br. Leaves oblong-linear, obtuse and mucronate, longer and with
less revolute margins than usual.— East coast, R. Brown.

14, C. confertum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 23, t. 161. Glabrous,
erect, rigid, and usually branching above the middle, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves
rather crowded, narrow-linear, thick, with the margins recurved so as to be
almost terete, acute, often above 1 in. long. Flowers rather small, in slender
but rather dense racemes of 2 to 3 in. or even more, on pedicels of 1 to 2
lines. Outer sepals free, broad and very obtuse, scareely more than 1 line
long; inner sepals about 2 lines. Keel-petal rather shorter, not horned.
Capsule 3 lines long or rather more, rounded and sometimes emarginate, but
scarcely truncate at the top, narrowed into a stipes longer than the broad part.

. Seeds comose, the raphe projecting and membranous, but not expanded into

a terminal membrane.— DC. Prod. i. 334 ; C. longifolium, Steud. in Pl. Preiss.
1. 206; CO. hirtulum, Steud. 1. c. 209.

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, Labillardióre, R. Brown, A. Cunningham,
Drummond, Preiss, n. 2359, and others ; E. Mount Barren, Mazwell.

15. C. flavum, DC. Prod. i. 334. Glabrous and erect, with rather
crowded linear, almost terete leaves like C. confertum, but usually more
branched and the leaves more spreading. Flowers yellow, larger than in
C. confertum, in short, very dense, almost corymbose or shortly conical ra-
cemes, rarely above 1 in. long, the pedicels nearly 2 lines when in. flower, and
3 when in fruit. Outer sepals all free, very short and obtuse; inner se
25 lines long. Keel-petal not horned. Capsule fully 4 lines long and not
above 1 line broad, narrowed into a stipes much longer than the broad part.
Seeds oblong, comose, without any prominent raphe.— Deless. Ic. Sel. ni. t.
20; C. zanthocarpum, Steud. Pl. Preiss. i. 209. EIS

WV. Australia. Ki > R. Brown, Fraser, A. Cunningham, Harvey ;
Swan River, Drees 5 1843, re? Princess Royal Harbour, Gordon river, and
Champion Bay, Oldfield.

16. C. calymega, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 23, t. 162. Glabrous or nearly
80, with a we dors id sometimes woody rootstock, and simple or slightly
branched, erect stems, from 6 in. to rather more than 1 ft. high. Leaves not
numerous, the lower ones elliptical or oblong, the upper linear, rarely above
3 in. long, rather thick, flat or with slightly recurved margins, without any
prominent keel. Flowers small, blue, in rather slender racemes of 1 to 3 in.
Outer sepals all free, oblong or lanceolate, about 14 lines long ; inner sepals
rather longer, more deeply coloured, obovate, unguiculate. Keel-petal not
horned, longer than the lateral ones. ae distinctly 2-lobed. Capsule 3 to

nearly 4 lines long, truncate or 3-toothed at the top, narrowed a p at

148 XIV. POLYGALES. [ Comesperma.

least as long as the broad part. Seeds comose, without any terminal appen-
dage.—DC. Prod. i. 334; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 32; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
188; C. isocalyx, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 172; C. strictum, Endl. in Hueg.
Enum. 7; C. tenue, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 208; C. varians and C. parvi-
florum, Steud. l. c. 210; C. herbacenm, Steud. Le 211 (the last synonym taken
from Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 307) ; C. spathulatum, Turcz. in Bull. Mose.
1854, ii. 352 (from the character given).
' Victoria. Bushy barren ridges and mountains, and arid heathy plains in many parts

of the colony, F, Mueller. à

Tasmania, R. Brown ; common on sandy flats along the north shores of the island
and in the islands of Bass's Straits, J. D. Hooker. :

S. Australia, Kangaroo Island, St. Vincent's Gulf, and Lofty and other ranges m
the interior, F. Mueller, Behr, ete. i

WV. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2365,
2374, ete., and others; Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. Jatifolium. Lower leaves obovate, 3 to 1 in. long; upper leaves few, small, and
distant. Capsule 5 lines long. Swan River, Drummond ; King George's Sound, R. Brown.

17. C. lanceolatum, R. Br. Herb. Nearly allied to C. calymega, ex-
cepting in the fruit. Stems slender, erect, glabrous, not above 6 in. high, or
branching and decumbent at the base. Leaves small, narrow-linear, rather
rigid, erect and acute, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Racemes short. Flowers blue,
rather larger than in C. calymega. Outer sepals all free, oblong, thin, nearly
2 lines long; inner ones scarcely longer. Capsule elliptical or oblanceolate,
tapering rather more at the base than at the point, nearly 3 lines long and
rather more than 1 line broad. Seeds oblong, fully half as long as the cap-
sule, comose, without any terminal appendage.

W. Australia. S. coast, east of King George's Sound, R. Brown (Hà. R. Br.).

18. C. defoliatum, P Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 189. Allied in habit to C.
nudiusculum with the flowers of C. calymega. Rhizome woody, with rigid
and rush-like, but slender and sometimes almost filiform stems, 1 to 2 ft.
high, and glabrous. Leaves very few and distant, small, narrow-linear or
sometimes all reduced to small linear scales. Racemes slender, 1 to 2 in. long.
Flowers rather larger than in C. calymega. Outer sepals all free, oblong,
nearly as long as the inner ones. — Capsule 3 or 4 lines long, contracted into
along narrow stipes. Seeds comose, without any terminal appendage.— C.
nudiusculum, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 308, not DC.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson and Hanters River, R, Brown; Mawarra, Shepherd ;
Clarence river, Beckler.

Victoria. Scattered over sandy heathy ridges from Port Phillip to the Broadribb
river, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. South Port, C. Stuart,

19. C. nudiusculum, DC. Prod. i. 334. Stems elongated, slender,
glabrous, with few very small distant leaves almost reduced to scales. Flowers
small, blue, in a very short raceme, which after flowering lengthens to lin.
or more. Outer sepals about 1j lines long, oblong, the 2 upper connate to
near the top; inner sepals not twice as long, usually about 2 lines, broadly
obovate, with a short claw adhering to the corolla. Keel-petal not horned,
lateral ones narrow. Style much thickened above. "Capsule about 3 lines
long, narrowed into a stipes about twice as long as the broad part. Seeds

Comesperma.] XIV. POLYGALEJX. 149

comose, without any terminal membrane.—C. ramosissimum, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 209; C. megapteryga, Steud. l. e. 207 (according to Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 314).

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Fraser, Preiss, n.
2369, 2370, and others; Mount Barker, Oldfield:

20. C. virgatum, Zabill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 21, t. 159. Glabrous, with
à woody rootstock and erect, stiff, simple or somewhat branching stems, 1 to
1$ or rarely 2 ft. high. Leaves distant or rather crowded, linear or linear-
lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely pointed, rarely exceeding $ in. in length, with
the midrib or keel prominent underneath. Flowers blue, rather numerous, iu
à raceme of 1 to 3 in., often lengthening out after flowering to nearly 6 in.,
the pedicels from 1 to 2 lines. Bracts with a fine point, often comose in the
young raceme, but falling off during flowering. Outer sepals about 1 line
long, the 2 upper ones united to near the top; inner sepals nearly 3
lines long. Keel-petal very broad, with a horn-like appendage on the back
near the top, sometimes above 4 line long, sometimes reduced to a small tu-
bercle. Style winged towards the top. Capsule about 3 lines long, truncate
or 3-toothed, and about 1 line broad at the top, narrowed into a stipes as long
as the broad part. Seeds ovate, comose with a small membranous appendage
at the chalazal end.— DC. Prod. i. 334 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 311; C. simplez,
Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 7; C. corniculatum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 206; C.
longebractentum and C. roseum, Steud. l.c. 207; C. contractum and C. emu-
lum, Steud. 1. c. 208 ; C. laxiusculum, Steud. l.c. 210; C. selaginoides, Turcz.
in Bull. Mose, 1854, ii. 352.

w. Australia. Apparently common, from the south coast to Swan River, Labil-
lardi?re, A. Cunningham, Drummond, n. 215, 489, 492 (mixed in some cases with C. acero-
sum), Preiss, n. 2360, 2361, 2363, 2371, ete; Champion Bay, Bower. : e
., C. corniculatum, Steud., and C. emulum, Steud., are both kept up by Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.

"D. 310, but the differences indicated do not appear to me to be quite borne out by the in-
Spection of Preiss’s specimens. :

21. C. polygaloides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 7, and Pl.
Vict. i. ish, Pahari wear C. virgatum, but a smaller plant, with a less
Woody rootstock; and more simple stems, rarely 1 ft. high. Leaves from
linear to oblong, flat, without the prominent keel of C. virgatum, rarely above
2 in. long. Outer sepals slightly longer and less obtuse than in C. virgatum,
the two upper ones connate as in that species. Keel-petal without any dorsal
appendage. Capsule about 4 lines long, narrowed into a stipes nearly twice
às long as the broad part. Seeds very comose, without any terminal mem-

rane.

Victoria. Scattered over the low ridges and barren plains of the southern and western

Parts of the colony, F, Mueller. ;
S.A 4 Near Adelaide, Whittaker ; Rivoli Bay and Encounter Bay, F. Mueller ;

ustralia.
Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse ; Spencer's Gulf, Warburton.

Orpen XV. FRANKENIACEZ. `

persistent, with 4, 5, or

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx prone angles and furrows.

rarely 6 lobes, valvate in the bud, and as many prom

150 XV. FRANKENIACE.

Petals as many, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud, free, the claws with an
adnate plate or appendage on the inner face, the lamina spreading. Dag
usually 6, sometimes 4 or 5 or indefinite, hypogynous, free or shortly waite
in a ring at the base; filaments filiform or flattened ; anthers 2-celled, versa-
tile. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled, with 3, rarely 2 or 4, parietal placentas, or
very rarely a single one. Style filiform, with as many branches as Ger
the stigmas capitate or oblique. Ovules several, or rarely solitary, to -= 1
placenta, attached to rather long ascending funicles, amphitropous or nearly
anatropous, with an inferior micrepyle. Seeds ovoid or oblong, testa crus-
taceous, the hilum almost terminal. Embryo straight, in a mealy albumen,
the radicle next the hilum, shorter than, or as long as, the cotyledons.—-Low
herbs or undershrubs, much branched and jointed at the nodes. Leaves op-
posite, small, without stipules, often clustered in the axils. Flowers usually
pink or purple, sessile in the forks of the branches, forming a more or less
dense, terminal, leafy cyme, sometimes contracted into a globular head.

The Order consists of a single genus, closely allied to the small group of pe uen
amongst Caryophyllee, but distinguished by the parietal placentation of the ovary, and y
the terminal hilum in the seed. The species are chiefly maritime, and generally distribute

over the temperate regions of the globe, more especially of the northern hemisphere, less
abundant within the tropics.

1. FRANKENIA, Linn.
Characters and distribution those of the Order.

The Australian species are ail endemic, although the common one is closely allied to one
of those most widely spread in the northern hemisphere.

Flowers in dense terminal heads.
Floral leaves ovate-lanceolate, flat, several times broader than the
linear-terete stem-leaves . , . . . . ,
Floral leaves linear-terete, like the stem-leaves .
Flowers solitary, or in leafy terminal cymes,
Leaves distinctly (but minutely) petiolate on the margin of the
sheath.
Petals slightly cohering by their claws. Filaments slightly
dilated and often cohering in a tube. us
Leaves much longer than their sheath. Calyx 2 to 3 lines . 3. F. pauciflora.
Leaves scarcely longer than their sheath. Calyx about lline 4. F. parvula.
5
6

. F. bracteata.
. F. glomerata,

ne

Petals quite free. Filaments shortly and broadly dilated at the
base, free and narrow upwards Au t Eu eA

Leaves sessile, the dorsal furrow continued to the base of the sheath.

Leaves not produced below their insertion . . . . . . .
Leaves produced at the base into a free, although elosely ap-
peu: vs s.l ls.

(Frankenia eymbifolia, Hook., is Wilsonia humilis.)

l. F. bracteata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii, 361. Stems, from à
woody base, erect, ascending, or decumbent, 3 to 6 in. long, glabrous or
slightly pubescent. Leaves all opposite, linear-terete, 2 to 4 lines long, smooth
and shining, the margins so closely revolute as to conceal the hairy under-
surface, showing only a dorsal furrow, distinctly petiolate on the edge of a
broad sheath, from which they early fall off, leaving a cluster of smaller similar
leaves arising from within the sheath. Cymes of flowers contracted into dense

. F. Drummondit.
. F. tetrapetala.
7. F, punctata.

"Sr

Frankenia.] XV. FRANKENIACER, 151

heads, the bract-like floral leaves in whorls of 4 almost without sheaths, ovate-
lanceolate or nearly ovate, flat, ciliate, and closely imbricate, so as to conceal
the calyces. Calyx 21 to 3 lines long. Corolla and stamens of F. pauciflora.
Style-branches and placentas 3. Ovules solitary to each placenta, attached
to rather long funicles arising from near the base of the ovary.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 136.

2. F. glomerata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 368. An apparently
erect or ascending dichotomous shrub or undershrub of 6 to 8 in., glabrous
or nearly so. Leaves opposite and clustered in the axils, linear-terete, 3
to 4 lines long, the margins ciliate and closely revolute so as only to show a
dorsal furrow, and distinctly petiolate like those of F. bracteata, but the sheath
shorter. Flowers in dense, terminal, leafy heads like those of F. bracteata,
but the floral leaves are linear-terete like the stem ones. Calyx slender,
about 3 lines Jong. Petals long and linear, slightly narrowed into long
claws, with a scarcely prominent longitudinal line towards the top of the

claw. Ovary in the few flowers I examined 1-ovulate, with a simple style,

but perhaps not constantly so.
wW. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. Suppl. n. 79.

A-B pauciflora, DC. Prod. i. 350. Shrubby and proeumbent or al-
Most erect at the base, with ascending, erect, or divaricate dichotomous

ranches, nearly glabrous or hoary with a short down or scaly pubescence,
often very low and spreading, sometimes above a foot high, attaining even
3 ft. according to F. Mueller. Leaves opposite or the upper ones in whorls
of 4, oblong or linear, obtuse or rarely almost acute, the margins usually revo-
lute so as only to show a dorsal furrow, when very narrow above 3 lines long,
but usually’ much shorter, the very short sheathing petioles ciliate on the edge,
With smaller leaves often clustered in the axils. Flowers closely sessile in
the last forks, forming a more or less dense terminal leafy eme and eee
times unilaterally arranged along its branches owing to the abortion =
branch of each fork. Calyx 3 to 4 lines, or rarely only 24 lines € "nu
with their claws cohering in an angular tube, the longitudinal appen age p
very prominent, the lamina obovate, entire or crenulate. — z ,
with their filaments slightly dilated and usually cohering. sae o
rarely 2, with 2 to 4 ovules to each.— Bot. Mag. t. 2896 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
l. 40; P. scabra, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 305.

N. Australia, Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller ; N. W. coast, Bynoe.

Queensland. In the interior on the Nive river, Mitchell. PE

N. S. Wales, Desert on the tributaries of the Darling and Murray rivers,
Victoria. Saline meni. on the coast, more common in saline or sandy depressions

along the Murray river and its tributaries, F. Mueller. : : t
Tasmania, d Brown ; abundant on Goose Island in Bass’s Straits; found also a

Circular Head, Gunn. s : LAG
S. Australia. On the coast, and partieularly abundant in the saline distriets in the
northern part of the colony, F. Mueller and others. Ke Col.

W. Australia. Common both on the southern and weste s Gei
1843, n. 105, and 5th Coll. n. 77 and 78, and others; Dirk Hartog’s Island, 4. Cun
ningham, I : : :

An exceedingly variable species, which F. Mueller (Pl. Viet. i. 82) — oad
mon European and African F. Levis, Linn. ; the latter species, however,

152 XV. FRANKENIACE. [ Frankenia.

has always much smaller and finer leaves, and especially very much smaller flowers, and the
general aspect is so different, that it is not to be expected that the proposed union should be
generally admitted. Possibly also the two following Australian varieties of F. pauciflora
may prove sufficiently constant to be admitted as species.

Var. serpyllifolia. Pubescent or hirsute. Leaves, especially the lower ones short, from
oblong to broadly ovate, the margins often much less recurved than in the typical F. pauci-
flora.—F. serpyllifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 305.—Nive river, Mitchell ; Mur-
chison river, Drummond. Allied to this variety is the plant from Port Jackson, which De
Candolle, Prod. i. 349, referred with doubt to the F. pulverulenta, Linn. The specimeus
in the herbarium of the Paris Museum have much the aspect of the latter species (very
prostrate, with small broad flat leaves, more petiolate than is usual in F. pauciflora), yet I
thiuk they may prove to be only one of its numerous varieties, very near to the serpylli-
folia.

Var. thymoides, More woody, erect, and much branched, with the habit of Thymus
vulgaris, hoary all over, with a minute scaly indumentum. Leaves oblong, very obtuse,
much revolute, 1 to nearly 2 lines long. Flowers rather small, the appendage of the petal-
claws very prominent. Ovules 4 to 6 to each placenta.— Mount Goningbear, Victorian er-
pedition.— F. fruticulosa, DC. Prod. i. 350, appears to connect this variety with the more
common forms.

4. F. parvula, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1854, ii. 368. Stems shortly
creeping, with numerous ascending branches of 1 to 14 in., glabrous or nearly
so. Leaves crowded, oblong, obtuse, not above 1 line long, thick, but the
margins closely revolute, concealing the under surface and showing only a
dorsal furrow, distinetly petiolate on the margin of a broad, strongly ciliate
sheath often nearly as long as the leaf, with 3 or 4 smaller leaves clustered
within the sheath. Flowers terminal, solitary or in little leafy heads of 2 or
3. Calyx thickly ribbed, almost ovoid, a little more than 1 line long, strongly
ciliate at the top. Petals obovate. Style 3-cleft. Ovules apparently few,
but not seen in a good state.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. Suppl. n. 81.

5. F. Drummondii, Benth. Stems prostrate and rooting at the nodes,
with numerous short, erect branches, quite glabrous in our specimens, Leaves
crowded, opposite or the floral ones in fours, linear-terete, about 2 lines long,
distinctly petiolate, with a very short sheath, very red as well as the calyces
in our specimens. Flowers small and solitary. Calyx slender, not 2 lines
long. Petals all free, with a rather broad claw and a very prominent ovate-
oblong scale, the lamina small and obovate. Stamens free, the filaments
dilated at the base into an oval-oblong scale, filiform above. Style 3-cleít.
Ovules 1 or 2 to each placenta.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 278.

6. F. tetrapetala, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 88, t. 114. Shrubby and
prostrate at the base, rooting at the joints, with numerous branches, short
and ascending or erect and much branched, often attaining 4 to 6 in., gla-
brous or minutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, but all opposite, linear-terete,
acute or obtuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines long, not petiolate, but connate at
the base into a short sheath, the dorsal furrow extending below their union,
but without the appendage of F. punctata. Flowers small, like those of
F. punctata, 5-merous in the specimens I have examined, but very likely to
be occasionally 4-merous, as described by Labillardiére.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and other points of the S. coast, R. Brown,

Frankenia.} XV. FRANKENIACES, 153

Bauer, Bagster ; Young River and Fitzgerald range, Maxwell ; Swan River $. Drummond, n.
279. Labillardiére's specimens are said to have come from Tasmania; but there is very
likely to have been some mistake. I have been unable to examine any flowers from them,
but their habit and foliage leave no doubt as to their specific identity with those above

described.

Var. (P) brachyphylla. Leaves, as in F. punctata, scarcely more than 1 line long and very
obtuse, but not produced at the base. Drummond, 5th Coll. Suppl. n. 80.

T. F. punctata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1854, ii. 367. Shrubby and
procumbent at the base, with numerous shortly ascending branches, glabrous
or minutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, but all opposite, oblong or shortly
linear, obtuse, 1 to 14 lines long, not petiolate, but connate near the base,
and produced below their insertion into a short obtuse appendage, closely
pressed against the stem although free from it. Flowers small, on very short,
leafy, lateral shoots. Calyx cylindrical, scarcely 2 lines long. Petal-claws
free or scarcely cohering.

w, Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 137.

Orver XVI. CARYOPHYLLEZ.

Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite.. Sepals 4 or 5, persistent, free or
united in a toothed calyx, imbricate in the bud. Petals either as many as
the sepals hypogynous or slightly perigynous, entire or lobed, imbricate and
frequently contorted in the bud, or rarely minute and scale-like or none.

tamens 8, 10, or fewer, inserted with the petals. Filaments filiform.
Anthers 2-celled. Torus small or in a few Silenee lengthened into a
&ynophore, or in some Alsinee forming a small disk, shortly adnate to the base
of the calyx, or short glands between the stamens. Ovary free, 1-celled or
partially divided especially at the base into 2 to 5 cells. Styles 2 to 5, linear
and stigmatic along the inside from the base or towards the top, free or more
or less united into 1 branching style. Ovules 2 or more, often numerous,
attached to a short or columnar placenta in the centre of the ovary,
amphitropous and usually curved. Capsule membranous or crustaceous, very
rarely Succulent, opening at the top in as many or twice as many teeth
or valves as there are styles, very rarely indehiscent. Seeds several, rarely
solitary by abortion, with a membranous or crustaceous testa. Albumen
mealy, Embryo curved round the albumen, or rarely straight or nearly so,
and excentrical, with the radical inferior, or, when the embryo is circular,
turned upwards.—Herbs, very rarely shrubby at the base, usually thickened
and jointed at the nodes. Leaves opposite and entire, usually connected by
a transverse line or short sheath at the base. Stipules none, or small and
Scarious, Inflorescence centrifugal, usually forming a terminal leafy eme,
rarely paniculate or racemose, or the pedicels all axillary.

Al Order, i nt in the extratropical regions of the northern hemi-
sphere, rather Me io i He "n die eii of ect and Asia, EN in "
more temperate regious of the southern hemisphere, very rare in hot tropical coun m f
the Australian genera none are endemic. One. Po/ycarpea, is chiefly tropical and a me?
limited to the Old World ; another, Drymaria, is also chiefly tropical, but almost entirely
American ; a third, Colobanthus, is chiefly extratropical and limited to the southern hemi-
sphere ; a fourth, Stellaria, has almost as wide a range as the Order itself ; the remaining

154 XVI. CARYOPHYLLES.

genera and species, whether indigenous or introduced, are all European or East-Mediter-
ranean.

True I. Silenese.—Sepals united in a 4- or 5-toothed calyx. Petals and stamens
hypogynous, often raised on a stalk-like torus. Styles distinct from the base. Stipules 0.
Calyx many-nerved, with 2 or more bracts at the base. Styles 2.

Seeds flat. Embryo straight . de. e oo oo aa pa
Calyx broadly or obscurely 5-nerved. Styles2 . . . . . . . l. GYPSOPHILA.
Calyx 10-nerved. Styles 3 PRA AS Fo Rs 2. SILENE.

Cun 1O nerok Styles bo o o ee ari ee Ses eden E

Trise IL. Alsinese.— Sepals free or only united by the disk at their base. Petals
and stamens hypogynous or slightly perigynous, the torus not elongated. Styles distinct
from the base. Stipules 0, or rarely small and scarious.

Petals usually 2-cleft.
Capsule cylindrieal or conical, opening equally in twice as many
teeth as styles. Styles 5, opposite the sepals, or rarely 4 or 8 . 3. CERASTIUM.
Capsule globular or ovoid, opening in as many 2-cleft valves
styles. Styles 3, or if 5, alternate with the sepals . . . . 4. STELLARIA.
Petals entire or none.
Sepals 5. Styles usually 3. Capsule globular or ovoid,
No stipules. ;

Petals white; entire EE ARENARIA (p. 159).
Poss nena: ,: 404 sg Bi Sear wives. SSA
Stipules small and searious. Petals pink . . . . . . . T7. SPERGULARIA.

Sepals, styles, and capsular valves 4 or 5,
No stipules. Leaves opposite.
Stamens twice as many as sepals, or if of the same number,
ODE to a (OS Pe ae mg
Stamens of the same number as the sepals and alternate
WG S. ieee’ E E te iat urn De COON
Stipules small and scarious. Leaves clustered so as to appear
verticillate . . . es . o. . . SrxnGULA (p. 161).

5. SAGINA.

Tepe III. Polycarpese.—Sepa/s of Alsinesm. Petals usually very small or none.
Stamens 5 or fewer, hypogynous or slightly perigynous. Style single at the base, with 3
or 2 branches or minute teeth. Stipules scarious or very minute.

Petals lobed, Style very short. Stipules minute . . . . . . 8. DRYMARIA.

Petals entire. Style short. SUPUS MATOS Se x 9. POLYCARPON.

Petals eutire or notched. Style elongated. Stipules and sepals
NES SE BORG í oe Ee DUV 10; POVEIGARPAA-

D E

TRIBE I. SILENE®.—Sepals united in a 4- or 5-toothed calyx. Petals and

stamens hypogynous, often raised orf a stalk-like torus. Styles distinct from
the base. Stipules none.

1. GYPSOPHILA, Linn.

Calyx campanulate or turbinate-tubular, 5-toothed or 5-lobed, broadly
5-nerved, membranous between the nerves. Petals 5, with a narrow claw,
and without any scale. Torus small. Stamens 10. Styles’ usually a.
Capsule globular or ovoid, opening to the middle or lower down in 4 valves.
Seeds nearly reniform ; embryo curved round the albumen.—Herbs, mostly
glaucous, sometimes glandular or hirsute. Flowers usually small, numerous;
and paniculate, or solitary in the forks of the stem.

Gypsophila.) XVI. CARYOPHYLLEE, 155

A genus limited to the extratropical regions of the northern hemisphere in the Old World
EN the exception of the following species. It is chiefly distinguished from Saponaria by
e calyx.

l. G. tubulosa, Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Or. i. 11. A slender erect dichoto-
mous annual, often not above 2 or 3 in., but sometimes 8 to 10 in. high, more
or less viscid-pubescent, and often slightly hirsute. Leaves linear-subulate,
rarely attaining 4 in., and often much shorter, Pedicels in the forks, or
sometimes appearing axillary from 1 branch only being developed, 4 to 8 lines
long, erect or spreading. Calyx erect, 14 lines long, narrower than in most
Gypsophilas, with 5 prominent nerves, the teeth short and obtuse. Petals
red, narrow-oblong, a little longer than the calyx. Capsule ovoid-oblong,
rather exceeding the calyx. Seeds black, elegantly pitted under a lens.—F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 206 ; Dichoglottis tubulosa, Jaub. and Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. i.
14 1.6; D. australis, Schlecht. Linnzea, xx. 631.

n S. Wales. Cook's River and Nepean river, R. Brown; Cox's River, A. Cun-
ningham,

Victoria. Sandy localities, by no means rare, F. Mueller. i

Tasmania. (F. Mueller, |. c. Ihave seen no specimens from the island.

S. Australia. In sandy localities, near Bethanie, Behr.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 93. TEE: :

À native of the Fast, Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia, possibly introduced into
Australia and New Zealand, where it is also found ; yet from the localities where it was so
early collected by R. Brown, and its general diffusion over extratropical Australia, it is diffi-
tult to conceive how a plant unknown in those parts of Europe whence the early colonists
proceeded should have so promptly established itself. It is allied to the more common
G. muralis, which, however, has not been detected in Australia, and is always quite distiuct,
especially in the form of the calyx, which is that of a true Gypsophila, whilst G. tubulosa
18 In this respect almost intermediate between that genus and Saponaria,

2. SILENE, Linn.

Calyx 10-nerved, rarely many-nerved, 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Petals 5,
with a narrow claw, and usually with a double scale. Stamens 10. eus
usually elongated. Styles usually 3. Capsule opening in 6 or rarely 3 rs
or short valves. Seeds laterally attached; embryo curved PU T dto
men.—Herbs. Flowers solitary or cymose, often forming unilateral spikes
or an oblong thyrsus or panicle.

A very large genus, chiefly abundant in Europe, N. Africa, and temperate Asia, with a
w N. American and S, ee Ben species, and only introduced into Australia.

*l. S. gallica, Lien. DC. Prod. i. 871. A hairy, slightly viscid,
much branched annual, 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, erect or decumbent at the
se. Lower leaves small and obovate, upper ones narrow and pointed.
Flowers small, nearly sessile, generally all turned to one side, forming `
Simple or forked terminal spike, with a linear bract at the base of =
flower. Calyx very hairy, with 5 slender teeth, at first tubular, afterwar ad
Droid and much contracted at the top. Petals very small, entire or notched,
pale red or white, or in one variety with a dark spot.—S. anglica, cee aye,
cerastoides and quinguevulnera, Linn.; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Te vi. a 27 ‘an
A plant probably of South E n origin, now common in sandy, gravelly, an éi
4 abii EE Ca E i not x of the world, and established in several Austra

156 XVI. CARYOPHYLLEJE. [Silene.

. Jian colonies, especially about Swan River, from whence it is so frequently sent with in-
digenous plants, that it cannot be omitted from the Australian Flora.

Dianthus barbatus, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 355, the European Sweet- William, and D.
Armeria, Liun., DC. 1. e., a common European species, are in F. Mueller's Herbarium as in-
iroduced plants, the latter as having been found on the stony crests of the ridges on Darebin
Creek.

Lychnis Githago, Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 387, the Corn Cockle, a common cornfield weed,
probably of East Mediterranean origin, has been introduced with European corn into some
of the Australian colonies, as in many other countries. It is a tall, erect annual, clothed
with long whitish appressed hairs. Leaves long and narrow. Flowers on long leafless
peduncles, rather large and red, remarkable for the long green linear lobes of the calyx pro-

jecting much beyond the petals ; the latter are broad, undivided, without scales. Stamens .

10. Styles 5. Capsule opening in 5 teeth. :
Lychnis Cæli-rosa, Dur.; DC. Prod. i. 386, is also in F. Mueller’s Herbarium as an 1n-
iroduced plant at Shipton.

TRIBE II. ALSINEÆ.—Sepals free, or only united by the disk at their
base. Petals and stamens hypogynous or slightly perigynous, the torus not
elongated. Styles distinct from the base.

3. CERASTIUM, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, usually notched or 2-cleft. Stamens
10 or fewer. Styles 5 or 4, opposite the sepals, or rarely 3. Capsule
cylindrical or conical, often incurved, opening at the top in twice as many
teeth as styles, all equal. Seeds more or less reniform—Herbs, usually
pubescent or hirsute. Leaves rarely subulate. Cymes terminal, dichotomous,
leafy, or the floral leaves reduced to small or scarious bracts. Seeds usually
pitted or muricate.

A considerable genus, distributed chiefly over the temperate regions of the northern hemi-
sphere, more especially in the Old World, rare within the tropics except in mountain
regions. The Australian species is not endemic and perhaps introduced only.

l. C. vulgatum, Zinn.; DC. Prod. i. 415. A coarsely pubescent
usually more or less viscid annual, branching at the base, sometimes dwarf,

erect, and much branched, at others loosely ascending to 1 foot or even 9 feet, .

oceasionally forming at the end of the season dense matted tufts, which may
live through the winter, and give it the appearance of a perennial. Radical
leaves small and petiolate ; stem leaves sessile, from broadly ovate to narrow
oblong. Sepals 2 to 24 lines long, green and pubescent, but with more or
less conspicuous scarious margins. Petals seldom exceeding the calyx, aD
often much shorter, sometimes very minute, or even none. Stamens often
reduced to 5 or fewer. Capsule cylindrical, often curved and projecting
beyond the calyx.—Reichb. le. Fl. Germ. v. t. 228, 229 ; C. viscosum, Linn. ;
DC. 1. c. 416.

Queensland. Near Brisbane, Henne.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson aud Paramatta, but in the former case introduced,
R. Brown ; Clarence river, Beckler ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.
_ Victoria. Common about Melbourne, also on the Murray, F. Mueller; Wimmera
river, Dal/achy.

Tasmania. Widely diffused even in almost inaccessible places, as among rocks on the
North Esk river, Gunn, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. In good soils, Behr.

e

EE

Cerastium.] XVI. CARYOPHYLLEX. 157

W. Australia. Common about Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., 2nd Coll. n. 698,
Coll, 1848, n. 107. ;

Exceedingly common in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and now
naturalized in many parts of the globe. In Australia also it is evidently introduced in many
localities, but probably also indigenous. Brown, in 1802, distinguished as such his Para-
matta specimens from the evidently introduced ones of Port Jackson, and Gunn found it
abundant in Tasmania in localities where it was difficult to believe it to be a foreign impor-
tation. The Australian varieties are some of those most common in Europe ; the var.
glomeratum, DC. l. c., with broad orbicular leaves and compact inflorescence, most abundant
in Victoria and Tasmania, and the var. viscosum, with oblong or narrow leaves and loose
elongated cymes, in N. S. Wales and W. Australia; but very many specimens are quite
intermediate. The smaller forms, with 4-merous flowers or 5 or fewer stamens, are not
among the Australian specimens I have seen.

4, STELLARIA, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, usually 2-cleft, rarely wanting.
Stamens 10 or fewer, Styles 3, rarely 2 or 4, or very rarely 5, and then
allernate with the sepals. Capsule globular, ovoid or oblong, opening to
below the middle in twice as many valves as styles. or in an equal number of
2-cleft valves.— Herbs usually diffuse, tufted or ascending, glabrous or
pubescent. Leaves rarely subulate. Flowers solitary, or in loose leafless or
leafy cymes. Seeds usually pitted or muricate.
A considerable genus, spread over nearly the whole globe, although within the M
confined to mountain districts. Of the 5 Australian species 3 are endemic, one, S. g/auca,
= truly indigenous, is identical with a European species, the fifth, S. media, is an in-
uced weed,

Petals longer than or nearly as long as the sepals. i
LM sessile, linear or lanceolate. Pedicels axillary. Peren-
nials,
Leaves rigid and pungent, mostly linear-lanceolate, often recurved. 1. S. pungens,

Leaves linear, slender — . Sis hp se uui Ce act dope a & mae
Leaves mostly petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. — Pedicels axillary. s ‘da
Perennial without any pubescent line... . q s : s ctun t But.
aves sessile or petiolate, broadly ovate. Pedicels in the forks. he dë,
Annual, with a pubescent line down each internode . . . - : D ultiflora
Petals none, Annual, with small sessile leaves . - > - > + + + 5.9 :

l. S. pungens, Brongn. Voy. Cog. t. 18. Perennial aud very —
branched, decumbent or ascending amongst bushes, often to 3 or 4 hs
angular branches, smooth and shining, glabrous, or hirsute with v
scattered hairs. Leaves lanceolate to linear, rigid and pungent, E ll
to 4 lines long, and never exceeding } in., often spreading or oa at f =
sessile or scarcely narrowed at the base, the lower ones sometimes kn m
crowded. Pedicels axillary, very variable in length, but vsually NE
exceeding the leaves. Sepals rigid, pungent, about 3 lines long, t deer
ones prominently 3-nerved. Petals about as lie of nie: ore Af
Cleft—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i, 44.; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 209 ; S. squarrosa,
Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 250. ; New En
lant S. Wales. Blue Mountains and adjoining districts, A. Cunningham ; New Eng-

nd, C. Stuart.
UD eiaiee Rocky, stony, or sandy places, not unfrequent — e? rebar
mon, colony, ascending to the Australian Alps, but not extending into
weller,

158 XVI. CARYOPHYLLE®. [Stellaria.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; common in rich and poor, moist and dry
soils, J. D. Hooker.

2. S. glauca, With.; DC. Prod. i. 397.—Perennial, usually glabrous,
smooth, and shining, with slender ascending or erect branches, often 1 to
2 ft. high, but sometimes low and intricate. Leaves linear, acute, 2 to
12 in. long, or the upper ones short. Pedicels axillary or terminal, slender
but rigid, longer than the leaves. Sepals very acute, 3-nerved, about 3 lines
long when in flower. Petals about as long, or rather longer, deeply cleft.
Capsule ovate, much shorter than the calyx, which usually lengthens after
flowering.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 223; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 44. F.
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 210; S. angustifolia, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 250.

Queensland. Plains of the Condamine river, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Marshy places, Longmeadow, etc., R. Brown; Lachlan river, 4. Cun-
ningham.

‘Victoria. Moist, rocky, grassy, or sandy localities, scattered over a considerable extent
of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Marshes in various localities, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Extending to St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. cespitosa, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 44. Stems short and very intricate, or densely
tufted. Leaves lanceolate-linear. Sepals short and more obtuse.— S. cespitosa, Hook.
f.in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 411. ‘Tasmania, Gunn; and on the Murray in Victoria, F.
Mueller. The specimens show a very gradual passage from this form to the elongated one,
in the leaves as well as in the sepals. A similar gradation takes place in the N. American
E longipes, an allied species, yet, to my eyes, always distinct in inflorescence as well as in

oliage.

Var. (?) Zeptoclada. Annualor, at any rate, flowering the first year, with slender, ascend-
ing, erect stems of 5 to 6 in., much branched at the base. Pedicels slender. Flowers
small, as in the last variety, but the sepals more acute.—New England, C. Stuart.

Var. (P) zenella. Tufted and intricately branched, like the var. cespitosa, but smaller and
much more slender, with crowded, very small leaves; one specimen, with some branches
elongated, with narrow-linear leaves. Flowers few, small. Sepals rather obtuse.

Victoria. Near Melbourne, Adamson ; Glenelg river, Robertson. 2

Tasmania. Derwent river and Kitt's Group in Bass’s Straits, R. Brown; granite
rocks in St. Patrick's river, Gunn. d

The S. g/auca is generally diffused over Europe and temperate Asia, and the Australian
form, in its elongated state; cannot at all be distinguished from many European specimens
grown in similar localities. The northern plant has, however, more frequently larger petals,
and has sometimes a tendency to assume a paniculate inflorescence, with the floral leaves
reduced to small bracts, approaching that of S. graminea ; the Australian plant, on the
contrary, tends rather, in its extreme varieties, towards the intricate stems and habit
S. pungens.

3. S. flaccida, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.i.275. Apparently perennial, with
weak and decumbent very intricate branches, often extending to several feet,
glabrous and shining, or with loose spreading scattered hairs especially about
the nodes. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, very acute, thin and flaccid, often un-
dulate on the margin, narrowed and ciliate at the base, rarely exceeding $m
without the petiole, which is long in the lower leaves, short or none in the
upper ones. Pedicels all axillary, and usually 1 to 11 in. long. Sepals 2 to
21 lines long, broadly lanceolate, acute, with a scarious border, usually 3-
nerved, but the lateral nerves often very faint, often ciliate. Petals rather
longer, deeply cleft. Capsule ovoid, usually exceeding the calyx.—S. media,
var., Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 43; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 211.

Stellaria. | XVI. CARYOPHYLLEJX. 159

N. S. Wales. Shoal Spit Reach, R. Brown ; Hastings river, Becker.
Victoria. Shady humid places, forest lands, and gravelly banks of rivers, from the
lowlands to the highest Alps, F. Mueller.
peu Dense thickets and shady places, J. D. Hooker; Port Dalrymple, R.
rown.

. I cannot agree in considering this a variety of S. media. Besides the difference in habit,
in the shape of the leaves aud sepals, and in the inflorescence, the hairs, when present, are
long cilia on the edges and nerves of the leaves and sepals, or on the angles of the branches,
without any trace of the unilateral pubescence between two angles so constant in S. media.

*4. S. media, Linn. DC. Prod.i.396. A weak, much-branched annual,
glabrous with the exception of a pubescent line down one side of each inter-
node, and a few long hairs on the petioles, and sometimes on the sepals.
Leaves ovate, shortly pointed, the lowest on long petioles, short and broad,
and sometimes cordate, the upper ones on shorter petioles or quite sessile, 4
to 4 in. long, thin and flaccid. Pedicels slender, often drooping, in the forks
of the branches, the upper ones usually forming a rather dense leafy cyme,
very rarely one of the lowest axillary from the abortion of one fork. Sepals
about 2 lines long, obtuse or rarely rather acute, thin but green, with scarcely
prominent nerves, and usually pubescent. Petals about as long, deeply cleft.
Capsule scarcely longer than the calyx.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 222.

Originating, probably, in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere in the Old
World, this plant is now a common weed in cultivated places, especially gardens, as well as
m waste places, almost all over the globe, and as such is found in most of the Australian

o especially Victoria, F. Mueller, and W. Australia, about Swan River, Drummond,
n, 244

5. S. multiflora, Hook. in Comp. Bot. Mag.i.275. A slender, glabrous,
branching annual, with decumbent or erect stems, usually under 6 in. Leaves
Sessile, or the lowest petiolate, mostly lanceolate, 2 to 3, or rarely 4 lines long,
the upper ones very small. Pedicels axillary, sometimes all shorter than the
calyx, in other specimens all filiform but rigid, 3 to 6 lines long. Sepals

nceolate, very acute, about 2 lines long, 3-nerved or strongly 1-nerved.
Petals none. “Stamens short, those alternating with the sepals often rudi-
mentary or wanting. Capsule as long as or longer than the sepals. Seeds
tubereulate.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 43; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 212.

. Victoria. Sandy, grassy, and rocky localities, not uncommon as well in the lowlands
as in the mountain regions, ascending to the Alps, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. On grassy dry pastures and rocks, ete., common, J. D. Hooker. x

S. Australia. Distributed over the southern and eastern parts of the colony, F.
iat Remarkably luxuriant specimens from Rivoli Bay considerably exceed $ ft. in

ngth.

Ww. Australia, Drummond, n. 695.

„Arenaria serpyllifolia, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 411. A very much branched, slender, €
slightly pubescent annual, seldom attaining 6 in. Leaves very small, ovate, and poin :
Pedicels from ‘the upper axils or forks, 2 to 3 lines long, and slender. Sepals 5, eg? x
Dr l4 lines long. Petals usually much shorter, white, obovate, entire. Stamens 10.

yles 3. Capsule short, opening in 6 narrow valves.

. Common n Europe dod opani Asia, on walls and muddy, stony, or waste places,
‘nd now almost naturalized in several of the Australian colonies.

5. SAGINA, Linn.
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, entire or scarcely notched, or none. Sta-

160 XVI. CARYOPHYLLEA. [Sagina.

mens 8, 10, or fewer. Styles as many as sepals, and alternate with them.
Capsule opening to the base into as many valves as styles, alternating with
the sepals.—Small matted or tufted herbs, with subulate leaves and small
flowers, usually borne on long pedicels.

A small genus, dispersed over the temperate or cooler regions of the northern hemisphere,
the commonest species also abundant in the southern hemisphere.

1. S. procumbens, Linn. DC. Prod. 1. 280. A minute annual or rarely
perennial, 1 to 2 in. or rarely 3 in. high, usually branching from the base and
decumbent, forming little spreading tufts, glabrous or very minutely pubes-
cent. Leaves small and subulate, joined by a short scarious sheath, the radi-
cal ones longer and tufted. Flowers very small, on capillary peduncles longer
than the leaves. Sepals 4, about 1 line long. Petals much shorter, often
wanting. Valves of the capsule as long as the sepals or rather longer. All
these parts usually in fours, but occasionally met with in fives.—Reichb. Ic.
Fl. Germ. t. 206; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 208; S. apetala, Linn. ; DC. Le:
Reiehb. Let 200. z

Victoria. Morasses and mossy valleys between Mount Seviter and Limestone river, at
an elevation of 4000 feet (the perennial form); the common annual form abundant about
Melbourne, Port Phillip, etc., F. Mueller.

S. Australia. St. Vincent’s Gulf, lofty ranges, ete., F. Mueller.

Very abundant, in a great variety of situations, over the whole range of the genus.

6. COLOBANTHUS, Bartl.

Sepals 4 or 5. Petals none. Stamens as many as sepals and alternating
with them, slightly perigynous. Styles as many as sepals and opposite to
them. Capsule opening in as many valves as sepals, and opposite to them.—
Small tufted herbs, glabrous and often somewhat fleshy. Leaves narrow, or
short and imbricate. Flowers solitary.

A small genus, spread over the mountainous or antarctic regions of South America, Aus-
tralia, and New Zealand. Both the Australian species are common to New Zealand and
Antarctic America. The genus has been referred by Fenzl to Portulacee, ou account of
the position of the stamens; but all other characters are much more those of Caryophyllee.
Leaves short and spreading. Flowers nearly sessile . . . . . . 1. C. subulatus.
Leaves erect or elongated. Pedicels much longer than the calyx. . . 2. C. Billardiert.

1. C. subulatus, Hook. f. Fl. Ant. i. 13, t. 93, and ii. ¢. 47. Stems
short, with crowded leaves, forming dense moss-like tufts often covering a
considerable space of ground. Leaves linear, concave and strongly keeled,
with a fine almost pungent point, 2 or rarely 3 lines long, rigid and spreading.
Flowers almost sessile within the tufts of leaves, and not exceeding them.
Sepals 5, about 14 lines long, lanceolate, acute and rigid. Capsule nearly as
long as the calyx.—Spergula subulata, Durv. Fl. Malouin. 51, not of Swartz;
Colobanthus Benthamianus, Fenzl, in Ann. Mus. Vind. i. 49 (the plate quoted
from Endl, Atakt. never published); C. pulvinatus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil.
Soc. Vict. i. 201, and Pl. Vict. i. 213, t. 11. .

Victoria. Bare gravelly summits of the Munyang mountains, buried the greater part
of the year under snow, not occurring below 6000 ft., F. Mueller. e

The species is also found in New Zealand and in Antarctic America. The New Zealand
specimens, and some of those from Campbell’s Island, are precisely like the Australian

D

Colobanthus.) XVI. CARYOPIIYLLE.F. 161

ones; others have more elongated stems, and less rigid leaves; and the Hermit Island
specimens have always 4-merous flowers ; whilst in all others they are usually, if not always,
5-merous.

2. C. Billardieri, Fenzl, in Ann. Mus. Vind.i.49. A small, densely
tufted, almost stemless perennial. Leaves in closely crowded tufts, linear-subu-
late, sometimes very rigid and not 4 in. long, more frequently 1 in. long or
more, somewhat flaccid, 1 line broad and sheathing at the base, and attenuated
into a long point, sometimes filiform and grass-like, 4 to 1 in. long. Peduncles
1-flowered from the centre of the leaf-tufts, shorter or longer than the leaves,
but always longer than the calyx, slightly thickened under the flower. Sepals 5,
broadly lanceolate, very finely pointed, about 2 lines long. Capsule from glo-
bular to ovoid, shorter or longer than the calyx.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 45;
F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 212; Spergula apetala, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 112.
t. 142; DC. Prod. i. 395; Spergula affinis, Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 266; Coloban-
thus affinis, Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 410, and Fl. Tasm. i. 45. `

Victoria. Rocky hills near Warnambool, Hannaford.

Tasmania, Labillardicre ; Kent’s Gronp, Bass’s Straits, R. Brown ; northern and cen-
tral parts of the island, alpine districts of the Hampshire kills, and Franklyn river, J. D.
Hooker ; Southport, C. Stuart. à

Two forms have been described, but they pass very much one into the other, the dif-
ferences in the form of the capsules not corresponding with the variations in the leaves,
The species occurs also in New Zealand and in Campbell’s Island.

Spergula arvensis, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 394. A slender annual, branching at the base
into several erect or ascending stems, 6 in. to 1 ft. high, glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Leaves almost subulate, 1 to 2 in. long, in opposite clusters aud spreading so as to appear
verticillate. Stipules scarious, very minute, sometimes very difficult to sce. Flowers small,
White, ou long pedicels, in terminal forked cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, undivided, gene-
rally rather shorter than the calyx. Stamens 10, or occasionally 5 or fewer. Styles 5,
alternate with the sepals. Capsule deeply 5-valved. Seeds slightly flattened, with or with-
out a scarious border, `

Common in Europe and temperate Asia in cultivated and waste places, and now dispersed
over various parts of the world as a cornfield weed, aud introduced as such into the Austra-

lian colonies, especially Swan River, Drummond.

1. SPERGULARIA, Pers.
(Lepigonum, Fries.)

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire- or rarely 0. Stamens 10 or fewer. Styles 3.
Capsule 3-valved.— Herbs usually diffuse. Leaves linear or filiform, often
clustered in the axils so as to appear verticillate. Stipules small, scarious.

lowers pedicellate, pink or white, in the forks of the stem or in terminal

cymes or one-sided racemes. ` Seeds with or without a scarious border.

A small genus, widely dispersed over the temperate or subtropical regions of the globe,
chiefly in maritime or Salas localities, or heathy places, differing from — —
y in the presence of stipules. "The Australian species is the same as

one,
- S. rubra, Pers. Syn. i. 504 (as a subgenus of <Arenaria).
il, eg) rarely S RES glabrous or with a short viscid p
the upper parts, with numerous stems branching from the base an €—
spreading or prostrate tufts 3 or 4 in., or when luxuriant 6 in. long. Leaves
narrow-linear, the scarious stipules at the base short but —
VOL. I. e

162 XVI. CARYOPHYLLEJE. [ Spergularia.

Flowers very variable in size, usually pink, on short pedicels, in forked cymes,
usually leafy at the base. Petals shorter, or rather longer than the sepals.
Seeds more or less flattened, often surrounded by a narrow scarious border or
wing.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 108; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 41; F. Muell. Pl.
"Viet. i. 207; Arenaria rubra and A. media, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 401 ;
Lepigonum rubrum, ete., Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. iii. 32; L. brevifolium,
Bartl, in Pl. Preiss. i. 243; L. anceps and L. laxiflorum, Bartl. l. c. 244 (of
these last I have only seen authentic specimens of L. anceps) ; Spergularia
rupestris, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 9; Schlecht. in Linnea, xx. 632.

N. S. Wales. Argyle county and Field's Plains, 4. and R. Cunningham; New
England, C. Stuart; Darling river, Victorian Expedition. :

Victoria. Coast meadows and subsaline tracts of the interior, on clayey and sandy
soil, not unfrequent, ascending occasionally into mountainous tracts, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant on the seacoast, J. D. Hooker. S

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, St. Vincent’s Gulf, ete., F. Mueller. 4

W. Australia, Drummond, lst Coll, 5th Coll. n. 201 and 243, Preiss, n. 1944,
Oldfield, and others. á

Widely spread over Europe, temperate Asia, aud North America, and some parts of South `
America, chiefly in maritime countries or in sandy heathy places more inland. There wi
two, often rather marked varieties, one chiefly occurring inland has slender leaves, sma
flowers, and short capsules, with the sceds less frequently bordered than in the larger variety,
which has a sometimes perennial stock, thicker somewhat fleshy leaves, and larger flowers.
Both forms occur in Australia and pass into each other as they do in Europe, the larger
more succulent ones are, however, the most common in Australia.

TRIBE 3. POLYCARPE®.— Sepals free, or only united by the disk at their
base. Petals usually very small, thin and almost transparent or none, ocea-
sionally united with the stamens at the base. Stamens 5 or fewer, hypogY-
nous or slightly perigynous. Style single, at least at the base, with 3 or 2
branches or minute teeth.

8. DRYMARIA, Willd.

Sepals 5, herbaceous or scarious on the edge. Petals 5, 2- to 6-cleft. Sta-
mens 5 or fewer, slightly perigynous. Style 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved.
Seeds laterally attached ; embryo curved round the albumen.—Herbs usually
diffuse, rarely erect, with dichotomous branches. Leaves flat, broad or nar-
row. Stipules very small, sometimes very fugacious or wanting. Flowers
pedicellate, usually small, either solitary in the forks, or in little axillary oF
terminal cymes. Petals usually shorter than the calyx.

The genus comprises a considerable number of American species, one of which is als

widely spread over the tropical regions of Asia and Africa, The Australian species 18 €07 ,
demie, and the only one whichis not American, `

1. D. filiformis, Benth. A glabrous annual, very much branched at ,

the base, with erect dichotomous very slender shining stems 6 to 8 in. !
Leaves chiefly crowded in a dense tuft at the base of the stem, narrow- ER
almost filiform, many of them above 1 in. long, the upper leaves few and s
soon passing into minute bracts. Stipules none. Pedicels in the forks, filiform, —
about 4 in. long. Sepals about 1 line long, narrow and acute, green, shorty ` `
connate at the base. Petals about one-third as long as the calyx, deeply qe

vided into 2 narrow lobes, very thin and transparent, and often very difficult

to find. Ovary oblong, with an exceedingly short style, divided into 3 short

-

Drymaria.] XVI. CARYOPHYLLE X. 163

oblong-linear stigmatic branches. Capsule cylindrical, from half as long again

to twice as long as the calyx, opening in 3 valves, which soon split into twice
that number. ;

W. Australia, Drummond, n, 694,

This is a very distinct plant, with something of the habit of a Mollugo, and the in-
florescence of Gypsophila tubulosa. The structure is that of Drymaria, and in that
genus it approaches nearest to D. effusa and D. tenella, A. Gr., from New Mexico,

ving similar narrow leaves without stipules; but the slender pedicels and cylindrieal cap-
sule distinguish it at once.
LJ

9. POLYCARPON, Linn.

Sepals 5, keeled, scarious on the margin. Petals 5, small, entire or notched.
Stamens 3 to 5. Style short, 3-cleft. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds laterally
attached near the base; embryo excentrical, curved or nearly straight, the
cotyledons incumbent or oblique.—Herbs either diffuse or dichotomously
branched, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves flat, usnally ovate or oblong, often
apparently, but not really, in whorls of 4. Stipules carious. Flowers small,
numerous, in terminal cymes, with scarious bracts.

A genns of very few species, dispersed over the temperate and tropical regions of the
globe. The Australian species is identical with the commonest northern one.

l. P. tetraphyllum, Linn. f.; DC. Prod. iii. 376. A glabrous, much

branched, spreading or prostrate annual, seldom more than 3 or 4 in. long.
ves obovate or oblong, really opposite, but placed as they usually are un-
der the forks, two pairs are so close together as to assume the appearance of
à whorl of A. Flowers very small and numerous, in loose terminal cymes.
als barely 1 line long, Petals much shorter and very thin. Stamens

usually 3.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 205.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and others. :

Victoria. [m light soil, widely dispersed over the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Perhaps introduced, eg
S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Herb. Mueller.

Ww. Australia, Drummond and others. : :

Very common in sandy situations, chiefly not far from. the sea, in Europe, temperate Asia,
» greater part of Africa, and in many parts of North and South America; but unknown
In tropical or subtropical Asia. `

P alsinefolium, DC. Prod. iii. 376, a maritime variety, with thicker succulent leaves
and often, but not always, 5 stamens, not uncommon in the Mediterranean region, is given
CG Australian on the authority of Sieber’s specimens, n. 570, which I have not seen, nor
have I met with the variety in any Australian collection. All the Port Jackson specimens
Which I have seen, although maritime, are thin-leaved and 3-androus.

10. POLYCARPJEA, Lour.
(Aylmeria, Mart.)

Sepals 5, either entirely scarious, or herbaceous in the centre and scarious
on the margin, but not keeled. Petals 5, entire or toothed. Stamens 5, hy-
Pogynous or slightly perigynous, free or united with the petals in a ring or
C je, Style elongated, 3-furrowed, 3-toothed, or shortly 3-lobed at the top.
“apsule 3-valved. Seeds obovoid or flattened; embryo curved or nearly
Straight ; cotyledons usually (perhaps always) aceumbent.—-Annual or peren-

M 2

164 XVI. CARYOPHYLLE Æ: [Polycarpeæa.

nial herbs; erect or diffuse. Leaves narrow-linear or rarely ovate, often clus-
tered in the axils so as to appear verticillate. Stipules scarious. Flowers
usually numerous, in terminal cymes, sometimes loose and paniculate, some-
times dense and capitate, often remarkable for the white, pink or purple sca-
rious sepals and bracts.

The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, one,
the commonest species, extending also into tropical America. The 9 Australian species are
all tropical ; one is the above-mentioned common one, another, P. spicata, is also Asiatic, the
7 others are endemic, "n

Secr. 1. Planchonia, J. Gay. —Petals and stamens united in a cup or tube, without
staminodia.

Stems hard and almost woody at the base, the radical leaves soon dis-
appearing. Leaves all narrow. Flowers 3 to 4 lines.
Stem tall, pubescent. Corolla-tube shorter than the free part. :
Stamens the length of the petals. Capsule short, obtuse . . 1. P. longiflora.
Stems short, glabrous. Corolla-tube longer than the free part.
` Stamens much longer than the petals. Capsule oblong, tapering

pe a e wa eee E MU v spirostyles.
Stems herbaceous, several from a rosette of oblong or obovate radical
leaves. Stem-leaves narrow. Flowers lito 3 lines. . . . 8. P. synandra.

Sect, 2. Aylmeria, Mart.—Petals and stamens free or nearly so, with 5 short stami-
nodia inside the petals and opposite to them.
Sepals purple, glabrous, nearly 3 lines long. Stamens and petals
oc 9 dcin B sede p c MEME AC Rue dE EM T ee
Sepals white or yellowish, hairy, about 2 lines long. Stamens and p
petals very perigynous sxc Ge Ne e qooanm rec. ode Posee
Sect. 3. Polycarpia.—Petals and stamens free or united in a ring at the base, with-
out staminodia.

Stems simple or hard and woody at the base. Radical leaves soon
disappearing. >
Flowers 1} lines. Petals rounded and very obtuse. Capsule much
abipter than the sepala < s-r s ao aa be SC
Flowers less than 1 line. Petals oval-oblong, acute, or toothed at
the top. Capsule rather shorter or longer than the sepals . . T. P. breviflora.
ie herbaceous, several from a rosette of oblong or obovate radical
eaves.
Flower-heads pedunculate, with scarious bracts . . . . . . 8. P.spicata. ` `
Flower-heads closely sessile, surronnded by herbaceous floral leaves 9. P. involucrata.

6. P. corymbosa.

SECTION 1. PLANCHONIA, J. Gay, in Herb. Hook.—Petals and stamens
bees in a cup or tube without staminodia. Sepals very scarious, often rather
arge.

1. P. longiflora, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 8. Pubescent, erect
and rigid, 1 to 2 ft. high, divided at the base into several erect branches.
Leaves narrow-linear, acute or ending in a hair-like point, rigid, silky-hairy,
often above 3 in. long, with smaller ones clustered in their axils; the upper
ones small and distant. Flowers large, brown red or purple, shortly pedicel-
late in dense terminal corymbose cymes or heads. Sepals fully 3 lines long,
scarious, with a prominent midrib, the inner ones narrower, more acute an
more deeply coloured than the outer. Petals hypogynous, united with the
stamens in a campanulate tube not 1 line long, their free parts considerably

D

Polycarpea.] XVI. CARYOPHYLLEX. 165

longer and shortly bifid at the point. Filaments about as long as the petals.
Ovary almost sessile. Style long and subulate. Capsule short ovoid,
obtuse,
N. Australia. Grassy flats along the Victoria river and other parts of Arnhem's Land,
F. Mueller ; N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Nichol Bay, Walcott.
Var. leucantha. Leaves larger, broader, and less rigid. Sepals completely scarious and
white, without any prominent midrib.— Victoria river, F. Mueller.

2. P. spirostyles, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exp. 8. Glabrous and often
very glaucous, woody at the base, with numerous rigid opposite or dichoto-
mous branches, our specimens not exceeding 6 in. Leaves very narrow-linear,
the margins revolute so as to be almost terete and filiform, rarely exceeding
2 in., often clustered. Stipules small, with subulate points. Flowers large,
on very short pedicels, either few in the upper forks, or forming at length
a broad corymbose cyme. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long, acute, white and scarious
with a prominent midrib, the outer ones shorter and broader than the inner.
Petals and stamens perigynous, united in a tube of fully 2 lines, with the
slender filaments projecting considerably beyond the free oblong tops of the
petals. Ovary shortly stipitate, tapering into a long spirally twisted decidu-
ous style. Capsule stipitate, oblong, tapering at the top, nearly as long as
the sepals. Seeds numerous, very small.

N. Australia. Gilbert’s River, F, Mueller.

3. P. synandra, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 8. A glabrous an-
nual, with a rosette of petiolate spathulate or oblong radical leaves. Stems
several, erect or deeumbent, not above 6 in. high, with dichotomous or clus-
tered branches. Leaves narrow-linear, with recurved or revolute margins, the
longer ones above 4 in., but mostly shorter, and not much clustered. Stipules
small, with fine points. Flowers rather larger than in P. corymbosa, in small
rather loose corymbose cymes, all more or less pedicellate, the floral leaves all
reduced to scarious bracts. Sepals about 2 lines or nearly 3 lines long in the
capitate variety, white and scarious with a prominent midrib often purple.
Petals united with the stamens in a tube of about 1 line, their free part shorter
and entire, sometimes very short, the filaments about the same length. Ovary
sessile, with a subulate style. Capsule oblong, tapering at the top, with few
seeds,

N. Australia. Hooker’s Creek and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller. js

S. Australia. In the interior at Wirrawirraloo, Bubdaye’s Expedition. lobul

Var. (?) densiflora. leaves small and few. Flowers larger, in a dense, nearly globular

head of 1 in. di D 2
i Erbe peri d uidi ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton,

Thozet.
Var. gracilis. More slender. Sepals about 1} lines long. Petals rather broad, notched.
N. Australia, Port Essington, A. Cunningham, Armstrong.

o arly so

Section 2. AYLMERIA, Mart.—Petals and stamens free or nearly so,

With 5 short staminodia inside the petals and opposite to them. Sepals very
Scarious. e

4. P. violacea, Benth. Pubescent, erect and slightly E. 1 E 3
ft. high. Leaves narrow-linear, flat or concave, 3 to.1 in. long, often clus-

D

166 XVI. CARYOPHYLLEJE. [.Polycarpea.

tered in the axils, the upper ones small and distant. Stipules scarious, lan-
ceolate with fine points. Flowers purple, in dense terminal leafless corym-
bose cymes or heads, more or less pedicellate, the floral leaves all reduced to
scarious bracts. Sepals nearly 3 lines long, with a prominent midrib, the
outer ones shorter and rather less coloured. Petals free, about $ as long as
the sepals, oblong-lanceolate, obtusely bifid. Stamens about as long as
the petals, the filaments filiform, united at the base in a ring, with as many
minute filiform staminodia opposite the petals. Style subulate. Capsule
short, globular, with few seeds.—Aylmeria violacea and A. rosea, Mart. in
Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xiii. 277; Achyranthes violacea, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post.
102, and A. rosea, Spreng. 1. c. 103.
N. Australia. Croker's Island, 4. Cunningham; Port Essington, Armstrong.

5. P. staminodina, F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exp. 8. Pubescent, with
erect, opposite or sometimes clustered branches, 3 to 1 ft. high. Leaves nar-
row-linear or the lower ones linear-lanceolate, flat, the larger ones ¢ to ¢ M.,
with smaller ones clustered in their axils. Stipules with long subulate points.
Flowers larger than in P. corymbosa, in terminal cymes or heads, forming an
irregular general corymb; the floral leaves all reduced to scarious bracts.
Sepals about 2 lines long, scarious and pubescent, white or slightly yellowish,
without any prominent midrib. Petals almost free, inserted with the stamens
on a thickened perigynous disk, lanceolate, entire, rather more than half the
length of the sepals. Stamens about as long, alternating with short filiform
staminodia opposite the petals. Ovary short, with a rather short style. Cap-
sule small, sessile or shortly stipitate, with few seeds.

N. Australia. Sources of the Victoria river, Hooker’s Creek and Sturt’s Creek, F.
Mueller.

SECTION 3. POLYCARPIA.— Petals and stamens free or united in a ring
at the base. Sepals entirely or partially scarious. .

6. P. corymbosa, Lam. Illustr. n. 2798. Minutely pubescent or rarely

almost glabrous, with erect, rather slender, but stiff branches, 4 to 1 or even `

lj ft. high. Leaves from narrow-linear to almost subulate, rarely linear-
lanceolate, flat or with revolute margins, the longer ones } to 1 in., with sm d
ones clustered in their axils, the upper ones much smaller and often few an
distant. Stipules tapering to a fine point. Flowers numerous, in dense eg
minal corymbose cymes, sometimes all forming one dense mass on the top ©
an otherwise simple stem, sometimes the cymes numerous and loosely panicu-
late. Floral leaves all reduced to scarious bracts. Sepals about 14 lines long,
white and scarious, without any prominent midrib, but tapering to a fine
point. Petals quite free, not 4 line long, broadly ovate, very obtuse and rather
firm. Stamens often shorter. Style very short. Capsule ovoid or oblong;
much shorter than the sepals.—DC. Prod. iii. 374; Wight, Ie. Pl. Ind. Or.
t. 712.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria river and Albany Island, F. M. ueller ;
Lizard Island, Keppel’s Island, and Port Curtis, M*Gi//ivray.

The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa, and is found also in Brazil and
Guiana.

7. P. breviflora, F. Muell. in Rep. Balb. Exp.9. Glabrous or pubes-

-

ee EE I. — ee
^ E^

Polycarpea.] XVI. CARYOPHYLLEJ. 167

cent, and very nearly allied to P. corymbosa, but more slender and divaricately
branched, and at once known by its very much smaller flowers. Sepals
scarcely 1 line long, broader and less acuminate than in P. corymbosa, petals
much narrower, not so obtuse and usually denticulate at the top; stamens
much more perigynous; capsule longer in proportion, occasionally even ex-
ceeding the sepals.

N. Australia. N.coast, R. Brown; Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Islands of Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

8. P. spicata, Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 91. A small glabrous an-
nual, seldom attaining 6 in. and often not half that size. Radical leaves ro-
sulate, obovate or oblong, on long petioles. Stems several, decumbent or
erect, with few spreading dichotomous or clustered slender branches. Leaves
under the branches in small false whorls, spathulate or obovate-oblong, 2 to 3
lines long, including the petiole. Stipules short, broadly scarious, with a fine
point. Flowers small, white, in small dense terminal cymes or heads, the
floral leaves all reduced to short obtuse scarious bracts. Sepals rather more
than 1 line long, scarious, the outer one with a broad thick centre, the others
with a narrow slightly thickened midrib. Petals very minute and subulate,
almost free from the short stamens. Style short. Capsule small, nearly
globular.—Wight, Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 510; P. staticeformis, Steud. Nom. ed.
2, ii. 369.

N. Australia. N.W, coast, Bynoe. ;

The species ranges over the sandy distriets of Arabia and the East Indian Peninsula.

9. P. involucrata, P Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 9. Pubescent, with
numerous erect or decumbent rigid dichotomous stems of 2 to 4 in. or rarely
twiee that length. Radical leaves rosulate, oblong or nearly obovate, nar-
rowed into long petioles; stem-leaves more sessile, narrow-oblong or lanceo-
late, rather rigid, obtuse or the upper ones acute, 2 to 4 lines long, the floral
ones in false whorls of 4 to 8. Flowers several together in sessile heads, in
the forks or at the ends of the branches, rarely exceeding the herbaceous floral
“aves. Sepals white, finely pointed, 2 to near 3 lines long; the outer ones
thickened and cartilaginous at the base. Petals oblong, about 4 the length
of the sepals, slightly united with the stamens in a ring at the base. Style
ge? (se with a capitate slightly furrowed stigma. Capsule small, ovoid-
globular,

_N. Australia. Hooker's Creek, Sturt’s Creek, and near the sources of the Victoria
river, F. Mueller,

Order XVII. PORTULACEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals fewer than petals, usually 2, free
or rarely adnate to the ovary at the base, usually broad, imbricate in the bud.
etals 4 or 5, rarely more, hypogynous or rarely perigynous, imbricate in the
ud. Stamens inserted with the petals and often adhering to their base, of
the same number or fewer and opposite to them or indefinite ; anthers 2-celled.
~ Vary free or rarely half-inferior, 1-celled. Style more or less deeply divided
Into 3 or rarely 2 or more than 3 branches, stigmatic along the inner side.
vutes 2 or more, amphitropous, with an inferior micropyle, attached to funi-

168 XVII. PORTULACER.

cles erect from the base of the cavity, and free or united in a central column,
or in as many clusters as style-branches. Seeds several or solitary by abor-
tion, usually more or less reniform, with a lateral hilum ; testa crustaceous,
sometimes with a caruncle at the hilum. Embryo more or less curved round
the mealy albumen, or rarely nearly straight with very little albumen.—Herbs
rarely shrubby at the base, usually glabrous and succulent or clothed with
long hairs. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire. Stipules scarious or split
into hairs or none. Flowers terminal and solitary, or in racemes cymes or
panicles, or rarely axillary. Petals usually very fugacious or withering in a
mass. . ;

A small Order, chiefly American, with a few species dispersed over other parts of the
world, especially S. Africa and Australia. The Australian genera are none of them endemie,
2 of them being chiefly American, and the otber 2 generally distributed over the globe.
The chief characters, derived from the ovary and seeds, are those of Caryophyllee, from
which Portulacec differ in habit, in the number and position of the stamens, and especially
in their calyx.

Ovary half-inferior. Petala and stamens perigynous . . . . . . l. PORTULACA.

Ovary superior. Petals and stamens hypogynous.
Petals free,
Stamens 5, opposite the petals, and inserted on their base . . . 8. CLAYTONIA.

Stamens indefinite, often numerous, rarely and irregularly reduced
(uu Qo. ee o PONAM EU V o1 Se SCL eee
Petals united in a simple corolla, split open on one side. Stamens

ae code ue orig c PR A E 4. Montia.

1. PORTULACA, Linn.

Sepals 2, united at the base in a tube adnate to the ovary, the free part
deciduous. Petals 4 to 6, perigynous. Stamens indefinite, often numerous,
sometimes 6 to 8, inserted with the petals. Ovary half-inferior, with several
ovules. Style deeply 2- to 8-cleft. Capsule membranous, half-inferior, the
free part circumsciss at maturity. Seeds reniform, shining, often granulate.—

Herbs more or less succulent. Leaves alternate or opposite, often clustered «

in the axils, the floral ones usually forming an involucre round the flowers.
Stipules searious, or more frequently reduced to a tuft of hairs, sometimes
very minute or none. Flowers terminal, sessile, or pedicellate.

The species are mostly American, with a very few tropical Australian, Asiatie, or African
ones, 2 of them widely dispersed over cultivated or sandy places in various parts of the

ne One of these is included among the Australian ones, of which the remainder are
eudemic,

Leaves mostly alternate.
Stipular hairs minute or none.

Leaves oblong-cuneate. Root slender. Capsule closely sessile . 1. P. oleracea.
» Leaves linear-terete. Root usually tuberous. Capsule narrowed Mane
into a short stipes «i aded wet ser ire d Sp UM
Stipular hairs numerous and conspicuous. j
Leaves thickandshort ee 5... su, . . . B. P. arat
Leaves linear-terete, almost filiform . . cep c4 cr. PNE
Leaves all opposite.

Stipular hairs short, but conspieuous. Flowers usually 3, within E
the floral Jeaves, aud shortly pedicellate. Style-lobes subulate . 5. P. digyna.

Portulaca.) XVII. PORTULACER. 169

No stipular hairs. Flowers solitary and sessile, within 4 bract-like
floral leaves. ` Style-lobes flat aud transparent.
Leaves lanceolate or linear. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. P. oligosperma.
Leaves orbicular. . . . . : AI cp a ld Neue nr

l. P. oleracea, Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 353. A low, prostrate, or
spreading annual, seldom exceeding 6 in., somewhat succulent, and quite
glabrous. Leaves mostly alternate, cuneate-oblong, obtuse, very rarely
exceeding 3 in., usually narrowed into a short petiole, the stipular hairs very
minute, and sometimes quite disappearing. Flowers terminal and sessile,
between 2 or more floral leaves, rarely solitary, usually several together
in little heads which are either single or several in a dichotomous cyme.
Sepals not much more than 2 lines long. Petals 5, scarcely longer than the
calyx, slightly united at the base, yellow and very fugacious. Stamens 10 to
12 or rarely fewer. Style short, with 5 linear stigmatic lobes. Capsule ses-
sile. Seeds minutely tuberculate, the panicles often united at the base into 5
clusters.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 99; F. Muell. in Rep. Babb. Exped. 10.
.N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

Victoria. Sandy banks of Snowy River, F. Mueller. 3

S. Australia. Elizabeth Creek, in the interior, Babbage’s Expedition.

Var. (P) grandiflora. Sepals more obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long.—Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

The species is common in maritime or sandy localities in most tropical countries, ex-
tending into the warm parts of the temperate regions, both of the northern and southern
hemispheres,

2. P. napiformis, F. Muell. Herb. Glabrous, with decumbent or erect
stems of 6 in. to near 1ft., the tap-root thickening into an oblong tuber.
Leaves alternate, linear, succulent, apparently terete, $ to 1 in. long. Stipu-
lar hairs exceedingly minute. Flowers smaller than in P. oleracea, usually
3 together, between 2 to 4 involucral leaves, but not quite sessile. Stamens
about 16. Style rather long, 4-cleft at the top. Capsule small, contracted
Into a short stipes. Seeds smaller than in P. oleracea, black and shining,
finely granulated,

N. Australia. Victoria river and Beagle Valley, F. Mueller; N.W. coast, Bynoe.

The species is allied to the East Indian P. tuberosa, Roxb., but the flowers and fruits are
much smaller, not so closely sessile, and there are not the long stipular and involucral
hairs of that species,

3. P. australis, Endl. Atakta, 7, t. 6. Apparently decumbent and
much branched, the stipular and involucral hairs copious, but otherwise
glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong, elliptical, thick, under j in. long.
Flowers yellow, 1 or 2 together, sessile between 2 to 4 involucral leaves.
Stamens numerous. Style elongated, 5- or 6-cleft. Seeds shining, granulate,
the funicles united into as many clusters as styles. :

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, Bawer.—1 have seen no authentic specimens, and
have taken the above character from Endlicher's description and Bauer's drawing. A speci-
men of F, Mueller’s may be the same plant, and perhaps one of R. Brown's from Broad

und, but neither are sufficient for determination. It is not improbable that both this
species and P. filifolia may prove to be forms of the tropical African P. foliosa.

4. P. filifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 169. Annual, with erect or decum-

170 XVII. PORTULACER, (Portulaca.

bent stems of 4 to 1 ft., the stipular and involucral hairs long and copious,
but otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear-terete, almost filiform, $
to lin. long.. Flowers rather large, yellow, 1 to 3 together, sessile between
2 to 4 involucral leaves. Sepals 2 to 24 lines, and petals twice as long.
Stamens numerous. Style elongated, usually 4-cleft. Seeds shining, granu-
late, the funicles united in as many clusters as styles.

N. Australia. Sandy deserts on Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. In the interior, Mitchell. :

This may be a variety of P. australis, and only appears to differ from the tropical

African P, foliosa in its more slender leaves, and from P. tuberosa, Roxb., in the roots not
tuberous and in the large flowers.

5. P. digyna, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 170. A procumbent, glabrous
annual of a few inches, with dichotomous or opposite branches. Leaves all
opposite, ovate obovate or nearly orbicular, 2 to 3 lines long, very shortly
petiolate. Stipular hairs very short. Flowers pink, very small, pedicellate,
1 to 3 together, between 2 or 4 involucral leaves, forming dichotomous leafy
cymes. Sepals not 2 lineslong. Petals 4, rather longer. Stamens about 10.
Style long, with 2 long linear stigmatic branches. Ovules about 6, the
funicles forming 2 clusters. Capsule elongate-conical, covered in the upper
part with oblong papille. Seeds 1, 2, or 3, black, smooth, and shining.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, Hooker’s Creek, and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

6. P. oligosperma, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 170.- A little slender annual
of 2 or scarcely 3 in., with numerous opposite branches. Leaves all opposite,
oblong, narrow-lanceolate or linear and semiterete, 3 to 4 lines long. Sti-
pular hairs none or quite microscopic. Flowers very small, pink, terminal,
solitary and closely sessile within 2 or 4 involueral leaves, which do not ex-
ceed the calyx-tube, so that the flower appears pedicellate, with 4 calyx-like
-bracts at the summit of the pedicel. Sepals scarcely 1 line long, and the
petals apparently not longer. Stamens about 6, the anthers very transparent.
Style divided into 2 to 4 lanceolate, transparent, and very delicate lobes.
Seeds few, black, granulate.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.
The Sturt’s Creek specimens have smaller aud rather broader leaves, and in the flower I
examined the lobes of the style were broader than in those from Victoria river, but both are

probably forms of one species, nearly allied to the East Indian P. quadrifida, but at once
known by the absence of stipular hairs,

1. P. bicolor, P Muell. Fragm.i.l71. A minute, prostrate annual,
with opposite branches, rarely above 1j in. long. Leaves all opposite,
broadly ovate or orbicular, scarcely exceeding 2 lines. Flowers as in P.
oligosperma minute, solitary, terminal, and closely sessile between 4 bract-
like floral leaves (appearing pedicellate, with 4 calyx-like bracts at the summit
of the pedicel). Sepals not 1 line long. Petals minute, yellow. Stamens
about 6. Style with 4 (or sometimes 2 ?) lanceolate, transparent, very deli-
cate lobes. Capsule short, broad. Seeds several, small, black, granulate.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown.

XVII. PORTULACE®. 171

2. CALANDRINIA, H. B. and K.

Sepals 2, persistent or rarely deciduous. Petals 5 or more, or rarely fewer,
hypogynous. Stamens indefinite, numerous or few, free or united in a ring
at the base, or adhering to the petals. Ovary free, with several ovules, rarely
reduced to 1 or 2. Styles 3 or rarely 4, free or united in a single style, 3- or
4-cleft, or furrowed at the top. Capsule globose, ovoid or oblong, opening
in 3 or 4 valves, or almost indehiscent. Seeds reniform-globular or flattened,
not strophiolate, shining or granulate. Embryo curved round the albumen.
— Herbs, rarely half-shrubby at the base, glabrous or hirsute. Leaves alter-
nate or in radical tufts, more or less fleshy. Stipules none. Flowers either
solitary pedunculate and axillary, or arranged in terminal racemes or heads.
Petals usually very fugacious.

_A large genus, which besides numerous tropical, subtropical, or southern American spe-
cies, only contains the Australian ones here described, which are all endemic. Formerly
confounded with Za/inum, it has been well distinguished from that genus chiefly by the
absence of any strophiola or caruncle to the seeds, and differs from Claytonia iu the stamens

a indefinite, even when reduced to a number about the same as or fewer than that of
e petals,

Stamens numerous (20 to 100). i j S
pes leafless, several-flowered, with numerous opposite scarious

NAM Koot ibo uci ve ri som d 1. C. Lehmanni.
Scapes leafless, 1-flowered. Leaves radical, narrow-linear . . 2. C. uniflora.
Stems more or less leafy, several-flowered.

Perennial. Petals very broad. Anthers linear-oblong. Styles :

United at the base < so i dono a ROA ss. . 9. C. balonensis,

Annuals, Petals oval-oblong. Anthers short. Styles free to

the base.
Styles and capsular valves 3. . . > o . o + + + « 4 C. polyandra.

k Styles and capsular valves 4... 5. C. quadrivalvis.
Stamens few Capsule ovoid or oblong, very readily dehiscent.
Stamens mostly 8 to 10. Seeds pitted (except in C. liniflora). _
Sepals acute or scarcely obtuse. Leaves linear-terete, the radical
ones elongated,

Sepals fully 2 lines. Anthers linear-oblong. Seeds smooth and

: NUN . uu or E cas NOB eee
Sepals 1 to 1} lines. Anthers small, ovate. Seeds minutely pitted. 3
7 Beete ATT bi eB koh dons dn
ROU ns wo cro Ce poleteln.
Sepals broad and very obtuse. Leaves oblong or shortly linear.
Stems short, ascending or diffuse ONLUS Uu IX 9. C. pusilla.

"Ro wh uos Tip a mE . . 10. C. volubilis.
tamens mostly 3 to 5. Seeds very smooth and shining. |
Bracts leafy. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long . . . . - >> i
Bracts very small. Sepals under 2 lines and often under 1 line.
ves oblong or linear-oblong, thick. Racemes loose. Pedicels
at length 3 to 5 lines, reflexed . . . . . . JL C calyptrata.
ves small, narrow-linear. Racemes short and very numerous.
Pedicels not 1 line, erect. Flowers very small. `
Capsule oblong, with 4 to 8 seeds. Ovules6to8. . . . 12. C. composita.
Capsule narrow-cylindrical, with 1 or 2 seeds. Ovules2 . 13. C. corrigioloides.
Stamens few. Capsule globular or shortly ovoid, very smooth and
shining, and scarcely dehiscent.
Leaves linear-terete. Stamens about 15. Anthers oblong. à
Capsular valves separating at the base . 20. s. HA. C spergularina.

. C. caulescens (p. 115).

172 XVII. PORTULACEJE. [Calandrinia.

Leaves linear-terete. Stamens about 5. Anthers globular. 2
Capsule indehiseent . . . . . . . . LB. C. granulifera.

Leaves short and broad. Stamens 5 to 10. Anthers globular.
Capsule scarcely dehiscent . Fak ee ow . 16. C. pygmea.

1. C. Lehmanni, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 235. Rootstock slender and
cylindrical, bearing, when full grown, one or more tubers at the base, and at
the top a few small scales, apparently the remains of leaves, and a tuft of 2
to 4 erect, slender stems, 6 to 8 in. high and quite leafless, except a number
of small, opposite, sheathing scales, their fine points closely pressed against
the stem. Leaves in the very young specimens radical, small, obovate, or
spathulate, soon withering away, and never more than 2 or 3. Flowers few,
in a terminal raceme, the slender pedicels of 3 to } in. proceeding from the
axils of the upper scales. Sepals very broad, almost obtuse, very thin, 3-
nerved, about 2 lines long. Petals nearly 3 times as long. Stamens short,
very numerous, with short anthers. Style simple at the base, with 3 long,
linear, stigmatic branches. Capsule ovoid, longer than the calyx, 3-valved,
with numerous small granulated seeds.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1528, Drummond, Coll. 1844, n. 242;
South Hutt river, Oldfield.

2. C. uniflora, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 41, and Fragm.
i 177. Rootstock simple, cylindrical, erect, bearing a dense tuft of narrow-
linear leaves of 2 to 4 in. Scapes numerous from amongst the leaves, 8 to
10 in. high, 1-flowered and leafless, except 1 or 2 minute scales. Flowers
rather large. Sepals broad and thin, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals usually 6 or
7. Stamens very numerous, the inner ones much longer than the outer,
anthers oblong. Styles 4, erect, shortly plumose and stigmatic along their
whole length. Capsule about as long as the sepals, 4-valved. Seeds nu-
merous, black and shining.

WN. Australia. Victoria river, near the main camp, F. Mueller.

* The species is nearly allied to two Chilian ones, C. rzpestris, Barn., and C. graminifolia,
hilippi.

3. C. balonensis, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 148. ` Apparently
perennial, erect, branching, 6 in. to 1 ft. high or rather more. Leaves thick
and fleshy, the lower ones oblong-spathulate or obovate, 1 in. long or less,
the upper ones linear or lanceolate, often above 2 in. Flowers large, purple,
in loose terminal racemes, on pedicels of about 1 in. Bracts scarious, acumi-
nate, mostly opposite, but only one of each pair has a flower in its axil.
Sepals very broad and obtuse, herbaceous, obscurely veined, with a scarious
margin. Petals very broadly obovate, fully $ in. long. Stamens very nU-
merous ; anthers narrow-oblong. Style 3-lobed, the lobes thick and nearly
twice as long as the entire base.

Queensland. Sandy soil on the Balonne river, Mitchell.

4. C. polyandra, Benth. Annual, with decumbent or ascending
branches of 6 in. to 1 ft. Leaves few, chiefly in the lower part of tbe stem,
thick and fleshy, the lowest broadly linear or almost spathulate, the upper
ones narrow-linear, occasionally. almost opposite, mostly 1 to 14 in. long.

Calandrinia.] XVII. PORTULACER, 178

Flowers of a red-purple, rather large, few together in a terminal raceme, the
pedicels 1 in. or more. Bracts small and searious. Sepals very broad, rather
obtuse, thin and slightly coloured, with scarcely prominent ‘veins. Petals
narrow-obovate, about $ in. long. Stamens very numerous, irregularly united
at the base; anthers short. Style divided to the base into 3 linear stig-
matie branches. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 3-valved. Seeds very numerous
minu black, minutely pitted.—Talinum polyandrum, Hook. Bot. Mag.

. 4833.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, Warburton ; in the interior, Victorian Expedition.

W. Australia, Burges, Drummond, Coll. 1848, n. 119; Flinders Bay, Collie; near
Banbury, Oldfield ; Murchison river, Sandford ; W. coast, Bynoe.

Var. leptaphylla. Slender, with very narrow leaves 2 to 3 in. long, and few, rather

ze flowers on long slender pedicels. W. coast, with the commoner form, Bynoe.

5. C. quadrivalvis, F. Muell Fragm. i. 176. A glabrous annual,
with small, oblong-spathulate radical leaves, soon disappearing, and several
decumbent or ascending stems, from a few in. to 1 ft. or rather more, and
sometimes much branched. Stem-leaves from linear-spathulate to oblong or
lanceolate, narrowed into a petiole, the lower ones often above 1 in. long, the
upper ones few and small. Flowers small, pink, in loose racemes sometimes

ranching into panicles; pedicels 1 to $ in. Bracts very small, herbaceous
or slightly scarious. Sepals herbaceous, acute, about 14 lines long. Petals
6, fully twice as long as the calyx. Stamens numerous, with small anthers.
Style divided to the base into 4 linear stigmatic branches. Capsule about as
long as the calyx, 4-valved, with numerous small seeds minutely pitted.

N. Australia. Sandy places along the Victoria river and in the Macadam range,
F. Mueller. e

6. C. liniflora, Fenzl, in Huey. Enum. 52. A slender annual, with
a tuft of narrow-linear radical leaves of 1 to 2 in. Stems several, ascending,
from a few in. to nearly 1 ft. high. Leaves few, linear, mostly small. Flowers
apparently red, in a loose raceme, on pedicels of 4 to 1 inch. Braets small and
harrow, but not scarious. Sepals broadly ovate, herbaceous, acute, 2 lines
or rather longer. Petals 5, obovate, fully 4 in. long. Stamens about 10,
United at the base in a membranous cup; anther-cells linear, only united by a
small connective in the centre. Styles or style-branches linear, very shortly
united at the base. Capsule oblong, longer than the calyx, with numerous
small, smooth and shining seeds.— Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 247.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1952, Drummond.

Var. (?) grandiflora. Stems more leafy, flowers larger. Vasse river, Mrs. Molloy.

T. C. gracilis, Benth. A slender annual, with a tuft of narrow-lineat
radical leaves of 1 to 2 in., and several stems of about 1 ft., bearing few linear
leaves and a loose raceme, as in C. liniflora, but the flowers are smaller and

ifferent in structure. Bracts minute and scarious. Sepals a little more than
1 line long, acute, thin. Petals 5, narrow, about twice as long as the sepals,
apparently white. Stamens about 10, the filaments slightly dilated towards
the base, but not united ; anthers small. Styles divided to the base into 3
or 4 linear stigmatic branches. Capsule rather longer than the calyx, 3- or
4-valved. Seeds very minutely pitted when seen under a strong lens.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong.

174 XVII. PORTULACEJE. [Calandrinia.

8. C. polypetala, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 51. A slender annual, with
filiform radical leaves of 1 in. or longer. Stems ascending, simple, 3 to 6 in.
high. Leaves filiform, the upper ones passing into the minute bracts. Ra-
cemes terminal, with distant, small flowers, the lower pedicels about 5 lines,
the upper ones much shorter. Sepals rather obtuse, a little more than 1 line
long. Petals 8 to 10, oblong, twice as long as the sepals, withering into a
calyptra, as in C. calyptrata. Stamens 8 to 10, united in a ring at the
base; anthers globular. Styles 3, filiform. Capsule half as long again as
the calyx, nearly cylindrical, 3-valved, with minute, globular, black seeds,
minutely granulated.—Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 247, excluding the var. com-
posita.

W. Australia. Swan River, Huegel. Ihave not seen Huegel's specimens nor au -
others which I can refer with certainty to Feuzl's C. polypetala. 1t may possibly be the
same as C. pusilla, but I have never seen in that species more than six petals.

9. C. pusilla, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 360. A small annual, the
stems ascending from 1 to 3 or 4 in. or rarely higher. Leaves radical or on
the lower part of the stem, about 3 to 1 in. long, much more succulent than
in C. calyptrata, oblong or linear, mostly petiolate, but dilated and stem-
clasping at the base. Racemes occupying a great part of the stems, but
loose and few-flowered, with minute scarious bracts, except the lower ones,
which are sometimes leafy. Flowers apparently pink, like those of C. calyp-
trata, except that the sepals are very broad and obtuse, coloured with scarious
margins, attaining 1} lines when in fruit. Petals 5 or 6, oblong. Stamens
5 to 8; anthers small. Style divided to the base into 3 short, thick, stig-
matic branches, Capsule narrow, longer than the calyx, opening in 3 valves.
Seeds numerous, much smaller than in C. calyptrata and minutely pitted.

Queensland. On the Maranoa, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. On the Murray, F. Mueller ; Wimmera river, Dallachy.

S. Australia. Mount Brown, Holdfast Bay, ete., F, Mueller.

. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; Murchison river, Oldfield. f

This and the followiug species are united by F. Mueller with C. calyptrata, but the dif-
ferences in habit, calyx, and seeds appear to me to be too constant not to admit them as
species,

10. C. volubilis, Benth. Allied to C. pusilla, and with that species
considered by F. Mueller as a variety of C. calyptrata, but the seeds and
flowers are different. Leaves crowded on a short, succulent, branching stock,
linear-oblong, 1 to 14 in. long, narrowed below the middle, but dilated at the
base. Flowering branches twining, almost leafless, except minute. scarious
bracts. Pedicels flexuose, 2 to 6 lines long. Sepals very obtuse, broad and
succulent, 1j lines when in flower, 2 lines when in fruit. Petals about as
long, withering into a calyptra on the young fruit. Stamens 8 to 10, the
filaments slightly dilated at the base, but scarcely united; anthers small.
Style cleft almost to the base into 3 linear stigmatic branches. Capsule acu-
minate, twice as long as the sepals. Seeds strongly pitted.

N.S. Wales. Near the Darling river, Beck/er.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi.

11. C. calyptrata, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. 1. 296. A small annual,

Calandrinia.] XVII. PORTULACES, 175

with petiolate linear-oblong or linear-spathulate radical leaves. Stems branch-
ing, prostrate or ascending, from 1 or 2 to 7 or 8 in. long. Leaves few,
smaller than the radical ones, varying from linear to almost obovate. Flowers
very small, in a loose flexuose raceme, the pedicels 2 to 6 lines long, reflexed
after flowering. Bracts very small, the upper ones often scarious. Sepals
acute, about 1 line long in flower, nearly 13 when in fruit. Petals about as
long, often persistent a long time after flowering, withered into a small
calyptra on the top of the young fruit. Stamens about 5, with slender, free
filaments ; authers ovate. Style very short, with 3 very short, oblong, stig-
matic branches. Capsule rather longer than the calyx, 3-valved. Seeds
numerous, small, very smooth and shining.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 143; Clay-
tonia calyptrata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 89.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

' Victoria. In the Wendu Valley, RoJertson.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, È. Brown ; on basaltie rocks, near Launceston, Gunn.

S. Australia. Holdfast Bay, Mount Parker, Bugle and Barossa ranges, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George’s Sound, R. Brown, Baxter ; S. coast ?, Oldfield.

Var. (?) pumila, F. Muell. A small, tufted plant, with a thick, succulent root. Leaves
radical or nearly so, oblong or almost ovate, 3 to 4 lines long, but narrowed into a petiole
twice that length. Flowering branches or racemes loose, 1 to 13 in. long. Bracts small,
searious. Flowers about the size of the C. calyptrata, but the sepals very obtuse. Capsule
soid-globular, the valves cohering at the summit. Seeds numerous, small, smooth, and
shining.

Queensland. Balonne river, Bowman. 1 :

.N. S. ‘Wales. From Nangawera to Yellowinchi, Victorian Expedition. 1 am in-
clined to think that further specimens will prove this to be a distinct species (Herd. F.
Mueller).

C. caulescens, H. B. and K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. 78, t. 526, a common Peruviau weed,
has established itself in waste places about Adelaide and other parts of S. Australia. Al-
though technically the characters are nearly those of C. calyptrata, it is readily known by
its much more leafy stems, the bracts all leaf-like, and the flowers more than twice the size,
the sepals ovate, acuminate, 3 or 4 lines long. C. compressa, Schrad. (C. pilosiuscula, DC.),
an equally common Chilian weed, is also very nearly allied, but is readily distinguished by
the very broadly hastate sepals, as well as some differences in the foliage.

12. C. composita, Nees (under C. polypetala). A small diffuse annual,
very densely branched, seldom exceeding 2 or 3 in. Radical leaves linear,
attaining $ in, the stem-leaves mostly 1 to 2 lines, passing into minute
bracts. Flowers very small and numerous, in short racemes on pedicels rarely
exceeding 1 line, and usually much shorter when in flower. Sepals $ line in
flower, 1 line long when in fruit, obtuse and rather thick. Petals 5 or 6,
scarcely exceeding the calyx, withering into a calyptra as in C. calyptrata.
Stamens 3 to 5; anthers small. Style divided to the base into 3 linear stig-
matic branches. Ovules about 6 to 8. Capsule ovoid-oblong, longer than
the calyx, opening in 3 valves. Seeds 3 to 6, smooth and shining.—C. poly-
Petala, var. composita, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 247.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1951.

.18. Oo, corrigioloides, F. Muell. Heb. An annual, with narrow-
linear radical leaves contracted iuto a long petiole. Stems numerous, pro-
strate or slightly ascending, not much exceeding } ft. Stem-leayes few, li-
hear, petiolate, ` Racemes numerous, short, axillary and terminal, branching

176 XVII. PORTULACEJE. [Calandrinia.

so as to form little unilateral cymes. Bracts minute. Flowers very small,
white, on pedicels which rarely exceed } line. Sepals not $ line long, obtuse.
Petals 5 or 6, narrow, rather longer than the sepals. Stamens usually 3;
anthers “small. Style divided into 3 very short stigmatic lobes. Ovules
usually 2. Capsule cylindrical, slender, often above 14 lines long, opening m
3 valves. Seed usually only 1, or rarely 2, iñ the base of the capsule, large
in proportion, orbicular, black, and very smooth and shining.

Victoria. Wimmera river, F, Mueller.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Canning and Murchison rivers, Oldfield.

14. C. spergularina, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 175. A small annual, with.

a tuft of linear-terete leaves under 1 in. long. Stems slender, decumbent,
slightly branched, 2 to 4 in. long or scarcely more. Leaves few, small, linear-
terete. Flowers pink, very small, in a rather rigid often flexuose raceme on
pedicels of 1 to 3 lines. Bracts very minute and scarious. Sepals acute, a
little more than 1 line long in flower, 13 lines when in fruit. Petals 6, not
twice as long as the calyx. Stamens about 15; anthers oblong, the cells
adhering in the centre only. Style divided to the base into 3 linear stig-
matic branches. Capsule small, the valves remaining coherent at the top,
separating at the base, and falling off together. Seeds small, smooth, and
shining.

N. Australia. Sandy bed of Nicholson river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

15. C. granulifera, Benth. A small annual, with a tuft of linear ra-
dical leaves. Stems numerous, rigid, branching, decumbent or ascending, 2
to 6 in. long. Leaves few and small. Bracts very minute. Flowers very
small, in terminal one-sided racemes, on rigid pedicels of 1 or rarely 2 lines,
much thickened when in fruit. Sepals little more than 4 line long and very
deciduous. Petals 5, 6, or sometimes 7, apparently white, about twice as
long as the calyx. Stamens scarcely as many as petals, with very short an-
thers. Style short, with 3 linear stigmatic branches. Capsule about 1 line
long, globular-conical, black, smooth and shining, and usually indehiscent.
Seeds numerous, brown, very small and obovoid.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond.

16. C. pygmeea, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 115. A very small annual, with
numerous decumbent or erect stems, often under 1 in. and rarely exceeding
3 in. „Leaves from oblong to ovate, thick and succulent, the radical ones not
exceeding 5 lines and the stem ones usually 2 to 3 lines long. Racemes
short and dense, with the bracts mostly leafy but small. Flowers small, on
very short pedicels. Sepals succulent, obtuse, about 14 lines long, or some-
times much larger when in fruit. Petals usually 5, 6, or 7, narrow, rather
longer than the calyx. Stamens varying in number, usually 2 or 3 more than
the petals, and connected in a ring at the base; anthers short. Style di-
vided to the base into 3 long, linear, stigmatic branches. Capsule globular
or ovoid, cartilaginous, very smooth and shining, and often black, the valves
opening only very shortly at the top. Seeds small, minutely pitted.— Tali-
num nanum, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 246,

Victoria. Moist rocky or sandy places in the Grampians, Mount Abrupt in the Tatiara
country, Port Phillip, etc., F. Mueller, Adamson, and others.

Calandrinia.] XVII. PORTULACE®. 177

S. Australia. Lynedoch Velley, F. Mueller.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1930; Vasse river, Oldfield.

3. CLAYTONTA, Linn.

Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens 5, opposite the
petals and adhering to them at the base. Ovary free, with few ovules; style
8-cleft or 3-furrowed at the top. Capsule globular or ovoid, opening in 3
valves. Seeds reniform or orbicular, flattened. Embryo curved round the
albumen.—Annual or perennial herbs, usually glabrous and somewhat succu-
lent Radical leaves petiolate, the stem-leaves alternate or opposite, without
stipules, Flowers in terminal racemes or cymes, rarely solitary.

The species are all North American or North-East Asiatic, with the exception of the fol-
lowing one, which is confined to Australia and N. Zealand. The genus is chiefly distin-
guished from Calandrinia by the stamens constantly of the same number as and opposite
the petals, a character generally accompanied by a marked difference in aspect.

" D

l. C. australasica, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 293, and Fl. Tasm. i.
144. A small tufted plant, with a creeping stem not exceeding a couple of
inches in dry places, lengthening out to a foot or more in water. Leaves al-
ternate, narrow-linear, obtuse, from 13 in. in the small plants to 2 or 3 in. in
the aquatic ones, usually narrowed below the middle, but with a widened
sheathing base often scarious on the edges. Flowers white and large for the
genus, terminal or leaf-opposed, solitary or 2 or 3 in a loose raceme, on long
pedicels, Sepals small, orbicular. Petals several times longer, obovate-ob-
long. Style-lobes filiform. Capsule about as long as the calyx. Seeds
usually 3, black, smooth and shining.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 89.

N.S. Wales. Valleys of the Blue Mountains, 4. Cunningham, ;

Victoria. Very common in rich soils and marshy places ascending to the summits of
the Australian Alps, F. Mueller. - Ced

Tasmania, R. Brown, common in moist places throughout the island, ascending to
4000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 220, Oldfield.

The species is also found in New Zealand.

4. MONTIA, Linn.

Sepals usually 2, persistent. Petals hypogynous, united in a 5-lobed
Corolla, split open on one side. Stamens 3 or rarely 5, inserted in the top of
the corolla-tube. Ovary free, with 3 ovules. Capsule globular, opening in
3 valves. Seeds nearly orbieular. Embryo curved round the albumen.—4A
Small annual, Leaves mostly opposite, without stipules. Flowers very small.

The genus consists probably of a single species, although some of its most marked varieties
ave been raised by some authors to the rank of species.

.l. M. fontana, Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 362. A little glabrous, green, -
Somewhat succulent annual, forming dense tufts from 1 to 4 or 5 in. high,
stems becoming longer and weaker in more watery situations. cre
Opposite or nearly so, obovate or spathulate, from 3 to 5 or 6 lines long.
Flowers solitary or in little drooping racemes of 2 or 3, in the = of the
VOL, J, e

178 XVII. PORTULACER, [Montia.

upper leaves, the petals of a pure white, very little longer than the calyx.
Capsules small.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 144.

Tasmania. In springs on St. Patrick's River at an elevation of 1500 ft., abundantly,
ec species is common throughout Europe, in Northern Asia and N.W. America, and
thence down the Andes to Australia, America, and in New Zealand, but not in central or
tropical Asia, nor, as far as hitherto known, in any part of Africa except Algeria.

Onpzg XVIII. ELATINEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2 to 5, free, imbricate in the bud.
Petals as many, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud, occasionaly wanting.
Stamens as many or twice as many, hypogynous, free ; anthers 2-celled. Torus
small, without any disk. Ovary free, with as many cells as there are sepals ;
styles as many, free from the base, with terminal capitate stigmas. Ovules
several in each cell, attached to the inner angle, anatropous. Capsule opening
septicidally, the valves flat or concave, with the margins inflexed, leaving more
or less of the dissepiments attached to the central column. Seeds straight or
curved, testa crustaceous, usually wrinkled or ribbed, albumen none or very
thin. Embryo filling the seed, cotyledons short, radicle next to the hilum.
—Herbs or low undershrubs, aquatic, creeping or diffuse, Leaves opposite
or rarely verticillate, entire or serrate. Stipules in pairs. Flowers small,
axillary, solitary or in clusters or cymes.

A small Order dispersed over nearly the whole globe, allied to Hypericinea and Caryo-
phyllee, but differing from the former in habit, in the stipules, and in the perfectly iso-
merous flowers, from the latter chiefly in the ovary and fruit and want of albumen to the
seeds ; there is also considerable affinity, especially in habit, with Lythrariee aud Crassu-
lacee. The only two genera of the Order, both of them of wide geographical range, are
represented in Australia.

Sepals membranous, obtuse. Capsule membranous, Glabrous, aquatic or

creeping herbs. Flowers 2- to 4-merous . . . . . . . . . ]. ELATINE.
Sepals herbaceous in the middle or keeled, acute. Capsule almost crusta-

ceous. Herbs or undershrubs, Flowers usually 5-merous, rarely 3- to

NN x Code a a A se vk 28

1. ELATINE, Linn.

Flowers 3- or 4-merous, rarely 2-merous. Sepals membranous, obtuse,
not keeled. Ovary globular. Capsule membranous, the dissepiments either
disappearing or remaining attached to the central column.—Small glabrous
herbs, either aquatic or creeping on mud. Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Flowers usually solitary in the axils, and very small,

The genus is widely dispersed over the temperate and subtropical regions of the globe.

The Australian species is considered by some as endemic, by others as identical with an `

American one.

l. E. americana, Aen. in Edinb. Journ. Nat. Sc. i. 481, var. austra-

liensis. A small, tender, glabrous annual, prostrate and creeping over mu

in dense tufts, sometimes not 1 in. in diameter, sometimes extending over à
considerable surface. Leaves in the ordinary form ovate, obovate, or broad^y
oblong, 2 to 3 lines long, thin and of a bright green; but in some luxuriant

D

Hlatine.) XVIII. ELATINER. 179

specimens ovate-lanceolate or oblong, and exceeding } in., almost always

bordered by a few distant glands. Stipules very minute and deciduous, or
rarely more persistent, and 4 line long. Flowers very minute, sessile and
solitary in one axil only of each pair of leaves, and in Australia almost always
3-merous. Sepals usually very minute and transparent, and the petals so
very small'and fugacious as to be rarely found in dried specimens, except in
some western ones, where the petals are reddish and fully 3 line long. Sta-
mens 3. Ovary depressed-globular, with 3 cells and 3 minute, punctiform,
almost sessile stigmas. Capsule often 1 line in diameter, the dissepiments
Sometimes complete, sometimes obliterated at maturity. Seeds cylindrical,
more or less curved or nearly straight, marked with longitudinal furrows and
minute, transverse wrinkles.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 47; E minima, Fisch.
and Mey. in Linnea, x. 73; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 195; Z. gratioloides, A.
Cunn. in Ann, Nat. Hist. iii. 26.

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller. i

Victoria. Muddy places and margins of still fresh-waters, sparingly distributed over
the colony, F. Mueller,

Tasmania. Marshes in the northern and central parts of the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 604, 605, 684; Murchison river, Oldfield. j

This plant, whether a distinct species or a variety of the N. American one, is found also in
New Zealand and the Fiji islands, and is very variable. In the majority of specimens from
various localities, I have always found 8 very thin sepals and 3 stamens, but have failed to de-
tect the petals even in a very early stage. Amongst them Drummond's n. 605 are remark-
able for the large size of the capsules; some of Gunn’s, from a lagoon at Georgetown, where
they are under water, and Drummond's n. 684, probably also from under water, have elon-
gated stems and leaves 6 to 9 lines long; F. Mueller's, from the Brisbane river, have also
long leaves and remarkably large stipules. A western specimen in. Herb. Hooker, from

rummond, differs still more in the well-developed red petals, of a firm consistence and re-
mainiug long persistent, The N. American plant (A. Gray, Gen. I. t. 95) differs chiefly in
the flowers almost constantly dimerous, which does not cceur in any southern specimens I
have examined. e

2. BERGIA, Linn.

Flowers 5-merous, or rarely 3-4-merous. Sepals herbaceous or keeled in

e centre, acute, usually membranous and transparent on the edges. Ovary

ovoid or globular. Capsule somewhat crustaceous, the valves sometimes 1n-

plieate on the edges and carrying off nearly the whole of the dissepiments,

sometimes nearly flat, leaving more or less of the dissepiments attached to

the axis. — Herbs or undershrubs, prostrate or much branched, often pubes-

cent. Leaves opposite, entire or more frequently serrate. Flowers axillary,
Solitary or clustered in cymes, small, but usually larger than in Zane.

The genus is widely distributed over the warmer regions of the globe. F. Mueller pro-

to unite it with E/atine, but slight as are the characters, they are accompanied by a

very decided difference in habit, and the two genera are therefore natural, Of the three or

_Australian species two are endemic, but nearly allied to corresponding S. African ones,

a third B. ammannioides, is a common Asiatic and African weed, of which the fourth may be

a mere variety,

Flowers small, clustered in the axils, Stamens of the same number
as the petals and sepals.
Spubescent. . . .

1. B. ammannioides,
x3

* : -

180 XVIII, ELATINER. [ Bergia.

Stems quite glabrous sips Sine didn wa edel
Flowers solitary, pedicellate. Stamens twice the number of the
sepals and petals.
Erect annual. Pedicels elongated. Filaments all equal. Styles
SHOPS YS SUES oi sa, NE QUESQIIES O E QUUD. QUT
Stem woody, prostrate and tortuous. Pedicels short. Outer fila-
ments much broader. Styles filiform . of eae

2. B. pusilla.

.

8. B. pedicellaris.
4. B. perennis.

1. B. ammannioides, Roth, Nov. Pl. ën. 219. A rigid, much-branched
annual, erect or decumbent, pubescent or hirsute, with spreading hairs, usually
6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves from oval-elliptical to oblong or lanceolate, the
larger ones 4 to 1 in., but mostly smaller, more or less serrate with mucro-
nate or glandular teeth, narrowed at the base. Stipules lanceolate, serrate.
Flowers very small, in dense axillary clusters, on very short filiform pedicels,
usually 5-merous, but sometimes 4-merous or 3-merous. Sepals very narrow,
acute, ciliate, about $ line long. Petals narrow, very thin, about as long as
the sepals. Stamens of the same number as the sepals and petals. Capsule
rather shorter, the boat-shaped valves separating septicidally so as to leave
the axis almost wholly without any remains of the dissepiments. Seeds very
small, ovoid, nearly straight.— Elatine ammannioides, Wight, in Hook. Bot.
Misc. iii. 93, t. 5; Wight, Ill. t. 25a; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 147.

N. Australia. Gravelly bed and banks of Victoria river, Sturt’s Creek, and their
affluents, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Junctions of the Darling and Murray rivers, F. Mueller.

The species is common in East India and the warmer regions of Africa.

Var. trimera. Usually more procumbent and smaller. Flowers small, 3-merous or 4-
merous.— B. trimera, Link, in Linnea, x. 74; B. (or Elatine) tripetala, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
i. 196, t. 9. The small Victorian specimens from Dr. Mueller in Sonder's herbarium agree
precisely with some Indian ones, very properly included by Wight in the B. ammannioides.

2. B. pusilla, Benth. This may be a variety only of B. ammannioides,
but it has a different aspect from any of the forms assumed by that species 1n
India and Africa. It is perfectly glabrous, with numerous slender stems, 1
to 2 in. high, thickened at the base, with a few obovate leaves, the upper
leaves oblong-lanceolate and serrate. Flowers small, axillary, and clustered,
as in B. ammannioides, but usually more sessile and 4-merous, rarely 3-
merous; sepals more acuminate. Capsular valves apparently less folded,
leaving a thicker central axis.—Zlatine verticillaris, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 148.

, N. Australia. Roper river in Arnhem's Laud, F. Mueller. The East Indian B. ver-
ticillata, Willd., is a very different species.

3. B. pedicellaris, F. Muell. Herb. A more or less. glandular-pubes-
cent annual, about j ft. high, erect or with decumbent side-branches. Leaves
elliptical or lanceolate, mostly acute, minutely serrate, narrowed at the base,
the larger ones above 1 in., but mostly under 4 in. long. Stipules narrow.
Pedicels solitary, slender, longer than the leaves, Flowers 5-merous, muc
larger than in the preceding species. Sepals keeled, 1 to 14 lines long.
Petals ovate-lanceolate, persistent, about as long as the sepals. Stamens
usually 10, the filaments very thin, slightly dilated and closely pressed round
the ovary up to the middle. Styles short. ` Capsule depressed-globular, =
valved, leaving very little of the dissepiments attached- to the axis. Seeds

Bergia.] XVIII. ELATINEAE. 181

very numerous and minute, quité smooth unless seen under a very high mag-
nifier.— Elatine pedicellaris, V. Muell. Fragm. ii. 145. -

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; gravelly beds of the
Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, and along their affluents, F. Mueller. The species is closely
allied to B. polyantha, Sond., from S. Africa, which has the same styles and stamens, but is
quite glabrous, with rather larger flowers ou much shorter pedicels,

4. B. perennis, F. Muell. Herb. Stems prostrate, woody, tortuous, with
very short leafy branches, glabrous or with a very few short hairs. Leaves
from ovate to elliptical-oblong, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, rather rigid, gla-
brous and glaucous, often ciliate towards the base and narrowed into a short
petiole. Stigmas lanceolate, ciliate. Flowers usually 5-merous, on solitary
pedicels, rarely exceeding the length of the leaves. Sepals broadly-lanceolate,
keeled, with scarious margins, nearly 2 lines long. Petals longer, rather nar-
row. Stamens usually 10, the 5 outer filaments dilated, especially below the
middle. Styles filiform. Capsule rather shorter than the calyx, the valves
leaving much of the dissepiments attached to the central column. Seeds ob-
long, curved, slightly furrowed and transversely wrinkled like those of Elatine.
—Elatine perennis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 146.

N. Australia. Banks of the rice swamps near Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller. The
species is nearly allied to the S. African B. anagalloides, E. Mey., which is a perennial
with the same styles and stamens, but its flowers are rather larger, on longer pedicels.

s, Order XIX. HYPERICINEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, imbricate in the bud.
Petals as many, hypogynous, imbricate and usually contorted in the bud.
Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, usually united or clustered into 3 or 5

undles; anthers 2-celled. Ovary consisting of 3 to 5 carpels more or less
united, either 1-celled with the placentas on the inflexed margins of the car-
pels, or completely divided into cells by the union of the placentas in the axis.

tyles as many as carpels, free or rarely united at the base, with terminal
stigmas. Ovules usually several to each cell or placenta; anatropous. Fruit
Capsular, or rarely fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds straight or rarely curved,
without albumen. Embryo straight or rarely curved, the radicle next the
hilum.—Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate,
simple and entire or with glandular teeth. Stipules none. Flowers terminal
or rarely axillary, solitary or in cymes or panicles. Leafy parts often marked
with glandular, pellucid, or black dots. .

The Order is dispersed over the greater portion of the globe, althongh represented in
Anstralia by only ore two species, and those not endemic. It is closely allied to Guttifere
and Yernstreemiacee, none of which last Order have as yet been discovered in Australia,

1. HYPERICUM, Linn.
Sepals 5. Petals 5, not woolly inside. Capsule opening septicidally.
eeds not winged. Embryo oblong or cylindrical, with short coty edons.—
Herbs or shrubs, Leaves either small or thin, entire, or rarely minutely
toothed. Flowers yellow or rarely white.
A large genus with nearly the same extensive geographical range as the Order.

182 XIX. HYPERICINE. [ Hypericum.

Erect or ascending. Leaves usually subeordate . . . . . . . 1. H. gramineum.
Procumbent. Leaves usually oblong or obovate . . . . . . . 2. H. japonicum.

l. H. gramineum, Forst. ; DC. Prod. i. 548. A glabrous pereunial,
with erect or ascending angular stems, usually about 1 ft. high, but some-
times nearly twice that height, or much shorter, slender, but rather rigid,
branching at the base only or in the inflorescence. Leaves closely stem-
clasping, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, rarely exceeding } in., entire,
with numerous pellucid dots, the margins more or less revolute. Flowers 3
or more, in the forks of terminating the branches of a dichotomous cyme,
with a pair of leafy bracts at the base of each fork; the pedicels erect and
rigid, to $ in. long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, appressed, 2 to 3 or rarely 4
lines long. Petals entire, longer than the sepals. Stamens very variable in
number, usually rather numerous and free. Styles 3, distinct. Capsule l-
celled, 3-valved, with narrow-linear placentas and numerous small seeds.—
DC. Prod. i. 548 ; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 53, t. 53; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 53; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 193 ; Ascyrum involutum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl.
ii. 32, t. 174; Hypericum involutum, Chois. in DC. Prod. i. 549; H. pedi-
cellare, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 12; Brathys Billardieri and B. Forstert,
Spach, in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. 2, v. 367.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller. : à

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham ; Hastings
and Clarence rivers, Becker. .

Victoria. Common in pasture lands as well as in barren localities throughout the
colony, ascending to the Australian Alps, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant everywhere in good soil, J D. Hooker.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; Murchison river, Oldfield. The latter

specimeus remarkable for their elongated inflorescence, with the flowers mostly singly axil-
lary along its branches,

The species in the original form, above described, is common also to New Zeala: d and

New Caledonia. The S. African H. Lalandii, Chois., which has been referred to it, appears
to me to differ in several respects.

2. H. japonicum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31. Very nearly allied to
H. gramineum, and considered by F. Mueller as a variety only. It is much
less rigid and usually very procumbent or diffuse, with ascending branches,
terete or scarcely angled. Leaves smaller, flatter, and more obtuse, not sO
broad at the base. Flowers smaller, on shorter pedicels, the sepals less acute
and the petals very seldom exceeding them.— DC. Prod. i. 548; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 53; Ascyron humifusum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 33, t. 175;

H. pusillum, Chois. in DC. Prod. i. 549 ; Brathys humifusa, Spach, in Ann. Se.
Nat. ser. 2, v. 361.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart; Hastings, Macleay, and Clarence rivers,
Beckler.
"Tasmania. Abundant in hilly, humid situations throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.
S. Australia. Torrens and Oukaparinga rivers, F, Mueller.

The species is widely spread over tropical and eastern Asia, extending from Japan to New
Zealand.

XX. GUTTIFERA. 185

Onpzg XX. GUTTIFERA.

Flowers regular, usually dicecious or polygamous. Sepals 2 to 6, or rarely
more, much imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2 to 6, rarely more, im-
bricate or contorted. Male fl.: Stamens usually indefinite, free or variously
united; anthers adnate, innate, or sometimes immersed in the mass of fila-
ments. Ovary none, or rudimentary, or more or less developed. Female or
hermaphrodite fl.: Staminodia or stamens usually fewer and more free than
in the males. Ovary 2- or more-celled, rarely 1-celled, with 1 or more ovules
in each cell, erect from the base or attached to the central angle. Stigmas
as many as cells, radiating or united into one, sessile or raised on a simple
or rarely branched style. Fruit usually fleshy or coriaceous, indehiscent or

Opening septicidally in as many valves as cells. Seeds thick, often arillate,

Without albumen. Embryo filling the seed, often apparently homogeneous,
consisting either of a fleshy radicle, with minute or without any cotyledons,
or of thick fleshy cotyledons, with a very short, usually inferior radicle.—
Trees or shrubs, exuding a yellow, resinous juice. Leaves opposite or rarely
Verticillate, thickly coriaceous and entire. Flowers terminal or axillary, soli-
tary, clustered or in trichotomous cymes or panicles.

_ A tropical Order both in the New and in the Old World, represented in Australia by a
Single species, apparently identical with a common Asiatic one.

1. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Flowers polygamous, Sepals and petals together, 4 to 12, imbricate in 2
or 3 series. Stamens indefinite, free or nearly so ; filaments shortly filiform ;
anthers ovate or oblong, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Ovary _1-celled,
with a single erect ovule ; style elongated, with a peltate stigma. Drupe in-
dehiscent, with a crustaceous endocarp. Seed erect, ovoid or globular, the
testa thin, or thick and hard, or spongy and then often adhering to the endo-
carp.—Trees, with the leaves marked with numerous closely parallel, trans-
verse veins.

The genus is tropical, chiefly Asiatic, with a few American species.

l. C. inophyllum, Linn.; W. and Arn. Prod. i. 103. A glabrous
tree. Leaves petiolate, broadly oblong or obovate-oblong, rounded at the
apex, about 6 in. long in well-grown specimens. Racemes in the upper axils
much shorter than the leaves, loose. Flowers large for the genus, on long
pedicels, the buds nearly globular. Sepals 4, the 2 inner ones more petal-
like than the outer ones. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Stamens more
or less united at the base into 4 (or more?) bundles. Fruit globular, the
Size of a plum.— Wight, Ic. t. 77; Planch, and Tri. in Ann. Se. Nat. Par.
Ser, 4, Xv. 282.

Queensland. Perey Islands, 4. Cunningham. From the Burdekin Expedition, Herd.
M "eller. The latter specimens consist only of some young seedlings in leaf ouly, and 3
fruits, These are about 14 in. diameter, the thick, hard, almost eorky testa of the seed
adhering to the endocarp. Embryo nearly globular, apparently homogeneous, slightly conical
at the end furthest from the hilum. That this is the radicular end is shown by the remains
of the seed still attached to one of the seedling plants. Whether the position of the radicle
turned away from the hilum is accidental in that one fruit, or general in the species or variety,
Cannot be determined without farther fruiting specimens. Cunningham’s are in flower only.

184 : XXI. MALVACEA.

Orpen XXI. MALVACEJE.

Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite or rarely partially ue
polygamous. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, more or less united in a lobed or ar ee?
calyx, the lobes valvate or very rarely slightly imbricate. Petals 5, dë
gynous, usually adnate at the base to the staminal column, contorted e :
bud, rarely wanting. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, more or less united at-
the base, the column divided into filaments at the top or bearing the fila-
ments outside, below or up to the top. Anthers from globose to linear, often
reniform or variously waved, 1-celled or spuriously divided into two cells by
a thin and incomplete longitudinal septum. Torus small or conical and pro-
truding into the centre of the ovary, not expanded into a disk. Ovary 2- or
more-celled (very rarely reduced to a single carpel), entire or lobed, GEN
pels verticillate round the axis or (in genera not Australian) irregularly clus
tered. Style simple at the base, divided at the top into as many or y»
many branches or stigmas as there are cells, or rarely entire and clavate
Ovules 1 or more in each cell, ascending or horizontal, with a ventral or
superior raphe, or reversed and pendulous, with the raphe dorsal. Fruit =
or rarely baccate, the carpels separating and indehiscent or 2-valved, or unite
in a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds with the testa usually crustaceous,
without or with very little albumen ; cotyledons usually folded and often en
closing the curved or rarely straight radicle.— Herbs, shrubs, or soft-w
trees, the hajrs usually stellate. Leaves alternate, mostly toothed, lobed OF
divided, with palmate nerves or divisions, rarely digitately compound. 4
pules free, usually subulate or small and deciduous, rarely leafy. Peduncles
usually 1-flowered and artieulite above the middle, rarely bearing a bract a
the joint or several-flowered, all axillary or the upper ones forming a termina
raceme or panicle. Bracteoles either none or 3 or more, free or united, form-
ing an involucre close to or adherent to the calyx. Flowers often large,
usually purple, red, or yellow. dee

A large Order generally dispersed over all except the coldest regions of the globe, dis-
tinguished from Sterculiacee and Tiliacee by the 1-celled anthers, and from all SC j
the valvate calyx and monadelphous hypogynous stamens. Of the 15 following genera, 1 “Old

more or less tropical, 6 being common to the warmer regions of both the New and ie
World; 3, Malvastrum, Pavonia, aud Fugosia, chiefly American, or American and Af (
but not Asiatic; and 2, Thespesia and Adansonia, African and Asiatic. Lavatera Së
Mediterranean form, represented by one species in extratropical Australia, the remaining
three are endemic or nearly so, Plagianthus being also represented in New Zealand
Lagunaria in Norfolk Island. —

Trige I. Malvese.—Staminal column bearing filaments to the summit. Style-br anch 4
the same number as ovary-cells, Mature carpels separating more or less from the ats (im-
perfectly so in Howittia and some Abutila),

Ovules solitary in each cell, ascending with a ventral raphe.
Style-branches lined with decurrent stigmas,
* Bracteoles 3 to 6, united at the base . ie sees d ae ahs DAT
Bracteoles 3, distinct . Re oe TE (p. 186).
Stigmas terminal, capitate or truncate. — Bracteoles 1 to 3 distinct,
OF 006.50. s iw 905 V LOGROS. Lou, 2 BOUM. MAIER
Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous or horizontal with a dorsal raphe.
Bracteoles none.

Styles with decurrent stigmas. Flowers more or less dioecious 3. PLAGIANTHUS.

Kä

D D

XXI. MALVACE. 185

__ Stigmas terminal, capitate, or truncate . i genase ts 4, SIDA.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Bracteoles none. Stigmas terminal.
.. Capsule 2- or 3-celled, loculicidal, the carpels scarcely separating. . 5. Howrrrta.
Capsule 5- to 20-celled, separating or cohering at least till the seed has
E ee Pore ee eege, eee

_ TRIBE II. Urenese.—Staminal column truncate or 5-toothed at the summit, bearing
the anthers or filaments on the outside. ‘Style*branches twice the number of carpels.
Carpels 1-seeded.

- Braeteoles 5, united at the base. Carpels muricate or glochidiate . 7. URENA.
SCH racteoles 5 or more, usually free. Carpels reticulate or smooth . 8, PAVONIA.

2 ‘TRIBE III. Efibisceve.—Staminal column truncate or 5-toothed at the summit, bear-
tng the anthers or filaments on the outside, or rarely at the summit also. Style-branches
Or stigmas the same number as ovary-cells, Carpels united in a several-celled capsule,

oculicidal or indehiscent.

Style branched at the top or with rad'ating stigmas. Ovary 5-celled.
eoles 5 or more, free or united (sometimes very deciduous).
Hairs or tomeutum stellate. . . 2... . . 7 . . 9. Hibiscus,
Bracteoles 3 (sometimes very deciduous). "Tomentum of scurfy scales 10. LAGUNARIA.
ê undivided, with decurrent stigmas.

teoles 3 to 5, narrow, not cordate, sometimes very small.
. Ovary 3, 4- or rarely 5-celled. Capsule coriaceous, loculieidal . 11. Fueosta.
_ Ovary 5-celled. "Capsule woody, sometimes indehiscent. . . . 12. THEsPEsIA.
Bracteoles 3, broad, cordate . . . . . . + + 18. Gossypium,

Tune IV. Bombacese.—Staminal column, in the Australian genera divided at the
nto numerous filaments, in other genera the filaments or anthers variously arranged.
jle undivided, or with very short stigmatic lobes as many as ovary-cells. Carpels united
a loculicidal or indehiscent capsule.—A large tropical tribe, dificult, to distinguish from
Arborescent Hibiscee by a general character, although each genus has peculiarities not
found among Hibiscee. CMS
Calyx entire in the bud, afterwards 3- to 5-cleft, large, woody, filled

with mealy pulp, Leaves digitate . . . . . + + Lé ADANSONIA.
YX truncate in the bud, afterwards 3- to 5-cleft. Capsule 5-valved,
densely Woolly inside, Leaves digitate. . . . . . +. + + .19. BOMBAX.

1. LAVATERA, Linn.

. Braeteoles united into a 3- to 6-cleft involucre. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal
olumn divided to the top into several filaments. — Ovary-cells indefinite, 1-
ovulate. — Style-branches of the same number as cells, filiform, stigmatie
along the inner side. Fruit-carpels iu a. depressed circle, indehiscent, verti-
cillate round the torus or axis, which is usually prominent beyond them,
either conical or variously dilated above them. Seed ascending.— Herbs,
shrubs, or trees, tomentose or hirsute. «Leaves angular or lobed. Flowers
peduneulate, axillary or in a terminal raceme.

The greater number of species are from Western Europe or the Mediterranean region,
one extending into central Asia; there are also two from the Canary Islands, besides the
subjoined Australian species, which is endemic, but nearly allied to one of the European

nes, -

; l. L. plebeia, Sims, in Bot. Mag. t. 2269. A coarse, erect herb, be-
coming woody at the base and attaining the height of 5 to 10 ft., more or

ess scabrous or softly tomentose with minute stellate hairs. Leaves on long
petioles, orbicular-cordate, 5- or 7-lobed, the lower ones sometimes attaining

EL Ate in raa i Eder, See, y

186 XXI. MALVACER. [Lacatera.

6 in. diameter, the upper ones 1 to 2 in.; the lobes short, broad, very ob-
tuse and crenate, the central one of the upper leaves often longer than the
others. Stipules narrow-lanceolate or triangular. —Pedicels axillary, usually
clustered, rarely solitary, sometimes very short and rarely exceeding 1 in.
Involuere deeply 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the 5-lobed
calyx. Petals pale rose-colour or whitish, 1 to 14 in. long. Carpels of the
fruit 6 to 15, in a close ring, with flat backs and sharp angles, the receptacle
protruding from the central depression as a small conical point.—DC. Prod.
1. 439; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 47; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 166 ; Malva Behr-
iana, Schlecht. Linnea, xx. 633 ; Lavatera Behriana, Schlecht. 1. c. xxiv. 699,
and xxvii. 527 ; Malva Preissiana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 238.

N. S. Wales. In the interior, W. of Peels range, A. Cunningham; Darling and
Lachlan rivers, Victorian Expedition; common towards the Barrier Range, W. Wills;
Paramatta, Herb. Mueller.

Victoria. Along watercourses and in occasionally inundated depressions, scattered over
many parts of the colony, more frequent in the N.W. portion, F. Mueller. 3

Tasmania. Near the sea at Woolnorth, and in the islands of Bass's Straits, Guan,
J. D. Hooker. FÉ

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf, Spencer's Gulf, Lake Torrens, and the eountry on
the eastern side of the great Australian Bight, F. Mueller. ; j
F W. Australia, Drummond, n. 102; King George's Sound, R. Brown, A. Cunning-

am,

The species is allied to the European Z. arborea, Linn., which is however at once known
by its large spreading involucres. :

L. hispida, Desf., DC. Prod. i. 438, a hirsute species with nearly sessile flowers forming
a long terminal raceme or interrupted spike, and with broad hirsute involucres, a native
of the Mediterranean region, appears to be naturalized in some islands of Bass’s Straits
CF. Mueller).

The genus Malva, now restricted to the species from the temperate regions of Europe and
Asia, is only distinguished from Lavatera by the 3 bracteoles being quite free, and the re-
ceptacle never expanded above the carpels. Four common European species have become
naturalized as weeds in some of the colonies, viz. 1, M. rotundifolia, Liun., DC. Prod. i. 432,
with decumbent or prostrate stems, small flowers, petals not twice the length of the calyx,
and carpels usually about 15, rounded on the baek so as to form a disk-shaped fruit slightly
furrowed on the margin between the carpels; 2, M. parviflora, Linn., DC. l.c. 433, like M.
rotundifolia in habit and small flowers, but the carpels flat on the back with angular edges,
so that the fruit has rather projecting ribs than furrows between the carpels ; 3, M. e
cillata, Linn., DC. Le 433, with erect stems, small flowers in close clusters, and the em
pels of M. parviflora; aud 4, M. sylvestris, Linn., DC. l. c. 432, with ascending or erect
stems, large flowers, the petals 3 or 4 times as long as the calyx, the carpels angular as 10
M. parviflora,

2. MALVASTRUM, A. Gray.

Bracteoles either none or 1 to 3, small and distinct. Calyx 5-lobed. Sta-
minal column divided to the top into several filaments. Ovary-cells 5 or
more, l-ovulate. Style-branches of the same number as the cells, filiform or
club-shaped, with terminal small or capitate stigmas. ` Fruit-carpels seceding
from the short axis, indehiscent or slightly 2-valved, occasionally produced at
the top into erect connivent beaks. Seed ascending, reniform.—Herbs or
undershrubs. Leaves entire or divided. Flowers red or yellow, shoitly pe-
dunculate or sessile, axillary or in terminal spikes.

A considerable genus, chiefly American, with a few South African species. The two Am:
tralian species‘are both American, but now scattered over some of the warmer regions of the

Malvastrum.) XXI. MALVACEÆ: 187

Old World. The genus, formerly confounded with Malva and Sida, is readily distinguished
from the former by the styles, from the latter by the ascending ovules and seeds.

Tomentum stellate. Flowers mostly in a short terminal spike . . 1. M. spicatum:
Hairs appressed, parallel. Flowers mostly axillary. Calyx broad . 2. M. tricuspidatuma

_ l1. M. spicatum, 4. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 22, and Bot. Amer. Expl. Ecped.
1. 147. An erect branching herb of 1 to 2 ft., becoming almost woody at
the base, scabrous or softly tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, irregularly serrate
or crenate, very rarely obscurely 3-lobed. Flowers rather small, yellow, ses-
sile in a dense terminal spike, rarely exceeding 1 to 12 in. in length, and
often leafy at the base: Bracts narrow, shorter than the calyx, usually 2-
lobed. Bracteoles 3, filiform, closely appressed to the calyx. Calyx’ softly
pubescent, the lobes acuminate, and often bordered by long hairs. Petals
about 4 to 5 lines long. ` Carpels 8 to 12, not close-pressed, angular on the
edges, pubescent on the top, without points.—.Ma/va spicata, Linn. ; Cav.
Diss. t. 20, f. 4; DC. Prod. i. 430; M. ovata, Cay. Diss. 81, t. 20, f. 2;
M. timoriensis, DC. Prod. i. 430; M. brachystachya, F. Muell. in Linnea,
xxv. 378.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Broad Sound and Keppel Bay, A. Brown ; Brisbane river, Fraser ;
subtropical interior, Mitchell ; Moreton Bay and Gilbert river, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beck/er ; New England, C. Stuart ; Darling river and
other parts of the W. interior, Victorian Expedition, Dallachy, etc.

S. Australia. Flinders range, F. Mueller.

The species is common in tropical America, and has been found also in the Cape de Verd
Islands and in ‘Timor.

2. M. tricuspidatum, 4. Gray, Pl. Wright , and Bot. Amer. Expl.
Deped. i. 148. An erect branching herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, bard and almost
Woody at the base, although sometimes annual, the branches sprinkled or
Covered with closely appressed hairs. Leaves on rather long petioles, from

roadly ovate to lanceolate, l.to 2 in. long, irregularly toothed, hairy.
Flowers yellow, almost sessile in the axils of the leaves, or clustered towards
the ends of the branches. Calyx broadly 5-lobed, with 3 small, narrow, ex-
ternal bracts. Carpels 8 to 12 or even more, closely packed in a depressed
"ing, each one reniform, with 3 minute unequal points on the upper edge, 1
at the inner angle, 2 dorsal.—Malva tricuspidata, Ait.; DC. Prod. i. 430;
Sida carpinoides, DC. Prod. i. 460.

_ N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Becker. This species, probably of American origin,
18 — more widely scattered over the warmer regions of the Old World than the M. spi-
catum,

3. PLAGIANTHUS, Forst.
(Asterotrichon and Blepharanthemum, A7otzsch ; Lawrencia, Hook. ; Halothamnus, F. Muel?.)
Bracteoles none or distant from the calyx. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed.
taminal column divided at the top into several filaments. Ovary-cells 2 to
5, rarely 1 or indefinite, 1-ovulate. Style-branches as many as cells, filiform
or club-shaped, stigmatic along the inner side, either the whole length or
hear the top. — Fruit-carpels 1, 2, or more, seceding from the axis, indehiscent

*

188 XXI. MALVACEJE. [Plagianthus.

or irregularly breaking up. Seed pendulous, with a dorsal raphe.—Shrubs
or rarely herbs. Leaves entire or rarely lobed. Flowers usually small and
white, more or less completely dicwcious, axillary or terminal, usually clus-
tered, rarely solitary or in short panicles.

The genus is confined to Australia and New Zealand, the several species being in each case
endemic. It was formerly referred to Sterculiacee, from a mistaken view of the anthers.
It is however nearly allied to Sida, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite the greater
number of species, but the habit is different, the flowers, although generally provided both
with stamens and pistils, are nevertheless almost constantly dicecious by abortion, which has
not been observed in true Sidas, and the character derived from the style is one of the most
constant in Malvacee. S

- Sect. 1. Plagianthus.— Calyx campanulate, the angles not prominent. Shrubs often
tall. Leaves herbaceous, rugose, serrate or crenate, glabrous or stellate-hairy.

Carpels 2 or 3 (1 only usually ripening) . . . . . . . . . 1. P. sidoides.
Carpa unalir-b eem RS Ba E

Sect. 2. Lawrencia (Wrenciala, A. Gr.).—Calyx with 5 prominent angles. Herbs
or tortuous shrubs. Leaves thick or small, entire or toothed at the top, nearly glabrous or
scurfy.

Flowers in dense terminal spikes. Erect herb, glabrous or slightly

WEE E e o ee 7: vu. a eee

Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, not spicate. Herbs either gla-
brous or slightly stellate-pubescent.

Leaves cuneate-oblong. Flowers all sessile . . . . . . .

Leaves small, orbicular or obovate, on long petioles, Male flowers

NE EE

Tortuous shrubs, the herbaceous parts covered with scurfy scales.

Stem-leaves petiolate, often above 1 in. long aoe eas
Stem-leaves sessile or nearly so, rarely excecding 4 in. and mostly
Deb dia X. oS Oe E e SE

3. P. spicatus.

4. P. glomeratus.
5. P. diffusus.

6. P. squamatus.

1, P. sidoides, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3396. A shrub of several feet or
sometimes a small tree, the young branches, under side of the leaves, and in-
florescence more or less covered with a whitish or brown stellate tomentum,
sometimes very dense and floccose. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to lanceo-
late, obtusely serrate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, rounded at the base, on pe-
tioles of 3 to 6 lines, glabrous on the upper side when full grown, with im-
pressed veins. Flowers small, in short axillary racemes, the males with @
broad campanulate calyx about 2 lines long ; stamens about 15, the tube ob-
scurely divided at the top into 5 clusters; pistil small and barren, although
the ovary is 2-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each. m the females the
calyx is almost tubular, the petals scarcely longer and persistent, the anthers
small and barren, the pistil fully developed, the ovary 2-celled, the style-
branches hairy at the base, much dilated from the middle upwards. Fruit-
carpels usually 1 only, apparently indehiscent, enclosed in the membranous
calyx ; when both ripen they appear to separate.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 49;
Sida discolor, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 250 ; Asterotrichon sidoides, Klotzsch im
Liak, Kl. et Otto. Ic. Pl. Rar. 19, t. 8; Plagianthus Lampenii, Lindl. Bot.
Reg. 1838, Misc. 22. ;

Tasmania. Common in ravines, etc., in the southern part of the island, R. Brown,
J. D. Hooker, and others.

The bark, full of strong fibre, is used in Tasmania as cordage.

RIT ee A Zens, Set 8 ENEE ONE

Plagianthus.) XXI. MALVACEJE. 189

2. P. pulchellus, 4. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 181. A tall
shrub or small tree, either quite glabrous or the young branches and under
side of the leaves slightly scabrous with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves on
rather long petioles, from deeply cordate-ovate to lanceolate, often acuminate,
2 to 3 in. or rarely longer, coarsely crenate, mostly membranous, glabrous above.
Flowers small, ‘clustered along the rhachis of axillary racemes, longer or
shorter than the petioles. Males pedicellate, with a broadly campanulate
glabrous calyx of scarcely 1} lines. Petals twice as long. Stamens near 30.
Pistil small and barren, although bearing ovules. Female flowérs sessile,
with a small ovoid or almost globular calyx. Petals small and persistent.
Anthers small and barren. Ovary 5-celled. Style-branches much thickened
and stigmatic from about the middle. Fruit much longer than the calyx,
slightly tomentose, somewhat depressed, deeply divided into 5 distinct cocci,
Which separate from the 5-angled axis and at length open in 2 short valves.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 49; Sida pulchella, Bonpl. Jard. Malm. t. 2; DC.
Prod. i. 468 (character incorrect); F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 161 ; Abutilon pul-
chellum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 501; Blepharanthemum, Klotzsch, in Link, Kl.

and Ott. Ie. Pl. Rar. i. 20.

N. S. Wales. Hawkesbury river, R. Brown. Cox’s and Macquarie rivers, 4. Cun-
nmgham; Mawara aud Argyle county, Backhouse.

Vi i Yarra river, F. Mueller ; Fitzroy river, Robertson. S

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant near Launceston and on the North
Esk river, J. D. Hooker.

Var. tomentosus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 49. More tomentose, especially the under side of
the leaves and calyces. Styles elongated and slender. Cocci very tomentose.— Sida pul-
chella, Bot. Mag. t. 2753; S. tasmanica, Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 412; Plagi-
anthus tasmanicus, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 181. Tambo and Buchan rivers
in Victoria, F, Mueller ; common in Tasmania, Guan.

3. P. spicatus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 103. A tall, erect,
somewhat fleshy herb, drying of a yellowish colour, and glabrous or nearly so,
with a thick, hard, almost woody base, and but little branched, attaining
Sometimes 5 ft. in height, but sometimes only 1 or 2 ft. Leaves on long pe-
tioles, from ovate to ovate-oblong or cuneate, rarely exceeding 1 in., irregu-
larly toothed, 3- or 5-nerved, rather thick, the upper ones smaller and more
sessile, passing into leafy bracts with the stipules adnate. Flowers sessile, 1
to 3 together in the upper leaves and bracts, forming a terminal leafy spike
Sometimes a foot long and very dense, usually shorter, with the lower flowers
distant. Calyx 5-angled, about 3 lines long. Petals scarcely longer. Sta-
mens usually under 20. Styles long and slender. Carpels 5, glabrous, not
exceeding the calyx, very angular and reticulate, terminating in short conni-
Vent points.—Lawrencia spicata, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 261; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i.
18; Sida Lawrencia, F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 162.

a Victoria. Salt marshes, scattered along the seacoast, and subsaline places of the N. W.
esert co

Sui, rae lid: Bass's Straits, Gunn; Great Swan Port, Backhouse.

S. Australia. At various points along the coast, R. Brown, F. Mueller, and others.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 302; Sussex district, Preiss,
^. 2381; Hamden, Clarke; Port Gregory, Oldfield. "e T l

Var, pubescens, Sprinkled with loose stellate hairs, and more branching, with the spikes

190 XXl. MALVACES, [Plagianthus.

more interrupted at the base, but always close at the top.—N.W. interior of Victoria, and
in S. Australia.

4. P. glomeratus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 103. A glabrous or
slightly hoary, decumbent and much-branched herb, with ascending branches
often above 1 ft. high. Leaves cuneate-oblong, toothed at the end, resem-
bling those of P. spicatus, but usually narrower and more gradually narrowed
into the petiole. Flowers all axillary, usually 3 together and sessile, forming
distant clusters along the leafy branches and never collected into a spike, the
ends of the branches all barren. Flowers nearly those of P. spicatus, but
smaller, and the stamens and styles much shorter.— Lawrencia glomerata,
Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 417.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown. 1

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; Port Gregory, Oldfield (a hoary variety).

F. Mueller unites this with P. spicatus, but I see no tendency to the spicate inflores-
cence so characteristic of that species, besides the general differences in habit and foliage.

5. P. diffusus, Benth. Herbaceous, much-branched, diffuse or prostrate,
sometimes not exceeding 2 or 3 in., sometimes nearly 1 ft. long, but much
more slender than P. glomeratus, glabrous or sprinkled with a few stellate
hairs. Leaves on long petioles, orbicular or obovate, rarely exceeding im.
in diameter, and often much smaller, coarsely crenate. Flowers axillary, 1 to
3 together, the males on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines, the females sessile. Calyx

ly campanulate, slightly angular, not 2 lines long. Petals in the males
much longer, in the females small and persistent. Stamens 10 to 15, or fewer
in the females. Styles of the females long and acute. Carpels 5, glabrous,
not exceeding the calyx, ending in short connivent points, and not separating
very readily.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 104, 137, and 246 (females), and n. 279,
5th Coll. (males).

6. P. squamatus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 103. A rigid tor-
tuous shrub, the leaves and other herbaceous parts densely covered with sm
peltate, scurfy scales, the young branches often simple and erect, 1 ft. long or
more, the short ones rarely spinescent. Leaves oblong-linear, entire, the
larger ones above 1 in. long and narrowed into a long petiole with small ses-
sile ones clustered in their axil, the floral ones rarely exceeding 3 in. Flowers
small, closely sessile in axillary clusters, not spicate., Calyx not 2 lines long,
very scurfy, with obtuse lobes. Petals narrow, scarcely exceeding the calyx,
and very small in the females. Carpels 3, 4, or 5, the styles protruding con-
siderably beyond the calyx, the stigmatic part somewhat dilated and ending
in a long point. Ripe fruit not seen, but only 1 or 2 carpels appear to en-
large.— Lawrencia squamata, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 242.

N. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 106, Preiss, n. 123).

7. P. microphyllus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 29. Very closely allied to

P. squamatus, and similarly covered with scurfy scales, but a lower, more
tortuous, and more branched shrub, the smaller branches slender and often
spinescent. Leaves from linear to oblong-cuneate, rarely exceeding 3 1n-
and usually much smaller, obtuse or 3-toothed at the end, more or less
. tapering at the hase. Flowers small, sessile or nearly so, 1 to 3 together m

Plagianthus.] XXI. MALVACER. 191

the axils, not spicate. Calyx when in flower not above 14 line long. Carpel
usually single, enclosed in the calyx and membranous as in P. sidoides.— Ha-
lothamnus inicrophyllus, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 159.

__ Victoria. Sandy, especially subsaline inland localities or in the so-called salt-bush coun-
try, thence extending through many parts of the Murray desert, F. Mueller.
oe Australia. In the littoral tracts, F. Mueller ; bays and islands, S. coast, A.
rown,
W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 208, and 4th Coll. n. 252.

4. SIDA, Linn.

Bracteoles none, or small and distant from the calyx. Calyx 5-toothed or
5-lobed. Staminal column divided at the top into several filaments. Ovary-
cells 5 or more, verticillate, l-ovulate. Style-branches as many as cells, fili-
form or slightly clavate, with terminal, capitate or truncate stigmas. Fruit-
carpels either obtuse or with connivent points, seceding from the axis, inde-
hiscent or opening shortly at the top in 2 valves. Seed pendulous or hori-
zontal, with a dorsal raphe.— Herbs or shrubs, usually clothed with a soft or
whitish stellate tomentum. Stipules in all the Australian species except S.
JHookeriana, subulate and deciduous. Flowers sessile or peduneulate, axillary
or in terminal heads, spikes, or racemes, of various colours and sometimes
large, but most frequently rather small, yellow, or whitish.

The genus, even as now limited to the exclusion of the Abutilons, is large, and widely
spread over the warmer regions of the globe, but most abundant in America. Of the
Australian species three are common tropical weeds, the remainder all endemic.

$ 1. Calyx without prominent ribs or angles. Carpels strongly reticulate on the sides
(except S. pleiantha), indehiscent, or nearly so, never aristate. Perennials or shrubs.
Leaves undivided.
Flowers 1 or 2 together, on slender pedicels, articulate near the top. `
Calyx-lobes obtuse, not protruding beyond the broad part of the fruit.
Carpels strongly wrinkled on the back. Fruit 23 to 4 lines

Fe, UMMMMS Sid coat al MOM aa E
arpels not, or very slightly wrinkled. Fruit not exceeding ads Wr
NM iiiam.: kait and flowers very small . . . . 2. S. intricata.
Calyx-lobes acute or scarcely acuminate, remaining herbaceous, and
not much enlarged after flowering.

Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cordate at the base . 3. A macropoda.

Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, not cordate — . 4. 8. virgata.
Calyx-lobes acuminate, with long, subulate, woolly points 5. S. eryphiopetala.

Calyx-lobes enlarged and thinner or scarious after flowering.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong. Carpels 6 to 8. i
Fruiting calyx about 4 in. diameter, slightly spreading ; lobes :
e narrow, arg nig is ius à e E fw 6. S. petrophila.
ruiting calyx $ in. diameter, very spreading; lobes broadly 4
i SN en ASSP ERAS X ni f A ENG , 7. S. calyxhymenia,
aves cordate-ovate or orbicular. Carpels above 15. Fruiting
calyx 2.in, diameter. s qe se Gein ceo be eum S. physocalyx.
Flowers clustered, several together. Pedicels short, not articulate.
owers nearly sessile. Tomentum dense, or rarely scanty, Carpels
Béigen on the aide 2s o o 9 eR ES
Flowers pedicellate. "Tomentum thin or floceose. Carpels not :
Bëlleg, . . 1. ve oo ua mie mun béeteedée,

9. S. subspicata.

192 XXI. MALVACEZ. [ Sida.

§ 2. Calyx 5-angled, prominently \0-ribbed. Carpels not reticulate on the sides, and
opening in 2 short valves at the top. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided.
Leaves ovate or narrow, whitish with a close tomentum on both sides.

Carpels 5 DO ee, ura c © Ds e MAREM
Leaves ovate or narrow, whitish with a close tomentum underneath. :

Carpels about 10 . ON ee ee E . 12. S. rhombifolia.
Leaves broad, cordate (or rarely narrow). ^ Tomentum soft, loose, or

velvety.. Carpelsabont 10... +). - egen, a . 18. S. cordifolia.

8 3. Calyx with 15 or 20 nerves prominent when in fruit. Carpels numerous. Styles
Sree to the base. Leaves undivided.

Calyx enlarging little after flowering, open at the top . . . . l4. S. platycalyz.

Fruiting calyx very large, membranous, quite closed over the fruit . 15. S. inclusa.

§ 4. Calyx 10-ribbed at the base, each lobe having also 2 intramarginal veins. Annual,
with deeply-lobed leaves Pag e 2. e ee . . 16. S. Hookeriana.

1. S. corrugata, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 13. Rootstock and
often the base of the stem woody, the branches usually diffuse or procumbent
and under 1 ft. long, or in some varieties elongated, slender, and divaricate,
attaining fully 2 ft., more or less hoary as well as the leaves with stellate hairs
or short pubescence. Leaves orbicular, ovate or lanceolate, crenate, mostly i
to lin. long, cordate or obtuse at the base, on petioles shorter than the
laminz, and sometimes very short. Pedicels axillary, 1 to 3 together, fili-
form or slender, rarely as long as the leaves, articulate below the top. Calyx
tomentose, 2 to 23 lines long, the lobes broad and obtuse, spreading under
the fruit. Petals yellow, about twice the length of the calyx. Stamens 10
to 15. Fruit depressed-globular, varying from 24 to near 5 lines diameter,
tomentose or nearly glabrous, the obtuse often-raised centre marked with
radiating furrows formed by the grooved connivent summits of the carpels,
the circumference deeply wrinkled. Carpels 6 to 10, indehiscent, strongly
reticulate on the sides. Seeds glabrous or slightly tomentose.—F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 163. :

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. On the Marauoa, Mitchell ; in the interior, Leichhardt.

E N. S. Wales. Broadland on the Hawkesbury river, R. Brown ; desert land of the
interior from Peel's range and the Bogan to the S. Australian frontier, A. Cunningham;
Fraser, Mitchell! and others.

Victoria. Desert tracts, basaltic downs and ridges from Bacchus Marsh to the N.W.
part of the colony, F. Mueller. :

S. Australia.

S. coast, R. Brown; Flinders E . ind NW. B
terior, Sturt. n range, 4. Cunningham; an

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison ri ORNA
Dirk Hartog's Island, A. Cunningham. NIE E

"This plant assumes forms apparently so distinct that it is difficult to believe that some
them ought not to be considered as species. — In attempting, however, to fix their limits,
so many intermediate specimens have “presented themselves, that I feel compelled to
follow F. Mueller in uniting them under one name. The following appear to be the most
marked :— F

a, orbicularis. Stems short, diffuse, and tomentose. Leaves orbicular or broadly ovate,
ern) " Ru SE cordate at the base. Flowers and fruits rather large. 5. A
rugata, Lindl. Le: S. interstans and S. ochroma, F. in Li v. 38
Chiefly in Vietoria and N. S. Wales. ee ee

6, ovata, Stems usually more slender and elongated. Leaves mostly cordate-ovate,

with small and regular crenatures, often softly tomentose. Petioles often short, and some- -

Sida. } XXI. MALVACE&. 193

times very short. Flowers and fruits rather small. S. fibulifera, Lindl. in Mitch. Three
Exped. li. 45; S. filiformis, A. Cunn. in Mitch, Trop. Austr. 361.—N. Australia (iucluding
a var. with very short pedicels), Queensland, N. S. Wales, Victoria, and S. Australia.
S. pedunculata, A. Cunn. ms., from Peel’s range, is a remarkable form, densely tomentose,
With the lower leaves 2 in. long, and the lower peduncles elongated, bearing a leafless raceme
of several flowers, with rigid stipulary bracts; the inflorescence in the upper part quite
normal. S. zematopoda, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 382, has smaller and less wrinkled
fruits, although still much more so than in 5. intricata, and the foliage is quite that of the
present variety. -
€. angustifolia. Stems slender, often nearly glabrous as well as the leaves. — Leaves
. cordate-lanceolate, deeply toothed. Flowers and fruits small. Extends over the whole
Tange of the species, and the only form hitherto found in W. Australia.—S, humillima,
F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 12, is a small hoary form, with larger leaves, approach-
ing sometimes the first variety. Some specimens of A. Cunningham’s from Dirk Hartog's
Island have the leaves more densely white-tomentose.

- trichopoda. Like the last, but the lanceolate or oblong-linear leaves are never cordate
at the base, and the slender pedicels mostly exceed the leaves.—S. trichopoda, F. Muell. in
Linnea, xxv. 384. On nearly the whole range of the species, excepting W. Australia.

.. € goniocarpa, F. Muell. Foliage of the last var., but the fruit larger, the angles of
each carpel bordered by vertical wings, forming on the fruit as many very prominent angles
as there are carpels, Nangavera in N. S. Wales, Victorian Expedition.

2. S. intricata, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 19, and in Hook.
Aew Journ. vii. 9. This form also is now reduced by F. Mueller (Pl. Vict.
1. 163) to the S. corrugata. 1 am inclined however to keep it distinct, as
the characters appear on the dried specimens to be tolerably constant. It
Is a small or slender, very much branched tomentose undershrub, resembling
- the var. ovata of S. corrugata in general characters, but with much smaller
faves and very much smaller flowers, on short slender pedicels, the fruits not
above 2 lines diameter, consisting of 5 to 8 tomentose carpels, not furrowed
at their points, and smooth or only very slightly wrinkled on the back.

N. Australia. Stony ridges of the Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

.N.S. Wales. From Molle’s Plains, 4. Cunningham, to the Darling and Murray
Nvers, F, Mueller, ;
S. In the interior near Mount Hope, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 105.

3. S. macropoda, F. Muell. Herb. An erect, branching shrub, densely
clothed with a stellate tomentum, thick and often yellowish on the branches,
ost velvety on the leaves, Leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in.
ong, erenate, thick and soft, deeply wrinkled above, prominently veined un-
*rneath. Pedicels filiform, sometimes exceeding the leaves. — Calyx-lobes
acuminate or acute, closed over the fruit or spreading. Petals yellow, only
shortly exceeding the calyx. Fruit 3 or 4 lines diameter, with the radiating
strie in the centre and the carpels wrinkled on the back as in S. corrugata,
from which this species differs in stature, foliage, and the acute calyx-lobes.
N. Australia, Summits of Sca range, head of Hooker's Creek, Arnhem's Land and
zt of Carpentaria, F. Mueller. A specinten of Leichhardt’s, from the Brigalow scrub on
pn Creek, appears to be the same species.
ar, (?) cardiophylla, F. Muell. Tomentum more dense, but closer ; leaves shorter, and
nearly orbieular ; pedicels shorter.—Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller. This may possibly be a
distinct species, but the specimens are not sufficiently advanced to determine. In other
specimens in young bud only, these buds are sessile or nearly so ; the pedicel probably grows
rw before the lower expands, and may sometimes remain very short, E
KÉ

194 ; XXI. MALVACE®. (Sida.

4. S. virgata, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 361. This resembles at
first sight, especially in the leaves, the S. calyzAymenia, and in some respects
some narrow-leaved forms of S. corrugata ; but the calyx does not enlarge as
in the former, and its lobes are not obtuse as in the latter, and the stellate
tomentum is dense and soft, almost woolly, and often fulvous. It appears to
be an erect shrub, with long twiggy branches. Leaves shortly petiolate,
lanceolate or oblong-linear, often exceeding 1 in., obtuse at the base, denticu-
late, less tomentose above than underneath. Pedicels slender, but rarely as
long as the leaves. Calyx very tomentose, not prominently ribbed, the acute
lobes about as long as the cup. Petals yellow, twice as long as the calyx,
varying from 3 to 4lines. Fruit about 3 lines diameter, depressed, with the
centre slightly projecting. Carpels 6 to 8 or rarely more, their radiating
summits scarcely furrowed, wrinkled on the back, strongly reticulate on the
sides.

N. Australia. Sandstone table-land of the Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. On the Maranoa, Mitchell.

.S. Australia, In the interior at Depot Creek, F. Mueller.
Var. pheotricha. Stellate hairs very fulvous, almost woolly; carpels very tomentose,

less wrinkled, the centre of the fruit more prominent.—S. pheotricha, F. Muell. in Linnea,
xxv. 382. In the interior of S. Australia.

5. S. cryphiopetala, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 4. A shrub, nearly allied

to S. virgata, but the tomentum longer and denser, almost woolly or floccose.

- Leaves ovate-lanceolate or cordate, often 2 in. long. Calyx densely woolly-

hirsute, the lobes attaining 3 or 4 lines, including their long soft hirsute fili-

form points, exceeding the petals in the specimens seen. Carpels 5 or more,

wrinkled on the back, reticulate on the sides, their summits forming a strongly
projecting centre to the fruit.

N. Australia. Brindley’s Bluff, Macdonnell ranges, M‘Douall Stuart (Herb.
F. Muell.) > :

6. S. petrophila, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 381. A hoary tomentose
erect shrub of 2 to 4 ft., with the habit, foliage, and inflorescence of 5. calyz-
hymenia, but the flowers are not nearly so broad, the unexpanded bud rather `
ovoid than depressed-globular, the petals longer than the calyx, and the fruit-
ing calyx not nearly so much enlarged, the ovate-lanceolate lobes not exceed-
ing 3 lines in length, not half so broad as in S. calyxhymenia, and of a much
thicker consistence. Fruit depressed, tomentose, wrinkled on the circum-
ference and furrowed between the carpels as in 5. calywhymenia, but the car-
pels are usually about 7.

N.S. Wales. Mount Caley, A. Cunningham; Peels range, Fraser; Toguya hills,
Darling river, Victorian Erpedition.

S. Australia. Flinders range, and towards Lake Torrens, A. Cunningham, F.

Mueller; between Stokes range and Cooper’s Creek, Wheeler; towards Spencer's Gulf,

Warburton.

7. S. calyxhymenia, J. Gay, in DO. Prod. i. 462. An erect shrub,
hoary all over with a stellate tomentum much closer than in S. virgata, whic
this species generally resembles in habit and foliage. Leaves shortly petio-
late, lanceolate or oblong-linear, or the lower ones ovate-lanceolate, mostly
1 to 14 in. long, slightly toothed, obtuse at the base. Pedicels 1 to 3 to-

. Aida.] XXI. MALVACE f. j 195

gether, mostly shorter than the leaves. Calyx tomentose, not prominently
ribbed, at first campanulate as in S. virgata, but with the lobes more obtuse
and very soon enlarging; when in fruit very spreading, fully $ in. diameter,
the broadly ovate lobes thin and transparent. Petals yellow, rather longer
than the calyx before it enlarges. Stamens 10 to 15. Fruit nearly globular,
with a raised conical centre, the circumference wrinkled and grooved between .
the carpels. Carpels 5, reticulate on the sides.—Fleischeria pubens, Steud. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 237; Steetz, l. c. ii. 366.

_S. Australia. A specimen in Herb. Muell. from Margaritte river, Babbage’s Expedi-
tion, appears to belong to this species, but the calyx is not yet sufficiently advanced to dc-
termine it absolutely. ` Y

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; shady rocks of Mount Mathilde, Preiss,
n. 1662; Murchison river, Oldfield.

8. S. physocalyx, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 3. A shrub, densely clothed
With a soft, woolly, almost floccose tomentum. Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate
or orbieular, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, crenate, thick and soft. Stipules
remarkably long aud filiform. Flowers not seen. Fruiting calyx peduncu-
late in the upper axils, very much enlarged, thin, scarious, and reticulate,
broadly 5-lobed, the angles very prominent, so as to give the sides a cordate
form, expanding to 2 in. diameter. Carpels numerous (above 15), glabrous,
tuberculate or almost muricate, forming a depressed disk-like fruit of about
5 lines diameter.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, N.W. coast, F. Gregory s Expedition.

9. S. subspicata, F. Muell. Herb. An erect shrub, sparingly tomen-
‘tose and green, or densely tomentose like S. virgata and S. macropoda, but at
once known by the inflorescence. Leaves from cordate-ovate to lanceolate,
1 to 2 in. long, obtuse, crenate, cordate or rounded at the base, slightly
wrinkled above, with the veins prominent underneath, scabrous, velvety or
densely tomentose. Flowers small, nearly sessile, clustered or rarely solitary,
the upper clusters forming often an irregular terminal spike, with few small
floral leaves. Calyx not ribbed, the lobes acute, at least as long as the tube
and closing over the fruit, but not covering it. Petals nearly twice as long.
Stamens often under 10. Fruit nearly globular, but grooved between the
carpels ; carpels 5 or 6, tomentose, reticulate on the side, but not wrinkled
9n the back, and not acuminate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Hooker and Sturt’s Creeks, F.
Mueller.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Brisbane river,
Fraser, F. Mueller ; Rant ead antec rivers, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet.
N. S. Wales. Kirkton, Upper Hunter river, Backhouse ; Clarence river, Beckler.

10. S. pleiantha, F. Muell. Herb. A shrub or undershrub, with elon-
gated branches, green or hoary with a loose stellate tomentum, sometimes
floecose. Leaves petiolate, the smaller ones nearly orbieular, À in. long, the
larger ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2 in., toothed, rounded or scarcely
cordate at the base. Flowers small, clustered several together, the pedicels
2 to 4 lines long, not articulate. Calyx broadly campanulate, when in flower
about 12 lines long, with ovate-acute tomentose lobes, somewhat enlarged

When in fruit, the lobes broad, herbaccous, glabrous, and aa the
o

196 XXI. MALVACER. [Sida.

fruit, with projecting undulate sinuses. Stamens often not more than: 10.

Fruit depressed-orbicular, about 3 lines diameter, nearly glabrous, not

wrinkled, but strongly grooved between the carpels. Carpels 7 to 10, not

reticulate on the sides. :
Queensland. Peak Downs, F. Mueller.

1l. S. spinosa, Li»».; DC. Prod. i. 460. An annual or sometimes
perennial, and woody at the base, with the habit and inflorescence of the
narrow-leaved forms of $. rhombifolia, but the whole plant, including both
sides of the leaves, whitish with a minute tomentum, which is soft and more

dense on the calyx. Leaves from ovate to lanceolate. Carpels almost always `

5 only, more erect and less readily detached than in 5$. rhombifolia, often
slightly reticulate, awnless or with short awns.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 123.
N. Australia. N.coast, R. Brown; Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller i Quail Island,
Flood. The species is not uncommon in tropical Asia, more rare in America. It derives
its name from the stipules in falling off often leaving a prominent tubercular base, more dis-
tinct in this than in any other species, although the character is even here not constant.

12. S. rhombifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 462. A perennial or under-
shrub, very variable in stature, sometimes tall and erect with the larger leaves
ovate and 3 in. long, the ‘Australian specimens more generally representing
the more spreading forms, with rigid virgate minutely tomentose branches,
and small narrow leaves, rarely exceeding 1 in., varying from ovate-lanceolate
to narrow-lanceolate, or from nearly obovate to oblong-cuneate, always shortly
petiolate, toothed, nearly glabrous above and more or less whitened. under-
neath with a short tomentum. Pedicels mostly longer than the petiole and
sometimes as long as the leaf, articulate about the middle. Flowers rather
small, yellow. Calyx broad, glabrous or slightly hoary, prominently 10-
ribbed at the base. Carpels about 10, with or without terminal erect-conni-
vent awns, angled at the back, neither wrinkled nor reticulate, opening at
the top in two very short valves.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. z

Queensland. Brisbane river; F. Mueller. e

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson; Paramatta, introduced from the
Mauritius, and now a troublesome weed, C. Moore. The species is one of the commonest
tropical weeds, both in the New and the Old World, and includes S. retusa, Linn., S. rhom-

boidea, Roxb., S. philippica, and S. compressa, DC., and several other published forms.
. Var.(?) incana. Leaves whitish on both sides as in S. spinosa, but carpels about 10,

with long awns.—Nicholson river, F. Mueller; Comet river, Leichhardt ; the specimens

not complete.

13. S. cordifolia, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 464. A rather coarse, branch-
ing, erect or rarely decumbent herb or undershrub, more or less clothed with
a soft stellate tomentum or velvety hairs, the branches often also hirsute with
spreading hairs. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly cordate or almost
orbicular or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 1 to li or rarely 2 in. long, usually soft
and thick. Flowers small, yellow, on short axillary ‘pedicels or clustered into
short leafy racemes. Calyx 10-ribbed at the base, softly tomentose. Carpels
about 10 or sometimes fewer, smooth or slightly wrinkled, opening at the

top in 2 valves, and in the usual form terminating in rather long erect-conni-
vent awns.

Sida.] XXI. MALVACEX. 197

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; N. coast, Bynoe.

Queensland. Peak Downs, F. Mueller.

The species is very abundant in almost all tropical countries, and includes S. altheifolia,
Lam., and several other supposed species.

Var. (P) mutica. Carpels without the awns which generally distinguish the species.

e leaves are very soft and velvety, but small and narrow, the specimens have, however,
lost those of the primary branches.— Macarthur river, Gulf of Carpeutaria, P. Mueller,

14. S. platycalyx, F. Muell, Herb. Shrubby and densely clothed with
a soft floccose or velvety stellate tomentum. Leaves ovate-cordate or nearly
orbieular, obtuse, crenate, 1 in. long or more, soft and thick. Pedicels as
long as the leaves, soft, articulate above the middle. Calyx broadly campa-
nulate, about 5 lines long, with a broadly obtuse base, the lobes erect or
spreading, shorter than the tube, densely tomentose outside, each sepal
marked with 3 prominent ribs, with another almost equally prominent at the
Junction of the sepals. Petals broad, shorter than the calyx. Stamens very
numerous, the staminal tube almost truncate at the top. Carpels about 24,
closely packed in a tomentose ring round the base of the styles, which are
free almost to the base with small capitate stigmas. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.

15. S. inclusa, Benth. A shrub, densely velvety tomentose or almost
floceose. Leaves ovate or orbicular, often cordate, obtuse, crenate, mostly
above 1 in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting calyx on peduncles of about
l in., membranous and inflated, above 1 in. diameter, tomentose, marked
With numerous longitudinal veins or ribs, the short lobes connivent, so as
completely to enclose the fruit. Carpels numerous, stellate-hirsute, echinate
With rather soft hirsute spines, forming a depressed orbicular fruit of nearly
l in. diameter.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, N.W. coast, F. Gregory's Expedition. "This species
and S. platycalyx are distinguished in the genus by their many-ribbed calyx; as the oue is
only known in fruit, and the other in flower, or scarcely past, the distinction between the
two cannot be established with certainty, but S. p/atyealyx certainly shows no tendency to
the singular enlargement of the calyx of S. inclusa.
© 16. 8, Hookeriana, Mig. in Pi. Preiss. i. 242. An erect or decum-
bent annual, 1 or rarely 2 ft. high, glabrous or with a few small scattered
hairs. Stipules narrow-lanceolate. Leaves on long petioles, nearly orbicular
In circumscription, but deeply divided into 3 or 5 ovate or cuneate deeply
toothed lobes. Flowers small, white, usually 2 together, one on a long pe-
dicel articulate near the top, the other nearly sessile. Calyx 5-ribbed, gla-
prous or nearly so, campanulate when in flower and about 22 lines long ; when
In fruit broadly spreading, as in 42oda, about 4 in. diameter, with broadly
ovate lobes, the ribs on reaching the sinus dividing into intramarginal veins
along each lobe. Petals about as long as the calyx. Staminal tube slender.

ruit depressed-orbicular, about 3 lines diameter, the centre not prominent,
glabrous and smooth. Carpels about 10, not awned, with very thin sides,

Caving, when they fall, their dorsal filiform nerves attached to the column.—
S. leiophloia, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 241.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan River, Drummond ; Rottenest
ane Wellington district, Preiss, n. 1894 and 1896; Blackwoood ‘and Vasse rivers,
L eld.

198 XXI. MALVACEX. [ Sida.

S. rupestris, Mig. l.c. 241, which I have not seen, appears from the description to be
the same species with the young parts pubescent. S. Hookeriana is perhaps nearer allied
in appearance to Modiola caroliniana than to Sida triloba, Cav., but differs from both in

the structure of the fruit; S. ¢ri/oba is moreover a perennial, with differently-shaped leaves
and a dissimilar venation of the calyx,

5. HOWITTIA, F. Muell.

Bracteoles none. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal column divided at the top
into several filaments. Ovary-cells 3, rarely 4, with 2 collateral ovules in
each. Style elongated with as many exceedingly short branches as cells and
large capitate stigmas. Capsule depressed-globular, opening loculicidally in
8 valves bearing the dissepiments in their centre, rarely splitting also septict-
dally. Seeds ascending, reniform. Embryo involute with deeply 3-fid cotyle-
dons.—Shrub, with the habit of a Sida.

The genus is limited to a single endemic species,

1. H. trilocularis, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 9, and Pl. Vict.
i. 167. /. 4. A tall, erect, sarmentose shrub, attaining sometimes 20 ft., but
often much smaller, clothed with a rough stellate tomentum like that of some
Lasiopelala. Leaves shortly petiolate, mostly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2
in. long, rounded or slightly cordate at tlie base, the margins recurved, entire
or slightly toothed, green, scabrous, and with impressed veins above, white or
yellowish, with a denser tomentum underneath ; in luxuriant shoots they are
much larger, ovate-cordate or ovate-lanceolate, and coarsely toothed. Stipules
minute and deciduous. Pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 3
to 4 lines long, tomentose. Petals twice as long, purple or rarely white.
Staminal column very short. Style often apparently simple to the stigmas.
Capsule hirsute, shorter than the calyx. Seeds glabrous.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; Valley of the Grose,
Miss Atkinson ; Wonboyn river, and near Twofold Bay, A. Mueller.

Victoria. Coast-ridges of Gipps’ Land. F. Mueller ; Victoria ranges, Wilhelmi ; Mount
Arapiles, Dallachy ; Tattiara country, Woods. .

6. ABUTILON, Gertn.

. Bracteoles none. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal column divided at the top
into several filaments. Ovary-cells 5 or more, verticillate, each with 3 or
more, rarely 2, ovules. Style-branches as many as cells, filiform or club-
shaped, with terminal stigmas. — Fruit-carpels united at the base or entirely
seceding, rounded or angular or with diverging points (not connivent) at the
top, opening in 2 valves, without internal appendages. Seeds nearly reni-
form, the upper ones usually ascending, the lower ones pendulous or hori-
zontal.—Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, usually clothed with a soft stellate to-
mentum. Leaves usually cordate, angular or lobed, rarely narrow ; petioles
usually long (except in 4. crispum). Stipules in all the Australian species
subulate and deciduous. Flowers in the Australian species axillary, yellow
or rarely white, the pedicels articulate above the middle or near the top.

A large genus, distributed over the tropical and warm regions of the globe, chiefly

Abutilon.| XXI. MALVACEA, 199

American. Of the 18 Australian species, three are widely distributed over tropical Asia and
Africa ; one, 4. Avicenna, is Mediterranean and Asiatic, but scarcely tropical ; one, A. auritum,
extends only to the Indian Archipelago; one, A. crispum, is common to both the New and the
Old World, and the remaining 12 are endemic. The genus has frequently been united with
Sida, but the characters derived from the diverging carpels with more than 1 ovule in each,
. 48 contrasted with the converging uniovulate carpels of Sida, are too constant and convenient
to be neglected, in groups so very numerous in species. ‘The differential characters given to
several of the following species from the tropical regions, or from the deserts of the interior,
are as yet very unsatisfactory, owing to the imperfect state of many of the specimens, often
mere fragments,

§ l. Capsule truncate or concave at the top. Carpels (usually 2- or 3-seeded) angular-
pointed or awned at the upper outer edge, persistent, or rarely at length deciduous leaving
the filiform placenta attached to the axis.

Carpels (usually 10 or fewer) not exceeding the calyx-lobes, the
cy erect, or rarely divergent. Stems usually (perhaps always)
shrubby.

Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube.

Petals adnate high up the glabrous staminal tube. Calyx

BE Ini. ono a ie da A, tubulosum.
Petals shortly adnate to the pubescent base of the staminal
tube.
Calyx 1 in. long, campanulate, lobes acute, nearly as long as :
the tube. Petals twice aslong . . < 9. A. amplum.

Calyx 4 to 1 in., lobes acuminate or rather obtuse, spread-
ing, much shorter than the tube.
Petals above lin log . . . . + . « + + + « 8. A, leucopetalum.
Petals shortly exceeding the calyx. . . . . . . . 4 A. Mitchelli,
Calyx about 4 in., rather inflated, truneate, sinuate, or with
very short obtuse lobes.
Petals very small. Staminal column much longer than the
HEN o. ou i on 5 5 P ee
Petals very small or shortly exceeding the calyx, the
staminal column not long . . . «+ - D A. eryptopetalum.
Petals twice as long as the calyx. Leaves deeply lobed . 7. 4. geranioides.
(The last 2 species with more slender branches and a
closer hoary tomentum than 4. micropetalum.)
- Calyx-lobes longer than the tube or cup, acuminate.
Calyx-lobes very concave and prominently keeled. Carpels
about 10, scarcely acuminate m c4 atat de dx s a Me. ade MO
Calyx-ribs or angles scarcely prominent. Carpels 4 or 5, acu- :
NIME COO O06 nU cou cero eM V1 oV 9.44. egenen,
Carpels usually exceeding the calyx-lobes, the poiuts often divergent.
Herbs usually tall, sometimes hard, almost woody at the base. d
Stems coarse and erect. Leaves broadly cordate.
Capsule truncate, Carpels numerous, the points very short.
Ton close and dense, usually without spreading
airs.
Stipules small and subulate. Flowers mostly axillary . . 10. 4. indicum,
Stipules broadly semisagittate. Flowers in terminal leafless e
racemes or panicles en + Ll. 4. auritum,
Capsule truncate. Carpels about 10, with long divergent points. :
Pubescent or loosely tomentose . . . + - - + + + 1% 4. Avicenne.
Capsule contracted and angular at the top. — Carpels numerous,

without points. Tomentum dense, mixed with long spread-
ing hoi Rt . . 18. A. graveolens.

D

Stems rather slender. Leaves ovate or cordate-lanceolate. Capsule
truncate, with short divergent points . . . . + + + + Me A. oxycarpum.

5. 4. micropetalum. 1

D

200 XXI. MALVACE E. ` dbutilon.

§ 2. Carpels (often 1-seeded by abortion) rounded or angled at the top, quite distinct,
and seceding from the axis when fully ripe (Gayoides, Endl.)
Carpels numerous (about 20), closely packed, very hirsute. Tall
herbs, with large, broadly cordate leaves.
Carpels angular at the top, leaving persistent filiform placentas . 13. 4. graveolens.
Carpels rounded at the top, completely deciduous . . . . . 15, A. muticum.
Carpels rarely more than 10, glabrous or slightly tomentose, not
scarious. Leaves mostly cordate-orbicular.
Densely velvety-tomentose (shrubby ?). Petals shortly exceeding $
the calyx ES T cas (x: ce cns c d 2 ME E
Low undershrub, shortly tomentose or pubescent, often with :
spreading hairs. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx . . 17. A. Fraseri.
Carpels 10 to 15, slightly hispid, eularged and scarious when ripe.
Slender undershrub, with cordate, often almost sessile leaves . . 18. 4. crispum.
Distinct as the two sections are in some iustauces, they are closely connected by 4. grave-
olens, and some other intermediate species.

‘1. A. tubulosum, Zook.; Walp, Ann. ii. 158. Tall and shrubby,
clothed with a dense, soft, close, or velvéty tomentum. Leaves deeply cor-
date, ovate or lanceolate, almost acuminate, crenate, attaining 3 to 4 in., very
soft and velvety. Pedicels much shorter than the leaves. Buds acuminate,
prominent-angled. Calyx tubular, about 1 in. long, with 10 slightly promi-
nent ribs, softly tomentose, the lobes acuminate, much shorter than the tube.
Petals (yellow ?) nearly 2 in. longer than the calyx, the claws adhering to `
nearly the middle of the glabrous staminal column. Capsule angular, about
half the length of the calyx, softly villous; carpels 7 to 10, strongly acumi-
nate on their outer edge, containing each usually 3 seeds.—Sida tubulosa, A.
Cunn.; Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 390.

Queensland. Open woods on the Mooni river, Mitchell; Dawson river, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Rocky whinstone hills on Liverpool plains, A. Cunningham. ;

Var. (?) breviflorum. Petals shorter and broader, but glabrous and more aduate than in
A. leucopetalum ; the specimen, however, scarcely sufficient for accurate determination.—
Dawson river, F. Mueller.

2. A. amplum, Benth. Tall and shrubby, the foliage and inflorescence
softly tomentose-hirsute, not so white as in the allied species, and apparently
somewhat viscid. Leaves deeply cordate, ovate, acuminate, crenate, 2 to 4 m.
long, soft but green. Pedicels shorter than the leaves. Buds acuminate,
prominently angled. Calyx, when open, broadly tubular-campanulate, about
l in. long, tomentose-hirsute, with. 10 slightly prominent ribs, the lobes
broadly lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Petals (yellow ?) often twice
as long as the calyx, much broader than in 4. tubulosum, the claws adhering
to the lower part only of the staminal column, and tbere very pubescent.
Capsule angular, softly villous, about half the length of the calyx; carpels
about 5, scarcely acuminate.

N. Australia. Harding river, S.E. of Nichol Bay, F. Gregory’s Erpedition.—
F. Mueller is disposed to consider this as a variety of A. Zubulosum, but the shape of the
petals and their pubescent base are more those of 4. leucopetatum, aud the calyx is different
from both. Further and more complete specimens may, however, considerably modify the

circumscription of A, ¢ubulosum, amplum, leucopetalum, aud Mitchelli, which are all nearly
allied to each other.

3. A. leucopetalum, F. Muell. Herb. A tall shrub, clothed with 3
soft velvety tomentum like Æ. éudulosum, but intermixed with long spreading

Abutilon] i XXI. MALVACEÆ. e 201

hairs on the branches, and paler on the under side of the leaves. Leaves
deeply cordate, from orbicular to nearly lanceolate, often shortly acuminate,
irregularly crenate or almost lobed, mostly shorter than in Æ. tubulosum.
Flowers large and white, ou short pedicels. Calyx broadly tubular-campanu-
late, 3 to $ in. long, 10-ribbed, scarcely acuminate in the bud, the lobes ob-
tuse or shortly acuminate, shorter than the tube. Petals more than twice as
long as tlie calyx, adnate only to the pubescent base of the staminal tube.
Capsule as in 4. ¢ubulosum, but fully as long as the ealyx-tube.—Sida leuco-
petala, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 12.
N. Australia. Hooker’s Creek and Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Barrier range, Victorian Expedition.
S. Australia. Cooper's Creek, Herb. Mueller.

4. A. Mitchelli, Benih. Apparently shrubby, clothed with a dense,
soft, velvety tomentum mixed with long spreading hairs. Leaves deeply cor-
date, orbicular or broadly ovate, often shortly acuminate, 13. to 23 in. long,
crenate, very soft and thick. Pedicels shorter than the petioles. Calyx cam-
panulate, 10-ribbed and somewhat 5-angled, 4 to 5 lines long, the acuminate
spreading lobes shorter tlian the tube. Petals (yellow ?) shortly exceeding
the calyx, pubescent at the base. Ovary-cells and style-branches about 10.
Fruit not seen.

3 Queensland. Gullies in the ranges on the Maranoa, Mitchell. The plant has at first
sight the aspect of 4. muticum, but the calyx aud ovary are quite different. :

Var. (P) mollissima. 'Tomentum very dense and soft, but without the long hairs of the
other specimens. Stony Ridge, Mitched?. :

Abutilea cryptantha, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 379, from a specimen without flower
from Cudnaka, S, Australia, F. Mue//er in Herb. Sonder, aud from the description given,
appears to be a form of 4. Mitchelli, with semiabortive petals.

5. A. micropetalum, Benth. Shrubby, very densely and softly to-
mentose or velvety. Leaves deeply cordate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, cre-
nate. Pedicels short, in the upper axils. Calyx loosely campanulate, almost
inflated, very shortly sinuate-toothed or almost truncate, 4 to 5 lines long: to-
mentose, slightly 5-angled and 10-ribbed. Petals, in some flowers at least,
very small. Stamens very numerous, the slender column much longer than
the calyx. Capsule as long as the calyx, truncate at the top; carpels about
10 to 12, persistent, angular, or scarcely pointed at the upper outer edge.—
Sida micropetala, R. Br. Herb.

Queensland. Hills about Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown.
N.S. Wales. Bowen river, Herb. Mueller (Herb. R. Br. and F. Muell.).

6. A. cryptopetalum, F. Muell. Herb. Shrubby, but much more
sleuder than the preceding species, clothed with a whitish tomentum, often
intermixed on the young branches with a loose pubescence, the older branches
nearly glabrous. ‘Leaves cordate, from orbicular to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
crenate, ofien under 1 in., the larger ones above 2 in. long, sometimes ob-
Scurely lobed, soft with a rather dense velvety tomentum. Pedicels rarely
exceeding the leaves and sometimes very short. Calyx about 4 to 6 lines
ong, somewhat inflated, softly canescent with 10 prominent veins or ribs, the

much shorter than the tube. Petals often very small, but sometimes
shortly exceeding the calyx. Capsule pubescent, about the length of the

202 XXI. MALVACE, [ Abutilon.

calyx-tube. Carpels about 10, angular or shortly acuminate on the outer
edge. Seeds 3 or fewer.—Sida cryptopetala, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 11.

N. S. Wales. Mount Murchison, Herb. Mueller.
WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; near White Peak, Champion Bay, Oldfield.

7. A. geranioides, Benth. A shrub, with slender branches like 4.
eryptopetalum, hoary with a close rather soft tomentum, without spreading
hairs. Leaves deeply cordate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 iu.
long, deeply 5-lobed with the middle lobe much longer, all deeply crenate or
lobed, and often crisped. Pedicels axillary, 4 to 1 in. long. Calyx ovoid,
inflated, above 4 in. long, softly hoary, with 10 prominent veins or ribs, almost
truncate with very short obtuse lobes. Petals nearly twice as long as the
calyx. Fruit not seen.— Sida geranioides, DC. Prod. i. 474.

WV. Australia. Sterile islands, Baudin's Expedition.

8. A. otocarpum, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1855, 13, and in
Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 10. A tall shrub, densely clothed with a soft velvety
tomeutum, the branches and petioles almost villous. Leaves deeply cordate,
orbicular or broadly ovate, mostly 14 to 23 in. long, rarely acuminate, crenate,
very soft and thick. Pedicels much shorter than the leaves, often crowded at
the ends of the branches. Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, very prominently 5-angled,
deeply divided into very concave, almost boat-shaped, strongly keeled, acumi-
nate lobes, making the calyx intruded at the base. Petals slightly exceeding
the calyx. Capsule villous, shorter than the calyx-lobes, narrowed at the
top, depressed in the centre; carpels about 10, rather obtuse or scarcely
pointed on the upper outer edge. Seeds 3 or fewer.

N. Australia. In the desert on Sturt’s Creek, and on Gilbert river, F. Mueller ;
Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

Queensland. Stokes range, Wheeler.

N.S. Wales. Mount Murchison, Dallachy and Godwin; Barrier range, Mount
Goningbear, ete., Victorian Expedition. In these specimens the tomentum is closer, the
flowers rather smaller, and the capsule closely tomentose, with the carpels more acute than
in the Western ones, but they have the same remarkable calyx.

9. A. subviscosum, Benth. Apparently shrubby, with much of the
aspect of 4. indicum, but the branches, petioles, and pedicels greener an
clothed with a viscid stellate pubescence intermixed with longer hairs. Leaves
broad, deeply cordate, abruptly acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, irregularly toothed,
softly but sparingly pubescent above, tomentose and whitish underneath.
Pedicels short. Calyx with slightly prominent angles, pubescent, deeply di-
vided into acuminate lobes about 4 in. long. Petals exceeding the calyx, but
imperfect in our specimens. Capsule shorter than the calyx-lobes, consisting
of about 5 erect carpels, acuminate with rather long points,

Queensland? Subtropical regions of the interior, Mi/cAe/l.

There are in Herb. Muell. two shrubby 45/i/a, allied to A. indicum, which it is difficult
to refer to any of the above species, but of which the Specimens are insufficient to characterize —
as distinct. With the foliage of A. indicum, they are said to be shrubby ; in one, the tomen-
tum is close and white without spreading hairs as in 4. indicum, the other, with the same
tomentum, has also long spreading hairs as in A. graveoleus and A. subviscosum.
flowers and fruit in both are very near those of 4. indicum, but smalier, and the carpe

» 3

fewer (about 10) and less hirsute. They are both from Victoria river.
10. A. indicum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 504. A tall biennial or peren-

Abutilon. | XXI. MALVACES. 203

nial, clothed with a whitish tomentum, usually very close and short. Leaves
cordate-orbicular, irregularly erenate, toothed or almost lobed, usually acumi-
nate, attaining Sometimes 5 to 6 in., the upper ones much smaller. Pe-
dicels shorter than the leaves. Calyx campanulate, 5 to 6 lines long, an-
gular in the bud, the ribs scarcely prominent when in flower, deeply divided
into acuminate lobes. Petals yellow, longer than the calyx. Capsule hairy,
exceeding the calyx, truncate, and attaining sometimes 7 or 8 lines diameter
at the top; carpels about 20, acute-angled or minutely acuminate at their
upper outer edge, like all the preceding species not readily separating at ma-
turity. Seeds 3 or fewer in each curpel.—Sida indica, Linn.; DC, Prod. i.
471; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 12; Sida asiatica, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 470; Abutilon
asiaticum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 503.

N. Australia. Point Cunningham and Cygnet Bay, 4. Cunningham; Gulf of Car-
pentaria, Landsborough.

Queensland. Keppel Bay and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Perey Island, 4. Cun-
mngham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.,

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

ll. A. auritum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 500. A tall herb or perhaps
undershrub, softly clothed with a soft tomentum. Stipules broad, semi-
sagittate, often 4 to 6 lines long, and persistent. Leaves deeply cordate, acu-
minate, dentieulate, 2 to 4 in. long, softly pubescent-tomentose above, white
underneath, Flowers rather small, of a brown-reddish yellow, on very short
preh, in almost leafless, terminal, branching racemes or panicles, with a

road, whitish, deciduous, stipular bract under each pedicel. „Calyx ob-
tusely 5-angled, softly tomentose, deeply divided into broad acuminate lobes.
Petals not twice as long. Stamens not very numerous. Capsule longer than
the calyx, hirsute, truncate ; carpels numerous, with short divaricate points.
—Sida aurita, Wall. ; DC. Prod. i. 468; Bot. Mag. t. 2495.

N. Australia. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Percy Island, A. Cunningham.

The species is also found in Java and in the Philippine Islands.

12. A. Avicennee, Gerin. Carp. ii. 251, t. 195. A coarse, erect,
branching annual, from 1 to 2 ft. high, softly and more or less densely to-
Mentose-pubescent, without spreading hairs. Leaves broadly orbicular-cor-
date, acuminate, often 3 to 4 in. long, nearly entire or toothed, or obscurely
lobed. Flowers yellow, rather small, on pedicels usually short. Calyx about
3 lines long, somewhat longer when in fruit, rather prominently 5-ribbed,
deeply lobed. Petals exceeding the calyx. Capsule exceeding the calyx,
pubescent or hirsute, truncate, and often $ in. diameter at the top; carpels
usually 10 to 15, with subulate diverging points, persistent till after the seeds
ore fallen, and then leaving at least the filiform placentas attached to the
axis.— Sida Abutilon, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 470; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 164;
Abutilon Behrianum, F. Muell. in "Trans, Phil. Soe. Vict. 1855, 13, and in
Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 10.

N. S. Wales. On the Darling and many of its tributaries, F. Mueller.

Victoria, Dry beds of lagoons adjoining the Murray, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Cooper’s Creek, Wright, i SE GA

A native of the Mediterranean region and of the neighbouring districts of Asia, also per-

D3 of northern China and Amur-land, where it is said to be cultivated for textile purposes.

has also naturalized itself as a weed over many parts of Asia, Africa and N. America, and

D

204 XXI. MALVACE. [ dbutilon.

includes 4. californicum, Benth., and Sida tiliefolia, Fisch. The Australian piant is be-
lieved to be indigenous.

13. A. graveolens, W. and Arn. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. i. 56. A
coarse annual or perhaps perennial, from 1 to 5 ft. high, clothed with a viscid
strong-scented tomentum, intermixed, especially on the branches and petioles,
with long spreading hairs. Leaver broadly orbicular-cordate, resembling
those of 4. Avicenna, but softer. Flowers yellow, rather large, on pedicels
about as long as the petioles. Calyx about 5 lines long, deeply divided into
acuminate lobes, each with a prominent midrib. Petals twice as long. Cap-
sule exceeding the calyx, 8 to 10 lines diameter, hirsute, contracted at the
top so as to approach in form that of 4. muticum, and the carpels are nu-
merous and closely packed as in that species, but angular or very shortly
pointed at the top and less deciduous, generally leaving the filiform placentas
attached to the axis, the species thus connecting the true dudila with the
section Gayoides.—Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. t. 2; Sida graveolens, Roxb. ;
DC. Prod. i. 473.

Queensland. Piper’s Island, off the N.E. coast, M'Gillivray.

The species is widely spread over East India aud tropical Africa. The petals have there
usually a dark spot at the base which does not appear in our Australian specimens.

14. A. oxycarpum, F. Muell. Herb. Herbaceous, diffuse or erect, at-
taining 2 or 3 ft., clothed with a close tomentum or soft velvety pubescence,
sometimes almost hirsute, the branches usually slender and divaricate. Leaves
from cordate-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, crenate, obtuse or acuminate, 1 to 3
in. long. Pedicels slender, often 2 together, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers small,
yellow. Calyx deeply cleft, about 2 lines long. Petals not twice as long.
Capsule closely tomentose or pubescent, about 4 lines long, truncate an
somewhat dilated at the top; carpels rarely above 10 and often much fewer,
with short divaricate points at the outer angle, not separating till the seeds
shed, and then leaving the filiform placentas attached to the axis. Seeds 2
or rarely 3.—Sida ozycarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 12.

N. Australia. Fitzroy and Mackenzie rivers, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Brisbane river, Fraser, F. Mueller; Rock-
hampton, Thozet. :

N. S. Wales. Portland Head and Richmond district, R. Brown; from Hastings
river, Beckler ; Clarence river, Wilcox ; to Illawara, Backhouse ; and in the interior to the
Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham; Macquarie river,
Mitchell ; Darling river, F. Mueller.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond.

There are two principal forms in our herbaria: 1, aeutatum, softly tomentose, pubescent
or almost hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acuminate; the most common
Brisbane and N. S. Wales form ; aud 2, incanum, tomentum close and white; leaves broadly
cordate-ovate, obtuse or acuminate ; chiefly within the tropics and in the west. Both are
readily recognized by the small calyx, usually not half so long as the capsule. `

Var. (f) malvefolium. Less tomentose, but hirsute with long spreading hairs. Leaves
cordate-ovate, very obtuse, erenate, and more or less distinetly 3-lobed. Sepals almost as
long as the carpels.—Mount Murchison in N. S. Wales, Dallachy. This may prove to bea
distinct species. :

15. A. muticum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 502. Tall and erect, with the
habit of 4. graveolens, with which it is often confounded, but differs in the
fruit. Tomentum dense and soft, but not usually mixed with spreading

Abutilon.] XXI. MALVACER. 205

hairs. Leaves cordate-orbicular, often acuminate and irregularly toothed, 2
to 3 in. diameter, thick and soft. Pedicels rarely exceeding the petioles.
Calyx 4 in. long, the lobes equal to or longer than the tube, the ribs not
very prominent. Petals not twice as long, often with a dark base as in
A. graveolens. Capsule longer than the calyx, depressed-globular with a
concave centre, 7 to 8 lines diameter, densely villous; carpels about 20,
closely packed, rounded or very obtuse at the top, and separating completely
without leaving the persistent placentze of 4. graveolens.—Sida mutica, Delil. ;
DC. Prod. i. 470.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Percy Island, 4. Cunningham ; Sources of the
Burdekin and on the Dawson, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

The specimens are not complete, but agree well with those from tropical Africa, where the
species is common, and generally referred to 4. asiaticum, but is not Sida asiatica of Lin-
heus. S. tomentosa, Roxb., appears to be an E. Indian form of the same species, with the
tomentum mixed with spreading hairs as in Æ. graveolens, from which it caunot always
be distinguished without good fruit. It is this form which is represented as Sida graveo-
lens, Bot. Mag. t. 4134.

16. A. Cunninghamii, Benth. Allied to 4. Fraseri, but apparently
shrubby, much branched, and densely clothed with soft, short, but velvety to-
mentum, without spreading hairs. Leaves cordate-orbieular, very obtuse,
crenate, 1 to 2 in. diameter, thick and soft. Flowers on rather long pedun-
Cles in the upper axils. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, densely tomentose, deeply

divided into broad acuminate lobes. Petals about 3 in.long. Carpels 10 or
fewer, distinct and seceding'completely from the axis, rounded at the top,
densely but closely tomentose, and not scarious.

N. Australia. Enderby Island, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Albert river, Henne.

Queensland. Estuary of the Burdekin, Herb. Mueller.

17. A. Fraseri, Hook. ; Walp. Ann. ii. 158. A low branching under-
shrub, rarely exceeding 1 ft., shortly tomentose or pubescent, with longer
airs occasionally intermixed. Leaves cordate, from orbicular to ovate, cre-
nate, often all under 1 in. diameter, but sometimes 1} in. Pedicels rarely
exceeding the petioles, Flowers rather large. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, to-
Mentose-pubescent and sometimes hirsute, divided to about the middle.
Petals more than twice as long. Fruit usually exceeding the calyx, slightly
tomentose or pubescent, 3 to 4 lines diameter, depressed in the centre; car-
pels 6 to 10, very distinct, and seceding completely from the axis, obtuse or
almost pointed at the top, not scarious. Seeds 1 or 2 in each earpel, glabrous
9r minutely pubescent.— Sida Fraseri, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 368.
N. Australi : í ition.
Queensland. rere ovs : Sutton river and Broad Sound, F. Mueller ;
Comet river, Leichhardt. $
[. S. Wales. Peel’s range, A. Cunningham ; Darling river, Dallachy and Goodwin ;
nya mountains, Victorian Expedition.

S. Australia. Subsaline barren plains and hills from Flinders range to Spencer’s Gulf,
F. Mueller,

. Australia. Murchison river ?, from a single specimen in leaf only, and therefore
doubtful, in Herd. Mueller. ; ;
. Var. parviflora, Leaves very obtuse, Flowers much smaller.—4. diplotrichum, F. Muell.

in Linnæa, xxv, 380,— S. Australia.
Var, halophilum. Leaves usually orbicular, very obtuse, often truncate or retuse, the

206 XXI. MALVACEA, ' [Abutilon.

carpels 5 or 6 lines long, and very broad and obtuse.—4. halophilum, F. Muell. iu Linnea,
xxv. 381.—N. S. Wales, S. Australia, and W. Australia ?

18. A. crispum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 502. A herb or undershrub,
with slender spreading branches, closely tomentose, often viscid, with long
spreading hairs intermixed. Leaves cordate, acuminate, crenate, softly to-
mentose, the upper ones on short petioles or quite sessile. Pedicels slender,
often exceeding the upper leaves. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx 2 or rarely
3 lines long, deeply divided into lanceolate or triangular acuminate lobes, re-
flexed under the fruit. Petals not much longer. Fruit nearly globular,
hispid with scattered hairs, 4, 5, or sometimes above 6 lines diameter; car-
pels about 10 to 15, distinctly separating from the axis, very thin, shining
inside and almost scarious when ripe, and almost always 1-seeded, although
the ovary has 2 or 3 ovules.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 126 ; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 68;
Sida crispa, Linn. ; DC, Prod. i. 469; Bastardia crispa, St. Hil. Fl. Bras.
Mer. i. 194.

N. Australia. Sources of Hooker’s Creek, and Macarthur river, F. Mueller; Mait-
land river, F. Gregorys Expedition.

The species is widely spread over tropical America, and is also found in East India and
tropical Africa.

7. URENA, Linn.

Bracteoles 5, united in a 5-cleft involuere, adnate to the calyx at the base.
Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing several filaments or
almost sessile anthers outside, below the truncate or 5-toothed summit.
Ovary-cells 5, 1-ovulate; style branches 10, with terminal capitate stigmas.
Fruit-carpels seceding from the axis, indehiscent, muricate or covered wit
hooked bristles. Seeds ascending.—Rigid tall herbs or shrubs, more or less
scabrous-tomentose. Leaves usually angled or lobed, at least the lower ones.
Flowers sessile or on very short peduncles, often clustered, axillary or in ter-
minal leafy racemes.

Besides the one or two species common in all tropical regions, the genus comprises two
or three tropical Asiatic ones which appear distinct. As a genus, Urena scarcely differs
from Pavonia.

1. U. lobata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 441, var. grandiflora. A hard, erect
herb or shrub of 2 to 4 ft., covered on the stems and under side of the leaves
with a whitish close often scabrous tomentum. Leaves petiolate, the lower
ones nearly orbicular, the upper ones ovate or lanceolate, palmately 3- to da
veined, irregularly toothed, angular, or broadly and shortly lobed, glabrous
above or slightly scabrous-tomentose. Flowers sessile or nearly so. Involucre
deeply cleft into narrow-lanceolate lobes, in the single Australian specimen
nearly $ in. long, and fully twice as long as the calyx, but often not longer
than the calyx or shorter. Petals pink, about 1 in. long in this specimen,
but often much smaller. Carpels in our specimen shortly muricate.—
Mag. t. 3043 (with short involueres).

Queensland. Sutton and Burdekin rivers, Leichhardt.

_ The species is widely spread over tropical America, Africa, and Asia, and is very variable
in the shape of the leaf and proportions of the involuere, calyx, and petals, as well as in the

carpels, more or less glochidiate or muricate; and most probably the U. sinuata, Linn»
almost equally common, is only a variety with deeply-cut leaves.

XXI. MALVACEA, 207

8. PAVONTA, Cav.
(Greevesia, F. Muell.)

Bracteoles 5 or more, free or united at the base. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-
lobed. Staminal column bearing several filaments on the outside, below the
truncate or 5-toothed summit. Ovary-cells 5, 1-ovulate; style-branches 10,
with terminal capitate stigmas. Fruit-carpels seceding from the axis, inde-
hiscent or 2-valved at the top, with or without 1 or 3 awns or points, but not
covered by the hooked bristles of Urena. Seeds ascending.— Herbs or shrubs,
tomentose, hirsute, or glabrous. Leaves often angled or lobed. Flowers on
axillary pedicels or in terminal heads or clusters.

A large genus, chiefly South American, with a few species scattered over the warmer re-

gions*of the Old World. The Australian species is the same as one of the South American
ones,

1. P. hastata, Cav. Diss. 138, t. 41, f. 3. A low spreading shrub, more
or less hoary, with a minute close stellate tomentum. Stipules subulate.
ves petiolate, from ovate-cordate to oblong-hastate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in.
ong, coarsely crenate, scabrous above, hoary-tomentose underneath; when
hastate, the lateral lobes short and obtuse. Pedicels usually shorter than the
leaves. Bracteoles 5, ovate, herbaceous, nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx
tomentose, 2 to 3 lines long, divided to the middle into 5 ovate lobes. Petals
in the perfect flowers twice as long as the calyx, of a reddish-purple with a
rk centre, but in other flowers, equally fertile, they are very small and closed
over the stamens, which are then reduced to 5, whilst they are much more
numerous in the perfect flowers. Carpels obovoid, indehiscent, usually pu-
bescent, strongly reticulate and with a slightly raised dorsal rib.— DC. Prod.
1. 443 ; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 227; Greevesia cleisocalyz, F. Muell. in Kew
Journ. viii. § (founded on clandestine-flowered specimens).

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Brisbane river, Hill; Expedition Range,
Leichhardt. z :

N. S. Wales. Nepean, Hawkesbury and Patterson rivers, R. Brown ; _Hunter’s river,
U. S. Exploring Expedition ; Liverpool Plains, 4. Cunningham ; Clarence river, Beckler.

Also a native of Montevideo in South America, where, as well as in Australia, it produces
both kinds of flowers, although the clandestine ones appear never to have been observed
until pointed out by F. Mueller.

9. HIBISCUS, Linn.
(Abelmoschus, Medik. ; Paritium, 4. St. Hil.)

Bracteoles several, rarely reduced to 5 or fewer, usually narrow, free or more
or less united, sometimes vety small. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Staminal
column bearing usually numerous filaments on the outside below the
truncate or 5-toothed summit. Ovary 5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in

each cell; style-branches 5, spreading, or rarely erect and subconnate or ex-

ingly short, with terminal dilated or capitate stigmas. Capsule mem-
Tanous or coriaceous, loculicidally 5-valved, the endocarp not usually sepa-
Tating, and rarely produced into spurious dissepiments apparently doubling
number of cells. Seeds reniform or nearly globular, glabrous pubescent

or woolly.— Herbs, shrubs, or trees, hispid tomentose or glabrous, the hairs
almost always stellate. Leaves various, often deeply divided. Stipules in
the Australian species subulate or small and deciduous, except in H. tiliaceus.

208 XXI. MALVACER. [ Hibiscus.

Flowers usually large, the petals almost always marked with a deeper Ge
at the base. Filaments usually short and numerous, crowded along t
greater part of the elongated staminal column, rarely elongated, fewer is
placed close round the top of the short column. ` Bracteoles usually legen ;
but in a few species so deciduous as only to be seen on the very young buds.

A very large genus, widely dispersed over the tropical regions of the globe, a few pero
ing into more temperate climates both in the northern and southern hemispheres. d
Australian species four are generally distributed over E. India and Africa ; of three o as
belonging to the section Ade/moschus, one is found in the Indian Peninsula, another is z
tivated, if not wild, in the Indian Archipelago, the third is nearly allied to a corresponding
E. Indian species, but in some respects distinct, an eighth species, of the section Paritium, ,
is a common maritime tropical tree; the remaining 18 are all endemic.

8 1. Bracteoles free (sometimes very deciduous). Calyx 5-toothed, splitting open on
one side and deciduous. Tall annuals. (Abelmoschus, Medik.)
Glabrous or the inflorescence tomentose. Bracteoles small, falling

off from the young bud. Flowers white . . . . . . . 1. H. ficulneus.
Hispid. Bracteoles 8- to 12, linear, persistent. Flowers red . 2. H. rhodopetalus.
Glabrous or slightly setose. Bracteoles 5, broad-lanceolate, per-

sistent . . TS EE M NDS NE 3. H. Manihot.
§ 2. Bracteoles free. Calyx shortly 5-lobed, inflated. Herb ;
with deeply lobed leaves. (Trionum, Medik) . . . . . . 4. H. trionum.

§ 3. Bracteoles free. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes 1- or 3-nerved, without thickened
margins. Seeds bordered or covered by long woolly hairs. Low or slender shrubs or un-
dershrubs. (Bombicella, DC.) : Kee
Staminal tube short with long filaments round the summit . . 5. M. brachysiphonius.
Staminal tube slender, the short filaments extending to the middle i

or lower. d

Plant loosely seabrous-hispid. Leaves deeply divided . . . 6, H. Drummondit.

Plant densely and rigidly velvety-tomentose. Leaves ovate or

lanceolate, mostly undivided. Bracteoles small . . . . 7. M. microchlenus.
Plant closely and densely tomentose. Leaves orbicular, mostly SET
broadly 3-lobed . . . . . e. 7. . B8. H. Pinomanus.

§ 4. Bracteoles free. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes with a central nerve and thickened
nerve-like margins. Seeds glabrous. Tall herbs or shrubs, often more or less armed wi
short prickles (except the last two species).

Herb, glabrous or with scattered hairs. Calyx ribs ciliate.

Ploneis MONE AE NN S. EE AE
Tall shrubs, glabrous or with scattered hairs.

Flowers axillary, without bracts under the pedicels. - :
Flowers yellow. Calyx ciliate or setose. . . . . . . 10. H. divaricatus.
Flowers white. Calyx densely tomentose . . . . . . 11. H. heterophyllus.

Flowers in a terminal raceme, with a trifid bract under each m

pedicel. Calyx densely hirsute. . . . . . . . . 19. H. diversifolius.
Tall shrub, densely velvety-tomentose or villous. Flowers large,
pink. Calyx densely hirsute 2. . . . . . . . . . 18. H, splendens.
Tomentose or densely villous shrubs, without” prickles. Calyx
tomentose or villous.
Flowers 1} to 2 in. long

+ . 9. H. radiatus.

l Vo eus ioo vi ice, o 1s. ZH. ponatur,
Flowers about Ẹ in. long . . . . singe . 15. H. Coatesii.

§ 5. Bracteoles free. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes l- or 3-nerved, without thickened
margins. Seeds glabrous or shortly pubescent.

Low or slender shrubs or undershrubs, glabrous, seabrous-pubes-
cent or bristly hispid.
Leaves undivided.
Seabrous-pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong . . 16. H. leptocladus.

Hibiscus.) XXI. MALVACEE, __ 209

Glandular viscid and rigidly setose. Leaves broad-cordate
ie ee EES L SE ape) EN
Leaves deeply divided.
Glabrous or nearly so. Calyx $ in. long. Capsule hispid . 18. H. pentaphyllus.
Hirsute and densely setose. Calyx not } in. Capsule gla-

ee XL fe a . 19. H. geranioides.
e Er ae shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves shortly
obed.
Bracteoles several, subulate . . . . . 23. H. Krichauffianus.

(See also 8, H. Pinonianus, and 7, H. microchlenus.) :
Bracteoles 5, broadly ovate: ...... » » 2%. H. Normani.
Tall shrub, scabrous, tomentose or hirsute. Leaves deeply divided 25. H. Huegelii.
Tall coarse herbs or shrubs, densely tomentose and often setose. SE
Bracteoles small, subulate, Capsule very prominently angled. 20. H. vitifolius. —
Bracteoles dilated above the middle. Capsule not angled . » 21. H. panduriformis.

8 6. Bracteoles united at least at the base. Calyx 5-lobed.
Tomentose shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves crenate or broadly and
shortly lobed.
Involucral teeth or lobes short or broad. Filaments long and S
few. Calyx lobes obscurely nerved . . . . . . . . 24. H. Sturtii.
Involneral bracts united at the base only. Filaments short and
| numerous. Calyx lobes 1-nerved, with thickened margins . 14. H. zonatus,
i Tall shrub, glabrous, scabrous or tomentose-hirsute. ^ Leaves =
| OY MN V. ul Til. Feil . 25. H. Huegelii.
rous tree. Leaves broad-cordate, entire. . . . . . . 26. H. tiliaceus.

| l. H. ficulneus, Li»».; DC. Prod. i. 448. An erect annual of several
| feet, glabrous except a few scattered hairs on the leaves, and a velvety pubes-
| cence on the racemes and calyces. Leaves orbicular, 2 to 3 in. diameter, the
lower ones with 5 or 7 short broad lobes, the upper ones more deeply divided,
with obovate or oblong lobes, all usually crenate. Flowers white, turning at
| length reddish, on short pedicels, in a terminal leafless raceme. Bracteoles
| few, small and so deciduous as only to be seen on the very young buds.
| Calyx about 4 in. long, shortly 5-toothed, splitting laterally and deciduous,
| etals 1 in. or rather more, glabrous. Capsule ovoid-oblong, acute, 5-angled,
~ pubescent. Seeds hairy.— Abelmoschus ficulneus, W. et Arn. Prod. i. 53;
| Wight, Ic. t. 154; 4. alborubens, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 67.
| N. Australia. In basaltic tropical and subtropical plains, F. Mueller.
d. Fitzroy plains, r. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet. :
The species is common in some parts of the E. Indian peninsula, and includes H. strictus,
Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 206, and probably also H. prostratus, Roxb. l.c. 208. The plant figured
by Reichenbach, Icon. Exot. t. 161, with persistent broad bracts, is a different species.

2. H. rhodopetalus, F. Muell. Herb. An erect or decumbent coarse
annual, of 13 to 3 ft., more or less hirsute with long bristly hairs. Leaves
(except the lowest) more or less deeply 5-lobed, the lobes of the lower ones
short and broad, of the upper ones óblong or lanceolate, often 2 to 3 in. long,
more or less toothed, the lowest leaves often entire and cordate, and the
"Ppermost lanceolate-hastate. Flowers large, red, on axillary pedicels longer

the petioles. Bracteoles 8 to 12, linear, distinct, persistent, usually
Shorter than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, 6 to 7 lines long, minutely 5-
toothed, splitting laterally and deciduous. Petals 1} to above 2 in. long.

VOL. I.

P

210 XXI. MALVACEJE. [ Hibiscus.

Capsule oblong-ovoid, acute, 5-angled, longer than the bractcoles, very hispid.

— Abelmoschus rhodopetalus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 112.
N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, R. Brown ; Port Molle, M‘Gillivray (with very nar-

row leaf-lobes). d
Queensland. Woody streams, Point Pearce and Brisbane river, F. Mueller. : i
This species is very nearly allied to the common East Indian H. Abelmoschus, Linn., dif-.

fering chiefly, as observed by F. Mueller, in the colour of the flowers, red not yellow, and in
smaller, more divided leaves.

3. H. Manihot, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 448. A tall herb, sprinkled with
a few pungent bristly hairs, more copious on the peduncles, otherwise
glabrous. Leaves deeply palmate; lobes 5 to 9, lanceolate, the larger
ones narrow, 4 to 5 in. long, more or less toothed. Flowers large, yellow
with a purple eye, on rather long pedicels in the axils of the upper reduced
leaves. Bracteoles 5, herbaceous, broadly lanceolate, fully 1 in. long, roughly
pubescent, persistent long after the flower has fallen. Calyx shorter than the
bracteoles, shortly 5-toothed, tomentose, deciduous. Petals fully 25 in. long.
Capsule oblong, 14 to 2 in. long, 5-angled, hispid especially on the angles
with stiff bristly hairs.—Bot. Mag. t. 3152; Abelmoschus Manihot, Walp.
Rep. i. 311; Hibiscus pentaphyllus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 212.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown. The species is frequently cultivated in

eastern tropical Asia, and in the islands of the Archipelago and the Pacific, but we have no
certain record of it in a wild state.

4. Hi. trionum, Linn.; DC. Prod.i. 453. An erect annual or peren-
nial of short duration, usually 1 to 2 ft. high, scabrous-pubescent or shortly
hirsute. Leaves 2 to 3 in. long, deeply 3- or 5-lobed with oblong or lan-
ceolate irregularly-toothed lobes. Flowers rather large, pale-yellow with &
dark purple: centre, on axillary pedicels. Bracteoles 7 to 12, linear-setaceous.
Calyx about + in. long when in flower, twice that size in fruit, inflated,
membranous with about 20 raised veins, glabrous or slightly hirsute, Very
shortly 5-lobed. Capsule ovoid-globose, hirsute, enclosed in the calyx. Seeds.
glabrous.—Reiehb. Fl. Germ. v. 181; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 115; H. Rich-
ardsoui, Sweet; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 875 ; H. trionioides, G. Don, Gen. Syst-
i. 483; H. tridactylites, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 85.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

land. Between the Burnett and Dawson rivers, F. Mueller. k

N. S. Wales. Hunter’s and Nepean rivers, R. Brown ; Clarence and Hastings rivers,
Beckler ; Darling river, Dallachy and G J

S. Australia.

: Cooper’s Creek, Herb. F. Mueller.
Common throughout Africa and southern Asia, extending northwards to China and the
Amur. Found also in New Zealand.

5. H. brachysiphonius, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 67 and 243. A low
perennial or undershrub, with erect or decumbent stems, rarely above 1 ft.
long, slightly hirsute with short stiff stellate hairs. Lower leaves small, or-
bicular, undivided, erenate; upper ones divided into 3 obovate or oblong-
cuneate coarsely crenate or lobed segments or deep lobes, mostly 1 to 1} m.
long. Flowers rather small, pink, on axillary or terminal pedicels, some-
times very long. Bracteoles about 10, rather rigid, linear, shorter than the
ealyx. Calyx ciliate with a few stiff hairs, deeply divided into lanceolate F
nerved lobes, not thickened at the margin.. Petals about 4 in. long. Sta-

H. solanifolius, P. Muell. Fragm. ii. 116.

Hibiscus. | XXI. MALVACEÆ. .211

minal column short, bearing round the summit about 20 filaments much

longer than in most species, Style-branches long, with large capitate stigmas.

Capsule nearly globular, glabrous, 4 to 6 lines diameter. Seeds 4 to 6 in

each cell, tomentose-villous.

Sper Mooni river, Mitchell; Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Comet river, Leich-
rdt.

. N. S. Wales. Macquarie river, Mitchell; on the Murray, F. Mueller; Darling *

river, Dallachy and Goodwin ; Goyinga mountains, Victorian Erpedition.

6. H. Drummondii, Tue, in Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 195. A slender
branching shrub or undershrub, scabrous or hispid with short rigid stellate
hairs. Leaves mostly divided into 3, rarely 5, cuneate, oblong-linear or
rarely obovate segments, coarsely toothed or lobed, and usually hispid nnder-
neath, rarely much exceeding 1 in., the lower leaves smaller, broader, and
more entire. Flowers few in the upper axils, rather large, purple with a dark
centre. Bracteoles 8 to 10, linear, hispid, often as long as the calyx. Calyx
1 to 1 in. long, very hirsute, deeply divided into lanceolate, acuminate, 3-
nerved lobes, the lateral nerves not marginal. Capsule ovoid, acute, hispid.
Seeds numerous, ciliate or covered with long woolly hairs whea quite ripe.—
H. Elliottii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 220.

w. Australia, Drummond, n.90; between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond,
5th Coll. n. 101 ; Murchison and Greenough rivers, Walcott and Oldfield.

ch E microchlemnus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 116 (under H. solanifo-
lius). Apparently shrubby, densely clothed with a scabrous, rigid-velvety, or
softer and almost floccose stellate tomentum. Leaves on rather short petioles,
from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 1} in. long, obtuse, slightly toothed,
thickly and rigidly tomentose. Flowers apparently pink or purple, on pedi-
cels rather longer than the petioles. Bracteoles 7 to 9, sometimes very mi-
nute, sometimes half as long as the calyx. Calyx } in. or rather more,
densely scabrous-tomentose, deeply divided into lanceolate l-nerved lobes.
Petals 1 to 13 in. long, more or less stellate-tomentose outside where ex-
posed in the bud. Capsule globular, glabrous or slightly hairy. Seeds more
Or less bordered or covered with long woolly hairs.—H. drachychlenus, F.
Muell. Fragm. iii. 5.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Maitland river, Nichol Bay, Wal-
cott ; Fortescue river, M. Brown. :

8. H. Pinonianus, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 476, t. 100. Shrubby,
clothed with a close, short, soft, or scarcely scabrous tomentum. Leaves on
rather long petioles, mostly nearly orbicular, } to above 1 in. long and broad,
shortly and broadly 3-lobed, crenately toothed, undulate and often crisped on

margin, strongly reticulate underneath, the lower ones almost entire.
"lowers rather large, on short pedicels in the upper axils. Bracteoles 5 to 10,
hear, short. Calyx 6 to 8 lines long, tomentose, deeply divided into lanceo-
ate 3- or 5-nerved lobes. Petals 12 to near 2 in. long, softly tomentose out-
Side where exposed in the bud. Style-branches filiform, with large, often pe-
nicillate stigmas, connivent at first, then spreading, and often closing again
when withering, so as to give the style a simple clavate appearance. Capsule
entose outside, glabrous inside. ' Seeds covered with long woolly hairs.—

P2

a

212 XXI. MALVACER. [ Hibiseus.

N. Australia. Mount Denison, M‘Douall Stuart. : E

W. Australia. Sharks Bay, Gaudichaud; between Moore and Murchison rivers,
Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 104. The flowers in Gaudichaud’s specimens are larger than in the
others. .

9. H. radiatus, Cav. Diss. 150, t. 54, f. 9. An erect annual (or
rarely perhaps perennial) of 2 to 3 ft., glabrous or hispid in the lower part
with a few rigid hairs, and often bearing also small conical prickles. Lower
leaves broad and shortly lobed, upper ones deeply 3- to 5-lobed or the up-
permost undivided, the lobes narrow, toothed and unequal, the central one
often 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers white or pink with a dark centre, on axillary
pedicels usually very short, rarely attaining 1 in. Bracteoles about 10, nar-
row-linear, often spreading or reflexed, and ciliate with a few rigid hairs.
Calyx about $ in. long, deeply divided into lanceolate acuminate lobes, of a

' thin texture, but marked with a prominent midrib and thickened marginal

nerves, more or less rigidly ciliate. Petals 1 to 14 in. long. Capsule glo-
bose, glabrous in the Australian specimens, Seeds few, glabrous. —DC. Prod.
i. 449; Bot. Mag. t. 1911; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 117.

N. Australia. Aruhem’s Land, islands of Carpentaria Bay, etc., R. Brown; Victoria
and Fitzmaurice rivers, Macadam range, etc., F. Mueller.

Queensland. Percy Islands and other points of the N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Palm
Tslands and Curtis Island, Henne.

The species extends over F. India and tropical Africa, but the extra-Australian specimens
I have seen have always hirsute and less obtuse capsules. H. Lind/eyi, Wall. Pl. As. Rar.
i. 4, t. 4, is probably a purple-flowered variety. H. cannabinus, Linn., cultivated in Asia
and Africa for its fibre, differs from H. radiatus only in the glands on the calyx.

10. H. divaricatus, Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. Jul.-Oct. 1830. A
tall, erect, glabrous shrub, with the foliage of some varieties of H. hetero-
phyllus and the flowers of H. radiatus, the branches often beset with small
conical prickles. Leaves on short petioles, entire or deeply 3-lobed, from
round-cordate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, often fully 4 in. long, more or
less toothed. Flowers large, yellow with a crimson eye, on short pedicels "
the axils of the upper reduced leaves. Bracteoles 10 to 12, linear, Dër,
ciliate. Calyx deeply divided into lanceolate lobes, with prominent midribs
and margins as in H. radiatus, rigidly ciliate or rarely minutely tomentose.
Petals 2 to 24 in. long. Capsule ovoid-globose, densely silky-hairy.—4bel-
vig divaricatus, Walp. Rep. i. 309; Hibiscus magnificus, F. Muell. Fragm.
ii. g

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; Neweastle
range, Mackenzie and Dawson rivers, F. Mueller.

One of F. Mueller's specimens, with the calyx not ciliate but minutely tomentose, seems
to connect this species with some forms of ZI, heterophyllus.

1l. H. heterophyllus, Vent. Hort. Malm. t. 103. A tall shrub, gla-
brous, except a stellate tomentum on the inflorescence and very young shoots,
the branches often bearing small conical prickles. Leaves entire or deeply

3-lobed, linear, lanceolate or elliptical-oblong, often 5 to 6 in. long, usually |

serrulate or crenulate, in some specimens white underneath. Flowers large
white with a purple centre, on short en in the upper axils. Bracteoles
about 10, linear, rigid, not ciliate.

alyx often above 1 in. long, deeply di-
vided into lanceolate lobes, densely covered with a stellate tomentum often

Hibiscus. | XXI. MALVACEX. 213

concealing the venation, which, as in H. radiatus, consists of a midrib and
the thickened margins of each lobe. Petals nearly 3 in. long. Capsule
ovoid-globular, acute, densely setose or silky-hairy. Seeds glabrous.—Bot.

` Reg. t. 29; DC. Prod. i. 450; H. grandiflorus, Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 22.

Queensland. Broad Sound, Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Percy Isle and Port Curtis,
ny ; Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, etc. ; Rockhampton,
ozet. ;
N. S. Wales. Macleay and Hastings river, Beckler ; Hawkesbury river, Paterson ;
Kiama, Harvey ; Port Stephens, Lady Parry ; Port Macquarie, Thozet.
_The northern specimens belong mostly to a broader-leaved form, distinguished by A. Cun-
ningham under the name of H. Margeria.

12. H. diversifolius, Jacg. ; DC. Prod. i. 449. A tall, rigid herb or
undershrub, sprinkled with a rigid pubescence, the branches and petioles
more or less beset with small conical prickles. Leaves broadly cordate or
nearly orbicular, irregularly toothed, angular or more or less 5-lobed. Flowers
In a terminal raceme, on very short pedicels in the axils of small lanceolate or
3-fid floral leaves, often reduced, especially the upper ones, to small linear
bracts. Bracteoles linear, and calyx with marginate lobes, as in H. ra-
diatus, but the lobes are narrower, and usually densely hispid with rigid
bristly hairs. Capsule acuminate, very hispid. Seeds ‘glabrous.—Bot. Reg.
t. 381; H. Beckleri, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 117.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet ?

N.S. Wales. Hunter's river, R. Brown ; Clarence river, in woods, Beckler ; along

the river, not common, Wilcox.
, The species is chiefly found in S. Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar, but is also common
In waste places in the Fiji and other S. Pacific islands. In E. India it appears to be in gar-
dens only. Thozet’s specimen is somewhat doubtful, it is mnch more hispid, but insufficient
for determination.

13. H. splendens, Fraser; Grah. im Edinb. Phil. Journ., Apr.—June,
1830. A tall shrub, of great beauty, attaining 12 to 20 ft., densely clothed
with a soft velvety tomentum, the branches and petioles armed with small
‘Scattered prickles or bristles. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate-cordate
Or palmately 3 or 5-lobed, often 6 or 7 in. long, the lobes oblong-acuminate
or lanceolate, often narrowed at the base. Stipules often 2 on each side.
Flowers very large, rose-coloured, on pedicels about as long as the petioles.
Bracteoles 10 to 15 or sometimes many more, linear-subulate, as long as the
calyx, densely hispid or softly villous. Calyx at least 1 in. long, densely to-
mentose or hispid, deeply divided into lanceolate lobes, with a dorsal and
marginal nerve, as in A. radiatus. Petals 3 in. long or more, glabrous.
Capsule silky-hairy. Seeds glabrous.—Bot. Mag. t. 3025; Bot. Reg. t.
1629 ; Abelmoschus splendens, Walp. Rep. i. 309. e

Queensland. Percy Island, N.E. coast, A. Cunningham; Rockhampton, Thozet ;
Moreton Bay, F. Mueller. à
N.S. Wales. Clarence and Hastings rivers, Fraser, Beckler.

14. H. zonatus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 221. A shrub with a scabrous
tomentum, sometimes short and close, sometimes dense and velvety, the rather
slender branches occasionally hirsute or bristly. Leaves from orbicular-cor-
date to ovate, the larger ones attaining 3 or 4 in., and shortly and broadly
3-, 5-, or 7-lobed, the upper ones entire or toothed and often narrow.

214 . XXI. MALVACEÆ. - (Hibiscus.

Flowers rather large, pink, on very short pedicels in the upper axils. Brac-
teoles narrow and rigid, rarely exceeding half the length of the calyx, free or
slightly united at the base. Calyx nearly $ in. long, densely tomentose,
deeply divided into lanceolate. lobes, prominently 1-nerved and with thickened
margins, as in the preceding species. Petals 13 to 2 in. long, nearly gla-
brous. Style-branches short, spreading. Capsule very hispid, nearly glo-
bular, shorter than the calyx. | Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; W. coast of the Gulf,
Leichhardt ; rocky banks of the Seven Emu, Macarthur and Nicholson rivers, F. Mueller.

15. H. Coatesii, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 5. A shrub, evidently very
nearly allied to H. zonatus, with the same shaped leaves and flowers, but much
more densely tomentose, hirsute with rather long rigid or woolly hairs, and
the flowers much smaller. Calyx about 4 in. long, very hirsute, the lobes
much narrower than in H. zonatus, the corolla apparently about ¢ in. long.

N. Australia. Hammersly range, near Nichol Bay, F. Gregorys Expedition. The
specimen is very incomplete. It may possibly prove to be a variety of H. zonatus (Herb.
F. Muell.) :

16. H.leptocladus, Benth. Apparently a low herb or undershrub,
with slender branches, rough with short rigid stellate hairs. Leaves on
rather long petioles, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 2 in. long,
irregularly toothed, narrowed or rounded at the base, roughly pubescent on
both sides with rigid stellate hairs. Flowers apparently pink, on rather long
pedicels in the upper axils. . Bracteoles about 7 to 9, linear-subulate, rarely
exceeding half the length of the calyx. Calyx about 4 in. long, pubescent or
hispid with stiff stellate hairs, deeply divided into lanceolate-acuminate, 1- or
8-nerved lobes, without thickened margins. Petals 1 to 14 in. long, gla-
brous. Capsule nearly globular. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, glabrous.

N. Australia. Islands of Carpentaria Bay, R. Brown ; Victoria river, Bynoe, F Mueller.

This species resembles in some respects H. microchlenus, but is much more slender and
less tomentose, and both petals and seeds appear to be quite glabrous.

17. H. setulosus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 221. A much-branched, viscid, -
strong-scented shrub of several feet, covered with resinous glands, the branches
very hispid with long spreading bristles. Leaves broadly cordate or orbi-
cular, mostly 1 to 14 in. long, toothed, more or less hirsute or pubescent
with scattered rigid stellate hairs. Flowers. rather large, pink with a dark
centre, on axillary pedicels about as long as the petioles. — Bracteoles linear,
rigid, about as long as the calyx. Calyx about 3 in. long, pubescent and
glandular like the leaves, deeply divided intg lanceolate 3-nerved lobes. Pe-
tals about 1} in. long. Staminal column conspicuously produced above the
filaments and 5-toothed. Capsule globular, hispid, shorter than the calyx.
Seeds glabrous or minutely scabrous.

N. Australia. Rocks on the Macarthur and Seven Emu rivers, Gùlf of Carpentaria,
F. Mueller. : :

18. H. pentaphyllus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 13. An erect or diffuse

annual of a few feet, glabrous except a few rigid hairs on the upper leaves
and inflorescence. Leaves divided into 5 or rarely 7 oblong or lanceolate

toothed segments, mostly 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers rather large, yellow with

Hibiscus.] XXI. MALVACEJ. 215

a brown centre, the pedicels in the upper axils longer than the petioles.
Bracteoles linear, rigid, fully as long as the calyx. Calyx $ to lim. long,
deeply divided into broadly lanceolate acuminate lobes, glabrous or slightly
ciliate, 1- or 3-nerved. Petals 1 to 1j in. long. Capsule globular, scarcely
acuminate, hirsute. Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Arnhem’s Land, F. Mueller ; gathered also in Leich-
hardt’s and M* Douall Stuart’s Expeditions.

19. H. geranioides, 4. Cunn. Herb. A low branching annual of 1 to
2 feet, densely hispid with long rigid stellate hairs or bristles. Leaves
deeply divided into 3 or 5 oblong-linear or cuneate segments, mostly about 1
in. long, lobed or coarsely toothed, the lobes or teeth obtuse, hispid on both
sides. Flowers small for the genus, on hispid pedicels often as long as the
leaves. Bracteoles 8 to 10, linear-subulate, hispid. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long,
hirsute, deeply divided into lanceolate-acuminate, 3-nerved lobes. Petals
about $ to 1 in. long, dark at the base. Filaments short, along the upper
part of the column. Stigmas capitate. Capsule small, globular, glabrous.
Seeds glabrous.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Vansittart’s Bay, N.W.
coast, 4. Cunningham.

20. H. vitifolius, Li»».; DC. Prod. i. 450. A coarse, erect, divari-
cately-branched herb of several feet, in India usually shortly tomentose, more
hispid in Africa, and in the Australian specimens still more beset with rigid
hairs. Leaves broadly cordate, 2 to 3 in. long and broad, usually broadly 3- or
5-lobed and toothed, very densely and softly villous-tomentose, Flowers
rather large, pale yellow with a purple centre, on short pedicels, the upper
Ones forming a short dense leafy raceme. SBracteoles 7 to 10, linear-subulate,
shorter than the calyx. Calyx deeply divided into broadly lanceolate lobes,
often enlarging after flowering. Capsule depressed globular, beaked in the
centre, 5 to 8 lines diameter, hirsute with scattered hairs, the 5 acute angles
Taised into wings and transversely veined. Seeds glabrous.—F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 114.

Queens ; Island, A. Cunningham ; Dawson river `
F. Mueller go uu as ue 2 fe northern brush, ‘Leichhardt. A very `
common species in E. India, extending into the warmer regions of Africa, and introduced
` into the W, Indies, readily known by its winged capsules.

21. H. panduriformis, Burm. Fl. Ind. 151, t. 47, Le 2. A tall, coarse
herb or shrub, densely covered with a tomentum, usually thick and velvety on
€ upper side of the leaves, closer and whiter on the under side and on the
petioles and branches, where it is often intermixed with long spreading bristly
stellate hairs. Leaves broad-cordate, 3 or 4 in. long and broad, or rarely nar-
Tow, usually 5-angled or broadly lobed and irregularly crenate. Flowers
yellow, on very short pedicels in the axils of the upper reduced leaves, the
side-branches often- assuming the appearance of several-flowered peduncles.
racteoles 6 to 8, linear or linear-spathulate, often as long as the calyx, more
erbaceous than in most species and always dilated above the middle. Calyx
to 9 lines long, densely tomentose-hirsute, the lobes lanceolate, 1-nerved.
Petals 1 to 2 in. long, densely hirsute where exposed in the bud. Capsule

216 XXI. MALVACEJR. Hibiscus.

ovoid-globular, very hispid. Seeds shortly pubescent or rarely glabrous.—
DC. Prod. i. 455 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 115; H. tubulosus, Cav. Diss. 161, t.
68, f. 2; DC. Prod. i. 447.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Maitland river, F. Gregory's Expedition ;
Albert river, Henne. The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa. Bur-
"€ figure represents a narrow-leaved form, not as yet found in Australia, and rare in

ndia.

22. H. Normani, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 4. An undershrub, with ap-
parently simple erect stems of about 1 ft., densely velvety-tomentose. Leaves
petiolate, from ovate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, obscurely
sinuate-toothed, tomentose on both sides, especially underneath. Peduncles
1} to 2 in. long. Involucre of 5 broadly-ovate or rhomboidal leafy brac-
teoles, nearly as long as the calyx, distinct or scarcely united at the base.
Calyx tomentose, about 4 in. long, deeply divided into ovate-lanceolate 3-
nerved lobes. Petals about twice as long or rather more, glabrous.

Queensland. Palm Island, Henne; Fitzroy Island, M‘Gillivray.

23. H. Krichauffianus, F. Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 7. An under-
shrub, with the habit and foliage of some varieties of H. Sturtii, but the
tomentum closer and whiter. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to
li in. long, irregularly and usually rather deeply crenate-toothed. Flowers
rather larger than in most forms of H. Sturtii. Bracteoles linear-subulate,
almost free, shorter than the calyx and sometimes very short. Calyx very
tomentose. Petals 1 to lj in. long. Seeds slightly pubescent.

N.S. Wales. Darling river, Victorian Expedition.

S. Australia. Lake Gregory, Bubbage’s Expedition ; Cooper's Creek, Victorian Er-
pedition ; towards Spencer’s Gulf, Warburton.

24. H. Sturtii, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 363. A rather rigid,
simple or branched undershrub, rarely exceeding 1 ft., clothed with a whitish
tomentum, either short and rather close, or dense and velvety or sometimes
almost floccose. Leaves broadly cordate or ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
mostly 1 to 13 in. long, obtuse, irregularly erenate-toothed, usually rather
thick and soft. Flowers few in the upper, axils rather small, white or pink.
Tnvolucre obconical or canipanulate, with 7 or 8 teeth or short lobes, very
variable in shape, but usually nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx very tomen-
tose, the lobes shorter or rarely longer than the cup, thick and soft, obscurely.
3-nerved. Petals varying from $ to fully 14 in. long. Staminal column
slender, with scattered filaments as in most species, but the filaments not so
numerous and longer than usual, showing an approach to those of H. brachy-
siphonius. Capsule globular, silky. Seeds glabrous or rarely woolly.—F.
Muell. Fragm. ii. 13. ae

N. Australia. N.W. coast, A. Cunningham; Victoria river, F. Mueller; N. of
M‘Donnell range, M‘Douall Stuart.

Queensland. Mackenzie, Burdekin, Suttor, and Dawson rivers, Peak Downs, ete.
F. Mueller ; Fitzroy Island, M‘Gillivray ; Maranoa and Belyando rivers, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. In marshes and meadows of the interior, Sturt, Fraser, Mitchell, ete-+
Clarence river, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart.

This very variable species, remarkable for its cup-shaped short-lobed involuere, presents
in our specimens the following principal forms :—

a. grandiflora. Ynvolucre shorter than the calyx, with triangular or lanceolate, somewhat

Hibiscus. | XXI. MALVACES. 217

acute, erect teeth. Petals above 1 in., and often 14 in. long—Mount Goningbear in
N. S. Wales.

` 6. Muelleri. Involucre of the preceding variety with the small flowers of the following
one.—Gathered by most collectors, as well as the following variety.

c. Sturtii. Involucre as long as the calyx, dilated, and spreading at the top, with short
broad rounded lobes. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, with rather short lobes. Petals rarely ex-
ceeding 1 in., and often much smaller.—The most common N. S. Wales form.

d. campylochlamys, F. Muell. Both involucre and calyx more or less deeply divided into
lanceolate acuminate lobes. Calyx otherwise rather longer than in the preceding varieties,
— Victoria river and Sturt's Creek, F, Mueller; Dampier's Archipelago, A. Cunningham,
In the latter specimens the seeds are woolly, but in the Victoria river plant they appear to
be glabrous, as in the other varieties.

e. platychlamys. Very densely clothed with a somewhat rigid, velvety tomentum. In-
voluere very spreading, often above 1 in. diameter, with broad lobes. Calyx exceeding 4 in.,
with large ovate or ovate-lanceolate lobes.—Victoria river, F, Mueller.

25. H. Huegelii, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 10. A tall shrub, more or
less scabrous or tomentose with scattered stellate hairs, or rarely glabrous,
and never hoary. Leaves deeply 3- or 5-lobed, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long,
the lobes obovate, oblong, cuneate or rarely lanceolate, more or less pinnatifid,
3-lobed or coarsely toothed, often undulate, and the lobes or teeth obtuse or
rarely rather acute. Flowers large, violet purple (or rarely yellow ?), the
pedicels rather long, bearing sometimes a small bract, and still more rarely a
second flower at the joint. Involucral bracteoles more or less united at the
base into a short broad cup, with 7 to 10 linear or subulate teeth or lobes
very variable in length, rarely nearly free to the base. Calyx $ to nearly 1 in.
ong, tomentose or softly villous, deeply divided into lanceolate-acuminate 3-
or 5-nerved lobes. Petals 2 to 3 in. long, softly tomentose or villous out-
side where exposed in the bud. Styles united almost to the stigmas, which
are large and spreading. Capsule ovoid-globose, tomentose or villous, the
cells hairy inside. Seeds glabrous.

S. Australia. Goose Island Bay and Memory Cove, R. Brown; Mount Arden,

oi Remarkable, and Port Lincoln, F. Mueller ; Streaky Bay, Venus Bay, ete., War-
urton.

W. Australia. From Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 1340, to Swan River, Fraser, Drummond,
Preiss, n. 1336, 1339, 1341, ond others; and Murchison river, Drummond, Oldfield, etc.
3 A variable species, of which the following are the most conspicuous forms in our her-

a:—

a. angulatus. Glabrous, except a close tomentum on the flowers; branches strongly
angular, by prominent lines decurrent from the stipules. Flowers large.— Murchison river.

6. glabrescens. Stem and leaves glabrous or slightly tomentose, the branches terete or
with slightly raised angles. Flowers large, tomentose, drying of a pale colour.—Swan River.
To this form shonld be referred the original specimen of H. Huegelii. My suspicion that
the statement that it had a yellow flower, purple in the centre, originated in a mistake, has
been fully confirmed by Dr. Fenzl, who has sent me full notes on the varieties exemplified
in the Vienna Herbarium. :

€. Wraye. More or less abundantly sprinkled or clothed with a scabrous tomentum or
stellate hairs. Flowers large, of a bluish-purple. Bracts united. Calyx densely tomen-
tose-villous,—H. Wraye, Lind). Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 69; Paritium ` Wraya, Walp. Rep. i.
311; H. Huegelii, Miq. in Pl. Preiss, i. t. 239; H. Pinonianus, Miq. Le 240, but not of
Gaudichaud.—S. and W. Australia. :

d. leptochiamys. Like the last, but more villous, and the bracteoles longer, free to the

se.—Murchison river. The stigmas appear to be erect and closed, almost as in Fugosia,
but I am not sure that they are perfect in the very few flowers we have. :

€. grossulariefolius. Like Wraye, but the flowers rather smaller. Leaves often, but not

218 XXI. MALVACEE.

always smaller, with broader and shorter lobes.—H. grossulariafolius, Miq. in Pl. Preiss.
i. 240; Bot. Mag. t. 4329; H. Meisneri, Mig. Le: H. geranüfolius, T'urez. in Bull.
Mose. 1858, i. 195.—Swan River and S. coast.
26. H. tiliaceus, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 454. A small tree. Leaves on
long petioles, orbicular-cordate, shortly acuminate, entire or crenulate, white
or hoary underneath with a close short tomentum, nearly glabrous above, 3
to 5 in. diameter. Stipules large, broadly oblong, very deciduous. Flowers
large, yellow with a dark crimson centre, on short peduncles in the upper `
axils or at the ends of the branches. Involucre campanulate, divided to
about the middle into 10 to 12 lobes, about half the length of the calyx.
Calyx nearly 1 in. long, with lanceolate l-nerved lobes. Petals 2 to 3 in
long, slightly tomentose outside. Capsule nearly 1 in. diameter, the valves.
bearing the dissepiments in their centre, and their thin margins turned in- `
wards so as to make the capsule appear 10-celled.—Paritium tiliaceum, St.
Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. i. 256; Wight, Ic. Pl. t. 7. gae
N. Australia. Islands of the Bay of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Port Molle,
M*Gillivray.
land. Burdekin Expedition; Rockhampton, Thozet. xe se
i egit seacoast tree in most tropieal countries, partieularly abundant in the islands
o acifie.

10. LAGUNARIA, G. Don.

Bracteoles 3 or 4, broad and united at the base, often very deciduous.
Calyx very shortly 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments
on the outside below the 5-crenate summit. Ovary 5-celled, with several
ovules in each cell. Style clavate at the top, with 5 distinct ovate radiatin
stigmas. Capsule loculicidally 5-valved, the endocarp villous inside
separating from the pericarp. Seeds reniform, thick, glabrous.—A tree.
Leaves entire, sprinkled or curved, with scurfy scales. Flowers large, axillary.
on short thick pedicels. di

The genus, scarcely perhaps sufficiently distinct from Hidiscus, is limited to a sing

species, represented, however, by two distinct varieties, one Australian, the other
Norfolk Island.

1. L. Patersoni, Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485, var. bracteata. A, tree,
e parts and inflorescence more or less covered with minute scurfy scal d
otherwise glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong or broadly lanceolate, rare!
ovate-oblong, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, somewhat coriaceous, white under
when young, glabrous and pale-green on both sides when full grown, i
scales of the under surface almost disappearing. Pedicels very sho a
angular. Bracteoles 3 to 5, very obtuse, united in a broad, shortly-l
cup, usually persistent at the time of flowering in the Australian variety, but
sometimes even these falling off early. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long. Petals
narrow, above 1} in. long, slightly tomentose outside.
eensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan; Port Cowper, T. Sutherland ; Cumberland
Islands, Herd. Mueller.
The Norfolk Island form (Hibiscus Patersonius, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 286; H. Patersoni,
DC. Prod. i. 454; Lagunea Patersonia, Bot. Mag. t. 769; L. squamea, Vent. Jard. Malm.
t. 42) is much more scaly-tomentose, the leaves are broader and very white underneath, and
the bracteoles fall off at so very early a stage that they have always been said to be entirely

ia.] XXI. MALVACER. 219

og. I had, on that account, at first considered the Australian plant as distinct, but I
since seen the bracts on very young buds of the Norfolk Island one, and observe them
be here and there very deciduous on Australian specimens, and the other characters,

he far as hitherto known constant, may not be sufficient to distinguish the two as
e varieties or races,

11. FUGOSIA, Juss.

Bracteoles 3, distinct and narrow, or several united in a 3- to 6-toothed
olucre. Calyx 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments on
outside, below the truncate or 5-toothed summit, or rarely quite to the
Ovary 3- to 5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each. Style thickened
s the top, grooved or divided into short, erect lobes, with decurrent
s. Capsule loculicidally 3- to 5-valved. Seeds obovoid-globular or
ly reniform, usually pubescent or woolly. Cotyledons much folded over
radicle.—Shrubs or undershrubs, with the habit of Hibiscus, but usually
glabrous. Leaves entire or lobed, rarely divided. Stipules small or
and deciduous. Flowers usually large, yellow or purple. Calyx
marked with black dots, but not the cotyledons.

"nus compri cies from tropical and subtropical regions of America and
hon hiriei, the nde’: rib sendero Magie? ones ép SE Redes: It is very
allied on the one hand to Hibiscus, on the other to Gossypium, differing from the
chiefly in the style, from the latter in the bracteoles.
ucre minutely toothed, placed a little below the calyx. Glabrous
or nearly so. Ovary-cells 5. i :
ves entire, cuneate-oblong or broadly linear. . . . >o. LF cuneiformis.
ves narrow-linear or almost terete, mostly deeply divided . . 2. F. hakeafolia.
les 3, distinct, on the base of the calyx. Ovary-cells usually 3

or 4,
Whole plant softly tomentose.

Calyx-lobes linear or lanceolate. Bracteoles linear . MN. t 8
. Calyx truncate, minutely 5-toothed. Bracteoles setaceous, minute 4.
‘ant glabrous or very slightly hoary-tomentose. ;

Calyx deeply divided into lanceolate lobes.

Leaves ovate or lanceolate, narrowed at the base, on very short

ENHoe |. . . . E E E VOV RN. NUES
Leaves orbicular, 5-nerved, on petioles of lin. . . . . 6. F. latifolia.
lyx truncate, with small linear lobes. Leaves on long petioles, gina
EB aeii 20:2 apa 094 E TUE populifolia.
varieties of Hibiscus Huegelii appear to have sometimes the stigmatic lobes erect,
bracteoles and other characters are more those of Hidiseus.)

. cuneiformis, Benih. Shrubby and glabrous. Leaves cuneate-
broadly linear, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, thick and somewhat
fleshy. Peduncles short and thick. Involucre very small, minutely 5 or 6-
toothed, placed a little below the calyx. Calyx 2 to 1 in. long, glabrous or
minutely tomentose, and occasionally glandular-dotted, deeply divided into
lanceolate l.nerved lobes. Petals about 14 in. long, slightly tomentose.

apsule 5-celled, ovoid-oblong, acuminate, slightly tomentose. Seeds nume-
Tous, covered with long woolly hairs. — Hibiscus | cuneiformis, DC. Prod. i.
454; Lagunaria cuneiformis, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 485.

W, Australia. Scacoast, Dirk Hartog's Island, 4. Cunningham, Milne; Sharks
Bay, Sanford. l

220 XXI. MALVACEJE. [ Fugosia.

2. F. hakezefolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4261. An erect shrub, flower-
ing young, but attaining 8 to 10 ft., entirely glabrous, or tomentose on the
flower only. Leaves from deeply bipinnatifid to trifid only, or the upper ones
entire, often several inches long, the whole leaf or lobes narrow-linear, some-
what fleshy, grooved above or almost terete. Flowers large, of a purple lilac,
on axillary peduncles, articulate, and often bearing a small bract about the
middle. Involucre placed a little below the calyx, very small, divided into
3 to 6 short, rigid, unequal teeth. Calyx $ to 1 in. long, deeply divided into
lanceolate-acuminate 3-nerved lobes. Petals 14 to 2 in. long. Capsule
tomentose, ovoid, with a short point, 5-celled. Seeds woolly.— Hibiscus
hakeafolius, Giord.; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 10; H. multifidus, Paxt. Fl.
Gard. vii. 103, with a fig.
at Australia. Goose Island Bay, S. coast, R. Brown; in the interior, M*Douall

wart.

W. Australia. From King George's Sound, Fraser, to Swan River, Drummond,
Preiss, n, 1342, and Murchison river, Drummond, Oldfield. 2

Var. coronopifolia. Leaf-segments often somewhat dilated and deeply toothed. Hibiscus
lilacinus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 2009; H. coronopifolius, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 239 (from the
description) ; Lagunaria lilacina, Walp. Rep. i. 311. W. Australia.

3. F. australis, Benth. An undershrub of several feet, hoary with a
dense but very short tomentum. Leaves broadly or narrow-ovate, obtuse,
1} to 21 in. long, entire or more or less sinuate or 3-lobed. Flowers rather
large, pink, on very short pedicels, which are often clustered 2 or 3 together
at the top of axillary peduncles, with a bract or small leaf under each.
Bracteoles 3, linear, distinct. Calyx from 4 to i in. long, tomentose an
marked with black glandular dots, the lobes lanceolate or almost linear, vary-
ing very much in length. Petals 14 in. long, slightly tomentose outside.
Capsule obovoid-oblong, shortly acuminate, tomentose, 3- or 4-valved. Seeds
numerous, woolly.— Gossypium australe, V. Muell. Fragm. i. 46, aud iii. 6.

, N. Australia. Barren plains, not rare, F. Mueller; N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Maitland
river, F. Gregory's Expedition ; Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborough. B

In habit and foliage this much resembles the Brazilian F. ph/omidifolia, St. Hil., which

has, however, more numerous bracteoles and yellow flowers.

4. F. thespesioides, Benth. Habit nearly that of F. australis, but
larger and more tomentose, especially the inflorescence and under side of the
leaves, which are somewhat rust-coloured. Leaves orbicular or broadly
ovate, 2 to 4 in. long, softly tomentose. Flowers large, on short pedicels, ot
the lower ones on longer peduncles, articulate and bracteate below the summit.
Bracteoles 3 or rarely 5, usually minute and setaceous. Calyx broadly eup-
shaped, truncate, with 5 minute distant teeth, about 1 in. diameter, tomen-
tose. Petals above 2 in. long, tomentose outside. Capsule nearly globose,
twice as long as the calyx, hard and almost woody, 3-celled and 3-valved.
Lm apparently pubescent, but not seen ripe.— Hibiscus thespesioides, R. Br.

tero,

N. Australia. N. coast, without any precise locality indicated, R. Brown (Hb. R. Br.)-

5. F. punctata, Benth. Apparently shrubby, with tall erect branches,
the whole plant glabrous or very minutely hoary. Leaves on very short pe-
tioles, from ovate to lanceolate, mostly acute, 2 to 3 in. long, penninerved or

E

Fugosia.] XXI. MALVACER. 221

obscurely 3-nerved at the base. Flowers large, on rather long pedicels in the
axils of the uppermost reduced leaves. Bracteoles 3, lanceolate, persistent.
Calyx about 1 in. long, deeply divided into lanceolate, obscurely 1 or 3-neived
lobes, marked with a few black dots. Petals fully 2 in. long. Capsule
small, nearly globose but rather acute, 3-valved. Seeds apparently globose,
but not seen ripe.— Hibiscus punctatus, A. Cunn. Herb.
N. Australia. Port Essington, A. Cunningham.

6. F. latifolia, Benth. Habit and general characters of F. punctata,
but the leaves are orbicular or broadly ovate, 5-nerved, on petioles of 1 in. or
more, and the calyx-lobes are marked each with 3 strongly raised nerves,
which unite into 10 prominent ribs on the tube. The whole plant is also
somewhat hoary with a minute pubescence, especially the inflorescence and
younger leaves. Petals and stamens not seen. Capsule of F. punctata.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham.

7. F. populifolia, Benth. Apparently shrubby, with slender, perhaps
procumbent branches, quite glabrous or with a minute pubescence on the
under side of the leaves. Leaves on long petioles, cordate, long-acuminate, `
entire, rarely above 2 in. long, green on both sides. — Flowers rather large, on
pedicels longer than the petioles. Bracteoles 3, linear-lanceolate, reflexed.
Calyx not $ in. diameter, marked with black dots, almost truncate, with
linear-acuminate lobes about as long as the tube. Petals nearly 1} in. long,
minutely tomentose outside. Capsule globular, glabrous, 3-valved, but not
seen fully ripe.

N. Australia. Greville Island, Montague Sound, Isles of King George IV.'s Sound,
N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; N.W. coast, Bynoe.

12. THESPESIA, Corr.

Bracteoles 1 to 5, small or deciduous. Calyx truncate, minutely 5-toothed
or rarely 5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments on the out-
side, below or up to the summit. Ovary 5-celled, with few ovules in each
cell. Style club-shaped at the top, 5-furrowed or obscurely divided into
erect stigmatic lobes. Capsule hard, almost woody, indehiscent or loculi-
cidally 5-valved. Seeds obovoid, glabrous or woolly. Cotyledons very
much folded, enclosing the radicle, often black-dotted.— Trees or tall herbs.
Leaves large, entire or angularly lobed. Flowers large, usually yellow.

À small genus, limi i ia, the Pacific isles, and eastern Africa, the Austra-
lian Nd being Sege A SE ee whole range. Closely allied to Hibiscus, Fu-
gosia, and Gossypium, it differs from the former chiefly in the style, from the two latter
Senerally either in the calyx or bracts, and from all in the more woody capsule.

l. T. populnea, Corr.; DC. Prod. i. 456. A tree, with the young
parts and under side of the leaves sprinkled with minute rust-coloured scales,
otherwise glabrous. Leaves broad-cordate, acuminate, entire, 4 or 5 in. long.
Flowers reddish-yellow, rather large, on axillary pedicels usually shorter than
the petioles. Bracteoles 1 to 3, lanceolate and deciduous, or sometimes
Wanting. Calyx very open, 6 to 8 lines diameter, truncate, with minute
teeth. Petals broad, 13 to 2 in. long. Capsule fully 1j in. diameter, hard

t

222 XXI. MALVACER. [ Thespesia.

and woody, indehiscent or opening longitudinally when very dry.— Wight, Ie.
t. 8.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Z. Brown, Henne.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham, M‘Gillivray. :

The species is widely spread over the seacoasts of tropical Asia, extending from eastern
Africa to the Pacific Islands. It is also introduced into the West Indies,

13. GOSSYPIUM, Linn.
(Sturtia, R. Br.)

Bracteoles 3, large and cordate. Calyx much shorter, truncate or shortly
5-lobed. Staminal column bearing numerous filaments outsidé, below or up
to the top. Ovary 5-, rarely 4-celled, with several ovules in each cell.
Style club-shaped at the top, furrowed, with decurrent stigmas. Capsule
loculicidally 5-, rarely 4-valved. Seeds angular or nearly globular, very
woolly or nearly glabrous; cotyledons very much folded, enclosing the radicle.
—Tall herbs, shrubs, or almost trees. Leaves 3- to 9-lobed, or rarely entire.
Flowers large, yellow or purple. Bracteoles entire, toothed or cut, usually,
as well as the calyx and cotyledons, marked with black dots.

The genus, besides the Australian species, which is endemic, comprises the cultivated
- Cotton, whose various forms, described as species, races, or varieties, are distributed either

as indigenous or introduced plants over the warmer regions both of the New and the Old
World, but not hitherto found in a wild state in Australia.

1. G. Sturtii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 6. A shrub of several feet, gla-
brous and more or less marked with black dots. Leaves on rather long Dë:
tioles, broadly ovate, entire, 1 to 2 in. long, rather coriaceous and glaucous.
Flowers large, purple with a dark centre, on short pedicels in the upper axils.
Bracteoles cordate, entire, 2 to 1 in. long, many-nerved and black-dotted.
Calyx not half so long, broad, truncate with minute or narrow-linear teeth,
copiously black-dotted. Petals fully 2 in. long. Capsule ovoid, shortly acu-
minate, much longer than the calyx, usually 4-celled, glabrous but copiously
black-dotted. Seeds very sparingly and shortly woolly.— Sturtia gossypioides,
R. Br. App. Sturt. Exped. 5.

S. Australia. In the interior; Barren Range, Sturt; Elder's Range, F. Mueller;
poc Ranges, Beckler; Flinders Range, Victorian Expedition ; towards Spencer's Gulf,

14. ADANSONTA, Linn.

Calyx ovoid or oblong, deeply splitting into 3 to 5 lobes. Staminal co-
lumn divided at the top into numerous filaments. Ovary 5- to 10-celled,
with many ovules in each cell. Style shortly divided at the summit into as
many radiating stigmas as there are cells. Fruit oblong, woody, indehiscent,
the cells filled with a mealy pulp. ‘Seeds reniform-globular, embedded in
the pulp; cotyledons very much folded, enclosing the radicle.— Trees with à
comparatively short trunk, acquiring an immense girth, the wood soft and
spongy. Leaves digitate, with entire leaflets. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
bracteate. Flowers large, white, pendulous. Fruits large, pendulous.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus only contains one other, the
celebrated Baobab of tropical Africa, which extends into the western districts of East India.

Adansonia. ] XXI. MALVACER, : 223

l. A. Gregorii, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 14. A large tree,
not lofty in proportion to its size, with an enormous gouty stem, attaining
from 30 to 80 ft. in circumference, and usually contracted under the main
branches of the head. Leaflets 5, 7, or rarely 9, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
uate, the larger ones 4 to 5 in. long, narrowed at the base but rarely petiolu-
late, minutely pubescent above, white-tomentose underneath. Flowers of a
yellowish-white, on pedicels of 1 to 14 inch. Calyx oblong and entire in the
bud, and little more than z in. diameter, attaining 3 in. in length, and split-
ting into 3 to 5 lobes as the flower opens, tomentose outside, silky-villous
Inside, Petals 5 or rarely 4, cuneate-oblong, fully 4 in. long, silky-villous
outside in their upper portion. Staminal column pubescent outside, rather
shorter than the filaments. Fruit resembling a small gourd, in our specimens
about 6 in. long and 8 to 4 in. diameter, but probably often larger, of a
brownish-red colour, densely tomentose, exuding a dark red gum.

N. Australia. Sandy plains and low stony ridges, from the Glenelg to the western
shores of Arnhem’s Land, and rarely above 100 miles inland, F. Mueller, G. Bennett, and
others. The interior substance of the fruit has an agreeable acidity, and, boiled with sugar,
Ts materi service in scorbutie complaints. (See G. Bennett, ‘ Gatherings of a Naturalist,
, The African A. digitata, which is closely allied, and, according to G. Bennett, has pre-
cisely the same fruit (above a foot long in our specimens), differs chiefly in broader leaflets, a
>a Ai more regularly 5-cleft, broader petals, and still more numerous and shorter

15. BOMBAX, Linn.
. (Salmalia, Schott.)

Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, or splitting into 3 to 5 lobes. Staminal co-
lumn divided into numerous filaments, of which the inner ones, or nearly all,
are more or less connected in pairs and united at the base into 5 or more
bundles, Ovary 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell; style club-shaped,
or shortly 5-lobed at the top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, opening loculi-
cidally in 5 valves, the cells densely woolly inside. Seeds obovoid or glo-
bular, enveloped in the wool of the pericarp; albumen thin ; cotyledons much
folded round the radicle.— Trees. Leaves digitate, with leaflets usually
entire. Peduneles 1-flowered, axillary or terminal. Flowers white or red.

The species are chiefly South American, with one from tropical Africa, and another from
tropical Asia extending also into Australia.

l. B. malabaricum, DC. Prod. i. 479. A large tree, the trunk
Covered with short conical prickles. Leaves on long petioles, deciduous ;

ets 5 to 7, petiolulate, elliptical-oblong, acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, coria-
Ceous, entire, glabrous. Flowers large, red, on short pedicels, clustered towards :
the ends of the branches which are then destitute of leaves. Calyx above 1 in.
long, thick and coriaceous, glabrous outside, silky-hairy inside, dividing into
Short broad obtuse lobes. Petals fully 3 in. long, oblong, tomentose out-
side, nearly glabrous within. Staminal column short, filaments much longer,
ut shorter than the petals, five innermost forked at the top, each branch
ng an anther, about 10 intermediate ones simple, and the numerous
Cuter ones shortly united in 5 clusters. Capsule large, oblong, and woody.
z-Salmalia malabarica, Schott, Meletem. 35; Bombax heptaphylla, Cav. ;
Roxb. Pl. Corom. iii, 43, t. 247; Wight, Ill. t. 29.

224 " XXI. MALVACES. [Bombax.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham. The specimen consists
of a single flower; the foliage and fruit are therefore described from East Indian specimens,
where the species has a considerable range.

Orver XXII. STERCULIACEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx usually persistent,
more or less deeply divided into 5 or rarely 4 or 3 valvate lobes or segments,
or rarely splitting irregularly, of the sepals entirely free. Petals either 5,
hypogynous, free, or adhering to the staminal column, contorted-imbricate 10
the bud, or small and scale-like, or none. Stamens usually united into a ring,
a cup, or tube, with 5 terminal teeth or lobes (staminodia) alternating with
the petals, and one or more anthers sessile or stipitate (on distinct filaments)
in each interval, the anthers 2-celled and opening outwards, in longitudinal
slits, or exceptionally the anthers are numerous or the staminodia wanting,
or the stamens 5, free and alternate with the sepals or the anther-cells con-
fluent or opening in terminal pores. Ovary free, 2- to 5-celled, with the
carpels more or less united, rarely 10- or 12-celled, or reduced to a single
carpel. Style entire, or divided into as many branches as there are cells, or
rarely styles as many, nearly or quite free. Fruit various. Seeds sometimes
hairy but not woolly, sometimes enveloped in pulp or strophiolate, the testa
coriaceous, occasionally enclosed in an outer membranous integument ; albu-
men fleshy or none; cotyledons usually foliaceous, flat or folded, the radicle
shorter, next the hilum or rarely distant from it.—Herbs, shrubs, or trees,
the tomentum or hairs stellate, rarely mixed with simple hairs. ` Leaves alter-
nate or irregularly opposite, simple and pinnately or palmately nerved, entire
toothed or lobed, or digitately compound. Stipules rarely wanting.

A large Order, chiefly tropical, dispersed over the New and the Old World, with some
extratropical genera in S. Africa or Australia, and very few species without the tropics in the
Northern hemisphere. Of the 19 Australian genera 10 are common to the tropical regions,
the Old World or both of the Old and the New World, the remaining 9 are endemic, with

` the exception of single species of Ru/ingia and Keraudrenia, found in Madagascar.
Anthers 5 to 15, sessile or stipitate, surrounding the ovary at the
top of a column or gynophore i

Flowers uniserual or polygamous. No petals. Anthers sessile.
No staminodia. Fruit-carpels separate, sessile or stipitate.
Trees. Leaves simple or digitate. (‘Tribe

Authers irregularly clustered. Seeds albuminous.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Carpels follicular or open-
ing along the inner edge . . . . 1. STERCULIA.

single in each cell. Carpels winged, indehiscent . . 2. TARRIETIA.

Anthers 5, in a ring. Ovules solitary. Carpels large, indehis-

cont. ADSL EG o o o a i oo osos oco n D. FERITINA
Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5, clawed, Anthers on short
filaments, surrounding or alternating with 5 teeth of the co-

lumn or staminodia. Leaves simple. (Tribe EIielictere:se.)
Anther-cells divaricate or confluent in

to one. Fruit-carpels di
tinct, or spirally twistéd i: c. 5o 5. Sox. i 4. HELICTERES.
Anther-cells parallel. Fruit woody, 5-valved. Seeds winged . 5. PTEROSPERMUM-
Stamens 5 (or in Aroma more), united at the base in a short cup or

ring, or rarely free, with or withont intervening staminodia, and
surrounding the sessile ovary.

D

XXII. STERCULIACE X. 225

— — Petals flat, longer than the calyx.
Stamens 5, united in a cup, with 5 intervening elongated flat
EE ee, o arua
Stamens 5, united at the base without intervening staminodia,
(Tribe Efermannieze.)
E eled ILU TE aeu a 7. Merten,
Em Eel. 2... ..... e EE
Ovary of one 1-celled carpel . a pac ocias rod E NN
Petals with a short, broad, very concave base, and a sessile or sti-
pitate lamina. (Tribe Buettneriez.) à

lamina of the petals stipitate, longer than the calyx. Stamino-
dia 5, obcordate, with 2 to 4 stamens between each . . . 10, ABROMA.

Tamina of the petals short, sessile, stamens 5.

Staminodia single between each 2 stamens; lanceolate. . . 11. RULINGIA.
.. Staminodia 3 between each 2 stamens, all linear-spathulate, or
. the central one lanceolate, and the lateral ones subulate . 12. COMMERSONIA.
“Gis small and scale-like or none. (Tribe Kaasiopetalese.)
Anthers (linear-oblong) opening outwards in parallel slits.
herbaceous, scarcely enlarged, and not coloured after
owering. Staminodialarge. Carpels membranous, winged 13. SERINGIA.
alyx enlarged after flowering, thin and coloured. Staminodia
single or none, Capsule or carpels membranous, rounded
or rarely winged Wd m pli a cR a T
Calyx strongly ribbed after flowering. Staminodia 3 between
A each 2 stamens, Capsule hard or woody . . . EIE.
nthers (often obtusely sagittate or acuminate) opening in ter-
minal or inwardly oblique pores, or in slits, extending more
or less down the sides.

Calyx divided to above or a little below the middle, eularged,
and coloured after flowering, each sepal with the midrib
either very prominent inside or deeply coloured. Stipules
leafy or rarely none. . . 5... 5. . . v. 18. TnowasiA:

Calyx divided to the middle or lower, each sepal with 3 or 5 -
ribs, Very prominent after flowering. Stipules leafy . . 17. GvicHENOTIA.

alyx divided almost to the base, scarcely enlarging, obseurely
Several-veined at the base. Stipules noue . d

Sepals entirely free, narrow and petal-like.

Small or none, . zs 8

14, KERAUDRENIA.

15. HANNAFORDIA.

towel $i m2 IB PASIOPRTALUM.
Stipules very z
: " . . « 19. LysiosEPALUM.

a D D D H

1. STERCULIA, Linn.
(Brachy, chiton, Trichosiphou, and Pacilodermis, Schott ; Delabechea, Lindl.)

Owers unisexual or polygamous. Calyx more or less deeply 5-cleft,
SE 4-cleft, usually ieee Petals Sg Staminal column adnate to
en Bynophore, bearing at the summit 15 or rarely 10 stamens, irregularly
SN tered in a head, Carpels of the ovary 5, distinct or nearly so, with 2 or
qure ovules in each. Styles united under the peltate or lobate stigma. Fruit-
Kim distinct, spreading, either firm or woody, and scarcely opening along
ri ` ess edge, or thinner, and opening as follicles, even long before they are
Hg - Seeds 1 or more in each carpel, rarely winged; albumen adhering to
É cotyledons, often splitting in two, assuming the aspect of fleshy cotyledons;
t cotyledons flat or nearly so, and thin, the radicle next the hilum or at
diet Opposite end, or intermediate.— Trees. Leaves undivided or lobed, or
Igitately compound. Flowers in panicles or rarely racemes, mostly axil-

TUN metimes very short; terminal flowers usually female, in these the
ri z

226 XXII. STERCULIACEJE. [ Sterculia.

staminal column is shorter and the anthers less perfect than in the males,

surrounding the base of the ovary; in the males the ovary is often entirely
abortive.

A large genus, almost entirely tropical, and more abundant in Asia than in Africa or Ameriea,
where however several species. are found. The Australian ones are all endemic, except
S. fetida, which is a widely-spread Asiatic one. g ded

The species of this genus were distributed by Schott into a number of genera, foun
chiefly on the flowers and habit, afterwards reduced and rearranged by R. Brown, chiefly on
carpological characters, without reference to habit or calyx. The majority of the Australian
ones belong to the group distinguished by R. Brown chiefly by the seeds having a loose outer
coating covered with hairs, which in some species are so adhesive that the seeds fall out in
their inner coating only, leaving the outer coating adhering to the equally hairy endocarp,
with the appearance of the cells of a beehive ; and by the radicle next to the hilum. The seeds
do not appear to cohere in all the species, in some they are hitherto unknown, and in flowers
and habit, S. ramiflora and S. rupestris, S. fetida and S. quadrifida are more different Kä
each other than from species belonging respectively to other groups. Among species no
Australian, the position of the radicle unites two very heteromorphous ones under Firmiana,
and would (as observed to me by M. Poinsot, of the Paris Herbarium) lead to separate
S. mexicana trom other digitate-leaved American species. I have therefore, with Endlicher
and others, considered Schott and Brown's genera as sections only.

Sect. 1. Sterculia.—Radicle at the end remote from the hilum. Seeds and inside
of the carpels glabrous.

Leaves digitate. Calyx-lobes 5, spreading. Staminal column long and :
imet: j Tnm à e gcc LK UC reg . 1. S. fætida.
(See 12. S. rupestris, which has the leaves sometimes digitate.) à
Leaves large, entire. Calyx-lobes 4, cohering at the tips . . . . 2. S. quadrifida.
Sect. 2. Brachychiton.—Radicle nert the hilum. Seeds and inside of the carpels
usually villous, often cohering. Leaves entire or lobed (digitate only on some branches of

S. rupestris). — Calyz-lobes spreading.

Calyx-lobes (where known) with induplicate margins. Seeds (where known) scarcely coher-
ing. Leaves tomentose or pubescent, at least underneath. Flowers large, sessile.
(Brachychiton, Schott.)

Leaves green and softly tomentose or pubescent on both sides.
Leaves broad, entire or obscurely 5- or 7-lobed. Calyx broadly :
campanulate . . | xL qw pq. LE i serais S. ramiflora.
Leaves 3-lobed. Calyx tubular-campanulate . 4. S, Bidwilh.
Leaves palmately 5- or 7-lobed . . . . . . . . . . . TuS. lurida.
Leaves white underneath.
. Leaves angular or obscurely 5- or 7-lobed. . . = 5

` ` Leaves palmately 5- or 7-lobed, with acuminate lobes . . . .

Calyx-lobes strictly valvate. Outer coating of the seeds usually re-
Se Gerechte to the endocarp. Leaves glabrous. Flowers in

ort panicles.
Calyx v ag lobes lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Leaves pal- :
mately 5- or T-lobed (Trichosiphom, Schott) . . . . . . . 8. S. trichosiphon.
Calyx broadly campanulate, deeply lobed (Pacilodermis, Schott). ERA
Leaves large, ely 5- or 7-lobed, Flowers quite glabrous . 9. S. acerifolia.
Leaves entire, ovate or cordate, or 8-lobed, acuminate. Flowers

tomentose outside when young, glabrous inside. Follicles sti- Cue
pitate, a . ie pul DEET d dn
Leaves cordate-acuminate, entire. Flowers tomentose outside, "

hirsute inside at the base. Follicles nearly sessile . . . . 11. S. caudata.
Leaves entire and lanceolate, or digitate. Flowers tomentose outside. :
Follicles long-stipitate . (ole qr a MES Gc opes

1. S. feetida, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 483. A tall stout tree, glabrous, except

a

D [^ D D

S. discolor.

D D D

t
=
à

6.

‘aaa

Sterculia.] XXII. STERCULIACEE. 227

the very young leaves. Leaves crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets,
deciduous, digitately compound on long petioles; leaflets 5 to 11, elliptical
oblong or almost lanceolate, 4 to 8 in. long, mostly acuminate, entire, cori-
. &ceous, contracted into short petiolules. Flowers rather large, of a dull red,
coming out with the young leaves in loose, simple or branched racemes, not
exceeding the petioles. Calyx deeply divided into 5 lanceolate spreading
Segments, about 4 in. long, glabrous outside, tomentose inside. Staminal
column or gynophore slender and curved, both in the males and females.

vary very villous, 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell. Follicles large,
woody, glabrous outside, fibrous within. Seeds 10 to 15, oblong, the radicle
remote from the hilum.—R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 227; Wight, Ic. t.
181 and 364.

N. Australia. N. coast (R. Brown).
` N. S. Wales. Hastings and Mackay rivers, Beckler.
: I have not seen R. Brown's specimens, and Beekler’s are leaves only. I insert the spe-
cies therefore on Brown’s authority, describing it from Indian specimens. It ranges over
the East Indiau and Malayan peninsulas aud the Archipelago.

2. S. quadrifida, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 233. Glabrous, ex-
cept the inflorescence. Leaves petiolate, ovate or cordate, obtuse or acumi-
nate, mostly 3 to 5 in. long. Racemes several, crowded within the upper-
most leaves, 1 to 2 in. long, clothed with a stellate tomentum. Bracts broad,
acuminate, very deciduous. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines. Calyx about 4 lines long,
tomentose, cleft to the middle, the lobes usually 4, lanceolate, connivent and
cohering at the tips. Staminal column short. Follicles sessile, ovoid, 2 to 3
in. long, hard and almost woody, minutely tomentose or glabrous. Seeds 2
to 4, ovoid, black, the radicle remote from the hilum.

N. Australia. Sims Island, 4. Cunningham; Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller ; Port
Essington, Armstrong ; Cape Upstart, M'Gillivray. : : 8 :
land. Delta of the Burdekin aud Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Wide Bay, Bid-

vill; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.
The northern specimens have longer aud more acute leaves, and rather smaller flowers on

longer pedicels than the eastern ones.

3. S. ramiflora, Benth. A shrub or small tree, clothed with a soft
stellate tomentum or pubescence, which rarely disappears on the upper surface
of the older leaves. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate-cordate or nearly
orbicular, mostly acuminate, entire, angular or obscurely 3- or 5-lobed, often
attaining 5 or 6 in. Flowers few, large, red, nearly sessile, and clustered
Mm the axils of the upper leaves. Calyx broadly eampanulate, 1 to 13 in. long,
the lobes shorter than the tube, spreading, obtuse, 3-nerved in the centre,
With broad induplicate margins; inside the tube at the base are 5 small,
Inflexed, and very villous double scales. Staminal column slender, hirsute at
the base, Ovary pubescent; stigmas recurved. —Follicles shortly stipitate,
3 to 4 in. long, glabrous outside, villous inside, stipitate (according to

- Brown), with very numerous seeds; I have not seen them perfect.—
Brachychiton paradoxum, Schott, Meletem. 34; Brachychiton ramiforum,
R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234.

N. Australia. Brunswick and Vansittart’s Bays, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham ; Vic-
toria river and Point Perron, F. Mueller. aia

228 XXII, STERCULIACEJE. [ Sterculia.

4. S. Bidwilli, Hook. Herb. A shrub or tree, softly pubescent or
tomentose in all its parts, closely allied to S. ramiflora, but differing in the
leaves almost always deeply 3-lobed with acuminate lobes, green, and softly
villous on both sides, and especially in the calyx, which is narrow, tubular-
campanulate, 1 to 14 in. long; the red colour and induplicate lobes are the
same as in S. ramiflora.—Brachychiton Bidwilli, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5133.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; Burdekin Expedition, Herb. Mueller ; also in
Leichhardt’ s collection. :

F. Mueller’s herbarium contains a leaf gathered by C. Moore in the mouutains near
Ipswich, precisely like some of those of S. Bidwilli, but with a memorandum by C. Moore

that the flower is only 2 in. long. If that be the case, it probably forms a distinct species,
named by F. Mueller S. padescezs.

5. S. discolor, F. Muell. A tall tree, the young shoots tomentose.
Leaves very broadly cordate, nearly orbicular, shortly acuminate, angular or
very shortly and irregularly 5- or 7-lobed, glabrous above, white underneath
with a very close tomentum, mostly 4 to 6 in. diameter. Flowers (if cor-
rectly matched) like those of S. ramiflora, and similarly clustered. ` Calyx
1} to 2 in. long, broadly campanulate, tomentose inside and out, divided to
the middle into broad lobes with induplicate margins. Follicles very shortly
stipitate, 4 to 6 in. long, acuminate; densely rusty-tomentose outside.—
Brachychiton discolor, V. Muell. Fragm. i. 1.

N. Australia. Buckland's Table Land, 4. C. Gregory.

Queensland. Pine river, Z///.

N. S. ‘Wales. Clarence and Richmond rivers, C. Moore, Beckler.

The specimens I have seen are in leaf only, with loose flowers and fruits.

6. S. incana, Benth. A tree, densely clothed with a close, soft tomen-
tum, very white on the under side of the leaves. Leaves deeply divided into
5 or 7 palmate broadly lanceolate lobes, the larger leaves fully 8 in. diameter.
Flowers not known. Follicles sessile, ovoid, shortly acuminate, thick and
woody, softly tomentose outside, densely tomentose-hirsute inside as well as
the seeds, which however do not appear to cohere as in some species.—
Brachychiton incanum, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234 ; Sterculia acerifolia,
A. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. 392 (in part).

W. Australia. Cambridge Gulf, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. The specimens are in
leaf and fruit.

T. S. lurida, F. Muell. A tree. Leaves on long petioles, deeply 5- or
7-lobed, the lobes sinuate or even lobed as in 5. acerifolia, and of the same
size, but softly pubescent, especially underneath. Flowers like those of 5.
discolor, of a livid variegated colour. Calyx campanulate, 14 to 2 in. long,
divided to the middle into broadly ovate lobes, with the margins thin and in-
duplicate. Follicles (according to F. Mueller) shortly stipitate, large, to-
mentose, many-seeded.—Brachychiton luridum, V. Muell. Fragm. i. 1, and
B. 177, T

.N. S. ‘Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore. The specimens I have seen are in leaf,
with loose flowers. The real distinctions between S. ramiflora, S. Bidwilli, S. discolor, 8.
incana, aud S. lurida, which alone enter into the section Brachychiton as originally defined
by Schott, cannot be well ascertained until we have more complete specimens, with the
leaves, flowers, and fruits properly matched. These can only be procured by residents in the
country itself, as these organs are generally developed at different seasons.

ké

D

Sterculia.] XXII. STERCULIACE.E. 229

8. S. trichosiphon, Benth. A tree, quite glabrous, leafless when in
- flower. Leaves 4 to 8 in. long and broad, more or less deeply cut into 5 or
rarely 7 palmate lobes, sometimes broad and shortly acuminate, sometimes
lanceolate with long points, and glabrous on both sides, Racemes short,
mostly simple. Calyx narrow, tubular-campanulate, about $ in. long, the
lobes lanceolate, spreading, much shorter than the tube. Staminal column
swollen and hairy in the middle. Stigma peltate. Follicles shortly stipitate,
glabrous, oblong-triangular, 2 to 3 in. long.—7'ichosiphon australe, Schott,
Melet. 34 ; Brachychiton platanoides, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234.
N. Australia. Abel Tasman river, F. Mueller ; Nicol Bay, F. Gregory.

7 Queensland. Northumberland Islaud (R. Brown), Burdekin and Suttor and Dawson
rivers, F. Mueller; Wide Bay, Bidwi/f. The few flowers I have seen were much damaged
by insects. J have not seen D. Brown's specimens,

_ 9. S. acerifolia, 4. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit 392 (partly). A large
timber-tree, quite glabrous. Leaves on long petioles, deeply 5- or 7-lobed ;
lobes oblong-lanceolate or almost rhomboid, occasionally deeply sinuate, the
whole leaf often 8 or 10 in. diameter, thin but shining, and glabrous on both
sides. Flowers of a rich red, in loose axillary racemes or small panicles of 2
to 3 in. Calyx broadly campanulate, $ in. long, quite glabrous, with short
broad lobes, valvate in the bud. Ovary raised on a short column, quite gla-
brous, the carpels quite distinct, and the styles scarcely cohering at the broad
radiating stigmas. Follicles large, on long stalks, quite glabrous.— BracAy-
chiton acerifoliwm, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 1, and ii. 177.

N. S. Wales. Illawarra, A. Cunningham, M* Arthur, where it is known by the name
of “ Flame-tree ;” Macleay aud Clarence rivers, Becker.

10. S. diversifolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 516. A tree of from 20 to
60 ft., quite glabrous except the flowers. Leaves on long petioles, glabrous
and shining, either entire and from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, or more or less
deeply 3- or rarely 5-lobed, the 2 lateral lobes sometimes very short, some-
times all lanceolate, 2 or 3 in. long, the simple leaves or their lobes always
ending in long points. Flowers in axillary panicles, rarely exceeding the
leaves, Calyx very broadly campanulate, slightly tomentose when young,
attaining when fully out 7 to 9 lines diameter, acutely lobed to the middle,
of a yellowish-white and glabrous except the ciliate margins outside, reddish
and glabrous within. Staminal column also glabrous. Ovary slightly to-
Mentose. Follicles nearly ovoid, 14 to 2 or even 3 in. long, thick and gla-

rous, on stalks of 1 to 9 in., the endocarp and outer coating of the seeds
very shortly hirsute and cohering.—Pecilodermis populnea, Schott, Melet.
33; Brachychiton populneum, R. Br. in Beun. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234; F. Muell.

- Viet. i, 156, and Suppl. 5. -

y ueensland, Dawson river, F, Mueller; Rockhampton, Thozet; in the interior,
eehelt, according to whom the natives eat the pods.

fol : S. Wales. From New England, C. Stuart, and Macleay river, Beckler, to Two-

ie. d Bay, F, Mueller ; in the interior, Fraser ; Lachlan river, A. Cunningham.

ria. Granite ranges on Snowy River and its tributaries, and Hume river, F.
Mueller,

Var. (P) occidentalis. Leaves mostly deeply 3-lobed with narrow lobes, with the addition
Sometimes of short lateral lobes. Calyx rather smaller and more tomentose than in the

230 XXII. STERCULIACES. (Sterculia.

eastern form, but not fully out in our specimens, and quite glabrous inside.— BracAhycAiton
Gregorii, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 199. à i
WV. Australia. Murchison river, Gregory, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 93.

11. S. caudata, Heward, in Herb. Cunn. A tree, quite glabrous except
the flowers. Leaves ovate-cordate, entire, long-acuminate, mostly 3 or 4 in.
long, the veins more transverse than in any other species, some occasionally
narrow-oblong or linear. Flowers rather small, in short axillary panicles, the
rachis and pedicels quite glabrous. Calyx broadly campanulate, deeply lobed,
6 to 7 lines diameter when fully out, very tomentose outside, pubescent in-
side especially at the bottom, but without appendages. Staminal column
slender in the males, short in the females, pubescent at the base. Ovary
very tomentose. Follicles glabrous, ovoid, rather large and thick, almost
sessile.— Brachychiton diversifolium, R. Br. in Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 234.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river and Point

Pearce, F. Muelier. I have been unable to retain R. Brown's specific name, which had
been previously applied by G. Don to the last species.

12. S. rupestris, Benth. A considerable tree, the trunk often swelling
out to a large size, contracted at the top and bottom. Leaves quite glabrous,
either quite entire, oblong-linear or lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, or digitate,
consisting of 5 to 9 linear-lanceolate sessile leaflets, often above 6 in. long.
Panicle tomentose, usually longer than the petioles. Calyx about 4 lines
long, campanulate, deeply lobed, tomentose both inside and out. Staminal
column short, hirsute at the base. Follicles ovoid, acuminate, about 1 in.
long, on stalks longer than themselves. Seeds, when deprived of the outer
coating which remains adherent to the endocarp, smooth and shining, marked
with a large scar at the chalazal end, but the radicle in those I have opened
always next to the true hilum.—Delabechea rupestris, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop.
Austr. 155; Brachychiton Delabechii, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 157.

Queensland. Isolated summits of the Grafton range, Mitchell ; Wide Bay, Bidwil! ;
Dawson, Mackenzie, and Burnett rivers, Rockhampton and Peak Downs, F. Mueller. The
colonists give it the name of ** Bottle-tree," on account of the singular shape the trunk often

assumes. The digitate leaves appear to grow on luxuriant barren branches, for 1 have never
scen them on flowering specimens.

2. TARRIETIA, Blume.
(Argyrodendron, F. Muell.)

Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-cleft.. Petals none. Staminal column short,
adnate to the gynophore, bearing at the summit 10 to 15 anthers irregularly
clustered in a head. — Carpels of the ovary 3 to 5, nearly distinct, 1-ovulate
rarely 2-ovulate. Styles as many, boi filiform, stigmatie ou the inner
edge. Fruit-carpels or samaras distinct, spreading, indehiscent, produced at
the back into a wing. Seed oblong, albumen splitting in two, cotyledons
flat.—Tall trees. Leaves digitately compound, glabrous or scurfy. Flowers
small and numerous, in axillary or lateral panicles.

a the Australian species, which is endemic, there is another from the Indian Archi-
pelago. e

1. T. argyrodendron, Benth. A tall tree, glabrous except minute
seurfy scales on the young shoots and inflorescence, and often on the under

Tarrietia. | XXII. STERCULIACEJE. 231

side of the leaves. Leaflets 3, or on the younger trees often 5, petiolulate, ob-
long or lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, coriaceous. Panicles
dichotomous, the upper ones sometimes exceeding the leaves. Flowers very
numerous. Calyx broadly campanulate, about 3 lines diameter. Carpels
with a semiorbicular wing about 1 in. long.—Argyrodendron trifoliolatum, F.
Muell. Fragm. i. 2, ii. 177.

Co vum Common in shady woods on the Brisbane, A. Cunningham ; Pine river,

| LH.

N. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence rivers, C. Moore.

The timber of this tree is said to be hard, and valuable for building. The flowers in the
Japanese species are much smaller and more numerous, but the structure is the same, its
carpels having a wing of 2 to 3 in.

be e Calyx 4 lines diameter. Stigmas short and broad. Port Denison,

RALAN. E

3. HERITIERA, Ait.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals none. Staminal
column slender, bearing on the outside below the summit a ring of 5 anthers
with parallel cells. Carpels of the ovary 5, nearly distinct, 1-ovulate ; style
short, with 5 rather thick stigmas. Fruit-carpels woody, indehiscent, keeled
or almost winged on the back. Seeds without albumen, cotyledons very
thick, the radicle next the hilam.—Trees. Leaves undivided, coriaceous,
scurfy underneath, penninerved. Flowers small, in axillary panicles.

The genus consists of two tropical Asiatic seacoast trees, of which the one extending to
Australia has the widest range.

.l. H. littoralis, 4it.; DC. Prod. i. 484. A tree, attaining a con-
siderable size. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oval or oblong, the larger ones
fully 8 in. by 4, but often much smaller, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous
above, silvery underneath with a close scaly tomentum. Flowers small, nu-
merous, in loose tomentose panicles in the upper axils much shorter than the
leaves, Calyx about 2 lines long. Staminal column in the males, pistil in
the females, much shorter than the calyx. Fruit carpels sessile, ovoid, 2 to 3
1n. long, thick and almost woody, with a slightly projecting inner edge, and
a strong, projecting, almost winged keel along the outer edge.

Queensland. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham. Widely dispersed over the seacoasts of
tropical Asia,

4. HELICTERES, Linn.

(Methorium, Schott.)

Calyx tubular, 5-cleft at the top, often oblique. Petals 5, equal or the 2 upper
ones broader, the claws elongated, and all or two of them often with a lateral
appendage. Staminal column adnate to the gynophore, truncate at the
top, or more frequently bearing 5 teeth or small lobes (staminodia), with 1 or

Stipitate anthers between each, anther-cells divaricate, often confluent into
One. Ovary uearly sessile on the top of the staminal column, 5-lobed, 5-celled,
With several ovules in each cell. Styles 5, subulate, more or less connate,
slightly thickened and stigmatic at the top. Fruit-carpels distinct or separat-
Ing, opening along their inner edge, straight or spirally twisted. Seeds with
little albumen, cotyledons leafy, folded round the radicle.— Trees or shrubs,

232 XXII. STERCULIACE. [ Helicteres.

with stellate or branched tomentum. Leaves entire, serrate or obscurely
lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered. Bracteoles none or distant
from the calyx. Capsules usually tomentose, the clusters of tomentum often
forming long woolly processes. The appendages on the claws of the petals
appear to vary in different flowers of the same species.

A considerable genus, dispersed over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old
World, but chiefly American. Of the Australian species one is a common Asiatic one, the
two others endemic. The frequently unilocular anthers closely connect the genus with Mat-

vacee. The other characters are however more of Sterculiacee, and in some species the
anthers are distinctly bilocular.

Calyx $ in. long. Carpels spirally twisted . . . . . . . . . . 1. H. Isora.
Calyx not above 2 lines long. — Carpels straight.
BN obs. MEIN Las d nbi. E aul S avi 9. H. cana.

Leaves toothed, mostly acute . . . rw 00. . . 8. H. dentata.

l. H. Isora, Linn.; DC. Prod.i. 475. A shrub or small tree, with a
rather rough stellate pubescence. Leaves on short petioles, broadly obovate
or orbicular, often oblique, irregularly toothed or the lower ones obscurely
3-lobed, mostly about 4 in. long, scabrous above, more or less tomentose
underneath or sprinkled with short stellate hairs. Pedicels short, usually 2
or 3 together. Calyx 2 in. long or rather longer, obliquely and unequally
5-toothed. Petals red, twice as long as the calyx, 2 of them much broader `
than the 3 others. Anthers 10, on short filaments, alternating iu pairs -
with the linear staminodia round the ovary. Fruit about 1 in. long, on a
stalk of 1i to 2 in., slightly tomentose, the carpels spirally twisted.— Wight,
Ic. t. 180; Bot. Mag. t. 2061. :
N. Australia. Roper river, F. Mueller. Common in East India and the Archipelago.

2. H. cana, Benth. A shrub, densely clothed with a short, soft or velvety
whitish tomentum. Leaves on short petioles, oval or oval-oblong, obtuse,
1j to 24 in. long, entire-or very obscurely toothed towards the top. Flowers
small, in very short axillary sessile cymes or clusters. Calyx about 2 lines
long, with short acute teeth. Petals not twice as long, nearly equal or the
upper ones rather broader. Anthers 10, small, the filaments rather long, al-
ternating in pairs with the shorter ovate, very thin and transparent stami-
nodia. Fruit ovoid, under 2 in. long, on a stalk of about 2 lines, loosely
wo-lly, the carpels straight.—Methorium canum, Schott, Meletem. 29, t. 8 ;
M. integrifolium, F. Muell. Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. iii. 40.

DW. Australia. Brunswick Ba and York Sound, 4. ingham ; U r Victoria
river, F. Mueller. y o! ound, A. Cunningham; Uppe

3. H. dentata, F. Muell. Herb. Apparently a small shrub or under-
shrub, the slender branches, inflorescence, and under side of the leaves

whitish with a close stellate tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, from orbi-

cular to ovate or oblong-elliptical, rather acute, "rely exceeding 1 in., more

or less toothed, greener and less tomentose above than underneath. Flowers
pink or purple, rather smaller, more numerous, and in looser cymes than m
H. cana. Calyx rarely attaining 2 lines.

alyx Petals and stamens as in H. cana,
but the staminodia much shorter and broader, and exceedingly delicate. Fruit
small, with straight carpels. ;

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F, Muelter.

Helicteres. XXII. STERCULIACER. 233

Var. procumbens. Branches procumbent, $ to 2 ft. loug; tomentum looser; leaves
smaller and rounder, velvety-villous on the upper side; staminodia longer. Macadam range,
F. Mueller.
| Var. (?) flagellaris. Branches prostrate, 1 to 2 ft. long; leaves nearly sessile, cordate or
Š orbicular, 1 to 14 in. long; cymes on long slender peduncles. Port Essington, Armstrong.

5. PTEROSPERMUM, Schreb.

Bracteoles 8, entire or laciniate, sometimes very deciduous, or perhaps
none. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals 5, often very long, deci-
duous. Staminal column adnate to the gynophore, divided at the top into
5 linear-clavate staminodia, with 3 stipitate anthers between each; anther-
cells linear, parallel. | Ovary sessile in the top of the column, 5-celled with
several ovules in each cell. Style undivided, club-shaped, and 5-furrowed
at the top. Capsule woody or coriaceous, ovoid or oblong, terete or angular,
opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds ascending, produced into a wing at
the top; albumen little or none; cotyledons wrinkled or folded ; radicle in-
ferior, rather long.—Trees or shrubs, clothed with a stellate tomentum or
seurfy scales. Leaves coriaceous, often oblique, entire, cuneate-toothed or
angled at the upper end, penninerved or several-nerved at the base. Peduncles
short, axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers often several inches long.

The genus is limited to East India und the Archipelago, the Australian species being pro-

> " bably the same as one of the Asiatic ones.
E l. P. acerifolium, Villd.; IF and Arn. Prod. 69? I have seen a
E fragment only in very young bud, which agrees with this species in the very
: angular rusty-tomentose young calyx, and in the bracteoles divided into nar-
row-linear lobes, and falling off at a very early stage. There are 3 leaves
only, the largest is, as in P. acerifolium, coriaceous, broad at the end, cordate
at the base, nearly glabrous above, tomentose underneath, with about 11
prominent nerves radiating from the petiole; but it is much narrower than
usual in that species, measuring 9 in. by 4. The 2 others are as yet not
half developed, but are broader in proportion, and although the specimen is
‘sufficient for identification, it shows no character to separate it from
P acerifolium.—NWight, Ic. t. 631.

N.S. Wales. Illawarra? Vernon (Herb. F. Mueller).

6. MELHANIA, Forsk.

Bracteoles 8, persistent. Calyx divided almost to the base into 5 seg-
ments, Petals 5, persistent. Staminal cup very short, bearing 5 ligulate
Staminodia, and 5 stipitate anthers alternating with them, the anther-cells
Parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled with 1 or more ovules in each cell. Style
Usually short, with 5 subulate branches, stigmatic along the inner side. Cap-
sule opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds with albumen; cotyledons
olded, 2-cleft ; radicle inferior.— Herbs, undershrubs, or small shrubs, softly
tomentose. Leaves ovate or cordate, serrate-crenate. Peduncles axillary,
l- or few-flowered. Bracteoles often exceeding the calyx. Ge t
_ The genus extends over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, but is mos
abus ^ S Aber. Tue pest ci hes is i des as an Indian one. The habit is
E of some Malvaceae.

AL.

234 XXII. STERCULIACEJE. (Melania.

1. M. incana, Heyne; W: and Arn. Prod. 68. A rather slender shrub
of 1 or several ft., hoary or white except the upper side of the leaves with a
close or velvety tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or ovate-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, scarcely toothed, 1 to 2 or even 3 in. long, tomentose on both
sides, or nearly glabrous above. Peduncles bearing 1, 2 or rarely 3 or 4
flowers, the pedicels very short. Bracteoles narrow-linear or subulate, rather
shorter than the calyx. Sepals lanceolate-subulate, tomentose, about 4 to 6
lines long. Petals rather longer, broad, yellow. Staminodia linear, often 3
lines long; anthers shorter, linear, on short filaments. Style elongated.
Capsule tomentose, shorter than the calyx, with 2 or 3 seeds in each cell.—
M. oblongifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 69.

N. Australia. York Sound, Cygnet Bay, and Dampier's Archipelago, 4. Cunning-
ham ; Upper Victoria river and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpen-
taria, R. Brown ; Albert river, Henne.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Rockhampton and Burdekin rivers, F. Muel-
ler ; Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

The species is also found in the East Indian peninsula, and a slight variety or closely
allied species in tropical Africa.

7. MELOCHIA, Linn.
(Riedleia, Vent.)

Calyx 5-lobed or 5-toothed, campanutate or inflated. Petals 5, spathulate
or oblong. Stamens 5, united at the base, without any or with very minute
tooth-like intervening staminodia; anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile or
shortly stipitate, 5-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, styles 5, free, or united
at the base, often thickened at the stigmatic top. Capsule opening locu-
licidally in 5 or fewer valves, some of the cells occasionally abortive. Seeds
usually solitary in each cell, ascending, with more or less of albumen; em-
bryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, the stel-
late tomentum occasionally mixed with spreading hairs. Leaves serrate.
Flowers small, axillary or terminal, clustered or in cymes or panicles.

A large genus, dispersed over the warmer regions of the globe, the herbaceous and suffru-
ticose species chiefly American. The two Australian species are both herbaceous ; one be-
longs to the American series, the other is Asiatic.

Capsule very angular, pyramidal, much longer than the calyx . . . 1. M. pyramidata.
Capsule anus cubic s m Él d EE r SOLE * pa dee

L M. pyramidata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 490. Herbaceous, with a hard
almost woody base, although sometimes annual only. Branches slender,
divaricate, often 2 or 3 ft. long, slightly pubescent in a decurrent line or all
over. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, or the lower ones ovate, the larger ones
1 to 2 in. long, serrate, usually glabrous. Flowers small, purplish, 2 to 4
together in little almost sessile axillary umbels. Calyx 10-ribbed. Petals
about 2 lines long. Capsule 3 to 4 lines long, acuminate, the very prominent
angles produced into short horizontal points, giving each valve a rhomboidal,
and the whole capsule a pyramidal shape.—4A. Gray, Gen. DL t. 134.

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Wallace. e !

The species is very generally distributed over tropical Ameri d also in E. -
Abi ihe Mandine, and the Pace desde. d trees i ooa

USER ET IRIS NIRE n, T TERRENCE:

Melochia.] XXII. STERCULIACER. 225

2. M. corchorifolia, Linn. Spec. 944. Herbaceous, with the habit of
M. pyramidata, but usually more erect, glabrous or with slightly pubescent de-
current lines. Leaves petiolate, from broadly ovate to lanceolate, mostly 1 to
2 in. long, serrate or crenate, glabrous. Flowers small, purplish, nearly sessile
in clusters, usually several together in a broad, terminal, sessile cyme, rarely
a few smaller clusters in the upper axils. Calyx 5-angled. Petals about
2 lines long. Capsule small, depressed-globular, with scarcely prominent
angles, sprinkled with a few hairs, the valves very rarely splitting septicidally.
—Riedleia corchorifolia, DC. Prod. i. 491; W. and Arn. Prod, i. 66.

Tn Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Sturt's Creek and Macadam range, F.

“ewer,

The species is common in E. India, and includes M. concatenata, Linn., and M. supina,
Liun., with all the synonyms referred to these plauts respectively by Wight and Arnott (l. e
under Riedieia). Some of the Australian specimens are much starved, with small, occa-
sionally axillary, heads of flowers, apparently approaching M. nodiflora, Sw., another wide-
spread tropical species, whieh however not only has all the flowers in axillary clusters, but
the capsule is much more deeply furrowed, aud usually septicidal as well as loculicidal, the
carpels often entirely separating.

8. DICARPIDIUM, F. Muell.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals oblong-spathulate, persistent. Stamens 5, very
shortly united at the base, without intervening staminodia, anther-cells
parallel. Ovary sessile, 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell; styles 2, dis-
tinct, thickened upwards. Fruit-carpels separating, 2-valved, with 1 or 2
seeds in each. Seeds ascending ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, with flat
eotyledons.—An undershrub, with the habit of Waltheria, from which the
genus only differs in the carpels, tiyo instead of one. The flowers are also
ra Or less unisexual, but that 1s perhaps sometimes the case in Wal-

ria.

The genus is limited to the single Australian species.

iD. monoicum, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 302. An under-
shrub of 1 to 2 ft., hirsute all over with rigid stellate hairs, the. branches
rather slender, diffuse or erect. Leaves nearly sessile, oblong, mostly about
l in. long, toothed, plicate, and densely hirsute. Flowers small, almost
sessile, solitary, or 2 or 3 together in the upper axils, each within a bract and
2 bracteoles, the males with small carpels and short styles, the ovules, although.
apparently perfect, not setting ; the female flowers rather smaller, with smaller
anthers, but perfecting their fruit. Carpels small, tomentose.

N. Australia. Macarthur river and Seven Emu creek, F. Mueller.

9. WALTHERIA, Linn.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, spathulate, persistent. Stamens 5, united at
the base, without intervening staminodia; anther-cells parallel. Ovary
Sessile, consisting of a single 1-locular, 2-ovulate carpel, style excentrical,
thickened or fringed upwards, Capsule 2-valved, l-seeded. Seed ascend-
ing, albumen fleshy; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.—Herbs, undershrubs,
or rarely trees, the stellate tomentum usually mixed with spreading hairs.

236 XXII. STERCULIACES. [Waltheria.

Leaves serrate. Stipules narrow. Flowers usually small, axillary or terminal
in clusters, heads, cymes, or panicles.

The species are mostly American, two are African, and two from the Pacific islands. The

Australian species is one which is very generally dispersed over the tropical regions of both
the-Old World and the New.

1. W. americana, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 492. A perennial or under-
shrub, 1 to 2 ft. or more high, densely tomentose or softly villous in every
part. Leaves shortly petiolate, from ovate to oblong, 1 to 14 in. long, obtuse,
toothed and plicately veined. Flowers small, yellow, in dense heads, almost
sessile in the axils of the leaves, or the upper ones clustered in a short spike,
or irregularly collected into dense cymes or leafy corymbs. Bracts narrow.
Calyx 13 to 2 lines long. Petals nearly twice as long, narrow.—/. indica,
Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 493. ,

N. Australia. Cambridge Gulf, A. -Cunningham ; Victoria river and Arnhem's Land,
F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Landsborough.

Queensland. Cape Flinders, 4. Cunningham; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

The species is common within or near the tropics all round the globe.

10. ABROMA, Jacq.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, the claw dilated and concave at the base, the
lamina stipitate, ovate, plane. Staminal cup with 5 obcordate lobes (stamt-
nodia) alternating with the petals, anthers 2 to 4 in each sinus, nearly sessile,
with divaricate cells. Ovary sessile, 5-celled with several ovules in each cell ;
styles 5, short, connivent. Capsule membranous, truncate, 5-angled, the
angles winged and produced at the top into as many horn-like points, open-
ing at the top loculicidally and septicidally. Seeds several, albuminous;
embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Tall shrubs or small trees, with stel-
late pubescence. Leaves entire or palmately lobed. Peduncles leaf-opposed `
or terminal, few-flowered. Dissepiments of the capsule fringed at the inner
edge with long hairs.

a A genus of two or three species from tropical Asia, one of them the same as the Austra-
Jan one, +

l. A. fastuosa, R. Br.; DC. Prod. i. 485. A tall shrub, the branches
softly pubescent, and bearing a few minute conical prickles. Leaves shortly
petiolate, obliquely cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, undivided,
slightly sinuate-toothed, nearly glabrous above, softly pubescent underneath.
Peduneles very much shorter than the leaves, bearing a cluster of 3 to 5
shortly pedicellate flowers, one only usually fertile. Bracts linear, deciduous.
Sepals narrow-lanceolate, about 4 in. long. Petals rather exceeding them,
the broadly ovate lamina supported above the coneave base by a filiform stipes.
Capsule hirsute with a few rigid hairs, or at length glabrous, 1} in. long, -
the wings of the angles nearly 4 in. broad, besides the long incurved points
of their upper angle. Seeds 10 to 12 in each cell. Geen. Fr. i. t. 64;
Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 102.

Queensland. Endeavour river, R. Brown (Hb. R, Br.).

The species is widely distributed over the Eastern Archipelago.

KL?

XXII. STERCULIACER. 237

1l. RULINGIA, R. Br.
(Achilleopsis, Zurez.)

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, broad and concave or convolute at the base,
with a small, broad, or linear ligula at the top. Stamens shortly or scarcely
connate at the base, 5 without anthers (staminodia), linear-lanceolate and
petal-like, alternate with the petals and connivent or spreading; 5 short, op-
posite the petals, and perfect, the anther-cells parallel. Ovary sessile, 5-celled
with 2 or rarely 3 ovules in each cell, styles connate, at least at the top, or
rarely quite free. Capsule tomentose or beset with prickles or soft setze,
opeuing loculicidally in valves, or the carpels separating. Seeds 1 or 2 in
each cell or carpel, ascending, usually strophiolate. Albumen fleshy; coty-
ledons flat.—Shrubs or undershrubs, with stellate tomentum or hairs. Leaves
entire, toothed, or lobed. Stipules narrow, deciduous, the upper ones often

ciniate. Flowers mostly white, small, in leaf-opposed or terminal, rarely
axillary cymes. Petals shorter than the calyx. Strophiola of the seeds small,
variable in shape in the same species.

The genus is confined to Australia, with the exception of one Madagascar species.

A, Leaves of the flowering branches or their lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly

above l and often 2 or 8 in. long, entire or serrate, not undulate, crenate or crisped. Cap-
sule loculicidal.

. leaves or their lobes quite entire, softly hoary-tomentose . . . L R. salvifolia,

ves or their lobes serrate, velvety or hirsute, at least underneath.
Capsule scarcely dehiscent, nearly glabrous, with rigid prickly

NET uu. uv aie DEE Be Re ee i ou BR pannosa.
Capsule dehiscent, tomentose with soft pubescent sete . . . 3. R. rugosa.

B. Leaves ovate or oblong, irregularly crenate or lobed, often undulate or crisped,
mostly above 1 in. and often 2 or 3 in. long. Calyx very prominently angled in the bud
(except R. loxophylla). ` Capsule loculicidal and often septicidal also.

Buds obtuse.
Petals gibbous at the base, abruptly ligulate. Leaves glabrous
or pubescent above. ES
Calyx-lobes erect or connivent. Leaves large, little lobed. . 4. R. corylifolia.
oe rounded, very spreading. Leaves smaller, much-
MR ik x eS ocu Ge eee ee ees

Petals not gibbous, tapering into a short linear ligula. Leaves

little-lobed, Hopry-tomeuwee . o. wk oo ue te n 3
Petals not gibbous. Ligula short, oblong-spathulate. Leaves
Ng tensity velvety e o a a S. e
Buds acute. Petals tapering into a slender ligula about as long
as the calyx, Leaves much-lobed, often crisped, nearly glabrous :

"iMMEMON. . 6. o ouo ooo. 78. Be malsafolla.

C. Leaves (ezcept R. loxophylla) erenate, more or less undulate, and crisped or bullate,
but little lobed, and rarely exceeding 1 in. Buds small, scarcely angular, Capsule locu-

licidal, sometimes also septicidal, or the carpels separating.

Cymes pedunculate. Leaves glabrous or scabrous above.
ds acute, Liguleslong and slender .*. . . .

7. R. platycalyz.

. R. grandiflora.

or

10. R. loxophylla.

6. R. malvefolia.

Buds obtuse,
Leaves narrow-oblong and crenate, or, when luxuriant, ovate- T
lanceolate and slightly lobed . . . . . . A R. hermanniefolia.

Leaves mostly ovate and lobed. ; :
pues about 3 lines diameter. Petals not gibbous at the

^ D D

8. R. parviflora,

238 XXII. STERCULIACEA. [Rulingia.

Calyx 5 or 6 lines diameter, lobes very broad. Petals gib-
ege Dus. gee geek) e
Cymes sessile or nearly so. Leaves hoary-tomentose or velvety on
both sides.
Leaves very oblique, densely velvety, $ to 2 in. Ligules of the
petals shortlyoblong . . . . . . 1. 1 s. s . 10. R. lozophylla.
Leaves small, hoary-tomentose. »
Ligules linear, rather broad. Leaves} to ] in.. . . . . ll. R. cuneata.
Ligules obovate or spathulate. Leaves under à in.. . . . 12. R. rotundifolia.

D. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers in dense terminal corymbose
cymes. Carpels separating, crested on the back. (&chilleopsis,
RR Ee e e et de, Ma REM

7. R. platycalyx.

1. R. salvifolia, Benth. An apparently erect shrub, clothed with a soft
but dense and close whitish tomentum. Leaves on very short petioles, lan-
ceolate or lancevlate-linear, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or deeply divided into 3
lanceolate lobes, the middle one the longest, all quite entire and softly to-
mentose on both sides, especially underneath. Cymes’ pedunculate, but
shorter than the leaves. Calyx spreading, about 3 lines diameter. Ligula
of the petals linear, usually pubescent. Stamens very shortly united. Fruit
rk nero (?) salvifolia, A. Cunn. Herb. ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. n.

Queensland. Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham ; Minto's Craig, Fraser.

2. R. pannosa, R. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 2191. A shrub of several feet,
but flowering young so as to appear an undershrub, softly hirsute with velvety
stellate hairs. Leaves on the full-grown plant shortly petiolate, ovate-lan-
ceolate or lanceolate, mostly 2 to 3 in. or sometimes longer, toothed, rounded
or cordate at the base, scabrous-pubescent above, with impressed veins,
densely velvety or hirsute underneath; on the younger plants they are
broader and often 3 or 5-lobed. Cymes shortly pedunculate. Calyx tomen-
tose, spreading to 3 or 4 lines diameter. Ligula of the petals linear, rather
short. Staminodia pubescent, united with the perfect stamens higher up
than in most species. Ovary glabrous, granulate. Capsule nearly glabrous,
globular, hard and almost indehiscent, beset with rigid subulate bristles, gla-
brous except a stellate tuft at the tip.— Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 351; F
Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 150; Commersonia dasyphylla, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 603;
Buettneria dasyphylla, J. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 486, and in Mem. Mus. Par. x.
200, t. 12; B. pannosa, DC. Prod. i. 486.

d. Glasshouses, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. $17, and FI. Miat. n. 546, and
others ; northward to Clarence and Hastings rivers yr yg wE d, C. Stuart ;
southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. B , Beckler ; and New England,

Victoria. Amongst granite boulders in the Buffalo range, and near Mount Imlay, F,
Mueller.

3. R. rugosa, Sleetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 352. A shrub, so closely resem-
bling R. pannosa in indumentum, foliage, and apparently in flowers, that it is
difficult to distinguish it without the fruit. Leaves usually narrower, more
rugose, and almost bullate. Flowers (which 1 have only seen very young)
fewer in the cymes. Ovary tomentose. Capsule about 4 lines diameter
without the sete, not so hard as in Z^. pamaosa and readily dehiscent, beset

Rulingia.] XXII. STERCULIACES, 239

with soft pubescent sete, which are long in Cunningham’s specimens, shorter
in Stuart's,

N.S. Wales. Wellington Valley and to the westward, 4. Cunningham ; New Eng-
land, C. Stuart.

4. R. corylifolia, Go. i» Bot. Mag. t. 3182., An erect shrub,
roughly tomentose-villous with stellate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, 2 to 3
in. long, irregularly toothed or broadly lobed, wrinkled, green and roughly
pubescent above, more densely tomentose-villous or pubescent underneath.
Cymes dense and sessile, forming dense terminal leafy corymbs. Bracts and
stipules lanceolate. Calyx prominently 5-angled, villous, deeply lobed, the
segments about 4 lines long, erect or connivent. Petals gibbous at the base,
the margins of the erect broad part involute, but not united above their
attachment as represented by mistake in the plate, the ligula linear, rather
short. Stamens shortly united. Ovary prominently 5-angled, styles quite
distinct. Capsule depressed-globular, 5-furrowed, covered with rigid stellate
hairs, deeply loculicidal and sometimes septicidal also.—Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
u. 358; Commersonia Preissii, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 237. à

w. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Drummond,
Preiss, n. 1652, and others ; Leschenault, Oldfield.

5. R. grandiflora, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 12. A shrub or undershrub
of 2 or 3 ft., clothed with a whitish, close or velvety tomentum. Leaves
broadly or narrow-ovate, obtuse, mostly 13 to 2 in. long, irregularly toothed
or slightly lobed, tomentose on both sides but whiter underneath. Cymes

ense and nearly sessile, but not so much so as in R. corylifolia. Calyx pro-
minently angled, scarcely spreading, tomentose. Petals concave at the base,
but not gibbous, more gradually narrowed into the ligula than in most species.
Staminodia and stamens very short. Capsule globose, longer than the calyx,
4 to 5 lines diameter, densely hirsute with stellate hairs borne on very short
setæ, the cells or carpels usually 2-seeded.—Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 355 ;
R. altheafolia, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 151; Commersonia cinerea,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 238. S
LM Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies, Huegel, Drummond, n. 268, ete.

‘rongerup ranges and road to Cape Riche, Mazwell, Preiss, n. 1664.

6. R. malveefolia, Siet: in Pl. Preiss. ii. 356. A low diffuse or
ascending shrub or undershrub, resembling R. platycalyx and the larger spe-
cimens of R. parviflora, but readily known by the calyx and petals. Leaves
ovate or rarely oblong, obtuse, 2 to 14 in. or even 2 in. long, mostly 3- or
5-lobed, the lateral lobes short, all coarsely erenate or obtusely lobed and
often undulate or crisped, glabrous or pubescent above, more or less hirsute
underneath as well as the branches. Cymes shortly pedunculate. Buds
angular and rather acute. Calyx spreading to at least 4 lines diameter, the

“lobes very acute, hairy outside especially at the base. Petals with a very
short broad base, tapering into a very narrow ligula nearly or quite as long as
the caly x. Capsule rather large, beset with long glandular-hairy setae.— Com-
mersonia cygnorum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 237. .

Ser Australia. Swan River, and to the northward, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1642;

King George's Sound, Menzies, Oldfield (a narrow-leaved variety).

240 XXII. STERCULIACEJE. [Rulingia.

7. R. platycalyx, Benth. Shrubby and apparently diffuse, the branches
hirsute-tomentose with rigid stellate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, mostly
under 1 in. long and deeply 3-lobed, the lobes crenate or almost pinnatifid,
undulate and often crisped, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent above, tomentose
and hirsute underneath. Cymes pedunculate. Buds obtuse, slightly angular.
Calyx spreading tb 5 or 6 lines diameter, the lobes broad and very obtuse.
Petals gibbous at the base, almost as in R. corylifolia, the ligula linear, rather
short. Capsule densely beset with short hirsute setze, but not seen fully
ripe.

WV. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 269.

8. R. parviflora, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 12. A low shrub or under-
shrub, with prostrate or ascending branches of À to 14 ft., the young ones
hirsute with stellate hairs. Leaves very shortly petiolate, ovate ot ovate-
lanceolate, obiuse, rarely 1 in. long, deeply crenate and mostly lobed, with
undulate often crisped margins, glabrous or nearly so above, tomentose or
hirsute underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate. Buds small, obtuse,
.searcely angular. Calyx spreading to about 3 lines, hirsute outside especially
at the base, the lobes obtuse. Petals broad and very open at the base, with a
rather long ligula, yet much shorter than in R. malvefolia. Capsule about 2
lines diameter, slightly hirsute, with stellate hairs on very short setæ.—
Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 356; R. corylifolia, Steud. in PI. Preiss. i. 237, not
Grah. ; R. nana, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 150. 7

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies, Huegel, Drummond, n. 210, Preis,
n. 1650, and others. “Readily distinguished from the last two, of which it has nearly the
foliage, by the calyx and petals; it is much more nearly allied in character to the eastern
R. herinanniefolia, from which the chief differences consist in habit and foliage difficult to
describe in words. ;

9. R. hermannizfolia, Stectz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 353. A shrub, often
of several ft., with slender but rigid divaricate branches, hirsute when young
but soon nearly glabrous. Leaves in most specimens narrow-oblong and not
above 3 in. long, in more luxuriant ones often ovate-lanceolate, or with short
broad basal lobes, always obtuse, crenate, much wrinkled with revolute mar-
gins of a firm consistence, at length glabrous above, white-tomentose under-
neath. In young plants the leaves are often broader and more lobed. Cymes
shortly pedunculate. Buds small, obtuse, scarcely angular. Calyx tomentose,
opening to nearly 3 lines diameter. Petals broad and open at the base, the
ligula linear, rather short. Capsule 2 or rarely 3 lines diameter, pubescent
and densely beset with very short hirsute setæ —Buettneria hermanniafolia,
J. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 486, and Mem. Mus. Par. x. 204, t. 13; Rulingia
eristifolia, A. Cunn. Herb., (usually miswritten cistifolia) ; Steetz, in H
Preiss. ii. 354; R. oblongifolia, Steetz, Le 353; Lasiopetalum dumosum,
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1564. ;

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Backhouse, and others; Hunters River,
Paterson, A. Cunningham.

10. R. loxophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 68. An erect shrub of 14 ft-
densely velvety tomentose, almost hirsute. Leaves obliquely ovate or cordate,

obtuse, $ to 2 in. long, crenate, soft and thick, the tomentum rather harsh on
the upper side, very dense and whitish underneath. Cymes small, sessile oF

Fe ee ee S 7

Rulingia.) XXII. STERCULIACEJ. 241

nearly so. Calyx tomentose inside and out, spreading to about 2 lines dia-
meter, the lobes acute. Petals broad, concave, with an oblong rather short
ligula. Staminodia glabrous, Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Table land between Victoria river and Hooker’s and Sturt’s Creeks,
F. Mueller.

1l. R. cuneata, Twrcz. in. Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 151. A low shrub or
undershrub, with prostrate or ascending branches of 3 to 2 ft. or rather more,
whitish with a close tomentum without spreading hairs. Leaves petiolate,
from obovate to nearly orbicular, $ to 1 in. long, very obtuse, irregularly and
coarsely crenate, and often undulate or crisped on the margin, whitish with a

. dose tomentum on both sides. Cymes small, nearly sessile. Calyx tomen-

tose, spreading to nearly 3 lines diameter, the lobes obtuse. Petals broad
and expanding into involute lobes at the base, the ligula cuneate-oblong or
almost obovate, rather shorter than the calyx. Fruit not seen.

W. Australia. S. coast (P) Drummond, n. 61, 271, and 278; Fitzgerald river, Herd.
Mueller, Some larger-leaved specimens were described by Turezaninow (Bull. Mose. 1852,
H. 151), under the name of R. Jezamera, given to them probably from having examined an
abnormally hexamerous flower.

12. R. rotundifolia, Zurcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 152. Shrubby,
with elongated slender branches, tomentose when young, but soon becoming
glabrous. Leaves on short petioles, nearly orbicular, rarely 4 in. long, very
obtuse, erenate or rarely lobed, undulate or crisped on the margin, whitish-
tomentose on both sides, especially underneath. Cymes nearly sessile.
Flowers the smallest of the genus, when expanded scarcely measuring above
2 lines diameter. Calyx tomentose, with obtuse lobes. Petals very concave,
but not gibbous or saccate at the base, the ligula linear, rather broad and
nearly as long as the calyx. Stamens almost free. Carpels of the ovary

ost free. Fruit not seen. :

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 270; Fitzgerald river, Herd. Mueller.

13. R. densiflora, Benth. An erect shrub of several feet, densely
ute with stellate hairs. Leaves from ovate to linear, mostly lanceolate,
l to 2 in. long, pinnatifid, the lobes short, obtuse, and coarsely crenate, or
longer and again lobed, very rugose and convex, almost bullate, scabrous or
Ispid above, white-tomentose or hirsute underneath. Flowers numerous,
White, crowded in a terminal compound corymbose cyme, often many inches
m diameter. Calyx spreading to about 6 lines diameter, with petal-like,
rather acute, softly pubescent lobes. Petals with a broad concave base, often
Produced into shortly involute lateral lobes, the ligula linear but very short.
tamens nearly or quite free; staminodia pubescent. Fruit-carpels quite
separating, keeled and crested on the back, 1-seeded.—Achilleopsis densiflora,
wrez. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 10.

W. Australia. Murchison river and Wangan hills, Drummond, n. 100, 38, Oldfield
aud others,

D

12. COMMERSONIA, For:t.

Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, broad and concave at the base, with a small
toad or linear ligula at the top.” Stamens united in a short cup at the base,

5 perfect with short filaments opposite the petals, alternating with staminodia
YOR. x. R

242 XXII. STERCULIACE®. [ Commersonia.

jn threes, the central one of each three lanceolate or spathulate, the lateral `
"ones linear or spathulate, attached at the base either to the central one or to
the adjoining anther-bearing filament. Ovary sessile, 5-celled, with 2 to 6
ovules in each cell; styles distinct or united at least at the top. Capsule

beset with soft pubescent sete, opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds d

usually 2 or 3, ascending, with a small strophiola ; albumen fleshy ; cotyle- .
dons flat—— Trees or shrubs, with stellate tomentum or hairs. Leaves
toothed or lobed, often oblique. Flowers small, in terminal, leaf-opposed,
or axillary cymes.

The species are all Australian, one is also widely dispersed over Eastern India, the Archi-
pelago and Pacific islands, the others are endemic.

Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly above 3 in. long, acuminate.
Ligula of the petals linear or oblong.
Staminodia all linear-spathulate, elongated, the lateral ones attached
tö ihe conti 7 1s 31-4 or xdi y (p p
Central staminodia lanceolate, lateral ones filiform.
Lateral staminodia attaehed to the central one. Ligula of the
petals oblong, rather short. ask e como Sos
Lateral staminodia attached to the anther-bearing filaments. j
Ligula of the petals long aud linear. . . . . . . . . 9. C. echinata.
Small shrubs. Leaves obtuse, undulate and crenate, usually small.
Ligula of the petals short and broad.
Lateral staminodia attached to the anther-bearing filaments. Leaves : s
very unequally cordate. . . . . <. oa o e « A C. Gaudichaudi.
Lateral staminodia (very small) attached to the central lanceolate
one. Leaves equal at the base.

1. C. Fraseri.

.

9. C. Leichhardtii.

Calyx-lobes rather acute, Leaves much crisped . . . . . 5. C. crispa.
Calyx-lobes very obtuse, broad and white.
Leaves scabrous or tomentose, mostly 4 to l in. long . . . 6. C. pulchella.
Leaves glabrous above, rarely above 3 lines . . . . . 7. C. microphylla.

1. C. Fraseri, J. Guy, in Mem. Mus. Par. x. 215, t.15. A tall shrub, with
tomentose or hirsute branches. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 3 to 6 m.
long, irregularly toothed, often oblique at the base, glabrous or slightly pu-
bescent above, white-tomentose or softly hirsute underneath, the lower ones
in the young plants broad and 3- or 5-lobed. Cymes loosely dichotomous,
many-flowered, but shorter than the leaves. Calyx tomentose, fully 3 lines
diameter, the lobes acute. Petals with a very short broad concave base; the
ligula oblong-spathulate, nearly as long as the calyx. Staminodia linear-
spathulate, as long as the petals, the central one of each three rather broader
and lanceolate at the base, the lateral ones filiform at the base and shortly
adnate to the central one; anther-bearing filaments very short. Capsule

large, densely beset with soft villous sete.—Stectz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 3595
F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 148.

N. S. Wales. Banks of the Hawkesbury, R. Brown ; Port Jackson, Sieber, ?. 270, `

and others; northward to Hunter’s River, Praser, Beckler; southward to Jlawara, 4.
Cunningham ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Genoa river and valleys under Mount Imlay, F. Mueller. "The southern
form is very tomentose-hirsute, with rather larger flowers.

2. C. Leichhardtii, Benth. Probably a tall shrub, with the habit of
C. Fraseri ; branches densely velvety-tomentose or hispid. Leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate or cordate, 2 to 3 in. long in the specimens seen, unequally toothed,

Commersonia.} XXII. STERCULIACES, 243

rather harshly velvety-tomentose on both sides. Cymes nearly sessile, few-

flowered. Calyx very tomentose, spreading to about 5 lines diameter, the

lobes broad and acute. Petals with an oblong ligula much shorter than the

calyx. Central staminodium of each three lanceolate and fine- pointed, lateral

ones filiform, attached to it near the base. Anther-bearing filaments very

short. Ovary glabrous. F
Queensland. Head of Boyd river, Leichhardt, in Herb. F, Muell.

3. C. echinata, Forst.; DC. Prod. i. 486. A tall shrub or small tree,
the young branches and inflorescence whitish-tomentose. Leaves ovate or
cordate, acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long or even more, irregularly toothed or nearly
entire, often oblique at the base, glabrous or slightly tomentose above, more
densely whitish-tomentose underneath. Cymes pedunculate, many-flowered,

ut shorter than the leaves. Calyx tomentose, nearly 3 lines diameter, the
lobes acute. Petals with a very short concave broad base, the ligula narrow-
ear, nearly as long as the calyx. Central staminodium of each three lanceo-
late, pubescent, much shorter than the petals, lateral ones small, filiform, re-
curved, attached to the very short anther-bearing filaments. Anther-cells less
divaricate than in the other species. Capsule often } in. diameter, without
the long, soft, villous setze which cover it.
Queensland. Cape York, M‘Gillivray; Endeavour river, Banks; Pine river, Hill ;

Upper Brisbane river, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, where the uatives use the stony fibre of the bark for
kangaroo and fishing nets, Becker. gei

The species is widely spread over the Indian Archipelago and the Pacific islands. The
Australian whitish-tomentose form is like the original one described by Forster from the

acific; the more common one in the Archipelago, often distinguished as a species under
the name of (7 platyphylla, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 519 (as corrected under n. 603), Bot. Mag.
t. 1813, is very villous-tomentose, and has often larger and broader leaves.

4. C. Gaudichaudi, J. Gay, in DC. Prod. i. 486, and Mem. Mus. Par. x.
213,114. A low shrub, the young branches tomentose-hirsute. Leaves on very
short petioles, obliquely ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, $ to 1 in. long or
rather more, very unequally cordate at the base, the lower broad lobe some-

€s quite overlapping the short upper one, scabrous-pubescent or rarely

brous above, densely tomentose-hirsute and white underneath. Cymes
peduneulate, few-flowered. Calyx densely hirsute, spreading to about 3 lines
ameter. Petals broad with involute lobes at the base, the ligula very broad
and nearly as long as the calyx. Central staminodium of each three lanceolate,
the lateral ones filiform, uneinate, attached to the anther-bearing filaments.
Capsule densely covered with soft, hispid, almost golden setee.—Steetz, in n.
ISS. ji. 358.

Ww. Australia. Shark's Bay, Gaudichaud ; Dirk Hartog’s Island, A. Cunningham ;

wehison river, Drummond, Oldfield.

5. C. crispa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 501. A low shrub, with
elongated, perhaps procumbent branches, hispid with stellate hairs. Leaves
shortly petiolate, ovate, obovate or oblong, crenate or irregularly lobed, very
much undulate or crisped on the margin, glabrous or nearly so above, white-
tomentose and often hirsute underneath. Cymes nearly sessile, few-flowered.

yx tomentose-hirsnte, spreading to 4 or 5 lines diameter, the E rather
R

>

244 XXII, STERCULIACER. [Commersonia.

acute. Petals broad with involute lobes at the base, the ligula obovate ei
spathulate. Central staminodium of each three lanceolate, lateral ones attache d

to it, linear-filiform and recurved. Capsule densely covered with short, soft, - di

hirsute setae—Rulingia crispa, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 10. . Ex
ANE Australia, Drummond, n. 110.

6. C. pulchella, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 502. A low shrub or
undershrub, the upper branches scabrous-tomentose or hispid with rust-
coloured stellate hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong, 2 to 1 E
long, coarsely and obfusely sinuate-toothed or lobed, undulate or often epe
on the margin, glabrous or scabrous above, white-tomentose Wade
Cymes pedunculate, few-flowered. Calyx rusty-tomentose at the base, sprea `
ing to 4 or 5 lines diameter, the lobes petal-like, white (or pink ?), broad, vi
very obtuse. Petals with a cuneate concave base, and a short broad ligula.
Central staminodium of each three lanceolate, the lateral ones attached to it,
filiform and recurved. Fruit not seen —Rulingia pulchella, 'Vurez. m Bull.
Mosc. 1849, ii. 10.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 111, and Murchison river, 7. p

7. C. microphylla, Benth. Apparently a low shrub, with —
branches, tomentose when young. Leaves often clustered, very "T
petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, entire or sinuately lobed,
very convex, glabrous above, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes pedun-
culate, few-flowered. Calyx tomentose at the base, spreading to 3 or 4 Jines
diameter, the lobes petal-like, white, broad, and very obtuse. Petals with .
cuneate concave base, and a very short broad ligula. Central staminodium o
each three lanceolate, lateral ones attached to it, filiform and recurved as
in C. pulchella, but much smaller. Capsule about 4 lines diameter, villous
with short soft not crowded sete.

WV. Australia, Murchison river, Drummond, n. 98. This species has most of the

characters of C. pulchella, bat the foliage is too widely different to unite it without having
seen intermediate forms,

13. SERINGIA, J. Gay.

Calyx deeply 5-lobed, scarcely enlarged after flowering, and neither scarious `
nor coloured. Petals none. Stamens 5, alternate with the ealyx-lobes, 3
alternating with 5 subulate staminodia, and slightly united with them at the — —
base; anther-cells parallel, opening by dorsal slits. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 or
3 ovules in each cell; styles cohering at the summit or nearly from the base.
Fruit-carpels distinct, winged on the back, opening in 2 valves. pe
strophiolate, albuminous, embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Shrub, wit
the habit nearly of a Commersonia. Flowers in dense, terminal or leaf-
opposed cymes. Bracteoles none.

The genus is now limited to a single Australian species.

1. S. platyphylla, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 443, t. 16,17. A tall
shrub, with the habit nearly of Commersonia Fraseri, the young branches loosely
whitish- or rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
coarsely toothed, 3 to 4 or even 5 in. long, often oblique at the base, mnes
or sprinkled with minute stellate hairs above, densely tomentose underneath.

Seringia.] XXII. STERCULIACE.E. 245

Cymes rather dense and many-flowered, but much shorter than the leaves.”
Calyx angular in the bud, attaining, when fully out, about 2 lines in length.

Filaments and staminodia nearly similar, rather thick. Anthers oblong.

Carpels about as long as the calyx, densely pubescent, the short broad verti-

cal wing truncate at the top.—DC, Prod.1. 488; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. `

949; Lasiopetalum arborescens, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 36.

à N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; Hastings
river, Becker.

14. KERAUDRENIA, J. Gay.

- Calyx 5-lobed, enlarged and scarious or thin and coloured after flowering,
the midrib of each sepal usually thickened without lateral ribs. Petals none,
Or minute and scale-like. Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals, free or
shortly united at the base, with or without intervening staminodia, anther-
cells parallel, opening by dorsal slits. Ovary 3- to 5-celled, with 3 or more
ovules in each cell; styles cohering at the summit. Capsule membranous,
Villous or shortly setose, opening loculicidally, and usually separating into
distinct carpels. Seeds strophiolate, albuminous ; embryo straight or curved,
with flat eotyledons.—Shrubs more or less stellate-tomentose. Leaves entire
or sinuate-lobed. Stipules narrow, or small and deciduous. Cymes terminal
Or opposite the upper leaves, few-flowered. Bracteoles none.

Besides the Australian species, there is one other from Madagascar, which on a further
examination proves more nearly allied to Æ. lanceolata than had appeared to us when pre-
Paring the * Genera Plantarum.’ The genus has the anthers of Seringia and Hannafordia,
With the calyx nearly of 7homasia, and must include species, in which as in the Madagascar
one, the carpels do not appear to separate, as well as those in which they are quite distinct.

Braets narrow, Carpels several-seeded, not always separating, the
seeds nearly straight. Leaves mostly lanceolate, 1 to 3 in.
Leaves quite glabrous and smooth above. Capsule scarcely septicidal.
Leaves broad-lanceolate. Carpels angular, villous and setose. l. K. lanceolata.
ves narrow-lanceolate or linear. Carpels rounded on the eo
back, very villous, but not setose DE eei ee ri D :
ves very rugose and pubescent above. . . + + + 3. K. Hookertana.
Wer bracts broad scarious and coloured, very deciduous. Carpels
1-2-seeded, the seeds reniform. Leaves ovate or oblong.
ves thick and soft, very rugose, tomentose above, mostly 1 to
e EE Ad a cR
ves smooth or slightly rugose, mostly under 1 in.
aves undulate, crenate or crisped . ds
yes amie entire: 4: ob e

4. K. nephrosperma.

5. K. hermanniefolia.
6. K. integrifolia.

l. K. lanceolata, Benth. A tall shrub, the young branches rusty-
tomentose, Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 4 in. long, rather
thick, entire, glabrous above and smooth, or with the veins slightly impressed,
White-tomentose underneath. Cymes short, few-flowered, very tomentose.

racts narrow, deciduous. Calyx tomentose, spreading to 4 or 5 lines dia-
Meter, divided to about the middle, the midribs prominent and pubescent in-
Side, the lobes of the fruiting calyx attaining 3 or 4 lines or more. Petals
None. Filaments rather long, with slender staminodia intervening. Anthers
linear, Ovary 5-celled, hirsute. Capsule truncate at the top, fully j in.
diameter, scarcely septicidal, but distinctly furrowed between the carpels, each

246 XXII. STERCULIACER. [ Keraudrenia.

Carpel very angular on the edges, so as to make the capsule appear almost
10-winged, but it is so hispid and beset with short, soft, hirsute setze as
almost to disguise its form. Seeds, several in each cell, obovoid ; embryo
straight.—Seringia lanceolata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss, ii. 349.

Queensland. Port Bowen, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, also in Leichhardt's collection.

It is this species which is closely allied to one from Madagascar, which I had formerly re-
ferred to Thomasia, on account of its capsule not separating into distinct carpels.

2. K. Hillii, F. Muell. Herb. Very near to K. lanceolata, with the
same inflorescence and flowers. Leaves much narrower, linear-lanceolate or
linear, 14 to 3 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous without impressed veins above,
white-tomentose, and often sprinkled with rusty stellate hairs underneath.
Anther-bearing filaments scarcely dilated. Ovary of K. lanceolata. Capsule

not so large, very hirsute, but without prominent setze, furrowed between the

carpels, which are rounded on the back, and not angular. Seeds of K. lan-
ceolata:

Queensland. Glasshouses, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and W. Hill,
N.S. Wales. Port Macquarie and Port Stephens, Fraser.

3. K. Hookeriana, Walp. Ann. ii. 164. Branches rusty-tomentose
or hirsute. Leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate, 14 to 3 in. long, entire, green,
very rugose and velvety-pubescent above, densely white-tomentose under-
neath; the lower leaves or those of some branches often broader and shorter,
almost ovate. Cymes or racemes 2- to 4-flowered, terminal or opposite the
upper leaves, on very short peduncles, Bracts narrow, deciduous. Calyx
divided nearly to the base into acute lobes, 3 or 4 lines long when in flower,
5 or 6 when in fruit. Petals small and scale-like or none. Filaments short,
alternating with subulate staminodia. Anthers linear, much incurved. Ovary
5-celled, tomentose. Capsule very hirsute, 4 to 5 lines diameter, the carpels
distinct and separating, each opening in 2 valves. ^ Seeds several in each cell,
obovoid; embryo straight.—Seringia corollata, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 330;
Keraudrenia integrifolia, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr, 341, not Steud.;
K. Hookeri, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 28, 242.

WN. Australia. Arnhem's South Bay, R. Brown ; Nicholson river, F. Mueller.

d. Keppel Bay, & Brown; Suttor, Burnett, Upper Pine, and Brisbane

rivers, F. Mueller. On the Maranoa, and southward to Lindley’s range, Mitchell; Robin-
son's range, Leichhardt. ; x
The petals are certainly present in those Carpeutaria specimens which I have examined,
and as certainly wanting in the flowers I opened of the more southern specimens, and the
two are distinguished under different names in R. Brown's herbarium and notes, but I can
discover no other character whatever.

4. K. nephrosperma, Benth. A shrub, with the branches very
densely clothed with a soft, velvety, sometimes almost floecose tomentum.
Leaves ovate or oblong, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, sinuate or almost
lobed at the base, often slightly cordate, green, and minutely tomentose above,
densely white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Cymes very short, several-

flowered. Bracts ovate, membranous, very deciduous. ‘Calyx tomentose,

the lobes very broad and obtuse, attaining about 3 lines, very thin and
coloured. Filaments as long as the ovary, with subulate staminodia inter-
vening; anthers oblong. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit carpels separating, nearly

Keraudrenia.] XXII. STERCULIACEJ. 247

globular, very tomentose. Seeds 1 or 2 in each, globose, reniform.—Seringia
nephrosperma, Y. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 15.

N. Australia. Desert at the sources of Victoria river, Sturt’s and Hooker's Creeks,
E Mueller ; ¥orster’s Range, M‘Douall Stuart.

5. K. hermanniefolia, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 462, ¢. 23.
A small rigid shrub, the branches tomentose or hirsute with white or rust-
coloured stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, rarely
above 1 iu. loug, and often much smaller, mostly sinuate-crenate or undulate
and crisped on the margin, glabrous or sprinkled with short, rigid, stellate
hairs above, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes loosely several-flowered,
almost sessile. Bracts ovate and very thin, but very deciduous. Calyx
tomentose, the lobes broad, rather acute, attaining from 3 to near 6 lines,
thin and coloured. Filaments dilated at the base, almost free, with 1 or 2,
or without any intervening staminodia. Anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 3-
to 5-celled, with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell. Capsule often reduced te 1 or
2 carpels, with 1 or 2 reniform-globose seeds.—DC. Prod. i. 490; Steetz, in

Preiss. ii. 846; K. microphylla, Steetz, Le, 347; Seringia microphylla,
F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 5.
, W. Australia, Sharks Bay, Gaudichaud ; Swan River, and northward to Murchison
niver and Champion Bay, Drummond, Collie, Oldfield, ete.

6. K. integrifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 236, and Steetz, l. c. ii, 847.
À small much-branched shrub, the young shoots white or rusty with a close
tomentum. Leaves petiolate, oblong, very obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, entire,
glabrous or nearly so above, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes rather
loose, several-flowered. Bracts ovate, thin and very deciduous. Calyx to-
mentose; lobes broad, rather acute, attaining 3 or 4 lines under the fruit, or
Sometimes more. Filaments dilated and shortly connate at the base, recurved
at the top, without any or rarely with 1 or 2 intervening staminodia. Ovary
5-lobed, with about 4 ovules in each. Capsule globular, softly villous ; carpels
l- or 2-seeded, not very readily separating.—Seringia integrifolia, F. Muell.

ragm. ii. 5.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1051 ; S.W. coast, Maxwell.

Var. velutina. Leaves rather larger, minutely velvety-tomentose above, densely tomen-
lose underneath. Flowers larger, filaments longer.—K, velutina, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii.

8; Seringia velutina, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 5; S. grandiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 142.
To this belong Drummond's specimens, n. 109, and Maxwell's, from East Mount Barren.
e d de Str by Steetz, rep I have not seen, was gathered by Roe, between

ver a Çi ` 5

Actinostigna iech angr Bull. Mose. 1859, i. 259, from ‘ New Holland, Brog-
den,’ is described as closely resembling K. Zanceolata in habit, foliage, and most of the cha-
arsine but with axillary, not leaf-opposed inflorescence, 10 stamens all perfect ia Pe
ovulate carpels, the styles connate, with 5 radiating stigmas. I am quite una dub

ntify any Lasiopetalous plant with this description. It may belong to some very diffe-
rent Natural Order, possibly Rutacee.

. 15. HANNAFORDIA, F. Muell.

, Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat enlarged after flowering, with prominent raised
105, 3 to each sepal, besides those connecting the sepals. Petals 5, lanceo-
ate, slightly concave, shorter than the calyx, Stamens 5, opposite the petals ;

Staminodia 3 or fewer between each 9 stamens, linear-subulate, all slightly

248 XXII, STERCULIACER, (.Hannafordia, |

connected in a ring at the base; anther-cells parallel, opening by dorsal slits. —
Ovary 3- or 4-celled, with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell. Style simple. Capsule S {
hard, almost woody, opening loculicidally in 3 or 4 valves. Seeds strophio- `
late, albuminous; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Shrub, with the
habit of a Thomasia, but without stipules. Bracteoles 3, persistent.

The genus is limited to a single species. It has the anthers of Keraudrenia and Seringia,
with the calyx nearly of Guichenotia.

l. H. quadrivalvis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 9. A much-branched shrub
of 3 or 4 ft., densely clothed with a soft velvety tomentum, often rusty on
the young shoots. Leaves on rather long petioles, obliquely ovate-cordate,
obtuse, 1 to 23 in. long, coarsely sinuate-toothed or broadly lobed, thick and
soft. Cymes leaf-opposed, short, and few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, much
shorter than the calyx. Calyx about 4 in. long, divided to below the middle
into narrow acuminate lobes. Petals about as long as the calyx-tube, but
variable. Staminodia in Mueller's specimens 3 between each 2 stamens,
but in one of Douglas’s I formerly examined I found them singly alter-
nating with the stamens. Capsule shorter than the calyx, most frequently
4-celled, but often also 3-celled.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield, Drummond, n. 100.

16. THOMASIA, J. Gay.
(Leucothamnus, Lindl. ; Rhynchostemon, Steetz ` Asterochiton, Turcz.)

Calyx 5-lobed, much enlarged and scarious or coloured after flowering, the
sepals l-nerved and reticulately veined, with the midrib usually thickened,
spreading or erect-connivent, closing over the fruit. Petals none or minute
and scale-like. Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals, free or shortly connate
at the base; staminodia none, or 5 alternating with the stamens. Anthers
opening at the top towards the inside in short slits, which at length extend
more or less down the sides. “Ovary 3- or rarely 4- or 5-celled, with 2 OF — -
more ovules in each cell; style simple. Capsule enclosed in the ott — —
usually crustaceous, opening loculicidally in 3 to 5 valves. Seeds usually ` `
strophiolate, albuminous; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Shrubs
more or less tomentose or hirsute with stellate hairs, rarely quite glabrous-
Leaves entire or lobed. Stipules leafy, usually semihastate or reniform, in onè
Species similar to the leaves, in others small, and in a few entirely wanting- -
Racemes leaf-opposed, simple or rarely cymosely branched. Bracts narrow,
deciduous. Bracteoles under the calyx 3, slightly connate at the base oF
free. Calyx usually purple bluish or white. Ze

The genus is confined to Australia. [t differs from Lasiopetalum more constantly iu the.
calyx than in the anthers, the opening of the latter in some Thomasias being little more
than oblong pores, and in a few Lasiopetala extending at length down the sides to the base.
The two genera are natural, and the majority of species distinguished by a variety
racters, although there is no one to which there is not some exception. ‘The presence 5
absence and size of the scale-like petals, the presence or absence and number of stamin
are liable in all these genera to great variation in individual species.

A. Stipules leafy. Stamens and staminodia in a distincti igynous ring. (Lenco- 9
thamnus.) : y pegy Se

Leaves angular or shortly lobed, scarcely wrinkled, whitish pubescent

above, tomentose underneath . l. T. macrocarpa.

| Thomasia.] XXII. STERCULIACER. 249

Leaves lobed, very much wrinkled, roughly stellate-hairy above,

densely tomentose underneath . 2. T. rugosa.

RB Stipules leafy. Stamens and staminodia united ina hypogynous cup as long as the
ovary.

Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, almost entire . . . . . . . 8. T. montana.

C. Stipules leafy (in V. foliosa sometimes wanting). Stamens hypogynous, free or
slightly connected at the base, with or without staminodia,

| Leaves mostly ovate-cordate, often sinnate-lobed. `
| Leaves closely hoary-tomentose on both sides, without rigid hairs, e
Gnd ewelylbed .. . . . .:... VS uon a EHE
seh glabrous or hirsute ahove, tomentose underneath, usually
obed.

Tall shrubs. Leaves 14 to 3 in.
Filaments very short. Leaves scabrous or hirsute above, Ra-
cemes rarely branched, H

Bracteoles small, linear, Calyx divided to the middle or
JUWOE TOE NU es oe a a EE
Bracteoles broadly lanceolate. Calyx not divided to the

middle, lobes rather obtuse Aso dele E

- Filaments about as long as the anthers, Leaves nearly gla- GER

brous above. Racemes branched. Calyx-lobes acute. . 7. 7. discolor.

8

9

5. T. solanacea.

. T. brachystachys.

| Low shrubs, Leaves mostly under 1 in. Flowers small.
KE Calyx-lobes short, broad and obtuse. Stipules reniform .
Calyx deeply divided, lobes acute. Stipules very small . .
Leaves glabrous on both sides, or sprinkled or hispid with rigid stel-
late hairs, usually lobed.
Stipules very small. Calyx-lobes deep and acute. . . . .
Stipules rather large, reniform or lobed, Calyx-lobes short and
irse obtuse, C ey
ves -lobed. Flowers rather
^^ vu aia ne ee eee ae trilola.
X Leaves 1 to 2 in., more or less stellate-hispid, Flowers large . 11, Z. triphylla.
ves (except the lowest) oblong, lanceolate or linear, entire or
hastate with very short lateral lobes, the margins often crisped
or revolute. ' S $
Stipules reniform or semihastate. Leaves flat or crisped. Ovary .
3- or rarely 4.celled.
Ovary aud style glabrous,
Flowers rather small. Filaments very short . . . . . 12. T. purpurea.
Flowers large, Filaments about as long as the anthers . . 13. Z. macrocaly.r.
Ovary and often the base of the style tomentose. ;
Calyx thin, except the prominent midribs. i
pom rather small. kanaate shot EROR NE 14. T. pauciflora.
‘lowers large. Bracteoles broad. Filaments nearly as
long as mo reta kj DIU a. Roe Ml. T. rhynchocarpa.
Calyx large, the lobes broadly thick in the centre, with broad, SELA
E. . thin, waduie mab o a oe oro o t 16. 7. grandiflora.
oo semihastate. Leaves erisped or revolute on the margins.
vary 5-celled,
Leaves petiolate, crisped. Ovary villous . . . . «e = 24%. T. cognata.
. . , Leaves sessile, the margins revolute. Ovary glabrous . . .18. Z rulingioides.
cw ires semihastate. Leaves wrinkled, with revolute margins.
vary 3- or rarely 4-celled. ur
Bracteoles Floe Anen SE = néng
Bracteoles broadly lanceolate or ovate . . . -= s, 90 T. petalocalyr.
Stipules like the leaves, narrow, heath-like, with revolute margins 21. T. sarotes.

. T. quercifolia.
. T. foliosa.

9. T. foliosa.

250 XXII. STERCULIACER. [ Thomasia.

D. Stipules none. Stamens hypogynous, free or slightly connected at the base, without
staminodia. (Rhynchostemon.)

Tomentum close or dense, not scaly, Leaves 1 to nearly 3 in. Ra-
cemes or cymes several-flowered. Bracteoles subulate, distant
from the calyx.

Racemes mostly simple. No petals. Anthers long-acuminate . 22. T. glutinosa.
Racemes mostly branched. Petals present. Anthers shortly acu-
minate Cro C «c. ee OTE Sp SER, o og Rae
Tomentum scaly, Leaves under 1 in. Racemes 1- to 3-flowered.
Bracteoles small under the calyx.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ine t tokin o ee stelligera,
Leaves cordate-orbicular, under bte ias Koi iy Gong he T: pygmaa.

l. T. macrocarpa, Hueg. in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 32. A tall shrub,
the branches whitish with a loose tomentum. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate,
obtuse, 1$ to 2 in. long, irregularly angular-toothed or shortly lobed, pubes-
cent above when young, at length glabrous, tomentose underneath. Stipules
small, oblique or rarely 3 in. long and reniform. Racemes tomentose-hirsute,
with few large flowers. Bracteoles broadly ovate-lanceolate, woolly. Calyx
opening to about 1 in. diameter, loosely woolly-hirsute outside. Stamens
and staminodia united at the base in. a very perigynous ring, hirsute out-
side, glabrous within. Filaments and staminodia longer than the anthers.
Ovary tomentose, 3-celled with 2 erect ovules in each cell. Style glabrous.—
Steud. Pl. Preiss. i. 235; T. stipulacea, Bot. Mag. t. 4111, not Lindl. ;
E aee montanus, Lindl. Swan Riv. Ap. 19; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 336.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coil. ; Preiss, n. 1054.

2. T. rugosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 501. Branches densely
tomentose-villous. Leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, sinuate-
lobed, very much wrinkled and scabrous with stellate hairs above, very
densely tomentose underneath, Stipules reniform. Racemes simple, with
rather large nearly sessile flowers. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, thick
and very villous-tomentose. Calyx above 2 in. diameter, softly pubescent,
divided to nearly the base into obtuse connivent lobes. Filaments nearly as
long as the anthers, inserted with the staminodia in a slightly perigynous
e specs — — Ovary tomentose, 3-celled with 6 to 8
ovules in each cell; style glabrous.—J, i us, Turcz. m
Bull. Mose. 1849, ji. 1i. Timon Ex koi

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 101 and 105.

3. T. montana, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i 230; Steetz, l. c. ii. 331.
Branches ` tomentose-hirsute. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate or broadly
oblong, obtuse, mostly under 1 in. long, entire or slightly undulate-crenate,
green on both sides, glabrous or sprinkled with short stellate hairs. Stipules
broadly oblique or renifofm. Racemes on long peduncles, rather closely
tomentose-pubescent. Bracteoles linear-oblong or slightly spathulate. Calyx
about 4 in. diameter, tomentose, divided to about the middle, the sepals
broadly thickened as in 7. grandiflora, but with a Very narrow thin undulate
margin. Petals minute. Stamens and staminodia united in a cup as long as
the ovary ; anthers attached by the middle and nearly sessile on the margin

Thomasia. | XXII. STERCULIACER. 251

of the cup, between the short tooth-like étominodia. Ovary tomentose,
3-celled ; style glabrous.

W. Australia. Rocky summits of Mount Bakewell, Swan River, Preiss, n. 1661.

4. T. tenuivestita, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 7. Hoary all over with a
close minute but soft tomentum, without rigid hairs. Leaves on slender pe-
tioles, ovate-cordate, obtuse, 2 to 14 in. long, hoary-tomentose on both sides.
Stipules broad, oblique or reuiform. Racemes slender, with rather small
flowers. Bracteoles oblong-linear, hoary-tomentose. Calyx opening to 5 or
6 lines diameter, slightly tomentose ; the lobes not reaching to the middle,
broad with a prominent midrib. Petals usually present. Anthers shortly
acuminate. Staminodia none. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled ; style glabrous.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Walcot and Oldfield.

5. T. solanacea, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 456, £. 21. A tall shrub
or small tree, the branches densely tomentose or shortly hirsute. Leaves
deeply cordate-ovate, obtuse, mostly 14 to 3 in. long, rather deeply sinuate-
lobed, scabrous or hirsute above with stellate hairs, more softly and densely
tomentose or hirsute underneath. Stipules rather large, reniform, often pe-
tiolate. Racemes pedunculate, several-flowered, occasionally branched. Brac-
teoles small, linear. Calyx more or less tomentose, spreading to about } in.
diameter, divided to rather below the middle into acute lobes. Petals usually
none. Filaments very short; anthers shortly acuminate. Staminodia usually
4, sometimes bearing small anthers. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled ; style gla-
brous.—DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 327; Lasiopetalum sola-
naceum, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1486.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, and others; Bald Island
and Princess Royal Harbour, Oldfield, Maxwell. d

Some monstrons specimens from King George's Sound are very villous, with more or less
developed petals, and the stamens and carpels mostly deformed.

6. T. brachystachys, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 143. Very
nearly allied to the more hirsute specimens of 7. solanacea, and perhaps a
Variety of that species. Leaves rather less obtuse and less deeply cordate.

acemes apparently all simple, very hirsute-tomentose. Pedicels very short.
Bracteoles broadly lanceolate, thick and rusty-hirsute. Calyx more tomen-
tose than in Z, so/anacea, less deeply divided into more obtuse lobes. Petals
usually present.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 262.

7T. T. discolor, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 233; Steetz, l c. ii. 326. A
tufted shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the branches densely tomentose. Leaves cordate-
ovate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, sinuately lobed, coriaceous, glabrous or sca-

rous above, white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Stipules reniform, occa-

sionally petiolate. Cymes pedunculate, several-flowered. —Bracteoles linear,

rather thick, tomentose. Calyx spreading to about 4 in. diameter, sprinkled

With stellate hairs outside, glabrous within, deeply divided into acute lobes,

less coloured than in most Thomasias, but with prominent midribs. ‘Petals

none. Filaments as long as the anthers, without intervening staminodia.
ary very villous, 3-celled; with 2 ovules in each cell; style glabrous.

252 XXII. STERCULIACES. [Thomasia.

W. Australia. King George’s Sound, Drummond ; rocks at Williamstone, Preiss, 2.
1658; Mount Elphinstone, Oldfield.

8. T. quercifolia, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 459, t. 21. A low
shrub, with numerous branches, rigidly hirsute-tomentose. Leaves ovate,
usually deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes short, divaricate and often obtusely 3-
lobed, the middle one longer, often 3-lobed, the whole leaf rarely exceeding 1
in., coriaceous, sprinkled above with rigid stellate hairs, tomentose and often
rigidly hirsute underneath. Stipules reniform. Racemes simple. Flowers
rather small. Bracteoles linear. Calyx-lobes not reaching the middle, broad
and obtuse. Petals none. Filaments about as long as the ovary, the anthers
rather short, obtuse, opening to the base; staminodia usually present. Ovary
tomentose, 3-celled ; style glabrous.—DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Steud. in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 329; Lastopetalum quercifolium, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 459; Bot. Mag. t.
1485; T. hypoleuca, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 234.

W. Australia, Drummond; King George's Sound, R. Brown, Preiss, n. 1646, and
others; Franklin river, Maxwell. :

9. T. foliosa, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 454, t.22. A shrub, with
numerous rather slender branches, tomentose and hirsute when young.
Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate, rather deeply sinuate-lobed, rarely exceeding
1 in., sprinkled with stellate hairs above, more densely hirsute underneath.
Stipules very small, rarely attaining 2 lines and sometimes almost wanting.
Racemes numerous, often branched, slender, hirsute. Flowers small, on
slender pedicels. Bracteoles small, linear. Calyx hirsute, about 3 lines dia-
meter, deeply divided into acute usually connivent lobes. Petals none.
Filaments as long as the ovary, without intervening staminodia; anthers
short and obtuse, almost didymous, the cells opening laterally almost their
whole length. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled. Style glabrous.—DC. Prod. i.
489 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 325 ; T. viridis, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 234 ; also
most probably 7. diffusa, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 527, which I have not seen.

W. Australia. Geographer Bay, Zeschenault, Baudin; Swan River, Fraser, Drum-
mond, Preiss, n. 1630, 1649, 1653 ; Gordon, Salt, Kalgan, and Phillips rivers, Oldfield.

10. T. triloba, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1846, ii. 500. A low shrub, with
slender branches, quite glabrous or slightly tomentose towards the top.
Leaves on long petioles, broadly cordate, mostly 3 to 3 in. long, nearly equally
3-lobed, lobes broad, obtuse, often sinuate-crenate and undulate, glabrous or
rarely sprinkled with a very few stellate hairs. Stipules reniform or 3-lobed.
Racemes long and slender, usually glabrous. Bracteoles linear, slightly
ciliate. Calyx spreading to about 4 in. diameter, divided to about the
middle into broad rather obtuse lobes, glabrous or nearly so, the midrib not
much thickened. Filaments short. Ovary densely tomentose, 3-celled ;
style glabrous.

WV. Australia, Drummond, n. 106.

11. T. triphylla, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 458. Branches scabrous-
tomentose and sometimes hispid. Leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate, 1} to 2 in.
long, sinuate-pinnatifid, with short broad very obtuse lobes, more or less
sprinkled with very rigid stellate rusty hairs, but otherwise glabrous. Stipules
petiolate, broad, obliquely 2 or 3-lobed, or reniform. Flowers large, in short

Thomasia. | XXII. STERCULIACEA, 253

hispid racemes. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, hispid. Calyx opening to
nearly 1 in. diameter, hispid at the base only, divided to about the middle
into broad lobes with thick midribs. Petals none. Filaments rather long ;
anthers shortly and obtusely acuminate, staminodia often present. Ovary
tomentose, 3-celled.— DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 328 ; La-
siopetalum triphyllum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 63, t. 88 ; Thomasia stipulacea,
Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18; 7. glabrata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 234.

W. Australia. Cape Leeuwin, Labillardióre; Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll.,
Preiss, n. 1635, 1636, Oldfield, and others.

T. Gilbertiana, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 10, which I have not seen, would appear
from his description to be the same as 7. triphylla. *

12. 'T. purpurea, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 452, £. 21. A small
shrub or undershrub, the slender branches more or less tomentose or hirsute.
Leaves oblong or nearly linear, obtuse, 4 to 1 in. long, entire, sprinkled with
stellate hairs above, more hirsute underneath, or rarely nearly glabrous.
Stipules broad and oblique, or almost reniform. Racemes longer than the
leaves. Flowers rather small, on very short pedicels. Bracteoles linear.
Calyx slightly tomentose, expanding to about $ in. diameter, divided to about
the middle into ovate lobes. Petals small, occasionally wanting. Filaments
very short, anthers slightly acuminate. Ovary glabrous, 3- or 4-celled with
2 ovules in each cell; style glabrous —DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 318; Lasiopetalum purpureum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, ii. 36; Bot.
Mag. t. 1755; Thomasia rupestris, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 231.

w. Australia. King George’s Sound, R. Brown ; Fraser and others; Mount El-
phinstone, Preiss, ». 1648.

Var. undulata. Larger in all its parts and slightly hoary-tomentose. Leaves mostly 1
lo 13 in. long. Flowers larger, the racemes more pedunculate. Petals usually none.— 7.

cou Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 320. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. and 2nd Coll.
2. K

Steetz describes the capsule of this and the following species as stipitate, but the stipes, "
any, is so short as to be scarcely perceptible.

B-T: macrocalyx, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 230; Sleetz, l. c. ii. 319.
A shrub of 13 to 2 ft., nearly allied to T. purpurea, but differing chiefly in
the large, inflated, fruiting calyx. Branches tomentose and hirsute with
stuf stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 1$ in.
long, scabrous-pubescent above, tomentose or hirsute underneath. Stipules
oblique or semicordate. Racemes long, several-flowered. Bracteoles linear-

neeolate. Calyx expanding to nearly 4 in. diameter, with broad short lobes,
the midribs much thickened, when in fruit much inflated, depressed-globose,
somewhat 5-angled, fully 3 in. diameter, although the lobes are closely con-
nivent. Filaments as long as the anthers, which are more obtuse than in
T. purpurea. Ovary and style glabrous as in 7. purpurea.

w. Australia. Preston river, Wellington district, Preiss, n. 1657 ; S. W. coast,
Marcell,

BM d pauciflora, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18. Scabrous-tomentose or
hirsute. Leaves lanceolate, often cordate, and sometimes hastately 3-lobed
at the base, 1 to 2 in. long, green and sprinkled with short, rigid, stellate
ars on both sides. Stipules broad, semihastate or reniform. Racemes

254 . XXII. STEROULIACER. ( Thomasia.

several-flowered. Bracteoles linear or scarcely lanceolate, rather thick, rusty-
tomentose or hirsute. Calyx expanding to } iu. or rather more, divided to
below the middle, the midribs prominent. Petals usually but not always
present. Filaments short. Ovary tomentose, usually 3-celled ; style tomen-
tose at the base, glabrous upwards, the tomentose base often persisting on
the ripe capsule.—Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 329; T. subhastata, Steud. in DL
Preiss. i. 232; Steetz, l. c. ii. 330. e

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., Preiss, n. 1033, 1647; King
George's Sound, Harvey. 1

T. paniculata, Lindl., Swan Riv. App. 18; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 323, from Swan
River, appears to be only a luxuriant form of T. pauciflora, with rather larger flowers and
the glabrous part of the style rather longer. A still more luxuriant variety, with leaves 3
in. long, and the calyx 7 lines diameter, was gathered by Maxwell in the moist valleys
Franklin river. ]

15. T. rhynchocarpa, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 142. Very
near T. pauciflora, with a similar foliage, but the indumentum more ferru-
ginous and denser, the bracteoles and flowers rather differently shaped.
Racemes 2- or 3-flowered. Bracteoles oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse,
thick, and densely rusty-tomentose. Calyx opening to nearly 1 in. diameter,
scarcely divided to the middle, with broad obtuse lobes, much replicate op
the margins over the fruit, the midribs very prominent inside. Petals minute.
Filaments rather long. Ovary tomentose; style also tomentose, excepting
quite the extremity, and usually persistent. Fruiting calyx closing over to
about à in. diameter —F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 8.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 261 ; Kojonerup valley and Salt river, Maz-
well.

16. T. grandiflora, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18. A shrub or under-
shrub of 1 or 2 ft., with the habit and foliage of 7. pauciflora, but at once
known by the flowers. Leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, or the
lowest ovate, obtuse, 3 to 1 in. long, entire, cordate or obscurely 3-lobed at
the base, glabrous or sprinkled with a few stellate hairs. Stipules oblique
or semihastate. Flowers large, in terminal racemes. Bracteoles broadly
lanceolate, thick, and tomentose-hirsute. Calyx spreading to about lm.
diameter, not divided to the middle, the broad thick centre of each sepal
hirsute-tomentose outside and short-tomentose inside, the broad margins
thin, glabrous, and undulate. Petals none. Filaments very short; anthers
acuminate. Ovary tomentose, 3-celled, with 8 to 20 or even more ovules m
each cell.—$Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 324; 7. cycnopotamica and T. lucida,
Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 231.

Ww. 4 Swan River, Drummond, 1st Coll., Preiss, n. 1645 and 1667; Mur-
chison river and Champion Bay, Oldfield.

17. T. cognata, S/e»d. in Pl. Preiss. i. 232; Sleelz, l.c. ii. 320. A
low shrub, very hispid with rigid stellate hairs, Leaves petiolate, oblong 07
lanceolate, obtuse, rarely exceeding 1 in., wrinkled, and very much crisp
on the margin, green aud hispid on both sides. Stipules broadly semihastate.
Racemes slender, with small, nearly sessile flowers. Bracteoles linear-lan-
ceolate. Calyx hispid, opening to about 4 in. diameter, the angles very PT
minent, divided to about the middle into broad lobes not undulate on the `

VUL ET, E ie Ty

Thomasia.) XXII, STERCULIACE.E. 255

margin. Petals usually present, very concave and hirsute. Filaments rather
long; anthers not acuminate. Ovary very villous, 5-celled, deeply furrowed ;
style glabrous.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 68; Rottenest Island, Preiss, n. 1660
and 1666; Freemantle and King George’s Sound, Oldfield.

1- T. ingioides, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 232; Sleetz; l. c. ii. 322.
A very hispid shrub, at first sight closely resembling T. cognata, or the hispid
forms of 7. purpurea, and with the 5-celled ovary of the former, but the
leaves are narrower, almost or quite sessile, the crisped margins much revo-
lute, and narrowed at the base. Stipules broadly semihastate or sometimes
hastate, 3-lobed. Flowers nearly sessile iu the raceme and hispid as in 7.
cognata, but rather smaller. Calyx similar. Petals usually smaller and less

irsute. Filaments rather shorter. Ovary glabrous, granulate.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1663.

19. T. angustifolia, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 232; Steetz, 1. c. 322.
The whole plant. clothed with a hoary tomentum, somewhat scabrous on the
upper side of the leaves, denser and often rusty underneath, without spread-
ing hairs. Leaves narrow-oblong or rarely lanceolate, obtuse, mostly about
l in. long, wrinkled with deeply impressed veins, the margius revolute,
rounded at the base. Stipules broadly semihastate or semicordate. Racemes
slender, with about 4 to 8 small flowers. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, tomen-
tose. Calyx opening to about 5 lines diameter, divided much below the
middle, the margins flat, the principal branching veins of each sepal some-
times prominent as well as the midrib, but not starting from the base, as in
Guichenotia. Petals generally present, and often a few staminodia. Anthers
shortly and obtusely acuminate. Ovary densely tomentose, usually 3-celled ;
style glabrous:

.W. Australia, Southern districts, Drummond, n. 107, Preiss, n. 1634; near Cape
no Harvey ; King George's Sound, Oldfield ; Kojonerup and Fitzgerald ranges, Mas-

In foliage and habit this has much resemblance to Lysiosepalum rugosum, but the flowers
are very different. s

. 20. T. petalocalyx, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. i. 35, and Pl. Vict.
1.147. Very near 7. angustifolia, and perhaps a variety. Tomentum more

Copious, looser, and mixed with long stellate hairs. Leaves often larger,

attaining 13 in. the margins less revolute. Flowers larger. Bracteoles
usually broadly lanceolate or almost ovate. Calyx-lobes broader and et
obtuse; in other respects the characters are those of T. angustifolia.—1.
macrocalyz, Schlecht. Linnea, xx. 633, not Steud.

Stony coast ridges, Wilson's Promontory, F. Mueller. 3
ae natum Light and vae o rivers, Behr ; Barossa and Bugle ranges, F. Mueller ;

ngaroo Island, Waterhouse. ? à

ng Australia. mere King George’s Sound and the Great Australian Bight, Maz-
well.

21. T. sarotes, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 145. Branches —
minutely tomentose. Leaves almost sessile, linear, obtuse, rarely re 2
m., quite entire, the margins closely revolute, minutely tomentose or g -
above, more rusty-tomentose underneath. Stipules similar to the leaves an

256 XXII. STERCULIACES. (Thomasia.

often nearly as long, giving the plant a heath-like aspect. ` Racemes long and

slender. Bracteoles narrow-linear or slightly spathulate. Calyx 5 or 6 lines

diameter, deeply lobed, the lobes almost acute. Petals small and broad;

staminodia also occasionally present. Ovary tomentose; style glabrous. .
WV. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 256.

22. T. glutinosa, Lindi. Seen Riv. App. 18. Branches tomentose or
slightly hispid, viscid towards the top. Leaves petiolate, the lower ones or
sometimes nearly all ovate-cordate, the upper ones or nearly all lanceolate or
hastately 3-lobed, the middle lobe often 1 to 2 in. long, the lateral ones very
short, all obtuse, glabrous or sprinkled with stellate hairs above, loosely to-
mentose underneath. Stipules none. Racemes on long peduncles, hirsute
and very glutinous. Bracteoles filiform, inserted on the pedicel at some dis-
tance from the calyx. Calyx spreading to 6 to 8 lines diameter, slightly

_ pubescent or sometimes hirsute at the base, divided to about the middle mto

*

broad acute lobes, petal-like, as iu most species, and the central vein of each
sepal deeply coloured, but scarcely thickened. Petals none. Filaments very
short; anthers produced into a rather long light-coloured point. Ovary vil-
lous, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Style glabrous or slightly tomen-
tose at the base—Rhynchostemon glutinosum, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 334.

w. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., Preiss, n. 1632 aud 1668, and
others.

` Var, latifolia. Leaves mostly ovate-cordate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed. — Indumentum
of the branches and under side of the leaves tomentose only and scarcely hispid. Flowers
sometimes, but not always, smaller.— 7. canescens, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18; 7. aemula

and T. /asiopetaloides, Stend. in Pl. Preiss. i. 233 ; Rhynchostemon canescens, Steetz, wP

Preiss. ii. 335. Swau River, Drummond, lst Coll., Preiss, n. 1636 and 1641.

23. T. laxiflora, Benih. Young branches densely clothed with a close
tomentum. Leaves, like those of the broad-leaved variety of 7. glutinosa,
from ovate-cordate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, entire or obscurely
3-lobed, 14 to 24 in. long, almost coriaceous and glabrous above when full-
grown, densely and softly tomentose underneath. Stipules none. Racemes
elongated, pedunculate, apparently viscid and subulate ; bracteoles distant
from the calyx, as it 7. glutinosa. Calyx very angular, divided to below
the middle into ovate, cordate, acuminate segments, glabrous inside at
the base with prominent midribs, the broad thin margins tomentose inside.
Petals small, broad. Anthers acuminate, but much less so than in T. glu-
tinosa. Ovary. villous, 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style glabrous.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 25.

24. T. stelligera, Benth. A low shrub, with slender wiry branches ` i

covered, as well as the under side of the leaves, with a whitish, almost silvery
scaly tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, the upper ones sometimes oppo-
site, from oblong to lanceolate or almost linear, very obtuse, A to 1 in. long;
glabrous and smooth on the upper side. Stipules none. Flowers rather
large, pink, 2 or 3 in the raceme. Bracteoles small, close to the calyx.
Calyx sprinkled outside with a few scale-like stellate hairs, slightly tomentose
inside, divided to about the middle, angular and almost 5-saccate at the base,
the lobes broad and acute, the midribs richly coloured, but scarcely promi-
nent. Petals small. Anthers shortly acuminate. Ovary densely covered

Thomasia.] XXII. STERCULIACE. 257

with scaly stellate hairs, 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style glabrous.—
Lasiopetalum stelligerum, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 147.
W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 257.

25. T. pygmeea, Benth. Not much branched and only 3 or 4 in. high,
but woody, the young shoots and under side of the leaves covered with a
minute scaly tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate, orbicular-cordate, 2 to 4
lines diameter, entire, coriaceous and glabrous above when full-grown. Sti-
pules none. Flowers large, solitary or 2 together, on peduncles longer than
the leaves. Bracteoles very small, close to the calyx. Calyx very angular,
sprinkled with stellate hairs more or less united into scales, deeply divided
mto broadly ovate-cordate, acute segments, attaining fully 5 lines, thin and
petal-like, with the midribs prominent inside. Petals none. Filaments rather
long; anthers very obtuse. Ovary covered with scale-like papille, 5-celled,
with 2 ovules in each cell. Style glabrous, prominently 5-angled, almost
3-winged to near the summit; stigmas at length separating.— 4isterochiton
bygmeus, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 139.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 258. E

Notwithstanding the curious style, this plant is too closely allied to 7. stelligera to be
separated from it generically. I had formerly referred them both to Lasiopetalum, but they
have the calyx of Thomasia, a character which, after a detailed review of all the species, appears

| to be the best for distinguishing naturally the two genera.

17. GUICHENOTIA, J. Gay.
(Sarotes, Lindl.)

Calyx 5-lobed, enlarged and membranous after flowering, with raisea ribs,
3 or 5 to each sepal, Petals 5, small and scale-like, Stamens 5, opposite
the petals, slightly connected at the base or free ; staminodia none or rarely
l to 5, very small, alternating with the stamens. Anthers opening at the top
towards the inside in short slits, which at length extend more or less down
the side. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 to 5 ovules in each cell. Style simple.
Capsule shorter than the calyx, opening loculicidally in 5 valves. Seeds
usually strophiolate, albuminous; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—

| » more or less tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves narrow, entire,
with revolute margins. Stipules leafy, either similar to the leaves or short
and oblique. Racemes simple, leaf-opposed. Bracts small and deciduous.
Bracteoles small, and not so close to the calyx as in most Lasiopetalea.

The genus is confined to Australia. It differs from Thomasia chiefly in the calyx. The

Aves ved stipules of those species where they are similar are sometimes described as verti-
ate leaves, r

Style glabrous or tomentose at the base only.
Stipules like the leaves and scarcely smaller.

Flowers several in the raceme. Calyx not above 4 lines . 1. G. ledifolia
Flowers 2 or 3. Caly Eia Lin, 4. koa) we oie UB A macrantha.
tipules semihastate, much smaller than the leaves . — 3. G. semihastata,

Style glabrous at the base, thickly stellate-hairy in the upper half.
Stipules like the leaves, but smaller. Calyx above 5 lines. Anthers
Semester No stuninedié , . V. 2. 4 C 574 G. Surotes,
Stipules small, semicordate. Calyx about 3 lines. Authers truncate. dd
Staminodia 5 or fewer . posee I2 ER d. (QUI. KG. micrantha,
HET , s

258 XXII. STERCULIACES. [ Guichenotia.

1. G. ledifolia, J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 449, 4. 20. A shrub
clothed with a soft whitish tomentum, either close, or dense and velvety, or
almost floccose. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong-linear, obtuse, mostly 1
to 14 in. long, the margins much revolute, wrinkled, thick, and soft. Sti-
pules similar, but usually rather shorter and more sessile. Racemes several-
flowered. Calyx 23 to 4 lines long, scarcely membranous, tomentose, the 3
prominent ribs on each sepal giving it a rigid striate appearance. Filaments
rather short ; anthers acuminate. Ovary densely tomentose, usually 5-celled,
with 3 to 5 ovules in each cell; style glabrous.—DC, Prod. i. 489; Steetz,
in Pl. Preiss, ii. 318.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 67; Preiss, n. 1670 ; and northward to
Rottenest Island, 4. Cunningham ; Sharks Bay, Leschenault ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

2. G. macrantha, Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 500. A shrub with
the foliage and indumentum of G. ledifolia, but very much larger pendulous
flowers, on thickened pedicels, in racemes of 2 or 3. Bracteoles sometimes,
‘but not always, larger and closer to the calyx. Calyx at length $ to 1 m.
long, sprinkled with stellate tomentum, more membranous than in G. ledifolia,
divided to about the middle into broad, acute lobes, with 3 prominent ribs to
each sepal. Filaments rather long. Ovary 5-celled, densely glandular-to-
mentose, with 4 or 5 ovules in each cell; style tomentose at the base, gla-
brous upwards.—Bot. Mag. t. 4651.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 133; in the interior, Roe.

3. G. semihastata, Benth. A low shrub, with the aspect nearly of
G. Sarotes, but the tomentum usually closer and thinner, sometimes disap-
peng from the upper surface of the leaves. Leaves on short petioles, ob-
ong-linear, obtuse, to 1 in. long, the margins much revolute. Stipules
semihastate, sometimes very small, sometimes half as long as the leaves.
Flowers pendulous, solitary, or 2 or 3 in a short raceme, large, like those of
G. Sarotes. Bracteoles small, cordate-acuminate or lanceolate. Calyx à tot
in. long, sprinkled with a slight tomentum, divided to below the middle into
broad, almost cordate lobes, with 3 or 5 raised ribs to each sepal. Filaments
shorter than the anthers. Ovary tomentose and glandular, 5-celled, with 2
ovules in each cell; style glabrous.— Sarofes semihastata, F, Muell. Fragm. 1
4; Ditomostrophe angustifolia, Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1846, ii. 499.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 102; White Peak and Champion Bay, Oldfield.

4. G. Sarotes, Benth. A low, much-branched, softly tomentose shrub.
Leaves almost sessile, oblong-linear, obtuse, the margins much revolute,
mostly about 3 in., but sometimes 1 in. long. Stipules similar, but smaller,
sometimes scarcely above half as long. Racemes pedunculate, with few rather
large pendulous flowers. Bracteoles small. Calyx thin, 5 or 6 lines long,
or nearly 9 when in fruit, divided to below the middle into broad, almost
cordate lobes, with 3 raised ribs to each sepal. Filaments very short ; anthers
acuminate. Ovary densely glandular-tomentose, 5-celled with 2 or 3 ovules
to each cell. Style glabrous at the base, densely covered with stellate hairs
in the upper half.—Sarotes ledifolia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 19; Hook.
Journ. Bot. ii. 381, t. 16; Thomasia pumila, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 233, 36-
cording to Steetz, Le ii. 345.

Guichenotia. | XXII. STERCULIACE. 259

. W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., 2nd Coll. n. 59, Preiss, n. 1643.

5. G. micrantha, Benih. Smaller and more branched than the other
species, but equally tomentose. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong-linear
or almost lanceolate, obtuse, mostly under } in. and rarely 1 in. long, the
margins much revolute. Stipules obliquely ovate-cordate, usually very small,
and sometimes wanting. Racemes 3- to 6-flowered. Bracteoles linear-fili-
form. Calyx about 3 lines long, very broad and angular, the sepals united
much above the middle, with 3 or 5 prominent ribs to each. Filaments very
short, alternating with small staminodia; anthers very truncate and usually
tipped with a tuft of short hairs. Ovary tomentose, 5-celled; style densely
covered with stellate hairs from below the middle to the top.—Sarotes mi-
erantha, Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 346; Thomasia pogonanthera, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 7.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 63; Burges; White Peak, Champion Bay, Oldfield.

18. LASIOPETALUM, Sm.
CU (Corethrostylis, Endl.)

Calyx 5-lobed nearly to*the base, not much enlarged after flowering, with-
out prominent ribs, the sepals obscurely several-veined at the base. Petals
small and scale-like, or rarely none. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, slightly
connected at the base or free, without intervening staminodia; anthers open-
ing in terminal or inwardly oblique pores or short slits, which rarely extend
down the sides. Ovary 3-celled, or rarely 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or very
rarely more ovules in each cell; style simple. Capsule shorter than the
calyx, opening loculicidally. Seeds usually solitary in each cell, erect, stro-
phiolate, albuminous ; embryo straight, with flat cotyledons.—Shrubs, more
or less tomentose or pubescent with stellate hairs. Leaves entire or rarely
lobed, often coriaceous and glabrous on the upper side, in one species nearly
all opposite, and in some others occasionally so. Stipules none. Flowers
in small drooping cymes contracted into heads, or in looser-branched cymes,
or ET in simple racemes. Bracteoles 3 or fewer, in some species very
smali.

The genus is entirely Australian. It differs from Thomasia chiefly in the calyx and
generally in habit. The want of stipules is coustant in Lasiopetalum, but occurs also in
the section Rhynchostemon of Thomasia, to which some Lasiopetala of the section Cores
throstylis bear much affinity. They are, however, readily known by the peculiar hairs of
the style in that group, which never occur in Zhomasia.

A. Style glabrous.

Bracteoles longer than the calyx, forming an involucre round the
Soft woolly flower-heads. Leaves cordate-ovate, white-tomentose
Miel . E E E EE E

Bracteoles not exceeding the calyx, or subulate and loose.

yx-segments glabrous inside (except the edges).
p ies cwm mostly 3 lines long or more.
^ymes dense. Calyx very angular.
Leaves emgeet ine tndheclats vog Ap IM 2. L. dasyphylinm.
Leaves linear. Calyx-segments acuminate. . . + + 5 L. parviflorum.,
Cymes few-flowered, not dense. Leaves oblong or linear,
thickly coriaceous. Calyx scarcely angular.
Sepals narrow-lanceolate, loosely woolly tomentose

1. L. discolor.

8. L. indutum.
s 2

s
E
E
F

260 XXII. STERCULIACER. [ Lasiopetalum.

Sepals broad, thick, closely tomentose Egeter, dub Bebe
Calyx-segments rarely exceeding 2 lines and mostly smaller. pe
Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate . . . . . . . . 6. L. oppositifolium.
Leaves linear, coriaceous, smooth above. Calyx very angular 5. Z. parviflorum.
Leaves linear, rugose. Anther-cells opening laterally to the
M ee Oy a be tt a VÀ
Leaves cordate-lanceolate, rugose. Cymes loose, many-
flowered. Calyx very spreading . . . . . . . . 8. I. macrophyllum.
Calyx-segments tomentose or pubescent inside.
Leaves linear. . Cymes or racemes almost simple.
Raeemes several-flowered, reflexed. Calyx-segments not

7. L. micranthum.

abore fine dne 5.1. 5. aes oe Sota Oe da Danes,
Flowers on slender pedicels, scarcely racemose. Calyx-seg-
ments 4 to 5 lines, broad and scarcely acute . . . . 10. L. rufum.

Leaves cordate or lanceolate.
Cymes dense, nearly sessile. Calyx very angular. Anthers
nobecuimnülsos x 00907 C. lob s DR Page cur
Cymes pedunculate, loose. Calyx-segments thick, An-
thersacuminate . ... . . . . ++... +.» 19. L.acutiftorum.

ll. Z. ferrugineum.

-B. Style densely covered from the top of the anthers to the summit or near the ‘summit
with stellate horizontal or reffered hairs, forming a cylindrical or conical mass. (Gore-
throstylis, Ezd.)

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear. Bracteoles usually 3.
Cymes densely capitate. Bracteoles and calyx-segments linear Z
and softly plumose-villous . . . . . . . . . . . 18. L. Drummondit.

Cymes few-flowered. Bracteoles short, Calyx hoary-tomentose l4. L. rosmarinifolium.
Leaves cordate-ovate. Bracteoles 1 or 2.

Bracteoles linear or subulate. g
Pedicels short. Bracteoles close to the calyx.
Leaves coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose underneath.
Calyx 2 $e 9 tines. OO R Q0. 2, . IRL eerie
Leaves densely tomentese, villous underneath. Calyx 3 to =
S lines 63 ie Sov om ofl es Se Be io MA A NIME
Pedicels longer than the calyx. Bracteoles distant. Calyx-
segments narrow-lanceolate, 2 lines. . . . . . . . T. L. floribundum.
Bracteoles ovate, membranous and coloured.
Bracteoles close to the calyx. Pedicels short. Tomentum
EE ve « 38. Z. molle.
Bracteoles below the middle of the pedicel.
Leaves sprinkled with rigid stellate hairs, otherwise glabrous. 19. Z. membranaceum.
Leaves tomentose underneath. `, . . . . . . . . 20. L. bracteatum.

A. LastéertaLum proper.— Style glabrous. i

l. L. discolor, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 916, and Journ. Bot. ii. 414.
A shrub of several feet, the branches tomentose, Leaves petiolate, ovate-
cordate, obtuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 in. long, coriaceous, loosely tomentose above
when young, but soon glabrous, white-tomentose underneath. Cymes con-
tracted into dense softly tomentose heads, on short recurved peduncles. Brac-
teoles longer than the calyx, oblong-linear, petal-like, with a broad thick
central nerve, tomentose, arranged in a kind of radiating involucre round the
head. Calyx-segments thin and petal-like, 3 to 4 lines long, softly tomen-
tose outside, glabrous inside. Petals often shortly clawed. Anthers rather
long. Ovary very villous; style glabrous.—Z. confertiflorum, F. Muell. in
Linnea, xxv. 377; L. capitellatum, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 148.

Lasiopetalum.| XXII. STERCULIACER. 261

pem Hummock or Prime Seal Island, Dass's Straits, Backhouse, Gunn, aud
others.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown, Wilhelmi ; Memory Cove, R. Brown ; Venus
Bay and Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

W. Australia. S. coast, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 263; sandy hills, S.W. Bay and
Doubtful Island Bay, Oldfield.

2. L. dasyphyllum, Sich. ; Hook. Journ. Bot, ii. 414. A tall shrub, the
ung SrTGIee Testy tornentose. Leaves from ovate-cordate to cordate- or
oblong-lanceolate, in luxuriant specimens 3 or 4 in. long and acute, in others
much smaller and obtuse, entire, coriaceous, glabrous or slightly scabrous
above, white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Cymes reflexed, nearly sessile,
very dense, almost capitate, and densely rusty-tomentose. Bracteoles lanceo-
late, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines
long, tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Anthers truncate, about as long as
the filaments. Ovary tomentose, usually 4-celled (almost constantly 3-celled
in all other species of the genus). Style glabrous or tomentose at the base
only.—Steetz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 341; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 144; LZ. Gunnii,
Steetz, l.c. ii. 342; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 51; L. Wilhelmi, F. Muell. in
Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. ii. 65.

N.S. Wales. Grose river, R. Brown; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 240, and others ;
Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham and others ; southward to Twofold Bay, Y. Mueller. `

Victoria. Highest declivities of the Grampians, Wilhelmi ; granitic ridges, more fre-

. quent towards the eastern boundary, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Rocky Cape and islands of Bass's Straits, Gunn.

3. L. indutum, S/eud. in Pl. Preiss, i. 235; Stectz, l.c. ii. 340. A
much-branched shrub of 2 to 4 ft., the young shoots rusty-tomentose. Leaves
from broadly oblong to linear, obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, not cordate at the base,
the margins slightly recurved, coriaceous, glabrous above when full grown,
densely tomentose underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, compact, re-
flexed, few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, tomentose-villous, shorter than or
sometimes as long as the calyx. ` Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, 2 to 3
lines long, densely tomentose or softly villous outside, glabrous or nearly so
Inside. Filaments short; anthers contracted at the top, with oblique pores.
Ovary tomentose-villous ; style glabrous.

W. Australia. Konkoberup hills, Preiss, 2. 1655 ; towards Cape Riche, Drummond ;
S.W. interior, Marwel? (with less woolly flowers) : sand-hills by the south coast; R. Brown
(with small flowers),

4. L. Behrii, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 36, and Pl. Vict. i.
143, £. 3. An erect or diffuse shryb, of several feet, nearly allied to Z. in-
dutum, but with larger more rigid flowers. Young branches rusty-tomentose.

aves shortly petiolate, from oblong to linear, obtuse, mostly 13 to 23 in.
long, not cordate at the base, the margins recurved, coriaceous, glabrous

ve when full grown, hoary or rusty underneath with a close tomen-
tum. ` Cymes shortly peduneulate, rather loose. Bracteoles linear, much
shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments ovate, acute, 3 to 4 lines long,
rather thick, obscurely 3-nerved and white-tomentose outside, glabrous inside.
Filaments very short ; anther-pores small, terminal. Ovary tomentose ; style
glabrous. .

N.S. Wales. Darling and Murrumbidgee rivers, F. Mueller.

262 XXII. STERCULIACES. [ Lasiopetalum.

Victoria. In the N.W. district, F. Mueller.
S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; from the Murray river to Kangaroo Island and
the E. extremity of the Great Australian Bight, and northward to Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

5. L. parviflorum, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 297, t. 19. A tall
shrub, the young branches hoary or rusty-tomentose. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, linear, obtuse, mostly 13 to 3 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous above,
white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, corymbose
and several-flowered, but much shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles small, the
2 lateral ones sometimes minute or even wanting. Calyx-segments 1j to 3
lines long, minutely white-tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Filaments
very short, anthers ovate, truncate. Ovary tomentose; style glabrous.—
J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 447, t. 19; DC. Prod. i. 489; Steetz, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 339 ; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 142.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunningham ; Twofold Bay. F. Mueller.

Victoria. Granite banks of watercourses towards the eastern frontier, F. Mueller.

Var. major. Calyx-segments 2 to 3 lines long. Cymes denser. To this belong most of
the southern specimens.

Var. (?) occidentale. Leaves smaller, rarely above 1 in. long. Flowers small. Bracteoles

very small. Scarcely, however, to be distinguished from some of the smaller-flowered Port
Jackson specimens.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 267.

6. L. oppositifolium, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 5. A diffuse shrub,
with slender, rigid, divaricate branches, whitish with a close tomentum.
Leaves mostly opposite, shortly petiolate, lanceolate or oblong-linear, 2 to 4
in. long, slightly cordate at the base, glabrous above, minutely tomentose
underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, reflexed, glandular-hispid. Flowers
small. Bracteoles linear, longer than the calyx. — Calyx-segments lanceolate,
2 to 3 lines long, hirsute outside, glabrous within. Anthers opening in ter-
des pores, but at length splitting also laterally, Ovary hirsute ; style gla-

rous.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. The specimens have only very imperfect

withered flowers.
7. L. micranthum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 51. A small shrub, branches

. tomentose. Leaves petiolate, oblong-linear, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long or rarely

more, the margins revolute, glabrous, or slightly scabrous and wrinkled with
impressed veins above, densely tomentose underneath. Cymes shortly pe-
duneulate, corymbose, reflexed. — Bracts broadly ovate, concave, the lat
ones small. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 lines long,
slightly tomentose outside, glabrous withir®? Filaments short; anthers trun-
cate, the cells opening laterally to the base more readily than in any other
species. Ovary tomentose; style glabrous.

Tasmania. Eastern Tier, near Oyster Bay, and S.E. of Launceston, Gunn; near
Swan Port, C. Stuart. , ;

8. L. macrophyllum, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3908. A tall shrub, the
branches densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or lan-
ceolate, mostly acute, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous, or slightly scabrous, and much
wrinkled with impressed veins above, densely tomentose underneath. Cymes
shortly pedunculate, corymbose, reflexed, rather loose, with numerous $

D

Lasiopetalum.] XXII. STERCULIACE®. 263

flowers. Bracteoles linear, nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments very
. . Spreading or almost reflexed, under 2 lines long in the wild specimens, lan-
| = ceolate, acuminate, tomentose outside, glabrous within. Filaments rather
long; anthers oblong, their terminal pores light-coloured and very conspi-
cuous. Ovary tomentose, style glabrous.
N.S. Wales. Paramatta and Sydney, R. Brown ; Southward of the colony, A. Cun-

ningham. I have not seen Graham's specimens, but the figure quoted welt represents this
plant, except that the flowers are larger than in the specimeus I have seen.

I 9. L. Baueri, Stectz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 339., A shrub of several fect,
| the branches hoary or rusty with a close tomentum. Leaves on short pe-
tioles, linear or oblong-linear, obtuse, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, the margins re-
volute, coriaceous, glabrous or minutely tomentose above, white or rusty-
tomentose underneath. Flowers few, in short pedunculate reflexed racemes,
rarely branching into eymes. Bracteoles small, oblong or linear. Calyx-
segments 23 to 3 lines long, acute, tomentose outside and slightly so inside.
Filaments very short; anthers contracted at the top. Ovary tomentose.
Style glabrous or occasionally bearing a few stellate hairs.—F. Muell. Pl.
Vict. i. 149,

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson; Darling and Murrumbidgee rivers,
F. Mueller.

Victoria. Murray serub and Sandy Desert near Brighton, but rare, F. Mueller.

` S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown; sand ridges from the Murray river to St.
Vineent’s Gulf, Kangaroo Island, and Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

This is avery variable plant, difficult to define from dried specimens. Some of the numer-
ous forms, especially in Mr. Brown’s collection, seem to connect it on the one hand with the
large-flowered varieties of D. parviflorum, and on the other hand, in some measure, with some
forms of L, ferrugineum.

10. L. rufum, R. Br. Herb. A slender much-branched shrub of 1j
to 2 ft., the young branches minutely tomentose. Leaves, as in Z. parvi-
Jorum, linear, obtuse, 1 to 14 in. long, coriaceous, the margins revolute, gla-
brous above, white-tomentose underneath. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 to-
gether in very loose simple racemes, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long. Bracts
linear-subulate, not close to the calyx. Calyx broad, slightly tomentose both
~ Within and without, the segments broader and less acute than in most Lasio-
... Petala, but faintly several-veined, not 1-nerved as in Thomasia. Petals scale-
like, filaments short and anthers contracted at the top as in Z. Baueri, to
Which the species is in many respects nearly allied.

N. S. Wales. St. George's River, R. Brown (Her). R. Br.).

ll. L. ferrugineum, Sm. in Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 208. A tall shrub,
the young branches hoary or rusty with a short tomentum. Leaves on very
short petioles, the longer ones narrow-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 3 or
4 in. long, the margins slightly recurved, entire sinuate or hastate with
short basal lobes, coriaceous, glabrous above, tomentose underneath, the
lower ones often shorter and broader and sometimes cordate-ovate. Cymes
dense, nearly sessile and reflexed. Calyx very angular, the segments ovate,
acute, 3 or rarely 4 lines long, rather thick and tomentose inside as well as
out. Anthers about as long as the filaments. Ovary tomentose ; style gla-
brous, except at the base.—DC. Prod. i. 489 ; Vent. Jard. Malin. t. 59; Bot.

D

264 XXII. STERCULIACER. [ Lasiopetalum.

Mag. t. 1766; J. Gay, in Mem. Mus. Par. vii. 446, t. 18 ; Steetz, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 337; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 141.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 572, aud others; Blue Mountains,
A. Cunningham. E wes

Victoria. Granite ridges of the E. extremity near Mount Imlay, F. Mueller.

Var. cordatum. Leaves shorter, from cordate-ovate to cordate-lanceolate. Cymes looser.
—L. Sieberi, Stegtz, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 338; ZL. rubiginosum, A. Cunn. in Field. N . S. Wales,
' 854; Steetz, l.c, To this variety belong the Blue Mountain and Victorian specimens ; the
small-flowered ones described by Steetz do not otherwise differ from the larger-flowered ones
gathered by Cunningham in the same locality.

12. L. acutiflorum, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 145. Branches
‘densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, cordate-lanceolate, obtuse, 13 to
23 in. long, tomentose above when young, at length glabrous, densely tomen-
tose underneath, coriaceous, with impressed veins, the margins recurved.
Cymes peduneulate, little branched or reduced to simple racemes. Bracteoles
linear-filiform, softly villous. Calyx-segments about 3 lines long, but slightly
united at the base, lanceolate, thick, softly tomentose-villous outside, tomen-
tose inside. Petals thicker than in most species, truncate and almost gland-
like. Filaments very short ; anthers shortly acuminate and opening in short
oblique slits as in most Thomasias. Ovary villous, 5-celled according to
Turezaninow, 3-celled in our specimens ; style glabrous.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 254.

Var. Oldfieldi. Leaves shorter and broader, sometimes ovate-cordate. Petals villous,
whilst in Drammond’s specimens they are only slightly so or glabrous.—-L. Oldfieldi, V.
Muell. Fragm. ii. 6.—Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. quinquenervium. Leaves ovate-cordate, 1 to 2 in. long. Cymes looser. Flowers
larger, the calyx segments fully 4 lines long. Petals more or less villous, Filaments as
long as the petals.— L. guinguenervinm, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 146.—South coast ?

Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 260; Point Henry and Doubtful Island Bay, Oldfield ; W. Mount
Barren, Maxwell.

B. CORETHROSTYLIS, Endl.— Style, so-called scopiform, that is, covered from
below the middle to the summit or near ihe summit with a deuse
mass of prominent horizontal or reflexed stellate hairs, the lower ones
often longer and covering the tips of the closely appressed anthers.

This group, proposed as a genus by Endlicher, appears to me quite artificial. Some
species have also a looser iufloreseence and single bracteoles, but in the first two, the ha-
bit, inflorescence, and 3 bracteoles, are quite those of the true Lastopetala.

13. L. Drummondii, Benth. Branches densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, coriaceous, with recurv
margins, glabrous above when full-grown, densely and softly tomentose under-
neath. Cymes contracted into dense heads, on short recurved peduncles,
softly plumose-villous and white as in Z. discolor. Bracteoles 3, linear-fili-
form, softly villous, as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments lanceolate-linears
about 4 lines long, softly villous outside, glabrous inside. Filaments very
short. Ovary villous ; style scopiform, the tip often glabrous.

W. Australia, Drummond, a single specimen.

14. L. rosmarinifolium, Benih. A much-branched shrub, the young

shoots hoary or rusty, with a close tomentum. Leaves shortly petiolate,
linear, obtuse, | to 2 in. long, coriaceous, with revolute margins, glabrous

Lasiopetaluin.| XXII. STERCULIACER, 265

above when old, tomentose underneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, reflexed,
few-flowered. Bracteoles 3, linear, short. Calyx-segments lanceolate, 3 to
4 lines long, tomentose outside, glabrous within. Anthers almost acuminate,
with oblique pores. Ovary densely tomentose, occasionally 4-celled ; style
scopiform, the tip glabrous.—Sarotes rosmarinifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mose.
1852, ii. 149.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 266, Roe.

Var. /atifolia. Leaves shorter and broader, mostly linear-oblong, 1 to 14 in. long.
Flowers rather smaller.—Sarotes latifolia, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 150; Drum-
mond, 5th Coll. n. 265.

15. L cordifolium, Zoll, i» Hueg. Enum. 10. A low, erect shrub,

‘the young branches hoary with a minute tomentum. Leaves petiolate,

broadly cordate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rarely above 12 in., and mostly
under 1 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous above and not wrinkled, tomentose un-
derneath. Cymes shortly pedunculate, but scarcely exceeding the leaves,
rather dense and few-flowered. Bracteoles linear, solitary, or rarely with 1
or 2 lateral small ones. Calyx very angular, the segments about 2 lines long,
ovate-lanceolate or cordate-acuminate, rather thick, tomentose outside. Petals
none. Anthers nearly sessile. Style scopiform.—Corethrostylis cordifolia,
M in Pl. Preiss. ii. 344; O. microphylla, Turcz. in Bull: Mose. 1852, ii.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, A. Cunningham and others; Mount Melville,
Preiss, n. 1659; south coast? Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 259, and Suppl. n. 39.

16. L. Schulzenii, Benth. A.shrub of several feet, the branches densely
tomentose-villous. Leaves petiolate, deeply eordate, broadly ovate or almost
orbicular, obtuse or scarcely acute, mostly 1} to 2 in. long, pubescent or
tomentose above, or at length glabrous, densely but loosely tomentose
underneath, sometimes almost floccose. Cymes loose, many-flowered, but
rarely exceeding the leaves. Bracteoles 1 or 2, linear-filiform, small. Calyx
softly tomentose, the segments 3 or 4 lines long, rather thin, glabrous inside,
except on the margins. Petals usually present. Filaments short. Ovary
tomentose. Style scopiform,—Corethrostylis Schulzeni, F. in Muell. Trans.
Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 36, and Pl. Vict. i. 145.

Victoria. Cape Nelson, 4//itt; entrance of the Glenelg river, J. E. Woods. `
S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown; Mount Benson, near Cape Bernouille and
Guichen Bay, Schulzen ; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

l7. L. floribundum, Benth. Branches slender, more or less tomentose
or hirsute, or rarely nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate,
obtuse, mostly 3 to 2 in. long, entire or irregularly sinuate or broadly lobed,
thin, but rigid, glabrous, scabrous, or sprinkled with stellate hairs above,
more or less stellate-hairy or sometimes tomentose underneath, rarely quite
glabrous. Cymes slender, often twice forked, longer than the leaves, hirsute
or tomentose. Bracteoles solitary or rarely 2, minute and filiform, inserted on
the slender pedicel above or below the middle. Calyx tomentose or hirsute
at the base, the segments 2 to 3 lines long, narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, gla-
brous inside. Petals none. Anthers nearly sessile. Style scopiform.— Core-
throstylis parviflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1847, i. 174 (from the character

given); C. oppositifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 6.

266 XXII. STERCULIACER. [Lasiopetalum.

WV. Australia, Drummond, ». 28 and 156, Oldfield, Maxwell: Darling Range,
Collie ; between Perth and King George's Sound, Harvey. The upper leaves are often he
and there opposite, as in a few other Lasiopetala.

18. L. molle, Benth. Branches hoary or rusty-tomentose. Leaves
petiolate, cordate, from orbicular and very ‘obtuse to ovate-acuminate or
almost lanceolate, but never acute, 1 to 2 in. long, or in some specimens
under 1 in., entire or sinuate, thick, soft and much-wrinkled, scabrous-pubes-
cent above, densely tomentose underneath. Cymes little-branched, loose,
and several-flowered, but scarcely exceeding the leaves. Bracteoles solitary,
broadly ovate, membranous and coloured, 3 to 4 lines long, close to the calyx.
Calyx loosely tomentose-villous, the segments fully 3 lines long, including `
their long points, glabrous inside. Petals none. Anthers nearly sessile. Ovary
tomentose ; style scopiform.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 26 and 108.

19. L. membranaceum, Benth. A low shrub, the young branches
hispid with stipitate stellate hairs, and slightly tomentose. Leaves petiolate,
deeply cordate, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, rigidly membra-
nous, much wrinkled, green on both sides, and more or less sprinkled with
rigid stellate hairs. Cymes forked, pedunculate, usually longer than the
leaves, hirsute and apparently viscid. Bracteoles solitary, ovate, acuminate,
membranous and coloured, inserted below the middle or near the base of the
pedicel. Calyx tomentose-villous outside, the segments ovate-lanceolate, less
acuminate than in Z. bracteatum, to which this species is closely allied, differ-
ing chiefly in the indumentum.—Corethrdstylis membranacea, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 236 ; Steetz, l. c. ii. 343.

ih Australia, Drummond, n. 155, Oldfield ; sandy woods, Port Leschenault, Preiss,
n. 1656.

20. L. bracteatum, Benth. A shrub of 2 ft. or more, the branches
tomentose and hirsute with long brown stellate hairs. Leaves broadly ovate-
cordate, usually rather acute, 1 to 2 in. long, entire or the margins slightly
erisped, thinly coriaceous, scabrous or glabrous, and not wrinkled above, to-
mentose and sometimes hirsute underneath. Cymes forked, many-flowered,
longer than the leaves, hirsute. Bracteoles solitary, ovate, membranous and
coloured, inserted below the middle or near the base of the slender pedicels.
Calyx hirsute outside at the base, the segments about 4 lines long, with long
fine points, glabrous within, dark coloured and somewhat thickened at the
base, less deeply separated in this and the last species than in most others of
the genus. Petals usually none. Anthers nearly sessile. Ovary tomentose;
style scopiform.—COorethrostylis bracteata; Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 1; Steetz,
in Pl. Preiss. ii. 343; Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 47; C. coriacea, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 236,

W. Australia. Swan River, Huegel, Drummond, lst Coll. and 2nd Coll. n. 65;
Preiss, n. 1637.

19. LYSIOSEPALUM, F. Muell.

Sepals 5, petal-like, quite free, valvate in the bud, and then enclosed in the
thick valvate bracteoles. Petals 5, minute and scale-like. Stamens 5, free;

Lysiosepalum ` XXII. STERCULIACER. 267

opposite the petals, without intervening staminodia. Anthers opening at the top
į. in pores or short slits, sometimes extending at length down the sides. Ovary
1 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell; style simple, glabrous. Capsule

, Shorter than the calyx, opening loculicidally in 3 valves, tomentose. Seeds
(not seen ripe) like those of Zhomasia.—Shrubs, with nearly the habit of
Thomasia angustifolia and its allies. Stipules very small and cordate or none.

The genus is limited to Australia, and remarkable for the calyx-like bracts and petal-like

sepals,
Leaves almost or quite sessile. Bracteoles ovate . . . . . . . LL Barryanum,
Leaves distinctly petiolate, Bracteoles oblong or lanceolate. . . . 2. L. rugosum.

l. L. Barryanum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 143. A small shrub, densely
clothed with a short soft velvety tomentum. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ob-
long-linear, obtuse, mostly $ to $ in. long, the margins much revolute,
wrinkled and tomentose. ‘Stipules very small and cordate or none. Racemes
loose, few-flowered, much longer than the leaves. Bracteoles ovate, 2 to 3
lines long, thick and densely tomentose, completely enclosing the bud, like a
valvate 3-sepaled outer calyx. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3 or 4 lines long,
coloured and petal-like. Anthers acuminate, nearly sessile. Ovary covered
with closely-packed oblong scales, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell.—-Zhomasia
involucrata, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 143.

z W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 255; in the interior, Roe:
Flats of Phillips River, Marweli. In these specimens the flowers are smaller than in
Drummond's,

2. E rugosum, Benth. A small shrub, closely allied to Z. Barryanum,
and much resembling in habit, foliage, and indumentum, Thomasia angusti-
folia. Branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves shortly, but distinctly petiolate,
narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, 3 to 1 in. long, much wrinkled, the margins revo-
lute, slightly hoary above, more densely tomentose underneath. Stipules very
small. Racemes slender, several-flowered. Involucre at first ovoid, but
lengthening much before the flower expands, the bracteoles at length lanceo-
late, 4 lines long, thick and tomentose as in L. Barryanum. Sepals petal-

e, about as long as the bracteoles, broadly oblong. Filaments very short ;
anthers shortly acuminate. Ovary covered with a close scaly tomentum,
with several ovules in each cell.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond.

Orver XXIII. TILIACEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Sepals 5, rarely 3 or
4, free or more or less cohering, usually valvate. Petals as many or fewer or
hone, alternate with the sepals, inserted round the base of the torus.

tamens indefiuite, rarely reduced to very few, inserted on the torus, which is
often raised or disk-like. Filaments free or slightly united at the base.
Anthers 2-celled, with parallel or rarely divaricate cells, opening in longitu-
dinal slits or in terminal pores. Ovary free, sessile, 2- or more celled. Style
simple and entire, or divided at the top into as many stigmatic teeth or lobes
as there are cells. Ovules 1, 2, or more in each cell, erect, pendulous, or

268 XXIII. TILIACER.

horizontal. Fruit capsular or indehiscent, with single- or several-seeded cells,
where several-seeded the cells often subdivided by spurious vertical or trans-
verse partitions. Seeds without any arillus, the testa usually coriaceous or
crustaceous. Albumen fleshy, rarely deficient. Embryo straight or rarely
curved or slightly folded. Cotyledons leafy or rarely fleshy, the radicle next
to the hilum, usually shorter than the cotyledons.—Trees, shrubs, or rarely
herbs. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple, with pinnate or pal-
mate nerves, entire, toothed, or rarely lobed. Stipules usually free, and small
or deciduous. Flowers axillary, terminal or leaf-opposed, usually in little
cymes, often almost umbellate, either solitary and sessile or pedunculate, or
arranged in panicles,

A large Order, chiefly tropical or subtropical, spread over both the New and the Old
World, with one extratropical genus (Zi/ia) in the northern and another (Aristotelia) in the
southern hemisphere. The Australian genera are none of them endemic, the extratropical
Aristotelia is common to Chili and New Zealand. The others are all tropical and Asiatic,
Grewia extending into Africa and Corchorus also partially into America, whilst Triumfetta
belongs equally to the New and the Old World.

Anthers short, with confluent cells. Calyx irregularly 3- to 5-lobed.
Petals entire. Capsule loculicidal, each valve 2-wiuged . . . . 1. BERRYA.
Anthers short, with 2 parallel distinct cells opening longitudinally.
Sepals distinct. Petals entire,
Drupe indehiscent, not echinate, entire or 2-lobed. Petals narrow,
short, with a foveolate base. Trees or shrubs . . .'. . . 2. GREWIA.
Fruit globular, echinate, indehiscent, or separating into 1-seeded
cocci. Petals narrow, with a foveolate or pubescent base.
PH UNES 1o ES t. or i S 3. VUL Leod TRIUMEFEIRA:
Capsule 2-to 5-celled, with several seeds in each, opening in valves,
usually long and smooth, rarely short and echinate. Petals
usually obovate or broad, without a foveola. Shrubs or herbs . 4. CORCHORUS.
Anthers elongated, opening in terminal valves or pores. Sepals dis-
tinct. Petals (except in one species) lobed or fringed.
Sepals 4, imbricate in 2 series. Capsule echinate, 4-valved . . 5. ECHINOCARPUS.
Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Fruit a berry. . . . . . . . . . 6, ARISTOTELIA.
Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Fruitadrupe . . . . . . . . . T. ELEOCARPUS.

1. BERRYA, Roxb. -

Calyx campanulate, irregularly 3- to 5-lobed. Petals 5, without any
foveola at the base. Stamens numerous, free, without staminodia ; anthers
subglobose, the cells at length confluent into one. Torus not raised. Ovary
(2- ? or) 3-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell ; style subulate (2- ? or) 3-lobed

(or the styles distinct ?). Capsule nearly globular, opening loculicidally inc

2 or 3 valves, each valve bearing 2 vertical, diverging, coriaceous wings.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, densely covered with rigid hairs; albumen fleshy;
cotyledons leafy, flat—' Trees. Leaves entire, 5- or T-nerved. Flowers
small, white, the umbel-like cymes arranged in a terminal panicle.

The genus consists of a single species, common to tropical Australia and Asia.

1. B. Ammonilla, Roxb. Pl. Corom. iii, 60, t. 264, var. rotundifolia.
A small tree, the young branches slightly tomentose. Leaves cordate-orbi-
eular, very obtuse, 3 or 4 in. diameter, rigidly membranous, glabrous when
full-grown. Flowers of the Australian variety unknown, except from some

Berrya.] XXII. TILIACEA. 269

fragments remaining about the fruits seen by R. Brown, in which he ascer-
tained that the calyx was lobed and the stamens numerous. Capsule (always?)
2-celled, the wings broadly obovate, about } in. long, sinuate-crenate on the
margin. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell.

Queensland. Cumberland Islands, R. Brown (Hb. R, Br.). The shape of the fruit
and its wings and the seeds are the same as in the Asiatic B. Ammonilla, Roxb., DC. Prod. `
1. 517, Wight, Ill. t. 34 ; but as that species has acuminate leaves and a 3-celled capsule,
I had at first thought that this one might be distinct. I find, however, some Ceylon spe-
cmmens with the same rounded leaves, and the Australian specimens are not sufficient
to show whether the reduced number of carpels is more than accidental.

2. GREWIA, Linn.

Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 5, with a foveola or thickened cavity at the
base, usually shorter than the calyx, inserted round the hase of the torus.
Stamens indefinite, inserted on the raised torus. Ovary 2- to 4-celled,
with 2 or more ovules in each cell ; style subulate, minutely toothed or lobed.
Drupe containing 1 to 4 pyrenes or nuts, entire or 2- or 4-lobed, the nuts
either 1-seeded or 2- or more seeded, and then divided by transverse parti-
tions between the seeds. Seeds ascending or horizontal, the albumen usually
copious, the cotyledons flat.— Trees or shrubs, the hairs or-tomentum stellate.

aves entire or serrate, 3- to 7-nerved. Stipules narrow, deciduous.
Flowers usually yellow, the umbel-like cymes axillary or terminal. In the
Australian species (except G. breviflora) the ovary is 2-celled, but each cell is
subdivided by a vertical, nearly complete partition, so as to appear 4-celled,
with two or rarely more superposed ovules in each half-cell, each half-cell
aing in the fruit a separate nut, with 1 or rarely more superposed seeds in
each.

The genus is a large one, widely spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the

bei World. Of the Australian species, 3 extend over tropical Asia, the remaining 5 are
endemic,

Here glabro or nearly so, 3-nerved at the base. Flowers herma-
phrodite,

Sepals 7 to 9 lines. Petals small, the foveola very large. Torus
elongated. Fruit depressed-globose, not lobed, $ in. diameter or : S
EE (5 1-0. VV E E Te OP,

Sepals about 4 lines. Petals very small, the foveula large. ‘Torus
Short. Fruit small, 2-lobed (unless reduced to one carpel) .

. 2 G. multiflora.
Sepals about 2 lines. Petals more than half as long, the foveola

e Së N

very small. Torus short. Fruit small, entire. . . . . . 3. G. breviflora.
Leaves softly velvety-tomentose underneath, 3 or 5-nerved. Flowers Ge
hermaphrodite. Petals small, foveola large . . G. latifolia,

ves white-tomentose underneath or scabrous, 3- or 5-nerved.
Flowers polygamo-dicecious.
Leaves obovate-oblong to lanceolate, Foveolate base of the petals
broader than the lamina. . . . 2... ee ee + 8. & polygama.
ves ovate or orbicular. Foveolate base of the petals small. ` :
Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, often 3 to 4 in. Staminodia
in the female flowers numerous, clavate, without anthers . . 6. G. zanthopetala.
Leaves small, ovate-obtuse. Stamens in the female flowers 1 or
2 apparently perfect, without staminodia. Buds not striate . 7. G. scabrella.
eaves small, orbieular, very scabrous. Buds striate. (Female ee
flowers unknown.) . . . . . RES G. orbifolia.

p

D H LI

270 XXIII. TILIACER. [ Grewia.

1. G. orientalis, Linn.; W. and Arn. Prod. 16. A tall, rather weak
shrub, glabrous, except a minute tomentum on the young shoots, or sparingly
sprinkled on the under side of the leaves and more abundant on the inflores-
cence. Leaves shortly petiolate, from oval-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, 3 to 4 in. long, minutely crenulate, 3-nerved at the base. Peduncles
1- or 2-flowered, axillary or the upper ones forming a short terminal panicle.
Sepals rusty-tomentose, 7 to 9 lines long. Petals not half so long, the foveo-
late base broader than and almost as long as the lamina, pubescent round the
edge. Torus elongated. Stamens very numerous. Drupe depressed-globu-
lar, 1 to $ in. diameter, flat-topped, slightly furrowed but not lobed, minutely
tomentose with a few short straight hairs intermixed, containing usually 4 nuts,
each with 2 or 3 horizontal, superposed seeds, separated by transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Van Diemen’s Gulf, 4. Cunningham ; islands of the Gulf of Carpen-
taria, R. Brown.

sland. N.E. coast, Banks and Solander ; Northumberland Islands, R. Brown.
The species is not uncommon in Ceylon apd a part of the Indian peninsula.

Var. latifolia. Leaves ovate-cordate, crenate, fruit more densely pubescent. Port
Denison, Fitzalan.

2. G. multiflora, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. iv. 89, t.47,f.1. A shrub or
tree, with rather slender branches, glabrous or sprinkled with a few appres
simple or stellate hairs. Leaves from ovate-acuminate to elliptical-oblong or
almost lanceolate, 3 or 4 in. long or sometimes more, serrate, 3-nerved at the
base. Peduncles axillary, usually 2 or three together, 2- to 5-flowered.
Sepals lanceolate, about 4 lines long, minutely tomentose. Petals very short,
the broad foveolate base villous round the edge, not longer than the short
torus, the lamina still smaller. Stamens numerous. Ovary hirsute, with 2
superposed ovules in each half-cell. Drupe small, sprinkled with a few rigid
hairs, deeply 2-lobed or entire by the abortion of one carpel, with 2 nuts 1n
each carpel, each containing a single seed.— DC. Prod. i. 508.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Percy Islands, A. Cunningham. f

The species was originally described from Philippine Island specimens; our Australian
ones agree well with Jussieu’s figure, as well as with Cuming’s specimens, n. 461, 701, and
1515. The common East Indian G. sepiaria, Roxb., as well as G. prunifolia, A. Gray,
Bot. Amer. Expl. Exp. i. 77, said to be a common shrub on the leeward coast of the Fijt
Islands, appear from our specimens to be the same species, which we have also from Java
and Singapore, although not included in Miquel’s Flora. It is, however, frequently pi

founded with G. Zevigafa, Vahl, which differs in longer flowers, a more raised torus,
several other points. ;

3. G. breviflora, Benth. A large spreading shrub or small tree, the
young shoots slightly tomentose, otherwise nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate,
obliquely ovate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous or slightly scabrous.
Peduncles usually 3 or 4 together, 3- to 5-flowered, unequal in length, but
rarely exceeding the petioles: Sepals elliptical-oblong, more obtuse than in
any other species, not exceeding 2 lines, rather thick, tomentose outside.
Petals more than half as long, with a very small foveolate base. Stamens
numerous. Ovary hirsute, 2-celled, with 2 superposed ovules in each half-cell.
Drupe depressed-globular, quite entire, about 3 lines diameter, glabrous ©"
slightly hairy, broad and flat-topped, the hard almost woody endocarp scarcely

Grewia. ] XXIII. TILIACEJE. 271

separating into 2 nuts, each one containing when perfect 2 superposed pairs of
seeds placed singly in separate compartments, but often fewer by abortion.

"N. Australia. Cygnet Bay, 4. Cunningham; N.W. coast, Bynoe; islands of the
Bay of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

4. G. latifolia, F. Muell. Herb. A shrub or tree, the branches stellate-
tomentose. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate, ovate, 3 or 4 in, long, irregn-
larly serrate, scabrous-pubescent above and wrinkled, softly tomentose or hir-
sute underneath. Peduncles 2 or 3 together, 2- to 5-flowered, of unequal
length, but scarcely exceeding the petioles. Sepals softly villous, 4 to 5 lines
long, acute. Petals about one-third as long, the broad foveolate base as long
as the small lamina. Torus considerably elevated. Stamens numerous.
Ovary hirsute, 2-celled, with 2 superposed ovules in each half-cell. Fruit
depressed-globular, 5 or 6 lines diameter, hirsute when young, at length
shining and nearly glabrous, 2-lobed, each lobe containing 2 1-seeded nuts
and slightly furrowed between them.—G. Richardiana, Hook. in Mitch.
Trop. Austr, 383 ; not Walp.

, Queensland. Islands off the N. coast, R. Brown; Bustard Bay, Banks; Brisbane
river, Fraser, F. Mueller; Moreton Island and Peak Downs, F. Mueller; St George's
Bridge on the Balonne, Afitchel/.

The foliage is nearly that of G, asiatica, Linn., with the fruit of G. polygama, Roxb., and
the flowers different from both. In some flowers, I have seen the style divided some way
below the dilated fringed stigmas.

5. G. polygama, “Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 588. An erect shrub, the branches
tomentose or softly hirsute. Leaves almost sessile, from obovate-oblong to
oblong-elliptical or almost lanceolate, 9 to 3 in. long, serrate, wrinkled and
softly pubescent or scarcely scabrous above, velvety-tomentose underneath.
Flowers diæœeious, 3 or 4 together on very short peduncles. Sepals about 4
lines long, silky-tomentose outside. Petals about one-third as long, the oblong
lamina twice as long as the broad foveolate base. Male fl.: Stamens about
20, on the very hirsute torus, with a very rudimentary pistil or none at all.
Female fl. : Stamens very short, with small anthers. Ovary very hirsute,
With 2 superposed ovules in each half-cell. Style short, with broad, spread-
Ing, fringed stigmatic lobes. Drupe depressed-globular, 5 or 6 lines dia-
meter, hirsute when young, at length smooth and shining, 2-lobed, each lobe
Containing 2 1-seeded nuts and slightly furrowed between them.

N. Australia. Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers and Aruhem's Land, F. Mueller ;
i Island, A. Cunningham ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Swears

and, Henne,

Queensland. Cape York and Port Molle, M‘Gillivray; Bay of Inlets,. Banks ;
Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Percy Islands, 4. Cunningham ; Rockhampton, F. Mueller ; Port

mson, Fitzalan.

€ species spreads over a great part of East India.

,9. G. xanthopetala, F. Mull. Herb. Young branches tomentose-
hirsute. Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, the
larger ones 3 or 4 in. long, serrate, minutely pubescent above, tomentose un-

erneath or at length nearly glabrous, 5-nerved at the base or rarely 3-nerved.

stipules rather broader than in the other species. Flowers dicecious, in ses-
sile, several-flowered clusters, the males not seen. Female fl. : Sepals 2 to 3
lines long, obtuse, softly villous outside. Petals about half as long, some-

272 XXIII. TILIACER. [ Grewia.

times notched at the top, the foveola at the base small. ‘Torus short. Sta-
minodia very numerous, scarcely exceeding the ovary, clavate, without anthers.
Ovary villous, with 2 superposed ovules in each half-cell. Style short, with
broad, spreading, fringed, stigmatic lobes. Fruit (only seen young) small,
depressed-globular, with 2 1-seeded nuts.

N. Australia. Sandstone rocks, Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

7. G. scabrella, Benth. A shrub with the habit of G. orbifolia, but
the tomentum rather more sparing. Leaves broadly ovate, but not so rounded
as in that species nor quite so rigid, 1 to 14 in. long. Flowers in small ses-
sile clusters, apparently dicecious, the males not seen. Female tl.: Sepals
softly tomentose, 2 to 24 lines long, the buds not striate, as in G. orbifolia,
Petals nearly as long as the sepals, glabrous, with a small foveola at the base,
less distinct than in most species. Stamens l or sometimes 2 or 3, appa-
rently perfect, without staminodia. Ovary oblong, villous, with 2 superpose
ovules: in each half-cell. Style very short, with broad, fringed, spreading,
stigmatic lobes.

Queensland. Mackenzie and Dawson rivers, F. Mueller.

8. G. orbifolia, F. Muell. Herb. A much-branched shrub, the young
shoots tomentose. Leaves petiolate, nearly orbicular or broadly obovate, very .
obtuse, irregularly serrulate, $ to 14 in. diameter, 3- or 5-nerved at the base,
scabrous-tomentose on both sides. Flowers diceciofis, in small sessile clus-
ters. Male fl.: Sepals 2 to 23 lines long, tomentose, the buds striate.
Petals fully 4 as long, pubescent outside, the foveola of the base not broader
than the lamina. Stamens rather short, inserted on the hirsute torus round the
small very rudimentary pistil. Female flower and fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Sandstone rocks of the Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

3. TRIUMFETTA, Linn.

Sepals 5, distinct, usually concave, or with a dorsal point or appendage at
the top. Petals 5, thickened and globular, or foveolate at the base, inserted
round the base of the torus, rarely wanting. Stamens indefinite, or rarely
reduced to 5 or 10, free, inserted on the raised torus; anther-cells opening
longitudinally. Ovary 2- to 5-celled, with 2 collateral ovules in each cell ; style
filiform, stigma minutely 2- to 5-toothed. Fruit globular or nearly 50, echi-
nate or bristly, indehiseent or (in species not Australian) separating into
cocci. Seeds in each coccus or cell solitary, or, if 2, separated by verti
dissepiments, pendulous, albuininous; embryo straight; cotyledons flat,
leafy.— Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, with the hairs or tomentum stellate.
Leaves serrate, entire, or 3- or 5-lobed. Flowers yellow, in little pedunculate
or almost sessile cymes or clusters, either leaf-opposed or lateral, rarely stri ly
axillary. Petals usually narrow and not exceeding the calyx, especially m
the Old World species.

A considerable genus, widely spread over the tropical regions of both the New and the
Old World. Ofthe Australian species, one, a maritime plant, extends to several of the Sou
Pacifie islands, the others are all endemic.

Triumfetta.) XXIII. TILIACER. e 273

Ovary 3- to 5-celled, Fruit 3- to 8-celled, with 1 seed in each cell.
Leaves round-cordate, entire or lobed. Fruit rather large, with
two cells and seeds to each carpel,
Stems prostrate. Leaves mostly lobed. Sepals 4 to 5 lines
with minute pointed appendages . . . . . . . . .
Shrub densely woolly-tomentose. Leaves undivided. Sepals
above 4 in. with leafy toothed appendages. . . . . .
Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fruit small, with as many cells and
seeds as carpels. Erect tomentose shrubs.
Broader leaves obovate-rhomboid. Calyx appendages ovate-
peltate. (Fruit unknown) . . . $1: 7.154
Broader leaves cordate-lanceolate. Calyx appendages small, `

obtuse. Fruit depressed-globular, 5-celled, nearly gla-
iu —.. p. à 4. T. denticulata.

Broader leaves obovate-cordate. Calyx appendages small, i
acute. Fruit ovoid-globular, 4-celled, very tomentose . . 5. T. micracantha,
Ovary 2-celled. Fruit 1-seeded. :
Fruit covered with long soft plumose sete . . . . . . 6.7. plumigera,
Fruit very small, scarcely pubescent, shortly echinate . . . 7. T. parviflora.

A. Cunningham's herbarium contains also specimens from the N.W. coast of two other
Species apparently either of Zriwmfetta or Grewia, but too imperfect to determine.

l. T. procumbens, Forst.; DC. Prod. i. 508. Stems procumbent-or
prostrate and rooting at the joints, often attaining several feet, the branches
shortly ascending, tomentose. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate or or-
bicular, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, crenate, or more or less deeply divided
Into 3 or 5 lobes, nearly glabrous above, more tomentose underneath. Pe-
duncles short, few-flowered. - Sepals 4 or 5 lines long, with small pointed
appendages. Ovary hirsute and papillose, 3- or 4-celled, each cell again
divided into 2. Fruit globular, about } in. diameter, glabrous or villous,
covered with hard conical prickles; endocarp hard, divided into 6 or 8 one-
seeded cells,— Guillem. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. ser. 2, vii. 365; Hook and Arn.
Bot. Beech. 60.

Queensland. Maritime sands, Northumberland Islands, R. Brown ; Fitzroy Island, 4.
Cunningham ; Frankland Islands, Mf Gillivray ; Howick Islands, F. Mueller.

The species is found in several islands of the Eastern Archipelago, and the Pacific, where
the leaves are usually entire or not very deeply 3-lobed; Cunningham’s specimens agree
very well with these, in all the others (generally far advanced) the leaves are deeply 3- or
9-lobed, with glabrous fruits.

2. T. appendiculata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. T. Shrubby, the whole
plant densely tomentose-villous, or almost woolly. Leaves petiolate, broadly
Ovate-cordate, obtuse, 2°to 4 in. long, crenate, and sometimes sinuate-lobed,
very soft and thick. Peduncles mostly 3-flowered. Sepals above $ in. long,
Woolly-tomentose, the dorsal appendages leafy and toothed, spreading, aud
forming on the bud a kind of cup. Ovary hirsute, 3-celled. Capsule glo-
bular, hard, indehiscent, very villous, about as large as in 7. procuméens, but
the prickles not so rigid, and sometimes wearing off; endocarp hard, divided
into 6 one-seeded cells.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N.W. coast, F. Gregory ; islands of the Gulf of Carpen-
taria, R Brown.

3. T. glaucescens, R. Br. Herb. Shrubby, with tomentose branches.

ves petiolate, from- obovate-rhomboid to lanceolate, acute, or somewhat
YOL. T. e T

L T. procumbens.

2. T. appendiculata.

3. T. glaucescens.

274 : XXIII. TILIACEJE. [ Triumfetta.

obtuse, 14 to 2 in. long, serrate-crenate, rather thick, roughly tomentose-
pubescent above, hoary-tomentose underneath. Peduncles very short, few-
flowered. Sepals about 3 lines long, tomentose, the dorsal appendages
broadly ovate-peltate, thick and gland-like, forming a radiating disk on the,
thick truncate buds. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

4. T. denticulata, R. Br. Herb. An erect, much-branched shrub, of
2 or 3 ft., the branches tomentose-villous. Leaves petiolate, from ovate-cor-
date to lanceolate, acute, 14 to 3 in. long, slightly serrate-crenate, scabrous-
pubescent above, tomentose underneath. Peduncles very short, several-
flowered. Sepals about 3 lines long, pubescent, the small glabrous dorsal
appendages obovate or cuneate, and quite distinct round the top of the trun-
cate buds. Fruit depressed-globular, about 2 lines diameter, umbilicate,
glabrous or nearly so, tuberculate or muricate with minute fine prickles, 5-
celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.

N. Australia. Cavern Island and Groote Eyland in the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
(Hb. R. Br.)

:5. T. micracantha, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 7. Shrubby, erect, the
branches closely tomentose or almost villous. Leaves petiolate, from broadly
-obovate-cordate to narrow rhomboid-oblong, or the upper ones lanceolate, the
larger ones 2 to 3 in. long, serrate, with the lower teeth glandular, soft and
thick with a close whitish tomentum or villous-tomentose on both sides.
Peduncles about as long as the petioles, with about 4 pedicellate flowers.
Sepals about 3 lines long, the dorsal appendage small and pointed. Petals
none (in the buds I have opened). Fruit ovoid-globose, scarcely above 3
lines long, densely tomentose, the small prickles often scarcely exceeding the
wool ; endocarp hard, 4-celled, with one seed in each cell.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Hooker’s and Sturt’s creeks and Abel Tasman river, F.
Mueller. There are two forms, differing in the tomentum either close and whitish or dense
and almost woolly. The species much resembles in aspect the common African T. glandu-
losa, Forsk. (T. Vahlii, Poir., T. glandulosa, Lam., aud T. velutina, Vahl), which however has
separable cocci.

_ 6. T. plumigera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 69. Shrubby, with erect nearly
simple branches, closely or loosely tomentose. Leaves from cuneate-oblong
to lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long, rather thick, and either closely whitish tomen-
tose or roughly tomentose-villous on both sides. Cymes or clusters several-
flowered, nearly sessile, or the lower ones pedunculate. Sepals scarcely above
2 lines long, the dorsal appendages small and pointed. Stamens rather nu-
merous. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit 1-seeded (or sometimes 2-seeded ?), small,
but covered with long soft plumose-villous setze, which often attain 4 lines
when the fruit is ripe. ?

N. Australia. Montague Sound, 4. Cunningham ; N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Depot Creek,
sources of the Victoria river, F. Mueller. The species is nearly allied to the S. African

ageet a Sond., which has however larger flowers, aud the sete of the fruit more than
in. long.

7. 'T. parviflora, Benth. An erect, rigid herb, the branches stellate-
pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, narrow-oblong, obtuse, 1 to 14 in. long;

E an

Triumfetta.) XXIII, TILIACER, 215

crenate, wrinkled and roughly pubescent above, tomentose underneath.

‘Flowers minute, in nearly sessile clusters. Sepals scarcely more than 1 line
long, with a small dorsal point. Petals rather shorter. Stamens very few

(5 according to Brown's notes). Ovary hispid, stigma 2-lobed. Fruit glo-

` bular, 1-seeded, about 1 line diameter, shortly echinate and slightly pubescent.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

4. CORCHORUS, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, without any cavity at the base. Sta-
mens indefinite, rarely few, inserted on a torus scarcely raised, but occasionally
expanded in a disk round their base; anther-cells opening longitudinally.
Ovary 2- to 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell; style short, simple.
Capsule either long without prickles, or short or globular and more or less
Warted, muricate or echinate, opening loculicidally in 2 to 5 valves, with
several seeds in each cell, rarely separated by transverse partitions. Seeds
pendulous or horizontal, albuminous ; embryo usually curved, with leafy coty-
ledons.—Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, with simple or stellate hairs. Leaves
serrate. Peduncles very short, lateral or leaf-opposed, bearing 1 or several
flowers. Bracts small. ` Flowers usually small, yellow.

A considerable genus, of which a few species appear to be limited to tropical America or
to Australia, the remainder generally dispersed over various tropical regious in the Old as
Well as the New World. Of the 13 Australian species 9 are endemic, the remaining 4 are
common weeds in tropical Asia and Africa. The fruit in this genus is often indispensable
for determining the species.

Annuals (or biennials), glabrous or loosely pubescent.
Capsule globular or ovoid, very obtuse.
Capsule echinate, 3- or 4-celled. . . . . + + + + + LL C. echinatus.
Capsule slightly warted, 2- or 8-celled. . . . . . . . 2. C. hygrophilus.
Capsule (3 to $ in. long) rather thick, angular or winged.
Capsule aeute or acuminate, angular but not winged. Stamens
HüWer Qoo. o. QULA EEN EE F
Capsule 3-winged, truncate at the top, with 3 diverging
points. Stamens under 20. Flowers very small . . . 6. C. acutangulus.
Capsule linear, not winged,
Capsule $ to 2 in. Lower pair of serratures of the leaves
ending in fine setze. Stamens numerous. rie
Capsule 5-celled, the transverse partitions conspicuous . . 4. C. o/itorius.
Capsule 3- or 4-celled, without transverse partitions . . 5, C. tridens.
Capsule under 4 in., 2. or 3-celled. Leaves without setze.
Flowers very small. Stamens few. Pubescent plants. e i
Capsule 3-celled, erect or spreading, 3-toothed at the top . 7. C. fascicularis.
E apsule 2-celled, reflexed, very hirsute, rather acute. . . 8. C. pumilio.
ndershrubs or shrubs more or less tomentose or hirsute.
Fruiting pedicels recurved. Capsule linear, curved or twisted,
more or less torulose, 2- or 3-celled.
Low diffuse shrubs or undershrubs. Capsule few-seeded.
Sepals under 2 lines. Stamens about 10. Capsule 3 or
4 lines long, very hispid, slightly curved x eae
Sepals under 2 lines. Stamens about 20. Capsule elon-
gated, much twisted, torulose, glabrous . . . . . -
Sepals 3 to 4 lines. Stamens numerous. Capsule tomen-
tose, slender but notiwisted . . . . 2... . 10.6. Serie
` A T

. €. Cunninghamii.

eo

8. C. pumilio.

9. C. vermicularis.

276 XXII. TILIACE2. [Corchorus.

Erect shrubs. Capsule tomentose, elongated, many-seeded.
Tomentum scabrous or almost villous. Sepals 2 or 3 lines.
Petals narrow . A ee Seet ;
Tomentum soft, close and hoary. Sepals 4 lines or more.
Perel Dredd - 9. E S os e e Cp Oem
Capsule erect, straight, not twice as long as the calyx, 5-celled. — 13. C. Walcottüi.

11. C. sidoides.

1. C. echinatus, Benth. An erect annual, glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves petiolate, from ovate-lanceolate to oblong, rather obtuse, serrate, the
lowest pair of serratures rarely bearing short sete. Pedicels 1 to 3, often
as long as the petioles, on a very short common peduncle. Buds globular.
Sepals 2} to 3 lines long. Petals broad, rather longer. Ovary obtuse,
tuberculate. Capsule ovoid-globular, 3 to 5 lines long, very obtuse, gla-
brous, densely echinate with short recurved soft prickles, 3- or 4-celled.
Seeds usually 6 to 8 in each cell, in two rows, without transverse partitions.
—Triumfetta macropetala, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 8.

N. Australia. Hooker’s and Sturt’s creeks, sources of the Victoria river, F. Mueller.

2. C. hygrophilus, 4. Cunn. Herb. A tall, erect, glabrous herb, appa-
rently annual. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to
5 in. long, acutely and irregularly toothed. Cymes several-flowered, reflexed,
shortly pedunculate, but rarely equalling the petioles. Flowers small,
the buds obovoid, contracted at the base. Petals the length of the calyx.
Stamens numerous, on a raised torus. Capsule globular or ovoid-oblong,
very obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, more or less tuberculate, 2- or 3-celled. Seeds
8 or more in 2 rows in each cell, without transverse partitions.

Queensland. Cleveland Bay, 4. Cunningham.

3. C. Cunninghamii, P Muell. Fragm. iii. 8. A tall erect glabrous
herb, annual, or sometimes perhaps perennial. Leaves petiolate, from cor-
date-ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, coarsely serrate, without
sete. Peduncles short, bearing a cyme of 3 to 7 or 8 flowers, on rather
long pedicels. Buds oboyoid, narrowed at the base. Stamens numerous, 4
on a raised torus. Ovary narrowed at the top. Capsule narrow-oblong,
acute, $ to $ in. long, slightly 3- or 4-angled, 3- or 4-celled, with numerous
seeds in each cell.

. Queensland. Dawson and Burnett rivers and Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Brisbane
river, Fraser. E dt

4. C. olitorius, Linn.; W.and Arn. Prod. 13. An erect annual, of
2 ft. or more, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves from ovate-acuminate to lan-
ceolate, 2 to 3 in. long or more, serrate, the lowest pair of serratures end-
ing in spreading or recurved setze: Flowers single or 2 together, on very
short pedicels, the buds obovoid-globular. Stamens numerous, on a sm
torus. Capsule linear, often above 2 in. long, slightly 5-angled, 5-celled,
with numerous seeds, separated by almost complete transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Van Diemen's Gulf, 4, Cunni ies is"common in
tropical Asia and Africa. M MP PM M

5. C. tridens, Lin. ; JW. and Arn. Prod, 13. A glabrous, hard annual,
with decumbent ascending or erect branches. Leaves mostly lanceolate,
rather obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate-serrate, the lowest pair of serratures

Corchorus.] XXIII. TILIACER, 277

terminating in sete as in C. olitorius. Flowers small, nearly sessile, usually
2 or 3 together. Stamens numerous, the torus scarcely raised. Capsule
linear, rigid, 2 to 12 in. long, straight or curved, glabrous, 3- or 4-celled,
and often terminating in as many very short spreading points or teeth.
Seeds numerous, without any, or with very imperfect, transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Islands of the N. coast, R. Brown; Upper Victoria river, Sturt’s and
Hooker’s creeks, F. Mueller. The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

6. C. acutangulus, Lam. ; W. and Arn. Prod. 13. An annual, sometimes
very small, but attaining 2 ft., decumbent or erect, slightly pubescent and
often sprinkled with a few rigid hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, serrulate,
without sete. Flowers 1 to 3, nearly sessile, and very small. Sepals little
more than 1 line long. Stamens 15 to 20. Capsule straight, z to $ in.
long, rather thick, prominently 3-angled, or with 3 longitudinal wings, trun-
cate at the top, with 3 spreading poiuts or teeth, 3-celled. Seeds numerous,
very rarely the capsule has 4 cells, and as many wings and teeth.— Wight,

c. t. 739.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller. The species is common in tropical

Asia and Africa, and occurs also, perhaps introduced, in some parts of S. America.

7. C. fascicularis, Lam.; W. and Arn. Prod. 72. A small annual,
With procumbent or ascending branches, rarely attaining 1 ft., glabrous or

sely pubescent. Leaves petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, 2 to 1j in. long,
or the lower ones small and broad, slightly serrate without sete. Flowers
very minute, in clusters of 3 to 6, on very short peduncles. Sepals about
l line long. Stamens 5 to 10. Capsule nearly cylindrical, rarely $ in.
long, usually slightly hairy, terminating in 3 teeth, 3-celled. Seeds several,
without transverse partitions.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Sturt’s and Hooker’s creeks, F. Mueiter ; Arnhem's
Bay, R. Brown (the latter somewhat doubtful, the specimen very imperfect). The species
extends over tropical Africa and Asia, from Senegal to Bengal, and includes C. brachycarpus,
Guill. and Perr,

3. C. pumilio, R. Br. Herb. A small rigid, much-branched herb or
undershrub, not much more than 1 ft. high, hirsute with spreading stellate
hairs, the slender branches appearing almost woody at the base, although the
plant flowers the first year. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, rarely
above } in. long, crenate, rugose and plicate, sprinkled with rigid nc
hairs, Flowers very small, in sessile clusters. Buds narrow-oblong. Sepals
very narrow, acute, hirsute, 1 to 13 lines long. Petals narrow. Stamens
about 10. Ovary very hirsute. Capsules reflexed, linear, 3 to 4 lines long,
slightly curved, rather acute, very hirsute, 2-celled, with few oblong seeds.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R, Brown; Upper Victoria river,
F. Mueller,

9. C. vermicularis, F. Muell. Fragm. iii.11. A low shrub or undershrub,
with numerous slender branches, like G- panilio in habit, but more diffuse, and
rather stellate-tomentose than hirsute. Leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, 3 to 4
in. long, serrate-crenate, rugose and plicate, rather roughly stellate-tomentose.
Flowers very small, 2 or 3 together, and shortly pedicellate. Buds obovoid.
Sepals linear-euneate, 1} lines long. Petals broadly obovoid. Stamens

278 XXIII. TILIACEJE. [ Corchorus.

about 20. Ovary glabrous. Capsule reflexed, linear, slender and very much
twisted, contracted between the seeds, 2-valved. Seeds ovoid-oblong, few
and distant, the cells usually closed between them.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

10. C. tomentellus, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 10. A low, diffuse, stellate-
tomentose shrub or undershrub. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to ovate-ob-
long, obtuse, 4 to 1 in. long, crenate, slightly plicate and rugose, rather
loosely stellate-tomentose, especially underneath. Flowers pedicellate, in
nearly sessile clusters, much larger than in C. vermicularis. Buds obovoid.
Sepals 3 to 4 lines long. Stamens numerous, the torus expanded into a pro-
minent disk round their base. Capsule very slender, tomentose, 3 to 4 in.
long, 3-valved, with few distant seeds, but scarcely contracted between
them.
` Queensland. Mackenzie river, F. Mueller. Tt is possible that this may prove a form

of the very variable C. sidoides, but besides the difference in habit and foliage, the flowers
appear to be larger and the disk much more developed.

11. C. sidoides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 9. An erect shrub of several
feet, the branches densely but rather loosely tomentose. Leaves shortly petio-
late, from oval-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, rather
thick, crenate, plicate and rugose or on luxuriant specimens longer and
thinner, scabrous-tomentose above, more densely tomentose underneath.
Flowers in nearly sessile clusters. Calyx tomentose-villous, 2 to 3 lines long,
the buds often tipped by the tooth-like points of the sepals. Petals narrow,
in some flowers very small. Stamens numerous, on a small torus. Capsule
slender, $ to near 2 in. long, tomentose or villous, more or less torulose, 2-
or 3-celled. Seeds oblong, often distant in each cell, although rather nu-
merous on the whole.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Cygnet Bay, A. Cunningham ; frequent in sterile
places on the Victoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

12. C. leptocarpus, 4. Cin. Herb. An erect shrub of several feet,
hoary all over with a minute close tomentum. Leaves petiolate, from ovate
to lanceolate, obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, irregularly crenate, cordate at the base,
minutely but softly tomentose on both sides. Flowers in nearly sessile clus-
ters. Buds tomentose, angular, tipped with the long points of the sepals.
Sepals 4 lines long or rather more. Petals broad, almost foveolate at the
base. Stamens numerous, on a prominent torus. Capsule slender, incu
at the base, densely tomentose, 1 to 12 in. long, slightly torulose, 3-celled.
Seeds numerous, oblong, with incomplete transverse partitions between them.

N. Australia. Water Island, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham.

13. C. Walcottii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 9. A shrub or undershrub of |
l to 3 ft., densely and softly tomentose or woolly. Leaves petiolate, from
broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 14 to 23 in. long, coarsely toothed or crenate,
not cordate, thick, soft and densely tomentose. Peduncles nearly as long 83
the petioles, with 3 to 6 rather large pedicellate flowers. Sepals woolly-
tomentose, 5 or 6 lines long, lanceolate with long soft subulate points.
Petals broad. Stamens numerous. Capsule erect ind straight, from about

— |

Corchorus.] XXIII. TILIACEJE., 219

the length of the calyx to twice as long, very tomentose, 5-celled. Seeds
few, without partitions between them.

N. Australia. Enderby Island, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham; Mearson Island and
Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

Var. (P) parviflora. Leaves smaller, often narrow, tomentum closer, and flowers much
smaller. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

Var. (?) densiflora. Foliage various, pedicels very short, flowers intermediate iu size.
Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller. The specimens are insufficient for correctly estimating the
constancy of these forms.

5. ECHINOCARPUS, Blume.

Sepals 4, imbricate in two rows. Petals 4, broad, short, imbricate.
Stamens numerous, free, covering the broad, thick, pitted disk from the petals
to the ovary; anthers linear, the cells placed back to back and opening from
the top in a slit extending more or less down the sides. Ovary 3- or 4-celled,
with several ovules in each cell; style subulate. Capsule thickly coriaceous
or woody, densely echinate or covered with sete, 3- or 4-celled or 1-celled by
abortion, opening in 3 or 4 valves. Seeds several or solitary and pendulous,
ovoid; testa hard ; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat.—Trees. Leaves
entire or sinuate-toothed, with pinnate veins. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered,
solitary or clustered, rarely forming terminal racemes.

A tropical Asiatic genus, represented in Australia by a single endemic species.

l. E. australis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 13. A tree, at-
taining 80 ft., glabrous in all its parts. Leaves obovate-oblong, 4 to 1 ft.
long, shortly acuminate, more or less sinuate-toothed, much narrowed to-
wards the base, but obtuse or slightly cordate at the petiole, coriaceous.

lowers pendulous, on erect pedicels of 1 to 2 in., the upper ones forming
terminal racemes shorter than the last leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, about 4
lines long. Petals not seen. Anthers scarcely pointed. Capsule opening in
4 hard almost woody valves, about 4 in. long, external sets short and ex-
ceedingly densely crowded. Fully expanded flowers and seeds not seen,

Queensland. Scrub near Dunuduni, Moreton Bay, W. Hill. :
N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Beck/er (capsules only seen) ; Kiama, Harvey.

6. ARISTOTELIA, L’ Her.
(Friesia, DC.)
. Sepals 4 or 5, valvate. Petals as many, imbricate, 3-lobed, toothed or entire,
inserted round the base of the thickened torus. Stamens indefinite, inserted
on the torus, within a glandular ring; anthers linear, the cells placed back to
ick and opening from the top in short confluent slits. Ovary 2- to 4-celled,
with 2 ovules in each cell; style subulate. Fruit a berry. Seeds few, as-

fending or pendulous ; testa hard, often pulpy outside; albumen fleshy ;

embryo straight, with flat or undulate cotyledons.—Shrubs. Leaves mostly
Opposite or nearly so, entire or toothed, Flowers axillary or lateral, in ra-
cemes, or in the Australian species solitary or 2 or 3 together, often polyga-
mous,

Besides the 2 Australian species, which are eudemie, the genus has 2 from New Zealand
aud 1 from Chili.

T o

280 XXIII. TILIACEÆ. [ Aristotelia.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, glabrous . . . 1. 4. peduncularis.
Leaves ovate, acuminate, pubescent underneath . . . . . . 9. A. australasica.

1. A. peduncularis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 59. A weak straggling
shrub of 2 to 4 or 5 ft., glabrous in all its parts. Leaves irregularly oppo-
site or*here and there alternate or in whorls of 3, shortly petiolate, from
ovate-lanceolate to oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, 14 to 3 in. long, serrate.
Peduneles slender, 1-flowered, solitary or 2 to 3 together, with a few small
leafy bracts at the base. Flowers white, pendulous. Sepals 4 or rarely 5,
3 or 4 lines long. Petals rather longer, broadly cuneate, 3-lobed. Torus
tomentose. Stamens 10 to 12, the filaments ciliate at the base; anthers
shortly pointed. Berry varying in size from that of a pea to a small cherry.
—FHlaeocarpus peduncularis, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 15, t. 155 ; Friesia pe-
duncularis, DO. Prod.i. 520 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4246.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; southern and mountainous parts of the island,
common iu shady places ascending to 4000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

2. A. (?) australasica, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 79. A slender shrub of
several feet, with a few soft hairs on the young branches, petioles, and prin-
cipal veins on the under side of the leaves, otherwise glabrous. Leaves op-
posite, on slender petioles, ovate, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, serrate, 3-nerved
at the base. Pedicels slender, really axillary, although sometimes apparently
terminal before the intermediate bud has grown out. Flowers unknown.
Berry globular, about 4 lines diameter, nearly dry. :

T. S. Wales. Mountain woods at the mouth of the Clarence river, Beckler. Until
the flowers have been seen, the generic identity cannot be considered as certain.

7. ELZEOCARPUS, Linn.
(Monocera, Jack.)

Sepals 4 or 5, usually valvate. Petals as many, fringed, lobed or rarely
entire, inserted round the base of the torus, induplicate-valvate, and em-
bracing some of the outer stamens in the bud. Stamens indefinite, inse
on the torus, within a glandular ring; anthers oblong or linear, opening at
the top in 2 valves (that is, the cells placed back to back and opening m
short, terminal, confluent slits). Ovary 2- to 5-celled, with 2 or more ovules
in each cell; style subulate. Fruit a drupe, with a hard often bony putamen,
2- to 5-celled or 1-celied by abortion. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous
(or rarely erect ?); testa hard; albumen fleshy ; cotyledons broad, flat or
undulate.—'Trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire or serrate.
Flowers in axillary racemes, sometimes polygamous.

A large tropical Asiatic genus, extending to the Pacific islands, New Caledonia and New
Zealand. ‘The Australian species are sllendemi ` ^ ^]

Leaves tomentose underneath. Petals entire or slight] n . 1. E. holopetalus.
Leaves glabrous. Petals lobed or fringed. eem

Flowers about 2 lines. Petal-lobes about 7, obtuse. Anthers short,
óbluse or bn OE ae ee ON s

Flowers about 4 lines. Petal-lobes 10 to 12
pointed, Leaves strongly reticulate ko 52 52 E, EMEN

Flowers 6 or 7 lines. Petals silky on the edges, with about 5 deeply s
fringed lobes. Anthers linear, with short sete on their points . 4. E. grandis.

GE 9. E. obovatus.
acute, Anthers linear,

D

Jleocarpus.] |. XXII. TILIACER. 281

1. E. holopetalus, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 148 ; and Pl. Vict. i. 153. A
tree attaining 80 ft., the young shoots rusty-tomentose or villous. Leaves on
very short petioles, oblong-lanceolate or slightly obovate, acute or acuminate,
2 to 4 in, long, sinuate-serrate, coriaceous, reticulate and glabrous above,
loosely tomentose underneath or almost glabrous with age. Racemes in the

“upper axils, tomentose-villous. Pedicels rather long. Sepals 2 to 21 lines
long. Petals rather longer, entire or slightly crenate. Stamens 15 to 20,
within a prominent almost cup-shaped disk ; anthers pubescent, short, obtuse.
Ovary 2-celled.

Victoria. Eastern Gipps' Land, at an elevation of 2000 to 4000 ft., F. Mueller.

2. E. obovatus, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 559. A tree attaining 60 ft.,
glabrous in all its parts. Leaves from oval-elliptical to obovate-oblong or
almost lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, irregularly
sinuate-crenate, narrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous, the smaller veins much
less numerous and less conspicuous than in Æ. cyaneus. Racemes solitary or
clustered, many-flowered, but shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, white.
Sepals acute, 1} lines long. Petals rather longer, divided to about the mid-
dle into about 7 linear obtuse lobes. Anthers short, obtuse or scarcely
pointed. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell. Drupe glo-
bular or ovoid, often blue, the putamen rugose or tubereulate.—F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 80; Z. parviflorus, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 67,1. 24 ; E. pauciflorus,
Walp. Rep. i. 364 (a mistake in the name anda wrong station).

Queensland, Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; Ipswich, Nernst.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson and Hunter's river, R. Brown and others; Hastings and

Clarence rivers. Beckler ; Port Macquarie, Fraser.
Var. (P) foveolatus. Drupe larger, ovoid, very prominently tubereulate. Flowers not
n

_N. Australia. Islands of the N. coast, R. Brown ; Liverpool river, A. Cunningham ;
Fitzmaurice river and Macadam range, F, Mueller.

SS $ cyaneus, 4it.’ Epit. Hort..Kew. A tree, usually small, but attain-
ing sometimes 60 ft. or more, glabrous in all its parts, Leaves elliptical-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 or 4 in. long or more when luxu-
tiant, more or less serrate, acute at the base, coriaceous and very conspicu-
ously reticulate. Racemes loose, shorter than the leaves. Sepals acute, 3 to
4 lines long, glabrous. Petals as long or rather longer, divided into 10 to 12
acute lobes, here and there united in pairs. Stamens numerous, within the
undulate glandular disk. — Anthers linear, the upper valve with a short point.
Ovary glabrous, 2-celled, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell. _Drupe usually
1-seeded, globular or ovoid, blue outside, the putamen 4 to 6 lines long, hard
and rugose.—DC. Prod. i. 519; Bot. Mag. t. 1737, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
152; E reticulatus, Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. xii.; Bot. Reg. t. 657.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Pine river, Fitzalan. :

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; northward to Mount Lindsay,
Macleay and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.
. Victoria. Forest gullies of Wilson's Promontory and wooded ranges from the Tambo
niver to the E. boundary, F. Mueller. i

Some specimens from the Illawarra, M‘ Arthur, in fruit only, are remarkable for their
thick branches, with leaves of 6 to 8 in.

4. E. grandis, F. Muell. Fragm. n. 81. A tree of moderate size, gla-

282 XXIII. TILIACER, [Eleocarpus.

brous, except the young shoots, slightly silky-hairy. Leaves on short pu
tioles, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, 4 to 6 1n. long,
crenulate, narrowed at the base, scarcely coriaceous, the smaller veins not
prominent. Flowers large, in short dense racemes. Sepals fully iin, ne
cluding their long subulate points. Petals longer, divided into about
deeply fringed lobes, silky-pubescent on the margin towards the base. Sta- -
mens very numerous ; anthers linear, the upper valve pointed and ending "
1 or 2, short, fine setze. Ovary silky-tomentose (5-celled ?), with about,
ovules in each cell. Drupe (which I have not seen) globular,'l in. dia-
meter, ;

Queensland. Pine river, Herb. F. Mueller. The large flowers, pubescent petals, M"
pointed anthers, refer this species to the section Mo»ocera, usually considered as a distin
genus, but the group is neither natural nor accurately defined.

Orper XXIV. LINEA.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or united at the
base, imbricate or rarely almost valvate. Petals as many, hypogyuous or
rarely slightly perigynous, imbricate, usually contorted. Stamens as many i
petals or twice or rarely thrice as many, united into a ring or short tu :
the base; anthers 2-celled, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Glands
5, adnate to or embedded in the outside of the staminal tube or rarely po
Disk none (besides the.staminal tube). Ovary free, entire, 3- to Ka .
Ovules 2 or rarely 1 in each cell, pendulous, anatropous, with a ventral raphe.
Styles 3 to 5, distinct or more or less united, with terminal usually capitate
stigmas. Fruit either a capsule, separating into cocci, usually dehiscent, or 3
drupe, with as many pyrenes as carpels, or more frequently reduced by WW
tion to 1. Seeds 1 or 2 in each coccus or pyrene; testa membranous or at-
most coriaceous; albumen fleshy, abundant or thin or entirely wanting.
Embryo usually straight, with flat, evate cotyledons ; radicle superior.—~
Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, glabrous or rarely hirsute or e
Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple and entire or slightly serrate.
Stipules lateral or within the petiole, sometimes minute or wanting.

An Order, formerly almost limited to the genus Linum, but lately extended to me
several small Orders or genera, chiefly tropical, from both the New and the Old World.
The two Australian genera are the only two large ones, both of them widely dispersed, one
chiefly in temperate regions, the other within the tropics.

Herbs. Petals without appendages. Capsule pparen - ;
wih raene ei o EE at

Shrubs or trees. Petals with an appendage at the base of the lamina.
Drape 1-seeded . so n pH ro our e ae ee ARETE

1. LINUM.

l. LINUM, Lim.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, contorted, without appendages. Stamens 5, perfect ;
staminodia as many, alternating with the stamens, minute, tooth-like or An
like, or sometimes scarcely conspicuous. Glands 5, small, scarcely germs
on the staminal tube, opposite the petals. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 collate `
ovules in each cell. Capsule dividing into 5 cocci, with 2 seeds in eac

RS, An SS

Linum. | XXIV. LINES. 283

separated by an imperfect partition, or into 10 l-seeded cocci when the parti-
tion is more complete. Albumen thin.—Herbs. Leaves narrow, entire.
Stipules none or minute and gland-like.

A large genus, widely distributed over the temperate or warmer extratropical regions of
the globe, with a few tropical American species. The Australian species are endemic, but very
closely allied to some of the commouest blue-flowered species of the northern hemisphere.

Sepals’ acute or aemminsité ` ci acted 3 fuic cork e marginale.

Baggeren sibtuse: v Apc os edd 2. L. suedefolium.

Besides these, Z. gallicum, Linn.; Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii, 168, a slender erect
annual, with very small yellow flowers in a terminal corymb, a common plant in the
S aditerrancan region, has established itself as an introduced weed in the neighbourhood of

aramatta.

l. L. marginale, 4. Cunn.; Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 169.
A glabrous herb, forming a thick perennial rootstock, but also sometimes ap-
parently annual, with erect or ascending slender stems of 1 to 2 ft., corym-
bosely branched above the middle. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute
or the lowest almost obtuse, often all under 4 in., but the upper ones some-
times 1 in. long. Stipular glands wanting. Flowers blue, on erect pedicels,
forming a loose, irregular, terminal eorymb. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceo-

» acute or cuspidate, 2 to 3 lines long, with a strong midrib, the margins
thin and often with a narrow scarious border. Petals from a little longer to
twice as long. Styles united to above the middle. Capsule dividing into
10 1-seeded cocci.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 46; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 178 ;
L. angustifolium, DC. Prod. i. 426 (as to the New Holland locality) ; Bartl.
In Pl. Preiss. i. 161. foh.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; northwards to Hastings river,
Beckler; and in the interior, A. Cunningham.

ile ia. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; throughout the colony, ascending to the Alps, F.
Wetter,

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. From the Murray to Lofty Range and Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller and

ers, :

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Bagster; Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. ;
Doubtful Island, Oldfield. The species very much resembles the northern Z. angustifolium,
Huds., with which many authors have confounded it ; but it appears to be constantly distinct
in the union of the styles.

2? L. susedzefolium, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vii. 168. Ap-
parently an annual, with numerous short erect stems. Leaves crowded,
linear, obtuse, 3 or 4 lines long, without stipular glands. Flowers and fruit
of the small varieties of Z. marginale, except that the sepals are very obtuse,
those of the lower flowers almost dilated at the top. ;

; Queensland. Balonne river, Mitchell (Herb. Lindi.). The specimen is very imper-
T It is probably a variety of Z. marginale, with which some specimens in F. Mueller's
érbarium with less pointed sepals than usual would seem to connect it.

2. ERYTHROXYLON, Linn.

Sepals 5, rarely 6, united into a lobed calyx, or free. Petals as many,
with a 2-lobed appendage inside below the lamina. Stamens 10, rarely 12,
the basal tube short, without glands, or more or less thickened into 10 glauds,

284 XXIV. LINEA. [ Erythroxylon.

the filaments attached inside just below the crenulate top. Ovary 3- rarely
4-celled, with 1 or rarely 2 ovules in each cell. Drupe usually 1-seeded.
Albumen copious, or thin, or none.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire. Stipules
united into one within the petiole, deciduous, or persistent especially on the
leafless base of the young shoots. Flowers small, whitish, solitary or clus-
tered in the axil of leaves or of leafless stipules. 3

A large tropical genus, abundant in S. America, less. so in Africa and Asia. The two
Australian species are perhaps endemic, but. there is so much general similarity in the species

of this genus, and their characters so vague and variable, that it is exceedingly difficult to
determine their limits.

Leaves oblong or narrow-elliptical, 1 in. long or less, or the smaller ones
enneate-obovate, the veins few — V V o Se e i
Leaves obovate or ovate-elliptical, 13 to 23 in. long, or the smaller ones E

rarely 1 in., the veins numerous and finely reticulated . . . . . 2. E. ellipticum.

1. E. australe, F. Muell in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 22. A glabrous
shrub, with slender divaricate branches. Leaves elliptical-oblong, or the
smaller ones cuneate or almost obovate, in some specimens all under 3 M.
long, in more luxuriant ones about 1 in., the pinnate veins fewer and less
reticulate than in many other species. Stipules small and deciduous. Pedi-
cels solitary or rarely clustered, short or rarely attaining 3 lines, with minute
bracteoles at their base. Flowers very small. Calyx not 1 line long, divided
to below the middle, the lobes almost or quite valvate. Inner appendage of
the petals with 2 very short crested lobes. Styles free or shortly cohering at
the base. Drupe oblong, 3 to 3} lines long, 3-celled, but with only 1
Albumen thin; radicle slender, shorter than the ovate cotyledons.

Queensland. Brigalow scrub on the Burdekin, Suttor, and Dawson rivers, F.
Mueller ; Comet river, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton and Fitzroy river, Zhozet.

2. E. ellipticum, R. Br. Herb. A glabrous shrub of above 5 ft., the
young branches flattened. Leaves obovate or ovate-elliptical, very obtuse,
to 2$ in. long or the smaller ones rarely only 1 in., on petioles of about 1
line, rather thin, with very numerous and finely reticulated veins. Stipules
usually about 2 lines long, and always longer than the petioles, deciduous. ,
Flowers nearly of E. australe, very small, in clusters of 3 to 6, the pedice -
or 3 lines long, with minute bracts at their base. Calyx about 1 line long,
divided nearly to the base into lanceolate acute lobes, very slightly imbricate
Or almost valvate. Petals slightly exceeding the calyx. Styles quite ine
Drupe oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, 1-seeded.
W. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, on the mainland opposite Groote Eyland, R, Brown.

The foliage is nearly that of the largest and b ` à t E. iici
the styles are qune tee argest and broadest-leaved specimens o i

1. E australe.

Orver XXV. MALPIGHIACEZE.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite, Calyx 5-cleft, the segments imbricate 0T
rarely valvate, all, or more frequently 4 only (or rarely 3 or none of them),
bearing 2 glands outside. Petals 5, usually equal, concave, toothed or
notched, on slender claws. Disk scarcely prominent. Stamens usually 10,
all perfect, or some of them deformed or without anthers, or sometimes want-

XXV. MALPIGHIACE A. 285

ing, the filaments usually united at the base; anthers 2-celled. Ovary usually
3-celled, or the 3 carpels distinct, with 1 ovule in each, ascending from a
pendulous ventral funicle. - Styles distinct, or united, or one only developed,
with small terminal stigmas. Fruit-carpels 3 or fewer, either united in a
berry, drupe, or hard capsule, or more frequently forming separate indehiscent
nuts, or winged samaree. Seeds without albumen, the testa usually membranous
and double. Embryo straight or curved; cotyledons thin or fleshy, often
unequal; radicle short, superior.—Trees, shrubs, or rarely undershrubs, fre-
quently climbing. Hairs usually closely appressed and fixed by the centre.
Leaves mostly opposite, with glands at the top of the petiole, and often on
the margin underneath. Stipules usually small, deciduous, or none. Flowers
usually yellow, red, or white, in racemes either simple and terminal, or col-
lected in corymbs or umbels, the pedicels articulate on the common peduncle.
. A large tropical and subtropical Order, abundant in S. America, much less so in Africa
and Asia. The only two Australian species belong to small genera spread over the Eastern
Archipelago and S. Pacific islands, Both genera are exceptional as being deprived of the
ealycine glands so general in the Order.
Carpels with 1 vertical, large, oblong or incurved wing. Flowers in
tre Sette. SS S ge VUE ux
Carpels with several (7 or more) small linear, stellately spreading
wings. Flowers in simple racemes, Styles 1 or 2, unequal . . 2. TmiSTELLATEIA.

1. RxssoPTERYS.

l. RYSSOPTERYS, Blume.

Calyx without glands. Petals scarcely clawed. Stamens all perfect, the
filaments thickened at the base ; anthers without appendages. Ovary 3-lobed,
3-celled, villous ; styles 3, slender, with capitate stigmas. Samaras 1 to 3,
expanded at the summit into a wing, of which the upper margin is thickened,
tuberculate on the sides below the wing. Seed oblong, witha slightly curved
embryo.— Woody climbers. Leaves opposite. Inflorescence terminal or ap-
parently axillary from the reduction of the flowering branches, compound,
Irregularly corymbose. Peduncles bracteate at the base, with 2 bracteoles at
the articulation of the pedicels. .

z Sg genus, dispersed over the Eastern Archipelago, one of the species extending into
p a.

l. R. timorensis, Blume; A. Juss. Malpigh. 133. A tall climber,
the young shoots hoary- pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly
cordate-ovate or orbicular, obtuse or rather acute, 3 to 5 in. long, somewhat
coriaceous, glabrous above when full grown, hoary-pubescent underneath,
with 1 or 2 prominent glands at the top of the petiole, those on the margin
of the leaf very small. Flowers on pedicels of 2 or 3 lines, in short racemes
arranged in irregular corymbs. Bracts and bracteoles very small. Fruit-
carpels or samaras pubescent, the lateral tubercles very prominent, the wing

roadly semicircular, about 3 in. long and 5 or 6 lines broad.—Deless. Ic.
Sel. ili, t. 35.

Queensland. Cape Cleveland, A. Cunningham ; Fitzroy river, Thozet. The speci-
mens are in fruit only, but agree perfectly with those we have in the same state from Timor.

me other species from the Archipelago are closely allied, but differ chiefly in the longer
and narrower wing of the samaras, :

286 XXV. MALPIGHIACES.

2. TRISTELLATEIA, Thouars.

Calyx without any or with very minute glands. Petals distinctly clawed.
Stamens all perfect, filaments rigid, truncate, and articulate at the top ; anthers
acute. Ovary 3-lobed; style single or 2, or very rarely 3 unequal ones, the
others reduced to small papille, —Fruit-carpels 3, each one bearing about 7
small linear stellately spreading wings. Sceds obovoid; testa membranous,
cotyledons fleshy, hooked.—Woody climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled,
the petiole bearing 1 or 2 glands at the top, and minute stipules at the base.
Flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes.

A small genus ranging over Madagascar and the Indian Archipelago, one species from the
latter region extending into Australia.

1. T. australasica, 4. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 38, t.15. A tall, glabrous
climber. Leaves opposite, on rather short petioles, ovate, acute, 2 to 4 m.
long, membranous, the glands of the petiole usually single and sometimes
wanting. Racemes terminal, loose, 4 to 6 in. long. Pedicels opposite, 3 to
1 in. long, articulate, with 2 minute bracteoles below the middle. Petals 3
or 4 lines long, spreading, the lamina ovate-cordate, the claw slender. Fila-
ments much thickened below the middle, and very shortly united. Fruit
(only seen in Archipelago specimens) quite glabrous, the wings of the carpels
unequal, the longest often 3 lines long,

Queensland. = Brown's River, M'Gillivray. :

The species is found in various islands of the Indian Archipelago. The specimens
described under the name of Platynema laurifolium by Wight and Arnott, in Jameson?

Journal, and inserted in their ‘ Prodromus,’ p. 107, as of doubtful Ceylonese origin, pro
afterwards to have been from Singapore.

Orpver XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEZ.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite and regular, Sepals 5 or 4, very rarely 6,
free or connate at the base, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Pe
as many, free, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate or wanting. Disk convex
or depressed, rarely annular or undeveloped. Stamens usually the same or
twice the number of the petals, the filaments most frequently with a scale or
wings at or below the middle; anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally .
Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, often angular, with as many cells as petals ud
sepals, rarely more or fewer ; style simple, with a simple or rarely lobed stigma.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell, rarely solitary, pendulous or ascending, with a
ventral raphe. Fruit sometimes drupaceous, never baccate, more usually $ê-
parating into indehiscent or 2-valved cocci, the endocarp occasionally sepatalins
Seeds solitary or rarely several, pendulous; testa membranous, crustaceous, or
thick and mucilaginous when wetted ; albumen usually thin, Embryo as e,
as the seed, green, straight, or rarely curved ; cotyledons oblong or linear,
radicle short, superior.—Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbs, the branches usu y
divaricate and articulate at the nodes. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate
by the abortion of one of each pair, 2-foliolate or pinnate, rarely simple, the
leaflets usually entire. Stipules in pairs. Peduncles axillary, I-flowered, oF
rarely branching into cymes. Flowers mostly white, yellow, or red.

Leaves with 2 leaflets or lobes. Petals 4 or 6, flat. Fruit a 4- or

XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLER. 287

A small Order, nearly allied on the one hand to Maipighiacee, on the other to Geraniacee
and Rutacee, dispersed chiefly over the subtropical regions of both the Old and New
World, and most abundant in dry desert or saline regions. The three Australian
pe are all common to Africa and Asia, and one of them extends also to Europe and

merica.

Leaves pinnate. Petals 5, flat. Fruit of 5 hard, indehiscent, usually `

DORIY or tuberculate cocoi. vu", is i +a) on © o nol. EMILIA,
Leaves simple. Petals 5, concave. Fruit a drupe with a hard

l-seeded nut . . . 2. NITRARIA.

5-angled or winged capsule . 3. ZYGOPHYLLUM,

1. TRIBULUS, Linn.
(Tribulopis, R. Br.)

Sepals 5, rarely 6. Petals as many, flat. Disk annular, 10-lobed or
sinuate, with a gland at the base of each of the inner stamens, alternating
with the petals. Stamens twice as many as petals, the filaments filiform,
without appendages. Ovary of 5 or sometimes more cells, with 1 or 9 to 5
superposed ovules in each cell. Fruit separating into as many cocci as carpels,
hard, indehiscent, and each usually bearing 2 or more prickles or tubercles.
— Herbs, usually prostrate or divaricate and hairy. Leaves abruptly pinnate,

Opposite, with one of each pair smaller than the other, or sometimes abortive

or all alternate. Stipules small, lanceolate, or faleate. Pedicels solitary in
the axil of the smaller leaf of each pair, or opposed to the leaf when alternate.
Flowers white or yellow.

The genus is dispersed over the greater part of the tropical and warm regions of the
globe, extending into Europe and N. America. Of the Australian species, one is abundant
ta Asia, Africa, and S. Europe, another is most common in tropical America, less so in Asia
and Africa, and the other 9 are all endemic.

Leaves, at least the upper ones, opposite. Glands of the disk not
very prominent. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. (Zridulus

proper.)
... Cocci rounded at the back, without an gular or winged edges.
Cocci with 2 or 4 prickles, rarely minute or deficient.
Leaves almost all opposite. Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell.

Annual Flowers small. Petals about $ in. . : l. T. terrestris.
` Perennial. Flowers large. Petals about $ in. . . . 2. T. cistoides.
Lower leaves alternate, Ovules 2 in each‘ cell. Flowers i;
a oe 714 23.45. 89 T ecirar.
Cocci covered with numerous nearly equal prickles. . . . 4. T. hystrix.
Cocci with prominent almost winged angles, and 2 prickles on
o D back between them . . . . . ker EE De T. macrocarpus.
occi broadly winged at the angles, without prickles. `
Plaut. glabrous cat the inside of the sepals, Cocci smooth 6. 7 platypterus.
Plant hirsute. Cocei strongly reticulate on the back and *
UM... (C. IA ee , UO NN
Leaves (except 7. minutus) all alternate. Glands of the disk
prominent. Ovules solitary. Fruit pyramidal, the cocci
With 2 or 4 tubercles or small prickles below the middle.
ita aad R. Br.) ud E
ets i S ect ens
dps. Vd MN i musta. Ik pider:

288 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEJ. [Tribulus.

Leaflets about 3 pairs, ovate, the lowest not far from the stem.
Anthers 5 short, 5 oblong or linear. . v . . v o.
Leaflets about 3 pairs, ovate or lanceolate, the lowest distant
from the stem. Anthers 10, nearly similar. Flowers
NNI 7 S S... X $119. f Blend
Leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, linear. Anthers 10, similar. Flowers
lugé i5... ee 52:0 VU ER anpietifolun,
Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, small ovate or lanceolate. Leaves mostly
opposite. Anthers 10, similar. Flowers very small . . 12. T. minutus.

9. T. bicolor.

l. T. terrestris, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 703. A prostrate annual or bi-
ennial, more or less hirsute or silky-hairy, especially the young shoots, the
stems extending often to 1 or 2 ft. Leaves opposite, unequal; leaflets of
the larger one usually 5 to 7 pairs, obliquely oblong, 8 to 5 lines long. Pe-
dicels shorter than the opposite larger leaf. Flowers small, the sepals rarely
attaining 2 lines and often much less, the petals rather longer, but very rarely
nearly twice as long. Anthers 10, all small and perfect. Ovules 3 or 4 in
each cell. Cocci 5, hard, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous or hairy, rounded on
the back, with 2 marginal, divaricate, horizontal, subulate or conical prickles
about halfway up, and often 2 smaller reflexed ones lower down, the rest of
the surface usually tuberculate or shortly muricate. Seeds 2 to 4 in each
coccus, horizontal and separated by transverse partitions.—Reichb. Ie. Fl.
Germ. v. t. 161; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99; T. lanuginosus, Linn.; DC.
Prod. i. 704; Wight, Ic. t. 98; T. acanthococcus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil.
Soc. Vict. i. 9.

. N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Gilbert river, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Darling river, Dallachy.

Victoria. At the junction of the Murray and Murrumbidgee, P Mueller.

S. Australia. N. of Lake Torrens, M‘Doual/ Stuart's Expedition.

The species is a common weed in S. Europe, temperate Africa, and S. Asia.

2. T. cistoides, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 703. A perennial, forming at
length a thick rootstock. Branches procumbent or ascending, attaining l to
2 ft. _Indumentum more silky than in T. terrestris. Larger leaf of each
pair with frequently 7 or 8 pairs of leaflets. Flowers large, on longer pedun-
cles than in T. terrestris ; the sepals 3 or 4 lines long, very acute, silky-
hairy; the petals obovate, at least 2 in. long. Anthers usually (perhaps not
always) oblong or linear.. Fruit like that of T. terrestris or rather larger,
Mo or very rarely 4 prickles to each coceus.—4A. Gray, lll. Gen. N. Àm.
edere ug x; ree R. Brown ; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Albert

we leng R Brows ;. Port Curtis und Port Melo
way ; OW1C 's group, F. Mueller ; P rt D
N. S. Wales. Liverpool plans, Leiehardé. — ee

The species is frequent in the West Indies and i i d in the
Pacific islands, rare in tropical Asia and Africa. LEE

8. T. ranunculiflorus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 48. An annual, with
procumbent or ascending stems, hirsute with spreading hairs. Lower leaves
alternate, upper ones opposite, the larger one of each pair with about 8 or 10
pairs of obliquely lanceolate leaflets, more or less silky-hairy. Flowers

io WS

Tribulus.] XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEA, 289

large, on rather long pedicels. Sepals very acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals
more than twice as long. Anthers short, ovate. Ovary very hirsute, with
only 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit about 3 lines long, the cocci slightly muri-
cate and often with 2 short prickles, containing each 1 or 2 seeds separated
by a transverse partition.

N. Australia. Dry sandy pastures on the Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

4. T. hystrix, R. Br. in App. Sturt. Exped. 6. A diffuse or prostrate
perennial or undershrub, the branches densely tomentose-hirsute or woolly.
Lower leaves (at least in some specimens) alternate, upper ones opposite, the
larger one of each pair with 6 to 8 or even more pairs of leaflets, rather
broad and softly silky-hairy. Flowers smaller than in T. cistoides, but much
larger than in 7. terrestris, the petals generally about 3 in. long. Ovary very
hirsute, with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell. Cocci very villous, covered all over
with hairy prickles, either subulate from the base or more or less thickened
and conical.— T. occidentalis, R. Br. 1. c. (from the short diagnosis given).

N. Australia. N.W, coast, A. Cunningham; on sandy soil, in the interior from
Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

. S. Australia. Towards Spencer's Gulf, Warburton.

The specimens I have seen are most of them very incomplete, and those described by R. Brown
unfortunately mislaid. The few fruits on Gregory’s specimens show, however, that the cha-
racter relied on by R. Brown for the distinction of 7. hystrix and T. occidentalis, the subu-
late or conical prickles of the fruit, does not hold good. In M‘Douall Stuart’s collection is
a fragmentary specimen from Fink river, with a much larger flower, which may possibly be
à variety of the same species, but is indeterminable without the fruit.

5. T. macrocarpus, P Muell. Herb. Foliage and flowers unknown.
Cocci quite glabrous, nearly 3 in. long, the edges bordered by narrow, verti-
cal, hard, slightly denticulate wings, with 2 straight, horizontal, conical
prickles on the back about halfway up and a vertical prominent rib between
them, the sides smooth.

N. Australia. In the interior, from Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

6. T. platypterus, Benth. A shrub of 2 to 3 feet, glabrous, except
the inside of the sepals, the older branches in one specimen corky. ` Leaves
opposite, the larger one of each pair with about 5 or 6 pairs of obtuse leaflets,

edieels rather short. Sepals very acute, at least 4 lines long, bright-green
and glabrous outside like the rest of the plant, woolly-hairy inside. Petals
harrow, about 3 in. long. Fruit about 4 in. long and in. broad, including
the wings, truncate rather than cordate at the base; the cocci glabrous or
Very slightly hairy, bordered by broad, vertical, semicircular, membranous
wings, and smooth between the wings and on the sides.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, F. Gregory.

7. T. hirsutus, Benth. A shrub allied to 7. platypterus and considered
by F. Mueller as a variety, but the branches, leaves, and inflorescence are hir-
sute with long fine spreading hairs ; the flowers are rather smaller; the sepals
hirsute outside, not woolly inside, but hirsute along the middle with straight

‘urs; the wings of the fruit form rounded auricles at the base, giving the
Cutline a cordate form ; and the cocci are prominently reticulate, almost mu-
reate, both on the back between the wings and on the sides next to the ad-
Joming cocci.

VOL. I. U

290 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEZ. (Tribulus.

` N. Australia. Nichol Bay, F. Gregory.

8. T. pentandrus, Benth. A slender, prostrate, branching annual,
often attaining 1 ft. in length, more or less hairy. Leaves all alternate, with
2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets, the terminal ones 4 to 8 lines long, the
lower pair much smaller, usually not half the size. Flowers small, on slender
pedicels. Petals oblong. Stamens usually 5 with globular or ovoid perfect
anthers,and 5 small with imperfect capitate authers, or entirely wanting. Ovules
solitary in each cell of the ovary. Fruit pyramidal, 1 to 14 lines long, with 2
small tubercles at the base of each coccus.—Zribulopis pentandra, R. Br. in
App. Sturt, Exped. 7; F. Muell. Fragm.i. 48.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Sea Range, F, Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Car-
pentaria, R. Brown.

. 9. T. bicolor, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99. A prostrate annual, often
attaining 1 ft. or more, pubescent or hairy. Leaves all alternate, with 2 or 3
pairs of rather broad leaflets, 2 to 4 lines long, nearly equal, the lowest pair
usually close to the stem, glabrous except the ciliate margins. Flowers small,
on rather short pedicels. Petals oblong, red at the base according to F.
Mueller, but the difference of colour does not show in the dried state. Sta-
mens usually 5 with small short anthers, and 5 with linear anthers, some of them
occasionally imperfect. Ovules solitary in each cell of the ovary. Fruit
pyramidal, about 2 lines long, pubescent, with 2 pairs of tubercles below the
middle of each coccus.—Tribulopis bicolor, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 47.

N. Australia. Sandy shores of the Victoria river, F. Mueller. ‘This species appears
to me to be much more nearly allied to T. So/audri than the T. angustifolius.

10. T. Solandri, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99 (partly). An annual, with
prostrate or ascending stems, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves alter-
nate ; leaflets usually 3 pairs, rarely 2 pairs, obliquely ovate or oblong-faleate,
3 to 6 lines long, the lowest pair distànt from the stem and nearly of the size
of the others, all glabrous except the -ciliate margins or slightly hairy, those
of the upper leaves sometimes narrower and lanceolate. Flowers small.
Stamens usually all perfect, with small anthers. Fruit pyramidal, about 3
lines long, glabrous or slightly tomentose, with 2 pairs: of prominent
reflexed tubercles below the middle of each coceus.— Tribulopis Solandri, R.
Br. in App. Sturt, Exp. 72... 7.

N. Australia. Victoria river and Gilbert river, F. .

Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks; Lizard SE E

IL-F; angustifolius, Benth. An annual or according to some speci-
mens forming a perennial rootstock, with procumbent, ascending, or erect
stems, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves all alternate; leaflets 4 or 5
pairs or sometimes more, linear, attaining 1 in. in length, more or less silky-
pubescent. Flowers much larger than in the other species, the petals usually
exceeding zin. Stamens all perfect, with small anthers. Fruit 3 lines long,
besides the rigid persistent style which is about as long, with 2 minute tuber-
cles at the base of each coccus.— Tribulopis angustifolia R. Br. in App.
Sturt, Exped. 7 ; Tribulopis Solandri, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 47 (partly) ; Tri-
bulus Solandri, var. angustifolia, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 99.

m

uM iiin

Tribulus.] XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. 291:

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf
of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne.

12. T. minutus, Leichh. in Herb. F. Muell. Pubescent, apparently
prostrate, and more slender than any other species. Leaves mostly oppusite,
those of each pair unequal or one occasionally abortive, the larger one of 3 to
5 pairs of obovate or oblong leaflets, about 2 or rarely 3 lines long. Flowers
very small. Stamens 10, with the anthers all similar. Glands prominent.
Ovules solitary (or sometimes 2?) in each cell. Fruit nearly of 7. Solandri,
but smaller; each carpel bearing a pair of small, reflexed, conical spines
about the middle and a pair of minute tubercles lower down.

Queensland (9), Leichhardt’s Expedition. This species connects the two groups,
having the opposite leaves of ZiJu/us proper, with the fruit of Zridudopis.

2. NITRARIA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, concave with inflexed points, induplicate-
valvate in the bud. Disk not prominent. Stamens 15, rarely 10 to 14, the
filaments free, without appendages. Ovary sessile, 2- to 6-celled, termina-
ting in a short thick style, with 2 to 6 adnate stigmas ; ovules solitary in each
cell, ascending from pendulous funiculi, which are more or less adnate to
their inner face. Fruit a drupe, with a berry-like sarcocarp ; putamen ovoid-
acute, hard, marked outside with irregular depressions, and opening at the
top in 6 short, pointed valves, of which 3 inner ones smaller. Seeds soli-
tary, pendulous, without albumen.—Rigid shrubs, often thorny. Leaves al-
ternate or clustered, undivided, succulent. Stipules small. Flowers small,
White, in once- or twice-forked scorpioid cymes.

The genus, besides the widely-spread Australian species, comprises one other from Northern
Africa, The raphe of the seed is described as dorsal by Spach, but we have always found it
ventral in the ovary, although the seed sometimes hangs obliquely.

1. N. Schoberi, Linn. ; DC. Prod. iii. 456. A rigid spreading shrub,
attaining 3 to 6 ft., glabrous or hoary with a very minute down, the smaller
ranches occasionally spinescent.. Leaves from cuneate-oblong to lanceolate
or linear, the lower ones obtuse and often 1 in. long, those of the smaller
branches smaller and more acute, all entire, thick and fleshy. - Cymes usually
shortly pedunculate, the flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate along the scor-
pioid branches. Petals about 14 lines long. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe varying
from ovoid-globular to ovoid-oblong, the putamen from 4 to more than 3 in.
long, the depressions in the lower part round or oblong, the upper part
marked with 6 furrows, along which the valves ultimately open. Only 1 seed
Or very rarely 2 come to maturity —Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 529; N. Billardiert,
DC. Prod. iii. 456; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 92, t. Suppl. 7; A. Olivieri, Jaub.
and Spach, Ill. Pl. Or. iii. 143, t. 295 ; Zygophyllum australasicum, Miq. in
Pl. Preiss. i, 164.

N. S. Wales. Darling and Murrumbidgee rivers, Da//achy and Goodwin.
Victoria. Saline tracts on the Murray river, and iu the N.W. part of the colony, F.

Mueller.
S. Australia. Goose Island bay, R. Brown ; along the coast, and northward to Lake

*Torréns, P. Mueller and others. 2
U

292 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLEJ. [ Nitraria,

ww. Australia, Drummond, n. 227; Cornac Island, Preiss, m. 2397; Murchison
river, Oldfield, and in several other collections. : SE x» a

The species is spread over the hot, more or less saline, tracts of western Asia and northe
Africa. A careful examination leaves no doubt of the identity so often suggested of the
Australian and northern plants.

3. ZYGOPHYLLUM, Linn.

Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, flat, contracted into a short claw. Disk
concave, angular or cup-shaped. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted
at the base of the disk ; filaments filiform, with an adnate scale or wing-like
appendage at the base, which however is wanting in some of the Aus-
tralian species. Ovary sessile, 4- or 5-angled, narrowed at the top into T
angular style, 4- or 5-celled, with 2 or more superposed ovules in each cell.
Fruit capsular, with 4 or 5 angles or vertical wings, indehiscent or separa-
ting into cocci or opening loculicidally, the endocarp sometimes separating.
Seeds 1 or more in each cell, pendulous; albumen scanty.—Shrubs or
undershrubs, often prostrate. Leaves opposite, with 2 distinct leaflets or
rarely 2-lobed, frequently fleshy. Stipules small. Peduncles 1-flowered, axil-
lary, solitary or rarely 2 together. Flowers white or yellow.

A considerable and widely-spread genus, though confined, with one exception, to the Old
World, and chiefly numerous in the desert or saline regions of central and western Asia,
North and South Africa. The Australian species are all endemic.

Filaments winged at the base. Capsule angular, loculicidal.

Capsule broad and truncate at the top, the angles usually pro-

: duced into short appendages. Flowers mostly 5-merous . 1. Z. apiculatum.

Capsule equally rounded at the top and the base.

Capsule 4 to 8 lines long, the cells 2- to 4-seeded. Wings of
the filaments toothed. Flowers usually 4-merous Sian
Capsule 2 to 3 lines long, the cells 1-seeded. Wings of the
filaments small and entire. Flowers usually 5-merous. . 3, Z. iodocarpum.
Capsule oblong, the angles produced at the top into erect
en, E E E ee ae :
Filaments subulate, not winged.

Capsule angular, loculicidal, broad and truncate at the top, narrow

t2

. Z. glaucescens.

>

D D D

LR prismatothecum.

atthe bae 2S 0-0 gi Se a poe E RT
Capsule indehiscent, the angles produced into broad membranous d
WI Se E EE S Kee 6. Z. fruticulosum.

Varieties with leaves 2-lobed instead of 2-foliolate occur in Z. iodocarpum, Z. prismato-
theeum, Z. Billardieri, and Z. fruticulosum ; with lobed or crenate leaflets in Z. glauces-
cens and Z, iodocarpum ; and forms or states with minute flowers in several of the species.

l. Z. apiculatum, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 31 3, and Pl. Vict.i. 101.
A diffuse, glabrous undershrub. ` Leaflets 2, obliquely obovate or rarely ob-
long, $ to 1 in. long, on a short common petiole. Flowers usually 5-merous.
Filaments with rather broad wings, adnate to above the middle and toothed
at the top. Capsule about 4 lines long, opening loculicidally, broader and
truncate at the top, the angles very obtuse, and produced at the upper outer
corner into a short obtuse appendage. Seeds usually solitary in each cell.—
Reepera latifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 60; Zygophyllum terminale, Turcz. 1n
Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 437.

Queensland. Mackenzie and Dawson rivers, F, Mueller (a very small-flowered variety). .

— x

«o

M It

Zygophyllum.] XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLER. 295

N. S. Wales. Molle's Plains, 4. Cunningham.

Victoria. Along the Murray river, from the Murrumbidgee downwards, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Islands of Bass’s Straits, Gunn.

S. Australia. Broughton river, Flinders Range, Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller ; Stevenson
river, M* Douall Stuart.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll., n. 90; towards Sharks Bay, Oldfield.

2. Z. glaucescens, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 228. Herbaceous, diffuse or
erect and glabrous. Leaves of 2 broad leaflets as in Z. apiculatum, the pe-
tiole occasionally winged at the base. Flowers usually 4-merous. Filaments
with toothed wings as in Z. apiculatum. Capsule usually above 4 in. long,
opening loculicidally, the angles equally rounded at the top and the base.
Seeds 2 or 3 or sometimes 4 or 5 in each cell.—Z. glaucum, F. Muell. in
Trans, Vict. Inst. i. 29, and Pl. Vict. i. 102 ; not of Sonder.

N.S. Wales. Erskine river, A. Cunningham ; Lachlan river, Fraser ; Darling river,
Herb. F. Mueller.

Victoria. Subsaline deserts on the Murray, Wimmera, and Avoca rivers, F. Mueller.
stated Barossa Range, St. Vincent’s and Spencer’s Gulf, Venus Bay, F.

Weller.

Var. lobulatum. Leaflets irregularly 2- or 3-lobed or deeply crenate. Flowers and fruit
precisely as in the ordinary form.—4Z. crenatum, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 374, and Pl.
NS tet t. 6. On the Lachlan and Murray rivers, and in the interior of S. Australia,

. Mueller.

3. Z. iodocarpum, P Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 372, and Pl. Vict. i.
105. A small, much-branched, diffuse annual. Leaflets oblong-cuneate or
almost linear, very obtuse, rarely 4 in. long, the petiole often 2-winged, espe-
cially towards the top. Flowers very small, usually 5-merous, the petals not
2 lines long. Filaments dilated at the base into short, narrow, entire wings,
entirely adnate or very shortly free. Capsule 2 or rarely 3 lines long, loculi-
cidal, the angles equally rounded at the top and the base. Seeds solitary in
each cell.

N. S., vw ween the Darling and the Lachlan rivers, Burkitt.

Victoria. On on hes riv below th. "Geer AE P. Mason:

- Australia. Flinders Range and near Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

m lobulatum. Leaflets whey ing d: sim or toothed.

- Australi i eld.

Var. e LL i laid E de petiole, as in Z. prismatotheeum. Capsule

rather longer than in the other varieties. W. Australia, Drummond.

4. Z. prismatothecum, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv.375. Amuch-branched,
small annual. Leaves rather thick, the leaflets, in the few specimens seen,
Short and confluent with the more or less dilated petiole, so as to form a
single 2-lobed leaf. Flowers, which I have not seen, small and 4-merous, ac-
cording to F. Mueller, the filaments dilated at the base and toothed or
entire, Capsules nearly sessile, oblong, 4-angular, about 4 lines long, of
equal breadth at the base and the top where the angles terminate in small
erect leafy appendages. Seeds solitary in each cell.

i have
S. Australia. Dry hills near Arkaba, F. Mueller. The very few specimens seen
all the foliage of the 2- lobed varieties of Z. iodocarpum, Z. Billardieri and Z. puni
but as in those species there is probably also a variety with normally 2-foliolate leaves.

5. Z. Billardieri, DC. Prod. i. 705. Herbaceous, prostrate or diffuse
and much-branched. Leaflets oblong, cuneate or linear, rarely obovate, 4 to

294 XXVI. ZYGOPHYLLE. [Zygophyllum,

1 in. long, the petioles not usually winged. Flowers usually 4-merous, the
size of those of Z. apiculatum. Sepals narrow, very acute. Petals about 3
lines long. Filaments subulate or slightly flattened, but not winged. Cap-
sule 3 to 5 lines long, loculicidal, broad and truncate at the top, narrowed to
the base, the angles acute or shortly pointed or scarcely rounded at the
upper outer corner. Seeds 1 or rarely 2 in each cell.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 60; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 104; Ræpera Billardieri, A. Juss. in Mem.
Mus. Par. xii. 454 (by inference); Z.ammophilum, F. Muell. in Linnza, xxv. .
316, in adnot.

. Victoria. Coast rocks and drift sands from Port Phillip to the Glenelg, and on the
lower Murray river, F, Mueller.

Tasmania. Islands of Bass’s Straits, R. Brown, Gunn, and others.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, Goose Island Bay and Kangaroo Island, R. Brown;
southern shores and towards Lake Torrens, F, Mueller; Cooper's Creek, A. Gregory.

W. Australia. From King George's Sound to Swan River and Champion Bay,
Drummond, Oldfield, and others. ; :
- Var. bilobum. Leaflets narrow, continuous with the petiole, as in Z. prismatothecum.
On the Murray river and Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller. :

A minute-flowered form occurs also on the Murray and in West Australia.

6. Z. fruticulosum, DC. Prod. i. 105. A low diffuse or divaricately-
branched shrub. Leaflets obliquely oblong or lanceolate, rarely ovate. Fiowers
4-merous, the size of those of Z. apiculatum. Filaments subulate, without
wings. Capsule 3 in. long, indehiscent, or at length separating septicidally
into cocci opening inside, the angles expanded into broad membranous
wings, rounded at both ends and not splitting. Seeds solitary in each cell,
—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 105; Ræpera fabagifolia, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus.
Par. xii. 525, t. 15 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 42; Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 164.

W. Australia. Arthurs Head, Swan River, Preiss, n. 1953; Port Gregory and
Murchison river, Oldfield.

Var. dilobum. Leaflets narrow, continuous with the petiole, as in Z. prismatothecwm.—

Repera aurantiaca, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 70; Z. aurantiacum, F. Muell. in
Linnea, xxv. 376 (note).

N. S. Wales, Mitchell; Darling river, Goodwin and Dallachy.

Victoria. Murray Desert, from the Murrumbidgee downwards, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. From Spencer's Gulf, Warburton, to Flinders Range and Lake Torrens,
T. Mueller.

. W. Australia. Dirk Hartog's Island, 4. Cunningham.
.. Var. (?) platypterum. Leaflets obovate, as in the broad-leaved specimens of Z. glaucum.
Fruits winged, as in Z. fruticulosum, but very much larger, attaining more than 1 in. diameter.
Port Jackson, Leichhardt (Herb. F. Mueller). The specimen insufficient for accurate diagnosis.

Onoen XXVII. GERANIACE.

Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. Sepals 5, or rarely
fewer, free, or rarely connate at the base, imbricate or (in genera not Aus-
tralian) valvate in the bud. Petals as many or rarely wanting, hypogynous or
slightly perigynous, variously imbricate in the bud. Torus more or less eX-
panded into a disk, often bearing 5 glands alternate with the petals, and
usually protruding into a short axis in the centre of the ovary. Stamens
usually twice the number of the petals, 5 of them occasionally without anthers,

pe BR —— à D, —

— MÀ 7 E eR

aiii i i, tember

“XXVII. GERANIACEA. "295

or rudimentary, or in irregular flowers, 3 or more without anthers or wanting ;
filaments either free and filiform, or dilated or connate at the base; anthers
with 2 parallel cells. Ovary usually 3- to 5-lobed, with as many cells, the
carpels adnate to the axis up to the insertion of the ovules, and often pro-

duced above that into a beak bearing the style or stigmas; stigmas as many

as cells, either raised on the style or sessile on the carpels, radiating from a
connate base or rarely entirely connate. Ovules either 1 in each cell or 2
inserted nearly at the same point, 1 ascending, the other pendulous, or several
m lor 2 rows. Fruit either a lobed capsule, the lobes 1-seeded, separating
from the axis with the seed, and elastically rolled upwards along the beak,
leaving the placentiferous portion attached to the axis, or the lobes several-
seeded, remaining attached to the axis, but opening loculicidally, or, in genera
not Australian, the fruit is a berry or separates into indehiscent cocci. Seeds
pendulous or ascending; testa thin or rarely crustaceous ; albumen usually
Scanty or none. Embryo straight or curved, radicle short and straight or
long and curved or forked over the cotyledons.— Herbs or shrubs, or rarely
(in genera not Australian) trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, toothed,
lobed, or divided, very rarely quite entire. Stipules usually 2, Peduncles
axillary, 1- or 2-flowered, or bearing an umbel of several flowers, very rarely a
cyme or raceme.

The Order is chiefly dispersed over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere,
Very abundant in Southern Africa, with a few extratropical South American and tropical
Species. Of the four Australian genera, two are common in the northern hemisphere,
a third, although chiefly American, is represented in Australia by species of an extratropical

uropean as well as American type, and the fourth is almost entirely South African, The
Order is very closely allied to Zygophyllee.

Capsule beaked, the lobes 1-sceded, and elastically rolled upwards along the beak. Leaves
toothed, lobed, or divided.

Flowers regular,

Anthers usually 10. Tails of the carpels glabrous inside . . 1. GERANIUM.
Anthers b. "Tails of the carpels bearded inside . . . . + 2 EroDIUM.

Flowers irregular, with a linear tube or spur adnate to the pedicel.

Anthere B, 8, ep Lact denos EECH
Capsule opening loculicidally, the valves adhering to the axis. Leaves
PEREZNMNNT Uc a mE Vt ds

3. PELARGONIUM.

4. OXALIS.

1. GERANIUM, Linn.

Flowers regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Glands 5, alternating with the
petals. Stamens 10, all usually bearing anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, beaked, the
k terminating in the style, with 5 short stigmatic lobes. Ovules 2 in
each cell, Capsule-lobes 1-seeded, separating from the placenta-bearing axis,
enclosing the seed, and curled upwards on a long awn detached from the beak,
and glabrous inside. Radicle of the embryo turned back on the folded or
convolute cotyledons.—Herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alter-
nate, toothed, lobed, or divided, the lobes or segments palmate, or rarely (in
Species not Australian) pinnate. Peduncles axillary or in the forks, 1- or 2-
owered. ;
À lar i istri ole globe, but more abundant in the
Dën hemisphere aed one pere the past gor s Australian species are also in
ew Zealand and S. America, aud one of them extends up the whole length of that con-

296 XXVII. GERANIACEJE. [ Geranium.

tinent to the N.W., aud in a slight variety also over most temperate parts of the northern

hemisphere. Neither of them occurs in S. Africa.

Flowering-stems elongated and leafy. Seeds reticulate . . . 1. Ģ. dissectum. `

Flowering-stems undeveloped or'short. Seeds quite smooth . . 2. Q. sessiliflorum. `
Besides these, G. molle, Linn.; DC. Prod. 1643, a European annual weed, with orbicular

leaves divided to the middle only, small flowers with deeply notched petals, wrinkled capsule-

lobes, and smooth seeds, has established itself in some parts of ‘Tasmania.

1. G. dissectum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 643, var. australe. Usually
perennial, forming at length a thick rootstock, descending into a taproot.
Stems diffuse, procumbent or shortly erect, more or less hairy with spreading
or reflexed hairs, or hoary with a short pubescence. Leaves on long petioles,
nearly orbicular in their circumscription, deeply divided into 5 or 7 segments,
each one again more or less cut into 3 or more lobes, varying from broadly
euneate-oblong to linear, and usually pubescent or hairy, especially under-
neath. Peduncles 2-flowered, or rarely 1- or 3-flowered. Sepals 3-nerved,
obtuse, acute, or very shortly mucronate; usually 2 or 3 lines long. Petals
cuneate-obovate, entire or slightly notched, from rather longer than the sepals
to twice as long. Anthers all perfect. Lobes of the capsule sprinkled with
hairs, not wrinkled. Seeds covered with minute reticulations or rarely smooth.
—Hook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 39, and Fl. Tasm. i. 56; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. 1.
173; G. pilosum, Forst.; DO. Prod. i. 642 ; Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 162;
G. parviflorum, Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 642 ; G. philonothum, DC. Prod. i. 639
(from the character given); G. potentilloides, L'Hér., DC. Prod. i. 639;

Hook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 40 ; Fl. Tasm. i. 57; G. australe, Nees, in Pl. Preiss.
i. 162.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; common in the colony extending northwards
to New England, C. Stuart ; and Clarence river, Becker. :
, Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown ; frequent throughout the colony, ascending to alpine
situations, F, Mueller.
Tasmania. Abundant throughont the colony, J. D. Hooker.
S. Australia. Common in the colony, F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1900, 1907 ; Oldfield and others.

The original form of G. dissectum, as generally diffused over the temperate regions of the
northeru hemisphere, in the Old World, is an annual, with the petals very rarely exceeding
the sepals, and the seeds very prominently reticulate. In the eastern United States of
N. America, under the name of G. carolinianum, Linn., it is also annual or biennial, but has
the petals often rather larger and the reticulations of the seeds are finer and less prominent.
West of the Rocky Mountains the stock often appears to be perennial, and then it is undis-

tinguishable from some Australian forms. The commonest Australian form is frequently sent
from extratropical S. America, and extends all along the mountainous regions of that conti-
nent to Mexico and the Rocky Mountains, often apparently together with aud passing into
the northern annual variety. The Australian plant again, both in that country and in
New Zealand, is very variable, and may be generally subdivided into two principal races
although I have, after repeated trials, found it i

: : Pe mpossible to distribute our numerous speci-
mens quite satisfactorily into the two groups, viz. i

a. pilosum. Root thick. Stems ereet, . i

Seeds strongly reticulate. ct, ascending or procumbent, usually hirsute.
D potentilloides. Root and stock less thickened. Stems more slender and prostrate,

less hairy, and usually only slightly hoary with more appressed pubescence. Seeds more

finely reticulate, or rarely almost smooth, "To this variety belongs generally the G. potentil-
on tes Sant nese ei Nees, It appears to be rather the more common form =
the East, whilst the var. pilosum is more frequent in the W chter psu
out extratropical Australia, requent in the West. But both are

num Vies

MM d.

Geranium.) XXVII. GERANIACER. 397

2. G. sessiliflorum, Cav. Diss. 198, t. 77, f. 2. Perennial, with the
rootstock thick, descending into a taproot. ` Hairs of the peduncles and
sepals long and silky, spreading or reflexed as in the var. pilosum of G. dis-
sectum. Leaves mostly radical, on long petioles, divided, as in G. dissectum,
into 5 or 7 lobed segments. Flowering-stems undeveloped or very short,
rarely as long as the leaves, very hirsute. Peduncles short. Sepals much
more prominently mucronate or awned than in G. dissectum. Petals small.
Anthers all perfect. Capsule-lobes sprinkled with hairs, not wrinkled. Seeds
perfectly smooth or minutely punctulate under a strong lens.—G, brevicaule,
Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 253; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 57.

» Victoria. In alpine situations, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common in alpine districts, at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft, J.
D. Hooker. Also in New Zealand, in Fuegia and Chili. Considered by F. Mueller as an
St € of G. dissectum, but, besides the habit, the smoothness of the seeds seems to be
constant,

*

2. ERODIUM, L'Hér.

Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Glands 5, alternating
with the petals. Stamens 5 bearing anthers, opposite the sepals, and 5 sta-
minodia, usually scale-like, alternating with them. Ovary 5-lobed, beaked, the
beak terminating in the style, with 5 short stigmatic lobes, Ovules 2 in
each cell, Capsule-lobes 1-seeded, separating from the placenta-bearing axis,
enclosing the seed and curled upwards on a long elastic awn, which separates
from the beak, and is usually twisted and bearded inside with long hairs.
Radicle of the embryo turned back on the folded or convolute cotyledons.—
Herbs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves unequally opposite or alternate, pin-
nately or rarely ternately lobed or divided. Peduncles axillary, bearing an
umbel of several flowers, or rarely 1-flowered.

The species are numerous in Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia, 2 or 8 are natives
of S. Africa, and 2 or 3 more are now widely dispersed as weeds over many parts of the
globe. Two of these are in Australia, one of them perhaps indigenous, but the common
Australian species is endemic.

Leaves of 3 lobed or divided segments, the middle one the largest . 1. E. cygnorum.
ves pinnate with deeply-lobed narrow segments . . . + + + 2. E. cicutarium.

Besides these, E moschatum,Willd., a coarser plant than E. cicutarium, usually smelling of
musk, the leaves pinnate as in that species, but with ovate, toothed, or scarcely lobed segments,

established itself as a weed in some parts of Victoria, S. Australia, and W. Australia.

l. E. cygnorum, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 162. An annual or biennial,
With the habit of the coarser forms of Æ. cicutarium, sometimes slightly pubes-
cent, sometimes very hispid, with the hairs of the stem spreading or reflexed.
Leaves deeply 3-lobed or divided to the base into 3 lobes or segments, usually
obovate or cuneate, and more or less deeply toothed or again 3-lobed, the
central lobe larger, broader, and more lobed than the lateral ones. Flowers
blue, usually 2 to 5 in the umbel. Sepals pointed. Petals obovate, scarcely
exceeding the calyx or shorter. Filaments broad at the base, with subulate
points ; staminodia scale-like, often toothed. Capsule-lobes glabrous, hairy
or hispid; beak usually above 2 in. long.—F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 172.

Queensland. Peak Downs, P. Mueller ; Maranoa river, Mitchell.

298 XXVII. GERANIACER, (Erodium.

N. S. Wales. Nepean river, 2. Brown ; Lachlan and Darling rivers, 4. Cunningham,
Dallachy ; on the Murrumbidgee, AM" Ari Aner,

Victoria. Not rare in many parts of the colony, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. From Kangaroo Island and Spencer’s Gulf to Lake Torrens, and further
north, F. Mueller and others. :

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1902; and thence to Murchison
river, Oldfield.

2. E. cicutarium, Lé: DC. Prod. i. 646. Usually an annual, but
often forming a dense tuft, with a thick taproot, which may last over a second
year, always more or less covered with spreading hairs, which are sometimes
viscid. Stems sometimes exceedingly short, but lengthening out to near 1 ft.
Leayes mostly radical, pinnate, the segments distinct and deeply pinnatifid,
with narrow, more or less cut lobes. Peduncles erect, bearing an umbel of
from 2 or 3 to 10 or 12 small purple or pink flowers. Sepals pointed, about
the length of the obovate entire petals. Filaments and staminodia lanceolate-
subulate. Lobes*of the capsule slightly hairy, the beak 4 to 14 in. long.—
Nees, in Pl. Preiss. i. 161; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 183.
am S. Wales. Between the Lachlan and Darling rivers, Dad/achy ; Twofold Bay, F.

ueller, `

Victoria. On the Murray, and now rather frequent in many parts of the colony, F.
Mueller.

Tasmania. Along roadsides, evidently introduced, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Towards Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller,

W. Australia, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1899.

A very common weed in Europe and temperate Asia, and found in many other parts
of the world, in many cases introduced, as in several or perhaps all of the Australian

localities, but too widely spread now to be omitted from the Flora, even if it be not really
indigenous.

3. PELARGONIUM, L'Hér.

Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, shortly united at the base and produced into
a tube or spur, adnate to the pedicel. Petals 5 or fewer, the 2 upper ones
different from the others (usually larger), and inserted on the sides of or be-
hind the spur. Disk without glands. Stamens usually 10, hypogynous,
shortly united, 5 to 7 or rarely only 2 or 3 bearing anthers, the remainder
without anthers or rudimentary: Ovary and fruit of Erodium. Cotyledons
flat or folded.— Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, Leaves opposite or rarely
alternate, entire, toothed, lobed, or variously divided. Peduncles usually
axillary, bearing an umbel of several flowers.

A very large genus, but which, with the exception of 3 N. African or Levant species and
the 2 Australian ones, is confined to S. Africa. One of the Australian species appears

identical with a S. African one, and extends to New Zealand ; the other, whether species or
variety, is endemic.

Leafy stems usually elongated, Peduncles rarely twice as long as the
mt Petals from a little longer to half as long again as the
GT, . e 5 nee nau uu p

Stems short and erect. — Peduncles much longer, erect. Petals fully
twice as long as the calyx . d RTECS, el . . 9. P. Rodneyanum.

1. P. australe.

E P. australe, Milld. ; DC. Prod. i. 654. Herbaceous, often flower-
ing the first year, but forming a perenuial rootstock, either horizontal and

per

Pelargonium.) = XXVII. GERANIACER. 299

almost creeping, or short and thick. Leafy stems decumbent or erect; some-
times short, but usually attaining 1 ft. or more, generally pubescent or hirsute
with spreading hairs. Leaves reniform-cordate, or very rarely broadly ovate-
cordate, crenate, or very shortly lobed, very obtuse, rarely 2 in. diameter, and
usually much smaller, softly pubescent or hirsute. Stipules broad. Peduncles
usually longer than the leaves, but not so long as in P. Rodueyanum, and
sometimes very short. Flowers small, in an umbel, sometimes very dense,
almost reduced to a head, sometimes loose with pedicels of 4 in. or more.
Sepals acute, 2 to 3 lines long, usually very hairy, the decurrent tube rarely so
long, and sometimes very short. Petals from a little longer than the sepals
to about half as long again. Capsule-lobes pubescent, the beak from 4 to $
in. long, the awns of the lobes bearded inside as in Erodium. Seeds smooth.
—Sweet, Geran. t. 68; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.i.57; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. 170;
P. glomeratum, Jacq.; DC. Prod. i. 659; P. inodorum, Willd. ; DC. Le:
Sweet, Geran. t. 56; P. littorale, Hues, Bot. Arch. t. 5; P. crinitum, Nees,
in Pl. Preiss. i. 163 ; P. stenanthum, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 149;
P. Drummondi, 'Turez. l. c. 421 (a robust form with large flowers).

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 252; northward to Clarence
river, Beckler, and New England, and inland to the Blue Mountains and Lachlan river, 4.
Cunningham and others. :

Victoria. Frequent on sandy shores, desert land, river banks, mountains, ete., F.
Mueller. :

Tasmania, R, Brown. Abundant in many parts of the colony, especially near the
sea, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Chiefly near the sea, F. Mueller and others.

- Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; and thence to Swan River, Drum-

rus lst Coll., Coll. 5, n. 191, 192, 193, etc. ; Preiss, n. 1905, 1906; Oldfield, and

Var. erodioides ; small and slender, pubescent, the leaves not above i in. diameter, and
flowers small, the sepals varying from 1 to 2 lines. P. erodioides, Hook. Journ. Bot.
i. 252; P. acugnaticum, Thou. ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 58.— Tasmania, and occasionally iu
Victoria, and especially in N. S. Wales, where is also a more robust form, but with flowers
at least as smali. "This is the P. clandestinum, L'Hér. ; Hook. f. Fl. N. Zeal. i. 41, and is the
most common form in New Zealand. P. acugnaticum, Thon., from Tristan d'Acunha,
ìs also a form of the same species scarcely to be distinguished from the var. erodioides, and
all these collectively cannot be separated from the S. Afriean var. anceps of P, grossularioides,
Ait., or P. anceps, Ait. But although the Australian P. australe and S. African P. grossu-

ides thus coincide in this particular form, the more common varieties are in each case

endemic, the ordinary P. australe described above never occurring in S. Africa, where the

most common form is one with deeply-cut leaves, which is never to be met with in Australia.
Harv. and Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 289.

2. P. Rodneyanum, Lindi. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 144. A peren-
al, forming a thick rootstock and a very short erect stem, hirsute with
Spreading hairs. Leaves chiefly radical, petiolate, from broadly orbicular-cor-
te to ovate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, crenulate and sometimes shortly lobed, gla-
brous or minutely hoary-tomentose. Peduncles erect, 4 to 8 in. long, bearing
an umbel of 4 to 8 showy reddish-purple flowers. Sepals about 3 lines long,
rather obtuse; the adnate calyx-tube usually longer, but sometimes rather
shorter than the sepals. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx, the two upper
ENT than the others. Fruit not seen.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 171, t.
suppl. 11. -

300 XXVII. GERANIACEA. [ Pelargonium.

Victoria. Near the Murray river, Mitchell; Forest Creek and towards Mount
Alexander, F. Mueller ; in the Grampians, Wilhelmi. i

S. Australia. Lynedoch Valley, Behr; near Skipton, Aen, -

V. Australia. In the interior from Swan River, Drummond, Roe. In these spe-
cimens the leaves are more decidedly cordate, almost reniform.

The species much resembles in habit and flowers, and in the shape of the foliage i
reniforme, Curt., from South Africa, but wants the dense whitish velvety tomentum of the
under side of the leaves of that species, F. Mueller thinks it a variety only of P. australe,
but of that we have not as yet sufficient evidence to justify the union.

LI

4. OXALIS, Linn.

Flowers regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Disk without glands. Stamens 10,
free or united at the base, all bearing anthers. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled,
without any beak or with a very short one; styles 5, with terminal stigmas,
capitate or lobed; ovules 1, 2, or several in each cell Capsule opening
loculicidally, the valves persistent on the axis. Seeds with an outer fleshy
coating, opening elastically, with the appearance of an arillüs; testa crus-
taceous; albumen fleshy; embryo straight.—Herbs. Leaves alternate or
radical, compound ; leaflets 3, digitate, or, in species not Australian, 3 or
more and pinnate. Stipules scale-like or none. Peduncles axillary or radical,
1-flowered or bearing an umbel of several flowers.

A large genus, especially abundant in South America and extratropical South Africa, with
a very few species widely dispersed over the temperate or tropical regions of the globe. of
the two Australian species, one is common to New Zealand and Antarctic America, and
perhaps not different from a common northern one, the other is a widely-spread weed in va-
rious parts of the world.

Flowers white. Peduncles radical, l-flowered . . . . . . .
Flowers small, yellow. Stem elongated. Peduncles axillary, 1- or :
more-flowered fee eU eg SE 2... . . 9. O. corniculata.

]. O. magellanica,

1. O. magellanica, Forst.; DC. Prod. i. 100. Rootstock shortly
creeping, slender, but often knotted with thickened scale-like persistent sti-
pules. Leaves radical, sprinkled with a few hairs ; leaflets 3, obcordate, of a
delicate green, on a long common petiole. Peduncles radical, long and
slender, bearing a single rather large white flower, with a pair of narrow
bracts above the middle. Sepals small, ovate, obtuse, thin. Petals obovate,
4 to 6 lines long.. Capsule ovoid, with 1 or 2 shining black seeds in each cell.
— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 59; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 42, t. 13; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.

116; O. lactea, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 276, and Journ. Bot. ii. 416;
O. cataracte, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 418.

Victoria. Humid subalpine forests and alpine streams i tern parts of Gipps
Land, at an elevation of 2500 to 5000 ft., F. Mueller. nam

Tasmania. Mountain woods and streams in vari t an elevation
of 1500 to 3000 ft., J. D. Hooker. s in various parts of the colony a

The species is also in New Zealand and in Fi
specimens can also scarcely be distinguished fro
species in the temperate or mountainous regio:

are rather larger, the bracts longer and narrower, and the leaflets more deeply notched, the
minute glandular appendage in the notch being often more or less visible in the northern

plant. The Tasmanian form, like the New Zealand and S. American ones, is smaller and
more stunted.

uegia and S. Chili. Some of the Victorian
m the O. Acetosella, Linn., a widely-spread
ns of the northern hemisphere. The stipules

e yO

Oxalis.] XXVII, GERANIACER, 301

. 9. O. corniculata, Linn. ; DC. Prod. i. 692. A decumbent, prostrate

or ascending, much-branched, delicate perennial or sometimes annual, more or
less pubescent, of a pale green, from a few inches to a foot long. Stipular
scales small, adnate to the petiole. Leaves alternate ; leaflets 3, broadly ob-
cordate, usually 3 or 4 lines long, but sometimes half that size. Peduncles
axillary, about the length of the petioles, bearing an umbel of several small
yellow flowers, rarely reduced to 1 or 2, on reflexed pedicels. Capsule column-
like, often above 4 in. long, with several seeds in each cell, rarely short and
few-seeded.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 199; Wight, Ic. t. 18; Hook f. FI.
Tasm. i. 59; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 177 ; O. microphylla, Poir. ; DC. Prod.
1, 692; O. perennans, Haw. ; DC. l.c. 691 (from the character given); O.
Preissiana and O. cognata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 160.

Queensland. Islands of the coast as well as on the mainland, Keppel Bay, R. Brown ;
Percy Island, A. Cunningham and others ; and in the interior as far north as the Burdekin,
F. Mueller, Mitchell, etc.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, and northward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ;
southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller ; and in the interior.

Victoria. Common throughout the colony, except the alpine tracts, F. Mueller.

T o — Common in pastures, waste places, etc., throughout the island, J. D.
ooker.

vs Australia. Extending over the colony inland to Lofty Range, F. Mueller and
others,

W. Australia. From the S. coast to Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1915, 1916,
and others; and to Murchison river, Oldfield.

Order XXVIII. RUTACEA.

Flowers regular sand hermaphrodite, or very rarely unisexual. Calyx
usually small, 4- or 5-lobed, or divided into as many distinct imbricate
sepals, rarely large, or with fewer or more numerous or valvate lobes. Petals
of the same number as sepals, free or rarely cohering, hypogynous or slightly
perigynous, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Stamens usually free, either equal
in number to the petals and alternate with them, or double the number, or
rarely more numerous, when twice as many as petals the sepaline ones (those
opposite the sepals) usually longer than the others. Anthers usually versatile,
With 2 parallel cells opening longitudinally, the connective occasionally tipped
by a gland or projecting appendage. Torus usually more or less thickened
into an entire crenate or lobed disk, within the stamens, under or round the
Ovary. Gynecium of 4 or 5, rarely more or fewer carpels, more or less united
into a single lobed or entire ovary, or rarely quite distinct, with one cell to
each carpel. Styles as many as carpels, either free at the base but united
Upwards, or united from the base; stigma terminal, entire or lobed. Ovules
usually 2 in each cell, superposed or rarely collateral or solitary, or more than
2; the micropyle superior. Fruit separating into 2-valved or rarely indehis-
Cent cocci, or the carpels united in an indehiscent berry or drupe, or rarely
ma loculicidally dehiscent capsule, the endocarp frequently separating from
the pericarp. Seeds usually solitary in each cell; testa crustaceous and often
shining, or rarely coriaceous or membranaceous; albumen fleshy or none.
Embryo straight or curved, large in proportion to the seed ; cotyledons flat
or rarely folded ; radicle superior.— Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbs, marked

302: .XXVIII. RUTACEJE.

with glandular pellucid dots on the leaves and other thin herbaceous parts.
Indumentum usually stellate, if any. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or’
compound, entire or rarely toothed or lobed. Stipules none. Flowers axillary
or terminal, solitary, clustered, eymose, or paniculate, very rarely racemose
and seldom if ever spicate.

Al Order, ranging over the hotter and temperate regions of the whole world, but
chiefly abundant within the tropics, in South Africa aud in Australia. Among the al
lian genera, the large tribe of Boroniee is entirely endemic, with the exception of one New
Zealand and one New Caledonian species. The monotypic genera, Bosistoa, Mew
and Pentaceras, and the small genus Geijera, are also endemic, Melicope extends to the
Pacific islands, and the remaining genera range over tropical Asia, three of them Sé
into Africa. Zanthoxylum alone, a wide-spread tropical genus, is common to America an
Australia, and even here the Australian species belong to the exclusively Australasian section
Blackburnia. É ge

Difficult as it is to distinguish Rutacee by well-marked floral or carpological chara —
from Geraniacee, Zygophyllee, or Simarubee, they are so readily known by their SS
exstipulate leaves, that the ambiguous genera are remarkably few. They have usually zi
distributed into 3 or 4 Orders, Rutacee (including or not Diosmea), — 2
Aurantiee, upon characters which break down upon a close scrutiny; the Todda es
being much nearer to the Aurantiee than to the Zanthoxylee proper, which again have E y
vague differences to distinguish them from Boroniea. We therefore, in our Genera Plan-.
tarum, proposed the union of the whole into 1 Order, divided into 2 series, according as
the ovary is lobed or entire, and subdivided into 7 tribes, of which 4 only are Australian.

Terme I. Boronieæ.—Shrubs, very rarely arborescent. Leaves simple, 3-foliolate z
rarely pinnate, with opposite smali leaflets. Ovary lobed. Fruit separating into — >
2-valved cocci. Endocarp separating elastically. Seeds albuminous. Embryo usually
terete.

Leaves opposite (except in one Zieria) simple or compound. :
Petals 4, united or connivent in a cylindrical or campanulate
corolla. Leaves petiolate, simple. . . . . . . . . 19. CORREA.
~ Petals 4, free, spreading.
Stamens 4, inserted on 4 prominent glands or lobes of the disk 1
Stamens 8. Disk without prominent glands (excepting B. te-
Ped. c d a uaa a uu SES Wa "Te

Petals 5, rarely more, free, spreading 3. ACRADENIA.

Leaves alternate, simple.
. Flowers in dense peduneulate reflexed heads. Stamens much ex-
serted.

. AZIERIA.

D LI D D D D D

Bracts subulate. Sepals 5. Petals narrow. Leaves lobed . 14, CHORILENA.
.. Bracts ovate or lanceolate, numerous and imbricate. Sepals 0.
. Petals very narrow. Leaves entire . . . . . . . . 15. DIPLOLENA.
(See also Phebalium Ralstoni.) :
Flowers distinct or in sessile, erect heads.
Petals united or connivent in a tubular corolla.
Petals free, Stamens twice as mauy, monadelphons.
Stanieus aloe = = uy o nn.
Stamens 5 perfect, 5 without anthers `
Petals free. Stamens twice as many, free,
Calyx inconspicuous or none. Petals induplicate-valvate,

. . 13. NEMATOLEPIS.

Sees. 01.9. PHILOTBRCA:
: oe te V 10. DIUMMONDITAF

tomentose outside . . . ,.. , ,
Calyx distinct but shorter than the petals.
Petals broad, much imbricate, not scurfy, without inflexed
tips. Filaments hairy.
Anthers minutely or not at all apiculate . . , . . 5. ERIOSTEMON.
Anthers tipped with long, horn-like, hairy appendages . 4. CROWEA,

11, AsTEROLASIA.

a

he

XXVIII. RUTACEA. 308

Petals valvate or slightly imbricate, with inflexed valvate
tips, glabrous or scaly.
Ovary of 5, rarely fewer carpels, the styles attached below

RUC IGG... C lr qu. ts cht bt Bae 21S er
Ovary of 2 carpels, the style attached above the middle.
Flowers small, in sessile, terminal heads . . . . 7. MICROCYBE.

Calyx of coloured petal-like sepals longer than the petals . 8. GELEZNOWIA.
Petals free. Stamens of the same number, free . . . . . 21. GEIJERA,

: Treise IT. Zanthoxylese.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate or 8-foliolate with op-
posite leaflets, or l-foliolate (truly simple in Geijera), the leaflets usually large. Ovary
lobed. Fruit separating into distinct 2-valved cocci. Endocarp persistent, or sepa-
rating elastically. Seeds with or without albumen. Cotyledons usually flattened and
broader than the radicle.

Stamens twice as many as petals,
ves all or mostly opposite. Cocci dehiscent, —
Leaves pinnate. Petals valvate or slightly imbricate. Seeds

Without albumen: 5i 46 d 0$. ell. se 100 Bosrsmoa.
Leaves 3-foliolate. Petals valvate or slightly imbrieate, with
infexedlips . 17. MELICOPE.

Leaves l-folioclate. Petals large, broadly imbricate, not inflexed 19. Mrptcosma.

Leaves alternate, pinnate. Petals valvate. Cocci winged, inde-

Eer att
Stamens the same number as petals. Cocci dehiscent.
ves all or mostly opposite, usually 3-foliolate . . . . . . 18. Evopnra.
Leaves alternate, smplg ei Made send ede géi ee o Bl GRR
Leaves alternate, pinnate . . . . . + . » e +» 20, ZANTHOXYLUM.
(See also Flindersia among Meliacee.)

Trise IIT, Toddaliese.— Trees or shrubs, with the habit of Zanthoxylem. Ovary not
lobed. Fruit several-celled, indehiscent, or rarely loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds albumi-
nous (in the Australian genus).

Leaves 1-foliolate. Stamens twice as many aspetals . . . . > 93. ACRONYCHIA.

Triger IV, Axuranties.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, with usually alternate
leaflets, or 1.foliolate or simple. Stamens twice as many as petals or more, Ovary
not lobed. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without albumen.

Leaves all or mostly pinnate. No thorns. :
Flowers in terminal, flat, corymbose panicles. Filaments subulate.

Petals valvate or nearly so. Cotyledons much folded. Flowers
ANM — 1v Lo . . . 25. MICROMELUM.

Petals imbricate, erect. Cotyledons flat. Flowers large . . 26. MURRAYA.
Flowers in oblong, pyramidal, or loose axillary or terminal pani-
cles. Filaments dilated at the base or middle.

Ovules solitary. Leaflets few. . . . - + + + + + + 24. GETCOSMIS.

Ovules 2 in each cell. Leaflets numerous. . . . . . « 27. CLAUSENA.
Leaves all simple or 1-foliolate, coriaceous. Thorns axillary.

ary 5- or fewer celled, with 1 or 2 ovules in each cell . . . 28. ATALANTIA.
_ UYary G- or more celled, with 4 or more ovules in each cell . . 29. Citrus.

. Trige I. Boronrex.—Shrubs, very rarely arborescent. Leaves simple,

3-foliolate or rarely pinnate, with opposite small leaflets. Ovary lobed. Fruit

Separating into distinct 2-valved cocci. Endocarp separating elastically.
ds albuminous. Embryo usually terete.— The tribe differs from the S.
rican Diosmee chiefly in the presence of albumen.

1l. ZIERIA, Sm. :
Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, imbricate or almost valvate in the bud, spreading.

29. PENTACEROS.

304 j XXVIII, RUTACEJE. i [ Zieria,

Disk with 4 distinct gland-like lobes, alternating with the petals. Stamens
4, inserted on the outside of the glands of the disk. Carpels 4, distinct or
nearly so; styles nearly terminal, short and united at least at the top ; stigma
capitate, 4-furrowed or shortly 4-lobed. . Ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed,
Cocci 4, 2-valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. Seeds
solitary, or rarely 2 in each coccus, oblong; testa crustaceous.—Shrubs or
rarely small trees, glabrous hirsute or tomentose. Leaves usually opposite,
with 3 leaflets, rarely alternate or simple. Flowers white, usually small, axil-
lary, in small trichotomous cymes or rarely solitary. :

The species are all endemic in Australia, aud F. Mueller considers them as forming a
section only of Boronia ; but the characters and habit appear to me sufficiently distinct to
justify the maintenance of so old-established and generally adopted a genus.

Anthers distinctly apiculate. Plant glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Leaflets with revolute margins. Cymes pedunculate.
Branchlets angular, glabrous. . Leaflets 4 to 1 in. on a distinct
common pelidle . ie Soleo debe Se ea AI.
Branchlets terete, pubescent. Leaflets under 4 in., sessile, ap-
pening yatili 45 ties ro du s.
Anthers minutely apiculate, Plant pubescent or hirsute, rarely to-
mentose. Flowers 1 to 3, small.. Calyx-segments very narrow,
nearly as long as the petals . . . RE Acne NOB S alos
Anthers not apiculate. Calyx-lobes short.
Flowers 1 to 3, on short axillary pedicels. Leaves densely pubes-
cent or tomentose.
Leaflets 3, small, obovate or obcordate. Flowers very small . 4, Z. obcordata.
Leaves simple, ovate or oblong . . . . . . . . . . 5. Z.veronicea.
Flowers in pedunculate cymes or heads, with leafy bracts. Leaves
densely tomentose or villous.
Upper leaves simple. Cymes contracted into dense heads, with
Li egen, AE E Ee Z2 re
Leaves all 3-foliolate. Cymes not capitate . ; 5 . T. Z. cytisoides.
Flowers in loose pedunculate cymes, with small bracts.
Densely tomentose or velvety. | Leaflets flat, lanceolate. Petals
aod vane .—. ea cB, Z. furfuracea.
Glabrous or slightly pubescent. e
Leaflets flat, lanceolate. Petals distinctly imbricate . . . 9. Z. Smithii.
Leaflets narrow-linear. Flowers small, the petals almost
ES nc 3 EE a 22. © + 10. 2. granulata.

wL Z. lævigata, Sm.; DC. Prod. i. 123. A glabrous, erect shrub, the.

1. Z. levigata.
2. Z. aspalathoides.

branchlets angular. Leaflets 3, on a common petiole of 1 to 3 lines, linear, i

pointed, 4 to 1 in. long, the margins closely revolute. Cymes few-flowered,
mostly about as long as the leaves. Calyx-lobes short and broad. Petals
fully 3 times as long as the calyx, broad, imbricate, slightly tomentose out-
side. Connective of the anthers distinct, produced beyond the cells into a
short point or appendage. Style very short. Cocci and seeds of Z. Smithit.
—Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 49; Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 77, with a fig.; Boronia
Levigata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 101; Z. revoluta, A. Cunn. in Field, N. 8.
Wales, 330.
Queensland. Sandstone rocks near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others ; Blue Mountains, A, Cunningham ;
Mount Lindsay, Fraser.

á *
Var. /ariflora. Leaflets longer (1 to 13 in), on a longer common petiole. Flowers

j

Te

Zieria.] XXVIII, RUTACEA. 305

much smaller, in a looser cyme. Petals not twice as long as the calyx.—Stradbrooke Island,
Fraser ; Moreton Island, F. Mueller. :

2 2. Z. aspalathoides, 4. Cunn. Herb. A heath-like shrub, the branches `

terete and pubescent, but usually with a decurrent glabrous line. Leaflets 3,
sessile or with the common petiole so exceedingly short that they appear ver-
ticillate, lanceolate or linear, rarely above 3 lines long, or when very luxuriant
4 or 5 lines, the margins revolute, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Cymes
usually 3-flowered, rather longer than the leaves. Calyx-lobes broad, obtuse
or acute. Petals about 2 or 3 times as long. Anthers tipped with a small
obtuse appendage.— Boronia levigata, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 111 (in part).

N. S. Wales. Wellington Valley, Blue Mountains, and W. branches of Hunter's

River, 4. Cunningham ; Peele's ranges, Fraser. 8
Grampians, A, Cunningham ; barren ridges near Goulburn river, F. Mueller.

3. Ze pilosa, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 293, t. 17. A shrub or
tndershrub, the branches terete and densely pubescent or hirsute. Leaflets
3, with a short common petiole, linear, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 4 to $
m. or rarely 1 in. long, the margins recurved or revolute, slightly pubescent
or glabrous above, more or less hirsute or tomentose underneath. Flowers
small, solitary and nearly sessile or 2 or 3 together on short pedicels. Calyx
hirsute, with linear-subulate or narrow-lanceolate lobes, nearly as long as the
petals and always much narrower than in any other species. Anthers minutely
apiculate. Cocci hirsute, broader than in most species.— DC. Prod. i. 723;
Z. pauciflora, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xxxix, ; DC. Le: Z. hirsuta, DC. Le:
Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 50; Boronia hirsuta, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 101.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Botany Bay, Banks, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 283
(partly mixed with Boronia polygalifolia, var. triphylla), and many others.

. QUI. parviflora. Less pubescent; leaves smaller; flowers and fruit much smaller. Both
m Banks’ and in R, Brown's collections.

Var, (?) canescens. More tomentose-hirsute ; leaves narrow, very tomentose underneath,
the margins scarcely recurved; inflorescence looser, the peduncles rather lengthened and
3-flowered, but with the calyx of Z, pilosa.—Z. canescens, R. Br. Herb.—Hills in the in-
terior, Caley,

Z. microph lla i . 64, DC. Prod. i. 723, only known by an exceeding y
short diagnosis, is rur fur epoca I did not find it in the Paris herbarium. Z. trifo-
“ata, Bonpl., mentioned in gardening works, js probably this or one other of the common
Species met with in gardens.

7, 4 Z. obcordata, 4. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 330. A shrub of
low growth, with elongated diffuse branches, terete and softly hirsute. Leaf-
lets 3, with a very short common petiole, obovate or obcordate, 2 to 4 lines
or rarely $ in. long, softly pubescent or tomentose above, more hirsute or
velvety and whitish underneath, the margins recurved or revolute. Flowers
1 to 3 in the axils, very small, on short slender pedicels, the petals not above
l line and the calyx about half as long with broad and obtuse segments.

nthers not apiculate. Cocei small, glabrous. — Boronia minutiflora, F. Muell.
ragm. i, 100,
Queensland, Glasshouse Mountains, F. Mueller.

x N. S. Wales. Macquarie river, 4. Cunningham.

5. Zi. veronicea, F. Muell. Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 11. A low shrub,
clothed all over with a soft close or velvety tomentum. Leaves all simple,
VOL. I, X

*

306 XXVIII. RUTACE X. :[Zieria.

opposite or alternate, sessile or nearly so, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly 3
to 4 lines and rarely } in. long, the margins revolute. Flowers solitary or 2
^or 8 together, on short pedicels. Bracts small but leafy. Calyx tomentose.
Petals about twice as long, tomentose outside, much imbricate. Filaments
hairy. Anthers obtuse or obscurely apiculate. Ovary and style stellate-
pubescent. ` Cocci tomentose.—Boronia veronicea, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 228.
Victoria. Sandy Mallee scrub along the lower Wimmera, Dal/achy.
S. Australia. Encounter Bay and Kangaroo Island, F. Mueller and others.

6. Z. involucrata, R. Br. Herb. The whole plant densely and softly
tomentose-hirsute. Lower leaves simple, oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1j in. long,
flat; upper ones 3-foliolate with a short common petiole ; leaflets similar to
the simple leaves or smaller. Flowers several together, sessile, in dense heads
on axillary peduncles. Bracts ovate, leafy, softly villous, nearly as long as
the flowers and imbricate with them. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, more
than half as long as the petals. Anthers not apiculate.

Y S. Wales. Valleys of the Blue Mountains, Backhouse.

71. Z

. cytisoides, S5.; DC. Prod. i. 123. A much-branched shrub,
hoary all over with a soft close or more or less velvety tomentum. Leaflets 3,
with a common petiole of 1 to 3 lines, obovate-oblong, about 4 or rarely 4 in.
long, obtuse or minutely pointed, the margins revolute, narrowed at the base.
Cymes dense but few-flowered, rarely much exceeding the leaves. Bracts
leafy, as long as the pedicels or often nearly as long as the flowers. Calyx
ratber short, with broad acute segments. Petals rarely twice as long, much
imbricate in the bud. — Anthers not apiculate.

N. S. Wales. In the mountains, Caley; high granitic ranges near Bathurst, Fraser,
A. Cunningham ; Twotold Bay, Huegel, F. Mueller ; Castle Creek, Leichhardt.

8. Z. furfuracea, R. Br. Herb. A tall shrub, so nearly resembling
some forms of Z. Smithii in the shape and size of the leaves and in inflores-
cence that F. Mueller suggests it may be only a remarkable variety. Whole
plant densely clothed with a soft velvety stellate tomentum, the tubercular
glands also tomentose and often projecting on the branches and under side of
the leaves, and the dots quite opaque or rarely pellucid. Leaflets lanceolate,
flat. Flowers numerous in the cymes} much smaller than in Z. Smithii, and,
the petals less imbricate or almost valvate. Cocci hairy.

N.S. Wales. NW. interior, Fraser ; Hastings river, Beckler,

*V 9. Z, Smithii, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 606 (1810). A tall shrub or small
tree, glabrous or slightly pubescent with a very minute usually stellate down,

the branches terete or compressed, occasionally covered with glandular tu-

bercles. Leaflets 3, with a distinct common petiole, lanceolate or the larger
ones oblong, elliptical, acute or rarely obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long in the original
form, flat or the margins sli

1 ; ghtly recurved. Flowers usually about 3 lines
diameter, in axillary 2-3-chotomous cymes, shorter than the leaves. Calyx-
lobes broad and short. Petals fully 3 times as long as the calyx, tomentose
outside. Anthers obtuse, not apiculate. Cocci about 2 lines long, glabrous,
usually glandular-tuberculate. Seeds shining, finely reticulate-striate.— Bot.
Mag. t. 1395; Bonpl. Jard. Malm. 62, t.24; Z. lanceolata, R. Br.; DC.

Zieria.] XXVIII. RUTACER, 307

Prod. i. 723 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.i. 65 ; Boronia arborescens, F. Muell. Fragm.
i. 100, and; DL Vict. i. 111. :
© Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; Stradbrooke Island, Fraser. 3

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, A. Brown, Sieber, m. 280, and others; Blue Moun-
tains, Fraser and others; northward to Hastings river, 4. Cunningham and others; and
Mount. Lindsay, W. Hill ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller,

Victoria. From the Grampians and Cape Otway ranges eastward, along humid forest
valleys, ascending to high mountain ravines, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple and King’s Island, R. Brown; common in rich soil
throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

Var. parvifolia. Leaflets rarely exceeding 1 in.; cymes often as long.—Sandy Bay
aud Cape Hervey, R. Brown ; New England, Stuart. S

Var. macrophylla. More arborescent ; leaflets often 3 in. long; flowers larger than in
the ordinary form; seeds broader and less reticulate.—Z. arborescens, Sims; Hook. Journ,
Bot. i. 256 ; Z. macrophylla, Bonpl.; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 48 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4451. To
this variety belong the Tasmanian and many of the Victorian specimens. i

The stamens in this and other Zierias are figured in Delessert's ‘ Icones,' by some mistake,
as attached iuside instead of outside the glands or lobes of the disk. The name of Z. lan-
ceolata was adopted by Smith (in Rees’ Cycl. xxxix.), on the consideration that the synonym
quoted in the Bot. Mag. was a sufficient publication; Andrews’ name had, however, been
published a year previous to the plate in Bot. Mag.

10. Z. granulata, C. Moore, in Herb. Hook. A tall shrub or small
tree, glabrous or very minutely pubescent, and densely covered with glandular
tubercles as in some varieties of Z. Smithii, with which F. Mueller proposes
to unite it. It differs chiefly in the narrow-linear leaflets, 1 to 2 in. long,
the margins revolute and whitish underneath, and in the very small flowers,
with the petals almost strictly valvate. Cocci glabrous.— Boronia granulata,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 101.

N. S. Wales. Near Goulburn, C. Moore, woods of Paris Exhibition, n. 204;
Kiama, Harvey.

2. BORONIA, Sm.

Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, either much imbricate or valvate in the bud,
Spreading. Disk thick, entire or (in one species only) with 4 gland-like
lobes. Stamens 8, inserted outside the disk; anthers either all similar and
perfect or 4 different from the others and imperfect. Carpels of the ovary 4,
distinct or nearly so; styles terminal, united; stigma entire or 4-lobed.
Ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed or rarely collateral. Cocci usually 4, 2-
valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. Seeds solitary
or rarely 2 in each coccus, oblong; testa crustaceous.—Shrubs, under-
shrubs, or rarely annuals, glabrous pubescent or hirsute, rarely tomentose.

aves Opposite, simple, pinnate with a terminal leaflet, or once or ieri
ternately compound, the rhachis usually articulate at each pair of leaflets an
often dilated between them. Peduncles axillary or terminal, either po
and jointed with a pair of minute bracts at the joint, or bearing an umbe “a
dichotomous cyme of several flowers with small bracts at the base of t `
pedicels. Flowers red, white, purple, or blue. Calyx-segments vaa s
usually valvate when the petals are valvate and sometimes also when they hs
Imbricate, but in the latter case the sepals are usually also E a le
ase. In some species the anthers and stigma are different in different indivi-
duals of the same variety. In most of the species the filaments of y md

308 XXVIII. RUTACEX. [ Boronia.

stamens (those. alternating with the petals) are longer and more distinctly

clavate or capitate and glandular at the top than‘the petaline ones. Anthers

usually very shortly stipitate, rather below the obtuse summit of the filament.
The species are all limited to Australia,

Series I. Valvatee.— Petals strictly valvate. Sepals usually valvate.
Sepals as long as or longer than the petals, enclosing them in the
bud. (Plants tomentose or pubescent.)
Sepals longer than the petals.
Leaves all simple. Sepals 5 to 6 lines . . . . . . . 1l. B. grandisepala.
Leaves mostly or all pinnate, Sepals 3 to 4 lines. . . . 2. B. artemisiafolia.
Sepals (about 2 lines) of the size of the petals. Leaves pinnate.
Leaflets small, ovate, numerous. Pedicels slender `, . . . 4. B. filicifolia.
Leaflets linear. Pedicels very snort . . . . . . . . 8. B. affinis.
Sepals much smaller than the petals.
— hiflorescence entirely or mostly terminal.
Cymes terminal, leafy. Leaves pinnate. Flowerslarge . . 5. B. alata.
Flowers small, 1 to 3 together in the forks of spreading dicho-
tomous stems. Common petiole very short.
Leaflets usually 5, obovate, about 2 lines, thick, glabrous
and green on both sides. Flowers almost sessile. . . 6. B. algida.
Leaflets 3, obovate-oblong, about 3 lines, pale underneath.
Pedicels slender . . , 7. B. Edwardsit.
‘Inflorescence entirely axillary.
Peduncles 1-flowered.
Leaflets 3, sessile.
Leaflets small, obovate, coriaceous, flat.
Leaves glabrous. Peduncles as long as the leaves. . 8. B. calophylla.

H E - D D D D D LI

Leaves tomentose. Flowers almost sessile . . . . 9. B. ternata.
Leaflets linear, revolute at the margin. Flowers almost
sessile

"ecu IN MN E IE . 10. B. ericifolia.
Leaflets 3 or more, with a distinct common petiole.
Leaflets (about 5) linear, thick, but flat. Flowers gla-
brons, mime . ..45. 1090. y e. . EL, Be ampli.
Leaflets (usually 5 or 7) obovate or cuneate, glabrous,
complicate. Flowers tomentose, rather large . . . 12. B. eriantha.
Leaflets 7 to 13 or more, small, linear or oblong, the

margins revolute. Sepals lanceolate, subulate-acumi-
nate .

NI 9 4 4 x. a s... S. POS Ji GUM
Leaflets 3, rarely 5, the margins recurved or revolute,
_ tomentose or hoary underneath . . . . . « l4. B. ledifolia.
dee linear or vesci sapie" a Peren about 4 lines 14. B. ledifolia.
Yi long lat ers about 2 lines. . . 15. B. lanceolata.
Peduncles bearing an umbel of several flowers. ad e =
Leaves simple, lanceolate, tomentose underneath. Flowers
small. fo. f. c o n wur AO, up 15. 2. golat.
Leaves mostly pinnate, with few distant leaflets. Flo

8 to 6 lines. xou

Glabrous or slightly hoary. . . . , Fraseri.

Softly hirsute or tomentose . . , , . . : i : : TA z nollie.

Series II. Heterandree.— Petals imbricate. Sepaline anthers different from the others,

and often imperfect. Stigma usually thick and fleshy. Leaves mostly pinnate. Leaf-
ed.

lets linear. Peduncles axillary, lJfower.
Sepaline anthers large, black, or purple.

Glabrous. Leaflets 1 to 3, nearly sessile, heath-like.

purple outside, yellowish inside

d

Petals dark S
ori 39 9 0r. "aeu V 18s. megastigma,

ep eg O a

^ ases Ni

JC MENO CNN S e 0n

Boronia. | XXVIII. RUTACER. 309.

Glabrous. Leaflets single, long and linear,or 3 with a long petiole.
Flowers pink . MG 4 at qe. . ab varo ut LC R
Branches hirsute. Leaflets several, in distant pairs. Flowers -
BERE c 0... . 109874 ee ae
Sepaline anthers very small. v Rc ak
Branches hirsute. Leaflets several, in rather distant pairs. ` Se-
paline filaments long and inflected . aoa ee ees ee
Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaflets crowded on a short ES?
petiole. Sepaline filaments very shore 600 ee RL, eranl.

Serres III. Pinnatee.—Petals imbricate. Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves pinnate.
Peduneles mostly axillary.

Peduncles all 1-flowered. (Western species.)
Low or diffuse undershrubs or shrubs. Leaflets linear-cuneate,
obtuse, crowded on a short petiole. "i 3
Branches hirsute. Flowers nearly sessile. Stigma conical . 23. B. albiflora,
Branches pubescent. ` Flowers shortly pedicellate. Stigma gees
depressed, 4-lobed, radiating . ^. ^.^. +. . 28. B. crassifolia.
Stems erect, virgate, hirsute. Leaflets linear-terete. Flowers e
nearly sessile. Sepals usually lanceolate-subulate . . . 24. B. lanuginosa.
Erect shrubs. Leaflets in distant pairs. Flowers pedunculate.
Sepals broad.
Pedicels shorter than’ the leaves, thickened upwards . . . 25. B. pulchella.
Pa see long and a Däreg j . . . 26. B. gracilipes.
uncles mostly 3- or several-flowered. (Eastern species. :
Glabrous, Leaflets small, thick, obovate .* . . . . .' . + 29, B. microphylla.
Glabrous. Leaflets linear or oblong in distant pairs . peers 98. B. pinnata.
More or less pubescent. Leaflets crowded, the lowest pair close :
to the stem . . . D. Ue TT e NN Di A.

Serres IV, Cyanese.— Petals imbricate. Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves simple or
3-foliolate, or the terminal leaflet or all three again 3-foliolate. Flowers axillary,
— blue or bluish. Filaments usually much flattened. (Cyanothamanus, Lindl.)

Leaves or leaflets short, oblong or-cuneate, thick. Appendage of
the anthers small. 7
Lower branchlets divaricate, spinescent. Sepals leafy . . . EN = —Ó
No thorns, Sepals usually small . . . . «s s + + + 31, B. carul a
Leaves or leaflets narrow-linear or subulate. Appendage of the
"Zeene long and broad.
owers pedicellate. G
Annual. Leaves all SEN oa woe pone. E e i zeg
Undershrub or shrub. Leaves mostly compound xe c Ee 3 ageet
Flowers sessile, or nearly so. Leaves simple, linear-terete . . 39. B. subsessilis.
Series V, Variabiles.— Petals imbricate. Anthersnearly uniform. Leaves aw or Me
liolate, or the terminal leaflet or all three again3-foliolate. Flowersaxillary,red or pink,
Terminal leaflets or all three dentate, or again 3- or 5-foliolate. anemonifoli.
Erect or spreading shrub. Peduncles usually 3- to 5-flowered 85. B. n
Leaves mostly 3-foliolate.
eo petiole distinct. ` Naik etres
flets flat, linear oblong or obovate. nthers api "45
Pedicels ]-flowered . .. . . 84, B. polygalifolia.

-Leaflets linear-terete, mucronate. : Anthers not apiculate... Eos
Pedicels 1- to 3-flowered . . e : ^ ; ; PA dece 36. B.falcifolia.
Üets sessile. Flowers minute. Appendage o a gm
broad, ciliate. . Wigs GEO Np aa

19. B. heterophylla.
20. B. elatior.

21. B. tetrandra.

Leaves all simple.

Leaves flat.
Leaves obovate or broadly cuneate, often dentienlate . . . 42. B. crenulata,

310 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. [ Boronia.

-Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, or the lower ones rarely
cuneate. ofi:
Low undershrub. Flowers all axillary. Sepals short . 34. B. polygalifolia.
Virgate shrub. Flowers all axillary. Sepals lanceolate- : :
subelate,elongeted . . . . . . . + + . + + B8. B. crassipes.
Small branching shrub. Flowers many of them terminal. 46. B. viminea,
Leaves linear-terete. :
Flowers all axillary. Appendage of the anthers large . . . 39. B. subsessilis.
Flowers many of them terminal. Anthers minutely or not at
all apiculate. . . . S 2... Al. B. nematophylla.

Series VI. Terminales.—Petals imbricate. Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves all
simple (except in B. filifolia, inornata, and oxyantha). Flowers mostly or all terminal,
sessile or on short \-flowered peduncles.

Terminal flowers sessile, capitate.

Leaves linear-terete.

Branches hirsute. Leaves very obtuse e+ + « « n 40, B. capitata.
Glabrous. Leaves mucronate or acute . . . . e . . 4l. B. nematophylla.

Leaves obovate or spathulate, often crenulate . . . « . 49. B. crenulata.

Leaves rhomboidal, serrulate . . . . . . . . . . . 49. B. serrulata.

Terminal flowers solitary, or rarely 2 or 3, sessile or shortly pedi-
cellate.

Leaves obovate-orbicular,coriaceous . . . . . . . . . 44. B. rhomboidea.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, rarely oblong-cuneate, flat.
Small undershrub. Filaments nearly glabrous. Anthers not
ME npe o dc uec gU MM . 45. B. parviflora.
Slender shrub. Filaments woolly, Anthers apiculate . 406. B. viminea.

Leaves or leaflets linear-terete.
Leaves simple, or leaflets 3 on a distinct petiole. Pedicels
slender . . AT. B. filifolia.

Leaflets mostly 3 or 5, small, clustered on a very short
common petiole.
Sepals broad, short. Petals slightly pointed . . . . . 48. B. inornata.
Sepals lanceolate-subulate. Petals mucronate . . . . 49. B. owyantha.

Series VII. Pedunculatee.—Petals imbricate, Anthers nearly uniform. Leaves all
simple. Peduncles terminal, several-flowered, or very rarely \-flowered.
Leaves (usually numerous) small, sessile or nearly so, with revolute
margins.
Leaves linear or oblong.
Ronghly pubescent or hirsute. Peduncles slightly exceeding
the last leaves. Sepals subulate-acuminate . . . . . 50. B. scabra.
Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Peduncles much longer than
_ the last leaves. Sepals broad, short. . . . . . . . 51. B. thymifolia.
_ Leaves ovate-cordate. Peduncleslong . . . . . . . . 52. B. ovata.
Leaves flat, usually thick, glabrous, contracted at the base.
Leaves small, obovate or oblong, mostly denticulate. Mamm
umbel-like. Peduncles short. Pedicels long. Sepals large 53. B. fastiguata.
Leaves elongated, mostly denticulate. Cymes shortly peduneu-
late, loose. Sepalssmall. . . . . . . . . =. . Bé B.denliculata.
Leaves entire, thick ; lower ones spathulate ; upper ones narrow
or linear, distant. Flowers large, few, or in a loose dichoto-

mous panicle . ... . TY eo. « 55. B. spathulata.
Leaves linear-terete. =

Leaves few, thick, and small. Sepals lanceolate-subulate, nearly

as Jong es thé shall petale V S V. . Vu
Leaves numerous. Cymes many-flowered, on long peduncles.
Branches slender, divaricate. Leaves slender. Peduncles short,

medplfüowem . ... . 23. AT. B. filifolia.

H D D D

Ld . D D

56. B. juncea.
57. B. cymosa.

—— =

Boronia. | XXVIII. RUTACEX, 311

SERIES I. Vatvats.—Petals valvate.

l. B. grandisepala, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 66. A shrub with tomen-
tose branches. Leaves simple, nearly sessile, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to
1} in. long, softly hoary-tomentose on both sides, the edges flat, the midrib
very prominent underneath. Pedicels axillary, solitary, short, 1-flowered.
Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, tomentose, valvate, attaining 5 or 6 lines.
Petals valvate and tomentose like the sepals, but smaller, and enclosed in
them in the bud. Filaments slightly hirsute, clavate and glandular at the
top. Anthers scarcely apiculate. Ovary pubescent.

N. Australia. M'Adam range, F. Mueller.

2. B. artemisizefolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 66. A shrub, clothed all
over with a soft hoary close or velvety tomentum. Leaves all or nearly all
pinnate. Leaflets 7 to 11 or more, crowded on a short common petiole,
linear, obtuse, rarely exceeding 4 in. and often much shorter, the margins
closely revolute. Peduncles axillary, solitary, short, 1-flowered. Sepals lan-
ceolate, tomentose, valvate, attaining 3 to 4 lines. Petals lanceolate, valvate
and tomentose like the sepals, but smaller and enclosed in them in the bud,
Filaments slightly hirsute, clavate and glandular at the top. Anthers scarcely
apiculate. Ovary pubescent. Seeds smooth but scarcely shining.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; M‘Adam, Fitzroy, and
Sea ranges, F. Mueller.

Var. Wilsoni, F. Muell. Branches more villous. Leaflets short, oblong, and less

crowded, — N.W. coast, Bynoe; Vansittart’s Bay, A. Cunningham ; Victoria river,
tlson. ;

F. Mueller, Fragm. ii. 179, refers this species as a variety to B. grandisepala, and. some
of R. Brown’s specimens have some of the leaves undivided ; yet I have seen no approach to
the large flowers of B. grandisepala, aud I retain the two as distinct until really intermediate
Specimens shall have been observed. 2

3. B. affinis, R. Br. Herd. A shrub, with numerous slender divaricate
branches, pubescent when young, at length glabrous. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets
7 to 15, linear, obtuse, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, the margins revolute, pubes-
cent when young, glabrous at least above when full-grown, the pairs distant.
Pedicels very short, axillary, 1-flowered. Sepals broadly lanceolate, subulate-
acuminate, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, slightly pubescent, very thin but appa-
rently valvate. Petals similar to the sepals, and about the same length, but
narrower, yalvate. Filaments clavate, and glandular at the top. Anthers
scarcely apiculate. Seeds smooth, but scarcely shining.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and mainland opposite Groote
Eyland, R. Brown. (Hb. R. Br.)

4. B. filicifolia, 4. Cunn. Herb. Branches rather slender, tomentose-
pubescent or villous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 12 to 20 pairs, with a
terminal odd one, ovate or oblong, 1 to 2 lines long, pubescent, the margins
slightly recurved. Peduncles axillary, slender, often $ in. long, bearing a
single small flower. Sepals lanceolate-valvate, tomentose, attaining about

lines. Petals lanceolate, valvate and tomentose, like the sepals, and of the
same size. Filaments clavate and glandular upwards. Anthers shortly
apiculate. Style pubescent.

N. Australia. York and M ontague sounds, NW. coast, A. Cunningham.

312 XXVIII. RUTACEX. [ Boronia.

5. B. alata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 283. A shrub, usually quite
glabrous and somewhat glaucous, but occasionally sprinkled with a slight
pubescence, especially on the under side of the leaves. Branches angular.
Leaves pinnate; leaflets usually 7, 9, or 11, obovate or broadly oblong, often
2 in. long, very obtuse, entire or crenate. Flowers large, in terminal cymes
not exceeding the last leaves. Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals attaining
5 lines, acute, valvate in the bud, glabrous outside without prominent mid-
ribs, minutely tomentose with a ciliate midrib inside, the young buds very
angular. Filaments ciliate, obtuse and glandular at the top. Anthers
minutely apiculate. Ovary pubescent. Seeds opaque but smooth.—Sweet,
Fl. Austral. t. 48; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 169; Zanthoaylum oppositifolium,
DC. Prod. i. 728. :

W. Australia. King Georges Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, and others; Champion
Bay, Bowen; Bald Island and Harvey river, Oldfield; Mount Manypeak, Maxwell ;

Rocky Bay and Rottenest Island, Preiss, ». 2012 (Bartling). 1 have uot myself seen
Preiss’s specimens.

D

6. B. algida, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 100. A glabrous
stunted shrub, with numerous dichotomous or divaricate branches. Leaves
pinnate, with a very short common petiole ; leaflets usually 5, the lowest pair
close to the stem, obovate, rarely 2 lines long, thick and rigid. Flowers soli-
tary at the ends of the branches or in the forks, on very short pedicels. Sepals
small, acute. Petals ovate-lanceolate, valvate, attaining nearly 3 lines. Fila-
ments glabrous or nearly so, thickened and glandular upwards ; anthers
minutely apiculated. Stigma globular.

N. S. Wales. Upper Clarence river, also Mounts Latrobe, Hotham, and Kosciusko,
F. Mueller,

7. B. Edwardsii, Benth. A dichotomous shrub, nearly allied to B,
algida, and possibly a variety. Branches pubescent. Leaflets 3, almost
sessile, obovate or oblong, obtuse, attaining sometimes 3 lines, glabrous
or slightly pubescent, pale underneath. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together,
terminal or in the forks of the branches, on distinct slender pedicels. Petals
valvate. Filaments glabrous. Anthers tipped with recurved points or appen-
dages. Stigma globular.

vr SE Mount Barker, Edwards. Ihave seen only a single small specimen.

_ 8. B. calophy: Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 160. A glabrous,
rigid, much-branched shrub. Leaves 3-foliolate or rarely simple, the common
petiole exceedingly short; leaflets sessile, obovate, very obtuse, 2 or rarely
nearly 3 lines long, glabrous, thick and rigid, Flowers ‘rather large, hoary-
tomentose, on 1-flowered peduncles, longer than the leaves, hoary-tomentose
as well as the branchlets, Sepals small, ovate. Petals attaining 3 lines or
rather more, valvate in the bud, with the midrib prominent outside. Fila-
ments slightly ciliate, obtuse and glandular at the top; anthers minutely
apiculate. Ovules almost collateral. Cocci glabrous. Seeds smooth but opaque.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 205.

9? B. ternata, Dud, Nov. Stirp. Dec. 6. Branches rigid, with a minute
ashy pubescence. Leaflets 3, sessile, obovate, very obtuse, not above 2 lines

Boronia. } XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. 313

long, densely hoary-tomentose on both sides. ` Pedicels axillary, solitary,
scarcely + line long. Sepals tomentose, ovate, acute, about 1 line long.
Petals twice as long as the calyx, pale pink, tomentose-pubescent. Filaments
dilated upwards; anthers apiculate. Cocci stellate-tomentose.

W. Australia. In the interior, Roe. I have not seen this plant; the sstivation of
the petals is not described; if it be valvate, the species must be closely allied to C. calo-
phylla, differing chiefly in the tomentose leaves and almost sessile flowers.

10. B. ericifolia, Benth. An erect, branching, heath-like shrub, the
young branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves 3-foliate or simple ; leaflets sessile,
linear with the margins closely revolute so as to be almost terete, obtuse, 3
or 4 lines long, glabrous. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, hoary-tomentose.
Sepals lanceolate, valvate. Petals about twice as long, attaining 3 lines or
rather more, valvate, with the midrib prominent outside. Filaments glabrous,
glandular and obtuse at the top; anthers with a minute recurved appendage.
Style glabrous, with a more or less capitate stigma. Cocci rather large. Seeds
Opaque, but not seen quite ripe.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 46.

ll. B. inconspicua, Benth., A glabrous, rigid shrub. Leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets 3, 5, or 7, linear, very obtuse, rarely 3. in long, thick and rigid,
the pairs distant, the rhachis thick and somewhat dilated between the leaflets.
Peduncles axillary, short, bearing single, minute, glabrous flowers. Sepals
rather thin, ovate, obtuse. Petals 2 or 3 times as long, in our specimens
not exceeding 1 line, but perhaps not fully developed, valvate, somew hat
concave, slightly inflexed at the tip. Filaments flattened, ciliate, not thick-
ened at the top; anthers all very small, not apiculate. Ovary glabrous.
Style very small, with a rather large globular stigma. Cocci about 2 lines
long, glabrous. Seeds opaque, glandular-tuberculate.

w. Australia, Drummond, n. 212. The immediate affinities of this species are not
Very clear. Tt is in some respects nearer to some of the Pinnate than to the Valvate
generally, but as far as our specimens go I cannot trace any immediate connection with any
Species of either group.

12. B. eriantha, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 298. A glabrous
shrub, the branches angular, Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 9, obovate or
oblong-cuneate, obtuse or with a recurved point, rarely above 3 lines long,
rather thick, and often folded upwards lengthwise, the margins never recurved.
Peduncles axillary, short, 1- or rarely 2-flowered. Sepals ovate, acute, gla-
brous outside, minutely tomentose inside. Petals more than twice as long,
attaining 3 or 4 lines, rather narrow, valvate, hoary-tomentose outside, with
à prominent midrib. Filaments usually ciliate; anthers apiculate.

Queensland, Bidwill; near Mount Pluto, Mitchell. With the aspect of 5. micro-
Phylla this has the floral characters of B. ledifolia, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite
it, but besides a totally different habit, the leaflets are thick, equally green on both sides,
with the margins flat or folded upwards, not recurved with a pale or hoary-tomentose under-
Surface as in B, ledifolia. |

13. B. alulata, Soland. in Herb. Banks. Apparently a divaricate or diffuse
shrub, the young branches glandular-tomentose. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7
to 13 or evin more, oblong or linear, rarely almost ovate, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines
long, the margins revolute, glabrous above when full-grown, hoary-tomentose

314 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Boronia.

underneath. ‘Peduncles very short, axillary, 1-flowered. Sepals lanceolate,
subulate-acuminate, from 4 to nearly as long as the petals. Petals about
8 lines long, mucronate, valvate in the bud but rather broad, glabrous outside
with a prominent midrib, slightly tomentose inside. Filaments clavate and
glandular upwards.

Queensland. Endeavour river, Banks and Solander, R. Brown. (Hb. Brit. Mus.
and R. Br.)

^ 14. B. ledifolia, J. Gay; DO. Prod. i. 199. An erect “shrub, the

` young branches glandular-tomentose. Leaves simple, 3-foliolate, or rarely
pinnately 5- or even 7-foliolate ; leaflets linear, oblong-linear, lanceolate or
rarely broadly oblong, when single often above 1 in. long, when several
rarely above-3 in. the margins recurved or revolute, glabrous above when
full-grown, hoary or rusty underneath with a minute tomentum. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Sepals broad, obtuse but val-
vate. Petals twice as long*or more, attaining 4 or 5 lines, valvate in the
bud, minutely tomentose outside, with a prominent midrib. Filaments short,
as in several allied species, slightly ciliate or glabrous, clavate and glandular
upwards ; anthers more or less apiculate. Ovules usually, as in some allied
species, almost or quite collateral. Style clavate, with a slightly furrowed
stigma. Seeds smooth but not shining.—Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 74 ; Lasio-
petalum ledifolium, Vent. Jard. Malm. under n. 59; Hriostemon paradoxum,
Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xiii.; Boronia (?) paradoxa, DC. Prod. i. 722.

Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller; Moreton Bay and islands, A. Cunningham,
Fraser, ete.

and F7. Mixt. n. 531 and 534, and others. ge

Var. rosmarinifolia. Leaves rigid, usually narrow, small, and all simple. Peduncles

very short.—B. rosmarinifolia, A. Cunn, in Hues. Enum. 16. To this form belong espe-
cially most of the Moreton Bay specimens.

> Var. (P) ¢riphylia. Leaves mostly or all 3-foliolate, or the lower ones pinnate.— 2. triphylla,
^ Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post, 148; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 73; apparently as common
about Port Jackson as the large simple-leaved form. A subvariety, with broader leaflets, is
figured Bot. Reg. 1841, t, 47, and Daat, Mag. viii. 123. :

Var. (?) rubiginosa. Leaflets 3 or 5, still broader, almost obovate. Peduncles, according
to Endlicher, 3-flowered, but 1-flowered in our specimens.—B. rubiginosa, A. Cunn. Herb.,
Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16; Hunter’s River, 4. Cunningham.

B. ledifolia is enumerated also (Pl. Preiss. ii. 226) amongst W. Australian plants, a very
unlikely station. I have not seen Preiss’s specimen n. 2644, nor any western species
TECUM the e ead E UM therefore have no clue to the plant m ae

; Mueller, presuming like myself that it cannot be Gay’s plant, proposes (Fragm. i. 6
E name of B. Zedophylla ; but without seeing specimens it is impossible to charac-

15. B. lanceolata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 66. A tall shrub with tomen-
tose branches. Leaves simple, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or mu-
cronulate, 1 to 2 in. long, flat or the margins recurved, glabrous above, tomen-
tose underneath. Peduncles very short, bearing an umbel of 3 to 5 small
flowers, rarely reduced to a single flower. Sepals small, ovate, with a subu-
late point, sometimes very short, sometimes nearly as long as the petals.
Petals broad, attaining about 2 lines in length, valvate in the bud, tomentose
outside with a prominent midrib. Filaments glabrous, thickened and glan-

Boronia.) XXVIH. RUTACER. 315

dular at the top ; anthers scarcely apiculate. Cocci glabrous. Seeds smooth
but not shining. .

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R, Brown; Port Essington, Arm-
strong, Leichhardt. Stony places in Arnhem’s Land and Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

16. B. Fraseri, Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4052. A shrub of 3 or 4 ft., the
branches glabrous, angular or compressed, Leaves pinnate; leaflets 8 or 5,
m distant pairs, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, the terminal one usually 1 to
1j in. long, the others smaller, all glabrous but pale underneath. Peduncles
axillary, short, bearing an umbel of 3 to 6 flowers. Sepals very small.
Petals attaining fully 3 lines, valvate, hoary outside, with a prominent midrib.
Filaments glabrous, much thickened and glandular at the top ; anthers mi-
nutely apiculate. Disk very thick. Stigma capitate but small.—B. anemo-
nifolia, Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 123, with a fig., not A. Cunn.

N.S. Wales. Ravines on the Nepean river, Fraser.

17. B. mollis, 4. Cunn.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, under t.47. A shrub,
with the habit of B. Fraseri, but the branches*and petioles densely and
softly hirsute. Leaflets usually 3 or 5, in distant pairs, the terminal one
oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 13 in. long, the others much shorter and
broader in proportion, all glabrous or nearly so above, tomentose-pubescent
or villous underneath. Peduncles axillary, very short, bearing an umbel of
sevéral flowers larger than those of B, Fraseri. Sepals linear. Petals ovate-
acuminate, attaining 5 or 6 lines, valvate. Stamens and style of B. Fraseri.

N. S. Wales. Nepean river, 4. Cunningham ; near Sydney, Lyall.

Series IT. Hereranpra.—Sepaline anthers usually different from the
petaline ones, and often imperfect.

18; B. megastigma, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227. A shrub, with erect
virgate branches, glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets 3 or rarely 5, sessile or
with a very short common petiole, linear, obtuse, rarely à in. long, rather
thiek and rigid, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, the pedicel much
thickened under the flower. Sepals short, broad, obtuse. Petals attaining
about 3 lines, broad and much imbricate, of a dark purple outside, drying
almost black, yellowish inside. Filaments glabrous, rather attenuate and
incurved at the top, the 4 longer ones opposite the sepals with large purple
anthers, the 4 smaller opposite the petals with small yellow anthers close
under the stigma. Stigma purple, very broad and thick, truncate at the top,
expanded laterally into 4 thick prominent lobes.—F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 97;

- tristis, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 162. ; :

W. Australia. Ki ’s Sound and neighbouring districts, Mine, Preiss, n.
1232; Drummond, id ges 201, een aa M. this xe the two following species
the large purple or black anthers are said to be barren, and the pollen perfect ouly in the
Very small yellow petaline anthers, a point I am unable to ascertain positively from dried
Specimens,

19. B. heteroph: F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 98. A tall glabrous shrub,
with numerous pet b wa iae din simple and linear, 1 to
2 i. long, or pinnate, with 3 or 5 linear leaflets on an elongated common
petiole. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, slender below the bracts, thickened

316 XXVIII. RUTACER, { Boronia.

under the flower. Sepals very short and orbicular. Petals attaining about
4 lines, broad and imbricate, glabrous outside, pubescent inside, apparently
pink. Filaments glabrous, the larger ones opposite the sepals, thickened and
much ineurved at the top, with large ovoid black anthers, the smaller ones
with small yellow anthers. Ovary ciliate-hirsute, with a thick conical decidu-
ous style. Cocci pubescent. Seeds smooth and shining.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 117. Tu places sometimes inundated, on the Kalgee
river, Marwell. j

20. B. elatior, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss, i. 170. Apparently a tall shrub,
the branches hirsute with long spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5
to 13 or more, linear, flat, rather rigid, often 4 in. long or even more, gla-
brous or hirsute, the pairs rather distant with the rhachis often dilated between
them. Peduncles axillary, often as long as the common petiole. Sepals
broad, mucronate, usually ciliate and often coloured. Petals attaining 3 to 4
lines, usually mucronate, glabrous or slightly pubescent, much imbricate. Fila-
ments slightly ciliate, 4 opposite the sepals, thick, attenuate at the top, with
large black anthers, 4 opposite the petals incurved at the top, with minute
yellowish anthers close under the stigma. Ovary hirsute with a very large
glabrous, thick, obtusely pyramidal stigma, 4-lobed at the base. Seeds
smooth and shining. —B. semifertilis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 98.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 36, 43, and 118. King George's Sound, R. Brown;
Darling Range, Preiss, n. 2013; Wilson's Inlet, Oldfield ; Franklin river, Maxwell. —

B. psoraleoides, DC. Prod. i. 721, from the S. coast, is unknown to me; it is described
as having pinnate leaves, with 3 or 5 linear obtuse leaflets, glabrous and glandular-dotted
as well as the branches; peduncles short, 1-flowered ; flowers small, pale, tetrandrous. It
would therefore rank among the Heterandre, which however have usually rather large flowers.

21, B. tetrandra, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 98, 4. 125. An erect
mueh-branched shrub, the branches more or less hirsute with spreading hairs.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually 7 to 18, linear, obtuse, the largest rarely
above 4 lines long, the upper ones of each leaf usually gradually shorter, all
flat or the margins slightly recurved, glabrous or slightly hirsute, the pairs
rather distant. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, very short. Sepals broadly
ovate, Petals attaining 3 or 4 lines, glabrous, imbricate. Filaments slightly
ciliate, 4 opposite the petals short, thick, with perfect anthers, shortly apicu-
late, 4 opposite the sepals longer and more slender, inflected at the top, with
minute apparently imperfect anthers. Disk with 4 lobes inside the sepaline
_ stamens, almost as in Zieria. Ovary small, glabrous ; stigma very large an

thick, truncate at the top with 4 very prominent almost winged lateral
lobes.—B., bicolor, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 163.

W. A
ede E small flowers, which I have been unable to examine, e

e . ion,
htt thet ana spa he = te ung respect, as well as with his figure and descripti

22. B. crassifolia, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 169. A dwarf much-
branched shrub or undershrub, not exceeding 8 in. in any of our specimens,
glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3, 5, or 7, on à
short common petiole, linear-cuneate or oblong-linear, very obtuse, rarely 4 in.
long and often much smaller, rather thick and coriaceous. Peduncles axil-

ia, Drummond, 5th Coll. ». 900. Cape Leeuwin, Labillardiére. Lekt, |

NIST REE Ee ae OE

Boronia. | XXVIII, RUTACEJ. 317

lary, 1- or rarely 2-flowered, short, and often recurved. Sepals ovate, mi-
nutely pubescent. Petals attaining 3 lines, imbricate and nearly glabrous.
Filaments 4 opposite the sepals, thick, attenuate at the top, with perfect
shortly apiculate anthers, 4 opposite the petals shorter, clavate, glandular,
with anthers usually minute and less perfect. Ovary minutely pubescent.
Stigma very large and thick, broadly conical and peltate.—.B. humilis, Turez.
in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 160.

- Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 199, and Coll. 1843, n. 59; Bynoe, Preiss,
n. 2033.

B. multicaulis, Turcz. iu Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 160, appears to refer to some unnumbered
specimens in Drummond's 5th Coll., agreeing in every respect with B. crassifolia, except
that the anthers of the sepaline stamens are more perfect, and the stigma is reduced to 4
glabrous radiating lobes, closely adnate on a pubescent surface, not distinguishable from the
apparently imperfect ovary. I have seen but few flowers of this form, but believe the differ-
ences from B. crassifolia to be rather sexual than specific.

Serres III. PrNNATJE.—Anthers uniform. Leaves pinnate. Peduncles
axillary,

23. B. albiflora, R. Br. Herb. A dwarf, much-branched, erect under-
shrub or shrub, hirsute with short spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets
7 to 11, crowded on a short common petiole, oblong-linear, slightly cuneate,

Very obtuse, rather coriaceous, the margins often recurved, the lowest of each

leaf often 4 or 5 lines long, the others gradually smaller. Flowers small,

axillary, nearly sessile. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, ciliate. Petals attaining

about 23 to 3 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments glabrous, clavate and
glandular at the top. Anthers all perfect, distinctly apiculate. Ovary pubes-
cent. Style conical with a small stigma. Cocci pubescent or glabrous.
Seeds smooth.

W. Australia. South coast, R. Brown; King George's Sound, Barter; Garden
Range, hills N. of Stirling range, and Cheynye Beach, Maxwell.

Some specimens of this plant, with fewer and less crowded leaflets, have the aspect of B.
crassifolia, but the larger filaments are not attenuate at the top, the anthers more distinctly
apiculate, and the style quite different.

24. B. lanuginosa, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16. Stems erect, simple or
with erect virgate EE 1 to 2 ft. high, hirsute with spreading hairs, hard
and woody at the base. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely more,
linear-terete or slightly flattened and cuneate, mostly acute, rarely 3 in. long,
glabrous or hirsute, somewhat crowded on a rather short common petiole.
Peduncles axillary, short, or the flowers almost sessile. Sepals usually lanceo-
laté-subulate, more than half as long as the petals. Petals attaining nearly

hes, mucronate, imbricate, slightly pubescent, deeply coloured in the
centre. Filaments glabrous or ciliate, the longer ones especially thickened
and glandular at the top; anthers all perfect, shortly apiculate. Stigma
Small B, stricta, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 169. :
WwW. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845, n. 0: King George's Sound and neighbouring

districts, R. Brown; Preiss, n. 2034; Maxwell. I have not seen specimens named by
Endlicher, but this is the only species of R. Brown’s (with whom F. Bauer collected) which
answers to the short diagnosis given. : :

ar. (?) brevicalyx, Sepals very small, without the long point of the common form.—

ips River, Herb. Mueller.

318 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. [ Boronia.

B. pubescens, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227; from W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2643, is un-
known to me, but from the description given it would appear to be a small-flowered variety
of B. lanuginosa. o

25. B. pulchella, Turcz. i» Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 162. An erect
branching shrub, perfectly glabrous, or the youug branches minutely pubes-
cent or shortly hirsute. Leaves pinnate; leaflets usually 7 to 11, linear,
rather obtuse, rarely above 4 lines long, rather rigid, flat or the margms
slightly recurved, the pairs not crowded, the rhachis often dilated, Flowers
large, of a rich pink, on axillary peduncles usually shorter than the leaves
and rather thickened under the flowers. Sepals short, broad and acute.
Petals attaining 3 to 4 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments glabrous, capi-
tate and glandular at the top; anthers scarcely apiculate. Ovary slightly
hirsute. Stigma capitate, rather large. Cocci glabrous. Seeds smooth,
opaque, but not seen quite ripe.—. Drummondii, Planch. in Fl. des Serres,
ix. 65, t. 881; B. tetrandra, Lindl. and Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. 35, t. 8, not Labill. ;
and perhaps also Paxt. Mag. xvi. 227.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 13; 5th Coll. n. 202; S.W. interior, Maxwell.

26. B. gracilipes, F.- Muell. Fragm. ii. 99. ` An erect shrub, the
branches pubescent or hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves pinnate; leaf-
Jets usually 5 or 7, rarely 9,oblong-linear or lanceolate, rarely exceeding 4
lines, the margins entire, or when broad often dentieulate, flat or slightly re-
curved. Peduncles slender, axillary, 1-flowered, often as long as the leaves
and scarcely thickened under the flower. Sepals broad, short and acute.
Petals attaining about 3 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments ciliate, capi-
tate and glandular at the top; anthers minutely apiculate. Ovary pubescent.
Stigma ovoid-capitate, rather large, almost sessile.

VV. Australia. Franklin and Mount Manypeak rivers, Plantagenet and Stirling

ranges, Herb. Mueller. This may prove to be a variety of B. pulchella, but, as far as our

specimens go, the hirsute branches, broader leaflets, and slender pedicels appear to be
constant.

7 91. B. microphylla, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148. A low

stunted shrub, glabrous but often very glandular. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5
to 11, obovate or oblong-cuneate, obtuse or acute, rarely above 3 lines long,
and usually about 2 lines, thick and rigid. Peduncles in the upper axils
l- to 3-flowered. Flowers of B. pinnata, or rather smaller, the anthers often
conspicuously apiculate. Stigma slightly enlarged. Seeds in our specimens
shining and reticulate.—Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 72.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Sieber, n. 302; A. . Cunningham ; Para-
matta and Upper Clarence river, Herb, Ko A aE aT doubtful, the

specimen being very incomplete. F. Mueller unites this species with B. pinnata ; but, as
far as I have seen, the difference in foliage appears constant,

7 28. B. pinnata, Sm. Tracts, 290, t. 4. A glabrous shrub, attaining
^ several feet, but sometimes dwarf or diffuse, the small branches more or less
angular. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely more, linear or oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute, rigid, the pairs rather distant and the common petiole often
dilated between them. Flowers rather large, usually 3 or more together, m
loose axillary or subterminal corymbose eymes. Sepals small, acute. Petals
attaining 3 to 5 lines, imbricate, glabrous or minutely. tomentose inside,

M ——M—M vn

Boronia.] XXVIII. RUTACEJE. 319

usually mucronate. Filaments woolly-hairy, especially towards the thickened
summit; anthers very minutely or not at all apiculate. Style short. Seeds
smooth and shining.—DC. Prod. i. 721; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 58 ; Vent. Jard.
Malm. t. 38; Bot. Mag. t. 1763; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 115 ; B. floribunda,
Sieb. in Spreng. Syst, Cur. Post. 148; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 71.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 300, 301,
and #7. Mixt. n. 533, and others. These specimens appear to be sexually dimorphous. In

some I find the stamens densely woolly, the anthers small, 4 of them perhaps imperfect, and

the very short style bearing ajhick globular stigma as large as or larger than the ovary. In

other specimens the filaments are shorter and not quite so Woolly, the anthers larger and

More perfect, the style cylindrical, with the stigma scarcely thickened.

` Var. Muelleri. Leaflets in distant pairs. Flowers nearly as large as in the Port Jackson

Specimens, but the filaments much less hairy, the anthers not at all apiculate, and I am un-

able to detect any dimorphism ; the stigma minute or slightly capitate.

Victoria. Sources of the Bunyip river, in the Grampians, near Portland Bay, and to-
wards the mouth of the Glenelg, F. Mueller,

Var. Gunnii. Leaflets more crowded, but the lowest pair always distant from the stem.
Flowers smaller than in the Port Jackson plant, with the filaments much less hairy, and the.
anthers and style (as far as I have been able to ascertain) homomorphous, as in the var.
Muelleri.— B. tetrandra, var. grandiflora, Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 419; not Labill.; B.
Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 68, t. 10.

Tasmania. Near Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; S. Esk river, near Launceston, Gunn,

B. citriodora, Gunn, in Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 68, common in alpine situations in Tas-
mania (J. D, Hooker, Gunn) ; is generally of smaller stature, with the leaflets often reduced
to 3; but it is often not distinguishable from the var. Gunnii in the dried state, when the pe-

jar lemon-scent, which it is said to be so easily known by, has entirely disappeared.

?9. B. pilosa, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 97, t. 124. A shrub, very
nearly allied to B. pinnata, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite it, and
perhaps with reason, but the aspect is different. Branches almost always
more or less pubescent. Leaflets crowded on a short common petiole, the
lowest pair close to the stem, usually narrower and more obtuse than in B.
Punata. Cymes compact, 3- or rarely 5-flowered and often reduced to single

Owers, which are generally smaller than in B. pinnata. Filaments ciliate
rather than woolly ; anthers not at all apiculate. Stigma slightly enlarged,

: never large and globular, nor yet very minute.—DC. Prod. i. 721 ; Hook. f.

l. Tasm. i. 67. :
Victoria. In the Grampians, Wilhelmi; Portland Bay and mouth of the Glenelg
Robertson.

Tasmania,R . Brown; abundant throughont the colony, J. D. Hooker. In a very
few Tasmanian specimens the leaflets are not quite so crowded, but their narrow form and

the pubescent branches are those of B. pilosa.

. SERIES IV, CvANzJE.— Flowers usually blue or bluish. Foliage of the
FVariabiles, ;
30. B. spinescens, Benth. A glabrous undershrub with erect or as-
cending ge stems of 1 to 1i ft., the lower branchlets often. converted into
lvaricate leafless thorns of 1 to 2 in. Leaves nearly sessile, simple, entire or
3-lobed, either ovate or lanceolate and scarcely 2 lines or rarely almost linear
and 3 or 4 lines long. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, 2 or 3 lines long.
Sepals leafy, obtuse, often fully 2 lines long. Petals not twice as long, ae
parently bluish. *Filaments slightly dilated at the base, ciliate, terete an

320 XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. (.Boronia.

glandular upwards, attenuate at the top. Appendage of the anthers much
shorter than the cells and not so broad as in the other blue species.
W. Australia, Drummond, n. 78.

31. B. czerulescens, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 11, and
Pl. Vict.i. 117. An undershrub of a pale green, glabrous or minutely pu-
bescent. Leaves simple, sessile, linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, rarely attam-
ing 4 in., and often only 2 or 3 lines long, rather thick, often tuberculate
underneath. Pedicels 1-flowered, mostly axillary, 1 to 2 or 3 lines long.
Sepals ovate. Petals twice or thrice as long as the*sepals, attaining 3 to 4
lines, imbricate, glabrous, or pubescent outside along the centre. Filaments
ciliate, not clavate ; anthers with a short broad obtuse recurved appendage.
Stigma capitate. Seeds reticulate.

Victoria. Desert of the Murray and its lower tributaries, and sterile plains at the foot
of the Grampians, F. Mueller.
S. Australia.

Sandy coast of Guichen Bay and Cape Jaffa, St. Vincent’s and Spen-
cer's Gulf, F. Mueller and others.

W, Australia. Salt river, S. Hutt river, and Chapman river to E. Mount Barren,
Herb. Mueller.

32. B. tenuis, Benth. Apparently annual, quite glabrous, with slender
ascending or erect branches 3 to 14 ft. high. Leaves simple, slender, linear-
terete, acute or obtuse, mostly 3 to 1 in. long. Flowers blue, on axillary
pedicels of 1 to 4 or 5 lines. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, with white membra-
nous margins. Petals about twice as long as the sepals, attaining 3 lines or
rarely more, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments flat, ciliate, narrowed at the
top; anthers with broad recurved appendages, nearly as long as the cells.
Cocci glabrous. Seeds reticulate, striate. — Cyanothamnus tenuis, Lindl. Swan
Riv. App. 18.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. ; Ballgarup ranges W. of Kojo-
nerup, Herb. Mueller,

33. B. ramosa, Benth. An erect or diffuse heath-like glabrous shrub.
Leaves once or twice ternately compound ; leaflets linear-terete, usually not
thicker than the common petiole, 4 to 1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 2 to 4
or 5 lines long, bearing a single blue flower. Sepals broad and short.
Petals varying from about 2 to above 3 lines long, imbricate, glabrous. Fila-
ments broad, flat and ciliate at the base, terete, obtuse, and glandular at the
top. Appendage of the anthers very broad and obtuse, usually longer than
the cells. Stigma in some specimens capitate, in others small and 4-lobed.
— Cyanothamnus ramosus, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 18.

: W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., also n. 84 and 180; Murchison
river, Oldfield.

Var. anethifolia. Leaves mostly 3-foliolate. Flowers smaller than in the original form,
not so blue, at least in the dried state, with much smaller appendages to the anthers. Cy-
anothamnus anethifolius, Bartl. in PI. Preiss. i. 179.— Boronia subcarulea, F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 100. Swan River, Drummond ; Canning river, Preiss, n. 2035 ; Murchison
river, Oldfield ; Champion Bay, Walcott,

Serres V. VARIABILES.—Anthers uniform. Leaves simple or ternately
compound. Flowers axillary, not blue.

? 34. B. polygalifolia, Sm. Tracts, 297, t. 7. Usually a low glabrous

Boronia. | XXVIII. RUTACE.E. 321

undershrub with a thick rhizome as in B. parviflora, or a small shrub, rarely
stouter and 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves either simple with lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate acute leaflets, mostly under 3 in., but sometimes nearly 1 in. long,
or 3-foliolate with small acute leaflets, ou a short common petiole. Pedicels
axillary, solitary, and 1-flowered. Sepals short. Petals 2 or 3 times as long,
imbricate, pink, and glabrous. Filaments hairy and glandular towards the
top. Anthers conspicuously apiculate, the appendage erect or recurved.
Seeds opaque and usually minutely tuberculate.— DC. Prod. i. 722 ; F. Muell.
PL Vict. i. 114; B. Ayssopifolia, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 148;
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 66; B. tetrathecoides, DC. Prod. 1. 722 ; Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. i. 277.

Queensland. Stradbrooke Island, Fraser.

N.S. Wales. Port Jaekson, R. Brown, Sieber, m. 296, and others; northward to -
Hastings and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Not rare, as well in swamps and alpine localities as in dry forest-land or on
stony ridges, F. Mueller,

asmania. Abundant throughout the colony, J. D. Hooker. ,
uS Australia. Stringybark Forest, between Mount Lofty and the Onkaparinga, F.
ueller,

Var, ¢rifoliolata. Stems short. glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate, with linear leaflets.— B.
nana, Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 270.—In Victoria and Tasmania. In some of the Victorian speci-
mens, simple and trifoliolate leaves occur on different branches of the same plant.

Var. robusta. Leaves 3-foliolate as in the last var., but stems stout and more shrubby,
attaining 2 ft, or more.— Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 283; Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham ;
Moreton Island, F. Mueller.

Var. (?) pubescens. More or less pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets very small,
ovate or obovate. Flowers small, the pedicels usually longer than the leaves.—In the Gram-
piaus, Wilhelmi, Robertson.

35. B. anemonifolia, 4. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 330. A shrub
of 2 or 3 ft., glabrous or pubescent, and often glaucous. Leaves either simply
3-foliolate with the leaflets 3-toothed, or all 3 leaflets or the terminal one only
again 3-foliolate or pinnately 5-foliolate, or sometimes some of them a third
time divided, and all usually thick, linear-cuneate or, if entire, acutely linear.

Owers in axillary cymes of 3, 5, or even more, very rarely reduced to single
flowers. Stamens and fruit of B. polygalifolia.
Queensland. Newcastle and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller; near Lindley’s Range, Mit-
e
NS Wales. E, coast, R. Brown; Hunter’s River and Blue Mountains, 4. Cun-
d ous and others, es

ictoria. Mountains of Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller. ;

Tasmania. Derwent Fue. King’s Island, R. Brown ; northern parts of the island
near the coast, J. D. Hooker. à

Ww. Australia. Canning river, Preiss, n. 2628. i E

Wis species, which F. Mueller thinks ought to be united with B. polygalifolia as a
oo has by others been subdivided into 3, which may be considered as tolerably distinct

, VIZ, ;—— e

4. dentigera, Pubescent or rarely glabrous. Leaflets usually 3, linear-cuneate, thick,
3-toothed at the top. Flowers 1 to “bi each peduncle.— B. dentigera, F. Muell. in m
Viet. Inst, 1855, 82; Cyanothamnus tridactylites, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 227.—N. S.

ales, Victoria ; Tasmania, E. coast, C. Stuart; W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2028. — i

2. variabilis. Usually glabrous. Leaves irregularly compound, more or less twice Wi
nate, but scarcely bipinnate. Leaflets oblong, obtuse, or linear-cuneate. Flowers si er
small, 3 or more in the cyme.— B. variabilis, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 277 (partly) ;
Hook. € F), Tasm. i. 67.—The common Tasmanian form.

VOL. I, H

a

322 XXVIII. RUTACER, ` Boronia.

c. anethifolia, eaves still more compound, often bipinnate, and leaflets narrower and
more acute than in the last var. Flowers 3 or more in the cyme.—B. anethifolia, A.
Cunn.; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, under n. 47; B. bipinnata,
Lindl. in Mitch, Trop. Austr. 225.—The common form ia the interior of Queensland and N.
S. Wales.

36. B. falcifolia, 4. Cunn. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, under n. 47. A
glabrous, erect, heath-like shrub, with virgate branches. Leaves rather crowded,
3-foliolate; leaflets linear-tereté, mucronate, mostly + to 4 in. long, on a
common petiole rather shorter than themselves. —Pedicels 1- to 3-flowered, in
the upper axils. Bracts linear-subulate. Sepals lanceolate, subulate-pointed.
Petals rather longer than the sepals, attaining 3 to 4 lines, acute, imbricate,

glabrous. Filaments clavate and glandular upwards; anthers not apiculate. -

Stigma in some specimens capitate, in others not thicker than the style.—
B. paleifolia, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16 (through a misreading of Cunning-
ham’s label).

Queensland. Moreton Bay and islands, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others;
Wide Bay, Bidwill.

N.S. ‘Wales. Port Macquarie and Port Stephens, Backhouse.

37. B. penicillata, Benth. An erect, rather rigid shrub or under-
shrub, more or less pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate ; leaflets sessile,
linear or linear-cuneate, flat, rather thick, rarely above 3 in. long, Flowers
axillary, very small, on short pedicels. Sepals broad, acute, glabrous or
ciliate, very glandular. Petals about twice their length, but not exceeding
1 lines, rather thick and glandular, with thin transparent imbricate edges.
Filaments slightly flattened, ciliate, rather thickened at the top ; anthers
tipped with a short broad appendage, ciliate with a few rather long stiff hairs..
Stigma slightly thickened. Cocci glabrous, rather longer than the petals.
Seeds not seen.

W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George’s Sound, Drummond. The.

species resembles B. inconspicua in the minuteness of its flowers, but is quite different in
their structure as well as in foliage.

38. B. crassipes, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 168. Shrubby and glabrous,
with elongated, rather slender, virgate branches. Leaves simple, linear, rather
acute, z to 1 in. long, entire or serrulate. Pedicels- axillary, 1-flowered,
shorter than the leaves, thickened under the flower. Sepals lanceolate-subu- .
late with long points. Petals about twice as long as the sepals, attaining
fully 4 lines, acute or mucronate. Filaments slender, slightly ciliate, obtuse `
and glandular at the tap; anthers minutely apiculate. Seeds opaque an
scabrous, but not seen quite ripe.—Dietr. Fl. Univ. N. Ser. ii. t. 2.

W. Australia, Drummond, Coll. 1845. n. 10; N t Wuljenup, Preiss, n-
2040; King George's Sound and Mount Barker, oe ni "ie

39. B. subsessilis, Benth. Glabrous, with rigid twiggy branches.
Leaves simple, sessile, linear-terete, rather obtuse, mostly 4 to Z in. long.

Flowers sessile or on very short thickened pedicels. elabrous, a tly red.

: , apparently
Sepals short, broadly ovate. Petals aétitising 3 lines, tte, obtuse, of à
firm consistence.

Filaments flattened, ciliate, slightly thickened and obtuse

rus glandular at the top ; anthers tipped with a large, broad, recurved appen-
ge.

|

ee 9ÀM

Boronia.” XXVIII. RUTACER. 323

W. Australia, Drummond. The stamens are nearly those of some of the blue-
flowered species, but the flowers are much more sessile than in any blue species and appa-
rently red. i

Series VI. TERMINALES.—Anthers uniform. Leaves simple or rarely
3-5-foliolate. Flowers terminal, usually solitary.

40. B. capitata, Benth. Apparently a rigid divaricate shrub. Branches
pubescent or hirsute. Leaves simple, linear, obtuse, under } in. long in our
specimen, pubescent, thick, terete or almost flat above and convex underneath. -
Flowers several, almost sessile, in terminal heads. Sepals rather broad, pu-
bescent. Petals twice as long as the sepals, rather exceeding 3 lines, imbri-
cate, glabrous. Filaments densely ciliate at the edges, slightly thickened and
glandular at the top; anthers tipped with a small recurved appendage. Style
pubescent, with a small stigma.

W: Australia. In the eastern regions of the colony, Drummond. It is possible that
this may prove to be an extreme variety of B. nematophylla, differing chiefly in inflorescence
and indumentum.

41. B. nematophylla, P Muell. Fragm. ii. 100. An érect, virgate,
or diffuse, glabrous shrub. Leaves all simple, linear-terete, obtuse acute or
mucronulate, mostly 3 to 1 in. long. Flowers axillary or terminal, nearly
sessile or shortly pedunculate, solitary or the terminal ones in clusters of 3 to
5. Sepals short and broad, ciliate. ‘Petals 3 or 4 times as long as the sepals,
attaining 3 or 4 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments more or less woolly on
the edges, clavate and glandular at the top; anthers minutely apiculate or
Sometimes quite obtuse. Style slender, occasionally exceeding the stamens,
with a small capitate stigma.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Oldfield ; N. side of Stirling range and Gordon
Plains, Marwel?,

42. B. crenulata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 284. A glabrous
bushy shrub. Leaves obovate or cuneate, rounded and usually (but not
always) crenulate at the upper end, rarely exceeding } in., narrowed into a
very short petiole, coriaceous and nerveless. Flowers terminal and solitary
or few together, on very short pedicels or almost sessile, and also frequently
solitary in the upper axils. Sepals ovate, scarious at the edges and minutely

ate. Petals about twice as long, attaining 3 lines, broad, imbricate, and
glabrous. Filaments densely woolly at the sides, obtuse at the top; anthers
apiculate. Style short, often slightly pubescent. Seeds smooth and shining.
~ DC. Prod. i. 721; Bot. Mag. t. 3915; Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 12; Bartl. in
Pl. Preiss, i. 169.

W. Austr ing G : , R. Brown, Menzies, Druminond, and others ;
SR range, p gu aie ae Gordon rivers, Oldfield; and eastward to

es Inlet, Maxwell.
x T. pubescens. Branches pubescent. Leaves more sessile and less narrowed at the base,
ciliate on the edge, Sepals narrower.— W. Australia, Drummond ; Vasse river, Oldfield.

43. B. serrulata, Sm. Tracts, 292, t.5. A glabrous shrub. Leaves
crowded, simple, almost sessile, broadly obovate or rhomboidal, acute, rarely
yceeding 4 in. serrulate, narrowed at the base, coriaceous and nerveless.

lowers rather large, terminal, nearly sessile or very shortly pedicellate, se-
Veral together in a leafy compact cyme or head or rarely — Sepals

324 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Boronia.

acute. Petals 2 or 3 times as long as the sepals, attaining 4 lines, broad, im-
bricate, mucronate, glabrous. Filaments more or less hairy, clavate-globular
and hispid at the top; anthers minutely apiculate. Ovary glabrous. _ Style
short, with a large globular 4-lobed stigma. Seeds black and shining.—
Sw. Fl. Austral. t. 19; Bot. Reg. t. 842; Paxt. Mag. Bot. i. 173, with a
figure. e

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 998, and others, Said to be known
as “ Native Rose" by the colonists.

44. B. rhomboidea, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 722. A small, glabrous, much-
branched, rigid shrub. Leaves simple, sessile, broadly rhomboid, obovate
orbicular or almost reniform, obtuse, not exceeding } in., quite entire, coria-
ceous and nerveless. Flowers rather smaller than in B. serrulata, almost
sessile, terminal and solitary or few together, or occasionally 1 or 2 in the
axils of the next pair of leaves, surrounded by 1 or 2 pairs of floral leaves or
bracts, usually spathulate and petiolate. Sepals ovate. Petals not twice as
long as the sepals, attaining about 3 lines. Filaments glabrous, glandular-
tubereulate, thickened upwards ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Style
rather long. Seeds apparently black and shining, but not seen quite ripe.—
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 66.

Tasmania. North-west River near Hobarton and Western Mountains, Gunn ; ascending
to 3000 or 4000 ft., C. Stuart.

45. B. parviflora, Sm. Tracts, 295, t. 6. A small, glabrous under-
shrub, forming a thick woody rhizome with numerous prostrate, ascending, oF
erect branching stems, usually under 6 in., but sometimes nearly 1 ft. long.
Leaves all simple, from oblong to linear-lanceolate, rather acute, rarely 3 1n.
long. Flowers small, terminal, solitary or few in a leafy terminal cyme, on
short thickened pedicels, one or two rarely axillary by the abortion of the
flowering branch. Sepals acute, 13 to 2 lines long. Petals not much d
ceeding them, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments glabrous or slightly hairy an
glandular towards the top; anthers very minutely or not at all api
Ovary glabrous; style short and thick. Cocci small. Seeds smooth an
shining.—DC. Prod. i. 721; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 113; B. pilonema, Labill.
PL. Nov. Holl. i. 98, t. 126 ; DC. Prod. i. 722; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 66.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 299, and others; northward to
Hastings river, Beckler. :

. Victoria. Heathy and sandy moors at Port Albert, towards Wilson's Promontory, aud
near Cape Liptrap, F. Mueller.

Tasmania.

gts le, R. Brown ; common in heaths and sandy places through-
out the island, J. D. teg e common in heaths yp

Some specimens much resemble at first sight some of the smaller forms of B. polygalifol ia,

but a careful examination of the inflorescence will always suffice to distinguish them, 1n 8
pendently of the seeds.

46. B. viminea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App.17. A small or slender gla-
brous shrub. Leaves all simple, usually linear-lanceolate or linear-cuneate,
flat, in some specimens } to 1 in. long, in others all under 4 in. Pedicels
mostly axillary but also terminal, 1-flowered, short, thickened under the
flower. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, short. Petals attaining 2 to 3 lines, gla-
brous, imbricate. Filaments densely woolly, glabrous glandular and obtuse

——— "7.

ES eae eee

Boronia.) XXVIII. RUTACER, 325

at the top; anthers tipped with a prominent erect or recurved appendage.
Style hirsute. Seeds smooth and shining.

WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. The smaller specimens often
much resemble elongated ones of B. parviflora, but have a more axillary inflorescence and
apiculate anthers,

Var. latifolia. Leaves rather shorter, the lower ones broader and cuneate, Flowers
rather larger with mucronate petals.—B. tenuifolia, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 168.—Canning
river, Preiss, n. 2022; S. coast, Gilbert, n. 108; Fitzgerald range and E. Mount Barren,
Herb. F. Mueller.

ue gracilis. Leaves small. Flowers small, mostly axillary.—Drummond, Coll. 1848,
n. 92.

B. colorata, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 226; Herb. Preiss. n. 2627, which I have not seen,
appears from the description to be referable to B. viminea.

47. B. filifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and ii. 171. A low glabrous
shrub, with short slender but rigid branches. Leaves either simple and sessile,

2 linear-terete, about 4 in. long, or 3-foliolate with 3 smaller linear-terete leaf-

lets on a distinct common petiole. . Peduncles slender, terminal, bearing a
single flower, or short with a cyme of 3 flowers on pedicels of 2 or 3 lines
thickened under the flower. Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals attaining 2 or
3 lines, glabrous, imbricate. Filaments slightly ciliate, clavate and glandular
at the top ; anthers not apiculate. Seeds smooth and shining.

S. Australia. Sandy plains near Encounter Bay, F. Mueller; Kangaroo Island,
Waterhouse ; Tatiara country, Woods; near Adelaide, Herd. Hooker.—¥. Mueller (Pl.
Viet. i, 229) thinks that this may prove to be a variety of B. pinnata, a species with which

owever it appears to me to have very little connection.

48. B. inornata, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 164. A low, much-
branched, rather slender but rigid shrub, usually glabrous and often tubercu-
late with prominent glands. Leaves usually compound, with a very short
common petiole; leaflets 3, 5, or rarely 1, linear-terete, very obtuse, rarely
above 3 lines long, and often much shorter. Flowers terminal, solitary or 2
or 3 together on short pedicels. Sepals broad and short, usually ciliate.

etals attaining 2 to 3 lines, nearly glabrous, much imbricate, rather acute
ut not prominently mucronate. Filaments glabrous, clavate-glandular ;
anthers apiculate. Stigma capitate in some specimens, minute in others
where the anthers are longer. Seeds smooth but not shining.—B. leptophylla,

-Turez. 1. c. ; B. clavellifolia, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 12; Fragm.

i. 99; Pl. Vict. i. 117.

Victoria. Sandy desert towards Lake Albert, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Mallee scrub near the Murray, F. Mueller. — — :
bed Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 196 and 197; Phillips ranges, Gardiner's

Iver, and Middle Mount Barren, Herb. F. Mueller.

49. B. oxyantha, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 165. Nearly allied
to B. inornata ergy the same habit and foliage, but with the branches
minutely hoary-pubescent and not glandular. Leaflets 3 or 5, linear-terete
and frequently 3 lines long. Flowers rather larger than in B. inornata.
Sepals lanceolate, with long subulate points, or almost subulate from the

ase. Petals distinctly pointed. Filaments densely ciliate; anthers apicu-

late. Style short, with a small stigma.—B. brachyphylla, F. Muell. Fragm.
i. 99; ii. 180.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 198; Fitzgerald ranges, Herb. F. Mueller.

326 XXVIII. RUTACES. [ Boronia.

SERIES VII. PepuncunaT#.—Anthers uniform. Leaves simple. Pe-
duncles terminal, elongated, usually several-flowered.

50. B. scabra, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. VÍ. A much-branched erect
shrub of 1 to 13 ft., roughly pubescent or hirsute with short spreading hairs.
Leaves all simple, nearly sessile, linear or oblong, very obtuse, rarely exceed-
ing 4 or 5 lines, the margins much revolute and usually pale underneath.
Flowers terminal, solitary or few in shortly pedunculate cymes, or in cyme-
like leafy clusters. Sepals with a very short broad base and filiform hispid
points. Petals rather narrow, but imbricate, 2 to 3 lines long, finely mucro-
nate, Filaments ciliate, almost tapitate and glandular at the top; anthers
tipped with a rather large recurved appendage. Style rather thick, glabrous
or pubescent. Cocci usually pubescent. Seeds smooth and apparently opaque,
but not seen quite ripe.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll.; Fraser. The young leaves are
often clustered in the axils, but, as far as I have seen, always simple.

51. B. thymifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 165. A much-
branched, rather slender shrub, glabrous or slightly pubescent with short
spreading hairs. Leaves all simple, nearly sessile, linear, obtuse, rarely at-
taining 4 lines, the margins much revolute. Flowers 1 to 3, on rather long
' terminal peduncles, or sometimes more numerous, forming a showy corymbose

cyme. Sepals broad, shortly acuminate, glabrous or hirsute. Petals attain-
ing about 3 lines, imbricate, glabrous. Filaments slightly ciliate, clavate
and glandular at the top ; anthers tipped with a prominent recurved white ap-

pendage. Style short, pubescent ; stigma oblong.—B. fasciculifolia, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 99; ii. 99.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 195, A. Gregory ; Salt river, Fitzgerald river,

etc., Mazwell.— The species differs from B. scabra, chiefly in the long peduncles, short sepals,
and in the want of the long points to the petals.

52. B. ovata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, under n.47. A glabrous under-
shrub or shrub, forming a thick stock and erect dichotomous stems, usually
under l ft. Leaves almost sessile, cordate-ovate or the upper ones lanceolate,
obtuse or acute, under 4 in. long, the margins entire and recurved. Flowers
few, in loose terminal pedunculate dichotomous cymes, the branches and pedicels
slender. Sepals short, acuminate. Petals attaining about 4 lines, imbricate,
glabrous. Filaments glabrous, capitate and glandular at the top; anthers tip
with an obtuse recurved appendage. Style rather thick, glabrous or hairy.
WV. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. ; Darling range, Collie.

53. B. fastigiata, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 167. A glabrous glaucous
shrub or undershrub, with erect and rigid or weak and decumbent branches.
Leaves obovate, spathulate or oblong, rarely attaining 4 in., very obtuse, €n-
tire or denticulate, narrowed at the base. Flowers in loose umbel-like simple
cymes, terminal or in the upper axils, the common peduncle short, wit
usually 4 to 6 rether long pedicels, thickened upwards. Sepals ovate OF
ovate-lanceolate, acute, herbaceous and almost valvate. Petals rarely twice
as long, attaining about 3 lines. Filaments ciliate, narrowed upwards,
slightly glandular ; anthers oblong, almost terminal, not apiculate. Cocc!
truncate. Seeds smooth and shining.

Doronia.] XXVIII. RUTACEX. 327

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 119 ; Plantagenet district, Preiss, n. 2028; Gordon
river, Oldfield ; S. W. interior, Maxwell.

Var. (?) Zenuior. Leaves thin, almost lanceolate, serrate.— W. Australia, Gilbert, n. 3 and
18.— Weak drawn-up specimens of this and of B. viminea have much general resemblance,
although the species generally are widely distinct.

54. B. denticulata, Sw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 284. Shrubby, erect,
glabrous and somewhat glaucous. Leaves nearly sessile, simple, linear or
lanceolate, rarely oblong-cuneate, flat but rather thick, 3 to 1} in. long, often
bordered by a few small glandular teeth or more distinctly denticulate when
broad. Flowers rather large, in loose terminal shortly pedunculate cymes
or corymbs, the pedicels thickened upwards. Sepals very acute, usually short
but variable. Petals attaining about 3 lines or rather more, imbricate, gla-
brous. Filaments ciliate and flattened towards the base, terete and glandular
upwards, obtuse at the top ; anthers short, not apiculate—DC. Prod. i. 721;
Bot. Reg. t. 1000; B. chironiifolia, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 167.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; and other parts of the
southern districts, Drummond, n. 22, Preiss. n. 2027, Oldfield, and others; eastward to
Phillips river and E. Mount Barren, Maxwell.

. 55. B. spathulata, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 17. A glabrous glaucous
undershrub, forming a thick stock, with erect simple or branched stems, $ to
1i ft. high, or when very luxuriant attaining 3 ft. Leaves not numerous,
from obovate or oblong-spathulate to linear-cuneate or lanceolate, obtuse or
rarely acute, 4 to 1 in. of rarely longer, thick, nerveless, quite entire. Flowers
few, rather large, in irregular terminal pedunculate cymes. Pedicels glabrous
or glandular. Sepals usually very acute. Petals attaining 4 lines or more,
imbricate, glabrous. Filaments ciliate ; anthers often minutely apiculate.—
pn in Pl. Preiss. 167; B. flexuosa, Bartl. l.c. i. 166; B. macra, Bartl.

2 €. 167.

Ww. tralia m King George's Sound, R. Brown and others,
to deg nma e Berg Steg ‘tees Postal n. 2024, 2025; Darling
range, Preiss, n. ; i ld.

Ver. bitten Mut MEE numerous, in long pedunculate cymes.—Swan
River, dew aged ; King George's Sound, Baxter, Collie; eastward to E. Mount Barren,

‘arwell,

_ Var. elatior. Tall, with elongated branches, the upper leaves linear and distant, occa-
sionally slightly dilated at the base. Flowers in very loose dichotomous cymes.—B. dicho-
toma, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, under n. 47.— Vasse river, Mrs. Molloy; Swan River, Drum-
mond, Coll. 1843, n. 38.

96. B. juncea, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 166. An undershrub, with erect
virgate or rush-like stems, glabrous and little branched or dichotomous up-
Wards. Leaves few, linear-terete, rather thick, the lower ones sometimes l
In. long, the upper ones few, small and distant, and some specimens almost
leafless. Flowers small, terminal, solitary or few together, on short glabrous
9r woolly pedicels. Sepals lanceolate-subulate, nearly as long as the petals.
Petals about 2 or rarely 3 lines long, mucronate, imbricate, often slightly 2

escent outside along the centre. Filaments glabrous, slightly ciliate, g n

ular and obtuse; anthers not apiculate. Cocci small, truncate. Seeds
Smooth and shining.—B. laniflora, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 165 (specimens
with woolly calyces),

328 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Boronia.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; southern districts,
Preiss, n. 2030, 2036, and 2037. Some specimens from near Tone Bridge, iñ Herb. F. Muel-
ler are remarkable for their large flowers. In all others they rarely much exceed 2 lines.

57. B. cymosa, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16. A glabrous, often glaucous
undershrub or shrub, forming a thick stock with erect virgate branches.
Leaves sessile, linear-terete, often crowded towards the upper part of the
branches or clustered in the axils, 3 to 1 in. or rather longer, sometimes fewer
and more distant, the larger ones rarely flattened with revolute margins but
always narrow-linear and quite entire. Flowers rather small, usually nume-
rous and cymose, on long terminal peduncles. Pedicels short. Sepals short
and broad. Petals attaining about 3 lines. Filaments ciliate, slightly dilated
at the base, terete and glandular upwards; anthers minutely apiculate.—

B. teretifolia, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 17; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. 1. 166; F.
Muell. Fragm. ii. 101.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll. and (2nd Coll.) n. 88, Preiss, n.
2023, 2029; Vasse river and Darling Range, Oldfield.

3. ACRADENIA, Kipp.

Calyx 5-cleft, rarely 6- or 7-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 6 or 7, imbricate.
Disk thick, entire. Stamens 10, rarely 12 or 14, inserted outside the disk ;
anthers all similar and perfect. Carpels usually 5, united almost to the top,
each terminating in a glabrous gland. Styles termiyal, united in one filiform
style, with a small stigma. Ovules 2 in each carpel, collateral or almost
superposed. Cocci 5 or fewer, 2-valved ; endocarp and seeds unknown.—
Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate. Flowers white, in a terminal trichotomous
cyme.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Tasmania. It is evidently nearly allied
to Boronia and especially to Zieria, from which it differs in the flowers, usually 5-merous, with
all the stamens perfect and no glands to the disk. "The endocarp has been described, on the au-
thority of Kippist, as not separating, but the only fruits known are open and have already shed
their seed ; and, on comparing them carefully with those of other Diosmee in a similar state,
I cannot but conclude that, as is usual in the tribe, the endocarp has been cast with the seed.

1. A. Frankliniz, Kipp. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 207, t. 22. A shrub
of 8 to 12 ft., glabrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves
mostly opposite, 3-foliolate, with a short common petiole ; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, more or less crenately toothed, coriaceous,

green on both sides, usually scabrous, with prominent glands. Cymes nearly

sessile at the ends of the branches, loosely trichotomous. Sepals distinct,

short. Petals 23 to 3 lines long, pubescent outside. Filaments filiform,
glabrous, scarcely shorter than the petals; anthers not apiculate. Ovary
very villous, except the small glands terminating each carpel. Cocci hard,
truncate, scarcely beaked, transversely wrinkled.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 69.

Tasmania. Macquarie Harbour and river, Milligan.

4. CROWEA, Sm.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud. Disk annular. Stamens
10, shorter than the petals; filaments flattened, ciliate or woolly; anthers
linear, hirsute, tipped with long hirsute appendages. Ovary 5-lobed ; styles

a cR

Crowea. | XXVII. RUTACEX. 329

inserted above the middle of the carpels, immediately united into one filiform
style with a small or globular stigma. Ovules 2, superposed or almost col-
lateral. Cocci 2-valved, rounded or truncate at the top, the endocarp carti-
laginous and separating elastically.—Glabrous shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves
alternate, simple. Flowers rather large, red purple or green, glabrous, solitary,
axillary or terminal.

The genus is confined to Australia. It is united by F. Mueller with Eyiostemon, from
which it differs chiefly in the long hairy appendages of the anthers.

Peduncles terminal or, if axillary, leafy at the base. Branches scarcely
angular . . 1 C exalata.

Peduncles all axillary, without leafy bracts. Branches very angular or
almost winged,
ves quite entire. Style short. Stigma globular >» , . . . 2 C. saligna.
Leaves mostly or all dentieulate, Style long. Stigma short.

Branches erect, almost herbaceous. Leaves linear or narrowed
at both ends , RUE A E xs ca e i T

Rigid shrub. Leaves from broadly cuneate to oblong, truncate
or very obtuse REO Wo uu uS T,

“jl. C. exalata, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 11. Shrubby, with

tlie branches more slender than in C. saligna, and scarcely angular. Leaves

numerous, narrow-linear, mostly obtuse, often all under 1 in. and rarely
attaining 13 in., all entire. Flowers smaller than in C. saligna, on short
peduncles, almost terminal, or if axillary by the abortion of the flowering
branch, the peduncle usually bears 1 or more small leaves at its base. Petals
rarely $ in. long, red or rarely green. Stamens as in C. saligna, the petaline
filaments shorter than the others. Ovary very short; style very short, with

a large globular stigma. Cocci small, free from the base.—Jriostemon

Crowei (partly), F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 119.

Pt S. Wales. Paramatta, Wilson; Yowaka river, Mount Tambo, etc., near Twofold
y, F. Mueller, s 5
Victoria, Mount Macfarlane, near Omeo, Mitta-Mitta, Livingston and Genoa rivers,

and Boggy Creek, towards Lake King, F. Mueller. ee : :
This plant is now considered by E Mueller as specifically identical with C. — a it

May possibly prove to be a variety of that species ; but, besides the general habit, fo iage,

€ less angular stems, the inflorescence appears to me to be different in all the specimens
Ve seen,

?. C. saligna, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 79. Shrubby and erect, the branches
prominently angular. Leaves satiny lanceolate, narrowed at each end, acute:
or obtuse, ] to 2 in. long, of a much thinner consistence than those of Hrio-
stemon salicifolius, which this species sometimes resembles, in some speci-
mens passing into a broadly oblong or elliptical-ovate shape, in others almost
linear, like those of O. ezalafa. Flowers red, on axillary pedicels shorter
than the leaves, thickened upwards, with 2 very minute bracts at their base.
Sepals short and broad. Petals 7 to 9 lines long. Appendage of the
anthers longer than the cells themselves. Style very short, with a large
globular stigma. Cocci short, united to near the top. Seeds en
somewhat, shining.— Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 7; Bot. Mag. t. 989; D one
1. 720 ; C. latifolia, Lodd. in G. Don, Gep. Syst. i. 792; Eriostemon Crowei
(partly), F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 119.

3. C. angustifolia.
4. C. dentata.

330 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. [ Crowea.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 295 (the names or numbers of
this and n. 294, Eriostemon salicifolius, interchanged in some collections), and others.

C. latifolia, Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiv. 222, with a fig., is one of the commonest forms of this
species. In some specimens from Manly Reach, Woolls (Herb. Muell.), the leaves are
nearly twice as broad. In others from between Richmond river and Raymond Terrace, A,
Ralston (Herb. Muell.), they are linear, elongated, mostly rounded or truncate at the top.
Again, in numerous specimens collected by R. Brown on the Hawkesbury river, they are
linear, but smaller and more crowded, approaching those of C. exalata ; but in all, the pedi-
cels are axillary and leafless.

3. C. angustifolia, Tue, in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 13. Apparently an
undershrub with virgate erect branches of 1 to 2 ft., less woody than in other
species, acutely angled and almost winged. Leaves sessile, linear, mostly
acute, 1 to 2 in. long, entire or minutely serrulate. Flowers red or white,
rather smaller than in C. saligna, all axillary, solitary or rarely 2 together, on
very short pedicels, thickened upwards, with minute bracts at the base.
Sepals very short. Petals not exceeding } in. Filaments glabrous or
slightly ciliate ; anthers with longer cells and a shorter, less hairy, and flatter
appendage than in C. saligna. Style elongated, with a small stigma. Cocci
Ere transversely wrinkled.— Zriostemon Turczaninowii, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
i. :

A Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; southern districts, Drummond and
others.

Var. (9) platyphylla. Leaves ovate-elliptieal, narrowed at each end, minutely and regu-
larly crenate-serrate.— Franklin river, Maxwell,

4. C. dentata, R. Br. Herb. A rigid erect branching shrub, the young
branches very angular. Leaves sessile with a broad base, from broadly
cuneate and truncate to narrow-oblong, 3 to 1 in. long, strongly and acutely
serrate, coriaceous and rigid. Peduneles 1-flowered, axillary, short and
thick, slightly hoary as well as the petals. Sepals very short. Petals 4 to
5 lines long. Filaments glabrous or slightly ciliate; anthers with an appen-
dage as long as the cells, very hairy, as in C. saligna. Cocci obtuse or
obscurely beaked.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, Baxter (Hb. R. Brown).

5. ERIOSTEMON, Sm.

Calyx 5-cleft or rarely 4-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 4, imbricate. Disk usually
more or less thickened. Stamens 10, rarely 8, shorter than the petals ;
filaments hairy, attenuate or rarely obtuse at the top ; anthers usually tipped
with a very small point or appendage. Carpels 5, rarely 4 or fewer, distinct
from the base (or in one species united to the middle), usually produced into
a short appendage above the cells; styles inserted below the middle and
immediately united into one; stigma small. Ovules 2 in each cell, super-
posed. Coeci 2-valved, usually more or less beaked at the top or at the
outer angle; the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. Seeds
solitary.—Shrubs, either glabrous or slightly pubescent, without scurfy scales.
Leaves alternate, simple, entire, the glands often large and prominent. Inflo-
rescence axillary or terminal; peduncles bearing a single flower, or an umbel
of few, white pink or rarely blue flowers, Calyx small, with short broad
lobes or sepals, except in E. nodiflorus.

KEriostemon.] XXVIII. RUTACER. 331

Besides the Australian species, which are all endemie, the genus comprises one from New
Caledonia. F. Mueller proposes to extend its limits so as to include Phebalium, Microcybe,
Geleznovia, Crowea, Philotheca, Drummondita, and Asterolasia, which are all no doubt
nearly enough related to it to be equally well regarded as sections or as substantive genera;
but as the majority of them have been long established and universally adopted, and are dis-
tinguished by characters easily recognized, their union into one vast genus seems to me to be
scarcely justified.

Inflorescence axillary.
Filaments clavate and glandular at the top.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, thick, obscurely l-nerved. Bracts

on the pedicel several, imbricate . . . . . sos + l E salicifolius.
Leaves oblong, finely 3-nerved. Bracts on the pedicel 1 to 3, :
AME uio. «cesta. ox de pork a s n tur A MN.
Filaments subulate at the top, usually flattened below. i
Flowers 4-merob . . . o . € s 39 9 * eu oov e JS ge,

Flowers 5-merous.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 1 to 3 or 4 in. long, flat, 1-
nerved. :
Pedicels slender, 1-flowered. Carpels of the ovary united
to above the middle, and not rostrate when ripe . . . 4. E.trachyphyllus.
Pedicels rigid, usually several-flowered. Carpels free from i
the base, rostrate when ripe . . . . . . . + A E myoporoides.
Leaves linear or linear-spathulate, mucronate, with recurved
margins and a prominent midrib . . . . e s >à
Leaves short, cordate-ovate or obovate, the margins thickened
or recurved, the midrib prominent . . . . + + + +
Leaves obovate or spathulate, thick, flat or concave, the
midrib faint or none Pig Seer Ne ae. CN UN
Leaves narrow-linear, convex underneath or terete.
Fines b oe. un tree voted e
Figents abdita e SE EE, Adr
Inflorescence terminal, appearing sometimes lateral by the elongation
of the side shoots.
Flowers solitary or rarely 2 or 8 together. ;
Leaves small, flat or with recurved margins. ;
Leaves not above 2 lines long, thick, warted or crenate with T :
large prominent glands . . . . - + + + - + + 1. E difformis.
Leaves flat, oblong or linear, 3 to 4 lines, crenate, with a

. Æ. hispidulus.
. E buzifolius.

. E. scaber.

6
7
8. E. obovalis.
9
0. E. linearis.

Ki
putem mind 4e. tes i ona db s ern Sr
Leaves flat, linear-cuneate, 2 to 4 lines, slightly crenate,
un Oe ee es

Leaves linear- terete.

- di is, var,
Leaves warted with large glands. Flowers not above 3 lines ll. E. di Ge? -

i icifolius.
Leaves smooth. Flowers nearly 5 lines . . . . . + + 18. E. ericifo
Flowers (usually blue) densely clustered or capitate . . . . . 14. Z, vii
Flowers (usually pale blue) in loose racemes e. . 00.0. « 15, E spicatus.

(Eriostemon dentatus, Colla, is Eleocarpus dentatus, Vahl, a New Zealand plant.)

l. E. salicifolius, Sm.; DC. Prod.i.720. An erect shrub, the branches
rigid and often angular; glabrous or minutely hoary. mme S
linear-lanceolate, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, rather thick and rigid, g ng zm
full-grown, obscurely 1-nerved. Peduncles axillary, short and 1-flowered, wi
a few broad scale-like imbricate bracts at the base, hoary with a cur —
tum as well as the calyx and petals. Sepals short, orbicular, rigid. — Feta's

12. E. parvifolius.

332 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. [ Eriostemon.

pink, attaining about 4 in. Filaments flattened, densely fringed with woolly
hairs, clavate and glandular at the top, bearing the anthers on a short stipes
as in Boronia ; anthers tipped with a very short broad recurved appendage.
Ovary glabrous ; style slightly pubescent below the middle. Cocci truncate
at the top, but not beaked, transversely wrinkled. Seeds smooth and shining.
—Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. t. 26; Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 46; Bot. Mag.
t. 2854; E lanceolatus, Geertn. f. Fr. iii. 154, t. 210; Crowea scabra, Grah.
in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1827, 174.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, £. Brown, Sieber, n. 294 (the names or numbers of

this and Crowea saligna, 295, interchanged in many herbaria), and Z7. Mixt. n. 536, and
others.

The synonym often quoted of E. australasia, Sm., is an error. Smith mentions no species
in Trans, Linn. Soc. iv. 221, but in describing the genus gives the station Australasia, which
has been mistaken for a specific name.

2. E. Banksii, Z. Cunn.; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 15. A large shrub,
the young branches angular and loosely hairy. Leaves from obovate-oblong
to oblong-lanceolate, often oblique, obtuse, 1 to 1} in. long, contracted into
a very short petiole, thinly coriaceous, finely veined and obscurely 8-nerved,
glabrous or slightly hairy. Peduncles very short, axillary, l- or rarely
2-flowered, usually with 2 or 3 scale-like distant bracts. Sepals small,
ciliate. Petals attaining about 3 lines, hoary outside, with a prominent
midrib. Filaments slightly flattened, woolly outside, clavate and glandular
at the top as in E. salicifolius; anthers not apiculate. Ovary glabrous, style
= Carpels of the fruit 4 or 5 lines long, truncate, very shortly

aked.

nsland. Sandy shores of the Endeavour river, Banks and Solander, R. Brown,
A. Cunningham. 'The leaves have very mach the aspect of the phyllodia of some Acacias.

3. E. virgatus, 4. Cunn.; Hook. f. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 411.
An erect, glabrous shrub, with virgate branches. Leaves rather crowded,
cuneate-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, mostly about 4 in. long, flat, almost
shining above, pale underneath, with a prominent midrib, the tubercular |
glands small. Pedicels axillary, l-flowered, shorter than the leaves, but
rather slender. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals small. Petals glabrous, 23 to
3 lines long. Filaments flattened, ciliate, attenuate at the top; anthers
mused apiculate. Cocci glabrous, rostrate.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 64.

asmania. Rocky shores of uarie Harbour, 4. ningham ; Rocky Cape,
Gunn; hills on Huon river, Clie. Tee is “igo Zë ee ee id
appears to be constantly so. Phebalium Oldfieldi, F. Muell., referred to it in Hook. f. Fl.

Tasm. ii. 358, from specimens in leaf only, is very di in i and
even the leaves differ iu being never EE — remm and Ku,

4. E. trachyphyllus, 7. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 99, and
Pl. Vict. i. 121. A tall glabrous shrub, with prominent tubercular glands.
Leaves from cuneate-oblong to natrow-lanceolate, shortly mucronate, 1 to
2 in. long, much narrowed at the base, flat or the margins slightly recurved,
the midrib prominent underneath. Pedicels axilla , 1-flowered, slender, but
shorter than the leaves. Petals white, glabrous, about 3 lines long. Fila-
ments somewhat flattened, ciliate, attenuate at the top; anthers minutely
apiculate. Ovary glabrous, the carpels united to $ of their height but

Eriostemon.} XXVIII. RUTACER, 333
deeply depressed in the*centre, the style attached below the middle. Capsule
obtuse, 5-angled, the carpels not rostrate, separating at length to below the
middle. Seeds smooth and shining.

N.S. Wales. Forest gullies near Twofold Bay, and about the sources of the Yowaka
river, F, Mueller.

Victoria. Rocky declivities on Snowy River, near Pinch river, F. Mueller.

This species differs from all others in the united earpels of the ovary; but the habit,
wstivation of the petals, stamens, and other characters, are those of Zyios/emon; and even
the ovary is different in shape from that of Asterolasia and other genera where the carpels
are more or less united.

Var. (?) Leichhardtii. Foliage of the typical form. Flowers much larger; filaments
much dilated and shortly ciliate to the middle, fringed with long hairs in the upper part ;
anthers larger; lobes of the ovary produced into long appendages, and carpels therefore pro-
bably beaked.—* From Brroa " (N. S. Wales ?), Leichhardt.

5. E. myoporoides, DC. Prod.i. 120. A stout, usually tall, glabrous
shrub, with the habit of a Myoporum, the glandular tubercles sometimes very
Prominent, sometimes almost inconspicuous. Leaves sessile, from obovate-
oblong to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or rarely acute, always mucro- *
nate, 1 to 3 or rarely above 4 in. long, rather firm and sometimes coriaceous,
flat with the midrib prominent underneath, Peduncles shorter than the
leaves, usually bearing an umbel of 3 to 9 flowers, very rarely reduced to lor
2, especially on the smaller-leaved branches. Flowers white or pink, rather
large, the petals attaining about 4 lines. Filaments flat, more or less ciliate,
attenuate at the top. Ovary glabrous. Cocci beaked.— Bot. Mag. t. 3180;
Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 47; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 122 ; E cuspidatus, A. Cunn.
in Field, N. S. Wales, 331; E neriifolius, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post.
164; E. lancifolius, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 32.

pi i A ller.

Ee et fede ae Bie edad R. Brown, Sieber, n. 306, A.

Cunningham, and others; northward to New England, Herd. Mueller; in the interior to

Lachlan river, 4. Cunningham. ;
Victoria. Upper is of the Mitta-Mitta river, mounts Hotham, Latrobe, Tambo,

and Macfarlane, F, Mueller. t

ar. minor. Leaves rarely much above 1 inch long, peduncles mostly 1- or 2-flowered.—
E. intermedius, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4439.—To this form belong the Queensland and Lachlan
river specimens, 1 cannot, however, see in them any near approach to E. buxifolius.

6. E. hispidulus, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 164. Shrubby, with
elongated branches, more or less pubescent. Leaves sessile, lincar or linear-
Spathulate, mucronate with a straight or recurved point, $ to 1 in. long, the
Margins revolute, usually pubescent especially underneath, rarely glabrous,
often tubereulate with prominent glands. Peduncles axillary, shorter than
the leaves, 1- or rarely 2-flowered, the pedicel thickened under the flower.
Petals attaining 3 or 4 lines. Stamens, style, and fruit of E. duajfolius. E

N. s. k the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. "
4. Rn beu ie "f. Moeller considers this as a variety of E duxifolius. The
oliage appears to me, however, to be constantly distinct.

- T. E. buxifolius, Sm. ; DC. Prod. i. 720. Shrubby, with rigid pubes-
cent branches. Leaves sessile, small, cordate-ovate or obovate, usually mu-
fronate, under 3 in. long, thick and usually tuberculate with prominent

glands, the margins thickened or recurved, the midrib prominent underneath.

334 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Eriostemon.

Peduncles short, axillary, 1- or very rarely 2-flowered with very minute bracts
below the middle or at the base, thickened upwards. Petals broadly oblong,
attaining 4 or 5 lines. Filaments flattened, slightly ciliate, the longer ones
or all attenuate and glabrous at the top; anthers minutely apiculate. Carpels
much elongated above the cells; style glabrous. Cocci ovate, beaked on the
upper outer edge.—Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 45; Bot. Mag. t. 4101.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 304, and others. This species
seems occasionally almost to run into E odova/is in the shape of its leaves, but is then
always known by the recurved margins and prominent midrib.

8. E. obovalis, 4. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 331. A glabrous shrub

of 2 to 3 ft. Leaves obcordate, obovate or oblong-spathulate, very obtuse or

truncate, rarely attaining 1 in., much narrowed at the base and often petio-
late, thick but flat or concave above, the midrib little conspicuous, usually
strongly tuberculate with prominent glands. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, short
and thickened upwards. Flowers rather smaller than in E. buzifolius. Petals
glabrous, attaining 3 or 4 lines. Filaments flattened, ciliate. Cocci beaked,
at least when young (not seen ripe).—Z. verrucosus, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol.
74, t. 26; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 64; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 123; E. obcor-
datus, A. Cunn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 254; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 60. :

« N.S. Wales. Verge of Regent’s Glen, Blu» Mountains, A. Cunningham; Daf
Head, Caley.
Victoria. Barren ranges and forest land, not common, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown; common in gravelly aud sandy soil throughout
the island, J. D. Hooker.

A. Richard gives Moreton Bay as the station of his plant, but that is probably owing to
some mistake of Lesson’s in labelling the plants received from Fraser. In A. Cunningham 8
diagnosis the flowers are said to be terminal, but I find them always axillary in his specimens,
although sometimes proceeding from the upper axils su as to appear terminal without close
examination.

9. E. scaber, Pact. Mag. Bot. xiii. 127, with a figure. A shrub, with the
general aspect of E. Aispidulus, but with glabrous or very minutely pubescent
branches. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, acute and mucronulate, under 1 in.
long, thick and very convex underneath, flat or channelled above and often
almost terete, the margins never revolute, more or less tuberculate with pro-
minent glands. Inflorescence and flowers of E. obovalis. Carpels much com-
pressed, prominently rostrate. i

Glasshouse Mountains, F. Mueler,

N. S. Wales. St. George’s river, R. Brown; Paramatta, Woolls; Port Jackson,
Caley ; near Liverpool, Leichhardt.

This is considered by F. Mueller as a variety of E buxifolius. It appears to me to be
nearer to E obovalis, and differs from both chiefly in Acl Aë pei

DA E. linearis, A. Cunn.; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16. A rigid heath-
like shrub, quite glabrous or the branches minutely pubescent. Leaves ses-
sile, linear-terete, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, sometimes all under $ ims
but attaining $ in. when very luxuriant, more or less tuberculate with pro-
minent glands. Pedicels short, axillary, l-flowered. Flowers white or pink.
Petals glabrous, attaining 23 or scarcely 3 lines. Filaments filiform, very
hairy; anthers minutely apiculate. Ovary glabrous ; stigma slightly dilated

and lobed. Cocci glabrous, beaked.—Z. halmaturorum, E. Muell. in Linnea,

xxv. 376.

` "` TTT TTT" UTER

Eriostemon.} XXVIII. RUTACER. 335

N. S. Wales. Mount Boyne, Fraser; Goulburn and Peel ranges, A. Cunningham ;
Mount Murchison and Ebers ranges, F. Mueller. United by F. Mueller with E difformis ;
it differs in the inflorescence, which is that of the last 3 species, from which it is distin-
guished by the filaments quite filiform or scarcely perceptibly flattened. The leaves are more
slender than in either species.

ll. E. difformis, 4. Cunn.; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 15. A much-
branched compact shrub, glabrous or the younger branches minutely pubes-
cent. Leaves in the normal form small, numerous, obovate, oblong, or almost
thomboidal, very obtuse, rarely above 2 lines long, usually tuberculate or as
it were crenate, with 2 or 3 very large prominent glands, thick and convex,
the margins often recurved, glabrous on both sides. Flowers small, terminal,
solitary or 2 or 3 together, on very short pedicels. Calyx very small. Petals
2 to nearly 3 lines long, usually pubescent outside. Filaments flattened,
densely ciliate; anthers shortly apiculate. Ovary villous; style short. Cocci

_ very shortly beaked.—F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 123; E rhombeus, Lindl. in

Mitch. Trop. Austr. 293.

Queensland. Mantua downs, Mitchell; between Mackenzie and Dawson rivers, F.
Mueller ; near Warwick, Beckler; near Broad Sound, Herd. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Lachlan river, A. Cunningham. .

* Victoria. Murray river and Grampian Mountains, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 55.

Var. (P) Smithianus. Quite glabrous. Leaves flat, thin, oblong or linear, glandular cre-
nate, 3 to 4 lines long, with a conspicuous midrib. Petals usually glabrous.—Z. Smithianus,
Hill, in Herb. Muell.

‘Queensland. Wide Bay, W. Hill; near Brisbane, Henne.

N. S. Wales. Macleay river, Bechler.

Var. (?) teretifolius. Glabrous or pubescent. Leaves linear-terete, more or less crenate
or tuberculate, with large prominent glands, usually short and crowded, but sometimes 3 or
nearly 4 lines long. Petals glabrous. Ovary glabrous or pubescent.—Z. brevifolius, A.
Cunn. ; Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 16.

N.S. Wales. Peel’s range, A. Cunningham. 1

S. Australia. Lynedoch valley, Behr. ; Lofty Range and near Gawler river, F. pee

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 204 (with rather larger flowers). Phillips
and Fitzgerald rivers, Maxwell.

Endlicher describes the leaves of Cunningham’s plant as revolute and pubescent under-
neath, which I do not find in any of his specimens. This and the last variety appear in our

erbaria so distinct in foliage from the ordinary form of E. difformis, that I pM MM
admitted them as substantive species, had it not been for the authority of F. Mueller, who
observes that they pass much one into the other.

12. E. parvifolius, R. Br. Herb. A low, erect, compact, much-
branched, glabrous shrub. Leaves crowded, linear-cuneate, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines
long, slightly glandular-crenate, flat, coriaceous, without any conspicuous midrib.
lowers small, terminal, solitary, shortly pedicellate, glabrous. Sepals small,
etals 2 to 22 lines long. Filaments flattened, ciliate ; anthers minutely api-

culate. Cocci short, truncate, obscurely beaked. Seeds minutely tuberculate.
Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown (Herb. R. Br.).

13. E. ericifolius, 4. Cunn. Herb. An erect, heath-like, glabrous
shrub, Leaves crowded, linear-terete, obtuse or nearly so, much longer than
in E difformis, although rarely exceeding } in., slightly glandular but ka
tuberculate. Flowers terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together on short pedicels,
Sometimes apparently lateral by the elongation of the side shoot. Sepals

336 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. [ Eriostemon.

broad-lanceolate. Petals attaining 5 lines, glabrous or ciliate, with a promi-
nent midrib. Filaments flattened, woolly-ciliate on the edges, attenuate at
the top, the longer ones bearing a long tuft of rigid hairs behind the anthers ;
anthers shortly apiculate. Ovary very hairy. Carpels of the fruit beaked.

N. S. Wales. Skirts of Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham. This species has the fo-
liage nearly of Æ. nodiflorus, but larger usually solitary flowers, and is remarkable for the
long hairs covering the anthers,

14. E. nodiflorus, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 17. A heath-like shrub,
with virgate branches, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves narrow-linear
or almost terete, acute or rather obtuse, under 4 in. long, glabrous, the glands
- mot tubereular. Flowers usually blue, several together in dense terminal
heads, which become lateral by the elongation of one or more side shoots.
Pedicels short. Sepals linear-lanceolate, nearly glabrous or hirsute, often
more than half as long as the petals. Petals attaining 24 to 34 lines. Fila-
ments slightly flattened, ciliate, attenuate at the top; anthers scarcely apicu-
late. Ovary glabrous. Cocci acutely beaked.— Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 171.

W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan River, Drummond, 1st Coll., 4th Coll.
n. 95, 5th Coll. n. 203, Preiss, n. 2049; Mount Barker and Kalgan river, Oldfield ; W.
Mount Barren, Maxwell.

There are two principal forms which at first sight look very distinct, one with small flowers
and very villous calyces, the other with larger almost glabrous flowers, but they are con-
nected by so many intermediates that they cannot be well defined even as varieties. E. ca-
lycinus, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 14, founded on Drummond’s specimens, n. 93 of
the 4th Coll., appears to be the same species, although the petals in the dried state show
nothing of the blue tinge. I can find no other difference.

15. E. spicatus, 4. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 16, (. 21. A heath-like shrub
or undershrub of 1 or 2 ft., with virgate erect branches, glabrous or slightly
pubescent. Leaves erect or spreading, very narrow-linear or almost terete,
rarely much exceeding $ in. Flowers blue according to most collectors, pink
according to Oldfield (in Herb. Muell.), generally drying pale-blue or almost
white, in loose terminal usually pubescent racemes of 1 to 3 in., with a leafy
bract of $ to 1} lines at the base of each pedicel at a very early stage, but
these bracts fall off usually long before the raceme is fully developed, and are
only very rarely persistent till after the first flowers open. Sepals small.
Petals rather broad, about 3 lines long. Filaments flattened, densely ciliate,
attenuate at the top; anthers shortly apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Carpels
of the fruit slightly beaked.—Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 171.—Z. racemosus and
S res Endl. in Hues. Enum. 15; E effusus, Turez. in Bull. Mose.

;H. Le,

W. Australia. From King George's Sound to Swan Ri

an River, Drummond, Preiss, n.
2021, Harvey, and others. I have not seen Gilbert’s specimens n. 95, described by Tur-
ezaninow, but refer them to this species from the character given,

6. PHEBALIUM, A. Juss.

Calyx small, 5-cleft or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate or laterally imbricate,
but always with valvate inflexed tips. Disk narrow or angular. Stamens
10, shorter or longer than the petals ; filaments glabrous or rarely slightly
ciliate, filiform or rarely flat, subulate at the top ; anthers tipped with a small
gland or not at all apiculate. Carpels 5, rarely 4 or fewer, distinct from the

Phebalium.] XXVIII. RUTACER. 337

base or nearly so, usually produced into a short or long appendage above the
cells; styles inserted- below the middle and immediately united into one;
stigma small; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Cocci 2-valved, usually
more or less beaked at the top or the outer angle; the endocarp cartilaginous
and separating elastically, Seeds usually solitary.—Shrubs either glabrous
or slightly stellate-pubescent or clothed with scurfy. scales, very rarely hir-
sute. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or slightly toothed, the glands often
large and prominent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, peduncles rarely 1-
flowered, usually forming ‘an umbel-like short raceme, rarely reduced to a
compact head. Flowers small, white or yellow, very rarely and exceptionally
4-merous or 6-merous.

Besides the Australian species, which are all endemic, the genus comprises one from New
Zealand, nearly allied to, but apparently distinct from one of the Australian ones. F. Mueller
unites the genus with Eriostemon, but the zestivation of the corolla, besides the habit and a
number of smaller characters, appear to me sufficient to warrant the maintaining it as dis-
tinet. Practically, the section Leionema may be at once distinguished from Hriostemon by
the strictly valvate corolla, aud Phebalium proper by the scurfy scales always present at

on the flower and ovary.

Sect. 1. Leionema, F. Muell.— Glabrous or pubescent plants without scurfy scales.
Petals strictly valvate, glabrous. z
Flowers axillary. ; A pol em

Peduncles short, 1-flowered. Stamens not exserted.

Leaves flat, linear or linear-lanceolate, rigid, pungent . l. P. pungens.

Leaves linear-terete, obtuse, channelled above . . . . . 2. P. montanum.

Leaves linear, obtuse, the margins revolute . . . . - 3. P. lachnoides.

Peduncles several-flowered. Stamens slightly exserted. i ,

Leaves linear, with revolute margins, crowded, not exceeding ER
iin. Peduncles short, few-flowered. Ovary tomentose . 4. P. phylicifolium,

Leaves linear, 1 to 3 in. Peduncles several-flowered. Ovary
glabrous: 2 . . . ce vxo. iw w pe BP diete,

Flowers terminal. Stamens usually exserted.
ves flat or nearly so. Flowers umbellate.

Leaves truncate, notched or 2-lobed at the top. :
Umbels pedunculate and reflexed. Petals erect . . . . 6. P. Ralstoni.
Umbels erect, nearly sessile . . > + + + + + + + T. P. bilobum.

Leaves acute or obtuse. , d

_ Leaves oblong or lanceolate.
Leaves acute, under A in. long . . + + sss 8. P. lampropkyllum,
Leaves obtuse, 4 to ł in., thinly coriaceous — . 9. P. elatius.

Leaves crowded, under } in., coriaceous, very obtuse, the p
Les margins recurved. . > e o sor + + on o + 10. P. Oldfieldii.
ves small, obovate or orbicular. GE.
Leaves rigid but not thick, flat or concave. . « . .1l. £s ees Ze ?
Leaves very small, thick, convex. . . . + + © © 12. P. brachyphyllum,
Leaves linear, with closely revolute margins. Flowers capitate . 13. P. diosmeum.

SEcr. 2, Euphebalium.—The whole plant or at least the inflorescence and calyz,
and often the petals and ovary, more or less covered with seurfy peltate ——
Jringed at the edge, those of the ovary often closely imbricate in one — als
laterally imbricate or rarely almost valvate in the bud, with inflexed valvate tips.

Umbels terminal: Leaves small or rarely exceeding 1 in.
yx truncate or very shortly toothed. (Eastern sume geg
EE evthamcides.

VOL, I, e

338 XXVIII. RUTACEX, [ Phebalium.

Leaves very small, obeordate or broadly cordate, silvery-sealy 15. P. obcordatum.
Leaves linear-cuneate, truncate or emarginate . . + . . 16. P. glandulosum.
Leaves oblong or liuear, rounded or obtuse at the top, $ to
ibun dong 4. . ta SE. ioo. on. o LIS, a Oe
Calyx-teeth as long as the tube. (Western species.)
Leaves narrow-linear, channelled above, keeled underneath,
very glandular ure 4o id es . 18. P. tuberculosum.
Leaves small, oblong, with revolute margins, coriaceous,

SUME ShOYÉ. . 6 4 € alio ch pet ae Sa P. microphyllum.
Leaves small, oblong, flat, silvery underneath . . . . . 20. P. Drummondii.
Leaves linear-filiform, hoary-scaly . ~ . . . 21, P. filifolium.

Umbels terminal and lateral, loose. Leaves oblong or lanceolate
or linear, 1 to 2 in. long or more.
Leaves silvery-white underneath. Petals distinctly imbricate, "m
(d. RwüxaW et UR ECC EE ECL o.
Leaves green on both sides when full-grown. Petals valvate or
nearly so, densely scaly . . . . . . . . >» . . 28. P. argenteum.
Peduneles all axillary, short, 1- to 3-flowered. Leaves small. i
Leaves ovate, white underneath . tee oe". SE. Pee
Leaves obeordate or broadly cuneate, truncate or 2-lobed . . 25. P. rude.
Leaves linear-cuneate, thick, notched or 2-lobed.
Flowers distinctly pedicellate, about 2 lines long. Leaves
ay DEE S 5,731752 5. v. OE amblycarpum.
Flowers almost sessile, 4 or 5 lines long. Leaves divaricately
2-lobed D D LI D Li a D D D D D D D D D D 27. P. Bazteri.

Secr. 1. LEtoNEMA.—Glabrous or pubescent plants without scurfy scales.
Petals strictly valvate, glabrous.

> 1. P. pungens, Benth. A small rigid, erect or diffuse shrub, with
the aspect of some Epacrideous plants, glabrous or the branches slightly
hairy. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, rigid, with a strong pungent
point, usually 4 in. long or shorter, rarely nearly $ in., flat, with the mid-
rib prominent underneath. Peduncles short, axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers
white, glabrous. Calyx small. Petals rather more than 2 lines long, val-
vate. Stamens shorter than the petals; filaments glabrous or slightly ci-
liate, somewhat flattened, obtusely contracted at the top into a short stipes;
anthers not apiculate. Ovary glabrous. Cocci beaked.—Hriostemon pungens,
Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 156; F. Muell. Pl. Viet. i. 125.

Victoria. Near Mount Hope, Mitchell; M i d its lower tributaries and
itt — — 5 TI t HCM 0m
S. Australia.

Towards Mount Lofty and Glen Osmond, F. Mueller.

: 2. P. montanum, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 255, and Ie. Pl. t. 59. A
dwarf, rigid, diffuse or prostrate shrub, glabrous or the branches very minutely
stellate-pubescent. Leaves crowded, linear, obtuse, rarely above 4 in. long,
thick and nearly terete or very convex underneath and channelled above-
Flowers in the upper axils on yery short thick pedicels. Sepals very short.
Petals about 2 lines long, valvate, glabrous. Stamens not exserted. r
ments glabrous, filiform or slightly flattened, Ovary glabrous, with short,
oblong, terminal appendages to the carpels ; style glabrous. Cocci very
minutely beaked.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 63.

Tasmania. Highest of the Western M i ai
tion of 3500 to 4500 ft., mih SE Arthur's Lake, etc»,

tee

Phebalium.] XXVIII. RUTACER. 339

3. P. lachnoides, 4. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales, 332. A tall heath-like
shrub, glabrous or the branches minutely stellate-pubescent. Leaves crowded,
narrow- linear, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, rarely exceeding 2 in., the margins
revolute, glabrous above, hoary underneath. Flowers on short axillary pedi-
cels, usually crowded near the ends of the branches. Calyx very short.
Petals 2 to 24 lines long, glabrous, valvate. Stamens not exserted ; filaments
filiform, glabrous ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary glabrous, with long termi-
nal appendages to the carpels. Style glabrous.
| N. S. Wales. Barren rocky situations in the Blue Mountains, 4. Cunningham.

4. P. phylicifolium, 7. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 32. A dwarf,
robust, diffuse shrub, glabrous or the branches and under side of the leaves
minutely stellate-pubescent. Leaves crowded, linear, obtuse, under 4 in.
long, the margins revolute. Flowers pale-yellow, usually 2 or 3 together
in shortly pedunculate umbels, all axillary but crowded towards the summit
of the branches. Calyx very short. Petals about 2 lines long, valvate.
Stamens exserted ; filaments filiform, glabrous ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary
pubescent, the terminal appendages of the carpels short and obtuse; style
glabrous. Cocci glabrous, ovate, minutely beaked.—Eriostemon phylicifolius,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105.

Victoria. Summits of the Munyang, Cobberas, Mitta-Mitta, and other mountains, at
an elevation of 4000 to 6000 ft., F. Mueller. In Pl. Vict. i. 128, F. Mueller unites this

with P. dentatum as an alpine variety; but, without having seeu any intermediate speci-
mens, I do not feel justified in eombiuiug two forms so different in habit and foliage, as well

as In some minor characters, `

5. P. dentatum, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xxvii. A tall shrub with elongated
branches, hoary when young with a minute stellate pubescence. ` Leaves
linear, obtuse, mostly 13 to $ in. long, the margins recurved and often
minutely and remotely glandular-toothed, rather coriaceous, glabrous and
smooth above, hoary underneath with a stellate tomentum, the midrib
prominent. Flowers in short umbel-like racemes, axillary and pedunculate,
but always much shorter than the leaves. Pedicels almost glabrous, 2 to 3
lines long. Calyx very small, Petals about 2 lines long, valvate. Longer
Stamens slightly exserted; filaments filiform, glabrous. Disk very small.
Ovary glabrous, Cocci nearly orbicular, shortly beaked. Seeds. black
and shining.— P. salicifolium, A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Par. ii. 134,
t. 12; Eriostemon umbellatus, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 15; F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 104, ;

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others.

— 6. P. Ralstoni, Benth. A tall shrub, perfectly glabrous, the young

branches angular. Leaves narrow-oblong or linear, obtuse and 1
or 2-lobed at the end, 1 to 13 in. long, the margins recurved and entire, nar-
rowed into a short petiole, of a rather firm consistence, pale ve
Flowers green or reddish, 3 to 5 in a terminal shortly peduneulate e
umbel. Calyx small. Petals narrow, valvate, fully 3 lines long, less rta
than in any other species. Stamens much exserted ; filaments eee ei
rous. Ovary glabrous, on a very short broad disk. Cocci short x" etx
With a very short obtuse beak. Seeds smooth.— Zriostemon Ralston, F. Muell,

gm. i1. 101, t. 14. z 2

340 XXVIII. RUTACER, [ Phebalium.

N.S. Wales. Yokawa river, near Twofold Bay, F, Mueller ; foot of Castle Rock
Mountain, Leichhardt.

2. P. bilobum, Lindi. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 178. An elegant
usually divaricately branched shrub, sometimes tall and erect in wet valleys,
glabrous or the young branches minutely stellate-pubescent. Leaves sessile
or nearly so, oblong or lanceolate, sometimes all under $ in., sometimes 1 in.
long or even more, truncate or 2-lobed at the top, the margins often serrate
and recurved or revolute, rounded, narrowed or rarely cordate at the base,
smooth and often shining on both sides, the midrib prominent underneath.
Flowers small, in terminal erect sessile umbels, often on short lateral branches,
rarely apparently axillary by the abortion of the branch. —Pediccls slender, 1
to 3 lines long. Stamens shortly exserted ; filaments filiform. Disk small.
Ovary glabrous, of 2 or 3, rarely 4, carpels. Cocci oval-oblong, beaked.—
P. truncatum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 64, t. 9; Eriostemon serrulatus, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 4; E. Hildebrandi, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 10, aud
Pl. Vict. i. 127 ; Dietr. Fl. Univ. N. Ser. ii. t. 2.

Victoria. Mount William, Mitchell ; Cataracts and rocky rivulets in the Victoria
ranges and Grampians, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Flinders Island, Bass’s Straits, and Schouten Island, E. coast, Gunn;
Mount Gog, Archer.
S. A

australia. Mount Lofty, Whittaker ; sources of the Gawler river, F. Mueller.
In Mitchell’s specimens, the leaves are broad and cordate at the base; in others, from
the same locality, they are rounded or narrowed at the base, as in the generality of the Tas-
manian ones. ‘The Mount Lofty specimens are small, divaricate, with short cordate leaves, as

figured by Dietrich. The pistil is usually 3-merous in Victoria, more frequently 2-merous iu.
Tasmania, but variable in both.

8. P. lamprophyllum, Benth. A densely branched glabrous shrub.
Leaves crowded, oblong-lanceolate, acute, under 4 in. long, entire, coriaceous
and shining, flat or concave, contracted into a very short petiole. Flowers
few, in terminal sessile umbels, with a small but usually leafy bract at the
base of each pedicel, Calyx small. Petals and stamens not seen, Carpels
5, of which 2 or 3 only ripen, ovate, beaked, glabrous. Seeds smooth and
shining.— Eriostemon lamprophyllus, F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 126.

- Victoria, Summit of Mount Ligar, towards the sources of Macalister river, F.
Mueller.

9. P, elatius, Benth. A tall shrub, glabrous or the branches very
minutely pubescent, and usually tubereulate with prominent glands. Leaves
linear-cuneate or oblong, obtuse, 3 to 3 in. long, entire or crenulate, thinly
coriaceous, smooth and shining, narrowed into a very short petiole. Peduncles
2- or more-flowered, terminal or in the uppermost axils, forming short terminal
leafy corymbs or ovate panicles. Calyx very small, Petals valvate, not 2 lines
long. Stamens exserted ; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers small. Ovary
glabrous, on a raised almost stalk-like disk. Cocci obliquely obovate, very
minutely beaked.— Zriostemon elatior, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 181.

N. S. Wales. New England, near Tenterfield, C. Stuart. The species is very
closely allied to the New Zealand P. nudum, Hook., differing chiefly in much smaller
flowers, the calyx-lobes less prominent, the inflorescence not so flat-topped, etc.

10. P. Oldfeldii, F. Muell. Herb. A densely branched shrub, quite
glabrous or the branches pubescent. Leaves narrow-oblong or slightly

Phebalium.) XXVIII. RUTACER. 341

cuneate, very obtuse or retuse, rarely exceeding 4 in., entire, coriaceous, and
often shining, the margins flat or slightly recurved, contracted into a very
short petiole. Flowers few, in short sessile terminal umbels. Sepals small.
Petals and stamens not seen. Carpels 5, glabrous, ovate when ripe, shortly
beaked. Seeds not seen.— Eriostemon Oldfieldii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and
Pl. Vict, i. 125.

Tasmania. At the base of Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield and Stuart. The foliage is, at
first sight, so much like that of Eriostemon virgatus, that the specimens without flowers
first received were mistaken for that plant (Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 358); but even the
leaves may be known by their end much more obtuse or retuse, and never mucronate,

ll. P. rotundifolium, Benth. An erect much-branched shrub, the
young branches minutely pubescent. Leaves crowded, almost imbricate,
small, obovate or orbicular, obtuse or minutely mucronate, mostly 2 to 3 lines
long, flat or concave, coriaceous, glabrous, very shortly petiolate or almost
sessile. Flowers several, in a terminal sessile umbel, almost contracted into
a head iu our specimens, which are not fully out. Sepals small. Petals
valvate, glabrous. Filaments filiform, glabrous. Ovary glabrous, on a very
short disk, the terminal appendages of the carpels very short.—Zriostemon
rotundifolius, A. Cunn., Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 15.

N.S. Wales. Hunter's River, A. Cunningham.

12. P. brachyphyllum, Benth.. A dwarf shrub, with a thick woody
base and numerous branching stems of 2 to 4 in., glabrous or minutely
pubescent. Leaves small, crowded, sessile or nearly so, very spreading,
obovate or orbicular, very obtuse, rarely exceeding 2 lines, thick, coriaceous
and nerveless, very convex. Flowers few (usually 3 to 5), in terminal clusters
or short racemes. Pedicels short. Sepals small. Petals about 1i lines
long, glabrous, valvate. Filaments filiform. Ovary glabrous, on a distinct
stalk-like disk, the terminal appendages of the carpels very short.

-© S. Australia. Encounter Bay and near Coffin Bay, F. Mueller.

= 13. P. diosmeum, 4. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 135, 7. 11.

An erect heath-like shrub, the branches more or less hirsute. Leaves crowded,
linear, obtuse, mostly under à in., the margins revolute, scabrous or sprinkled
with a few hairs. ‘Flowers yellow, numerous, in a sessile terminal head,
intermixed with linear bracts shorter than the calyx. Sepals linear, erect,
pubescent, about half as long as the petals. Petals about 3 lines long,
glabrous, valvate. Stamens exserted; filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers

_didymous. Carpels very short, with the terminal appendages 4 times as long,

glabrous or hairy; style glabrous. Ripe fruit not seen.—P. phylicoides, Sieb.
in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 164; Chorilena angustifolia, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 10; Eriostemon phylicoides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 107, and
Pl. Vict. i. 131. g

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Sieber, n. 110, Fraser, A. Cun-

ningham, and others.
Victoria. Sandy heaths near Mount Imlay, abundant, F. Mueller.

Secr. 2. EurnEBALIUM.—The whole plant, or at least the inflorescence
and calyx, often also the petals and ovary, more or less covered with
Scurfy peltate scales, often fringed at the edge, those of the ovary often

ke

"a

342 XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. [Phebalium.
closely imbricate in one mass. Petals laterally inrbricate or rarely almost
valvate in the bud, with inflexed valvate tips.

14. P. ozothamnoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 31. A rigid
shrub, the branches brown with scurfy scales. Leaves obovate, very obtuse,

: under 3 in. long, the margins recurved, narrowed into a short petiole, thick,

coriaceous, glabrous and shining above when full-grown, white underneath

with scurfy scales mixed with stellate hairs which are also sprinkled on the

upper surface of the young leaves. Flowers few, in small terminal sessile

umbels, like those of P. squamulosum in size and structure as well as in the

scurfy scales.— Eriostemon ozothamnoides, ¥. Muell. Fragm. i. 103.
Victoria. Mitta-Mitta, Cabongra, and Livingstone rivers, F. Mueller.

15. P. obcordatum, 4. Cunn. Herb. A small densely-branched shrub,
silvery-white or hoary with seurfy scales. Leaves distinctly petiolate, either
broadly obeordate and about 1 line long, or in luxuriant specimens broadly
cuneate and attaining 2 lines, very obtuse and emarginate, flat, rather thick,
glabrous above with 2 to 4 large prominent glands, silvery underneath.
Flowers much smaller than in the allied species, few on short pedicels at the
ends of the branches and uppermost axils, forming short terminal leafy co-
rymbs. Structure of the flowers as in P. squamulosum.

N.S. Wales. S.W. of St. George's Range, A. Cunningham.

_> 16. P. glandulosum, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 199. Very closely

allied to some of the smaller much-branched forms of P. squamulosum, with
the same scurfy indumentum, inflorescence, and flowers, and recently united
with that species by F. Mueller (Pl. Vict. i. 130). It appears however to
me to differ sufficiently in the leaves, which are narrowly linear-cuneate, emar-
ginate or almost 2-lobed at the end, with revolute or recurved margins varying
from 2 or 3 lines to 3 in. in length. In the ordinary form also the branches
and leaves are covered with large glandular tubercles.—P. sediflorum, F.
ur in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 30; Hriostemon sediflorus, F. Muell. Fragm.
1, .

Queensland. On the Upper Maranoa, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Eurylean scrub, 4. Cunningham.
Pin Snowy River, Pinch Mountains, and the N.W. desert of the colony, F.

S. Australia. Extending to Lake Torrens, F, Mueller.

Nar. (P) Daviesi. Leaves narrow-linear, broader and emarginate at the end as in the
Fico form, but the glandular tubercles few or none.—P. Daviesi, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 358.

Tasmania. E, coast near St. Helen's Bay, Dari in the flowers I have
examined, has the peltate seurfy scales of the d ee The ovary, in the flo

~ li. P. squamulosum, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 102. An erect shrub,

‘varying in height but never arborescent, the
seurfy scales. Leaves shortly petiol
mucronulate, $ to 14

young branches brown with
` ate, oblong or linear, obtuse but often
in. long, somewhat coriaceous, the margins flat or
slightly recurved, smooth above or slightly glandular-tuberculate, covered un-
derneath with scurfy peltate scales. Flowers yellow, in terminal sessile,
simple or compound umbels or corymbs, not exceeding the last leaves, the
pedicels, calyx, and petals covered with comparatively large scurfy scales.

Phelalium.] XXVIII, RUTACES. 343

Calyx very short, truncate, with minute or short and broad tecth. Petals
barely 2 lines long, slightly imbricate with inflexed valvate tips. Stamens
exserted (1 or 2 occasionally wanting); filaments glabrous; anthers tipped
by a small gland. Ovary densely covered with white or brown scurfy ciliate
scales. Cocci small, broad, obscurely beaked. Seeds scarcely shining.—
DC. Prod. i. 720; A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 132; P. eleage
mifolium, A. Juss. l.c, 132, t. 11; P. aureum, A. Cunn. in Field, N. 8.
Wales, 331, with a figure (the specimens not so stunted as represented in the
plate); Zriostemon lepidotus, Spreng. Syst. ii. 322; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 104,
and Pl. Vict. i, 130,

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 112 (mis-
named P. anceps); Liverpool plains, A. Cunningham ; Clarence river, Becker.

Victoria. Genoa Peak aud river, F. Mueller. : $
Var. alpinum. Diffuse, with crowded more coriaceous leaves, rarely exceeding 3 in,—P,

podocarpoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 31; Eriostemon alpinus, F. Muell. Fragm.
i. 103.—Summits of the Australian Alps at an elevation of 5000 to 6000 ft.

Var. (P) stenophyllum. A small shrub. Leaves small, narrow, with the margins of the
leaves closely revolute so as to be often almost terete.—In the Grampian Mountains and
desert. of the Tattiara country towards the Murray river, F. Muei/er.—This form appears to
me so constantly distinct, as far as our specimens show, that I should have described itasa
Separate species, were it not that F. Mueller includes it without any hesitation in the P.
squamulosum, and I might thus be adding a useless synonym.

18. P. tuberculosum, Benth. An erect shrub, with rigid rather slender
branches, covered with minute scurfy scales and prominent glandular tubercles

asin P. glandulosum. Leaves narrow-linear, obtuse, rarely above } in. long,

the upper surface channelled, glabrous and tubercular, the under side whitish
With scurfy scales, the midrib prominent and the margins sometimes re-
curved. Flowers few, in terminal umbels, scurfy-scaly as well as the pedicels.
Calyx small, the lobes or teeth prominent and usually as long at least as the
tube. Petals broad, nearly 2 lines long, slightly imbricate with inflexed val-
vate tips. Stamens exserted, glabrous; anthers without any conspicuous
gland. Ovary scaly.— Zriostemon tuberculosus, F, Muell. PL Vict. i. 130.

. Australia, 2gerald river, Maxwell. This and the three
following western eran ERU and its allies in the east, are chiefly distin-
Euished from each other by the foliage, and, as a whole, the four western species scarcely
differ in anything but the foliage from the four or five eastern ones, except that the teeth or

lobes of the calyx, small as they are, are more prominent.

19. P. microphyll Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 159. A heath-
like shrub, the Me covered with scurfy scales. Leaves petiolate or
nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-linear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, the margins
revolute, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, and sometimes slightly glan-
dular, white with minute scurfy scales underneath. Flowers few, in sessile
terminal umbels, scurfy-scaly outside as well as the pedicels. Calyx small,
the triangular lobes at least as long as the tube. Petals rather smaller and
hot so broad as in P. tuberculosum, but otherwise the same. Cocci small,
broad, obscurely beaked. ‘

Between Swan River and King George’s Sound, Drummond, 5th Coll.

. Australia.
^. 208, and other unnumbered specimens.
20. P. Drummondii, Berth. A small, elegant, much-branched shrub,

344 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. T Phebalium.

the branches covered with scurfy scalés mixed with a minute stellate pubes-
cence. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, flat,
coriaceous, glabrous and smooth above, silvery-white underneath with scurfy
scales often mixed with a minute pubescence, the midrib not prominent.
Flowers yellow, in terminal sessile umbels shortly exceeding the leaves and of
-the size of those of P. sguamulosum, scurfy-scaly outside as well as the pedi-
.cels. Calyx-lobes triangular or lanceolate, as long as or longer than the tube.
Petals, stamens, and ovary of P. squamulosum.
WV. Australia, Drummond, n. 13.

. 91. P. filifolium, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 159. An erect vir-
gately-branched shrub, hoary all over with minute scurfy scales, or the young
branches rust-coloured. Leaves narrow-linear, almost terete, obtuse, 4 to 1
in. long, whitish and scurfy-sealy on both sides. Flowers few, on rather
-long terminal pedicels. — Calyx-lobes broadly triangular, as long as the tube.
Petals, stamens, and ovary of P. sguamulosum. Cocci broad, marked with
deep transverse wrinkles. :
W. Australia, Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 178; 5th Coll. n. 206; J. S. Roe.

7. 22. P. Billardieri, 4. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 134. An
erect shrub or small tree, the branches angular and clothed with small brown
scurfy scales. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or linear, obtuse or acute, rarely,
under 4 in. and often 3 in., or in very luxuriant specimens 4 or 5 in. long,
entire, coriaceous, flat or with reeutved margins, glabrous above, silvery-white
underneath with minute scales. Flowers in axillary corymbs, shortly pedun-
culate, but always shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels thick and
scaly. Calyx small, lobed. Petals about 2 lines long, glabrous, slightly 1m-
‘bricate, with inflexed valvate tips. Stamens exserted; filaments often hairy
in the lower portion. Ovary glabrous, ` Cocci small, broad, with a very short
beak. Seeds shining —Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. i. 63 ; Eriostemon squamens,
Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 111, t. 141; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 104, and PL Vict.
i. 129; P. retusum, Hook: Journ. Bot. i. 254, and Ic. Pl. t. 57; P. elatum,
A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 331; P. eleagnoides, Sieb. Pl. Exs.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 111, and

others ; northward to Hastings river, Beck/er, and Clarence river, C. Moore ; southward to
Illawara, Backhouse.

Victoria. Damp forest-valléys near Apollo Bay, towards Cape Otway, and near the
sources of the Barwou river, F. Mer ea -

Tasmania. Port Dal le, R. E is iie
woods, J. D. Hooker. alrymple, R. Brown; abundant throughout the colony in damp

; 23. P. argenteum, Sm. i» Rees! Cycl. xxvii. A tall, stout, erect shrub,
/ the younger branches angular and covered with white scurfy scales. Leaves
lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 2 to 3 or sometimes 4 in. long, entire, flat, nar- `
rowed at the base, glabrous on both sides when full grown, sprinkled under-
neath when young with a few scurfy scales. Flowers larger than in most
_ Species, in small axillary or terminal simple or compound cymes, much shorter
-than the leaves, the whole inflorescence as well as the calyx and petals densely
covered with silvery-seurfy scales. Calyx-lobes about as long as the tube.
Petals 23 to near 3 lines long, valvate. Stamens shorter than the petals,
glabrous. Ovary densely scaly. Cocci truncate, with short divergent beaks: .

Phebalium J XXVIII. RUTACER. 345

—P. anceps, DC. Prod. i. 719; A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii.
133, t. 12; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss, i. 171; Zriostemon anceps, Spreng. Syst. ii.
322; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 103.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies, R. Brown, and others; Port Lesche-
nault and Princess Royal Harbour, Preiss, n. 2011; and various localities near the S. coast,
Drummond, Oldfield, and others.

24. P. ovatifolium, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 99. A
compact, much branched, bushy shrub, with much the aspect of the European
Box, the young branches rusty or hoary with scurfy scales. Leaves shortly
petiolate, broadly ovate, very obtuse, rarely exceeding } in. and often smaller,
flat or with slightly recurved thickened margins, coriaceous, smooth and
shining above, hoary or white underneath with scurfy scales. — Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, bearing 2 or 3 small leafy bracts.
Calyx-lobes triangular, with few scurfy scales. Petals nearly 3 lines long,
Without scales (only seen fully expanded). Stamens shorter than the petals,
the filaments slightly dilated. Ovary densely covered with silvery scales.
Cocei very minutely beaked.—Zriostemon ovatifolius, F. Muell. Fragm. i.
103; Pl. Viet. i. 131.

Victoria. Alpine regions of the Munyang mountains and among rocks between Mount
Wellington and Hardinge range towards the sources of Macalister river, F. Mueller.

25. P. rude, Baril. in Pl. Préiss. i. 172. A much-branched bushy
^^ shrub, the young branches white with seurfy scales. Leaves crowded, broadly
cuneate, obcordate or obovate, very obtuse, truncate or shortly 2-lobed, $ in.
long, or less on the flowering branches, twice as long on luxuriant barren shoots,
entire, narrowed at the base, flat, green on both sides or whitish with scurfy
Scales. Peduncles axillary, 1- or very rarely 2-flowered, shorter than the
leaves, covered as well as the calyx and petals with silvery scales. Calyx
small, truncate, with very small teeth. Petals 2 lines long or rather more,
Valvate, Stamens shorter than the petals ; filaments glabrous, dilated at the
base. Ovary scaly. Cocci with a conical beak.—P. bilobum, Bartl. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 172, not Lindley ; Eriostemon bilobus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. ie
w. i ing G S and islands on the S. coast, R. Brown, A. Cun-
s Cg od Miet ; SÉ Hed adem hills, Preiss, x. 2038 and 2039, and
other parts of the S, districts, Drummond, 4th Coll. and 5th Coll. n. 207, and others.

26. P. amblycarpum, Benth. Shrubby, the young branches white
with scurfy scales. Leaves linear-cuneate, very obtuse, not exceeding lim,
notched or sometimes 2-lobed at the top, but otherwise entire, narrowed at
the base, thick, scurfy-scaly when young, green when full grown. Peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, more or less covered as well as
the calyx and petals with scurfy scales. Calyx-teeth very short and broad.
Petals not 2 lines long, valvate or very slightly imbricate, with inflexed val-
vate tips. Stamens shorter than the petals; filaments glabrous. Ovary
almost without scales. Cocci angular at the top, but scarcely beaked.—Zrio-
slemon amblycarpus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 102.

W. Australia. Fitzgerald river, Marwell.

27. P. Baxteri, Benth. A rigid shrub, the young branches white with
scurfy scales. Leaves crowded and clustered in the axils, linear-cuneate, 3 to

D

346 XXVIII. RUTACER, { Phebalium.

8 in. long, much dilated at the summit, with 2 diverging or divaricate lobes,
otherwise entire, rigid, the margins revolute, glandular-scabrous above, scurfy-
scaly underneath. Flowers much larger than in any other Phebalium, on very
short axillary pedicels with 2 or 3 leafy bracts. Calyx-lobes almost as long
as the tube. Petals 4 to 5 lines long, densely scaly outside, lanceolate with
small inflexed tips, but the bud not seen. Longer stamens almost equalling the
petals, filaments flattened, glabrous; anthers minutely apiculate, Ovary
bearing a few scales, Fruit not seen.
W. Australia. S. coast, Barter (Hb. R: Br.).

1. MICROCYBE, Turez.

Sepals 5, small, thin, free or slightly united. Petals 5, slightly imbricate
in the bud. Disk none. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments filiform, glabrous
or ciliate at the base; anthers tipped with a small gland. Carpels 2, dis-
tinct ; styles inserted above the middle and immediately united into one fili-
form style, with a minute stigma. Ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Cocci
2-valved, rounded at the top and not beaked, the endocarp cartilaginous and
separating elastically. Seeds usually solitary.—Heath-like shrubs, glabrous
except scurfy scales on the young branches and under side of the leaves.
Leaves numerous, small. Flowers small, in dense terminal sessile heads,
with small leafy bracts at the base of the outer ones.

The genus is limited to Australia, and might be considered as a section of Phebalium.

A peculiar habit, however, accompanied by a marked difference in the ovary, has induced me
to retain it as a separate genus.

Leaves very spreading, linear, smooth or rough, with small glandular à

tubercles, the upper ones usually exceeding the flower-heads . . . 1. M. paueiftora.
Leaves slightly spreading, linear, with few large prominent transparent ^

glands shorter than the flower-heads . . . . . . . . . . 9. M. multiflora.
Leaves very small, ovate, convex, reflexed, shorter than the small flower- 1

hue . 74.5, , 9 qe ue a TITRE M io.

l. M. pauciflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii. 167. Branches
rigid, hoary or almost tomentose with peltate fringed scales or stellate hairs.
Leaves spreading, linear, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long, the margins revolute, 80
as to be almost terete, coriaceous, glabrous and smooth above, or rough with
very smooth glandular tubercles, the under side scaly-tomentose but usually
concealed. Flower-heads about 3 lines diameter, sessile amongst the upper
leaves, which usually exceed them. Sepals linear-lanceolate, transparent,
small, and easily overlooked. Petals scarcely 13 lines long. Filaments
glabrous or ciliate. Cocci small, rounded at the top, the valves coriaceous,
pitted but not wrinkled, and usually without scales. Seeds tuberculate.— ——
Asterolasia chorilenoides, F. Muell. Trans. Vict. Inst.i.116; Eriostemon ca- —
pitatus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 106.

S. Australia. Seacoast near Lake Hamilton, Wilhelmi ; Venus Bay, Warburton.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 209 ; King George's Sound, 4. Cunning-
ham ; E. Mount Barren, Herb. Mueller.

2. M. multiflora, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 166. Glabrous, oF
the young branches slightly scaly. Leaves linear, obtuse, rarely exceeding
2 lines, the margins revolute so as to conceal the under surface, coriaceous,

Microcybe.} XXVII. RUTACER. 347

almost shining, with 6 to 8 large prominent glandular tubercles. Flower-

heads rather larger than in M. pauciflora. Sepals linear-spathulate. Petals

nearly 2 lines long. Filaments glabrous. Cocci rounded as in M. pauciflora,

but reticulate, and often retaining the scales of the ovary. Seeds reticulate.
W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 211.

3. M. albiflora, Tore, in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 167. Smaller than the .
other two species; the young branches scaly. Leaves ovate, obtuse, seldom
above l line long, reflexed, convex, coriaceous, marked with a few large
prominent transparent glands, the upper ones shorter than the flowers.

wer-heads mostly of only 3 or 4 small flowers. Sepals lanceolate, trans-
parent, united to the middle, according to Turezaninow, but free or nearly
80 m our specimens. Petals scarcely J line long, slightly scaly outside.
Ovary less scaly than in the other species. Fruit not seen.

w. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 210.

8. GELEZNOWIA, Turcz.
(Sandfordia, Drumm.)
Sepals 5, large, petal-like, imbricate, exceeding the petals. Petals 5, ob-

long, imbricate in the bud. Disk inconspicuous. Stameus 10, shorter than

the petals; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers not apiculate. Carpels 5,
distinct or nearly so; styles inserted near the summit, immediately united
Into one filiform style, with a peltate obscurely lobed stigma. Ovules 2,
Superposed. Cocci 2-valved, not beaked.— Rigid, usually glaucous shrubs.

Ves alternate, small, rigid, crowded or almost imbricate. Flowers 1 to 3
together, sessile at the ends of the branches, remarkable for the large, leafy
or petal-like bracts and sepals, exceeding the leaves.

„The genus is limited to Australia, and in common with several others united by F. Mueller
with Eriostemon, but the peculiar habit, large calyx, and insertion of the styles appear to me
Sufficient to retain it as a genus.

Sepals oblong, not much exceeding the petals.

Carpels of the fruit rounded at the top, not longer than broad . . 1. G. verrucosa.

e Carpels of the fruit narrowed at the top, fully twice as long as broad 2. G. macrocarpa. S
epals broadly ovate or orbicular, the petals much shorter. Carpels :

ES NEAL. ee a x 4 eh. 89, Me. Oe SUUM.

l. G. verrucosa, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 13. A bushy, rigid,
glabrous, often glaucous shrub. Leaves crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse,
rarely exceeding 2 lines, thick, flat or concave above, convex underneath, and
tubereulate with large prominent glands, a few of the upper leaves passing

T di sepal-like bracts. Sepals not 4 lines long, narrower than in G. calycina,

€ petals nearly as long, and both more or less glandular-warted outside.
Ovary covered with minutely ciliate wart-like scales, Style elongated. Cocci
(not yet quite ripe) not half so long as the petals, as broad as long, rounded
at the top.—Eriostemon Geleznowii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 107.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 8. Some specimens from Sharks Bay, Denham,
"ice rk Hartog’s Island, Milne, appear to belong to the same species, but they are not in

2. G. macrocarpa, Benth. From the fragmentary specimens we pos-
Sess, this appears to be nearly allied to G. verrucosa, with similar small leaves,

348 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Gelecnowia.

except that they are not so thick. Flowers large, the sepals narrow as in

G. verrucosa, but attaining 4 in. Petals nearly 5 lines. Cocci (not yet fully

ripe) more than twice as long as broad, narrowed at the top, attaining about .

3 lines, covered upwards with wart-like glands.
WV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield.

3. G. calycina, Benth. Rigid and erect, glaucous, and often turning
yellow in drying, glabrous, or with a few hairs under the flowers. Leaves
erowded, obovate or oblong, obtuse, in some specimens 2 to 3 lines long, in
others attaining 4 in., the uppermost passing into sepal-like bracts. Sepals
broadly ovate or almost orbicular, attaining 4 or 5 lines. Petals very much
shorter and narrower. Ovary covered with wart-like scales. Style rather short.
Cocci (not yet quite ripe) not half so long as the petals, as broad as long,
rounded at the top.—Sandfordia calycina, Drumm. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 54 ;
Lriostemon Sandfordii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 107.

W. Australia. Sand plains, Hill river, and S. of the Irwin, Drummond ; Murchison
river, Oldfield.

9. PHILOTHECA, Rudge.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbrieate in the bud. Disk slightly lobed.
Stamens 10, shorter than the petals; filaments united into a glabrous tube
at the base, free upwards, and very hairy ; anthers oblong, all perfect, minutely
apiculate. Carpels 5, nearly distinct from the base; styles inserted below the
middle, and immediately united in a single style, hirsute in the middle;
stigma small. Ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed. Cocci truncate, 2-valved,
the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. — Erect, heath-like
shrubs, glabrous, or nearly so. Leaves crowded, alternate, narrow-linear.
Flowers terminal, nearly sessile, solitary or two or three together.

A genus entirely Australian, differing from Eriostemon, with which F. Mueller unites it,
only in the monadelphous stamens.

Leaves obtuse, mostly under $ lines long. e a . . . sso. 1l. P. aurato, —
, Leaves acute, mostly above 3 lines long . . . . . . . . 2. P. Reichenbachiana.

3 1. P. australis, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 298, t. 21. Glabrous
or sprinkled with a minute pubescence: Leaves numerous, linear, obtuse,
rarely exceeding 3. lines, rather thick, flat or channelled above, very convex
underneath, or almost terete. Flowers usually solitary, but sometimes 2 or
3 together. Sepals small, broadly triangular. Petals 3 or 4 lines long;
broadly lanceolate, minutely hoary-pubescent on both sides, except a .

glabrous central line outside. Stamens rather shorter than the petals. Cocot `

shortly beaked.—Eriostemon salsolifolius, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xiii. a
N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n

: / d others. z
. Var. parviflora. Leaves more ciliate, Flowers Wih smaller: the petals scarcely 23
nes long.— P. ciliata, Hook. in Mitch, Trop. Austr. 347, 3

Queensland. Near Mount Faraday, Mitchell.

2. P. Reichenbachiana, Sied. ; Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 253. Very
near P. australis, with which F. Mueller proposes to unite it, but the leaves
always appear to be acute and longer, although rarely exceeding > in., th
point sometimes quite pungent. Flowers usually larger than in P. australis, -

K e E Reg Ph UBL

Philotheca.] XXVIII, RUTACER, 349

and the hairs of the’ upper part of the filaments so long and dense as com-
pletely to cover the anthers.—Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 200 (incorrect as to `
carpological details); P. longifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1849, ii. 16.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 308, and others; in the interior to
the northward of Bathurst, A. Cunningham.

P. Gaudichaudi, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 792, from N. S. Wales, i$ not described so as to
be recognizable,

10. DRUMMONDITA, Harv.

Sepals 5, short. Petals 5, erect, concave, imbricate in the bud. Disk
fleshy, 5-lobed. Stamens 10, the filaments united into a long hairy tube, free
at the top, 5 longer ones without anthers, plumose with long hairs, 5 shorter
ones bearing anthers bearded on the back, acute at the top. Carpels 5,
glabrous, free from the base; styles inserted near their summit, and imme-
diately united into one filiform style; stigma capitate. Fruit unknown.—
Shrub with heath-like leaves, and solitary terminal yellowish flowers.

The genus is limited to a single species, and appears from the character to differ from
Philotheca only in the abortion of half the anthers. The only specimen, however, which I
have seen, is a mere fragment insufficient. for proper examination, and 1 am therefore un-
willing to make any change without further information.

, l D. ericoides, Harv. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 53. An erect, branch-
mg, heath-like shrub. Leaves crowded, linear, semiterete, channelled above,
ciliolate, with a large terminal gland, and sprinkled with black glandular dots.
lowers terminal, solitary, erect, almost sessile. , Petals yellowish, green at
the extremity. Staminal tube longer than the petals, white-tomentose out-
side, purple above the middle, sparingly pubescent inside.
W. Australia. Near the summit of White Peak, J. Drummond.

1l. ASTEROLASIA, F. Muell.

(Urocarpus, Drumm.)

Calyx very minute or obsolete. Petals 5, tomentose outside, valvate and
usually induplicate in the bud. Disk none. Stamens 10 or mere, free, fila-
ments filiform, glabrous or very slightly ciliate, anthers not apiculate. Carpels
2 to 5, united to the middle, or nearly to the top, into a single shortly-lobed
or truncate ovary of 2 to 5 cells. Style inserted between the lobes, filiform,
with a large reflexed peltate or deeply-lobed stigma. Cocci tardily separating,
truncate, and often beaked, 2-valved ; endocarp cartilaginous, separating elas-

y.—Shrubs or undershrubs, more or less stellate-tomentose, or, in one
ies, the tomentum united into scurfy scales. Leaves alternate, simple,
ers sessile or pedicellate, axillary or terminal, solitary or few together.

The genus is limited to" Australia, and, with several of the preceding ones, has been re-
cently united with Eriostemon by F, Mueller; but the union of the carpels, more complete
than in the exceptional Zriostemon trachyphyllus, the large retlexed stigma, the ty dif-

duction or abortion of the calyx, and the æstivation of the petals, are accompani
ferences in habit, which seem fully to justify the maintenance of the genus. A have -now

Urocarpus, Drumm., as a section, for, on a detailed examination of all t d aro
the differences are reduced to the number of carpels of the ovary, which is variable. The
oe tendency to an increase in the usual number of stamens is observable in some species

sections,

350 XXVII. RUTACER. [ Asterolasia.

‘Sect. 1, Euasterolasia.— Ovary 5-merous.
` Stigma reflexed-peltate, scarcely lobed. Ovary with 5 erect lobes.

Flowers pedicellate.
Leaves ovate to lanceolate, 1 to 2 in., glabrous and smoBth :
UNE hol Me es ni as t cial EHE
Leaves obovate to narrow-oblong, rarely above 1 in., rough
above with stellate hairs . . . . . . . H 4. Mueller.
Flowers sessile. Leaves obovate, coriaceous, glabrous above . 8. A. ducifolia.

Stigma with 5 distinct reflexed lobes. Ovary truncate, searcely
lobed, slightly depressed in the centre,
Leaves flat, obovate-oblong or lanceolate, $ to 14 in., tomentose ;
on both sides. Flowers shortly pedicellate . . . . . . 4. 4. mollis.
Leaves under 4 in. Flowers sessile.
Leaves obovate or cuneate, flat or concave, tomentose on both
vie Le ee Se SLT DIOE udpSE Qo A MUCH
Leaves ovate or obloug, the margins revolute, glabrous above
Sect. 2. Urocarpus.— Ovary 2-3-merous.
Indumeutum scaly. Ovary divided to the middle. Leaves oblong 7. 4. squamuligera.
Indumentum of stellate hairs. Leaves mostly ovate.
‘Stamens 10 to 15. Ovary usually 2-merous.

HER pleurandroides.
. A, trymalioides.

Ca ot

Ovary with 2 erect lobes . . . . . s.s s. B. A pallida. s
Ovary truncate, not lobed `. . . . . . . ee es 9. A. phebalioides.
Stamens above 20. Ovary usually 3-merous . . . . + . 10. 4. grandiflora.

SECTION l. EvasteroLasia.—Ovary 5-merous.

1, A. correifolia, Benth. A tall shrub, the branches densely tomen-
tose. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, mostly 1 to 2 m.
long, flat, glabrous and smooth above, softly velvety-tomentose underneath.
Flowers (white?) on short pedicels, in axillary or terminal clusters. Calyx
exceedingly minute, concealed under the stellate hairs. Petals about 2} lines
long, valvate and slightly induplicate, tomentose outside. Stamens 10.
Ovary densely tomentose, with 5 short, erect lobes. Stigma large, reflexed-
peltate, scarcely lobed. Cocci small, truncate, with incurved beaks on their
outer angle.—Phebalium correafolium, A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.
Par. ii. 130, t. 10; P. ovatum, Sieb. Pl. Exs.; Eriostemon correjfolius
(partly), F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105; Pl. Vict. i. 132. a

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 113, A. Cunningham ; Paramatta,
Woolls. m_m

2. A. Muelleri, Benth. A low shrub, allied to 4. correjfolia, with
which F. Mueller now unites it, but from the specimens I have seen it ap-
pears to me better to consider it as a distinct species, as he originally pro-
posed. Leaves petiolate, from obovate to narrow-oblong, very obtuse, rarely
exceeding l in. when very luxuriant, and often much smaller, flat, na
at the base, rough above with scattered stellate hairs, densely tomentose
underneath. Flowers of 4. correifolia, but the pedicels usually longer, and
the calyx rather more conspicuous. Cocci truncate as in that species,
the heads much more horizontally divaricate. —Phebalium asteriscophorum,
F. Muell in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 31; Briostemon correifolius (partly), F
Muell. Fragm. i. 105, and Pl. Vict. i. 132.

Victoria. Ravines of Buffalo mountains, á Disappointment,
PM, Buffalo river, and Mount ppot

Asterolasia. | XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. 351

3. A. buxifolia, Benth. A rigid shrub of several feet, the young branches
densely tomentose. Leaves petiolate, from obovate to oblong-cuneate, very
obtuse, mostly about 4 in. long; the margins slightly recurved, narrowed
at the base, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, white underneath with a
short dense tomentum. Flowers terminal or axillary, sessile within 3 or 4

. ovate concave leafy bracts, assuming the appearance of sepals. Calyx entirely

obsolete. Petals 23 to nearly 3 lines long, tomentose outside. Stamens

often 2 or 3 more than 10. Ovary glabrous, with 5 short erect lobes. Stigma

large, reflexed-peltate, slightly lobed at the edge. Cocci glabrous, with shortly

divaricate obtusely triangular beaks. —Phebalium bueifolium, A. Cunn. Herb.
N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, 4. and R. Cunningham.

4. A. mollis, Benih. An erect spreading shrub, softly tomentose, with
stellate spreading hairs. Leaves petiolate, from obovate to oblong or lanceo-
late, obtuse, 2 to 1i in. long, flat, tomentose on both sides. Flowers shortly
pedicellate, few together in terminal or rarely axillary clusters. Sepals small,
lanceolate, closely appressed, so as to be almost concealed under the dense
tomentum of the petals. Petals about 3 lines long. Ovary densely stellate-

- tomentose, rounded at the top, and slightly depressed in the centre, where

the styles are inserted. Stigma large, reflexed, 5-lobed. Fruit not seen.—
Phebalium hevapetalum, A. Juss. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. ii. 131, t. 11.

N. S. Wales, Gaudichaud. Arbuthuot’s Range in the N.W. interior, Fraser. The
flowers on Gaudichaud's specimen are very few, and one is certainly 5-merous; it is there-
fore probably by accident only that those examined by Jussieu were 6-merous.

5. A. pleurandroides, F. Muell. A low rigid shrub, densely tomen-
tose or almost woolly. Leaves crowded, obcordate, spathulate or oblong-
cuneate, very obtuse or truncate, rarely exceeding 4 lines, thick, flat or con-
Cave, stellate-hairy on both sides. Flowers yellow, closely sessile, solitary,
terminal, although from the shortness of the branches they often appear
axillary. Calyx none, unless it be represented by 3 or 4 upper smaller leaves,
Which appear to alternate with the petals. Petals induplicate-valvate, about
4 lines long, tomentose outside. Stamens 10. Ovary densely stellate-hir-
sute, truncate, scarcely depressed in the centre where the styles are attached.
Stigma deeply divided into thick, linear, recurved, densely papillose lobes.
Cocci tomentose, not beaked.—.4. phebalivides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soe.
Viet. i. 10; Zriostemon pleurandroides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 106, and PI.
Vict. i. 133.

Victoria. Ari Serra and Victoria ranges, F. Mueller. I
have adopted F, em unge Zë name from phebalioides to pleurandroides,
» the latter is much more appropriate, and the former would clash with Urocarpus
lioides, Drumm., now transferred to Asterolasia. piss

6. A. trymalioides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 10.
low rigid shrub, the "CH densely tomentose. Leaves ovate obovate or
oblong, very obtuse, mostly 2 to 4 lines long, the margins much revolute,
coriaceous, glabrous and shining above when full-grown, tomentose under-
neath. Flowers yellow, sessile, terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together, with 2
Small bracts at their base. Calyx very small, with thin almost transparent
ovate lobes. Petals induplicate-valvate in the bud, spreading, and attaining
about 3 lines, Stamens 10. Ovary tomentose, truncate, slightly depressed

352 XXVIII. RUTACER, C Asterolasia.

in the centre where the styles are inserted. Stigma deeply divided into oblong,
reflexed, densely papillose lobes. Cocci tomentose, truncate, not beaked.
Seeds smooth and shining.— Zriostemon tryinalioides, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 106,
and Pl. Vict. i. 134.

N. S. Wales. Mount Kosciusko, F. Mueller.

Victoria. On the highest summits of the Australian Alps, not descending below 5000 `
ft. elevation, F. Mueller.

Section 2. Unocanrus.—Ovary 2- or 3-merous,

1. A. squamuligera, Benth, A weak shrub or undershrub, the younger
branches covered with minute scurfy scales, often fringed with short rigid hairs.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3 to near 1 in. long, rather thick, nerveless,
narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers few, in terminal umbels, surrounded
by short coloured bracts, with occasionally 1 or 2 longer leafy ones. Pedicels
slender, rarely exceeding 4 in. Calyx very minute. Petals narrow-ovate, 4
to 34 lines long. Stamens 10. Ovary of 2 or rarely 3 carpels, forming erect
lobes, narrowed upwards, covered with scurfy scales. Stigma divided into 2
or 3 large reflexed lobes. Cocci, when young, obtusely acuminate and erect,
but not seen ripe.—Phebalium squamuligerum, Hook. Te. Pl. t. 727; Erio-
stemon Hookeri, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 104. ;

` W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George's Sound, Drummond.

8. A. pallida, Benth. Branches weak, almost herbaceous, clothed with
stellate hairs, sometimes slightly united into scales. Leaves distinctly petio-
late, ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, 3 to 5 lines long, flat, sprinkled above
and more densely covered underneath with stellate hairs. Pedicels l-flowered,
axillary and solitary, or several together in terminal umbels, with small or leafy
bracts at their base. Petals 2 to 24 lines long, induplicate-valvate, the part
exposed in the bud stellate-tomentose. Stamens 10 to 15. Ovary densely
stellate-hairy, consisting of 2 carpels, with 2 short erect lobes, between which
the styles are inserted. Cocci beaked, the conical beaks remaining erect for
some time after the flowering is over, becoming somewhat lengthened and di-
varicate at the fruit ripens.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 42 and 112,

9. A. phebalioides, Benth. Branches elongated, often appearing gla-
brous, but really clothed with a minute stellate pubescence. Garg on rather
long petioles, orbicular, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly under } in. long,
rarely 4 in. Pedicels slender, either in terminal umbels soon becoming lateral,
or 2 or 3 together in the upper axils. Flowers as in Z. pallida, at least when
fully out. Ovary stellate-hairy, truncate and not lobed, the 2 carpels united
at the top, and retaining the shape for some time after flowering, the outer
angles at length growing out into long horizontally diverging beaks.— Uro-
carpus phebalioides, Drumm. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 55: Eriostemon Drum-
mondii, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105. ;

WV. Australia. Mount Lesueur, Drummond.
10. A. grandiflora, Benth. Branches rather slender, clothed with

short stellate hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, mostly
under j in. long, the margins recurved, the midrib prominent underneath,

Asterolasia. | XXVIII. RUTACER. 353

sprinkled above and more densely clothed underneath with short stellate
hairs. Pedicels terminal, usually several together, with short ovate, coloured
or leafy bracts at their base. Petals induplicate-valvate, tomentose outside,
. not large when first expanded, but attaining at length 5 or 6 lines. Stamens
. 20 to 25. Ovary densely stellate-hairy, with 3 short erect lobes. Fruit not

p. seen.— Phebalium grandiflorum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 124 ; Eriostemon grandiflorus,
| F. Muell. Fragm. i. 105.
W. Australia, Drummond.

12. CORREA, Sm.

E ; (Didymeria, Lindi.)

. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate and 4- or 8-toothed, or 4-lobed. Petals 4, val-
Yate, connate in a cylindrical or campanulate tube, sometimes separating as the
flower expands, spreading at the top. Disk shortly lobed. Stamens 8, free;
- anthers without appendages. Ovary of 4 carpels nearly distinct from the base ;
Styles inserted above the middle, and immediately united into one filiform
style, with a small often shortly 4-lobed stigma; ovules 2 in each carpel, su-
Perposed. Cocci 4, truncate, 2-valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and sepa-
rating elastically.—Shrubs or rarely small trees, stellate-tomentose or rarely
glabrous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, simple. Flowers rather large and
showy, red yellow white or green, usually pendulous, solitary or 2 or 3 to-
gether, axillary or terminal. Petals usually mealy-tomentose outside.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Petals free after the flower is expanded. e
Calyx with 4 lanceolate teeth as long as the tube. Filaments di-

ANREDE o0. ee DE ee
Calyx truncate, with 4 minute teeth. Filaments filiform or scarcely
dilated . Dog oc y ACE a

Petals connate or cohering till they fall off.
yx truncate, with 4 minute or very broad teeth. , :
Four of the filaments dilated below the middle . e a T. 3. C. speciosa,
Filaments all equally filiform or scarcely dilated . . . A C. Lawrenciana.
Calyx with 4 short broad and 4 longer filiform teeth . . . . 5. C. decumbens.

1. C. æmula, 7. Muell. Fragm. i. 3, and Pl. Vict. i. 139, t. T. A tall
Shrub, with ume dn branches, Keck or tomentose with stellate often sti-
Pitate hairs, ^ Leaves shortly petiolate, orbicular, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
Tse, rarely exceeding 1 in., except in luxuriant barren shoots, often slightly
| cordate, scabrous above, densely tomentose underneath. ` Pedicels axillary,

. I -fowered, slender, bearing a pair of small orbicular leafy bracts near the
E2356 and 2 smaller subulate ones higher up. Flowers pendulous, dull-green

. 9r purple. Calyx sprinkled with stellate hairs, the lobes lanceolate acumi-
. Mate, usually as long or longer than the tube. Petals linear, about 1 in. long,
. fohering when young, but separating as the flower expands. Filaments di-
lated and oblong near the base, filiform upwards. Ovary densely hirsute.
Style glabrous.— Didymeria emula, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 198.

. Victoria, Stony shady declivities of the Serra and Victoria ranges, F. Mueller, and

Previously gathered by Mitchell in the same district.

s. Rocky glens of the Barossa ranges and mountains near Encounter Bay,

YOL t Qa

354 XXVIII. RUTACEX. [Correa. |

A. Cunningham’s fruiting specimen, referred here by Lindley, appears to be rather the C.
ciosa, with the calyx accidentally split up.

spe ‘
B: 2, C. alba, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 18. A compact much-branched shrub, -
rarely above 3 or 4 ft. high, and often much lower, the branches clothed with
a hoary or rusty tomentum, either close or almost floccose. Leaves from or-
bicular to ovate obovate or elliptical, very obtuse, 4 to 1 in. long or rarely
more, coriaceous, slightly tomentose or at length glabrous above, densely to-
mentose underneath. Pedicels terminal, very short, solitary or 2 or 3 toge-
ther. Flowers white or pink. Calyx tomentose, truncate, with 4 very small
teeth. Petals tomentose outside, not exceeding } in., free from their first
opening, but connivent in a more bell-shaped and less elongated corolla than
the other species. Filaments equally filiform or scarcely dilated.— V ent. Jard.
Malm. t. 13; DC. Prod. i. 719; Bot. Reg. t, 515; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i.
135; C. cotinifolia, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 100; Mazeutoxeron rufum, Labill.
Voy. ii. 12, t. 17 ; C. rufa, Vent. Jard. Malm. in note to t. 13; Labill. Pl.
Nov. Holl ii. 120; DC. Prod. i. 719; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 61. 1
Victoria. Frequent along the sandy or rocky seashore, R. Brown, P. Mueller. * 3
Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundant, especially near the coast, J. D. Hooker. 1
S. Australia. On the coast, extending to St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Kangaroo
Island, Waterhouse.
Var. rotundifolia. Densely hirsute. Leaves small and broad. Flowers sessile, terminal
or in the forks of the upper branches.—C. rotundifolia, Lindl, in Mitch. Three Exped. ii.
219.—Near the Glenelg, Mitchell; apparently not uncommon along the coast of Victoria
and S. Australia. -
| 3. C. speciosa, 4it. Epit. Hort. Kew. 366. A shrub, variable in size —
and habit, usually rigid and low, and rarely exceeding 6 to 8 ft., the stellate
tomentum very variable, usually loose and abundant on the branches or some- — —
times on the whole plant, dense and soft on the under side of the leaves, dis-
appearing on the upper surface or sometimes on the whole plant, except the
peduncles and flowers. Leaves very shortly petiolate, from broadly ovate or ——
cordate to narrow-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or retuse, usually from to `
1j in. long, rarely all under 1 in., or the larger ones attaining 2 in. Flowers ` `
red, varying to white or yellowish-green, terminal, shortly pedicellate and —
pendulous, or a few rarely erect, solitary or 2 or 3 together. Calyx hoary oT.
rusty-tomentose, truncate, with 4 minute teeth. Petals hoary-tomentose o:
side, united the greater part of their length into a cylindrical or slightly cam- — |
panulate corolla of 2 to 14 in., with 4 spreading lobes. Stamens exserted, —
the filaments of those opposite the petals more or less dilated below the mid-
dle.—DC. Prod. i. 719; F. Muell. PL Vict. i. 136. (di
N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 238 and, and others ; north-
n

ward and southward to the limits of the colony, apparently not extending inland far beyond E |

the Blue Mountains.

Victoria. Not rare in heathy and barren rocky localities, not ascending to alpine de:
vations ; known to the colonists as Native Fuchsia, F. Mueller.

Tasmania, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the colony, J. D. Hooker.

s. Australia. From the Great Australian Bight to Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Maclean. Ser

I follow F. Mueller in uniting under one name all Correas with a truncate 4-toothed calyx, S
united petals, and 4 of the filaments dilated. At the same time, although the following `
races may occasionally be found to pass one into another, yet they appear generally so dis-
tinet, that I fecl some hesitation in refusing to recognize them as species. ge

Correa.) XXVIII. RUTACER. 355

a. normalis. Branches loosely and copiously tomentose, sometimes almost woolly or
very hirsute. Leaves mostly cordate-ovate, rarely narrow, convex or bullate, with recurved
and sometimes undulate or crisped margins, glabrous scabrous or loosely tomentose above,
densely tomentose or woolly underneath. Flowers usually elongated, cylindrical.— C. spe-
cosa, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 653; Bot. Reg. t. 26; Bot. Mag. t. 1746 (flowers more erect than
E I have ever seen them) ; C. rubra, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 26 ` Antomarchia rubra, Colla, Hort.

Ripul App. ii. 345; C. cordifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 233; C. virens, Sm.
Exot. Bot. ii. 25, t, 72; Bot. Reg. t.3; Bot. Mag. t. 1901 ; C. viridiflora, Andr. Bot. Rep.
t 436; Bonpl. Jard. Malm. 33, t. 12 (the last 2 names referring to a green-flowered va-
riety); C. cardinalis, F. Muell. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4912 (a narrow-leaved variety).—N.
S. Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania.

b. Backhousiana. Branches rather closely tomentose. Leaves ovate or oblong, scarcely
oF not at all cordate, coriaceous, flat, glabrous above, closely but usually densely tomentose
underneath. Flowers nearly cylindrical, above 1 in. long.—C. Backhousiana, Hook. Journ.
Pot. i. 253, and Ic. Pl. t. 2; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 61; Mazeutoreron reflexum, Labill. -
Voy. ii. 66, t. 19; C. reflexa, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 120.—N. coast of Tasmania and is-
lands of Bass’s Straits.

€. leucoclada. Branches closely and often minutely tomentose. Leaves small, ovate or
oblong, uot cordate, coriaceous, flat, glabrous above, closely and often minutely tomentose
underneath. Flowers generally under 1 in., and more campanulate than in the preceding
varieties, — (C, leucoclada, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 39.—N. S. Wales (Mount Aiton,

« Cunningham) and Victoria. : ay

d. glabra. Leaves ovate or oblong, small, flat, glabrous on both sides as well as the

ches. Flowers of the var. Zeucoclada or rather longer.—C. glabra, Lindl. in Mitch.
Three Exped. ii. 48; C. Schlechtendahlii, Behr, in Linnea, xx. 630.—Victoria and S. Ans-
tralia, and the single W, Australian specimen. C. pulchella, Sw. Fl. Austral. t. 1, belongs
ovably to this variety; the leaves were found to be sprinkled with stellate (fasciculate)

rs when young, glabrous with age. ; j P

species, being highly ornamental, has long been cultivated in British gardens, and nu-

merous garden varieties, hybrids and crosses, have been raised, amongst which the following
have been figured as species :—C. pulchella, Mackay ; Bot. Reg. t. 1224 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4029 ;
Maund, Botanist, t, 152; C. Zongiflora, Daat, Mag. Bot. vii. 195; C. Harrisii, Paxt. Mag.
Bot. vii. 79; C. bicolor, Paxt. Mag. Bot. ix. 267.
J 4. C. Lawrenciana, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 954. A shrub, usually tall
and rather slender, sometimes growing into a small tree; branches more or
less tomentose. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to oblong, obtuse, in some spe-
“mens $ to 1 in. in others 1 to 2 in. long or even larger, flat, coriaceous,
glabrous above, tomentose underneath. Flowers 1 to 3 together, axillary or
terminal, shortly pedicellate and pendulous. Calyx tomentose, truncate with
4 small teeth. Petals tomentose outside, united the greater part of their length
Into a cylindrical corolla of 4 to 1 in., the lobes usually shorter and more obtuse

n in C, speciosa. Stamens exserted ; filaments all filiform from the base or
equally and very slightly dilated.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 61; F. Muell. PI. Viet.
1138; C. ferruginea, Backh. in Ross, Hobart. Alm. ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.276, and Ic. Pl. 43; Maund, Botanist, t. 124 (a large-leaved variety); C.
Latrobeana, Y. Muell. in Dietr. Fl. Univ. N. Ser. t. 11 (a still larger form).
Victoria. In subalpine situations, descending along rivulets and torrents to 1000 ft.
elevation, F. Mueller. |

"Ars ia. Derwent river, R. Brown ; abundant Cheope een D. ef

n foliage this species can scarcely be distinguished from some forms of C. speciosa, var.

fiapthoustana, but it is always reallly: Sinise filaments all similar and scarcely percep-

y dilated, p vr
- Var. glabra, ‘Leaves narrow, oblong, lanceolate or almost linear, glabrous on both sides

KS as the brauches. Derwent ton, R. Brown, and in some other Tasmanian collec-

2a 2

356 XXVIII. RUTACEJE. ( Correa.

5. C. decumbens, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 30, and PI.
Vict. i. 187. A decumbent shrub with ascending branches, densely stellate-
tomentose. Leaves oblong, from almost ovate to linear, obtuse, mostly 1 to
14 in. long, coriaceous, nearly glabrous above, densely tomentose underneath.
Flowers terminal, solitary, shortly pedicellate, usually pendulous. Calyx to-
mentose, with 4 lobes opposite the. petals, triangular or lanceolate, rather
longer than the tube, and 4 lobes alternating with them, subulate and nearly
twice as long. Petals tomentose outside, united the greater part of their length
into a nearly cylindrical corolla of $ to lin. Stamens exserted, the filaments
all slightly dilated below the middle.

S. Australia. Lofty Range and Onkaparinga river, F. Mueller; Kangaroo Island,
Waterhouse. e

13. NEMATOLEPIS, Turcz.
(Symphyopetalum, Drumm.)

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, valvate, united the greater part of their
length in a cylindrical tube, spreading at the top. Disk small, crenate. Sta-
mens 10; filaments slightly dilated at the base into an adnate scale fringed
with long hairs; anthers not apiculate. Ovary of 5 distinct carpels, the styles
inserted below the middle, and immediately united into one filiform style with
a minute stigma; ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed. Cocci truncate, 2-
valved, the endocarp cartilaginous and separating elastically. —A shrub, clothed
with peltate scurfy scales. Leaves simple, alternate. Flowers axillary.

The genus consists of a single species, limited to W. Australia, allied to Correa in the
united petals, to Chorilena in the stamens, and to PAe£a/ium in habit and indumentum.

.l. N. phebalioides, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 158. — An erect,
rigid, bushy shrub, the young branches, under side of the leaves, and pedicels
covered with silvery scurfy scales. Leaves ovate or oblong, very obtuse,
mostly under $ in., but ceeasionally 2 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous above,
with more or less prominent tubercular glands. Pedicels short, axillary, re-
curved, l-flowered. Sepals short, orbieular, almost cordate, smooth or
sprinkled with a few scales. Corolla glabrous, 4 to 4 in. long. The scale of
the filaments forms a slight prominence inside, terminating the dilated base,
and fringed with long hairs.—Symphyopetalum correoides, Drumm. in Hook.
Kew Journ. vii. 54.

W. Australia. Near Middle Mount Barren, Drummond; Point Henry, Oldfield.

14. CHORILZENA, Endl.

Flowers collected in dense pendulous cymes or heads, surrounded by a few
subulate bracts. Sepals 5. Petals Eiter narrow, valvate or usi so.
Disk small, shortly lobed. Stamens 10, much exserted ; filaments dilated at
the base into an adnate scale, fringed with long hairs; anthers not apiculate.
Ovary of 5 distinct carpels ; styles inserted below the middle, and immedi- —
ately united into 1 filiform style, with a small obscurely 5-lobed stigma; —
ovules in each carpel 2, superposed. Cocci truncate; endocarp cartilaginous, —
separating elastically.—Shrubs, with the habit of some TAomasias, hispid ®

Chorilena.] XXVIII. RUTACEX. 357

tomentose with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, sinuate-lobed. Flower-cymes
pedunculate, axillary.
A genus limited to W. Australia, approaching Diplolena in inflorescence, Nematolepis

ied bearded appendage of the filaments, and connected with Phebalium through P.
toni.

Leaves at length glabrous above, densely and softly tomentose under-

"EM. Beabhloedee c 26. 9 09 Oe EEN quercifolia.
Leaves loosely stellate-hirsute. Sepals filiform . . . Roca uu mne ors

l. C. quercifolia, Endl. i» Hueg. Enum.17. A tall shrub, the branches
densely clothed with a soft close or velvety tomentum, often assuming a
golden colour. Leaves petiolate, ovate, very obtuse, mostly 13 to 3 in. long,
sinuately lobed or broadly pinnatifid, somewhat coriaceous, the upper surface
sprinkled when young with a slight stellate pubescence, glabrous when full
grown, the under side densely and softly velvety-tomentose. _ Peduncles re-
curved, scarcely exceeding 4 in. Cymes often at least 1 in. diameter, of 7 to
14 flowers, the outer ones at the ends of the branches appearing pedicellate,
the inner ones sessile. — Bracts filiform, shorter than the calyx. Sepals lan-
ceolate, tomentose outside. Petals rather longer, attaining 3 lines, tomentose
outside. Stamens fully twice as long.—Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 172.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, Huegel, Fraser ; Bald Head and Island, Preiss,
^. 2043, Oldfield, Maxwell.

3. C. hirsuta, Benth. A tall erect shrub, the branches densely hirsute
with stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, mostly 2 to 3 in. long,
Sinuately lobed or broadly and obtusely pinnatifid, thinner than in C. querci-
folia, the upper surface rough with scattered stellate hairs, the under side pale,
more copiously hirsute. Peduncles solitary or 2 or 3 together, recurved,
rarely above 2 in, long. Cymes nearly as in C. quercifolia. Bracts linear-
filiform or slightly cuneate, very hirsute, the outer ones often 5 lines long,
much more numerous than in C. quercifolia, and passing gradually into the
*epals, of which the innermost are often under 3 lines. Petals very narrow,

rsute outwards along the centre. Stamens fully twice as long. Cocci
short, glabrous or sprinkled with a few stellate hairs. Seeds smooth and

ing.

OU. ld Swan River, Drummond; Flinders Bay, Collie; Wilson's Inlet,
Ode, Australia.

15. DIPLOLENA, R. Br.

. Flowers sessile, in dense heads, surrounded by an involuere of broad bracts,
Imbricate in 3 or 4 series, the inner ones larger and petal-like. Calyx none.
Petals 5, small, narrow. Disk small. Stamens 10, much exserted ; filaments
filiform, bearded with long hairs above the base ; anthers not apiculate. Ovary
5-lobed ; styles united into a single elongated style, with a shortly 5-lobed
stigma ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Cocci 2-valved, the enaocarp
inous and separating elastically.—Shrubs, clothed with stellate tomen-
tum. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire. Flower-heads terminal, shortly pe-
goes or nearly sessile. Pola
inflo, E 208 is limi i ike Chorilena, is chiefly distinguished by
fine Coronel ie oda na: Phebalium in the abortion of the calyx

358 XXVIII. RUTACER. [Diplolena.

and the narrow petals. The 4 following species will be found perhaps, when better known,
to run too much into one another to be otherwise separated than as marked varieties.

Leaves tomentose or hoary on both sides.
Flower-heads and leaves large. Outer bracts ovate, inner ones
Reus . dee A 0s odes D. gran
Flower-heads and leaves small. Bracts lanceolate . . . . . 2. D. microcephala.
Leaves green and glabrous above, tomentose underneath.
Leaves oblong, flat. Bracts broad i d E 3. D. Dampieri.
Leaves linear, the margins revolute. Bracts narrow. . . . 4. D. angustifolia.

1. D. grandiflora, Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. iii. 451, ¢.19. A shrub
of 5 or 6 ft., with rigid divaricate branches, hoary or rusty with a close to-
mentum. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, hoary
on both sides and especially underneath with a close tomentum. Flower-
heads very shortly pedunculate, attaining sometimes 14 in. diameter. Outer
bracts 5, broadly ovate, herbaceous, tomentose, 4 or 5 lines long, united at
the base. Inner ones about 10, longer, narrower, and more petal-like, those
of the first 1 or 2 series broadly elliptical, obtuse, pubescent, passing into a
few (innermost) much narrower ones, sometimes linear and acute. Petals linear,
ciliate, quite concealed within the head. Stamens much longer than the
bracts. Cocci 3 or 4 lines long, coriaceous, glabrous, smooth or transversely
wrinkled.

W. Australia. Sharks Bay and Dirk Hartcg’s Island, 4. Cunningham, Milne.

2. D. microcephala, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss, i. 173. A shrub of 2 or 3
ft. Leaves obovate or oblong, very obtuse, sometimes all under } in., and
rarely exceeding 1 in., rather thick, hoary-tomentose above, and densely and
softly tomentose underneath. Flower-heads much smaller than in D. grandi-
flora or D. Dampieri. Bracts lanceolate, the outer herbaceous ones not much
shorter than the inner ones. Filaments more densely hirsute than in other
species with reddish hairs.

W. Australia. Stony barren mountains of Grantham district, Preiss, n. 2018 ; near
Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 2019, Oldfield; between Perth aud King George's Sound, Harvey i
Darling Range, Collie; Murchison river, Oldfield.

_ Var. Drummondi. Leaves oblong, $-to 1} in. long; tomentum looser and sometimes
disappearing with age on the upper side, which however has not the smooth texture of D.-
Dampieri. River, Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 91; Phillips river, Maxwell. To this
variety, rather than to the true D. Dampieri, ought perhaps to be referred the D. Dampier,
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 64, figured with narrow-lanceolate bracts.

_ 3. D. Dampieri, Desf. i» Mem. Mus. Par. iii. 452, t. 20. Nearly al-
lied to D. grandiflora, and chiefly distinguished by the leaves, quite glabrous
green and smooth on the upper side. In the form originally described, they
are oblong or somewhat cuneate, the flower-heads are rather smaller than in
D. grandiflora, and the bracts not so broad; but in the- Murchison river spe-
cimens the leaves and bracts are nearly as broad as in that species. — Bot. Mag.
t. 4059; Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 173.

WV. Australia. From Swan River, Harvey, Oldfield. and others, and Darling range,
Preiss, n. 2042, to Champion Bay and Murchison river, Oldfield.

4. D. angustifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. under n. 4059. Branches hoary

or rusty with a close tomentum. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, `-
to 2 in. long, the margins revolute, glabrous above, white with a close but -

Diplolena.] XXVIII, RUTACEZX. 359

dense tomentum underneath. Flower-heads rather larger than in D, mitro-
cephala in Preiss’s specimens, considerably larger in Drummond's, the bracts
numerous and lanceolate, or the outer ones ovate-lanceolate.— D. salicifolia,
Bart]. in Pl. Preiss. i. 173.

W. Australia, Drummond, lst Coll., Roe, Preiss, n. 2020.

Tase IT. ZawTHOXYLEX.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate or 3-folio-
late with opposite leaflets or 1-foliolate (truly simple in Geijera), the leaflets
usually large. Ovary lobed. Fruit separating into distinct 2-valved cocci.
Endocarp persistent or separating elastically. Seeds in most genera albumi-
nous; the cotyledons flattened and broader than the radicle, but in a few
genera the albumen is wanting, and the cotyledons are thick and fleshy.—The
tribe differs from Boroniee more in habit than in any definite character.

16. BOSISTOA, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite ? Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate or
slightly imbricate, with inflexed tips. Disk thick. Stamens 10. Ovary of
5 distinct carpels ; styles almost terminal, united upwards, but soon sepa-
Tating; ovules 2 in each carpel, superposed. Cocci distinct, large, coriaceous,
2-valved ; endocarp cartilaginous, separating. Seeds solitary; testa membra-
nous; albumen none; cotyledons thick and fleshy, radicle small.—A tree.

ves opposite, pinnate. Panicles terminal.

The genus is limited to a single Australian species, allied in some respects to Melicope
and Evodia, but very different in habit as well as in the seeds, which have the structure of

"locarpus and some other American genera.

l. B. sapindiformis, V. Muell. Herb. A tree with the habit of a

"pania, the young shoots, petioles and inflorescence minutely pubescent.

aves pinnate; leaflets 7 to 11, opposite in pairs, the terminal odd one oc-
casionally wanting, oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 in. long, more or less serrate-
toothed, especially above the middle, narrowed at the base, on a short petio-
ule or nearly sessile. Panicles terminal, trichotomous, shorter than the
leaves. Buds globular. Calyx small, very shortly and unequally toothed.
Petals about 2 lines long. Filaments dilated at the base, attenuated upwards,
glabrous; anthers large. Carpels very hirsute, on a raised disk. Styles
Short. Cocci broadly and very obliquely ovate, about 1 in. long, hard, almost
Woody, tomentose and rugose outside.— Zvodia pentacocca, F. Muell. Fragm.

D

Queensland. Ipswich, Nernst, (A single leaf and loose frait from F. Muell.)
N. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence rivers, Becker. (Specimens in flower only.)

17. MELICOPE, Forst.

. Flowers more or less unisexual. Sepals 4. Petals 4, valvate, or slightly
imbricate, with inflexed tips. Disk thick, entire or lobed. Stamens 8. Ovary
of 4 nearly distinct carpels ; styles inserted above the middle, united immedi-
ately or at the summit into one, with a capitate 4-lobed stigma; ovules 2 in
each carpel, superposed or collateral. Cocci distinct, spreading, 2-valved ;
endocarp cartilaginous or horny, separating. Seeds usually solitary; testa

360 : XXVIII. RUTACES. [Melicope.

crustaceous, shining; albumen fleshy, embryo straight or slightly curved, with
oblong or ovate cotyledons.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate,
or (in species not Australian) 1-foliolate or simple. Flowers rather small, in
terminal or axillary cymes or panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which are endemie, there are 2 from New Zealand and a
few from the Pacific islands. F. Mueller proposes to unite Melicope with Evodia, but the
double number of stamens is a more constant character than many others distinguishing the
received genera of Zanthorylee,

Petals thin. Styles lateral. Leaflets mostly under 4 in. — Panicles
terminal.
Young branches pubescent, Petals and filaments glabrous. Ripe
PIE ER er Se re E TIER S.
Branches and leaves glabrous. Petals minutely pubescent. Fila-
ments ciliate. Ripe carpels divaricate . . . . . . -
Petals and stamens rigid. Styles terminal. Leaflets more than 6 in. ;
Panicleslaterl . . . RARI QM NOMEN E ere
The first 2 species are the nearest allied to the New Zealand M. ternata, Forst., the third
is in some respects anomalous,

1. M. neurococca.
9. M. erythrococca.

1. M. neurococca, Benth. A small tree, the young branches, petioles,
and peduncles pubescent with simple spreading hairs. Leaves of each pair
generally unequal, the larger one with a common petiole of 2 in. or more, the
other with a much shorter petiole; leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
acuminate, mostly 3 to 4 in. long, glabrous above, sprinkled with a few hairs
underneath. Panicles terminal, trichotomous, corymbose. Sepals small, or-
bicular, concave, ciliate. Petals about 2 lines long, glabrous, valvate or
nearly so. Filaments glabrous, dilated to the middle. Ovary hirsute, the
carpels almost distinct from the base. Styles inserted below the summit. -
Cocci distinct, nearly erect, broad, about 3 lines long, the valves coriaceous
and transversely wrinkled.— Zvodia neurococca, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 28, and
ii. 103.

Queensland. Brisbane river, W. Hill and F. Mueller; Wide Bay and Archer's
Creek, used by the natives to make their spades, Leichhardt.
N.S. Wales. Richmond, Hastings, and Clarence rivers, Becker.

2. M. erythrococca, Benth. A moderate-sized tree, quite glabrous.
Leaflets 3 or rarely 1 only, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 14 to 3 in. long, corr
aceous, entire or obscurely crenulate, on a common petiole of $ to 1j m.
Panicles terminal or in the upper axils, loose, scarcely longer than the leaves.
Sepals small, triangular, slightly ciliate. Petals 14 lines long, slightly 1m-
bricate, valvate at the tips, minutely pubescent outside. Disk obscurely lobed.
Filaments dilated and ciliate to above the middle. Ovary slightly hirsute,
the carpels almost distinct. Styles inserted above the middle. Cocci 4 (or
very rarely 5), very spreading, ovate, about 2 lines long, wrinkled, of a red-
dish colour.— Zrodia erythrococca, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 28.

a Queensland. Wide Bay, O. Moore; Moreton Bay and Brisbane river, P. Hill, F.
Meier,

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler, C. Moore.
3. M. australasica, F. Muell. Herb. A handsome tree, glabrous in all

its parts. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate, the common petiole several times
shorter than the leaflets; leaflets oblong-elliptieal, or rarely obovate-oblongs

Melicope.| XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. 361

obtuse or shortly acuminate, 6 to 10 in. long, somewhat coriaceous, entire.
Panicles axillary, trichotomous, loose and many-flowered, but much shorter
than the leaves. Pedicels short. Sepals ovate. Petals narrow, about 4 lines
long, of a firm consistence, reflexed above the middle, minutely pubescent
outside ; eestivation not seen. Filaments slightly dilated, ciliate and rigid,
especially the larger ones, subulate upwards; anthers small. Disk incon-
Spicuous. Carpels nearly glabrous, but tapering into strictly terminal short
pubescent styles united at the summit. Cocci erect, distinct, angular; acu-
minate, not 2 lines long. Seeds shining.— Zveodia octandra, F. Muell. Fragm.

ii. 109,
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Becker.

18. EVODIA, Forst.

Flowers more or less unisexual. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate. Petals 4 or 5,
valvate or very slightly imbricate. Disk sinuate. Stamens 4 or 5; filaments
subulate or slightly dilated. Ovary of 4 or 5 carpels, usually distinct and
style-like in the male flowers, more or less united in the females, styles at-
tached below the middle, more or less united with a 4- or 5-lobed stigma.
Ovules 2 in each carpel, collateral or superposed. Fruit separating more or
less completely into coriaceous 2-valved cocci, the endocarp separating elas-
tically. Seeds with a crustaceous testa, usually smooth and shining; albumen
fleshy ; embryo straight with ovate cotyledons.— Unarmed trees or shrubs.
Leaves opposite, usually digitately 3-foliolate or pinnate, rarely 1-foliolate or
simple ; leaflets entire, often large. Cymes or panicles axillary or rarely ter-
minal, Flowers small.

A cousiderable genus, spread over tropical Asia and the islands of the Pacific and of the
Madagascar group; the only Australian one is endemic. The genus differs from Meticope
chiefly in the stamens equal to, not double, the number of petals, from Zanthorylum by the
leaves all or mostly opposite, generally by the more valvate petals and more united styles,

minor characters offering occasional exceptions.

l. E. micrococca, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 144, and ii. 180. A tree often
of considerable size, quite glabrous. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate with long
petioles ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse, mostly 13 to 3 in. long, entire, nar-
towed at the base, the central one almost petiolulate. Flowers in dense cymes
or trichotomous panicles on short lateral peduncles below the young shoots.
Sepals 4, orbicular, small. Petals 4, about 2 lines long, glabrous, slightly
imbricate, with inflexed valvate tips. Filaments slightly dilated, ciliate, the
attenuate tips folded inwards in the bud, exserted in the open flower. Cocci
hot 2 lines long, not separating so completely as in the Medicopes, rugose-
glandular outside. Seeds black and shining.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill. :
N.S. Wales. Near ak R? Brown; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; north-

Ward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ; and Tentertield, C. Stuart ; southward to
wara, Ralston.

19. MEDICOSMA, Hook. f.

Sepals 4, broad, imbricate. Petals 4, broad, much imbricate in the bud,
the tips erect or recurved. Disk lobed. Stamens 8, filaments dilated, almost

362 XXVIII. RUTACEA. [ Medicosma,

cohering by their woolly margins; anthers oblong. Ovary slightly 4-lobed,
4-celled. Style almost terminal, filiform, with a small 4-lobed stigma ; ovules
2 in each cell, collateral. Fruit separating into distinct, 2-valved cocci; en-
docarp separating elastically. Seeds with a crustaceous shining testa, albu-
"men fleshy ; embryo straight with broad cotyledons.—A tree. Leaves mostly
opposite, 1-foliolate. Flowers large, in axillary panicles.

The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia. F, Mueller proposes to in-
clude it as well as Melicope (with which it agrees in the double number of stamens) under
Evodia, but the habit, that of Acronychia, and the large, much-imbricate petals, appear to be
a sufficient distinction, unless nearly the whole of Zanthorylee be united into one genus.

1. M. Cunninghamii, Hook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl.297. A
small tree, glabrous, or the young shoots and inflorescence minutely pubes-
cent. Leaves mostly opposite, consisting of a single leaflet obscurely articu-
late on a short petiole, oblong-elliptical or rarely obovate-oblong, obtuse or
acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long. Panicles axillary, 3-chotomous, with few large
flowers. Sepals orbicular, 2 to 3 lines long, with a prominent midrib. Petals
nearly $ in. long, broadly ovate, minutely tomentose outside, with à promi-
nent midrib. Disk thick and glabrous. Ovary hirsute; style slender. Cocci
about 3 lines long, quite distinct, scarcely coriaceous, hirsute. Seeds black.—
Acronychia Cunninghamii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3994; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 27;
Evodia Cunninghamii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 2.

d. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others.

T. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence rivers, Beckler.

The subsucculent cocci, originally described in our * Genera Plantarum,’ are shown by
subsequently received specimens to have been diseased.

20. ZANTHOXYLUM, Linn.
(Blackburnia, Forst.)

Flowers more or less unisexual. Calyx 3-, 4- or 5-lobed. Petals 3, 4 or
5, imbricate or rarely valvate or wanting. Disk small or obsolete. Stamens
in the males 3, 4 or 5, the ovary rudimentary or conical, or of 3, 4 or 5 dis-
tinct style-like carpels. Female flowers without stamens or with scale-like
staminodia. Ovary of 1 to 5 distinct carpels. Styles nearly terminal, dis-
tinct or united upwards ; ovules 2 in each carpel, usually collateral. Fruit
of 1 to 5 distinct cocci, dry or drupaceous, usually 2-valved; the endocarp
separating or adherent. Seeds with a hard or crustaceous shining testa; al-
bumen fleshy ; embryo straight or curved; with broad flat cotyledons. —Shrubs
or trees, often armed with scattered prickles, and sometimes climbing. Leaves
i usually pinnate. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal cymes or

nicles.

A large genus, dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the whole world. Of
the following species, two are endemic in Australia, the third is also in Norfolk Island. All

three belong to the section Blackburnia, c. i i i hich are
rare in the rest of the genus. assem Be Ben neal et Sor

Stems and branches prickly. Panicles axillary. Flowers 2 to 3
lines long .. . p veier

Unarmed or with very few minute distant prickles, cer

Leaflets very oblique, coriaceous. Panicles axillary and termi-

— mal Flowers2to3lineslong . . . . . . . . . 9. Z, Blackburnia.

l. Z. brachyacanthum. = *

Zanthozylum.] XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. 863

Leaflets scarcely oblique, not coriaeeous, Panicles terminal.
Flowers very numerous, under 14 line , 3. Z. parviflorum.

l. Z. brachyacanthum, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.i. 108. A slender glabrous
tree, the trunk and branches covered with short conical prickles. Leaves
pinnate, the common petiole 6 to 10 in. long ; leaflets usually 9 to 13, oppo-
site in pairs, with or without a terminal odd one, petiolulate, from ovate to
oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, equal or
oblique at the base, coriaceous and shining. Panicles axillary, much shorter
than the leaves, irregularly 2-3-chotomous. Flowers on very short pedicels,
the males nearly 3 lines long, the females shorter. Sepals 4, small and broad.
Petals obtuse, much imbricate. Ovary rudimentary in the male flowers; in
the females consisting of a single carpel with a large oblique stigma, nearly
sessile or on a very short style, terminal but excentrical. Fruit opening wide
to the middle in 2 valves.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Upper Brisbane river, etc., A. Cunningham, F. Mueller,
and others; Araucaria ranges on the Burnett river, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, TAozet.
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Herb. Mueller.

2. Z. Blackburnia, Benth. A shrub or small tree, glabrous and un-
armed. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of 4 to 8 in. Leaflets 3 to
9, very obliquely ovate, shortly acuminate, usually 2 to 3 in. long, very un-
equal at the base and petiolulate, Panicles axillary or terminal, loose, but
shorter than the leaves. Flowers rather smaller than in the last species.
Petals imbricate in our specimens (induplicate-valvate, according to Endlicher).
Ovary and fruit of Z. brachyacanthum.—Blackburnia pinnata, Forst.; Endl.
Prod. Fl. Norf. 88.

: N. S. Wales. Lord owes Island, Miine. The specimen being in leaf only, its
identity with the Norfolk" Island plant, from which the above character is taken, is not cer-

» but the foliage corresponds so well, that I am unwilling to omit it, in order to give the

rd Howe’s Island flora as complete as possible.

3. Z. parviflorum, Benth. A small tree, glabrous and unarmed, or
with very few minute distant prickles. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole
of 4 to 6 in., angular but not winged; leaflets usually 9 to 11, opposite in
pairs, the terminal odd one occasionally wanting, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
rarely above 2 in, long, entire or slightly denticulate, usually oblique, the up-
per edge most rounded at the base, membranous or at length scarcely coriaceous.
Panicles terminal, 3-chotomous, broad, with numerous small 4-merous flowers.
Sepals small, triangular. Petals scarcely 1j lines long, slightly imbricate.

tamens in the males 4, about as long as the petals. Ovary rudimentary, of
i or 2 carpels. Female flowers not seen. Cocci solitary, 3 to 4 lines Jong,
> COrlaceous, rugose outside, opening broadly to below the middle in 2 valves,
endocarp persistent. Seeds with a hard bony testa enveloped in a thin black
shining epiderm.

N. Australia. Goulburn Island, 4. Cunningham; Port Essington, Armstrong ; is-
lands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

21. GEIJERA, Schott.
(Coatesia, F. Muell.) i i
Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, valvate or imbri-

364 : ; XXVIII. RUTACER. [Geijera.

cate. Disk thick and fleshy. Stamens 4 or 5; filaments subulate. Ovary
depressed, partly immersed in the disk, 4- or 5-lobed; styles terminal, imme-
diately united into a single short style, with a capitate 4- or 5-lobed stigma.
Fruit of 4 or 5 or sometimes fewer, distinct, 2-valved cocci, the endocarp ad-
herent or partially separating. Seeds with a hard or crustaceous shining
testa; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight; cotyledons broad.— Trees or shrubs,
Leaves alternate, simple, not articulate on the petiole. Flowers small, in ter-
minal panicles. Sepals small.

The genus is limited to Australia, and differs from Zanthorylum chiefly in the simple
leaves and hermaphrodite flowers.

Panicles compact. Petals imbricate. Leaves broad . . . . . . L. G. Muelleri.

Panicles loose. Petals valvate. Së
Leaves from ovate to lanceolate . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. G. salicifolia.
BNNUER IER, 02 S. s. VO VIS «0. 0.7. S. 0. parten

l. G. Muelleri, Benth. A glabrous tree. Leaves ovate or obovate-
oblong, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a rather long petiole, coriaceous, with
a prominent midrib, the lateral veins slender and rather distant. Panicle
compact, scarcely equalling the last leaves. Flowers rather larger than in the
other species. Petals nearly 14 lines long, distinctly imbricate, obtuse, with-
out inflexed tips. Cocci 2 to 3 lines long, distinctly but very shortly beaked,
very spreading, but cohering at the base. Endocarp persistent.—Coalesia
paniculata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 26.

d. Cumberland islands, R. Brown ; Araucaria woods near Moreton Bay,
F. Mueller; Curtis Island, Henne. This species was generically distinguished by F.
Mueller, on account of the imbricate æstivation of the petals, aud a slight difference in the
fruit, but the habit is that of the other species, and the genus is too closely allied to Zan-
thoxylum, which contains species with valvate as well as with imbricate sestivation, to admit
of dividing it solely on that ground.

2. G. salicifolia, Schott, Fragm. Rut. t.4. A moderately-sized tree,
glabrous or with a minute hoary pubescence on the inflorescence, and some-
times on the under side of the leaves. Leaves from ovate to ovate-lanceolate
or rarely oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, mostly 3 to 4 in. long, €n-
tire, coriaceous, narrowed or rarely rounded at the base, with a rather long
petiole. Panicles rather loose, broadly pyramidal, but much shorter than the
last leaves, alternately branched, with numerous small white flowers. Petals
— mee long, — Cocci often reduced to 1 or 2, obovoid, e

o 3 lines long, the endocarp persistent or partially separating. —G@. Jatifotitt
Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 336. 3 ae

d. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; i iver, 4. Cun
ningham, F. Mueller, and others ; Zeg een enger et Warwick, F. .

Mueller ; Wide Bay, C. Moore; Port Deni Fi : Thozet ;
tua Downs, Mitchell. son, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Man-

N. s. Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore; near Paramatta, Woolls. `
Schott’s figure represents a remarkably narrow-leaved form, which I have only seen m
Brown's specimens, and in those from Warwick and from Rockhampton, ‘These, however,
- pass into the common broad-leaved form.
3. G. parviflora, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 102. A tall shrub oF `
small tree, with slender, erect or pendulous branches, glabrous or the m-
florescence and young parts slightly hoary. Leaves linear, acute or obtuse,

Geijera.] XXVIII. RUTACE T. 365

3 to 6 in. long, and rarely above 3 lines broad, coriaceous, narrowed into a

rather short petiole, the midrib prominent underneath. Flowers and fruit

of G, salicifolia, or the flowers sometimes, but not always, rather smaller.—

G. pendula, Lind]. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 251. Possibly a variety only of

G. salicifolia.

Pt. mg € land. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Belyando river,
cheit.

N. S. Wales. Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham ; Narran river, Mitchell; between
the Darling and Lachlan rivers, Victorian Expedition.

Victoria. Murray desert, P Mueller.

Var. (P) crassifolia. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, very obtuse or retuse, thick, with the midrib
scarcely conspicuous, Perhaps a distiuct species —Hriostemon linearifolium, DC. Prod. i.
720 ; Zanthozylum australasicum, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xii. 503.

S. Australia. Near Adelaide, Herb. Hooker; Spencers Gulf, F. Mueller; South
coast, R. Brown ; isles of St. Francis, Herd. Mus. Par.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Maclean.

22. PENTACERAS, Hook. f.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, valvate. Torus thick. Stamens 10; filaments subu-
late, glabrous. Ovary of 5 nearly distinct carpels, each. with a glandular
terminal appendage. Styles inserted below the middle, and immediately
united into one filiform style, with a small stigma; ovules 2 in each carpel,
superposed. Fruit-carpels 5 or fewer, often solitary by abortion, indehiscent,
expanded all round into a membranous wing, forming obovate or oval-oblong
Samaree, the centre almost drupaceous, with a cartilaginous endocarp. Seeds
usually solitary ; testa thick; albumen not copious; embryo. straight, with
ovate cotyledons.—Tree. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Flowers numerous,
small, paniculate.

., The „genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. It differs from Evodia in
its habit, alternate leaves, and in some measure in the ovary resembling that of several
piama, and from that and all other Zanthozylee by the fruit, which, at first sight, is
ke that of an Ailanthus ; but the dotted leaves and superposed ovules, which place it among
taceæ, besides the inflorescence and other minor characters, amply distinguish Pentaceras
from Ailanthus.

l. P. australis, Mook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 298. A glabrous
tree, small according to A. Cunningham, attaining 60 ft. according to W. Hill.
ves pinnate, with a common petiole of from 4 or 5 in. to nearly 1 ft.;
eaflets usually 7 to 11, opposite in pairs, with a terminal odd one, ovate to
ceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or obscurely crenate,
the lateral ones more or less oblique and decurrent on the petiolule on the
lower side, like those of a Clausena. Panicles large, terminal, spreading, loose,
with numerous white flowers, pedicellate along the ultimate branches. Petals
about 12 lines long. Stamens nearly as long as the petals. Ovary glabrous.
pe samare 1 to 14 in. or rather more in length, } to $ in. broad.— Cookia
tustralis, F, Muell. Fragm. i. 25, and iii. 27; Ailanthus punctata, F. Muell.
Tagm. iii, 42, T3
d. i iver, A. Cunningham ; Moreton Bay district, “White "
ofthe colonists, JH, P. Maellor; M Consells Brush, Leichhardt.
N. S. Wales. Richmond river, C. Moore.

e

366 XXVIII. RUTACES.

Tipe III. Toppatrem.—tTrees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate or 3-folio-
late with opposite leaflets, or 1-foliolate, the leaflets usually large. Ovary not
lobed. Fruit several-celled, indehiscent or rarely dehiscent. Seeds albumi-
nous (in the Australian genus). The tribe has the habit of Zanthorylea, with
the ovary and nearly the fruit of durantiee.

23. ACRONYCHIA, Forst.
(Cyminosma, Gærtn.)

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4, valvate. Torus thick.
Stamens 8; filaments subulate. Ovary 4-celled; style terminal; stigma
entire or obscurely 4-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Fruit 4-celled,
usually succulent, with a coriaceous or hard endocarp, opening loculicidally,
or drupaceous and indehiscent. Seeds usually solitary in each cell, with a
crustaceous black testa; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight ; cotyledons oblong.
—Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, 1-foliolate. Flowers white
or yellowish, in axillary or rarely terminal small panicles or loose cymes.

- The genus extends over tropical Asia and the islands of the S. Pacific, to New Caledonia

and New Zealand. Of the Australian species, one is also found in New Caledonia, the two
others are endemic.

Flowers minutely tomentose, in short oblong panicles. Petals ovate . 1. Æ. Baueri.
Flowers glabrous, in axillary 3-chotomous cymes. Petals narrow.
Leaves thin and scarcely coriaceous. Fruits 4-angled, depressed on :
the summit O0 ISSUE x uU ap AM QN nx QN E, ust
Leaves very coriaceous. Fruits obovoid-globular . . . . . . 3. A. imperforata.

1. A. Baueri, Schott, Fragm. Rut. 1. 3. A moderate-sized tree, gla-
brous or the young shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves
opposite, of a single leaflet, on a rather long petiole, ovate, elliptical or obo-
vate, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, 3 _
to 4 or very rarely 5 in. long, thinly coriaceous. Panicles axillary, oblong,
the side branches and pedicels very short, sometimes reduced to a small spike.
Flowers small, not numerous. Sepals very broad, short, ciliate. Petals
ovate, valvate with inflexed tips, minutely pubescent outside, 1 to 14 lines-
long. Filaments thin, dilated, and ciliate to above the middle. Ovary pu-
bescent ; style pubescent, short, with a rather large stigma. Fruit nearly
globular or 4-angled, obtuse or shortly acuminate, } in. diameter or rather
smaller, not very succulent. Testa of the seeds hard and bony.—A. Hillii,
F. Muell. Fragm. i. 26. ;

Queensland. Northumberland Islands and Richmond district, R. Brown ; Moreton
Bay P Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others; Five Islands, A. Cun-
ningham. '

N. S. Wales. Macleay and Clarence river, Beckler ; Port Stephens, Harvey ; Ila-
wara, Herb. Mueller ; Ash Island, Miss Scott.. Some specimens from Hastings river re-
semble rather more in foliage the Norfolk Island 4. Endlicheri, Schott, but the flowers are

diseased, and they cannot be determined.

2. A. levis, Forst. Char. Gen. 53, t. 27. A tree, attaining 60 ft., glabrous
except the stamens. Leaves irregularly opposite or alternate, of a single
leaflet, obovate-oblong to oblong-elliptical, obtuse, 14 to 3 or rarely nearly 4
in. long, coriaceous when old. Cymes 2- or 3-chotomous, usually shortly

eo

TENY TAAA

Acronychia.] XXVIII. RUTACER, : 367

pedunculate and few-flowered. Sepals very short, rounded, glabrous. Petais
narrow, induplicate-valvate, with inflexed tips, 2 to 22 lines long, glabrous.
Filaments rather thick, dilated and ciliate towards the base, subulate and in-
flexed at the top. Ovary hirsute round the base of the style, otherwise gla-
brous ; style rather long, the stigma not thickened, obscurely 4-lobed. Fruit
succulent, with a crustaceous 4-celled endocarp, obtusely 4-angled, truncate
at the top, and depressed in the centre, 4 in. diameter or rather smaller.—
Lawsonia Acronychia, Linn. f.; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 66, t. 65 ; Cymi-
mosma oblongifolium, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. 3222; Acronychia laurina, F.
Muell. Fragm. i. 27.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Moreton Bay and Brisbane river, Æ. Cun-
ningham, F. Mueller, and others ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, 4. Cunningham,
aud others; northward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beckler ; southward to Yowaka
Tiver and Lake King, F. Mueller.

sarap to F. Mueller, the leaves are occasionally 3-foliolate, but I have never seen

3. A. imperforata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 96. A moderate-sized tree,
Very nearly allied to 4. Levis. Leaves of the same shape and size, but on
much shorter petioles, and much more coriaceous, the minute pellucid dots
only visible before a strong light. Inflorescence and flowers as in Æ. levis,
except that the peduncles are much shorter and the flowers rather larger.

aments much ciliate. Fruit somewhat obovoid and obscurely or not at all
angular, and not depressed at the top.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown; Brisbane river, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

Trise IV. Avrantrea.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate with alternate
leaflets or 1-foliolate or simple. Stamens twice as many as petals or more.
Ovary not lobed. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without albumen.

24. GLYCOSMIS, Corr.

Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes broadly imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud.
Stamens 10, filaments dilated at the base, anthers often tipped with a small
gland. Ovary 3- to 5- or rarely 2-celled; style very short, thick and per-
sistent, the stigma scarcely broader, ovules solitary in each cell. Berry suc-
Culent or almost dry, usually l-seeded. Seeds with a membranous testa,
without albumen; cotyledons fleshy.— Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves
alternate, pinnate, with few alternate leaflets, or 1-foliolate. Flowers small,
in axillary or terminal panicles. é
da of very few species, dispersed over tropical Asia and the Eastern Archipelago,

ustralian one being the most widely spread over the whole region.

l. G. pentaphylla, Corr; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 37. A

fall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves occasionally 1-foliolate, on

short petioles, but more generally pinnate, with 2 or 3 leaflets, from ovate-

eliptical or ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 4
or rarely 5 in, long. Panicles dense, shorter, or scarcely longer than the

petiole of the pinnate leaves. Petals about 2 lines long. Ovary 5- or some-

368 XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Glycosmis.

times 4-celled, contracted into a very short, thick style. Berry globular, $ in.
in diameter, or smaller.
land. Northumberland islands, R. Brown; islands of Torres Straits, F.

Mueller ; scrub near Rockhampton, Thozet. : i 1

The species has a very wide range in tropical Asia aud is very variable in the size of the
leaves and flowers, full details of which and of the consequently extended synonymy of the
species will be found in Oliver's paper above quoted. The character given above has spe-
cial reference to the Australian variety, which is almost identical with the Chinese and
Eastern form, usually distinguished as G. citrifolia, Lindl. ; Benth. in Fl. Hongk. 51, and
figured as Limonia parvifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2416.

25. MICROMELUM, Blume. .

Calyx 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5, valvate in the bud, or nearly so.
Stamens 10; filaments linear-subulate. Ovary 2- to 6- usually 5-celled, the
dissepiments spirally twisted after the flowering; style deciduous with a small
capitate stigma; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Fruit a dry berry.
Seeds usually 1 or 2; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons leafy,
very much folded.—Unarmed trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with alternate
oblique leaflets. Flowers small, in terminal corymbose panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which is widely dispersed over tropical Asia and the
Eastern Archipelago, only 2 are known from Penang or the Philippine Islands.

1. M. pubescens, Blume; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 40.
Young branches and leaves more or less pubescent. Leaflets 9 to 15, or
sometimes more, from ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1 to 3 in. long, obtuse or
shortly aeuminate, oblique at the base, often becoming glabrous above, pu-
bescent underneath. Corymbs nearly sessile above the last leaves, many-
flowered. Calyx more or less 5-toothed. Petals about 2 lines long, more or

less pubescent. Ovary usually hairy. Berry small, ovoid, glabrous or pu- `

bescent.

N. Australia. S. Goulburn Island and Port Essington, 4. Cunningham ; islands of
the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland.

Albany and Cairneross Islands and from the Burdekin to Moreton Bay,
F. Mueller; Cape Upstart and Barnard Isles, M‘Gillivray ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Rock-
hampton, Thozet. '

The various forms assumed by this species and the consequent synonymy are given in de-
tail by Oliver in the above-quoted paper. The Australian specimens belong to the small-

vered variety, with rather broad leaflets, common in the S. Pacific islands, which I for-
merly described as M. glabrescens, in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 212.

26. MURRAYA, Linn.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, narrow, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 10, free;
filaments subulate ; anthers small. Ovary 2- to 5-celled. Style elongated,
at length deciduous, stigma capitate. Ovules solitary, or 2 in each cell,
superposed, or nearly collateral, Berry 1- or 2-seeded. Testa glabrous oF
woolly ; albumen none; cotyledons equal, not folded.—Unarmed trees oF
shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets alternate, usually oblique at the base.
ot a often rather large, in terminal corymbs, or few together in the upper

s.

The genus comprises few species, dispersed over tropi i Eastern Archipelago ;
neither of the Australian ones are endemic. m "e o

a

See, `` Gë

` "Sc WEN D a Ya

ee

Murraya.) — XXVIII, RUTACEX. - 369
Ovary 2-celled. Flowers nearly 4 in. ees EE Pe so sse d. EE MS
Ovary 5-celled. Flowers numerous, not 3 lines long `, . . . ot 2, M. crenulala.

l. M. exotica, Linn. ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 28. A shrub
or small tree, glabrous, or the young branches and petioles pubescent.
ets usually 5 to 7, from ovate, cuneate-obovate, or almost rhomboidal to
ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 2 in. -long, coriaceous and shining when full-grown.
Flowers white, very fragrant, in compact, terminal, sessile corymbs, or few
together in the common varieties. Petals nearly } in. long, erect at the base,
spreading in the upper half. Ovary 2-celled. ` Berry globular or almost
ovoid, usually 2-seeded.— Wight, Ic. t. 96. 1

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Scrub near Rockhampton, Zhozet. These specimens are past flower and
have only a few young fruits, which are more ovoid than they generally are in the spe-
cies, but in other respects they appear to belong as well as Brown’s to the few-flowered
Nen ee or Jf. paniculata, Jack. The species is common from N.W. India to the

rides,

` 2. M. crenulata, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl.29? A glabrous
shrub or tree. Leaflets usually 7 to 11, very oblique, from oval-oblong to
oblong-elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or ob-
scurely crenulate. Flowers (in the Philippine specimens) in terminal corymbs,
much more numerous and much smaller than those of M. exotica. Petals 21
to nearly 3 lines long. Fruit depressed-globular, 8 or 6 lines diameter,
5-celled, but with 3 or 4 cells abortive. Seeds 1 or 2; cotyledons plano-
P thick and fleshy.— G/ycosmis crenulata, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1858,
i.

Queensland. Eastern subtropical Australia, Herb. Mueller. The specimens are in
fruit only, but the foliage, the inflorescence, and calyx are so precisely those of the Philippine
sland ones that there is little doubt that they belong to the same species. The structure of
the fruit is quite that of Murraya ; the cotyledons of the seed very readily distinguish it
from Micromelum, which in many respects has a similar habit and inflorescence.

27. CLAUSENA, Burm.

Calyx A. er 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, broad, imbricate in the bud. Stamens
8 or 10; filaments dilated at the base or in the middle; anthers short.
Ovary 4- or 5-celled, or rarely 2- or 3-celled ; style deciduous, with an entire
9r lobed stigma ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Berry ovoid
oblong or globular. Seeds with a membranous testa; no albumen; cotyle-
ons plano-convex.—Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, with alter-
nate, usually oblique leaflets. Flowers small, usually clustered in terminal
or axillary panicles or racemes. Berries small.

The genus, although large i ies than any other one of the tribe
senus, gh not comprises more species y . S
Aurantiee, and extends over tropical "ida and Africa; the only Australian species known

D

18 endemic.

8, 8 brevistyla, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 31. Apparently

4 shrub, glabrous, or the young branches and petioles slightly pubescent.

ets 10 to 15, very obliquely ovate or somewhat rhomboidal, shortly and

obtusely acuminate and emarginate, mostly 2 to 4 in. long, membranous,

often obscurely sinuate-dentate, on petiolules of about 2 ps gees
VOL. I,

370 . XXVIII. RUTACER. [ Clausena.

4-merous or 5-merous, in terminal, loose, oblong or pyramidal panicles.
Petals about 2 lines long. Filaments thick and dilated at the base, arched.
Ovary glabrous or nearly so, narrowed at the base, 4- or 5-celled. Style very
Short, Fruit not seen.

Queensland. Hope Islands, M‘Gillivray. The species is allied to C. heptaphylla,

W. and Arn., from E. India, but the leaflets are much more oblique, the style much shorter,
besides minor differences.

28. ATALANTIA, Corr.

Calyx 3- to 5-cleft. Petals 3 to 5, imbricate in the bud. Stamens twice
as many or rarely more, free or irregularly united at the base; anthers ovate
or oblong. Ovary 2- to 5-celled ; style deciduous, with a capitate stigma ;
ovules solitary or 2 in each cell, collateral or rarely superposed. Berry
globular, with a thickened rind, 1- to 5-seeded. Seeds obovoid or oblong,
testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons flat or convex, more or less
fleshy.—Shrubs or small trees, unarmed or thorny. Leaves simple, coriaceous.
Flowers in axillary clusters or short racemes or small cymose panicles, occa-
sionally solitary. Fruits usually larger than in the preceding genera.

_ The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia. The Australian species are both endemic; one
however is in some measure doubtful, the flowers being unknown, and the other is slightly
anomalous in eharacter though congener in essential points and habit. The genus, in the

increased number of stamens of two species, and in the inflorescence, fruit, and seeds, con-
nects the anomalous Citrus with the rest of the tribe.

Leaves narrow. Spines straight or ineurved. Pedicels clustered in the
PEM ee Eege E SET

Leaves ovate. Spines mostly recurved, Racemes short, axillary or ter-
mud - . Ae e j 9. A. recurva.

l. A. glauca, Hook. f., in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 305. A rigid
glaucous shrub of 2 or 3 ft., often armed with straight or incurved axillary
spines of 3 in. or under, the young shoots whitish with a very minute pu-
bescence. Leaves oblong-linear or slightly cuneate, very obtuse or emarginate,
mostly 1 to 13 in. long, thick, rigid, veinless; narrowed into a short petiole;
those on the barren shoots sometimes marked with a few coarse crenatures.
Flowers usually 2 or 3 together in the axils, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines.

: pen 3 or 4, short and broad. Petals 3 or more frequently 4, obovate or

. broadly oblong, 2 to 23 lines long, thin, concave, much imbricate. Stamens

d to 12, or sometimes more, the filaments often slightly united at the base.
Disk thick, annular. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, with l, or occasionally 2, super-
posed ovules in each cell. Style rather thick. Berry globular, about z in.
diameter. Seeds 3 or 4, obovoid, slightly compressed; cotyledons slightly
fleshy, but not thick.— Triphasia glauca, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 353;
Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. 26.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Maranoa river, Mitchell; Suttor and Bur-
dekin rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. The species, although anomalous m
some respects, has the foliage and inflorescence of Afalantia, and is allied in several respects
kg Hindsii, Oliv., approaching like that species to Citrus in the increased number of
stamens,

2. A.(?) recurva, Benth. Glabrous, armed with axillary spines, very
spreading or recurved.. Leaves broadly ovate, obovate or elliptical, mostly

neg p a Wee we

———

Atalantia.] XXVIII. RUTACER. 371

very obtuse, 1j to 24 in. long, coriaceous, on petioles of 1 to 3 lines.
Racemes axillary, sometimes 2 together, 4 to 1 in. long, or terminal and

Slightly branched. Pedicels very short. Calyx minute, 3- or rarely 4-lobed.

Petals and stamens not seen. Berries globular, either 1-seeded and 3 or 4
lines diameter, or 2-seeded and larger.

. N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham ; islands of the Gulf of Carpen-
taria, R. Brown (Hb. R, Br.). The flowers are wanting, to determine absolutely the affinities
of this species. R. Brown's specimens are however in very good fruit. A, Cunningham’s
are in leaf only, with some remains of the inflorescence and calyx. i

29. CITRUS, Linn.

_ Calyx 8- to 5-lobed. Petals 4 to 8, thick, imbricate in the bud. Stamens
indefinite, usually numerous, filaments flattened at the base and variously
connate, anthers oblong. Disk large, cupular or annular. Ovary of 6 or
more cells; style deciduous, with a capitate lobed stigma; ovules 4 to 8 in
each cell, in 2 rows. Berry globular or oblong, with a thickened rind, several-
celled, with thin dissepiments, the cells more or less filled with transverse
pulpy cellules. Seeds with a coriaceous testa ; albumen none; embryos often
more than one; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex.—Trees or shrubs, often
armed with axillary spines. Leaves 1-foliolate, the petiole often winged.
Flowers white, axillary, solitary clustered or shortly paniculate.

The really wild species are few, chiefly from tropical Asia, but long culture in most hot
countries has produced numerous permanent varieties, The Australian ones differ from the
others in the short petiole not at all winged.

Fruit globular. (Stamens about IO 4 & Wo 3o 9 ie 4
it oblong. Stamensabove20 . . . . . . . ee en

l. C. australis, Planch. in Hort. Donat. 18 (partly). A tree of 30 ft.
or more, quite glabrous, with axillary straight thorns of about 4 in. Leaves
ovate, obovate, or almost rhomboidal, 1 to 2 in. long, obtuse or emarginate,
the petiole not exceeding 3 lines, and not winged. Flowers wanting in our
Specimens, but according to A. Cunningham, he found a single one which had
10 free stamens. Fruit in the specimens which I have seen globular, from 1
to 13 in. diameter, with a hard rind; cells 6 to 8, more or less pulpy, with
usually 3 or 4 seeds in each.—Limonia australis, A. Cunn. in Sweet. Cat.

Queensland. i iver, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt.
Cunningham’s eise te ae ae “ Native aes ” are in leaf with fruits attached ;

chhardt’s are only loose fruits. All our specimens in flower have much narrower leaves,
and I therefore refer them to the following species, to which also probably belongs the poly-
androus flowering specimen described by Planchon. :

. ?. C. australasica, F. Muell. Fragm.i.26. A rigid shrub (aecord-
mg to A. Cunningham), quite glabrous, with axillary straight slender spines
of 3 in. or less, Leaves from obovate-oblong to oblong-euneate or lanceolate,
very obtuse and emarginate, 1 to 14 or rarely 2 in. long, coriaceous, the
petiole usually very short, and not winged. Flowers solitary or rarely 2
together, on very short pedicels. Sepals 5, small, spreading, concave, minutely
ciliate. Petals oblong, nearly 4 lines long. Stamens 20 to 25, free. Ovary
In the flowers examined 6-celled. Style very short, with a thickened, obtuse,

furrowed stigma. Ovules 4 in each cell. Fruit oblong, —À —
B

1. C. australis.
2. C. australasica.

372 ; XXVIII. RUTACEÆ. _ (Citrus.

2 or 3 times as long as broad, the largest seen about 2 in. long, with usually
2 or 8 seeds in each cell.

Queensland. Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and others; Pine river,
Fitzalan.

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beck/er ; Richmond river, Herb. Mueller.

The specimens are very unsatisfactory; several with the narrowest leaves are in leaf only,
others with rather broader leaves are in flower. None have the fruit attached; the loose
fruits are deposited in F. Mueller’s herbarium as belonging to one of the narrow-leaved spe-
cimens, The evidence, therefore, which has induced me to refer the flowering specimens
with numerous stamens to’ the oblong rather than to the globular fruits, is far from conclu-
sive, and the question cannot be determined until undoubted flowers of the globular-fruited
tree shall have been more fully examined.

Orper XXIX. SIMARUBEJE.

Flowers regular, dicecious or polygamous, more rarely hermaphrodite.
Calyx usually small, 3- to 5-lobed, or divided into as many distinct sepals.
Petals 3 to 5, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, imbricate or valvate in the
bud, rarely wanting. Stamens either equal in number to the petals, and
alternating with them, or double the number, anthers usually versatile, with
2 parallel cells opening longitudinally. Disk annular, cupular or elongated
within the stamens, under or round the ovary, or rarely none. Gyncecium of
3 to 5, rarely more or fewer carpels, quite distinct, or more or less united into
a single lobed or rarely entire ovary, with one cell to each carpel. Styles as
many as carpels, united from the base or by the stigmas only, or entirely dis-
tinct. Ovules solitary in each cell, or very rarely 2, the micropyle superior.
Fruit-carpels either distinct, dry or drupaceous, usually indehiscent, or unite
ina single drupe or capsule. Seeds usually solitary in each carpel or cell,
pendulous; testa membranous; albumen abundant, or little, or none. Em-
bryo straight or curved; cotyledons flat or convex, rarely twisted ; radicle
superior.—Shrubs or trees, with a bitter bark. Indumentum of simple not
stellate hairs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, pinnate or simple, usually
without glandular dots. Stipules none, except in Cadellia. Flowers usually
small, in axillary or rarely terminal panicles or racemes.

The Order consists of a considerable number of small genera, chiefly tropical, dispersed

over the New as well as the Old World. Of the 6 Australian genera, 3 belong to tropical

Asia, one of which extends also into Africa, 2 are endemic, and the sixth is on the seacoasts
of all tropical countries, The Order as a whole is somewhat heterogeneous, and especially
has no peculiar habit. In technical characters it is closely allied to Rutacee, from which
it differs chiefly in the bitter bark, the want of pellucid dots to the leaves, and in the soli-
tary ovules, but each of these characters has some exceptions.

Tripe I. Simarubes.— Ovary lobed or carpels distinct.
Leaves pinnate.
Stamens twice as many as petals, Fruit-carpels winged and samara-
like ul estu OR LR vsu otl, Ae ee
Stamens equal in number to the petals, Fruit-carpels drupaceous . 2. BRUCEA.
Leaves simple. Stamens twice as many as petals,
Calyx very small. Styles connate Ve DE ài
Sepals nearly or quite as long as the petals. Styles free, ; :
Sepals spreading under the fruit. Leavesthin. . , . . . 4, CADELLIA.
Sepals connivent over the fruit. Leaves almost fleshy . . « D. SURIANA.

D

. 98. HyPTIANDRA.

edocet uos SZT META,

l

*

XXIX. SIMARUBE E. 378

Trise II. Picramniese.— Ovary entire.
conma cis 4 sas SG: eK C RUSSE. OR

, Teise I. SrMARUBEJ.—O vary deeply divided, the carpels or lobes en-
tirely distinct or connected by the styles or stigmas.

1. AILANTHUS, Desf.
Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, valvate in the bud.

. Disk 10-lobed. Stamens 10, fewer or none in the female flowers; filaments

Without scales. Ovary 2- to 5-lobed; styles connate, with plumose stigmas ;
ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit of 1 to 5, oblong, membranous samarze,
thickened in the centre round the seed. Seed flattened; testa membranous ;
albumen scanty; cotyledons leafy, nearly orbieular.— Trees. Leaves alter-
nate, pinnate ; leaflets oblique. Flowers small, in terminal panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus comprises three others, natives
of the warmer regious of Asia, one of them much planted in various parts of the globe.

_ l. A. imberbiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 42. A tree, quite glabrous
in all its parts. Leaflets about 15 to 17, shortly petiolulate, apparently
obliquely ovate-lanceolate and 2 or 3 in. long, but much broken in the only
specimens seen. Panicles not mach branched. Male flowers on short pedi-
cels, in little clusters along the upper part of the branches. Calyx very small.
Petals about 1} lines long, quite glabrous, valvate, not induplicate, and the
points scarcely inflexed. Stamens exserted. Female flowers not seen. Sa-
mare in our specimens attaining at least 2 in. in length and 4 in. in breadth.

Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet. Evidently, as suggested by F. Mueller, very
nearly allied to the E. Indian A. malabarica, DC. Prod. ii. 89, Wight, Ic. t. 1604, which
indeed seems only to differ in a slight pubescence on the panicle and in rather larger flowers

and fruits,

A. rhodoptera, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 43, mentioned as eultivated in New England, is the
commonly planted 4. glandulosa, Desf., DC. Prod. ii. 80. 4. punctata, F. Muell. I. c., is
Pentaceras australis, Hook. f., of which the fruit closely resembles that of an Ailanthus in
outward form, although the inner structure as well as the flower are very different.

= 2. BRUCEA, Mill.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Petals 4, minute, linear, im-
bricate in the bud. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Ovary 4-lobed or of 4 dis-
tinct carpels, the styles free or connate at the base, the stigmas entire, spread-
ing; ovules solitary in each cell. Drupes 4, ovoid, scarcely fleshy, the pu-

men rugose. Seed with a membranous testa ; albumen copious ; embryo
Straight, radicle superior.—Trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets oblique.

lowers very small, in small cymes, in simple slender n T ES

The genus i ies, spread over tropical Asia and Africa, extending
into northern ‘Teale Tie AREA san? is one of the Geen Asiatic ones.

1. B. Sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 449. A shrub or tree, the young
branches and petioles softly tomentose. Leaves 1 to li ft. long or acm
more ; leaflets 5 to 11, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 in. long, coarsely
toothed, usually oblique at the base, softly pubescent or tomentose-villous,

374 XXIX. SIMARUBEZ. [ Brucea.

especially underneath, Flowers very small, purple, in little cymes or clusters
along the peduncle, forming interrupted spikes or racemes of 6 to 10 in, in
the males, much shorter in the females. Drupes about 3 lines long.

NW. Australia. Arnhem's Bay, R. Brown; Victoria river, F. Mueller. The latter
specimen has the leaflets very densely and softly velvety on both sides; in R. Brown's speci-

mens they are not more so than in the majority of Indian specimens. (Herd. R. Br. and
F. Muell.)

3. HYPTIANDRA, Hook. f.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, of 4 or 5 distinct sepals. Petals 4 ,

or 5, imbricate in the bud. Disk thick. Stamens 8 or 10; filaments flattened,
densely villous. Ovary of 4 or 5 distinct carpels, connected upwards by a
short style; stigma inconspicuous. Ovules solitary in each cell or accom-
panied by a second smaller abortive one. Fruit unknown.—A shrub or tree,
pubescent with simple hairs. Leaves alternate, simple. Flowers axillary.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. We had, in our ‘ Genera
Plantarum,’ placed it doubtfully amongst Rutacee-Boroniea, with which it is closely con-
nected by the flowers, but, on further consideration, the want of glandular dots, the bitter
bark, and simple hairs have induced us to remove it to Simarubea.

1. H. Bidwilli, Hook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 294. Probably
a tall erect shrub or tree, the young shoots silky-pubescent with appressed
simple hairs. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, narrowed at each end, but usually
obtuse, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, or with a
few small appressed hairs on the veins underneath, not dotted. Flowers small,
shortly pedicellate, in axillary clusters, with a few appressed strigose hairs on
the pedicels and petals. Petals ovate, much imbricate, rather more than 1
line long. Filaments dilated to above the middle and fringed, especially in-
side, with long hairs. Ovary hirsute,

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill.

4. CADELLIA, F. Muell.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals usually 5, nearly as long as the petals,
enlarged and stellately spreading under the fruit, imbricate in tpe bud. Petals
5, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 10; filaments filiform. Disk none. Car-
pels 1 or 5, free ; styles distinct, inserted on the inner angle above or below
the middle; stigmas dilated or capitellate; ovules 2 in each carpel, collateral,
pendulous or ascending. Fruit-carpels coriaceous, small, indehiscent or ob-
scurely 2-valved. Seeds solitary, without albumen; testa membranous; em-
bryo curved.—A tree. Leaves alternate, simple, with small, often deciduous
stipules. Flowers in short loose axillary racemes.

The genus is limited to Australia, It only differs from Suriaza in the arborescent habit
and thinner spreading calyx, :

Carpels 5. Leaves mostly obtuse. Racemes very loose . . . . . LC pentastylis.
Carpels solitary. Leaves mostly acute or acuminate, Racemes short . 2. Q. monostylis.

l. C. pentastylis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 25, t.12. A tree, attaining
40 ft., the smaller branches very slender and minutely pubescent. Leaves
from obovate-oblong to elliptical or lanceolate, obtuse, about 14 to 2 in. long,

ee

Cadellia.] XXIX. SIMARUBEA. 375

entire, narrowed into a short petiole, occasionally bearing a gland on one side,
glabrous, penninerved and reticulate, not dotted. Peduncles in the upper
axils slender, bearing a short raceme of 2 to 4 flowers. Sepals nearly 3 lines
long at the time of flowering, enlarged to 5 or 6 lines, and stellately spread-
mg under the fruit. Petals white, slightly exceeding the sepals. Carpels 5,
the styles inserted above the middle. Ovules pendulous. Drupes about 14
lines long, nearly globular, with an inner angle, somewhat coriaceous, with a
erustaceous endocarp. Embryo much curved or circinate like that of Suri-
ana; cotyledons much broader than in that plant, variously folded according
to F. Mueller, in the seed I opened flat, except following the general curvature
of the embryo.

F hg Wales. Rocks at the falls of the Severn in New Englaud, near Tenterfield, C,
uart,

?. C. monostylis, Benth. A glabrous slender tree (orshrub?). Leaves
petiolate, from ovate-lanceolate to elliptical-oblong, shortly acuminate, mostly
3 to 4 in. long, narrowed at the base, membranous or thinly coriaceous,

cemes, in the few specimens seen, very short, slender, 2- to 4-flowered.
Pedicels about 2 lines long, in the axils of minute bracts. Sepals nearly 2

es long, shortly united at the base, membranous, persistent, and spreading
after flowering. “Petals (1 only seen) about twice as long as the sepals. Sta-
mens 10, but in some of the flowers 1 or 2 are semiabortive (or already
withered away ?). Carpels in all the flowers seen solitary, with the style quite
basal as in Suriana, Ovules as in C. pentastylis, collateral, but horizontal or
slightly ascending,

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. The specimens seen are very few with very
few flowers, the petals already almost all fallen away.

5. SURIANA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, as long as the petals, persistent and
closing over the fruit, imbricate in the bud, Petals 5, imbricate in the bud.
Stamens 10, filaments filiform. Disk none. Carpels 5, free; styles distinct,
filiform, inserted near the base of the carpels ; stigmas capitellate ; ovules 2
ìn each carpel, ascending. Fruit-carpels coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds oe?
tary, ascending, without albumen; testa membranous ; embryo dari.
maritime shrub. Leaves alternate, simple. Peduncles in the upper axils 1-

or few-flowered. j hum

The genus is limited to a single species widely spread over the seacoasts of most tropic
countries. It is in ri arum mec in the structure of the flowers, but is ocr tail
allied to Cneorum and Castela, and, with them, appears to be better pen di Ka
vubee than in any other Order to which it has been referred, although it is depriv

bitter principle of the majority of Simarubea. Së
1. S. maritima, Linn.; W. and Arn. Prod. 361. A rigid, much-

ith si often capitate
branched shrub, more or less hoary or tomentose with vts Eel

Leaves crowded, linear-spathulate, obtuse, 1 to 1 ^
at the base, quite entire, rather thick, scarcely veined. ` Wees dd
Upper axils, bearing 1 or very few flowers, often forming short T y n
COrymbs, Sepals rather thick, acute or acumjnate, 3 to 4 2e po in üs
enlarging and closing over the fruit. Petals yellow, scarcely as tong

376 XXIX, SIMARUBEZ. [Suriana.

sepals. Nuts or drupes about half as long as the calyx, minutely eiis `
with a thin epicarp and crustaceous endocarp. Embryo in the seeds examm
as much curved as in Cadellia, but the cotyledons narrower.

Queensland. Islands off the N.E. coast, R. Brown, F. Mueller, and others.

Tree IL. Pickamnrea®.—Ovary 2- to 5-celled, entire or rarely shortly
lobed.

6. HARRISONIA, R. Br.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, almost
valvate. Disk hemispherical or cupular. Stamens 8 or 10, with a small 2-
cleft scale at the base of the filaments. Ovary globular, entire or shortly
lobed, 4- or 5-celled. Styles connate or distinct at the base; stigma fur-
rowed. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe small, globular, with
2 to 5 pyrenes or nuts. Seeds solitary, nearly globular; testa rather thick i
albumen scanty ; cotyledons folded towards the middle.— Trees, usually arme
with prickles. Leaves alternate, compound. Flowers small, in pedunculate
axillary cymes.

The genus comprises only two species, natives of the Indian Archipelago, one of them ex-
tending to Australia. *

1. H. Brownii, 4. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xii. 540, t. 28. A shrub.
Branches glabrous, often armed with short conical prickles, usually 1n pairs,
one on each side of the leaf, but probably not really stipulary. Leaflets 3.
ovate, acuminate, 1} to 3 in. long, the lateral ones petiolulate and oblique at
the base, the terminal one narrowed at the base; all glabrous or sprinkled
with a few hairs underneath. Flowers small, few together in axillary cymes,
on slender peduncles, shorter than the leaves. Calyx and petals quite gla-
brous. Filaments hairy at the base. Drupe small, depressed, globular, fur-
rowed between the nuts.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown (Herb. R. Br.). We

have it also from Timor and from the Philippine Islands, and it probably extends over other
intervening islands.

Genen XXX. BURSERACEZ.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx usually small, 3-
to 5-lobed or divided int many RM. sepals, Petals 3 to 5, hypogy-
nous or perigynous, imbricate or valvate in the bud. Stamens twice as many
as petals, or rarely of the same number, inserted on or around the disk ; an-
thers versatile, with 2 parallel cells opening longitudinally. Disk usually
annular or cupular, often adnate to the base of the calyx. Ovary free, 2- to
5-celled, tapering into a single style, with an entire or lobed stigma. Ovules

2 in each cell or rarely solitary, usually pendulous, the micropyle superior. `

Fruit a drupe, either indehiscent or the epicarp opening in 2 valves, pyrenes
2 to 5, bony or chartaceous, distinct or united. Seeds solitary in each py-
rene, pendulous; testa membranous; albumen none. Cotyledons usually
membranous, folded or rarely thick and fleshy.—Shrubs or trees, often yield-
ing a balsamic fluid. Leaves usually alternate, pinnate, or in genera not Aus-

i i

eR DAS ADU NT a

1

XXX. BURSERACEJE. 377

tralian 3-foliolate, without or rarely with stipules. Flowers small, in racemes
or panicles.

_The Order is spread over most tropical regions. The two Australian genera are both
widely dispersed over tropical Asia, one is also in Africa, and the other in tropical America.

Calyx 5-lobed, the disk lining the tube, with the stamens on the margin . l. GARUGA.
Calyx 3-lobed, the disk free, with the stamens outside or on the margin . 2. CaNARIUM.

1. GARUGA, Roxb.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate. Petals 5, in-
serted above the middle of the calyx-tube, induplicate-valvate. Disk thin,
lining the calyx-tube. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals. Ovary 4- or
5-celled ; styles elongated; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe indehiscent, with
5 or fewer bony nuts, rugose outside. Seeds solitary in each nut; cotyle-
dons folded.—Trees, Leaves pinnate. Flowers rather large for the Order,
in terminal panicles.

The geuus is dispersed over tropical Asia and America; the Australian species extends at
least to Timor, and is perhaps a variety of a common Asiatic one.

l. G. floribunda, Dene. Herb. Tim. Descr. 149. Branches thick,
marked with the broad scars of the fallen leaves. Leaves crowded at the ends
of the branches; leaflets 7 or 8 pairs, very shortly petiolulate, very obliquely
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate especially on the outer
edge, glabrous when full grown, the common petiole 8 in. to 1 ft. long,
slightly pubescent or at length glabrous. Panicles broad and dense, termi-
nating leafless branches. Flowers numerous, much smaller than in the com-
mon Indian G. pinnata, Roxb., arranged in cymes along the last ramifications,
the pedicels and flowers hoary with a minute tomentum. Calyx about 2

es long. Petals linear-oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Fruit not
seen.

N. Australia. Port Nelson, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. I have followed Planchon
(in Herb. Hook.) in referring this to the Timor species described by Decaisne, although I
have seen no specimens from that island. It differs from some forms of G. pinnata, Roxb.,
in little besides the much smaller flowers in a more compound panicle.

2. CANARIUM, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx campanulate, usually 3-lobed,
Valvate, Petals pta 3, FAR or slightly imbricate in the bud. Disk
annular, rather thick. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted on the
Margin of or outside the disk. Ovary usually 3-celled ; stigma sessile, capi-
tate, 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe ovoid or ellipsoid, often 3-angled,
the putamen 1-celled by abortion. Seed solitary; testa membranous; co-
tyledons folded.—Trees, with large pinnate leaves. Flowers small, in axillary

+ panicles,

The largest genus of the Order, dispersed over tropical Asia and especially the Indian
Archipelago, with a few African species. The Australian one is endemic.

l. C. australasicum, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 15. Branches thick,
marked with the broad scars of fallen leaves, the young ones minutely hoary.

ets 5 to 9, petiolulate, ovate- or oval-oblong, or the lower ones nearly

LI

318 XXX. BURSERACEJE, | Canarium.

orbicular, very obtuse, or rarely shortly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, glabrous,
coriaceous, with parallel pinnate veins, and smaller reticulations conspicuous
on both sides. Stipules linear-subulate, deciduous. Panicles raceme-like in
the upper axils, shorter than the leaves, the cymes shortly pedunculate along
the simple rhachis, Bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous. Flowering
calyx 1 line long, tomentose. Petals about 2 lines, glabrous. Stamens 6,
the filaments shortly united in a cup at the base. Drupes ellipsoid, the woody
nut nearly 1 in. long, smooth, usually 1-celled, rarely with 2 cells and seeds.
` Cotyledons much folded and crumpled.

- N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham ; Port Essington, Arm-
strong ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne.

Queensland. Estuary of the Burdekin, Fitzalan. The species does not come very
near to any other one known to me.

Orper XXXI. MELIACEZE.

Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed, or divided
into as many distinct sepals. Petals 4 or 5, rarely more, or 3 only, free or aduate
to the staminal tube, imbricate or rarely valvate. Stamens as many, or more
frequently twice as many, as petals; the filaments, in Meliacee proper, united
in a tube; anthers sessile or shortly stipitate within, or at the summit of the
tube; in Cedrelez, filaments free. Disk various, often annular or tubular,
free within the staminal tube. Ovary free, entire, 3- to 5-celled; style
simple; stigma thick, disk-shaped or pyramidal, Ovules in each cell 2, or
(in Carapa and the Cedrelee) 4 or more, the micropyle superior. Fruit a
capsule, berry, or rarely a drupe, indehiscent, or septicidally or loculicidally
dehiscent. Seeds 1, rarely 2, or in Cedrelez few in each cell, with a ventral
hilum; albumen fleshy or none, embryo flat or nearly so, radicle superior.— `
Trees or shrubs, the wood often coloured and sometimes fragrant, the bark
rarely bitter. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple, or more fre-
quently pinnate, the petiole often continuing long to grow out and produce
fresh leaflets; leaflets without dots, except in Flindersia. Flowers paniculate,
often small.

The Order is found abundantly in the tropical or warm regions of Asia and America,
more rarely in Africa. Of the 10 Australian genera, 3 are endemic, 3 are common to the
. tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, the remaining 4 are Asiatic, one of
them extending also into Africa, š

„Meliaceæ proper are at once known among the allied Orders by their staminal tube.
Cedreleæ, with free stamens, are in that respect anomalous, and might technically be re-
ferred to some of the preceding Orders containing pinnate-leaved trees; but the habit, the
large disk-like stigma, and some minor characters, have referred them with common consent
to Meliacee asa tribe. Flindersia, however, with its pellucid-dotted leaves, is really as
nearly connected with Rutacea-Zanthoxylee as with Meliacez, but retained among tbe
latter on account of its fruit and seeds so nearly those of Cedrela.

Tewe I, Melieæ.—Stamens united in a tube. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds not
winged, albuminous.

Leaves simple. Petals very long and narrow. , . . . . . LL TURREA.
Leaves bipinnate . : VW = cy eh Re AO MEE *
Tere IL "Trichiliese.—S/amens united in a tube. Ovules 2, rarely 1, or (in Carapa)

more than 2 in each cell. Seeds not winged, without albumen. Leaves pinnate.
Disk tubular or cup-shaped, enclosing the ovary . ee ablata e prore.

XXXI. MELIACER. 379

Disk annular, or undistinguishabie from the thickened base of the ovary.
Stamens equal in number to or not twice as many as petals. Flowers
Tre gno. lve iccow kha A Hoods OA,
Stamens twice as many as petals,
Staminal tube truncate or scarcely crenulate, the anthers included
or scarcely protruding. Capsule hard.
Ovules 1 (rarely 2 superposed) in each cell. . . . . . . 5. AMOORA,
Ovules 2, parallel, attached to a pendulous placenta, which in
the fruit is a thick arillus between the two seeds . . . . 6. SYNOUM.
Staminal tube toothed, with the anthers protruding between the
teeth. Ovules solitary. Drupe globular, with a woody or
Want te ee ee e ee
Staminal tube truncate or crenate, Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
Leaflets reticulate . . . S (s L + . 8, CARAPA.

TRIBE III. Cedrelese.— Stamens Sree. Ovules more than 2 in each cell. Seeds
winged. Leaves pinnate or rarely simple.

7. OwENIA.

Petals erect. Disk thick. Capsule smooth. Leaves not dotted . . 9. CEDRELA,
Petals spreading. Disk broadly cupular. Capsule muricate, Leaves
BEE ates sols d E

: Trise I. MaLIE.— Stamens united in a tube. Ovules 2 in each cell,
Seeds not winged, albuminous, Leaves various.

1. TURRÆA, Linn.

Calyx 4- or 5-toothed orlobed. Petals4 or 5, elongated, free. Staminal tube
cylindrical, toothed at the summit, anthers 8 or 10, within the summit of the
tube. Disk annular or none. Ovary 5-, 10- or 20-celled; style filiform, with
a disk-like stigma ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Capsule 5- or several-
celled, Opening loculicidally in as many coriaceous valves. Seeds oblong, with
a broad ventral hilum, sometimes winged; albumen fleshy, cotyledons leaf-
ike — Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple. Peduncles axillary, bearing few, white

OWers, ^

The genus extends over tropical Asia and Africa; the Australian species is found also in

udian Archipelago.

1. T. pubescens, Hellen.; Willd. Spec. Pl. ii. 555. A shrub or small

ves at the time of flowering small, from obovate and emarginate to
Ovate-lanceolate and acuminate, pubescent as well as the young shoots; when

“town ovate, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3, or even 4 in. long, somewhat
coriaceous, quite glabrous or slightly pubescent underneath. Flowers white,
SWeet-scented, in axillary clusters or short racemes of 3 to 6. Petals narrow,

near-spathulate, 1 to 14 in. long. Staminal tube rather shorter, with 10
short teeth, each one more or less divided into 2 to 4 lobes, or rarely entire.
Style exserted. Fruit nearly globular, 5-celled, furrowed opposite the dis-
p Piments, 3 to 4 lines diameter in some specimens, 4 in. in others, opening
oculicidally in 5 valves, leaving the greater part of the membranous dissepi-
vents attached to the axis. Seeds not winged.— 7. Billardieri, A. Juss. in

tem. Mus, Par. xix, 218 ; Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 181 (from the character
Siven); T. concinna, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. 182. e Whi
; Cape York, vray ;
Sunday Island, Beo "ar dais Neo and Pine Fevers Fitzalan ; Tarama
hills Leichhardt ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill.

380 XXXI. MELIACE. [Turrea.

The species appears to be generally dispersed over the Indian Archipelago; the lobes of
the teeth of the staminal tube, upon which the distinction of T. pubescens, T. Billardieri,
and 7. concinna is chiefly founded, are very variable, even on the same specimen,

\

2. MELIA, Linn.

Calyx 5- or 6-cleft. Petals 5 or 6, linear-spathulate, spreading. Staminal
tube 10- or 12-toothed ; anthers 10 or 12, within the summit. Disk annular.
Ovary 3- to 6-celled; style slender, with a capitate lobed stigma; ovules 2
in each cell, superposed. Drupe succulent, with a bony l- to 5-celled puta-
men. Seeds solitary in each cell; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy, some-

times scanty or none, cotyledons leaf-like.— Trees. Leaves usually twice or

thrice pinnate, with petiolulate toothed leaflets. Flowers paniculate.

The genus comprises but very few species, natives of tropical Asia, one of them generally
planted in many parts of the globe. The Australian species is one of the Asiatic ones.

l. M. composita, Willd.; W. and Arn. Prod. 117. An elegant tree,
the young leaves, shoots, and inflorescence sprinkled with a mealy stellate
tomentum which disappears with age. Leaves twice or rarely thrice pinnate ;
leaflets petiolulate, opposite with a terminal odd one, ovate to almost lan-
ceolate, acuminate, 1 to 2 in. long, entire, coarsely toothed or sometimes
lobed. Panicles loose, shorter than the leaves, retaining the mealy tomentum
late, especially on the calyx and petals. Sepals small, ovate. Petals 4 to 5
lines long. Staminal tube hirsute inside behind the anthers, the teeth alter-
nately entire and 2-cleft ; anthers glabrous or slightly hirsute. Ovary 5-celled.
Drupe ovoid, $ to 3 in. long.— A. australasica, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par.
xix. 257.

N. Australia. Albert river, Henne.

"mg Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Broad Sound, R. Brown; Rockhampton,
zet.

S S. Wales. Macleay, Hastings, and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; Newcastle, Leich-
rdt. &

The Australian tree appears to me identical with the M. composita of East India and the
Archipelago, and scarcely differs from the more common M. Azedarach, except in the more
abundant mealy tomentum, especially on the inflorescence and flowers. The drupe is also
usually larger and more ovoid.

8. DYSOXYLON, Blume.
(Hartighsea, A. Juss.)

Calyx small, 4- or 5-toothed, or divided into 4 or 5 sepals. Petals 4 or 5,
free or adnate to the staminal tube, spreading at the top. Staminal tube
truncate or 8- or 10-toothed; anthers 8 or 10, within the summit. Disk
tubular, as long as or usually much longer than the ovary. Ovary 3- to
5-celled ; style elongated; stigma disk-like; ovules 2 in each cell, or rarely
solitary. Capsule globular or pear-shaped, 1- to 5-celled, opening loeulicidally
in 2 to 5 thickly coriaceous valves, Seeds with or rarely without an arillus,
oblong, with a broad ventral hilum; testa coriaceous ; albumen none; coty-
ledons large.— Trees, often fetid. Leaves pinnate, leaflets opposite or al-

ternate in the same species, entire, often oblique. Panicles axillary, loose,
but often small. Flowers not very small. :

———————.

Dysoaylon.] XXXI. MELIACER. 381

A considerable genus, spread over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago, extending

also to New Zealand. The Australian species are all endemic. The genus is readily known by

the tubular disk enclosing the ovary within the staminal tube.
Calyx eupular, shortly toothed. Petals free. Flowers 4-merous.

ee Sire eee latifolium.
Calyx cupular, shortly toothed or lobed. Petals adnate to the sta-
minal tube.
Flowers 4-merous. Ovary-cells 3, 2-ovulate. Leaflets 5 to 9.
Panicles small, loose. Tubular disk short and broad . . 2. D. Fraseranum,

Flowers 4-merous. Ovary-cells 4, 1-ovulate. Leaflets 11+ to 21.
Panicles large. Staminal tube hirsute. Tubular disk long and
u—— i Ee BEER E D 0 o 0
Flowers 4- or 5-merous. Ovary-cells 4 or 5, l-ovulate. Leaflets :
4106. Panicles loose, few-flowered. Staminal tube glabrous. 4. D. Lessertianum.
Calyx of 5 distinct sepals. Petals adnate to the staminal tube.
Flowers 5-merous. Ovary-cells 5, 2-ovulate . . . . . . . 5. D. rufum.

l. D. latifolium, Benih. Leaves glabrous; leaflets in our specimens
4 or 5, ovate or broadly oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long,
oblique at the base, somewhat coriaceous. Flowers in sessile or shortly
pedunculate clusters, along a simple, axillary, nearly glabrous peduncle of 4
to 5 in. Pedicels short, slightly pubescent. Calyx cupular, not 1 line long,
with 4 very short broad teeth. Petals 4, pubescent outside, about 3 lines
long, valvate in the bud, free from the staminal tube. Staminal tube truncate,
and shortly and irregularly 8-toothed. Disk broadly tubular, sprinkled with
à few minute hairs, Ovary, in the flowers examined, 2-celled, with 2 ovules
m each cell, pubescent, tapering into an elongated style; stigma disk-like.
Fruit not seen.

Queensland. Frankland Islands, M‘Gillivray.

3. D. Fraseranum, Benth. A treeof 80to 130 ft., the young leaves and
shoots slightly pubescent, glabrous when full-grown. Leaflets 5 to 9, oblong-
lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long, narrowed and equal at the

ase, bearing occasionally tufts of hairs in the axils of the principal veins
underneath. Panicles in the upper axils short, loose, divaricately branched,
slightly pubescent. Calyx eupular, about 1 line long, shortly and broadly
4-lobed. Petals 4, about 3 lines long, nearly glabrous, adnate to the staminal
tube to about half their length. Staminal tube 8-toothed, glabrous outside.
Disk broadly tubular, rather longer than the ovary. Ovary hirsute, 3-celled,
With 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit not seen.—Hartighsea Fraserana, A. Juss.
m Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 262, t. 15.

N.S. Wales. Hastings river, Fraser ; Woods of Paris Exhibition, n. 238, M' Arthur.

3. D. Mueller, Benth. A tree of 60 ft. or more, glabrous or nearly so,
except the very young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long;
leaflets 11 to 2 1, from ovate to almost lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 3 to 6
in. long, very oblique at the base, one side rounded, the other truncate and
shorter, almost coriaceous. Panicles pyramidal, $ to 1 ft. long, much-
branched and many-flowered. Calyx cupular, } to 2 line long, pubescent, 4-
lobed. Petals 4, nearly glabrous, about 5 lines long, adhering to the stami-
nal tube to about two-thirds their length. Staminal tube truncate and mi-
nutely crenulate, hirsute outside. Disk narrow-tubular, nearly half as long

382 XXXI. MELIACES. [Dysoaylon.

as the staminal tube. Ovary hirsute, 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.
Fruit only seen very young, soon becoming glabrous.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, JF. Hill, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

4. D. Lessertianum, Benth. Quite glabrous, or the young shoots and
panicles minutely pubescent. Leaflets 4 to 10, usually without any terminal
odd one, elliptical or lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 4 to 5 m.
long. Panicles loose, extra-axillary, 3 to 4 in. long. Calyx short, cupular,
entire or irregularly crenulate. Petals 4 or 5, glabrous, more or less adherent
to the staminal tube at their base, rarely at length free. Staminal tube gla-
brous, 8- or 10-toothed. Tubular disk broad, scarcely longer than the ovary.
Ovary hirsute, 4- or 5-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit hard, obovoid,
about 4 in. long in the specimens seen. Arillus of the seeds thin.—Hartigh-
sea Lessertiana, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 264.

. N.S. Wales. Williams River, R. Brown ; Clarence river, Wilcor, Beckler.

Var. pubescens. Young shoots, petioles, under side of the leaflets, and inflorescence softly
pubescent. Clarence river, Beckler (Hb. F. Muell.).

. 5. D. rufum, Benth. A slender tree of 30 to 40 ft., the young branches,
petioles, and under side of the leaves clothed with a soft often rust-coloured
pubescence. Leaves 14 to 2 ft. long; leaflets numerous, very shortly petio-
lulate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long, very oblique
at the base, glabrous on the upper side. Panicles axillary or lateral, not
much branched, pubescent. Flowers sessile. Sepals 5, almost free, orbicu-
lar, imbricate, about 1 line long. Petals 5, pubescent, 4 in. long, adhering
to the staminal tube to about the middle. Staminal tube truncate, with 10
retuse short lobes or teeth; anthers tipped with a short point. Disk broadly
tubular, very hairy. Ovary hirsute, 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.
Fruit depressed-globular, 1 in. diameter, densely hirsute with short, rigid,
cec hairs. Seeds arillate—Hartighsea rufa, A. Rich, Sert. Astrol.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller.
. N. S. Wales. Port Macquarie, 4. Cunningham ; Hastings river, Fraser; Clarence
river, C. Moore. The wood, known to the colonists as Bastard Cedar-pencil wood, is soft
and easily worked, used in house-building.

. Var. (?) glabrescens. Leaves quite glabrous. Fruit t tose, with very short golden
| d EK er q glab ruit tomentose, wi ry g

4^ AGDAIA, Sour:
(Milnea, oz). ; Nemedra, A, Juss.) ;

Flowers polygamous, Calyx 4- or 5-toothed or cleft. Petals 4 or 5,
short, connivent, imbricate in the bud. Staminal tube globular or urceolate,
entire or shortly toothed ; anthers as many as petals or rarely more, within
the summit of the tube. Disk none, or not distinct from the base of the
ovary. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with a short thick style and disk-like stigma;
ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Fruit coriaceous or almost succulent, indehiscent.
Seeds 1 or 2, enveloped in a mealy pulp, without any arillus.— Trees, either
glabrous or clothed with small scurfy scales or rarely with stellate tomentum.

Agiaia.| XXXI. MELIACER. 883

Leaves pinnate, with entire leaflets. Flowers very small, nearly globular, in
axillary panicles,

The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and the islands of the Indian Archipelago and
the Pacific. The only Australian species is also a native of New Caledonia and New Guinea.

, l. A. eleeagnoidea, Benth. A tree of 20 to 30 ft., the young branches,
Inflorescence, and under side of the leaves covered with silky or rust-coloured
Scurfy scales, often fringed at the edges. Leaflets 3 or rarely 5, petiolulate,
ovate-oblong, or the terminal one obovate, acuminate, rarely ovate-lanceolate,
2 to 3 in. long or rarely more, coriaceous, glabrous above when full-grown.
Flowers globular, about 1 line diameter, numerous in loose panicles which
rarely exceed the leaves. Calyx shortly 5-, rarely 4-lobed. Petals 5, rarely
4, much imbricate, sprinkled as well as the ovary with the scurfy scales that
cover the calyx and inflorescence. Anthers usually 5, but in some flowers 6,
7 or even more, within the short urceolate tube, which is thickened into
raised filaments below the anthers. Ovazy 3-celled, with 1 (or sometimes 2 ?)
ovules in each cell. Fruit obovoid, about 1 in. long, covered with minute
Tust-coloured scurfy scales. Seeds 1 or 2, enveloped in a mealy pulp.—Ne-
medra eleagnoidea, A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 259, t. 14; Aglaia odo-
ratissima, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 213, but probably not of Blume.
N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown (specimens in fruit and
flower) ; Entrance Island, Endeavour Straits, Leichhardt. Found also in New Caledonia,
the New Hebrides, and in New Guinea. The station, King George’s Sound, given by A. de
ussieu on the authority of the Paris Herbarium, is evidently one of those errors of locality
Which occurs in many of the early collections of Australian plants deposited there. A. de
Jussieu having found as many as 10 stamens, gives that as the typical number, although he
observes at the same time that there are sometimes fewer. We, therefore, not having then
any Australian specimens, failed to recognize his plant, and from the technical characters re-
ferred it in our ‘Genera Plantarum’ to Amoora. Having since, however, examined Leich-
hardt’s and R, Brown’s Australian specimens, and also some flowers from A. de Jussieu’s
specimens, kindly transmitted to me by M. Brongniart, I have been able satisfactorily to
identify the species, which, notwithstanding an oceasional increase in the number of stamens,
belongs undoubtedly to Aglaia, a very natural genus if extended so as to include Milnea.
Tn the majority of specimens examined I find almost always 5 stamens, and only now and
then 6. Out of three unexpanded flowers from A. de Jussieu’s plant, I found 7 stamens in
two of them, and only 5 in the third.

5. AMOORA, Roxb.

. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 3- to 5-toothed or lobed. Petals 3 to 5,
imbricate in the bud, free from the staminal tube. Staminal tube urceolate or
nearly globular, truncate or crenate; anthers within the tube, twice as many
as petals. Disk none, besides the thickened base of the ovary. Ovary 3 to
5-celled or rarely 2-celled, with 1 or 2 superposed ovules in each cell; style
short or long with a disk-like stigma. Capsule obovoid or globular, coria-
ceous or hard, opening loculicidally in 3 to 5 valves (or sometimes indehis-
cent ?), Seeds solitary in each cell, enclosed in a fleshy arillus (or sometimes
without an arillus?).— Trees. Leaves pinnate, with entire leaflets. Flowers
small, but usually larger than in Aglaia. : : ;

» Fede is spread over tropieal Asia and the Indian Archipelago ; the Australian species

e. ton

l. A. nitidula, Benth. A tall tree, quite glabrous. Leaflets 2 or 4,

384 XXXI. MELIACES. [Amoora.

opposite, without any terminal odd one, elliptical-oblong, 3 to 4 in. long or
sometimes more, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, somewhat coria-
ceous and shining, narrowed at the base, the common petiole often slightly
dilated towards the end. Panicles axillary, loose, but shorter than the leaves.
Calyx very short, with 5 short teeth or lobes. Petals 5, about 2 lines long,
glabrous or minutely ciliate. Staminal tube broadly urceolate ; anthers 10 ;
the tips slightly protruding. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.
Fruit obovoid, hard and almost woody, narrowed almost into a stipes at the
base, 2- or 3-celled. Seeds nearly globular, laterally attached near the top,
apparently without any arillus.

ueensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence rivers, Becker.

The species has much of the habit of some Dysoryla, but the want of any free disk and
the form of the staminal tube agree better with Amoora.

6. SYNOUM, A. Juss.

Calyx 4- rarely 5-cleft. Petals 4, rarely 5, valvate or slightly imbricate 1n
the bud. Staminal tube cylindrical, slightly crenulate ; anthers twice as many
as petals, within the summit of the tube. Disk continuous with the thickened
base of the ovary. Ovary 3-celled; style short, with a disk-like stigma;
ovules 2 in each cell, attached collaterally to a thickish placenta pendulous
from the apex of the cavity. Capsule 3-celled, opening loculicidally in 3
valves, or reduced by abortion to 2 valves and cells. Seeds 2 in each cell,
attached by a broad lateral hilum, and half embedded collaterally in a fleshy
arillus formed by the enlarged placenta—A tree. Leaves pinnate, with en-
tire leaflets.

The genus consists of a single species, limited to Australia.

l. S. glandulosum, 4. Juss. in Mem. Mus. Par. xix. 227, t. 15. A
moderate-sized tree, glabrous or the young leaves and shoots slightly silky-
tomentose. Leaflets 5 to 9, elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, mostly 2 to 3
in. long, narrowed at the base, somewhat coriaceous, the lateral veins few and
scarcely prominent. Flowers in short dense axillary panicles, rarely exceeding
lin. Sepals small, orbicular, spreading. Petals about 24 lines long. Sta-
minal tube broad, slightly erenulate, glabrous or with a few hairs inside; an-
thers sometimes slightly protruding. Ovary villous. Capsule depressed-
globular, glabrous, about $ in. diameter, furrowed opposite the dissepiments
so as to be almost 3-lobed.— Trichilia glandulosa, Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. xxxvi.

d. Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

N.S. Wales. Sandy shores about Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; to the south-
ward, 4, Cunningham ; inland to the Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; northward to Hast-
ings river, Beckler. “Native Rosewood” of some colonists, It bas the general habit of

some Dysoryla, but, besides the want of any free disk and the curious insertion of the ovules
and seeds, it is easily recognized by its very short inflorescence,

7. OWENIA, F. Muell.
Sepals 5, short, orbieular, much imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud.
Staminal tube short or long, with 10 entire or 2-lobed teeth; anthers pro-
truding between the teeth. Disk small, annular or not distinct from the

-——

_ eng,

Owenia.] XXXI. MELIACEX. | 385

ovary. * Ovary 3- or 4-celled, or in one species 12-celled, with 1 ovule in each
cell; style rather thick ; stigma globular or conical, entire or lobed, on a disk-
like expansion of the summit of the style. Drupe globular, the epicarp more
or less succulent, putamen thick, woody or bony, rugose outside, 2- to 4-
celled, or in one species 12-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, the outer coat-
ing spongy, the hilum broad lateral ; cotyledons oblong, thick.—Trees, with
the juice often (perhaps always) milky, the young shoots often viscous or
gummy. Leaves pinnate. Flowers small, in axillary panicles. Fruits rather
acid, eaten by the aborigines.

The genus is endemic in Australia, and differs from all other known Zyichilia in its glo-

ular drupaceous fruit.

Leaflets numerous, lanceolate, acute.

Leaflets l-nerved. Panicles narrow. Flowers 24 lines log . . . 1. O. actdula.
Leaflets with the lateral veins conspicuous. Panicles divaricate. Flowers f
very numerous, about 1 line long . . . E es 9. O. vernicosa.

Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, obtuse, penninerved or reticulate. à
Leaflets oblong or broadly lanceolate, narrowed at the base, quite
cm Rm MI MM ene Baas aN e
Leaflets pubescent. Fruit 12-celled . . . . . + + ++ n
Leaflets large, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, broad and sessile at the base, :
very prominently reticulate underneath . . . . . . . + . 5. O. reticulata.

l. O. acidula, P Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 304, and Fragm. iii.
A small or moderate-sized tree, glabrous, with the young shoots gluti-
nous. Leaves crowded at the ends of the often pendulous branches ; leaflets
from 9 to nearly 30, linear-Janceolate, acute or mucronate, 1 to 1j in. long,
oblique, the midrib prominent underneath, but otherwise almost nerveless,
the common petiole 3 to 6 in. long. Panicles narrow, shorter than the leaves.
OWers nearly sessile, in clusters or on short branches of the panicle. Sepals
about 1 line long. Petals about 2 lines. Teeth of the staminal tube subu-
te, but more or less connected by an undulate crenate or almost fringed
membrane. Disk small, annular. Ovary 3-celled. Drupe $ to l im. or
rather more in diameter, said to resemble a russet apple, the epicarp pulpy,
of a rich crimson ; putamen very hard.

Queensland. Desert of the Suttor and Burdekin, F. Mueller. ` -
. N. S. Wales. “Arbuthnot s Sage Fraser ; near the Gwydir river, Mitchell (figured
in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 82, without any name); Darling Desert, Victorian Expedition ;
Castlereagh river, Herb. F. Mueller. :

2. O. vernicosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 15. Quite glabrous. Branches
thick, marked with the broad scars of the fallen leaves, the young shoots
glutinous. Leaves larger than in O. acidula, the common petiole slightly
flattened ; leaflets 15 to nearly 30, lanceolate, acuminate, often above 2 in.
long, oblique, with a prominent midrib and transverse reticulations. Panicles
3 or 4 in. long, with divaricate branches and numerous flowers, much smaller
than in O. acidula. Sepals about 4 line long, slightly ciliate. Petals little
more than 1 line. Staminal tube short, with 10 subulate teeth. Fruit the
e of that of O. acidula, the stony endocarp thicker and harder, usually 3-
celled.

e Australia. Cambridge Gulf, A. Cunningham ; mouth of the Victoria river, F.

"eller.

‘VOL. I. 2c

3. O. venosa.
4. O. cerasifera.

386 XXXI. MELIACEE. | FOwenia.

i ; il] smaller
Var. (P) pubescens. Young shoots and inflorescence softly pubescent ; flowers stil] s
and n? rent Month of the Victoria river, F. Mueller (Hb. F. Muell).

3. O. venosa, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 304. A tall arbores-
cent shrub, quite glabrous, the young shoots slightly glutinous. Leaflets 6
or 8, obliquely oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate, 2 to 3 or
rarely 4 in. long, coriaceous, prominently penninerved, slightly reticulate un-
derneath, the petiole angular or sometimes broadly winged. —Panicles narrow,
3 to 5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers not yet open in our specimen, but appa-
rently like those of O. acidula, except that the staminal tube is exceedingly
short, but possibly it may grow out as the bud advances. Sepals orbicular,
about 1 line diameter.

Queensland. Between the Dawson and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton,
Thozet.

4? O. cerasifera, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 308. A small
tree. Leaflets 6 to 10, obliquely oval-oblong, obtuse, 14 to 3 in. long, nar-
rowed into a very short petiolule, glabrous above, pubescent underneath as
well as the common petiole. Flowers not seen. Drupe globular, 1 to 15 1n.
diameter, black, with a red sarcocarp. Putamen hard, rugose outside, 12-
celled, with 1 seed in each cell.

Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller, Until the flowers have been seen, this spe-
cies must remain in some measure doubtful.

5. O. reticulata, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 305. A small
tree, quite glabrous, Leaves often above a foot long, the common petiole
angular or slightly dilated, terminating in a short point, Leaflets 4, 6, or 8,
sessile, ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 4 to 8 in. long, oblique at
the base, coriaceous, smooth above, with very prominent pinnate veins and
numerous raised reticulations underneath. Panicles loose, very divaricate, the
branches often 6 in. long or more. Flowers sessile, clustered. Sepals above
1 line long, orbicular. Petals twice as long. Staminal tube often divided to
near the middle into 10 flat 2-lobed teeth or lobes. Ovary 2- or 3-celled.
Fruit 1} in. diameter, the epicarp fleshy but not thick. Putamen hard and
very rugose.— O. zerocarpa, P. Muell. Fragm. iii. 13.

JN. Australia. Near Nichol Bay, Walcott ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R.
Brown, F. Mueller, Henne.

D

8. CARAPA, Aubl.

(Xylocarpus, Ken.)

Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed. Petals 4 or 5, free, imbricate in the bud.
Staminal tube urceolate, erenate or lobed ; anthers 8 or 10, within the sum-
mit. Disk thick, surrounding the ovary. Ovary 4- to 5-celled, with 2 to 6
ovules in each cell ; style short, with a large disk-like stigma. Capsule glo-
bular or ovoid, fleshy or woody, the dissepiments often disappearing. Seeds
several in a compact mass round the remains of the central axis, large, thick,
with a ventral hilum; testa spongy; cotyledons superposed, often united ;

radicle dorsal.— Maritime trees. Leaves pinnate with entire leaflets. Pani-
cles axillary.

Carapa.] XXXI. MELIACEA, 387

The species are few, ranging over the tropical seacoasts either of America and Africa or of
Africa and Asia. The Australian one belongs to the latter category.

—4. E, moluccensis, Lum.; DC. Prod. i. 620. A tree, glabrous in all
its parts. Leaflets 4, rarely 2 or 6, opposite, ovate, obtuse, shortly acuminate
or rarely acute, 2 to 8 or rarely 4 in, long, somewhat coriaceous, more reticu-
than in any of the preceding genera. Panicles short, loose, and few-
flowered, sometimes reduced to simple racemes or with few divaricate branches.
Calyx small, irregularly lobed. Petals 4 or rarely 5, 23 to 3 lines long. Sta-
minal tube crenate or splitting into short lobes. Ovary very small, in the
centre of a large thick depressed disk. Ovules 2, 3, or 4 in each cell, exces-
sively minute. Fruit often 3 or 4 in. diameter, irregularly globular. Seeds
usually 4 to 6, large, irregularly shaped, closely packed ; testa very thick, of a
hard spongy consistence.—Xylocarpus Granatum, Ken. ; Willd. Spec. PI. ii.
328.
N. Australia. Saltwater Creek, near Macadam Range, F. Mueller ; islands of the
Gulf of Carpentaria, Henne.
land. N.E. coast, A. Cunningham ; islands of Howick’s group, F. Mueller ;
Port Denison, Fitzalan (in leaf only, with loose fruits). ,
Common on the seacoasts of tropieal Asia, extending westward to E. Africa and eastward
to the Moluccas. It varies considerably in the more compact or looser inflorescence, in the
Size of the flowers, and in the teeth of the staminal tube.

Trise III. CEDRELEJE.—Stamens free. Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
ds winged. Leaves pinnate or rarely simple.

9. CEDRELA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, imbricate, Disk thick or raised, Stamens
6, inserted on the summit of the disk, alternating sometimes with as
Many staminodia, filaments subulate, anthers versatile. Ovary 5-celled, style
liform, with a disk-like stigma; ovules 8 to 12 in each cell, in 2 rows. Cap-
sule membranous or coriaceous, 5-celled, opening in 5 valves, leaving the dis-
sepiments attached to the persistent axis. Seeds flattened, winged ; albumen
Scanty ; cotyledons flat ; radicle short, superior. — Tall trees, with coloured
wood. Leaves pinnate. Flowers small, in large panicles. da
t genus is spread over tropical America and Asia, The Australian species is a common
1C one,

1. C. Toona, Roxb. Pl. Corom. iii. 33, £. 238. A tall, handsome tree,
quite glabrous or the young shogts minutely pubescent. Leaves large, deci-
duous ; leaflets 11 to 17, opposite or irregularly alternate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, oblique at the base, petiolulate, membranous.
Panicles large, pyramidal, many-flowered, glabrous. Pedicels short. e
orbicular, ciliate, very small. Petals nearly 3 lines long. Stamens 5, as long
as the petals, inserted in cavities on the outside of the very thick — mg
disk. Ovary half immersed in the disk. Capsule glabrous, oblong, 1 to 13
ay long.— Wight, Te. t. 161 ; C. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 4.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Herb. F. Mueller; Mackenzie's Station, Leichhardt,

N. S. Wales. Illawarra, Herb. F. Mueller. “ Red Cedar” of the colonists.

Var. parviflora. Petals scarcely 2 lines long.— Clarence river, W2eoz. i

, 20

6

388 XXXI. MELIACER.

10. FLINDERSIA, R. Br.
(Oxleya, A. Cunn. ; Strzeleckia, F. Muell.)

Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate in the bud, spreading. Disk
broad, concave. Stamens 5, inserted on the outside of the disk, with as many
or fewer staminodia alternating with them, sometimes wanting ; filaments
subulate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 5-celled, 5-lobed; style short, thick, in-
serted between the lobes; stigma capitate ; ovules 4 to 6 in each cell. Cap-
sule oblong, hard, tuberculate or muricate, opening septicidally in 5 boat-
shaped valves or cocci, without any persistent axis. Seeds flat, winged, 2 or
3 on each side of a flat placenta, which almost divides each cell into two;
albumen none; cotyledons flat, radicle very short.— Trees. Leaves alternate
or more frequently opposite, pinnate or rarely simple, marked with pellucid
dots. Flowers in terminal panicles.

The species are all endemic in Australia. The genus, although allied to Cedrela and
therefore placed by common consent in Meliace, is nevertheless, as observed by R. Brown
very closely connected with Rutacee-Zanthorylee, and might be very well placed there next
to Geijera, with which it is connected, especially through F. maculosa.

Leaves alternate (on different branches from the flowers). Petala to-

mentose outside. Seeds winged at one end only. . . . LE australis.
Leaves opposite (on the flowering branches). Petals glabrous outside
or nearly so.

Leaflets mostly 3 to 6 pairs, very oblique, slightly coriaceous.
gs ves almost sessile, broad at the base. Petals slightly hairy
E E EE ENEE
Leaflets narrowed into a distinct petiolule. Petals quite glabrous.
Seeds winged at both ends . S e E
Leaflets 3 or 5, short, oblique, very coriaceous. Seeds winged at
one end only . . E vg ac GRON X
Leaves simple or leaflets 3 to 5, narrow, with the petiole broadly

winged. Fruit small. Seeds winged at both ends . . .

9. P Schottiana. `

D

3. F. Orleyana.

H

4. F. Bennettiana.
5. F. maculosa.

1. F. australis, R. Br. in Flind. Voy. ii. 595,7. 1. A tree of moderate
size, with a rugged bark. Leaves alternate, crowded at the end of short
barren branches, glabrous; leaflets 3 to 6, broadly lanceolate or oblong-
elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, scarcely oblique.
Panicles much branched, terminating short branches without any leaves
except a few scale-like bracts, sprinkled with a stellate tomentum. Flowers
numerous. Calyx open, tomentose, with 5 short broad obtuse lobes. Petals
about 2 lines long, tomentose outside, exceptea narrow border, slightly pubes-
cent inside. Fruit almost woody, 2 or 3 in. long. Seeds (according to
the plate quoted) winged at the upper end only.

Queensland. Scrub near Upper Head, Broad Sound, R. Brown (Hb. R. Br.).

2. F. Schottiana, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 25. A tree of moderate size, or
sometimes tall. Leaves opposite, crowded under the panicle ; leaflets 8 to 12,
with or without a terminal odd one, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 4
to 5 in. long, more or less falcate, sessile, with a broad very oblique base, some-
what coriaceous, glabrous on both sides or soítly pubescent underneath when
young. Panicles ample and many-flowered, but not exceeding the leaves.

mms
Mr

Flindersia.] XXXI. MELIACER, 389

Petals about 2 lines long, glabrous outside, sprinkled on the inside as well as
the anthers with a few hairs. Fruit not seen.
Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Cumberland Islands, Herd. F, Mueller ; Brisbane

river, A. Cunningham.
N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Thozet ; Clarence river, Becker.

3. F. Oxleyana, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 65; iii. 25. A tall, much-branched
tree, attaining often 100 ft. Leaves opposite, crowded under the panicles ; leaf-
lets 4 to 10, with or without a terminal odd one, broadly lanceolate, obtuse or
shortly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, oblique and almost falcate, narrowed into
a distinct petiolule, glabrous or sprinkled underneath with minute stellate
hairs, thinly coriaceous, rather sparingly glandular-dotted. Panicles loose
and many-flowered, but shorter than the leaves. Sepals very small. Petals
about 2 lines long, obovate-oblong, glabrous or nearly so. Fruit woody, 3 to
4 in. long, muricate. Seeds winged at both ends.—Ovzleya aanthozyla, A.
Cunn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 246, t. 54.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller. “Yellow Wood”
of the colonists,

4. F. Bennetiana, P Muell. Herb. A large tree. Leaves opposite,
crowded under the panicles ; leaflets 3 or 5, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate or
oblong-elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long in some speci-
mens, 4 to 5 in. in others, glabrous, very coriaceous, not oblique, and scarcely
petiolulate, the common petiole angular. Panicles ample, sometimes short,
Sometimes exceeding the leaves, minutely stellate-pubescent. Petals about 2
lines long, rather broader than in F. Oxleyana, glabrous or nearly so. — Fruit
2 or 3 in. long, muricate. Seeds winged at the upper end only, or some with
à Very small wing also at the lower end, but only seen in one capsule.—
F. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 26, not of R. Brown.

p Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham,

raser, W. Hi.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

5. F. maculosa, F. Muell. in Journ. Pharm. Soc. Vict. ii. 44. A small
tree, the trunk remarkably spotted by the falling off of the outer bark in
patches. Leaves opposite or nearly so, glabrous, coriaceous, the glandular
dots often only visible on the young ones, in some specimens all simple,
mear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate and mucronate, 1 to 2 in.
ong or rather more; in other specimens a few of the leaves break out into 2
or 3 narrow continuous lobes, in others, again, all are pinnate, with 3 or 5
leaflets, like the simple leaves, but smaller, and a winged common petiole.

anicles terminal, rather dense, usually shorter than the leaves. Sepals
Scarcely 1 line long. Petals about 2 lines long, glabrous. Capsule oblong
and muricate, like those of the other species, but much smaller, often not more
than 1 in, long when fully ripe. Seeds winged at both ends and along the
ack.— Eleodendron maculosum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 384; Strze-
a dissosperma, F. Muell. in. Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 308; Flindersia
Streeleckiana, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 65.

Queensland, Scrub on the Burdekin and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; St. George’s
Bridge on the Balonne river, Mitchell ; Port Bowen and Broad Sound, Herb. F. Mueller.

" Spotted Tree ? of the colonists.

390 XXXI. MELIACEÆ. [.Flindersia.

N.S. Wales. Between the Darling aud Lachlan rivers, Victorian Expedition. :

The simple-leaved specimens which are the most frequent in N. S. Wales have much the
habit of Geijera, to which in fact the genus is very nearly allied; the pinnate-leaved speci-
mens are chiefly tropical, but not exclusively so.

Orper XXXII. OLACINEJZE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Calyx small, 4- or 5-,
rarely 6-toothed, free or adnate to the disk (in Cansjera scarcely distinguish-
able from the corolla). Petals 4, 5, or rarely 6, free or united in a campanu-
late or tubular corolla, valvate in the bud (except Villaresia). Stamens as
many or twice as many as petals or rarely fewer, adnate to the base of the
petals, or free and hypogynous; anthers 2-celled, versatile, or rarely adnate.
Disk free, or adnate to the ovary or to the calyx, or divided into scale-like
glands. Ovary free or immersed in the disk, 1-celled or imperfectly 2- or 3-
celled; style simple; stigma entire or lobed. Ovules 2, 3, or rarely 1, pen-
dulous from a central placenta into the imperfect cells, or from the side or
apex of the cavity. Fruit usually an indehiscent drupe, either superior or m-
ferior by the growth over it of the disk and tube of the calyx. Seed solitary,
pendulous, or sometimes, owing to the adnate nerve-like remains of the pla-
centa, apparently erect ; testa very thinly membranous; embryo very small in
the apex of a fleshy albumen, or larger and axile ; or, in a genus not Australian,
occupying the whole seed without albumen ; cotyledons flat or terete ; radicle
superior.—Trees, shrubs, or climbers. Leaves usually alternate, entire, penni-
nerved, without stipules. Flowers few and axillary, or rarely in terminal pani-
cles, usually small.

The Order is widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The
six Australian genera are none of them endemic, one extending to New Zealand, one to tro-
pical Asia, two to tropical Asia and Africa, one to tropical Asia and America, and one 18
common to Asia, Africa, and America. The Order is more nearly allied to Loranthacee
among Calyciflore, and especially to Santalacee among Monochlamydea, than to any (ex-
cept Ilicinea) of the Disciflore, amongst which it is technically placed. .

Tree I. Olacese.—Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, or if the same number
as petals, opposite to them. Ovary often 2- or 3-celled at the base, 1-celled at least at
the top; placenta central, with 2 or 3 pendulous ovules.

Calyx not enlarged after flowering. Stamens twice as many as petals;

anthers oblong orlinear . kc Seat RESI ës 3 e . 1, Zeg,
Calyx enlarged and enclosing the fruit. Stamens 3; staminodia (in

the Australian species) 5; anthers short . . . . . . . . . 9. OLAX

Trise II. Opiliese.— S/amens as many as petals and opposite to them. Ovary 1-
celled, with 1 ovule. *

Perianth apparently simple, shortly 4-lobed. Stamens 4, ineluded,
alternating with 4 glands orseales 2... . 2 ek wt
Calyx minute. Petals 5, free. Stamens 5, exserted, alternating with
bale. . 0... oue unde es 4. ee B. DEDE

8. CANSJERA.

Trise III. Teacinese.—Stamens as many as petals and alternate with them. Ovary
l-celled, with 1 or 2 pendulous ovules.
Petals strictly valvate. Ovule 1, the placenta not prominent. Flowers `

in a much-branched corymbose panicle, . . , . .-, . , . 5. PENNANTIA-

XXXII. OLACINER. 391

‘Petals slightly imbricate. Ovyules 2, the placenta forming a half-dis-
sepiment on one side of the cavity. Flowers in a narrow raceme-like
ERN OS Ee ea

Trise I. Oracrs.— Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, or if the
same number as petals, opposite to them. Ovary often 2- or 3-celled at the
oot l-celled at least at the top; placenta central, with 2 or 3 pendulous
ovules, ;

1. XIMENIA, Linn.

Calyx minutely 4- or 5-toothed, not enlarged after flowering. Petals
4 or 5, bearded inside, valvate in the bud. Stamens twice as many as petals,
free ; filaments filiform ; anthers linear, erect. Ovary 3-celled at the base ;
stigma capitate; ovules 3, descending into the incomplete cells from a central
Placenta. Drupe ovoid or globular, with a thick sarcocarp. ` Seed spuri-
ously erect ; embryo minute.—Shrubs or trees, often thorny. Flowers white,
rather large for the Order, in small axillary cymes or solitary.

The Australian species is spread over almost all tropical countries, the few other species
are American or African,

l. X. americana, Livn.; DC. Prod. i. 533. A glabrous shrub, or
Sometimes a small tree, with spreading branches, often armed with axillary
Spines (abortive peduncles). Leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, or scarcely
acute, 1 to 2 in, long, entire, the veins inconspicuous, except the midrib. Pe-
duncles short, bearing little cymes of 3 to 7 yellowish sweet-scented flowers,
rarely reduced to a single one. Petals 3 to 4 lines long, densely bearded in-
side with long white hairs. Drupe attaining 1 in. diameter or rather more.
—X. elliptica, Forst. ; Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 34, t. 37; X. lawrina,
Delile, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, xx. 89; X. exarmata, F. Muell. in Trans.
Phil. Inst. Vict. iii, 22.

_ N. Australia. Ranges of the Suttor and Mackenzie rivers, F. Mueller.. The species
Is widely spread over the tropical regions of both the New and the Old World, varying in
most places with or without thorns. The Pacific and New Caledonian X. elliptica has been
distinguished from the common form as having a globular, not elliptical fruit; but some of
dner’s specimens from Brazil have certainly also the fruit globular. F. Mueller's Aus-
tralian specimens, like the majority of those in our herbaria, are without fruit; they are
Unarmed, or have only small nascent spines in the axils of some of the young leaves.

2. OLAX, Linn.
(Spermaxyrum, Lauf.)

Calyx small, cup-shaped, truncate, enlarged after flowering and enclosing
the fruit. Petals 5 or 6, free, or slightly eohering, valvate in the bud. Sta-
mens usually 3, alternate with the petals, the filaments adnate to the petals
and connecting them in pairs; staminodia as many as petals and opposite
to them, filiform or flat, entire or 2-cleft. Ovary free, 1-celled, or very shortly
3-celled at the base; stigma entire or slightly 3-lobed ; ovules 3, pendulous
from a central placenta. Drupe globular or oblong, enclosed in the enlarged
calyx, but free from it, the sarcocarp thin. Seed spuriously erect; embryo
Very small in the apex of a fleshy albumen.— Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs,
rarely half climbing, the Australian species all erect shrubs, with small alter-

*

392 XXXII. OLACINER. [ Olax.

nate, entire, distichous leaves, the veins inconspicuous, except the midrib.
Flowers axillary, solitary in the Australian species, several in short racemes
or spikes in some others. . - : :

The genus is confined to the Old World, extending over tropical Asia and Africa. The
Australian species are all endemic, and differ from all except the E. Indian O. nana, Wall.,
in their solitary axillary flowers and small leaves, They have all 5 petals, 3 stamens, and
5 staminodia.

Staminodia undivided.

Leaves oval or broadly oblong, retuse. Flowers glabrous inside.
Staminodia subulate N our UE DOS ee
Leaves narrow-oblong, mucronate. Staminodia linear, bearded at
ih Re sper eR sibi barrio uH
Leaves reduced to minute scales. Flowers densely bearded inside.
Staminodia linear . . . . exe que aUo E
Staminodia 2-cleft to the middle.
Leaves rather thin, narrow, retuse (Eastern species) . . . . .
Leaves rather thick, from linear to obovate or obcordate (Western
EE. S uut oso pecus xr veh E is del Ee

1. O. phyllanthi, R. Br. Prod. 358. A shrub of 4 or 5 ft., the leafy

branches, when dry, having much the aspect of those of a Phyllanthus.
"Leaves oval or broadly oblong, truncate or emarginate, from 4 to 1 in. long,
sessile, with a broad base, thin, glabrous, and somewhat glaucous. Pedicels
very short, slender. Petals nearly 14 lines long, glabrous. Filaments flat-
tened below the middle; staminodia glabrous, undivided, subulate, shorter
than in the other species. Fruit ovoid-globular, about 2 lines long.—Sper-
mazyrum phyllanthi, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 84, t. 233 (the figure incorrect as
to the shape of the petals and anthers); Lopadocalyz phyllanthoides, Klotzsch,
in Pl. Preiss. i. 178, corrected to O. pAyllanthi, l. c. ii. 230.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Ladillardidre, R. Brown, and others; rocky
places near Albany, Preiss, n. 1211.

2. O. retusa, F. Muell. Herb. (as a var. of O. stricta), A glabrous
shrub, with the slender virgate branches of O. stricta. Leaves linear-cuneate
or narrow-oblong, truncate and emarginate, or almost 2-lobed, minutely mu-
cronate, rarely exceeding } in. and smaller on the lateral branches, rounded
at the base. Pedicels very short. Flowers about 2 lines long. Filaments

glabrous, dilated at the base; staminodia bearded below the middle, glabrous

above and divided into 2 linear lobes. Fruit ovoid-oblong, not exceeding 3
lines in the specimens seen. -= — —

Queensland. Moreton Island, M‘Gillivray, F. Mueller. This is believed by F-
Mueller to be a variety of O. stricta; but besides the shape of ‘the leaves, which is nearer

to that of O. phyllanthi, Y have found, in the few flowers I have been able to examine, the
staminodia always 2-cleft, as in O. Benthamiana and in the Indian species.
7 9. O. stricta, R. Br. Prod. 358. An erect, glabrous shrub, of 2 or 3
ft., with slender virgate branches. Leaves narrow-oblong or linear, acute OT

w

. O, phyllanthi.
3. O. stricta.

. 5. O. aphylla.
9. O; retusa.

4. O. Benthamiana.

obtuse, but always mucronate, X to 3 in. or rarely 2 in. long, flat, with a pro- `

minent midrib, narrowed or rarely rounded at the base. Pedicels scarcely 1
line long. Petals varying from 2 to 3 lines. Filaments flattened to very
near the anthers, glabrous; staminodia linear, entire, more or less bearded
below the middle. Fruit obovoid-oblong, often 4 lines long or rather more.

in

Olaz.] XXXII. OLACINE JE. 393

Queensland. Edges of lagoons, Moreton Island, P Mueller,
N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 130, and others ; Blue Mountains,
Miss Atkinson ; Port Macquarie, Backhouse ; barren brushes, N.W. interior, Fraser.

kO. Benthamiana, Mig. in Pl. Preiss. i. 228. A glabrous shrub of

about 2 ft., usually much-branched and more rigid than O. s/ric/a, and not
drying so black. “Leaves in the ordinary form linear or narrow-oblong in the
lower part of the branches, about $ in. long, terminating in a recurved point,
narrowed at the base, rather thick, convex underneath, with the midrib less
prominent than in the preceding species, the upper leaves, especially the floral
ones, passing into a short broadly obovate form; in a few luxuriant speci-
mens, all the leaves are obovate-oblong, 1 in. long or rather more ; in others,
all are broadly obovate, cuneate, or obcordate, + to in. long, and not mucro-
nate. Flowers 2 to 3 lines long as in U. stricta, but the staminodia are
pubescent only, or slightly bearded, and divided to the middle into 2 linear,
oblong, or spathulate lobes, nearly as long as the petals. Fruit globular, at-
taining 4 or 5 lines diameter.

WN. Australia. Bay of Rest, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. (A single specimen with
small obovate leaves.) :

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi. (Specimens with obovate leaves, not seen in
flower and therefore doubtful, although precisely resembling some W. Australian ones.)

. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2095, Oldfield, etc. (leaves mostly
narrow and pointed); Murchison river, Oldfield (leaves all obovate or oblong) ; Gardiner
and Kalgan rivers, Oldfield (leaves cuneate, emarginate, or obcordate) ; Swan River, Drum-
mond, n, 129 (leaves, especially the floral ones, small and broad, flowers small, the lobes of
the staminodia oblong-spathulate and petaloid). ds p

Lopadocalyx uliginosus, Kl. in Pl. Preiss. i. 178, corrected to Olax uliginosa, Kl. l. e. li.

» from swampy places in the plains between Mounts Melville and Elphinstone, Preiss, n.

1210, which I have not seen, would appear, from the very imperfect description given, to
the ordinary narrow-leaved form of O. Benthamiana.

5. O. aphylla, R. Br. Prod. 358. A shrub of several feet, with nu-
Merous, wiry, virgate, slightly pubescent branches. Leaves all reduced to
minute scales. Flowers very small, almost sessile in the axils of orbicular
ciliate bracts rather longer than the calyx, towards the ends of the branches.
Petals scarcely more than 1 line long, densely bearded inside about the mid-
dle. Staminodia linear and entire, or slightly spathulate and emarginate at

€ top. Fruit ovoid, about 2 lines long.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown; barren stony ridges on the Fitzmaurice river,
"P Mueller; Arnhem's Land, Leichhardt.

Trise IL. Oprirex.—Stamens as many as petals or corolla-lobes and op-
posite to them, usually alternating with as many hypogynous glands or scales.
Ovary 1-celled, with a single ovule, erect or suspended from an erect cent
Placenta. Seed spuriously or sometimes perhaps really erect ; radicle superior.

3. CANSJERA, Juss.

Perianth apparently simple, the calyx very minute and often not distin-
guishable, at te bese uf the tubular ae alee i 4-lobed corolla. — 4,
Opposite to the petals or corolla-lobes, and more or less adherent at - ^vi ;

laments filiform; anthers small. Hypogynous scales (or lobes of the A
4, alternating with the stamens. Ovary small, fleshy; ovule 1, apparently

D

394 XXXII. OLACINEA. [ Canyera,

erect or suspended from a short placenta in the centre of the minute cavity.
Drupe with a thin sarcocarp. Seed erect; embryo small or sometimes elon-
gated.— Weak or climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers small,
in short axillary spikes.

Besides the Australian species, which is also in New Ireland, the genus comprises 2 or
perhaps 3 from tropical Asia.

1. C. leptostachya, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 231. A climbing
shrub, glabrous or the young shoots very minutely tomentose. Leaves ovate-
lanceolate, long-aeuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, membranous, glabrous. Spikes 1

or 2 together in the axils, rarely exceeding 4 in. Flowers in the young bud `

strigose-pubescent, sessile in the axils of narrow minute bracts which soon
fall off, when fully open about 1 line long, nearly globular and glabrous, the
lobes very short and spreading. Filaments slender, but shorter than the pe-
rianth. Hypogynous scales short, broad, entire or rarely 3-toothed. Fruit
not seen.—Meisn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 519.

Queensland. Cape York and islands off the N.E. coast, 4. Cunningham, M *gilliwray.
The species is also in New Ireland. The flowers are about half the size of those of the oo:
mon C. Rheedii, Gmel., and I have not succeeded in detaching the calyx from the corolla, as
I have readily done in Malacca specimens of C. Rheedii or of an allied species.

4, OPILIA, Roxb.

Calyx minute, 5- or rarely 4-toothed. Petals 5, rarely 4, hypogynous,
valvate in the bud. Stamens as many, alternating with the petals, free ; fila-
ments filiform; anthers ovate. Disk of 5, rarely 4 scales, alternating with
the stamens. Ovary 1-celled, tapering into a short thick truncate style;
ovule solitary, suspended from a central filiform placenta very early adnate to
it. Drupe with a thin sarcocarp and crustaceous endocarp. Seed spuriously
erect; embryo linear, short, or nearly as long as the albumen.—Shrubs or
small trees, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers in axil-
lary racemes; pedicels 3 together in the axils of peltate bracts, which are im-
bricate at an early stage but fall off before the flowers expand.

A genus of 2 or perhaps 3 species, natives of tropical Asia and Africa, the Australian
Species one of the widest dispersed.

sd o. amen Roxb, Pl. Corom. ii. 31, € 158. A scrambling half-
climbing shrub or s weak tree, glabrous, or the young leaves and shoots.
minutely tomentose-pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or
almost oblong, acute or acuminate, 2 to 3 or even 4 in. long, or rarely shorter
and very obtuse, entire, thinly coriaceous, the veins usually prominent though
fine, Racemes before flowering resembling little cylindrical cones of } in.
the peltate imbricate but almost squarrose bracts alone visible, when in flower
slender, about 1 in. long, without bracts. Flowers very small, on filiform
pedicels of about 1 line. Petals about 3 line long, very deciduous. Drupe
ovoid or globular, $ to 3 in. long. Embryo linear, nearly as long as the al-
bumen.—Wight, Illustr. t. 40; O. javanica, Miq, Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 184.

N. Australia. York Sound, N.W. coast, A. - Mieteris di e, F.
Mueller; Port Essington, Armstrong ; te gb oat gm he Indian
Peninsula, im Ceylon and in Java. O. pentitdis, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 246, from New

Guinea, is also probably, as he himself suggests, the same species. The fruit is on some

Opilia.] XXXII. OLACINES. 395

Indian specimens globular, as described by Roxburgh. Wight figures it as ovoid, and so it
appears to be on Horsfield’s Javanese specimens, and certainly on F. Mueller’s from Victoria
river. All our other specimens from India as well as from Australia are in flower only or
with young fruit,

TRIBE II. Icactnz#.—Stamens as many as petals or corolla-lobes, and
alternate with them. Ovary 1-celled, with 2, rarely 1 ovule, pendulous from
one side or the apex of the cavity. Seed pendulous.

5. PENNANT'IA, Forst.

Flowers dicecious or polygamous. Calyx minute. Petals 5, hypogynous,
glabrous, valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals; an-
thers oblong-sagittate. Ovary l-celled; stigma nearly sessile, entire or 3-
lobed; ovule solitary, suspended from the apex of the cavity. Drupe with a
hard putamen, or almost baccate with a slightly coriaceous endocarp. Seed
pendulous ; embryo small within the apex of the fleshy albumen.— Trees.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, entire or (in New Zealand species) coarsely toothed.
Flowers in terminal corymbose panicles.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, there is one from Norfolk Island and
another from New Zealand. ; :

l3 Cunninghamii, Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, ix. 491, and
Contrib. 80, 1. 18. A glabrous, suberect, tall shrub. Leaves ovate or broadl
elliptical, acuminate, 4 to 6 in. long, entire, coriaceous and shining when old,
narrowed into a petiole of 3 in. or more. Flowers numerous, in broad rather
dense panicles, either terminal or in the upper axils, the males only known.
Calyx scarcely prominent. Petals nearly 13 lines long. Filaments bent in
below the summit in the bud ; anthers oblong, sagittate. Rudimentary ovary
narrow, with 2 or 3 erect style-like lobes, and occasionally containing an im-
perfect pendulous ovule. Drupes or berries ovoid, about $ in. long, the en-
docarp scarcely hardened. Seed pendulous; testa thinly membranous; em-
bryo much shorter than the albumen.

N. S. Wales. Illawarra district, A. Cunningham, M'Arthur, Shepherd; Kiama,
Harvey ; Clarence river, Moore. The ovaries described by Miers appear to me to have

imperfect, at least I find none but male flowers in the spetimen he examined, nor in
. Ny others I have seen, It is probable that the female flowers, as in the New Zealand spe-

aes, are smaller, and have therefore not attracted the notice of collectors.

6. VILLARESIA, Ruiz and Pav.
(Pleuropetalum, Blume; Chariessa, Mig.)

Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 5, distinct, broad, imbri-
cate. Petals 5, with the midrib prominent inside, imbricate or almost valvate
in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals; anthers cordate. Ovary
l-celled, the cavity marked on one side with a raised ridge half dividing it ;
Style short, thick; ovules 2, suspended from the summit of the raised ridge.

rupe ovoid or globular, the endocarp forming a prominent half-dissepiment
Which penetrates into a deep vertical furrow in the seed. Embryo small, in

he apex of the albumen.—Lofty trees (or tall woody climbers ?). Leaves

`

396 XXXII. OLACINEJE. [Villaresia.

alternate, coriaceous, entire or toothed. Flowers in small cymes, along the
simple rhachis of a raceme-like panicle.

Besides the Australian species, which may be endemic, there is one (perhaps not really
different) from the Indian Archipelago, one from the S. Pacific islands, and several from 8.
America. The genus is exceptional in Olacinee by the more or less imbricate petals. I
have not seen the 2 cells to the ovary which Miers met with in one species, possibly in acci-
dentally abnormal flowers.

1. V. Moorei, P Muell. Herb. A lofty handsome tree, glabrous ex-
cept the inflorescence. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 3 to 4
in. long, entire, narrowed into a short petiole, coriaceous and shining, but not
so thick as in the American species. Raceme-like panicles irregularly lateral `
or axillary, 2 to 4 in. long, hoary with a minute pubescence. Cymes nu-
merous, few-flowered, on short peduncles along the rhachis. Flowers almost
sessile in the cymes, those seen all males. Petals 1 line long, very slightly
imbricate. Drupes globular, the putamen hard, about $ in. diameter, rugose
outside, the hal(-dissepiment projecting quite to the centre of the cavity and
there slightly thickened, forming a column, up the centre of which the pla-
centa appears to pass, as if the endocarp had grown over it as in the New
Zealand Pennantia. Seed quite enclosing the half-dissepiment, its transverse
section being horseshoe-shaped. d

N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Moore. The Javanese V. suaveolens (Pleuropetalum
suaveolens, Blume) is unknown to me, but must, from the character given, be nearly allied

to this species. V. Samoensis (Pleuropetalum Samoense, A. Gr.) which we have also from
the Fiji islands, appears to be quite distinct.

Order XXXIII. ILICINEA.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx of 4 or 5, rarely 3 or
more than 5 sepals, imbricate, usually persistent. Petals 4 or 5 or rarely
more, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud, sometimes united in a lobed corolla.
Stamens of the same number as petals, hypogynous, free or adhering to the
corolla at the base; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. Disk none, except
the thickened base of the ovary. Ovary free, 3- to 5-celled, rarely many-
celled; stigma broad or capitate, sessile or supported on a distinct style.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, pendulous, with a superior micropyle. Fruit a
drupe, with as many one-seeded pyrenes as cells. Seeds pendulous; testa
membranous; embryo very small in the apex of a fleshy albumen.—Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, without stipules. Flowers small, in axil-
lary umbels or cymes, rarely solitary or terminal. Fruits small.

The Order, limited to the large genus J/ex, and two small ones separated from it, is dis-
persed over the greater part of the world, but most abundant in America, very rare however
in Africa, absent from New Zealand, and represented by one species only in Australia,

1. BYRONIA, Endl.
Petals and stamens 5 or more. Ovary-cells and pyrenes of the fruit 10 or
more. Other characters and habit those of the Order.

Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus only comprises two others,
from the islands of the Pacific. x t ,

Byronia.) XXXIII. ILICINES. 397

l. B. Arnhemensis, 7. Muell. Fragm.ii.119. A shrub or tree, per-
fectly glabrous. Leaves elliptical, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 3 to 5 in.
long, entire, coriaceous, shining above, narrowed into a petiole of 3 to 4 in.
Umbels few-flowered, on axillary or lateral peduncles of about 4 in., some-
times several in a short axillary leafless branch. Flowers not seen. Fruiting
pedicels 3 or 4 lines long. Fruit (not quite ripe) small, nearly globular,
umbonate, the persistent calyx small, of 5 to 7 sepals. Pyrenes about 12.

N. Australia. Valleys near Providence Hill, Arnhem’s Land, F. Mueller.

Onnen XXXIV. CELASTRINER.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx small, persistent,
4- or 5-cleft, rarely 3- or 6- cleft. Petals as many as calyx-segments, spread-
mg, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as petals and
alternate with them, inserted round the base or on the margin of the disk,
or upon the disk itself; filaments usually short, incurved ; anthers short, 2-
celled, the cells in a few genera confluent into one. Disk usually conspicu-
ous, more or less fleshy, flat or broadly cup-shaped, or thick and conical, nearly
free, or adnate to the base of the calyx or confluent with the ovary. Ovary
sessile on the disk, 9- to 5-celled, tapering to a short style with an entire or
lobed stigma ; ovules usually 2 in each cell, ascending with a ventral raphe,
occasionally several, rarely 1 only, or pendulous with a dorsal raphe. Fruit
à capsule, berry, drupe, or samara, rarely divided into distinct carpels. Seeds
usually enveloped in an arillus, sometimes winged ; albumen fleshy or almost

orny or none; embryo usually rather large, with flat cotyledons and a short
tadicle next to the hilum.— Trees or shrubs, occasioually thorny, or woody
climbers, Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed. Stipules minute
and very deciduous or none. Flowers small, white or greenish, in axillary
cymes or small racemes or in terminal panicles.

„A considerable Order, dispersed over the greater part of the globe, more abundantly
within the tropics than in temperate regions. Of the six Australian genera one only is en-
demie, the others are all Asiatic, one extends to Africa and S. Europe but is not American,
one ìs also tropical American but not hitherto found in Africa, and two are both in America
and Africa. "The peculiar disk’ readily characterizes the greater number of genera, where
that is wanting the insertion of the ovules and inferior radicle are the chief points separating
Celastrinee from Deise ; from Rhamnee, with which the real affinity is much closer, the
stamens alternatiug with the petals is a constant distinctive mark. The majority of Celas-
‘inee assume also when dry a peculiar pale-green colour, very rare in allied Orders.

Trine I. Celastreze.—Siamens the same number as petals, inserted round the disk
07 on ils margin. Seeds albuminous. :
Leaves alternate, Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule loculicidal, coria-

ceous, . :

Gë in racemes or panicles. Stamens on the margin of the
ee G - LJ LE Lg HM H LI *

]. CErASTRUS.
9. GYMNOSPORIA,

Flowers in cymes, Siamens under the disk |; lo
sed alternate. Ovules 3 or more in each cell, — eegen
ü i j argius o

: the al ue bony. Flowers in cymes. emere ber s z rgi N Pos
ves mostly opposite. Ovules 2 in each cell, Drupe indehiscent,

sodell Lo. Ze eee er ee Fen

*

4. ELEODENDRON.

398 XXXIV. CELASTRINE.

Leaves alternate. Ovules numerous in separate cells. Drupe inde- pA SEE s
hiscent, with numerous pyrenes . . o . p + «© © + + « 9, SIPHO .

Trier 11. Hippocrateæ.— Stamens usually 3, with a 5-merous calyx and corolla,
inserted on the disk ; filaments usually recurved at the top. Albumen none. `

Leaves opposite. Ovules 2 or several in each cell. Carpels distinct,
flat, "ply Seeds winged . . . . . - w+ + © e « 6, Hippocratea.

TRIBE J. Cetastre®.—Stamens the same number as petals, inserted
round its disk or on its margin, the filaments usually incurved. Seeds albu-
minous.

1. CELASTRUS, Linn.
Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk broad,

concave. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk; filaments subulate, -

flattened at the base ; anthers ovoid or oblong. Ovary not immersed in the
disk, 2- to 4-celled ; style usually short, the stigma lobed, spreading ; elen,
2, collateral, erect, the funicle cup-shaped. Capsule globular oblong or 0
ovoid, coriaceous, 2- to 4-celled, opening loculicidally. Seeds 1 or 2 in eac
cell, usually enveloped partially or wholly in a fleshy arillus, sometimes con-
necting the seeds in a mass, sometimes nearly or quite wanting; testa mem-
branous or almost erustaceous ; albumen fleshy; cotyledons leafy.—Trees or
shrubs, often climbing, unarmed. Leaves alternate, petiolate, entire, or m
rate. Stipules minute and deciduous, or none. Flowers small, in termina
or axillary oblong panicles or racemes. Pedicels articulate. Bracts very
small,

The genus extends chiefly over tropical and eastern extratropical Asia, with 1 Mascarene

and a few N, American species. The Australian species are all endemic, although one
nearly allied to a common Indian one.

Tall climber. Panicles terminal. Ovary 3-celled >. . . . . . l. C. australis.
Trees or tall shrubs. Racemes or pedicels lateral or axillary. Ovary
2-celled.
Leaves ovate or elliptical.

Leaves quite entire, much narrowed into a long petiole.

Flowers 5-merous, . . . ro ge R | 3 5 Muelleri.
Flowers 4-merous. . .*. . .. . . . . . . . 8. C. dispermus.
Leaves entire or toothed, petiole short. Flowers 5-merous . 4. C. bilocularis.

Leaves linear or narrow-lanceolate, entire. . . . . . . B. C. Cunninghami.

l. C. australis, Harv. and Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 41. A
tall, woody, glabrous climber. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to oblong-ellip-
tical or lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire or minutely and usually
remotely serrate, narrowed into a petiole of 1 to 3 lines. Panicles terminal,

or rarely in the upper axils, narrow, loose, rarely above 2 in. long. Flowers

white. Calyx-lobes broad, rounded, ciliate. Petals twice as long, attaining
a little more than 1 line, broadly ovate or orbicular. ` Disk almost free from
the calyx. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, with 3 spreading stigmatic lobes.
Capsule nearly globular, rarely exceeding 3 lines diameter. Seeds enveloped
in a fleshy arillus.—Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 265; F. Muell. Fragm. m. 94.

Queensland. Burnett and Dawson rivers and Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R, Brown; northward to Clarence river, Beckler,

.—

Celastrus.] XXIV. CELASTRINEA. 399

Wilcox ; New England, C. Stuart; southward to Illawarra, A. Cunningham, Backhouse,
M Arthur.

Victoria. Moist forests on the Snowy and Buchan rivers, F, Mueller.

The species differs slightly from the E. Indian C. paniculatus, Willd., in the narrower and
more acuminate, not obovate leaves, usually more coriaceous, and in the rather smaller
flowers and fruits.

?. C. Muelleri, Benth. Probably a tree, quite glabrous, flowering be-
fore the leaves are fully out. Branches apparently weak and slender. Leaves
in our specimens still young, elliptical or broadly lanceolate, acutely acumi-
nate, quite entire, narrowed into a rather long petiole. Flowers small, white,
in simple lateral racemes of about } in., occasionally growing out into leafy
branches. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, articulate about the middle, thickened under
the flower. Calyx-lobes 5, ovate, half as long as the petals. Petals 5, ob-
long, about 13 lines long. Disk broad, adnate to the calyx at the base
only. Ovary 2-celled, tapering into a very short style, with 2 scarcely pro-
minent stigmatic lobes. Adult leaves and fruits not seen.

N. Australia. Near Macadam Range, F. Mueller. Thad at first thought that this

might have been the flowering state of C. dispermus, but the flowers are constantly 5-
merous,

3. C. dispermus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 31. A
` Small glabrous tree. Leaves elliptical, obovate-oblong, or rarely broadly lan-
ceolate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, quite entire, much nar-
rowed into a rather long petiole. Racemes axillary or lateral, not seen in
flower, when in fruit 1 to 12 in. long, the pedicels 1 to 2 lines. Persistent
calyx very small, with 4 triangular lobes. Capsule obovoid or obcordate,
slightly compressed, 3 to 4 lines long, 2-celled and 3-valved, with usually 2
seeds, covered at the base, according to F. Mueller, with a thick arillus, but I
find no remains of it on our specimens ; very rarely the capsule is 3-angled
and 3-celled. : pode
ss i oreton Bay, E Mueller; Port nison,
ope eat raring be int: ge doubts Lm remain as to the affinities of
Species.
4. C. bilocularis, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 91. A
small much-branched glabrous. tree. Leaves ovate, oblong, or broadly
ceolate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 13 to 24 or very rarely 3 in. long,
entire sinuate or bordered by acute teeth, rounded or cuneate at the base, on «
short petiole. Racemes axillary or lateral, rarely 1 in. long. Pedicels 1 to
lines, Calyx-lobes 5, broad and short. Petals 5, ovate, about 1 line long.
Ovary 2-ceiled ; style exceedingly short, with 2 broad short spreading stig-
matic lobes. Capsule 2-valved, coriaceous, pear-shaped or nearly globular,
Under 3 lines diameter, Seeds enclosed in a thin — ROS vs
urnett rivers, F. Mueller; Bris e an B
vis ad (all with gen slightly Se leaves); Warwick, Beekler (with sharply toothed
Ves),

5. C. Cunni ii, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst, Vict. ii. 30. A
tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous and often somewhat glaucous, are
inear or narrow-lanceolate, mucronate, 2 to 3 in. long in some specimens, n
under 1 in, in others, entire, rigid, the midrib alone prominent underneath.

400 . XXXIV. CELASTRINEAX. [ Celastrus.

Flowers small, in short loose axillary or lateral racemes, occasionally growing
out into leafy-branches. Pedicels slender, 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx-lobes 5,
orbieular, not ciliate. Petals broadly ovate, about 1 line long. Disk rather
thick, but less so than in Gymnosporia. Ovary 2-celled, with a short style
and 2 short spreading stigmatic lobes. Capsule globular or ovoid, 2 lines
diameter, or rather more, 2-valved, 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy
arillus.— Catha Cunninghamii, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 387.

" N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Muel/er; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R.

TO.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Moreton Bay ?, 4. Cunningham ; Rock-
hampton, Tozet; Warwick, Becker ; St. George's Bridge, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Hunters River, R. Brown; Hastings, Clarence,
and Macleay rivers, Becker ; New England, C. Stuart ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ;
Penrith and St. Aubyn’s, Backhouse ; Paramatta, Woolls ; Lachlan river, 4. Cunningham.

This and the three preceding species appear to have the erect habit but not the cymose m-

florescence nor the thick disk of Gymmosporia, and the stamens always proceed from the
margin of the disk.

2. GYMNOSPORIA, W. and Arn.

Calyx 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted
under the disk; filaments subulate; anthers short. Disk broad, sinuate or
lobed. ` Ovary attached by a broad base or partially immersed in the disk, 2-
or 3-celled ; style short ; stigma 2- or 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule
obovoid or nearly globular, 2- or 3-celled, opening loculicidally. Seeds 1 or
2 in each cell, the arillus complete or imperfeet, or sometimes wanting ; testa
coriaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons leafy.—Shrubs or small trees, the
small branches often thorny. Leaves alternate, entire or serrate, without
— Flowers small, in dichotomous cymes, either axillary or on the old
nodes.

The genus is widely diffused over the warmer regions of the Old World, one species being

found as far north as Spain, and a few extending to the Pacific islands. ‘The Australian
species is an Indian and African one.

1. G. montana, W. and Arn. Prod. 159 (under Celastrus). A tall gla-
brous shrub or small tree, the smaller branches occasionally terminating M
stout thorns. Leaves obovate, very obtuse, 13 to 22 or rarely 3 in. long, git:
tire or minutely erenulate, narrowed into a petiole of 2 or 3 lines, membranous
or thinly coriaceous, of a pale-green. Cymes 2 or 3 together in the axils or
on the old nodes, rarely above 1 in. long, with slender dichotomous branches.
Calyx-lobes 5, very short, broad, ciliate. Petals 5, obovate, about 1 line
long. Ovary 3-celled ; style very short, with 3 spreading stigmatic lobes.
Capsule flat at the top, obtusely 3-angled, about 3 lines diameter in the
Australian specimens, usually smaller in India. Arillus of the seeds cup-
shaped.— Celastrus montanus, Roxb.; W. and Arn. l.c., with all the syno-
. nyms quoted; Wight, Ic. PL t. 382.

Queensland. Cape York, M'Gillieray. Common in the Indian Peninsula, and ap-
parently the same as the tropical African Celastrus senegalensis, Lam,; I have seen no
specimens from the Indian Archipelago. The Austr.

is frequent] th with Indi ith which o t e t the
y the case wi ndian ones, with which t] i S ZC
1 les: ney agree m every respec p

XXXIV. CELASTRINES. i 401

3. DENHAMIA, Meisn.
(Leucocarpon, 4. Rich.)

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk ;
filaments subulate ; anthers ovate. Disk broadly cupular, rather thick. Ovary
l-celled, with 3, or rarely 4 or 5 parietal placentas, or completely divided into
às many cells ; style short, with as many stigmatic lobes as cells or placentas.
Ovules 3 to 8 to each cell or placenta. Capsule ovoid or globular, opening
in thick woody or bony valves, bearing the placentas or dissepiments in their
centre. Seeds enclosed in a fleshy arillus ; albumen fleshy; cotyledons flat.
—Shrubs or small trees, glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaves alter-
nate, rigid, entire, or toothed. Flowers small, in few-flowered cymes or
racemes.

The genus is exclusively Australian, and, on account of the parietal placentation of two
species, has been by some referred to Birinee ; but the disk, stamens, general habit, etc.,
are those peculiarly characteristic of Celastrinea.

Ovary 1-celled ; placentas (4- to 8-ovulate) not meeting in the axis.
Veins of the leaves not very prominent.
Owers racemose. Style distinc: . . . . . . + ss l. D. oleaster.

Flowers in cymes or narrow panicles. Style very short, branched 2. D. obscura.
Ovary 3-celled, placentas (3- or 4-ovulate) united in the axis. Leaves

prominently veined . 3. D. pittosporoides.

LL D. oleaster, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. iii. 29. A tall
shrub with slender branches. Leaves lanceolate, acute, or rarely obtuse, 2 to
3 1n. long, entire or remotely toothed, narrowed into a very short petiole,
coriaceous, the veins scarcely conspicuous. - Flowers in short, simple, axillary
or terminal racemes, the pedicels very rarely bearing 2 flowers. Calyx-seg-
ments broadly ovate or orbicular. Petals nearly 2 lines long. Disk thicker,
and filaments longer than in the other two species. Ovary 1-celled, tapering
Into a style of at least 1 line, the stigmatic lobes very short. Placentas 3,
With 4 to 6 ovules to each. Fruit not seen.—Jelicytus (?) oleaster, Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 383.

Queensland. St. George's Bridge, Balonne river, Mitchell.

2. D. obscura, Meisn. in Walp. Rep. i. 203. A tall shrub or small
tree, the young branches generally tere Leaves mostly oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, with often wavy margins, narrowed
Anto a rather long petiole, coriaceous, finely but not prominently veined; on

n branches the leaves are sometimes broadly ovate and bordered by
Coarse prickly teeth like those of a Holly. Flowers in small pedunculate
cymes in the upper axils, or forming a short oblong terminal panicle. Calyx-
Segments ovate. Petals rather broad, 1} lines long. Ovary 1-celled, with

to 5 placentas; style very short, with 3 to 5 oblong-linear stigmatic `
branches, Ovules 4 to 8 to each placenta. Capsule ovoid or globular, at-
taining about 1 in., of a pale-whitish hue when dry, the thick valves bearing
slightly projecting placentas along their centre.—Leucocarpon obscurum, A.
Ich. Sert. Astrol. 46, t. 18; Denkamia xanthosperma, F. Muell. Trans. Phil.
t. iii. 28, and D. heterophylla, F. Muell. Le 29.
N. Australia. York Sound, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham ; wer Tsland (not

402 XXXIV. CELASTRINEE. [Denhamia.

Moreton Bay), Fraser; Victoria river and Arnhem’s Land, F. Mueller; Port Essington,
Armstrong. 3

Queensland, Mitchell; Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Newcastle range, between Gilbert
and Burdekin rivers, F. Mueller.

3. D. pittosporoides, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. ii. 30. A
tree, the trunk, according to Thozet, beautifully striated. Leaves lanceolate
or rarely ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, obtusely serrate,
narrowed into a petiole, coriaceous, with very prominent pinnate and reticu-
late veins, not so glaucous as in the other two species. Cymes pedunculate,
few-flowered, on short leafless branches on the old wood or at the base of
young leafy branches. Calyx-segments broadly orbicular. Petals ovate,
about 1 line long, rather thick at the base. Ovary fleshy, completely 3-celled,
with 3 or 4 ovules in each cell. Capsule globular, attaining in our specimens
1 in. or rather more, but many of them opening when not half that size, the
thick woody valves bearing the dissepiments on their centre.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; sources of the Burnett river, C. Moore; Rock-
hampton, Thozet ; Warwick, Beckler ; Keppel Bay and Fitzroy river, Herd. F. Mueller.

4. ELZEODENDRON, Jacq. f.

Flowers often polygamous. Calyx 4- or 5-cleft, rarely 3-cleft. Petals as
many as calyx-segments, spreading. Disk thick. Stamens as many as petals,
inserted under the edge of the disk; filaments short; anthers nearly globular.
Ovary continuous with the disk, conical, 3-celled, rarely 2- or 4- or 5-celled;
style very short; ovules 2 in each cell. Drupe succulent or nearly dry, the
putamen hard, 1-2- or 3-celled. Seeds usually solitary, without any arillus;
testa membranous or spongy ; albumen scanty or copious, cotyledons flat.—
Shrubs or small trees, usually quite glabrous. Leaves opposite or alternate,
entire or crenate. Flowers small, in dichotomous cymes, usually axillary or
lateral, often clustered.

The species are numerous in East India and southern Africa, with a very few in tro-
I America; none are known from tropical Africa. The two Australian ones are en-

c.
Ovary 2-celled. Drupe red. Veins of. (he leaves scarcely con-

MONRO RUE 2. 4 EE cee: ts oe ow do I mirae.
Ovary 3-celled. Drupe black. Veins of the leaves conspicuous on

EE 9. E. melanocarpum.

l. E. australe, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 117. A glabrous, small or
middle-sized tree. Leaves opposite, or here and there alternate, ovate, ob-
ovate, elliptical, or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4
in. long, entire or broadly crenate, narrowed into a very short petiole, coria-
ceous, the reticulate veins slightly prominent underneath and scarcely ost:
cuous above. Flowers 4-merous, in slender cymes, much shorter than t
leaves. Calyx-segments broadly ovate. Petals from a little more than 1
line to nearly 2 lines long, ovate, often broadly and shortly 3-lobed. Ovary
confluent with the disk in a conical mass, 2-celled ; style either very short oF
attaining $ line. Drupe ovoid or globular, rarely above à in. long, of $
bright-red colour, which it often retains in the dried specimens. Putamen
hard and woody, usually 1-seeded, but showing the traces of the abortive cell.

Llaodendron.] XXXIV. CELASTRINER. 403

Albumen copious.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 61 ; Portenschlayia australis, Tratt.
Arch. t. 250.

Queensland. Wide Bay aud Moreton Bay, €. Moore ; Ipswich, Nernst.

N. S. Wales. Hunter's River, R. Brown ; Hastings, Macleay, and Clarence rivers,
Beckler ; Illawarra, 4. Cunningham and others; Kiama, Harvey.

Var. angustifolia. Leaves lanceolate or narrow-oblong, entire or nearly so; fruit more
ellipsoid.—Portenschlagia integrifolia, Tratt. Arch. t. 284; Eleodendron integrifolium,

G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 12.—-Burnett, Dawson, and Pine rivers, in Queensland, F. Mueller ;
Warwick, Beckler.
According to F, Mueller, the fruit in E australe is occasionally 3-celled; but this must
rarely the case, as I have never found more than 2 cells to the ovary in any of the nu-
merous specimens I have examined. The above references to Trattinick’s Archiv are quoted
after G. Don ; I do not find the second volume of that work in any of our libraries.

2. E. melanocarpum, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 62. A glabrous tree.
Leaves opposite, obovate or oval-elliptical, broadly crenate, scarcely to be dis-
tinguished from those of Æ. australe, except that the veins are more conspicu-
ous on the upper as well as the lower side. Flowers smaller than in Æ. australe,
the males more numerous, in slender cymes like those of the small-flowered
Indian Zippocrateas, usually 3-merous. Female flowers in less-branched
cymes and often 4-merous. Ovary 3-celled, but very imperfect in the flowers
examined. Drupe ovoid or globular, shining-black, rather larger than in Z.
australe, the hard putamen always 3-celled, or showing the traces of a second
or third cell when reduced to one. Albumen copious.

N Australia. Arnhem North Bay, R. Brown. `

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Port Bowen, 4. Cunningham ; Fitzroy and
Lizard Islands, M ‘Gillivray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

5. SIPHONODON, Griff.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading. Disk not distinct from the base of
the calyx. Stamens 5, connivent round the pistil, the filaments flattened.

ary half immersed in the disk or base of the calyx, conical, the summit
hollowed and stigmatic in the cavity round a central style-like column ; cells
numerous, in 2 to 4 series ; ovules solitary in each cell, alternately ascending
and pendulous. Drupe globular, hard-fleshy, with numerous 1-seeded bony `
pyrenes superposed in rings of about 10 round the central axis. Testa of the
seed membranous ; albumen almost horny; cotyledons large, flat; radicle
short.—Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, entire or crenate. Stipules minute,
deciduous. Peduncles short, axillary, few-flowered.

Besides the Australi ies, which is endemic (and referred to this genus from the
SCH it chere sey Ga fos the Indian Archipelago, from which the floral characters

en.

l. S. (?) australe, Benth. A tree of 40 ft. or more. Leaves obovate or
broadly oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or slightly sinuate, coriaceous,
drying of the pale colour so frequent in Celastrineg. Flowers unknown.

eduncles very short, bearing 1 or 2 fruits on pedicels of 4 to $ in., as in

S. celastrineus, Griff. Drupe globular, $ to 1 in. diameter, the flesh hard

and dry, with the stigmatic scar at the top, and the scar of the calyx at the

base, as in S. celastrineus. Nuts numerous, appearing to have been arranged

in 2 rows in each of 5 cells, irregularly ovoid, somewhat ge RY 3 to 4
D

404 XXXIV. CELASTRINES. [ Siphonodon.

lines long. Testa of the seed brown; albumen not very thick; cotyledons
broadly ovate.

Queensland. Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler.

Until the flowers have been seen, this plant must remain in some measure doubtful, but
the habit and fruit are so nearly those of S. celastrineus, that I have little hesitation in re-
ferring it to that genus, The ovary must probably be considered as 5-celled with many
ovules in each cell, separated by spurious transverse dissepiments.

Trips IL. Hrprocrarex.—Stamens usually 3 only, with a 5-merous
calyx and corolla, inserted on the disk itself; filaments usually incurved at
the base but recurved under the anther, which thus opens outwards. Seeds
without albumen.

6. HIPPOCRATEA, Linn.

Calyx small, 5-cleft. Petals 5, valvate or imbricate. Stamens usually 3,
the filaments thick at the base, connivent round the ovary, recurved at the
top; anthers at first divided into 2 or 4 cells, at length confluent into 1
transverse cell. Disk conical or broad. Ovary 3-celled, style short, stigma
3-lobed ; ovules:2 or more in each cell. Fruit of 3 distinct, flat, coriaceous
carpels, opening along the middle in 2 boat-shaped valves. Seed compressed,
usually produced at the base into a wing adnate to the raphe; albumen
none; embryo in the upper end of the seed ; cotyledons flat, connate ; radicle
inferior.-*- Small trees or woody climbers. Leaves opposite, entire or serrate.
Stipules very small and deciduous. Flowers in axillary cymes or panicles.

A large genus, widely distributed over tropical Asia, Africa, and America, the Australian
species being one of the common Asiatic ones. It belongs to the section with comparatively
large flowers and valvate petals. The other section common in India, including H. indica,
with minute globular flowers and imbricate petals, has not yet been observed in Australia.

1. H. obtusifolia, Boch, - JF. and Arn. Prod. 104, var. barbata. A
tall, woody, glabrous climber. Leaves ovate, obovate, or oblong, obtuse or
obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, entire, coriaceous, somewhat shining.
Flowers in short, loose, axillary cymes, the upper ones forming sometimes large
leafy terminal panicles. Petals fully 2 lines long, lanceolate, rather thick,
valvate in the bud, and in the Australian specimens bearded inside above the
middle, the disk and ovary also occasionally villous or pubescent. Ovules 6
to 10 in each cell of the ovary. Carpels about 2 in. long, either broadly ob-
long and entire or broader and emarginate at the top.—H. macrantha, Korth.
Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 187, t. 39; H. baebata, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil.
Inst. Vict. iii. 23. 1

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

NS Wales. Clarence eed, Beckler. The jiis is widely distributed over tro-
pical Asia. The common Indian form, figured in Wight, Ic. t. 963, has glabrous petals, but
Gebiet E — m as described by Korthals from Borneo, and of which we have

wes : ; ch
both on the petals iil ovy sient lod eris rig mM e ee

Orpver XXXV. STACKHOUSIEJE.
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx small, 5-lobed or 5-cleft. Petals

e A

—

XXXV. STACKHOUSIES. 405

5, perigynous, with elongated claws, usually free at the base, but united up-
wards in a tubular corolla, with spreading lobes, imbricate in the bud. Disk
thin, lining the calyx-tube. Stamens 5, inserted on the margin of the disk ;
filaments free, slender ; anthers oblong. Ovary free, 2- to 5-lobed, 2- to 5-
celled ; style single, with 2 to 5 lobes, stigmatic along the inner side. Ovules
solitary in each cell, erect, anatropous. Fruit of 2 to 5 globular, angular, or
winged indehiscent cocci, at length seceding from the axis. Seeds solitary,
erect; testa membranous; albumen fleshy; embryo straight; cotyledons
short ; radicle inferior.—Herbs, usually forming a perennial stock, with erect,
little branched, virgate stems, often assuming a yellowish colour, rarely dwarf
and tufted. Leaves alternate, narrow, entire, often somewhat fleshy. Stipules
none or very minute. Flowers in terminal spikes, rarely solitary, with 3 minute
or linear bracts (1 bract and 2 bracteoles) at their base. Stamens included
in the corolla-tube, of very unequal lengths. Pistil almost always 3-merous.

. The Order is limited to a single genus, almost endemic in Australia, one species extend-
mM Philippine Islands, and another represented by a closely allied species in New

1. STACKHOUSIA, Sm.
(Tripterococcus, Endl.; Plokiostigma, Schuch.)
Characters and distribution those of the Order.

Corolla-lobes oblong, obtuse.
Flowers solitary, terminal, sessile among the leaves of dwarf tufted
MEME a V. 1 14. 4 root. fur
Stems elongated. Spikes terminal.
Coeci acutely er or winged. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong 2. S. spathulata.
Coeci obovoid or globular, reticulate. Leaves lanceolate, linear or
filiform. :
Spikes dense at the top, usually interrupted as the flowering ad-
vances. Flowers 4 to 6 lines long.
Leaves flat, lanceolate or linear or rarely terete. Bracts small 3. S. monogyna.
ves very narrow or terete. ` Braets filiform.

l. S. pulvinaris.

D

Spikes or the whole plant pubescent. . . . . e + 4. S. pubescens.
Glabrous except PSAL the coon —. 7 0599 X Do8. Hwyehs.
Spikes short, dense. Flowers about 3 lines long . . . . . 6. S. flava.
Spikes filiform. Flowers distant, not 3 lines long. Leaves nar- Ce
row, often very fow . , » + + + + + + + + H S muricata.
Corolla lobes acute or acuminate.
Cocci obovoid or globular, reticulate. Corolla 3 lines or less.
Spikes short, dense. Leaves linear . . . . . . D S flava.
Spikes long and slender. Flowers or clusters of flowers distant. gt
Leaves oblong or linear, sometimes few or very small. . . . 8. S viminea.
Flowers few, solitary along the broom-like brauches. Leaves all è
reduced to minute scales . . 9. S. scoparia.

Cocei b i han 4 lines, with filiform points
twin So er
l. S. pulvinaris, P Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 101; Fragm.
ii. 359, ri 88; and PL. Vict. ii. 4. 14. A dwarf, glabrous, much branched,
and densely tufted or prostrate herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblong, Se,
rather thick, usually 3 or 4 lines long. Flowers solitary and almost -—
amongst the last leaves, and but little exceeding them. Bracts very small,
obtuse. Calyx-lobes ovate. Corolla about 3 lines long, with oblong obtuse

406 XXXV. STACKHOUSIEJE. [ Stackhousia.

lobes, a little shorter than the tube. Anthers glabrous. Cocci rather large
in proportion to the plant, smooth or obscurely reticulate.— Hook. f. FI. Tasm.
ii. 359.

Victoria. Summits of the higher mountains of Gipps' Land, at an elevation of 6000
to 7000 ft., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Western mountains, Archer.

S. minima, Hook. f., from New Zealand, differs very slightly in the acute lobes of the
corolla and pubescent authers.

2. S. spathulata, Sie). in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 124. Glabrous,
usually much branched at the base, with stout decumbent or ascending
branches of about 3 ft., but sometimes lengthening to 1 ft. or more. Leaves
from obovate to oblong, usually very obtuse, rather thick, and 4 to $ in. long,
but in Juxuriant stems lengthening out to 1 in. or more and almost acute.
Spikes dense, with the flowers almost of S. monogyna. Corolla-tube 3 to 4
lines long, lobes much shorter, oblong, obtuse. Cocci fully 2 lines long,
with 3 prominent vertical acute angles or narrow wings.—F. Muell. Fragm.
iii. 86; S. maculata, Sieb. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 421; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
i. 79 (the name originating in a clerical error in Sieber's label); Triptero-
coccus spathulatus, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 208; Schuch. in
Linnea, xxvi. 20; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 86 ; S. monogyna, Labill. Pl. Nov.
Holl. i. 77, t. 104 (as to the fruit).

PA cse Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, R. Brown; Moreton Island, M‘Gillivray, F.

ue . .

N.S. Wales. Southward of Botany Bay, R. Brown; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 246,
and others; frequent on the seashore, 4. Cunningham; and on all the grass-lands of the
interior, Fraser (but probably confounded with S. monogyna); Hastings river, Becker.

Victoria.- Seacoast, Wilson's Promontory, Portland Bay, ete., F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Islands of Bass's Straits, Guan, Bynoe. A specimen not in fruit from
Recherche Bay, C. Stuart, is also probably the same.

S. Australia. Mouth of the Glenelg aud Rivoli Bay, A7ditt.

3. S. monogyna, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 77, t. 104 (partly). Gla-
brous, with a perennial base, and erect, simple or slightly branched, stout or
slender stems, usually 1 to 11 ft., but sometimes twice that height. Leaves
linear or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, crowded or few and distant, usually 3 to
1 in. long, or when very luxuriant 2 in. Racemes at first dense, but often
lengthening out to 4 or 5 in., the lower bracts sometimes leaf-like, passing
into the very small lanceolate upper ones, and often all very small. Calyx-
lobes narrow. Corolla-tube 3 to 4 lines long; lobes much shorter, oblong,
obtuse. Cocci obovoid, prominently reticulate, not angled.— Lindl. Bot. Reg.
t. 1917; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 79; S. obtusa, Lindl. in Bot. Reg., under n.
1917; S. linariefolia, A. Cunn. in Field. N. S. Wales, 356 ; F. Muell. Fragm.
iii. 87; S. Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 79; Schlecht. Linnea, xx. 642; 5.
aspericocca, Schuch. in Linnæa, xxvi. 12 ; 8, Muelleri, Schuch. l.c. 16; 5.
Gunniana, Schlecht. in Schuch. Le 18.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, Broad Sound, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Daw-
son and Bowen rivers, F. Mueller.,

N. S. Wales. Richmond and Grose river, R. Brown ; Blue Mountains, and plains

and country about Bathurst, also southward of Port Jackson, 4. Cunningham aud others;
Twofold Bay, P. Mueller. je

Stackhousia. | XXXV. STACKHOUSIEX. 407

Victoria. Common in fertile as well as in sterile soils, ascending in the Alps to 4500
ft, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. From the Murray to Spencer’s Gulf, and in the interior to Lake Tor-
rens, F. Mueller. y :

Although Labillardiére confounded this species with S. spathulata, and represented and
described the fruit of the latter species, yet the common one, of which he described the
flowering specimens, has been so universally known under his name, that it would only in-
crease the confusion to adopt a later name for that species. Among its numerous forms, the
luxuriant specimens with more conical spikes which commonly pass for the true S. monogyna,
and the smaller ones with fewer flowers and the young spike more obtuse, published by
Lindley as S. obtusa, pass into each other by innumerable gradations. It is to the former
that Sehlechtendal gave the name of H. Gunnii, whilst Hooker’s variety of that name is
hearer to H. obtusa. A rather more distinct variety, with elongated slender stems, narrow
and more distant leaves, sometimes very few and small, and rather smaller flowers, with
smaller and smoother cocci, is amongst the more common Victorian and S. Australian forms,
and is more especially the S. Hinariefolia, A. Cunn., or S. Mued/eri, Schuch, It has some-
times the almost terete leaves of S. Huegelii, from which it then differs in its very short bracts.
The calyx in this variety is often strongly ribbed after flowering, but still more so in a
slender northern variety, which has larger almost muricate cocci. A few Queensland speci-
mens (Port Denison, Fitzalan), very slender, with small flowers in short dense spikes, seem
almost to connect this with S. muricata. Indeed, different as are the extreme forms, the
humerous specimens I have had before me show scarcely any definite limits between S. mo-
nogyna, pubescens, Huegelii, flava, muricata, and viminea. i

4. S. pubescens, 4. Rich, Sert. Astrol. 89, t.33. Stems usually erect,
nearly simple, 1 to 14 ft. high, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves very narrow-

ear, often 1 in, long in the lower part of the plant, glabrous or pubescent.
Spike at first dense and conical, elongating to 2 or 3 in., always pubescent.

racts linear, subulate-acuminate, usually exceeding the young buds. Calyx-
lobes acuminate, usually strongly ciliate. Corolla of the size and shape of that
of S. monogyna, with oblong obtuse lobes. Cocci strongly reticulate, usually
pubescent.— Bunge, in Pl. Preiss. i. 180; Sehuch. in Linnea, xxvi. 10;
Plokiostigma Lehmanni, Schuch. 1. c. 40 (young buds, with the style not yet
&rown out).

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Lesson, Oldfield; Swan River,
Drummond, Preiss, n, 1912, and others; Rottenest Island, Preiss, n. 1364.

5S, Huegelii, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 1T. Glabrous, with erect pa
Simple stems of 1 to 14 ft, with a terminal spike at first dense, afterwar
elongated as in C. monogyna, and the flowers about the same size, with ob-
long, obtuse corolla-lobes ; but the leaves are very narrow-linear, often almost
ete, and the bracts and calyx-lobes also very narrow, as m S. pubescens,
from which this species differs slightly in the want of any pubescence, except-
Ing sometimes in the cocci.—Schuch. in Linnea, xxvi. 14. eee
W. Australia. i ward to Murchison river, Drummond, d,
and others ; King Ze yy Ce ; Kalgan river, Oldfield ; Stirling ranges,
Macwell, This ought perhaps to be considered as a variety only of 5. pubescens.
. 9. S. flava, Hook. Ic. Pl. t.269. Glabrous. Stems numerous, cere
Ing at the base, decumbent or ascending to from 6 in. to l ft. S heig t.
ves linear, flat, rarely above } in. long, rather thick, those of the s ds
sterile branches sometimes broader and oblong. Flowers yellow, much smaller

in S. monogyna, clustered in short, dense, terminal spikes, the pedicels

408 XXXV. STACKHOUSIES, [Stackhousia. `

often 4 line long. Bracts very short, broad and obtuse. Calyx small, with
ovate lobes. Corolla about 3 lines long, with oblong-lanceolate, rather acute
lobes. Cocci not seen.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 80; Schuch. in Linnea,
xxvi. 26.

Tasmania. Woolnorth, in poor sandy soil, Gunn. :
W. Australia. Flinders Bay, Collie (with the spike rather more elongated).

7. S. muricata, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under n. 1917. Glabrous. Stems
slender, simple or branched, often above 14 ft. long. Leaves narrow-linear,
sometimes almost filiform, 3 to 14 in. long. Spikes long, very slender, with
distant clusters of 2, 3, or more small flowers, usually under 3 lines and some-
times not 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes small, obtuse. Corolla-lobes narrow but
obtuse, sometimes as long as the tube, sometimes not half so long. Cocci
strongly reticulate, sometimes almost muricate.— Schuch. in Linnea, xxvi. 25.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller. S

Queensland. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Curtis and Dunk Island, M*GWh-
vray ; Brigalow scrub in the interior, Mitchell ; Peak Downs, F. Mueller.

ae Wales. St. George's river, R. Brown; Peel’s Range on the Lachlan, 4. Cun-
ningham.

This species, which we have also from the Philippine Islands, varies considerably and
sometimes approaches S. viminea, but the leaves are never so broad, and the corolla-lobes
obtuse. The Sturt’s Creek specimens belong to a more branched and compact form, with
very small flowers more frequently solitary, and the leaves few, small, and distant. Some
smaller specimens, like those from the Philippine Islands, are less branched and perhaps
sometimes annual.

8. S. viminea, Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. xxxiii. Glabrous. Stems erect or
ascending, slender, often 1 to 13 ft. high. Leaves on the barren shoots often
rather broad, oblong, obtuse, 4 to 1 in. long, narrowed at the base, on the
flowering-stems fewer, often small and narrow-linear, and sometimes scarcely
any. Spike slender, elongated, with distant clusters of small flowers, some-
times numerous in the clusters, sometimes solitary or nearly so. Calyx small,
with acute lobes. Corolla rarely exceeding 3 lines and often not above 2
lines long, slender, with narrow acuminate or acute lobes. Cocci small,
strongly reticulate or murieate.—Schuch. in Linnea, xxvi. 22; S. nuda,
Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under n. 1917; Schuch. Le 22; &. monogyna, Sieb. Pl.
Exs.; S. dorypetala, Schuch. Le 24.

N. Australia. Islands of the Bay of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Goulburn Island, 4.
Cunningham. .

Queensland. Warwick, Beckler.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and to the southward, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Sieber,
n. 245 and 591, aud others; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; New England, C. Stuart ;
Macleay and Clarence rivers, Bechler.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 92; Phillips river, Maxwell ; between
Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, n. 81.

Var. elata. Branches numerous and more erect, attaining 5 ft. according to Maxwell,
but several of Drummond’s are under 1 ft.; leaves all narrow ; the whole plaut drying more
yellow than usual in the eastern variety, although some specimens of the latter are also yel-
low.—S. elata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 86. To this variety belong Maxweil's specimens
above mentioned and Drummond's n. 92. A few Port Jackson ones can scarcely be dis-
tinguished from them.

Var. micrantha. Small, slender, and much-branched; flowers small, as in S. muricata,
but the acuminate lobes as well as the narrow Jeaves are those of S, viminea.—To this are

Stackhousia.} XXXV. STACKHOUSIE. 409

teferrible Drummond’s specimens, n. 81, and R. Brown's and Cunningham’s from the N.
coast,

The distinction between this species and S. muricata, and the value of the character

ted from the acute or obtuse corolla-lobes, requires further investigation on. the living
plaut.

9. S. scoparia, Benth. Glabrous, erect, with numerous stout, rigid,
broom-like, apparently leafless branches, 8 to 10 in. high in our specimens.
Leaves all reduced to minute distant scales. Flowers small, solitary and dis-
tant alone the ends of the branches, shortly pedicellate, with minute bracts.
Calyx-lobes narrow and acute. Corolla about 24 lines long, with narrow
acuminate lobes about as long as the tube. — Cocci not seen.

W. Australia. Between Swan River and King George's Sound, Drummond.

10. S. Brunonis, Benth. Glabrous. Stems erect, simple or branched,
attaining 1 to 2 ft. or even more. Leaves narrow-linear or almost terete,
usually free and small, except at the base of some of the stems, rarely more
generally scattered and attaining } to 1 in. Spikes sometimes short and
crowded, but more frequently elongated, with rather distant shortly pedicel-
te flowers. Bracts subulate, very variable in length. Calyx-lobes narrow-
ar or acuminate. Corolla-tube slender, usually about 3 lines long, but
varying from 24 to 33 lines; lobes narrow, acuminate, often almost subu-

te, as long as the tube or much shorter. Cocci with 3 longitudinal
scarious wings, marked with transverse veins, the 2 marginal ones from
l to 2 lines broad, the dorsal one much narrower, but all remarkably variable
m width even on the same specimen.—Tripterococcus Brunonis, Endl. in
Hueg. Enum. 18; Schuch. in Linnea, xxvi. 31; 7. simpler, Bunge, in Pl.
Preise, i. 181; Schuch, l.c. 35; T. junceus, Bunge, l.c. 181; Schuch. 1. c.
91; T. brachystigma, Schuch. 1. c. 83.

N. A i g j . Cunningham.

w. evt, Ko Gentes eat gp cU sum and others, to Swan River
and Murchison river, Drummond, Oldfield, and others; Preiss, n. 1971 aud 1973.

B

Orpen XXXVI. RHAMNEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, or rarely polygamous. Calyx campanu-
te, urceolate, or cylindrical, the tube persistent and often adnate to the
ovary or disk ; lobes 4 or 5, valvate, usually with a raised longitudinal line
Inside and deciduous. Petals 4 or 5, concave or hood-shaped, inserted at the
ase of the calyx-lobes, alternating with and rarely exceeding them, or none.
Stamens 4 or 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes, inserted with the petals and
Opposite to them when present ; filaments short, filiform; anthers small, often
enclosed in the petals, rarely oblong or exserted. Disk rarely wanting, usually
filling the calyx-tube or lining it, or annular round the ovary when inferior,
rarely cup-shaped and free. Ovary sessile on the disk or immersed in it, or
More or less inferior, 3-celled, or rarely 2- or 4-celled; style short, entire, or
With as many lobes or branches as ovary-cells; stigmas terminal, capitate or
club-shaped. Ovules solitary in each cell, erect, anatropous, with a dorsal or
rarely lateral raphe. Fruit a drupe or capsule, the border of the adnate base
of the calyx forming a ring at the base or round the fruit or at the summit ;

410 XXXVI. RHAMNES.

i i i ting into as many membranous
epicarp thin and dry or fleshy ; endocarp separating into as m
coriaceous or hard cocci as cells, or woody or bony, divided into cells. Seeds
solitary, erect, usually ovate and somewhat compressed, often arillate ; testa co-
riaceous or erustaceous and shining or rarely membranous ; albumen fleshy or
almost horny, often scanty, rarely wanting; embryo usually straight, with
flat rather thick cotyledons and a short inferior radicle.—Shrubs or trees,
very rarely, in genera not, Australian, herbs, erect or climbing. Leaves alter-
nate or rarely opposite, undivided, entire, or toothed. Stipules usually present
but very deciduous, rarely spinous and persistent. Flowers small, usually
: green or yellowish, in cymes or umbel-like clusters, either solitary or forming
axillary or terminal compound cymes, racemes or panicles,

A considerable Order, ranging over the tropical and temperate regions of both the New
and the Old World. Of the 12 Australian genera, 3 are widely spread tropical or northern
genera, and 1 tropical Asiatic, all represented in Australia by single or very few species, a.
fifth is Sonth American, with one Australian and one New Zealand species, the remaining
7, several of them numerous in species, are endemic or nearly so; Alphitonia extending
to the Pacific islands, and Pomaderris to New Zealand. The Order is a well-marked one,
the floral characters separating it very readily from all except Ampelidee, from which it is
distinguished by the habit, by the drupaceous or capsular, not baccate fruit, and by the
seeds ; but most of the genera, eveu the most natural ones, are difficult to characterize. me
differences in their flowers and fruits are very trifling; they often pass into each other : M
the finest gradations, and habit, foliage, and inflorescence must often be relied upon tor
fixing generie limits.

Calyx spreading. Disk broad, concave or filling the calyx-tube.
Ovary free or immersed in the disk. Leaves usually alternate,
rather large, often serrate. Fruit above 2 lines long or broad,
succulent or dry,

Leaves 3- or 5-nerved.

Drupe succulent, the putamen woody or bony, 1- to 4-celled.

Stipules usually spinescent . Voy v5 1075.0. E
Drupe with a thin epicarp, covering membranous or crus- .
taceous cocci. Unarmed . . . . . . . . . . . 4. COLUBRINA.
Leaves penninerved.
Panicle branches elongated and raceme-like. Nut l-seeded,
produced into along wing-like appendage . . . . . 1. VENTILAGO.
Panicle or cyme 2-3-chotomous. Endocarp separating into
cocci.
Ovary immersed in the disk. Epicarp thick. Leaves
white or rusty underneath . . . ... . . . . . Be ALPHITONTA.
Ovary sessile on the disk, Epicarp thin. Leaves green
op DCR Mies tt ge we sss s . 6, EMMENOSPERMUM.
Flowers in axillary clusters. Ovary sessile on the disk. Epi-
ucculent 3. RHAMNUS.

carp s! E pet BAP N
Calyx campanulate or tubular. Disk none, or annular, or lining
the ealyx-tube. Ovary partially or wholly inferior. Leaves
alternate, usually small and entire (except a few Pomaderrises).
Fruit under 2 lines diameter,
Calyx-tube entirely adnate, or lined by the disk up to the lobes.
Petals none, or concave, not enclosing the anthers, which are

either oblong or on long filaments. Flowers usually pedi-
eellate. Bracts very deciduous . .

Petals enclosing the small anthers. Flowers pedicellate.
Bracts very deciduous . IR QU SU. npe
Petals enclosing the small anthers. Flowers sessile, surrounded
by small, imbricate, persistent, brown bracts `... . 9. SPYRIDIUM.

7. PoMADERRIS.

8. TRYMALIUM.

LI

XXXVI. RHAMNE.E. 411

Calys-tube produced above the ovary and disk.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, in cymes, often contracted into
heads surrounded by imbricate brown bracts . . . . . 10, STENANTHEMUM.
Flowers solitary or in leafy spikes, sometimes contracted into
heads, or pedicellate, individually surrounded by brown
ENT EN vr sos LL uU HE eleng,
Calyx campanulate or tubular, the tube produced above the ovary
and annular disk. Spines aud small leaves opposite . . . 12. DISCARIA.

1. VENTILAGO, Gertn.

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped or none. Stamens 5,
scarcely exceeding the petals when present, Disk flat or concave, filling the
short calyx-tube. Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 2-celled ; style
short, with 2 short erect stigmatic lobes. Nut globular at the base, produced
Into an oblong or linear coriaceous wing, l-celled and. 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Seed globular; testa membranous; albumen none; cotyledons thick and
fleshy -—Climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Flowers
small, clustered along the branches of axillary or terminal panicles.

, The genus is dispersed over the tropical regions of the Old World. The Australian spe-
petals, endemic, differing from the others in habit and foliage as well as in the absence of

l. V. viminalis, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 369. A small glabrous
tree, Leaves narrow-lanceolate, 2 to 4 or even 5 in. long, entire, narrowed
mto a petiole, coriaceous, the pinnate veins very oblique and sometimes almost
parallel with the midrib, without the elegant transverse venation of the rest
of the genus. Panicles not much branched, or almost reduced to simple
racemes, shorter than the leaves, solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx
about 1 line long. Petals none. Disk entirely adnate to the short broad
calyx-tube. Ovary slightly immersed in the disk. Fruit glabrous, about 1
tn. long, including the wing, the turbinate adnate base of the calyx not attain-
mg above a quarter the length of the globular nut.

N. Australia, Nicholson river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller.

Queensland. High sandy ridges on the Maranoa, Mitchell.

N.S. Wales. Tributaries of the Upper Darling river, Bowman.

2. ZIZYPHUS, Juss.

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped or rarely none. Stamens
» Included in the petals or scarcely exceeding them, when present. Disk
t, filling the short calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-, rarely 3-
«d 4-celled ; style shortly branched or styles distinct ; stigmas small. Drupe
ovoid or globular, putamen woody or bony, 1- to 4-celled, 1- to 4-seeded.
s with a smooth fragile testa ; albumen none or scanty ; cotyledons thick.
—Trees or shrubs, usually armed with stipular prickles. Leaves alternate,
-, 5-nerved, often distichous and very oblique. Flowers small, green-
I axillary cymes. Fruit often edible. SC
-S genus ran i btropical regions of the New and the orld.
Two of the Nor residua denis. Mati ee the third is endemic.
ves green on both sides, softly pubescent or villous, or at length — - :
rous. Drupe small, 2-celled . . . . . . + «+ + 1 & Gnoplia.

412 XXXVI. RHAMNEZ. [Zizyphus.

Leaves white or rusty underneath, with a close tomentum.

Ovary aud drupes 2-celled `, . . a + ee e

Ovary and drupes4-celled . . . . «+ . s+ eee

(Z. melastomoides, A. Cunn, Herb. and Steud. Nom., is a Celtis.)

1. Z. CEnoplia, Mill. ; JF. and Arn. Prod. 163 (with the synonyms ad-
duced, except Z. Napeca). A shrub of several feet, with very divaricate
branches, the young ones rusty-pubescent or villous. Stipular spines short,
in pairs, one straight and deciduous, the other hooked or recurved and more
persistent. Leaves very obliquely ovate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 1 to 2
in. long, entire or crenulate, 3- or 5-nerved, membranous, green. on both
sides, softly pubescent or villous, especially underneath, or sometimes glabrous
when full grown. Cymes small, compact, few-flowered, and almost, sessile.
Ovary 2-celled, style short, the stigma scarcely divided. Drupe globular, 2
or 3 lines diameter, 2-celled or l-celled by abortion.—Z. celtidifolia, DC.
Prod. ii. 20 (from the character given) ; Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 20 ; Z. rufula,
Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 643.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown.
Common in East India and the Archipelago, but apparently not in Africa. Of the two
Linnean Rhamani doubtfully referred here by Wight and Arnott, R. (Enoplia is quite correct ;

R. Napeca however is Zizyphus lucida, Moon; "The, Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 74. The Linnean
herbarium has very good authentically named specimens of both.

2. Z. jujuba, Lam.; W. and Arn. Prod. 162 (with the synonyms ad-
duced). A tall shrub or small tree, with short stipular prickles, occasionally
wanting. Leaves ovate*or nearly orbicular, usually very obtuse, 1 to 3 in.
long, entire or toothed, 3-nerved, glabrous above, covered underneath, as well
as the petioles and branches, with a close white or rusty tomentum. Cymes
small, compact, and nearly sessile. Ovary 2-celled, tapering into a short 2-
lobed style. Drupe globular, usually about 4 to nearly 4 in. diameter, 2-
celled or 1-celled by abortion.

Queensland. Torres Straits, Dudouzet. Very common, both wild and cultivated,
throughout tropical Asia, extending also to tropical Africa.

3. Z. quadrilocularis, F. Muell Fragm. iii. 57. A tall shrub or
small tree. Stipules lanceolate, appressed, very rigid and pointed, but not so
spinous and more deciduous than in the other specles. Leaves ovate, shortly
acuminate, or rarely obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or searcely crenulate, very
e at the base, 3-nerved, glabrous above, rusty or hoary-tomentose under-
neath, as well as the young branches. Cymes small, dense, very shortly
peduneulate. Ovary 4-celled, with a short 4-lobed style. Drupe globular,
peur size of that of Z. jujuba, but the thick bony putamen 4-celled and 4-

9. Z. jujuba. :
8. Z. quadrilocularis.

S
N. Australia, Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller,

8. RHAMNUS, Linn.

Calyx 4- or 5-lobed, broadly campanulate or i hood-
shaped, involute or nearly flat, a e none, Sege a eer ex-
ceeding the petals when present. Disk broadly concave or lining the calyx-
tube, with a free margin. Ovary free, sessile on the disk (not immersed), 2-
celled in the Australian species, 3- or 4-celled in most others, tapering into @

Rhamnus.] XXXVI. RHAMNEX. 413

style, with as many short stigmatic lobes as ovary-cells. Drupe succulent,
globular or oblong, containing 2 to 4 bony or cartilaginous pyrenes, indehis-
cent or scarcely dehiscent. Seeds with a smooth testa; albumen fleshy ;
: cotyledons flat or recurved.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate,

penninerved, entire or toothed, usually green on both sides. Stipules small,
deciduous. Flowers in clusters, either axillary and solitary or in axillary or
terminal racemes.

The genus is widely dispersed over the northern hemisphere, rare in tropical regions.
The Australian species, which is in some measure doubtful, extends to the Fiji Islands.

l. R(?) vitiensis, Benth. Quite glabrous, the branches slender. Leaves
ovate or oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire or serrate-
erenate, green on both sides, thin and apparently deciduous. Flowers in
axillary sessile clusters, on slender pedicels of 3 or 4 lines. * Calyx about 2
lines long, the tube broadly hemispherical, the lobes triangular, rather thin.
Petals involute, enclosing the stamens. Disk concave, broadly cup-shaped,
the Margin free. Ovary broadly sessile, 2-celled, tapering into a short style.
Fruit not seen.—Coluérina vitiensis, Seem. Syst. List Vit. Pl. 4.

Queensland. Cape York, M'Gillivray. Until the frnif is known, the genus of this
Plant cannot be free from doubt. The inflorescence and disk, however, are those of Rham-
nus, and the species seems to differ from R. javanica, Miq., chiefly in its thinner leaves.
Apparently the same species was gathered in the Fiji Islands by Seemann, and his specimens
rut SCH fruits, of an obovoid-oblong shape, which, as far as they go, agree with those of

4. COLUBRINA, L. C. Rich. -

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals hood-shaped. Stamens 5, included in

petals. Disk thick, filling the calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk,
3- or rarely 4-celled, tapering into a 3-, rarely 4-cleft style, with obtuse
stigmas, Drupe nearly globular, obscurely lobed, the epicarp thin or suecu-
lent, the endocarp separating into 3, rarely 4 membranous or crustaceous
cocci, opening inwards by a longitudinal slit. Seeds without any arillus;
testa smooth, shining, coriaceous ; albumen fleshy but thin ; cotyledons flat or
Incurved, thin or rather thick.—Erect or half-climbing shrubs or trees. Leaves
ternate, 3-nerved at the base or penninerved in species not Australian.
Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or clusters.

The species are nearly all American, tropical or subtropical, with one from tropical Asia,
extending also into Australia. .

l. C. asiatica, Zrongn.; W. and Arn. Prod. 166 (with the synonyms
adduced). A large shrub or small tree, unarmed, and. quite glabrous, with
long, slender, often flexuose branches. Leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly
cordate, acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, crenate-serrate, 3-nerved and penninerved,
Smooth and shining, but scarcely coriaceous. Cymes shortly pedunculate,
rarely exceeding the petioles. Flowers greenish, about 2 lines diameter.

Tut about 4 lines diameter, depressed at the top, furrowed opposite the
ISsepiments, the endocarp separating more or less perfectly into 3 or rarely
membranous cocci.
;,Qw*ensland. Cape York, M'Gillieray ; Cape Grafton and Rodd's Bay, A. Cunning-
em; Howick’s Group, F. Mueller ; Shoalwater passage, A. Brown ; Port Denison, Filz-
alan. The species is common in tropical Asia, extending to the Pacific islands.

*

414 XXXVI. RHAMNEJE.

5. ALPHITONTA, Reissek.

Calyx 5-lobed, spreading. Petals involute. Stamens 5, included in the
petals. Disk thick, filling the calyx-tube. Ovary immersed in the disk,
2- or rarely 3-celled, tapering into a shortly lobed style. Drupe globular or
broadly ovoid, the epicarp of a dry, mealy or somewhat corky substance; en-
docarp of 2 or 3 hard coriaceous nuts or cocci, opening inwards by a longi-
tudinal slit. Seeds with a shining hard testa, completely enclosed in a
membranous brown shining arillus, open at the top, but with the edges
folded over ; albumen cartilaginous or horny ; cotyledons flat.—Tree. Leaves
alternate, penninerved. Cymes dichotomous, many-flowered. Seeds often
persisting on the torus after the pericarp has fallen off.

The genus is probably limited to a single species, ranging from Australia to the Pacific
islands,

1. A. excelsa, Reissek, in Endl. Gen. 1098. A tall hard-wooded
timber-tree, the young branches, petioles, and inflorescence hoary or rusty
with a close tomentum. Leaves petiolate, varying from broadly ovate or
almost orbicular and very obtuse, to ovate or lanceolate and acute or acumi-
nate, usually 3 to 6 in. long, entire, coriaceous, glabrous or slightly hoary
above, white, or rarely rust-coloured underneath with a close tomentum, the
parallel pinnate veins very prominent. Flowers 2 to 3 lines diameter, m
little umbel-like cymes, arranged in dichotomous cymes in the upper axils or
in a terminal corymbose panicle. Calyx tomentose. Disk broad and nearly
flat. Fruit 3 or 4 lines diameter, or sometimes rather larger.—Colubrina
excelsa, Fenzl, in Hueg.*Enum. 20.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria (Cape Van Diemen), R. Browns
Sweers Island, Henne ; Arnhem's Land, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Curtis Island, Henne; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ;
Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. Mueller, and others.

N. S. Wales. Hunters, Paterson’s, and Williams rivers, R. Brown ; Hastings and
Clarence rivers, Beckler and others; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; Illawarra, M‘Arthur.

The Carpentaria island specimens belong to a variety with remarkably large obtuse leaves,
the flowers rather larger than usual, and the tomentum somewhat rusty. To this belongs
Zizyphus pomaderroides, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum, 20, judging from R. Brown's specimens
corresponding to Bauer's, A/phitonia zizyphoides, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 278,
t. 20 (Rhamnus zizyphoides, Soland.), which extends from Borneo and New Caledonia to
the Pacific islands, does not appear to differ at all from some of the eastern Australian Spe

greed m ci c p . A. Gray, 1. c. 280, is very like some of the more tomentose

6. EMMENOSPERMUM, F. Muell.

Calyx 5-lobed, the tube campanulate. Petals hood-shaped, inserted with
the stamens on the margin of the disk. Stamens 5, enclosed in the petals.
Disk thin, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary inserted on the disk in the bottom
of the calyx-tube, but not immersed, 2-celled or rarely 3-celled, tapering into
a shortly-cleft style. Fruit almost capsular, with a very thin almost dry epi-
carp, the endocarp separating into 2 or rarely 3 cartilaginous almost crusta-
ceous cocci, opening along the inner face in two valves. Seeds inserted on
a turbinate or slightly cup-shaped funicle, without any arillus ; testa hard and

shining; albumen cartilaginous; cotyledons flat.—Trees. Leaves opposite

Eimmenosperma.| XXXVI. RHAMNEJE, 415

or alternate, penninerved. Cymes or panicles trichotomous, many-flowered.
Seeds often persisting on the torus after the pericarp has fallen off.

The genus is endemic in Australia. It is closely allied in technical characters to the S.
African No/tia, but with a different habit.

Leaves opposite or nearly so . . . . . . . . . . . . 1l. E alphitonioides.
Leaves alternate . . . i es. ZB E, Cunninghamii.

l. E. alphitonioides, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 63. A tall hard-wooded
timber-tree, quite glabrous. Leaves opposite or nearly so, petiolate, ovate,
acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, coriaceous, shining above, green on both
sides. Flowers numerous, in little dense umbel-like cymes, arranged in tri-
chotomous cymes” or corymbose panicles in the upper axils or terminal.
Calyx-lobes almost petal-like, nearly 1 line long. Fruits apparently about 3
lines long, but either unripe or already open in our specimen. Seeds persis-
tent, like those of Alphitonia, but without the peculiar arillus of that species.

Queensland. Brush of Brisbane river, M‘Arthur; Peri creek, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, C. Moore, Wilcox ; Illawarra, known under the name
of “ Dogwood,” M‘Arthur, Backhouse, Ralston.

2. E. (?) Cunninghamii, Benth. Leaves alternate, similar to those of
E. alphitonioides, except that the petioles are longer. Flowers not seen.
Umbel-like cymes apparently not numerous, in a terminal corymbose panicle.
Fruits rather larger than in Æ. alphitonioides, 3- or 4-celled ; epicarp scarcely
any; cocci 2-valved. Seeds red and shining as in that species, but not per-
sistent on the torus, and the funicle very small.

. N. Australia. Port Warrender, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham. The specimens are very

imperfect ; they were referred to Croton by Cunningham, but the seeds are erect and pre-
sent all the characters of Ramnee, as already observed by Planchon in Herb. Hook.

7. POMADERRIS, Labill.

Calyx-tube entirely adnate to the ovary, the limb divided to the base into
5 lobes, usually deciduous or reflexed. Petals either concave or nearly flat,
not enclosing the anthers, or none. Stamens 5, the filaments long and usually
suddenly inflected and attenuate near the top; anthers oblong or ovoid.
Disk annular, surrounding the ovary at the base of the calyx-lobes, often
scarcely conspicuous, and never very prominent. Ovary half-inferior or rarely
almost entirely inferior, Style 3-cleft, or rarely almost entire. Capsule pro-
truding above the border of the calyx-tube, septicidally 3-valved, the endo-
carp separating into 3 crustaceous or membranous cocci, opening by a broad
operculum at the base of the inner face, or by the separation of the whole
inner face, or rarely by a longitudinal slit. Seed inserted on a short, thick-
ened, turbinate or cup-shaped funieulus.—Shrubs, with the young branches
and under side of the leaves white, hoary or rusty with a close stellate to-
mentum, often mixed with or concealed by longer, simple, soft, often silky
hairs. Leaves alternate, penninerved. Stipules brown and scarious, usually
very deciduous. Flowers pedicellate, in small umbel-like cymes, usually
forming terminal panicles or corymbs, or rarely solitary in the axils of the
leaves. Bracts brown and scarious, but so deciduous as to be seldom visible
at the time of flowering.

416 XXXVI. RHAMNES. [Pomaderris.

D e x "n sin all en-

The genus is confined to Australia and New Zealand ; the Australian species are | l

demic d from the eastern and southern districts, with the exception of two which are
also found in New Zealand.

Flowers with petals. ;
Calyx-tube turbinate, at least half as long as the lobes. Cocci
opening by an operculum below the middle.
Leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 in.long. Panicles many-
flowered.
Leaves hoary or tomentose above, softly tomentose underneath.
Calyx about 2 lines long, very villous . . . . e.
Leaves glabrous or sparingly scabrons-pubescent above, densely
ferruginous, tomentose underneath. Calyx 1 to 14 lines, À
long, softly hairy . . 9. P. ferruginea.

Leaves somewhat cori

1. P. lanigera.

aceous, glabrous above, very white un-
derneath. Calyx 14 lines long, silky-hairy . TUM ok
Leaves ovate, and obtuse or oblong-elliptical, often above 2 in.
long, glabrous above, white underneath. Panicles many-
flowered, Calyx 1 to 14 lines, closely tomentose or hairy .
Leaves firm, rarely above 1 in. long. Panicles small and com-
pac. CalyrotP.elhpglica- . .—- 52 2 ES
Calyx-tube exceedingly short. Cocci opening by their whole inner
face. Leaves small. Panicles compact. I i:
Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular. Calyx hoary. Petals broad. 6. P. vaccinüfolia.
Leaves obovate or broadly oblong. Calyx silky. Petals very
i e ee to eR tW - oov og UA
Leaves narrow-oblong. Calyx silky. Petals narrow .
Flowers without petals.
Cymes rather loose, numerous in much-branched panicles.
Calyx stellate-tomentose or hoary, with a very short tube.
Leaves 2 to 4in. long, irregularly crenate and rugose . . .
Leaves ] to 2 in. long, ashy-white, not rugose . . . . .1
Calyx softly hairy, with a turbinate tube.
Leaves mostly obtuse, scabrous above, often crenulate and :
rugose . d ae Ne HC WA S 20. . 11. P. pranifolia.
Leaves mostly acute, smooth above, quite entire, . . . . 12, P. ligustrina.
Cymes condensed into heads, in oblong panicles. Calyx-tube very
WG gs e 2 35 32. . ee eee
Cymes loose, few, in close corymbs. Leaves obcordate or bifid.
Calyx-tube turbinate Su eue a ee vio. 14 P ooru
Cymes loose, usually few-flowered, axillary, or in narrow, oblong,
or raceme-like panicles. Calyx-tube very short. se
Leaves ovate, obovate, or broadly oblong, flat.
Leaves thick, § to 1 in. long, white or cottony underneath . 15. P. racemosa.
Leaves $ to ] in. long, loosely pubescent and scarcely white
Ct WEE E 18. P.nbrepeniié
Leaves under 4 in., obovate, white underneath . . . . 17. P. elachophylla.
Leaves linear or oblong, the margins revolute, Flowers very ;
smalandmumerous . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. P. phylicifolia.
l. P. lanigera, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1823. An erect branching shrub,
nearly allied to P. elliptica, with which it is united by F. Mueller, differing
chiefly in the leaves softly though minutely tomentose on the upper side,
and the larger more villous flowers. Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, the
under side as well as the young branches clothed with a soft velvety tomen-
tum often rust-coloured. Panicles often larger and less corymbose than 1n
P. elliptica. Calyx about 2 lines long, very densely and softly hairy, the

3. P. grandis.

A

. P. elliptica.

ot

. P. phillyreoides.

. P. myrtilloides.
P. ledifolia.

D

Com

. P. apetala.
. P. cinerea.

eu

Ponaderris.] XXXVI. RHAMNER. E

turbinate tube about half as long as the lobes. Petals ovate, concave, on
slender claws. Fruit as in P. elliptica, but larger and more hairy.—DC.
Prod. ii. 33, excluding the var. 8; Ceanothus laniger, Andr. Bot. Rep. i. 569 ;
P. obscura, Sieb. Pl. Exs.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 216; rocky gullies near King’s
Fall, 4. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings river, Bechler.

7 2. P. ferruginea, Sich. ; Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 91. Very near P. el-
liptica, and united with it by F. Mueller, having the leaves glabrous above,
and the small flowers of that species, but the leaves are usually rather longer
for their breadth and more acute, and the down of the under side is much
more dense, velvety and usually ferruginous. The flowers are more numerous,
the calyx more softly and densely hairy, and the petals usually narrower.
The fruits are the same.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 7 6; P. lanigera, var. B, DC.
Prod. ii. 33; P. viridirufa, Sieb. Pl. Exs. ; Ceanothus Wendlandianus, Roem.
and Schult. Syst. v. 299 (from the character given); Pomaderris Wendlan-
diana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 39.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 209 and 214, and P Mizt. n.
545 ; Paramatta, 4. Cunningham, Woolls ; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson.

Victoria, Macalister river, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller. ^

Tasmania. Flinders Island, Bass's Straits, Gunn.

Var. pubescens. Leaves pubescent above with short scattered hairs, but green; flowers
small, as in the normal form.—P. hirta, Reissek, in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 31 (from the
deseription).— IHlawarra, Twofold Bay, and Genoa river, F. Mueller ; and other localities in
southern N. S, Wales and eastern Victoria.

Var. canescens. Leaves 3 to 4 in. long, white and less ferruginous underneath. Inter-
mediate almost between P. Jerruginea and P. elliptica.—Percy Island, 4. Cunningham.

3. P. grandis, F. Muell. Fragm.ii.68. Very nearly allied to P. fer-
ruginea, and differing chiefly in the silvery whiteness of the tomentum.
aves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical, rather acute, 2 to 3 in. long, gla-
rous above, silvery-white underneath, with a soft silky tomentum. ` Panicles
many-flowered, corymbose, as in P. ferruginea and P. elliptica, and flowers
about the same size. Calyx with a turbinate adnate tube, densely clothed
With soft white silky hairs. Petals broad. Style-branches exceedingly short,
but not shorter than in some N. S. Wales specimens of P. elliptica.
W. Australia. Mount Manypeak river, Maxwell. From the single specimen upon
Which this species is founded, it does not appear to me to differ more from P. e//iptica than
-Serruginea and P. phillyreoides, and, if these are joined to it as varieties, P. grandis
must surely follow, notwithstanding the distant habitat.

^ 4. P. elliptica, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 61, t. 86. A tall shrub or

small tree, the young branches rusty with a very close stellate down, inter-
mixed occasionally with a few longer hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or rarely almost acute, usually 2 to 3 in. long
and $ to 14 in. broad, entire or the margins slightly waved, glabrous above
and smooth or scarcely scabrous, white underneath with a very close to-
mentum, the prominent midrib and principal parallel veins often rust-coloured.

ymes numerous, in dichotomous panicles, usually more or less corymbose.
Stipules lanceolate, brown and scarious as well as the broad concave bracts,
but all falling off in a very early stage so as to be rarely seen at the time of

lowering. Calyx about 13 lines long, white with a minute stellate tomen-
VOL. I. 2 E

418 XXXVI, RHAMNES. [ Pomaderris.

tum, often intermixed with longer simple hairs, especially on the turbinate
tube. Petals usually broadly cordate or nearly orbicular, concave, on slender
claws, but often much narrower, sometimes deeply toothed and occasionally
abortive. Style-branches short, with capitate stigmas. Capsule about 17 lines
diameter, slightly hairy, the free part rather shorter than the adnate portion,
the cocci opening in a round valve or operculum below the middle.—Bot. Mag.
t. 1510; DC. Prod. ii. 33; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 76; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 69.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others ; north-

ward to New England, C. Stuart, and southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. E

"Victoria. Monkey Creek, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

"Tasmania. Common, especially in the northern portion of the island, J. D. Hooker.

Also in the northern island, New Zealand.

Two species are usually distinguished, P. elliptica, with broader more obtuse leaves and
without any silky hairs mixed with the stellate tomentum of the calyx, and P. discolor, DC.
Prod. ii. 33, Sweet, Fl. Aust. t. 41, with the calyx, at least the tube, more or less silky-
hairy and the leaves often less obtuse. Labillardiére’s specimens belong to the former, but
his description agrees better with the latter; and in many instances the two forms pass one
into the other. Sieber’s specimens, n. 208 (P. malifolia, Sieb. ; P. multiflora, Fenzl, in
Hueg. Enum. 21), are very broad-leaved, with the tomentose calyx of the first form; n. 918
(P. discolor) belongs to the second; n. 210 (P. intermedia, Sieb.; DC. Prod. ii. 33) has
the leaves narrower than usual and the indumentum of the calyx variable. Ceanothus dis-
color, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 58, has the more acute leaves of the second form with the close
tomentum of the first. P. acuminata, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. 235, is probably esta-
blished on the same garden-plant as Ventenat's. S

F. Mueller considers P. lanigera, ferruginea, and phillyreoides as varieties only of this
species, and it is certainly sometimes difficult to draw precise limits between them in the
dried state. Ifthey are united, the species should surely include also P. grandis.

` 5. P. phillyreoides, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 33. A shrub, said to be of
much smaller stature than P. e//iptica. Down of the young branches some-
times very close and white or rusty, sometimes loose and more rusty, almost
as in P. ferruginea. Leaves much smaller than in any of the preceding spe-
cies, seldom attaining 14 in. and usually much shorter, oblong or oval, obtuse
or acute, entire, of a firm consistence, glabrous or minutely hoary above, soft
underneath with a white or rusty down. Flowers rather larger than in P.
elliptica, but variable in size, the cymes compact, in small terminal panicles.
Calyx softly silky-hairy, the turbinate tube shorter than the lobes. Petals
nearly of P. elliptica, but usually narrower. Styles more deeply cleft, the
branches club-shaped at the top, with somewhat decurrent stigmas. Capsule
of P. elliptica.—P. andromedafolia, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 351 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 3219; P. phillyregfolia, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 22 (from the
character given). a

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 215 ; 4 cout aiil
barren. hilly districts, A. Cunningham and others. | rocks in the Blae Mountains and stoy
erbarium the plant described by Fenzl, but h : | 1 ges
cies, which P. Mueller unita with P ellipfing, Dk iui of ila belonging: to PA

Var. nitidula. Leaves more coriaceous, usually acute; tomentum closer, very white on
the under side of the leaves.—New England, C. Stuart ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill.

6. P. vacciniifolia, Reissek and Muell. in Linnea, xxix. 266. A shrub,

with slender divaricate branches. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicular, very 9
tuse, seldom above } in. long, glabrous above, white underneath. Cymes

small, in ovoid terminal panicles of about 1 in. Buds nearly globular, about |

I have failed in identifying in R. Brown's -

Pomaderris.] XXXVI. RHAMNEJE. 419

li lines diameter, hoary with a very close stellate tomentum, without silky

hairs, the calyx-tube exceedingly short. Petals broad. Summit of the ovary

remarkably prominent, and hirsute with white hairs. Style-branches short,

with capitate stigmas. Fruit nearly 14 lines long, the free part much longer

than the adnate base; cocci thin, opening by the separation of the whole

inner face, which often splits along the centre.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 71.
Victoria. Watts river, F. Mueller.

7. P. myrtilloides, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 22. Apparently a low,
erect, dichotomous shrub, the tomentum of the younger branches and under
side of the leaves very close but dense, and having a silky appearance on the
younger leaves. Leaves from obovate to obovate-oblong, very obtuse or
almost acute, slightly emarginate, mostly about 4 in. long, in the original
specimens narrowed at the base, glabrous above and quite entire. Cymes few,
loose, forming small terminal corymbs, shorter or but little longer than the

leaves. Buds ovoid, or at length nearly globular. Calyx 14 lines long,
very silky with short hairs, the tube very short. Petals narrow-linear. Style
almost entire. Fruit not seen.

W. Australia. Goose Island Bay, S. coast, R. Brown.

Var. major. Leaves larger, often 1 in. long; flowers larger.—P. stenopetala, F. Muell.
Fragm. iii. 69. Point Henry, Oldfield.

8. P. ledifolia, 4. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales, 351. A slender and
apparently a low shrub, the tomentum of the younger branches white and very
close, and soon disappearing. Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse, mostly about >
in. long, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous above, the margins slightly re-
curved, white underneath, with the midrib alone prominent. Flowers few,
In little loose shortly pedunculate cymes in the upper axils. Buds ovoid,
about 1 line long, silky-hairy. Calyx-tube exceedingly short. Petals narrow,
slightly concave. Styles rather short, free almost to the base. Ovary very
hairy. Capsule obovoid, nearly glabrous, fully 1 line long, the free part much
onger than the adnate tube, very obtuse and depressed or umbilicate at the
top. Cocci opening by the separation of the whole inner face, which. often
splits also along the centre.—rymalium helianthemifolium, Reissek, in Linnea,
Xxix. 271.

N.S. Wales. Rocky hills near Cox’s river, 4. Cunningham.

Victoria. Avon a Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller (only Sg in fruit). i

Var. (?) angustifolia. Leaves narrower, sprinkled on the upper side with stellate hairs.—

acalister river, E Mueller. The foliage in some measure comes near to that of P, phylici-
Jolia, but the capsule is that of P. Zedifolia. Flowers not seen.

9. P. apetala, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 62, t. 81. A shrub of 3 to 6
feet, the stellate tomentum of the young branches and under side of the leaves
usually dense, but close, sometimes however loose and floecose. Leaves petio-
ate, ovate-lanceolate or broadly oblong, obtuse or rarely acute, 2 to 4 in.
long, irregularly erenulate, glabrous, but rough and much wrinkled on the
Upper side, the principal veins very prominent underneath. Flowers small
and very numerous, in loose oblong thyrsoid panicles, leafy at the base. Buds
ovoid or nearly globular. Calyx 14 lines long, with stellate hairs, the tube
very short. Petals none. Anthers tipped by a small gland. Styles divided
to the middle, with club-shaped almost capitate stigmas. Gr ee obtuse,
E

*

420 XXXVI. RHAMNEZ. [Pomaderris.

with a few stellate hairs; cocci opening with a short valve, as in P. eliptica.
—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 77; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 73; P. aspera, Bieb. in
DC. Prod. ii. 33; A. DC. Pl. Rar. Jard. Gen. Se Not. 18, t. 4.

N.S. Wales. Nepean river, R. Brown; Port Jackson, Sieber, n. 211, and others;
abundant in open forest-lands south of the colony, 4. Cunningham; Twofold Bay, F.
Mueller.

Victoria. King's Island and Port Phillip, R. Brown; extending over the southern and
eastern districts of the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Abundant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse ; specimens in leaf only, and therefore
doubtful.

The species varies much in the quantity of stellate tomentum, and also in the size of the
flowers, but does not appear to be separable into distinct varieties.

10. P. cinerea, Benth. A tall shrub, with numerous slender branches,
hoary with a minute tomentum. Stipules filiform. Leaves ovate or ellip-
tical, obtuse or scarcely acute, 1 to nearly 2 in. long, quite entire, hoary above
and white underneath with a close minute tomentum, the primary vets pro-
minent underneath, but not impressed above. Cymes loose, many-flowered,
in terminal leafy panicles. Bracts narrow, falling off very early, as m the
rest of the genus. Buds small, globular, white-tomentose, not yet quite open
in the specimens seen. Calyx-tube exceedingly short. Petals none.

N.S. Wales. Mount Imlay, Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

11. P. prunifolia, 4. Cunn.; Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 22, Stellate
tomentum of the branches and under side of the leaves dense and white, or
sometimes ferruginous. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse or mucronate, seldom
above 14 in. long, wrinkled, and often scabrous above, with short, simple or
stellate hairs. Flowers small and numerous, in many-flowered compact cymes,
arranged in thyrsoid terminal panicles as in P. ligustrina. Calyx obovoid,
about 1 line long, the tube turbinate, the stellate tomentum usually concealed
by long silky hairs. Petals none. Styles cleft nearly to the base. Capsule
about 1 line diameter, hirsute, obtuse, only slightly protruding from the ad-
nate tube of the calyx.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 75.

N. S. Wales. Near Liverpool, 4. Cunningham; Paramatta, Woolls. ln some her-
baria Cunningham's labels of this and P. betulina are interchanged. h

Victoria. Genoa river and coast near Snowy River, F. Mueller. (Leaves almost smoot
above. Capsule rather more prominent.)

^ 12. P. ligustrina, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 34. Branches slender, the
tomentum soft and rust-coloured. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
to 2 in. long, glabrous above, quite entire, rusty-tomentose or almost woolly
underneath. Flowers small and numerous, in rather loose thyrsoid term!
panicles. Calyx obovoid, scarcely above 1 line long, softly silky-hairy. Petals
none, Styles usually divided to the middle, with club-shaped stigmas. Cap-
sule about 1 line diameter, hirsute, rather obtuse, the exserted part about as
long as the adnate tube; operculum of the cocci about half their length.—
F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 71.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, Sied. n. 212, and Fl. Mixt. n. 544, and others; Blue

Mountains, 4. Cunningham ; northward to Hastings river, Beckler; southward to
Bay, F. Mueller. e

Pomaderris.] XXXVI. RHAMNEA, 421

13. P. betulina, 4. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3219. A slender shrub or
small tree, with elongated branches. Tomentum of the young branches and
under side of the leaves often rust-coloured and usually close. Leaves ob-
` long or obovate, obtuse, seldom above I in. long. Flowers nearly sessile, in
dense globular heads, either solitary or more frequently two or three together,
on short axillary or terminal peduncles. Bracts more persistent than in most
Species. Buds obovoid-globular. Calyx about 1 line long, densely clothed
with long silky hairs. Petals none. Style cleft to the middle with club-
shaped branches, stigmatic some way down.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 76.

N. S. Wales. In a water-gully at the base of the Pine Ridge, Macquarie river,
4. Cunningham.

Victoria. Gravelly rocky banks of the Upper Genoa river, F, Mueller.

ae foliage of this species is not unlike that of P. prunifolia, but the inflorescence is very
erent.

14. P. obcordata, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 23. A low much-branched
shrub, the young branches hoary with a minute tomentum. Leaves cuneate,
obcordate, or broadly 2-lobed at the top, with rounded entire or crenate lobes,
rarely above $ in. long, and often much less, much contracted at the base,
the margins usually recurved, pale-coloured, but glabrous above, much whiter
underneath with a minute close tomentum. Flowers in loose eymes, forming
small terminal corymbs, of about 4 in. diameter or rather more. Bracts rather

ge, but very deciduous, as in other species. Calyx fully 1 line long, slightly

Oary. Petals none, in our specimens. Stamens long, with oblong anthers.
isk slightly prominent. Style 3-cleft to the middle. Fruit obovoid, nearly 2
es long, the exserted part stellate-tomentose and rather longer than the adnate
base. Cocci slightly wrinkled on the inner face, indehiscent or opening by
the whole inner face, or sometimes iu two valves.—Zrymalium bilobatum, F.
Muell., Reissek, in Linnæa, xxix. 279; T. biauritum, Reissek, and Muell. 1. c.
281; Pomaderris biaurita, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 73, and Pl. Viet. ii. t. 22.

S. Australia. . Brown; dry hills on the Glenelg and thence to
Guichen Bay, F. ripe fy Ed poner. Fi reir Gulf, Wardurton.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, M'Lean. ` ` : :

This species in some measure connects Pomaderris with Trymalium, but both the in-
florescence and flowers are much more those of the former genus than of Trymalium, especially
if they are really apetalous, as I find them in all the specimens I have examined, although
Reissek describes broadly hood-shaped petals with slender claws.

15. P. racemosa, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 956. A small much-branched
shrub, the stems and under side of the leaves covered with stellate tomentum,
Sometimes short and close, but often copious or loose and floccose, white or of
y deep rust-colour. Leaves small, seldom exceeding an inch, and often. not
above 4 in., from broadly ovate to oblong or obovate, obtuse, entire or irre-
gularly crenate. Flowers on very short pedicels, and generally few in each
cyme, of which 3 to 6 form short compound racemes in the — axils, and
sometimes the whole inflorescence reduced to 5 or 6 flowers. Buds globular.
Calyx 1 to 11 lines long, with stellate hairs. Petals none. Style cleft to the
middle, with club-shaped branches stigmatic some way down.—Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 77; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 75.

N. S. Wales. Desert of the Darling and Murray, F.
Specimens.)

Mueller. (Y have not seen these

422 XXXVI. RHAMNES. [Pomaderris.

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. Brown; on the coast from Wilson’s Promontory to the
Murray, Buchan river in Gipps’ Land and in the Murray desert, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. N. coast about the mouth of the Tamar, Lawrence, Gunn, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Memory Cove, R, Brown; from the Murray river to Spencer's Gulf `
and inland to Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

The species is very variable, the fullowing being the three principal forms observed :—

a. Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface and rather large; flowers rather large and
numerous.— P. oraria, F. Muell. and Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 268.

A. Leaves quite glabrous above; flowers rather large and few. :

c. Leaves slightly stellate-downy above; flowers small and usually numerous.—P. pani-
culosa, F. Muell. and Reissek, in Linnza, xxix. 269.

16. P. subrepanda, F. Muell., Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 267. Branches
slender, the tomentum of the young ones and under side of the leaves close,
stellate, and white or rust-coloured. Leaves oval or oblong, seldom 1 in.
long and usually 4 to $ in., entire or slightly and irregularly toothed, gla-
brous above with impressed veins. Cymes few-flowered, often reduced to 1
or 2 flowers, in short loose thyrsoid compound racemes in the upper axils,
forming oblong leafy terminal panicles. Buds globular. Calyx stellate-
tomentose, about 1 line long, the tube very short. Petals none. Ovary very
villous. Styles short, with almost capitate stigmas. Capsule ovoid, scarcely
1 line long, the free part longer than the adherent base. Cocci membranous,
opening by a longitudinal slit, or at length by nearly the whole inner face.—
F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 74.

Victoria. Yarra Yarra river and Forest Creek, F. Mueller. The foliage is very nearly
that of some specimens of P. prunifolia, but the flowers and fruit are quite distinct.

17. P. elachophylla, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 131. A tall shrub, with
numerous slender divaricate branches, rather loosely stellate-tomentose.
Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, rarely } in. long, and often under 2
lines, entire, glabrous above or sprinkled with a few minute stellate hairs, white-
tomentose underneath. Cymes few-flowered or reduced to 1 or 2 flowers m
the upper axils of the smaller branches, forming loose leafy racemes or narrow
thyrsoid panicles. Buds globular. Calyx stellate-tomentose, about #4 line
long, the tube very short. Petals none. Styles short, club-shaped. Young
capsule hairy, the free part much longer than the adnate calyx-tube.

Victoria. On the river Tyers, an affluent of the Latrobe river, F. Mueller; Upper
Yarra river, E B. Heyne.

.18. P. phylicifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 120. A heath-like shrub
with numerous erect branches, densely villous or rarely only stellate-downy-
Leaves linear or narrow-oblong, nearly sessile, seldom ‘above } in. long, t
margins usually much revolute so as often to conceal the under surface,
which bears a close white tomentum, whilst the upper side is more or
less seabrous with short simple or stellate hairs ; more rarely the leaves are
broader and nearly flat. Flowers small and few, in little loose cymes in the
upper axils, scarcely longer than the leaves, but very abundant along the
smaller branches, and the upper ones forming thyrsoid leafy panicles. Calyx
globular, densely pubescent or villous, scarcely 1 line diameter. Petals none.
Capsule ovoid, hirsute, about 1 line long, scarcely obtuse, the free part longer
than the adnate base. Cocci membranous, opening by the whole inner face.
—DC. Prod. ii. 34; P. ericifolia, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 257; Hook. f. Fl

Pomaderris. | XXXVI. RHAMNEJ. 423
Tasm. i. 78 ; Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 270 ; P. polifolia, Reissek, in Linnea,
xxix. 269.

Victoria. Banks of subalpine streams under the Australian Alps, descending into the
plains of Gipps’ Land on the Hume and Murray rivers, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Mersey river, Gunn ; St. Paul's river, C. Stuart.

Found also abundantly in the northern island of New Zealand. Some specimens of P.
ledifolia come near to this species in habit, but they may be readily known when in flower
by the petals, and in fruit by the very truncate or depressed apex of the capsule.

Var. latifolia. Leaves oblong, } to 1 in. long, the margins scarcely revolute.—Genoa
river in Victoria, F, Mueller. :

8. TRYMALIUM, Fenzl.

Calyx-tube entirely adnate to the ovary, the limb divided to the base into
5 lobes, usually deciduous or spreading. Petals 5, hood-shaped, entire or 3-
lobed, but not usually enclosing the anthers. Stamens 5, the filaments
rather short, incurved, with small, ovoid anthers. Disk annular or divided
into 5 glands, surrounding the ovary at the base of the calyx-lobes. Ovary”
half-inferior or almost entirely inferior, 3- or rarely 2-celled. Style 3-cleft or
rarely 2-cleft at the top or to the middle. Capsule protruding above the ad-
nate ealyx-tube or rarely on a level with it, the endocarp separating into
crustaceous or rarely membranous cocci, indehiscent or open internally in 2
valves. Seeds of Pomaderris.—Shrubs, with the habit and deciduous sti-
pules and bracts of Pomaderris, but with smaller flowers and a more slender
inflorescence, the panicles usually narrow, or the cymes few-flowered. Flowers
always pedicellate.

The species are all confined to West Australia.

Panicles or racemes elongated, terminal, or longer than the leaves.
Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, flat.

Leaves hoary on the upper side with a minute tomentum. . 1. T albicans. `
ves glabrous above, or hirsute . . . . . . . . . . 2T. Billardieri.
Leaves linear-oblong or linear, the margins revolute . . 9. T. ledifolium,

Cymes few-flowered, shorter than or scarcely exceeding the leaves.
Leaves linear. Ovary 3-celled. BERT
EN E A ledifolium.
Po Sba VU LB E NG Pe a T agusti fokua.
Leaves cuneate, hoary on both sides. Ovary 2-celled . . . . 5. Z. Wichuræ.

1. T. albicans, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 280. Apparently a tall shrub,
the branches white or hoary with a close stellate tomentum. Leaves broadly
ovate or obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, soft and more or less hoary on
the upper side, white underneath with a minute down. Flowers in thyrsoid
terminal panicles, larger and fewer than in 7. Billardieri. Calyx fully 1 line
long, white with a close tomentum. Capsule very obtuse, 1} lines in dia-
meter, the broad stellately pubescent exserted portion as long as the turbinate
adnate base ; cocci crustaceous, muricate or wrinkled on the inner face, ap-
parently indehiscent.—Pomaderris albicans, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 184.

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 229; sides of Mount Eliza,
Preiss, n. 1689.

2. T. Billardieri, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 25. A tall shrub, the young
branches hoary with stellate hairs and often villous with simple ones. Leaves

424 ‘XXXVI, RHAMNES. [ Trymalium.

sometimes broadly ovate or obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 2 to 3 In. long, entire or
with a few coarse crenatures, glabrous or pubescent above, white or hoary, or,
in the hirsute variety, villous underneath. Flowers numerous, m loose nar-
row terminal panicles, sometimes almost racemiform and 2 to 3 ese `
more frequently forming compound leafy panicles of 3 ft. or more. E
very small. Pedicels very slender. Calyx less than 1 line long, the e
very short and densely pubescent. Capsule very obtuse, stellate puree ee
the broad exserted portion longer than the adnate tube; cocci indehiscent,
the inner face very rugose.—Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 282 ; Ceanothus spa-
thulatus, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 60, t. 84; Pomaderris spathulata, G. Don,
Gen. Syst. ii. 38; T. floribundum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 185.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; in stony rocky places, Preiss, n. 1680;

King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; Harvey and Blackwood rivers, Oldfield ;
Mount Manypeak river, Maxwell.

Var. hirsutum, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 282. Branches, and often the leaves also, Gë

` sute and scarcely white underneath. Some specimens have so different an aspect Pe «d

typical form that they seem to indicate a distinct species, but the two are connected 2 2 d,
merous intermediates.— 7. expansum, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 185. King George s 5oun

Brown; Kalgan river, Oldfield; Todyay valley, Victoria district, Preiss, n. 1683 (Hd.
AR. Brown, Sonder, F. Muell),

3. T. ledifolium, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 24. A low shrub, with slen-
der branches, with a slight stellate tomentum. Leaves linear or eme
linear-lanceolate or oblong, from 3 to 1 in. long, the margins more or "i
revolute, glabrous above, hoary or sometimes very white underneath, with à
very prominent midrib. Panicles slender and raceme-like, usually 1 to 2 ^
long and terminal, but sometimes scarcely longer than the leaves and on gë
lateral shoots so as to appear lateral, the rhachis slightly tomentose. déi? *
small and very deciduous. Buds globular. Calyx little more than 3 line
long, usually very tomentose or pubescent, especially the tube, and the pies
and disk pubescent, but sometimes the whole flower quite glabrous. ` Sty
short. Capsule ovoid, truncate at the top, in the normal form not projecting
beyond the adnate calyx-tube, and usually crowned by the persistent calyx-

lobes, Cocci crustaceous, much wrinkled on the inner face.—Reissek, in Pl.
‘Preiss. ii. 282,

W. £ te King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan River, Drummond, st Coll.,
ned Blackwood and Vasse rivers and Darling range, Oldfield. di
Var. rosmarinifolium. Leaves usually narrow and much revolute; capsule protra nd
considerably beyond the adnate ealyx-tube.— Pomaderris rosmarinifolia, Steud. in 8T;
Preiss. i. 184; Cryptandra floribunda, Steud. 1. c. 186 ; C. glaucophylla, Steud. |. c. i. 1875

lium rosmarinifolium, Reissek, in P]. Preiss. it. 283.—Swan River, Drummond, Pres,
n, 1674, 1675, and 1684.
Var. daphuifolium. Leaves rather short, oblong,

mal form; capsule protruding considerably beyond the aduate calyx-tube.— 7. daphnifolium,
Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 283

— Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 237; between Pert
and King George's Sound, Harvey.

Var. (?) obovatum. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, flat.— Rocks at Todyay, Oldfield 7
The specimens are small and in bud only, the petals appear to be broader than usual. di

Cryptandra anomala, Steud, in Pl. Preiss. i. 187, appears also to be a variety of T. ledi-
folium.

the margins less revolute than in the nor-

4. T. angustifolium, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii, 284. An apparently

Trymaliwin.] XXXVI, RHAMNER, 425

low heath-like shrub, with erect twiggy branches, hoary with short stiff hairs.
Leaves linear, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, the margins much revolute, hispid
with stiff hairs, hoary or ‘silky underneath. Flowers very small, in axillary
cymes, forming short, dense, terminal, raceme-like leafy panicles of 4 to 1 in.
Bracts minute. Pedicels short. Calyx-tube very hairy. Petals rather shorter
than the calyx-lobes, with a lateral concave lobe on each side almost as large
as the central one, and contracted below the lobes into a short claw. Disk
annular. Capsule 14 to 14 lines diameter, globular, very hispid and acumi-
nate with the persistent base of the style. Cocci almost membranous, appa-
rently indehiscent.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st Coil.

5. T. Wichurz, Nees; Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 281. A much-
branched slender shrub, the young branches and both sides of the leaves
hoary with a minute close tomentum. Leaves obovate-cuneate or spathulate,
very obtuse or rarely emarginate, 2 to 4 lines long, much contracted at the
base. Flowers very small, 2 to 4 together in little terminal cymes. Calyx
about 1 line long, minutely hoary. Disk prominent. Petals small, hood-
shaped, entire. Ovary 2-celled. ‘Style minutely 2-lobed at the top. Capsule
obovoid, 14 lines long, the exserted portion very obtuse and shorter than the

See tube, splitting to the base into 2 valves, the 2 cocci opening in 2
Valves, E

w. Australia, Swan River, Drummond; between Perth and King George’s Sound,
Harvey ; King George's Sound, Wilson's River, and Hay Inlet, Maxwell.

9. SPYRIDIUM, Fenzl.
(Stenodiscus, Reissek.)

Calyx-tube entirely adnate or shortly free above the ovary, but not above
the disk, the limb divided to the disk into 5 usually persistent lobes. Petals
5, hood-shaped, usually enclosing the anthers. Stamens 5; filaments short ;
anthers small, ovoid. “Disk annular or divided into 5 glands, either close
round the ovary and filling the calyx-tube, or lining the calyx-tube when pro-
duced above the ovary. Ovary wholly inferior, 3-celled. Style entire or mi-
nutely 3-toothed, Capsule enclosed in the calyx-tube and crowned. by the
persistent lobes, 3-valved at the top, the endocarp separating into 3, some-
times reduced to 2 or 1, membranous or rarely crustaceous cocci, either in-

ehiscent or opening inwards by a longitudinal slit. Seeds of Pomaderris.—
hrubs, with the indumentum of Pomaderris. Leaves usually small. Sti-
pules scarious, brown, lanceolate, usually connate and persistent. _ Flowers
sessile in heads or rarely solitary, surrounded by small, persistent, imbricate,
rown scarious bracts, the heads small, sessile, usually several together in a
Compound head or in corymbose cymes, the outer heads in each having often a
floral leaf, either like the stem-leaves, or smaller and broader, on a longer peti-
ole and whiter, the head having the appearance of being inserted on the petiole.

The genus is enti stralian and extratropical. It differs from 7ryma/ium chiefly in
inflorescence “ak Dep reen and Griplondina in the calyx-tube not produced
above the disk, : E

426 XXXVI. RHAMNES. [Spyridium.

§1. Heads very small and few-flowered, sessile along the branches, with very minute
bracts. Leaves obcordate. xu Mone
Leaves 2 to 5 lines long, hoary on both sides . . . . LI . tridentatum.
Leaves 1 to 2 lines ome aie above, white underneath . . 2. S. divaricatum.

§ 2. Heads several-flowered in cymes or compound heads, usually with one or more floral
leaves. Leaves obovate, obcordate-ovate, or broadly oblong.

Disk annular, or of 5 glands close upon the ovary or nearly so.
Flower-heads in cymes, except in some of the last species,
where they are in compound heads.
Leaves herbaceous, pubescent or glabrous above.
Leaves obovate, obcordate, or cuneate, mostly 2 to 3 lines
long, glabrous above, the veins not impressed . . . 8. S serpyllaceum.
Leaves ovate, 3 to 6 lines or sometimes above 1 in. long,
hoary or softly pubescent, or rarely glabrous above. =
Disk very prominent, almost closing over the ovary . . 4. S. parvifolium.
Disk slightly prominent, of 5 distinct glands . . . . 5. S. spadiceum.
Leaves coriaceous, glabrous and smooth above when full-
grown.
Leaves mostly 1 to 1} in. long, ovate, on rather long pe-
tiole Heads numerous; in the cyme. Floral leaves
rare. Plant generally canescent . . . . . . , 6. S. globulosum.
Leaves mostly à to $ in, on short petioles. Cymes
small, with 3 or 4 floral leaves, Tomentum rusty
or very white.
Leaves obovate or oblong, contracted at the base - . H. S. obovatum.
Leaves ovate, obtuse at the base xxx WU. oe teen. B, A Gun.
Leaves rarely attaining 1 in.
Leaves cuneate-obovate or, spathulate, silky underneath . 9. S. spathulatum.
Leaves small, broad, much revolute, smooth above,
woolly underneath.
Leaves orbicular -or obovate. Flower-heads very
leg EE EE E EE
Leaves broadly cordate. Flowers glabrous at the top . 11. S. cordatum.
Leaves ovate or obovate, with raised retieulations above,
Ky nadernet 2 o io 0900 m Gan ag ay phlebophyllum.
Disk lining the calyx-tube above the ovary, with a thickened
annular margin under the lobes. Flower-heads in compound 3
compact heads. Leaves under $ in. :

Leaves obtuse at the base, often wae. . Ak A coactilifolium.

Leaves obovate, narrowed at the base, folded lengthwise.

Flower-heads globular . . oss > s + « 5 . Lë, A complicatum.

§3. Heads several-flowered, in cymes T compound heads, usually with one or more
Jor pire Leaves linear, linear. -oblong, narrow-cuneate or 2-lobed, the margins usually
rev à

Flower-heads small, in es. Disk of 5 disti
Taisen ee cym distinct glands.
Leaves glabrous above, silky underneath. Branches tomentose,
Cymes little branched `... . sooto s e . 15. S. westringiefolium.
Tomentum hoary, mixed with long hairs. Cymes much
Gems A se! 0 Xue E NE
Tomentum hoary or white. Cymes small, few-headed ` e. 17. S. pauciflorum.
Flower-heads united into one dense compound head.
Leaves shortly 2-lobed. — Disk dividing into distinct glands,
Te "umen very pubescent . . . . * 5 o 5 . 18. S. halmaturinum.
ves linear, minutely tomentose or glabrous «+ s «19. S. bifidum.
Leaves entire. Disk undulate or mes ar os

Calyx glabrous, very small . “Tre t9 s. e 94. teren beggen

Spyridium.| XXXVI, RHAMNER. 427

Calyx tomentose or hirsute, at least the tube.
Stipules on the young shoots large. Calyx 1 to 14 lines
long. Disk prominent, annular, close to the ovary,
Leaves tomentose or hoary on both sides, rarely gla-
brous above when old . DOSE et Aus . 20. S. subochreatum.
Leaves glabrous above, very narrow . . . . . . 1. S. oligocephalum.
Stipules small. Calyx under 1 line. Leaves usually gla-
brous above.
Floral leaves usually ovate, more petiolate than the stem-
leaves. Disk annular, close on the ovary . . . 29. S. vezilliferum.
Floral leaves like the stem-leaves. Disk lining the
ealyx-tube with a thickened annular margin raised
above the ovary. . . . . . . « « « . « 98. S. eriocephalum.
$4. Flowers solitary or 3 together, each with separate bracts. Disk lining the calyz-
tube, the thickened annular margin under the calyz-lobes far above the ovary. Leaves
linear, the margins revolute (Stenodiscus, Reissek) . . . 25. S. u/teinum.

l. S. tridentatum, Benth. Branches slender, wiry, slightly pubescent.
Leaves obovate, obcordate, or triangular, truncate or 3-toothed at the top,
narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 lines long, the margins not recurved, but the
leaf sometimes conduplicate as in S. complicatum or in Stenanthemum, usually
hoary on both sides with a minute close tomentum, or clothed with longer
appressed hairs underneath. Flowers very small, in small lateral heads, ses-
sile among a few floral leaves, the brown bracts narrow and much smaller
than in any other species. Calyx not 1 line long, hoary-tomentose. Disk
annular, close round the ovary. Capsule ovoid, nearly 13 lines long, crowned
by the calyx-lobes. Cocci almost crustaceous, opening inwards in 2 valves.
—Cryptandra tridentata, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 186; Reissek, in Pl. Preiss.
u. 289; Stenanthemum tridentatum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 295.

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1216 and 2421, Between Perth and King
George’s Sound, Harv ; Murchison river and Champion Bay, Oldfield.

This species was placed by Reissek in Stexanthemum, but the calyx has not the slender
tube produced above the disk and ovary which characterizes that genus.

2. S. divaricatum, Benth. A low, divaricately-branched, often spines-
cent shrub, the brauches nearly glabrous, slender but rigid. Leaves in little
clusters along the branches, 1 to 2 lines long, obcordate or obtusely 2-lobed,
narrowed at the base, the margins revolute, glabrous and smooth above, white
underneath. Flowers very minute, 2 or 3 together in the clusters of leaves, with
small imbricate acuminate bracts. Calyx little more than 4 line long, the short
tube pubescent, the lobes glabrous. Disk annular, close round the ovary.

W. Australia. Dirk Hartog’s Island, Milne; Murchison river, Oldfield.

3. S. serpyllaceum, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 80. Branches numerous,
prostrate, slender and wiry, the young ones minutely tomentose, but soon
glabrous. Leaves obovate or obcordate, very obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 to 5
lines long, the margins recurved, glabrous or slightly tomentose above, with
the veins slightly impressed, hoary or white underneath. Flowers in small
very compact heads, forming small leafy cymes, the imbricate brown bracts
almost as long as the calyx. Calyx about 1 line long, densely tomentose.
Disk slightly raised above the ovary, lining the short tube and forming a ring
under the lobes. Cocci membranous.—Oryptandra obcordata, Hook. f. Fl.
Tasm. i. 71; Trymalium serpyllaceum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 280.

428 XXXVI. RHAMNE. [Spyridium.

Victoria. Entrance of the Genoa river, F. Mueller. à
Tasmania. Trap hills on the banks of the Tamar, and abundant on the Asbestos hills,
Guna, J. D. Hooker.

4. S. parvifolium, F. Muell Fragm. ii. 79. Much-branched and
rather slender, with a dense close tomentum or with a loose and more spread-
ing pubescence, varying from hoary to a more or less rusty tint. Leaves
obovate or orbieular, very obtuse or emarginate, seldom in the ordinary form
above 4 in. and often not above 3 lines long, the margins usually recurved,
soft and often hoary on the upper side, with the primary veins much im-
pressed, softly hoary underneath, with the veins prominent. Flowers closely
sessile in little heads, forming small dense terminal leafy cymes, and closely
surrounded by the short brown imbricate bracts. Calyx very hirsute, about
1 line long. Disk very prominent over the ovary, almost concealing it.
Capsule wholly inferior. Cocci crustaceous, slightly rugose on the inner face,
indehiscent or opening tardily in 2 valves.—Pomaderris parvifolia, Hook.
Journ. Bot. i. 257; Schlecht. Linnæa, xx. 636 ; Oryptandra parvifolia, Hook.
f. Fl. Tasm. i. 73; Trymalium parvifolium and T. hermannioides, Reissek, in
Linnea, xxix. 275.

N.S. Wales. Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Frequent in rocky, stony, and scrubby places, F. Mueller. In Mitchell's
collections under the name of 7. majoranefolium, Lindl., but not Fenzl’s species of that
name. :

Tasmania. N. coast, banks of the Tamar, and islands of Bass’s Straits, Gunn and others.

S. Australia. Mouth of the Glenelg, Al/it¢; extending to Barossa ranges and St.
Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. molle—Softly hairy all over.— Cryptandra mollis, Hook. f. Fl. asm. i. 73. Flinders
Island and Cape Barren Island, Gunn.

Var. Airsufissimum, very hispid all over.—In the Grampians, Wilhelmi.

Var. grande, F. Muell. Luxuriant, the leaves often above 1 in. long, and cymes loose
and many-headed, thus assuming the aspect of S. spadiceum, but with the prominent disk
of S. parvifolium—Trymalium eupatorioides, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 270; Dandenong m
Victoria, F. Mueller.

5. S. spadiceum, Benth. Branches clothed with a soft but close often
rusty tomentum, with more or less of soft spreading hairs. Leaves in the
original form from narrow-oblong to nearly oval, obtuse, 1 to 14 in. long, or
à in. on the lateral branches, softly and minutely pubescent above, white un-
derneath or the veins rusty. Flower-heads crowded in compact broad cymes,
usually shorter than the leaves. Brown bracts broad and numerous. Calyx
scarcely 1 line long, the tube very hairy. Petal-claws slender. Style short.
Disk of distinct glands, alternating with the stamens and very slightly raised `
above the ovary. Capsule nearly 13 lines long, erowned by the calyx-lobes.
Cocci rather coriaceous, opening inside in 2 valves—Trymalium spadiceum,
Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 26; Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 280; Pomaderris hir-

suta, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 184; Trymalium thomasioides, Turez. in Bull.
Mose. 1858, i. 459. .

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, Huegel; southern districts, Drummond, n
281; rocky places at the back of Mount Clarence, Preiss, n. 1673 a, Oldfield.

Var. majoranefolium. A smaller plant. Leaves usually under A in. long, rather more
coriaceous than in the ordinary form, hoary on both sides with a close soft tomentum.
Flower-heads small, in small compact eymes. Disk separating iuto 5 glands close to the `

———— ———
beggen, vumm, -

Spyridium.] XXXVI. RHAMNEA, 429

ovary. Cocci membranous.—Zrymalium majoranefolium, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 21;
Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 281; Pomaderris commixta, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 184. King
George's Sound, A. Brown, and others; Mount Clarence, Preiss, a. 1673 b. Usually a
very marked form, but some specimens seem to pass into the larger variety.

Var. (?) calvescens, Reissek, in P]. Preiss. ii. 98. Leaves glabrous above, or nearly so,
usually small, of a firmer consistence, almost like those of S. obovatum and S. Gunnii, but
the flowers are much smaller and the disk different.—Pomaderris subretusa, Steud. in Pl.
Preiss. i. 183.—King George's Sound, R. Brown; Mount Baldhead, Preiss, ». 1687;
Princess Royal Harbour, Mazwell.

The species, although sometimes approaching S. parvifolium in habit, is readily known
by the disk. :

6. S. globulosum, Benih. A tall shrub, with larger leaves and more
of the appearance of a Pomaderris than most Spyridia, generally hoary with
a minute very close tomentum. Leaves ovate, obovate or oblong, very obtuse,
l to 12 or rarely 2 in. long, almost coriaceous, glabrous above, white or
hoary underneath, or rarely slightly rusty. Flower-heads nearly globular,
numerous in dense corymbose cymes in the axils of the leaves and not much
exceeding them. Brown bracts pubescent, shorter than the calyx. Calyx
pubescent or silky-villous, about 1 line long, broadly campanulate. Disk of

. 5 distinct glands, close round the ovary. Sage scarcely 12 lines long, the

pubescent convex summit slightly protruding from the calyx-tube, but covered
by the persistent segments. Cocci membranous.—Ceanothus globulosus, Labill,
PL Nov. Holl. i. 61, t. 85; Pomaderris globulosa, G. Don, in Loud. Hort.
Brit. 84, and Gen. Syst. ii. 38; Trymalium globulosum, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum.
25; Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 279; Pomaderris polyantha and P. emula,
mes iA Pl. Preiss. i. 182; P. phillyregfolia and P. pyrrhophylla, Steud.
. e. 183,

W. Australia. Common about King George's Sound, Labillardi?re, R. Brown, and
others, and thence along the coast to Vasse river and Swan River, Drummond, Oldfield,
Preiss, n. 1076, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1681, 1690, and others.

~ T. S. obovatum, Benth. Apparently a low and much-branched shrub,

the stellate tomentum usually somewhat rust-coloured. Leayes obovate or
oblong, very obtuse or slightly emarginate, seldom exceeding 3 in., the mar-
gin recurved, firm and coriaceous, usually smooth and shining above, with
the primary veins impressed, softly but closely tomentose underneath.
Flower-heads small, in terminal cymes, with 1 to 3 floral leaves. Bracts or-
dicular. Calyx 1 line long, the tube hairy, the lobes glabrous or rarely hir-
sute. Petal-claws slender. Disk prominent, undulate, close round the ovary.
—Pomaderris obovata, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 277; Cryptaudra obovata,
mo f. Fl. Tasm. i. 74; Trymalium obovatum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix.

Tasmania. Common on the east coast, Gunn and others, Some S. Australian broad-
leaved forms of S. verilliferum appear to come very near to this species. ` à

Var. velutinum. Leaves minutely and softly tomentose on the upper side.—Trymalium
velutinum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 276.— Tasmania, C. Stuart.

8. S. Gunnii, Benth. Very near S. obovatum, and the leaves have the
same coriaceous texture, but they are rather larger, mostly above $ in. long and
more ovate or oval than obovate, glabrous or rarely tomentose above, densely
tomentose underneath. Cymes more developed, with 2, 3, or more floral

430 XXXVI. RHAMNEX. _ [Spyridium.

leaves. Flowers larger, the calyx usually 14 lines long, tomentose outside
and the disk scarcely prominent. Cocci coriaceous.— Cryptandra | Gunnii,
Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 73.

Tasmania. Banks of the Franklin river, near Macquarie Harbour, Gnn. Referred
by F. Mueller to S. parvifolium, from which, however, it appears to me to differ consider-
ably in flowers as well as in foliage.

9. S. spathulatum, F. Muell. Herb. Very much-branched, the stellate
tomentum close and often assuming a yellowish-golden tint. Leaves cuneate-
obovate, 3 to 5 lines long, the margius thickened but scarcely recurved, coria-
ceous, nearly glabrous above, the under surface hoary or yellowish with a more
or less silky and shining pubescence consisting of appressed hairs. Flowers
very minute, in little dense heads with a leafy bract at their base, forming
short terminal cymes sometimes passing into racemes. Brown bracts minute.
Calyx scarcely 4 line long. Disk prominent, undulate, close above the ovary.
Capsule near 2 lines long, the persistent bracts much enlarged. Cocci mem-
branous or chartaceous, apparently indehiscent.—Zrymalium spathulatum,
F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 122 ; T. daphnoides, Reissek, in Linnea,
xxix. 278. :

S. Australia. South coast, R. Brown ; Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller ; foot of the Marble
range, Wilhelmi; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

WV. Australia? Herb. Hooker, specimens believed to be from Drummond.

Var. microphyllum. | Leaves 2 to 3 lines long, usually silvery-white, branches slender,
corymbose.—Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

10. S. Lawrencii, Benth. Low, much-branched, and prostrate or sub-
erect, the tomentum hoary or rusty on the young branches. Leaves nearly
orbicular, cordate, ovate or obcordate, very obtuse or emarginate, rarely
above 2 lines long and often not more than 1 line, thickly coriaceous, the
margins much recurved, glabrous or nearly so above, densely tomentose or
woolly underneath. Cymes more or less leafy, very dense and hairy, the
brown bracts pubescent outside. Calyx scarcely 1 line long, very hairy.
Petals nearly sessile. Disk slightly prominent, immediately above the ovary.
Cocci crustaceous.—Cryptandra Lawrencii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 72; Try-
malium microphyllum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 273.

Tasmania. E. coast, Great Swan Port, Backhouse; St. Paul’s river, Gunn, C. Stuart.

11. S. cordatum, Benth. Apparently low and procumbent, much re-
sembling S. Lawrencii. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly cordate, very
obtuse or emarginate, 2 to 3 lines long, coriaceous, tomentose above when
young, at length glabrous, smooth and shining, the margins much recurved,
white or rusty-tomentose underneath. Flower-heads in very compact compound
heads, 3 to 4 lines broad, with 2 to 4 floral leaves. Calyx scarcely 4 line
long, the tube loosely villous, the lobes nearly glabrous. Disk little promi-
nent, and almost concealed by the hairs of the top of the ovary, although in
fact inserted at a small distance above it.— Cryptandra cordata, Turcz. m
Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 459.

WV. Australia. Drummond, 5th Coll., n. 230.

12. S. phlebophyllum, P Muell. Herb. Low, tortuous, and much-
branched, with a dense, close, somewhat rusty tomentum. Leaves ovate or

CTUM ——————Á— o

Spyridium.] XXXVI. RHAMNEJE. 431

nearly orbicular, very obtuse or emarginate, 3 to 4 lines long or rarely more,
the margins thick and recurved, thickly coriaceous, glabrous above with raised
reticulations, which distinguish this species from all others as yet known,
silky-tomentose underneath with short appressed hairs. Flower-heads very
small, in little dense cymes, usually with a small floral leaf. Brown bracts
pubescent. Calyx rarely above j line long, hairy. Disk annular, undulate,
slightly prominent, close above the ovary. Cocci coriaceous.—Zrymalium
phlebophylium, F. Muell., Reissek, in Linnza, xxix. 272.

S. Australia. Elders range, near Lake Torrens, F. Mueller.

13. S. coactilifolium, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 291. Young branches
rusty with a stellate tomentum mixed with spreading hairs. Leaves distinctly

petiolate, ovate or obovate, very obtuse or emarginate, mostly 3 to 5 lines

long, broad and obtuse at the base, flat on the edges, softly and densely

_ pubescent on both sides, the upper ones often white and almost woolly.

Flower-heads combined into very compact compound heads, like those of

8. Lawrencii, with several white woolly floral leaves. Calyx slender, scarcely

l line long, very hispid. Disk like that of S. Lawrencil, but the annular
margin further removed above the ovary.
S. Australia. Encounter Bay, Whitaker, F. Mueller. : :

_ Var. integrifolium. Rather less tomentose, and the leaves not emarginate.—S. thymtfo-
lium, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 289, and S. Stwartii, Reissek, 1. c .290. The brown or
black stipules and bracts are present in all these, as well as in the original form, but are
smaller and less conspicuous in the more serubby and woolly specimens than in the more
luxuriant and elongated ones. F. Mueller unites both these forms with H. vezilliferum, but
both the foliage and the disk appear to me to be quite different.

14. S. complicatum, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 18. A rigid, divaricately-

_ branched shrub, allied to S. coactilifolium in the indumentum and structure of

the flowers, with nearly the foliage of S. tridentatum, and of some Stenanthema.
Leaves nearly sessile, obovate or broadly cuneate, emarginate, with a short
recurved point, 1 to 3 in, long, narrowed into a petiole, mostly folded length-

Vise, rather thick, softly tomentose on both sides, especially underneath, or

nearly glabrous above. Flower-heads compound, nearly globular, sessile,
Very dense, 3 to 6 lines diameter. Brown bracts very short. Calyx very
sute, about 1 line long. Disk annular, lining the calyx-tube to a consider-
le distance above the ovary. Capsule globular or ovoid, 14 lines long;
cocci rather hard, opening in 2 valves. `
_W. Australia. Dirk Hartog’s Island, 4, Cunningham; Murchison river and Cham-
Pion Bay, Oldfield,
_ 1. S. westringizefoli Benth. Stellate tomentum of the young
branches often inised with short aps pubescence, Leaves narrowly cuneate-
ng, or almost oblong-linear, obtuse, above } in. long, much narrowed at
» the margins recurved, glabrous or nearly so above, densely silky-

tomentose with almost appressed hairs underneath. Flower-heads small, in
` Short leafy scarcely branched cymes, often with 1 or 2 floral leaves to each

d. Brown bracts ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, often pubescent. Disk of
5 distinct glands close above the ovary.—Pomaderris westringiafolia, Steud.

Se x Preiss. i. 185; Trymalium westringiafolium, Reissek, in PI. Preiss. ii.

hs.

432 XXXVI. RHAMNEA. [Spyridium.

WV. Australia. Limestone plains, Arthur's Head, Preiss, n. 1686. The specimen
have seen is small aud imperfect, but appears very distinct from any other species. The
disk is that of S. spadicevm, but the foliage aud indumentum are very different, and its affi-
nity is more probable with the following species.

16. S. villosum, Benth. Tomentum of the young branches hoary or
rusty, mixed with stiff spreading hairs. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, 3 to
3 in. long, or shorter on the side branches, mostly with a short recurved
point, the margins much recurved, hoary with a minute tomentum or glabrous
above, more densely tomentose underneath, and hispid with a few spreading
hairs on the midrib and margins. Flower-heads very dense, in shortly pe-
dunculate cymes, with one or two floral leaves. Brown bracts broad. Calyx
about 2 line long, tomentose. Disk prominent, divided into distinct glands
immediately above the ovary. Petals rather long. —Cryptandra villosa, Turcz.
in Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 458.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 232.

17. S. pauciflorum, Benth. Young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves
narrow-oblong, obtuse, mostly about 3 in. long, the margins much recurved,
glabrous or minutely tomentose and hoary above, white underneath with a
close stellate tomentum mixed with minute simple hairs. Cymes very small,
consisting almost of single heads, usually with a floral leaf. Calyx scarcely >
line long, tomentose, Disk of 5 minute distinct glands close above the ovary.
Capsule nearly 1 line long. Cocci membranous, opening inwards in 2 valves.
—Cryptandra pauciflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 458.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 233. Evidently allied to the
last two species and may possibly prove to be a variety of one of them, but the specimens I
have seen appear too distinct to justify their union without further materials.

18. S. halmaturinum, F. Muell. Herb. Low and erect, densely to- :
mentose-villous with short spreading hairs, mixed with the closer stellate
tomentum. Leaves cuneate-oblong, about 1 in. long, divided at the top into
2 short obtuse spreading lobes, the margins much recurved, green and villous
on both sides, or the under one more hoary. Flower-heads very dense, in
compact terminal cymes. Brown bracts tomentose outside. Calyx nearly
1 line long, very hirsute. Petal-claws slender. Disk of 5 distinct prominent
glands close above the ovary.—rymalium halmaturinum, F. Muell., Reissek,
in Linnea, xxix. 283.

S. Australia. Sandy scrub, Kangaroo Island, E. G. Sealy, Waterhouse.

19. S. bifidum, 7. Muell. Herb. A low heath-like shrub, the tomentum
close and stellate. Leaves linear-cuneate, forked at the top, with 2 short obtuse
or hooked lobes, $ to 4 in. long,

the margins much revolute, glabrous above,
tomentose underneath. Flower-heads in compact terminal compound heads,

usually with 2 or 3 prominent and very tomentose floral leaves. Calyx about
1 line long, hirsute with white hairs. Petals clawed. Disk annular, promi-
nent, close above the ovary, at length separating into distinct glands.—

Trymalium bifidum, F. Muell, Reissek, in Linnza, xxix. 282; T. steno-
phyllum, Reissek, l. c.

S. Australia. Boston Point and Marble Range, Wilhelmi.
20. S. subochreatum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 287, A much-

Spyridium.] XXXVI, RHAMNEE, 433

branched heath-like shrub, the tomentum very close, stellate and hoary.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong, obtuse, 4 to nearly 4 in. long, the margins
much revolute, stellate-tomentose on both sides, or beeoming at length gla-
brous above, occasionally appearing perfectly so from the under side being
concealed by the revolute margins. Stipules large and conspicuous, especially
at the base of the young shoots, where they are often above 2 lines long.
Flower-heads in dense compound terminal heads, of $ to j in. diameter,
sessile amongst the last leaves. the floral leaves not very prominent. Flowers
considerably larger than in S. vezil/iferum. Calyx 1 to 14 lines long, hirsute
or tomentose. Petal-claws short. Disk annular, undulate, very prominent,
but close above the ovary. Capsule usually ripening a single membranous
coceus.—F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 82; Trymalinm subochreatum, F. Muell. in
Trans. Viet. Inst. i. 122; T. Behri, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 274; T. poly-

cephatum, Turcz. in Bull. Mose. 1858, i. 460.
` N. S. Wales. Desert of the Darling and Murray, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Murray scrub, A Mueller.

S. Australia, S. coast, R. Brown; Boston Point, F. Mueller,

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. Suppl. n. 91 (the same number affixed also to
Stenanthemum humile). Phillips river and E. Mount Barren, Maxwell. "These western
Specimens are rather coarser and more tomentose, with larger leaves and flowers.

Trymalium leucopogon, V. Muell; Reissek, in Linnæa, xxix. 274, from the Murray de-
sert, appears to be a slight variety, with smaller, more glabrous leaves, and the hairs of the
calyx very white.

?l. S. oligocephalum, Benth. Very near S. subochreatum and may
be only a variety, differing from it chiefly in the leaves, like those of 5.
vezilliferum, perfectly glabrous above, or only slightly hoary when very
young, and usually much longer and narrower. Stipules remarkably large.
"lowers in dense terminal compound heads, sessile amongst the last leaves.
Calyx about 1 line long, densely tomentose-hirsute. Disk annular, undu-
late, more prominent in some flowers than in others, but always less so than
i. cdi oohreatum.— Trymalium oligocephalum, Turez. in Bull. Mosc. 1858,
i. 460.

W. Australia. Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 236.

22. S. vexilliferum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 285. A low, straggling,
heath-like shrub, with prostrate or suberect branches, not above a foot high,
the close stellate tomentum rusty or hoary, the young shoots often somewhat
glutinous. Leaves linear linear-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, mostly à in.

ong, or in some specimens shorter, the margins’ much revolute, glabrous or
nearly so above, except the floral ones, tomentose underneath. Flower-heads
Compound, very compact, 2 to 3 lines diameter, usually pedunculate, with 1
or 2 petiolate ovate floral leaves, very white and tomentose on both sides, or
rarely more like the cauline ones. Brown bracts very numerous. Calyx hispid,
Scarcely 1 line long. Disk annular, close to the ovary. Petal-claws very
short, Fruiting calyx 2 lines long, with membranous cocei.— Oryptandra
vewillifera, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 257; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i 71; Spyridium
Phylicoides, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 286 ; 8. diffusum, Reissek, l. c. 288.

S E Deserts of the Murray and Murrumbidgee, F. Mueller ; in the Grampians,

helm, ;

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; northern districts, Gunn. S
VOL, I. F

434 XXXVI, RHAMNES, [Spyridium.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown; from the mouth of the Murray to St. Vineent’s
Gulf, F. Mueller.

Var. Zatifolium. More slender and apparently procumbent. Leaves oblong, sometimes
rather broadly so, the margins much less recurved. Flower-heads small.— Victoria and S.
Australia. Some specimens seem almost to connect this form with S. obovatum. F. Mueller
proposes to consider S. vezil/iferum itself as a variety only of S. eriocephalum ; but, besides
the floral leaves, in all the flowers I have examined I have found the disk much closer upon
the ovary. It is possible, however, that this character may not be so constant as it has
appeared to be.

23. S. eriocephalum, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 24. An erect, spreading,
or prostrate heath-like shrub, with the young branches stellate-tomentose.
Leaves linear, rigid, mostly with a short callous or often pungent point, about
} or rarely near 4 in. long, the margins closely revolute, glabrous above, the
under side usually quite concealed. Flower-heads compound, 2 to 3 lines
diameter, sessile or shortly pedunculate, usually with 1 or 2 floral leaves like
the cauline ones, but broader. Calyx scarcely 1 line long, hispid with white
hairs. Disk lining the calyx-tube and forming a ring at some distance above
the ovary. Petals clawed. Capsule usually with only one perfect membra-
nous coccus.—Cryptandra eriocephala, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 72; Spyridium
prostratum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 284; S. uncinatum, Reissek, l. c. 289
(with the leaves more frequently pungent).

N. S. Wales. Eurylean scrub, 4. Cunningham.

Victoria. Desert of the Murray, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown ; dry places above Hobarton and South Esk,

S. Australia. Arid places from the mouth of the Murray to Spencer's Gulf, F. Mueller.

24. S. microcephalum, Benth. Apparently procumbent, much-
branched, and heath-like, the young branches slender, with a minute rusty
tomentum. Leaves linear, obtuse, with a minute callous point, mostly 2 to
3 lines long, the margins closely revolute, glabrous above, the tomentose
under side quite concealed. Flower-heads compound, compact, seldom above
3 lines diameter, terminal or lateral, often with 1 or 2 prominent tomentose
floral leaves. Calyx less than 1 line long, glabrous. Disk undulate, close
shots the ovary.—Cryptandra microcephala, Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1858, 1.

58.
W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 934.

. 95. S. ulicinum, Benth. Tall, much-branched, and heath-like, the to-
mentum hoary or rusty. Leaves crowded, linear or linear-oblong, obtuse,
emarginate or shortly bifid, mostly about 4 in. long, the margins revolute, gla-
brous above or hoary when young, the under side hoary with a very close tomen-
tum. Flowers 1 to 3 together, closely sessile amongst the last leaves of short
lateral branches, the central one elea in 3 or 4 brown imbricate bracts,
the lateral ones with 2 each. Calyx about 22 lines long, silky-hairy, the
lobes nearly as long as the free part of the tube. Petals and stamens at
the base of the calyx-lobes, in the sinus of the disk, which lines the calyx-
tube and forms a thick undulating ring round the throat, at a considerable

distance above the ovary.—Cryptandra ulicina, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 2575

iE f FI. Tasm. i. 72; Stenodiscus ulicinus, Reissek, in Linnæa, xxix.

Muy; come 7777 ao s m —

Spyridium.) XXXVI. RHAMNEA. 435

Tasmania. Common on the banks of the Derwent above New Norfolk and Launceston,
also on the summit of Mount Wellington, Gunn. Although this differs from other Spyridia,
and approaches Stenanthemum and Cryptandra in the greater length of the calyx-tube and
almost separate flowers, yet the disk is as in Spyridizm, and it appears better to consider it
an extreme form of that genus than a monotypic genus as proposed by Reissek.

10. STENANTHEMUM, Reissek.

Flowers sessile in heads, surrounded by small, persistent, imbricate brown
bracts. Calyx-tube adherent at the base, free, slender, and often deciduous
above the ovary and disk, 5-lobed at the top. Petals 5, hood-shaped, en-
closing the anthers and inserted with the stamens at the top of the calyx-tube.
Disk .searcely prominent, round the top of the ovary at the base of the -
calyx-tube. Ovary wholly inferior, 3-celled. Style entire or minutely 3-
toothed. Capsule enclosed in the base of the calyx-tube, which is often
contracted over it or deciduous ; the endocarp separating into 3 membranous
or crustaceous cocci opening in 2 valves. Seeds of Pomaderris.—Shrubs, with
the habit of Spyridium. Flowers sessile, in heads, or in one species in a
cyme, surrounded by small, persistent, imbricate brown bracts, and sometimes
with 1 or 2 floral leaves, as in Spyridium. >

The genus is confined to Australia. The floral characters are those of Cryptandra, with
the inflorescence of Spyridium. :

Leaves obovate, obcordate, or broadly oblong. À
ves rusty-tomentose underneath . . . . . . . . « « l. S. pomaderroides.
Leaves densely silky underneath. Erect or ascending and much
EE 5 xi? 5a s sos M. B leoplractum,
Leaves closely white-tomentose underneath. Stems prostrate . . 3. S. pimeleoitles.
ves linear-cuneate, emarginate or toothed . . . . . . .-^. 4. S. coronatum.
ves narrow-linear, the margins closely revolute.
Flower-heads dense. Calyx tube narrow, very densely hirsute. . 5. S. Aumile. :
Flower-cymes loose. Calyx tube short, loosely hirsute . . . . 6. S. Waterhousii.

l. S. pomaderroides, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 295. Branches wiry,
elongated, above 1 ft. long in our specimens. Leaves distant, obovate or
oblong, obtuse or with a recurved point, often } in. long or even more, nar-
. Towed into a petiole, folded lengthwise or concave, hoary or at length nearly
glabrous above, rusty or white-tomentose underneath. Flower-heads 3 to 5
lines diameter, surrounded by 2 or 3 floral leaves. Brown bracts numerous,
ovate or oblong, nearly as long as the flowers. Calyx 2% lines long, silky-
tomentose outside, tubular but not very slender. Anthers obtuse.— Cryptan-
dra pomaderroides, Reissek, in Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 29, and Pl. Preiss. ii.
288 (from the description) ; Cryptandra tridentata, B tomentosa, Reissek, Le,
289, and therefore included in Stenanthemum tridentatum, Reissek, in Linnea,
xxix. 295. se

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 212; Murchison river, Oldfield.

2. S. leucophractum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 295. A low, erect or
ascending, very much branched shrub, sometimes only a few inches, sometimes
several feet high, the young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves obovate or ob-
cordate, with a recurved point, about } in. long, folded lengthwise and nar-
rowed into a distinct petiole, the upper surface white with a SN ES to-

F

436 XXXVI, RHAMNES. [Stenanthemum.

mentum, the under softly pubescent or densely villous with appressed whitish
or rust-coloured hairs. Flower-heads rarely above 3 lines diameter, sur-
rounded by 2 or more floral leaves and several brown bracts. Flowers usually
few. Calyx fully 2 lines long, slender and silky-hairy precisely as in S. pime-
leoides, but it does not appear to be so constricted nor to break off so readily
above the ovary.— Cryptandra leucophracta, Schlecht. Linneea, xx. 640.
Victoria. Murray desert, F. Mueller. S

S. Australia. Sandy deserts and arid hills, from the Murray to Spencer’s Gulf,
- F. Mueller ; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

3. S. pimeleoides, Benth. Low, prostrate, and much-branched, the
young branehes loosely pubescent-tomentose. Leaves obovate or obcordate,
mostly 2 to 3 lines long, flat or folded upwards, often undulate and the'edges
very slightly recurved, glabrous or the upper ones hoary-tomentose on the
upper side, white underneath with a close stellate tomentum, usually mixed
with a few longer appressed sometimes silky hairs. Flower-heads very dense,
1 to 4 in. diameter, with numerous imbricate brown bracts and often 2 or 3
tomentose floral leaves. Calyx fully 2 lines long, very slender, hirsute out-
side with white hairs, after flowering constricted above the ovary and often
breaking off when the fruit ripens. Anther-cells rather acute at the lower
end.—-Cryptandra (Stenocodon) pimeleoides, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 75, t. 12.

Tasmania. East coast, at Great Swan Port, Backhouse, C. Stuart ; Spring Bay, Gunn.
F. Mueller (Fragm. iii. 77) refers this to S. eucophractum, to which it is certainly very nearly
allied, but it must be considered at least as a well-marked variety in its prostrate habit and
the much closer tomentum, the adult leaves (except the floral ones) nearly glabrous.

4. 'S. coronatum, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 205. Small and apparently
prostrate, the branches pubescent with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves
cuneate, emarginate or 3-toothed, 3 to 4 lines long, usually folded lengthwise
and softly tomentose on both sides. Flower-heads 3 to 4 lines diameter, ses-
sile amongst 2 to 4 floral leaves, the brown bracts very small aud narrow.
Calyx nearly 2 lines long, not so slender as in the other species, tomentose
outside. Anther-cells obtuse.— Cryptandra coronata, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss.
ii. 288.

W. Australia, Drummond, 2nd Coll. n. 122.

5. S. humile, Benth. Stems 2 or 3 in. high, bare below, the flower-
heads and leaves closely crowded in the upper part. Leaves narrow-linear,
seldom $ in.long, the margins closely revolute, nearly glabrous above, to-
mentose and with a few long woolly hairs underneath. Heads few-flowered,
almost sessile amongst the leaves. Brown bracts very broad, obtuse or the
midrib ending in a fine point. Calyx slender, 2 lines long, densely hispid
with long white woolly hairs.

W. Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, n. 91 (the same
number as Spyridium polycephalum, but probably from a different set).

6. S. Waterhousii, Benth. An erect somewhat viscid shrub, the
branches slightly tomentose. Stipules linear-lanceolate. ^ Leaves linear,
obtuse or with a recurved point, $ to $ in. long, the margins closely revolute,
glabrous above, slightly tomentose underneath. Flowers not numerous, 1n
rather loose leafy terminal cymes, and not so closely sessile as in the other

uu cU eh gie

Stenanthemum.] XXXVI. RHAMNEJE., 437

species, the floral leaves like those of the stem, or broader, flatter, and more to-
mentose. Brown bracts 3 under each flower, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
Calyx above 1 line long, the tube hirsute with spreading hairs, narrow-turbi-
nate, produced above the disk as in other Stenanthema, but not so slender.
Disk undulate-lobed, shortly adnate to the calyx-tube, but at a considerable
distance from the lobes and the petals. Fruiting-calyx 2 lines long. Cocci
coriaceous, indehiscent.—Spyridium Waterhousii, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 83.
S. Australia. Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse.

1l. CRYPTANDRA, 3m.
(Wichurea, Nees.)

Calyx-tube adherent at the base, free, campanulate or tubular and persis-
tent above the ovary and disk, 5-lobed at the top or to the middle. Petals
5, hood-shaped, enclosing the anthers and inserted with the stamens at the
top of the calyx-tube. Disk annular, or often scarcely prominent round the
top of the ovary, at the base of the calyx-tube. Ovary wholly inferior, or
slightly prominent in the calyx-tube, 3-celled. Style entire or minutely 3-
toothed. Capsule enclosed in the base of the persistent .calyx-tube but often
partially free within it, the endocarp or the whole capsule separating into 3
crustaceous or rarely membranous cocci usually opening inwards in 2 valves.
Seeds of Pomaderris.—Shrubs, mostly heath-like or thorny. Leaves small,
harrow, often clustered, rarely ovate and flat, often nearly cylindrical, the
under surface usually tomentose and whitish, but often concealed by the
closely revolute margins. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, mostly sur-
rounded by persistent imbricate brown bracts, either distinct along the smaller
branches or clustered in terminal spikes or heads intermixed with leaves, never

in cymes,

A genus confined to Australia. Like the majority of Rhamneeæ, it is chiefly distinguished
by habit. The floral characters of the first section are nearly those of Steranthemum, of
the second scarcely distinct from Discaria, those of C. glabriflora almost as in Spyridium.

Stor. 1. Cryptandra.—Disk usually pubescent, continuous with the summit of the
ovary, either undistinguishable from it or forming a slightly prominent ring round it.
Flowers pubescent or hairy, closely sessile in terminal or lateral heads.

Brown bracts acuminate.

Calyx tubular.
Heads many-flowered. Calyx narrow. Ovary almost entirely
POIs uie (a vus aa L O, ola:
Heads few-flowered. Calyx rather broad. Free part of the -
ovary longer than the adnate base. . . . . . . . . 2. C. hispidula.
Calyx Nd small, broadly campanulate. Flower-heads densely
obular.
Fonar beedi mma 5.05 1... 2. eee
Flower-heads lateral . . 4. C. scoparia.

Flowers pubescent or hairy (except C. glabrifiora), sessile in spikes
or short heads, or not erowded. Brown bracts obtuse, very much
shorter than the calyx-tube.

Calyx 1 line long or more, the tube longer than the lobes.
Calyx narrow, glabrous outside at the base, tomentose above. `
Adnate base of the ovary longer than the free top >. . . -
Calyx broadly campanulate or urceolate, tomentose all over.
Free part of the ovary longer than the adnate base. . . . 6. C. amara.

438 XXXVI. RHAMNEA. [ Cryptandra.

Calyx urceolate-globular, densely covered with white wool . . 7. C. lanosiflora.
Calyx-lobes as long as the tube or longer.
Calyx campanulate, usually 1 line long or more, and glabrous
ëss at the base. . . ni ane . S x e. os e D. C tommtom.
Calyx very open, under lline; tomentose all over. . . . . 9. C. nutans.
Calyx glabrous, divided almost to the base . eee 8 d 10:6 obrera:
Flowers often large, pubescent or hairy (except C. glabriflora), sessile.
Brown bracts broad, imbricate, covering the whole or a great
portion of the calyx-tube.
Leaves broadly ovate, flat, mostly A in. long . . . . . . . 15. C. buxifolia.
Leaves narrow and heath-like or minute, the margins revolute.
Stems slender, prostrate. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube . 11. C. alpina.
Stems rigid, divaricate. Calyx small, glabrous, divided almost
tO SNe ORG 105 0. eg on s. S X
-Stems rigid, divaricate. Calyx silky-hairy, usually above 2 lines,
the lobes narrow, about equalling the tube.

10. C. glabriffora.

Leaves slender, about l line long . . . . . . . . . 12, C. leucopogon.
Leaves slender, mostly 2 to 3 lines long . . . . . . . 13. C. propinqua.

Leaves minute, obovoid, mostly $ line long . . . . . . 4. C. parvifolia.
Flowers very small, pedicellate within the minute bracts. :

Zeg" er. ` ES UL 1e, C. punpens.

Tiowas bows... 106 1) Sud wu. cec: Mb Goma.

Sect. 2. Wichurea.— Disk glabrous or villous, distinct from the ovary, usually an-
nular. Calyx glabrous or very slightly tomentose.

Leaves linear, with revolute margins.
Calyx ca late, deeply lobed. Disk and ovary glabrous . . 18. C. longistaminea.

Calyx ovoid, not 1 line long. Disk glabrous. Summit of the

SHE VENE I. S o. oro ooo o oue ost eRO C ee,

Calyx tubular, about 2 lines long. Disk villous. Summit of the

Ovary glabrous DUOC TU TU DULCI PS SS, Se 9:86 dou PE
Leaves spathulate or linear-cuneate. Calyx tubular, about 2 lines
long. Disk and ovary glabrous E oM RA . 21. C. nudiffora.

(C. australis, a name attributed to Smith by Roem, and Schult. Syst. iv. 372, is imaginary,
made up of a part of Smith's generic character with the generic habitat. C. spinosa, A. Cunn.,
quoted by Don under Solenantha (Hymenanthera), is also imaginary ; Cunningham, in the
place referred to, Field, N. S. Wales, 352, gives no name to the plant.)

SECTION l. Cryptanpra.—Disk usually pubescent, continuous with the
summit of the ovary, either undistinguishable from it or forming a slightly
prominent ring round it. Some of the first species pass almost into Stenan-
themum.

7 1. C. ericifolia, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 294, t.18, f. 1. Branches
elongated and twiggy, with few smaller branchlets, always unarmed, more or
less pubescent with simple appressed hairs. Leaves linear-terete or with a
slightly prominent midrib, 2 to 4 lines long, often clustered or crowded,
glabrous or pubescent with simple appressed hairs. Flowers erowded in little
terminal heads surrounded by leafy bracts, and each flower by several imbri-
cate, acuminate, and ciliate brown bracts, often half as long as the SR
Calyx narrow-campanulate, about 2 lines long, silky-hairy outside, the lobes
short and spreading. Ovary very small, slightly projecting above the very
short adnate part. Style pubescent at the base. Disk inconspicuous. Cocci
opening in 2 valves.—C. capitata, Sieb. Pl. Exs.
N.S. Wales. Moist heaths near Sydney, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Sieber, n. 66>
and others, but apparently not very common. D T p

NAME MAT er ee Re me

Cea m e

Cryptandra.} XXXVI. RHAMNES. 439

2. C. hispidula, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 294. Very near C. erici-
Jolia, but the leaves are smaller and more frequently pubescent, the flowers
fewer, more silky, the calyx rather broader, 1} to 2 lines long when fully out,
and the free part of the ovary within the calyx is much longer than the ad-
nate portion.

S. Australia. Encounter Bay and St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller, Whittaker.

3. C. spyridioides, P Muell. Fragm. iii. 68. A low, much-branched?
divarieate shrub, rarely spinescent, the young branches minutely hoary.
Leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins revolute, green
and usually glabrous above, often hoary or whitish underneath with a minute
tomentum. Flowers very small, in dense terminal globular heads. Brown
bracts fringed or ciliate, not half so long as the calyx. Calyx silky-pubescent,
about 1 line long, the adnate base narrow, the tube campanulate above the
ovary, the lobes rather shorter than the tube. Summit of the ovary much de-
pressed, thickened round the edge into an obscure disk.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. Very closely allied to C. scoparia.

4. C. scoparia, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss, ii. 283. A rigid shrub, the -
branches in the original specimens virgate, heath-like, and seldom spinous, in
others divaricately branched and frequently spinescent, very slightly hoary
when young. Leaves linear, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, or in luxuriant speci-
mens rather acute and attaining 3 or 4 lines, the margins revolute so as to
be almost terete, usually glabrous. Flowers in dense globular clusters,
almost sessile along the principal branches, and surrounded by a few short
floral leaves, or borne on very short leafy branches, often above 3 lines dia-
meter when fully out. Each flower sessile within 3 or 4 broad, brown, sca-
nous, ciliate or fringed, shortly pointed bracts, about half as long as the
calyx. Calyx when first open about } line long and silky-pubescent, when
fully out about 1 line long and nearly glabrous, or with a tuft of long hairs
on each lobe, broadly campanulate, the lobes longer than the tube. Summit
of the ovary much depressed, thickened round the edge into an obscure disk.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond; sandy woods near Perth, Preiss, n. 1215-

Var. microcephala. More branched with numerous slender spines. Flowers and heads
small. Murchison river, Oldfield.

5. C. spinescens, Sieb. in DC. Prod.ii.38. Nearly allied to C. amara,
and with nearly the same foliage, but the branches are usually more twiggy
and the spinous branchlets more densely crowded, Leaves usually linear or
linear-oblong, 2 or rarely 3 lines long, but occasionally small and obovate.

lowers smaller than in C. amara, and more distinctly although very shortly
pedicellate. Calyx 13 to 2 lines long, narrow-campanulate, the adnate base
glabrous and suddenly contracted into a little stipes about the length of the
imbricate brown bracts, the free part white-tomentose outside. Ovary almost
entirely inferior, the pubescent summit slightly prominent above the adnate
part and obscurely grooved opposite the stamens, but without any distinct
disk. Capsule oblong, 13 to 2 lines long, almost included in the glabrous,
elongated, -adnate base of the calyx-tube, shortly free in the upper part.
Ce thinly crustaceous.—C. pyramidalis, R. Br., Brongn. in Ann. Se, Nat.

440 XXXVI. RHAMNEXE. [ Cryptandra.

N.S. Wales. About Port Jackson and on the Nepean river, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 68,
and FZ. Mirt. n. 691; N. of Bathurst, A. Cunningham; Cabramatta, Woolls. This
is considered by F. Mueller (Fragm. iii. 67) as an abnormal state of C. amara, but I find
E characters constant in numerous specimens from various collectors, both in flower and

it.

6. C. amara, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 295, t. 18, f. 2. A rigid,
wiry, decumbent or suberect, much-branched shrub, the young branches
minutely hoary with a close stellate down, the smaller ones often ending in
afine thorn. Leaves solitary or clustered, linear or linear-oblong, usually 1
to 2 and rarely 3 lines long, obtuse or acute, rigid, glabrous or nearly so,
the margins usually recurved. Flowers almost sessile, solitary within the
bracts, but usually several together, forming short leafy spikes or racemes on
the smaller branches. Calyx at the time of flowering, 1 to 14 lines long,
campanulate, white outside with a close minute down, very shortly adnate
by its obtuse base, the lobes usually shorter than the tube, the brown im-
bricate bracts not exceeding the adnate base and very obtuse. Ovary
densely pubescent, included in the tube, but adnate only below the middle,

` the disk not distinct. Fruiting calyx often 3 lines long, enclosing the cap-
sule, which remains adherent at the base only or below the middle. Cocci
erustaceous.—D C. Prod. ii. 38; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 66 ; C. Siebert, Fenzl,
in Hueg. Enum. 23; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 74; C. campanulata, Schlecht.
Linnea, xx. 639; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 67, partly; C. nervata, Reissek, in
Linnea, xxix. 291; C. /argiflora, F. Muell, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 292.

d. Kents Lagoons, Leichhardt; Mount Mitchell, Becker.

N. S. W'»les. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 67, and Fl. Mirt. n. 499 ; north-
ward to Clarence River, Beckler, and New England, C. Stuart; in the interior to the
Lachlan river, Fraser; St. George's Range, 4. Cunningham; Darling and Murray desert,
Herb. F. Mueller.

Victoria. Arid hills and stony tracts, ascending into the Alps, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. North Esk river, Lawrence, Gunn, and others.

S. Australia. Between the Murray and St. Vincent’s Gulf, Behr, F. Mueller.

Iudependently of the diversity iu the size of the flowers resulting from age, there appear
to be two distinct varieties with large and small flowers, the calyx in the latter usually
broader and more deeply lobed, both of them included among Sieber's specimens ; the
southern ones belong chiefly to smaller-flowered varieties. These have usually the free part of
the ovary less prominent, but in Cunningham and Fraser's specimens from the interior the
ovary and capsule are very prominent, whilst the calyx is small and much more loosely pu-
bescent than usual. Some specimens are remarkable for their short, almost ovate leaves.

7. C. lanosiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 65. A divaricately-branched
shrub, of 1 to 2 ft., the young branches minutely hoary, not spinescent
in our specimens. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, 1 to 3 lines long, the
margins revolute, glabrous. Flowers almost sessile, few together at the ends
of the branches, forming short, leafy, oblong or almost globular spikes. Calyx
globular, 13 to nearly 2 lines diameter, densely covered with a very white
crisped wool, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the brown imbricate
bracts very broad and obtuse, about half as long as the tube. Ovary very
short, almost wholly inferior, the summit expanded into a pubescent slightly
undulate disk. Capsule more than half superior.

N. S. Wales. Mountains of New England on the Severn, C. Stuart; Mount Mitchell,
towards the Clarence river, Beck/er.

*

Cryptandra.) XXXVI, RHAMNEÆ. 441

8. C. tomentosa, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 178. Very much
branched, but seldom thorny, the young branches tomentose. Leaves linear
or oblong, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2 lines long or rarely more, the margins
recurved and frequently hoary underneath. Flowers usually 5 to 8 together,
clustered at the ends of the branches, in short spikes or almost heads. Calyx
varying in size from about 1 to 14 lines, rather urceolate than campanulate, the
lobes usually at least as long as the tube, very spreading when fully out, but
often connivent again after flowering, slightly tomentose outside, except at the

Ovary and capsule nearly as in C. amara, from which this species may
be generally distinguished by its smaller leaves, by the whole plant often
minutely hoary pubescent, by the flowers more crowded in shorter heads,
and by the deeper-lobed calyx, glabrous outside at the base, and only slightly
silky-tomentose on the lobes.—C. propinqua, Schlecht. Linnæa, xx. 638, not
A. Cunn.; C. erubescens, F. Muell, Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 293; C.

Behriana, Reissek, l. c. ; C. campanulata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 67, partly.

— N. S. Wales. In the interior, Fraser.
. . Victoria. In the Grampians, Mitchell, F. Mueller; on the Murray and generally in
the N.W. interior, Herd. F. Mueller.

S. Australia, From the Murray to Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

S. divaricata, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 286, from Mitchell's early expeditions, must pro-
bably also be referred to C. tomentosa. I have seen no authentically-named specimen, but
the only one of Mitchell’s collections answering to the character given scarcely differs from
the common forms of C. tomentosa.

9. C. nutans, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 186. In habit and foliage this
Species much resembles C. tomentosa, but the flowers are different. Leaves
rarely above 2 lines long, pubescent or glabrous. Flowers small, crowded in
short terminal spikes, or sometimes few and not so close. Brown bracts not one-
third the length of the calyx, and often shortly acuminate. Calyx very broadly
campanulate, about 1 line long or rather less, hoary or almost silky outside,
the lobes deep and very spreading. Free part of the ovary broader and flatter
than in C. tomentosa. Disk inconspicuous.—C. tomentosa, Reissek, in Pl.
Preiss. ii. 286, not of Lindl.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st Coll. and 2nd Coll. n. 246, Roe, etc. ;
sandy woods near the sea, Preiss, n. 2424; Champion Bay, Oldfield. :

Var. (?) micrantha. Flowers about $ line long, or even less.—Swan River, Drummond,
Roe, Harvey ; William river, Oldfield.

15; ©; glabriflora, Benth. Branches numerous, rather rigid, divari-
cate, often spinescent, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear or oblong, obtuse,

or rarely 2 lines long, the margins revolute, glabrous. Flowers sessile and
clustered “along the branches, usually quite’ glabrous. Brown bracts broad,
imbricate, covering the very short tube. Calyx very broadly campanulate, 1
to 14 lines long, the lobes very spreading, reaching almost to the ovary.
Ovary more than half inferior, thickened into a broad disk at the top.

W. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield. The habit of this species is entirely that
of Cryptandra, whilst the extreme shortness of the calyx-tube above the ovary or disk brings
it almost into Spyridium.

il. CK alpina, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 75, t. 12. À small prostrate
Species, with numerous slender wiry branches, rarely extending above 6 in.,
with little heath-like glabrous leaves, seldom more than 1 line long. Flowers

442 XXXVI. RHAMNEX. [Cryptandra.

mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Brown bracts broad, imbricate,

obtuse or acute, the inner ones often nearly as long as the calyx-tube.

Calyx broadly campanulate, tomentose outside, rather more than 2 lines long,

with ovate-lanceolate lobes, rather shorter than the tube. Disk undulate, `

villous, scarcely distinct from the summit of the ovary.

: Tasmania. Onthe summits of the Western Mountains, about 3800 ft. elevation, Gunn,
recher.

12. C. leucopogon, Meisn., Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 287. Very
nearly allied to C. propinqua, and may prove to be a variety only, the flowers
and bracts being similar in shape and relative proportions, but the slender
branches and small leaves are more like those of C. alpina, except that the
stems are apparently erect, not prostrate. The flowers are also rather smaller
than in C. propingua, and the calyx-lobes have longer silky hairs.

WV. Australia. Sandy plains of the Gordon river, Preiss, 2.752. (Herb. Sond.)

13. C. propinqua, 4. Cunn., Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum, 23. A rigid,
divaricate, heath-like shrub, nearly glabrous. Leaves crowded or clustered
on the smaller branches, linear-terete, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, and usually
acute. Flowers 3 to 8 together at the ends of the branches, and larger than
in most species. Calyx varying from 21 to 33 lines long, very silky-hairy
outside, the tube enclosed within the broad, brown, ciliate, imbricate bracts,
the lobes narrow-lanceolate, fully as long as the tube. Disk round the
ovary continuous with it, but prominent and often nearly glabrous,

N. S. Wales. In the interior, A. Cunningham, Mitchell ; between Bathurst Plains
and Wellington Valley, Fraser; N.W. branch of Hunter's River, A. Cunningham ; Para-
matta, Woolls ; New England, near Tenterfield, C. Stuart.

Var. grandiflora. Flowers exceeding 3 lines in length.— C. magniflora, F. Muell. Fragm.
iii. 65,—Sandy desert between the Darling and Murray, Herb. F. Mueller. This variety
is also amongst Cunningham's plants, who had given it the name of C. speciosa, and desig-
nated the smaller variety by that of propinqua, as being near the larger one. Unfortunately
this latter name was the only one in the Vienna herbarium, and was thus, although inappro-
priate, adopted by Fenzl for the species, and has given rise to the opinion that some variety
of the common C. amara was intended by it.

14. C. parvifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 459. Branches very
rigid, divaricate, the young ones hoary with a minute stellate down, and ap-
pearing at first sight deprived of all leaves except distant clusters of minute `
stipules, amongst which however will generally be found 2 or 3 minute ob-
ovate to linear leaves, thick, very obtuse or with a minute recurved point, seldom
1 line long, the margins revolute. Flowers solitary or 2 to 6 together, closely
sessile at the summits of the branches. Calyx about 3 lines long, the tube
closely covered with large, brown, obtuse, imbricate bracts, the lanceolate
lobes silky outside and spreading. Summit of the ovary broad and depressed,
thickened round the margin into a pubescent disk.

WV. Australia, Drummond, Ath Coll. n. 156.

15. C. buxifolia, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 23. Stems erect from a woody
rhizome, but little branched, hoary with a minute stellate tomentum. Leaves
ovate, obtuse or pointed, mostly about 4 in. long, glabrous above, white
underneath, giving the plant a very different aspect from the rest of the
genus. Flowers sessile, in terminal leafy heads, Calyx tubular-campanulate,

Cryptandra. | XXXVI. RHAMNEA. 443

nearly 3 lines long, hoary-tomentose outside, the tube nearly covered by the
brown imbricate bracts, the lobes short, narrow, and spreading. Ovary
scarcely prominent at the bottom of the tube, flat at the top, but without
any distinct disk.

N.S. Wales. Rocky hills on the meridian of Bathurst, on the parallel of 30° 50’;
Mount Yongo on the route to Hunter's River, and Goulburn river, 4. Cunningham.

16. C. pungens, Steud. in Pi. Preiss. i. 187. Resembling in habit
C. spinescens, the numerous short branches terminating in slender spines.
Leaves mostly fasciculate, 2 to 3 lines long, obtuse or with a slightly recurved
point. Flowers small and numerous, on pedicels of 3 to nearly 1 line long,
with minute, imbricate, acuminate, brown bracts at their base, and not under
the calyx. Calyx about 4 line long, broadly campanulate, the lobes fully as
long as the tube, softly pubescent outside. Free part of the ovary very broad
and flat, and slightly thickened on the edge into a villous disk. Fruiting
calyx more turbinate, above 1 line long, the pubescent capsule nearly as long

as the calyx-lobes.— C. holostyla, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 188.

w. Australia. Swan River, Drummond ; sandy woods and limestone hills near the
sea, Preiss, n. 2422 and 2423; south-west coast, Bazter.

l7. C. mutila, Nees, Reissek, in Pi. Preiss. ii. 289. A low heath-like
shrub, with slender virgate almost spinescent branches, hoary with minute
stiff hairs. Leaves linear, mostly 1} to 2 or scarcely 3 lines long, the
margins much revolute, glabrous or nearly so. Flowers in little sessile clusters
m the upper axils, forming short, dense, terminal or nearly terminal leafy ra-
cemes, each flower on a pedicel of 1 to 14 lines, within 3 or more minute brown
bracts at the base of the pedicel. Calyx about 3 line long, glabrous outside,
the lobes very spreading. Free part of the ovary broad and flat, the edge
thickened into a minute almost 5-lobed disk. Fruit not seen.
W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 2nd Coll., n. 723; Freemantle, Collie,
Oldfield ; limestone hills near the sea, Preiss, n. 1217 and 1229.
, SECTION 2. WICHUREA, Nees (as a genus).—Disk glabrous or villous,
distinct from the ovary, usually annular and rather broad. Flowers usually
brous, except in C. longistaminea, where they are slightly tomentose. The
characters of this section are very nearly those of Discaria, especially in the
flower, It is however at once known by the habit, alternate leaves, and

- small fruits.

. 18. C. longistaminea, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 64. A much-branched
unarmed shrub of 2 or 3 ft., the smaller branches minutely hoary-tomentose.
ves ovate or oblong, obtuse, 1 to 2 lines long, the margins recurved or
revolute, glabrous above, minutely silky-tomentose underneath or almost gla-
rous. Flowers numerous, crowded on the smaller branches, but not quite
sessile. Brown bracts imbricate round the base of the calyx-tube. Calyx
about 2 lines long, minutely silky outside, divided below the middle into
Spreading lobes. Petals on slender claws, at first enclosing the stamens,
but reflexed after the calyx opens, leaving the stamens erect and apparently
exserted. Disk annular, glabrous or very minutely tomentose, quite distinct
from the ovary. Ovary sessile or slightly immersed in the disk. Style very

. Shortly 3-lobed. Fruit not seen.

444 XXXVI. RHAMNEE. [Cryptandra.

N.S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart.

19. C. arbutiflora, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 26. Branches virgate,
slightly pubescent, with numerous short branchlets occasionally spinous. Leaves
narrow-linear, obtuse or with a minute recurved point, 1 to 3 lines long,
with the margins much revolute so as to be almost terete. Flowers white,
fragrant, sessile, or very shortly pedicellate on the smaller branches, not
crowded, quite glabrous, the broad obtuse imbricate brown bracts forming a
minute cup at their base. Calyx about 2 lines long, broadly tubular, with very
short lobes. Disk undulate, villous, covering the small glabrous top of the
ovary, which is almost entirely free from the calyx, but enclosed in the tube.
Capsule filling the calyx-tube, glabrous, the disk remaining round its base.
Cocci indehiscent or 2-valved—Wichurea arbutiflora, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii.
290; C. suavis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 56.

V, Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st Coll.; sandy woods near Guildford,
Preiss, n. 465 and 472; King George's Sound, Huegel.

Var. tubulosa. . More slender and spinous, resembling C. spinescens in aspect; branches

almost or quite glabrous; calyx-tube very slender.— C. tubulosa, Fenzl, in Huez. Enum. 26; -

Wichurea tubulosa, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 291.—Swan River, Huegel, Drummond ; shady
rocks on the N. side of Mount Clarence, Preiss, x. 473; Vasse river and Murchison river,
Oldfield.

20. C. miliaris, Reissek, in Pl. Preiss. ii. 288. Branches long and
virgate, with numerous short spinous branchlets, as in C. spinescens. Leaves
nearly as in that species, narrow-linear, 2 to 3 lines long, the margins re-
eurved or revolute, glabrous or pubescent. Flowers very small, not quite
sessile, forming little loose.leafy racemes or clusters on the side-branches.
Calyx campanulate, less than 1 line long in our specimens, but not fully out,
the very obtuse, imbricate, brown bracts nearly half as long as the calyx ; lobes
of the calyx as long as the tube. Disk glabrous, undulate, close round the
pubescent ovary. Fruit not seen.— C. lasiophylla and C. glabrata, Steud. in
Pl. Preiss. i. 188.

WV. Australia. Sandy woods near Perth, Preiss, n. 2420. i

C. tenuiramea, Steud. in Pl. Preiss. i. 189, from W. Australia, Preiss, n. 2419, very 1m-
perfectly described from a specimen not yet in flower, which I have not seen, may be this
species, but it is utterly unrecognizable.

21. C. nudiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 64. Branches decumbent or
divaricate, the short branchlets often rigid but scarcely spinescent in our speci-
mens. Leaves linear-cuneate or spathulate, obtuse or truncate, 2 to 6 lines
long, flat or conduplicate. Flowers pedicellate, clustered with small leaves
along the branches, but not crowded, the acuminate brown bracts very small
at the base of the pedicels. Calyx quite glabrous, about 2 lines long, broadly
tubular, the lobes short. Disk annular, rather thick, undulate, glabrous as
well as the ovary, but quite distinct from it. Ovary quite free, sessile on
the centre of the disk. Fruit not seen. :

W. Australia. Port Gregory and Murchison river, Oldfield. In floral characters
this species is almost a Discaria, but the habit is quite that of Cryptandra.

H

|
E
|
|
|
|
|
|
E

XXXVI. RHAMNEX. 445

12. DISCARIA, Hook.
(Tetrapasma, G. Doa.)

Calyx campanulate or tubular above the ovary, shortly 4- or 5-lobed. Petals
hood-shaped, inserted with the stamens at the base of the calyx-lobes or none.
Stamens 4 or 5, with short filaments, included in the petals when present.
Disk annular in the base of the calyx-tube, the margin shortly free. Ovary
more or less immersed in the disk, 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style slender, with a
shortly 3-lobed stigma. Drupe or capsule coriaceous, 3-lobed, the endocarp
Separating into 3 2-valved crustaceous cocci. Seeds with a coriaceous testa ;
albumen fleshy ; cotyledons orbicular.—Much-branched rigid shrubs, with
Opposite, often thorny branchlets. Leaves small, opposite, 1-nerved or pen-
Unerved. Stipules and bracts small. Flowers axillary.

The genus is chiefly S. American, extratropical or alpine, with one species endemic in
Australia and another in New Zealand,

i D. australis, Hook. Bot. Mise. i. 157, t. 45. A scrubby, much-
branched, thorny shrub of 1 to 2 ft., usually glabrous. Branches green,
terete, the smaller ones reduced to stout spines of 1 to 14 in. Leaves often
appearing clustered from the shortness of the shoots, oblong or cuneate, ob-
tuse or emarginate, rarely exceeding 4 in. Pedicels solitary or clustered in
the axils of small leaves, which soon fall off from the very short branches, the
9Wers then appearing densely clustered under the spines. Calyx-tube
broadly campanulate above the disk, the limb spreading to about 2 lines dia-
meter, Petals narrow, hood-shaped. Ovary deeply immersed in the disk,
the short free part 3-lobed. Fruit 2 to 3 lines diameter.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.
1. 69; Reissek, in Linnea, xxix. 266; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 83; Colletia
"raren, Brongn. in Ann. Se. Nat. x. 366; Tefrapasma juncea, G. Don,
Gen. Syst. ii. 40; Colletia Cunninghamii, Fenzl, in Hueg. Enum. 23.
N. S. Wales. Cox’s, Macquarie’s, and Hunter’s rivers, 4. Cunningham ; Liverpool
Plains, Wools; Ben Lomond, New England, Becker. :
Victoria, Grassy hills and banks, ascending the Lower Alps, Delatite river, betwecn

don and Creswick rivers, Snowy River, etc., F. Mueller. : :
Tasmania. Derwent river, R. Brown; Launceston road and South Esk river, Gunn ;

Great Swan Port, Backhouse ; Brown river, Oldfield,

Orper XXXVII. AMPELIDEJE.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx small, entire or 4- or
5-toothed. Petals 4 or 5, free or cohering, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4
or 5, opposite the petals, inserted on the outside of the disk at its base or

tween its lobes. Disk free or adnate to the ovary. Ovary usually im-
metsed in or surrounded by the disk, more or less perfectly 2- to 6-celled ;
‘style short and conical or subulate, or none ; stigma small, capitate or lobed.
Ovules 2 in each cell where there are 2 cells, solitary where there are more
cells, erect, anatropous, with a ventral raphe. Fruit a berry, the dissepi-
ments frequently disappearing. Seeds 1 to 6; testa hard, the inner coating

uently penetrating into the fissures of the ruminate albumen. Embryo

` hort, in the base of the albumen; eotyledons oval; radicle short, inferior.—

446 XXXVII. AMPELIDES.

Woody climbers or rarely erect shrubs or small trees. Branches often articu-
late. Leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite, simple or compound, the
petiole usually articulate with the stem and expanded*into a membranous sti-
pule. Flowers small, in little umbels, cymes, racemes, or spikes, arranged in
leaf-opposed, cymose, thyrsoid, or elongated panicles.

The Order, almost or quite limited to the two following genera, is widely dispersed over
the tropical and warm regions of the globe, more abundant in the Old World than in
America, and the smaller genus confined to the Old World. It is very nearly allied to
Celastrinee, and especially to Rhamuee, from which it differs in habit, in the more de-
veloped petals, in the baccate fruit and in the smallness of the embryo.

Stamens free. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Woody climbers, with

Te A Soest IE EE SRA oe . 1l. Viris.
Stamens and petals connate with the disk. Ovary 3- to 6-celled with 1 ovule in
OEE ol rere ee SO ge er ne ts ege UR

1. VITIS, Linn.
(Cissus, Linn.)

Petals free or cohering at the tips, and falling off together. Stamens in-
serted round the base of the short, aunular, or lobed disk. Ovary 2-celled
(sometimes imperfectly so), with 2 ovules in each cell.— Woody climbers or
rarely bushy shrubs, with leaf-opposed tendrils (abortive inflorescences).
. Leaves simple or compound, sometimes marked with pellucid dots. Panicles
in the Australian species cymose or rarely reduced to solitary umbels. Petals
very concave, almost hood-shaped, but without the dorsal appendages of some
Asiatic species.

The genus comprises nearly the whole of the Order, extending over the whole of its
geographical area. Of the 14 Australian species, 3 are widely distributed over tropical
Asia, another extends to the Fiji Islands, the remaining 10 are endemic. The Anstralian
species appear tolerably constant in the division of their leaves, but that character is not to
be absolutely relied on, for the trifoliolate, digitate, and pedate forms will occasionally pass
one into the other.

Leaves simple.
` Leaves ovate, penniveined, or 3-nerved at the base, rather fleshy.
Leaves shortly acuminate, mostly toothed. Berries globular. Tall,
C WOOGY CIQUOIN 14 4 S 9S eL iR nc 7 o4. os
Leaves very obtuse, quite entire. Berries obovoid. Bushy tree .
Leaves broad-cordate, 5-nerved, membranous.
Branches glaucous. Veinlets reticulate, not prominent. Flowers

. V. antarctica.
. F. oblonga.

oe

at Meese Fine Garter 211. 202007 oO BK. Orie.
Not glaucous. Veinlets transverse. Flowers not 4 line diameter 4. V. adnata.
Leaflets 3.

Leaflets ovate, rather thick and firm, shining. Cymes nearly globular,
on very short peduncles. Stigma very broad .

EE Dé, Ad D
Leaflets large, broadly ovate or cordate, membranous, Cymes loose,

divaricate.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly so. Flowers fully 1 line diameter, on ` à
tont pedicels’... <= . sites uke 5 dus coc Bod NEN
Leaves hairy on both sides. Flowers about À line diameter, on

filiform pedicels . . . 1. F. acris.

` Leaflets mostly under 2 in., rather thick, or almost fleshy, coarsely Se
- toothed. Cymes loose, divaricate . . . . . . . . . . 8. T. trifolia.

Vitis.) XXXVII. AMPELIDEA, 447

Leaflets 5 to 9, pedate.
Leaflets small, ovate, acuminate, deeply toothed. Disk very promi-
MG ye ace Se ee ee TET
Leaflets 2 to 3 in. long, oblong or cuneate, minutely and remotely
serrate or entire, Disk inconspicuous . POLIS E
Leaflets 5, rarely 3, digitate.
Leaflets obtuse at the base, on a distinct slender petiolule, coriaceous,

9. V. clematidea.

BEEN DU. iu ucucL bese SO ricsot gs eke We hypoglauea.
ets narrowed into a very short petiolule or sessile. ies
Leaflets very Coriatcous.. Berries void: 624 . : es TEE sterculifolia,

Leaflets membranous. Berries globular.
Leaflets linear-euneate to oblong or obovate. Cymes loose. . 13. V. opaca.
. Leaflets narrow-linear, rarely broad and acuminate. Cymes SCH
compat, 4 E «cA: EE (I
l. V. antarctica, Benth. Young shoots more or less clothed with
short rust-coloured hairs, rarely entirely glabrous. Leaves simple, petiolate,
ovate or oblong, mostly acuminate and slightly cordate, 3 to 4 in. long and

l to 2 in. broad, entire, sinuate or irregularly toothed, rather firm or almost
CoMaceous, penniveined and obscurely 3-nerved, with glands on the under
Side in the axils of some of the principal veins. Cymes dense, broadly

Corymbose, shorter than the petioles. Flowers tomentose-pubescent, the buds
nearly globular, under 1 line diameter. Petals 4, separately deciduous. Disk
prominent, undulate, obscurely 4-lobed. Style shortly conical. Berry glo-

- bular.— Cisens antarctica, Vent, Choix, t.21; DC. Prod. ii. 629; Bot. Mag.

t. 2488; C. glandulosa, Poir. Dict. Suppl. i. 105.

. Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and others; northward.to Hastings and

po rivers, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart; southward to Illawarra, A. Cunningham,

d neller, The specific name, although inappropriate, is too generally sanctioned by use
e altered.

2. V. oblonga, Benth. A small bushy tree (according to Henne's
Totes, but R. Brown's specimens have tendrils), quite glabrous or the young
ots minutely rusty-tomentose, the branches rigid and flexuose. Leaves

petiolate, broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, 14 to 2} in. long,

quite entire, firm but thinner than in C. antarctica, very finely penniveined

d obscurely 3-nerved, with 2 large glands underneath in the axils of the

Met nerves. Flowers not seen. Fruiting cymes on short peduncles, bear-
ing few obovoid berries.
land. E. coast, R. Brown; Curtis Island, Henne. On some cymes the berries

M oce by a monstrous growth of dichotomous branches covered with small, broad,

» forming dense globular tufts of 3 or 4 in. diameter, like those often observed on
Some Haas, Although I have seen no flowers, the inflorescence, fruits, and seeds, as well as
the tendency to articulation of the smaller branches, leave no doubt of the species belonging
to the present genus,

3. V. cordata, Wall. Catal. n. 6008 (partly). Very glabrous and often

. *smewhat glaucous in all its parts, the young stems succulent and disarticulating

In the dried specimens. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly cordate, 21
to nearly 4 in, long and nearly as broad, entire, except small, almost bristle-

S dike distant teeth, 5-nerved, the smaller veins reticulate, very few or none,

verse, and faintly conspicuous, Flowers in corymbose trichotomous

448 XXXVII. AMPELIDER, [ Vitis.

cymes, the buds about 1 line diameter. Petals 4, usually cohering at the top
and falling off together. Style subulate. Berries obovoid-globular.— Benth.
Fl. Hongk. 54; Cissus cordata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 407 ; Vitis cardiophylla, F.
Muell. Fragm. ii. 73. à ;

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown.

Queensland. Barnard Islands, M‘Gillivray; Burdekin river, F. Mueller; Rock-
hampton, ZThozet. Common. in the Archipelago and Eastern India, extending northward to
Sikkim and Hongkong.

4. V. adnata, Wall.; Wight and Arn. Prod. 126 (with the synonyms
adduced). Young shoots and under side of the leaves more or less covered
with a short tomentum, whieh sometimes disappears with age. Leaves pe-
tiolate, broadly cordate, almost orbicular, acuminate, 3 to 6 in. diameter,
bordered with small bristle-like teeth, 5-nerved and penniveined, the primary
veins eonnected by transverse veinlets. Flowers scarcely j line diameter,
numerous in corymbose cymes. Petals 4, cohering by the tips and falling
off together. Style shortly subulate, at least in the fertile flowers. Fruit
globular, small.— Cissus adnata, Roxb.; Wight, Ic. t. 144.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Sea Range, very rare, F, Mueller. Common
in East India.

5. V. nitens, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 13. Quite glabrous. Leaflets 3, -
ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, mostly 3 to 4 in. long, remotely toothed,
narrowed at the base, the lateral ones scarcely oblique, on short petiolules,
rather firm, smooth and shining above. Umbel-like cymes almost glabrous,
dense and nearly globular, 2 or 3 together or solitary on a very short common
peduncle, the pedicels very short. Flower-buds ovoid, rather more than 1
line long. Petals 4 or rarely 5, oblong, falling off separately. Disk incon-
spieuous. Style very short and thick, with a broad, flat, almost fringed,
slightly 2-lobed stigma. Berry ovoid.

Queensland. E. coast, R. Brown ; Dawson and Burnett rivers, F. Mueller ; Brisbane
river, Fraser, F. Mueller. :

W. S. Wales. Clarence, Macleay, and Hastings rivers, Beckler; Hunters River,
R. Brown, F. Mueller,

6. V. saponaria, Seem. Syst. List Vit. Pl. 4. Young leaves and shoots
and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 3, very broadly ovate,
acuminate, entire or crenate, attaining 4 to 6 in., thin and glabrous when full-
grown, penniveined and more or less distinctly 5-nerved at the base, espe-
cially the lateral ones, with transverse veinlets, the central one rounded at the
base, the lateral ones obliquely cordate. Cymes loose, divaricate, many-
flowered, on long peduncles. Flowers nearly globular, above 1 line diameter.
Petals 4, usually falling off together. Disk broad. Style conical. Berry
depressed-globular. `

eensland. Torres Straits, R. Brown; Cape York and Piper’s Island, M Gillivray.
Fes the Fiji Islands, where, according to sisse ide the stems are used in washing linen.
A. Gray in Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 272, had referred this plant with doubt to Geng
geniculata, Bl., and perhaps correctly so, for although Blume describes the central emt d
oblong-laneeolate, yet he mentions a broad-leaved variety, but with more gez ir d
All are closely allied to the common E. Indian V. pedata, Wall, and may be a 3-folio
variety of that very variable species.

—

Filis] XXXVII. AMPELIDEZ. 449

7. V. aeris, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 15. Branches and leaves softly pubes-
cent or hairy. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate, acuminate, erenate, 3 to 4 in. long,
thin, hairy on both sides, penniveined with transverse veinlets, the lateral
leaflets oblique, obscurely cordate, and more or less 5-nerved at the base, on pe-
tiolules of 3 to + in. Cymes loose and divaricate, on long slender peduncles,
the branches almost filiform and nearly glabrous. Flowers nearly globular,
about 4 line diameter. Petals 4, apparently distinct. Disk very prominent.
Style short, conical.

Queensland. Between Burnett and Pine rivers, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence rivers, Beckler.

The foliage is that of V. mollissima, Wall., from the Archipelago, from which the species
appears to differ chiefly in the very slender inflorescence and small flowers. These may, how-
ever, not be full-grown in the very few specimens seen.

8. v. trifolia, Linn. Spec. Pl. 293. Softly hoary-pubescent all over,
especially the young shoots, or sometimes nearly or quite glabrous. Leaflets
» Ovate-acuminate, obovate or rhomboid, usually 1 to 2 in., rarely 3 in. long,

.. Coarsely aud irregularly toothed or crenate, softly herbaceous, usually thick

and sometimes almost fleshy, the lateral ones very oblique, on short petiolules.
ymes many-flowered, divaricate, on long peduncles, hoary or pubescent.
Owers nearly globular, about 1 line diameter. Petals 4, distinct. Disk
very prominent. Style in some specimens short with a broad peltate stigma,
m others slender with a small stigma. Berry small, depressed-globular.
— Cissus carnosa, Lam. ; DC. Prod. i. 630; C. cinerea, Lam. ; DC. Le 631;
C. erenata, Vahl ; DC. l. e.; Vitis carnosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 127; Wight,
le. t. 171 (a broad-leaved form); F. psoralifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 75.
N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria river, F. Mueller ; Albert river, Henne.
€ueensland. Cape York, M'Gillivray.
The species is very common in East India and the Archipelago, and is probably described
under several names besides those above quoted.

9. V. clematidea, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 74. Minutely tomentose, pu-
bescent, or glabrous. Branches angular-striate. Leaflets usually 5, pedate,

petiolate, ovate, acuminate, coarsely toothed or lobed, usually 1 to 2 in. long,

narrowed at the base, herbaceous, rather thick and pubescent or thin and gla-
rous. Cymes divaricate, rather dense, on long peduncles, minutely hoary-
tomentose. Pedicels short. Flowers globular, abont 1 line diameter. Petals
apparently separating. Disk very prominent, entire. Style filiform. Berries
depressed-globular, small.
eensland. Brisbane river, Fraser, F. Mueller.
- S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; northward to Clarence river, Beckler ; New
England, C. Stuart ; Newcastle, Leichhardt ; southward to Kiama, Harvey.

; 10. Wr, acetosa, F. Muell. Herb. Glabrous or the young shoots and
Inflorescence very slightly hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 5 to 7, pedate, petiolu-
ie or the central one nearly sessile, oblong or obovate-cuneate, obtuse or
rarely shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long or rarely longer, entire or bordered
Y small teeth or minute distant serratures, narrowed at the base, her-
ceous, but rather firm, pale underneath. Cymes pedunculate, dense, divari-
cate or almost thyrsoid, the flowers often shortly racemose along the branches,
on short pedicels. Flowers purple-red, ovoid-globular, about I line long,
VOL. I. G

450 XXXVIl. AMPELIDER. [ Vitis.

glabrous. Petals separating. Disk. indistinct. Style very shortly conical
or scarcely any, with a truncate stigma. Berries ovoid-globose.—Cissus
acetosa, F. Muell. Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 24.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown; Victoria and Fitzmaurice rivers, F. Mueller ;
Sweers Island, Herne. The specimens first described were, according to F. Mueller's notes,
p herbaceous not climbing stems, but others are evideutly climbing, with the usual
tendrils.

11. V. hypoglauca, F. Muell. Pl. Vict.i: 94. Young shoots rusty-
tomentose or villous, adult specimens usually quite glabrous. Leaflets 5,
digitate, obovate, oval or oblong-elliptical, shortly and often acutely acumi-
nate, 2 to 8 in. long, the lateral ones smaller than the central ones, entire or
toothed towards the top, obtuse at the base, on rather long petiolules, coria-
ceous, penniveined and finely reticulate, pale or glaucous underneath. Cymes
rather dense, shortly pedunculate. Flowers yellowish, glabrous, ovoid, fully
l line long. Petals separating or slightly cohering. Disk 4-lobed, but not
very prominent. Style conical. Berry nearly globular, rather small.— Cissus
hypoglauca, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 272 ; C. australasica, F. Muell.
in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 8.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and others; northward to Clarence river,
pw! ; New England, C. Stuart; southward to Kiama, Harvey; Twofold Bay, F.

uecer. e

Victoria. Forest streams and rivulets in eastern Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

12. V. sterculifolia, F. Muell Herb. Fruiting specimens quite gla-
brous. Leaflets 5, digitate, elliptical-oblong or somewhat obovate, shortly
and obtusely acuminate, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, narrowed into a very short
petiolule, coriaceous, penniveined, the reticulate veinlets much less conspicuous
than in 7. hypoglauca, with glands or foveole in the axils of some of the
primary veins underneath, Flowers not seen. Fruiting cymes on short pe-
duncles. Berries ovoid, rather large.

N.S. Wales. Hastings river, Beck/er, One specimen has a very young flower-cyme,
which is slightly rusty-pubescent, but not far enough advanced to give the floral characters.

13. V. opaca, F. Muell. Herb. Quite glabrous. Leaflets 5, rarely 3 or
4, digitate, from linear-cuneate to elliptical-oblong, obovate or narrow
rhomboidal, obtuse or acuminate, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, entire or slightly
toothed, narrowed at the base into very short petiolules or almost sesshe,
rather firm but not coriaceous, smooth, obscurely penniveined, usually pale
underneath. Cymes rather loose, but not large. Flowers glabrous, globular,
about 1 line diameter. Petals 5 or rarely 4, separating. Disk prominent,
entire or scarcely lobed. Style short, conical. Berries depressed-globular.—
Cissus opaca, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 23.

Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser,
F. Mueller; Rockhampton, ZAozet; Port Denison, Fitzalan; E. coast, R. Brown (with
the leaves mostly 3-foliolate). d ;

14. V. angustissima, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 141. Glabrous and rather
slender. Leaflets usually 5, digitate, narrow-linear, 1 to 3 in. long, entire,
coarsely toothed or lobed, narrowed at the base; occasionally, however, the
lower ones are slightly pedate or united into 3 cuneate and coarsely toothed
leaflets, or into a single broad palmately-lobed leaf. Cymes compact and

—

———— —

gf

Vitis.] |. XXXVII. AMPELIDEF. 451

many-flowered, 4 to 1 in. broad, on rather long peduncles. Flowers fully 1
line diameter. Petals 5, separating. Disk broad, undulate. Style short,
conical, with a truncate stigma. Berries nearly globular,

wW. Australia, Drummond, n. 43 and 218; Murchison river, Oldfield. At first sight
this closely resembles the S. American Cissus palmata, Poir., but that species has more
ovoid buds, 4 petals falling off together, and a smaller disk.

2. LEEA, Linn.

Petals united in a campanulate corolla with 5 spreading or recurved lobes.
Disk (resembling a staminal tube) cup-shaped, conical, or nearly globular,
5-lobed, enclosing the ovary. Stamens inserted in grooves outside the disk,
the filaments incurved at the top, with the anthers inside the disk in the bud.
Ovary enclosed in the disk, 3 to 6-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.—Shrubs
or small trees, without tendrils. Leaves once, twice, or thrice pinnate, with
large entire or toothed penniveined leaflets. Panicles or cymes leaf-op-
posed, corymbose. Flowers usually larger than in Vitis.

The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa, the only Australian species being

most common among the Asiatic ones.

l. L. sambucina, Willd. Spec. Pl.i.1177. A tall, glabrous, coarse
shrub, the young branches occasionally furrowed. Leaves mostly twice or
thrice pinnate; leaflets few in each pinna, from ovate to oblong-elliptical or
lanceolate, acuminate, usually 3 to 6 in. long and 14 to 2 in. broad, but
sometimes twice as long, irregularly crenate, the primary arcuate pinnate
ves and transverse veinlets very prominent underneath. Cymes large,
Waricate, trichotomous, on short peduncles. Flowers about 2 lines long,
9n very short pedicels. Ovary 5-celled. Berries small, depressed-globular,
usually ripening 4 to 6 seeds.—DC. Prod. i. 635; L. staphylea, Roxb., W.
ST Am. Prod. 132, with the synonyms adduced; Wight. Ill. t. 58 and Ic.

. t. 78.

N. Australia. Rafles Bay, Goulburn Island, and other points of the N, coast, 4.

Cunningham.

sland. Islands of Howick’s group, F. Mueller. 3
The species is common in tropical Asia, and is, perhaps, the same as a common African
one,

Orper XXXVII. SAPINDACEÆ.

Flowers usually polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, free or united in a small
toothed or lobed calyx, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Petals as
many as sepals, or 1 fewer, sometimes minute or wanting, frequently bearing
a scale inside. Disk various, in some genera unilateral, rarely wanting.
Stamens 8, rarely fewer or more, inserted round the ovary withiu the disk
(except in a few genera not Australian), sometimes unilateral ; anthers versa-
tile or erect. Ovary entire or lobed, 1- to 4-celled, most frequently 3-celled.

tyle simple, with a single stigma, or more or less divided. Ovules 1, 2, or
rarely more in each cell, ascending, or rarely horizontal, with the micropyle
Mmferior. Fruit dry or succulent, dehiscent or indehiscent, entire or separating
Into cocci. Seeds with or without an arillus, without albumen (except in a

few genera not Australian), Embryo. usually thick, dune cg or
G

452 XXXVIII. SAPINDACES.

spiral, the cotyledons usually unequal, collateral or superposed ; radicle short,
turned downwards or reascending towards the hilum.— Trees, shrubs, or
rarely almost herbaceous, often climbers (especially in genera not Australian).
Leaves alternate (or in genera not Australian opposite), usually compound,
pinnate with, or more frequently without, a terminal odd one, the leaflets
often irregularly alternate, rarely decompound ; Tuc" or simple. Flowers
usually small.

Sapindacee are abundant within the tropics, both in the New and in the Old World, more
rare in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and those, chiefly of the genera
ZEsculus, Acer, and their allies, unrepresented in Australia; there are very few also in
southern extratropical Africa or America. Of the 16 Australian genera, D small ones are
endemic or only extend to Timor, and the most numerous, Dodonea, is nearly so, with the
exception of 1 or 2 ubiquitous tropical species. Five of the genera are common to the tro-
pical regions of the New and the Old World; the remaining 4 restricted to tropical Asia or
extend only into Africa.

The majority of Sapindacee are readily known by the disk outside, not inside the sta-
mens, and by the 8 stamens in a 5-merous flower, with a 3-merous gynecium ; but all these
characters have exceptions, which render the technical limitations of the Order difficult,
although really doubtful genera are very few. The position of the micropyle appears to be
constant, bnt often difficult to observe. The arboreous genera with pinnate «leaves, often
numerous in species, especially in tropical Asia, may require considerable modification as to
their characters, and probably some reduction, when those proposed by Blume come to be
better known, as well as to flower as fruit.

Flowers irregular, either 1 petal fewer then the sepals, or the sta-
— mens or disk unilateral, and ovary excentrical.
. One ovule in each cell of the ovary.
Herbaceous or half-herbaceous climber with biternate leaflets. -

Capsule inflated, membranous . . . « I. CaRDIOsSPERMUM. .
Trees with pinnate leaves. Petals 1 fewer than sepals. -
Calyx valvately 5-lobed. Capsule loeulieidally 3-valved . . 2. DIPLOGLOTTIS.
Sepals 5, broadly imbricate. Fruit deeply divided into ob-
long indehiscent lobes . . - + < . 9. ERIOGLOSSUM.

Shrubs or trees, with 1 or 3 digitate leaflets. Sepals 4,

broadly imbricate. Petals 4 or none. Fruit of 1 or 2 in-
dehiscent lobes. . . 4, SCHMIDELIA.

Two ovules in each cell of the ovary. Low shrubs or ‘under-
shrubs, with entire, lobed, or pinnately dissected leaves . . 5. DIPLOPELTIS.

Flowers regular, Disk annular or none. Stamens all round the.

ovary.
One ovule in each cell of the ovary. Trees or tall shrubs,
Leaves pinnate (except Heterodendron and sometimes in

Atalaya).
Capsule loculicidally 3-valved.
Sepals distinct, broadly imbricate . . . 6. CUPANIA.
Calyx small, toothed, or the lobes valvate or slightly i im-
breste ^. $$ Ed EC . « ff. RATONIA.

Fruit separating into winged samaras e 8. ATALAYA.
Fruit divided into indehiscent or 2-valved lobes or irregularly :
loculicidal, the valves not separating from the axis.

Leaves pinnate.
Sepals broadly imbricate in 2 rows. Petals usually ex-
serted. Fruit-lobes smooth, indehiscent . . . 9. SAPINDUS.

Calyx-teeth or lobes valvate or slightly imbricate. Petals
very small or none. Fruit-lobes smooth (in Australia),
Eege or 2-valved . . ei uic EPRI.

et i ea ae geet, A. up

—

XXXVIII. SAPINDACER. 455

Calyx-segments imbricate. Petals very small or none.
Fruit-lobes tuberculate or muricate, indehiscent . . . 11. EUPHORIA.
Leaves coriaceons, simple, entire or pinnatifid. Calyx entire
or minutely toothed pc PES - . . 12. HETERODENDRON.
Two ovules in each cell of the ovary.
Trees with pinnate leaves. Petals 4 or 5. .
Calyx deeply divided into imbricate segments. Disk incon-
TMeUUUES c. volo. re EE Oe
Calyx campanulate, shortly lobed. Disk broad . . . . 14. AKANIA.
Shrubs or rarely small trees, Leaves simple or pinnate with
small leaflets. Calyx cup-shaped. Petals none. Disk in-

couspicuous,
Stamens in the male flowers 10 or fewer, usually 8 . . . 15. Dononaa.
Stamens in the male flowers more than 10. . . . . . 16. DisricHOSTEMON.

1, CARDIOSPERMUM, Linn.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 4, broadly imbricate, the 2 outer ones
small Petals 4, 2 larger with a large scale, 2 smaller with a crested scale.
Disk one-sided, almost reduced to 2 prominent glands opposite the lower
petals. Stamens 8, oblique. Ovary excentrical, 3-celled, with 1 ovule in
each cell; style very short, with 3 stigmatic lobes. Capsule vesicular, mem-

Tanous, more or less 3-cornered, 3-celled, opening loculicidally. Seeds
globose, with a thick funicle or small aril; testa crustaceous ; cotyledons
large, transversely folded.—Herbs or undershrubs, mostly climbing. Leaves
dissected. Flowers few, small, on long axillary peduncles, which usually bear
à tendril under the panicle.

„å small genus, chiefly American, of which 2 species are also spread over the Old World
Within the tropics, and a third is perhaps confined to the Old World. The Australian spe-
"es 1s one of those most widely diffused in both worlds.

l. C. Halicacabum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 601. A straggling or

Somewhat climbing annual or perhaps perennial, attaining several feet in

length, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaf-segments usually twice ternate,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed or lobed, the upper leaves. smaller,
narrower and less divided. Peduncles 2 to 3 in. long, bearing a double or
treble short recurved tendril under the small panicle, which is often reduced

to an umbel of few small white flowers. Capsules flat on the top, usually

pubescent.—A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 181; Wight, Ic. t. 508.

N. Australia, Victoria river, Sea range, etc., F, Mueller ; Albert river, Henne.

Queensland. N.E. coast, R. Brown ; Rockhampton, Thozet.

The species is common in most tropical regions. The Australian specimens belong either
to the variety with fruits scarcely $ in, diameter, often considered as a distinct species (C. mi- —
Crocarpum, H. B. and K.), or are intermediate between that and the typical form, with fruits
above 1 in. diameter.

2. DIPLOGLOTTIS, Hook. f.

, Calyx deeply 5-lobed, valvate. Petals 4, the place of the fifth vacant, the
Inner scale divided into two. Disk one-sided, crescent-shaped. Stamens 8,
ascending, unequal. Ovary 3-celled, style short, ineurved ; stigma entire or
obscurely 3-lobed. ` Ovules solitary in each cell. Capsule nearly globular,
thick, somewhat fleshy, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy

454 XXXVIII. SAPINDACER. [.Diploglottis.

arillus.—4A tree, with large pinnate leaves, more or less villous-tomentose.
Flowers not very small, in large axillary panicles.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia.

l. D. Cunninghamii, Hook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 895. A
tree of 30 to 40 ft., the young branches, petioles and inflorescence densely
clothed with a soft rust-coloured tomentum. Leaves very large, sometimes
exceeding 2 ft.; leaflets 8 to 12, opposite or irregularly alternate, oblong-
elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, usually 6 to 8 in., but some-
times above 1 ft. long, glabrous above, pubescent underneath, with raised
parallel pinnate veins. Flowers numerous, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines,
clustered along the branches of the ample panicle. Calyx about 14 lines
long, rusty-tomentose. Petals about as long as the calyx, orbicular, thin,
ciliate, the two inner scales not united, about as long as the petal itself, but
thicker, and very hairy. Stamens exserted in some specimens, shorter than
the petals in others. Fruit about 3 in. diameter, tomentose.—Cupania Cun-
ninghamii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4470.

Queensland. Brisbane river, A. Cunningham ; also in Leichhardt’s collection.

N. S. Wales. Hunter’s River, R. Brown; Hastings river, A. Cunningham, Fraser,

` Beckler ; Clarence river, Wilcox ; Illawarra, Ralston. With the habit and fruit of a Cu-
pania, this plant has the flowers of a Paullinia.

3. ERIOGLOSSUM, Blume.

Flowers polygamous, Sepals 5, broadly imbricate, the two outer ones
smaller. Petals 4, the place of the fifth vacant, the scale hirsute with a
terminal lobed appendage. Disk one-sided, lobed. Stamens 8, turned to
one side, unequal. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled ; style slender, obscurely 3-lobed ;
ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit divided to the base into 3 oblong indehis-
cent lobes. Seeds without any arillus; testa membranous, embryo straight ;
cotyledons thick.—Trees with pinnate leaves, more or less tomentose.
Flowers not very small, in cymes or clusters along the branches of terminal
panicles.

The genus contains very few species, natives of tropical Asia and Africa ; one of the most
widely spread extending into Australia. It differs from Sapindus, as Diploglottis from
Cupania, in the irregular flowers.

l. E. edule, Blume, Bijdr. and Rumphia, iii. 119, t. 166. A tall tree,
the yourig shoots, petioles and inflorescence more or less hoary or rusty with
a close tomentum. Leaflets 8 to 12, elliptical-oblong or rarely ovate-
lanceolate, more or less acuminate, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 in. long, glabrous above,
pubescent underneath, with prominent parallel pinnate veins. Flowers
numerous. Sepals orbicular, rather thick, pubescent outside, the inner larger
ones about 1} lines diameter. Petals rather longer, the scale shorter than the
petal, very hairy in the lower part, the terminal glabrous appendage expanded
either into 2 lobes or in a broad fringed erect crest, but very variable, Fruit
not seen in the Australian specimens.—Sapindus rubiginosus, Roxb. PI.
Corom. i. 44, t. 62; W. and Arn. Prod. 112, with the synonyms quoted.

N. Australia. Brunswick Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham. The species is widely
. Spread over tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago,

XXXVIII. SAPINDACEX. ^ |^ 455

4. SCHMIDELIA, Linn.

.. Flowers polygamous. Sepals H broadly imbricate, the outer ones smaller.

Petals 4, small, or rarely none. Disk one-sided, usually lobed or divided
Into 4 glands. Stamens 8, more or less one-sided. Ovary excentrical, 2 or
rarely 3-celled ; style 2- or 3-lobed ; ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit of 1
or rarely 2 small ovoid or globular indehiscent, fleshy or almost dry berries.
Seeds with a short arillus; embryo curved, cotyledons folded.—Shrubs or

trees. Leaves with 1 or 3 leaflets. Flowers very small, in simple or loosely

paniculate axillary racemes.

_ The Species are numerous in tropical America, with several. African ones, anda few in tro-
pical Asia and the Indian Archipelago, one of the common Asiatie ones extending to Aus-
tralia, The genus is one of the most easily recognized in the Order, by its foliage as well
as by its small flowers and fruits.

l. S. serrata, DC. Prod. i. 610. A tree, the young leaves and shoots
pubescent-tomentose, often glabrous when full-grown. Leaflets 3, ovate or
obovate-oblong, obtuse or slightly acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, irregularly and
coarsely toothed, or rarely quite entire, sessile or narrowed into a short petiolule,
glabrous above, pale or pubescent underneath, often bearing hairy tufts in the
axils of the principal veins. Racemes slender, simple or slightly branched.
Flowers z to nearly 1 line diameter, on short pedicels, clustered along the

pubescent rhachis. Petals cuneate, with a minute scale. Disk of 4 small

lobes or glands. Stamens glabrous. Berries small, globular.—W. and Arn.
- 110; Ornitrophe serrata, Roxb. Pl. Corom. i. 44, t. 61; S. timoriensis,
DC., Dene. Herb. Timor. 115.

N. Australia. N. coast, R. Brown; Port Essington, Armstrong. The latter speci-
mens are nearly glabrous, with the leaflets more sessile and narrowed at the base, as described
m S. timoriensis. Some of R. Brown's are similar; others are more pubescent, like the
Common form in India, where these characters are very variable; and, as suggested by
Wand Arn., these plants may all be varieties only of S. Co24e, Linn., which would thus have

à very wide range over tropical Asia, including the Archipelago.

5. DIPLOPELTIS, Endl.
Flowers polygamous. Sepals 5, persistent, imbricate in the bud. Petals

4, the place of the fifth vacant, clawed, without any scale inside. Disk very

oblique, produced into a concave or apparently double scale. Stamens 8,
within the disk, turned to one side. Ovary 2- or 3-lobed, 2- or 3-celled ; style
ascending, usually twisted ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed halfway up the
mner angles, Capsule 2- or 3-celled, opening loculicidally in as many valves,

DI separating into cocci. Seeds usually solitary in each carpel; testa crust-

aceous ; arillus small ; embryo spirally rolled.—Shrubs or undershrubs, more
or less glandular-pubescent. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatifid. Panicles
terminal, with scorpioid racemes. Flowers white pink or violet, larger than
In most Sapindacee.
The genus is limited to Australia.
Fruit separating into distiuct indehiscent cocci. €
ves ovate or obovate, on distinct, rather long petioles . . . . 1. D. petiolaris.
Leaves linear, oblong, cuneate, or pinnatifid, narrowed into very shert E
Potioles ot we -. 4 o UN uus oos 9. D. Huegelii.

456 XXXVIII SAPINDACER. [ Diplopeltis.

*

Capsule membranous, loculicidally 3-valved, Leaves linear or cuneate, 3
eewbhM. EE EE EE a bb SRM

1. D. petiolaris, F. Muell. Herb. Nearly allied to D. Huegelii, of
which F. Mueller thinks it may be a variety. Branches, panicles, and both
sides of the leaves very glandular, and apparently viscid. Leaves crowded,
ovate or obovate, 2 to 14 in. long, irregularly crenate or lobed at the base,
on petioles of 3 or A lines. Panicle more crowded than in D. Huegelii, with
smaller flowers. Cocci separating, and similar to those of D. Huegeli,
except that they are much more glandular and less hairy.

WV. Australia. Murchison river, Oldfield.

2. D. Huegelii, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 18. A shrub of 2 or 3 ft,
but flowering also as an undershrub of 1 to 13 ft., the branches and foliage
hoary with a minute tomentum, or softly pubescent or hirsute. Leaves either
undivided and from oblong-linear to broadly cuneate, entire or coarsely
toothed, or more or less deeply pinnatifid, with short, oblong or cuneate,
entire or 2- or 3-toothed lobes or segments, always narrowed at the base but
scarcely petiolate. Flowers racemose along the simple branches of a terminal
panicle, with a few glandular-tipped hairs on the branches and sometimes on
the sepals and ovary; the males and females usually in the same raceme.
Sepals broadly ovate, about 1 line long. Petals spreading, on short slender
claws, the lamina orbicular, about 3 lines broad, those next the vacancy often
smaller than the others. Ovary hirsute with simple and glandular hairs.
Fruit separating into 3 rather hard ovoid cocci, about 2 lines long, rugose,
usually indehiscent.—Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, t. 69; F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 12,
Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 235; D. Preissii, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 223 (with
pinnatifid leaves) ; D. Lehmavini, Miq. 1. c. i. 224 (with entire leaves).

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst Coll., Preiss, n. 1281 and 1282, and
others, and thence to Murchison river, Drummond, n. 95, Oldfield. I have seen no speti-
mens from King George's Sound or any of the southern distriets. The foliage is very
variable, and the disk also appears to vary in shape; the inner margin or lobe is, however,
generally shorter than the outer one. :

Var. (?) eriocarpa. Apparently diffnse, softly pubescent or hirsute. Leaves deeply D:
natifid with several cuneate, entire or toothed segments. Ovary very hirsute. The young
fruit also very hirsute, and, apparently longer, more lobed and more membranous than in the
ordinary form, but not seen full-grown.

N. Australia. Nichol Bay, N.W. coast, F. Gregory.

3. D. Stuartii, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 19. A shrub apparently diffuse,
the branches pubescent and glandular. Leaves linear or cuneate, entire or
3-lobed at the end, } to 2 in. long, nearly glabrous above, hirsute underneath.
Racemes simple in one specimen, divided into two in the other (both mere frag-
ments), glandular-pubescent and hirsute. Flowers rather smaller than in D.
Huegelit. Margins or lobes of the disk nearly equal. Ovary very hirsute.
Capsule 4 or 5 lines long (3-lobed ?), membranous, opening loculicidally 1n
3 valves.

» x. Australia. Between Mount Morphett and Bonny river, M*Zouall Stuart (Herb.
AN SF, S

XXXVIII: SAPINDACER. s 457

6. CUPANIA, Linn.

. Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate in the bud. Petals
either as many as sepals, small, with or without scales inside, or none. Disk
usually annular. Stamens usually 8 to 10, inserted inside the disk; fila-
ments short, rarely as long as the calyx. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, rarely 4-celled,
with l ovule in each cell. Capsule obovoid or rarely globular, coriaceous or
hard, 2- or 3-, rarely 4-celled, ‘often angled or lobed, opening loculicidally in
28 many valves as cells. Seeds usually more or less covered by an arillus ;
testa crustaceous or coriaceous; embryo curved; cotyledons plano-convex.—

or rarely tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, pinnate ; leaflets alternate or
Opposite, with or without a terminal one. Flowers small, in small axillary or
terminal panicles, sometimes almost reduced to simple racemes. Petals
rarely as long as the sepals.

A large tropical genus, both in the New and the Old World, the precise limits of which are
very difficult to fix, aud are very differently viewed by different botanists. The Australian
Species are all endemic, as far as hitherto known.

Sepals orbicular, mnch imbricate.
Sepals glabrous or ciliate only.
Leaflets obtuse, pale or glaucous underneath. Capsule nearly
Maus deeply S-lobed. o G a ee X^.
flets acuminate, very oblique, green on both sides. Capsule
stipitate, 3-angled . Pee a abi kA A Oi TA
Leaflets coriaceous, obtuse. Capsule nearly sessile, slightly 3-
lobed, very coriaceous ELI CREAN oo 4 € c A
Sepals tomentose.
Leaflets glabrous, acute serrate oS s s
Leaflets tomentose underneath, nearly entire . . . . . .
Sepals ovate, slightly imbricate. Capsule 3-angled or globular, the
valves almost woody.
Leaflets numerous, acuminate, serrate. Capsule very hirsute. . 6. C. pseudorhus.
Leaflets few, entire or slightly toothed.
Panicles little-branched or racemes simple. Petals very short
and broad. Capsule woody, villous inside. :
Inflorescence often branched, upper male flowers sessile.
Young shoots and under side of the leaves usually tomen-
twepuihecso |, . . E T. C yloenrps.
Racemes simple. Flowers all pedicellate. Leaves glabrous 8. C. nervosa.
Panicles terminal, much branched (though short). Flowers all PECIA
pedicellate. Petals oblong. Filaments rather long . . . 9. C. Bidwilh.

. C. semiglauea.
. C. punctulata.
. C. anacardioides.

. C. serrata.
. C. tomentella.

En Ve o O =

1. C. semiglauca, F. Muell. Herb. A middle-sized tree. Leaflets 2
to 4 or rarely 6, oblong-elliptical, or from almost obovate to nearly lanceolate,
obtuse or rarely almost acute or mucronate, 2 to 3 or rarely nearly 4 in. long,
entire, narrowed into a short petiolule, coriaceous, glabrous and somewhat

ining above, more or less glaucous underneath. —Panicles either small and
axillary or terminal and much branched, but shorter than the leaves, glabrous
. Or minutely pubescent. Pedicels short. Sepals orbicular, ciliate, otherwise

. glabrous, the larger inner ones about 1 line diameter. Petals shorter, with 2
cuneate hairy scales as long as the petal. Stamens exserted. Ovary glabrous,
3-lobed. Capsule 4 to 5 lines diameter, glabrous, very shortly attenuate at
the base, with divarieate compressed lobes. Seeds smooth and shining,

458 XXXIII. SAPINDACEJE. (Cupania.

with a thin arillus.— 4ry/era semiglauca, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii.
25.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Hastings and Clarence rivers, Bechler; Paramatta, Wool/s; Blue
Mountains, Miss Atkinson ; S. of the colony, rare, 4, Cunningham ; Kiama, Harvey.

2. C. punctulata, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 12. A tall shrub, quite gla-
brous. Leaflets usually 4 to 7, on a long slender common petiole, very ob-
liquely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 in.'long, quite entire, thinly coria-
ceous, smooth and shining, minutely pellucid-dotted, narrowed into a petiolule
of i in. or more. Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicles short, slender, clus-
tered in the axils or at the ends of the branches. Pedicels short. Sepals
often persistent or reflexed, orbieular, about 1 line long, glabrous. Capsule
glabrous, 3-angled, flat at the top with the remains of the style forming a
point in the centre, about 4 lines broad, contracted into a short obconical
stipes, half opening in 3 coriaceous valves. Seeds not seen.

Queensland. Cumberland Islands, Fitzalan.

3. C. anacardioides, 4. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 33, t. 13. A slender
tree, quite glabrous or with a minute hoariness on the inflorescence. Leaflets
6 to 10, usually 8, from broadly ovate or obovate to elliptical-oblong, very
obtuse, 9$ to 4 in. long, rounded at the base and shortly petiolulate, quite
entire, coriaceous. Flowers rather large for the genus, in pedunculate cymes
along the branches of loose panicles. Sepals orbicular, the inner ones 2 lines
broad, slightly ciliate. Petals small, orbicular, with 2 very short obovate
hirsute scales at the base. Stamens 10; filanients short, hirsute ; anthers
oblong. Ovary villous. Capsule glabrous, coriaceous, acutely and divari-
cately 3-lobed, 6 to. 8 lines broad, very shortly attenuate at the base.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller ;
Burdekin river, F. Mueller.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R, Brown and others; Hastings river, Fraser, Beckler ;
Clarence river, Wilcox.

4. C. serrata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 43. A tree, but flowering when
. still shrubby, the young branches rusty with a close tomentum. Leaflets
usually 6 to 10, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3 to 6 in.
long, sharply and coarsely serrate, rounded at the base and nearly sessile,
rigid but not thick, shining above, very prominently pinnately veined and re-
ticulate underneath. Panicles in the upper axils, little branched or almost
reduced to dense racemes of 2 or 3 in., softly tomentose or pubescent.
Flowers rather large, on very short pedicels. Sepals orbicular, the innermost
fully 2 lines long. Petals much shorter, broad with a short 2-cleft scale at
the base. Anthers 8, oblong, on very short filaments. Ovary in the males
rudimentary, villous. Female flowers and fruit not seen.
Queensland. Pine river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

5. C. tomentella, F. Muell. Herb. Possibly a variety of C. serrata, of
which it has the flowers. Branches, petioles, and inflorescence softly tomen-
tose, almost villous. Leaflets 5 to 8, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, 2 tc
3 in. long, minutely and remotely denticulate or nearly entire, on. petiolule:

Cupania.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACEAX. 459

often 2 lines long, thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, softly tomentose under-

neath. Panicles not much branched. Bracts rather large, tomentose, de-

ciduous. Flowers nearly sessile. Sepals orbicular, and petals small with a

short scale as in C. serrata. Anthers oblong, slightly pubescent. Capsule

3-angled, thickly coriaceous, velvety-tomentose and rugose, 2 in. broad.
Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

6. C. pseudorhus, 4. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 34, t. 14. A spreading
tree of moderate size, the young branches and petioles densely rusty-tomen-
tose. Leaves crowded under the panicles ; leaflets 13 to 21 or even more,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 14 to 3 in. long or rarely more,
very oblique or almost falcate, nearly glabrous and shining above when full-
grown, more or less tomentose or pubescent underneath. Panicles usually
much-branched and rather dense, rarely exceeding the leaves, tomentose.
Flowers rather small, on very short pedicels. Sepals ovate, less imbricate
than in the preceding species, the longest scarcely exceeding 1 line. Petals
orbicular, rather exceeding the sepals, the inner scales hirsute, as long as the
lamina. Stamens 8 or 9; anthers oblong. Ovary villous. Capsule glo-
bular, slightly lobed, almost woody, densely hirsute with short velvety hairs,
about 4 in. diameter. — Arillus small.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane river, Fraser, 4. Cunningham, F.

Mueller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Mackenzie Island, Wilcox. :
N. S, Wales. Hastings river, Fraser, Bechler ; Clarence river, Bechler.

7. C. xylocarpa, 4. Cunn. Herb.; F. Muell. Trans. Vict. Inst. ii. 27.

A moderate-sized tree, the young branches rusty-tomentose. Leaflets 3 to 6,
rarely more or reduced to 2, ovate obovate or elliptical-oblong, obtuse or
scarcely acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long or rarely more, slightly and irregularly
sinuate-toothed or entire, glabrous and shining above, more or less pubescent
underneath or rarely almost glabrous, with hairy tufts almost always con-
Spicuous in the axils of the raised primary veins. Panicles short and little
ranched, often reduced to simple racemes and rarely above two inches long,
Shortly tomentose. Flowers small, the upper male ones sessile, the lower
hermaphrodite and pedicellate. Sepals ovate, tomentose, under 1 line long,
unequal and slightly imbricate. Petals very small, with a minute scale at the
e. Stamens 8 to 10; filaments oblong. Ovary tomentose, occasionally
4-merous, Capsule nearly globular, 3-angled, about. i in. broad, woody,

- glabrous or minutely tomentose outside, the valves villous inside. Arillus

Queensland. Burnett river, F. Mueller; Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham ; Logan

river, Fraser ; Curtis Island, Henne. 3 i S oe
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. The foliage of this species often closely re-
sembles that of Nephelium tomentosum.

, 8. C. nervosa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 27. A moderate-
sized tree, the young branches and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose,
Otherwise glabrous. Leaflets 3 to 6, rarely more or reduced to 2, lanceolate
or rarely elliptical-oblong, mostly 3 to 6 in. long, sinuate-toothed or entire,
glabrous, with very rarely small tufts underneath in the axils of the raised
Primary veins; Racemes usually simple, axillary, 1 to 2 in. long, the flowers

460 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEX. [Cupania.

all pedicellate and larger than in O. xylocarpa. Sepals narrow-ovate, slightly
imbricate, above 1 line long. Petals very small, with a very short. scale.
Anthers oblong, hirsute at first, but soon glabrous. Capsule nearly glo-
bular, 3-angled, about 4 in. broad, woody, glabrous or nearly so outside, the
valves villous inside.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; also in A. Cunning-
ham's and Leichhardt's collections, without the precise station.

N. S. Wales. Richmond river, C. Moore ; Clarence river, Bechler.

Cunningham's and Leichhardt’s are the only specimens I have seen in flower, the others
are in fruit only, and may possibly include some glabrous specimens of C. zy/ocarpa, to
which this species is very nearly allied. Tt is also closely allied to, although not quite iden-
tical with, C. falcata, A. Gray, from the Fiji islands.

9? C. Bidwilli, Benth. A tree, the young shoots and inflorescence
minutely tomentose. Leaves 2 to 4, ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ob-
tuse or scarcely acuminate, 3 to 6 in. long, entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed,
glabrous on both sides, with few or no tufts in the axils of the raised primary
veins underneath. Panicles terminal, much branched, but shorter than the
leaves. Flowers small, all pedicellate. Sepals tomentose, narrow-ovate,
slightly imbrieate, about 1 line long. Petals rather shorter than the calyx,
oblong, concave, with 2 minute hirsute auricle-like scales at the base of the
lamina. Stamens about 8; filaments nearly as long as the calyx; anthers
oblong. Ovary hirsute. Fruit not seen.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill. Although I have not seen the fruit, this species
has all the appearance of a true Cupania. It has some general resemblance to a Philippine
Asland species, n. 1237 of Cuming, which is I believe as yet unpublished.

7. RATONIA, DC.
(Arytera, Blume.)

Flowers regular, polygamous. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 4- or 5-toothed
or lobed, open, valvate, or slightly imbricate in the bud. Petals 4 or 5,
small, with or without scales inside, or none. Disk usually annular. Sta-
mens 7 to 10, inserted inside the disk; filaments filiform, longer than the
calyx. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule either 2-
celled and compressed, or 3-celled and 3-angled or 3-lobed, loeulicidally 2- or
3-valved, rarely almost indehiseent. Seeds more or less covered by an arillus;
testa crustaceous ; cotyledons thick, often curved or folded.— Trees. Leaves
alternate, pinnate; leaflets alternate or opposite, usually without a terminal
one. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary panicles. Petals rarely as long
as the calyx.

_ A large tropical genus, with the same range as Cupania, but especially numerous in Ame-
rica. The Australian species are all endemic. Tt is closely allied to Cupania, with which it
is usnally joined, but the gamosepalous calyx and long filaments appear to give it at least
as great a value as several other generally admitted genera of Sapindacee.
Capsule distinctly stipitate, 3-angled or pear-shaped. Leaflets coriaceous.

Leaflets large, very coriaceous, the veins searcely prominent. Petals 5.

Capeule glabrous inside... n = m a ae ss Ca

Leaflets thinly coriaceous, much reticulate. Petals none. Capsule

qax Woolly mids S. 1.0) 3074 ee e. s

- Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, very coriaceous, the margins thickened ; <

. primary veins prominent. Capsule glabrous inside . . . . . 3. R. stipitata.

1. A, pyriformis.
2, R. anodonta.

Ratonia.} XXVIII. SAPINDACER. 461

Capsule nearly sessile, flattened and 2-celled or rarely 3-lobed. Leaflets
scarcely coriaceous.
Filaments long, very woolly. Styles united to the middle. . . . 4. R. tenaz.
Filaments short, slightly hairy. Styles distinct from the base . . 5, R, distylis.

1. R. pyriformis, Benth. A tree of considerable size, but flowering
sometimes as a shrub, glabrous except a minute hoariness on the young
shoots and panicles. . Leaflets 3 to 6, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shortly acu-
Minate, 4 to 6 in. long, entire, very coriaceous, on petiolules of 4 in. or more.
Flowers very small, short!y pedicellate, singly or in little cymes of 2 or 3
along the raceme-like branches of the panicle. Calyx nearly 1 line diameter,
shortly and broadly 5-lobed. Petals 5, scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes,
cuneate or spathulate, the inner scales lining and bordering the base of the
lamina. Stamens in the male flower 8, much exserted, the filaments slightly
hirsute, in the females few, with short filaments. Ovary stipitate, slightly

hirsute, style filiform, with 3 diverging stigmatic lobes. Capsule globular-
pear-shaped, about 4 lines diameter, narrowed into a long stipes, glabrous,
with 3 raised ribs, appearing almost drupaceous and scarcely dehiscent.
Seeds often reduced to 2 or 1, enclosed in the arillus; cotyledons much
folded.— Schmidelia pyriformis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 2.
Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

2. R. anodonta, Benih. A tree of considerable size, flowering also as
a shrub, quite glabrous. Leaflets 2, 3, or rarely 4, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4 in.long, coriaceous, but not thick, very much
reticulate, narrowed into a petiolule of 4 to nearly 3 in. Panicle glabrous, slen-
der, not much branched. Calyx glabrous, about 2 line diameter. Petals none.
Filaments exserted, glabrous. Ovary stipitate, almost glabrous ; style shortly
subulate, with diverging stigmatic lobes. Capsule pear-shaped, somewhat
3-angled, nearly 4 in. broad, the valves almost woody, densely villous inside.
Seeds often reduced to 2 or 1, enclosed in the arillus. Embryo much curved ;
cotyledons folded, but less so than in R. pyr iformis.—Schmidelia anodonta,
F. Muell. Fragm. i 2; Cupania anodonta, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 76.
„Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham, W. Hill s Mackenzie
nver, Leichhardt.
3. R. stipitata, Benth. A moderate-sized tree, glabrous except a mi-
hute tomentum on the young branches and inflorescence. Leaflets 8 to 6,
-9blong-lanceolate, acute, 2 to 3 in. long, narrowed into a petiolule of 3 or 4
ines, coriaceous, very rigid, shining above, the primary veins very prominent
underneath. Panicles axillary and terminal, divaricately branched. Flowers
not seen, Fruiting pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx persistent, very small,
acutely 4 or 5-lobed. Capsule 3-angled, depressed at the top, i in. broad, nar-
rowed into a short but distinct stipes, valves thickly coriaceous, almost
Woody, glabrous and reddish inside. Seeds shining, in a thin arillus.—Cu-
— Pania stipata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 75 and 175. BE
MS Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. Ihave corrected the specific name i-
~ tala, from the stipitate capsules, stipata (encircled) having been probably a clerical error.
LR. tenax, Benth. A moderate-sizéd tree, quite glabrous except the
- flowers. Leaflets usually 3, but yarying from 2 to 6, from obovate to oblong-

462 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEJE. [Ratonia.

elliptical or lanceolate, obtuse, 14 to 2 or rarely 3 in. long, much narrowed
at the base but scarcely petiolulate, thinly. coriaceous, shining above, pale or
sometimes slightly glaucous underneath. Panicles small, little branched.
Calyx a little above 1 line broad, 5-lobed. Petals small, broad, the scale in-
side very hairy. Stamens about 8, the exserted filaments woolly-hairy.
Ovary stipitate, 2- or rarely 3-celled. Style rather short, with spreading
stigmatic lobes. Capsule usually flattened, 2-celled, about 3 in. broad, con-
tracted into a very short stipes; valves thick, densely villous inside. Seeds
apparently only half enveloped in the arillus, but much injured in the speci-
mens examined.—Cupania tenax, A. Cunn. Herb.

Queensland. Brisbane river, 4. Cunningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller; Port Curtis, C.

Moore.

5. R. distylis, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of considerable height, glabrous,
except the inflorescence, and sometimes the very young shoots. Leaflets 2,
or sometimes reduced to 1, at the end of a short common petiole, from
obovate-oblong to elliptical or lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2 to
3 in. long, narrowed into a short petiolule, thinly coriaceous, reticulate.
Panicles small, pubescent, with minute appressed hairs, the females often
reduced to simple racemes. Calyx small, broad, shortly 5-toothed. Petals
minute, orbicular, with a hairy scale at the base. Filaments shorter than m
the other species, especially in the females; anthers rather large, pubescent.
Ovary broadly obcordate, strigose-pubescent. Styles divided to the base,
revolute. Capsule flattish, 2-celled, about 2 in. broad ; the valves coriaceous,
slightly hairy inside. Seeds not seen.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, W. Hill; Port Denison, Fitzalan ;
Bunija Creek Brush, Leichhardt.

8. ATALAYA, Blume.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, much imbricate in the bud.
Petals 5, exceeding the sepals, with an inner scale or tuft of hairs. Disk
annular. Stamens 8, inserted inside the disk. Ovary 3-celled, with 1 ovule
in each cell. Style short, undivided. Fruit separating into 3 distinct carpels

or samare, 1-celled, 1-seeded and indehiscent at the base, terminating in a
long wing. Seeds without any arillus, testa coriaceous; cotyledons thick,

unequal.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate or rarely simple. Flowers usually

larger than in Cupania and Ratonia, in axillary or terminal panicles.

The genus is endemic in Australia, with the exception of one species, which extends
P Timor. The flowers are nearly those of Sapindus, with the fruit of Zhowinia and
cer.

Flowers and fruit, as well as the whole plant, quite glabrous . 1. A. salicifolia.
Flcwers and fruit more or less pubescent or tomentose.
` Leaflets ovate or broadly oblong, the petiole not winged. Panicle
pedunculate, many-flowered. Carpels divaricate . . . . . . 2. A. multiflora.
_ Leaflets narrow-oblong or linear, or leaves undivided, the petiole
often winged. Carpels diverging.
Plant glabrous, except the flowers . . . . . ... . .
Branches, young leaves, and panicles velvety-tomentose. Leaflets

D *

^ . and petiole-wings much reticulate . . . .

3. A. Aemiglauca.

2. 4. A.varüfolies —

Atalaya.) XXXVIII. SAPINDACES. 463

l. A. salicifolia, Blume, Rumphia, iii. 186. A small tree, quite gla-
brous, green or somewhat glaucous. Leaflets in our specimens 2 to 5, oblong
or oblong-lancealate, 3 to 5 in. long, narrowed at the base, but not petiolu-
late, thinly coriaceous, with numerous pinnate veins, and more or less reticu-
late, the margins not thickened. Panicles loose, perfectly glabrous, as well
as the flowers, except a few hairs on the filaments and petal-scales. Flowers
otherwise those of 4. hemiglauca. Samare about $ to 1 in. long, including
the wing, and perfectly glabrous.—Sapindus salicifolius, DC. Prod. i. 608 ;
Cupania salicifolia, Dene. Herb. Tim. Descr. 115 ; Thouinia australis, A. Rich.
Sert. Astrol. 31, t. 12.

N. Australia. Careening Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham ; Melville Island (not
Moreton Bay), Fraser and A, Cunningham. Also in Timor, the specimens precisely similar
to the Australian ones.

2. A. multiflora, Benth. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous except
the inflorescence. Leaflets 2 to 6, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, 2 to 3 in.
long or rarely more, distinctly petiolulate, coriaceous and strongly reticulate.
Panicle pedunculate above the last leaves, oblong or pyramidal, minutely
tomentose-pubescent. Flowers very numerous, the small scale-like bracts
more conspicuous than in the other species. Flowers of 4. Aemiglauca.
Ovary slightly pubescent. Samare 1 to 13 in. long, including the straight or

cate wing, very divaricate, pubescent or nearly glabrous.

Queensland. Cape York and Trinity Island, M*Gillivray ; Brisbane river, W. Hill,
T. Mueller,

3. A. hemiglauca, F. Muell. Herb. A tall shrub or small tree, quite
glabrous except the flowers, and more or less glaucous. Leaves usually
pinnate; leaflets few, from narrow-oblong to linear, obtuse or scarcely acute,
from 2 or 3 to 7 or 8 in. long, often somewhat falcate, narrowed at the base
but rarely petiolulate, rigidly coriaceous, with numerous pinnate and reticulate
veins and a somewhat thickened margin, the common petiole terete or nearly
.. 80; sometimes, however, the petiole becomes winged, or the leaves are quite
simple, oblong, or linear, or the leaflets are decurrent on the petiole forming
alarge 2- or 3-lobed leaf, or rarely the simple leaf is ovate-lanceolate, and
= 8to 10 in. long. Panicles rather dense, the rhachis and branches glabrous

or nearly so; pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Sepals orbicular, nearly glabrous,
— l& or the inner ones nearly 2 lines long. Petals pubescent, oblong, 3 to
. 4 lines long, with a hirsute scale at the base. Filaments pubescent. Ovary
densely silky-pubescent. Samare pubescent, with minute appressed hairs,
1 to 1} in. long, including the wing, which is nearly as broad as long, the
Cavity hairy or nearly glabrous inside.—Thouinia hemiglauca, F. Muell.
Fragm. i. 98.
N. Australia. N.W. coast, Bynoe; Hammersley Range, Nichol Bay, F. Gregory ;

Albert river, Henne.
Queensland. E. coast, R. Brown; Osxley’s Station, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton,
zet; Brisbane river, A. Cunningham, Fraser; Mooni river, Mitchell. ‘
N.S. Wales. Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham; Bowen and Castlereagh rivers, F.
~ Mueller ; desert of the Darling, and thence to Stokes range and Cooper's Creek, Victorian
Expedition and others.

4. A. variifolia, F. Muell. Herb. A tall shrub or small tree, the young

464 XXXVIII. SAPINDACES. { Atalaya.

branches and panicles softly velvety-tomeritose. Leaves or leaflets from
oblong to linear, apparently as variable as in 4. hemiglauca, but longer, often
above 8 in., very much more reticulate, the common petiole psually broadly
winged, the wing also much reticulate. Panicle loose. Sepals silky-pubescent,
. about 1} lines long. Petals twice as long. Filaments hairy. Samare softly
tomentose, 2 in. long including the wing, which is fully twice as long as broad,
the cavity pubescent inside.—Zhowinia variifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 46.
N. Australia. Sea range, Macadam range, and near Fitzmaurice river, F. Mueller.

eens: iii soe mm, — D

9. SAPINDUS, Linn.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, much imbricate in the bud. i
Petals as many, usually exceeding the sepals, with 1 or 2 inner scales or with- |
out any. Disk annular. Stamens usually 8 to 10. Ovary 2- to 4-lobed,
2- to 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style with 2 to 4 stigmatic lobes. |
Fruit fleshy or coriaceous, divided into 2 to 4 globular or ovoid indehiscent
lobes, not muricate. Seeds without any arillus; embryo straight or curved ; |
cotyledons thick.— Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing. Leaves pinnate, rarely
1-foliolate. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles. |

The genus is widely dispersed over tropical regions, but less numerous in America than
in Asia. "The Australian species is, as far as known, endemic; but, like many others of the
genus, it must remain in some measure doubtful until the fruit has been seen.

1. S. (?) australis, Benth. Young branches, petioles, and panicles
pale or hoary with a very minute tomentum. Leaflets, in our specimens, 4
or 6, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 to 5 in. long, entire, often oblique, narrowed
into a short petiolule, coriaceous, glabrous, much veined, of a pale, almost
glaucous colour. Panicle loose, longer than the leaves. Flowers shortly
pedicellate, in little loose cymes along the divaricate branches. Sepals in the
male flowers, the only ones seen, hoary-tomentose, rather above 1 line long.
Petals nearly 2 lines long, oval-oblong, narrowed into a short claw, pubescent
outside, with a single short broad scale inside fringed with long hairs. Sta- |
mens usually 8, as long as the petals. Filaments hairy.

eensland. Cape York, M‘Gillivray. In the absence of female flowers and fruit, T

Qu
have referred this plant to Sapindus, from its general resemblance in habit and male flowers
to S. emarginatus, Roxb.

10. NEPHELIUM, Linn.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Calyx small, cup-shaped, with 4 or 5 rarely
6 teeth or lobes, valvate or slightly imbricate in the bud. Petals none, or as
many as calyx-lobes, small, with a 2-cleft scale or 2 scales inside. Disk
annular. Stamens 6 to 10, inserted within the disk ; filaments in the Aus-
tralian species short, in others elongated. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, usually lobed,
with 1 ovule in each cell. Style with 2 or 3 stigmatic lobes. Fruit usually
deeply 2- or 3-lobed, or rarely entire, 2- or 3-celled, or reduced to a single
carpel, the lobes indehiscent or 2-valved, or opening irregularly, muricate, or
in the Australian species smooth. Seeds usually wholly or partially enclosed
in an arillus; testa coriaceous ; cotyledons thick.— Trees, with the habit of `
Cupania. Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets opposite or alternate, the pri- `

Nephelium.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACE. 465

mary parallel pinnate veins prominent underneath in all the Australian species
except N. microphyllum. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal panicles.

. The genus extends over tropical Asia, especially the Archipelago, The Australian species
are all endemic, and differ from the majority of the Asiatic ones in their smooth fruit and
shorter filaments. The flowers are nearly those of Ratonia ; but the fruit does not open in ,
septiferous valves, even when, as in N. connatum, it is scarcely lobed. Tt is also very nearly
allied to Euphoria, differing chiefly in the smaller gamosepalous calyx. The distinctions,
however, between Cupania, Ratonia, Nephelium, Euphoria, and several others, are very

slight.

Carpels quite connate, the capsule not depressed in the centre between

them.
Leaflets slightly hoary or pubescent. Panicle much-branched,

many-flowered. Petals 5. Capsule scarcely coriaceous. . . 1. N. connatum.
Leaflets rigid, glabrous, mostly toothed. ` Panicles scarcel

branched.. Petals none. Capsule very coriaceous . . . . 2. N. subdentatum.

oe globular, the capsule depressed in the centre and deeply

obed,
Fruit densely villous. Leaflets 4 or more, mostly toothed, tomen-

tose-villous underneath . . i . N. tomentosum.

Fruit minutely hoary. Leaflets 2,
we sedis Eee E EE Ros ho eee
Fruit thickly coriaceous, nearly glabrous outside, very hairy inside.
Panicle very tomentose. Leafletsglabrous. . . . . + .
Fruit thinly coriaceons, glabrous. Panicle nearly glabrous. Leaflets
ree ossi Eer EE e IC De CI aS i
Carpels ovoid, united only by their attenuated bases. `
ets 4 or 6, with few, parallel, prominent veins (as in all the
. preceding species). Panicles loose, many-flowered. :
Calyx divided to the base into imbricate segments . . . . T. N. Beckleri.
Calyx divided to the middle into broad obtuse lobes qe oi N. divaricatum.
Leaflets 2, small, with numerous, scarcely prominent veins. Pa- :
MERE S. va 4 iE : + oe ¿s « 9, N. micropiylium.

1. N. connatum, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of 20 to 40 ft., the young
shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 2 to 6, from
obovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 23 to 4 in. long, narrowed at the base,

ut scarcely petiolulate, quite entire or very obscurely sinuate, thinly coria-
ceous, glabrous and shining above, somewhat glaucous or minutely tomentose
underneath, Flowers small and numerous, in pyramidal panicles rarely ex-
ceeding the leaves. Calyx 5-lobed, about 1 line diameter. Petals about
* line long, the inner scale as long as the lamina. Filaments short ; anthers
exserted, oblong, pubescent. Ovary 3-celled; style thickened at the base.
- Fruit 3-furrowed or 3-lobed, but not deeply so, mucronate, and not depressed
in the centre, somewhat inflated, scarcely coriaceous, hoary, indehiscent or
splitting irregularly. Seeds small, shining, black, in a bright red cupular
arillus.—Spanoghea connata, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. wen :
; Brisbane river, Moreton Pay, 4, Cunningham,
Pat E neice d Kee This is certainly the Sapindus cinereus, A.
Cunn., referred to by A. Gray, in Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 258 ; but the pee rd
Hunter's River, more especially deseribed by A. Gray, with coarsely serrate leaves and gla-
Tops bracts, is probably different. eee
. 5. N. subdentatum, F. Muell. (as a var. of N. connatum), A ta
shrub or small treé, the young’ shoots and inflorescence slightly mee
VOL, 1.

entire, coriaceous, glaucous

3

4. N. coriaceum.
5. N. foveolatum.
6

. N. leiocarpum.

D

466 XXXVII. SAPINDACER. [ Nephelium.

with minute appressed hairs. Leaflets 2 to 6, ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or scarcely acute, irregularly sinuate-toothed or rarely almost entire,
coriaceous, glabrous on both sides and shining above. Panicles short, little
branched. Pedicels short. Calyx truncate or shortly and broadly lobed.
Petals none. Filaments very short; anthers oblong, scarcely pubescent.
Ovary tomentose, 2- or 8-celled; fruit truncate at the top, slightly hoary
with a minute tomentum, the lobes, usually 2 only, compressed-globular,
united to the top, hard and indehiscent.

N. S. Wales. Tenterfield, New England, C. Stuart ; “ Tarampa Hill,” Leichhardt.
F. Mueller thinks that this may be a glabrescent form of AN. connatum, but there is a con-
siderable difference in general aspect ; the calyx is more open and less lobed, I can find no
petals, and the fruit is differently shaped.

3. N. tomentosum, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. ii. 64. A tree of
20 to 30 ft., the young branches and petioles clothed with a soft rust-coloured
velvety tomentum. Leaflets 4 to 8, from oval-oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
acute, or rarely obtuse, 2 to 4 in. long, acutely toothed or rarely almost
entire, thinly coriaceous, pubescent above or at length glabrous, tomentose-
pubescent underneath. Flowers small, crowded, on short slightly-branched
tomentose panicles, sometimes reduced to simple racemes. Pedicels very
short. Calyx nearly 1 line long, the lobes rather deep and acute. Petals none.
Filaments very short ; anthers oblong, exserted, glabrous or slightly pubes-
cent. Ovary tomentose, 2- or 3-lobed; style short, with spreading stigmas.
Fruit softly tomentose-villous, depressed at the top, of 2 or rarely 3 globular
slightly compressed lobes, united to the top, 4 or 5 lines' diameter, rather
hard, indehiscent, Seeds half immersed in a yellowish arillus.

Queensland. Bremer river, Moreton Bay, A. Cuaningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller.
N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Wilcox, Beckler.

4. IN. coriaceum, Benth. Young branches slightly hoary with a very
minute tomentum. Leaflets in our specimens always 2, obovate-oblong or
elliptical, 23 to 4 in. long, very obtuse, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous and
shining above, pale or glaucous underneath, rounded at the base, on a short
petiolule. Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicle branched, shorter than the
leaves. Calyx small, with rather acute lobes. Fruits hoary-tomentose,
mostly 3-lobed, much depressed in the centre, the lobes nearly globular, cori-
aceous, indehiscent.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Fraser.

5. N. foveolatum, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of considerable size, the
voung branches and inflorescence rusty-tomentose. Leaflets 4 to 6, ovate-
lanceolate, or almost ovate, obtuse or acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, entire oF
sinuate-toothed, narrowed into a distinct petiolule of 1 to 3 lines, thinly
coriaceous, glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent underneath, having frequently
a cup-shaped cavity in the axils of the primary veins. Panicles in the upper
axils broad and many-flowered but shorter than the leaves, the flowers in little
clusters or cymes along the principal branches. Calyx tomentose, deeply
divided into lanceolate lobes of nearly 1 line, valvate in the bud. Petals
minute or rudimentary. Filaments nearly as long as the calyx; anthers
oblong, pubescent. Fruit tomentose, deeply" divided into 2, 3, or sometimes

MM —Ó——— n aes

Nephelium.) XXXVIII. SAPINDACEE. 467

4 ovoid lobes, attaining sometimes 4 in., opening in 2 thickly coriaceous
valves. Seeds completely enveloped in the arillus.—<Arydera foveolata, F.
Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 24.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

6. N. leiocarpum, F. Muell. Herb. A tall tree, usually glabrous
except a very slight pubescence on the young leaves and shoots, and some-
times on the panicles. Leaflets 2 to 6, mostly oblong-elliptical, ovate-lanceo-
late or lanceolate, acuminate or obtuse, 3 to 4 or even 5 in. long, but more
variable in size and shape than in most species, entire or rarely with a few deep
Serratures, narrowed into a very short petiolule, not coriaceous. Panicles
loose, not much branched, usually glabrous. Calyx about 1 line diameter,
with very short broad teeth. Petals broad and short but variable, the scale
usually nearly as long as the lamina. Filaments often exceeding the calyx ;
anthers oblong, elabrous or nearly so. Fruit sessile or nearly so, glabrous,
with distinet globular lobes of 4 to 5 lines diameter, coriaceous, indehiscent
or opening irregularly in a longitudinal slit, or breaking off transversely.
Seed deeply enclosed in the arillus.—Spanoghea nephelioides, F. Muell. m
Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 25.

Queensland. Brisbane river, F. Mueller; Curtis Island, Henne (a var. with smaller

more obtuse and more coriaceous leaflets).

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; northward to Hastings river, Fraser,
Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore ; Macleay and Clarence rivers, Beckler ; southward
to Illawarra, 4. Cunningham, Backhouse ; Kiama, Harvey ; Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

7. N. Beckleri, Benth. A tree of considerable size, the young shoots
and inflorescence slightly hoary with a minute tomentum, otherwise glabrous.
Leaflets 3 to 6, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4
m. or when luxuriant 6 in. long, entire, narrowed into a petiolule of 3 to 6
lines, thinly coriaceous, quite glabrous. Panicles much branched. Flowers
numerous, shortly pedicellate. Calyx pubescent, deeply divided into 5 orbi-
cular or broadly-ovate very obtuse segments about 2 line long. Petals in the
males short, with a very small scale, in the females longer with a more deve-
loped scale. Filaments very short; anthers oblong, pubescent. Fruit dis-
tiuetly stipitate, glabrous, with 2 or 3 horizontally divaricate ovoid lobes
of about i in., either indehiscent or rarely opening in a short slit ; often re-
duced to a single perfect lobe, the two others forming short tubercles at its

se.

. N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler. The calyx is more deeply cleft and more im-
bricate than in any other Nephelium, thus approaching that of Zuphoria ; but the species is
"n cad allied in fruit and other characters to AN. divaricatum to be generically se

8. N. divaricatum, F. Muell. Herb. A handsome tree of considerable
height, the young shoots and panicles slightly hoary with a minute tomentum,
Otherwise glabrous. Leaflets 4 or rarely 2, oval-oblong, elliptical or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, entire, narrowed
Into a petiolule of 2 or 3 lines, thinly coriaceous. Panicles loose, with few
divaricate branches, the flower-cymes shortly pedunculate. Calyx very open,
about + line long, pubescent, divided to the middle into 5 or rarely 4 broad

~ Obtuse lobes. Petals small, the inner scale short.or in some females nearly

2H 2

468 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEJE. [.Nephelium.

as long as the lamina. Filaments short ; anthers oblong, pubescent. Ovary
tomentose. Fruit glabrous, sessile or nearly so, with 1, 2, or 3 ovoid or
nearly globular lobes, indehiscent or splitting longitudinally, more or less
villous inside. Seed nearly enveloped in the arillus.— 4ryfera divaricata, F.
Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 25.

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller ;
Pine river, Fitzalan.

9. IN. microphyllum, Benth. Glabrous or the young shoots minutely
hoary. Leaflets 2 or rarely 1 only, ovate or obovate, obtuse, 3 to 13 in. long,
entire, narrowed at the base but not petiolulate, somewhat coriaceous, the
primary veins numerous and fine, not distant and raised as in other species.
Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicles short and rather dense. Calyx small,
5-lobed. Fruit glabrous, almost sessile, with 1, 2, or rarely 3 ovoid lobes,
about 5 lines long, splitting irregularly like those of N. divaricatum, hirsute
inside.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwiil.

There are in R. Brown's herbarium specimens in flowers only, from Hunter's River, of
what appears to be a Nephelium or Cupania, different from any of those above described ;

but, in the absence of fruit, I am unable to satisfy myself as to which genus it should be
referred to, and therefore refrain from publishing it.

1l. EUPHORIA, Juss.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, distinct, imbricate or valvate in
the bud. Petals none or as many as sepals, with or without a scale inside.
Disk annular. Stamens 6 to 10, inserted within the disk ; filaments short.
Ovary 2- or 3-celled, usually lobed, with 1 ovule in each cell; style deeply
2- or 3-lobed, or divided to the base into distinct styles. Fruit deeply 2- ot
3-lobed, or reduced to a single carpel, the lobes usually indehiscent, tubercu-
late. Seeds enclosed in a pulpy arillus ; testa coriaceous ; cotyledons thick.
— Trees, with the young shoots usually pubescent. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets,
as in Nephelium, with the primary pinnate veins raised underneath. Flowers
small, in terminal panicles.

The genus extends over tropical Asia, especially the Archipelago, with one Australian ett:
demie species. It is very nearly allied to Nephelium, differing chiefly in the distinct sepals
(in which respect W. Beckleri comes very near to Euphoria), and from the Australian Ne-
phelia in the tuberculate fruit.

1l. E.Leichhardtii, Benth. Young branches, petioles, and inflorescence
rusty-tomentose. Leaflets about 6, from obovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, rather thin, glabrous or nearly
so above, tomentose or pubescent underneath, narrowed into a short petiolule.
Panicles terminal, sessile, rather large, the flowers in little dense cymes along
its branches. Sepals about 1 line long, tomentose, imbricate. Petals rather
shorter, without any scale, but hairy inside, glabrous outside in the typical
form. Filaments longer than the calyx; anthers ovoid. Ovary 3-celled.
Style rather thick, with 3 divergent lobes. Young fruit deeply divided into
3 globular lobes, very tomentose and tuberculate, but not seen fully formed.

Queensland (?), Leichhardt (Herb. F. Muell.). S

Var. hebepetala. Calyx rather smaller. Petals pubescent outside. “ Narrum Nurrum,
Leichhardt (Herb. F. Mueli.).

—

-

TUER a rnÉs o E RENE ANNE mg,

XXXVIII. SAPINDACEA. 469

12. HETERODENDROYN, Desf.

Flowers regular, usually hermaphrodite. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, very
shortly and irregularly toothed. Petals none. “Disk small. Stamens 6 to
15, inserted within or upon the disk; anthers nearly sessile, longer than the
calyx, Ovary 2- to 4-lobed, 2- to 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell; style
short, with an obtuse lobed stigma. — Fruit of 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4 coriaceous
or hard lobes, indehiscent. Seed half immersed in an arillus; testa crus-
taceous ; cotyledons thick, flexuose.—Shrubs. Leaves simple, entire or
lobed. Flowers small, in short terminal, slightly-branched panicles, often re-
duced to simple racemes.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves entire, coriaceous, linear, oblong or rarely obovate, usually

Pema OSS ie D cu Ud Wu pe. te o coc
ves entire, mucronate, toothed or pinnatifid, scarcely coriaceous, lapses on
rarely 2in.long . . . . . . . . . & H. diversifolium.

1. H. olezefolium, Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par. iv. 8, t. 3. A tall shrub,
the young shoots hoary or glaucous with a minute silky pubescence. Leaves
linear, lanceolate or narrow-oblong, rarely almost obovate, acute or obtuse,
2 to 4 in. long, quite entire, narrowed into a very short. petiole, coriaceous
and sometimes very rigid. Panicles usually few-flowered and much shorter
than the leaves. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, varying from 1} to nearly 3
lines diameter, Ovary usually 3- or 4-celled; densely tomentose. Fruit of
l, 2, or very rarely 3 or 4 nearly globular lobes, 3 or 4 lines diameter.—DC.
Prod. ii. 92; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 90.

N. Australia. Hammersley range, near Nichol Bay, F. Gregory s Expedition,

P Queensland. Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Bowen river aud Connor's Creek, Leiche
ardt.
N.S. Wales. N.W. interior, Strut; Mount Brogden, A. Cunningham ; plains of
the Gwydir, Mitchell; Macquarie river and desert of the Darling and Murray, Herd. F.
ueller,
Victoria. Mallee scrub, on the rivers Murray, Wimmera, and Avoca, F. Mueller.
S. Australia. Lake Torrens, Flinders Range, and Cooper’s Creek, F. Mueller. —
à W. Australia. Dirk Hartog’s Island, 4. Cunningham, Milne; Murchison river,
ldfield. `
The Queensland specimens have smaller and more glabrous flowers than the more sonthern
ones, with the ovary usually 2-carpellary. The north-western and some of the western ones
ve much broader leaves and more abundant flowers than the eastern.

2. H. diversifolium, P Muell. Fragm. i. 46. A shrub, the young
branches tomentose, pubescent, or perfectly glabrous. Leaves from linear-
Cuneate to oblong-cuneate or almost obovate, rarely 2 in. long and often
Under 1 in., usually mucronate with an almost pungent point, either entire or
With a few sharp teeth or lobes towards the end, or pinnatifid with the triangular
pungent lobes rigid and sometimes coriaceous, but less so than H. olegfolium.
Flowers few, in short panicles, pubescent or glabrous. Ovary 2-celled.
Fruit-lobes very divaricate, ovoid, glabrous or tomentose.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; thickets at the foot of the dividing range, 4.
Cunningham ; Sage, Thozet ; Warwick, Beckler ; Comet river, Leichhardt.

H

There are two forms, one perfectly glabrous, the other with the young shoots and flowers

x — Pübeseent, the fruit densely pubescent or tomentose. The specimens I have seen, although

rather numerous, are not good.

>

470 XXXVIII. SAPINDACE.

13. HARPULLIA, Roxb.

Flowers regular, polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals as many, without
any scale, but sometimes with inflected auricles at the base of the lamina.
Disk inconspicuous. Stamens 5 to 8. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each
cell; style short, or elongated and spirally twisted. Capsule coriaceous,
somewhat compressed, with 2 turgid lobes opening loculicidally in 2 valves.
Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, with or without an arillus; cotyledons thick.—
Trees. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually large, the primary veins prominent
underneath. Flowers in loose terminal little-branched panicles, sometimes
reduced to simple racemes. Capsules usually large, red or orange-coloured.

Besides the Australian species, which are endemic, there or two or three others, natives of
tropical Asia or Madagascar.

Calyx persistent. Petals not auriculate.
Petiole winged. Leaflets coarsely toothed . . . . . . . . I. H. alata.
Petiole not winged. Leaflets entire. ,
Leaflets coriaceous, very obtuse . peu M. M. 2. H. Hil. ——
Leaflets membranous, shortly acuminate. . . . . . . . 3. H Leichhardtit.
Calyx deciduous. Petals with inflected auricles . . . . . . . 4. H. pendula.

1. H. alata, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 103. A tall tree, the young branches
and panicles minutely tomentose, otherwise glabrous. Leaflets usually

6 to 10, oblong-elliptical or lanceolate, acutely acuminate and coarsely `

toothed, almost lobed, 3 to 6 in. long, or more in the large leaves of barren
shoots, rather rigid, green and much veined on both sides, the common petiole
broadly winged. Panicles short, loose. Flowers few, larger than in the
other species, on short pedicels. Sepals persistent, about 3 lines long, shortly
tomentose. Petals about 4 lines long, oblong-cuneate, narrowed at the base,
and not auricled. Stamens 7 or 8, about as long as the sepals in the males,
shorter in the females. Capsule 1 to 14 in. broad, coriaceous, nearly gla-
brous inside. Seeds enveloped in a yellowish arillus.
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore.

2. H. Hillii, F. Muell in Trans. Vict. Inst. iii. 26, and Fragm. n.
104. A tree of 60 to 80 ft., the young branches and inflorescence rusty
with a close tomentum, otherwise glabrous. Leaflets usually 5 to 11, broadly-
oblong or oval-oblong, very obtuse, 3 to 5 in.long, or more in the large
leaves of barren shoots, thinly coriaceous, shining, the common petiole
not winged. Panicles loose, little branched, shorter than the leaves. Pedi-
cels 2 to 3 lines long. Sepals persistent, broadly ovate, 2 to 3 lines long.
Petals oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, without auricles. Male flowers not seen.
Stamens in the females 5 or 6, with very short filaments and acute anthers,
probably imperfect. Capsule 14 in. broad, slightly tomentose outside, the
turgid lobes hirsute inside. Seeds in the young state showing no arillus,
but, according to Beckler, of an orange-yellow when ripe and enclosed in a
rich red membrane.

: Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill; Moreton Bay, W. Hill; Mackenzie river, Leich-
ardt.

N. S. Wales. Richmond river, Bechler ; Clarence river, C. Moore.

3. H. Leichhardtii, F. Muell. Herd. Young shoots and inflorescence
D

—

Harpullia.) XXXVIII. SAPINDACE;E. 471

minutely hoary-tomentose, otherwise glabrous. Leaflets in the single speci-
men seen 10, elliptieal, 3 to 5 in. long, membranous as in H. pendula. Pa-
nicles almost reduced to simple racemes. Flowers all females, on pedicels of
3 to 5 lines. Sepals persistent, tomentose, about 2 lines long. Petals and
stamens already fallen away. Ovary tomentose, already enlarged, but the
fruit not fully formed.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Leichhardt. Although the specimen is very incom-
plete, it is evidently a distinct species, with the foliage nearly of H. pendula, and the per-

sistent calyx of H. Hi//ii.

4. H. pendula, Planch.; F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. ii. 26, and-
F ragm. ii. 104. A tall tree, glabrons or the young shoots and panicles
mmutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets 3 to 6, or rarely more, from ovate to
elliptical-oblong, obtusely acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, membranous. Panicles
loose and slender. Pedicels in flower 3 to 4 lines, in fruit i to 1 in. long,
slender. Sepals deciduous, about 2 lines long. Petals ovate, nearly 3 lines
long, with inflected ciliate auricles at the base, representing the inner scales
ofmany other Sapindacee. Stamens 5 to 7, much longer than the calyx, with
slender filaments in the males, small and short in the females. Ovary to-
mentose, with a long style twisted at the top. Capsule glabrous or slightly
pubescent, 1 to 1i in. broad, the lobes inflated. Seeds apparently without

: any arillus.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, known as “ Tulipwood,” Fraser, A. Cunningham ; Wide
Bay, C. Moore ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Broad Sound, Thozet,
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore.

14. AKANTA, Hook. f.

Flowers regular, hermaphrodite (or polygamous ?). Calyx campanulate,
with 5 short lobes, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, without any inner scale,
Disk adnate to the base of the calyx. Stamens 5 to 10, inserted within the

Ovary 3-celled, contracted into a thickish style, with a capitate stigma ;
ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit not seen.— Tree. Leaves pinnate. Panicles
loose, axillary or terminal.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, allied to Harpullia, but
very different in the calyx and disk.

l. A. Hillii, Hook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 409. An elegant
tree of 30 to 40 ft., glabrous except the panicle. Leaves often above 2 ft.
long ; leaflets numerous, lanceolate, acutely acuminate, often above 8 in, long,
bordered with acute often pungent serratures, rounded at the base and shortly
petiolulate, coriaceous, light green, shining above, marked underneath (in the
dried state) within each areola of the smaller reticulations with 3 or 4
round ovate or reniform dots. Panicles long, loose, and little branched.
Pedicels long and slender. Calyx tomentose, about 2 lines long, the lobes
rounded, with thin edges. Petals inserted near the base of the calyx outside
the disk. Anthers oblong.— Cupania lucens, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 44,

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Leichhardt; Pine river, W. Hill.
N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Beckler ; Richmond river, C. Moore. `

472 XXXVIII. SAPINDACER.

15. DODON ÆA, Linn.
(Empleurosma, Baré/.)

Flowers polygamous or unisexual, often dicecious. Sepals 5 or sometimes
fewer, valvate in the bud. Petals none. Disk small or inconspicuous, Sta-
mens usually 8, sometimes fewer, rarely 10; filaments very short, anthers
ovoid or linear-oblong. Ovary 3- or 4-, rarely 5- or 6-celled, with 2 ovules
in each cell; style short or, in some flowers, very long, shortly lobed at the
end. Capsule membranous or coriaceous, opening septicidally in as many
valves as cells, each valve with a dorsal angle often produced into a vertical
wing, and in falling off leaving the dissepiment attached to the-persistent axis,
or rarely the dissepiment splitting and remaining attached to the valves, thus
closing the carpels and leaving only the central filiform axis persistent.
Seeds 1 or 2, nearly globular or more frequently compressed, with a thickened
funicle, but not arillate ; testa erustaceous ; embryo spirally curled.—Shrubs,
often tall, but scarcely truly arborescent; the young shoots usually viscid,
and often the whole plant. Leaves simple or pinnate, with small leaflets,
with or without a terminal odd one. Flowers terminal or axillary by the
abortion of the flowering branches, solitary, clustered, or in short racemes or

panicles.

With the exception of D. viscosa, which is widely dispersed over almost all hot countries, +

and possibly one distinet Sandwich Island species, one from S. Africa, and one or two from
Mexico, the Dodoneas are all endemic in Australia, and very difficult to distinguish by

itive characters. The form of the wings of the capsule, which has been much relied on,
is as variable as that of the leaves, and the species, which at first sight appear the most dis-
tinct, often pass one into the other by the most insensible gradations. Even the exceptional
dehiscence of the capsule, in those species where the dissepiments are carried off with the
valves, appears sometimes to be not quite constant, and is at most a purely artificial cha-
racter separating species in all other respects very closely allied. Several species have in
some, occasionally in nearly all the female flowers, a remarkably long style, sometimes $ to
1 in., whilst other female flowers on the same specimen, or on other specimens of the same
species, have no style at all, the stigma or stigmatic surface sessile on the ovary.

SERIES I. Cyclopterse.—Leaves entire, toothed. or rarely lobed. Wings of the cap-
sule extending from the base to the style or nearly so, each carpel, including its wing,
nearly orbicular or longer than broad.

Leaves flat, elliptical, oblong-lanceolate or spathulate or, if linear, not
filiform, entire or obscurely sinuate, usually above 2 in. long,
rarely between 1 and 2 in.
Young branches very angular. Seeds smooth and shining. Leaf-
veins indistinet.
Sepals miuute. Antherslinear . . . . . . . . . . 1. D. triquetra.
emet 1 to 14 lines long, from half as long to as long as the
anthers s UU 8 4 1 o 5d Lt. a 3. . el
Young branches very angular. Seeds opaque. Leaves long and
narrow, often serrate . . . . pa. 52.9.38 D Mam
Young branches terete or slightly angular. Seeds opaque.
Leaves oval-oblong, on a rather long petiole, rounded at the base 8. D. petiolaris.
Leaves narrowed into the petiole, the lateral veins more or less
conspicuous.
Leaves elliptical-oblong, lanceolate orspathulate, rarely almost
Hinsareouneatt Tree Oe ee uA
Leaves narrow, linear-cuneate or long and linear

2. D. lanceolata.

. 4. D. viscosa.
. Db. D. attenuata.

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACER. "$18

Leaves flat, more or less cuneate, entire or toothed at the end, rarely
exceeding 14 in., and usually under 1 in.
Much-branched, ereet or divaricate shrubs. Terminal flowers
clustered or shortly racemose.
Leaves broad-cuneate, rounded or truncate at the end . . . . 6. D. cuneata.
Leaves narrow-cuneate, rather acute, acuminate or 3-toothed at
the end et Laat Sh quip. dimora eae (£o mia
Prostrate shrub. Leaves rather narrow-cuneate, mostly toothed or
lobed. Flowers solitary. . . - . + «+ s + «+ 2 B. D. procumbens.

Leaves linear-filiform, heath-like or pine-like. Cer
Leaves crowded, under L in. Jong 2. 0. . . . . ee eer 9. D. ericifolia.
Leaves 1 to 3 in. long; not crowded . . . . . . . . . . 10. D. filifolia.

Leaves linear or lanceolate, mostly serrate or pinnatifid.

Branches terete or nearly so. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, ob-
tuse, mostly under lb in. Jeng . . ee e . 1l. D. lobulata.
Branches very angular. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostly 2 EE

EE E ee

Serres IT. Platypterse.—Leaves quite entire, flat. Wings of the capsule very diver-

gent or divaricate, not reaching to the style nor to the base, each carpel, including its
wing, broader than long, transversely ovate or oblong.

Leaves linear or lanceolate. Branches very angular. Dissepiments :
persisting on the axis dai aU cL PERLE UM S ERU EE I D TIS
ssepiments splitting and coming off with the valves.

Leaves oblong-elliptical EEN ee n
EE NONE os e € ue SOR LES CEN À
Series II. Cornutse.— Leaves entire or toothed at the end, the margins revolute or
rarely flat. Wings of the capsule reduced to erect or divergent, usually falcate, horn-like
appendages at the upper outer angle of the carpels. dE
Leaves narrow-linear or subulate. . . . . e . 16. D. pinifolia.
Leaves oblong or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, 4 to l in. long . . . . 17. D. ceratocarpa.
ves linear or cuneate, acute or 3-toothed, 2 to 4 lines long . . 18. D. divaricata.
ves broadly ovate or orbieular, mostly toothed . . . . . 22, D. Baueri.

Series IV. Apterze.— Leaves entire or toothed. Capsule without wings, or the angles
slightly and irregularly dilated into very narrow wings.
Leaves flat, cuneate or obovate, rigid.
Sepals lanceolate. Buds ovoid or globular. —
Dissepiments persisting on the axis of the fruit. :
Branches scarcely angled. Leaves oen — oer diary.
pubesce e mus ^
ean mees Serie: ER E trinngulasis,
Branches acutely angled. Leaves obovate, glabrous. Ra- Cor a
cemes short, terminal. Sepals. broad-lanceolate . . . 90. D. aptera.
Dissepiments splitting and coming off with the valves. Branches "T dii
. terete. Leaves obovate or oblong, glabrous . . - + « 9l. D. bursarifolia.

Sepals broad-ovate. Buds very angular.

Erect divaricate shrub. Leaves obovate or orbicular, usually *
toothed: 6°. uh, as . o. + 22. D. Bauen.

Prostrate shrub. Leaves oblong-cuneate, often 3-toothed . 98. D. Ze.

ves short, linear, with recurved or revolute margins.
Quite glabrous. Stamens usually 6 . . . . . s s . 94. D. hexandra.
Hoary-tomeutose, at least the capsules, rarely almost glabrous. EE
Stimmen gally B $e ous EE Ee, y

i ji imple ones at the base

Sers V. Pinnatse.— Leaves all pinnate or very rarely a Jew simp g d
of the branches. Capsule of the Cycloptere, except in D. oxyptera and D. inzequifolia,

where it approaches that of ihe Platypteræ, and in D. humilis, where tt ts apterous.

7. D. peduncularis.

. 14. D. platyptera.
. 15. D. stenophylla.

*

474 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEJ. [ Dodonea.

Tall shrubs or small trees. Leaflets flat, oblong, lanceolate or obovate,
not coriaceous. Racemes or panicles terminal, loose.
Leaflets usually numerous, lanceolate or oblong. Capsule not in-
flated, the wings broad.
Leaflets à in. or less; rhachis scarcely winged. Sepals 3 to 4
Himes tong. e 3s bal aed 3» 4e wo ic eg ac MÉ A poyga,
Leaflets } to 1 in. ; rhachis broadly winged. Sepals 1 to 14 lines 27. D. megazyga.
Leaflets few, obovate or oblong. Capsule large and inflated . . 28. D. physocarpa.
Much-branched, leafy shrubs. Pedicels solitary or clustered (race-
mose in D. multijuga and D pinnata).
Leaflets obovate, euneate or oblong, often toothed, the margins
usually recurved or revolute. Plant usually pubescent or vil-
lous (except D. humilis).
Capsule winged, hirsute at least when young.
Villous. Leaflets 7 to 20 or more ; rhachis winged. Sepals
acuminate. Capsule-wings rounded.
Pedicels long, clustered . . . . . Me gers . 99. D. vestita.
Pedicels very short. Raceme terminal . . . . . . 30. D. pinnata.
Pubescent. Leaflets 3 to 7; rhachis angular. Pedicels short.
Sepals obtuse. Capsule-wings acutangular . . . . . 31. D. oxyptera.
Capsule not winged, covered with long, glandular setz. Leaflets
deeply toothed, glabrous. Flowers in dense corymbose clusters 82. D. humilis.
Capsule winged, glabrous or very sparingly pubescent. Plant
pubescent or rarely glabrous. dëi mie
Leaflets usually under 11. Pedicels short, clustered . . . 33. D. boroniefolia.
Leaflets usually above 15. Flowers racemose. :
Racemes loose. Pedicels slender . . . . . . . . 34 D. multijuga.
Racemes dense. Pedicels very short . . . . . . . 80. D. pinnata.
Leaflets linear-terete or linear-oblong. Plant glabrous, viscid.
Leaflets linear-oblong, flat, numerous. Capsules broadly winged 35. D. /arreoides.
Leaflets narrow-linear, convex underneath. Capsules small.
Capsule-wings very divaricate; dissepiments remaining on the
axis. Leaflets above 15 "aa we med da MW EIE LL LU
Capsule-wings rounded ; dissepiments splitting and coming off .
with the valves. Leaflets under 15. . . . . . . . 87. D. adenophora.
Leaflets almost terete, not thicker than the common petiole.
Capsules rather large, the wings rounded.
Leaflets few, distant. Pedicels solitary . . . . . . . 38. D. stenozyga.
Leaflets several, crowded. Pedicels shortly racemose . . . 39. D. concinna.
(D. heterophylla, Colla, and D. scabra, Lodd., inserted in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, as
Australian plants, are unknown to me, nor can I fiud any description of them. They are
probably garden names giveii to some of the species here enumerated.)

Serres I. CYCLOPTERÆ.— Leaves entire, toothed, or rarely lobed. Wings
of the capsule extending from the base to the style, or nearly so; each
carpel, including its wing, nearly orbicular, or longer than broad. Dissepi-
ments persistent on the axis.

In the following 12 species, great as is the diversity in the size of the capsule and the
precise shape of the wings, these differences afford no specific characters, and are often very
difficult to class as varieties, even when perfectly ripe and well-formed capsules are obtained ;
aud the shape of the wing often alters much during growth, or is apparently affected by
the manner in which the capsule has ripened. The very shining seeds distinguish 2 species,
but where they are usually opaque they sometimes are somewhat shining. There remains
little but the very uncertain character sderived from foliage to separate all these species, which
are yet much too constantly dissimilar to be united into one.

P 1. D. triquetra, 4dr. Bot. Hep. t. 230. Erect, usually tall,

glabrous,

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACE. 415

not very viscid, the young branches flattened or angular. Leaves from oval-
elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 in. long, the pin-
nate and reticulate veinlets few and fine, usually scarcely conspicuous. Pedicels
slender, in short, oblong, compact paiicles or racemes. Sepals minute, rarely
2 line long. Anthers linear, often 1} lines long. Styles, when long, attaining
zin. Capsule of D. viscosa, usually middle-sized. Seeds brown, very smooth
and shining.—DQO. Prod. i. 617; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 75, and Pl. Vict. i.
226.— D. laurina, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 152.— D. longipes, G.
Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674 (from the character given).

Queensland. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, Fitzalan.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 991 and
212, and others; northward to Clarence and Hastings rivers, Beck/er, and New England,

C. Stuart ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller. 3
, Victoria. Barren declivities and granite rocks of Genoa Peak, and elsewhere in the
vieinity of Genoa river, F. Mueller.
The Fiji Island plant referred by A. Gray and Seemann to D. triquetra, appears to me to
one of the common forms of D. viscosa.

?. D. lanceolata, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 13. Very closely allied to D.
triquetra, with the same angular branches, smooth, almost veinless leaves,
slender pedicels, and very shining seeds, and scarcely distinguishable except
by the sepals, which are from 1 to 14 lines long. The leaves are perhaps
generally rather narrower, and the capsule-wings broader, but neither of these
characters can be relied upon.

N. Australia. Capstan Island, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham (the specimens rather
doubtful, not being in fruit) ; Victoria river and Sea range, A. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf

of Carpentaria, f. Brown. :
sland. Northumberland Islands, R. Brown ; Cape Cleveland, 4. Cunningham ;

Sunday Island, M‘Gillivray ; Palm Island, Henne ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
N.S. Wales. Clarence river, Bechler.

3? D. petiolaris, F. Muell. Fragm. iii. 13. The single fragment in
F. Mueller’s herbarium has a few small oval-oblong leaves, veined as in D.
viscosa, but much less narrowed at the base, on petioles of 2 or 3 lines. The
single capsule is not yet full-grown, but, in that state, does not appear at all
different from the larger varieties of D. viscosa, of which this plant may pro-

bly prove to be a variety.

N. S. Wales. Desert on the Darling river, Neilson (Hb. F. Muell).

4. D. viscosa, Linn.; DC. Prod.i. 616. A shrub, sometimes low and
stunted, more frequently tall, glabrous, and usually more or less viscid, the
young branches frequently compressed or somewhat triangular, but much less
so than in D. £riguetra. “Leaves simple, varying from broadly oblong-lanceo-
late, acute or acuminate, and 3 or 4 in. long, to narrow-lanceolate, or oblong-
cuneate and very obtuse or almost linear-cuneate, always narrowed into a
more or less distinct petiole, entire or obscurely sinuate, or rarely almost
3-toothed at the end, the pinnate veins usually rather numerous and very

ivergent, sometimes scarcely conspicuous. Panicles or racemes usually short
and terminal, or reduced to axillary clusters. Sepals ovate, usually as long
4S or rather longer than the oblong obtuse anthers. Style rarely lengthened
out. Capsule very variable in size, the wings continued from the base to the

476 - XXXVIII. SAPINDACER. [ Dodonea.

style, or nearly so, either equally rounded at the top and at the base or
more contracted at the base. Seeds rather Jarge, dark-coloured or black,
opaque or scarcely shining.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 55; F. Muell. Pl. Vict.
i. 85.

N. Australia. Apparently rare, but some specimens from the N.W. coast, Bynoe,
probably belong to this species.

Queensland. Cumberland Islands, R. Brown; Endeavour river, Banks ; Rodd's Bay
and Rockingham Bay, 4. Cunningham ; Cape Upstart and Port Curtis, J4*Gillivray ; Rock-
hampton, Zhozet ; Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Cunningham, and others.

W. S. Wales. From the borders of Queensland, Bechler, C. Stuart, and others, to
Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Rocky, scrubby, stony, and sandy localities, widely and copiously distributed
over the colony, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common in poor soil, especially near the coast, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Apparently common, at least in the eastern parts of the colony, Herd.
Mueller, and others.

W. Australia. Blackwood river, Oldfield.

The species is abundantly distributed over tropical America, Africa, and Asia, extending

to the Pacific Islands, and southward, beyond the tropics, to S. Africa and New Zealand. It
includes probably the whole of the extra-Australian described Dodoncas, except, perhaps,
the D. eriocarpa from the Sandwich Islands, D. Thunbergiana, Ecki. and Zeyh., from S.
Africa, and one or two Mexican ones, which, whether varieties or species, do not occur in
Australia. The almost protean forms the species assumes in Australia, even after deducting
D. attenuata, D. cuneata, and D. megazyga, which F. Mueller unites with it, are very difi-
eult to distribute into definite varieties, although at least the three following are usually consi-
dered as species.
a, vulgaris. Usuallytall. Leaves large, obovate-oblong, broadly lanceolate or lanceolate,
acuminate or rarely obtuse, the pinnate veins usually numerous and prominent. Capsules
large, with rather broad wings, much rounded above and at the base, the terminal sinus (be-
tween 2 opposite wings) narrow, each carpel, including its wing, longer than broad.—D.
viscosa, Liun., aud D. Burmanniana, DC.; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 127, with the syno-
nyms adduced; A. Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 182; Wight, Illustr. t. 52.— The most common form
iu America and tropical Africa, extending in Asia as far north as Scinde and Affghanistan,
also in the Pacific islands ; and to this fcrm belong most of the tropical Australian species as
well as some from Hastings river, Becker. Some specimens from Endeavour river, both in
the Banksian and in Cuuningham's collections, are remarkable for their thick, obscurely
veined leaves.

b. angustifolia. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, mostly long and acutely acuminate, much nar-
rowed at the base, the veins usually conspicuous. Capsules small, with very broad wings, leaving
the terminal sinus very open and sometimes narrowed at the base, each carpel, including its
wing, orbicularor rather broader than long, although much less so than in the P/atyptere.—D.

ifolia, Swartz; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 128, with the synonyms adduced ; Lam. Ill. t.
304, n. 2, and consequently D. salicifolia, DC. Prod. i. 617, supposed to be from New Holland ;
D. neriifolia, A. Cunn. in A. Gray, Bot. Am. Expl. Exped. i. 262.— This variety has nearly the
same range within the tropics as the large-fruited one, and occasionally is found to pass iuto it.
In Australia it includes many Queensland specimens, and is the cominon form in N. S, Wales
collections. It oceurs also in W. Australia, but in Victoria, S. Australia, and Tasmania, as
in N. Zealand, it tends rather to pass into the spathulate-leaved form. D. umbellata and D.
Kingii, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674, from the characters given, belong probably to this
variety.

e. spathulata. Usually a more bushy and not so tall a shrub as the preceding varieties,
often very viscid. Leaves shorter (although much longer than iu D. cuneata), obovate-ob-
long, oblong-cuneate, spathulate, oblanceolate or broadly linear-euneate, usually obtuse or
sometimes truncate, the lateral veins usually conspicuous, bnt in some thick-leaved specimens
scarcely more so than in D. cuneata, Capsules very variable, but generally intermediate be-

tween those of the var. vulgaris aud angustifolia, but nearer to the former.— D. spathulata, .

Sm. in Rees, Cycl, xii. ; DC. Prod. i. 616; D. conferta, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674; D.

D

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACE. 477

viscosa, var. asplenifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 55.— This is the commonest, perhaps the
only form, in Vietoria, Tasmania, and S. Australia, and I have seen N. S. Wales specimens
from Port Jackson, and northward to New England, Mount Mitchell, and Mount Aiton. It
is the prevalent form in New Zealand, and some of the Sandwich Island specimens can be
precisely matched in Australia. D. oblongifolia, Link, as figured in Bot. Reg. t. 1051,
appears to represent rather a short-leaved form of this variety than a long-leaved D. cuneata.
D. asplenifolia, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 297, t. 20, DC. Prod. i. 617, judging
from N. S. Wales specimens agreeing with the figure, although not authentically named, is
an apparently rare form with liuear-cuneate, 3-toothed leaves, resembling those of luxuriant
drawn-up shoots of D. cuneata, but longer.

5. D. attenuata, 4. Cunn. in Field, N: S. Wales, 353. A viscid shrub,
closely resembling the narrowest-leaved forms of D. viscosa on the one hand,
and almost passing into D. lobulata on the other. Leaves linear or narrowly
linear-cuneate, obtuse, often slightly sinuate-toothed, rather thick and rigid,
l-nerved, the lateral veins inconspicuous, 14 to 21 in. long in the original
.. form, but sometimes longer. Flowers and ovate sepals of D. viscosa, in short
_ usually simple racemes. Capsule of D. viscosa, usually intermediate between

.. the extremes of the varieties a and Ä of that species. Seeds opaque.— Bot.

— Mag, t. 2860; D. Preissiana, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 226; F. Muell. Fragm.
172.

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, A. Cvnninyham and others, and apparently common
Ren in the Darling and Murray desert, Mutanie ranges, Mount Brown, etc., Heri. F.

ueller,

Victoria. In the Murray desert and N.W. interior, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. ‘Towards Spencer's Gulf, Warburton. 3

WP. Australia. Mount Hardy, near York, Preiss, n. 2437 ; between Swan River
and King George's Sound, Drummond, 4th Coll., n. 257 ; in the interior, Roe. The latter

Specimens have narrower, more rigid wings to the capsule, and more coriaceous leaves.

Var. linearis. Leaves long, narrow-linear, mostly acute, rigid, the margins often re-
curved. Capsule (only seen in few specimens) rather small, but with the terminal sinus be-
tween the wings narrow.—New England, C. Stuart ; Mitta-Mitta, Genoa and Buchan rivers
; in Victoria, F, Mueller; Kangaroo Island, Waterhouse, Sealy ; Swan River, Drummond,
ae E The foliage nearly resembles that of D. stenophylla, which has a very different

; ule,

6. D. cuneata, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 296, t. 19. A much-
branched bushy shrub, glabrous, and usually viscid. Leaves obovate or
Cuneate, usually 2 to 1 in. long and rather broad, rarely narrow-cuneate,
attaining 11 in., rounded, truncate, emarginate or 3-toothed at the end,
Otherwise entire or rarely obscurely toothed, gradually narrowed into a very
short petiole, thin or coriaceous ; the lateral veins rarely conspicuous. ë
cemes short, terminal, scarcely branched, with slender pedicels, or the flowers
few in axillary clusters. Sepals ovate-oblong, and capsules of D. viscosa, the
Wings usually not very broad and rather rigid, with the terminal sinus open.
—DC. Prod. i. 617. `
eenslan i n Bay, F. Mueller.
Ke Wales. pargist ag diam aud pem Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson ;

ing and Murray desert, Victorian Erpedition. ; :
= _ Victoria. In the Grampians and Buffalo ranges, Wimmera and Murray rivers, F.
~ Mueller, including a var. coriacea, with small, obovate, coriaceous leaves and small capsules
` With broad wings, and a var. rigida, with small, rigid, mostly obovate leaves, short pedicels,
"ud rather large capsules with narrow wings. Luxuriant narrow-leaved N. S. Wales speci-

478 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEJE. [Dodonea.

mens occasionally almost pass into some unusual forms of D. viscosa spathulata, and the
smaller forms come very near to D. peduncularis.

7. D. peduncularis, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 861. A very
much branched glabrous and viscid shrub, closely allied to D. cuneata, the
smaller branches terete, slender but rigid. Leaves from linear-cuneate to
broadly spathulate, either acute or very shortly acuminate or rounded or
truncate at the end, and often 3-toothed, } to $ in., or very rarely (when
narrow) l in. long, coriaceous and rigid, l-nerved, the margins often thick-
ened, the lateral veins inconspicuous. Pedicels rather slender, mostly axillary,
solitary or clustered, or in short terminal racemes. Sepals ovate, thicker than
in D. cuneata. Capsule of D. viscosa.—.D. pubescens, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop.
Austr. 342 (the supposed pubescence apparently a mistake).

Queensland. Near Lindley’s Range and on the Maranoa, Mitchell.
N.S. Wales. Eurylean scrub in the N.W. interior, Liverpool plains, Hastings river,

etc., Fraser, A. Cunningham.

8. D. procumbens, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 8, and Pl. Viet.
i. 86. A low, diffuse or prostrate, much-branched shrub, glabrous and
scarcely viscid. Leaves crowded, linear-cuneate, spathulate or almost trian-
gular, mostly acute and often coarsely 3- to 5-toothed or lobed, about $ or
rarely 3 in. long, coriaceous, l-nerved, the lateral veins usually inconspicuous.
Flowers mostly solitary, on short terminal pedicels. Sepals lanceolate. Style
much more frequently elongated than in other species, often attaining nearly
l in. Capsule oblong, the angles produced into wings rounded at the top
and base as in D. viscosa, but much narrower and not so thin. Seeds not
seen.

Victoria. Subalpine and boggy plains, at the base of Mount Sturgeon and Mount
Abrupt, and stony barren ridges near Snowy River, F. Mueller ; also in Metchell’s lst Coll.

S. Australia. Clayey banks, eighteen miles W. of Glenelg river, Rodertson.

F. Mueller describes the capsules as wingless, probably considering the wings, on account
of their thickness, as angles of the capsule; but they appear to me in this respect very much
like those of the rigid varieties of D. cuneata. These wings are indeed the chief character,
besides the narrower sepals, to separate this species from D. humifusa.

9. D. ericifolia, G. Do», Gen. Syst. i. 674. A heath-like, low but
erect shrub, with numerous virgate branches, glabrous and sometimes viscid.
Leaves usually crowded, narrow-linear, rather obtuse, 4 to $ in. long, nerve-
less and sometimes almost filiform. Flowers few, in very short racemes or
clusters in the upper axils or terminating short branchlets. Sepals lanceolate,
shorter than the anthers. Capsule of D. viscosa, with rather broad wings.
Seeds opaque.—D. salsolifolia, A. Cunn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 251; Hook. f.
Fl. Tasm. i. 55.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; banks of rivers, ete., Launceston, New Nor-
folk, ete., not uncommon, J. D. Hooker. The station, Port Jackson, usually given ou the
authority of plauts raised in Kew Gardens, is, I believe, erroneous'; the seeds were probably
from Fraser, who gathered the plant on the S. Esk river in Tasmania. D. filiformis, Link,
DC. Prod. i. 617, a garden plant of unknown origin, may be the same species, but too im-
perfectly characterized to justify the taking up the name.

10. D. filifolia, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 241. Erect, glabrous,
and slightly viscid; branches slender, terete or scarcely angular. Leaves
narrow-linear, almost filiform, terete or slightly flattened, often incurved, ob-

Dodonea.} XXXVII. SAPINDACER. 479

tuse or scarcely mucronate, 1 to 3 in. long, quite entire. Racemes very few-
flowered, the pedicels rather long. Sepals lanceolate, about as long as the
anthers. Capsule of D. viscosa.—D. acerosa, Lindl, in Mitch. Trop. Austr.
273; F. Muell. Fragm. i. 71.

Queensland. Newcastle ranges, between the Suttor and Burdekin rivers, F. Mueller ;
stony gullies near Mount Mudge, Mitchell.

EF: D lobulata, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxv. 372. Closely allied on the
one hand to D. attenuata and on the other to D. ptarmicifolia, glabrous and
viscid, the branchlets scarcely angular. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, ob-
tuse, mostly 1 to 2 in. long, obtusely serrate or pinnatifid with short obtuse
callous lobes, coriaceous and rigid, the midrib scarcely conspicuous. Flowers
few, in short racemes, the pedicels rather slender. Sepals thin, broadly
ovate. Capsule of the smaller forms of D. viscosa, the wings not very broad.
Seeds smooth and shining.

N.S. Wales. Lachlan river, Fraser, 4. Cunningham; between the Lachlan and
Darling rivers, Burkitt ; Mutanie ranges and Mount Goginga, Victorian Expedition,

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown; Flinders and Elder's ranges, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. In the interior, Roe. There are also some specimens of Drummond's
Which may belong to this species, with several of the leaves deeply 2- or 3-lobed, but they
are evidently abnormal, the flowers being also monstrous with deformed stamens.

12. D. ptarmicifolia, Zurez. in Bull. Mose. 1852, ii. 155. A tall
shrub, glabrous and sometimes very viscid, the young branches very angular.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, acute or with a callous tip, from 13 to 2
Along in some specimens, 4 to 5 in. in others, sinuate-toothed, serrate or
sometimes entire, gradually narrowed into a petiole, 1-nerved, the lateral veins
conspicuous. Flowers usually rather numerous, in short terminal racemes
or panicles. Sepals ovate, about as long as the obtuse anthers. Capsule as
m the var. angustifolia of D. viscosa, rather small, with broad wings, the
E sinus rather open. Seeds opaque.— . denticulata, F. Muell. Fragm.
L 27.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 248, Gardner river, Herb. F. Mueller (with
short, regularly serrate leaves) ; Kojonerup Valley, Herd. F. Mueller (with long sinuate-

toothed leaves). .

Var. (2) subintegra. Scarcely viscid. Leaves long, entire or slightly toothed —W. Aus-
tralia, Drummond, n. 204 and 205. These specimens are in flower only, and resemble
hatrow-leaved forms of D. zruacatiales. The species is very near to D. viscosa angusti-

folia, but with narrower leaves and the angular branches of D. Zruncatiales, and differs from

both in the leaves usually toothed.

SERIES II. PrATYPTERE.— Leaves quite entire, flat. Wings of the cap-
sule very divergent or divaricate, not reaching to the style nor to the base,
m carpel including its wing, broader than long, transversely ovate or ob-

ng.
13. D. truncatiales, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 143, and Pl. Vict. i. 226.
A tall glabrous shrub, scarcely viscid, the younger branches acutely angular.

aves narrow-lanceolate or linear, rather acute, 2 to 4 or even 5 in. long,
narrowed into a short petiole, entire or obscurely sinuate-toothed, the lateral
veins little conspicuous. Racemes and flowers of D. viscosa. Sepals ovate,
Usually broad and nearly as long as the anthers. Capsule 4- or rarely 3-

480 XXXVIII. SAPINDACES. [ Dodonaea.

lobed, flat at the top, the wings oblong, very diverging, not extending to the
base of the carpels. Dissepiments remaining attached to the axis as in all
the preceding species, or occasionally deciduous, but not splitting as in the `
two following species.— D. calycina, A. Cunn. Herb. ; A. Gray, Bot. Amer.
Expl. Exped. i. 262.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; frequent in the Blue Mountains, Croker's
Range, and to the southward, Fraser, A. Cunningham, and others; Towamba and Yowaka
rivers, F. Mueller. :

Victoria. Wooded banks of Genoa river, F. Mueller.

14. D. platyptera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 73. A tall shrub with the
habit of the larger forms of D. viscosa, glabrous and viscid. Leaves elliptical-
oblong or broadly lanceolate, rather obtuse, 14 to 24 in. long, entire, almost
coriaceous, the pinnate veins rather numerous, but very fine, narrowed into
a short petiole. Petals few, slender, in short racemes. Sepals narrow-ovate.
Capsule flat at the top, the wings very diverging, obovate-oblong, not reach-
ing to the style nor to the base of the carpels; dissepiments splitting and
falling off with the valves, leaving only the filiform axis persistent.

` N. Australia. Cygnet Bay, N.W. coast, 4. Cunningham; Fitzmaurice river, F.
Mueller. The specimens are not satisfactory. F. Mueller’s have no flowers and only a few
fruits; in A. Cunningham’s the flowers are mostly fallen off, and I found amongst the
capsules only one far enough advanced to identify them.

15. D. stenophylla, F. Muell Fragm. i. 72. Glabrous and viscid.
Leaves narrow-linear, rigid, 2 to 3 in. long, the margins usually thickened
and entire. Flowers of D. viscosa, in short loose racemes or almost cymose
panicles. Sepals ovate. Capsule small, the wings broadly oblong or obo-
vate, diverging, not reaching to the style nor to the base of the carpels; dis-
sepiments splitting and falling off with the valves, leaving only the filiform
axis persistent.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Burdekin river, F. Mueller ; Comet river,

Leichhardt. Yn flower, this species is scarcely to be distinguished from D. attenuata, var.
linearis; but the fruit is very different,

Serres ITI. Cornut#.—Leaves entire or toothed at the end, the margins
revolute or rarely flat. Wings of the capsule reduced to erect or divergent,
usually faleate, horn-like appendages at the upper outer angle of the carpels.

. 16. D. pinifolia, Mig. in Pl. Preiss. i. 927. A low shrub, with nume-
rous divaricate or dichotomous branches, slender but rigid, terete or slightly
angular, viscid when young. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, obtuse or scarcely
acute, in some specimens all under 3 in., in others exceeding 1 in., the mar-
gins revolute, entire or with a few teeth or short lobes when luxuriant. Flowers
solitary or rarely 2 together, the males sessile, the females often shortly pedi-
cellate. Sepals lanceolate. Anthers 6 to 8. Capsules 3 to 4 lines long,
obtusely angled, the angles usually produced on the upper outer edge into
Ex erect, horn-like wings.—mpleurosma virgata, Bartl. in Pl. Preiss. 8-

28.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n. 117; York district, Preiss, n. 21607,
and 2438 ; Gordon river and Murchison river, Oldfield. |
— Var. submutica. Branches more angular; capsules apparently almost without horns, but `
not perfect in our specimens, Drummond, 4th Coll. n. 255,

Dodonea.] XXXVIIl. SAPINDACE. 481

17. D. ceratocarpa, Lndl. in Hueg. Enum. 13. An erect or divaricate
rigid shrub, the ‘smaller branches virgate, acutely angled or almost winged,
glabrous and often viscid. Leaves narrow-obovate oblong or narrow-cuneate,
obtuse or acute, 2 to 14 in. long, entire or when luxuriant sometimes 2- or
3-toothed, narrowed into a very short petiole, rather coriaceous, a few lateral
veins sometimes conspicuous underneath, the margins usually recurved.
Flowers on very short pedicels, few together in very short terminal leafy ra-
cemes or axillary clusters. Sepals broad, thin and almost petal-like, above 1
line long, the buds very angular. Style occasionally elongated. Capsule 2
to 3 lines long, glabrous, 4-angled, the angles produced at the upper outer
edge into erect horn-like lanceolate or falcate wings, l to 2 lines long.—D.
Plerocaulis, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 225.

W. Australia. Bald Head and Goose Island Bay, R. Brown ; King George's Sound
and towards Cape Riche, 4. Cunningham, Drummond, n. 102, and 5th Coll. n. 246, 247,
Preiss, n. 2440, and others.

18. D. divaricata, Benth. A low shrub, with divaricate branches, the
smaller ones slender but rigid and sometimes almost spinescent, terete,
glabrous or minutely pubescent and viscid. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, 2
to 4 lines or rarely 4 in. long, entire or 3-lobed, rigid, with revolute margins.
Flowers not seen. Capsules sessile or nearly so, obtusely 3- or 4-angled,
often hirsute on the back, the outer angles produced into long lanceolate or
faleate horn-like wings.

ar: Australia. Between Moore and Murchison rivers, Drummond, n. 96, and 4th
ll. n. 256.

SERIES IV, Aprerm.—Leaves entire or toothed. Capsules without wings,
or the angles slightly and irregularly dilated into very narrow wings. Dis-
Sepiments persistent on the axis, except in D. dursarifolia.

19. D. triangularis, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 219 (male plant).

An erect shrub of 3 to 4 ft., glabrous, pubescent or softly villous. Leaves
vate cuneate or almost triangular, rounded truncate or Lët at the

end, or very rarely elliptical-oblong, 3 to 1 in. or rarely 1$ in. long, coria-
ceous, l-nerved, the lateral veins quite inconspicuous. Flowers axillary,
solitary or clustered, on short pedicels. Sepals narrow-lanceolate, rather
thick. Anthers as in D. triquetra, narrow, acuminate, exceeding the calyx.
Capsule glabrous or pubescent, 3- or 4-angled, the angles rarely dilated
towards the top into very narrow wings; dissepiments remaining attached to
the axis, or very rarely deciduous but not splitting. —.D. mollis, Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 212 (with pubescent capsules); D. trigona, Lindl. Le
236 (with glabrous capsules); D. Lindleyana, F. Muell. Pl. Vict..i. 88. ,

Queensland. Suttor river, F. Mueller ; near Mount Owen, Mount Faraday, and
Mautuan Downs, Mitchell ; near Brisbane and Iroubark forest, LeichAardt.

N.S. Wales. W. branches of Hunter's River, A. Cunningham.

? ated ft., gla-
20. D. aptera, Mig. in Pl. Preiss. i. 225. A shrub of 2 to 5 ft., gl
rous and ‘lightly, nau the young branches very ez angie.
Leaves obovate, very obtuse or obcordate, mostly 1 to 15 or bip s m. long,
entire, narrowed into a petiole, coriaceous, 1-nerved, the late e o
spicuous. Racemes terminal, short, few-flowered. Sepals broad Y SS e,
VOL. I.

482 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEA. [ Dodonaea,

1 to 14 lines long, rather thick. Anthers narrow-oblong. Style often elon-
«gated. Capsule slightly 3- or 4-angled, not winged, glabrous, 3 or 4 lines
long, the persistent dissepiments broad. Seeds ovoid, smooth, and rather
shining.—D. sororia, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 225.
WV. Australia. Swan River and Rottenest Island, Preiss, n. 28388 and 2439, Drum-
mond, Coll. 1844, n. 231 and 232, and others ; Bonache Island, Fraser. I can perceive no dif.
ference between the two forms described by Miquel. The fruit-pedicels vary from 8 to 8 lines.

` 21. D. bursarifolia, Behr and F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i. 8.
A glabrous much-branched shrub, scarcely viscid, the smaller branches slender,
terete or scarcely angled. Leaves from obovate to oblong-cuneate or oblong,
usually obtuse, under } in. or rarely $ in. long, entire, coriaceous, the lateral
veins inconspicuous. Pedicels short, solitary or 2 or 3 together, axillary or
terminal. Sepals narrow-lanceolate.' Anthers oblong, usually exceeding the
calyx. Styles often elongated. Capsule 4 to 5 lines long, 3- or 4-angled,
either not winged or with very narrow wings; dissepiments splitting and
falling off with the valves, leaving only the filiform axis persistent.—F. Muell.
PL Vict. i. 57; t. 8.

Victoria. Murray desert, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Pine Forest, near Salt Creek, Behr; barren ridges and dry scrubby
plains, near St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller.

WV. Australia. In the interior, Drummond, n. 14 and 187.

Var. (1 major. Leaves rather longer and not so broad in proportion, very rarely coarsely
toothed. Fruit not seen, and therefore the species doubtful.—Sharks Bay and Dirk Hartog’s
Island, Milne.

22. D. Baueri, Dud, in Hueg. Enum. 13. A small or spreading shrub,
with short slender but rigid branches, glabrous and more or less viscid.
Leaves broadly ovate, obovate or almost orbicular, obtuse or truncate, usually
slightly sinuate-toothed, mostly 4 to 6 lines long, coriaceous, 1-nerved, the
lateral veins inconspicuous. Pedicels short, recurved, axillary and solitary
or few in a short terminal raceme. Sepals broadly ovate, rather thick. Cap-
gule small, 3- or 4-angled, the angles very rarely produced into very narrow
wings at the upper outer edge.—D. deflexa, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. i.
8,.and Pl. Vict. 1. 87.

Victoria. In the Murray scrub, F. Mueller.

S. Australia, S. coast, R. Brown ; Flinders Range and Spencer’s Gulf, F, Mueller ;
Verus Bay, Warburton. S à

23. D. humifusa, Mig. in Pl. Preiss. i. 226. A low, diffuse or pro-
strate, much-branched shrub, often rooting at the nodes, glabrous or the
young branches slightly pubescent and scarcely viscid. Leaves crowded,
linear-cuneate, oblong-spathulate or rarely almost triangular, obtuse or rarely
acute, mostly under > in. and rarely $ in. long, entire or deeply 3-toothed,
coriaceous, l-nerved, the lateral veins rarely conspicuous, Flowers usually 2
or 3 together on rather long pedicels. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often
2 lines long in the males, smaller in the females. Style often elongated.
Capsule about 3 lines long, 3- or 4-angled, the angles acute or expanded
towards the top into very narrow wings.

W. Australia. Clayey and gravelly plains, Hay district, Preiss, n. 9441; towards — —
Cape Riche, Drummond, 5th Coll. n. 250 and 251; Tone river and Tulbrunup lake, Old- — —

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACEX. 483

ac, The general aspect is that of D. procumdens, from which it is readily known by the
rge sepals or by the fruit.
$ Var. Airtella. Branches hirsute with short spreading hairs. Leaves mostly 3-lobed.—*

rummond, 5th Coll. n. 249, y

?4. D. hexandra, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 117. A low
shrub, closely resembling D. pinifolia in habit, foliage, and flowers. Leaves
harrow-linear with revolute margins, almost terete or subulate, under 1 in.
long. Flowers solitary or 2 together, on very short recurved pedicels. Se-
pals ovate or lanceolate. Anthers usually 6. Capsule nearly globular or
obscurely 4-angled, about 2 or nearly 3 lines diameter, not horned, but some-
times bearing small tubercles at the upper outer edge of the angles.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown ; Port Lincolu, Mount Greenly, and Marble Range,
Wilhelmi.

35. D. ericoides, Mig. i» Pl. Preiss. i. 227. A low shrub, with a
thick rootstock and erect rather slender branching stems, often under 1 ft.
high but sometimes twice as much, glabrous as well as the leaves or hoary-
pubescent. Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse, 9 to 3 lines or rarely 4 in. long,
the margins closely revolute, entire or with 2 or 3 small teeth or lobes.
Flowers terminal, solitary, on very short recurved leafy peduncles. Sepals
broadly lanceolate, acuminate, often 2 lines long, more or less hoary-tomen-
tose. Capsule hoary-pubescent, nearly globular, with obtuse angles, neither
winged nor horned, 3- or 4- rarely 5-celled.

W. Australia. Iu the interior, rare, Preiss, n. 2435 ; Drummond, Coll. 1843, n. 726.

SERIES V. Pinnat#.—Leaves all pinnate or very rarely a few simple
ones at the base of the branches. Capsule of the Cycloptere, except in D.
oxyptera and D. inequifolia, where it approaches that of the Platyptere,
and in D. humilis, where it is apterous; dissepiments persistent on the axis
In all except D. ineguifolia. e

26. D. polyzyga, P Muell. Fragm. i. 74. A tall shrub, the short
flowering branches nearly terete and, as well as the leaves, sparingly pubes-
cent and glandular-viseid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis slightly dilated or
nearly terete; leaflets numerous, often above 30, oblong, acute, rarely
exceeding 4 in., entire, obliquely rounded at the base and almost petiolulate,
flat, 1-nerved, rather rigid but not coriaceous. Flowers not seen. Fruiting
racemes terminal, loose, but much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels recurved,
2 in. long, Sepals lanceolate, foliaceous, 3 to 4 lines long. Capsule like
the larger ones of D. viscosa, the wings rather broad but variable in shape,
the terminal sinus usually open.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria river, F. Mueller.

.*1. D. megazyga, F. Muell. Herb. A tall shrub, glabrous and slightly
viscid, the young branches acutely angled. Leaves mostly pinnate, the rhachis
conspicuously winged ; leaflets usually numerous, sometimes above 30, lanceo-

ate, acute, 4 to 1 in. long; in some specimens the lower leaves of the
branches reduced to very few leaflets or to a simple linear-lanceolate leaf.

lowers rather large, in short axillary racemes or terminal panicles, the pedicels
slender. Sepals ovate. Capsules small, with broad obovate or orbicular di-

E Yerging wings of 3 or 4 lines. 919

484 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEM. [Dodonea.

N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Herb. Lindley, Beckler ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt ;
Paramatta, Woolls. F. Mueller, Pl. Vict. i. 86, refers this to D. viscosa, on the ground of
a few simple leaves occurring on Leichhardt’s and Woolls’s specimens; but even then the
foliage and angular stems appear to me to be much more those of D. ¢runcatiales, and the
shape of the fruit rather different from both. Woolls’s Paramatta specimens have uo fully-
formed fruits. The simple leaves are rare, and appear to occur only at the base of the
branches.

28. D. physocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 74. A tall shrub, the
flowering branches short, nearly terete, and as well as the leaves slightly
pubescent as in D. polyzyga, but much less viscid. Leaves pinnate, the
rhachis angular but scarcely dilated ; leaflets rarely more than 10 and often
only 4 to 6, obovate or oblong, obtuse or mucronate, mostly 3 to 4 lines
long, entire or rarely obscurely 2- or 3-toothed, flat, l-nerved, sometimes
rather thick but not coriaceous. Racemes terminal, short, lóosely few-
flowered. Sepals lanceolate, obtuse, nearly 2 lines long. Anthers short,
obtuse. Style often elongated. Capsule large, somewhat inflated, often 5-
or 6-celled, the axis above } in. long; wings not very broad, rounded above
and below, but much injured in our specimens. Seeds opaque.

WN. Australia. Sea range, Victoria river, F. Mueller.

29. D. vestita, Hook. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 265. A much-branched
shrub, densely villous, hirsute or pubescent, the hairs sometimes long and
almost golden. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis winged; leaflets varying from
few broadly obovate-cuneate and 2 or 3 lines long, to above 20, narrow-
oblong and 4 or 5 lines long, entire or rarely 2- or 3-toothed, the margins
always much recurved. —Pedicels usually in clusters of 3 or 4, about } in.
long. Sepals lanceolate, acute, attaining 3 lines. Anthers 8 to 10, linear,
hirsute, spirally twisted as they fade. Capsule when young hirsute with long
hairs, the wings broadly orbicular, when far advanced the hairs mostly dis-
appear and the wings are much narrower in proportion to the carpels.—
D. paulliniefolia, A. Cunn. Herb.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.

Queensland. Belyando river, Mitchell (very hirsute specimens, with few, small,
broad leaflets, and broadly winged, very hirsute young fruits); Endeavour river, Banks, A.
Cunningham (scarcely more than pubescent, with numerous narrow leaflets and narrow-
winged, scarcely hirsute, old fruits); Castle Creek and head of Boyd river, Leichhardt
(leaves and indumentum intermediate, and on one specimen the young fruit, like Mitchell’s,
on one branch, aud an old capsule, like Cunningham's, on another branch).

LJ

30. D. pinnata, Sm. in Rees, Cycl. xii. Branches terete, softly hirsute
as well as the leaves as in D. vestita. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis winged ;
leaflets from about 8 to above 30, from obovate to oblong-obtuse, 2 to 4 lines
long, the margins recurved, hirsute on both sides and hoary-tomentose
underneath, the upper leaves often much reduced. Male flowers in short
terminal compact racemes exceeding the leaves; pedicels short. Sepals
broadly lanceolate, rather more than 1 line long. Anthers obtuse, hirsute,
about as long as the calyx. Female flowers and fruit not seen.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown (Hb. R. Br. and Smith), Intermediate in

foliage between D. vestita and D. multyuga. This differs from both in inflorescence, but
its affinities must remain doubtful until the fruit has been scen.

31. D. oxyptera, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 14. A shrub of several ft., the

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACEA. 485

branches virgate, terete, pubescent as well as the leaves and more or less
viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis angular but scarcely dilated ; leaflets
usually 5 to 11, narrow-oblong or oblong-cuneate, obtuse, 2 to 4 lines or
rarely 2 in. long, the margins recurved. Flowers small, sessile or very
shortly pedicellate. Sepals broad, acute, about 1 line long. Anthers obtuse,
not exceeding the calyx, often hirsute. Capsule small, slightly hairy, the
_ axis 2 to 3 lines long, the wings rigid, divergent, almost triangular and acute.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, A. Brown ; dry rocky hills, Fitz-
maurice river, Arnhem’s Land, F. Mueller. Several of R. Brown's specimens have numerous
male flowers and fruits on the same individual.

32. D. humilis, End. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 26, and Atakta, t. 31. A much-
branched glabrous shrub, often viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis slightly
dilated ; leaflets 5 to 13 or rarely more, broadly obovate-cuneate, deeply
toothed at the end, 2 to 4 lines or rarely } in. long, narrowed at the base,
the margins slightly recurved, 1-nerved, rather rigid. Flowers in short, dense,
` terminal corymbs, on very short pedicels. Sepals ovate or oblong, about 1i
. lines long, often glandular-ciliate. Filaments more conspicuous than in most
| Species; anthers slightly exceeding the calyx, tipped by a stipitate gland,

spirally twisted as they fade. Capsule nearly globular, about 4 lines diameter,
hot winged, beset with rigid glandular-tipped bristles, otherwise glabrous.

: S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown; Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi; Spencer's Gulf
` and Streaky Bay, Warburton.

33. D. boronizfolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674. A much-branched
shrub, usually pubescent or shortly hirsute, rarely glabrous, often viscid.
Leaves pinnate, the rhachis more or less dilated; leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely
more, obovate or cuneate-oblong, obtuse or truncate, and usually toothed at
the end, 2 to 3 lines long or rarely more, coriaceous, with recurved margins.

. Pedicels clustered on very short lateral branches, those of the males very
- Short, of the females often 3 to 4 lines long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, about
line long. Anthers short, obtuse. Capsule of D. viscosa, glabrous, usually
. Tüther small, the wings not very broad, rounded at the top and at the base.—
ED. Caleyana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674 (from the character given) ; D. hirtella,
- Miq. in Linnza, xviii. 94; F. Muell. Pl. Vict. i. 89.
; . Queensland. On the Maranoa, Mitchell ; Kent's Lagoon and Bokhara flats, Leichhardt.
N.S. Wales. Liverpool plains, near Bathurst, Lachlan river, ete., 4. Cunningham ;

| Gwydir river, Leichhardt ; between the Darling and Cooper's Creek, Neilson.
Vi Granite rocks between the Goulburn and Ovens rivers, F. Mueller, Se~

Veral of these specimens have larger, more toothed leaflets, conspicuously marked with

-black dots,
+34. D. multijuga, G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. 674. Shrubby and not. so
Compact as the Got species, pubescent or nearly glabrous, and hd
viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis slightly dilated ; leaflets usually ap
15 to above 30, obliquely obovate or oblong, obtuse, often toothed, 3 to
es long, the margins recurved. Flowers on slender — in €
Tacémes, mostly terminal. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 1i to 2 lines long.
| Anthers linear-oblong, nearly as long as the sepals. Capsule of D. viscosa,
t usually larger than in D. doroniafolia. . i
— N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson; Illawarra,

486 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEA. [ Dodonea.

A. Cunningham, Shepherd. Besides the numerous leaflets, this appears to be sufficiently
distinct from D. &oroniefolia, in the longer sepals and anthers, and in inflorescence.

35. D. larrseoides, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 408. Shrubby,
glabrous, and very viscid, the young branches slightly angular. Leaves
pinnate, the rhachis scarcely dilated; leaflets usually from 15 to near 30,
. linear-oblong, 2 to 4 lines Jong, or occasionally shorter and broader, entire or
rarely minutely toothed, keeled underneath, rather rigid, the margins not
recurved.: Flowers not seen. Fruiting pedicels slender, clustered or very
shortly racemose. Capsule of D. viscosa, not very large, the wings rounded
at the top and at the base.— D. multijuga, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 219, not of
G. Don; and therefore altered to D. foliolosa, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 182.

W. Australia, Drummond, 3rd Coll., n. 213; stony places, Geraldine mines, Mur-
chison river, Oldfield.

36. D. inzequifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 408. Shrubby,
rigid, glabrous and usually very viscid. Leaves pinnate, the rhachis scarcely
dilated ; leaflets usually above 15, from linear-terete and 2 to 4 lines, to
oblong and scarcely 1 line long, obtuse and often callous at the end, chan-
neled above, convex underneath. Pedicels rather slender, clustered, those of
the males very short. Sepals ovate, 1 to 1} lines long. Anthers short and
very obtuse. Capsules small, the wings usually ovate or obovate and very
divergent, narrowed at the top and the base almost as in the Platypéere.
Seeds smooth and shinmg.—D. leptozyga, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 219.

WV. Australia, Drummond, 4th Coll., n. 258; Sharks Bay, Denham ; Dirk Hartog's
Island, Miine ; Murchison river, Oldfield.

37. D. adenophora, Mig. in Linnea, xviii. 95. A rigid shrub, gla-
brous and usually very viscid, the young branches angular. Leaves pinnate,
the rhachis scarcely dilated ; leaflets 3 to 9 or rarely 11, linear or slightly
cuneate, obtuse and often callous at the tips, 2 to 4 lines long, very rarely
slightly toothed at the end, convex or keeled underneath, flat above, rather
thick and rigid. Pedicels slender, clustered. Sepals ovate, acute, or very
shortly racemose, rather more than 1 line long. Anthers short, very obtuse.
Capsule small, the wings rather broad, rounded at the top and at the base;
dissepiments splitting and coming off with the valves, leaving only the -
filiform axis persistent as in D. platyptera, D. stenophylla, and D. bursarifolia.
— Thouinia (?) adenophora, Miq. in Pl. Preiss. i. 224.— D. tenuifolia, Lindl. in
Mitch. Trop. Austr. 248 (the Queensland and N. S. Wales specimens).

Queensland. Condamiue river, Leichhardt ; Belyando river, Mitchell.

N. S. Wales. Rocky hills near Liverpool plains, 4. Cunningham.

W. Australia, Drummond, 5th Coll., Suppl., n. 38; Darling range, Preiss, n. 2442.

Leichhardt’s specimens are in leaf only, and Mitchell’s in flower only. Cunningham’s
are in flower and fruit, but the capsules are not quite ripe enough to be certain of the de-
hiscence ; as far as they go, however, I can see no difference whatever between them and
Drummond’s excellent fruiting specimens, which again agree perfectly with the fruiting frag-
ments I have seen of Preiss's. Should, however, the eastern plant prove to have the per-
sistent dissepiments of D. viscosa, it will stand as a distinct species, under the name of D.
tenuifolia, Lindl., differing from JD. stenozyga in its flat, linear leaflets, and clustered or
racemose pedicels.

38. D. stenozyga, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 98, and Pl. Vict. i. 88. An

Dodonea.] XXXVIII. SAPINDACEX. 487

erect, compact, very much branched shrub, glabrous and often viscid, the last
slender branchlets not much thicker than the petioles and leaflets. Leaves
mostly pinnate with few usually distant linear and almost terete leaflets
rarely above $ in. long, channelled above and convex underneath like the
common petioles. Male flowers not seen. Female pedicels solitary, 2 to 6
lines long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, about 1 line long. Capsules of D.
viscosa, rather large, the wings rounded at the top and at the base, the
terminal sinus open; persistent dissepiments rather broad. -
N.S. Wales. Desert of the Darling, Da//achy and Goodwin.

Victoria. Desert near the confluence of the Loddon and the Murray, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. S. coast, R. Brown (leaflets rather more numerous, but inflorescence of
D. stenozyga).

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 188 (specimens precisely similar to the Victorian
ones).

39? D. concinna, Benth. Very near D. stenozyga, and perhaps a va-
riety, but the small specimens seen have a very different aspect. Leaflets 5
to 11, erowded on short coriaceous petioles, linear, almost terete, channelled
above, convex underneath, 2 to 4 lines long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting
pedicels several, in a very short raceme. Capsule of D. viscosa, the wings
rounded at the top and at the base, the dissepiments broad and persistent as
in D. stenozyga, not splitting and deciduous as in the true D. adenophora.—
D. adenophora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 98, not of Miquel.

W. Australia. In the south-west, Herd. F, Mueller.

16. DISTICHOSTEMON, F. Muell.

Characters of Dodonea except that the sepals vary from 5 to 8, and the
Stamens are indefinite, usually above 20, closely packed in 2 or more series.— `
Pubescent shrub. Leaves simple. Inflorescence more nearly an interrupted
Spike than in any Dodoneas.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, scarcely sufficiently distinct

m Dodonea, $

1. D. phyllopterus, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 306. A tall
shrub, softly tomentose-pubescent or villous in all its parts. Leaves very
shortly petiolate, oblong or rarely obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 3 in. long, entire,
soft and velvety on both sides, the veins prominent underneath. Flowers
nearly sessile, in terminal leafless interrupted spikes or racemes of 1 to 3 in.,
rarely branching into oblong panicles. Sepals most frequently 6, but in some
specimens almost all 5. Stamens although usually above 20, yet occasionally
only 12 to 15, and often above 30 ; anthers oblong-linear, crowded, with very
short filaments as in Dodonaea. Styles occasionally elongated as in some Dodo-
^as. Capsule more or less tomentose, obovoid-triquetrous, the angles more or
less produced into herbaceous erect wings, usually ovate, very obtuse, and only
on the upper outer half of the carpels, but occasionally, especially in the Bank-
sian specimens, not so broad, and continued almost to the base. Seeds very
shining, usually 2 in each cell.— Dodonea hispidula, Endl. Atakt. t. 30.

N. Australia. N.W. coast, Dyzoe; Goulbourn Island and Cape Pond, 4. Cunning-
ham ; Victoria river, Point Pearce, and Roper River, F. Mueller; Port Essington, Arm-

488 XXXVIII. SAPINDACEZ. [.Distichostemon.

strong ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne; from Arnhem's Land to
the sources of Gilbert’s River, not rare, F. Mueller.

Alectryon (7) canescens, DC. Prod. i. 617, from the E. coast, with oblong, obtuse, closely
pubescent leaves, axillary racemes the length of the leaves, tbe fruit nearly of Cameraria,
surrounded by a wing connate with the style, and thick, oblong seeds, is unknown to me.
From the above very unsatisfactory description, it cannot be an Alectryon, and is most pro-
bably not Sapindaceous.

Orpen XXXIX. ANACARDIACEAE.

Flowers unisexual polygamous or hermaphrodite, usually regular. Calyx
of 3 to 5 lobes or distinct sepals. Petals 3 to 7, rarely none. Disk usually
annular or broad. Stamens of the same number or twice as many a$ petals,
very rarely indefinite, inserted round the disk or rarely upon it; filaments
free ; anthers versatile. Ovary superior, usually l-celled, with 1 to 3 styles,
or in the Spondiee 2- to 5-celled, or very rarely of 2 to 5 distinct carpels, or
in male flowers reduced to 4 or 5 rudimentary style-like carpels. Ovules so-
litary in the ovary or in each of its cells, pendulous or broadly adnate to the
side of the cavity, or suspended from a free funicle erect from the base of the
cavity, with a dorsal raphe and inferior micropyle; very rarely in genera not
Australian erect, with a ventral raphe and inferior mieropyle. Fruit superior
or rarely half inferior, free or adnate at the base to the enlarged calyx-tube or
disk, 1-celled or (in Syondiee) several-celled, usually drupaceous and inde-
hiscent. Seed erect horizontal or pendulous; albumen none or very thin.
Embryo straight or incurved, cotyledons usually fleshy ; radicle short, in-
ferior or more frequently turned upwards or superior.—-Trees or shrubs, the
bark often exuding a caustic, balsamic or gummy juice. Leaves alternate or
very rarely opposite, without real stipules, simple or ternately or pinnately
compound, usually without glandular dots. Inflorescence various, usually
paniculate, with small flowers. Flesh of the drupes usually oily or full of
caustic juice.

The Order is abundantly distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old

World, more rare in temperate climates, Of the five Australian genera, two are common to
the New and the Old World, two are Asiatic, and the fifth is endemic.

Ovary 1-celled or carpels distinct.
Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate.
Stamens 5 or 10. Ovule suspended from an erect funicle . . . 1. Rmus.
Stamens 10. Ovules suspended from the top of the cavity. . . 3. EUROSCHINUS.
Leaves simple.
Stamens 10. Carpels 5 or 6. Ovules suspended from an erect
funide © sie es Waste ere US Pew 903 eol DOOM
Stamens 5. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule suspended from the top of the
Cavity `, . 39 ee a o. Q2 uu
Ovary 2- or more celled. Leaves pinnate. Stamens 8 or 10. Ovules
suspended from the top of the cavity. . 3

4, SEMECARPUS.

b. SPONDIAS,

]. RHUS, Linn.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, of 4 to 6, usually 5, imbricate sepals.
Petals as many as sepals, imbricate in the bud. Disk broad, flat or annular.

be Deeg

I

Jihus.] XXXIX. ANACARDIACEJ. 489

Stamens as many as petals or rarely 10, inserted round the base of the disk.
Ovary l-celled ; styles 3, free or connate, with simple or capitate stigmas ;
ovule suspended from an erect filiform funicle. Drupe globular or compressed,
usually small. Seed inverted or transverse, the radicle turned upwards.—
Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate, or in species not Australian
simple. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary panicles.

The species are numerous in the warmer extratropical regions of both the northern and
‘southern hemispheres, especially in S. Africa, more rare within the tropics. The Australian
species are both endemic.

Leaves pinnate, glabrous. Flowers rather large. Stamens 10. Drupes

Eobuar |... ... 1 7 uu. nodo o. c c P dcm
Leaves digitately 3- or 5-foliolate, tomentose underneath. Flowers very d
NEL “Stamens 0. o0 071 064 . . 31 0C... ZU UR EHE

l. R. rhodanthema, F. Muell. Herb. A tree of 70 to 80 ft., quite
glabrous except little tufts of hairs along the midrib of the leaflets underneath.
ves pinnate, the common petiole terete ; leaflets usually 7 or 9, oblong,
obtusely acuminate, mostly 2 to 24 in. long, entire, shortly petiolulate, the
pinnate veins prominent underneath. Panicles pyramidal or broadly thyr-
soid, dense. Flowers dicecious, red, very shortly pedicellate, larger than in
most species. Sepals broadly ovate, very obtuse, about 1 line long. Petals
ovate, recurved, about 1} lines. Stamens 10. Ovary broad; styles 3,
short, thick, diverging, with capitate stigmas; ovule nearly globular, sus-
pended as in the rest of the genus from an erect funicle. Drupe globular,
shining, about 1 in. diameter, putamen thick and woody, striate outside, lined
with a separable cartilaginous layer inside. Seeds orbicular, flat; testa
membranous, but rather thick.
Queensland. Wide Bay, C. Moore; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, Fraser, 4. Cun-
ningham, W. Hill, F. Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Clarence river, Herb. F. Mueller.

This species differs from the greater part of the genus in its large red flowers, 10 stamens,
and larger globular drupes. R. simarubefolia, A. Gray, from the Fiji islands, approaches
it in general habit and in the size of the flowers, but they are white and pentandrous, and
the leaflets are firmer and more obtuse.

2? R. viticifolia, F. Muell. Herb. Branches, petioles, and inflores-

Genee hoary-pubescent. Leaves digitately compound ; Leaflets 3 or (accord-

ing to F. Mueller) rarely 5, ovate or elliptical, acute, 2 to 3 in. long, entire
or sinuate-toothed, narrowed into a petiolule, glabrous above, white or hoary
underneath with a close tomentum. Flowers very small, in a pyramidal or

_thyrsoid terminal panicle. Sepals lanceolate, hirsute, about j line long.

Petals oblong, nearly 1 line long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Female flowers and
it not seen,

Queensland (2), Leichhardt. Evidently closely allied to the S. African R. tomentosa,
Linn. The leaves appear to be less coriaceous, but otherwise the fragmentary specimens
are insufficient to give diagnostic characters. Can it be the species imported ?

2. BUCHANANTA, Roxb.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx short, obtusely 3- to 5-toothed. Petals 5,
imbricate in the bud. Disk orbicular, crenate. Stamens 10, inserted round

490 XXXIX. ANACARDIACEA. [ Buchanania.
->

the disk. Gynæcium of 5 or 6 distinct carpels, of which one only perfect,
the others rudimentary and style-like ; style of the perfect one short, with a
truncate stigma; ovule suspended from an erect filiform funicle. Drape
small, the putamen crustaceous or bony, 2-valved. Seed with thick cotyle-
dons and a superior radiele.— Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, coria-
ceous, Flowers small, white, in terminal or axillary panicles.

The genus extends over tropical Asia and the islands of the Pacifie, the Australian species

having also a wide Asiatic range.

l. B. angustifolia, Roch, Pl. Corom. iii. 68, t. 262. A tree, either
quite glabrous or the young shoots and panicles slightly rusty-tomentose or
pubescent. Leaves oblong or cuneate-oblong, obtuse and rounded at the
end, 3 to 8 in. long, and 1 to 2 in. broad, gradually narrowed into a short
petiole, rather rigid, of a pale colour, the pinnate veins and transverse reticu-
late veinlets prominent on both sides. Panicles rather loose, shorter than the
leaves, several together at the ends of the branches, each in the axil of a
floral leaf usually reduced to a small bract; occasionally the central bud
grows out and the panicles are placed at the base of the new branch. Flowers
glabrous; petals nearly 14 lines long. Drupe more or less compressed, ob-
lique, from broadly ovate to nearly oblong, rarely exceeding 4 in.—W. and
Arn. Prod. 169, with the synonyms adduced ; Wight, Ic. t. 101.

N. Australia. Victoria river, Byzoe, F. Mueller; Port Essington, Armstrong ;
islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
Albany Island, F. Mueller ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham.
The species is widely distributed over East [ndia and the Archipelago.

3. EUROSCHINUS, Hook. f.

Flowers polygamous or dicecious. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, im-
bricate in tbe bud. Disk orbicular, deeply crenate. Stamens 10, inserted
round the disk. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 thick short styles, or in the males of
3 or 4 linear style-like rudiments; ovule pendulous from the top of the
cavity. Drupe small, more or less compressed, the putamen coriaceous.
Seeds compressed, with flat cotyledons; the radicle turned upwards.—Tree.
Leaves pinnate. Flowers rather small, in terminal or lateral panicles.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia. It is closely allied to the
American genus Schinus, but with a rather different habit, a gamosepalous calyx, and the

putamen of the fruit does not appear to contain the oily receptacles so conspicuous in that
genus,

l. E. falcatus, Hook. f. in Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. 422. A low
tree, glabrous or the young shoots minutely hoary. Leaflets 4 to 8, very
oblique or faleate, ovate to lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 2 to 3 in. long, all
but the terminal one very unequal at the base, on petiolules of 1 to 3 lines,
penninerved and reticulate, the common petiole terete. Panicles divaricate,
many-flowered, not exceeding the leaves. Flowers almost sessile, clustered
along the branches, about 1 line long and glabrous. Calyx-lobes obtuse,
slightly imbricate. Petals twice as long, oblong, very spreading. Drupes
at first broadly and obliquely ovate, but in some specimens where they are
better ripened more oblong, and attaining almost 4 iu. in length.

Euroschinus.] XXXIX. ANACARDIACER. 491

Queensland. Sources of the Burdekin, F. Mueller ; Sunday Island, M Gillivray.

N. S. Wales. Hastings river, Beckler ; Clarence river, C. Moore.

Var, angustifolius. Leaves falcate-lanceolate, much acuminate. Flowers rather larger,
—Northumberland Islands, Z. Brown ; Rockhampton, Zhozet.

4, SEMECARPUS, Linn. f.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate in the
‘bud. Disk orbicular, slightly lobed or crenate. Stamens 5, inserted round
the disk. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 styles, and somewhat club-shaped stigmas ;
ovule suspended from the top of the cavity. Drupe or nut reniform, seated
on the much-enlarged, thick, succulent, fleshy, cupular or turbinate base of
the calyx; pericarp thick, hard, filled with resinous cells. Seed pendulous,
the testa coriaceous, somewhat fleshy inside ; embryo thick, with plano-
convex cotyledons and a very short superior radicle.—Trees, Leaves alternate,

Owers small, in terminal or lateral panicles.

: The genns ranges over tropical Asia, the species most numerous in Ceylon; the Austra-

D one extending over nearly the whole area.

1. S, Anacardium, Linn. ; W.and Arn. Prod. 168, var. (?) parvifolia.
Leaves broadly obovate, very obtuse, 3 to 4 in. long, entire, rounded at the
base, on very short petioles, glabrous above, hoary or white underneath but
scarcely tomentose, the pinnate veins and reticulate veinlets conspicuous
On both. sides. Male panicles pyramidal, shorter than or as long as the
leaves. Flowers very small, sessile and clustered. Calyx very short. Pe-
tals scarcely 1 line long. Ovary minute and rudimentary or reduced to a tuft
of hair. Female flowers and fruit of the Australian variety not seen.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. The species is widely distributed over
E. India, and has usually leaves from 3 to 1 ft. long, but, as far as our specimens go, I can
see no character, besides the smaller leaves, to distinguish the Australian form.

There is also in Armstrong's Port Essington collection, a single leaf, 23 ft. long by about
7 in. broad, and acutely acuminate, of what may be S. cassuvium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 85, a

olucea species,

5. SPONDIAS, Linn.
(Evia, Comm. ; Cytherea, W. and Arn.)

Flowers polygamous. Calyx small, 4- or 5-lobed or divided to the base.
Petals 4 or 5, spreading, almost valvate in the bud. Disk orbicular, crenate,
Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted round the disk. Ovary 3- to 5- (or
sometimes 10- to 15- ?) celled, with as many short, conical, connivent
styles ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Drupe with a fleshy epicarp,
the pntamen hard and bony, the cells erect or vertically curved and diverging
at the top, the putamen pierced with a foramen corresponding to the van of
each cell. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous ; testa membranous ; embryo
straight or slightly eurved with the seed ; cotyledons oblong, radicle superior.
—Trees. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, pinnate. Flowers
small, in terminal or axillary panicles. : ES V oda

Th is wi er tropical conntries, and some specie: : i
Sider Nue log A Perte : It t often divided iuto two : nae B DAN
with erect cells in the drupe, and Evia or Cytherea, chiefly Asiatic, with the cells divergen
at the top. The Australian species, which is endemic, belongs to the latter group.

492 XXXIX. ANACARDIACEA, [ Spondias.

1. S. Solandri, Benth... A moderate-sized tree, the trunk occasionally
acquiring a very great thickness, quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets 7
or 9, obliquely ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 in. long, entire, very unequal at
the base, pale underneath, with fine pinnate veins and reticulate veinlets.
Flowers sessile, densely clustered, in short axillary interrupted spikes or ra-
cemes, rarely branching into panicles. Calyx-lobes separate almost to the base,
ovate, obtuse, about 3 line long. Petals 5, spreading, obtuse, about 14 lines
long. Stamens 10, inserted in or under the crenatures of the disk ; filaments
slender; anthers small. Ovary half immersed in the disk, with 4 or some-
times 3 short conical styles.—Spondias acida, Soland. in Herb. Banks, not of
Blume.

Queensland. Endeavour river, Bants and Solander ; Keppel Bay, Shoalwater Bay,
Broad Sound, and Northumberland Islands, R. Brown. The above description is taken
from R. Brown’s notes, and from two flowering specimens in the Banksian herbarium, and
one in R. Brown’s. There is also in the Banksian collection a packet of drupes named as
belonging to this species and described as such in R. Brown’s notes ; but perhaps really those of
some allied species, for they have from 10 to 15, usually about 12 cells, although in every other
respect like those of the section Evia of Spondias. They are of a depressed globular form,
the putamen with as many angles as cells, exceedingly hard, nearly 1 in. diameter; the cells
diverging at the top as in other Evias.

e Gps dye

WE "SC Ee ae ERN

493

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

The synonyms and species incidentally mentioned are printed in italics.

Page

Abelmoschus
alborubens, F. Muell. 209
divaricatus, Walp. . 212
ficulneus, W. & Arn. 209
Manihot, Walp. . . 210
rhodopetalus,F.Muell. 210

splendens, Walp. —. 213

broma ` : : 286

fastuosa, R. Br. . . 236
Abutilea

eryptantha, F. Muell. 201
Abutilon . . $57, 408
amplum, Benth. . . 200
asiaticum, G. Don . 203
auritum, G. Don. . 203
Avicennee, Gertz. . 203
Behrianum, F. Muell. 203
californicum, Benth. 204
crispum, G. Don . 206
eryptopetalum, Muell. 201
Cunninghamii, Benth. 205
diplotrichum,V.Muell. 205
Fraseri, Hook. e 205
geranioides, Benth. . 202
graveolens, W. § Arn. 204
halophilum, F. Muell. 206
indicum, G. Don. . 202
leucopetalum, Muell. 200
micropetalum, Benth, 201
Mitchelli, Benth. . 201
muticum, G. Don . 204
otocarpum, F. Muell, 202
oxycarpum, F, Muell. 204
pulchellum, G. Don. 189
subviscosum, Benth. 202

tubulosum, Hook. . 200
Achilleopsis
densiflora, Turez. . 241
Achyranthus
violacea, Spreng. . 166
rosea, Spreng. . . 166
\cradenia. . . . . 328

Page

Franklinie, Kipp. . 328
Acronychia oe OGG
Baueri, Schott . . 366

Cunninghamii, Hook. 362
Hilli,F. Muell. . 366
imperforata, F. Muell. 367
levis, Forst. . . 966
laurina, F. Muell. . 367
Actinostigina
lanceolatum, Turcz. . 247
Adansonia . . . . 222
Gregorii, F. Muell. . 223
Adeliopsis . . . . 59
decumbens, Benth. . 59
Adsea. Ee . 40
salicifolia, DC. . .
Aum. v. . 882
eliagnoidea, Benth. . 383
odoratissima, Benth. 383

Ailanthus . . OTA
glandulosa, Desf. . 373
imberbiflora, F, Muell. 373
malabarica, DC.. . 873

punctata, F. Muell. . 365
rhodoptera, F. Muell. 873
Akania . rd 7
Hillii, Hook. f. . 471
Alectryon
canescens, DC. . . 488
Alphitonia . . 414
excelsa, Reissek . . 414
franguloides, A. Gray 414
zizyphoides, A. Gray 414

Awe 52.7. V.H
Tinifolium, Steph. 71
ST oo Ee
nitidula, Benth. . . 383
Anemone. . >» eS

crassifolia, Hook. . 8
Antomarchia ` p :

rubra, Colla . . . 355
Apophylum . . . - 97

Page
anomalum, F. Muell. 97
Arab 79 oS a OL
glabra, Crantz . . 67
gigantea, Hook. . . €8
Arcnaria . 22 27V 1509
media, Linn... . 162
"rubra, Linn. . .-. 162
serpyllifolia, Zinn. . 159
Argyrodendron
trifoliolatum,F.Muell. 931
Aristotelia . te i i
australasica, F. Muell. 280
peduncularis, Hook. f. 280
Arytera
divaricata, F. Muell. 468
Soveolata, F. Muell.. 467
semiglauca, F. Muell. 458
Ascyrum
humifusum, Labill. . 182
involutum, Labill. . 182
Asterochiton
pygmaeus, Turez.. . 257
Asterolasia . . . . 349
buxifolia, Benth.. . 351
chorilenoides, Muell. 346
correifolia, Benth. . 350
grandiflora, Benth, . 352
mollis, Benth. . 851
Muelleri, Benth.. . 850
pallida, Benth. . . 352

Los eet LA
squamuli, Benth. 352
trymalioides, F. Muell. 351
Asterotrichon
-sidoides, Kl. . . 188
NEhsia . . . . s 910
glauca, Hook. f. . . 370
reeurva, Benth. . 910
Atalaya: . . . 462

494 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
hemiglauca, F. Muell. 463
multiflora, Benth. . 463
salicifolia, Blume . 463
variifolia, F. Muell.. 463

Aylmeria

violacea, Mart. .
rosea, Mart. .

. 166
. 166

NUM. . UP
australis, Hook; f. . 66
vulgaris, R. Br.. . 66

Bastardia
crispa, St. Hil. . 206

Mega: 7 3 EY
ammannioides, Roth. 180
pedicellaris, F. Muell. 180
perennis, F. Muell. . 181
pusilla, Benth. . . 180
trimera, Link. . . 180
tripetala, F. Muell.. 180
| - 154 B0
Ammonilla, Roch, . 268

Billardiera . . . .122

. 124

coriacea, Benth. .
. cymosa, F. Muell. . 124
Susiformis, Labill. . 126
grandiflora, Putterl, 123
latifolia, Putterl. . 123
Lehmanniana, Muell. 125
longiflora, Labill. . 123
macrantha, Hook. f. 123
mutabilis, Salisb. . 124
ovalis, Lindl.. . . 123
parviflora, DC. . . 119

pseudocymosa, Klatt 124
rosmarinifolia, DC.. 123

scandens, Sm. . . 193
sericophora, F. Muell. 124
variifolia, DC. . . 125

_ versicolor, F. Muell. 124
Blackburnia
pinnata, Forst. eat A 863
Blennodia voa es qd
alpestris, F. Muell. . 77
brevipes, F. Muell. . T5
canescens, R. Br. '. 76
eardaminoides, Muell. 75
Cunninghamii, Benth. 76
curvipes, F. Muell.. 75
eremigera, Benth. . 74
filifolia, Benth. . . 73
lasiocarpa, F. Muell. 76
"nasturtioides, Benth. 74
. trisecta, Benth. . . 74

- Fraseri, Hook. .

Page

Blepharanthemum, Kl 189
Bombax

Prag e o. OO
heptaphyllum, Cav. . 223
malabaricum, DC. . 223

Boronia . . i x 007

affinis, 2. Br. . .9811
alte 55... . . 912
albiflora, R.Br. . . 317
algida, F Muell.. . 312
alulata, Soland. . . 313
anemonifolia, 4. Cunn. 321
anemonifolia, Paxt.. 315
anethifolia, A. Cunn. 322
arborescens, F. Muell. 307
artemisisefolia, Muell. 311
bicolor, 'lurez. . . 316
bipinnata, Lindl. . 322
brachyphylla, Muell. 325
calophylla, ZTurez. . 312
capitata, Benth. . . 323
chironüfolia, Bartl. . 327
citriodora, Guon. . 319
clavellifolia, F. Muell. 325
cærulescens, F. Muell. 320

colorata, Lehm. . . 325
crassifolia, Bartl. . 316

issipes, Bartl . . 322
crenul Sm. . . 928
cymosa, End]. . . 828
denticulata, Sm. . . 327

dentigera, F. Muell. 321
dichotoma, Lindl. . 327
Drummondii, Planch. 318

Edwardsii, Benth. . 312
elatior, Bar. . . 316
eriantha, Lindl. . . 313
ericifolia, Benth.. . 313

falcifolia, 4. Cunn. . 322
Jasciculifolia, Muell. 326
fastigiata, Bartl.. . 326
filicifolia, 4. Cunn. . 311
filifolia, F. Muell. . 325
flexuosa, Bartl. . . 327

j Sieb.. . 319
. 815
gracilipes, F. Muell. 318
grandisepala, Muell. 311
granulata, F. Muell. 307
Gunnii, Hook. . . 319
heterophylla, Auch 315
hirsuta, F. Muell. . 305
humilis, Turez. . . 817
hyssopifolia, Sieb. . 321
inconspicua, Beath. . 313
inornata, Zurez. . . 395
juncea, Bartl. . 827
lævigata, Muell. 304, 305

Bosistoa . -ass

Page
lanceolata, F Muell.. 314

laniflora, Bartl. . . 827
lanuginosa, Fadl. . 317
ledifolia, J. Gay . . 314

ledophylla, F. Muell. 314
leptophylla, Turcz. . 325
macra, Bartl. . . 827
megastigma, Nees . 315
microphylla, Sieb. . 318
minutiflora, F. Muell. 305
mollis, 4. Cunn.. . 818
multicaulis, Turez. . 317
nana, Hook. . . . 821
nematophylla, Muell. 323

ovata, Lindl. . . 926
Qiyantha, Zurez.. . 325
paleifolia, Endl.. . 322
paradoxa, DC. . 814
parviflora, Sm. . . 924

penicillata, Benth. . 322

pilonema, Labill. . 324
pilosa, Labill. . 819
pinnata, Sm... - 318
polygalifolia, Sm. . 320
psoraleoides, DC. . 316
pubescens, Bartl. . 318
pulchella, Zurez.. . 318
ramosa, Benth. . . 320

rhomboidea, Hook, . 324
rosmarinifolia, A.
Cunn. . . 3l
rubiginosa, A. Cunn. 814
scabra, Lindl. . 826
semifertilis, F. Muell. 316
serrulata, Sm.. . . 823
spathulata, Zind/. |. 327
spinescens, Benth, . 319
stricta, Bartl. . 317
subcerulea, F. Muell. 320
subsessilis, Benth, . 322
tenuifolia, Bartl. . 325
tenuis, Benth. . . 320
teretifolia, Lindl. . 328
ternata, Endi. . . 312
tetrandra, Ladill. . 916
tetrandra, Hook. . 319
tetrandra, Lindl. &.

Enki 3. ee . 918
tetrathecoides, DC. . 321
thymifolia, Zurcz. . 326
triphylla, Sieb. . . 314
tristis, Turez.. . + 315
variabilis, Hook. . 321

veronicea, F. Muell.. 306
viminea, Lindl. . . 924

sapindiformis, Muell. 359

. 959

(0 Brachychiton

| acerifolium, F. Muell.
Bidwilli, Hook. .
Delabechii, F. Muell.
discolor, F. Muell.
diversifolium, R. Br.
Gregorii, F. Muell. .
incanum, R. Br..
luridum, F. Muell. .
paradoxum, Schott .
platanoides, R. Br. .
populneum, R. Br. .
ramiflorum, R. Br. ..

Bisenia i25. 298
peltata, Pursh .
Bra: sica

geniculata? . . .
Brathys

Billardieri, Spach .
Forsteri, Spach .
humifusa, Spach .
Nn. eue
sumatrana, Rozb.
Buchanania . . . .
angustifolia, Rord. .
uettneria
dasyphylla, J. Gay .
anniefolia, J.
Gay . etus
pannosa, DC.. . .
Bursaria . KIUN
_diosmoides, Putterl. .
tncana, Lindl. y
X procumbens, Putterl.
spinosa, Cav. . . .
Stuartiana, Klatt .
usbeckia
arborea, F. Muell. .
. corymbiflora, Muell.

Se nobilis, Endl. D wë
. Dyronia
Arnhemensis,

Cadaba . .
= eapparoides,
ellia :
monostylis, Benth. .
pentastylis, F. Muell.
Calandrinia . . . .
— balonensis, Lindi.
calyptrata, Hook. f. .

"Muell.

i.
DE..
ois

i corrigioloides, Muell.
. composita, Nees . .
gracilis, Benth. . .

Mitchelli, F. Muell. .

` eaulescens, H. B. Jr:
E s

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

229

. 928

230

. 928

230
230

. 228

<11

174

175
175
175

173.

Page
granulifera, Benth. . 176
Lehmanni, Endi. . 172
liniflora, Fenzl . 178
polyandra, Benth. . 172
polypetala, Fenzl . 174
pusilla, Lend. . + 174
pygmea, F. Muell. . 176
quadrivalvis, F. Muell. 173
spergularina, Muell. 176
uniflora, F. Muell. . 172
volubilis, Benth.. . 174
Calopetalum
ringens, Drumm. . 120
Calophyllum . . 183
inophyllum, Linn. . 183
Caltha H LI LI D H . 1 5
introloba, F. Muell. 15
Nove-Zelandia,
Hook. f. 15
Campylanthera
ericoides, Lindl... . 117
Fraseri, Hook. . . 126
Canarium. . 377

pustralasionin, Muell.

377
Candollea . 41

D

assimilis, Steud. . . 46
calycina, Steud. . 42
euneiformis, Labill. . 42
Cunninghami, Benth. 39
cygnorum, Steud. . 46
desmophylla, Benth. 43
exasperata, Steud. . 46
fasciculata, R. Br. . 44
glaberrima, Steud. . 45
glomerosa, Benth. *. 43
helianthemoides, Turez. 43
Huegelii, Endi. . 44
kochioides, Turez. . 44
latifolia, Steud. . 42
pachyrrhiza, Benth.. 44
parviflora, Steud. . 46
uneulata, R. Br.. 45
Preissiana, Steud. 45
racemosa, Endl. . . 46
rupestris, Steud. . 45
striata, Steud. = . 44
subvaginata, Steud. . 45
teretifolia, Zurez. 43
tetrandra, Lindl.. . 42
tridentata, Turez. . 46
uncinata, Benth.. . 46
vaginata, Benth.. + 45
Cangera . - 2 er 393
leptostachya, Benth. 394
Cappatie s «9 0e 93

Page

loranthifolia, Lindl. . 97
lucida, R. Br.. . . 96
Mitchelli, Lindl.. . 96
nobilis, F. Muell. 95
nummularia, DC. 94
ornans, F, Muell. 95
quiniflora, DC. . 94
sarmentosa, A. Cunn. 95
umbellata, R. Br. 93
umbonata, Lindl. . 97
Dee i ea A
antipoda, F. Muell. . 82-
australis, Hook. f. . 81
blennodina, F. Muell. 77

Bursa-pastoris,Meench 82
elliptica, C. A. Mey. 81

pilosula, F. Muell. . 82
procumbens, Fries 81
Carapa. . . . » . 886
moluecensis, Lam. . 387
Cardamine . . . 67
debilis, Banks . 70
dictyosperma, Hook. 68
divaricata, Hook. f.. 68
eustylis, F. Muell. . T1
heterophylla, Hook. . 170
hirsuta, Linn. . Ss
intermedia, Hook. 70
laciniata, F. Muell. . 69
lilacina, Hook. 69
nivea, Hook. . . + ^
iflora, Linn.. +
EE Tures.: +10
pratensis, Hook. f.. 70
radicata, Hook. f. 69
stylosa, DC. . . 68
tenuifolia, Hook.. . 69
Cardiospermum . . 453

Halicacabum, Linn. =» 453
microcarpum, k
& K.. . 453
Catha
Cunninghamii, Hook. 400

Ceanothus

discolor, Vent. . 418
globulosus, Labill. . 429
laniger, Andr... . 417 `
spathulatus, Labill. . 424
Wendlandianus,
Rem. & Sch. . . 417
Cedrela D D D D . 387
australis, F. Muell. . 387
Toona, Rozb. . . . 387
| Celatrus . . .. . . 998
australis, Harve. f
Mal . . .998

bilocularis, F. Huel, 399

496

Cerastium . . .

Page

Cunninghamii, Muell. 399

dispermus, F. Muell. 399
montanus, Roxb.. . 400
Muelleri, Benth.. . 899

senegalensis, Lam, . 400
. 156

viscosum, Linn. . . 196
vulgatum, Linn. . . 156
Chariessa, Miq. . . 995
Cheiranthera . $27

brevifolia, F. Muell.. 128

cyanea, Brongn. . . 127
filifolia, Zurez. ta
linearis, 4. Cunn. . 127
parviflora, Benth. . 127

Preissiana, Putterl. . 128

tortilis, F. Muell. . 128
volubilis, Bente. . . 128
Chorilzena . eee |

angustifolia, F.Muell. 341
hirsuta, Benth. . . 357
quercifolia, Endl.. . 357

acetosa, F. Muell. . 450
adnata, Roxb. . . 448
antarctica, Vent.. . 447
australasica, Muell.. 450
carnosa, lam. . . 449
cinerea, Lam. ` . 449

- erenata, Vahl. . 449
geniculata, Blume. . 448
glandulosa, Poir.. . 447
hypoglauca, A. Gray 450
opaca, F. Muell.. . 450
Citriobatus . . . 121
multiflorus, 4. Cuna. 121
pauciflorus, A. Cunn. 122
Hrs V s v ri
australis, Planch. . 371
australasica, F. Muell. 371
Chemie... +... M3
brevistyla, Oliv. . . 369
Clytoni$ ;—. . ee TT
australasica, Hook. f. 177
calyptrata, F. M: 175
Clematis .—. 5. 9 5
aristata, R. Br. . .
blanda, Hook. . .
clitorioides, DC.
cocculifolia, A.Cunn.
cognata, Steud. .
coriacea, DC.. .
discolor, Stend. .
. elliptica, Endl.
-~ gentianoides, DC.

eech e

"4. «9 8

Cochlospermum . .

Colobanthus . . -

glycinoides, DC. . . T
indivisa, Steud. . 6
linearifolia, Steud. . 7, 8
microphylla, DC. . 7
Pickeringii, A. Gray 7
pubescens, Hueg. . 6
stenophylla, Fras. 7
stenosepala, DC.. . T

Cleéonie-- i eet SN

flava, Banks e
oxalidea, F. Muell. . 90
tetrandra, Banks. . 90

Clypea

hernandifolia,W .&Arn. 57

Coatesia

paniculata, F. Muell. 364

Cocculus

Moorei, F. Muell. . 56
. 105
Fraseri, Planch. . . 106
Gregorii, F. Muell. . 106
Gillivreei, Benth.. . 106
heteronurum, Muell. 106

Colletia

Cunninghamii, Fenzl 445
ubescens, Brongn. . 445
. 160
affinis, Hook. À D S 161
Benthamianus, Fenzl 160
Billardieri, Fenzl . 161
pulvinatus, F. Muell. 160
subulatus, Hook. f. . 160

Colubrina. . . e . 413

asiatica, Brongn.. . 413
excelsa, Fenzl . . 414
viliensis, Seem. . . 413

Comesperma. . . . 141

acerosum, Steetz . . 146
acutifolium, Steetz . 146
amulum, Steud. . . 149
aphyllum, 2. Br.

` ealymega, Labill. . 147
ciliatum, Steetz . . 144
confertum, Labill. , 147
contractum, Steud. . 149

coridifolium, A. Cun. 146
corniculhtum, Steud. 149
defoliatam, F. Muell. 148
Drummondi, Steetz . 145
ericinum, DC. . . 146
flavin, iO... s s. E
gracile, Paxt. . . . 144
herbaceum, Steud. . 148
hirtulum, Steud. . . 147
integerrimum, Endl.. 145
isocalyz, Spreng. . 148
lanceolatum, R. Br. . 148

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
latifolium, Steetz ~ 146
laziusculum, Steud. . 149
linariafolium,A.Cun. 146
longebracteatum, Std. 149
longifolium, Steud. . 147
megapteryga, Steud. 149
nudiuseulum, DC. . 148
nudiusculum, Steetz 148
parviflorum, Steud. . 148
patentifolium, Muell. 147
paucifolium, ''urcz. . 144
polygaloides, Muell. . 149.
ramosissimum, Steud. 149

retusum, Labill. . . 145
roseum, Steud. . 149
scandens, Steud. . ~ 145
scoparium, Steetz . 143
secundum, Banks . 145

selaginoides, Turcz. . 149
simplex, Endl. . 149
spathulatum, Turez. 148
spherocarpum, Steetz 143
spinosum, F. Muell.. 144

strictum, Endl. . 148
sylvestre, Lindl. . - 146
tenue, Steud. . . 148
tortuosum, Steetz . 144
varians, Steud. . . 148

virgatum, Labill.. . 149
volubile, Labill. . . 144
zanthocarpum,Steud. 147

. 241

Commersonia . .

cinerea, Steud, . . 239
crispa, Zurez.. . . 243
cygnorum, Steud. . 239
dasyphylla, Andr. . 238
echinata, Forst. . . 243
Fraseri, J. Gay. + 242
Gaudichaudi, J. Gay. 243
Leichhardtii, Benth.. 242
microphylla, Benth. . 244
platyphylla, Andr. . 243
Preissii, Steud. . . 239
pulchella, Zurez. . + 244

Cookia

australis, F. Muell. . 365
275

Corchorus. . . + =

acutangulus, Lam. . 277
brachycarpus, Guill.

k Per.. «<<
Cunninghamii, Muell. 276
echinatus, Benth. .. 276
fascicularis, Zam. +
hygrophilus, A . Cunn.

sidoides, F. Muell.

tomentellus, F. Muell, 278
tridens, Zinn.. . . 276
vermicularis, Muell. . 277
e Waleottii, F. Muell, 278
` Corethrostylis
T . éracteata, Endl. . . 266
cordifolia, Steetz . 265
coriacea, Steud. . . 266
membranacea, Steud. 266
microphylla, 'urez. . 265
oppositifolia, Muell.. 265
parviflora, ''arez. . 265
= Sehulzeni, F. Muell. 265
EUM S US s. 858
emule, F. Muell. `. 353
“alba, Andr. . 854
- Backhousiana, Hook. 355 |
— bicolor, Paxt. . ;:955
cardinalis, F. Muell. 355
cordifolia, Lindl. . 855
cotinifolia, Salisb. . 354
decumbens, F. Muell. 356
ferruginea, Backh. . 355
- glabra, Lindl. . . 955
Harris, Paxt. . . 355
Latrobeana, Muell. . 355
wrenciana, Hook. . 355
leucoclada, Lindl. . 855
longiflora, Paxt. . . 355
pulchella, Mackay . 355
o puchella, Sw. . . 855
reflexa, Labill. . . 855
rotundifolia, Lindl. . 354
Teora, Sm. , . . 805
rufa, Vent. . , 854
Schlechtendalii, Behr 355
speciosa, Ai. . . 854
virens, Sm. e 800
viridiflora, Andr. . 855
ea : D D . 328
angustifolia, Zurez. . 830
dentata, R. Br. . . 330
exalata, F. Muell. . 329
latifolia, Lodd. . . 329
saligna, MN — 1
x scabra, os D D 332
Cryptandra . . . .437
alpina, Hook. f. . s 441
e Bm... — a 440
anomala, Steud. . . 424

ar

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

. 218

Page
capitata, Sieb. . . 438
cordata, 'l'urez. . . 430
coronata, Reiss. . . 436
divaricata, Reiss. . 441
ericifolia, Sm. . . 438
eriocephala, Hook. f. 434
erubescens, F. Muell. 441
floribunda, Steud. . 424
glabrata, Steud. . . 444
glabriflora, Benth. . 441
glaucophylla, Steud. . 424
Gunnii, Hook. f. . 430
hispidula, Reiss. . . 439
holostyla, Steud.. . 443

lanosiflora, F. Muell. 440
largifiora, F. Muell. 440
lasiophylla, Steud. . 444
Lawrencii, Hook. f. 430
leucophracta, Schlech. 436
leucopogon, Meisn. . 442
longistaminea, Muell. 443
magnifiord, F. Muell. 442
microcephala, Turcz. 434
miliaris, Reiss. . . 444
mollis, Hook. f. . . 428
mutila, Nees . . . 443
nervata, Reiss. . 440
nudiflora, F. Muell. . 444
nutans, Steud. . 441
obcordata, Hook. f.. 427
obovata, Hook. f. . 429
parvifolia, Hook. f. . 428
parvifolia, Turez. .

pauciflora, Turcz. .
pimeleoides, Hook. f.
pomaderroides, Reiss.
propinqua, 4. Cunn.
propinqua, Schlecht. 441
pungens, Steud. . . 443
pyramidalis, R. Br.. 439
scoparia, Reiss. . . 439
Sieberi, Fenzl . . 440
spinescens, Sieb. . . 499
spinosa, Q. Don . . 438
spyridioides, Muell. . 439
suavis, Lindl.. . . 444
tenuiramea, Steud. . 444
tomentosa, Lindi, . 441
tomentosa, Reiss. . 441
tridentata, Steud. 427,435
tubulosa, Fenzl . . 444
ulicina, Hook, «
vexillifera, Hook. .
villosa, Turez. +

, 434 |

497

g Page
Bidwilli, Benth. . . 460
Cunninghamii,Hook. 454
lucens, F. Mucll.. . . 471
nervosa, F. Muell. . 459
pseudorhus, 4. Rich. 459
punctulata, F. Muell. 458
salicifolia, Dene. . 463
semiglauca, F. Muell. 457
serrata, F. Muell. . 458
stipata, F. Muell. . 461
tenaz, A. Cunn: . . 462
tomentella, F. Muell. 458
xylocarpa, A. Cunn. 459
Cyanothamnus
anethifolius, Bartl. . 320
ramosus, Lindl. . . 320
tenuis, Lindl. . . 990
tridactylites, Bartl. . 321
Cyminosma i
oblongifolium,A.Cun. 367
Cytherea, W. & Arn, . 491

Delabechea
rupestris, Lindl. .
Denhamia. . . . . 401
heterophylla, Muell. 401
obscura, Meism. . . 401
oleaster, F. Muell. . 401
pittosporoides, Muell. 402
xanthosperma, Muell. 401
Dianthus
Armeria, Linn: . . 156
barbatus, Linn. . . 156
Dicarpidium . . . . 235
monoicum, F. Muell. 235
Dichoglottis
australis, Schlecht. . 155
tubulosa,Jaub.&Spach 155

. 930

| Didymeria

emula, Lindl. . . 353
Dillenia
procumbens, Labill.. 33
scandens, Willd. . 37
speciosa, Bot. Mag.. 37
volubilis, Vent. . . 87
Diploglottis . . . . 458
Canning EY

498

Page
Preissii, Miq. . . 456
Stuartii, F. Muell. . 456
Diplotaxis
virgata, DC. . 5465
Disaria . . . . 445
australis, Hook. . . 445
Distichostemon . . . 487
phyllopterus, Muell. 487
Ditomostrophe
angustifolia, Turez. . 258
Dodonga . . . . . 472
acerosa, Lindl. . . 479
adenophora, Mig. . 486
adenophora, Muell. 487

angustifolia, Sw. . 476
aptera, Mig. . . . 481
asplenifolia, Rudge . 411
attenuata, A. Cunn. . 477
Baueri, Endl.. . . 482
boronisfolia, G. Don 485
Burmanniana, DC. . 476
bursarifolia, Behr Ar:

F. Muell: . . . 482
Caleyana, G. Don . 485
calycina, A. Cunn. . 480
ceratocarpa, Endl. . 481
concinna, Benth. . 487
conferta, G- Don . 476
cuneata, Rudge . . 477
deflexa, F. Muell. . 482
denticulata,F. Muell. 479

divaricata, Benth. . 481
ericifolia, G. Don . 478
ericoides, Mig. . . 483
filifolia, Hook. . 475

filiformis, Link . . 478
foliolosa, F. Muell. . 486
Aeterophylla, Colla . 474
hexandra, F. Muell. . 483
hirtella, Miq.. . . 485
Aispidula, Endl. . . 487
humifusa Mig. . .
humilis, Endi. .

lanceolata, F. Muell. 475
larreeoides, fwrez. . 486
laurina, Sieb. `, . 415
leptozyga, F. Muell. 486
Lindleyana, F. Muell. 481
lobulata, F. Muell. . 479
longipes, G. Don . 475
megazyga, F. Muell. 485
mollis, Lindl.: . . 481
multijuga, G. Don . 485
multijuga, F. Muell. 486

. neriifolia, A. Cunn. 476

Page
oblongifolia, Link . 477
oxyptera, F. Muell. . 484
paulliniefolia, A. Cn. 484
peduncularis, Lindl. . 478
petiolaris, F. Muell. 475
physocarpa, F. Muell. 484
pinifolia, Mig. . 480
pinnata, Sm. . . . 484
platyptera, F. Muell, 480
polyzyga, F. Muell. . 483
Preissiana, Miq.. . 477
procumbens, F. Muell. 478
ptarmicifolia, Zurez.. 479
pterocaulis, Miq. . 481
pubescens, Lindl. . 478
salicifolia, DC. . . 476
salsolifolia, A. Cunn. 478

scabra, Lodd.. . 476
sororia, Miq.. . . 482
spathulata, Sm. . . 476

stenophylla, F. Muell. 480
stenozyga, F. Muell. 486
tenuifolia, Lindl. . 486
triangularis, Lindl. . 481
trigona, Lindl. . . 481
triquetra, Andr. . . 474
truncatiales, F. Muell. 479
umbellata, G. Don .
vestita, Hook.
viscosa, Tinn.:
Dees 0 x
muralis, Zinn.
nemoralis, Ehrh. . 72

pumilio, R. Br. . 82
Diny 07 vo 49
aromatica, F. Muell. 49
dipetala, F. Muell. . 49
Drummondita . . . 349
ericoides, Harv. . . 349
Drymaria. . . . . 162
filiformis, Benth. . 162
Dysoxyyon . . . . 380
Fraseranum, Benth.. 381
latifolium, Benth. . 381

Lessertianum, Benth. 382

` Muelleri, Benth.. . 381
rufum, Benth. . 382
Echinocarpus wx 270
australis, Benth.. . 279
Eleocarpus . . . . 280
aneus, i... BEI
grandis, F. Muell. . 281
holopetalus, F. Muell. 281
obovatus, G. Don . 281

parviflorus, A. Rich. 281
pauciflorus, Walp. . 281

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

peduncularis, Labill. 280
reticulatus, Sm. . . 281
Elæodendron . . 402
australe, Vent. . 402
integrifolium, G.Don 403
maculosum, Lindl. . 389
melanocarpum, Muell.403
BlMine 93 2 5 98200
americana, Arn.. . 178
ammannioides, Wight 180
gratioloides, A. Cunn. 179
minima, Fisch. & Mey. 179
pedicellaris, F. Muell. 181
perennis, F. Muell. . 181
tripetala, V. Muell. . 180
verticillaris, F. Muell. 180
Emblinga . . - + 91
calceoliflora, F. Muell. 92
Emmenospermum . . 414
alphitonioides, Muel7. 415

Cunninghamii, Benth. 415
Empleurosma

virgatum, Bartl.. . 480
Erioglossum . . + + 454

edule, Blume . . 454
Eriostemon . . . . 930

alpinus, F. Muell. . 343
amblycarpus, Muell. 345
anceps, Spreng. . . 345
Australasia, auct. . 332
Banksii, A. Cunn. . 332
bilobus, F. Muell. . 345
brevifolius, A. Cunn. 335
buxifolius, Sm. . 333
calycinus, Turez. + 336
capitatus, F. Muell. . 346
correifolius, F. Muell. 350
Crowei, F. Muell . 329
cuspidatus, A, Cunn. 333
dentatus, Colla . - 331
difformis, 4. Cunn. . 335
Drummondii, Muell. 352
ebracteatus, Endl. . 336
. 940
ericifolius, A. Cunn. 335
Geleznowii, F. Muell. 347
grandiflorus, F. Muell. 353
halmaturorum, Muell. 335
Hildebrandii, Muell. 340
hispidulus, Sieb. - - 333
Hookerii, F. Muell. . 852
intermedius, Hook. .

lamprophyllus, Muell. 340
lanceolatus, Geertu. . 332
lancifolius, F. Muell. 333
lepidotus, Spreng. -

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

linearifolius, DC. . 365
linearis, A. Cunn. . 334
,"myoporoides, DC. . 333
nerüfolius, Sieb.. . 333
nodiflorus, Lindi. . 336

obcordatus, A. Cunn. 334
obovatus, A. Cunn. . 334
Oldfieldi, F. Muell.. 341
ovatifolius, F. Muell. 345
- ozothamnoides, Muell. 342
paradorum, Sm.. . 314
parvifolius, R. Br. . 335
phylicifolius, Muell. 339
phylicoides, F. Muell. 341
pleurandroides, Muell 351

pungens, Lindl. . . 338
racemosus, Endl. . 336
- Ralstoni, F. Muell. . 339
rhombeus, Lindl. . 335
. rotundifolius, A.Cunn.341
` Salicifolius, Sm. . . 331
salsolifolius, Sm. . 348

Sandfordii,F.Muell.. 348
scaber, Pazxt.. . 884
sediflorus, F. Muell. 342
serrulatus, F. Muell. 340

Smithianus, Hil. . 335
spicatus, A. Rich. . 336
Squameus, Labill. . 844

trachyphyllus, Muell. 332
trymalioides, Muell. 352
tuberculosus, V. Muell.343
| Turezaninowii, Muell. 330
umbellatus, 'l'urez. . 339
cere A. Rich. 334
. Vitgatus, Æ. Cunn. . 332
Erodium d ee EDT
Cieutarium, P Hér. . 298
erm Nees . . 297

atum, W //d. . 29
Expetion :

hederaceum, G. Don 100
petiolare,G. Don . 100
Teniforme, Sweet . 100
Spathulatum, G. Don 100

m
blennodioides, Muell.

` 76
brevipes, F. Muell. . 76
curvipes, F. Muell. . 75
e, F. Muell. 74

tasturtium, F. Muell. 74
Erythroxylon > . . 283

cttm F. Muell. . 284
| elipticum, R. Br. . 284

D

a
learina,F.Muell. 88

Page

Leichhardtii, Benth. 468
Eupomatia 9$. 88
Bennettii, F. Muell. 54
laurina, R. Br. 54
laurina, Hook. 54

Euroschinus. . . . 490

faleatus, Hook. f. . 490
Evia,Comm. . . .491
Evodia. . ; 801

Cunninghamii, Muell. 362
erythrococca, Muell. 360
micrococca, F. Muell. 361
neurococca, F. Muell. 360
octandra, F. Muell.. 361
pentacocca, F. Muell. 359

Fleischeria
pubens, Steud.
Fhüdersid. .^ V.
australis, R. Br. .
australis, F. Muell. .
Bennettiana, Muell.
maculosa, F. Muell.
Oxleyana, F. Muell.
Schottiana, F, Muell.
Strzeleckiana, Muell.

Frankenia AED
bracteata, Zurez.. . 150
cymbifolia, Hook. . 150
Drummondii, Benth. 152
fruticulosa, DC... 152
glomerata, Zwrez. . 151
levis, F. Muell. . . 151
parvula, Zurez. . . 152
pauciflora, DC. . . 151
pulverulenta, var., DC 152
punctata, Twrez.. . 153
scabra, Lindl. . 151
serpyllifolia, Lindl. . 152
tetrapetala, Labill. . 152

. 195
. 988
. 988
389
389
389
389
388
389

Friesia
peduncularis, DC. . 280

Pee. s. 819
australis, Benth.. . 220
cuneiformis, Benth. . 219
hakerfolia, Benth. . 220
latifolia, Benth. . . 221
populifolia, Benth. . 221
punctata, Benth, . 220

thespesioides, Benth. 220
Fumaria
officinalis, Linn. . 63

Gargga -. . . =». 911
floribunda, Dene. . 377
ij Pe we 363

Geijera mo uA.
latifolia, Lindl. . . 364

Page

Muelleri, Benth. . 364
parviflora, Lind. 364
pendula, Lindl. . . 365
salicifolia, Schott 364
Geleznowia 23 347
calycina, Benth. . . 348
macrocarpa, Benth. . 347
verrucosa, Z'urez. 347
Geocooons ^ i77 79
pusillus, J. Drumm. $0
Geranium. . . . . 295
australe, Nees 296
brevicaule, Hook. f. 297
carolinianum, Linn. 296
dissectum, Linn. . 296
molle, Linn. . . . 296
rviflorum, Willd. . 296
philonothum, DC. . 296
pilosum, Forst. . . 296

potentilloides, I? Hér. 296

sessiliflorum, Cav. . 297
Glycosmis í543 4 O0
citrifolia, Lindl.. . 368
crenulata, Turcz. 369
pentaphylla, Corr. . 367
Gossypium . . . . 222
australe, F. Muell. . 220
Sturtii, F. Muell. . 222
Greevesia. . . + . 207
cleisocalyz, F. Muell. 207
Grewia: .. 2 326.209
breviflora, Benth. . 270
latifolia, F. Muell. . 271
multiflora, Juss. . . 270
orbifolia, F. Muell. . 272
orientalis, Linn. . an
lygama, Roxb.. . 27
P offi, A. Gray 270
Richardiana, Hook. 271
scabrella, Benth.. . 272
sepiaria, Roxb. . . 270
xanthopetala, Muell. 271
Guichenotia . . . . 257
ledifolia, J. Gay . . 258
macrantha, Z'urez. . 258
micrantha, Benth. . 259
sarotes, Benth. . . 258
semihastata, Benth. . 258
Gymnosporia. . + > 400
montana, W. $^ Arn. -
Gynandropsis . + -
"Moeller, Benth.. th
IE la^. 184
; emend Boiss. . . 155
Halothamnus

microphyllus, Muell. 191

500

Page

Haunafordia . . . . 247
quadrivalvis, F. Muell.248
Harpullia . eq Vit

alata, F. Muell. . o. 470
Han, F. Muell. . 470

Leichhardtii, Muell. 470

pendula, Planch. . 471
Harrisonia. . . ... 876
Brownei, A. Juss, . 376

Hartighsea
Fraserana, A. Juss. .
Lessertiana, A. Juss.

38]
382

rufa, A. Rich. . 382
Helicteres. . 231
cana, Benth. . . 232

dentata, F. Muell. . 232

Isora, Linn. . . . 202
Heliophila

pumila, Linn. f. . Di
Hemistemma. . . 469

angustifolium, R. Br. 21
asperifolium, F. Muell. 23
Banksti, R. Br. . 21
candicans, Hook. f.. 21
cdealbatum, Br. . . 21
ledifolium, A, Cunu. 22
Leschenaultii, DO. . 18
revolutum, Turez. . 24
Hemistephus ` `
linearis, Drumm, . 22

Heritiera littoralis, A£. 231

Heterodendron .
diversifolium, Muell.
oleæfolium, Desf.

AT T & 2547
acerosa, Benth. . . 24
acicularis, F. Muel. 29
amplexicaulis, Steud. 38

angustifolia, Benth.. 21

angustifolia, Salisb. 33
argentea, Steud. « . 35
aspera, DC. . . . 28
vespera, Steud. . . 23
astrophylia, Steud. . 23
aurea, Steud.. . . 25
Banksii, Benth, . . 20
basttricha, Steud. . 44
Billardieri, F. Muell. 28
bracteata, Benth. 25
bracteosa, Turez. 38
Brownei, Benth. . 21
bupleurifolia, Lehm. 39
camphorosma,A,Gray 33
candicans, Benth. 21
canescens, Sieb. 36

~ cinerascens, Steud. . 23
` eistifolia, R. Br. . . 30

Page
commutata, Steud. . 35
confertifolia, Steud, 35
corifolia, Bot. Mag. 82
crassifolia, Benth. 25
crenata, Andr. 37
Cunninghamii, Hook. 39
dealbata, Benth. . . 21
densiflora, F. Muell. 26
dentata, R. Br. . 38
depressa, Steud. . ET]
diffusa, R. Br. . . 36
dilatata, A. Cunn. . 37
discolor, Steud. . 35
disticha, Lehm. . 39
echiifolia, R. Br.. . 31
ericifolia, Hook. f. . 32
fasciculata, R. Br. 33
furfuracea, Benth. . 23
glaberrima, F. Muell. 39
glandulosa, Schlecht. 33
glomerata, Benth. 34
gracilipes, Benth. 28
. grossularizefolia, Salisb. 31
hastata, Steud. . . 39
hermannisfolia, DC. 30
hirsuta, Benth. . . 26
humifusa, F. Muell. 27
hypericoides, Benth, 23
inclusa, Benth. . . 34
lactucefolia, Steud.. 39
lasiopus, Benth. , 40
latifolia, Steud. . 37
ledifolia, Benth. . . 22
lepidophylla, V. Muell. 24
lepidota, R. Br. . . 31
leptopus, Benth.. . Al
linearis, R, Br. . . 36
lineata, Steud. . . 24
microphylla, Sieb. 27
microphylla, Steud. 23
monogyna, R. Br. . 37
montana, Steud.. . 35
mucronata, Benth. . 29
Muelleri, Benth. . 21
Mylnei, Benth. . . 39
nitida, Benth. . . 25)
nutans, Benth. . . 40
obcuneata, Salisb. . 42
oblongata, R. Br. 30-
obtusifolia, DC.. . 36
ochrolasia, Benth. . 32
ovata, Steud.. . . 35
pachyrhiza, Steud. . 44
pallida, Steud. . . -25
pedunculata, R. Br.. 32
perfoliata, Endl.. . 38
pilosa, Steud.. ... 35

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
22

olystachya, Benth. .
poy. y

potentillzeflora, Muell.

procumbens, DC. 33
prostrata, Hook. 33
proxima, Steud. . . 23
pungens, Benth... 40
recurvifolia, Benth. . 24
rostellata, Zwrez.. . 34
salicifolia, F. Muell. 47
saligna, R. Br. . . 87
scabra, R. Br. . . 31
sericea, Benth. . 26
serpyllifolia, R. Br.. 32
spicata, F. Muell. 22
squamosa, 'T'arez. 46
stellaris, Hud. 4l
stricta, R. Br. 27
subexcisa, Steud. . 46
tenuiramea, Steud. . 41
tomentosa, R. Br. . 30
trachyphylla, Steud, 23

velutina, R. Br.. . 30

verrucosa, Benth. 22
vestita, A. Cunn. 31
virgata, R. Br. . 34
virgata, Hook. . . 33
volubilis, dvdr. . . 37

Tibiscus 209 downs 807
Beckleri, F. Muell. . 213
brachychlenus, Muell. 211
brachysiphonius Muwe/7.210
cannabinus, Linn. . 212
Coatesii, F. Muell. . 214
coronopifolius, Mig. 220
cuneiformis, DC. . 219
divaricatus; Grah. . 212
diversifolius, Jacg. . 213 `
Drummondii, Turez. 211
Elliottii, F. Muell. . 211
ficulneus, Linn. . . 209
geraniifolius, Tore, 218.
geranioides, 4. Cunn. 215
grandiflorus, Salisb. 213
grossulariafolius,Mig.218
hakeafolius, Giord. . 220
heterophyllus, Vent. 212
Huegelii, Exdl. . . 211
Krichauffianus, Muell. 216
leptocladus, Benth. . 214
lilacinus, Lindl. . . 220
Lindleyi, Wall. . . 212
magnificus, F. Muell. 212
Manihot, Linn. . 10
Margerie, A. Cunn. 213
Meisneri, Miq. . .218
microchlenus, Muell: 211
multifidus, Paxt. +

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 501

Page : Page Page
Normani, P. Muell, 216 | Iouidium . . . . . 101 molle, Benth.. . . 266
panduriformis, Burm. 215 aurantiacum, F. Muell. 102 Oldfieldii, F. Muell.. 264
Patersoni, DC. . . 218 Australasia, Behr . 108 oppositifolium, Muell. 262
Patersonius, Andr. . 218 brevilabre, Benth. . 102 parviflorum, Rudge . 262
pentaphyllns, Muell. 214 calycinum, Steud. . 104 purpureum, Ait. . . 953
pentaphyllus, Roxb. 210 filiforme, F. Muell. . 103 quercifolium, Andr. . 252
Pinonianus, Gaud. . 211 floribundum, Walp. . 102 quinquenervium, Turc. 264
Pinonianus, Miq. -. 217 glaucum, Steud. . . 104 rosmarinifolium, Bth. 264
prostratus, Roxb. . 209 linarioides, Pres] . 103 rubiginosum, A. Cunn. 264
punctatus, A. Cunn. 221 monopetalum,R.& Sch. 103 rufum, R. Br. . . 263
radiatus, Cav. . . 212 multiflorum, Turez. . 103 Schulzenii, Benth. . 265
rhodopetalus, Muell. 209 suffruticosum, Ging. 101 Siebert, Steetz . . 264
Richardsoni, Sweet . 210 Vernonii, F. Muel/.. 103 solanaceum, Sims . 251
setulosus, F. Muell.. 214 | Itea spinosa, Andr. . 115 stelligerum, Turez, . 257

solanifolius, F. Muell. 211 | Zziesporus triphyllum, Labill. . 253
splendens, Fras. . . 218 spinescens, F. Muell. 122 Wilhelni,Y. Muell.. 261
strictus, Roxb. . . 209 Lavatera 60... . 586

Sturtii, Hook. . . 216 | Keraudrenia . . . - 245 Behriana, Schlecht. . 186
thespesioides, R. Br. 220 hermannieefolia, J. Gay 247 hispida, Desf.. . . 186
tiliaceus, Linn. . . 218 Hillii, F. Muell.. . 246 plebeia, Sims 65. TER
tridactylites, Lindl. . 210 Hookeri, F. Muell. . 246 | Lawrencia

trionioides, G. Don . 210 Hookeriana, Walp. . 246 glomerata, Hook. . 190
trionum, Linn, . . 210 integrifolia, Steud. . 247 spicata, Hook. . . 189
tubulosus, Cav. . . 216 integrifolia, Hook. . 246 squamata, Nees. . 190
vitifolius, Linz. . . 215 lanceolata, Benth. . 245 | Lawsonia —

Wraye, Lind. . . 217 microphylla, Steetz . 247 acronychia, Linn. f. . 367
zonatus, F. Muell. . 213 nephrosperma, Benth, 246 | Leed .. +. . . s> 451
Hippocratea. . . . 404 | velutina, Steetz . . 247 | sambucina, Wild. .451
barbata, F. Muell. . 404 | staphylea, Roxb.. . 451
macrantha, Korth. . 404 | Lagunea Lepa. `

obtusifolia, Boch, . 404 Patersonia, Bot. Mag. 218 linifolia, Desv. . . 84

Howitia . . . . . 198| sqwamea, Vent. . . 218 rotunda, Desv. . . 85
trilocularis, F. Muell. 198 | Lagunaria . . « - 218 | Lepidium . . . - > 83
Hutchinsia cuneiformis, G. Don. 219 ambiguum, V. Muell 87

australis, Hook. f. . 82 lilacina, Walp. . . 220 crispum, Dear v. 587
procumbens, R. Br. . 81 Patersoni, Ai. . . 218 cuneifolium, pC. . 86
tasmanica, Hook. f.. 88 | Lasiopetaium. . . - 959 | foliosum, Desv. . . 86

` Hutia acutiflorum, Turez. . 264 | ` fruticulosum, Desv.. 8T
conspicua, Drumm, . 47 | arborescens, Ait... 945 | "impressum, Bunge . 86
— Hydropeltis Baueri, Seetz . . 263 | Ayssopifolium, Desv. 87

urea, Mich. . . 61 Behrii,F. Muell. . 261 leptopetalum, F. Muell. 84
à eege `" ` ` 1031 bracteatum, Benth. . 266 |. linifolium, Benth. . 84
angustifolia, R. Br.. 105 capitellatum, Turez. 260 monoplocoides, Muell. 85
Banksii, F. Muell. . 104 confertiflorum, Muell. 260 Nove-Hollandie,Desv. 87
dentata, R. Br. . . 104 | cordifolium, End. . 265 | papillosum, F. Muell. 86
Hymenosporum . . . 114 | dasyphyllum, Sied. . 261 phlebopetalum, F. Mue//. 85
flavum, F. Muell. . 114 | discolor, Hook. . . 260 piscidium e: 86
Hypericum . . . , 181 Drummondii, Benth. 264 | puberulum, Bunge - 87
gramineum, Forst. . 182 dumosum, Lodd.. . 240 rotundum, Dc. eee 85
involutum, Chois. . 182 ferrugineum, Sm.. . 263 ruderale, Zinn. . . 86
japonicum, Thunb. . 182 floribundum, Benth.. 265 _ strongylophyllum,
pedicellare, Endl. . 182 Gunnii, Steetz . 261| . F. Muell. . . .. 84
pusillum, Chois. . . 182 | > indutum, Steud. . . 261 | Lepigonum
Hyptisndres: |. o 2904 | -dedifolium, Ven. 3A | anceps, Bartl 7. 103
Bidwilli, Hook.f. . 374 macrophyllum, Grał. 262 brevifolium, Bartl. . 162
Bers ` membranaceum,Benth.266 | ` larifforwm, Bartl. . 162
“linearifolia, DC. + 84| micrantbum, Hook.f. 262 | rubrum, Fries. -> ` 162

502

Page
Leucocarpon
obscurum, A. Rich. . 401
Leucothamnus
montanus, Lindl. . 250

polyspermus, Turcz. .
Limonia
parvifolia, Hook.
australis, A. Cunn. .
Tonin«o ne
angustifolium, DC. .
gallicum, Linn.
marginale, A. Cunn.
suædæfolium, Planch. 283
Lopadocalyx
phyllanthoides, Kl. .

uliginosus, Kl. . . 393
Lychnis
Githago, Linn. . . 156

Celi-rosa, Desv. . .

Lyriosepalum. . . .
- PBarryauum, F. Muell. 267
rugosum, Benth. .

Maya eeey
Behriana, Schlecht. .

brachystachya, Muell. 187 |:

ovata, Cav. . . >

Preissiana, Miq.. .

rotundifolia, Zinn. . 186
spicata, Linn. 187
sylvestris, Linn. . 186
timoriensis, DC. . 186
verticillata, Linn. 186

tricuspidata, A. — .
Malvastrum . . . >
spicatum, Æ. Gray . 187
tricuspidatum, A.Gray 187
Marianthus . eS
angustifolius, Putterl. 125
bignoniaceus, F.Mued/.118
eandidus, Hueg. . . 119
celestis, Putterl.. . 125
cceruleo-punctatus,
Klotzsch e . . 119
Drummondianus, Bth. 119
erubescens, Putteri.. 120
floribundus, Putterl. 120
granulatus, Benth. . 118
laxiflorus, Benth. . 119
lineatus, F. Muell. . 121
microphyllus, Benth. 117
parviflorus, F. Muell. 118
pictus, Lindl.. . . 121
procumbeus, Benth. . 117
purpureus, Turcz. . 120

Page
rhytidosporus, Muell. 117
tenuis, Benth. . 119

venustus, Putterl. . 125

villosus, Benth. . . 117
Mazeutoxeron

reflerum, Labill.. . 355

rufum, Labill. . 854

Medicosma . . . . 861
Cunninghamii, Hook f. 362
Melhania . eios iB
incana, Heyne . . 234
oblongifolia, F. Muell. 234
Mela .*. . . . 380

australasica, A. Juss. 380
composita, Willd. . 380
Melicope . . . . . 359
australasica, F. Muell. 360
erythrococca, Benth. 360
neurococca, Benth. . 360
Melycitus
oleaster, Lindl. 401
Melochia. . . + « 204
concatenata, Linn. . 235
corchorifolia, Linz. . 235
nodiflora, Sw. . 285

pyramidata, Linn. . 234
supina, Linn.. . . 235
Melodorum . . . . 52
Leichhardtii, Benth.. 52
Meniocus
australasicus, Turez. 71
linifolius, DC. . . 71
serpyllifolius, Desv.. 1
Meskes $08 9 € v0DBO
australis, Lehm. . . 80
draboides, Hook.f. . 80
procumbens, F. Muell. 80
Methorium
canum, Schott . 982
integrifolium,F.M uell. 232
Microclisia, Benth.. . 59
Microcybe . . . . 346
albiflora, Turez. . . 347
multiflora, Twrez. .
pauciflora, Zwrez. . 346
Microlepidium
pilosulum, F. Muell. 82
Micromelum . nae BOO.
glabrescens, Benth. . 368
pubescens, Blume . 368
Monoploca
leptopetala, F. Muell. 85
linifolia, Bunge . . 85
rotunda, Bunge . . 85
phlebopetala, F. Muell. 85
Montis. 65% HT
fontana, Linn. . . 177

-Nematolepis .

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

- Page

Murraya . . ee B68
crenulata, Oliv. . . 369
exotica, Linn. . 869
paniculata, Jack. . 369

Myosorus. . . . - 8
minimus, Linn. . . 8
aristatus, Gey. . . 8
australis, F. Muell.. 9

Nasturtium ow 65
officinale, Linn. . . 65
palustre, DC.. . +
semipinnatifidum, Hk. 66
terrestre, Br.. . . 66

Nelumbium . . . . 62
speciosum, Willd. . 62

phebalioides, Zurez. . 356
Nemedra
eleagnoidea, A. Juss. 383
Nephelium ic. d Wé
Beckleri, Benth.. . 467
connatum, F. Muell. 465
coriaceum, Benth. . 466
divaricatum, F. Muell. 467
foveolatum, F. Muell. 466
leiocarpum, F. Muell. 467
microphyllum, Benth. 468
subdentatum, F.Mwell.465
tomentosum, F. Muell. 466
Nitraria voce o QE
Billiardierit, DC. . 291
Olivieri, Jaub. & Spach 291
Schoberi, Linn. . . 291
Nymphea. . . + > 61
gigantea, Hook. . . 61
stellata, F. Muell. . 61

Ochrolasia *
Drummondi, Turez. . 33
OE - ogee

aphyila, R. Br. «. « 898

Benthamiana, Mig. . 393
phyllanthi, R. Br. . 392
retusa, F. Muell. . 392
stricta, R. Br. . 892
uliginosa, Kl. . . 393
Oncosporum
bicolor, Putterl. . + 121
Drummondianum,
Pellets; gos ve M9

granulatum, Turcz. . 118

microphyllum, Tore, 117
villosum, 'Turez. . - 118
| Opilia . «52095

amentacea, Roxb. . 394
javanica, Miq «+ 394.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

B Page
pentitdis, Blume. . 394
Ornitrophe
serrata, Roxb. . 455
Oweua . . . . . 984
acidula, F. Muell. . 385

cerasifera, F. Muell. 386
reticulata, F. Muell. 386
venosa, F. Muell. . 386
vernicosa, F. Muell. 385
xerocarpa, F. Muell. 386
EN... vov: BOO
Acetosella, Linn. . 800
cataracte, A. Cunn. 300
cognata, Steud. . . 301
corniculata, Linn. . 301
lactea, Hook. . . 300
magellanica, Forst. . 300
microphylla, Poir, . 301
perennans, Haw. . 301
Preissiana, Steud. . 301
Ozleya
zanthozyla, A. Cunn. 389
Pachygone . . . 58
pubescens, Benth. 58
Pachynema . . . . 47
complanatum, R. Br. 48
conspicuum, Benth.. 47
dilatatum, Benth, . 48
junceum, Benth. . 47
Paver. pe OB
aculeatum, Thunb. . 63
gariepinum, DC.. . 63
horridum, DC. . . 63
Paritium
tiliaceum, St. Hil, . 218
Wraye, Walp. , 217
vonia . n MOT
hástata, Cav. . . 207
Pelargonium . . 298
acugnaticum, Thou.. 299
anceps, Ait. . . .299
australe, Willd. . . 298

clandestinum, L' Hér. 299
crinitum, Nees . . 299
Drummondii, Turez. 299
erodioides, Hook. . 299
glomeratum, Jacq. . 299
grossularioides, Ait. 299
inodorum, Willd.. . 299
littorale, Hueg. . . 299
Rodneyanum, Lind]. 299
stenanthum, Turez. . 299
Pennantia. . . . . 395
. Cunninghamii, Miers 395
Pentaceras . . . , 365
. australis, Hook. f.

. 965

Page

Pericampylus 56
incanus, Miers . 56
Phebalium . . . . 336

amblycarpum, Benth, 345

anceps, DC. . 945
argenteum, Sm. . . 344
asteriscophorum,

F. Muell, . 350
aureum, A. Cunn. . 343
Baxteri, Benth. . . 845

Billardieri, 4. Juss. . 344
bilobum, Lindl, . . 940
bilobum, Bartl. . . 345
brachyphyllum, Bent. 341
buxifolium, A. Cunn. 351
correafolium, A. Juss. 350

Daviesi, Hook. f. . 342
dentatum, Sm. . 939
diosmeum, A. Juss. . 341
Drummondii, Benth. 343
eleagnifolium,A.Juss 343
eleagnoides, Sieb. . 344
elatius, Benth. . 840
elatum, A. Cunn. , 344
filifolium, Turez.. . 944

glandulosum, Hook.. :
grandiflorum, Hook.
hexapetalum, A. Juss.
lachnoides, 4. Cunn.
lamprophyllum, DÄ, *
microphyllum, Turcz.
montanum, Hook.

obcordatum, A. Cunn.
Oldfieldi, F. Muell. . 340
ovatifolium, F. Muell. 345
ovatum, Sieb. . . 350
ozothamnoides, Muell. 342
phylicifolium, Muell. 339
phylicoides, Sieb. — 341

docarpoides, Muell. 343
mg . 838

pungens, Benth. .
Ralstoni, Benth. . . 939
retusum, Hook. . . 344

rotundifolium, Benth. 341
rude, Bartl. . . 345
salicifolium, A. Juss. 339
sediflorum, F. Muell. 342
` squamuligerum, Hook.352
uamulosum, Fent.. 342
truncatum, Hook. f. 340
tuberculosum, Benth. 343
Philtheca . . + . 848
australis, Rudge. . 348
ciliata, Hook. «. + 348
Gaudichaudi, G. Don d
Le ja, Turcz. +

id ere iana, Sieġ.348

503

- Page
Pigea
Banksiana, DC.. . 101
calycina, DC. . 104
filiformis, DC. . . 103
floribunda, Lindl. . 103
glauca, Endl. . . 104
monopetala, Ging. . 103
Pittosporum . . . 109

acacioides, A. Cunn. 113
angustifolium, Lodd. 113

bicolor, Hook, . . 113
discolor, Regel . 113
ferrugineum, Ait. . 112
flavum, Hook. . 114
Sulvum, Rudge . 112
hirsutum, Link 112

Huegelianum, Putterl. 113
lanceolatum, A.Cunn. 113
ligustrifolium,A .Cunn.113
linifolium, A. Cunn. 112
longifolium, Putterl. 113
melanospermum,
F. Muell. .
nanum, Hook. . 117
oleafolium, A. Cunn. 113
ovatifolium, F. Muell. 112
parviflorum, Putterl. 114
phillyræoides, DC. . 112
procumbens, Hook. . 117
revolutum, Ait. . . 111
rhombifolium,A .Cunz.110
Roéaaum, Putterl. . 113
rubiginosum, A. Cunn. 112
salicinum, Lind. . 113
tinifolium, A. Cunn.. 112
tomentosum, Bonpl. . 112

SLL

undulatum, Fent. . 111
Plagianthus . . 187
diffusus, Benth. . . 190
glomeratus, Benth. . 190
Lampenii, Lindl. 188
microphyllus, Muell. 180
pulchellus, Æ. Gray . 189
sidoides, Hook. 188
spicatus, Benth. . . 189
squamatus, Benth. . 190
tasmanicus, A. Gray 189
Platynema ;
laurifolium, W.& Arn. 286
ytheca. . - + + 136
crassifolia, Steetz 136
crucianella, Steetz . 136
galioides, Steetz . 136
Plegynm . . . . . 58
australis, Benth.. . 59
Pleurandra
acerosa, R. Br. . . 24

504

Page
acicularis, Labill. . 29
asterotricha, Sieb. 28
bracteata, R. Br. 26
calycina, A. Cunn. . 27
calycina, DC... 27
camforosma, Sieb. 33
cinerea, R. Br. 26
cinerea, Sieb. . 28

cistiflora, Sieb. 27
cistoidea, Hook. . 27
eneorum, DC . 25

cognata, Steud. . 24
crassifolia, Turez. . 25
densiflora, Hook. f. . 26
diamesogenos, Steud. 24
empetrifolia, DC. 28
enervia, DC. . e 43
ericifolia, DC. . . 27
Jumana, Sieb. 291
Surfuracea, R. Br. . 23
glaucophylla, Steud. 25
hemignosta, Steud. . 43
hibbertioides, Steud. 43
hirsuta, Hook. f. . 26
hypericoides, DC. . 23
incana, Lindl. . . 27
intermedia, DC.. . 82
juniperina, Turez. . 24
microphylla, Sieb. . 27
mucronata, Turez. . 29
nitida, R. Br. . 25
ovata, Labill. . 28
parviflora, R. Br. 28
pedunculata, R. Br. 29
recurvifolia, Steud. . 24
reticulata, Hook. . 19
riparia, R. Br. . . 2T
scabra, R. Br. . . 28
sericea, R. Br. + . 26
stricla, R. Br. coal
triandra, Turez. . . 29
verrucosa, Turez. . 22
Pleuropetalum
Samoense,A.Gr. . 396
suaveolens, Blume . 396
Plokiostigma ` —
Lehmanni, Schueh. . 407
Pecilodermis
populnea, Schott . 229
Polauiis . .. .. + e 399
yiscosa, DC. . . . 90
Polyalthia . . . . 51
nitidissima, Benth. . 51
Polycarpea .. ... . 163

breviflora, F. Muell. 166
` corymbosa, Lam. . 166
: ~ involucrata, F. Muell. 167

Page
longiflora, F. Muell. 164
spicata, Arn. . . 167

spirostyles, F. Muell. 165
staminodina, Muell. 166
staticeformis, Steud. 167
eynandra, F. Muell. 165
violacea, Benth. . . 165
Polycarpon eae
alsinefolium, DC. . 163
tetraphyllum, Linn. f. 163
Polygala . . . . . 138
arvensis, Willd. . . 140

eriocephala, F. Muell. 139
japonica, Houtt. . . 139
leptalea, DC. . . . 139
oligophylla, DC. . . 139

orbicularis, Benth. . 140
rhinanthoides, Soland. 140
stenoclada, Benth. . 141

veronicea, F. Muell. . 139
Pomaderris . . 415
acuminata, link. . 418
emula, Steud. . . 429
albicans, Steud. . . 423

andromedafolia, A.
Gams. 400647

betalisn, 4. Qisn. . 491

biaurita, F. Muell. . 421
ciuerea, Benth. . 420
commixta, Steud. . 429

discolor, DC. . . 418

elachophylla,F. Muell. 422
elliptica, Labill. . . 417
ericifolia, Hook. . 422
ferruginea, Sieb.. . 417

globulosa, G. Don . 429
grandis, F. Muell. . 417

hirsuta, Steud. . . 428
hirta, Reissek . . 417
intermedia, Sieb. . 418
lanigera, Sims . . 416
lanigera B, DC. . . 417

ledifolia, 4. Cunn. . 419
ligustriua, Sieb. . . 420
malifolia, Sieb. . . 418
multiflora, Fenzl. 418
myrtilloides, Fenzl . 419
obcordata, Fenzl. . 421
obovata, Hook. . . 429
obscura, Sieb. . . 417
ovaria, Muell. & Reiss. 422
paniculosa, F. Muell.

& Reis. > r « 422
parvifolia, Hook. . 428
phillyrzoides, Sieb. . 418

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

* Page
phillyreafolia, Fenzl 418
phillyriafolia, Steud. 429

phylicifolia, Logd. . 422
polifolia, Reiss. . >. 423
polyantha, Steud. . 429

prunifolia, A. Cunn. pe
rrhophylla, Steud. 4
esie HAE: egret
rosmarinifolia, Stend. 424
thulata, G. Don . 424
stenopetala, F. Muell. 419 .
subrepanda, F. Muell. 422
subretusa, Steud. . 429
vacciniifolia, Reissek 418
viridirufa, Sieb.. . 417
Wendlandiana, Don 417
westringiafolia,Steud.431
Popowia . . . svat BE

australis, Benth. . . 52
Portenschlagia à
integrifolia, Tratt. . 403
australis, Tratt. . . 403
Portulaca. . . . + 168
australis, Endl: . . 169
bicolor, F. Muell. . 170
digyna, F. Muell. . 170
filifolia, F. Muell. . 169

napiformis, F. Muell. 169

oleracea, Linn. . . 169
oligosperma, P. Muell. 170
Pronaya . . 125

angustifolia, Lehm.. 125
elegans, Hueg. . + 125
Huegeliana, Putterl. 125

lanceolata, Turez. . 125
latifolia, Turez. . 124
sericea, Turez. « + 125
speciosa, Endl. 126
Pterospermum . 233

acerifolium, Willd. .,238
Rnonewlus . à «4 « Y

acaulis, Banks . 14
anemoneus, F. Muell. 11
aquatilis, Linn. . . 10
Biternatus, Sms M
collinus, R. Br. gc 14
tolonormit, End. 032
tunsatus, Hook... 13
discolor, Steud. . + 12

Gunnianus, Hook. . 11
hirtus, Banks. + -+ 18
hirtus, Hook. f. . - 12.
incisus, Hook. f: e 14
inconspicuus, Hook. f- 14

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
inundatus, Banks 14
lappaceus, Sm. 12
leptocaulis, Hook. 14
macropus, Hook. 14
Millani, F. Muell. 10
Muelleri, Benth. 13
muricatus, Lian. . 15
nanus, Hook. . 43
parviflorus, Zinn. 14

` philonotis, Retz . 15
^ pilulifer, Hook. . . 14
pimpinellifolius, Hook. 12
pinnatus, Poir. . . 13
plebeius, R. Br. . . 13
pumilio, R. Br. . 14
rivularis, Banks . . 13
Robertsoni, Benth. . 10
scapigerus, Hook, 12
` sessiliflorus, R. Br. . 14
Raphanus sativus, Linn. 65
tonia omes oU
anodonta, Benth. . 461
distylis, F. Muell. . 462
pyriformis, Benth. . 461
stipitata, Benih. . . 461
tenax, Benth. . 461
Rhamnus . D, A
Napeca, Linn. . . 412
@Œnoplia, Linn. . . 412
vitiensis, Benth. 413
zizyphoides, Soland.. 414
EZ... o. a 488
rhodanthema, Muell. 489
` viticifolia, F, Muell. . 489
Rhyncostemon
€anescens, Steetz. . 256
glutinosum, Steetz 256

corchorifolia, DC. .
P» i

altheæfolia, Turcz. .
cistifolia, A. Cunn. .
corylifolia, Grah. — .
corylifolia, Steud. — .
rispa, Turez. . +
cristifolia, A. Cunn.

densiflora, Benth. -
YOL, I.

aurantiaca, Lindl. . 294

Billardieri, A. Juss. 294

fabagifolia, A. Juss. 294

_ latifolia, Hook. f. . 292
eria

. eleomoides, F. Muell. 91

Rulingia . 237

239
240
239
240
244

240
1

cuneata, Turez. . . 24

241

Page
grandiflora, Endl. . 239
hermaunizfolia, Steetz 240
hexamera, Turez. . 241
loxophylla, F. Muell. 240
malvzfolia, Steetz . 239
nana, Turez. . . . 240
oblongifolia, Steetz . 240
pannosa, R. Br. . . 238
parviflora, Endl. . . 240
platycalyx, Benth. . 240
puichella, Turcz. . 244
rotundifolia, Zurez. . 241
rugosa, Sfeetz . . 238
salvifolia, Benth. . 238

Ryssopterys . . + + 285
timorensis, B/ume . 285

Saccopetalum . . . 53
Bidwilli, Benth. . . 53
Sagma. . . . . . 159
apetala, Lim. . . 160
procumbens, Linn. . 160
Salmalia
malabarica, Schott . 223
Salomonia . . = ->
oblongifolia, DC. . 138
obovata, Wight . . 138
Sandfordia
calycina, Drumm, . 348
Sapindus . . . >»
australis, Benth.. . 464
cinereus, A. Cunn. . 465
rubiginosus, Roxb. . 454
salicifolius, DC.. . 463
Sareopetalum . > - 56
Harveyanum, F. Muell. 57
Sarotes .
latifolia, Turcz. . 265
ledifolia, Lindl. . . 258
micrantha, Steetz . 259
rosmarinifolia, Turez. 265
semihastata, F. Muell. 258
Schmidelia . . . - 455
anodonta, F. Muell. =

Scolopia. . . . - 107
Brownii, F. Muell. . 107
491

Senebiera. . . 82

D H
P
^

Coronopus, Poir 88
didyma, Pers. + + 83

integrifolii, DC. . . 82

505

P
linoides, DC.. . . Gi
pinnatifida, DC. . . 83
mexicana, Hook. & Arn. 83
Seringia . . . . 244
corollata, Steetz . . 246
grandiflora, F. Muell. 247
integrifolia, F. Muell. 247
lanceolata, Steetz . 246
microphylla, F. Muell. 247
nephrosperma, Muell. 247
platyphylla, J. Gay . 244
velutina, F. Muell. . 247
Sid. 79 A
Abutilon, Linn. . . 203
altheifolia, Linn. . 197
asiatica, Linn. . . 203
aurita, Wall.. . . £03
calyxhy menia, J. Gay 194
carpenoides, DC. . 187
compressa, DC. . . 196
cordifolia, Zinn. . . 196
corrugata, Lindl. . 192
‘crispa, Linn. . . . 206
cryphiopetala, Muell. 194
cryptopetala, F.Muell. 202
discolor, Hook. . . 188
fibulifera, Lindl. . 193
filiformis, A. Cunn. . 193
Fraseri, Hook. . . 208
geranioides, DC. 209
graveolens, Roxb. 204
humillima, F. Muell. 193
Hookeriana, fig. . 197
inclusa, Benth. . . 197
indica, Linn. . . . 203
interstans, F. Muell. 192
intricata, F. Muell. . 193
Lawrencia, F. Muell. 189
liophloia, Miq. . . 197
leucopetala, F. Muell. 201
macropoda, F. Muell. 193
micropetala, R. Br.. 201
mutica, Del. . . . 208
nematopoda, F. Muell. 193
oaycarpa, F. Muell.. 204
pedunculata,A.Cunn. 193
petrophila, F. Muell. 194

pulchella, Bonpl. . 189
-relusa, Linn. .. . . 196
rhombifolia, Linn. . 196
rhomboidea, Roxb. . 196
rupestris, "T v. M8

L

pem

506 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
spinosa, Linn, . . 196
spodochroma, Muell. 192
subspicata, F. Muell. 195
tasmanica, Hook. f, 189
tiliæfolia, Fisch... 204
tomentosa, Roxb. . 205
trichopoda, F. Muell. 193
tubulosa, A. Cunn. . 200
virgata, Hook. . . 194
Büewe 91 pein ee 188
anglica, Linn, . . 155
cerastoides, Linn, . 155
gallica, Lian... . .. 155
lusitanica, Linn. . 155
quinquevulnera, linn. 155
Sinapis .
geniculata, Dest . 65
hastata, Desf. . Dä
Siphonodon . . . . 408
australe, Benth. . . 403
Sisymbrium . . . . 72
eremigerum, F. Muell. 75
filifolium, F. Muell. . 74
nasturtioides, F. Muell. 74
officinale, Scop. . . 72
palustre, Leyss. . . 66
trisectum, F. Muell. 74
terrestre, With. . . 66
Solea
calycina, Spreng. . 104
monopetala, Spreng. 103
Bera GH eoo AO
Drummondi, Morren 127
heterophylla, Lind/.. 126
linearis, Lindl. . . 126
parviflora, Turcz. . 126
salicifolia, Marnock 127
Spanoghea
connata, F. Muell. . 465
d nephelioides, ¥.Muell. 467
pergula
affnis, Hook. f. . . 161
apetala, Labill. . . 161
arvensis, Linn. . . 161
subulata, Durv. . . 160
Spergularia . . . «16l
rubra, Pers. . » + 101
rupestris, Fenzl . . 162
Spermaxyrum
phyllanthi, Labill. . 392
Spiranthera
Fraseri, Hook. , . 126

vox m 05

rosa
bifidum, F, Muell. . 432

Page
eoactilifolium, Reiss. 431
complicatum, Muell. 431
cordatum, Benth. . 430
diffusum, Reiss. . . 433
divaricatum, Benth.. 427
eriocephalum, Fenzl 434
globulosum, Benth, . 429
Gunnii, Benth. . . 429
halmaturinum, Muell. 432
Lawrencii, Benth. . 430
microcephalum, Benth.434
obovatum, Benth. . 429
oligocephalum, Benth, 433
parvifolium, F. Muell. 428
pauciflorum, Benth, . 432
phlebophyllum, Muell. 430
phylicoides, Reiss, . 433
prostratum, Reiss. . 434
serpyllaceum, Muell. 427
spadiceum, Benth. . 428
spathulatum, Muell. . 430
Stuartii, Reiss. . . 431
subochreatum, Reiss. 432
thymifolium, Reiss. . 431
tridentatum, Benth. . 427
ulicinum, Benth.. . 434
uncinatum, Reiss. . 434
vexilliferum, Reiss. . 433
villosum, Benth. . 432
Waterhousii, Muell. 437
westringisefolium, Béh, 431

Staekhousia . . . . 405

aspericocca, Schuch. 406
Brunonis, Benth. . 409
dorypetala, Schuch. . 408
elata, F. Muell. . . 408
flava, Hook. . . . 407
Gunniana, Schlecht. 406
Gunnii, Hook. f. . 406
Huegelii, Endl. . . 407
linariefolia, A. Cunn. 406
maculata, Sieb. . , 406
monogyna, Labill. , 406
monogyna, Sieb. . AUS
Muelleri, Schuch. . 406
muricata, Lind]. . . 408
nuda, Lind. . . . 408
obtusa, Lindl.. . . 406
pubescens, 4. Rich. . 407
pulvinaris, F. Muell. 405
scoparia, Benth. . , 409
spathulata, Sieb. , . 406
viminea, Sm. . . . 408

Stellaria. . . . 4 448

angustifolia, Hook. . 158
cespitose, took. f. . 158
flaccida, Hook. . . 158

Page

glauca, With.. . . 158
media, Linn, . . . 159
media, var., Hook. f. 158
multiflora, Hook.. . 159
pungens, Brongn, . 157
squarrosa, Hook. . 157
Stenanthemum . . . 435
coronatum, Reiss. . 436
humile; Benth, . . 436
leucophraetum, Reiss. 435
pimeleoides, Benth. . 436
pomaderroides, Reiss. 435
tridentatum, Reiss. . 427,
435

Waterhousii, Benth.. 436
Stenodiscus
ulicinus, Reiss. . . 434
Stenopetalum . . "7
croceum, Bunge. . 19
draboides, Hook. . 80
filifolium, Benth. . 78
gracile, Bunge . »
incisefolium,Hook.f. 81
lineare, R. Br. . . 78
minus, Bunge. . . 19
nutans, F. Muell. . 79
pedicellare, F. Muell. 19
procumbens, Hook. . 80
robustum, Endl. . . 79
spheerocarpum, Muell. 78
velutinum, F. Muell. 78
Stephania. . . ... BT
australis, Miers . . 57
Gaudichaudi, A. Gr. 57
hernandicefolia, Walp. 57
Sterculia coe- norena
acerifolia, 4. Cunn. . 229
acerifolia, A. Cunn.. 228
Bidwilli, Hook. , . 228
caudata, Hew. . . 230
discolor, F. Muell. - 228
diversifolia, G. Don . 229
fetida, Linn. . . + 226
incana, Benth. . + 228
lurida, F. Muell.. . 228
pubescens, F. Muell. 228 `
quadrifida, R. Br. - 221
ramiflora, Benth, . 227
rupestris, Benth.. - 230
trichosiphon, Benth. 229
Streptothamnus . . . 108
Beckleri, F. Muell. . 108
Moorei, F. Muell. . 108
Strzeleckya
dissosperma, Muell. . 389
Sturtia

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page
NEDDA — 6.598975
maritima, Zinn. . . 915
Symphyopetalum
correoides, Drum. . 356
Eud s . . . .98
glandulosum, 4. Juss. 384
Talinum
2o manum, Nees: engste?
` polyandrum, Hook. . 173
— Tarrietia . (0o 9890
argyrodendron, Benth, 230
Tasmannia ` i
aromatica, R. Br. 49
dipetala, R. Br. . 49
insipida, R. Br. . 49
monticola, A. Rich. . 49
Tetrapasma
juncea, G. Don . 445
Tetratheca U 114 499
aculeata, Steetz . . 184
affinis, Endl. . . . 132
bauerefolia, Muell.. 130
calva, Schuch. . 182
ciliata, Zind/.. . . 130
confertifolia, Steetz . 133
denticulata, Sieb. . 132
elongata, Schuch. . 134
epilobioides, Steetz . 134
ericifolia, Sm. . y 181
ericoides, Planch. . 132
filiformis, Banks. . 135
glandulosa, Lait, . 131
glandulosa, Sm.. . 132
gracilis, Steetz . . 135 |
Gunnii, Hook. f£. . 132
; hirsuta, Lindl. . . 134
hispidissima, Siet: . 134
Juncea, $m. . . . 132
micrantha, Schuch. . 135
nuda, Lindl . . .133
pilifera, TANG 1355
pilosa, Labill... .131
Preissiana, Steetz . 135
procumbens, Gunu `. 132
pubescens, Turcz... . 185
` rubieoides, A. Cunn. 131
rubriseta, Lindl.. . 134
setigera, Endl. . . 133
subaphylla, Benth. . 132
tenutramea, Turez. . 135
thymifolia, Sm. . . 130
verticillata, Paxt. . 136
. Viminea, Lindi. . . 134
virgata, Steetz . . 133
ee ee
2 populnea, Corr. v © 221

Page

Thlaspi ei «BT
eochlearinum, Muell. 88
Drummondi, Benth.. 88
ochranthum, Muell.. 88
Tasmanicum, Hook. f. 87
Thomasia. . . « . 248
æmula; Steud. . . 256

angustifolia, Steud. . 255
brachystachys, Turez. 251
canescens, Lindl.. . 256
coguata, Steud. . 254
cycnopotamica,Steud, 254
. discolor, Steud. . . 251
diffusa, G. Don . . 252
foliosa, J. Gay . 252
Gilbertiana, l'urez. . 253
glabrata, Stend. `, 253
glutinosa, Lind/.. . 256
grandiflora, Lindl. . 254
hypoleuca, Steud. . 252

involucrata, Turez. . 267

lasiopetaloides,Steud. 256
laxiflora, Benth. . . 256
lucida, Steud. . . 254
macrocalyx, Steud. . 253
macrocalyx, Schlecht. 255
maeroearpa, Hueg. . 250
montana, Steud. . . 250
paniculata, Lindl, . 254
pauciflora, Lindl. . 253

petalocalyx, F. Muell. 255
pogonanthera, Muell. 259
pumila, Steud. . 258
purpurea, J. Gay . 253
pygmea, Benth. . . 257
quercifolia, J. Gay . 252
rhynchocarpa, Turez. 254
rugosa, Turez. . . 250
rulingioides, Stewd. . 255
rupestris, Steud. . . 253
salvifolia, A. Cunn. . 238
sarotes, Zurez. . . 255
solanacea, J. Gay . 251
stelligera, Benth. . 256
stipulacea, Bot. Mag. 250
stipulacea, Lindl, . 253
subhastata, Steud. . 254

tenuivestita, Muell. . 251
triloba, Zurcz. . 252
triphylla, J. Gay. . 252
undulata, Steetz. . 253

viridis, Steud. . . 252
Thouinia
adenophora, Miq. . 486
australis, A. Rich. . 463
hemiglauca, F. Muell. 463

| variifolia, F. Muell. . 464

~

507

Page
Thylacium lucidum, DC. 96
Tinospora.. 4 . «.. 55
smilacina, Benth. 55
Walcottii, F. Muell.. 56
Tremandra OO
diffusa, E. Br. . . 187
oppositifolia, Steetz. . 136
stelligera, R. Br.. . 136
verticillata, Hueg. . 136
Tribu ok ws 287
acanthococecus,Muell. 288
angustifolius, Benth. 290
bicolor, F. Muell, . 290
cistoides, Linn. . 288
hirsutus, Benth. . . 289
hystrix, R. Br. . 289
lanuginosus, Linn. . 288
macrocarpus, Muell. . 289
minutus, Leichh.. . 291
occidentalis, R. Br. . 289
pentandrus, Benth. . 290
platypterus, Benth. . 289
ranunculiflorus, Muell. 288
Solandri, F. Muell. . 290
terrestris, Linn. . . 288
Tribulopis
angustifolia, R. B. . 290
bicolor, F. Muell. . 290
pentandra, R. Br. . 290
Solandri, R. Br.. . 290
Trichilia
glandulosa, Sm. . . 384
Trichosiphon

australe, Schott . . 229
Triphasia |
glauca, Lindl. . 370

Tripterococcus
brachystigma,Schuch. 409

Brunonis, Endl.. . 409
junceus, Bunge . . 409
simpler, Bunge . . 409

spathulatus, Muell. . 406
'Tristellateia . . 286
australasica, A. Rich. 286
Triumfetta . . . . 272
appendiculata, Muell. 273
denticulata, R. Br. . 274
glaucescens, R. Br. . 273
macropetala, Muell.. 276
miçracantha, Muell.. 274
parviflora, Benth. . 274
plumigera, F. Muell. 274
procumbens, Forst. . 273
Trymalium . . . . 423
albicans, Reiss. . . 423
angustifolium, Reiss. 424
Behrii, Reiss. . 433

508 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page Page
biauritum, F. Muell. 421 membranacea, Benth. 51 | Xylocarpus
bifidum, V. Muell. . 432 A Granatum, Koen, . 387
Billardieri, Fenzl . 423 Ventilago. . . e + 411 Xylosma. . v o 34208
bilobatum F. Muell. 421 | _ „viminalis, Hook.. . 4ll | "ovatum, Benth. . . 108
daphnifolium, Reiss. 424 Vilareia. . . . .
daphnoides, Reiss. . 430 Moorei, F. Muell. . 396 | Zanthoxylum. . . . 362
eupatorioides, Reiss. 428 | Samoensis; A. Gr. . 396 | ` australasicum,A.Jus. 308
ezpausum, Steud. . 424 ; suaveolens, Benth. . 396 Blackburnia, Benth. . 363
floribundum, Steud. . 424 Viola vi s icons o brachyacanthum, F. i

globulosum, Fenzl . 429 betoniezfolia, Sm. . 99 MaRS v NX

` halmaturinum, Muell. 432 Caleyana, G. Don . 100 oppositifolium, DC. . 312

helianthemifolium, Cunninghamii, HZ. f. 100 | parviflorum, Benth. . 363
Reiss. . . 419 | hederacea, Labill. . 99 | iria . . . . 208

hermannioides, Reiss. 428 longiscapa, DC. . . 99 arborescens, Sims . 307
ledifolium, Fenzl . 424 phyteumæfolia, DC.. 99 | > aspalathoides, 4. Cunn. 305
leucopogon, F. Muell. 433 Sieberiana, Spreng. . 100 |^ canescens, R. Br. 209
majoranifolium,Fenz| 429 Vitis . . . . . .446 spytisoides, Sm. . - 306
majoramifolium,Lind. 428 | scetosa, F. Muell. . 449 | ^fürfuracea, R. Br. . 306
microphyllum, Reiss. 480 | ` acri F. Muell. . . 449 | granulata, C. Moore. 307
` obovatum, Reiss... .. 429 | ` nata, Wall... . 448 | hirsuta, DC. . `, 9308
oligocephalum,Turez, 433 | smgustissima, Muell. 450 | involucrata, R. Br. . 306
parvifolium, Reiss. . 428 | sntarctica, Benth. — 447 | V levigata, Sm. . . . 304
phiebophyllum,Muell.431 | c«rdiophylla, Muell. 448 |^ lanceolata, R. Br. . 306
polycephalum, Turez. 433 carnosa, W. & Arn. . 449 macrophylla, Bonpl.. 307
rosmarinifolium, dentis D Nee. us mierophylla, Bonpl. . 305
Ress. . 25.425 rdata, ek . Cunn. . 305
serpyllaceum, Reiss.. 427 | hypogleuce, F.Muell. 450 tagen rwn . 805
spadiceum, Fenzl. 428 | mitens, F. Muell. . 448 | _ pilosa, Rudge... 305
spathulatum, Muell. . 430 oblonga, Benth. . . 447 | revoluta, A. Cunn. . 304
stenophyllum, Muell. 432 | paca, F. Muell.. . 450 | _Smithii, Andr. . . 306
subochreatum, Muell. 433 psoralifolia, Muell. . 449 | - trifoliata, Bonpl. . 305
thomasioides, Turez. 428 saponaria, Seem. . . 448 Fees, F. Muell. . 305
I

velutinum, Reiss. . 42) sterculifolia, Muell. . 450 zyphus . . . . . 4l +
westringiefolium, trifolia, Linn., . .449 celtidifolia, DC.. + 412 1
Reiss. . . . .431 | Plamingia jujuba; Lam. . . . 412

S Wichure, Nees . . 425 australasica, Vriese . 104 melastomoides, A. Cn. 412
res s. oes OTS | Walther pcnc cenoplia, Mi. . .412
Billardieri, A. Jus. . 9 | americana; Lian. 235 | — pomaderroides, Fenzl 414

concinna, Benn. . . 879 | ^ indica, là quadrilocularis;Muell. 418 — ^
pubescens, Hellen. . 379 S red Poche rufula, Miq. . . . 412 =
Turritis glabra, Linn. . 67 potentillina, Muell.. 37 Zygophyllum. . . . 292

i ammophyllum, Muell. 294
Unona irse Nees. . 444 | apiculatum, F. Muell. 292
fulgens, Labill. . . 52 hihila Nes |. C444 aurantiacum, Muell. 294
Leichhardtii, Muell. 53 | Wormia . . DOE ETG australasicum, Miq. . 291
nitidissima, Dun. -.. 52 | apte B Br. ` ` ` 16| Bilardier, DC. . . 208
nitens, F. Muell. 52 Ee S crenatum, F. Muell.. 293

Urna . . . . . . 206 | Xerosollya fruticulosum, DC... 294
lobata, Zinn. . . . 206 Gilbertii, Turcz. . . 127 glaucescens, F. Muell. 293
sinuata, Linn. . . 206 | Ximenia. . . . . 891 glaucum, F. Muell. . 293

Urocarpus americana, Linn.. . 391 | iodocarpum, Muell. . 293
phebalioides, Drum. 352 elliptica, Forst. . . 391 prismatothecum, F.

Uvara... . . BO | ezarmata, F. Muell. 391 Muell. . . . . 293

heteropetala, Muell.. 51! /aurima, Delile. . . 391 | terminale, Tee, . 292

^ JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR PRINTER LITTLE QUEEN STREET LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS *
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