FOREST FLORA OF BRITISH BURMA. BY Ss. KURZ, CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, ROYAL BOTANICAL GARDENS, CALCU TTA. Vou. I. (Caprifoliacee to Filices.) Published by order of the Ae of Andi. Mo. Bot. Garden. 1897. CALCUTTA: OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNM 1877. ENT PRINTING. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, 8, HASTINGS STREET, FOREST FLORA OF BRITISH BURMA. CAPRIFOLIACEA. Flowers regular or almost irregular. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb truncate or 4-5- or more -lobed or -toothed. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular, funnel-shaped or rotate, inserted round the epigynous fleshy disk, 4- or 5- or rarely 3-lobed, imbricate. Stamens _ as many as corolla-lobes and alternating with them, inserted in the tube; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2-5- rarely 1-celled, with 1 or more pendulous ovules in each cell ; stigmas as many as ovary-cells or united into one, sessile, or on a filiform simple style. Fruit an indehiscent berry or rarely a dry, dehiscing capsule, nude or crowned by the calyx-limb, 1-5-celled. Seeds solitary or several in each cell, the testa crusta- ceous or bony, rarely membranous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo axial ; radicle superior ; cotyledons oval or oblong.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, =o. _— with opposite, simple or pinnate leaves. Stipules usually none. Flowers small or middling-sized, variously arranged, but aaa cymose small order of hardly any interest. to the forester. The honeysuckles are celebrated for their fragrance and beauty. Medi- cinal properties exist in the elders and some other genera. All urmese species are woody plants. * Corolla ae hinge rotate or shorily tubular, Stigmas 3, on a very short style. Berry by abortion 1- eae and 1- pate — simple ‘ . Viburnum, Berry with 3-5 pyrenes ; leaves unpaire ed-p nnate or age sagged C erraneiecs * * Corolla- ibe more or less ee the limb often ir gular. Style filiform. Corolla tubular; ovary and berry 2-3-celled, the latter few- or many-seeded icera. sce fbr funnel shaped, regular ; ovary 2. celled, with a 2-ovuled placenta protruding into the cells so as to Scvin & spuriously 4-celled ovary; fruita drupe . . Scyphiphora, VIBURNUM. Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate, the limb persistent, 5- rarely 4-cleft. Corolla rotate or shortly funnel-shaped, joa goto d ingly 5- rarely 4-lobed. Stamens equal, 5 or 4. Ovary 1- rarely VOL. 11. A 2 CAPRIFOLIACH. [ Viburnum. 2- or 3-celled, with a single pendulous ovule in each cell; stigmas 3, rarely 4, sessile or on a very short style, free or united. Berr 1 ed.—Small trees or shrubs, with simple or palmately-lobed leaves. Flowers small, in terminal cymes, umbels or panicles. Leaves more or less stellately pubescent ; cymes terminal . V. feetidum, Leaves glabrous ; cymes usually on axillary short branchlets, - V. lutescens, 1. V. feetidum, Wall.—A shrub, 6-10 ft. high, the young shoots covered with a stellate scurfy pubescence ; leaves elliptically oblong to oblong, cuneate at the 3-nerved base, on a rather short stellately pubescent petiole, blunt, acute or acuminate, coarsely sin- uate-toothed, serrate or sometimes quite entire, 1-4 in. long, stel- lately pubescent above along the midrib and beneath all over, more or less seurfy along the midrib and in the nerve-axils ; flowers small, bracteoled, forming a compound, umbelled, densely tawny-stellate and somewhat scurfy-pubescent cyme on a 1-2 in. long terminal uncle, nude or involucred with 1-4 small bract-like floral-leaves ; calyx-lobes broadly ovate; corolla glabrous, rotate, with a short tube; style short, broadly conical; ovary glabrous; berries com- pressed-ovate, acute, the size of a pepper-kernel, glossy. Var. 2, premnacea, H.f. and Th.: cymes involucred with 3 to 4 small leaflets ; leaves, ete., as in the normal form. Var. 3, grandifolia: all parts more robust and more densely stellate-pubescent ; leaves about 4 in. long, acuminate, 6-7-nerved on each side, the lower nerves not meeting at the base [in var. 1 and 2 the leaves are (besides the 3-nerved base) only 2-3-nerved on each side]. Has.—Var. 1: Ava hills; var. 3: Burma, probably Ava.—Fr. Nov. 2. V. lutescens, Bl.—An evergreen shrub, 6 to 10 ft, high, the young shoots covered with a short tawny-stellate and scurfy pubes- cence ; leaves from oblong to elliptical, on a stellate scurfy-pubes- i i acute or shortly acuminate, copiously and coarsely serrate-toothed, nearly chartaceous, 4-7 in. long, glabrous, on each side 7 -8-nerved, without basal nerves, the nerves beneath usually a little scurfy ; flowers small, without bract- lets, white, forming an umbelled, seurfy, stellate-pubescent, pedun- oO concave; corolla glabrous or nearly so, rotate; stamens short : tries about 2 or 4 lines long, broadl ovate, mucronate, red, resembling those of the preceding species ; pyrene compressed, with 3 slight furrows, Var. 1, Blumei (V. lutescens, Bi.) : berries elliptically oblong, nearly 4 lin. long. Viburnum. | CAPRIFOLIACH. 3 Var. 2, Colebrookeanum (V. Colebrookeanum, Wall.) : berries broadly ovate, about 2 lin. long. Has,—Only var. 2 in Burma, probably Ava. SAMBUCUS, L. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, the limb 3-5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla rotate or rotate bell-shaped, regular, 3-5-parted, imbricate or rarely valvate. Stamens 5, inserted at the base. Disk none or convex. Ovary 8-5-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule in each cell; style short, 3-parted. Drupe berry-like, 3-5-pyrenous, the pyrenes crustaceous, 1-seeded.—Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs, with opposite unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets serrate or lacini- ate. Flowers small, in umbellate corymbs or panicles. 1. S. Thunbergiana, Bl.—An erect undershrub, all parts glab- rous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-1 ft. long, on an inch long or shorter petiole, glabrous ; leaflets in 2-3 pairs with an odd one (the upper leaves reduced to a single pair), oblong or rarely linear- oblong, unequal at the acute base, shortly petioluled, without basal glands or stipulets, sharply serrate, acuminate, membranous, 2-4 in. long ; flowers small, on a line long or somewhat longer capillary pedicels, forming a sessile or shortly peduncled glabrous or almost glabrous terminal spreading corymb, the branchings occasionally supported by a small leaf ; calyx hardly 4 lin. long, the teeth acute ; corolla about 1 lin. in diameter or a little larger; the lobes oval, blunt ; drupes almost globular, the size of a small pepper-kernel. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. May. LONICERA, L. Calyx-tube ovoid or almost globular, the limb short (often unequally), 5-toothed, persistent or deciduous. Corolla tubular funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, the tube short or elongate, the limb unequal or 2-lipped, rarely almost regular, 5-lobed, imbricate. Stamens 5, the filaments inserted in the tube; anthers included or exserted. Disk cushion-like. Ovary 2-3-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell attached in two rows to the axial placentas ; style filiform with a capitate stigma. Berry fleshy or sappy, 2-3-celled, or, from obliteration of the cell-walls, 1-celled, the cells many- or few-seeded.—Erect or scandent shrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers in cymes or peduncled heads, sometimes by pairs and in- volucred by the often connate bracts. 1. L.‘leiantha, Kz.—A shrub, all parts glabrous, the branch- lets whitish ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, decurrent at the acute 4 CAPRIFOLIACE®. [ Lonicera. base, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, bluntish, almost coriaceous, 2-3 in. long, smooth and glabrous, glossy above; flowers large, 24-2 in. long, glabrous, sessile, on a strong, stiff, 3-4 lin. long peduncle aris- ing from the leaf-axils ; calyx-tube nearly 3 lin. long, smooth, the limb widely funnel-shaped, nearly a line long, shallowly 4-toothed. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. Apr. SCYPHIPHORA, Gaertn. Calyx-limb truncate or minutely toothed. Corolla-tube ceylin- drical or slightly dilated upwards, 4- or 5-lobed, imbricate. t exserted. Ovary truly 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, but each cell divided by a spurious dissepiment into 2 superposed ones, with asingle ovule in each, the upper ovule apparently erect, the lower one pendulous; style filiform, with 2 short linear stigmatic lobes. Fruit a drupe, with a hard putamen hardly separable into pyrenes, with 4 spurious l-seeded cells superposed by pairs, or fewer by abortion. Albumen none.—Glabrous thick-leaved shrubs, with broad and short interpetiolar stipules. Flowers in small peduncled axil- lary cymes. | 1. Sc. hydrophyllacea, Gaertn.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 134-3.— An evergreen (6—8 + 3—4+ 4—#) pygmean tree, with a spherical crown aud simple stem hardly exceeding 4 ft. in. height, all parts quite glabrous; leaves obversely oval or obovate, acute at the base, on a } to 3 in. long petiole, 14-2 in. long, rounded at the apex, entire, coriaceous and glossy, quite glabrous; flowers whitish or reddish white, almost sessile, forming a small, dichotomously branched, very short-peduncled glabrous cyme in the axils of the leaves ; calyx about 2 lin. long, the limb truncate or sinuate-trun- cate ; corolla villous inside, the tube as long as the calyx, the lobes half as long, oblong; drupes elliptically oblong, almost wingedly 8-keeled (the keels more or less undulate), about } in. long, glab- rous, containing a spuriously 4- or by abortion fewer-celled corky- Has.—Not unfrequent in the mangrove swamps of the Andamans.—F., May. —s.—SS, = Sal. RUBIACE A. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb entire or lobed or toothed. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted round the epigynous disk, 4-5- or sometimes more (rarely only 3-) -lobed, the lobes imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and alternating with them, inserted in the tube; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2- or more-celled, with 1 or more ovules in each cell, rarely 1-celled with parietal placentas RUBIACER. 5 or reduced to a single 1-ovuled cell ; style as many as carpels, high up united or simple, with a thickened, entire or lobed stigma. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupe or indehiscent nut. bumen fleshy or orny, copious or rarely scanty or none. Embryo cylindrical, the cotyledons semiterete.—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, 1 limbing, with opposite or whorled leaves. Stipules interpetiolar, either free or united with the petiole in a sheath bordered by fringes or leaf- like lobes or sheating or annular, rarely reduced to 1 or 2 points on each side of the petiole. Inflorescence various, usually more or less cymose or panicled, axillary or terminal. Flowers occasionally polygamous or unisexual. A large order of great importance. It includes not only reme- dial agents acting as tonics, febrifuges, emetics and purgatives, but also formidable poisons and valuable dyes. Cinchona as a febrifuge is already too well known to require special notice, and thrives well in the Karen hills, east of Tounghoo, where it is cultivated by the Forest Department. Substitutes for Peruvian bark are specially Rondeletia febrifuga, Hymenodictyon, Ophiorrhiza mungos, and others. Gambier is the product of Uncaria gambir. Ipecacuanha (Cephaélis ipecacuanha) is now cultivated in Burma and holds the first place amongst purgatives, and similar, although in in Richardsonia, some species of Spermacoces, f inferior, qualities obtain 1 and our indigenous Geophila reniformis. The powdered fruit o Randia dumetorum is a powerful emetic, and its root bruised is used for poisoning fish. The root-bark of the Brazilian Chiococca angui- fuga and Ch. densifolia produces the most violent emetic and drastic effects. Only few yield edible fruits like Vangueria edulis, which is introduced also into India. Coffee is the produce of Coffea Arabica, and thrives well in Burma, but is unfit for cultivation on a large scale, unless it be in the southern parts of Tenasserim. Madder-dye is obtained from Rubia cordifolia and Hedyotis um- bellulata, and a much inferior dye, but much used in Burma and India, is the product of various species of Morinda. The timber of most rubiaceous trees is rather inferior, and the best comes probably from Nawe/ea and allied genera. Upwards of 180 species of this order are known to occur in Burma, : * Fruit a more or less fleshy or succulent drupe or berry, 1-several-celled ; ovules solitary or more in each cell ; 's never winged or appendaged. O Ovary 2- or more.celled, the cells with a solitary, erect, or horizontal ovule. Berry with 2 or more (or by abortion only a single) thin-crustaceous or rarely membranous pyrenes enclosing the solitary seeds. -++ Ovary 2-celled. rolla valyate in bud; albumen usually fleshy. Calyx-limb entire; corolla-tube short ; flowers clustered, sessile ; epiphytical shrubs with large tuberous trunks : : - Hydnophytum. Corolla-tube short, bearded at the throat; pyrenes flattened and : 6 , RUBIACE. entire on the inner face; flowers cymose or ~~ : shrubs, is undershrubs, ra rarely climbers . Psychotria. yk oh Mo elongate, naked at the throat ; pyrenes with a fur- the inner ra along _ central placenta ; shrubs or : diced bs; inflorese preceding . - Chasalia. § § Corolla- rey isabricate or twisted ; albumen s + ~ig-e inched to the pets = Be placenta. Corolla salver-shaped, t é limb ht orcas in termin: corymbs or panic ote aiidien sually co patios - Ixora. Corolla funnel- Fos pt gi labrous, the limb 4. 7-parted ; beri 2-or rarely 1-s owers terminal a td an hans ; stipules free A : ‘ ‘ - Coffea. Ovules erect. Corolla funnel-sha ape velvety, like the calyx “— Fi tere oblique; berries 1- rarely 2-pyr opiate flowers and ; axillary ; stipules as : . Serissa. + Ovary 4-9-celled ; drupes wi ith as many pyrenes. fabx more or less toothed; styles and ii Binns 4-95; erect : shrubs, wit axillary, clustered or ¢ cymose flow . Lasianthus. Calyx-limb truncate ; x ad — cleft; ovary 4. called climbing : shrubs with axillary clustered flowers Gynochthodes, @) O Ovary 1- or acon -celled, wi ith a asolitary 6 orrarel y (in Polyphragmon) numerous ovules Fake anterally or suspended at the middle or at the summit of each ce! renes hand and ed aittier ¢ connate sae a hard putamen or loosely arranged. Albu- y fleshy, , all, a Corallstbes valvate ; ovules attached laterally or P- Ovary usually colet stigcke: discoid . Vangueria, Ovary 2-celled ; drupe didymo ous or oF PP abortion more or less 1- etfs be sz the san mit of the norma or spurious ce dc § Prapes Santen a single tie moar puta- hoor - 1-seeded, Ovary 4- or smore-cellod, with a solitary pendulous ovule in each cell; stigma thick, sabes og - onan ; . Guettarda, §§ Drupes ral-cell ach cell : . ed, eintaining eta or nunerons collateral o or ni free, bony, 1-seeded spuri pyren Stigmatic styles as many as cells to the o vary gin O00 ao balled. with parietal plac entas, o or more y 2-orm oo ith numerous ovules in each cell. Se ee, not oer ris — Ovary 1-celled, with 45 parietal place imbricate. Polyphragmon. + Cor Flowers usually showy ; stigma er Me dommauaet ene large, the numerous sage imbedded - Gardenia, vary 2- or more- ~oalled § lth by oueee “ovary 2-celled, SS) 2-lobed ; styl pte heeds tigma 2-lo sty in *pindlerlike thickened ; be large, the ~ seeds imbedd ded in pulp; erect trees or shrubs Mi Randia, Stigma simple or Reread style nea ally filiform ; berry small, the seed withou . rr =" sci nee seandent and ed : - Webera. RUBIACER. Style 2- oe pers rather soEes : aie in double rows in each cell, without pulp; erect ri bs . Diplospora. pede 2- obey F eintrasied 3 ina ait & essile ; seeds in a single ach cell, without pul F Par shru . Hypobathrum., Vises polygemonsy dioecious; style 2 Sobek. corolla funnel- shaped, glabrous; berry eal not pulpy, many-seeded . . Brachytome. ’ Flowers cled heads. ers in pedun Flowers saris berry elongate and pod-like, free ; ovules and rous in eac ricate-s . Morindopsis. h cell, imbricate-suspended orolla-lobes valvate or reduplicate- -valvate ; ovary usually 5-6 ‘eaely 2-3)-ce teres simple; corolla-lobes va vee | soe or a sg — co oxtlladbebat euttods oles ary clusters or cym . Calys ps niche corolla-throat indie : ovary 5- celled ; "flow inal or almost terminal, rarely lateral, cymes or corymbs . Adewosacme. As Be sire but ovary 2-cell . Myrioneuron. tt Placentas 2-clett corolla-lobes reduplicate- lobed. . Urophyllum. valvate ; s All rears conform and aoe econ i 3 connective roduced in a mucro; herbs or perennials . : . Acranthera. One = sr clea pqdoe ne of outer flowers produced into a large white-coloured leaf-like appendage ; connective of anthers blunt ; ne often scandent, rarely small trees ;: . Massaenda. * * Fruit a more or less capsule vari iously dehis- "7g cing, or rarely indehise ak (very rarely turning fleshy or a true berry, the seeds in dg case always ” several- aii te re st _ ws eral seat’ in each Weil, @) pier 2. 4 ated. thee at ith puree or rarely so vules s dry or rarely fleshy, variously ddhiosing - obi ts more or i wes winged or append ag + Flowers in dense heads, on a more or less thicken- receptacle. § chen a — or berry-like drupe, rege. crowded a receptacle or reas pale syncarp; solide and seeds erect thse in Hoot cell. —— usually united in a p casei — seems dey trees or hrubs, ssi climbin ng § § Capsules dry ‘or rare ly fleshy, dehiscing from the base or otherwise, rarely indehiscent, + ree — -like, dehiscing from the base, ted in car . Morinda. p. Capsules 2-celled, or 2- celled with s spied pot 2 spurious sterile cells Sarcocephalus, ++ Capsules dry, not connate, opening loculici dally or se pticidally into 2 jeety inated -seed A ro aaa many ovuled ; capsules dehis- Flowers with or without sneaiee tea bractlets; capsules de- coc hiscing into 2 many-seeded ; trees or rarely shrubs - Nauclea, Flowers sessile or pedicelled, withou i tenctlele 3 capsules 2-cell openin longitudinal slits ; shane shrubs. . . Uncaria, -ce a -0 e accessory teeth ; peri and o plete alternating w ers 4- surrounded by Hner All parts brown-hirsute ; outer bracts very large and leafy, ovate- acuminate ; stipules lanceolate, small, not leafy .° , .Z, eyanocarpa, _1. L. Tucidus, Bl.— An evergreen shrub, the young branchlets thinly appressed-pubescent ; stipules lanceolate, pubescent, small ; leaves oblong to ovate- and elliptically-lanceolate, often somewhat unequal and acute at the base, on an indistinctly pubescent or glab- L. stipularis. Lasianthus.] RUBIACER. 31 an in. long, minutely puberulous outside, villous within ; drupes blue, oval, the size of a pea, glabrous, sappy, crowned by the calyx- limb. . Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Feb. 2. L. constrictus, Wight.—An evergreen small shrub, the young branchlets thinly appressed-pubescent ; stipules from a broad b acuminate, small, more or less appressed-pubescent ; leaves lanceo- late to oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a slightly pubescent 2-3 lin. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly acuminate, entire or little waved, pergamaceous, glabrous and glossy above, beneath, especially on the nerves, more or less puberulous from a minute yellowish down or rarely almost glabrous, rarely nearly pubescent; flowers small, on very short (4 lin. long) thick appressed-puberulous pedi- cels, forming by 2, 3, or more small puberulous clusters in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; bracts minute, deciduous ; calyx hemispherical, minutely pubescent, occasionally somewhat constricted at the throat, the limb shortly sinuate-toothed or almost truncate; corolla hirsute, the tube about 4 inch long, the lobes as long; drupes ovoid, the size of a very small pea, glabrous, crowned by the rather large, almost truncate, at the base somewhat constricted calyx-limb. Has.—Common in the tropical forests of the Andamans; also all over Tenasserim.— Fl. Fr. Apr.-June.—s.—SS.—=Metam. SiS. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Upper Tenasserim and the Anda- mans.—Fl, March-Apr.—s. 4. L. Wallichii, Wight.—An evergreen slender, meagre, usu- ally simple-stemmed shrub, 3-8 ft. high, the branchlets covered - with brown spreading stiff hairs ; stipules triangular-lanceolate, cili- ate and often pubescent, small; leaves oblong to elliptically and almost ovate-oblong, oblique and rounded at the one side of the base, on a very short (4-1 lin. long) hirsute petiole or almost sessile, 32 RUBIACER. [ Lastanthus. shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, 2-3 in. long, entire and cili- ate, chartaceous, more or less stiff-hairy on the midrib above and generally on the nerves beneath; flowers small, white, sessile, in smaller or larger hirsute bracted clusters in the axils of the leaves and occasionally at the end of the branchlets ; bracts linear-subulate, up to in. long, h acuminate, shorter than the tube; corolla hispid, the tube nearly 2 lin. long; drupes ovoid, the size of a pepper-kernel, glabrous or nearly so, crowned by the short calyx-limb or its scar Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests from Martaban down to Tenasserim ; also Andamans.—F. Apr.-May ; Fr. March.—s.—-SS.—Metam. in. long and somewhat broader, glabrous ; leaves elliptically oblong the midrib beneath often sprinkled with stiff deciduous hairs ; flowers small, white, sessile, forming a densely-bracted, hirsute, axil- cluster in the axils of the leaves and usually concealed by the — large stipules ; bracts lanceolate to linear, acuminate, hirsute, ciliate, up to an inch long; calyx hirsute, the lobes hirsute-ciliate, up to 5 lin. long. Has.—Tenasserim or Andamans. 6. L. high, all parts covered with dark-brown hairs ; stipules lanceolate, hirsute, deciduous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to obovate-oblong and onger hairs, beneath, especially on the nerves, brown or yellowish pubescent ; flowers small, white, sessile, forming dense, large-bracted, sessile, brown-hirsute clusters in the axils of the leaves, the outer eafy, up to an inch long or longer, ovate, acuminate, hirsute ; lin. long ; corolla nearly an in. long, shortly hirsute ; drupes oval, the size of a goose- berry, villous, azure blue, sappy, containing usually 4 pyrenes, Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical f, : Chittagong—Fl. May-June—s, “Pests of South Andaman; also GYNOCHTHODEs, Bl. Calyx-limb entire, short, deciduous, ( lla sh sha ; tube villous within ; limb he Scpaintind, eae ing from the middle, with inflexed tips, Stamens 4 or 5, inserted at the base of the corolla; the filaments short; anthers linear. y funnel- Gynochthodes. | RUBIACER. 33 1. G. macrophylla, Kz.—An evergreen scandent shrub, all parts glabrous, turning blackish in drying ; stipules broad and short, truncate, by pairs ; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong, acute at the base, on a 3 an in. long petiole, more or less bluntish-apicu- late, 3-5 in. long, entire, pergamaceous, glabrous, beneath with hollow fringed glands in the nerve-axils; flowers small, on thick 2-3 lin. long pedicels, forming by 4-5 a small cluster on a short bracted tubercle-like peduncle; calyx about a line long, glabrous, the tube almost globular; the limb cyathimorph, as long as the tube, truncate ; berries globose, the size of a cherry, smooth, sea-green, 4.-pyrenous, ‘ Has.—Amongst shrubbery along the sea-shores of South Andaman.—Fl. ay. VANGUERIA, Comm. Calyx-tube short, obovate, the limb spreading, ‘5-toothed, deci- duous, rarely persistent. Corolla globular bell-shaped, the throat villous ; limb 5-cleft, the lobes recurved. Stamens 5, with very short filaments. Ovary 5-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell attached to near the middle of the inner angle; style filiform; stigma exserted, mitre-shaped or 5-angular-capitate. Berry succu- lent, marked by the scar of the calyx-limb, containing 5 or by abor- tion fewer bony 1-seeded nuts. Seeds oblong. Albumen fleshy. Embryo large ; cotyledons long, plano-convex, about as long as the superior radicle.—Small trees or shrubs, with free interpetiolar stip- ules, Flowers small, in branched axillary cymes or cymose panicles. * Unarmed. Stigma mitre-shaped. All parts glabrous, — ; * * Armed with opposite sharp spines. . . « .« V. edulis, All parts glabrous ; berries about an inch in diameter; stigma dis- : coid-pe : - : i : : . é . V. spinosa. All softer parts (also the corolla) pubescent; berries up to }.an inch = wie ;Sagmacapitate 62 a we a Be pebenomn, VOL, II, c 34 RUBIACER. [ Vangueria, cherry, globular, and more or less 5-lobed in a dried state, yellow- ish, smooth, crowned by the scar of the marcescent ealyx, contain- ing 5 horny 1-seeded pyrenes, Has.—Cultivated in gardens of Chittagong, 2. V, spinosa, Roxbh.—Hsay-ma-hyee. —A leaf-shedding small tree or more usually a much-branched shrub, armed with straight decussately opposite sharp spines, all parts quite glabrous ; stipules se, containing 4 or 5 one-seeded bony pyrenes. Hap.—Frequent in the mixed forests of the Prome district.—Fl. : March. —l.—S$,—Ca8. ay E a Vy ubescens, Kz.—A tree (20—25410—15 +2—8) leafless during H.S., armed with decussately opposite, straight, sharp spines, all softer hirsute-pubescent; bar ey; stipules subulate, pubescent; leaves ovate to elliptically lanceolate, acute or cuneate at base, on 3 lin. on. _Tously, beneath softly erries the ‘size of a small cherry, 4-} containing 5 or 4 bony 1-seeded pyre Haz.—Rather tin the E i Marah down a Pus Hl Maney Ary ors from Ava and PLECTRONIA, L. Calyx-tube short, obconical to hemispherical, the limb very usua. i . - -CO0O he. » usuall d d : ; with a short tube, the throat bearded, the ]i wie bot Meiers : h : v d cell laterally attached r at the summit ; style exserted ; stigma thick-ovoid, mitroahapod hs per Bit in. thick, smooth, yellowish, nes, : S 5 hag ie ca = eee " Sars ante eae At et oe ad ES 4} eS Sere E 2h ih tae ies wea a at One ae EN oA sro ee pS SAE pa re ES Fag etd steer age OE Plectronia.] RUBIACER. 85 2 or 1 one-seeded pyrenes. Albumen fleshy. Embryo central, the radicle long, superior—Armed or unarmed shrubs or trees, with ee interpetiolar stipules. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or lusters. O Pyrenes quite smooth, triangular, and almost keeled ; all parts quite glabrous ; flowers in dichotomous elon- gate-branched cymes . ‘ . ‘ 7 . P. glabra, ©.O Pyrenes more or less wrinkled and tubercled, round- ed on the back, All parts glabrous and glossy; flowers ¢ymose —. « P. didyma, ym j 3 Branchlets and nerves pubescent; flowers on capillary pedicels, solitary or by pairs . ; * ‘ . ‘ . . P. gracilipes. Armed with usually decussately opposite or rarely ter- nary sharp spines. renes more or less wrinkled or tubercled, rounded on the back. © Branchlets more or less rusty- or tawny-pubescent. Leaves pubescent on both sides or hispid above; drapes the size of a pea cha, : 3 . i & . » P. parvifolia. Leaves glabrous or the midrib beneath slightly pubescent ; drupes the size of as cherry . : : an . P, horrida, All parts perfectly glabrous. Leaves glossy, caudate-acuminate ; flowers clustered ;. - P. angustifolia, Leaves more or less blunt; flowers in peduncled cymes ° . P. parviflora. i. 2 Bth. and Hf.—An evergreen small unarmed tree, all parts quite glabrous; stipules from a broad base acumi- nate ; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, tapering in a 3-5 lin. long petiole, shortly acuminate, 4-6 in. long, entire, thin- coriaceous, glabrous, opaque, pale-coloured beneath; flowers s LA white, on 1-2 lin. long glabrous pedicels, forming a short-peduncled, axillary, glabrous cyme with elongate dichotomous branchings ; calyx obversely turbinate, glabrous, about 4 a line long; corolla- tube almost spherically inflated, about a line long, the lobes about as long, spreading ; stigma capitate mitre-shaped ; drupes obovate- oblong, 4-3 in. long, somewhat notched at the apex, smooth, green, containing 2 smooth 3-angular-keeled ovate pyrenes rather abruptly narrowed and compressed at one end. Hax.—Tropical forests of the southern spurs of the Pegu Yomah and —Fr. Jan.—s.—SS.—=Lat. p. Ta, Tenasserim. 2. P. didyma, Bth. and Hf. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 221 (under Canthium.)—An evergreen large unarmed shrub growing out into a small tree, all parts quite glabrous and glossy ; stipules from a broad base linear, acuminate; leaves from elliptically to oblong- lanceolate, acute at the base and somewhat decurrent on the strong long flexuose or curved licels, forming a rather short-peduncled (peduncle 4-1 in. long) glabrous cyme in the axils of the leaves; 36 RUBIACER. [ Plectronia. alk bie Peat. BE eee ea alee calyx 3 a line long or somewhat longer, the limb obsoletely toothed ; q corolla short-funnel-shaped, the tube I-14 lin, long ; style flexuose, exserted; stigma mitre-shaped ; drupes didymous, elliptically obovate, on 4-7 in. long pedicels, glabrous, the size of a large coffee-bean, crowned by the scar of the calyx-limb, containing 2 or by abortion a solitary wrinkled pyrene, HaB.—Tenasserim, 3. P. gracilipes, Kz.—An unarmed shrub, the young branch- lets thinly pubescent 3 stipules ovate, subul I , m pubescent nerves; flowers small, on ~pubescent pedicels arising lateral branchlets ; calyx ong, glabrous, the teeth triangular ; dru the apex, somewhat compressed, b containing 2 or by abortion a solitary slightly ed pyrene rounded on the back. --Has.—Rather frequent i i i Shs Riveraad os sea sire i ie ata of the Andamans, especially 4. P, parvifolia, Bth. and Hf —A very rigid spreading shrub : : ¢ shru armed with decussate tht, sharp spines, all softer 3 stipules broad, acute ; leaves 3 flowers minute, greenish white glabrous pedicels, or almo i clustered in the axils of the lea es or almost truncate, short corolla-tube hardly 4 a lin drupes di pea, orange- t by abortion a soli- y , back, sia or in the low forests and shrubberies above 5. P, =n 8 ages ok rigid straggling shrub, armed Site, straight, s arp spines, the youneer branch- lets appressed tawny- or rusty-pubescent 3 leaves ai fs oe less ovate, 5 Nese ec ieape rye Neve si reoe Se) eee eed ae Shes eee es eS eee eens ee TE oe eT et ye ee ee eee Plectronia. | RUBIACER, 37 rounded at the base, on a slightly pubescent petiole 1-14 lin. long, 1-1} in. long, acute, entire, firmly membranous, glabrous or slight- ly pubescent along the midrib beneath, turning yellowish in dry- ing ; flowers minute, white, very shortly pedicelled or almost sessile, solitary or a few together in the axils of the leaves ; calyx and corolla as in the preceding species, but the latter pilose within the tube; stigma apparently mitre-shaped ; drupes the size of a small cherry, compressed-globular, crowned by the minute calyx-limb, smooth, containing | or 2 obsoletely wrinkled pyrenes rounded on the back. Has.—Tenasserim. 6. P. angustifolia, Bth. and H.f.—A shrub, armed with straight, sharp, opposite spines, all parts glabrous and glossy ; stipules from a broad base subulate-acuminate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, more or less rounded at the base, on a 2-3 lin. long slender petiole, bluntish caudate-acuminate, 2-3 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous _ and glossy ; flowers small, white, on a line long glabrous pedicels, clustered in the axils of the leaves; calyx glabrous, more than da line long, the limb obsoletely sinuate-toothed ; corolla-tube about 4 a line long, inflated, glabrous ; stigma 2-lobed-capitate ; drupes didymous-cordate, compressed, smooth, crowned by the scar of the calyx-limb, the size of a pea, containing 2 or byjabortion a solitary somewhat tubercled-wrinkled pyrene rounded on the back. Has.—Hills of Chittagong.—Fl. March-July. GUETTARDA, L. the fleshy central column ; style long ; stigma conical or capitate, - G, speciosa, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 134-4, t. 17, £. 2.—An evergreen tree (25—30 + 10—15 + 3), the shoots pubescent ; stipules ovate, deciduous, pubescent ; leaves obovate to broadly obovate and elliptical, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, on a densely puberulous petiole 4-1 in. long, 6-10 in. long, blunt or almost acute, 38 RUBIACER. [ Guettarda, cherry, almost. globular, somewhat lobed » glabrescent, crowned by the calyx-limb, containing a spuriously 4-6-celled woody putamen. Has.—Frequent in the beach jungles and tidal forests along the shores of the Andamans.—FI. Apr.—May.—1.—8S,=Aren. Sal, branous very deciduous stipules. Flowers axillary, the females with small or imperfect stamens, usually solitary or few together, the males by 3 or more in the forkings or along the branchings of peduncled cymes, ing in a 4.3 in. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, entire, shortly acumi- nate, thin-coriaceous, beneath pale cloud ccc appressed alcomel along the nerves beneath ; flowers small, white, between 2 short bractlets, on 1-14 lin, long densely puberulous pedicels and sessile in the forks, the males forming a dichotom | peduneled cyme in the axils of the leaves, the females solitary on peduncles up to an inch long; calyx puberulous, 5-toothed, about a line long ; corolla velvety-pubescent, the lobes more than aie Se oe, tube, varying m number from 4 to 10 ; berries ner nt ut 3 in. long, crowned by the calyx-limb, indis- ay i pear Ear in the tropical forests of the Andamans, —Fl. Apr.- a4 Pee ass . si pene ies oo? ot a Gardenia.) RUBIACER. 39 GARDENIA, L. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamously dioecious. Calyx-limb tubular, truncate, toothed or lobed, or divided to the base into 5 or more lobes. Corolla funnel- or bell: or salver- cea the limb 5- more or less firmly fleshy or almost woody, usually ie Be the calyx-limb, 1-celled, with numerous seeds immersed in the fleshy or pulpy parietal place ntas.—Trees or shrubs, usually resm- - ~ yielding, with interpetiolar entire stipules more or less connate round the branches and often very deciduous. Flowers often showy, solitary, or by 2-3, rarely in cymes, terminal or spuriously axillary. ok vin trees or shrubs, a . Stipe oC cp die x Aly parts, = ion leaves, glabrous ; calyx-lobes herb- _—s more or les aia nes ee pedicelled, clustered by 3 or ; abo ut 2 lin Ton - G. campanulata, iota more han pubescent, x villous or ‘tomentose. (@) ant flowers sessile, the hermaphrodite sterile 3 calyx-lobes ne or leafy ; Bark grey ; fertile « cask “teil flowers on the same plant ; berries are beaked, te G, sessiliflora. Bark r 3 fertile i me flowers on separate plants ; berries slighiy af bbed . G. erythroclada, OO All flowers fertile, or ‘at least perfectly herinsis es pres truncate or minutely toothed ; ot green. + Lea agen glabrous ; berry glabrous. Calyx puberulons ; Eeatedies silvery-white ; berry smooth : - G. cuneata, es us, Calyx puberulous p pews glabrou + uae ; branches - G. turgida. Calyx vole Content ; berry den a sely brown, velvety-to: mentose . @. Tgiece Stipu ules connate in a sort of sheath, rar ely ree. Flowers ian done large. x Stipnles more or less united in shai 3 corolla salver- apes. with a fear fa tube ; Tet ee Co Berri ber sessile or near Fibs a Leaves almost par seabrous; berries globular, in the forks of the branchings - G. obtusifolia, e%e) Rectics and flowers on short (5 lin. n-Tong) pediedl : Leaves = Biabrows with a tuft of hair in eat {7 if calyx deeply 5-cleft ; pice, A oblong, rdaod + resinifera, Leaves glabrous; calyx late rally cleft and m ore or less spatha- ceous; berry oblong, more or less distinetly ri ribbed - G. coronaria, xX Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped, with a ventricose ine _ 40 RUBIACER. [ Gardenia, 2g . Tree ; leaves coriaceous, with a gland in the nerve-axils beneath ; flowers very large and showy . : ‘ . ‘ - G. pulcherrima, Shrub, 1-3 ft. high ; leaves membranous 3 flowers rather small, white . ° . ‘ . . : . . ° - G. hygrophila, * Armed with opposite sharp spines; stipules free, very deci- duous ; flowers small. by 4 or more small clusters at the end of the thick branchlets ; calyx glabrous, bell-shaped, about 2 lin. long, truncate and obso- letely 5-toothed ; corolla glabrous, funnel-shaped, the lobes rounded, shorter than the wide tube; berry ovoid, the size of a large plum glabrous. pry, Flare a forests of Pegu above Rangoon and Tenasserim; 2. G. sessiliflora, Wall.—Ma-jee-Louk.—A troe (15—18 + 2—5 +4—1), shedding leaves in H.S., straggling and often shrubby, armed with strong, opposite, spiny abortive branchlets, all the softer parts pubescent, turning soon roughish puberulous : f 0 flask-shaped, densely pubescent, 3-4 lin, lon the limb longer than the tube, green, membranous, the lobes some 3 berries ovate, upwards scar of the fallen ugh, 4B.—Common in the leaf-shedding forests especially the mixed il surma from Ava and artaban d tot); pecially the mixed ones, a elevation.—F], Apr.-May ; Fr S—L eee ee asserim, up to 3,000 ft. 3. G, erythroclada, Kz.— ha» nee.—A tre a i AZ.— Mhan-nee,— € (15R—25 + 4—6 4 1—2), leafless in H.S., armed with opposite, straight, short spines, Pee, : Tits ie Wy, ; TS x cic > EP ee ee Oy ee Te Re ee oo ee ee reper = eevet ; ee, si a) ht PS TE sey eee Se en ON ee po a ae eee ee een Dearie eek! Uae ese net ee Ce Me oe gene eet ee Gardenia.| RUBIACER. 41 Has.—Common in the mixed and dry forests all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. C.S.—1—SS.—CaS. SiS.—AIL, ete. 4. G. cuneata, R. Br.—A small tree, all parts glabrous, the branches silvery white, sparingly armed with solitary or paired straight, sharp spines; leaves obovate-cuneate, tapering in a short petiole or almost sessile, blunt, 1-2 in. long, entire, thick-coriaceous, smooth, the nerves thin, without visible net-veination between them; flowers rather small, white, turning yellow, on short bracteoled thick pedicels, by 2 or 3 arising from short tubercle-like axillary branch- lets; calyx puberulous, 5-toothed, with a pair of minute teeth in each sinus of the linear-lanceolate true teeth; corolla about + in, across, almost rotate, the tube only as long as the calyx, bearded at the throat, the lobes obovate, blunt; berries globular, the size of a wood-apple, smooth. Has.—Ava.—Fr. Sep. 42 | RUBIACER. [ Gardenia. truncate with 5 minute teeth, puberulous ; corolla almost salver. shaped, glabrous, the tube about 4 lin, long, the lobes oblong, as long as the tube ; berries globular or nearly so, apiculate, corticate rough, brown, the size of a small apple. Haxn.—Frequent in the Eng and dry forests of Prome, rather rare in the Trawaddi zone.—Fl, March-Apr.; Fr. March of next year.—1.—SS.—Ca8. Lat. Dil. 2 6. G. dasycarpa, Kz.—A leaf-shedding tree (12—15 4 3—44 1—14) armed with opposite, long, straight, sharp spines, all softer i les deciduous 3 leaves obovate-oblong, acute, 1-2 in. long, entire, coriaceous, above minutely retrorse- pubescent, beneath appressed villous-pubescent ; flowers sessile solitary at the end of the thick wart-like branchlets; berries gilo- bular, corticate, the size of a small apple, covered with a brown velvety tomentum and crowned by the tubular calyx-limb, Haz.—Not unfrequent in the mixed dry and Eng forests of Prome ; also in Upper Tenasserim,—F, March-Apr.; Fr. the following year.—l.—S$,—CaS. ** Unarmed. Stipules connate im @ sort of sheath, rarely almost free; flowers showy, large. 7. G. obtusifolia, Roxb.— Yeng-khat.— A tree (15R—2544—6 +1—2), leafless in H.S., the young shoots minutely puberulous . in. scabrous on both sides; flowers showy, vate-oblong 3 berries almost globular or somewhat elliptical, the size of a pigeon’s egg, nearly sessile, corky-fleshy, lenticellate, brown, crowned by the tubular calyx-limb, Has.—Frequent in the Eng and dry forests fr Pro 4 opps Tenasserim.—F], Masoh-A gr’ Fr. the following ee ReMaRKs.—Sapwood pale brown, soft. Yields fine pellucid yellow resin. _ 8. G, resinif in HLS., the young shoots sticky ; stipules connate at the base, smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong to elliptically oblong, acute and often tera, Roth.—A tree (20—25 4 5g 4 1—3), leafless Gardenia.} RUBIACER. 43 unequal at the base, on a somewhat pubescent, petiole 2-3 lin. long, 2-4 in. long, blunt or bluntish, entire, chartaceous, with a tuft of hairs in the axils of the nerves beneath ; flowers conspicuous, white, turning yellow, on 3-4 lin. long often somewhat mealy pedicels, arising solitary from the forkings of the last branchings or at the end of the branchlets ; calyx about 4 lin. long or longer, glabrous or nearly so, the tube spindle-shaped ; limb as long or longer than the tube, deeply 5-cleft, the teeth linear-lanceolate; corolla glab- rous, the tube 1-14 in. long, the 5 lobes half so long, broadly rhom- boid-obovate ; berries oblong, the size of a pigeon’s egg, on a 8-4 lin. long stalk, glabrous, crowned by the calyx-limb. Hazs.—Chittagong. 9. G. coronaria, Ham.—Yeng-khat.—A tree (25—30+10— 154-2—3), leafless during H.S., the young shoots minutely puber- ulous and covered with a sticky resin; stipules connate, shortly puberulous ; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, tapering in a very short somewhat puberulous petiole, 4-10 in. long, shortly and abruptly acuminate or apiculate, entire or nearly so, chartaceous, a little scab- rous beneath ; flowers showy, white, turning yellow, on thick 4-5 lin. long shortly puberulous sticky pedicels, arising solitary from the end of the branchlets or laterally from the base of the young shoots; calyx 4 to $ in. long, glabrous or puberulous and sticky, laterally cleft and somewhat spathaceous or 2-cleft or irregularly 5-toothed ; corolla-tube 13-2 in. long, the 5 or 6 lobes half as long, rhomboid- obovate; berries the size of a pullet’s egg, elliptically to obovoid- oblong, marked by 5-10 longitudinal more or less prominent angles _or lines, smooth, beaked and crowned by the calyx-limb. Haz.—Frequent in the mixed, especially the moister, forests, rare in the low forests, all over Burma from Chittagong, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr. ; Fr. the following year.—l—SS.—=Metam. Arg. SiS., ete. ReMARKs.—Wood pale brown or white, rather heavy, of an unequal fibre, _ Yather brittle, very close-grained. W.—=O'=49 pd. Used for making combs and adapted for turning, but cracky. 10. G. pulcherrima, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—35+10 —15+4+3—4), all parts glabrous; stipules broadly tri , free or nearly so; leaves broadly to oblong-lanceolate and elliptically oblong, acute at the base, on a strong petiole 3-4 lin. long, 3-5 in. the branchlets or spuriously axillary by suppression of one of the % branchlets; calyx about 3-34 lin. long, tomentose, the ample limb 5-toothed, the teeth ovate, acuminate ; corolla glabrous, 1} in. 44. | RUBIACER. . [ Gardenia, | a long or somewhat longer, ventricose-inflated above the very short tube; berries elo ose, the size of a small orange, corticate and rough, brown, crowned by the calyx-limb. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of South Andaman.—F], May Fr. Apr. of following year.—s,— -=chloritie and serpentine rocks, 11. G, hygrophila, Kz—An evergreen small shrub, 1-3 ft, — high, often spreading, all parts glabrous or nearly so ; stipules connate, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; leaves obovate to obovate € same; calyx glabrous or slightly ap- pressed hairy, nearly 4 lin, long ; limb bell-shaped, 5-cleft, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sparingly ciliate; corolla about an inch long, somewhat irregular] campanulate-funnel-shaped, the lobes unequal, about 2 an in. long. -—Frequent in the swamp forests and in Swampy places in the savannahs .—Fl, Jan.—s.—S$$,—A]]. Hap of the Irawaddi alluvium RANDIA, L.. Calyx-tube tubular, bell-shaped or annular, truncate, toothed or lobed, usually persistent, Corolla from salver-sha to in the fleshy or pulpy placentas.—S maj] trees or shrubs, usually — armed with spines (abortive branchlets), Stipules interpetiolar, singly on each side, broad and acuminate, often deciduous. Flowe yyy mes or clusters, or solitary ranchlets, Leaves glossy, Smooth ; corolla alm t rotate, in. in dia- meter ; berries large, sosiits mS penet Bea s iS = o R. uliginosa Leaves glabrous oY sparingly irsute ; corolla less than 4, lines in ! ; diameter, with a wide glabrous or sparingly hairy tube; €s sessile, glabrous ‘ ‘ ‘ F 7 é i R longispina As former, but all parts pubescent ; berries sessile, tawny-velvety : R. 8 sa 1B uliginosa, DC.; Bedd. F. sy] : ‘ ‘er : * 1. sylv. Madr. 132 6:16; £1 Brand. For. Fi, 273.— Mhan-hpyoo,—-A# evergreen tree (20—304 4—8 + 2—3) » Tigidly branched, armed with geminate, straight, short, but sharp spines especially towards the end of the thick, short Randia.| RUBIACER. 45 branchlets, all parts glabrous; bark blackish grey or dark brown, rough, irregularly peeling off in little irregular flakes; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong, tapering in a 4-3 in. long petiole, more or less blunt, 3-6 in. long, entire, firmly membranous, quite glab- of an agreeable scent like pears, but leathery-fleshy and insipid, the peduncled ones similar, but about half the size. Has.—Common in the savannah forests and in low places inundated duri rains, as well in the savannahs as in the lower mix orests, all over Burma = Ava and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-June ; Fr. C.S.— —SS.=All. Var. 1, longispina proper: all parts, also the calyx, glabrous; fruits glabrous. Var. 2, hirsuta: all softer parts thinly hirsute; berries very sparingly and shortly hirsute. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of Pegu and Martaban.—Fl. Apr.; Fr. May-July.—s.—SS.—=Metam. SiS. All. 3. R. nutans, DC.—An evergreen small shrubby tree, all softer parts more or less shortly pubescent, the branches elongate and 46 RUBIACER. [ Vebera. teeth in the sinuses; corolla appressed -pubescent outside, salver- shaped, the tube very little longer than the calyx-tube, inflated near the base and inside closed with a ring of hairs; berries elliptically ovoid, the size of a nutmeg, tawny-velvety, crowned by the short calyx-tube with its persistent leafy lobes, Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests along the base of the Pegu Yomah.—Fl, Apr.-May ; Fr.—C.S.—s.—88,—Sis. All. 4. BR, exaltata, Griff.—A large tree, 50 ft. hi branchlets compressed, rusty-pubescent : sti the base, subulate-pointed, end of the branchlets, shortly pe and bluntish acuminate, almost -lanceolate, spreading ; ovary 2-celled ; berry globular, the size of a small apple, 2 mb on a conical blunt protuber- many-seeded ; seeds compressed angular. growing with mangroves,—Fl, Fr. January. WEBERA, Schreb, Calyx-limb short, truncate or 5-toothed, deciduous. Corolla- tube cylindrical ; lobes 5, imbricate and usually twisted. Anthers rted, vary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell attached to a peltate pl often very elongate, the stigma simple or 2-lobed. Berry globular to elli s i ce ry.—Trees or ; » with interpetiolar stipules. . were usually rath xillary or leaf-opposed, simple or corymbose cymes, K s te = z rn > 2 ay ws fe ~ h Te Ne See aE ny tere ee Se ee Rg a eae as gk Sees | Ne EN OE Le a) Atha agen Bie a Me a es 2 SE Rs | Coy ok Webera.] RUBIACER. 47 * Erect shrubs or trees, unarmed; stigma entire, x Cymes or corymbs leaf-opposed. All parts except the inflorescence glabrous . . . F x & Cymes terminal or in the forks of the branchings, All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous. . < Inflorescence pubescent S ‘ ‘ . 7 P ‘ ° *k Shrubs, usually scandent, with curved or straight spines ; J lobed. - W. oppositifolia, . W. Asiatica, W. glomeriflora. > Spines recurved.—Scandent shrubs. © Inflorescence quite glabrous. Corolla-tube $-1} in. long . : ; . . . Corolla-tube hardly longer than the calyx, 2 lin. long . ‘ nflorescence and calyx appressed-pubescent. Calyx-tube about 3 lin. long : Zi ‘ % : ‘i - W. bispinosa. Spines straight.—Erect or straggling shrubs. Flowers sessile or nearly so, between 2 connate bractlets ‘ - W. fasciculata, Flowers solitary, on slender not bracted pedicels . . - W. myrtifolia. . W. longiflora. . W. Siamensis, * Stigma entire—Erect shrubs or trees, unarmed. 1. W. oppositifolia, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 15— 20+2—3), flowering already while still a shrub, all parts glab- rous; bark about ¢ in. thick, greyish brown, even, finely fissured ; cut greenish brown; stipules triangular, acuminate, persistent; leaves oblong to broadly, lanceolate, acute at the base, on a 2-3 lin. Var. 1, densiflora; calyx 2 lin. long or somewhat longer, almost glabrous, the limb more bell-shaped ; flowers in shorter cymes ; erries the size of a large pea. Var. 2, floribunda: calyx about 1} lin. long or shorter, densely pubescent, the limb shorter; flowers in densely pubescent, divaricate, slender, corymbose cymes ; berries half the size of the former. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans ; Giee : var. 2: Andamans.—Fl, Apr.June; Fr. Oct.—s.—SS.=SiS.— REMARKS.—Wood yellowish white, turning brown, heavy, very close-grained . and of a very fine grain 2. W. Flomerifiora, Kz.—An evergreen tree (20—30+8—10 +2—3), all parts glabrous or the leaf-buds pubescent; stipules deciduous ; leaves obovate- to elliptically-lanceolate, acuminate 48 RUBIACER, [ Webera, apiculate, entire, firmly mem ranous, glabrous, strongly nerved; flowers almost sessile, densely crowded into a terminal, almost sessile, pubescent cyme; calyx pubescent; berries globular or ovoid, the the base, on a glabrous petiole 2-4 lin. long, 3-4 in. long, acute or — size of a small pea, on about a line long pedicels, smooth, black, crowned by the base of the calyx-limb en eh along choungs in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah, north g Feb. of the Kambala toung.—Fl, buds Feb.; Fr * %& Stigma 2-lobed.— Usually scandent spiny shrubs. 4. W. longiflora (Grifithia longiflora, Lamk.).—An evergreen large scandent shrub, armed with opposite, sharp, curved spines, all parts glabrous; stipules deciduous; leaves from elliptically to — tube slightly pubescent within, 2-14 in, long, the lobes about 4 as long ; berries ovoid-oblong, about 3-3 in. long, tapering in a — 1-3 lin. long stalk, umbonate and crowned by the circular scar of the fallen calyx-limb, glabrous, many-seeded. Has.—Rather frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans and Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—F. March-May ; Fr. June-July.—s : 1 4. W. Siamensis (Grifithia Siamensis, Migq.).—An evergreen : recurved, sharp spines, — all parts glabrous ; stipules deciduous ; leaves oblong to oblong- : large scandent shrub, armed with opposite, lanceolate, obliquely acute at the base, on a 3-5 lin. long petiole, thout a mucro, entire, thin-coria- ceous, glabrous; flowers rather small, white, pedicelled — flowers m_ the cymbiform-connate bractlets € a in. long, quite glabrous, her ample, the : 23 ; corolla glabrous, the tube about 2 lin. long, somewhat dilated at the slightly exserted upper end, elon . the Ron oblong, somewhat longer than the tube ; stigmatic lobes — Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—F], March,—s ; 1, Pee TARY: Se et ee Pa eee ee ee 7 eae Webera.] RUBIACER. 49 5. W. bispinosa (Stylocoryne bispinosa, Griff.).—An evergreen large scandent shrub, armed with short, opposite, recuryed, sharp spines, all parts glabrous; stipules 3-angular, deciduous; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base, on a 3-5 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long, longer or shorter acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers rather conspicuous, white, on about a line long appressed tawny or yellowish pubescent pedi- cels, arising solitary or by 2-3 from the cymbiform-connate bract- lets and forming a short more or less densely and shortly appressed- pubescent cyme at the end of the branchlets or spuriously axillary or in the forks of the branchings; calyx more than 2 lin. long, ap- pressed yellowish pubescent, tapering into the pedicel, the limb tubular bell-shaped, the teeth short, 3-angular, acute ; corolla glab- rous, the tube about 3 lin. long, slender, pubescent inside, the lobes obovate-oblong, nearly as long as the tube ; stigmatic lobes elongate. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban d i r.-May.—-s : 1. 6. W. fasciculata ( Posogueria fasciculata, Roxb.).—A large straggling shrub, armed with opposite, straight, sharp spines, the younger shoots and often also the branchlets shortly pubescent ; stipules from a broad base subulate-acuminate, deciduous ; leaves more or less ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly and rather abruptly acumi- nate, rounded at the base, on a 1-2 lin. long, slender, puberu- lous petiole, 1-2 in. long, entire, firmly membranous, glabrous or shortly pubescent, on the midrib beneath ; flowers rather large, white, arising from between 2 connate bractlets and by 3 or more fascicled or also solitary and almost sessile in the axils of the leaves ; calyx 3 lin. long, pubescent, the lobes subulate-acuminate ; corolla- tube about ? in. long, the lobes somewhat less than half as long; berries globular, glabrous, the size of a pea, crowned by the circular base of the fallen calyx-limb. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. arising soli from the axils of the leaves; calyx puberulous, about 2 lin. long, the lobes short; corolla-tube ~ in. long, rather Has.—Frequent “H the swamp forests of Pegu; Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. All, May.—s.x1.—SS VOL, Ik. D Mo. Bot. Garden, S97. 50 RUBIACEE. [ Diplospora. DIPLOSPORA, DC. Calyx-tube short, 4-toothed or truncate. Corolla-tube short, the 4 lobes spreading, imbricate. Anthers exserted. Ovary 2-celled, with 2-10 ovules in each cell attached to small peltate placentas ; style with 2 stigmatic lobes. Berry globular or elliptical. Seeds 2-10, or by abortion solitary, imbricate, albuminous.—Trees or shrubs, with interpetiolar, broad, acuminate stipules. Flowers small in axillary clusters or close cymes, or in terminal racemose cymes. 1. D, singularis, Korth.—An evergreen tree (50—60 + 20—25 ), the stem fluted, all parts glabrous; bark about 2 lin. thick, fibrous, longitudinally fissured, brownish grey; cut dry, pale-coloured ; stipules triangular, acuminate, glabrous; leaves from broadly to oblong- and elliptically-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a 3-5 lin. long petiole, 3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, greenish white, often polygamous, sessile on a very short, thick, broadly bracted, glabrous rachis, or more usually in dense clusters arising solitary from the axils of the leaves; calyx about a line long, glabrous, almost truncate, the teeth minute; corolla glabrous, the tube hardly a line long, bearded at the throat, the lobes elliptically oblong, a line long; berries more or less glo- bular, the size of a cherry or larger, fleshy, purplish black when fully ripe, glabrous, crowned by the short calyx-limb, containing 8-10, flat, imbricated seeds in each cell. eee ak iprel in ae gee forests of Martaban down to Tenas- serim, less uent in ak y eng trea ar ous rye 3 ene the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah.—Fr. RemaRxKs.—Wood pale brown. HYPOBATHRUM, Bi. Calyx-tube short, turbinate or ovoid, the limb 4-lobed or -toothed, persistent. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped, with a short tube, 2-8 pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with a 2-parted or : with few pendulous seeds in each cell. Albumen fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, wah persistent, interpetiolar, entire stipules. Flowers small, collected into small, dense, sessile clusters or spikes in the axils of the leaves. Flowers in dense clusters ; berri il : Flowers in uthe-like eee. Ge stalked : . - A Zz sea 1. H. strictum (Ayptianthera stricta, W A.; Brand. For. Fl. 274). —An evergreen branched shrub, 3-6 ft. high, all parts quite glab- rous ; stipules triangular, acuminate, indistinctly appressed-pubes- Hypobathrum. | RUBIACER. 51 cent; leaves from lanceolate and linear-lanceolate to broadly and oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long’, acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, whitish, almost sessile, in dense, small, axillary clusters ; glabrous, the teeth lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla pubescent at the throat ; stigmas villous; berry globular to ovoid, the size of a pea, smooth, crowned by the calyx-limb. Has.—Chittagong and Ava.—Fl. Sep.; Fr, Feb. 2. H.racemosum (Randia racemosa, Roxb.).—An_ evergreen bushy shrub, 3-8 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves from oblong- lanceolate | to ‘lanceolate, tapering into a 1-2 lin. long petiole, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, supported by a bract, almost sessile, arran in 2 to 4 rows along a shorter or longer shortly and stoutly pedun- cled glabrous rachis arising solitary from the axils of the leaves : calyx-teeth 3-angular, acute, nearly a line long; corolla twice as long, villous at the throat ; style sparingly pilose ; berries ellip- tical to ovoid, at the base contracted into a 1-2 lin. long stalk, the size of a pea, smooth, crowned by the minute calyx-limb. Has.—Not unfrequent in the swamp forests and in somewhat aay places of Pegu and Arracan.—Fl. Oct.-Dec.; Fr. Dec.-Apr.—1Xs.—SS.—=AUl, Dil. Flowers polygamously dioecious. Calyx-tube oblong, the limb cup-shaped, obscurely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped (in the males shorter), quite glabrous, 5-lobed, twisted in bud. An- glabrous, the limb cupular, persistent ; berries long and slenderly peduncled, elliptical, the size of a small pea, glabrous, crowned by the shallowly cupular calyx-limb, Hab.—Ava hills.—Fl. March. 62 RUBIACER. [ Morindopsis. MORINDOPSIS, H.f. Flowers dioecious. Calyx-tube hemispherical or cupular, the limb 4-toothed or -lobed, persistent. Corolla shortly bell-shaped, Berry elongate, coriaceous, 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds imbricate. —Trees, with short persistent stipules. Flowers small, in small peduncled heads or rarely the female ones solitary. 1. M. capillaris, all parts quite glabrous and glossy ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate, rigid; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate and elliptically- entire or waved, rigidly but thinly coriaceous, glossy and smooth n both sides; flowers small, white, sessile or nearly so, several or subulate bracts and resting on a 1-2 in. long, stiff, slender or capil- lary peduncle upwards. gradually thickened and arising solitary from or above the axils of the leaves ; calyx about a line in diameter, cup-shaped, 4-toothed, the teeth triangular, ciliolate ; corolla shortly salver-shaped, the tube about 14 lin, long, densely villous at the throat ; berries cylindrically elongate, 1-14 in, long, tapering at both ends, crowned by the calyx-limb, smooth, the numerous imbri- cate seeds ee acuminate at both ends, arranged in a single Has.—Frequent in the swam forests of P Tenasserim.— i. Apr-May —s—S6.— 41), Metin and Martaban down to UROPHYLLUM, Jack & Wall, Flowers by abortion dioecious or monoecious, rarely perfectl hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube ovoid, the limb short, “bellahapedl or ernd hipeeen . aa entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, with - @ shorter or longer tu arded at ‘nb 6i84 parted, valvate. Stamens 5-7, th ioe SY Rt na iat Sark Ray en dors ed Eek est Sa, oe UN se Urophylium. | RUBIACER. 53 * Ovary and berry 5-6-celled ; flowers in shorter or longer simple or decompound umbellets or cymes. Leaves and shoots glabrous ; calyx about 2 lin. across . 3 . U, glabrum, Leaves beneath and shoots more or less pubescent ; calyx a line across . = . . pears ‘ : . : . U. strigosum. * * Ovary and berry 2-celled; flowers minute, in sessile ‘ é é ° - U, biloculare. parts glabrous except the pubescent leaf-buds ; stipules linear- calyx-lim Has.—Southern Tenasserim. Has.—Tenasserim. 3. U. biloculare, Kz.—An evergreen tree(25—30+10—15+ 2—2%), all parts glabrous; stipules from a broad base subulate- acuminate, sparingly appressed pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a 1-2 lin. long petiole, bluntish acuminate, 4-5 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers minute, sessile, in small axillary clusters; calyx (in bud) truncate, minutely puberulous; berries globular, the size of a small pea, obscurely 2-lobed, orange-coloured, crowned by the short calyx- limb, 2-celled, each cell containing 3-4 black largish seeds attached to the central placenta. Haz.—Very rare in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo, at 2,000 to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fr. March,—s.—SS.—Metam. 54 RUBIACER. [ Adenosaeme. ADENOSACME, Wall. crowned by the calyx-limb, many-seeded, the endocarp and septum ee mously branched cymes or corymbs at the end of the branches or in the axils of the upper leaves, rarely laterally from above the scars of _ the fallen leaves, ‘ i ; berries almost globular and slightly lobed : a ghtly lobed, spongy: fleshy, watery-white, smooth or nearly so, the size of a pea, crown by the calyx-limb, Has.—Rare in the tropical forests of the southern and eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, more frequent in those of the Martaban hills down to Tenas- Serlm, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fr, J an.-Mar,—s, MYRIONEURON, R. Br. ovoid, the 5-lobes elongate, ri id, persistent. villous at the throat, the limb 5 lobed, Ly in ud. Stamens 5, inserted in the Corolla-tube, included: filaments short; disk cushion-like. © ] ih wee vary 2-celled se ovules attached to the septal p 2 wed, with very numero Ber Calyx-tube Corot abe , cel horny and slowly dehiscent, many- ded, Albumen fleshy.—Shrubs, with spongy bark ; stipules inter- petiolar, large. Flowers small, in terminal loose or compact erect * eee See Wee Sahn ee, es ote ee entre Ne ee ee SP eee OS on iT, REL oe Si a lie aay oat eae ee ie Yea et aoa it, Myrioneuron.) RUBIACER. 55 or nodding cymes, much intermixed with conspicuous often rigid bracts. Cymes compact, nodding, the bracts subulate, stiff and rigid - M. nutans. Cymes corymb-like, erect, hirsute, the bracts broad and hirsute, soft . ‘ . . . . . yin « UU. hirsutum. 1. M. nutans, R. Br.—An ascending shrub or rather under. shrub of several feet, all parts glabrous ; stipules $ an in. long or longer, lanceolate, dry, glabrous ; leaves elliptically ovate to obo- vate, decurrent at the rounded base into a strong petiole up to an inch long, acuminate, harshly chartaceous, glabrous, $-? ft. long, the lateral nerves numerous, regular and prominent ; flowers small, white, shortly pedicelled, crowded and collected into a head-like glabrous short-peduncled nodding eyme at the end of the branches which is supported by floral leaves and densely bracted ; bracts stiff and scarious, ovate-lanceolate to linear subulate, about 4 lin. long, striate ; calyx-lobes rigid and striate, 3-34 lin. long, linear, subu- late-acuminate, glabrous; corolla shorter than the calyx-lobes or rarely as long ; berries ovoid, glabrous, crowned by the very long searious calyx-lobes. Has.—Chittagong.—Fr. Jan. 2. M. hirsutum, Kz.—A stout undershrub, all softer parts brownish hirsute; stipules hirsute, linear-lanceolate, thick-mem- branous, about an in. long ; leaves elliptically oblong, acute at the ase, on a hirsute petiole up to 4 in. long, acuminate, membranous, 3-1 ft. long, glabrous above, roughish pubescent beneath, the numerous nerves regular and rather prominent ; flowers rather small, Has.—Ava hills —Fl. May. -MUSSENDA, L. Calyx-tube oblong-turbinate ; limb 5-cleft or -parted, the lobes deciduous or rarely persistent, one of them in a few of the flowers of each corymb enlarged in a membranous usually pure white or pale-coloured large leaf. Corolla funnel- or almost salver-shaped, hairy at the throat, the tube often slender ; limb 5-parted, imbricate. Anthers 5, sessile in the throat and included or nearly so. Ovary 56 RUBIACER. [ Mussenda. 2- celled, with many ovules in each cell attached to a 2-cleft placenta projecting from the partition; styles with 2 stigmatic lobes. Berry fleshy, indehiscent, 2-celled, many-seeded. Albumen fleshy.—Small trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, with interpetiolar stipules often at the base 2-cleft or -parted. Flowers. rather small, but gaudy-coloured, in terminal corymb-like cymes. * Calyz-limb deciduous, leaving an annular disk on the apex of the berry. . O Calyx-teeth 3-1 lin. long. Calyx-teeth erect, lanceolate; branchlets puberulous or velvety . MW. glabra. Calyx-teeth as in preceding, but reflexed ; branchlets hirsute » MM. variolosa. OO Calyx-lobes 2-6 lin. long. Calyx-lobes filiform, 2-2 lin. long, all equal, none leaf-like { . prefers . : : . é . M. pwettefolia. Calyx-lobes linear, 2 3 lin. long; corolla-lobes nearly half as long corolla-tube ‘i : : : < ; a - M. macrophylla. Calyx-lobes lanceolate, about 4 in. long ; corolla-lobes ‘about das long as the tube : ‘ * - M, calycina, * ry Calyx-teeth linear-subulate, about 4 lin, long; corymbs rather pact . : go ae ; . ° » M. corymbosa, shortly pubescent stalk } an in. long; corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, about 5-6 lin. long, pubescent, the lobes ovate, acute, a line long ; berries ovoid-elliptical, the size of a pea, glabrous, marked by the imb. and Var. 2, Wallichii (Jf, Wallichii, G. Don. : leaves pubescent beneath and also along the nerves above ; salisks shorter. Has.—In the drier hill forests of the M i elevation—Fl. Fr. March—s, + 1-88 = eg Se 2. M. variolosa, Wall.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, the branchlets hispid from spreading brown stiff hairs ; stipules hispid ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate or obtuse at the base, on a brown-hispid petiole 1-2 lin. long, 3-4 in, long, faleate- acuminate, firmly membranous, entire, above sparingly, beneath, Mussenda. | RUBIACER. 57 especially along the nerves, more copiously, covered with short, stiff, brown or rusty-coloured hairs; flowers orange-red, rather small, - sessile or nearly so, forming a rusty-pubescent or almost hispid ter- minal corymb ; calyx about 2 lin. long, more or less appressed-hispid, the teeth lanceolate, nearly a line long, reflexed, the calycine floral leaves white, broadly elliptical to oval, somewhat pubescent, con- tracted into a pubescent stalk up to an inch long; corolla tubular funnel-shaped, an inch long, pubescent, the lobes ovate, acute, about a line long; berries oblong, the size of a pea, glabrous or nearly so, marked by the annular scar of the fallen calyx-limb. _ Haz.—In the tropical forests of Arracan and the southern slopes of the Pegu Yomah down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Sep. Feb.—s. 3. M. pavettefolia, Kz—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all softer parts shortly puberulous; stipules ovate, acuminate, pubescent at the base ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a pubescent petiole 2-5 lin. long, acuminate, 6-9 in. long, membranous, entire, on both sides (more so beneath) minutely pubescent ; flowers (in bud only) on 1-2 lin. long tawny- pubescent pedicels, forming a dichotomously branched, pubescent, very short-peduncled, corymbose cyme at the end of the branch- lets and occasionally in their forks; calyx tawny-pubescent, the tube nearly a line long, the 6 lobes filiform, 2-24 lin. long ; corolla, especially on the tube outside, pubescent. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo, —Fi. June (?)—s.—SS.—Metam. 4. M. macrophylla, Wall—An evergreen large shrub, growing out into a little tree (15 —254+4—9+4 1—14), the young branchlets more or less hirsute; stipules lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ap- pressed stiff-hairy ; leaves more or less ovate to elliptically lanceo- late, acute at th tubular funnel-shaped, the tube hardly an inch long, hirsute, the limb more than 3 an inch in diameter, the lobes broadly ovate, apiculate, nearly half as long as the tube ; berries elliptically oblong, the size of a large pea, smooth, marked by the annular scar of the -limb. Has.—Common in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests of the Andamans, especially along the coast.—Fl. May-June ; Fr. June.—s, 58 RUBIACER. [ Mussanda, 5. M. calycina, Wall.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, 5- 12 ft. high, more or less appressed-pubescent; stipules triangular-lan- ceolate, pubescent ; leaves more or less ovate to elliptically oblong, tapering at the base, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long, acumi- nate, entire, firmly membranous, above sprinkled with minute appressed hairs, beneath, especially along the nerves, more or less pubescent ; flowers rather small, orange-coloured, shortly pedi- celled, forming an appressed-pubescent terminal corymb; cal Hap.—Not uncommon in the mixed dry and upper mixed forests, especially along choungs, from Ava and Prome down to Pegu. ake Sar a: a. corymbosa, Roxb.— An evergreen shrub, the young > 6. shoots sparingly appressed pubescent ; stipules triangular-lanceo- } ; Has.—Not unfrequent in the upper mixed forests, especially the moister ones, of pos Kolodyne district, Arracan ; also Upper Seciichirta » Oct— s.—88. MORINDA, L. Calyx-limb —, hardly toothed, Corolla funnel- or salver- — onger i shaped, with a nge parted, valvate. Anthers included in the tube or r usually membranous interpetiolar stipules united into a short Morinda.) RUBIACER. 59 sheath. Flowers usually several together, and united into small heads on axillary or terminal solitary or clustered peduncles. * Corolla-limb 5- or rarely 6-lobed; stamens 5-6.—Erect shrubs or trees. © Stamens — All parts votes ; flower-heads os negtis eak-op yrs peduncles . M. exserta. OOo <9 ens Faeaek ta x A san soar ro e or pubescent, All Bae sioray nd roughi escent worl st cor: . ae. & pet nae All parts, also the corolla, pooh aks hortly . - M. tomen All parts, also i corolla, ch ta § Flower-heads longer or shorter patiieiad: solitary and leaf-o Stipules roun ag 2 — praia: throat hairy ; berries united in a whitish s . MU. citrifolia, Stipules sau - tenia | corolla-throat smooth eres pur- plish black, only a few developed on the thick t . . MU, angustifolia, r-heads sessile or ioe SO, leaf. sii sed. Low shrub, quite gabrow or minutely scabro - WL. persicafolia. r-heads in a a ieoded ee cyme. Corolla-tube only He in. Lise ng, lobes as Sens - UM. Wallichii. ek oe —~ a ; ee a 4 an Sranslend shrubs, x t Flower-heads 3 cB ia in terminal umbels ; sceasais aperingly pubescent, othe parts glabrous. - XM. umbeliata, Calyx 4-toothed. All parts gla bro Calyx ene ‘ower-heads me 3ina pedineled brachiate inal ¢ . MM, speciosa. * Cor olla-Limb 5- ras aly 6- dolled siiinsad 5 or 6.—Erect shrubs or trees. 1. M. exserta, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 134-9; Brand. For. FL. 277.—Nyaw.—An ev erereen tree (25—30 + 6—12 +3—4), the trunk usually crooked, all parts glabrous; bark deeply cracked, spongy, ash-coloured ; ‘Waves from ovate- to elliptically-lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the base, shortly petioled, 3-5 in. long, short- ly acuminate, entire, membranous, glabrous ; flowers rather small, . white, sessile and united into small heads on 3-1 in. long glabrous uncles arising solitary or rarely by pairs from oppesite the leaves; corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, glabrous, the tube $ an in. long, the lobes half as long, oblong-lanceolate, acute; stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla, long-exserted ; ovary spurious ly 4-celled, the style as long as the corolla-tube; berries points and compound ; more or less oval, smooth, each spuriously 4-celled. aa Pasar no — given.—Fl. H.S. and R.S.; Fr. the following year. Ks.—Wood yellow to red, rather heavy, rather close. tk ree polish. Gook t for fancy work, Root sil bark a red er es M. leiantha, Kz.—A tree (?), all parts shortly and roughish ers ; eaalas ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base, on a scabrous 1-11 in. long petiole, 5-8 in. long, acuminate, entire or 60 RUBIACER. [Morinda nearly so, chartaceous, on both sides (more especially beneath) scab- rously and thinly pubescent; flowers white, rather conspicuous, lets; calyx truncate; corolla salver-shaped, glabrous, the tube slender, : about ¢ in. long, glabrous at the throat, the lobes ovate-lanceolate. 3 Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Feb. long — pubescent peduncle arising solitary from opposite the alternately so. i nd of he = j calyx truncate ; corolla funnel-shaped, tomentose, the - tube about # in. long, the lobes oblong, rather blunt. Seopa — in the mixed dry forests of the Prome district.—FL. ] 4. M. citrifolia, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 220 (I. bracteata, — Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 134-9) ——Nyaw-kyee.—An evergreen — tree (12—15 +3844 12) or a large shrub, all parts glabrous; — stipules elliptically obovate to oblong, blunt ; leaves oval to ellip- tically ovate, 6-9 j i St ay Sos Onan Bee PASE ed Fas Ge Pe fates Vip eat oa es acuminate, entire, membranous, glabrous; flowers rather small, white, packed into an oblong or irregularly elliptical head ona #1 In. long glabrous peduncle arising solita om opposite the alter- ower flowers in the head often produced into a leafy lanceolate or — spatulate-lanceolate appendage; corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, hairy at the throat, the lobes lanceolate, acute ; filaments woolly; errles compound, the size of a pullet’s ege or larger, uneq : oblong to almost globular, pale greenish white, succulent, glossy. Var. 1, citrifolia proper ; stipules blunt ; synearps larger. Var. 2, bracteata (/. bracteata, Korb.): stipules usually acute; Synearps the size of a bullet or larger, Hap.—Var. 2: not unfrequent in th forest; h d ; var. 1: 7 generally cultivated in native gardens all One Paves tee dee ctay ae ReEMarKs,—Wood deep brownish i ined, : : e yellow or bright ellow, close-grained, aught, tough. Yields a bright yellow or very valuable red dye which is fixed with Morinda.) RUBIACER. 61 4B.— Rather rare in the tropical forests of Martaban down to Tenasserim ; frequently cultivated, especially by Karens in their betelnut-gardens.—F, March- Apr.—s.—SS.=Metam. Remarxs.—Wood yellow when fresh. Bark and wood used as a dye. alternately single leaves or from the base of the end-leaf ; calyx truncate; corolla glabrous, funnel-shaped, the tube about 2 in. long, the lobes oblong, bluntish, with a glabrous throat; berries Var. 1, persicefolia proper ; all parts quite glabrous. __,.Var. 2, scabra : leaves, ete., more or less scabrous from a minute indistinct pubescence. AB.—Common in the savannah forests from Ava and Martaban down to J onasserim ; var, 2.: in Prome district.—Fl. March-May ; Fr. June.—L.—SS.— tM, Wallichii, Kz.—A small evergreen tree (?), all parts quite glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong-linear, acuminate at both ends, on a $-14 in. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, entire, firmly membranous, glabrous, pale-coloured beneath ; flowers rather small, waite, by 3 or 4 in small heads forming a terminal glabrous’ stiff- peduncled smal] eyme ; calyx truncate, the tube (in bud) only } in. long, the lobes as long, oblong-linear, rather blunt, ~ A ®B.—Tenasserim. 62 RUBIACER. 8. M. umbellata, L. ; Bedd. Syly. Madr, 134-9, scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; stipules sheath-like united, — rupturing afterwards ; leaves from elliptically oblong to lanceolate, bluntish acuminate, 24-4 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy and conspicuously net-veined on both sides ; flowers small, wregularly globular, smooth, the size of a large pea d Var. 1, umbellata proper (If. wmbeliata, L.): leaves pale-coloured and opaque beneath, the nerves not prominent, i 2, Jackii (2/. tetrandra, Jack ): leaves glossy on both nt. ar. sides, the net-veination prominent Hap.—Var. 2: not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban down to Tenasserim, 9. M. et megy ctlosa, Wall.—An evergreen scandent shrub of the habit of hasty all parts quite glabrous ; stipules sheath-like hia n peduncle arising from the end of the branchlets - cal, sulcate, the limb shortly 4-toothed Has.—Tenasserim, SARCOCEPHALUS, Afz. Flowers without bractlets, sessile, . °, OF near to, the ba , 2-celled or with 4 spurious cells above the true 2 cells, at the base capeular-dchioltil Sarcocephalus.] RUBIACER, 63 Seeds numerous or often reduced to 1 or 2 in each cell, albuminous, only along one end winged.—Trees, with interpetiolar, very decidu- ous stipules. Flower-heads usually large, solitary, on longer or shorter peduncles arising from the end of the branches or from short axillary shoots. 2k Capsules connate, 2-celled at the base, and spuriously 4-celled aoove, All parts glabrous, young branchlets pruinous; leaves more or less acuminate . a . ° . . : . é : * * Capsules not connate, 2-celled throughout their length. Young shoots glabrous or shortly pubescent ; leaves more or less blunt : . ‘ S. cadamba, 1. S. cadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba, Mig.; Bedd. Syly. Madr., t. 33 ; Brand. For. Fl. 261.—Ma-00).—A leaf-shedding tree (40—7 0+ 15—25+6—15), all parts quite glabrous, the youn shoots more or less pruinose ; stipules linear-lanceolate, blunt, glab- Has.—In the moister upper mixed forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, descending into the lower mixed forests.—F]. Feb—_S8.=Si8. AIL RemarKs.—Wood deep yellow, loose-grained.— 0 '==73 pd.—Recommended for furniture, acute or acuminate at the more or less rounded base, on a 3-1 in. long glabrous or pubescent petiole, 3-6 in. long (in young trees 1-14 In. long), shortly acute or blunt, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous 64 RUBIACER. [Sarcocephalus. Q short, the lobes spatulate, about a line long ; corolla glabrous, the — tube about 2 lin, long, the lobes hardly half as long ; capsules some- what fleshy, densely packed into a syncarp, but hardly cohering, . glabrous, about 2 lin. long, obovate, angular. _ tbs: 1, glabra: all parts, also the leaves, glabrous. : 7 . 2, pubescens: leaves reneeth petioles, stipules, and pedun- ia slaatly and sees pu ubesce Has.—Both varieties common in the mixed forests, e — the lowe wo savannah forests, all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim,—Fl, Ma —l.—S8S.— All. SiS. Remarks.—Wood pale-coloured, rather light, coarse, loose-grained. 0'=33 —34 ; 15 brealweight™=80— 120 pd.—Soft, useless wood, decays in leas: than a oo year, 2 NAUCLEA, L. in heads, with or without angular-clavate bractlets. Gapsitabe oblong, the limb short and truncate, or usu y 5- se lobes li linear, ——_ abel, the limb 4- or 5-cleft, ends,—Trees, with aileipeusior” large stipules. globular ails solitary or arranged in rminal or axillary pani * Flowers without bractlets. N. polycephala. eads large, solitary or b Z : all parts glabrous, at least the leaves. autos ona 3-lin. long petiole, acuminate ; soir often by Leaves iat sessile, blunt ; flower- heads s olita ary aoe. : * & Flowers.surrounded by angu etre sc bractlets, x ser aah | slender and thin ; leaves ‘hin-membranous he base, Leaves Gindata = tates sot es by 1-3, a: Bractlets only half as long as the calyx ; comb bout 4 the length of the corolla-tube ; flower. heads soli tary, vont 2 y threes, terminal. . WV, ew me poe iol, - N. cordifolia. N. parvifolia, F corolla. Iohes ‘about the tu’ 3 floral leaves ve deciduous, an, ies ttt soon forming LS wetomons divaric aie ‘ — diversifolia. x ~ shes Ponte ck and pubescent ; leaves large, co Flower-heads dichotomously panicled ; — 1 - — it short tube leaves wrinkled above padeee eo Nauelea.) RUBIACER, 65 * Flowers without bractlets. or acuminate at the base, ona glabrous petiole 4-10 lin. long, 3-5 in. long, shorter or longer acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glossy, glabrous ; flowers minute, sessile, on a hispid-tomentose receptacle, i ad glabrous, about 4 lin. long ; capsules obovate, about 24 lin. long, separating from the base into 2 valves, leaving a persistent linear dissepiment ; seeds linear, at both ends membranously acumi- nate. Has.—Pegu, at Myodwine.—Fl. Oct. N. sessilifolia, Roxb.—Hieing-kala—A leaf-shedding tree in. thick, blackish, transversely fissured and cracked; cut dry, rown; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong and elliptically oblong, almost sessile, or on a very short (hardly a line long) thick petiole, rounded or sometimes almost cordate at the base, 6-8 in. long, quite blunt or rounded at the apex, entire, thin-coriaceous, of a glaucous green, smooth, glossy above; flowers small, forming globular heads of nearly an inch in diameter, on a globular, grey- terminating into 5 angular-clavate, truncate, pubescent segments more than 2 | VOL, II. : E 66 RUBIACER. | Nauelea. shaped, the tube glabrous or nearly so, the limb appressed grey- pubescent; capsules obovate, appressed greyish pubescent at the apex, about 23 lin. long, crowned by the 5-toothed cupular calyx- limb; seeds linear, at both ends membranously acuminate. Has.—Common in the mixed forests, all over Pegu and Martaban; also Chittagong.—F. close of R.S.; Fr. Dec.-Jan.—1.—SS.=AlIL SiS. RemarKs.—Wood brown, rather coarse and close-grained,— D'=43—56 ; x * ,= eight: 208 pd. Pp 5 ieee | for furniture. * & Flowers surrounded by angular-clavate bractlets. ~ 4. N. cordifolia, Roxb. (Andina cordifolia, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 33, & Anal., t. 29,f. 2; Brand. For. Fi. 263, t. 2 valves, leaving the dissepiment often crowned with the summit of the calyx 3; seeds subulate, acuminate at one end, at the other terminating into 2 cusps. : Has.—Common in all Jeaf-shedding forests, especially the mixed ones, all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava to Peon - 4 _ .3 Be. in. of C.8.—l.—SS, = CaS, Metam, fo Pegu and apices ae. REMARKS,— Wood pale yellow or brown, rather close-grained, fibrous.— 0! ae sali for making combs, and likely valuable i eri and house- 5. N, ifolia, Roxb. (Stepheoyne foi. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. re Anal., : 29, we vlan he te ee ea Hleinpthdge-A. tree (25—50 +8—12436) , shedding leaves in hese . younger parts puberulous; stipules elliptically obovate, » glabrous, deciduous ; leaves small and 1-2 in. long, or larger and from 3 to 6 in. long, elliptical to elliptically oboval, more or less Nauclea.] RUBIACER. 67 rounded at the base, on a slender pubescent petiole 2-10 lin, long, blunt or sometimes retuse, firmly membranous or sometimes thin- chartaceous, almost glabrous and glossy above, beneath minutely and thinly pubescent and parallel-nerved; flowers small, yellowish, sessile, in small dense heads of about } in, in diameter, on a 1-2 lin. long pubescent or tomentose peduncle or almost sessile, supported by a pair of small deciduous floral leaves and forming a leafy, dichotomous, a spurious panicle at the end of the branches ; bractlets angular-clavate, truncate, as long as the calyx; calyx pubescent, the truncate cup- shaped limb glabrous ; corolla glabrous ; capsules about a line long, glabrous, ovoid, sulcate, persistent on the small, globular, shortly hispid receptacle, crowned by the cup-shaped calyx; seeds ovate- acuminate, winged all round. Var. 1, parvifolia proper: bractlets only half as long as the calyx ; corolla-lobes about 4 the length of the tube; flower-heads more constantly solitary between 2 floral leaves, Var. 2, diversifolia (NV. diversifolia, Wall.) : bractlets as long as the calyx; corolla-lobes about } the length of the tube; floral leaves very deciduous, the flower-heads soon in dichotomous divari- cate panicles; leaves much larger (3-6 in. long), beneath more con- spicuously pubescent ; stipules pubescent, _ , Var. 8, microphylla : as former, but leaves small (only 1-2 ae) » minutely and inconspicuously pubescent beneath ; stipules rous. é _HaB.—Common all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Tenas- Serim, in all mixed forests, especially the lower and savannah ones; var. 3: re- stricted to the savannah forests.—Fl. Sept.-Oct.; Fr. C.S.—1.—SS.=AU/. SiS. _ REMaRKs.—Wood light chestnut-coloured, close-grained, heavy, the annual ningsrather broad. O’=43; break-weight 170 pd.—Used for planking, but rots soon if exposed to wet ; seems also fit for cabinet-making. 6. N. rotundifolia, Roxb.—Bengha or bingah.—A leaf-shedding tree (40—60 + 20—30+3—6), all softer parts shortly pubescent ; bark about a line thick, roughish from short longitudinal corky- blunt, entire, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous and somewhat wrinkled above, beneath shortly but softly pubescent ; flowers small, white, in small globular heads of about }-2 in. in diameter, like those of NV. : oj 68 RUBIACER. [Nauclea. glabrous, about 14 lin. long, crowned by the annular scar of the calyx-limb ; seeds elongate-linear-lanceolate, acuminate at one end, winged all round. Has.—Oommon in the mixed forests, especially the upper and lower ones, all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim; also Chittagong.—Fl. close of R.S.; Fr. C.S.—SS.=All. SiS. Metam. - Remarxgs.—Wood pee yellow or brown, rather heavy, close-grained. O/= 45 pd.—Not much used ; recommended for furniture, CEPHALANTHUS, L. I , the lobes alternating with as many minute glands in their sinuses. Stamens 4, inserted at the throat, the filaments fili- form. Ovary 2-4-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule in each cell ; style filiform with a capitate stigma. Fruit obversely pyra- midate, coriaceous, containing 2-4 indehiscent 1-seeded cocci. Seeds pendulous, furnished with an apical, gs shortly winged at the apex. Albumen almost cartilaginous.— Shrubs or small trees, with longer, persistent, interpetiolar stipules. Flowers small peduncled heads more or less panicled at the end of the branchlets, 1. C. naucleoides, DC.—An evergreen elegant small tree, 10 lobes and supported by subulate clavate-iner -Incrassate pub t bract- re 3 corolla glabrous, the tube nearly 23 lin, tong the lobes very Has.—Burnia, probably Ava. UNCARIA, Schreb, Flowers usually pedicelled, rarel ile, i ; Y sessile, in heads, th e tacle glabrous or villous, Bractlets none, Oalys-iab ahorty pongy, white arillus, very — alg * Sayepidl sic te Se Gs ae aps eee ens Spas Eat tS ete Dees abn eee nietiietee (bh aapansaes eee ROP panies Pe Unb ae Rae Be SOE ee Unearia. | RUBIACER. 69 tubular, 5-toothed or -cleft. Corolla tubular- funnel-shaped, the limb 5-parted, imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted at the throat, the filaments short ; anther-cells terminated by an appendix. Ovary 2-celled, the cells with several ascending ovules attached to the middle of the placentas ; style slender with a clavate stigma. Capsule * Capsules long-stalked ; leaves more or less pubescent beneath. Flowers large, on 1-2 lin. long velvety pedicels ; calyx 3 an in. long; corolla hirsute . : : . > : : ‘ . U. ferruginea, Flowers almost sessile ; calyx 2 lin. long; corolla velvety . . U. sessilifolia, ‘apsules sessile. escent ‘. . . . . a pilosa, Calyx almost truncate and obsoletely 5-toothed; leaves glabrous. Spares Groen on both sides) 8 ie cee i) ts bel tevigann: Leaves glaucous beneath . . . U. sessilifructus. - U. ferruginea, DC.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all younger parts rusty-pubescent ; stipules broad and large, cordate, afterwards 2-cleft to the base; leaves elliptical, rounded at the base, on a strong glabrescent petiole 4-6 lin. long, apiculate or shortly and abruptly acuminate, 4-6 in. long, entire, chartaceous or almost coriaceous, above glabrous, glossy and often some- long densely tawny or rusty-tomentose pedicels, forming a loose globular head of about 24-3 in. diameter terminating the rusty- tomentose, more or less hooked, 14-24 in. long, solitary pedun- cles in the axils of the leaves, the peduncles of the lower leaves uncinnate and sterile; calyx-tube about a line long, rusty-tomen- tose, 5-angular, the limb greyish velvety, 3 lin. ong, deeply 5- cleft ; corolla tawny-hirsute outside, the tube 1 in. long or longer, the lobes about 2 lin. long; capsules spindle-shaped, tapering into the elongate pedicel, about 3 in. long, more or less rusty-tomentose, on the acuminate apex crowned with the persistent calyx-limb. _ Has.—Rather i ical fo of the eastern slopes of the P. Yomah ; Parson gone ei + saree . C.S.—s: L_-88.—SiS. pr ; 2. U. sessilifolia, Roxb.—A large scandent shrub, the youuger parts velvety-pubescent ; leaves elliptical to elliptically ovate, more or less rounded at the base, on a 4-5 lin. long puberulous petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly and abruptly bluntish acuminate, entire, 70 RUBIACER. [ Unearia, chartaceous, above glabrescent and more or less shortly pubescent along the nerves, beneath shortly pubescent all over and much net- veined ; flowers rather small, white, sessile or nearly so, in a globular head of 1 to 14 in. diameter terminating the compressed tawny- velvety solitary peduncles in the axils of the leaves, the lower uneles usually reduced to uncinnate hooks; calyx grey-puberu- lous, t inear, a i velvety, the tube slender, about 3 in. long, sometimes much shorter, the lo seeds minute, terminating into 3 linear hyaline wings. Has.—In the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah; also Tenasserim.—Fl. Sept.-Oct.; Fr. March.—s: 1—SS,=SiS. Metam. 3. U. pilosa, Roxb.— An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all softer parts more or less pubescent or almost hirsute; leaves elliptically ovate to ovate, on a hirsute 1-2 lin, long petiole, 2-3 in. long, rounded at the base, long and rather abruptly acumi- ona head of about 1-1} in. in diameter, on a hirsute or woolly, 1-14 in, D Has.—Not uncommon in the tropical forests of the eastern. slopes of: the Pegn Yomah and. from, Martaban down to U T im ; A hills, —E l, begin, of R.S.; Fr. Nov.-Deo.—s : L—Ss.—sis, i btédis end, of the branchlets ; calyx about a tuneate,; corolla glabrons, the tube 3-4 lin, long, the lobes very short, HB.—In the tropical : Upper Tenassarim.-—¥1, Feb,—s ¢ the easter slopes of the Pegu Yomah ; also fan R TP nF ae OT SN Oe a eee ae Te a eee, ae Cetera en ere Sef Uncaria.] RUBIACER. 71 5. U. sessilifructus, Roxb.—A large scandent shrub, the younger parts somewhat pruinous, puberulous; leaves from elliptical to broadly obovate-lanceolate, on 3-4 lin. long, slender, obsoletely puberous petioles, 2-3 in. long, acute or obtuse at the base, shortly and abruptly acuminate or apiculate, thin-coriaceous, entire, glabrous, beneath more or less glaucous and with a tuft of hairs in the nerve- axils ; flowers small, whitish, sessile, on a hispid-pubescent receptacle, forming a small globular head of about an inch or less in diameter on compressed, above the middle bracted, obsoletely puberous pedun- * eles which arise solitary from the axils of the leaves or often race- mosely along the end of the branchlets; calyx more than a line long, appressed-pubescent, truncate and obsoletely 5-toothed; corolla-tube slender, glabrous, 3-4 lin. long, the lobes very short, velvety ; capsules sessile, spindle-shaped, crowned by the 5-toothed calyx- limb, about 2 in. long, sparingly appressed-pubescent. eae the tropical forests of Pegu and Tenasserim.—Fr. Nov.-Dec.— 8: LUCULIA, Sw. Calyx-tube turbinate, the lobes of the limb unequal, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube, the limb horizontally 5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the corolla-tube ; filaments very short. Disk annular. Ovary 2-celled, with numer- ous ovules in each cell attached to the 2-lamellate placentas; style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule almost woody, 2-celled and. septicidally 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds minute, shortly winged at the apex, albuminous. Embryo minute, the cotyledons blunt.— Shrubs or small trees, with interpetiolar, subulate-pointed, deciduous stipules. Flowers showy, in terminal corymb-like panicles. 1. L. gratissima, Sw.—An evergreen shrub, glabrous or the young shoots somewhat puberous ; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceo- late, acuminate at both ends, on a slender petiole up to 4 in. long, membranous, 4-6 in. long, glabrous; flowers showy, rose-co oured, on longer or shorter pedicels, forming a terminal corymb-like panicle; calyx glabrous, the tube 2 lin. long, the lobes up to 4 lin. long, oblong or linear-oblong, stiff, erect, deciduous; corolla-tube about an in. long, lobes of the limb rotundate, 4-5 lin. long. Haz.—Ava hills,—Fl. R.S. : HYMENODICTYON, Wall. Calyx-tube ovoid, the limb 5-toothed ; corolla funnel-shaped, _ Naked at the throat, the limb 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted at the — throat and included ; filaments very short; anthers erect, oblong. 72 RUBIACER. [ Hymenodictyon. Ovary 2-celled, the cells with numerous ascending ovules imbri- cately attached to the linear placentas ; style simple, long-exserted ; stigma clavate-capitate or almost lobed. Capsule almost woody, 2- celled, opening loculicidally in 2 valves. Seeds numerous, com- pressed, surrounded by a membranous net-veined wing 2-cleft at the base. Albumen fleshy.—Trees, with glandular, serrate, deciduous, interpetiolar stipules. Flowers small, clustered, forming raceme- we thyrsoid panicles supported by more or less discoloured floral ves. iflorum, Wall.—Kkoosan.—A tree (50—60 + 25—30 during H.S., all softer parts velvety-pubescent; bark clusters, forming raceme-like shortly pubescent panicles supported by a whitish long-petioled floral leaf and arranged into a loose seeds 4 an 2-cleft at the base, Has.—Common in the mixed dry forests of the Prome dj rict rare i . : t rather in the upper mixed forests of the P gu Yomah: alee: hit ask ee ee Fr. C8.—L—-$8.—Cas. Sis, Omahs also Chittagong —Fl. Au Bee REMARKS.—Wood light, loose-grained, bike. ge Used for black-boards in Burmese schools, and for abeeme te ote pd. HYMENOPOGON, Wall. Calyx-tube obovate, the limb 5-parted i 5 2 » persistent. Corolla salver-shaped with a very long tube, the limb Sauce. Stameni 5, included in the inflated summit of the tube Ov celled, é 2 wned b the alyx-li - i the apex in 2 valves, the Valves Seer —— = ae is C Ds, with crowded leaves and larce mem- branous Interpetiolar stipules. Flowers conspicuous, in nian ek = ae corymbs furnished with large discoloured floral Hymenopogon.] RUBIACER. 73 _, Has.—Epiphytic on the mossy trees of the upper dry forests on. the summit of the Kambala ridges, Pegu Yomah, at about 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fr. C.S.—l. WENDLANDIA, Bartl. Calyx-tube almost globular, often striate, the limb minutely 4- or 5-toothed, persistent. Corolla-tube short, glabrous at the swollen throat, the limb 4- or 5-lobed, almost twisted in bud. mens 5, inserted at the summit of the tube and exserted ; filaments short; anthers versatile. Ovary on a fleshy epigynous disk; 2-celled, the cells with numerous ovules on the hemispherical placentas ; style exserted, filiform, with a 2-cleft stigma. Capsule globular, 2- celled, opening at the apex loculicidally in 2 valves. Seeds numer- ous, minute.—Trees or shrubs, with entire interpetiolar stipules. Flowers small, racemulose, spiked or clustered, and arranged in terminal thyrsoid panicles or .in 1-sided spikes forming corymbose divaricate panicles, * Flowers 5-merous, sessile or shortly pedicelled, in irregular t spikelets, racemes or clusters, forming a thyrsoid terminal panicle. X Calyx-teeth short, triangular, acute. All parts and leaves on both sides harshly and shortly pubescent . W. scabra, raves more or less shortly pubescent beneath or glabrescent; panicle pubescent or tomentose . . , ‘ P . W. tinctoria. All parts, also the panicle, quite glabrous ; flowers minutely pedi- celled . : . : : @ : : weet - W. glabrata. X X Calyx-teeth subulate-acuminate, as long or longer n the calyx-tube. tha 1 Leaves coriaceous, glabrous < ‘ . : . . ligustrina. Leaves ees, membranous, appressed-pubescent on th - nea COMPOSITA. 77 COMPOSIT A. Flowers (usually called florets) collected into a head (very rarely reduced to a single or a few florets) , surrounded by an invol- pappus Corollas either all hermaphrodite, tubular and 5- or rarely 4-toothed (heads discoid), or all hermaphrodite and ligulate (7. ¢., tubular with he itary, or in panicles or corymbs, sometimes reduced to clusters or eads, The largest family of phanerogams, numbering nearly 10,000 Species. About 120 species have been found in Burma, of which only very few are woody. A bitter matter, combined with astrin- Sency, an acrid resinous substance, and some ethereal oil, are the stimulating tonic. Oil abounds in the seeds of many species, and some of them, like sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Madia sativa, and Guizotia oleifera, axe locally cultivated on a larger scale. Saf- cultivated in Prome district. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is much cultivated in Europe for its tap-root, used as a substitute for coffee. « 78 COMPOSITE. [ Leucomeris. Only a few are noteworthy as esculents, like garden-lettuce (Lactuca sativa), artichokes (Cynara scolymus), endive (Cichorium endivia), and a few others. * Flower-heads homogamous, discoid, the florets all tubu- ar lar, hermaphrodite, and regular or nearly so. Anthe usually fringed or tailed at 3 style usually slightly thickened at the e 0! narrow and blunt or Leucomeris, Pappus long, capi 3 » Simple. ‘ ° . %* %* Flower-heads homogamons, discoid, the florets all tubu- lar, hermap ite, and n o. : OR Ate ge Conyza. ers with fine tails ceous or soft ; style of the disk-florets branched. : - Blumea, Anthers with fine tails; involucral-bracts rigid; style of disk- florets simple ee . a ‘ « Pluchea, ing into ciliate tails. Style filiform, slightly thickened towards the apex, slightly 2-lobed. Achenes weeny almost terete, 5- Pere lb cata the Pappus consisting of numerous rough- -—Shrubs or small ¢ i i leaves. Flower-heads usually fe doe sad Ta ee eens, ee clusters, ae L, decora, Kz.—A tree (12—1543—44 1), leafless in H.S., young shoots white villous-tomentose 3 leaves elliptically- to involucre ¢. -cyathiform, narrowed into the scaly peduncle, the 4 So bwrr : Y pedune bracts lanceolate, rigid, thinly arachnoid-woolly, ereee, the outer ones Leucomeris.] COMPOSITR. 79 gradually shorter; florets white, fragrant, nearly an inch long ; pappus pale tawny, 4 an in. long; achenes 4 an in. long, sulcate, densely appressed villous-silk-hairy. mae bee ge - the Eng forests of the Prome district.—Fl. Remarxs.— Wood soft, white, VERNONIA, Schreb. regular, the limb narrowly 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, the auricles blunt or acuminate, but not tailed, Style-branches subulate, shortly hairy. Achenes 8-10-ribbed, or rarely almost 4-5- leaves. Flower-heads terminal panicles, * Pappus dirty straw-coloured or whitish, X Trees or erect shrubs. © Leaves glabrous and glossy above, entire, the petiole slender, 1-14 in. long . ; = ‘ ‘ F aves more or less puberulous, pubescent or villous on both sides; the petiole strong and thickly pubescent. Leaves shortly pubescent, acute to acuminate, decurrent at the ac lesiatieg base; involucre-bracts 2 lin, long, slightly e V. arborea. ° : ° ‘ = ° é . i . » V. acuminata, Leaves broadly ovate, acute, villous; involucre-bracts 1} lin. long, — few, plain, densely appressed SERADOEY..§ 6 5 4 nt Ve Re X Scandent shrubs; leaves linear to linear-oblong, silvery-silk-hairy beneath . . . . . Vi eleagnifolia. * * Pappus more or less tawny to red-brown coloured, Scan- sruos, Almost glabrous; flower-heads 5- (usually 10-) to 25-flowered ; achenes appressed-pilose . : Pets Bek - V. blan Leaves pubescent on the nerves beneath ; achenes quite glabrous . V. scandens. 1. V. acuminata, DC. (V. volkameriefolia, DC. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr., t. 225).—An evergreen treelet (15—25 +3441), all parts shortly pubescent; bark 2-3 lin. thick, brittle, longitudinally and transversely cracked, ash-grey; cut brown, ryish ; leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, bluntish or tapering at the narrowed base and decurrent on the strong pubescent petiole of about 3-4 in. length, acute to shortly acuminate, }-1} ft. long, rigidly papery, above 80 : COMPOSIT. [ Vernonia. glabrescent, beneath shortly pubescent all over ; flower-heads sessile or shortly peduncled, cymose, middling-sized, forming a greyish or tawny-pubescent ample panicle at the end of the branchlets; in- volucre-bracts gradually larger upwards, up to 2 lines long, concave- oblong, rigidly coriaceous, acute, slightly keeled, appressed-pubes- cent outside ; florets lilac, 3 to 10 ; achenes ribbed, glabrous or nearly so, the pappus white or whitish. : Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill and the Eng forests of the Martaban . hills; Ava, Kakhyen hills, at elevations from 2,000 to 4,000 ft.—-Fl. Feb.- March; Fr. Apr.—l.—SS.= , Remarxs.—Wood whitish, turning pale brown, coarse, heavy, close-grained, rather hard, the heartwood narrow, dark-greyish brown, of a soft and almost cor. : 2. V. arborea, Ham. ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. Madr. 135.—An evergreen tree 50-60 ft. high, the shoots tawny-pubescent ; leaves oblong to h ) n to entire, membranous but thickly villous, especially beneath; flower- heads rather small, sessile and slenderly but shortly peduncled, : in. the - Has.—Not unfrequent in the diy hill forests of hills east " of Tounghoo, at 1,000 to 2,500 ft. elevation, freely pina, oe *< hil toungyas.— Fl. March. ; Fr. Apr.—1,—SS.— Meteo Snes De - 4. V. eleagnifolia, DC.— Soe the shoots silvery — An evergreen, large, scandent —_ . ry; leaves linear to linear-oblong, acute at — : Vernonia.] COMPOSITR. 81 whitish. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently frequent about Moulmein, Mergui.—Fl. Jan.- to March; Fr. March to May. 5. V. blanda, DC.—An evergreen scandent or rarely almost erect shrub, the shoots sparingly and minutely pubescent ; leaves elliptically lanceolate to ovate, acute at the base, on a slender petiole 3-4.lin. long, finely acuminate, 3-4 and occasionally up to 54 in. long, membranous, entire, glabrous or indistinctly puberulous on the nerves beneath ; flower-heads rather large, shortly peduncled, form- ing shortly pubescent poor cymes at the end of axillary shoots and collected into panicles at the end of the branchlets ; Involucre-bracts humerous, in several rows, gradually larger from below, linear, nearly 4 lin. long, acute, ciliolate on the margins; florets blue; achenes pilose, ribbed, the pappus tawny. Has.—Rather frequent in jungles and hill toungyas of Peeu and Martaban ; Upper Tension eT : J “tls ALE pa pg mee Wet, 6. V. scandens, DC.— An> evergreen scandent shrub, the younger branchlets shortly pubescent ; leaves elliptically to broadly and ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a more or less puberulous 5 lin. i branous, puberulous on the principal nerves beneath; flower-heads somewhat smaller than those of the preceding species, shortly pedun- cled, forming small panicles at the end of the axillary shortly margins ; florets blue ; receptacle hispid to almost glabrous ; achenes quite glabrous, the pappus tawny-coloured, 7 Has.—Pegu; Ava. MICROGLOSSA, DC. Flower-heads heterogamous, the florets all fertile, the outer YOU, it. F 82 COMPOSITH. [ Mieroglossa. shrubs, with entire leaves. Flower-heads small, corymbose, or corymbosely paniculate ; florets blue or lilac. 1. M. volubilis, DC.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, the branchlets more or less pubescent; leaves ovate to _ovate- lanceolate, acute at the base, acuminate, 14 to 2 in. long or longer, membranous, entire, on both sides (above roughishly) puberulous ; flower-heads small, sessile or shortly peduncled, cymose and form- ing more or less divaricate puberulous or almost glabrous corymbs at the end of the branchlets; involucre-bracts linear, bluntish, thin-scarious, 1-nerved, ciliate 3 florets all lilac; achenes angular, minute, glabrous, the pappus silky, about 2 lin. long, pinkish pale-coloured. H4s.—Frequent in hill-poonzohs all over Martaban and Tenasserim, up to 3,500 ft. elevation; Ava, Kakhyen-hills. Fl, Feb.; Fr. March.—l,—SS.= BLUMEA, DC. Flower-heads heterogamous, discoid, the outer fertile florets female m several rows, those of the disk often few and rarely sterile. Involucre ovoid to bell-shaped, the bracts imbricate in many rows, narrow, herbaceous to chartaceous, the outer. ones gradually smaller, Recep flat, i filiform, ponataly 2-3-toothed, the hermaphrodite ones regular, a ifera, DC.—Poung-ma-theing.—An evergreen l. B. balsam shrub sometimes owin Blumea.] COMPOSITR. 83 involucre-bracts silky-pilose, linear-subulate, acuminate, about 3 lin. long, the outer ones gradually shorter; florets numerous, yellow ; achenes minute, glabrous, the pappus soft, 3-34 lin. long, pinkish pale-coloured. Has.—A most common and troublesome weed freely springing up in de- serted toungyas and savannahs, along river-sides, etc., all over Burma, up to 3,000 ft. elevation —FI. Fr. H.S.—l.—SS.= o. REMaRKs.— Wood pale-coloured, rather light, but close-grained, soft. Yields camphor equal to the Chinese one. PLUCHEA, Cass. slightly widened and 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate at the base, the basal lobes acuminate-caudate. Style-branches of hermaphrodites a single series—Shrubs, with usually toothed or pinnatifid leaves. Fer head often small, in terminal corymbs; florets usually 1. P. Indica, Less.—Kayoo,—An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous or the young shoots puberulous; leaves obovate to cuneate-obovate, shortly petioled to almost sessile, bluntish to acute, 1-2 in. long, memb , Sinuate-toothed, glabrous; flower- heads small, sessile or nearly so, forming usually glabrous terminal corymbs; bracts rigid, the outer ones ovate and bluntish, the innermost ones linear, acute, about 2 lin. long; florets lilac; achenes minute, the pappus white. Has.—Frequent in the beach and tidal forests, and entering the tidal savan- nahs, all along the coasts from Chittagong down to Tenasserim and the Anda- mans.—F], Cs. ; Fr. H.S.—1L—SS.=Sal. Aren. ca, CAMPANULACEZ. from, or very rarely more or less adnate to, it; anthers opening longitudinally, free or united in a ring round the style. Ovary inferior or rarely superior or free except the broad base, 2- or more- 84 CAMPANULACER. [ Scevola. celled, with numerous ovules in each cell; style simple or divided at the top into as many stigmatic lobes or branches as there are cells to the ovary. Fruit usually a capsule, opening either in short valves at the top or in lateral pores or slits, rarely an indehiscent try. Seeds numerous, small. Embryo straight, often very small, in a fleshy albumen.—Herbs or rarely shrubs or little trees, usuall with milky juice. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, simple or rarely pinnatifid. Stipules none. Flowers solitary or clustered and axillary, or in terminal spikes, racemes, or panicles. Of this order 14 species inhabit Burma, but only one of this may pass as a shrub or little tree. All the true Lobeliads are of a suspicious character, and Isotoma longiflora; a West Indian plant, now fully nuturalized in Java and Singapore, is a mos poisonous plant. SCAIVOLA, L. Calyx-limb usually very short, 5-parted. Corolla oblique, the tube slit on the upper side down to the base, the lobes nearly equal, or the upper ones shorter, u at length digitately expanding. Stamens free. Ovary wholly inte it between two bractlets, sessile or dwhiclad "ass Cae often dichotomously peduncled, axillary, the pedun r ] bese . oss z ong, more oe nny Puvescent, especially within, the lobes obovate-oblong, blunt; fringed; drupe the size of a pea, ovoid or almost globu- Has.—F t in” . ‘ serim and tay eee ~ a Foes opty the shores :of- Teams ~ Reet Weld fibrous, coarse, milky, useless, the pith soft and spongy- : X X Capsule ng. Corolla funnel. or bell-shaped, 5-cleft ; stamens 5 or 10, declinate ; Vaceinium.} ERICACER. : : 85 ERICACEZ. Calyx more or less deeply 5- or 4-lobed or -toothed, the tube adnate to the ovary or quite free, sometimes very short. Corolla tudinal slits. Hypogynous disk very small or none. Ovary usually with as many cells as corolla-lobes, rarely more or fewer trees, terrestrial or epiphytic, with simple, usually alternating, penni- nerved or 3-nerved leaves. Flowers solitary and axillary, in short other kinds. The young shoots and foliage of Andromeda ovalifolia * Ovary inferior ; Sruit indehiscent, succulent. Calyx 4-5-toothed or -lobéd or -cleft; corolla tubular, campanulate or urceolate ; anther-cells produced in a shorter or longer Pe: tube; ovary-cells as many as corolla-lobes . . . . Vaccinium. * * Ovary superior. x Capsule dry, loculicidally opening. Corolla globular to tubular-urceolate, with .a 5-toothed reflexed limb; stamens 10, enclosed ; the anthers shortly one-awned ; Calyx 2-bracted at base; corolla ovate-urceolate, with a 5-cleft revolute limb ; stamens 10, the anthers 2-cleft, the cells. ter- hating in 2 awns; hypogynous scales 10, usually uni at base ; calyx fleshy and berry-like “cates psule dry, septicidally openi Andromeda, te ee VACCINIUM, L. Calyx adnate to the ovary, the limb 4- or 5-lobed. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped or urceolate, 4- or 5-lobed or -cleft. Stamens 86 ERICACER. [ Vaccinium, many as corolla-lobes, hypogynous ; anthers adnate, 2-celled, is ot Phisished with 2 bristles on the back, the cells more or less prolonged in a tube open at the apex. Epigynons disk cup- shaped, 5-lobed, or more or less cushion-like. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, the placentas more or less distinct and free, ascending, bearing numerous 0 on their margins. Berry more or less pulpy, 4- or 5-celled, often appearing 10-celled from the adherence of the walls of the thickened placentas. Seeds several in each cell, with a coriaceous or somewhat bony testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo orthotrop, the radicle next the hilum.—Shrubs, often epiphytic, rarely small trees, with serrate or entire leaves. Flowers solitary or several together in the axils of the leaves, or in axillar y racemes, * Flowers usually large, rarely small; corals gee weak hs Petritory speed pedicels more than an inch long, thick- ened upwards often eign pe dilated at th he apex ; 1, piphytical shrubs, X Flowers large, 1- 2h i in. long, tubular re bell-shaped. in, lon © Filaments more z Anthers short, connate; corolla tubular 3 inflorescence glabrous. ., V. maecrostemon. ise LOO eae short and thick, pid sind 4g long. § Calyx and pedicels gland: Anthers without bristles between their tubes ; catia tubular or tubular-bell-shaped ; F . V. verticillatum. § . yx and pedicels ite smooth, + Anthers without a pair of reflexed or uncin- wiitne bristles | between wae tu Anthers exserted ; es of leaves uni a marginal nerve ; flowers about Zin, hoo or longer, ar . V. variegatum. — i flowers uniformly scarlet and only an inch or thereabouts V. Roylet. Anthers included sree of lowes not confluent into a obatinucss marginal n V, miniatum, ee Anthers with i pair. of bristles between tubes at the base or half-wa way up. ane tubular-bell- — calyx toothed, teeth subulate- ceolate Conta hag de, bell-shaped calyx. ‘limb _eup-sbaped, with sinuate Vs campanulatum. or x ¢ Flows s rather small 4in . to 2 lin, only long, urceo to elongate-ureolut, reacts eolate; flowers in uneled prmin emes “si . V. auriculatum. Corolla 2 lin. lo ey oi in short tbe like racemes ¢ « V. acuminatun, V. odontocerum. Corolla § “ ro} an in. terminal sags ers small, urceolate or urceolate- shaped, on ‘ icels thickened oly ty we ie or not at all, forming elongate usually 1-sided ra Berries glob i a ee: htaeal. the bracts deciduous, —Epiphytic ru 8 Branchlets pubescent; es tect at the with 2 bristles at th vent mete: — V, pumilum, xx! “eer sition; the bracts deciduous .— Terres trial shrubs.or small ¢ trees, Vaccinium.] ERICACER. 87 All parts glabrous ; pedicels, ealyx, and corolla glabrou $ . + FV. Donianym, Young shoots and racemes, sometimes also the calyx, pubescent; us : . rEciaacas te . V. exaristatum, and crowned by the cyathimorph calyx-limb Hap.—Not unfrequent in the hill forests, especially the drier ones, of the Martaban hills east o Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s. 2. V. verticillatum, Kz., not Wight—An evergreen epiphytical shortly acuminate, 24-34 in. long, coriaceous, entire or obsoletely and remotely serrate towards the apex, glabrous, the nerves uniting rnered, with linear-lan iphents nearly 2 lin, long ; ‘anthers about 3 lin. long, granular- r ores . : Var. 1, verticillatum proper : corolla only about 2 in. long ; flowers in shortly Sedundied wabel uke racemes, 88 ERICACER. [ Vaccinium. Var. 2, elegans: corolla as in former, but the flowers solitary or by 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves ; leaves usually broader. Var. 3, grandi P ceding ; flowers in short-peduncled or sessile umbel-like racemes, occasionally also solitary. Has.—Var. 2: not unfrequent in the upper dry forests of the Kambala ridges, Pegu Yomah, at 2,500 to 3,000 ft. elevation; var. 3: in the hill forests, especially the drier ones, of Martaban and Tenasserim, at 4,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl, March.—], 3..V. variegatum, Kz.—An evergreen epiphytical shrub, 2-3 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves from lanceolate to obovate-lanceo- uniting along the margins ; flowers crimson or scarlet, or -varie- 2 lin. long, acute, often obscurely ribbed and penninerved ; anthers granular-tubercled, on very short filaments, produced into 3-13 in. ot tet 3 stigma truncate ; berries glabrous, red, crowned by the pee 1, macranthum : flowers about 2 in, long or longer, varie- Var. 2, Roylei (Zhibaudia var; ta only half so long, scarlet, egata, Royle, not Roxb.) : flowers Haz.—Var. 1: Upper Tenasserim - var. 2 ; ; ; * 5) mt t f the Martaban ils at 3000 to 000K clevaton, “Bae oil forests 4. V, miniatum, Kz.—An ey , : ; sey ergreen epiphytical shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to eS hen a very short ed at the somewhat unequal spand-serrulate, coriaceous, us and Prominent beneath, not forming very short ; anthers included in the : tube, : e hat shorter the straight nude bard ator tubercled, som Has,—Burma, probably Ava hills, diflorum : corolla twice as long as in the pre- — ry Te ne Vaccinium.) - ERICACEM. 89 leaves or arising from the branches ; calyx glabrous, the teeth linear-subulate ; corolla about an inch long, variegated, glabrous, 5-gonous, . tubular-bell-shaped, the lobes linear-lanceolate, rather long and reflexed; filaments short; anthers exserted, granular- tubercled, the cells terminating into long stiff tubes with 2 refracted bristles between each pair about half-way up on the back. Has.—Ava hills, adjoining Assam.— Fl. March. 6. V. campanulatum, Kz—An evergreen epiphytical shrub, all parts glabrous, the branches somewhat angular; leaves from obovate-oblong to lanceolate, on a very short and thick petiole or & marginal nerve, the net-veination thin and lax 3; flowers scarlet, often variegated, on slender glabrous pedicels, forming a short, slender, glabrous raceme usuall arising from the branches; cal glabrous, the limb cyathiform, sinuately and sharply 5-toothed ; corolla glabrous, about 4 an in. long or somewhat longer, 5-angular, bell-shaped, with long lanceolate-acuminate reflexed lobes ; filaments very short ; anthers granular-tubercled, the cells terminating into stiff tubes somewhat longer than the anther and furnished with a pair of refracted bristles just at the base of the back. - HaB.—Martaban, not unfrequent in the stunted hill forests near the top of Nattoung, at about 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—s. 7. V. auriculatum, Kz.—An evergreen epiphytical shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to elliptically oblong, almost: sessile with a rounded base, 3-4 in. long, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, Pa the lobes linear, nearly twice as long (2 lin. long) as the tube; corolla 0 slightly 5-angular, glabrous, about 4 an in. long, the lobes short ; ments very short, ciliate at the apex ; anthers granular-tubercled, 90 ERICACER. [ Vaccinium, the cells terminating into stiff tubes nearly twice as long as the anthers themselves ; berries the size of a large pea, glabrous, seated on the enlarged eyathiform entire apex of the pedicel, crowned by the rather stiff calyx-lobes. ~ a the hill forests of Martaban, above 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. aren. ' 8, V, acuminatum, Kz.—An evergreen shrub, apparently epiphytical, all parts glabrous, the ‘branchlets angular; leaves lanceolate to narrow ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the base and decurrent on the short petiole, 4-6 in. long, long-acuminate, re- motely crenate-serrate, thick-chartaceous or coriaceous, glabrous, the nerves thin, not united in a marginal nerve; flowers small, scarlet, on long, slender, glabrous red pedicels, forming short, glab- rous, short-peduncled racemes above the scars of the fallen leaves; calyx glabrous, the teeth broadly triangular-acute; corolla oval- urceolate, terete, about 2 lin, long or somewhat longer, glabrous, the short bluntish lobes reflexed ; filaments nearly as long as the slightly granular-wrinkled anthers; anther-cells terminating into rather broad tubes of their own length; berries glabrous, crowned by the calyx-limb. _ Has.—Burma, probably Moulmein hills, * * Flowers small, urceolate or urceolate-bell-shaped, on short thin pedicels usually not thickened at the apex, forming elongate usually \-sided racemes ; corolla usually terete ; anther-tubes usually short ; berries globose. 9. V. pumilum, epiphytical shrub, the branchlets pubescent ; leaves oblong to ob- long-lanceolate, ona very short puberulous petiole, acute at the e, about an- inch long or shorter, bluntish, minutely crenate, ; leaves of a thinner texture, obovate-cuneate to 3 os purple, glabrous, crowned by the calyx-limb var. 2, cuneata cuneate, rounded or blunt at the apex ; flowers longer pedicelled. Vaccinium. | ERICACER, 91 Has.—Frequent on trees of the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills, at 5,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation; var. 2: on the same hills, at 4,000 ft. elevation.— Fl. Fr. March. —1. out marginal nerve, the net-veination lax 3 flowers small, on 1-14 lin. long glabrous pedicels, forming slender, elabrous, bractless axil- ; anthers smooth, without or with bristles atthe long tubular enaees 3 berries globular, glabrous, crowned by the ealyx- imb, ___Has.—In the drier hill forests, especially the pine forests, of the Martaban edi 3,000 to 6,000 ft, elevation.—Hl. Jan.-Feb. ; Fr. March.—S$.— 11. V. exaristatum, Kz.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + (?) + 1—2) ora large shrub, the young shoots all shortly and softly pubes- cent ; leaves from oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, on a shortly pubescent short petiole, acute or bluntish at the base, 14-24 in. long, acute or shortly acuminate, serrulate, chartaceous, while young sparingly pubescent beneath, soon glabrous, penninerved and slightly net-vyeined without marginal nerve ; flowers white, on 1-14 lin, long puberulous pedicels, forming a slender, puberulous, one- sided raceme in the axils of the leaves, the bracts crimson, decidu- ous before expansion of the flowers ; calyx puberulous or almost Tous, urceolate, the short lobes reflexed ; filaments pilose, dilated at the base ; anthers terminating ‘into short tubes, destitute of bristles ; berries globular, red, glabrous, crowned by the calyx-limb, H4s.—Common in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills, at 5,000 to 6,000 ft. clevation.— Fl, March.—l.—SS.—Metam, ANDROMEDA, L. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes acuminate. Corolla from globose to eylindri >A gear* ages with a contracted 5-toothed more or less reflexed Stamens 10, included; filaments hardly dilated at the base, 2 bristles at the summit; anthers dehiscing longi. po rican ovules attached to the axial thick placentas ; style thick, *Sonous, truncate or 5-toothed. Capsule 5-celled and loculicidally 92 ERICACER, [ Andromeda. : 5-valved, with numerous minute scopiform seeds in each cell.— Small trees or shrubs or undershrubs, with alternate penninerved leaves. Flowers usually small, in one-sided, elongate, axillary racemes, 1. A. ovalifolia, Wall.; Brand. For. Fl.” 210.—A tree (23—35 + (?) + 2—3), usually stunted and crooked, shedding leaves in C.S., the younger parts pubescent, but soon turning more or less glabrous ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base, 24-34 in. long, ona glabrescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, shortly acuminate, entire, rigidly ¢ artaceous, glabrous, or usually slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath and sprinkled with minute rown scales; flowers rose-coloured or white, on 1-2 lin. long or 5-valved, glabrous. Has.—Common in the drier (especially the stunted) hill forests of Martaban, at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Fr. Wert so ae : GAULTHERIA, Kalm. Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat enlarging with ripening of the fruit and turning more or less fleshy. Corolla ovoid-urceolate, often contract- ed at the 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, included ; filaments often villous; anthers 2-cleft, 2-celled, the cells produced into 2 bristles (anthers therefore 4-aristate). Hypogynous scales 10, distinct, or usually united at the base. Ovary 5-celled, the cells with numer- 4 shy calyx, and appe try-hke, 5-gonous and loculicidally 5-valved.—Shrubs or small trees, = a o or entire leaves. Flowers or bracteoled pedicels arranged in shorter or ] -si i OF Sc ata r tonger usually one-sided axillary 1. G. punctata, Bl—aAn evergreen shrub, often crowjne out i , ee into a stunted crooked tree up to 25 ft high, but = often re- to oblong-lanceolate and obovate, on a longer or shorter glabrous ly red ee: be at bs base, 2-3 in. long, acute to pee serrwate, especially towards the apex, coriaceous, glab- rous, beneath greenish white and more or less plbadedan delta he midrib and nerves strong and red-coloured, the transverse veination Gaultheria.] ERICACER. 93 Jax ; flowers small, white, 2-bracted at the base, on 1-2 lin. long puberulous glabrescent. pedicels, forming rather robust, puberulous, glabrescent racemes in the axils of the leaves and crowded at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, slightly puberulous ; corolla 2-23 lin. long, ovoid-urceolate, glabrous outside, villous or almost glabrous within, the very short lobes reflexed 3 Ovary vil- lous ; capsule depressed-globular, pubescent, more or less covered by the fleshy bluish-black calyx. Haxs.—Common in the drier, especially the stunted, hill forests of Martaban, at 6,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Feb. ; Fr. March.—l.—SS,—=Metam. RHODODENDRON, L. numerous, compressed. scopiform.—Small trees or shrubs, sometimes epiphytic, with alternate or almost whorled leaves. Flowers usually Owy, in umbel-like terminal racemes or solitary or few together in the axils of the upper leaves. Leaves silvery and shortly tomentose beneath; ovary rusty- puberulous ; bracts of leaf-buds villous ; tree s ‘ . R. arboreum. Leaves rusty-lepidote beneath; ovary and style rusty-lepidote ; : bracts of leaf-buds only silky-ciliate; shrub. . € smooth. Ovary and style quite glabrous ; bracts of leaf-buds minutely cili- ate Ree eg ene ot ee 4 > e above, beneath appressed silvery-tomentose, the strong lateral nerves more or less glabrescent; flowers showy, scarlet, on shortly ubes- cent longer or shorter pedicels, forming terminal, sessile, umbel-like Tacemes protected by very deciduous, large, villous-pubescent bracts ; YX very short and inconspicuous, 5-toothed ; corolla campanu- late-funnel-shaped, about an inch long or somewhat longer, the lobes ovate, blunt; filaments slender, glabrous ; ovary rusty-puberulous ; 94 ERICACER. [ Rhododendron. eapsules rather woody, about 34 an in. long, oblong, thick and a little curved, glabrescent. Has.—In the hill forests of the Karenee hills, north-east of Tounghoo. 2. R, formosum, Wall.—An evergreen shrub, 2-3 ft. high, the branchlets and young parts covered with spreading tawny or brown hairs ; leaves oblong to obovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the se, on a thick, somewhat hairy petiole 2-3 lin. long, 2-24 in. long, acute, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, and somewhat wrinkled above or sprinkled with spreading tawny hairs, beneath rusty-coloured from numerous roundish rusty-coloured scales, the lateral nerves little conspicuous ; bracts of the leaf-buds broadly ovate, blunt, glabrous, in. long or somewhat longer oblong, blunt, rusty-brown, rough from a very short indistinct tomentum. : : Has.—Martaban, in the stunted hill forest the top of Nattoung, above 7,000 ft. elevation ; also Moulmein hills. Merah! -L-Steabeeaee 3. R, Moulmeinense, Hook.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 10— 15+3—4), all parts glabrous ; bark rough, reddish ; leaves lanceolate to oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the base, 2-4 in. long, shortly and bluntish acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glab- Has.—Common in the hill forests especi : » especially the damper ones, from Marta- cheat to Tenasserim, at 4,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation. FL. March.—s.—SS.= REMARKS.— Wood white, soft. EPACRIDER, Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx of 5, rarely 4, distinct sepals, much imbricatein bud. Corolla witha cylindrical bell-shaped Leucopogon.] EPACRIDER. 95 or urceolate tube, the limb 5- rarely 4-lobed, valvate or variously imbricate, rarely the petals all distinct. Stamens as many as cupular, entire, lobed, or consisting of 5 distinct scales, rarely want- ing. Ovary superior, 5- or fewer- rarely 6-10-celled, the cells with a . solitary or several pendulous ovule ; style simple, terminal or spuri- g for g se 8 st Q 2 © Cel g S 3 7) g Z LEUCOPOGON, R. Br. _ Corolla-tube longer or shorter than the calyx, without tufts of hairs or scales below the middle, densely bearded inside, the lobes valvate. Filaments inserted near the mouth of the corolla, short, filiform ; anthers wholly or partially included. Hypogynous . disk cup-shaped, truncate, 5-toothed or -lobed or of 5 distinct scales. Ovary usually 2-3. or 5- (very rarely 1- or 6-10) -celled, the cells l-ovuled ; style short or long. Fruit a drupe, the mesocarp sometimes pulpy, but usually thin, the endocarp crustaceous or hard.—Shrubs, with usually small rigid leaves. Flowers small, in terminal or axil- small spikes or the spikes reduced. I. L, Malayanus, Jack.—An evergreen, small, rigid shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, sessile, nar- rowed at both ends, very acute or mucronate, entire, 1-2 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, obscurely parallel-nerved, glossy above, more or Tl maceous, oblong-lanceolate, about a line long, minutely ciliate; corolla funnel-shaped, a little longer than the calyx, puberulous, 5- cleft, the lobes lanceolate, bearded above the base ; hypogynous es 5, distinct, erect, blunt ; style villous, the stigma almost glo- bular ; drupe sappy, almost globular, the putamen usually 5-celled. 96 EPACRIDER. [ Leucopogon. ody long, mucronate-acute ; spikes about 4 in. lon : Var. 2, Moluccanus (Z. Moluccanus, Scheff.) : leaves 4-1 in. long, 14-24 lin. broad, subulate-pointed ; spikes only 14-2 lin. long. Has.—Var. 1: Burma, probably Southern Tenasserim ; var. 2: Tenasserim. Var. 1, Malayanus proper; leaves larger and broader, 14-2 in, long. PLUMBAGINES,. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx tubular, often enlarged and scarious, or petal-like at the apex, with 5 prominent ri from a filiform placenta erect from the base ; styles 5, distinct or united at the base. Capsule 1-seeded, not or irregularly dehiscing. entire or lobed leaves. Flowers in terminal heads, spikes or special interest to the forester, Plumbago rosea, Zeylanica Europea, and other species act as a vesicatory ; the roots of Statice Caroliniana Is one of the most powerful astringents. Only 3 species are known to me from Burma, | AGIALITIS, R. Br. Ovary 1-celled ; small, capitate. Fruit narrow, elongate and exserted, 1-seeded. cotyledons enclosing a linear-conical plumule.—Pygmzan trees oF rather simple-stemmed :shrubs, with long-petioled broad leaves. entire, coriaceous, thinly parallel-nerved ; flowers small , pale yellow Aigialitis.) PLUMBAGINER. 97 long as the 3-84 lin, long, 5-ribhed calyx, forming axillary and terminal panicled racemes ; corolla somewhat longer than the calyx, the lobes narrow ; fruit linear, incurved, 5-angular, 14 in, long, with a thinly coriaceous glossy pericarp; seed of the shape of the fruit. Has.—Frequent in the littoral, especially the tidal, forests all along the shores from Chitt gong and Arracan down to Tenasserim and the Andamans, — Fl. Fr. C.8.—1.—88,—=Sal. : UYRSINER. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, polygamous or dioecious. Calyx 5- or rarely 4- or 6-lobed or -toothed, free or rarely adnate ‘to the ovary, the lobes contorted or very rarely valvate in bud. Corolla with as many staminodes ; filaments usually very short, free or rarely connate; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening by longitudinal slits, or rarely on the summit, sometimes chambered. Ovary free or adnate _to the calyx, 1-celled, the cells with several (usually ovoid or almost fleshy, or rarely none. Embryo filiform, usually curved, the radicle longer than the semi-convex cotyledons.—Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs, sometimes scandent, the soft parts often marked with resinous dots, with alternate simple leaves, Stipules none. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, racemes or panicles, or rarely in terminal panicles, ll the Burmese species of this order are woody, but none of them are of any special interest or importance to the forester, neither do any of the species possess medicinal properties worth mentioning. * Stamens 5; anthers usually not transversely chambered ; Fruit an indehiscent berry or drupe ; seeds with albumen. fruit inferior or nearly so; corolla bell- shaped or nearly so. ‘ fo eke e 5 MOR, d drupe superior. + Corolla consisting of 5 or 4 free petals; climbers , Embelia, ++ Corolla gamopetalous.—Usually erect trees or shrubs. Ovules few OAPs Sg age he ie persis ets + « « Myrsine. Ovules numerous ae a ice as Sn ace) VOL, II, G 98 MYRSINEE, [ Mesa. %* *& Stamens 5; anther-cells transversely chambered ; fruit a dry cylindrical follicle-like curved drupe, rupturing irregularly ; seeds elongate, geminating already on the tree; albumen none . F : . 3 : . Aigiceras. MASA, Forsk) Calyx adnate to the ovary, 5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Corolla almost bell-shaped, 5-cleft, the lobes blunt, with inflexed tips. Stamens 5, free ; anthers cordate, shorter than the filiform filaments. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 1-celled, with several ovules attached to the basilar placenta; style short, with a capitate or capitately 3-5-lobed stigma. Berry small, crowned by the calyx-limb, several- seeded.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate pellucid-dotted leaves. Flowers small or minute, 2-bracteoled, in simple or compound, rarely terminal racemes. Bracts usually very small. * All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous. X Racemes very short (hardly as long as the petiole) ; leaves inconspicuously and remotely callose-toothed ; b ts mit wa . E F : . M, verrucosa. > X Racemes panicled, very much longer than the petioles. © Leaves entire; compound racemes shorter than the leaves . . . . ° . e . ms M. ramentacea. OO Leaves coarsely serrate. Compound racemes shorter than the leaves ; calyx only } lin. long M. Indica. Compound racemes very slender, as long or longer than the leaves ; calyx nearly a line long ee eeomeey . <54 % % Inflorescence, and also the softer parts and leaves, pubes- cent or otherwise hairy ; leaves sinuately toothed. M, paniculata. b manu ° . : ° ‘ ‘ * < Leaves glabrous, except the sparingly hairy rib beneath ; flowers in moss-like densely rusty-hairy panicles much longer than the petioles; bracts about as long as the pedicels , ‘ = . WM. muscosa. * All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous. 1. M. verrucosa, Scheff.—An evergreen small tree, all parts glabrous, the branchlets verrucose; leaves from elliptically lanceo- late to ovate-oblong, on a slender petiole 6-8 lin. long, somewhat tapering at the base, 3-5 in. long, acuminate, obsoletely repand and the thin lateral nerves excurrent into minute tooth-like callo- sities, glabrous, thin-coriaceous, rather glossy ; flowers minute, oD 2 aline long, afterwards a line long, rather strong pedicels, forming FL Map 7 —— on upper mixed forests of South Andaman.— Mesa.) MYRSINER. 99 2. M. ramentacea, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (25—30 + (?)+ i—1}), all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets smooth ; bark about lin. long petiole, rounded or obtuse at the base, 4-7 in. long, acu- 1 i eous, smooth, glossy above; flowers der } to nearly a line long pedicels, leaves; bracts small, subulate, rusty-coloured ; calyx $a line long, glabrous, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, somewhat acute ; bractlets almost conform with the calyx-lobes, but smaller; corolla ge mustard-seed, white, smooth, succulent, containing a single, pretty hard, but thin, several-seeded nut. H48.—Common in the moister, upper mixed, and the moist evergreen forests, allover Burma from Chittagong, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans ; occurring also in poonzohs, and here ofter. in great number.—Fl. Jan.; Fr. March-Apr.—s.—SS.—Lat. p- Metam. SiS., ete. REMaRKs.—Wood pale brown or brown, rather heavy, close-grained, brittle. 3. M.Indica, DC.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 187, t. 18, £. 4; Brand. For. Fl. 288.—An evergreen small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, or large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves from lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, usually tapering at the one side into a 3-4 lin. long petiole, 3-6 in. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, glabrous, the nerves beneath strong and prominent ; flowers minute, white, on }-1 lin. long pedicels, forming compound, rarely simple, slender, glabrous racemes in the axils of the leaves and above the scars of the fallen ones ; bracts and bractlets minute, linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the pedicel ; calyx about 4 lin. long, glabrous, the lobes broadly Ovate, acute; corolla almost rotate, with a short tube, the lobes rounded ; ovary half-superior; berries the size of a pepper-kernel, globular, dry and smooth, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb and Containing a single nut of numerous an seeds. P Haz.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests along the eastern slopes of the egu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation; also Chittagong.—F, March,—s.—SS.—Metam. SiS,, etc. 4. M. paniculata, A. DC.—An evergreen shrub or climber (2), all parts Ben pislarci ; leaves oblong to elliptically oblong, on a in. long petiole, rounded or obtuse at the base, 3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, coarsely repand-toothed, thin pergamaceous, glab- Tous, the nerves beneath strong and prominent ; flowers white, small, on 1-2 lin, long pedicels, forming long, slender, glabrous, compound 100 MYRSINEZ. [ Mesa. racemes in the axils of the leaves and usually longer than them, arranged at the end of the branchlets into elongate slender panicles ; bracts and bractlets linear-subulate, shorter than the pedicels ; calyx nearly a line long, glabrous, the lobes ovate, blunt ; corolla bell- shaped, somewhat longer than the calyx-lobes, the lobes blunt; ovary half-inferior ; berries said to be ovoid, hardly a line long. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl, Dec. ubescent or otherwise haa 5. M. mollissima, Wall—An evergreen slender-branched or almost simple shrub, 4-6 ft. high, all softer parts softly pubescent from rusty-coloured (in a fresh state whitish) short hairs; leaves lanceolate and elliptically-lanceolate to broadly oblong, on a densely rusty-pubescent petiole 4-1 in. long, 6-8 in. long, shortly but finely acuminate, sinuate-toothed, thick membranous, above sparingly and * * Inflorescence, and usually also the softer parts and leaves, Pp eA rotundate, 4 of them spreading, the upper one bent inwards; ovary almost inferior, the style short and thickened with an indistinctly lobed stigma. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests along th tern sl £ the Pegu Yomah and of Martaban.—Fl. Mabeh-Aps-ou-c he celal SiS. : 6. M. m , Kz.—An evergreen shrub, the branches terete, smooth and glossy ; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, acute or acu- minate at the base, on a strong, sparingly puberulous petiole 4 to 1 in. long, 5-7 in. long, shortly acuminate, coarsely sinuate-toothed, thin-pergamaceous, glabrous, the midrib sparingly and minutely pubescent, the nerves excurrent into callose blunt teeth; flowers minute, on very short pubescent pedicels, in short racemes forming branched, mossy, densely and shortly rusty-hairy panicles in the axils of the leaves and 2 to 3 times as long as the petiole; bracts longer than the pedicels, about a line long, shortly rusty-hirsute, inear, acuminate ; calyx rusty-hirsute, nearly a line long, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla tubular-bell-shaped, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, the lobes short and rotundate; ovary almost inferior, style not exceeding the calyx-lobes. : Has.—Burma; no locality. Eimbetia.) 7 MYRSINER. 101 EMBELIA, Burm. Calyx more or less deeply 5-cleft or -parted, the lobes convolute in bud. Petals 5, distinct from the base, imbricate. Stamens 5 the filaments opposite to the petals and at the base adnate to them, filiform or thick ; anthers much shorter than, or as long as, the fila- ments, ovoid, the cells ovate, opening by a longitudinal slit and almost divided into 2 by a longitudinal nerve. Ovary usually minute, 1- celled, with 4 to 1 ovules attached to the minute or obsolete central placenta; style short, with a capitate and obscurely lobed stigma. Drupes globular, containing a 1-seeded thin-walled nut.—Scandent shrubs, with usually entire leaves. Flowers minute, often (by abor- tion of the pollen or the ovules) almost dioecious, in axillary racemes or terminal panicles. . 3 X Inflorescence terminal, or terminal and azillary; fila- _ ments short and thick; leaves glabrous; flowers 5- merous, Branchlets and inflorescence greyish or tawny-velvety or puberu- lous ; Woh terete pedicels! ch go) lade eit pURRibes. As former, but the velvety pubescence always greyish; flowers Sessile . : . g ‘ 3 fi = : : . E. sessiliflora, All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous ; pedicels 4-cornered Jloribunda. x X rescence axillary only; filaments longer than the anthers, slender and filiform; young shoots and leaves beneath more or less pubescent, at least along the midrib, rarely glabrous. O Flowers 5-merous.—Erect or scandent large shrubs. : + Leaves long-petioled. Leaves 3-5 in, long ; racemes elongate; pedicels short . . - £. robusta, ves 2-2) in. long; racemes short; pedicels very long and slender , E. vestita. Tt Leaves almost sessile, }-1 in. long, not pellucid- dotted ; racemes very short and almost umbel-like. EB. parviflora. OO Flowers 4-merous; leaves }-1 in. long, serra’ 3- thed at the apex, glabrous, conspicuously gland- - dotted beneath ; racemes very short and almost Wmibel-like i. See vi uy . E. myrtillus. apiculate, 14-3 in. long, entire, pergamaceous, glabrous, the ‘erves and veins numerous and thin ; flowers minute, white, on 1-14 lin. long puberulous pedicels, in slender velvety racemes, forming slender, greyish or tawny-velvety panicles in the axils of the upper eaves and at the end of the branchlets ; bracts subulate, minute and rdly } lin. long ; calyx puberulous, the lobes broadly 3-angular, short, acute 3 petals oblong, rather acute, thick, nearly a line long, 102 MYRSINER. [Winbelia. densely puberulous; drupes the size of a pepper-kernel, globular, black, succulent, crowned by the style, 1-seeded. Var. 1, Ribes proper ; leaves destitute of hollow glands; flowers in racemose panicles. . 2, glandulifera (2. glandulifera, Wight.) : leaves bearing many or fewer hollow glands along or near the midrib; flowers often in simple axillary racemes, and only at the end of the branchlets panicled. Has.—Var. 1: frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim ; also Chittagong. —Fr. March.—s.—SS.—=Metam. 2. EB. branchlets brown and smooth, the young shoots minutely puberu- .—Burma, probably Martaban. 3. E. floribunda, Wall—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all parts quite glabrous, the branchlets verrucose 3 leaves ellip- tically or oblong-lanceolate, on a thick, in a dried state angular petiole 3-4 lin. long, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3-4 in. long, long as the petals; the filaments thick, glabrous, about as long as the anthers; drupes almost globular or obovoid-globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, succulent, black when ripe, smooth, 1-seeded. Has.—Martaban, i i ft. Glevation =-FI. oO eats Manet ort e Bec 8.0 PARE 4. E. robusta, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. M: ; =o - Sylv. Madr. 137, t. 19, £. 2; Brand. For. Fi. 84. — Aip-mway-nway.— A leaf-shedding large Embetia.} MYRSINER. 103 Var. 1, Roxburghii: tomentum very short and velvety, occa- sionally very obsolete ; racemes usually solitary, slender, minutely puberulous, the pedicels usually about a line long, the bracts much — ; drupes larger, usually longitudinally striate in a dried State, Var. 2, villosa (Lb. villosa, Wall.) : tomentum dense, rusty- coloured, sometimes almost villous; racemes solitary or often by pairs or rarely 3, clustered, densel rusty-villous, either robust or slender, the pedicels usually only 4 a line long, strong, the bracts as lone or a little longer ; drupes smaller, also in a dried state smooth and terete, not striate. Haz.—Var, 2: very common in the upper mixed forests, especially the drier snes, all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—FL Aug.-Sept.; Fr. Jan.-Feb, 5. E, vestita, Roxb.—A shrub, 4-6 ft. high, much branched, the young shoots covered with a short rusty-colour nce ; 0 What & hick 2 flowers small, white, on slender 2 lin. needy kes Sing short, axillary, solitary or sometimes paired, minute ly rusty- Puberulous Seer iy: cat of the leaves ; calyx glabrous, the la pedi oot pepper-kernel, smooth, globular, on very long slender 104 MYRSINER. [ Emébelia. Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests along choungs of the Pegu Yomah.—s. 6. E, all ogee and densely rusty-tomentose ; leaves small, distichous, filiform filaments, exserted ; drup obular, the size of a very small pea, smooth or indistinctly longitudinally striate, bluish black, crowned by the style, 1-seeded, Has.—Burma, probably Ava hills, 7. E. myrti branchlets slender and rusty-pubescent ; leaves small, elliptical, on slender petioles a line long, serrately 3-toothed at the apex, $-$ in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, beneath covered with conspicuous (in a dried state hollow) glands, the nervature rather strong; flowers them; calyx glabrous, the lobes lanceolate, acute; petals linear- oblong, blunt, more than a line long ; stamens as long as the petals; filaments slender and much longer than the oblong anthers, Has,—Burma ; no locality given, MYRSINE, L. Flowers usually polygamously dioecious. Calyx 4- or 5-cleft ; corolla deeply 4- or 5-lobed, the lobes va i pes globular, containing a solitary by abortion 1-seeded crusta- ceous nut.—Small trees or shrubs, with coriaceous leaves. Flowers oe in sessile axillary umbels or clusters, Bracts minute, de- ciduous, / Myrsine.] MYRSINER. 105 Leaves serrate-toothed, the nerves prominent beneath; stigma 3- lobed, the lobes large and fringed . : ‘ 2 - I. semiserrata, Leaves entire, the nerves thin or almost invisible ; stigma simply capitate or obscurely 2-lobed ‘ - avenis, 1. M. semiserrata, Wall.; Brand. For. Fl. 285.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + (?) + 1—2), usually stunted, all parts quite glabrous; leaves more or less lanceolate, at the base more or less decurrent on the 3 to 4 lin. long petiole, acuminate, serrate-toothed, usually entire towards the base, 3-4 in. long, chartaceous or thin-coriaceous ves conspicuous; flowers greenish, small, on 1-13 lin. long glabrous pedicels, forming rather poor sessile umbellets or rather Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills, as on the ee ridges, at 6,000 to 7,200 ft. elevation.—Fl. Fr. March.—1.—$$,= etam. 2. M. avenis, DC. (I. capitellata, Wall.; Bedd. Syly. Madr., t. 234; Brand. For. Fl. 28 2), usually stunted, all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to almost bluntis acuminate, entire, coriaceous or ¢ ick-pergamaceous, vari- ble ; flowers small, 5-merous, greenish, dioecious or polygamous, sessile or on short. pedicels, forming dense sessile heads or clusters in the axils of the leaves and especially above the scars of the fallen ones ; bracts ovate, concave, coriaceous 3 calyx urceolate, the lobes ovate, acute; corolla-lobes about a line long, lanceolate, re- curved, cov with numerous minute brown glands; stigma slightly capitate and lobed; stamens shorter 3 drupes globular, the Size of a pepper-kernel, in a dried state longitudinally striate, crowned by the style, when fully ripe bluish black, 1-seeded. Hap.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of Martaban, at 4,000 to 7,000 ft, elevation; variety of it (M. lucida, Wall.) not unfrequent in the Eng forests of the Prome district at no elevation; also Ava.—F1. pr.-May; Fr. March.— L—S8.=Metam.; the var, CaS. Lat. 106 MYRSINER. — [Ardisia. ARDISIA, Sw. Calyx 5-parted or rarely 5-cleft, the lobes convolute-imbricate. Corolla 5-parted or rarely 5-cleft, the lobes spreading or reflexed, contorted-imbricate or very rarely valvate in bud. Stamens 5, in- serted in the corolla-tube or to its base ; filaments free, usually very short ; anthers free, erect, 2-cleft or emarginate at the base, the cells not chambered, opening in longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with many peltate ovules on a central spherical placenta; style filiform, with a subulate stigma. Drupe globular, more or less succulent, containing a coriaceous by abortion 1-seeded nut.— Shrubs, sometimes trees or undershrubs, with alternate often dotted leaves. Flowers rather small, but showy, usually waxy, forming mostly short umbel-like racemes axillary or rarely terminal, or in terminal panicles. % Flowers in terminal compound panicles or the panicles terminal with smaller ones in the axils of the upper leaves. X Pedicels much shorter than the calyx, or the flowers almost sessile; leaves entire, Panicle stiff and strong, minutely rusty-puberulous ; calyx-lobes acute , ; " i ‘ ‘ : 3 ‘ > . A, rigida. X X Pedicels longer than the calyx, O Pedicels only 1-2 lin. long. + Leaves entire. Leaves coriaceous, decurrent on the strong petiole, the nerves in acute angles ; panicles glabrous or nearly so, ample ; peduncles an, re i ; ® * ‘ SSeS ; . A. paniculata. Leaves almost chartaceous, not deeurrent, the nerves almost ree- ly diverging, numerous ; panicles slightly puberulous ; peduncles compressed . . LE : . : ‘ Leaves chartaceous ; panicles rusty-puberulous ; calyx-lobes lance- olate eo. . Abies . A. neriifolia, A. anceps. ++ Leaves serrulate, Habit as former ; calyx-lobes linear . F i ‘ . A, serrulata, OO Pedicels 4-1 in. long; panicles terminal, consist- ing of a few slender umbel-like racemes, Exactly as A. attenuata ; leaves much dotted é 3 . : %* * Flowers racemose, the racemes more or less umbel-like contracted, peduncled or sessile, axillary or spuriously ve Sass % @, arising from the summit of an azillary shoot. X Leaves entire, O Calyx-lobes broad, rounded or blunt, _ T Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-5 in. long, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate ; corolla lobes} A, attenuata. t an inch Jone. - } Ao A, Andamanica, Leaves 5-10 in. long, obovate-lanceolate pedicels lo: : pages h l aes ’ s ate ; els $ an in. lon . A, polycephala. Leaves 5-7 in. tong, oblong-lanceolate ; pedicels about an in, lex «A. pa Breage s umilis. Ardisia.] MYRSINER. 107 Racemes almost terminal, umbel-like, puberulous - + «+ A. grandifolia, Nearly glabrous; leaves thin-chartaceous ; flowers minute, in very small rusty-velvety cyme-like racemes of the length of the iole . f pk en ene ° . ae t » A. eugeniafolia, xX X Leaves more or less serrate or crenate (at least apex). © Inflorescence long-peduncled, obes bluntish. Glabrous or the young shoots and slender-bracted racemes puberu- lo eaves acute ° . . : ° . - A, Wallichii. Glabrous ; leaves blunt ; racemes umbel-like, puberulous or glabrous, omewhat shorter than the leaves , - ‘ : : - A. Brandisiana. -lobes acute, Rusty-tomentose or pubescent ; leaves acuminate . . : « A. Helferi, nflorescence sessile, or at least the prim ra- mes sessile and the lateral ones only peduncled. Inflorescence and leaves glabrous ; calyx-lobes a line long . - A. crispa. Leaves beneath and inflorescence brownish ; calyx-lobes 23 lin. long . : é : . ° . ° . - A, villosa, * Flowers in terminal compound panicles or the panicles accom- panied by smaller ones in the axils of the upper leaves. 1. A. rigida, Kz.—An evergreen shrub(?), the young shoots probably indistinctly rusty-lepidote ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, taper- ing in a strong petiole, 4-6 lin. long, shortly and bluntish acumi- hate, pergamaceous, entire, 6-9 in. long, glabrous, dotted, the nerves rather parallel and prominent beneath ; flowers small, on } to nearly 3 lin. long, thick, minutely rusty-puberulous nodding pedi- Haz.—Tenasserim or Andamans. ®. A. paniculata, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 138.—An ever. Steen large shrub or small tree, all parts quite glabrous; leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, obovate-cuneate to lanceolate- cuneate, tapering and decurrent on the short strong petiole, acute wnes ; calyx-lobes ovate, rather acute, glabrous; corolla rotate, the lobes more than 2 lin. long, ovate, acute; drupes globular, A. anceps, Wall.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + (?)4+4—1), 3. the branchlets all compressed and covered by an indistinct silvery- 108 MYRSINER, [ Ardisia. lepidote indumentum ; leaves elliptically lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering in an }-1 in. long petiole, longer or shorter acuminate, entire, 5-9 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves rather parallel and diverging ; flowers pink, rather small, on a line long glabrous or indistinctly rusty-downy pedicels, more or less um- bellulate on short peduncles, forming a compound, rather lax, mi- nutely and indistinctly lepidote or rusty-puberulous panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx indistinctly puberulous or glabrous, the lobes about 14 lin. long, lanceolate, acute or nearly so, glandu- lar-dotted ; corolla rotate, the lobes ovate, acute, dotted ; drupes globular, the size of a small pea, smooth, sea-green, when fully ripe white, 1-seeded. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation. —Fr. Feb.-May.—s.—SS,= branches greyish brown; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a rather slender petiole 3-5 lin, long, rather shortly and often rather abruptly but bluntish or almost notchedly . acuminate, 2-5 in. long, entire and somewhat waved, membranous of the upper leaves and collected in a terminal panicle ; calyx glab- rous or nearly so, the lobes lanceolate, acute, about 4 a line long ; corolla rotate, the lobes 1-1} lin. long, ovate, acuminate, Has.—Burma. 5. A. serrulata, Kz.—An evergreen shrub, the young shoots covered with t s lanceolate or elliptically lanceolate, the base tapering in a 5-8 lin. long petiole, : forming ample, rusty-puberulous, bracted panicles at the end of the ekntiiss ‘iat in the sxils ‘of the upper leaves ; bracts leafy, linear-lanceolate, 3-6 lin. long, rusty- pete beneath ; bractlets smaller, linear ; ealyx rusty-puberulous, i; the lobes ovate, state: about 2 lin, long. - Has.—Burma. 6. A. Andamanica, Kz—An evergreen small shrub, 2-4 ft. Ardisia.| | MYRSINER, 109 Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fl. June.—s,—SS.—=SiS, Metam. 7. A. oblonga, DC.—An evergreen low shrub, 1-3 ft, high, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, on a strong petiole 4-6 lin, long, bluntish acuminate with an obsolete tr, chartaceous, with numerous convex dots on both sides, entire, ong, ovate, acute ; drupes globular y striate in a dried state, purplish black, 1-seeded HaB.—Not unfre vent in the tropical forests of Martab dT im ; also in the Andamans. F' Ee : Soe arch, 388 eee neerimn lin 8. A. attenuata, Wall.—*« Leaves large, n. broad, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both 45-6 lin, long petiole, especially along the margins dotted, mem- the “te Tacemes glabrous, axillary, few-flowered, half as lone as v > es; fruiti les 8-4 in. ch long ; oe peduncles 3-4 in. long, naked, the pedicels an acute, aln i A, Polycephala, Wall.—An evergreen shrub ; leaves obovate. hans > Stadually tapering in a 4-5 lin. long petiole, acute or ~Y acuminate, almost entire, 5-10 in, long, 14-3 in, broad, rather 110 MYRSINER. [Ardisia. pergamaceous, glabrous, blackish-dotted beneath, the lateral nerves rather prominent ; peduncles at the summit of the branches, numer- ous, many-flowered, half as long asthe leaves or shorter, compressed, glabrous; pedicels } an im. long, recurved after flowering, copious, alternate, forming an ovoid raceme; calyx-lobes ovate- rotundate, nearly ciliate; corolla-lobes acute, five times longer than the calyx; drupes about 2 lin. long, striate ina dried state— (DC. Prod., in part.) Var. (?) 2, acuminata ; leaves acuminate the nerves strong and anastomosing within the margins of thd hesived: Haz.—Upper Tenasserim ; var. 2 : common in the tropical forests along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban.—Fl. May.—s. 10. A, arborescens, Wall.— len pone aaper roy or tomentose ; drupes turbinate, ribbed . Ml a Glabrous ; drupes turbinate, sewralbare ribbed; spikes glabrous . S. sp Glabrous '3 drupes ovoid-turbinate, terete ; spikes glabrous. ag pl riauia Oo Flowers pedicelled, in simple or compound roar 33 n 2 or more series. brous; drupes ovoid-turbinate, tere ~) racemes compound, minutely appressed: pubescent robus . S. pedicellata.. Glabrous ;. lea caudate eonagant “arapes “ovoid- turbinate, taco Geapie ‘ies der r, pubesce: . 8. caudata. O00 Flowers white, edivelled, in rac mes: or poor panicles. Stamens collected ind ndles. S$ appressed-pubescent, formin der panicles at. the end f the young pihesent branchlets pace long, filiform . S. crategoides, Mirren short, s shortly tomentose ; pedice els very short and thick . 8. lewcantha. * ory = 3 drupes. oblong or elliptical, 3-celled ; embryo all.—An evergreen small stunted tree, all 1.8. “ parts) quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to elliptically lanceolate, on a ng petiole, 3-4 in. long, shortly acuminate, almost entire;, or more or less serrulate, coriaceous, shining’ above, glabrous, laxly- 144 STYRACER. [ Symplocos. veined and minutely net-veined between the nerves; flowers small, but much larger than in S. spicata, yellow, sessile, forming short, puberulous, compound spikes in the axils of the leaves; bracts and bractlets 3 under each flower, ovate, ciliate, somewhat acute, calyx- like ; calyx glabrous, 5-lobed, the lobes rather short, rotundate, blunt, minutely ciliate; petals nearly 1} lin. long, oblong, almost blunt ; stamens numerous, in several rows, free to the base; ovary glabrous, 3-celled ; drupes elliptical, about 5-6 lin. long, terete, smooth, containing a hard, bony, 3-celled nut ; embryo straight. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of Martaban, at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.— Fl. March.—1.—85.—Metam. 2. S. racemosa, Roxb. Brand. For. Fl. 300.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + (?)+1—14), the young shoots more or less pubescent; leaves oblong and obovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering in a 3-4 lin. long, strong, often pubescent petiole, 3-6 in. long, bluntish acuminate or apiculate, more or less serrulate, coriaceous, glabrous ‘ or appressed-pubescent on the midrib beneath, in drying turning yellowish, the nerves strong, the veination lax; flowers small, yellowish, on short, strong, villous pedicels forming a simple or branched villous-tomentose strong raceme in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them; bract at the base of the pedicel ovate to obovate, about a line long, villous-pubescent, the 2 bractlets much smaller; calyx glabrous, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes about a line long, ovate, acute or nearly blunt; petals nearly 3 lin. long, rotate, ova blunt ; stamens nearly as long as the petals, unequal, numerous, filaments filiform, inserted at the base; ovary 3-celled ; drapes elliptically oblong, about 4-5 lin. long, crowned by the calyx-limb, glabrous, terete or very slightly 3-lobed, 3-celled, and 3- or by abor- tion 2-1-seeded, when fully ripe bluish-black ; embryo straight. Has.—Frequent in the open and dry forests, from Prome and M Us down to Pegu and Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation ; also Andamans.—Fl- Jan.-Feb.—l.—8S.—=Metam. Lat. Argyll. é RemarKs.—Wood yellowish, strong and compact. Used for furniture. : Bark yields a red dye. = 3. S. leiostachya, Kz.—An evergreen tree or shrub branchlets sprinkled with a few dark-coloured stiff hairs, the leaf- buds glabrous ; leaves elliptically lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 0? a sparingly hairy petiole 3-4 lin. long, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, repay” serrate, almost chartaceous, shining above, beneath on the strong midrib and nerves sparingly appressed-pubescent, remaining gees or drying brownish, the veination thin and inconspicuous ; flowers — small, on slender 1-1} lin. long glabrous pedicels, forming Lise ous slender, glabrous, simple racemes at the end of the branches F solitary in the axils of the leaves and somewhat shorter than thems Symplocos.] STYRACER. 145 bracts about a line long, lanceolate, acute, quite glabrous ; bractlets almost conform, but minute ; calyx smooth, the lobes ovate, blunt, about % lin. long; corolla rotate, the lobes ovate-oblong, blunt, about 1} lin. long; stamens numerous, unequal, inserted at the base of the very short tube ; berries ovoid-oblong, terete, smooth, 4 lin. long, crowned by the rather conspicuous calyx-limb. 4. §. sulcata, Kz.—An evergreen small often stunted tree, 15-25 ft. high, the young shoots covered with a rusty-coloured or tawny appressed pubescence ; leaves lanceolate to elliptically lanceo- late, acute at the base, on a strong petiole 3-4 lin. long, acuminate, more or less crenate-serrulate or entire, thick chartaceous, 5-7 in. long, more or less glossy above, and when old also beneath, glabrous, the nerves strong, the net-veination conspicuous and not very lax ; flowers small, yellow, almost sessile, in short, simple, rusty-tomentose axillary racemes ; bracts and bractlets almost equal, obovate-lanceo- late, acute, appressed-pubescent, nearly a line long ; calyx densely appressed-pubescent, the lobes about a line long, ovate-lanceolate, rather blunt; petals 2 lin. long, ovate-oblong, blunt; stamens humerous, unequal, inserted at the base ; drupes elliptically oblong, on $ lin. long tomentose peduncles, about 4-5 lin. long, suleate, almost glabrous, when fully ripe bluish black, crowned by the calyx-limb, containing a sulcate, hard, bony, 3-celled nut ; embryo straight. van J. glabrior: leaves more coriaceous, quite glabrous, shining above ; drupes larger and glabrous. Var. 2, pubescens: leaves narrower and longer acuminate, less glossy or iGewet opaque, pubescent on the-midrib beneath; the young shoots rusty villous-tomentose ; drupes (unripe) pubescent. HaB.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of Martaban, at 3,000 to 6,000 ft. oe 7 Be 2: Upper Tenasserim, at 4,000 ft. elevation..—Fr. March.—L— ie 7. * * Ovary 2- rarely 3-celled ; drupes ovoid, contracted at the apex, or turbinate, usually 1-seeded ; embryo curved. faint ; flowers white, sessile, rather small, forming shorter or longer robust, densely tawny- or rusty-villous tomentose, branched VOL. It. K 146 STYRACER. [Symplocos. Has.—Tenasserim. 6. S. spicata, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 149; Brand. For. Fl. 00.—An evergreen middling-sized tree, all parts quite glabrous; leaves from lanceolate to oblong and almost obovate-lanceolate, tapering in a 4-6 lin. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, acuminate, erenate- toothed or almost entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, ma dried state more or less yellowish, the veination between the nerves — conspicuous, but thin and lax; flowers yellowish, small, almost sessile, forming more or less branched glabrous spikes in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; bract and bractlets rotundate, concave and ciliate, calyx-like; calyx glabrous, 5-parted, the lobes broadly oblong, blunt, smooth, about 4 a line long; petals oblong, nearly a line long ; stamens numerous, long-exserted, in apparenu, a single row and free to the base ; ovary 3-celled, glabrous ; drupes the size of a pea, turbinate, torulose-ribbed, olive-coloured, contall- ing > conformly-shaped thick and hard l-seeded nut; embryo curved. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently frequent.— Fl. Aug. b very short and broad, rounded ; petals about a line long, blant numerous, unequal, the filaments free to their ‘insertion ovary glabrous, 2-celled (?) ; drupes ovoid-turbinate, terete, the sit of a small pea, smooth, crowned by the broad calyx-limb, = mg a pergamaceous, thin, 1-seeded nut. . Symplocos.] STYRACER. 147 Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier hill forests of Martaban and Tenasserim, at 4,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation.—FI. Feb.-Aug.—].—SS8,—Metam. 8. S. pedicellata, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 10—15 +3 —4), the young shoots very slender and sparing] appressed. silk- hairy; bark about 2 lin. thick, brownish grey, ohaotetly fissured ; cut greenish; leaves elliptically lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering m a slender, glabrous petiole 4-5 lin. long, 4-5 in. long, almost terete and smooth, crowned by the calyx-limb, containing a per- gamaceous 1-seeded nut; calyx-lobes in fruit broadly ovate, blunt, about $ lin. long, glabrous. © Hap.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo.— Fr. Apr.—s.—S8.—Metam. _ ReMarxs.— Wood very pale brown, rather light, close-grained, soft. 9. S. caudata, Wall.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous or * nearly so; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, on a 3-4 lin. long HaB.—Upper Tenasserim ; Chittagong.—Fr. Apr. 10. S. crate cides, D. Don.; Brand. For. Fl. 299.— An evergreen (?) small stunted tree, the oung shoots more or less ‘Ppressed-pubescent ; leaves obovate-ob ong to oblong, on a 2-3 lin. long, thin, sparingly hairy petiole, obtuse at the base, 1-24 in. long, shortly acuminate or acute, rather sharply serrulate, charta- “ous, glabrous (or the midrib beneath pubescent), turning yellowish in drying, rather opaque, the nerves and the lax veination in adult 148 STYRACER. [ Symplocos. leaves rather conspicuous and strong ; flowers rather small, yellow- ish, then white, fragrant, on 1-2 lin. long pedicels, forming short appressed-pubescent racemes in the axils of the younger leaves and towards the end of the young branchlets, usually collected into terminal leafy or leafless panicles; bracts and bractlets linear, very deciduous ; calyx glabrous or nearly so, the limb broad, deeply 5- lobed, the lobes broadly oblong, blunt, ciliate, 4 a lin. long ; corolla rotate, the lobes oblong, blunt, nearly 2 lin. long ; stamens numer- ous, collected in 5 bundles adnate to the base of the very short corolla-tube ; drupes the size of a pepper-kernel, obliquely ovoid, containing a thin, 2-celled, but only 1-seeded nut ; embryo curved. Has.—Martaban hills east of Tounghoo. 11. §. leucantha, Kz.— 7ha-/e.—An evergreen tree (20—25+ (?) +—1), all parts glabrous; leaves oblong- to elliptically-lanceolate, a little unequal at the base, on a slender 2-3 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long, shortly and bluntish acuminate, crenulate-toothed, chartaceous, abrous ; flowers white, fragrant, jointed on the very short (hardly 4 lin. long), thick, greyish tomentose pedicels, forming short tomen- tose racemes in the axils of the leaves; bracts ovate, pubescent out- _ side, deciduous; calyx quite glabrous, or the ovate blunt ciliolate about 2 lin. long lobes a little pubescent outside ; petals obovate- oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes ; stamens glabrous, unequal, in undles, each inserted at the base of the corolla-lobes ; ovaty and the long style sparingly hairy. Has.—Frequent in the swamp forests of the I ddi plai Fl. Jan.—3.-— All, % Ss JASMINE. Fruit succulent or capsular, entire or 2-lobed, 2-celled or reduced 0 a single cell and seed. Seeds with or without albumen. Embry? straight.—Trees or shrubs, often climbitig, very rarely herbs, = : : enone or very rarely alternate, simple, or pinnate leaves. Flow Jasminum. | JASMINER, 149 About 24 species of this family grow in Burma, most of which are climbers. The timber of several species is durable and close- several species of Frarinus. The corollas of Nyctanthes are used as an orange dye. Many of the Jasminee scent the air, especially during night, with their delicious perfume. _ Stamens 2 only. O Corolla-limb 5-12-lobed, usually twisted-imbricate in bud. es erect, X Fruit a fleshy 1- or 2-lobed drupe, Corolla twisted in bud ; albumen none; usually climbers . . Jasminum. m rect trees : : - Wyctanthes, rolla 4-lobed, rarely 6-8-cleft or wanting, with or es pendulous, X Fruit a dry 2- valved capsule; corolla-lobes twisted in ud, Ovary 2-celled, the cells 4-ovuled ; seeds winged; albumen none; trees, with usually pinnate leaves . . ‘ See - Schrebera. Fruit a drupe or berry ; corolla valvate or nearly t Ovules solitary ; ovary 2-celled; a climber, with sharply 4-cornered stems . : . : + Myxopyrum. tt Ovules 2 in each cell 3 Ovary 2-celled; erect trees r shrubs. ma ae Oe hae + «+ « Chionanthus, Seeds albuminous; flowers in axillary or terminal panicles . . Olea, * Stamens 4, alternating with the 4 petals. Corolla without tube; ovules erect; climber. . . - Azima. JASMINUM, L. Corolla-tube cylindrical, the limb spreading, 5-8-lobed, imbri- cate-twisted in bud. Stamens 2, included. Ovary entire or ‘tminal or in the notch, very shortly 2-lobed. Berry almost to the 2-lobed or one of the lobes abortive, Seeds usually solitary im each lobe, erect. Albumen none. Cotyledons thick and fleshy, cely prominent.—Shrubs, usually climbing, with opposite *r rarely alternate leaves either 1-foliolate or pinnately 3-foliolate r pinnate. Flowers in axillary or terminal trichotomous panicles * rarely almost solitary or clustered. Bracts often very small, tarely large and often discoloured. — * Teaves pinnate or pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely the one or re 8 ss le oy D, gemma * & Leaves 1-foliolate, with a jointed petiole. ache santos Anh bulate, abont 3-4 3 J ’ 150: JASMINER. [Jasminum X Braets minnie or very short and filiform, rarely wanting altoget. Calyslabes short or the calyx almost truncate. + Flowers in co = Glabrous ; pedicels 2-5 lin, 1 calyx 5-cornered, almost truncate J. extenswm. Pubescent; flowers sessile ; calyx-teeth as pee ¥ as ae Pear erecig J, decussatume tT oy se * sedi ary racem ls 3-1 in, calyx-teeth distinct. Coral lobes blunt, glabrous Nerves conspicuous on both sides, ined with a ang in the axils; corolla-lobes usually 8, rarely 5-7 ae a Nerves thin and pero: without glandes corolla-lobes usually 5. J. wtimnene rolla-lo — Glabrous; leaves more or narrow, "very long acuminate ; corolla-lobes 9-1 . J laurifolium. Bis labs longer’ a ‘the calyx-tube, ‘subulate. — ao almost erect; branchle Perm leaves penni- P 0 . J. sambae. Twining, pone: leaves 3- ae erve ed aaah anastomosanss X X Bracts leafy» conspicuous, shorter or “longer than the ca + Bracts 18 longer than the calyx, leafy, white, discoloured. rT pubescent, especially the branchlets; corolla-tube ut 4in.longorlonger . . J. Rottlerianum. Gabo when adult, with a a of = in the nerve-axils eneath; ¢ corolla-tube abow , coarctatum. Bracts shorter ‘han the “calyx calyx-lobes ‘subu- 3 pedicels 1-2 lin. Ss = — a — ‘and ane lobes each 6-9, the latter ong, pu ent . Corolla funnel-shaped, with a longer or shorter tube. Panicles all terminal, glabrous or pubescent . « O. robusta, 1. 0. dentata, Wall.—An evergreen tree (40—60+4 (?) +38—4), all parts glabrous or the young shoots puberulous; bark rough, brownish grey, about 4 in. thick; cut brownish; leaves elliptically oblong to oblong and lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a 3-4 lin. long petiole usually red-coloured, 8-6 in. long, long but blunt- ish acuminate, more or less serrate-toothed to almost entire, rigidly coriaceous, smooth and glossy, the nerves and veins impressed beneath ; flowers small, yellowish white, both sexes with corolla, dioecious, the males on short but slender puberulous pedicels form- ing branched, puberulous, cymose panicles, the females sessile or nearly so, by 3 or more, forming a brachiate, poor, puberulous panicle in the axils of the leaves; bractlets minute ; petals about a line long ; drupes ovoid, the size of a small pea, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests and the hill Eng forests of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim, at 2,000 to 3,000 ft. elevation; also in the tropical forests above Rangoon.—Fl. June-Jan.; Fr. Apr.-May.—l.—SS.—= Pp. Remarxs.—Wood white or pale brown, turning dark brown, very heavy, rather coarse-fibrous, but close-grained. 2. 0. dioica, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 153.—A pretty large tree with ash-coloured bark, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a 8 to 4 lin. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly acuminate, remotely and sharply ernifl +3—4), all parts quite glabrous ; bark about } in. thick, dark grey, roughish and finely-cracked; cut greenish brown ; leaves oblong petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly and bluntish acuminate, entire, coria- Ceous, glaucous-green, glabrous, the nerves beneath tolerably dis- tinct without distinct veins between them ; flowers small, white, . 158 JASMINES. [ Olea, rotundate ; petals linear-subulate, about “te 9 long; drupes ovoid- oblong, nearly 4 4 in. long, sm ooth, bluish b Has.—Frequent in the tropical — moister upper oe forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim; also Chittagong.—Fl. Dec.-Jan. ; an.—s.—SS.—Metam. Si ReMARKS.—Wood pale oes rather heavy, close-grained, of an unequal fibre, but soft. 0. robusta, Kz. (Ligustrum robustum, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylvy. Madr. 153; Brand. For. Fl. 310).—An_ evergreen large tree, all glabrous or the young shoots pubescent; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the base, on a slender 2-3 lin. long petiole, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, chartaceous, entire, glabrous; flowers minute, white, on short but slender pedicels, forming a ter- minal often ver ample tawny-puberulous or almost tomentose pole; ealyx obscurely 4-toothed, persistent; corolla funnel- shaped ; drupes elliptically oblong, somewhat curved, 3-4 lin. long, 5 ae bluish black. Var. 2, pubescens (Legustrum Telager wee panicles more villous ; leaves pubescent on the midrib ben Has.—Hills of Chitt and P Tenasserim.— - July. hee Fe hee agong egu; var. 2: Ait e} Upper Remarxs.— Wood vay durable: CHIONANTHUS, L. Calyx short, 4-parted. Corolla-tube very short, the limb 4-parted, 8 lobes quite distinct or slightly connected at the base. Stamens 2, mserted in the tube of the corolla and included ; filaments very short. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with a pair of ovules sus- pended from the summit of the septum; style very short with @ notched stigma. Drupe more or less fleshy, enclosing a 1- ny putamen. Albumen none. Embryo with thick emer cotyledons, the radicle superior, very thick and short.— dee shrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers small, in wericley, very rarely reduced to sessile clusters. * Petals or corolla-lobes very narrow, involute, Glabrous ; nerves prominent beneath ; ae Zlin,long . eee: minutifloruse ** ceed or em ee: broader, flat or concave, but no O "Veins visible between the strong lateral nerves (leaves 3-6 in Panicles ample, leafy pate ot a res on the upper side : the eagel ; drupes 1-14 i in. long . Ch. Pa lenibantc need rat! ll, with snake bracts ; nerves romingnt on both sides ; drupes 4 in : . Ch. macrophylls OO No visible mies habiipen the nerves (leaves 6-10 in. Panicle ininutely puberulous; petals linear , Chionanthus. | JASMINE. 159 1. Ch. minutiflorus, Kz.—An evergreen tree (?), all parts glab- rous ; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, acuminate at the base, on a 3-4 lin, long strong petiole, 3-4 in. long, apiculate, entire, coria- ceous, glabrous, the lateral nerves curved and thin, impressed above, prominent beneath ; flowers minute, very shortly pedicelled, form- ing rather ample glabrous panicles arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves; bracts minute; calyx glabrous, the lobes broad, rounded or bluntish ; petals linear, hardly a line long, convolute and incurved. Has.—Martaban east of Tounghoo.—Fl. March. ; Has.—Not unfrequent in the coast forests of the Andamans,—Fl. May- une. 3. Ch. macrophyllus, Kz.—A small tree, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering in a 3-1 in. lo petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly acuminate, chartaceous, then thin-coria- ceous, entire, glossy above, glabrous, the lateral nerves prominent on both sides ; flowers small, white, on about a line long or shorter pedicels, usually by threes, forming a brachiate, slender, but short and lax panicle above the scars of the fallen leaves; petals a line long, blunt, concave ; drupes oblong, somewhat curved, about $ an in. long, smooth, bluish black. Haz.—Ava hills; in the tropical forests of Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. Jan. 4. Ch. montanus, Bl.—An evergreen small tree, all parts glab- rous ; leaves elongate obovate-oblong to obovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate and usually narrowed at the base, on a 3-1 in. long petiole, 6-9 in. long, shortly and abruptly acuminate, entire, coriaceous, very Spaque on both sides, the nerves prominent beneath without any Veination between them; flowers small, yellowish, sessile or nearly 80, forming peduncled, brachiate, minutely puberulous panicles in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones ; petals linear, 160 JASMINER. [ Chionanthus. about a line long; drupes nearly an inch long, oblong or elliptically oblong, glabrous, bluish black. Has.—Rather rare in the hill Eng forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo, at 1,500 to 2,500 ft. elevation; Upper Tenasserim.—l.—SS.—Metam. MYXOPYRUM, BI. Calyx urceolate, sharply 4-toothed. Corolla coriaceous, with a short tube, the limb 4-parted, valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers thick. Ovary 2-celled, the cells with a solitary erect ovule; stigmas 2, sessile, subulate. Drupes 1- or 2-celled, with a solitary globular or 2 hemispherical seeds, the pericarp fleshy. Albumen horny.—Scandent shrubs, with 4-cornered branches and opposite 3-nerved simple leaves. Flowers minute, in terminal or axillary panicles. 1. M, smilacifolium, Bl.— An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, acute, and often unequal at the base, on a thick 3-4 lin. long petiole, 4-6 m. long, shortly acuminate, remotely and minutely spinescent- thed or almost entire, coriaceous, glabrous, 3-plinerved or almost 5-nerved above the base, veined and more or less distinctly net- veined ; flowers minute, yellowish, very shortly pedicelled, forming a more or less ample, sessile or peduncled, obsoletely puberulous oF glabrous panicle at the end or in the fork of the branches ; corolla- lobes clavate-linear; drupes globular or didymous, the size of 4 large pea, 1-2-seeded, orange-yellow. Var. 2, ilicifolium: leaves somewhat narrower and stronger nerved and veined, strongly and approximately spinose-serrate ; sien short, rather contracted, axillary and leaf-opposite, rarely rminal, Hap.—Var. 1: in the forests of Chittagong; var. 2: rather frequent in the tropical forests of Martaban.—Fl. Apr. May a 1.—SS.=Metam. AZIMA, Lamk. 3 Flowers unisexual. Calyx ventricose-bell-shaped, 3- or 4-cleft. Corolla 4-petalled, the fins athahating with the pag hgh Sie | mens 4, inserted on the torus, alternating with the petals; filaments : thickened ; anthers almost sagittate, incumbent. Ovary free; ?- celled, the cells with a solitary erect ovule ; style short, with an acute stigma. Fruit berry-like, 1- or 2-seeded. Albumen nome — Embryo small, with large, flat, orbicular cotyledons.—Shrubs, wi) — more or less 4-cornered branches and opposite simple leaves, per o furnished with 2 stipulary spines at their insertion. Flowers smal) in axillary clusters or the clusters racemose, ce Azima.| JASMIER. 161 globular, the size of a small pea, on nearly a line long or longer peduncles, fleshy, smooth and glossy, flesh-coloured. Has.—Frequent in the dry forests and in shrubberies of Ava and Prome.— Fr. March.—l.—SS.—=Ca8. Ca. APOCYNEA. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx free, 5-parted, or the sepals distinct, imbricate in bud, bearing oceasionally small glands or scales inside at the base. Corolla-lobes 5, spreading, twisted- mbricate or rarely valvate in bud, the throat sometimes closed with 4 corona of scales, and often hairy. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube and alternating with the corolla-lobes; anthers erect, turned inwards, 2-celled, the cells opening in longitudinal slits, either free and included in the usually swollen part of the corolla-tube, or sometimes exserted and connate or connivent in a cone or ring round the style. Pollen not collected in masses, but the auricles at the e of the anthers or the tips occasionally without pollen. Ova 2-celled with axile placentas or more usually the 2 carpels distinct and with parietal placentas, the cells or carpels with few to numerous ovules in 2 or more rows attached to the placentas; styles 1 or 2, distinet at the base, but united upwards; stigma usually thickened, mitre-like, membranous or bulbous at the base, terminating in a short, entire or 2-cleft point. Fruit either a single drupe or berry, °r more frequently each or one of the carpels forms a follicle “pening along the inner edge, or a drupe or berry. Seeds pen- dulous or tarely ascending or peltately attached, usually albu- be: . out gland-like small interpetiolar stipules. Flowers usually cymose or ¢ymose-panicled, axillary or termiaal. Bracts usually very small, Tarely larger and coloured, deciduous; bractlets usually none. 1sonous principles prevail, and the ordeal nut (Thanginia © venenifera) stands foremost in this regard. The seeds of Cerbera 48, Thevetia and others, and the whole plant of the common er (Nerium oleander) are formidable poisons. For t VOL. It. L 162 APOCYNER. reason several of these are used as emetics, narcotics or cathartics. penne is produced from the pesoriers nut a nd the mux-vomiea root of Ophionylon serpentinum, etc. Reantehoe: or a substance similar to it, is supplied by several of the climbing members of this family, and that of Chavannesia esculenta “= Urceola elastica are said to be equal to the genuine one. Only a very few have eatable fruits, like Willughbeia edulis, Carissa carandas, and a few others. Wrightia tinctoria yields indigo of a fair quality. The timber, with a few exceptions, is indifferent and even valueless. the Burmese species (about 57) are woody plants. * Seeds naked, i. e. without a tuft of hairs at their extremities, Anthers free. x Sh pare with 2 — placentas. © Fruit a dehiscent capsu eer with scales, the ser, es included in the tube ; albu- ty; erect shrubs, with large flowers . Allamanda. ruit an \indehiseent crppe or berr Corolla-throat naked; seeds in pulp; albumen RE scandent W illughbera. x xX Ovary entire, 2-celled, with axile placentas, 0 or the iene or less distinct, each with a single oO ovary po 8 2- sane ras axile placentas. rolla valvate in Corolla-throat: ee r bea: a Re pate corticate or SePPy 5 3; seeds in pulp ; trees or scandent shrubs . Strychnos. ++ Coroll in bud. fT Corolla-throat furnished with 5 or 10 scales or appendages ‘ oe ay included Hypogynous disk fleshy ; os ogre 2-celled, not pulpy; trees or erect shrubs, wit “ig 8 e flowers . Thevetia. Nectary none; berry in pastels Fron 2. celled, the "seeds in pulp albumen fleshy ; scandent shrubs . Melodinus. C funnel-shaped, hairy within ; berry 3-1-seeded, sappy ; style short ; albumen fet shrubs o cya trees, napa Carissa. Apparently as proeding, but sai! lifer neetary none; shrubs, ipa aes Winchia. ee: Corolla el a toothed ; drupe oe sappy, i eendons come or tee rubs i . Rauwolfia. - OO Ova ary, copaidtie of 2. more or less distinet carpels, eac cen + Fruit-carpels ceous, indehiscent.— Trees. Sepals = reflexed ; drupes by ‘whovtaa prety singly, pes See Cer or gamosépalous, the lobes short, 3 dr usuall ired, fleshy-fibro erect upes y pai . Ochrosia. — rrr Fruit-carpels follicular, dehiseing ‘along the inner edge; corolla-throat naked. yinca t Seeds imbedded in pulp. - u . % contin ei several-seeded; albumen and earth none © pikes montand: erect shru oe Seeds without pulp. Bg eel APOCYNER. 163 § Albumen pres gees elongate, mo niliforncontraoted eee the seeds ; albu- n horny; shrubs, more or less scandent - Gymnopogon. Follicle iaisngets- linear, continuous, Pesos -seeded ; albumen fleshy erect shrubs or undershrubs . - Vinca Albumen none. Follicle pe peieely tru — ve seeded ; shrubs Pesaran: Follicle gate, acuminate, many-seeded ; fleshy tr or shrubs . - Plum * ag ds furnished at on pf or both ‘ends with a 1 tuft of long J ders anthers X Ovary entire, 2-celled; corolla-throat t without ‘scales. — comose at the hilum; albumen fleshy.—Scan Hypogynous PEA 3; “follicle woody ; flowers large and rt . Beaumontia, HyPogynous scales 5, free or asi filaments often sp rally ; follicle ieitheeys iat ie mall js » Parsonsia, Seed comose at the reresaa ndent shrubs, Nectary ie or 5-parfed; aia exserted ; albumen scanty. Vadlaris. Ovar consisting of 2 distine carpels. ars Co volta thi hroat naked, without ‘alee Seeds comose i inged all round. se a sien ary none or ere .— Trees. Seeds co pax albumen . Holarrhena, Seeds tinged al. sine the sedans more 80 at both extremilion » ; albumen anty « Alstonia. TN cctary annular, cupular, or " consisting = 5 ee or connate scales.—Scandent shrub: § Anther Ayia in the corolla- tube ; ete ll Wolhels Selita, not Se eeds a long neck. Corolla tubular, hardly imbricate ; seeds with a debe coma, the outer one o ery short, formed by the testa - Ureeola. a on - Epigynum. Corolla salver-shaped, t aA disk- lobes on the top of the C vary, distinct, thread -like, capitate see salver-shaped, twisted ; flollicle woody. coriaceous ; al- umen - Ichnocarpus, n scanty Aganosma. 6: salver- and i L-shaped, twisted ; follicle woody 5 ; albumen ansy 5 3 flowers la . Chonemorpha. tt Seeds at apex : narrowed i in a ‘long slen- eck. ollicle corinceon cymes axillary . : . ion a, Set SiSkciahiicas : — woedy-ooriaeon - Anodendron., Albumen scanty ; follicl pose in terminal panicles . a ll || Pole ‘monilform. > Calyx glandular inside ; follicle cori . Parameria. §§ An — penecrr > eadligs| ina ‘cone round —— Nectary of 5 glands ay same - Potisia, OO Corolla ecg aries a corona of scalés or fringes ; ; ry none. + Anthers exserted, united or cohering in a cone round relate longue ge caudate, by membranous lobes bordered each produced into 2 ers or esiceeai — “Aint usually scandent . Strophanthus. 164 — APOCYNER. [ Allamanda, Corona of corolla consisting of 5 or 10 erect scales either distinct or . united ; trees or erect shrubs . ‘ ¢ : if . Wrightia. Anthers included in the corolla-tube. Corolla-throat with 5 laciniate-toothed scales; seeds albuminous ; erect trees or shrubs. 2 : ; . : : . Nerium, ALLAMANDA, L. Calyx 5-parted, the segments lanceolate or oblong. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped with a shorter or longer tube, the lobes twisted in bud, the throat furnished with scales consisting of hairs which are 2-parted and opposite to the corolla-lobes, Anthers sagittate. Nectary fleshy, simple. Ovary conical, entire, 1-celled, with numet- ous campylotrop ovules along the two parietal placentas; stigma 2- obed. Capsule compressed-ellipsoid, echinate, opening in 2 valves bearing the septas along their borders. Seeds in two rows, come pressed and rotundate. Albumen scanty. Embryo with leaty cotyledons.— Shrubs or trees, with opposite or usually whorled entire leaves. Flowers large, yellow, in poor terminal corymbs. . A. cathartica, L.—An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves whorled or opposite, obovate- to oblong-lanceolate, i membranous, glossy above and often pubescent on the midrib ing a poor, terminal, short-peduncled, glabrous corymb ; corolla funnel- bell-shaped, the tube slender, up to an inch long, the m- Has.—Of American origin, often cultivated by B ns and sometimes half-wild in village shrubberies FT RS. gis a WILLUGHBEIA, Roxb. Cymes cluster-like. short-peduneled ; b ; > 3 berry ovate, smooth Clusters sessile or nearly so; berry globular, wrinkled Willughbeia.| APOCYNER. 165 veined ; flowers middling-sized, pale pink-coloured, shortly pedi celled, forming a short-peduncled axillary or terminal cluster ; long, 3-5 in. long, acuminate, entire, polished, glabrous, parallely Has..—Chittagong,—FI. Fr. nearly o, Remarxs.—Yields an inferior sort of caoutchouk. 2. W. Martabanica, Wall.—7kit-kyouk-nway.—An evergreen, large, scandent tendril-bearing shrub, all parts. glabrous; leaves elliptical to elliptically obovate, narrowed in a short petiole, 3-4 in. long, apiculate, entire, glabrous, chartaceous, glossy, with numerous parallel veins; flowers middling-sized, almost sessile, forming a sessile or almost sessile cluster in the axils of the leaves or at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes oblong, rounded, minutely ciliate ; corolla about 3 lin. long; berries globular, about 3 in. in diameter, wrinkled, yellowish, glabrous; seeds numerous, oval, imbedded in a yellowish-reddish pulp. Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr. STRYCHNOS, L. _ Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla tubular-salver- or almost funnel-shaped, very rarely the lobes free almost to the base, naked or bearded at the throat, the limb 5-parted and valvate in bud. Stamens 5, mserted at the throat; filaments very short; anthers almost exserted. Ovary 2-celled, the cells with several or numerous ovules ed, the rind often hard. Seeds more or less compressed, im- bedded in pulp.—Trees or shrubs, often scandent by means of hooked Woody tendrils, with opposite 3-5-nerved entire leaves. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes, clusters or panicles. Co. ak Scandent shrubs, with woody, hooked, 2-cleft tendrils. Corolla-tube 14 lin, long, beanie at the throat; berry oblong, j eon ed, witha membranousskin. . . . . «& laurina, ‘orolla Consisting of 5 free glabrous petals; berry globular, 1- (or : 2-¥) seeded, the skin coriaceous’. =. 3. 7. . 8. acuminata, ** Greet trees without tendrils, 166 APOCYNES, [Strychnos, © Corolla not villous at the throat, the tube long. Corymbs peduncled, terminal or on axillary shoots ; berries the size of an orange or smaller, several-seeded, the rind thick, corky . St. nua-vomica, Corolla villous at the throat. Panicles very short, axillary; corolla-tube about 2 lin, long; berries 1-seeded, the rind coriaceous. A ; . . S. potatorum, Panicles brachiate, large, terminal ; corolla-tube 4-5 lin. long . 8S. Wallichiana, 1. §. laurina, Wall.—An evergreen scandent shrub with woody 2-cleft tendrils, all parts glabrous; leaves from ovate-oblong to oblong- and elliptically-lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base and ring in a 3-4 lin. long petiole, 3-4 in. long, shortly acuminate, entire, rigidly chartaceous, glabrous, shining above, 3- or almost 5-plmerved above the base; flowers 5-merous, small, forming short, minutely puberulous, almost sessile panicles in the axils of the leaves or larger ones at the end of the branchlets; corolla-tube 14, ln. ong, upwards somewhat broader, the lobes about a line long, densely bearded at the base ; ovary villous; berries oval, about an inch long, with a membranous skin, containing a single large seed conform with the berry. Has.—Tenasserim, from Moulmein down to Mergui.—Fl. Aug. 2. §, acuminata, Wall—An evergreen, large, scandent. shrub, with tendrils, all parts glabrous or the very young shoots mi- nutely puberulous ; leaves broadly oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded at the base and tapering in a 2-3 lin. long petiole, 4-5 in. long, rather abruptly acuminate, entire, rigidly chartaceous, 5-plinerved, glabrous and glossy ; flowers small, greenish white, on nearly a line long puberulous pedicels, forming very short, puberulous, fascicle- like racemes arising by pairs or singly from the axils of the leaves; corolla consisting of 5 petals, free or only at the base slightly cohering, 2 lin. long, glabrous; berries globular, the size of a s cate 1- (or also 2-?) seeded, the skin thin-coriaceous, brown, smooth, HaB.—Not unfreq along 2 rocky sea-shores of South Andaman ; also ay.— uent Tenasserim.—Fl. Fr. Apr.-M Strychnos.] APOCYNER. 167 at the throat ; berries globular, with a hard thick rind, the size of a billiard-ball or smaller, orange-coloured to brown, smooth, man seeded; seeds about 4 in. long, somewhat compressed-oblong, 4B.—Common in the leaf-shedding forests, especially the upper mixed and low forests, all over Burma from Ava an artaban down to Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation.—F. Apr.-May ; Fr. C.S.—1,—S 2 Si : EMARKS.— Wood white or grey, close-grained and hard. 0'=52 pd. Used for ploughs, shares, cart-wheels, also for making cots and fancy cabinet work. The tree produces the poison nut or nux-vomica of commerce. 4. 8. potatorum, L. f.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 163; Brand. For, FL St7.—A leaf-shedding tree (25—30+10—12 4 3—4), all parts m purplish pulp, orbicular, slightly compressed, nearly } an in. in diameter, shortly silky-villous. Haz.—Not unfrequent in the open and dry forests of the Prome district.— Fr, Sept.-March.—].—_ $3, —CaS. Dil. RKs, ood greyish pale-brown, very heavy, close-grained, hard and durable, takes a beautiful "ha Good for ploughshares, wheels, ete. The Possess the quality of purifying muddy water. 5. §, Wallichiana, Steud.— An evergreen-tree (25—30+10—12 +13—23), all parts glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate and elliptically lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the base and narrowed ma 2-3 lin. long petiole, 23-42 in. long, acuminate or shortly pic Panicle at the end of the branchlets ; corolla tubular, with a very short 5-cleft limb, the tube about in. long, very slender and very pit? —Rare in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah. ~<+ Apr.—s.—S$, = gis, THEVETIA, L. alyx 5-parted , with or without glands at the base inside, the C — acute. Corolla funnel-shaped, the tube inside pilose and tnished with 5 prominent processes (excurrent nerves) at the 168 APOCYNER. [ Thevetia. 1. T. neriifolia, J uss.— Hpa-young-pan.—An evergreen treelet (15—20+ 6—10+ 1—13), all parts quite glabrous ; leaves linear to narrow-linear, acuminate at both ends, decurrent in a very short petiole or almost sessile, 2-3 in. long, entire, thin-coriaceous, glossy, glabrous; flowers large, yellow, on 4-1 in. long glabrous pedicels, 3 lin. long ; corolla 14 to nearly 2 in. long, the tube about 4 as long, darker yellow ; drupes the size of a pigeon’s egg or smaller, fleshy, d glossy. Has.—Frequently cultivated in villages all over Burma down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Nov.-March.—Fr. C.S. CARISSA, L. filiform, thickened at the apex, the stigma2-lobed. Berry more oF less globular or ellipsoid, 2- or by abortion i-celled, 1-3-seeded. Seeds peltate, rough, Embryo straight, in the axile of the albumen, with an ‘erior radicle and ovate cotyledons.—Armed shrubs or trees, with milky sap and opposite entire leaves , the spines (reduced peduncles) opposite, simple or forked, often bearing the inflorescence. Flowers small, in peduncled or almost sessile small corymbs or cymes. * — parts glabrous. - 4 led; b th ee Pa or ‘anaes ° ek ; : : i : : . C. carandas. “cells 2-ovuled; berry the si 5 i atts ent rry e = — ae or a et C. diffusa. * > All ah especially while young, shortly and softly Ovary-calls Sovuled ; berry the size of a pea =. =. «=.=, Aireules size of a plum; leaves usually Carissa. ] APOCYNER. 169 Hap.—Very frequent in the forests of the Prome district.—Fl. March.— L—88.—Ca8. Dil, : ay 2. C, di 321.—An evergreen large, spreading shrub, armed with usually simple and sometimes curved spines, all parts glabrous ; leaves Has.—Along the coast of South Andaman.—Fl. Fr. May.—SS.—=Metam. 3. C, hirsuta, Roth.—An evergreen large shrub, armed with oe spines, all parts more or less shortly puberulous; leaves M ovate to rhomboid-oblong and broadly lanceolate, obtuse or 18> acute, entire, coriaceous, especially while young on both sides . the nerves obsolete; flowers els, forming a short- peduncled puberulous small corymb at the end of the branchlets or ting the diverging spines in the forks of the branches ; about $ an in, long or shorter, puberulous outside; ovary-cells 2- 170 - APOCYNES. [ Carissa. ovuled ; berries oblong or almost globular, the size of a pea, smooth, black, few-seeded. Has,—Ava, along the Irrawaddi, apparently frequent.—Fr. Jan. WINCHIA, A. DC. mens 5, alternating with the corolla-lobes, inserted a little above the middle of the tube; anthers lanceolate, acute, almost sessile. with entire parallel-veined whorled leaves. Flowers in terminal, _ Short, trichotomous panicles. Bracts minute, ovate, acute. Panicle glabrous. . . - W. calophylla. Panicle minutely puberulous . W. atroviridis. acute at the base, on a glabrous petiole 4-1 in. long, 14-3 in. long, 2 2. W. atroviridis (Chilocarpus atroviridis, Bl.).—An evergreen scandent shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves elliptical to lanceolate, on a 4-5 lin. long slender petiole, 2-3 in. long, bluntish acuminate, chartaceous, entire, glabrous, parallel-veined on the pale-coloured ider-su 3 Howers (in bud) on short slender pedicels, forming a minutely puberulous, small, peduncled, trichotomous corymb-like _ panicle in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets; calyx-lobes rounded, white-bordered. : HaB.—Tenasserim, RAUWOLFIA, L. : Calyx 5-parted, without glands, Corolla salver- or almost bell- shaped, with a short, thick or cylindrical, above the middle inflated ‘abe; pilose insitle, the lobes sinistrorsely twisted in bad. Stamens Rauwolfia.] APOCYNER. 17] 5, inserted below the throat and included in the inflated part ; anthers oblong, acute, longer than the filament. N ectary cu v Drupe didymous, connate at the base, ovoid, with a wrinkled 1- seeded nut. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with oval cotyledons.—Low shrubs or undershrubs, with opposite or whorled entire leaves, Flowers in terminal cymes or brachiate corymbose panicles. shortly acuminate, 2-5 in. long, entire, membranous, glabrous, pale- coloured beneath; flowers white or (especially the tube) pale rose- Haz.—Very frequent in the mixed and open, especially in the savannah pee all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—F]. Apr -May.—s.+ Ws. Oo, , — . Calyx 5-parted, without glands, the sepals free, reflexed. Corolla salver-shaped, sinistrorsely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted at the middle of the tube; anthers linear-lanceolate, cuspi- conical, 10-furrowed at base and 2-lobed at the apex. Drupe by geseon singly, ellipsoid to globose, with a woody-fibrous mesoe: 2- or l-seeded, Albumen none. Embryo with fleshy ovate-oblong cotyledons.—Trees, with alternate or crowded leaves. Flowers conspicuous, in terminal corymb-like panicles. White, on nearly 4 in. long glabrous pedicels, forming a shorter or longer peduneled, reflexed-bracted, glabrous, robust, corymb-like 172 APOCYNEZ. [ Cerbera. long’, almost foli 1 sepal-like, lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed ; corolla-tube nearly 4 an in. long, the triangularly-faleate lobes nearly as long or longer; drupes oval to elliptical, the size of a duck’s egg, fibrous-woody, the epicarp smooth, green, then brown or blackish when fully ripe. Has.—Not unfrequent in the littoral, chiefly the tidal, forests from Chitta- pong sok Arracan down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—FI. March-May.— pod white, very soft and spongy. Seeds yielding an oil for ps. OCHROSIA, Juss. Calyx 5-lobed, without glands, the lobes short and erect, - Corolla salver-shaped, dextrorsely twisted in bud, the tube cylindri- cal and somewhat inflated above the middle, the throat without scales. Stamens 5, inserted in the inflated part of the corolla-tube; anthers sagittate, longer than the filaments. Nectary none. ry of 2 distinct carpels, often cohering at the apex and united by the filiform style, with 2-4 ovules in each carpel; stigma coni- . Drupes usually paired, free or connate at the base and more or less diverging, rarely by abortion singly, the putamen woody or horny, usually fibrous externally, 2-4- rarely ]-seeded, Albumen scanty. Embryo with flat almost orbicular cotyledons and an elongate radicle.—Trees or shrubs, with opposite or crowded leaves. Flowers small, in terminal or almost terminal, small, corymb-like cymes, 1. 0. salubris, Bl.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + 15—20+3— 4), all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate or elongate-obovate, acute at the base, on a 3-14 in. long petiole, 6-8 in. long, rounded or obsoletely apiculate, thin-coriaceous, entire, glabrous and glossy, el-nerved ; flowers small, white, shortly pedicelled, forming a TABERNEZEMONTAN A, Plum. © Calyx 5-parted, with a rine of base a : , g§ of small linear glands at the bas inside. Corolla salver-shaped, the tube glinisicnl; slightly swollen — round the anthers, the throat without scales, the lobes spreading, Tabernemontana. | APOCYNER. 173 twisted in bud. Stamens 5, usually included in the corolla-tube, the apiiats usually sagittate and acuminate, or linear. Nectary vary consisting of 2 distinct carpels united by the style, each carpel with numerous ovules ; stigma thickened, often with a membranous ring round the base. Drupes by pairs or solitary by abortion, obliquely oblong or nearly globular, distinct or rarely united at the base, more or less fleshy or pulpy, either indehiscent or tardily opening along the inner face. Albumen fleshy. Embryo with leafy cotyledons and a superior radicle.—Shrubs or rarely trees, with opposite entire leaves. Flowers in cymes, often by pairs in the axils of the uppermost leaves, Bracts usually very small. * Bractlets persistent, conspicuous, longer than the pedi- Corolla-lobes longer than the es. onyaslabes 2-3 lin. eae linear-lanceolate . T. recurva. Corolla-lobes _ s long as the tube . ZT. calycin ** Bra and. pile pcr = very deciduous and small, or ent and m x Pollicies ‘aperng = os base but not stalked, with- out a dage, (usually cylindrical with 6 hinigitaaiitel often elev 88 — nes). OQ Ca ly cy ponte or acu Anthers inserted ards the upper end lof the Mavens tube. large, showy coral — as long as t - T. divaricata. Calyeloes _. te —— — 3-4 “i n. retin cokitia: lobes early as lo ae as athe ; . I. alternifolia. Corolla- i io about half as yee as the tube, or shorter. rolla nearly an inch long ; = egrearioe : : Pe Corolla hardly 4 an inch long; calyx- sigs ane Sie a ‘pio, Doubtful species ; ; ore. lobes ovate, rather blunt ‘ f s aciliflora, tful species f aierendree OD) Calyx-lobes _subulate- acuminate or rotu tundate bere e long ; oeacs inserted sae of po corolla-tub Corolla-tube —_ a in, nog. sig lobes half as ong. or shorter ; calyx-lobes s . T. membranifolia, x Fotles ioath ete, terminating i ina | coriaceous Calyx-lobes Sealed at riko a 3 : . T. subcapitata. calycina, Wall.—Glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, : e base, blunt-acuminate, membranous, glabrous, on a 4-6 lin. long petiole dilated at the base , 3-4 in. long ; flowers 9 lin. long, on pedicels shorter than the calyx, forming usually 2 naked, dichotomously-branched, glabrous cymes ona peduncle twice as long as the petiole, arising from the fork of the upper branch- lets ; bracts conspicuous, 2-3, linear-acuminate, arising from the middle of the pedicel and twice the length of the calyx ; calyx- lobes 0 ovate, acuminate, ciliolate; corolla 9 lin. long, the lobes half the length of the tube.—(DC. Prod.) Hav.—Tenasserim. 174 APOCYNER. [ Zabernemontana. aT all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute at the base, on a 2-4 lin. long petiole, shortly acuminate or blunt- ish, 2-4 in. long, membranous, entire, glabrous, pale-coloured lets of 3 to 5 lin. length, forming short-peduncled glabrous spread- ing or recurved poor cymes arising usually by pairs from the forks of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes 2-3 lin. long, linear-lanceolate, glab- rous; corolla-tube rather robust, nearly } an in. long, the lobes elongate-obovate-oblong, longer than the tube. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the southern slopes of the Pegu _ Yomah above Rangoon and Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—F. May-June. coloured beneath ; flowers white, showy, on 3 to 6 lin. long pedi- eels, forming poor, peduncled, glabrous, corymbose cymes arising by on the same individual; corolla-tube about an in. long or shorter, the lobes nearly as long, broad, entire ; follicles about 1-14 in. long, acuminate at both ends, striate, glabrous. _ Has.—Very generally cultivated in native gardens all over Burma and adjacent islands.—Fl. Oct.-Dec. lternifolia 4. T. a ifoli high, all parts glabrous ; leaves usually opposite, oblong-lanceolate 4-seeded. Haz.—Frequent along the coast. of the Andamans.—Fl. Apr.-May. ,, %» ZT. rostrata, Wall.—A glabrous shrub; leaves elliptically ak acute at the base, 3-5 inch long, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, ac i ured beneath ; flowers conspicuous, on 2-3 lin. long pedicels, forming : ‘ 2 i 4 28 . g& pe 1ceis, 0) ne _ very short, glabrous, poor cymes arising solitary or in pairs from the — Tabernemontana.] APOCYNE. 175 ch lon the lobes nearly 38 times shorter than the tube; follicles oblong, nearly an inch long, diverging, almost beaked-acuminate, 1-3- seeded. T. ophiorrhizoides, Kz.—An evergreen shrub, 2-4 ft. high, i Has.—Frequent in the hill forests of the Martaban hills, at 3,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation.—F'. Apr.—SS.—Metam. ; 7. T. graciliflora, Wall.—Glabrous 3 leaves oblong, acute at the base, blunt-acuminate, on a 2 lin. long petiole dilated at the ®, Membranous, 2-4 in. long; flowers about an inch long, on pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx, forming a naked, much dicho- tomously branched eyme on a 2-3 in. long peduncle arising from the fork of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes ovate, rather blunt ; corolla-tube very long, slender, the lobes oblong, 3 or 4 times shorter than the tube.— (DC.) HaB.—Tenasserim. neat, longer than the petiole, terminal ; pedicels 8 lin. long, divarieate ; calyx-lobes ovate, acute ; follicles 4-5 lin. long, ellipsoid, 1-seeded. — (DC. Prod.) HaB.—Ava bills. 9. T, membranifolia, Kz.—An evergreen shrub, 3-4 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, tapering Anto a 3 to 5 lin. long petiole, 3-5 in. long, long and thinly acumi- White, on very slender, 4-6 lin. long, glabrous pedicels, forming Usually paired, shortly peduncled, much dichotomously branched, glabrous, corymb-like cymes in the fork of the upper branchlets ; bracts none or very minute and deciduous ;. calyx minute, the lobes 176 APOCYNER. [ Taberneemontana. linear-subulate, hardly a line long ; corolla-tube slender, ? in. long, slightly inflated round the anthers below the middle, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about half as long as the tube or shorter. Has.—In the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo.—Fl. Apr.- May. —s.—SS.—Metam. or 2-seed Has.—Pegu; Tenasserim.—Fl. Dec. GYNOPOGON, Forst. Calyx 5-parted, without glands. Corolla salver-shaped, twisted _ in bud, the tube usually inflated from the middle and constricted at the apex, the throat naked or somewhat gibbose. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube; filaments very short; anthers lanceolate. Hypogynous ring pilose or none. Ovary of 2 distinct ovoid- spindle-shaped carpels, united by a single style, each carpel with to 6 ovules in 2 rows; stigma capitate or oblong. Drupes paired or by abortion solitary, stalked, usually ellipsoid and 1-seeded, or consisting of 2 or rarely more 1-seeded joints placed end to end. Seeds naked, furrowed or concave on the inner face. Albumen horny. Embryo axile, with oblong blunt cotyledons.—Shrubs, usually whorled leaves. Flowers small , in small heads or clusters, or in short spikes or spike-like panicles, terminal or axillary. Bracts very small. ioe Corvlla-tube nearly } an in. | Corolla-tube only about 2 lin, long Gynopogon. | APOCYNER, 177 thin-coriaceous, glabrous and glossy, parallel-veined; flowers small, white, on very short and thick pedicels, forming a short, glabrous, sessile or nearly sessile small cyme at the end of the branches ; calyx sharply 5-cornered, 5-toothed, glabrous; corolla nearly 4 an in. long, the tube slender ; drupes elliptical, the size of a very large pea, shortly stalked, smooth. Has.—Along the rocky shores of Tenasserim and the Andamans. 2. G. breviflorum, Kz.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, tube; drupes elliptical, on a 1-2 lin. long slender stalk, pointed, glabrous. Has.—In the tropical forests of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim, at 2,000 ft. elevation. leaves somewhat smaller and narrower (12-15 lin. broad), the lateral nerves more numerous.—(DC, Prod.) HaB.—Tenasserim, VINCA, L. VOL, Yi. M 178 APOCYNER. [ Vinea. | 1. V. rosea, ed undershrub, 1-3 ft. high, all parts more or less minutely puberu- lous ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the ase, on a slender, 2-3 in. long, puberulous petiole, blunt or rounded with a mucro, 1-2 in. long, entire, firmly membranous; flowers showy, rose-coloured — or white with a deep rose-coloured throat, very shortly pedicelled, solitary in the axils of the leaves ; calyx puberulous, the lobes linear- subulate ; corolla-tube puberulous, about an inch (in small-flowered varieties often only 3 in.) long, the lobes broad, somewhat shorter than the tube; follicles cylindrically linear, 1-14 in. long, striate, sparingly puberulous, South American plant, now frequently cultivated in native ni dens and occasionally domesticated in rubbishy places around villages.— Jan.-May. CALPICARPUM, G. Don. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate, persistent, glandular at the apex. Corolla salver-shaped, dextrorsely twisted in bud, with pericarp. Seeds solitary, ovoid-oblong. Albumen none. Embryo with a superior ovate radicle and large cotyledons conform with the shape of the seed.—Shrubs or trees, with opposite entire leaves. Flowers showy, in terminal, almost sessile, small corymbs 1. C. Roxburghii, G. Don.—$a-Jap.— An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves from elliptical to cian and jenceolat scherng ia very short petiole, 3-5 in. long, shortly and bluntish — n y abortion, compressed urn-shaped, with an obliquely truncate apex, minutely tomentose, about 4-2 in. long. a. eo ME sc Tiad - ne ay Saree above Rangoon and from Martaban down : P LUMIERIA, Tournef, Calyx 5-parted; the lobes rounded. © el-salver- yt deo , 3 orolla funnel-salver shaped, Sinistrorsely twisted in bud, the tube straight or curved Plumieria.} APOCYNER. 179 without appendages at the throat. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the tube; anthers oblong, dilated at the base, longer than the filaments. Ovaries 2, ovoid, immersed in the disk, many-ovuled ; style single, with an oblong stigma 2-cleft at the apex. Follicles paired, oblong or linear, rarely ventricose, usually deflexed, many- seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed, sometimes mem branously winged. Albumen none. Embryo with large, broad, leafy cotyle- dons.—Small fleshy milky trees, with alternating or crowded leaves. Flowers large, arranged in terminal cymose corymbs. corym about $ in. long, the lobes nearly twice as long; follicles linear, cylindrical, diverging, about 5 in. long, glabrous. 4B.—Of American origin, now very frequently seen in gardens and villages all over Burma.—Fl, March-Apr. BEAUMONTIA, Wall. thers elliptical, sagittate, cohering in a cone round the stigma, Nectary consisting of 5 fleshy blunt glands. Ovary 2-celled, im- mersed in the torus, each cell with numerous ovules ; style filiform, the stigma oblong, obsoletely 2-lobed at the summit. “Fruit con- Tipe separating. Seeds numerous, pendulous, imbricate, obovoid- oblong, with a crown of long silky hairs at: the hilum. umen fleshy. Embryo with oblong cotyledons.—Scandent shrubs, with Opposite leaves. Flowers usually large and showy, in terminal ra- ceme-like corymbs, I. B. grandiflora, Wall.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, the young parts densely and shortly velvety-tomentose ; leaves from obovate- to elliptically-oblong, acute or obtuse at the base, on a } late, entire, chartaceous, shortly and softly pubescent while young, adult glabrous ; flowers very large and showy, yellowish white, on 180 APOCYNER. [ Beaumontia, ~ 3-1 in. long, shortly tomentose, robust pedicels, forming a shortly peduncled, shortly. tomentose, raceme-like corymb at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes about an inch long or somewhat longer, obovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, velvety-tomentose ; corolla — about 3 in. long, campanulate funnel-shaped, puberulous outside, the lobes short and broad, acute; follicles horizontally diverging, linear, with incurved a points, pretty smooth, as thick as the little finger, 6-10 in. long. Has.—Chittagong hills.—Fl. D.S, PARSONSIA, R. Br. Calyx almost 5-parted, the lobes without glands or with an irregular ring of minute glands inside at the base. Corolla-tube cylindrical or nearly globular, the throat without scales, the lobes spreading, twisted in bud. Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the tube, the filaments often twisted under the anthers, the latter oblong, lanceolate or linear, wholly or partially exserted, cohering in a cone or ring round the stigma, the cells with a — rigid basal lobe destitute of pollen. Hypogynous scales 5, as long as the ovary, free or united in a folded ring. Ovary 2-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell; stigma surrounded by a ring or membranous expansion at the base, usually 2-lobed. Fruit elon- gated, nearly terete, separating more or less completely into 2 follicles. Se with a crown of long silky hairs at the hilum.— Twining shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary corymbose cymes; bracts small. P. spiralis, R. Br.—An evergreen twining shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to elliptical, rounded or acute, and often haee - indistinctly puberulous; corolla-lobes linear, about 2-3 lin. long, — longer than the short tube; follicle cylindrically linear, somew gee compressed, about 5 in. long, acuminate, glabrous. : Has.—Pegu, above Rangoon; Tenasserim.—F. Apr. VALLARIS, Burm. Paltaris.| APOCYNER. 181 ligulate, pilose; anthers sagittate, cohering in a cone. Nectary cup-shaped, 5-cleft or -parted. Ovary single, 2-celled, each cell with many ovules ; style filiform ; stigma annular at the base, the apex conically ovate. Follicle solitary, 2-celled, oblong to ovate-oblong, opening into 2 valves. Seeds obovoid-compressed, terminated by a solitary, 4-5 in. long, elongate-oblong, rather acute, 2-valved, glabrous ; -hair-crown of seeds an inch long or longer. Var. 2, pubescens: all softer parts puberulous, adult leaves beneath scabrous and minutely puberulous. : HaB.—Frequent in the dry, especially the mixed dry, forests of the Prome district.—F], Fy. Sia pier / bat HOLARRHENA, R. Br. Calyx almost: 5-parted, the-lobes lanceolate, all or only the inner . ones with 1 or 2 glands at each side, or glandless. Corolla ovuled ; stigma oblong simple, abruptly acuminate. Follicles by pairs, linear, Seeds pendulous, oblong-spindle-shaped, terminating cotyledons and a superior radicle.—Small trees or shrubs, with “pposite leaves. Flowers in terminal corymb-like cymes. All parts (also the inf hortly velvety-pubescent. . H. codaga. All parts (also the idloteccne Sana Siac ‘capeaen H. antidysonterica. 1, H. Codaga, G. Don.—Let-top-thein.—A tree (15—26 4.8-— 12423) shedding leaves during H.S., all parts more or less _ 182 APOCYNER. [ Holarrhena. velvety-pubescent ; leaves elliptically oblong to oblong-lanceolate, in. long pubescent petiole, | leaves ; calyx and corolla-tube shortly pubescent; follicles paired, linear, up to a foot long, smooth, whitish spotted. Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier upper mixed forests from Chittagong and Ava down to Pegu and Arracan.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. C.S.—s. +1—88.X SiS. 2. H. antidysenterica, Wall.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 140, t. 20, f. 6; Brand. For. Fl. 326, t. 4 tube puberulous; follicles paired, linear, 1-14 in. long, glabrous, usually without white spots. HaB.—Not unfrequent in the dry and open forests from Chittagong, Prome, and Pegu down to Tenageorim FL Mesa Fr, C.S. L—SS.=Cas. Dil. Remarxs.—Yields the bark of commerce, ALSTONIA, R. Br. Inflorescence densely puberulous or labrous : : : . A. scholaris, Inflorescence quite glabrous . = ‘4 . ‘ ; ; . A, spectabilis. — Alstonia. | APOCYNER. 183 and corolla puberulous, the tube of the latter about 3-4 lin. long, very villous at the throat; follicles paired, thin and slender, about Has.—Not unfrequent in the leaf-shedding, especially the open and dry, forests, from Prome and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—F. Oct.-Sept.—l.— 8S.=CaS. Lat. Metam, 2. A. spectabilis, R. Br—A large evergreen tree (80—100 x 50—60 x ener all parts quite glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong, acute or obtuse at the base, very shortly and stoutly petioled, HB.—Tropical forests of the Andamans.—s.—SS.=Si8., etc. URCEOLA, Roxb. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes blunt, without glands, Corolla tubular, the tube short, the throat without scales, lobes hardly imbricate m bud. Anthers hastate, Disk cupular or annular, truncate or oO fompressed-oblong, silk-hairy, terminated by 2 very unequal “rowns of hairs, the outer one short and formed simply by the 184 APOCYNEM. [ Ureeola. continuation of the indument of the testa, the inner proper one consisting of soft silky hairs.—Scandent milky shrubs, with oppo- site leaves. Flowers minute, in peduhcled corymblike panicles or corymbs at the end of the branchlets and in the axils of the upper 4 in. long stalk, 3 in, long, glabrous, fleshy-coriaceous, edible; seeds tawny silk-hairy, with a very long, white, silky crown. Hazs.—Tenas Pegu.—Fr. close of B.S Remarxs.—Yields caoutchouk said to be equal to the genuine one. EPIGYNUM, Wieht. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, the lobes without glands. Corolla salver-° shaped, 5-lobed, dextrorsely twisted in bud, the throat without scales. Stamens 5, inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; anthers sagittate, adhering to the stigma. Hypogynous disk fleshy, embracing the base of the style and covering the summit of the ovary. Ovary adherent to the calyx-tube, 2-celled, the cells with numerous ovules ; style filiform ; stigma pyramidal, acute, slightly 5-winged, furnished at the base with a short reflexed membrane.—Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers in axillary corymbs. almost blunt, entire, glabrous ; flowers numerous, crowded, along ICHNOCARPUS, R. Br. oo Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes alternating with solita ired ry or paired minute lanceolate glands inside. Corolla salver-shaped, twisted mM bud, the tube dilated above the middle, the throat without scales, Ichnocarpus. | APOCYNES. 185 callose and constricted. Stamens inserted in the inflated part of the corolla-tube ; filaments very short, filiform ; anthers sagittate, without appendages. Nectary consisting of 5 capitate threads. Ovaries 2, appressed, ovate, each with many ovules ; stigma ellipsoid, abruptly and long-acuminate, minutely 5-glanded at the middle. Follicles paired, slender. Seeds numerous, with a crown of lon silk-hairs at the apex.—Scandent shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers small, in terminal and axillary cymose panicles. 1. I. frutescens, R. Br.; Brand. For. Fl. 327.—Tuu-sa-pai.— An evergreen scandent shrub, the young parts more or less covered with a rusty-coloured appressed pubescence ; leaves ellip- tical to obovate-oblong and broadly lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the base, on a pubescent and glabrescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, 2-4 in. long, bluntish to acuminate with a mucro, entire, firmly mem- branous or thin-coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so or pubescent and glabrescent above ; flowers small, white, on short rusty-pubescent pedicels, in peduncled small cymes arranged in a brachiate rusty- pubescent pan‘cie in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets 3 calyx about 4 a line long; corolla glabrous outside, villous at the throat, the tube about a line long or somewhat longer follicles paired, slender, sometimes (like Hedysanthera) moniliform —— 2-3 in. long, glabrous or while young appressed-pubes- cent. Var. 1, frutescens proper: leaves and follicles glabrous. Var. 2, pubescens : leaves, especially while young, on both sides appressed rusty-pubescent, glabrescent above ; young follicles simi- larly pubescent. Haz.—Frequent in the leaf-shedding forests, especially in the mixed ones and the Savannahs, all over Burma ; var. 2: chie y in the dry forests of Ava and Prome.—Fl, (1S. ; Fr. H.S.—1.—SS.—= o. AGANOSMA, G. Don. Calyx 5-parted, gland-bearing inside, the segments elongate- lanceolate. Corolla salver-shaped, twisted: in bud, the cylindrical. tube short, the throat without scales. Anthers sessile, inserted in e lower part of the corolla-tube, lanceolate, acuminate. Nectary cup-shaped or cylindrical, 5-lobed or erenate. Ovaries 2, blunt, m Scanty, Embryo with leafy cotyledons and a short superior tadicle.—Shrubs, usually scandent, with opposite leaves. Flowers 186 APOCYNER. [ dganosma in peduncled or almost sessile cymes or corymbs at the end of the branches or of the axillary branchlets. Calyx nearly an in. long, tawny-velvety ; nerves of leaves impressed 4. calyeina, Calyx only 2-3 lin. long, glabrous; nerves of leaves prominent lobes shortly pubescent, the tube shorter than the calyx; ovary — glabrous. Has.—Tenasserim.—F. Sept. 2. A. marginata, G. Don.—An evergreen, large, scandent or * cymes ; calyx-seements ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 lin. long, Tones corolla glabrous, the lobes longer than the tube; follicles paired, cylindrical, thin, about 1-1} ft. long, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the open and lower mixed forests from Ava and Martaban down to Tenasserim ; also Chittagong.—Fl, March-Apr. ; Fr. the next year.—l.— SS. Dil. — oa Rumanxs.—Wood rather light, coarsely fb ther close-grained, soft “eet gine og light, coarsely fibrous, rather close-grai ing in a cone round the stigma. Nectary cu shaped, thick, entire or obscurely crenulate. Ovaries 2, Soaes united by the style, Chonemorpha. | APOCYNE. 187 1. Ch. macrophylla, Don.; Brand. For. Fl. 828.—An ever- green, large, scandent shrub, the younger parts more or less shortly and softly pubescent or almost tomentose; leaves very ample, obo- vate to elliptically obovate, rounded or almost cordate at the nar- towed base, on a 3 to 2 in. long pubescent petiole, 5-7 in. long by 4-5 broad, acute or apiculate, firmly membranous, above glabrous or slightly pubescent along the nerves, beneath more or less shortly pubescent and pale-coloured ; flowers large, 2-3 in. across, white or rarely pale rose-coloured, on 3-5 lin. long shortly tomentose or canescent pedicels, forming a peduncled, dichotomously branched, canescent cyme at the end of the branches; bracts ovate, acute ; corolla variable in size, the tube 3 to 14 in. long, the lobes some- what longer and broad ; follicles united into one 1-14 in. long, linear, acuminate, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests along choungs of the Andamans * (only the small-flowered variety seen).—Fl. May.—s: l—SS.=SiS. Metam. Remarxs.—According to Revd. Parish, this yields a considerable quantity of caoutchouk, CERCOCOMA, Mig. Calyx 5-cleft or -parted, the tube bell-shaped, with numerous truncate glands inside at the base, the lobes oblong. Corolla salver- shaped, with a cylindrical tube, twisted in bud, the throat without scales. Stamens 5 ; filaments adnate to the base of the corolla-tube ; anthers hastate, eohering in a cone round the stigma. Nectary cup-shaped, 5-cleft. Ovaries 2, united by the style, many-ovuled. Follicles paired, elongate, compressed, many-seeded. Seeds com- Pressed, obovate, narrowed in a slender neck crowned by a coma of long silky hairs. Albumen none. Embryo straight, with oblong ~”, ase, on a 3-1 in. long slender petiole, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, entire, firmly membranous, glabrous; flowers white with a dee pedicels, forming a pretty long-peduncled, minutely puberulous, glabrescent, dichotomous eyme im the axils of the upper leaves; calyx nearly to the base 5-cleft, almost glabrous; corolla-tube 188 APOCYNES, [ Cercocoma., about 3 lin. long, the lobes twice as long or somewhat longer, glab- rous or more or less puberulous on the inner face ; follicles paired or rarely connate, 1-1} ft. long, glabrous. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban down to Tenas- serim, rare along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah ; also Ava.—Fl.-Apr.— 8: 1.—SS.—Metam. SiS. ANODENDRON, A. DC. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes ovate, with minute glands inside a their bases. Corolla salver-shaped with a short tube, twisted in bud, the throat without scales, usually somewhat pubescent above the stamens, the lobes sigmoid-falcate. Anthers sessile, inserted in the inflated part below the middle of the corolla-tube, sagittate, apiculate, cohering in a cone round the stigma. Nectary cup- shaped, obscurely 5-crenate. Ovaries 2, as long as the nectary, each with a few ovules only; style very short ; the stigma ovoid, Scandent shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers small, in axillary and terminal, peduncled, corymbose panicles or cymes. 1. A. paniculatum, A. DC.—Twin-nek.—An_ evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves elliptical to ellipti- cally oblong, acute at the base, on a strong petiole 5-8 lin. long, 3-5 in. long, apiculate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, the nerves Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah, Martaban — and Tenasserim, especially along choungs.—Fl. J an.-Feb.; Fr. the following year.—s:1—SS.=Metam. SiS | EMARKS.—The Andamanese use the fibre for the strings of their bows, and Mr. Homfray considers it stronger than any known to him. ECDYSAN THERA, Hook. and Arn. Calyx small, 5-cleft or -parted, with a few or without glands at the baseinside. Corolla almost urn-shaped, naked at the throat, Eedysanthera.} APOCYNE®. 189 the tube ovoid-bell-shaped ; limb 5-lobed, the lobes short, slightly dextrorsely twisted. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla ; anthers almost sessile, sagittate, connivent round the stigma, the cells at the base produced into empty tails. Disk annular, entire or 5-lobed. Ovary-carpels 2, distinct; with numerous ovules ; style narrowly lanceolate, about 2-24 in. ong, acuminate, glabrous and smooth; seeds nearly } in. long, tapering upwards, the deciduous coma 1-14 in. long. Hazs.—Ava hills. PARAMERIA, Bth. Calyx 5-parted, glandular at the base inside. Corolla campan- ulate-salver-shaped, sinistrorsely twisted in bud, the throat without scales. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube and included ; filaments very short ; anthers sagittate-oblong, cohering in a cone round the stigma. Nectary 5-lobed. Ovaries 2, hardly longer than the nectary, many-ovuled ; style short; stigma conically capitate. BF ollicles elongate, slender, inflated at intervals and somewhat moni- form. Seeds terminated by a crown of long silky hairs.—Seandent shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers small, in terminal or axil- lary usually trichotomous cymes or corymbs. 1 P, landulifera, DC.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all parts x "pper leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes oval, bl me corolla glabrous ; follicles slender, moniliform, 6-8 in. long, s. - a ee 2 Face 190 APOCYNER. [ Parameria, : Has.—Not unfrequent along the borders of the tidal forests of the coast of the Andamans; also Tenasserim.—Fr. March- POTTSIA, Hook. and Arn. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes with 1 or 2 glands at each side at the — base. Corolla salver-shaped, twisted in bud, the throat without scales. Filaments inserted at the throat and decurrent to below the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers exserted, hastate, rather acute, ; hee paiteg ce stigma. Nectary consisting of 5 linear-lanceolate glands. Ovaries 2, obovoid, many-ovuled ; style filiform ; stigma ovoid, 5-cornered, for some time. Seeds compressed, with a crown of long silky hairs.— Scandent shrubs, with opposite leaves. Flowers small, in very lax, trichotomous, terminal or axillary corymbs or panicles. lobes about half as lone as the tube, ovate; h ous lanceolate, longer than the ovaries, ; woe Has.—Tenasserim. STROPHANTHUS, DC. angular or cylindrical stigma. Follicles matt, divaricate, woody- a : coriaceous, Many-se Seeds compressed, terminated by a crow? of long sil irs.—Shrubs, usually scandent, with opposite leaves: —Sh Flowers often conspicuous, in dichotomous or trichotomous terml- nal cymes or corymbs. | ' Strophanthus. | APOCYNER. 191 x Corolla-lobes acute or acuminate, but not produced into ] ails, Floral bracts ovate, acute, stiff, only 1} lin. lon ‘ . - S&S. brevicaudatus. X X Corolla-lobes produced into tails 2 or more inches long. loral bracts and the conform calyx-lobes stiff, linear- subulate. . Corolla (without the tails) about an inch long : s : . S. Griffithii. rolla (without the tails) about 3 an inch long . : ; . S. longicaudatus. bracts and the conform calyx-lobes flaccid, reflexed, linear. Corolla about 2 in. long; bristles twice as long as the anthers, S, caudatus. 1. S. brevicaudatus, Wight.—A spreading glabrous shrub; leaves elliptical to elliptically ovate, acute at the base, on a 2-3 lin, long slender petiole, 2-4 in. long, rather abruptly acuminate, 2. S. Griffithii, Wight.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves obovate to oblong-obovate, acute at the base, 2-4 in. long, on a 2-3 lin. long petiole, apiculate to shortly and abruptly acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrous; flowers conspicuous, a foot long, fibrous-coriaceous , glabrous. rim. 3. 8. longicandat parts glabrous; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong, acute at the ase, on an 1-2 lin. long petiole, 2-3 in. long, shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, entire, firmly membranous, glabrous ; flowers rather Conspicuous, on very short and thick pedicels, forming a 1 é the lobes acuminate ; anthers somewhat shorter than the Has.—Lowor Tenasserim. 192 APOCYNER. [Strophanthus, — 4. §. caudatus (Hehites caudatus, Burm.).—A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong to elliptical, tapering on a 3-4 lin. long petiole, 2-4 in. long, shortly and often bluntish acumi- nate, entire, glabrous, firmly membranous; flowers rather conspi- cuous, rose-coloured, with yellowish tails, on 1-2 lin. long pedicels; forming a lax, dichotomous, glabrous, longer or shorter peduneled cyme at the end of the branches or terminating the young branch- lets; bracts all linear, 3-4 lin. long, membranous, flaccid and reflexed ; calyx-lobes conform with the bracts and similarly reflexed ; corolla about 3 in. long, the lobes produced into 14-2 in. long tails; scales linear, acuminate; anthers shorter than the soft deciduous bristles. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan. WRIGHTIA, R. Br. Calyx 5-parted, with 5 to 10 broad scales at the base inside. Corolla rotate-salver-shaped, with a cylindrical usually short tube, twisted in bud, the throat with a crown of 5 or 10 scales either — distinct or united in a ring. Stamens inserted at the throat 5 filaments very short and broad ; anthers sagittate, exserted, cohering m a cone round the stigma. Hypogynous disk or scales none. Ovary of 2 carpels distinct or connate, but readily separable, many- — ovuled. Follicles paired, connate and marked by 2 lateral furrows. — Seeds numerous, oblong, with a crown of hairs at one end.—T) es or shrubs, milky, with opposite leaves. Flowers often showy, 2 terminal or spuriously axillary corymb-like cymes. Bracts small. * Throat of corolla furnished with scales or fringes. lg gta age the leaves, shortly and densely Corolla-lobes lisead scales of throat cuneate, 2-3-lobulate . W. mollissima. > All parts glabrous. Corolla white, the lobes linear-oblong, the throat fringed by a ring of branched, long, filiform scales Corolla red, the lobes broad ; scales large, rounded, obscurely ; : er eee W. tinctoria. om Ceeclli tical naked. : : Glabrous ; leaves small ; pedicels filiform ; flowers small, white . W. religiosa. 1. W. mollissima, Wall. (W. tomentosa, Roem. & Schult. i Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 159; Brand. For. Fl. 323).—Let-top-thein— A tree (40 + 10—12+43—5) shedding leaves in H.S., all softer parts Wrightia.] APOCYNER, 193 calyx-lobes about a line long, ovate, blunt; corolla-tube short, glabrous, the limb tomentose, dull-yellowish, the throat closed by 10 lively orange-coloured thick cuneate 2- or 3-lobulate scales much shorter than the corolla-lobes ; follicles elon te-linear, cylin- drical, with a furrow on each side, glabrous, corky-lenticellate, 8-9 in. long, acuminate. Has.—Common in the lower and upper mixed forests, from Chittagong and Ava down to Te asserim, up to 2,000 ft. elevation—FL Apr.-May ; Fr. C.S.— 8 + 1—SS.—=SiS. Metam. Remarxks.— Wood yellowish, rather light, close-grained, soft.— '=55 pd. 2. Wz. Wallichii, Dalz. and Gibs., not DC.—* A shrub; leaves elliptic obovate, acute at the base, obtusely acuminated, covered all k thee Has.—Burma, 3. W. tinctoria, R. Br. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 241; Brand. For, Fl. 324,—A leaf-shedding tree (40+10—15 +3—4), all parts glabrous ; leaves elliptical to oblong, obtuse or acute at the base, on at line long petiole, 2-4 in. long, shortly and bluntish acu- peduncled corymb at the end of the branchlets ; calyx glabrous, about a line long, the lobes bluntish ; corolla-lobes elongate-oblong, nearly 4 an in, long, the throat bordered by many, branched, white, filamentose scales ; follicles slender, linear, by pairs, at first united at both ends, finally separating, 1-14 ft. long, glabrous. Hss.—Burma, Remarxs.—Wood beautifull white, close-grained, hard, resembling ivory. Good for turning. Leaves said yield an i Sa kind of indigo. acute at the base, on a slender petiole about 2 lin. long, 2-4 in, ut bluntish acuminate, membranous, entire, S’abrous ; flowers showy, dull-red, on thick 2-4 lin, long pedicels, or : ' Crenulate scales 3 follicles by pairs, linear, about as thick as the little finger, and nearly 12 in. long, glabrous, corky-lenticellate, VOL. 11, N 194 APOCYNES. [ Wrightia. Has.—Chittagong hills.—Fl. Apr. RemArxs.— Wood white, very light, but firm. Much used by turners for Has.—Tenasserim and the adjoining Siamese provinces.—Fl. H.S. NERIUM, L. oblong, pubescent, comose, albuminous.—Shrubs, with whorled or occasionally opposite leaves, Flowers fragrant, 10 terminal cymes. 1. N. odorum, ed shrub, all parts glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, acumlr nate at both ends, on a stron i ! orming a short, glabrous, corymbose e at the end of the branch- e lets; corolla about an inch across; follicles connate, about 3 i. a long, linear-lanceolate, straight, truncate, glabrous. ae teries, of Burma; ve gardens and villages, especially ASCLEPIADEA. valvate in bud, the throat with or without scales or appen beet alternating with the lobes. Stamens 5, inserted at or near the °° ASCLEPIADER. “195 diately above the carpels and thickened with the anther-tube int “eal usually opposite leaves. Stipules none or obsolete, axilly n small, in racemes or cymes often reduced to umbels i ry or lateral from between the opposite petioles. Bracts small: : ec very minute. : .atge order the members of which usually abound in acrj oo milk which often proves more or ions poisonous, “The Tylop Senerally acrid, whence some of them act as emetics. as ora asthmatica and Secamone emetica ; others are diaphoretie ld i 2 E. oe a S B + ff 5 peal Re Be re 2 z i Sse an, Marsdenia tinctoria. Others are remarkable for their ae re, like Marsdenia tenacissima, Orthanthera viminea, the — ‘all Se ona {Calotropis), and a fewothers. None of the 50 species oc : Sip ( & forester’s point pe gan: Burma are of any special interest from bs iota s Karst wed or entirely free ; pollen-masses granu- . ody twiners. x — without a corona ; anthers terminated by a thick ong bearded appendage. Woody climbers . . Pentanura, 196 ASCLEPIADER, [ Pentanura, X X Corolla with a corona of free or connate scales vari- ously ins aoe Stage at "he throat 5-callous, the callosities terminat- erect filiform 2a curved at the apex. . Finlaysonia, Gisele pm gs 5 blunt scales i in the throat. Pollen-sanss 1. Streptocaulon. Corolla almost funnel-shaped to rotate, with 5 membranous epvie adhering to the anthers in the swollen middle- -part of t "| Ohyyutligia * Filaments wholly connate ; po llen-masses smooth. " (Co- olla-lobes usually twisted Rcagiat ate.) internal appen soem s wats - Toxocarpus. x X Pollen-masses 2 to each anther. ‘ollen-masses pendul Erect shrubs or under- ge titmntstad crown double, the — one shortly wavy-lobed, the inner one of 5 linear-oblo ong lobes ; corolla almost bell-sha wa angular, the limb 5-cl cM s . Calotropis. Pollen-masses horizontal or erect. Tw sree Neonat — between the lobes ; itaitiina? ts crown of ts adnate at the base with a short erect, free or hg . Marsdenia. As sai bat segments of the staminal crown with a compressed inside at the top . Pergularia, Corolla very — oe, rotate, - with | scales between ‘the lobes ; e or reduc pa to5 penis nae sie ands at the ayy of t the pee SS . . Gymnema, PENTANURA, BI. Calyx small, 5-cleft, 5-glanded at the base inside. Corolla so dl ce ig or co te with o pea leaves. Flowers small, in small reduced axillary cymes . : khasiana, Kz.—A large twining cheb, the young en! minutely brown-pubescent 3 leaves lanceolate, acute at the base, . late, about 2 Ee long. spreading thinl ressed-pu 2 3 gs, n ippre: : inside ; oe oe es pam very like those ot Finlaysonia, Pig and glabrous. Ha plat ‘ite WL RS Finlaysonia.] ASCLEPIADE. 197 FIN LAYSONIA, Wall. _ Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the 5 lobes alternating with as many capillary erect bristles hooked at the apex. Filaments distinct, inserted between the tubercles at the throat. Anthers nude, adhering at the base to the middle of the stigma, terminated by a broadly ovate appendage. Pollen-grains 20, collected into 4 granular masses to each anther. Stigma large, ovate, 5-gonous at the base. Follicles ventricose-ovate, divaricate, hooked-beaked. Seeds scarcely comose.—Twining shrubs, with fleshy-coriaceous 1 F, obovata, Wall.—An evergreen, large, woody twiner, all Parts quite glabrous ; leaves opposite, obovate to obovate-oblong, thick about a line long pedicels, forming glabrous robust cymes in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets» ¢ um : ‘ete: leas y flat, obovate. : ong, blunt, n t i fringed towards the osu aiae base. ae mia Scr Has.—Fp : ; ~h. Aug-Oct. om oa eae Lower Pegu and Upper Tenasserim, ly a with 5 short filiform scales alternating with the corolla-lobes. «wnents distinct, inserted in the tube ; anthers nude, laterally at the apex by means of the appendages. Pollen-masses iad solitary, united by fours.. Stigma 5-gonous. Follicles ndrical, very spreading, smooth or longitudinally membranous- 198 ASCLEPIADER. [Streptocaulon. in Seeds comose.—Usually woody twiners, glabrous to tomentose, Flowers minute, in short interpetiolar cymes. Tomentose ; follicles smooth . ‘ > x i ‘ . . S. tomentosum. Glabrous or pubescent; follicles with numerous longitudinal membranous wings Z = : : ; : . &. extensum. Haz.—Not unfrequent in the open forests, especially the ing ote all over the Tharrawadee zone of Pegu up to Ava; Tenasserim from Moulmein as south as Tavoy.—Fl. March-Sept.; Fr. C.S.—l—SS.—Dil. rous or puberulous petiole 4-2 in. long, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, membranous, entire, short] pubescent, especially beneath, or glab- rous or nearly so 3 flowers minute, whitish, on slender, glabrous cae about 3-4 lin. long, forming glabrous or almost glabrous, at the end of the branchlets 3 sepals minute; corolla rotate, the ' lobes linear-oblong, twisted, about 24 lin. long, glabrous; follicles ovate, very spreading, about 1} in. long, bluntish and strongly acuminate, with numerous (about 16), rather broad, membranous, longitudinal wings, quite glabrous, | Var. 1, extensum pro r: lea lous Bee eislly hence prope ves more or less puberulous, espe- sy Var. 2, paniculatum (Myri dt ; iff.) : Jeaves cia 3 — _ (Myriopteron paniculatum, Griff.) Has.—Frequent in the lower mixed forests, entering th hs, all over g the savannahs, H a Senora to Tenasserim ; var. 2: in Ava,—Fl. Sept. ; Fr. Jan- 2 CRYPTOLEPIS, R. Br. | Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft, with 5 crenulate clands within. Corolla ‘unnel-shaped or rotate, the throat nude, the tube inflated at the be Cryptolepis.] — ASCLEPIADER. 199 middle and furnished with 5 fleshy scales alternating with the tamens 5, inserted above the base of the tube, the filaments very short; anthers sagittate, acuminate, bearded on the back. Pollen-grains solitary, granulate, united into 4 masses, attached to the linear-spatulate appendages divisible into 2. Stigma 5-gonous. Follicles cylindrical, divari- , smooth. Seeds comose.— Woody twiners, glabrous. Flowers small, in short axillary cymes. C. Buch all parts glabrous; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, acute at the ase, on a slender petiole 3-4 lin. long, retuse with a mucro or small glabrous cymes in the axils of the leaves; calyx } lin. long, Haz.—Rather rare in the open, especially the low, forests of the Tharrawadee zone of Prome; also Ava,—Fr. Jan.- eb.—l.—8S.=Dil. TOXOCARPUS, Weht. and Ar. of the anthers, and each with an appendage inside, Pollen-grains 20, very small, attached in 4 masses to the processes of the stigma, which latter terminates in a long point or beak. Follicles very spreading.— Woody climbers, Flowers small, in axillary cymes. 1. T. laurifolius, Wight.—An evergreen lofty twiner, all parts glabrous, the branches corky-tubercled ; leaves elliptical to ellipti- cally ovate, rounded or obtuse at the base, on a rather slender petiole 3-1 in, long, shortly and abruptly acuminate to apiculate, entire, 24-5 in. long, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, shining above ; flowers small, pale yellow with a red or orange-red staminal crown, on slender, glabrous or nearly glabrous pedicels about a line long, forming glabrous or slightly rusty-tomentose almost sessile cymes im the axils of the leaves, the bracts and bractlets minute, subu- late; sepals oblong, blunt; corolla-lobes a line long, oval-oblong, blunt, slightly pubescent inside; follicles slender, horizontally “preading, cylindrical, the thickness of a goose-quill, about 5 in, long, corky-lentioellate, glabrous. eelle Has.—Not unfrequent along choungs in the ical forests of the Pegu Yomah,—Fl. as 188, =Si8,, ete. 2% 200 ASCLEPIADE#. [ Calotropis, CALOTROPIS, R. Br. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla almost bell-shaped, deeply 5-cleft, the tube angular, the angles introrsely saccate. Stami of 5 lobes, the lobes linear-oblong, almost compressed and keel-shaped, vertically adnate to the gynostegium, but free below and recurved or involute. Anthers terminated by a rather broad membrane. Pollen cultriform, compressed. Stigma 5-gonous, depressed and minutely apiculate. Follicles ventricose, smooth.—Erect shrubs or undershrubs, the juice milky. Flowers rather conspicuous, in axillary umbel-like racemes. Flowers about an inch or more in diameter ; staminal crown as long bes as the corolla-lobe eats ‘ . . : : - C. gigantea. Flowers } to nearly smaller; staminal crown much shorter than the corolla-lobes . ° : . : : . P . C. procera. blunt prolongation doubly shorter than the ovoid gynostegium ; follicles singly, irregularly ovoid-oblong, inflated, about 14 to 2 m. ong, while young floccose-tomentose, soon turning glabrous. Has.—Frequent in agrarian lands, especially fallow fields, and along river banks of Prome and Pegu; Upper Tenasserim ; also cultivated for m purposes.—Fl, H.S.—l.—SS.=—= oo All. € wood is said to give superior charcoal for gunpo Remarxs.—Yields the mudar-root. The fibre is strong and used in rope making. Th P wader. Calotropis.] ASCLEPIADER. 201 longation about half the length of the gynostegium ; follicles same as those of the preceding species. __Has.—Frequent in waste places, agrarian lands and river banks all over Ava and Prome district.—Fl. H.S.; Fr. C.8.—1.—SS.=All. Aren. CaS. MARSDENIA, R. Br. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla almost bell-shaped, rotate or very rarely urn-shaped, 5-cleft, the lobes twisted. Staminal crown of 5 segments adnate to the gynostegium at the base, sometimes with free basal auricles or almost peltate, the upper end erect and free, shorter or hardly longer than the anthers. Anthers terminating ina membrane. Pollen-masses 2 to each anther, oblong or rarely obovoid, erect. Stigma (or summit of style) blunt or terminating in a cone or in a long beak.— Woody or herbaceous twiners, rarel erect. Flowers small, forming irregular cymes or panicles, or more usually simple umbel-like racemes between the axils of the petioles, Adult parts all glabrous; corolla glabrous, densely bearded at the throat ued i eetee ia & Sodeecscte - ML. tinctoria. All softer parts more or less tomentose; corolla pubescent, not bearded at the throat i wee et, 1 , eaeediaiag r.—An evergreen woody twiner, the oblong, rounded or cordate at the base, on a slender glabrous petiole about an inch long, acuminate, entire, membranous, 4-5 in. long, lobes short; lobes of staminal crown subulate, as lone as the Synostegium. petiolar panicles usually shorter than the leaves; calyx pubescent, the lobes oblong, bluntish ; corolla pubescent outside, salver-shaped, Steen, the lobes short and yellow, oblong, blunt; lobes of the staminal crown rather thick, linear, at the apex truncate, notched or almost 2-forked, nearly as long as the gynostegium ; stigma blunt- 202 ASCLEPIADE®. [Marsdenia, apiculate ; follicles solitary, elongate-ovoid, strongly and bluntish acuminate, especially while young densely puberulous, 24 to 3 in. long. Has.—Ava, along the banks of the Irrawaddi; Chittagong.—Fl. HLS. GYMNEMA, R. Br. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes erect. Corolla rotate or almost: bell- shaped, 5-cleft, furnished at the throat with 5 scales or tubercles alternating with the lobes. Staminal crown none or reduced to 5 scarcely prominent protuberances at the base of the gynostegium. Anthers terminating in a membrane. Pollen-masses 2 to each 1. G, acuminatum, Wall.—An evergreen, large, woody climber, the young parts pubescent; bark spongy, deeply cracked ; leaves ovate to elliptically oblong, acute at the rounded base, on a puberu- lous petiole about 4 in. long, acuminate, 24-4 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous above except on the nerves, beneath shortl tomentose or pubescent, glabrescent with age; flowers small, white, on about a line long pubescent pedicels, forming small, almost globular, crowded umbellets usually in pairs, rarely solitary between the opposite petioles; calyx pubescent, the lobes bluntish ; corolla glabrous, the scales ovate, almost membranous; stigma conical, longer than the stamens ; follicles conical from a thick ase, 2 in. long, at length glabrous ; seeds large, surrounded by 4 - membranous margin. Has.—Forests of Chittagong; Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. begin. of B.S. PERGULARIA, L. terminated by a membrane. Pollens erect, ovoid-oblong. Stigm@ ‘nude. Follicles ventricose-lanceolate, smooth. Seeds comose.— 8 Woody climbers, with opposite leaves, Flowers in interpetiolat cymes. : - Corolla-tube about 34-4 lin. long, villous withi in, Coe =~ ashes nee bas weet te iets 2 HS sdovatieitil Corolla-tube 1-1} lin. long, quite glabrous within, the lobes linear, nearly twide the length of the tube es : : ate ; a P. pallida. Pergularia. | ASCLEPIADER, 203 1. P. odoratissima, L.; Brand. For. Fl. 334.—A large twin- ing shrub, the young shoots more or less pubescent; bark s 2. P. pallida, WA.; Brand. For. Fl. 334.—A large twining shrub, the shoots pubescent ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, on a slender pubescent petiole 3-1 in. long, acuminate, 2-4 in. long, pubescent while young, glabrescent, membranous; flowers uncled, many-flowered, inter- petiolar or axillary cymes; corolla-tube half the length of the linear, bluntish, 3 lin. long lobes, quite glabrous within except near its base; follicles lanceolate, glabrous, 3 in. long. Has.—Ava, apparently frequent.—FI. R.S.; Fr. C.S. GENTIANEA. cells parallel, opening longitudinally or in terminal pores. Ovary 1-celled, but: with the 2 parietal placentas projecting into the cavity noe FAGRAA, Thbg. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft, the lobes blunt, imbricate. Corolla _ fumnel- or salver-shaped, the tube cylindrical or widened upwards, - 204 GENTIANES. [ Fagrea. the limb 5- (very rarely 6- or 7-) -cleft, the lobes oblique and almost twisted-imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla; filaments filiform ; anthers incumbent. Ovary 2-celled or l-celled, with numerous anatropous ovules attached to the thick almost 2-lobed (the lobes involute) placentas ; style filiform, ex- serted or included; stigma peltate. Berry globular to ovoid and almost cylindrical, 2. or l-celled. Seeds numerous, minute, crusta- ceous, immersed in the pulpy-enlarged placentas. Embryo minute, — enclosed in the horny albumen, the cotyledons very short and blunt, the radicle long.—Trees or shrubs, often scandent or epiphytical, with opposite more or less coriaceous leaves, the petiole at the base dilated in an entire or auricle-like 2-lobed stipular sheath, Flowers white or yellowish, often large, solitary, or in terminal cymes, corymbs, racemes or panicles. * Flowers large, above an inch long, solitary or by 3 or 5 in a@ short-peduncled terminal corymb.—Shrubs, often sea X Corolla-tube long-exserted, above the middle or at the summit dilated into the limb . . : > . F. carnosa. ef Corolla-tube short, or from the base funnel-shaped ated. Calyx about an inch long or longer ; the lateral nerves distinct, but thin and immersed on the under-surface of the leaves 3 . Calyx only about } in. long; the nerves of the leaves beneath not or almost not visible 3 : : j : . ** Flowers small, up to an inch long or somewhat longer. rect trees. Flowers clustered or in small cymes, forming a terminal peduncled raceme ; leaves penninerved . . . : : ‘ . F. racemosa. Flowers in terminal or axillary, long-peduncled, many-flowered corymbs ; nerves of leaves beneath very obsolete and immersed F. fragrans. 1. F, carnosa, Jack.—An evergreen parasitical (?) shrub with smooth greyish bark, all parts glabrous ; leaves almost rotundate- obovate, on a compressed petiole, with a short reflexed point, entire, 3 COrolid- tube about 4 in. long, expanding into a 5-cleft limb; style abou half so long as the corolla-tube, with a 4-lobed stigma ; berry size of a small hen’s egg, ovate, seated on the persistent calyx, rather pointed, 2-celled, many-seeded. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. 2. F, auricularia, Jack.—An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves obovate to obovate-lanceolate, blunt or shortly apiculate, tapering into the broad petiole sheathing at the base, a in. long, thiek-coriaceous and quite smooth, entire, the lateral nerves thin and immersed ; flowers very large and showy, white, Fagrea.} GENTIANEA. 205 turning yellowish, on thick 4 in. long pedicels 2-bracted at the apex, by 3 or rarely by 5 (in this case the two lateral flowers basal) ona short, thick, terminal peduncle; calyx about an inch long ; corolla 3 to 5 in. across, the tube about an inch long ; style ex- serted; berry ovate, acuminate, the size of a duck’s egg, glaucous- green, smooth. Has.—Burma, probably Tenasserim. 3. F. obovata, Wall. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 144.—Nyoung-kyap.— An evergreen, large, scandent or erect tree, up to 35 ft. high, with grey stems up to thickness of a man’s body, all parts glabrous ; HaB.—In the tropical and moister mixed forests from Chittagong, Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fr. C.S. —s.—SS.= o. - F. racemosa, Jack.—An evergreen tree up to 50 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves large, oblong to ovate and elliptically-oblong, acute at the base, on a short petiole sheathing at the base, 5 in. to ft. long, apiculate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, penninerved ; flowers white or slightly flesh-coloured, rather small, on short or very short pedicels, several together in small clusters and forming a terminal, peduncled, glabrous raceme, the bracts small, broad, blunt ; calyx about 3 lin. long; corolla funnel-shaped, nearly an inch hd: berries ovoid, about } in. long, truncate-acuminate, smooth, F Has,— requent in the tropical forests of the Andaman islands.—Fl. Fr. eb.—May—s x 1—SS.—Si8. Metam. 5. FB. fracrans, é 10—12 + 3—4), all parts glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptically oblong, tapering in aslender petiole 3 to 4 in. long, ] i in ntire jaceous, 206 GENTIANER. [ Fagrea. Has.—Very common in the Eng and hill Eng forests of Tenasserim from Moulmein southwards.—Fl. June—Jan.—1.—SS.—=Lat. RemarKs.—Wood yellow or light brown, white streaked. Break-weight= 400-500 pd.—Said to be imperish: if exposed to water, and Zeredo navalis will not attack it. Used for house-building, posts, piles for bridges and wharves. Recommended for railway sleepers, BORAGINEA. | ; Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular or nearly so. Calyx free, 5- (rarely 4- or 6-) -cleft or toothed, or rarely irregularly’ slit. Corolla salver-shaped to almost rotate-salver-shaped, with a longer or shorter tube, 5- rarely 4- or 6-lobed, imbricate or induplicate in ud. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes and alternating with them, or very rarely fewer, inserted in the corolla-tube; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally or rarely in apical pores. Ovary superior, entire or 4-lobed, either 4-celled with’ a solitary ovule in each cell, or 2-celled and the cells 2-ovuled (in both cases the ovary consists of 2 carpels only), the ovules laterally attached, ascending or pen- dulous ; style terminal or between the lobes. Fruit eithera drupe with the endocarp entire or separating into 2 or 4 pyrenes, or dry | an ting into 4 or rarely 2 nuts. bumen none or scanty. Embryo straight, with flat and rather thick or rarely folded cotyle- | dons, the radicle short.—Herbs or perennials, usually rough from coarse hairs, or shrubs and trees, which are glabrous or of a softer | indument, with alternating or very rarely opposite leaves, simple or and braetlets often wanting. Style twice forked; cal 1 i . onder the Ba. Ge aie staves iistaed ii > Style 2-lobed, without any thick ring; calyx deeply cleft; trees - or pay sty! . ni ‘ are a é - - Ehretia, preceding, e sim i - stigma ; shrubs . ~ ‘a 3 — ‘ Sou! rate Rhabdia. | : CORDIA, L. Calyx tubular or bell-shaped, 5-toothed or irregularly lobed. Corolla-tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped, the limb 5- or rarely 6- or more-lobed. Stamens inserted in the tube: anthers included or carp hard, 4. or by abortion fewer-celled. Albumen none. Cotyle- dons longitudinally folded, the radicle superior.—Trees or shru a with entire or toothed leaves. Flowers in cymes, sometimes COM= Cordia.} BORAGINER, 207 tracted into heads, at first terminal, but often becoming lateral from the growth of the branch. Bracts small or none. * Leaves beneath and calyx densely tomentose. Calyx about 4 lin. long; full-grown leaves smooth above and white-do S Rt ‘ ‘ : : . C. fragrantissima. Calyx about 2% lin, long; leaves above very scabrous from short = hai ° ; A ‘ : ‘ : ‘ : - C. polygama, * & Leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath; calyx glabrous ulous. ‘ xe i. Corolla-tube as long or shorter than the calyx. Glabrous ; leaves without white dots on the upper side ; drupes size of acherry, acuminate. : i Peake , . C. myxa. As former, but young shoots brown-pubescent ; leaves puberulous neath; drupes the sizeof aplum . . ., .° . OC, brunnea, Leaves white-dotted above; drupe the size of a pea, blunt with a . C. grandis. X X Flowers large and showy, orange or brick-red. Corolla-tube long-exserted. Corolla-limb nearly an inch in diameter, crumpled ; drupe the ; size of a cherry, crowned by the calyx-tube . . . . C, subcordata. 1 . all parts si bi with a more or less dense partially fugaceous tomentum ; leaves elliptical to elliptically ovate, acute or obtuse at the base, on a in. or acuminate, entire or nearly so, when -grown firmly mem- branous or almost coriaceous, above covered with a very fugaceous ccose tomentum and soon glabrescent and (in a dried state) ®. C. polygama, tree, all younger parts covered with a soft scabrescent tomentum ; ves more or less ovate, on a pubescent petiole 1-14 in. long, rounded or obtuse at the base, 2-5 in. long, acute or bluntish, entire about 24 lin, long, roughish puberulous, smooth; coro rous, tube as long as the calyx, the lobes half the length ; drupes ovoid, 208 BORAGINER. | [ Cordia. blunt with a minute mucro, glabrous, the size of a large pea, sup- ported by the dilated funnel-shaped calyx. Has.—Rather rare in the hill Eng forests of Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. ele- vation.— Fr. Mareh —l.—SS.—=Metam. (?). Var. 1, myxa proper; branchlets silvery-grey ; leaves usually smaller and more repand-crenate, more coriaceous ; berries about 4-1 in. diameter. Var. 2, brunnea (C. drwnnea, Kz.) : branchlets brown, the young shoots densely brown~pubescent ; leaves larger, of a more charta- ceous texture, especially while young covered with a soft appressed-. brown pubescence ; drupes about an inch long. . Has.—Frequent in all leaf-shedding forests, entering also the tidal forests, from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim ; mori in the dry forests of Prome.—Fl. Feb. ; Fr. Mar.-Apr.—s x 1—SS.—= @ Sal. RemaRxs.— Wood white, turning grey-yellow, light, fibrous, but close-grained, soft.— O'—=33 pd.—Of little use neat for fuel. H)emanyog @ WN. B.—There is another species of Cordia a tly) of which only the leaves are known. These leaves are largely seed mi t ; Barman for cigar- ae It is called “ mhaya,” and is said to grow abundantly in the Pegu 4. C. grandis, Roxb.—Tha-nap.—A leaf-shedding, large, quick-— growing tree, the young shoots slightly tawny-pubescent ; leaves ei fe white-dotted above ; flowers small, white, very shortly pedicelled or tly so, firmly membranous, glabrous, in a dry state copiously Cordia.] -BORAGINER, . 209 almost sessile, forming a slightly fulvous-pubescent, soon glabrescent, ample, dichotomous, corymb-like cyme at the end of the branches; calyx campanulate-funnel-shaped, smooth, about 3 lin. long or longer, t half as long as the calyx ; stamens 4, long-exserted ; drupes elliptically ovoid, the size of a pea, blunt with a mucro, glabrous, c _EMARKS.—Wood uniformly pale brown, rather light, coarse-fibrous, takes an indifferent polish. and shortly lobed, enlarging and entirely enclosing the drupe; short, darker veined ; Stamens 6 ; style 6-cleft ; drupes the size of a o> entirely enclosed in the smooth calyx prolonged into a short m M HaB.—Coasts of the Andamans; also Southern Tenasserim,—F]. Fr. Feb.- arch, EHRETIA, L. Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla more or less totate with a short tube, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted m the tube ; anthers exserted or rarely almost included. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, or 4-celled with solitary ovules ; style terminal, more or less 2-lobed or forked, the lobes entire with * Prominent ring, Fruit a drupe, the endocarp forming two 2- seeded or four l-seeded pyrenes. Testa of seeds membranous. shrubs, with entire or toothed leaves. Flowers small, in panicles or ‘ymes, either terminal in the axils of the upper leaves or rarely all axillary. Bracts small, | % Leaves entire . renes 4, 1-seeded. Leaves, cones 3 pyrenes s A pecially beneat b os : - « EH. aspera. Leaves glabrous . ~ = tremens . + EB. levis. X Leaves sharply serrate ; pyrenes 3, 2-sceded. OP: cecinie ay aah ne ey at LSE » Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 146.—A stragel; | ‘ - . Sylv. . 146. raggling Shrub, all softer parts more or less pubescent and somewhat roughish ; VOL. 1, ) 210 BORAGINER. [ Ehretia. Has.—Ava.—Fr. Sept. is, Roxb. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 246; Brand, For. Fi. 2. E. levis, : 340, t. 42.—A tree (40—50 + 15—204+3—4), shedding leaves m HS., all parts glabrous and the leaf-buds often sticky ; leaves variable, elliptical to obovate, acute to acuminate at the base, 1-4 in. long, bluntish acuminate, apiculate or blunt, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, - the very young ones often somewhat sticky; flowers snow-white, sessile or nearly so, in forked one-sided spikes forming a peduneled, glabrous or rarely minutely puberulous, often sticky, compound cyme in the axils of the leaves or at the end of the branchlets; calyx smooth and sticky, or puberulous, about 4 lin. long; corolla rotate, about 24 lin. in diameter, the lobes lanceolate, acute ; drupes depressed-globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, 4-lobed, blackish, with four 1-seeded pyrenes. _ _ Var. 1, levis proper: the leaf-buds, inflorescence and calyces minutely tawny-puberulous. Var. 2, glutinosa ; the same parts quite glabrous and sticky, oF rarely the calyx minutely puberous, Hap.—Var. 1: in the forests of South Andaman; var. 2: frequent in the Cig and dry forests of Pegu and Martaban, and still more frequent in Prome- . Feb.-March.—l.—SS.=CaS. Dil. Metam. ReMarKs.—Wood pale brown, heavy, fibrous, but rather close-grained, on sapwood lighter coloured and soft, soon attacked by xylophages. ae 8. E. serrata, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl. 339.—An evergron 2 (80—40+15—20+3—4), all parts glabrous or the young branch = puberulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute at MS of the upper leaves; calyx glabrous, nearly a line long, the lo ellip- tical, blunt; corolla about 2 lin. sp the lobes elliptical, blunt Ehretia.} BORAGINER. 211 drupes the size of a small pea or pepper-kernel, sappy, smooth, red, containing two 2-celled pyrenes. Has.—Chittagong ; also hills of Ava.—Fl. May. RemarKs.— Wood tough, rather light, durable, greyish, streaked, fibrous, but ¢lose-grained, takes fine polish. Used for handles. RHABDIA, Mart. Ca (very rarely 6-) parted, the lobes equal or nearly so, Corolla bell-shaped or rotate-bell-shaped, with a short tube, the crowded, small, alternate leaves. Flowers small, in poor-flowered 1 cymes. Pressed-pubescent and glabrescent ; flowers reddish lilac, on very short pubescent pedicels, by 3 to 5 in poor, small, very short pedun- cled, appressed-pubescent eymes terminating the lateral branchlets ; calyx pubescent, the lobes subulate-lanceolate; corolla glabrous, the lobes ovate, blunt 3; drupes the size of a small pea, sappy an very glossy, crimson, containing four 1-seeded pyrenes. 8.—Common all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Upper Has. Tenasserim, in sandy or rocky beds of streams.—Fl. Fr. C.S, and H.S.—I,— SS.=petrophilous, CONVOLVULACE. Flowers regular, Calyx of 5 sepals much imbricated in bud, tarely 5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped, rarely Totate or salver-shaped, the limb 5-lobed or angular, folded or very ‘arely imbricate in bud. Stamens 8, inserted in ‘the’ corolia-tube and ternating with the corolla-lobes, usually unequally long; e Sitixe-or' 2-oleft branches or styles. Fruit either a capsule opening mas many or twice as many valves as there are cells and leaving the 212 CONVOLVULACER. [ Erycibe. dissepiments attached to the axis, or opening transversely or irregu- larly, or an indehiscent berry. Seeds erect, with a membranous or coriaceous testa. Albumen scanty or none. Cotyledons usually much folded, rarely straight or wanting. —Shrubs or herbs, usually twining or creeping, rarely trees or leafless parasitic twiners, with usually milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple or divided. Flowers variously arranged, axillary or terminal. Bracts and_bractlets usually small or deciduous, rarely large and persistent. An order of which about 70 species occur in Burma. The milky juice of most species is strongly purgative. Scammony is derived from Convolvulus Seammoni d a similar product comes from amie ag BS Pharbitis cathartica, Piptostegia and others. The best sort j in og ania rh , and et pains: and from Batatas jalapa. ‘orolla-labes 2-cleft ; stigma almost sessile, Ovary Pretty 4-ovuled ; — large, glo sre ; fruita berry . Erycibe. * Cor e riggs = ire or potas; le longer or shorter, raeee or the seis “Distinct. indi iscent berry. Ovary 4-celled, the cells 1-ovuled ; stigmas 2, line: . Rivea. org Ss the =~ 1-ovuled ; nee sities didymous or 2- . Pee. Ls Ovary sea the cel Is 2-ovuled; stigma didymous- glo obose. a X X Fruit a capsule, witha thin or hard ine valvately opening, or berry-like and t very thin and rupturing irregularl + Bracts ae iaieteds decid duous; — small. t Styles 2, Gee ai = mip cht oes 2-celled, the cells 2-0 stile capitate sepals not hanged in fruit, or the abe nee enlar: . Breweria. arging ++ Style simple, = stigmas capitake to filiform. 12) oe little enlarged in fruit ; cap- “ores 2-4-val ved, rarely pleted or irregularly bursting ® Ipomea. OO Sepa aes of them much ice ots and -like in fruit; capsule 1-celled, 1- Ovary ee the cells 2 2 ovuled ; style entire or eet: Papa . Porana +-+ Bract leafy-enlarg ed in ‘frait, conspicuous. Corolla deeply B-lobed ; styles 2; capsule 4-8-valv aS: adnate to near the centre of the bract ; scandent shrubs . + Neuropeltis. ERYCIBE, Roxb. | cate. Corolla rotate, with a short tube; lst aoopiy 6-3 Salobed the lobes deeply 2-lobed with the lobes involute Erycibe.] CONVOLVULACER. 213 ° closely folded and twisted-imbricate in bud. Stamens 5. Ovary 1- celled, with 4 erect ovules ; stigma sessile, large and thick, 5- or 10-furrowed, divisible into two. Berry indehiscent, by abortion usually 1-seeded—Large scandent shrubs, with entire coriaceous leaves. Flowers small, yellow, in short racemes, cymes or clusters, either all axillary, or the upper ones passing into a leafless termi- nal panicle, %* Flowers clustered. Leaves strongly and prominently nerved and veined. : . E. glomerata, * in cymes arranged into raceme-like elongate Veination entirely absent or obscure. . 3. gw BE coriacea, Leaves thin-coriaceous, the lateral nerves and net-veination thin but conspicuous ‘: . £. paniculata, ., % X Leaves opaque on both sides, glaucescent. : Panicle and sepals only sparingly silk-hairy, glabrescent . . E. glaucescens. shoots rusty or tawny hirsute ; leaves rigidly but rather thin-coria- : Pp : folded in the bud ; berries oblong or elliptically oblong, nearly $ in. ong, glabrous, 1-seeded., i hee Soy im.— i. Say, Moreh 4 Ps seam not rare in Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-March; Fr 2. E, coriacea, Wall.—A large scandent evergreen shrub, the young shoots covered with a fugaceous tawny or rusty tomentum; leaves thick-coriaceous, obversely lanceolate to lanceolate and ellip- Heal, ona strong petiole 3-5 lin. long, apiculate or 7 and th an ly so; flowers small, yellow, very shortly and stoutly pedicelled, = dense, almost sessile, tawny and rusty-tomentose cymes collected ™m short, more or less dense or rarely lax racemes or raceme-like Panicles in the axils of the upper leaves and at the end of the 214 CONVOLVULACE. [ Erycibe. branches; sepals orbicular, about a line long, thinly greyish or tawny-pubescent outside ; corolla rotate, about 3 lin. in diameter, appressedly tawny silk-hairy, the lobes produced into oblong, glab- rous appendages folded in the bud ; berries elliptically ovoid, glab- rous, 4 in. long, black. Has.—Apparently frequent all over Tenasserim; also Chittagong. —Fl. Fr. Feb.-March. 3. E. paniculata, Roxb.—A large evergreen scandent shrub, oung branchlets more or less rusty-villous or tomentose; leaves from oblong and obversely lanceolate to elliptical, on a strong — petiole 2-3 lin. long, acute or rarely rounded at the base, bluntish acuminate to apiculate, 2-3} in. long, coriaceous, while very young covered with a very fugaceous rusty-brown down, soon quite glab- rous and more or less glossy on both sides, the lateral nerves and ~ transverse veination thin but conspicuous; flowers small, yellow, on rusty-villous pedicels about 1-14 lin. long, in small cymes form- ing rusty-villous racemes in the axils of the leaves and collected into elongate panicles at the end of the branches or of the axillary chlets ; sepals densely rusty silky-villous, about 1} lin. long, coneave-orbicular ; corolla rotate, with a very short tube, densely rusty-villous outside, the lobes nearly 14-2 lin. long, terminating ito 2 rotundate, bright yellow, glabrous appendages folded in in as Se glabrous, ovoid, bluish black, the size of a large 3 s . Has.—Tenasserim; Ava. Has.—Pretty nent in Tenasserim,—F. Hig aaah —ss : ARGYREIA, Lour. Sepals equal or the inner ones much narrower, unchanged of — enlarged in fruit. Corolla funnel-shaped, the plaited limb angulat Argyreia.} CONVOLVULACER. 215 : : . ide Zeylanica, Bracts small and deciduous ; flowers white or pale purplish ; seeds ensely brown-puberulous, hairy round the hilum , ‘ - A, tiliefolia, Bracts up to } in. long, persistent during flowering ; flowers pink seeds glabrous : . : : ° 1. A. Zeylanica (lpomea Zeylanica, Gaertn.) —0O-ndé-hop-nway. —An extensive twiner, the young shoots sparingly appressed-hairy ; letie-a e, acute, 3 to 5 in. and sometimes up to a foot long and broad, nerves, very sparingly hairy; flowers rather large, pink, shortly pedicelled, forming a long (5-8 in.) peduncled, shghtly appressed- hairy, bracted cyme in the axils of the leaves, or sometimes the 1} in. long and contracted near the base, the lobes of the lim triangular, blunt ; capsules berry-like, yellow, smooth, the size of a pea, usually 1-seeded ; seed almost globose, grey, smooth and glabrous. Var. 1, populifolia ; all parts nearly glabrous. ar. 2, hirsuta, Thw.: all parts, also the bracts and calyces, densely appressed-hirsute. Var. 3, peduncularis: leaves not or almost not cordate at the base, more elliptic, the petiole often longer than the blade. 4B.—Not rare in the moister mixed forests, pecially the upper ones, of the Pegu Yomah; Ava.—Fl. C.S.—s: l—SS.—SiS. _ 2. A, tiliefoli Wight.— Toung-ka-cun-kyee,—An extensively twining shrub, a5 twisted and buttressed stems of 3 in. thick- ress, the y oung parts greyish pubescent ; bark rough; cut milky ; leaves cordate-rotundate, on a puberulous or pubescent petiole 1-2 Tv: veins between ; flowers large, showy, usually white or pale pur- Plish, with a purple throat, on pubescent or greyish-tomentose Pedicels 3-5 lin, long, usually by 3-4 or fewer terminating the rt branches of the 2-forked or dichotomously branched more or less pubescent stout peduncle of 2-24 in. in length ; calyx nearly ¥ 216 CONVOLVULACER. [ Argyreia. in. long, grey-tomentose, the sepals elliptical, blunt or somewhat acute; corolla glabrous, funnel-shaped, 1-14 in. deep, the lobes almost obsolete, bluntish; stigmas 2, rotundate; berry entirely concealed in the calyx, the size of a cherry; seeds 4-1, covered with a dense, fine, brown down, hairy round the hilum. Has.—Frequent in all leaf-shedding forests, and more especially in jungles along choungs, all over Burma as far south as Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. C.S. ~ Remarxs.— Wood rather light and useless, porose, greyish brown, the annual rings broad. LETTSOMIA, Roxb. Sepals ovate, orbicular or lanceolate, usually spreading under the fruit. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped, the limb shortly lobed, plaited in bud. Stamens included or exserted. Disk annular. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell; stigma didymously globose. Berry indehiscent, dry or sappy.—Large climbers, with ample simple leaves. Flowers small or large, cymose or capitate, forming bracted axillary cymes or corymbs. All parts tawny-appressed hirsute, the flower-heads spreadingly so; corollaaninch deep -. : : . ‘ ; : . DL. capitata. All parts greyish or whitish tomentose; corolla about 4in. deep . L. aggregata. 1. L. capitata, Bth. and H.f.—A lofty twiner with woody stems, all softer parts densely covered with tawny-silvery appressed acuminate, entire, 4-6 in. long, membranous, densely and _ thickly hirsute from appressed tawny or golden hairs, more or less glabres- Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests, especially the upper ones, preferring courses of choungs, all over B f, i to Tenas- eerim.—Fl. close of RS. and CS ve, Pe aeons oad Ave down od 2. L, aggregata, Roxb—A large twiner, all softer parts greyish or whitish tomentose 3; leaves cordate to cordate-ovate, 00 a rather strong tomentose petiole 1-2 in. long, acute or blunt, — Lettsomia.} CONVOLVULACER. 217. rower ; corolla only about 3 in. long, campanulate-funnel-shaped, with a wide glabrous tube, the lobes obversely cordate with an elongately triangular centre, densely hirsute outside; filaments inserted with a villous base below the throat of the corolla ; berries globose, crimson, smaller than the spreading enlarged sepals (which are lively blood-coloured within) and about the size of a pea, smooth, 2-celled, the cells 2-seeded; seeds smooth and glabrous, greyish. Has.—Ava; Tenasserim. IPOMGA, L. Sepals 5, imbricate. Corolla bell- or funnel- to almost salver- shaped, the limb spreading, angular or rarely deeply lobed, folded mbud. Ovary 2-, or incompletely 3- or 4-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell; style filiform ; stigma entire and capitate or bi-globose, leaves, Flowers often showy, solitary, or in more or less developed axillary cymes, * Flowers salver-shaped, white; stamens exserted, Seeds glabrous 3 of the sepals the 2 outer ones abruptly subulate . I. Bonanoz. Seeds velvety-tomentose ; sepals all acute and nearly conform . Yom Corolla bell-, funnel- or funnel-bell-shaped. X Corolla rose-coloured. Branches terete, pubescent ; seeds shortly brown-tomentose . _—._‘J. campanulata. X X Corolla white. Branchlets 3-cornered and 3-winged; seeds glabrous . . . J, Turpethum. G X X Corolla yellow. § brous ; calyx Scarious, glabrous; seeds softly pilose-fringed . I. ranthantha. “preadingly yellowish hairy ; calyx hirsute; seeds glabrous vitifolé 7 1. I], Bonanox, L.—Nway-hka-sun-d-phyoo.—A large _twiner, a” parts glabrous or the young shoots appressed-hairy ; branches smooth or spinulose-muricate ; leaves cordate, sinuate at the base, 0n a glabrous petiole 1-3 in. long, finely acuminate, entire or sometimes exhibiting a tendency to become 3-lobed, membrana- Psioe 2-4 in. long, glabrous, or beneath sparingly appressed-hairy ; Wers large and showy, white, on thick pedicels about 4 in. long, 218 CONVOLVULACER. [ Ipomea. solitary or sometimes very loosely spiked on the axillary peduncle of very variable (from a few lines to 4 in.) length; sepals glab- rous, the 2 outer ones elliptically oblong, abruptly terminated by a long subulate point, the inner ones about 4 in. long, ovate, mucronate; corolla salver-shaped, with a slender tube varying from 34-2 in. in length, glabrous, the limb almost entire, 2-3 in. in diameter ; stamens inserted high up in the tube near the throat and exserted, glabrous; ovary 2-celled, the cells 2-ovuled ; capsule three times the length of the enlarged broad sepals, ovoid, acuminate, the size of a cherry, glabrous; seeds ovoid-oblong, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the mixed forests and amongst shrubbery along river age all over aap Pegu, and from Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. r. : =O, Has.—Here and there in the 1 d 24 Laake’ chee Yeu oF Cssig_ausg ee ee ee long, the inner ones somewhat larger; corolla funnel-bell-shaped, about 2 in, deep, glabrous ; capsules dry, ovoid, the size of acherry, quite included in the enlarged sepals, 2-celled, with usually 2 as in each cell; seeds trigonously ovoid, the size of a pea, shortly rown-tomentose. Has.—Not unfrequent in shrubbery on the beaches of the coasts of the Andamans ; also Chittagong. —Fl. Fr. G.8, and H.8.—l,—SS.—= 4, um, R. Br.—An extensive twiner, the younger parts softly pubescent, the branchlets 3-cornered and membranous!y_ 3-winged ; leaves varying from cordate to ovate and lanceolate, Inomea.] CONVOLVULACER. 219 entire or rarely produced at the base into 2-4 short lobes, some- times also repand-angular, on a pubescent petiole 1-} in. long, acu- minate, membranous, softly pubescent (especially beneath), 2-4 in. long or longer; flowers large, white, on strong pubescent pedicels about 3-3 in. long, by 3-4 or fewer and racemose, or solitary on the axillary peduncle, which varies in length from 4-2 inches; bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, softly pubescent, 3-1 in. long, deciduous;° sepals enlarging in fruit, pubescent, broadly ovate, acute, about 3-3 in. long, the inner ones shorter and narrower; corolla broadly bell-shaped, glabrous, about 1-14 in. deep ; anthers much twisted after shedding of the pollen ; filaments glabrous, inserted above the constriction of the tube; capsules dry, hyaline-chartaceous, the size of a small cherry, globose, smooth, quite enclosed in the enlarged sepals, 2-celled, with usual y 2 se in each cell ; seeds almost globose, jet black, glabrous, opaque. Has.—Common in all leaf-shedding forests and more especially in the Savannahs and savannah forests, along river sides, etc., all over Burma from saagone and Ava down to Tenasserim.—Fl. R.S.and C.8.; Fr. H.$.—s+L— —— CO, rae & xanthantha, Kz.—U-men.—A large twiner, all parts glabrous ; leaves ovate to lanceolate, rounded or almost acute at the base, on a glabrous membranously bordered petiole 4-2 in. long, upwards and forming a short raceme on a short (4-1 in. long) glabrous or puberulous axillary peduncle ; sepals scarious, glabrous, fully 4-3 in. long, ovate, acute; corolla bell-shaped, 14 in. long, densely appressed silk-hairy outside on the plaits ; filaments inserted with a broader puberulous base to the end of the broad constriction of the corolla-tube ; anthers screw-like twisted; capsules globose, size of a small cherry, glabrous; seeds (quite unripe) fringed along the margins with dense, grey, soft hairs Haz.—Not unfrequent in the mixed and dry forests, all over Prome and Peg less frequent in the drier mixed forests of Martaban—Fl. H.S.; Fr. Probably begin. of R.S.—l.—SS.—petrophilous, CaS. ately 5- to 3-lobed, sinuate or the base, on a spreadingly hairy petiole 2-4 in. long, membranous, more or less hirsute on both sides, the lobes acuminate or acute, or er 220 CONVOLVULACER. [ Ipomea. and enlarging under the fruit, the outer ones oblong, blunt, about 2 in. long, the inner ones usually by 4 longer and narrower, gla - rous ; corolla funnel-bell-shaped, about 14 in. deep, glabrous; fila- ments inserted above the constriction of the tube ; capsule globose, the size of a small cherry, glabrous, hyaline-chartaceous, quite enclosed in the enlarged sepals, 2-celled ; seeds triangular-oval, black, glabrous, opaque. Has.— Common in all forests, especially the tropical ones, and in shrubbery along river sides, etc., all over Burma.—Fl. C.S.; Fr. H.S.—s :1—SS.=0o. PORANA, L. * Style 2-cleft ; all the 5 sepals enlarged in fruit and stel« ately spreading ; corolla small. Panicles without floral leaves; sepals about 2 lin. long, oval, 2 blunt ; cap cronate : y pirate - . P. volubilis. %* > Style simple, only 3 of the sepals Sairly enlarged, erect or erect-spreading ; ers white, Corolla about 2 lin. across; fruiting sepals 1-nerved . P. paniculata. Corolla-limb about an inch in diameter ; fruiting sepals S-nerved at ase : fe ‘ ‘ é é : terminal, slightly pubescent panicles collected into larger ones at the end of the branches ; sepals about 24 lin. long, oboval, glabrous, or sometimes ciliate on the blunt apex ; corolla bell-shaped, the limb 5-cleft, about 3 lin. in diameter; ovary 2-celled, the style unequally 2-cleft ; filaments long, the anthers protruding from the _ mouth of the corolla; fruiting sepals ovate-lanceolate, probably many-nerved, about 4 in. long, chartaceous ; capsules globular, — 2. P. paniculata, Roxb.—A large twining or spreading shrub, Porana.] CONVOLVULACER. 221 all softer parts more or less greyish or tawny-pubescent ; leaves cordate-ovate to ovate, on a slender grey-pubescent petiole up to an inch long, entire, thick-membranous, softly and almost velvety pubescent (especially beneath) ; flowers small, white, on thickly pubescent 13-2 lin. long pedicels, fascicled and forming axillary and terminal grey-pubescent panicles; sepals densely greyish or whitish pubescent, liear-lanceolate, acute, about 4 a line long; blunt with a mucro, about 3-1 in. long, chartaceous, puberulous, I-nerved and laxly net-veined; capsules globose, the size of a small pea, with a thin-chartaceous, sparingly hairy pericarp; seed solitary, globose, black, smooth. Has.—aAva, apparently frequent.—Fl. C.S.; Fr. H.S.—1. 3. P. spectabilis, Kz.—An extensively twining evergreen shrub, all softer parts yellowish pubescent; leaves ovate, or rarely at the base shallowly sinuate-cordate, up to 2-4 in. long, on a densely pubescent petiole 4-1 in. long, acute or bluntish with a mucro, entire, thick-membranous, densely pubescent, especially beneath ; flowers rather large, white, on densely pubescent 2-3 lin. long pedicels, forming tomentose lax racemes terminating the axil- lary rather short branchlets ; sepals linear, about 2 lin. long, thickly pubescent ; corolla funnel-bell-shaped, nearly an inch long, the out- side, especially of the tube, puberulous, the limb 5-angular, 3-1 in. across ; filaments glabrous, short and included, inserted at the con- striction of the tube; style very long, with a capitate stigma ; only three of the sepals equally enlarged (the 2 others entirely sup- pressed), up to 14 in. long, obversely linear-oblong, blunt, charta- _ €eous, puberulous, at the base 5- further up 3-nerved, trans- versely veined ; capsule (unripe) almost globose, the size of a pea, © stylose-acuminate, appressed-hairy and glabrescent. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban.—Fl. March- Apr.; Fr. Apr.-May.—s : 1—SS.—Metam. NEUROPELTIS, Wall. _ Sepals 5, persistent, imbricate. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted, the lobes entire, folded in bud. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 or 2 erect near the middle of the very much enlarged, chartaceous, nerved floral bractlet, 1-seeded by abortion.—Scandent shrubs, with entire 222 CONVOLVULACEZ. [ Neuropeltis. leaves. Flowers small, in simple or compound racemes. Bracts none. Bractlets close to the sepals, leaf-like enlarging in fruit. . N, racemosa, Wall.—A large scandent shrub, all parts glab- rous ; leaves elliptical to elliptically and ovate-oblong, usually acute at the base, on a glabrous petiole 7 to early an inch long, shortly acuminate, entire, coriaceous, 24-4 in. long, glabrous ; flowers small, white, on short, rusty silk-hairy pedicels, ‘supported by a rotundate, acute or retuse, thickly rusty- -tomentose bractlet, forming 1 or 2 slender, rusty-pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; ree ae tilvous.pabeasene broadly rotundate, about 1 lin. , the inner ones broader and retuse; corolla rotate-bell-shaped, ee 3 lin. across, appressed-pubescent outside, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, acute ; stamens 5, Va filaments inserted with a villous base at the sinuses of the lol ovary tawny-villous ; oS 4- or incompletely 6-8-valved, avid globose, the size of a small pea, longer than the rounded sepals, very minutely sat alisetly appressed-silky, inserted with the short none below the middle of the enlarged floral bractlet, which is caetigt y us, 1-1¢ im. each way, cordate-rotundate, more or less at the apex, adnate to the slender pedicel for about one- third ef its length, arcuately nerved and laxly net-veined, glab- rous; seed solitary by abortion, almost globose, black, glabrous. aa ii along oo in es —— forests along the temter slopes of ! e om: apparen mo 1 ged By ea. ne ae | SOLANACEZ. Flowers regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5- rarely 5-10-toothed, lobed. or -clett, rarely almost entire and truncate, persistent or rarely circumseiss-deviduous beyond the base, often enlarging in fruit. Corolla from rotate to funnel-shaped, pute” 4- (rarely 4-10-) -lobed or -cleft, imbricate or twisted in bud. Sta enue and @ connivent, dithor parallel or more usually tapermg UP- wards and forming a cone round the style, opening i 5 or transverse slits, rarely dehiscing along their whole | simple, or with as many lobes as there are ovary-cells. a drupe with a 1-6-celled putamen (or rarely the drupes distinct with a 2-celled and 2-seeded. putamen), or more usually a pulpy berry, or a septicidally opening, 2-valved or at the summit cit Solanum.] | " SOLANACER. 223 anee are more or less poisonous or narcotic. The thorn-apple (Datura) is a violent narcotic when taken internally ; henbane * Fruit a berry, . © Fruiting calyx enlarged or not, supporting the berry. vules and seeds very numerous. Anthers opening longitudinally, with or without apical pores; leaves. pinnati he a See eas A ey Anthers opening longitudinally; leavessimple . . . « Capsicum. Anthers Opening by apical pores . é ‘ 5 * - Solanum, ++ Ovules and seeds solitary in the cells. Anthers almost sessile; ovary 2-celled, the solitary ovules later- ally from the septum ; seeds concave . ‘ ‘ - « Gardneria, OO Fruiting calyx enlarged and entirely enclosing the erry. — 5-parted, cordate at the base =. 320. 20s SSeS: Nicaea, alyx shortly 5-lobed . ; - « « Physalis. * it a capsule, opening valvately. Calyx tubular, longitudinally fissuring, entirely or only the cireum- Cal ekg, persisten’ {tats cepecroye 89h wi OTE YX more or less bell-shaped, wholly persistent and enclosing the capsule = . . ° . ° ° ° 7 . Ni icotiana, SOLANUM, L. | Calyx 5- (rarely 4- or 6-10-) -toothed or -lobed, or truncate. _ Corolla’ rotate or shallowly bell-shaped, 5- or rarely 4-lobed or in bud, Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, the filaments short; anthers linear or oblong, erect and connivent, either parallel or more frequently tapering upwards and forming a 224 SOLANACER. [Solanum. —Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, rarely soft-wooded trees, cnanann or variously prickly, with alternate, but often paired, simple or divided leaves. Flowers rarely solitary, usually in ter- minal or lateral cymes or unilateral racemes. X Corolla more or less pubescent or tomentose outside. © Glabrous or a very thinly sprinkled with minute late geet Spreading, m armed with long, straight, yellowish prickles : leaves acyl sinuate- lobed berries the size of a cherry << xanthocarpum. Scandent, less armed with r oe prickles; leaves slightly lobed ; ovian.t the size of a . &. trilobatum. OO All parts more or ‘es densely stellate-tomentose. + Flowers in a Prickly armed ; leaves more or lias lobed, Jono = ‘ - St Unarmed ; leaves —— hickly tom eye verbascifolium. ++ Flowers in a sisceiud : often “much reduced, rarely + Be ike suite enclosed in the Lise calyx. Prickly edna flowers in a lax raceme; berries the size of a pea S. involueratum. ++ —— tries free, not enclosed, but only supported y the calyx. Prickly armed; flowers in a Rat short raceme; berries 1-1} in. y thick, globular, insta o r puberulous . &. ferox. ickly armed or rmed, thickly tomentose ;_ fertile flowers solitary, the sbute tn mes in a very short raceme ; berries 3-18 in. long, oval to elongate-cylindrical, smooth . S&S. melongena. Prickly armed ; flowers racemose ; berries globular, the size of a pea S, indicum, X X Corolla quite glabrous. ‘alyx 5-merous. Glabrous shrub ; flowers in long racemes, about } in. across ; leaves entire . &. spirale. Herb, — somewhat pubescent flowers about 3 lin. across in umbel-like racemes ften | es ey . &. nigrum. Oo i Cal ~~ i0tee . Leaves entire, Pubescent ; ‘calyx hirsute : ‘ ‘ : . 8. biflorum. Glabrous or r nearly pi calyx glabrous ging - 6 « « & denticulatum. 1. S. trilobatum, L.—An evergreen, glabrous, ae shrubby — undershrub, 6-12 ft. ‘ong, armed with sharp, recurved, pale-coloured prickles ; ieaves small, Selects, irregularly and bluntish 3- to 5- lobed, on a strongly rec recurv tved-prickly petiole $-1 1 in. long, bee : 1-24 in. long, glabrous or often sprinkled with minute stellate fugaceous hairs, fleshy-membranous, unarmed or with a few re- curved prickles on the midrib beneath; flowers rather large across or somewhat larger, pale lilac, on slender }-1 in. lon: Solanum. SOLANACER. 225 sparingly prickly ; corolla shallowly rotate-funnel-shaped, wrinkled- plaited, stellate-puberulous outside, the lobes lanceolate, acute; berries globular, the size of a pea, smooth, supported by the small 5-lobed often prickly calyx; seeds rather large, much compressed, orbicular-reniform, minutely granulate. Hazs.—In the tidal forests of Lower Pegu and Arracan,—Fl. Fr.—Feb.- March.—SS.=Sal. 2. §. torvum, Swartz.—An erect shrubby perennial, often grow- ing out into a woody shrub 8-12 ft. high, all parts shortly stellate- pubescent and sparingly armed with a few scattered, compressed, sharp prickles ; leaves usually paired, more or less ovate, obtuse at the very unequal base, on a stellate-pubescent petiole 4-1 inch long, sinuate or deeply lobed with the lobes blunt or acute, or almost entire, shortly acuminate, the larger ones 3-4, the smaller 2-3 in. ong, membranous, densely and shortly stellate and often scurfy pubescent beneath, almost powdery-stellate-puberulous above ; flowers rather small, white, on slender 2-3 lin. long pubescent pedicels, petioles ; calyx 5-lobed, about 2 lin. long, sparingly puberulous, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla rotate, more than 4 an in. across, stellate-pubescent outside, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate ; tries globular, the size of a small cherry,;yellow, glabrous, sup- ported the 5-cleft glabrous calyx; seeds compressed, almost orbicular-reniform, minutely and indistinctly granulate. , ++4B.—-Common in savannahs, shrubberies, light woods, poonzohs and rub- bishy places around villages, all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Sresnen 3, also on the Andamans, but here introdueed.—Fi. Fr. C.8. and I Seine ine OD, VOL. II. I y 226 SOLANACER. [ Solanum. aB.—Frequent in rubbishy places, and shrubbery around villages, in toungyas and poonzohs, along river banks, etc., all over Burm pesca m Chittagong and Ava down to Pegu and Martaban.—FI. Fr. C.S.—1—SS.= 4. 8. ferox, L.— batelads Leaves shortly petioled, usually somewhat blunt; spikes on very short peduncles or almost sessile; bracts orbicular to ovate, minutely puberulous, 3-4-flowered . : i ‘ ‘ . J. ventricosa. Bracts white, with green nerves, acuminate; a more ess pubescent undershrub < ° . J. Betonica. 1. J. Gendarussa, L.—Bawa-nek.—An evergreen dense shrub, 2-4 ft. high, all parts quite glabrous, the branches terete and thicken at the nodes; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, tapering at both ends, very shortly petioled, blunt or nearly so, almost coriaceous, entire or obsoletely repand, 4-5 in. long, glab- Tous; spikes terminal, glabrous, on longer or shorter peduncles ; bracts linear, 1-2 lin. long; flowers in small clusters ; calyx small, the segments linear, stiff, about a line long; corolla } an in. long or somewhat longer, glabrous, pale-greenish white and sparingly stained with purple, the tube rather slender, upper lip concave, 248 ACANTHACER. [ Justicia. 2-toothed, lower lip explanate, 3-lobed ; capsules lanceolate, } in. long, 4-seeded. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban and Tenasserim, especially along rocky streamlets; also Ava and Andamans.—Fl. Feb.-May.— s.—SS.= Metam. SiS 2. J. Adhatoda, L.—An evergreen large shrub, sometimes owing out into a small tree, 15-20 ft. high, with an ash-coloured pretty smooth trunk, all parts glabrous ; leaves elliptically to ovate- lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, on a 3-1 in. long petiole, 5-6 in. long, entire, almost coriaceous, quite glabrous; spikes solitary and axillary in the axils of the uppermost leaves, on 2-3 in. long, glabrous peduncles; bracts large, about 3-3 in. long, 1-flowered, ovate, acute, smooth, rather coriaceous; bractlets half as long, almost lanceolate, minutely ciliate ; calyx minutely puberous, the segments lanceolate; corolla about an inch long, white, minutely rusty-dotted, sparingly pubescent outside, the upper lip concave and notched, longitudinally purple-streaked, the lower lip 3-lobed, on the fold transversely purple-streaked; capsule 3 in. long, velvety-puberulous, the valves deeply 1-furrowed on the back. — Has.—Ava, Prome, and Chittagong, cultivated.—Fl. Jan.-Feb. 3. J, ventricosa, Wall—An evergreen shrub, 3-5 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, shortly petioled, acumi- nate at both ends, 5-8 in. long, almost entire, fleshy-coriaceous, glabrous and glossy ; spikes solitary in the axils of the uppermost subulate, puberulous ; calyx short, pubescent, the segments linear, acuminate ; corolla nearly an inch long, slender, pubescent outside, white, purple-dotted, the upper lip concave and minutely 2-toothed, a lower lip 8-lobed and transversely purplish streaked on the centre. Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl, Feb.-Apr, PEDALINEZ. elites of 2, or rarely 3 or 4 carpels, but often divided, at least after Wering, into twice as many spurious cells, either W . Gelsemium.] PEDALINER. 249 several superposed ovules in a single or several rows, or rarely soli- ry in each cell; style filiform, with as many stigmatic lobes as carpels or undivided. Fruit dry, hard and indehiscent, or opening in valves. Testa thin, often of elegant structure. Albumen scanty or none, rarely copious.—Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with opposite, entire, lobed or digitate leaves. Flowers solitary in the axils of the . leaves or bracts, or in terminal racemes. Bractlets. present or not. A small order of which only 3 species occur in Burma. (Sesamum Indicum) is largely cultivated for its oil-yielding seeds. Seeds winged. Stamens 5; calyx-lobes free to the base . . . Gelsemium. Stamens 4, didynamous; calyx gamosepalous . : . - Brandisia, * * Seeds not winged ° : ° . . Buddleia. GELSEMIUM, Juss. 2-seriate ovules along the ventral placentas ; style filiform ; stigmas Flowers in axillary cymes or terminal panicles. numerous, minutely tubercled, the wings broad and lacerate-lobed. — Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fr. March. BRANDISIA, Hf. & Th.. _ Calyx bell-shaped, 5-ribbed, almost equally 5- (7-) -toothed. Corolla 2-lipped-funnel-shaped, the upper outer lip large, almost a 250 PEDALINES. [ Brandisia. truncate, the lower deeply 3-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted near the ase of the corolla-tube, didynamous; filaments glabrous; anthers rotundate, 2-celled, pilose-fringed. Ovary 2-celled, with m — ovules along the dilated placentas; style filiform ; stigma ligulate Capsule 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds linear, at both ends elons gated in a narrow wing.—Shrubs, with mE AaTE leaves. Flowers oo in the leaf-axils, the pedicels 2-bracteo . B. discolor, Hf. & Th.—An evergreen, meagre, half-scan- ee sh rub, the younger parts shortly tomentose; leaves lanceo- late, rounded at the base, on a cree puberulous petiole 3-4 ao long, acuminate, 1-2 in. long, entire, thin-coriaceous, glabrou above, beneath shortly tonnes vars ull purplish-brown, on 3 in. long tawny-tomentose pedicels arising singly or very rarely by pairs from the axils of the leaves; calyx 3 lin. long, shortly tawny-tomentose ; corolla ¢ in. long, tawny-tomentose, especially enatts ; capsules oval, acute, about twice as long as the calyx, in. long, tawny-tomentose ; seeds linear, 2 lin. long. — —Rather frequent in the moister hill ee of Martaban, at 3,000 to 6,000 ft- elevation.—Fl. Fr. March.—s.—SS.—Metam BUDDLEIA, L. Calyx 4-toothed or almost 4-cleft. Corolla almost bell-shaped to See ae the limb 4-lobed, the lobes short, spreading or nearly erect. Stamens 4; anthers almost sessile at the throat of the ante or the filaments longer and inserted half way up in ~ the tube. Ovary 2-celled ; style entire, clavate at the apex, t the stigmatic portion thick, capitate or 2-lobed. Capsule septicidally 2-valved, the valves 2-cleft or almost entire, hiding the placentifer- ous column with its inflexed borders. Seeds numerous, SO ina == Flower-clusters sessile, in slender panicl 4 tube ince ges ys panicle racemes ; corolla- : a aetalione vinegars cae tea, in more or les less compact thyrsoid pani an . B. Asiatica, Lour. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 148, t.21, £.45 Brand. | For. Fl. 3 —Kyoung-mee-koo. —An evergreen large shrub, 3 to. 6 ft. high, pecans growing out in a little tree up to 15 ft. the younger parts Mis puberulous; leaves lanceolate to ovate te, acuminate, acute at the base and tapering into a short velvety-puberulous petiole, minutely teotiied: nabenaie glabrous Ss es Buddleia.| PEDALINER. 251 above, beneath covered with a thin whitish or tawny appressed tomentum ; flowers small, white, very shortly pedicelled or almost sessile, in small clusters, “forming terminal and axillary racemes _often arranged into trichotomous, brownish or whitish tomentose panicles ; calyx tomentose ; corolla white, puberulous, salver-shaped, the oe eae 4. or 5-lobed ; capsules oblong, 2-valved, about 2 in. lon Has — especially in mapa toungyas, savannah forests and along river pak. all over Burma an es adjacent provinces down to Tenasserim.— Fl. Jan. -Feb. ; Fr. g? 8.—1—8S.= Ail. 2. B, paniculata, Wall—A tawny-tomentose shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, on a rather slender tawny or rusty tomentose petiole up to 3 in. long or longer, 2-3 in. long, entire or slightly serrate upwards, hac Sige above glabrescent and more or less wrinkled, beneath tawn rusty tomentose; flowers small, sessile, clustered, the andl shortly peduncled and forming a more or less compound thyrsoid y-tomentose panicle at the end of the branches and in the axils of the upper leaves ; calyx rusty-tomentose, about a line long; corolla tubular, the tube about 3 lin. long, tomentose outside, the lobes spreading, very short, rotundate. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl, March. VERBENACEZ, Flowers irregular or rarely regular, pats persistent, truncate toothed or lobed. Corolla 4- or 5- rarely 6-8-lobed, or rarely trun- cate, the lobes more or less 2-lipped, or ved or quite equal, imbricate i in bud, the upper lip or uppermost lobe or sometimes the lateral ones outside, Stamens inserted i in the evil meget usually » OF = or less amphi itropous us and attached laterally or near the top so as to appear pendulous ; style terminal, mt entire, or mati trecently with 2 short stigmatic lobes. Frui t dry or more or less drupaceous, the whole fruit or the endocarp separating into ¢ 0 or 4 nuts or pyrenes or quite indehiscent and 2 or 4-celled, and Coates with an additional central cavity between the carpels ving the appearance of a third or fifth empty cell. Seeds so in each cell or half-cell, erect, usually without albumen. Embry straight, with thick cotyledons and an inferior radicle.—Herbs, 252 VERBENACER. Lantana. ities or trees, with opposite whorled or rarely alternating leaves, entire or divided. Stipules none. Inflorescence various. A large order represented in Burma by about 60 species. By far the most important to the forester on account of teak being included in it. Besides this tree others yield good timber. * Seeds with ee not germinating while on the plant, X Ovules ascending from the base : the cells ; flowers without bractlets ; fruit a fet Flowers in heads or cymes; drupe of tw: L.eclled pyrenes . . Lantana. eX —— apy gargs bove the base or near the ; flowers usually supported by 2 bra actle oy © Cymes involucred. Capsule coriaceous, indehiscent. Inyolucre 6-8- plows sieve: “ sg a 5-12-cleft ; nists: very short ; stamens as many as a-lo Symphorema, Involucre by etl em 2 Tipped e upper lip elongate stamens 4, didynamous ; style ¢c ny, rted . Congea. O O Inflorescence without in Ri he, = sone ec bs int 4, or by abortion T Calyx sd ative orbicular-explanate ; corolla tubular-2-li . Holmskioldia. Calyx more or less cup- or - bell-shaped. , A Fruiting were ot win winged. Corolla 2-lipped . Fy : 2 : : . 3 . Caryopteris. Corolla salver- ere : : . Glossocarya. ing calyx 4. winged, blade ery : . Hymenopyramis. +i fait b indice dry or | + Nut eos pongy-villous, included in vee enlarged : alyx . Lectona. 4 +t an more or Tess sappy or fles shy. as A Drupe conta capes single 4- or by abortion fewer-celled ee Corolla small; drupe small, appr 3 ira in — a " . Premna, i Corolla usually large; ‘drupe large, fleshy ; flowers in racemes, e ely panicled oP ches tot: 4 AA mae containing s as distinct l-celled nuts : xserted. Ke Style « shortly 2-lob || Corolla-tube isipend than the limb. Drupe almost Pine separati oe in 2 or 4 valve-like woody nuts . Volkameria. Drupe sappy, 4- or by abortion 1-3-lobed . Clerodendron. || || Corolla-tube shorter than the limb. Flowers usually panicled ; he eapit often digitate, rarely simple . Vitew. ~ itate, four l-celled nuts . . Callicarpa. * k Fruit a 2-valve capsule ; seed solitary, without 4 integu- ments, sermiating while on the sd —. large, folded . Avicennia. LANTANA, L. Calyx very shortly tubular or almost bell-sha , cee d toothed. Corolla t nia with the % be slightly | Lantana.) VERBENACER. 253 widened at the throat, the limb oblique and almost 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or 2-cleft, the lower one 3-cleft. Stamens 4, didy- namous, inserted and included in the corolla-tube; anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, with a solitary erect ovule in each cell ; style short and filiform, with a linear or obliquely capitate stigma. Drupe fleshy or succulent, usually supported by the enlarged withered calyx, containing a hard 2-celled putamen or dividing into two 1-celled nuts—Shrubs or rarely undershrubs, with 4-cornered branches, usually more or less scabrous or aculeate, with opposite or whorled aromatic leaves. Flowers in dense pedun- cled heads or spikes. Branches, etc., usually aculeate along the corners; nuts, if not entirely, at least at the base separated by a spongy mass . L. miata. All parts greyish pubescent, no thorns; nuts connate in an entire putamen ; : = : : : . : . ZL. alba, 1. L. mixta, L.—An evergreen large shrub with spreading 4- cornered branches, unarmed or sprinkled with straight or curved thorns along the corners; leaves cordate-ovate to ovate-oblong, somewhat decurrent at the base, acuminate, serrate-crenate, veined and wrinkled, above rough from short stiff hairs, beneath pale- coloured and more or less greyish pubescent ; flowers small, chang- ing colour from white and bluish white to yellow and finally to orange and red, arranged in short long-peduncled axillary heads ; bracts linear-lanceolate, hairy, the lower ones of the length of the corolla-tube, those further up gradually smaller and shorter ; drupes purplish black, smooth, the size of a small pea. Has.—A Brazilian plant, cultivated all over Burma, and sometimes like wild around habitations. 2. L. alba, Mill.; Brand. For. Fl. 369.—An evergreen low shrub, with simple or slightly branched 4-cornered stems, all parts more or less greyish pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, more or less tapering into a short petiole, acuminate, serrate, much wrinkled, 1-2 in. long, on both sides scabrously pubescent from short almost greyish hairs; flowers small, white, yellow at the es arranged in dense rather short-peduncled axillary heads on ; Has.—Burma, according to Rev. Dr. Mason (probably Ava). SYMPHOREMA, Roxb. Involucre 6-8-ph llous, spreading, usually longer (rarely shorter) than the contented nual iran Calyx more or less bell-shaped, 254 VERBENACEH. [Symphorema. 5-cleft or 6-8-toothed, or tubular-2-lipped with the lips entire or slightly 2-toothed, persistent. Corolla tubular-salver- or funnel- to obovate, Stamens as many as _gorollatlobes, inse us, indehiscent, enclosed in gay somewhat inflated calyx, l-seeded by abortion. Cotyledons thick, oily, the radicle short, inferior.—Scandent shrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers rather small, in involucred small cymes on shorter or longer 'y .. often collected into larger panicles at the end of the branchlet wolucre shorter than the calyces Leaves entire, short mentose or Gaescins beneath . S. grossum. ok kK ee much longer than the calyces, the leaflets an 0 Ovary meee mr more or less pubescent, at least ponerse ‘aki toothed, like the inflorescence greyish pubescent neath . 8. involucratum. Leaves entire, ta wy or brownish pubescent t beneath ; inflorescence tawny or Pasty pubescent . S. unguiculatum. O25 @ | ee vibecadt or villo us 3 leaves glabrous so; eymes collected into terminal poe Calyx eee eee A corolla-throat ie ous « i . ae. 3s pentandrum. glabrous ; corolla. -throat woolly é . . S. Jackianum. Ll. Sgr , Kz.—An dieepibedi: “eee, sodtitlant shrub, with brown stems, the youn ger parts more or less shortly tomentose; leaves elliptically lanceolate to oval and oval-oblong, acute @ unequal base, on a puberulous or tomentose petiole 3-5 lin. long, acute or bluntish, 3-4 in. long, membranous, glabrous above, beneath shortly whitish tomentose to pubescent, entire or obscure waved ; flowers rather small, but showy, pure white, sessile, im § almost sessile clusters supported by a small inyoluere consisting of Meera sd St ea Oey oe Has.—Frequent in the swamp forests, along siecle in places, not only in the Irr ae valley of Pegu, but also from Tenasserim.—Fl, Apr.—s.—S8S.—AlL. peeling off in little less oa. or whitish stent ; bark eg 3 lin. ticks re wali elliptical, acute or obtuse at the base, on a pubescent at es eee Symphorema.] VERBENACER. 255 lin. long, bluntish apiculate or bluntish, coarsely and irregularly repand-toothed, membranous, softly pubescent, more or less glab- rescent above, 3-4 in. long; flowers small, white, sessile, in small clusters supported by an involucre consisting of 6 obovate greenish then cream-coloured pubescent blunt leaflets of nearly an inch in length or rarely twice the length of the calyx, the cymes arising from short shoots above the axils of the fallen leaves; calyx greyish or whitish tomentose, 6-8-toothed ; corolla-limb 6-8-cleft, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acute; capsules glabrous, enclosed in the inflated calyx. Has.—Common, chiefly in the mixed forests, all over Ava, Martaban and Pegu.—Fl. March-Apr.—s: 1. and 1.—SS.= SiS. All. REMaRKs.— Wood grey, close-grained, rather heavy. 3.8. unguiculatum, Kz.—Ka-nway.—A leaf-shedding, large, scandent shrub, with twisted stems as thick as the arm, the youn supported by an involucre of 6 spatulate-lanceolate rusty-tomentose leaflets of nearly an inch in length, the cymes on shorter or longer peduncles and arranged in loose tawny-pubescent panicles at. the end of the branchlets ; calyx rusty- or tawny-tomentose, varying from 4-5-toothed to 2-lipp ith the lips entire or slightly 2- toothed ; corolla-limb with as many obovate blunt lobes as calyx- teeth, the throat pubescent ; capsules globular, the size of a pea, glabrous, enclosed in the calyx. AB.—Frequent in the mixed forests from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans ; occasionally entering the drier hill forests up to 3,000 ft, elevation.—Fl. Dec.Jan. ; Fr. Apr.—l.—SS.=@ SiS. 4. §, pentandrum, Kz.—A large scandent shrub, with more or less pubescent 4cornered branchlets ; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceo- late, obtuse or rounded at the base, on a puberulous petiole 2-3 lin. acumin 2-4 in. lo chartaceous, entire, glabrous or ng, ate, 2- i ng, aightly pubescent beneath and bearded in the axils of the nerves ; - ec : é ~Owers small, purple, sessile, in small clusters supported by an lnvolucre consisting of 6 linear-oblong or oblong, glabrous, charta- céous leaflets of nearly an inch in length ; calyx pilose, Paoh i bell-shaped, 5-cleft, the lobes 2-toothed, with a reflexed tooth in Sinus ; corolla glabrous. Has.—South Tenasserim. 5. S. Jackianum, Kz.—A scandent shrub, the branchlets pubes- 256 VERBENACER. [Symphorema, linear-lanceolate, sessile, blunt, h tubular-bell-shaped, 10-nerved, 5-toothed, and produced into asubu- throat of the corolla very woolly. Has.—Jungles of South Tenasserim. CONGEA, Roxb. Involucre 3-phyllous, spreading, supporting a sessile 6-9-flower- ed small cyme. Calyx ar, widene he mouth, 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla 2-lipped, the tube as long as the calyx ; limb very unequal, the upper lip elongate, erect and 2-cleft, the lower spreading and shortly 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted at the throat and long-exserted ; filaments filiform ; anthers dorsifix, — 2-celled. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell; style capillary with a 2-cleft stigma. Capsule coriaceous, I- dehiscent, 1-seeded by abortion—Scandent shrubs with opposite leaves. Flowers in small involucred cymes arranged usually im terminal panicles. 1. C, tomentosa, Roxb.—Tha-ma-ka-nway.—A leaf-shedding, © large, scandent shrub, the branchlets, ete., covered with a short soft x tomentum ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, on a pubescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, obtuse or rounded at the base, 4-5 in. long, acute oF somewhat acuminate, entire, above rough from short hairs, beneath shortly and rather softly tomentose, or rarely almost glabrous 0D both sides ; flowers whitish, sessile, in small clusters suppor z a pale pinkish or white involucre, consisting of 3 shortly tomentose or velvety, oval to obovate-oblong, blunt or somewhat acu leaflets up to an inch long ; calyx thickly clothed with long hairs, the — segments narrow-lanceolate and acute, or very short an almost blunt ; corolla-tube glabrous, or hairy within. oe 4B.—Common in all kinds of forests except the littoral ones, all over Sa from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim—Fl. Dec..Jan—l— — oO, HOLMSKIOLDIA, Retz. x Calyx membranous, usually red, the tube very short, the limb large, almost rotate-bell-shaped and spreading, entire or nearly 8% Holmskioldia. | VERBENACEX. as Oe Corolla tubular-2-lipped, the tube elongate, slightly curved, some- what dilated at the throat, the upper lip 2-cleft, with the lobes erect-spreading, the lower 3-cleft with short reflexed lobes. Sta- mens 4, didynamous, exserted. Ovary 4-celled, with a solitary almost pendulous ovule in each cell; style almost simple, with a short lateral lobe. Fruit a 4-or by abortion 3-2-lobed capsule surrounded at the base by the very large explanate calyx, and separating into as many 1-seeded valves as lobes.—Scandent shrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers in short terminal panicles or spuriously axillary racemes. 1. H, sanguinea, Retz.; Brand. For. Fl. 370.—A large scandent “shrub, the younger shoots puberulous ; leaves more or less ovate to elliptically ovate, acute at the rounded base, on a slender puberulous petiole 3-1 in. long, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, slightly serrate, mem- branous, while young minutely pubescent beneath ; flowers middling- sized, nearly an inch long, crimson, on long, slender, almost filiform minutely pubescent pedicels, forming a rather short, puberulous, little-branched panicle at the end of the branches or reduced to short racemes at the end of axillary short shoots ; calyx about 3 in. mm diameter, explanate-orbicular,. glabrous, chartaceous and net- veined, turning green and finally brown with ripening of the fruit ; capsule obovate, 4- or fewer-lobed, black, about 4-5 lin. long. Has.—Dry forests, especially the mixed ones of the Prome district; also Ava,—Fr, March.—l.—S$.=CaS. All. GLOSSOCARYA, Wall. VOL.-TF- R a 258 VERBENACEX. [ Glossocarya. with a short point; capsules towards the apex sparingly hirsute from spreading hairs. Hazs.— Tenasserim and Ava. Fr. Nov.—SS.=Ca. HYMENOPYRAMIS, Wall. Calyx very small, 4-toothed, much enlarging after flowering. Corolla almost funnel-shaped with a short tube of the length of the calyx, the limb 4-parted, almost equal. Stamens nearly equal, inserted at the throat, exserted; anthers erect, 2-celled, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in and resting on a very elongate slender peduncle.—Scandent shrubs, with simple opposite leaves. Flowers minute, cymose, formmg brachiate, terminal and axillary panicles. minute, white, on puberulous capillary short but in fruit very much (4-5 lin.) elongating pedicels, in small cymes arran : brachiate puberulous panicle at the end of the branchlets and in the axils of the upper leaves ; corolla obliquely bell-shaped, 4-lobed ; stamens long-exserted ; fruiting calyx about 4 lin. long, oblong, 4-winged, chartaceous and veined, minutely puberulous ; capswe globular, enclosed in the calyx, pilose. : Has.—-Common in the dry f ; —Fl. Nov.; Fr. URS eeeche Aik De ee PEs OL TECTONA, L. f. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-6-cleft. Corolla almost rotate or funnel 2 shaped, the tube nearly as long as the calyx, the limb 5-6-cleft, — led, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 4-celled, wit” — a solitary ovule in each cell; style as long as the stamens; stigma — sharply 2-cleft. Fruit a bony nut, densely vilious-tomentos®, enclosed in the inflated calyx, 4-celled. Albumen none.—Trees with opposite or ternate leaves, Flowers rather small, in termm™ brachiate panicles, i eee ae TE Tectona. | VERBENACE. 259 Young branchlets 4-cornered ; fruiting calyx bladdery, inflated . 7. grandis. Young branchlets 6-8-angular or rather furrowed; fruiting calyx - ovoid, tightly embracing the nut . : : . . TL. Hamiltoniana. H1s.—Common all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim, especially in the mixed forests, but_also in all other deciduous inks up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. begin. of R.S.; Fr. Nov.-Jan.—l.—8S =o 8. RemMARrxKs.—Wood pale brown, the heartwood darker-coloured, rather light, rather close-grained, very hard, but easy to work, strong and durable, while fresh rather oily, takes fine polish. ©'=40- ak-weight—=190-289 pd. The teak is the best timber for ship and honse-building, house-carpentry. . A good oil is obtained in Hindustan, used as a substitute for linseed-oil in gil yiel ed for dyeing 2. T. Hamilt ; (30—40 4+ 8—15 +3—4), the younger parts all shortly and densely tomentose, the branchlets 6-8-angular-furrowed ; leaves often ter- tomentose pedicels 1-2 lin. long, dichotomously corym and orming a tomentose panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx wny or yellowish floccose-tomentose, in fruit about 4 lin. long, ovoid, closely enclosing the small tomentose nut. Has.—Not unfrequent in the mixed forests of Prome and Ava.—Fl. July ; Fr. Nov.-J as REMARKs.—Wood uniformly pale brown, heavy, streaked, close-grained, and finely fibrous, takes fine polish. 260 VERBENACER. | Premna. PREMNA, L. Calyx cup- or nearly bell-shaped, 4-5-cleft or -toothed, or al- most 2-lipped, with the one or both lobes entire, persistent and a little enlarging. Corolla funnel-shaped, 2-lipped, with a short tube, the upper lip 2-cleft to near its middle, the lower 3-cleft or -parted ; rarely the limb almost regular and reflexed. eae 4, didyna- mous or almost equal, usually as long as the corolla. Ovary 4- celled, with a solitary pendulous or laterally BE ovule ; style filiform with 2 spreading stigmatic lobes. Drupe pea-like, sappy, Sabine a 4 or rarely by abortion 2-3-celled putamen. Seeds solitary, without albumen.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely undershrubs, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers small, in terminal, trichotomous, corymb-like panicles or in cymes oF clusters forming a terminal spike or raceme-like contracted panicle. * Flowers in a petynioer eymes or panicles : ect tie rarely cakes shru mentose or velvety coger wine Stay 5-toothed. a parts stallate-to entose ; oer in pa . P. tom ae kere rh setuacrh; flower eyios e, fae coryinbs : oP, bere ost glabrous = Ss; calyx 4- xX othed. Leaves glabrous, except the — nerves ; flowers cymose, in corym . P. sambueina. xX XX Shrubs or undershrubs erect ; ‘calyx 6 -toot hed, often more or pene Rie leaves toothed, Gui =. % at len : t towards the a abrous ; petiole 2 ong; ¢ bs a a x rec . P. esculenta. Glabrous or the soot minutely — calye gh lea, : $ appearin g merit = narrow rounded cotyiibe wines or less PF, amplectens. All nts softly and shortly puberulous, the leaves while young : . P. macrophylla. en OSs andent shrubs or climbers. Leaves blunt, sabia: calyx 4-toothed co: pee : . BP. ee Leaves es acuminate, rous ; calyx truncate - Ps ves acuminate, more or less aera beneath; calyx’ 2-li pat and rece her P h; caly. rie ee xX Plowers clustered or in little cymes, arranged into more or less interrupted raceme or Leaves siatcoen: or nearly so :lesinnatiae rs sessile or gene Fs so. P, racemose. i; * oe _ Beda. Sylv. Madr., t. 251; Brand. BE» © ae or less acme ; flowers small, yellowish white om minutely tomentose pedicels, forming larger or s i late-tomentose, brachiate, cymose panicles at the end of the re Premna.| VERBENACEZ. 261 lets; bracts linear, stellate-tomentose ; calyx about a line long, 5-toothed, mealy-tomentose ; corolla pilose at the throat, otherwise labrous ; drupes obovoid, about 2 lin. long, smooth, the putamen obsoletely tubercled. Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to Tenasserim, in the dry and upper mixed forests up to 2,000 ft. elevation —Fl. R.S.—l.— SS.—=CaS. SiS. Metam. Remarxs.—Wood yellowish, hard, close-grained, rather heavy and strong, the annual rings obsolete. Used for weaving shuttles and recommended as good for fancy work. 2. P, viburnoides, Wall.—A leaf-shedding tree (80—40 + 10— 15+3—4), all softer parts velvety-tomentose ; leaves elliptical to ovate, on a shortly pubescent petiole ¢-3 in. long, tapering at the 3 in. long, entire or coarsely serrate-toothed to obsoletely serrate, Hap.—Frequent in the mixed dry forests of the Prome district and Ava.— Fl. March.—1.—SS.=Ca8. 8. P, sambucina, Wall.—An evergreen tree (20—30+6—15 +2—3), the young shoots pubescent or almost villous ; leaves ovate to broadly ovate, on a pubescent petiole 3-5 lin. long, entire or re- pand-toothed towards the apex, epiculate or very shortly acuminate, 2-3 in. long, on both sides on the nerves pubescent, otherwise glabrous, rigidly membranous; flowers small, greenish white, on very short pedicels, forming a rather small, divaricate, short-pedun- cled, pubescent corymb at the end of the branchlets ; bracts small, Has.—In moister upper mixed forests of Arracan ; also Upper Tenasserim.— Fl. Oct.—s+1.—SS.=Sis. Roxb.—A shrub with a short stem, all parts narro glabrous ; leaves elliptical to elliptically oblong and often wed 262 VERBENACER. [ Premna. subulate, glabrous ; calyx glabrous, hardly a line long, unequally 5- toothed ; corolla yellowish white with a golden blotch at the base of the middle-lobe, the throat pilose ; drupes obovoid, globular, smooth, purplish, the putamen tubercled. Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. Fr. nearly oo. 5. P. amplectens, Wall.—A leaf-shedding low undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, yearly sending up young flowering shoots, all parts glabrous or the young branchlets minutely puberulous ; leaves obovate-oblong to Ja obovate, more or less cuneate-narrowed towards the obtuse long, glabrous or nearly so, 5-toothed; corolla glabrous, the tube pubescent within; drupes almost globular, the size of a pepper- kernel, smooth, purplish, the putamen thin, obsoletely tubercled. Has.—Common in the mixed eevee, especially in the upper and lower ones, from Pegu and Martaban down to pper Tenasserim.—Fl. Fr. May-June.— SS.=o.—47/. 6. P. macrophylla, Wall.—A leaf-shedding low undershrub, 1-2 ft, high, yearly sending up flowering shoots after the jungle- fires, all parts shortly pubescent ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong- throat bearded ; drupes globular or nearly so, surrounded by the tubular puberulous calyx, enlarged and up to 3 lin.long, thesize of = a pepper-kernel, smooth, bluish black, the putamen tubercled, only = 2-celled by abortion. Pegu.—Fl. Fr. Apr,-June—l—S8.—Dit_La ome ™ = choostiestanag, oung parts minutely puberulous ; leaves obovate to Premna.| VERBENACE. 263 or slightly pubescent petiole 4-3 in. long, blunt or obsoletely api- culate, 2-3 in. long, entire or nearly so, or rarely obscurely serrate, membranous, glabrous; flowers small, on very short puberous pedi- eels, forming a rather small peduncled puberulous corymb at the end of the branches ; calyx puberous, about } a line long, 2-lipped, with the one lip 2-toothed and the other entire; corolla-tube villous at the throat along the insertion of the stamens; drupes obovate, about a line long, smooth, the putamen tubercled. Has.—Frequent in the coast forests of the Andamans; also Tenasserim.— Fl, May-June,—s.—SS.=SiS. 8. P. scandens, Roxb.—An evergreen (?) scandent shrub, all parts glabrous or the young shoots minutely puberulous ; leaves ellip- tical to ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, on a glabrous slender petiole 4-1 in. long, 3-4 in. long, shortly acuminate or almost api- culate, entire, rigidly membranous, glabrous ; flowers small, greenish or yellowish white, on very short puberulous pedicels, forming a short- peduncled, brachiate, puberulous cyme or corymb at the end of the branchlets ; calyx puberulous, hardly half a line long, explanate- cup-shaped, truncate or nearly so; corolla glabrous, the throat bearded; drupes obovoid, about 2 lin. long, smooth, bluish black, the putamen longitudinally striate and slightly tubercled. Hax.—In the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghoo.—Fr. March- Apr.—SS.=Metam. ih HaB.—Tropical forests of the Andaman Islands; also Upper Tenasserim.— - May.—s.—SS.=Si8. 10. P, racemosa, Wall.—An evergreen tree (25—30+ (?)+ 2—3), the young shoots puberulous or pubescent ; leaves elliptically late ‘to elliptical and ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a 4-10 lin. long petiole, acuminate, 3 to 5 in. long, entire or slightly serrate towards the apex, thick-membranous, glabrous; flowers small, greenish white, on short puberulous s, clus- tered, forming a more or less interrupted, short-peduncled, pubescent spike-like panicle at the end of the branchlets; calyx puberulous, 264 VERBENACER. [ Premna. about a line long; corolla glabrous ; filaments pubescent at their insertion. Has.—Upper Tenasserim. GMELINA, L. Calyx cup-shaped, 4- or 5-toothed or sinuate-lobed. Corolla funnel-bell-shaped with an oblique 4-5-lobed limb, the lobes rather unequal, the 3 lower often larger and produced, the 2 upper ones often united in a 2-lobed upper lip. Stamens 4, didynamous, Ovary 4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell laterally attached at or above the middle ; style filiform, unequally 2-lobed. Fruit a ‘fleshy drupe, the putamen hard or bony, 4- or rarely by abortion 2-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, without albumen.—Trees or tall shrubs, sometimes scandent, with opposite simple leaves. Flowers usually showy, in cymes arranged in an irregular terminal panicle or sometimes almost reduced to a simple raceme, or racemose- panicled. Bracts small. * Bracts small and deciduous, green, Leaves glaucous beneath ; corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip short, 2- MU . G. arborea. Leaves villous-pubescent beneath 3 corolla 4-lobed, the lobes almost equal, the upper one reflexed Se i a oe . 2% %* Bracts large and gaily coloured, densely imbricate. Spiny-armed ; leaves glabrous ; flowers large : - . @, Hystria. 1. G, arborea, Roxb.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 253; Brand. For. Fl. 364.—Ya-ma-nay—aA tree (50——60 + 12—30 + 6—}2), leafless » acuminate or acute, on a 2-3 In. much larger and yellow-coloured ; drupes obovoid or ovoid, fleshy; the size of a plum, smooth and glossy, yellow. cE ty hae all — Burma from Ava and Chittagong down to Tenas- — pecially in the upper mixed forests and ‘also in the — a en ee ee — Gmelina. | _ VERBENACER. 265 tropical forests, but rarely entering alluvium, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March; Fr. Apr.-May.—l.—SS.=Metam. SiS. CaS., ete. Remarxs.—Wood white, light, resembling mutchi wood. O'=35pd. Used often for making canoes and boats, also for house-posts, planks, clogs, and for ing i Recommended for furniture. 2. G, Asiatica, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 172; Brand. For. Fl. 365.—A leaf-shedding tree (25—30+3—6+1—3), with a very short trunk and very elongate spreading scandent branches often armed with opposite, straight, spine-like, abortive branchlets, the softer parts villous-pubescent; leaves from elliptical to ovate and elliptically ovate, acute at the base, on a slender pubescent petiole | 3-1 in. long, shortly acuminate, acute or bluntish, 2-3 in. long, firmly membranous, entire, villous-pubescent on both sides, glabres- cent above; flowers showy, uniformly yellow, on short braeted pedicels, forming a rather short, bracted, densely pubescent raceme at the end of the branchlets or on short axillary shoots; bracts deciduous after flowering, leafy, lanceolate, pubescent ; calyx about 3 lin. long, pubescent, truncate, minutely 4-toothed; corolla funnel- bell-shaped, 4-lobed, the lobes ovate-triangular, almost equal, the upper one reflexed ; drupes globular or nearly so, the size of a cherry, smooth and glossy, yellow. -—Not unfrequent along choungs in the swamp forests of the Sittang valley and near Rangoon.—Fl. Ma SS.=All. Lat. p. 3. G. Hystrix, Schult—A large scandent shrub, the younger branchlets hispid-pubescent, armed with short, opposite, axilla enlarging in fruit. Corolla funnel- to salver-shaped, with a longer er shorter tube, the limb unequal and almost 2-lipped, 5-cleft. Stamens 4, nearly didynamous, inserted in the tube and long- 266 VERBENACER. | Clerodendron. exserted. Ovary 4-celled, with a — a ovule laterally attached at or above the middle of each cell ; e filiform, shortly bed. Fruita more or less succulent or 5 ta ow drupe, contaiing 4 or by abortion fewer l-celled pyrenes. Seeds solitary, erect.—Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely small trees, with opposite or eda simple or rarely lobed leaves. Flowers usually showy, in lax cymes or heads, usually collected into terminal corymbose or thyrsoid ‘pani or rarely axillary. , * Drupes dry, capsule-like, when fully ripe separating into : seth ee woody valve-like nuts. Corolla tubular- Unarmed ; yey eins oly minutely toothed and trunc ate. C. inerme. * xk yy An by abortion 1-3-lobed, the nuts ite sm oth. f x Calyx tsiasabe hag 5 short teeth. : oor more or less leafy-bra ns Bainicete or less mealy puberulous; : wers blue ; ever hte : . C. serrvatum. a xx — to the wide or = lowe down 6-lobed: : escent or tome “ ; Corolla-tube ae as long as "the se nicle = small bracts only ; goles entire, softly ee tos . C. villosum. ¥ Corolla- ve se 6 lin. long; panicle sintipicnduily and densely eaves serrate, appressed pubescent . C. infortunatum. Quite glabrous. Panicles terminal, sgprnis elongate . : ; : ‘ . C. nutans. Panicles raceme-like, spreading, axillary ¢ . C. gratum. 1. C. inerme, “Bleu: Bedd, Sylv. Madr. 14; Brand. For. ne 363.—An evergreen straggling shrub, 3 t 5 ft. high, the . 4 ! 7 a . membranous or coriaceous, entire, ares ‘flowers midlling-s white, more or less rose-coloured on the outside, on 2-8 lin. lo ong Var. 1, gerens atl usually opposite, shorter, obovate to any, 0 Whe more or less rounded or blunt, about 1-2 in. Jong. Var. 2, neriifolium (C. neriifolivm, Wall.) : leaves opposite ten fats, from linear to lanceolate, acute or bluntish, 2-4 in- ong. | ss : othe Var. 1: common in the tidal le all alone the const ot nee son Sahai Tenasserim go ianes: var. 2: more sa : Fl. Pe ge All. a shag of the Arracan and Tenasserim coasts. ai Clerodendron. | _ VERBENACEA. 267 Var. 2, ornatum (C. ornatum, Wall.) : leaves broader and of thinner texture ; panicles less mealy to almost glabrous, more lax, and the bracts less numerous and very deciduous. _ Has.—Rather frequent in the low forests all around the Pegu Yomah, also in Arracan and Ava. ; var. 2: ascending into the upper mixed and mixed dry forests of Pegu and Promeup to 2,000 ft, elevation; rather rare in the Martaban hills.—F], July-Sept. ; Fr. Jan.-Feb. 3. C. infortunatum, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 173, t. 22, f. 1; Brand. For. Fl. 363.—Kha-oung-kyee.—An evergreen shrub up to 10 ft. high, often growing out into a little tree up to 15 ft. high, ‘parts more or less pubescent ; bark greenish grey, about an inch thick ; cut greenish ; leaves ovate to elliptically ovate, on a shortly appressed hispid petiole 1-3 in. long, rounded or sometimes cordate at the base, 6-12 in. ong, repand-serrate, acute or acuminate, Y membranous, above shortly and roughly pubescent, beneath more or less pubescent ; flowers middling-sized, white, on 2-3 lin. long pubescent pedicels, forming an ample shortly and appressed- pu nt panicle at the end of the branches; lower bracts diminu- ft. HaB.—Common in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests up to 3,000 elevation, all over Burma from Chittagong and Ava down to Tenasserim and 268 VERBENACER. | [ Clerodendron, the Andamans, freely springing up in deserted hill toungyas and in the shade of village woods.—Fl. Feb.-March.—sx1.—SS.= o. EMARKS.— Wood yellowish white, turning brownish, rather heavy, coarse- fibrous, rather loose-grained, soft, soon attacked by xylophages. 4. C. villosum, Bl.—An evergreen meagre shrub, often growing out into a little tree of 15 to 20 ft. height, all softer parts softly velvety-pubescent ; leaves cordate, on a densely tomentose petiole 3-13 in. long, acuminate, 4-6 in. long by 3-5 broad, entire, mem- branous, softly and densely velvety-pubescent on both sides ; flowers rather small, white, on very short densely pubescent pedicels, form- ing a brachiate velvety-pubescent panicle at the end of the branches ; lower bracts diminutively leaf-like, upper ones very deciduous; calyx softly greyish pubescent or velvety, about 4 lin. long, the obes lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla pubescent outside, the tube about as long as the calyx-lobes or somewhat longer or shorter, the lobes obovate-oblong, a little shorter than the teeth; stamenslong- exserted ; drupes globular, the size of a large pea (unripe green), very shining, supported by the enlarged velvety calyx. re mas ee unfrequent in the drier hill forests of the M artaben, bila re free rin i to 4,000 ost oa Mek deserted upper toungyas, at elevations from 2,00 ‘ : 5. C, nutans, Wall.—A small shrub, all parts quite glabrous ; | _ leaves obovate- to linear-oblong, shortly petioled, acuminate at both | ends, remotely repand-toothed, 3-7 in. long, membranous, glabrous ; | flowers white, rather showy, on capillary pedicels, cymose and form- ing a siender, elongate, nodding, glabrous panicle at the end of the branchlets ; bracts subulate, minute ; calyx ample, deeply cleft, glabrous, the lobes lanceolate ; corolla glabrous, the tube very — slender and at least twice the length of the calyx-lobes, som oe curved ; calyx in fruit stellately spreading, crimson ; drupes globose, _ the size of a small cherry, glossy black. 7 Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—F]. Oct. 6. C. gratum, Wall—A small shrub, all parts glabrous 0F nearly so ; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the 4 base, on a slender petiole 2-3 lin. long, acuminate, crenate, meme branous, glabrous ; flowers small, very shortly pedicelled or sessile, zontally spreading or recurved puberulous panicles in the axils | the leaves and much shorter than them ; ois puberulous, about : line long, the teeth subulate ; corolla thrice the length of the caly%s pubescent outside ; drupes globose, the size of a pepper-kernel. Vitex. | VERBENACER. 269 VITEX, L. Calyx more or less cup-shaped, 5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla almost 2-lobed-funnel-shaped, with a short tube, the limb unequally 5-lobed, the lower oe usually much larger than the others and lip-like. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted in the tube, ascending and exserted. Ovary 2- or more or less perfectly 4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell or half cell laterally attached at or about the middle ; style filiform, shortly and acutely 2-lobed. Fruit a he drupe, the geome separating into 4 (or by abortion er) hard, one- ended pyrenes. Albumen none.—Trees or rarely nang with opposite, digitately . 7, rarely 1-foliolate leaves. Flowers usually small, in cymes, sometimes axillary, but usually collected into’ terminal panicles sah simple and spike-like or branched. Bracts ery small. * Flowers in pan O sig Trae Cert without or only with minute subu- late bracts. All = minutely white or greyish-mealy ; leaves ey at least beneath ; leaflets sessile; flower. Prec $8 orn . V. Agnus castus. As former, but the median leaflets petioluled ; Pac ef Fainting . VP. Negundo. All parts softly and shortly pubescent ; flowers on slender pedicels ; median leaflets petioluled . V. canescens. Adult parts and leaves (at least above) all glabrous ; leaflets peti- oluled V. heterophylla. cpa corolla tomentose ; , calyx puberulous leaflets coarsely nate . V. Wimberleyi. “OO Panicles terminal, with numerous conspicuous ; leafy bracts. All parts more or les ss pubescent; leaves digita ate ely 3-foliolate ; leaflets sessile. Petiole 2s or only slightly and narrowly winged at the apex; panicle cymose-branched ; flowers blue . V. pubescens. ee e broadly nd leafy wi inged ; panicle spike- slike, “interruptly . V. limonifolia. "O O @) Panielos axillary, ¢ elongate, lax; leaves 8- foliolate 5 ; tes sessile, glabrous, the porte ole winged o ey. alata. * oe “he axillary ‘dichotomous cymes. Petiole not winge ub escent ; in —— or tomentose, much shorter than the petiole . V. vestita, All parts quite glabrous, at least when oda ; cymes glabrous, re- peatedly dichotomous, = than the . V. leucorylon. 1. V. Agnus castus, L. (/. iota, L,; Bedd. Sylv; Made. 172), -—An evergreen shrub, small or large, or som etimes growing out ves very variable, digitately 3-7- rarely 1-foliolate on the same or different t plants, on a white-mealy petiole 4-1 in. long; leaflets from ovate and at to ovate-lanceolate and even linear, blunt, acute or acuminate, in. long, entire to coarsely crenate-serrat and almost pifitat Bd-out, on both sides greyish or whitish mealy- oa 270 VERBENACEX. [ iter. puberulous or above glabrescent or quite glabrous ; flowers small, pale bluish or white, almost sessile or shortly pedicelled, in little cymes, forming a longer or shorter white or greyish mealy panicle in the axils of the uppermost leaves and at the end of the branchlets ; calyx white-mealy, somewhat truncate, broadly 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth approximated; corolla twice as long as the calyx, puberulous outside ; drupes the size of a small pepper-kernel, bluish black, supported by the calyx. Var. 1, Agnus castus; leaves usually 5-7-foliolate, the leaflets sessile or nearly so, more or less linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate ; flowers nearly 4 in. long Var. 2, trifolia (V. trifolia, L.): leaves usually 3- or 1-foliolate on the same or separate individuals ; leaflets broader and more or less obovate or oval, sessile or nearly so, acute or bluntish. aB.—Only var. 2: not unfrequent in the savannahs and savannah forests of the larger rivers, as Irrawaddi and Sittang.— Fl. Fr. C.S.—1.—SS.— AIL 2. V. canescens, Kz.—A tree (25—35-+4 10—12+1—8), shed- ding leaves in H.S., all softer parts shortly and softly greyish or yellowish pubescent; leaves digitately 3-5-foliolate, on a shortly tomentose petiole 1-2 in. long; leaflets usually shortly petioluled (the median ones usually on much longer petiolules), from ovate an ovate-lanceolate to elliptical and elliptically lanceolate, acuminate or acute, tapering at the base, 2-3 in. long, entire or rarely crenate- serrate, membranous, while young on both sides densely and softly short-pubescent, above turning roughish puberulous ; flowers small, white, on slender 1-2 lin. long shortly tomentose pedicels, clustered and forming greyish or somewhat tawny short-tomentose compou or simple lax panicles above the scars of the fallen leaves and at the end of the branchlets; calyx greyish tomentose, about a line long, 5-toothed ; corolla twice as long, tomentose outside ; drupes obovoid, Has.—Frequent in th d fi district.—F. Fr. March. Ape) - Bae DE ra dry forests of the Prome distri ‘i hylla, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (30—50 ae : P sie foliolate, on a puberulous glabrescent petiole 1-24 in. long ; leaflets ts the size of a pea, supported by the more or less explanate yx. Vitex. | VERBENACES. 271 or almost velvety panicles in the axils of the uppermost leaves, and thus forming a more or less ample compound panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx 1-2 lin. long, puberulous or velvety, shortly 5-toothed ; corolla 2-4 lin. long, tomentose-velvety. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim.— F 1. May-Aug.—s.—8S.= iS. 4. V. Wimberleyi, Kz.—A small evergreen tree, much re- sembling V. Sumatrana, the young shoots puberulous; leaves digitately 5-3 foliolate, on a glabrous slender petiole 2-3 in. long ; leaflets elliptically oblong to lanceolate, on slender glabrous petioles or the lowermost ones almost sessile and very small, acute at the unequal base, acuminate, coarsely crenate-serrate, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy; flowers small, sessile or nearly so, clustered or cymulose, forming puberulous loosely-bracted panicles at the end of the branches and in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts very deciduous, those at the base diminutively leaf-like, those higher up linear-oblong and passing into the linear-lanceolate, acute bractlets, which are about as long as the calyces; calyx velvety, truncate and broadly toothed, about 2 lin. deep; corolla pubescent outside, the tube short and wide, the lobes blunt, the lowermost much produced, -Has.—Tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl. B.S. put, while young minutely pubescent, with the exception of much bracted, compound, mealy-puberulous panicle at the end of the branchlets ; bracts numerous, leafy, shortly puberulous, ovate-lanceo- te, bluntish or acute ; bractlets conform, but smaller ; calyx ample, _ about 3 lin. deep, mealy tomentose, sinuate-toothed ; corolla 4-5 lin, long, scurfy-puberous outside, the lower large lobe dark blue; drupes bluish black, globular, the size of a pea, seated on the half- _ Spherical tawny-tomentose calyx the oer Bes unfrequent in the bse ee rset upper sie forests soa eae f the Peeu Y: | a own enasserim an the Andamats.-Fl, Jan,-Mzcch.-s: 1. -S8=—Metam. SiS., ete. oo ©:, V+ limonifolia, Wall.—A leaf-shedding tree (30—50+10— 2 9+3—4), the young shoots shortly tawny-pul nt or almost oS velvety ; leaves digitately 3- occasionally 2-1-foliolate, on a leafy- 272 VERBENACEE. [ Viter. winged pubescent or villous petiole 2-3 in. long; leaflets obovate to elliptically ovate and broadly lanceolate, sessile or nearly so, acuminate at both ends, 3-4 in. long, entire, firmly membranous, minutely puberulous and sometimes somewhat. scabrous above, shortly and softly tawny-pubescent beneath; flowers small, sessile or nearly so, in small, much bracted, compact cymes arranged in more or less interrupted spikes, forming a compound shortly tawny- tomentose panicle at the end of the branchlets; bracts conspicuous, more or less lanceolate, leafy, shortly velvety-pubescent, the bractlets smaller ; calyx velvety-tomentose, about 1-14 lin. long, 5-toothed ; corolla velvety-tomentose outside, hardly twice as lon the calyx ; drupes globular, the size of a small pea, bluish black, crowned by fulvous hairs, surrounded by the hemispherical ample pubescent Has.—Not unfrequent in the Eng and dry forests of the Prome district and Ava.—Fl. Fr. Sept.—l—SS.=CaS. Lat. “_ grey, rather smooth, about 2 lin. thick, peeling off in large curved flakes ; beets digitately 3-foliolate, on a slender glabrous petiole 2 Eg. 5 a. eS & n cent a ee n TR g red tae] g =) =) a < & x 4 rs eh a g E cs = entire, thin-membranous, glabrous ; flowers rather small, white, with a golden throat and lip, on 1-3 lin, long, slender, minutely long ; corolla about twice as long, minutely tomentose outside; drupes globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, black, smooth, suf- rounded by the lax almost truncate calyx. Has.—Not unfrequent in the upper mixed and the tropical forests of Prome — and ie Common in those of Martaban and Tenasserim, up to 2,000 it. eleva- tion.—Fl. March-Apl.—s: 1.—SS.—= Metam etc. eet REMARKs.— Wood yellowish or light-brown, clouded, close-grained, rather 2 3 cose ble but strong.— 9 ’=45 pd. Used chiefly for Soodan belle for cattle rely asthe median 1-1} in. long), elliptically ovate to wn, Vitex.} VERBENACEZ. 273 long, acuminate, entire, membranous, above minutely puberulous, beneath softly and shortly glandular-pubescent ; flowers small, on tomentose a line long pedicels, in short-peduncled, tawny-pubescent, stiff, dichotomous cymes, arising by 2-4 from the axils of the upper leaves and much shorter than the petiole; bracts minute, subulate ; calyx about a line long or longer, broadly 5-toothed, puberulous ; corolla about 2 lin. long, resinous-glandular outside; drupes sup- ported by the truncate, 5-angular, spreading calyx. Has.—Ava. 9. V. leucoxylon, L. f.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 171.—Htouk- Has.—Common all over Burma from Chittagong, Pegu, and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim, in the savannah forests, but entering also the other mixed forests.—F]. Apr.-May.—l.—SS.=SiS. All. ; Remarxs.—Wood uniformly pale-greyish brown, rather heavy and close- rained, soft, durable, takes fine polish, the annual rings obsolete. W=0O’= fart rene weight 142 pd. Used for cart-wheels and recommended for re, CALLICARPA, L. t l-seeded nuts or pyrenes. Albumen none.—Shrubs or _ “*€es, rarely undershrubs, with simple opposite leaves. Flowers Small, in axillary cymes. Bracts very small, . VOL, It, s 274 VERBENACER. { Callicarpa. Leaves entire or nearly so Tree; leaves mealy tomentose beneath . ‘ ‘ x eaves serrate; shrubs with 4-merous flowers. O Leaves softly pubescent or floccose-tomentose beneath. Petiole 3-1 in. long ; drupes white : 2 : i ;: . C. macrophylla. Petiole only 2-3 lin.long =. : : ‘ a : . C. rubella. oung parts thinly mealy ; leaves glabrous except the mealy nerves ; leaves at both ends long acu- . . C. arborea. minate _ C. longifolia. 1. C. arborea, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl. 368.—Doung-hsap-pya. toothed-truncate ; corolla while in bud puberulous outside, after- wards glabrous, the limb 4-cleft ; drupes globular, only about a line in diameter, smooth, lilac. AB.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests, entering the drier hill forests, H of Martaban and Ten M asserim ; rather rare in Chittagong and Pegu; also Ava. rs also frequently in deserted hill toungyas up to 4,000 ft. elevation —FL arch.—l.—_ SS. — Metam., ete. 8 gr ses white, rather light and soft, loose-grained, takes good __ &. C, macrophylla, Vhl.; Brand. For. Fl. 368.—An evergreen shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, all parts densely greyish tomentose from short stellate hairs; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, more or f Has.—Ava. 8. @. rubella, Lindl.—An evergreen shrub, 4-6 ft. high, the younger parts densely stellate-pubescent ; leaves linear-oblong, somewhat narrowed towards the rounded base, on a tomentose petiole 2-3 lin. long, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, serrate, membranous) shortly but densely puberulous above, beneath softly pubescen ame = aN eS aaa re Sag oe ae) eke eT Bene = S| a a Serr hh eee oe Callicarpa. | VERBENACER. 275 on a 4-6 lin. long slender peduncle arising from the axils of the leaves; calyx puberulous, about 4 lin. long, shortly 4-toothed ; corolla slightly and minutely pubescent outside, the limb 4-cleft ; drupes globular, the size of a pepper-kernel or smaller, sappy, smooth. Has.—Martaban hills. 4. C. longifolia, Lamk.— ane At cee ae os ASE So ee eee Cinnamomum. | LAURINER. 289 almost acuminate, penninerved, occasionally spuriously triplinerved, glossy, one-coloured, beneath or on both sides somewhat promi- nently net-veined ; panicles short, few-flowered, axillary and termi- nal, about 14 in. long; flowers unknown ; perianth-cup funnel- shaped, about a line in diameter ; berry ovate, the size of a pea.— (After Meissner.) Has.—South Tenasserim. Possibly referable to C. cecidodaphne, Meissn. ie 3S parthenoxylon, Meissn.—A leaf-shedding (?) large tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves from ovate to elliptically oblong, usually rounded at the base, on a slender petiole 3-1 in. long, shortly acu- minate, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, penninerved and net-veined, 3-4 in. long, somewhat glaucous beneath; flowers minute, pale yellow, on slender nearly 2 lin. long pedicels, forming a long-peduncled, slender, glabrous, cymose panicle in the axils of the leaves ; perianth slightly pubescent, the segments about 4 lin. long, oblong and rather blunt ; berry globular, the size of a small pea, smooth, suc- culent, dark purple, the perianth-cup little enlarged and flat, with entire margins. Hasz.—South Tenasserim. ReMarxKs.—This is the so-called Martaban camphor-wood. C. caudatum, NE.—An evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; leaves ovate to elliptically ovate, often somewhat oblique, tapering at the base, on a slender petiole 3-4 lin. long, more or less caudate- acuminate, 2-3 in. long, thin-coriaceous or chartaceous, strongly trplinerved, glabrous, turning fuscescent in drying, the veination obsolete ; flowers minute, on filiform, 3-4 lin. long, tawny-pubescent pedicels solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves; perianth 3 lin. long, tawn -pubescent ; drupes obovoid-oblong, 4-1 in. long, glossy, black, the perianth-tube and pedicel very fleshy, thickened and enlarged, glabrous, up to an inch long, the segments short, rigid, persistent. Hap.—Ava, Kakhyen hills—Fl. March. PHOEBE, NE. Flowers almost as in Cinnamomum, the receptacle shortly funnel- shaped, persistent, along with the often indurated perianth support- ing the fruit. Berry seated on a more or less thickened pedicel. other respects agreeing with Cinnamomum.—Trees or shrubs, ‘ae alternating or almost whorled penninerved or triplinerved ves. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymose racemes. VOL. It, 7 2 290 LAURINEX. [ Phoebe. * All parts, also the inflorescence, quite glabrous A . P. lanceolata, *%« Younger parts and inflorescence more or less tomen- Panicle slender; pedicels as ‘long or longer than the perianth ; fruits oval. A . . : = i : : . P. pubescens. Panicle stout; pedicels rather thick, shorter than the perianth ; fruits globular : . . . 2 : : . P. villosa, 1. Ph, lanceolata, NE.; Brand. For. Fl. 377.—An evergreen middling-sized tree, all parts quite glabrous; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, 4-7 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, glaucescent beneath; flowers small, white, on slender, glabrous, 1-14 lin. long pedicels, forming slender, long-peduncled, simple, glabrous panicles in the axils of the leaves and at the end of the branchlets; perianth glabrous, the segments about a line long, oblong, rather blunt; fruiting perianth and the thickened pedicels a little enlarged and hardened, surrounding the oblong — i ; drupaceous black fruit which is hardly 4 an in. long. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and drier hill forests from Martaban ec.—s. tam. down to Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation —Fl. D —SS.—Me 2. Ph. pubescens, NE.—An evergreen tree (30—40+ (?) +2— 3), all younger parts tawny-villous or pubescent ; bark about a line thick, pale-coloured, rather even, sprinkled with corky pustules and short fissures ; cut dry, pale-coloured ; leaves lanceolate to oblong- oO in orter and rounded ; fruiting pedicels thickened ; perianth per- sistent and hardened ; fruit oval, the size of a small pea, black, os glossy. HaB.—Frequent in the tropical forests all over Burma, from Ava and Chit- tagong down to Tenasserim, especiall 1 acc be Apr. May.—s.—SS.=Sis. Matha. : rs along choungs. P rem eatay yellowish, turning pale brown, rather heavy, close-grained, ages. soon attacked by xyloph dark brown, rough ; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, ona glab- rescent petiole 3-3 in. long, more or less acute at the base, shortly Wight.—An evergreen large tree, with a girth — ta ill i wk tals Pa | oe Phoebe.| LAURINER. 291 and bluntish acuminate, 4-6 in. long, when full-grown rigidly but thin coriaceous, glaucous-green, pubescent beneath, but soon glab- rescent and glaucescent, the nerves and net-veination rather strong ; flowers small, white, on short and thick tomentose pedicels shorter than the perianth, forming rather short and robust densely tawny pubescent or tomentose cymose panicles crowded at the end of the branchlets ; perianth tawny-tomentose, the segments ovate, acute, about 1} lin. long; fruiting pedicel somewhat lengthening and thickened, the perianth little enlarged and persistent ; fruits globu- lar, the size of a pepper-kernel, black, smooth. Has.—Chittagong. MACHILUS, Rumph. Flowers almost as in Cinnamomum, the perianth consisting of 6 persistent, spreading or reflexed segments which remain unchanged and do not mdurate under the fruit, the 3 outer ones often some- what larger than the inner ones. Stamens 12, as in Cinnamomum. rry globular to oblong.—Trees or shrubs, with alternating penni- nerved leaves. Flowers rather largish, forming racemes or com- pound cymose corymbs at the end of the branches or in the axils of the leaves; bracts scale-like, deciduous. * Leaves coriaceous, glaucous beneath. : Leaves bluntish acuminate, with the margins not reflexed. Perianth-segments about 2} lin.long . . . . .. ~~~ ML Indica. Perianth-segments beet Oe ee ee A AE mons, O eaves blunt, oval, with reflexed margins : . M. fruticosa, * %& Leaves acuminate, hardly chartaceous, one-coloured . M. Tavoyana. Indica, Lour. (M. odoratissima, NE.; Brand. For. F. appressed-pubescent and glabrescent, the segments about 24 lin. lo s linear to linear-lanceolate, rather bluntish, somewhat enlarging, persistent, and becoming spreading or reflexed under the ovoid nearly } an in. long glabrous fruit. 7 fet unfrequent in the moister hill forests of Martaban, at 3,000 to %0 ft, elevation.— Fl. March.—s.—SS.=Metam. 292 LAURINER. [ Machilus. 2. M. rimosa, Bl.—A tree; leaves 2-34 in. long, coriaceous, tapering or cuneate at the base, on a strong 6-9 lin. long petiole, acute, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, along with the branchlets glab- rous, on both sides somewhat immersed-ribbed and minutely areolate, glaucous beneath, the leaf-buds oblong, tawny silk-hairy, the scales blunt and glabrescent along the margins, the lower ones broadly ovate, the upper ones oblong ; panicles 3-4 in. long, branched from above their middle, somewhat longer than the leaves, the peduncle rather glabrous; perianth minutely grey-tomentose and almost silky, as long as the hardly 13 lin. long pedicel, the seg- ments oval, bluntish.— (After Meissner.) Has.—Tenasserim. 3. M. fruticosa, Kz—A glabrous shrub, the leaf-buds velvety ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 24-4 in. long, rounded at the base and a little decurrent on the strong, broad, glabrous petiole 2-5 lin. long, glabrous, rigidly coriaceous, blunt and occasionally rotundate at the apex, glaucous beneath, the margins recurved, the nerves and the copious net-veination almost equally prominent ; flowers | Has.—Upper Tenasserim, at 4,000 ft. elevation. - M. Tavoyana, Meissn.—A tree, the younger branchlets and buds minutely yellowish villous, lenticellate; leaves rather thin, hardly chartaceous, elongate-oblong, much narrowed at both ends, 5-7 in. long, on a slender 10-15 lin. long petiole, glabrous, one- coloured, obsoletely immersed-veined, the nerves on both sides slightly prominent; panicles almost terminal, 5-6 in. long, as long as the leaves, puberulous; perianth almost silky-canescent and glabrescent, as long as the 2 lin. long pedicels, the segments ovate, acute, the outer ones somewhat shorter—(After Meissner.) | Has.—Tenasserim, ALSEODAPHNE, NE. ‘ee Sa Sek Pegs Machilus.] LAURINEE. 293 1. A. grandis, NE.—An evergreen tree (60—90 4+ 30—40 +4—10), the young shoots usually minutely tawny-puberulous, the branchlets white ; bark rather even, covered with small warts, greenish grey, nearly an inch thick ; cut dry, brown; leaves o vate-oblong to obovate, more or less cuneate at the base, on a glabrous stiff petiole 1-14 in. long, shortly and bluntish acumi- nate, varying in size from 4-9 inches, thin and rigidly coriaceous when full-grown, glabrous, glaucescent beneath ; flowers minute, on slender 14-2 lin. long puberulous pedicels, forming slender, loose, eymose, slightly puberulous, or glabrescent panicles on long, com- pressed, glabrous peduncles arising from the axils of the upper leaves or crowded at the end of the branchlets ; perianth minutely appressed-pubescent outside, the segments ovate, rather acute, about 3 lin. long ; stamens rusty-villous ; fruiting pedicels curved, up to an inch long, elongate-club-shaped, thick and warted ; fruits ellip- tical or oval, from | to nearly 2 in. long, fleshy, bluish black an pruinose, smooth. Haz.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the southern and eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, Arracan an down to Tenasserim.—Fr. March- Apr.—s.—S$S.=SiS. Metam. Lat. p. Remarxs.—Wood yellowish, turning brown on exposure to the air, heavy, _ fibrous, rather loose-grained. BEILSCHMIEDIA, NE. Flowers usually those of A/seodaphne. Perianth deciduous, the segments usually nearly equal, sometimes minute. imper- taminodes almost sessile or altogether wanting. Berry ovate, resting on the very short, thickened, but not fleshy pedicel.—Trees, with alternating, penninerved, and much net-veined leaves often crowded at the end of the branches. Flowers in loose, usually sit simple, cymose panicles or racemes in the axils of the upper eaves, Petiole $-1 in. long, glabrous; perianth-segments about 1} lin. . blon : : : : ‘ = ‘ . B. Roxburghiana, As former, but fruits spherical . 9 =. 2. +) ee Be globularia, Petiole 14-3 lin. long, thick, shortly tomentose ; perianth-segments ins les. 8 cel oe eee eee 1. B, Roxburghiana, NE. ; Brand. For. Fl. 378.—Shaw-htoo- pen.—A_ leaf-shedding tree (50—120 +25—60 + 4—9), the leaf- buds minutely appressed-pubescent ; leaves appearing with the Wers, membranous and smooth, when full-grown 6 to 8 in. long, ovate-oblong to ovate, bluntish acuminate and occasionally blunt, , on a glabrous petiole 4-1 in. long, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, shin- 294 LAURINER. [ Bezlschmiedia. ing above, strongly and laxly net-veined ; flowers small, greenish yellow, on 1-1} lin. long pubescent pedicels, forming usually short pubescent racemes of the length of the petiole or longer or sometimes twice as long, or occasionally reduced to a 3- or few-flowered cyme ; perianth shortly appressed tawny-pubescent, the segments nearly equal, oblong, about 14 lin. long ; fruits oblong, about 14 in. long or longer, bluish black, pruinous. Has.—Frequent in the tropical, rarely in the moister upper mixed, forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban, up to 2,000 ft. elevation ; also Andamans.— Fl. March.—s : 1—SS.—=Metam. S8iS., etc. 2. B. globularia, Kz.—A trée (40—50+15—30 +3—4), re- sembling much the former species, and possibly only a hill form of it ; the leaves are more lanceolate, and the fruits spherical of only an inch in diameter, the pericarp much thinner. Has.—Rather rare in the drier hill forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation.—Fr, Apr.—l.—SS.—=Metam. at once distinguished by the shorter thick petioles and s flowers.—(After Meissner.) Has.—South Tenasserim, CRYPTOCARYA, R. Br. Flowers hermaphrodite, the receptacle urceolate and enlarging; more or less narrowed at the mouth. Perianth-segments 6, equal or : 3 Dp nla racemes or panicles, the upper ones ofte forming an apparently terminal panicle, Fruiting perianth-tube ‘ Cryptocarya. | LAURINER. 295 globular, ovoid or oblong, having the appearance of an inferior fruit. 1, ] tg 2 Inflorescence and all softer parts minutely och adult leaves glabrous. . ‘ . é : ; . All parts, also the inflorescence, more or less covered with a dense rusty-coloured velvety tomentum ; leaves pubescent beneath . C. Griffithii. 1. C. ferrea, Bl—An evergreen small tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, the branchlets tawny-puberous ; leaves oblong to elliptical, acute at the base, on a glabrous rather thick petiole 3-4 lin. long, shortly acuminate, entire, thin-coriaceous, 3-4 in. long, glossy above, glabrous and glaucous beneath ; flowers small, shortly pedicelled, orming a small ochre-coloured puberous panicle in the axils of the leaves and much shorter than them ; calyx ochraceous-puberous, about a line long. Has.—Tenasserim. 2. C. Griffithiana, Wight.—An evergreen small tree, the branchlets densely rusty velvety-tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late to oblong, on a thick densely rusty-tomentose petiole 3-2 in. long, obtuse or acute at the base, shortly or almost caudate- acuminate, 4-8 in. long, coriaceous, rigid, entire, with the margins somewhat revolute, above shortly puberulous and opaque, turning glabrous and glossy, beneath more or less glaucous, puberulous, tusty-pubescent on the strong nerves and elegant net-veina- tion; flowers almost sessile, densely fulvous or rusty-tomentose, yellowish green, shorter than the lanceolate rusty-pubescent de- ciduous bracts forming a robust, densely rusty velvety-tomentose, bracted panicle in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them ; berry almost globular, about $ an in. in diameter, umbilicate, glab- rescent. C. ferrea. Has.—South Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan. ENDIANDRA, RB. Br. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, equal or nearly so. Stamens of the outer series reduced to a thick prominent ring under the perianth-segments or entirely wanting, those of the inner Series 3, with extrorse or half-extrorse anthers, alternating some- times with 3 small staminodes (but these are often absent) ; glands either 6 at the base of the perfect stamens, but free from them, or none. Ovary not immersed. Berry free, resting on the wholly or Partially persistent, but not or scarcely enlarged perianth.—Trees, with alternating penninerved leaves. Flowers in axillary panicles, Sometimes almost reduced to cymes. 1. E, (?) candolleana, Meissn.—Leaves crowded at the end of the branches, chartaceous, 34-8 in. long, on a strong 4-10 lin. long 296 LAURINER. [ Eudiandra, petiole thickened at the base, narrowed and cuneate at the base, obovate or elliptically oblong, very blunt and rounded or shortly and blunt-acuminate, along with the branchlets glabrous or beneath on the nerves minutely puberulous and glaucous, thinly nerved and obsoletely net-veined, above rather prominently net-veined, and the midrib immersed or impressed; panicles 5-6 in. long, almost as long as the leaves, corymbose-branched from the middle ; flowers unknown ; fruiting pedicels very short and thick; berry naked, ovate-globular, smooth, 9 lin. long.—Very similar to Cyanodaphne cuneata, Bl., but differing by the deciduous perianth.—(After . : Meissner.) * Has.—Tenasserim. TETRANTHERA, Jacq. ters within an involucre of 4 concave deciduous bracts, arranged im short racemes or clusters in the leaf-axils or at the leafless nodes, * Perianth-tube slightl i Mats coon ‘9 y enlarged under the fruit, flat or Limb of perianth wanting and truncate, or very i > um- perfect, and all its lobes or part of Pritt saved i muted into stamens, Stamens 15-30, io ubescent ; umbels solitary in the axils of the leaves 7. tomentosa. dh — neg slightly pubescent ; umbels clustered or in ; Spee ty oe ones ; . T. laurifolia. OO Sia developed, 6-cleft ; stamens 9-12. eaves coriaceous (all th y = se Path (a ese doubtfully refer oe ++ Umb led. ves oblong-lanceolate, very acuminate, glabrous . =. Ss. ZT. Rangoonensis. ++ Umbels song or the peduncle very much Leaves oblong or oval, assis “a , ifoli ; densely fulvous-pubescent beneath 7. longifolia. faye esl ore rounded or almost see at sek: aibean a A Oh cain Mts eee ee ar X X Leaves chartaceous or membranous. TE AEE AES ya eae cee PO GaSe try eee eee Tetranthera.| LAURINER. 297 eo ee - aaa | 4 5 a hairy. — sessile or fascic Leaves from oval to obovate, blunt; petiole re 1 inch long . I. monopetala. Leaves alternate, alae ‘usually nente 0 r shortly acuminate ; petiole usually less than 4 an in. long . LT. amara, As former, but a shrub ; leaves ee or less opposite, usually bluntish-acuminate . ZT. lancifolia, Leaves laheaclate to erthe appressed silky: puberulous beneath . T. glauca. ++ Bra = gai or nearly so on Leaves obovate or boise oblong, bs -petioled ; eee sessile . 7, leiantha Leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; umbels pedun Fag Bs schpanibes * *& Perianth-tube enlarged to a large, fleshy, entre or lobed yp tapering % hick stalk. O Umbel rolitary clustered, or forming a redved um~ aga orymb in the axils wi the leav s not glaucous benea Leaves shortly bognencab beneath and very gee in net- veined . T. Martabanica, x x Leaves ‘more or less g laucous bene Seog tomentose ; leaves tartaric beneath, thie shar . T. nuculanea. Quite sea Saale ; ‘leaves rigidly cori riaceou . Z. myristicefolia. OO Ui seein . se age in cai or shorter axillary + Inflorescence and all other parts quite glab- rou, Leaves uniformly green branchlets sharply an near - «+ D, nitida. + Inflorescence puberulous to es rove. — hen ed zlascou beneath, shortly acuminate; racemes wny-tomentose; fruiting- sag “ahtines berry ae . LT. Panamonya, Leaves whitch or glaucous | beneath and strongly ‘net-veined, shortly acuminate ; s shortened, tawny- pee | flting-cap: lobed ; cesing oblong . albicans. Leaves not ia geen beneat th, blunt or ne early 60 5 short and tom ee ees entire ; pao ae globular . I. semecarpifolia. * Per ‘anth-tube ane slightly a Gear the fruit, flat or slightly con ia leak ah —A tree, all softer parts velvety pubes- cent or tomentose; leaves lanceolate to elliptically and obovate- lanceolate, on a tomentose strong petiole 1-3 in. long, acute at the base, 33-5 in. long, blunt or bluntish ainininate: coriaceous, shortly puberulous above, densely pubescent or villous-tomentose beneath ; flowers small, forming tomentose heads on an inch long or shorter tomentose peduncle arising solitary from the axils of the leaves and from above the scars of the fallen ones. Haz.—Ava (according to Meissner). 2. T, laurifolia, Jacq.: Brand. For. Fl. 379.— Ong-tong, a name given to all species o of the genus.—An evergreen tree (40—60 +15—30+3—5), the branchlets softly tawny-pubescent or minutely tomentose ; leaves variable in size and shape, from oblong-lanceo- 298 LAURINER. [ Tetranthera, late to obovate and obovate-lanceolate, acute to cuneate at the base, on a pubescent or glabrous petiole 1-$ in. long, shortly acuminate to blunt and also rounded, pubescent on both sides, especially while young, or minutely puberulous to glabrous, membranous to thin- coriaceous, especially above elegantly net-veined ; flowers minute, dioecious, whitish, collected by 8-12 in the 4-phyllous tomentose or almost glabrous involucre, forming shortly tomentose or almost glabrous, sessile or peduncled, corymbose umbels of about the length — of, or longer than, the petiole; perianth truncate, without lobes; stamens about 14, alternating with as many or more staminodes ; ovary globular, in the males abortive ; berries globular, the size of a pea, smooth, black, resting on the club-shaped cup. Prof. Meissner has distinguished many varieties. 'The Burmese forms might be distinguished into a form with leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath and tomentose peduncles, growing in moister forests and ina dry country form with puberulous (almost glabrous) leaves and peduncles, etc., the latter growing chiefly in the Eng orests of Prome. Has.—Frequent in all moister forests all over Burma and adjacent pro- vinces; a glabrescent variety in the Eng forests of Prome.—Fl. Apr. & Oct. —s. & 1—SS.—= o Metam. Lat. S78. . Has.—Pegnu, Rangoon (according to Meissner), 4. T. longifolia, NE.—Branchlets densely brown-tomentose, angular atthe end; leaves moderately coriaceous, oval or oblong, acute at both ends, or occasionally blunt at the base or at the apex, 4-12 im. long, on a strong glabrescent petiole 5-7 lin. long, above sparingly and minutely pilose, soon turning glabrous, beneath dense- ‘ly fulvous-pubescent and somewhat glaucous, rather prominently but laxly nerved and net-veined; umbels clustered, rufous-tomen- tose ; peduncle almost none; involucre 4-phyllous, 4-flowered, glab- rescent, about 3 lin. in diameter ; perianth 6-parted ; filaments 9, hirsute.—(After Meissner.) Var. 2, nitida, Meissn. : leaves broadly oblong-oval or obovate, rounded or shortly apiculate at the apex, glossy above, the ™ more spreading.— Meissner, Has.—Var. 2: Upper Tenasserim (according to Meissner). ESLER AE SS Wht ORI Praag coe rare i ene = cag eee = - Tetranthera 5] LAURINEE. 299 5. IT. grandis, Wall.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 12—154 2—3), the branchlets fulvous or tawny-tomentose; bark brown, 4-4 in. thick, covered with small warts; cut light brown; leaves variable, not only as to texture, but also in nervature, usually very large, obovate to obovate-oblong, on astrong densely tawny-tomen- tose petiole 1-2 in. long, acute at the base, 3-14 ft. long, blunt or rounded with a short point, chartaceous or coriaceous, with the ex- ception of the nerves, glabrous and somewhat glossy, beneath shortly tawny-pubescent, the nerves strong and numerous with the trans- verse net-veination between conspicuous; flowers in rather small involucred umbels, usually several together, the peduncles clustered, axillary. aB.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests all over Pegu, Martaban and Upper Tenasserim.—F 1. March.—s.—8S.—=Metam. SiS., ete. Remarks.—Wood yellow with a beautiful lustre, rather heavy, close-grained, very soft. A fine fancy wood. 6. T. monopetala, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl. 380, t. 45.—A tree (40—50+ 10—25+43—6), shedding leaves in H.S., all softer parts shortly pubescent ; bark about an inch thick, pale-coloured, very un- even and rough, irregularly lacunose ; leaves from oblong to oval and obovate, on a rather long (4-1 in.) petiole, unequal at the rounded or obtuse base, varying in size from 2 in. only to 7-8 in., blunt, rounded or almost retuse, thin-coriaceous, above glabrous or nearly so, beneath pubescent, the nerves and transverse veins conspicuous ; flowers small, greenish yellow, forming by 5 or 6 dense head-like involuered um- bels of about 3 lin. in diameter, arising from the axils of the leaves ; partial peduncles about 8 to 6 lin. long, shortly tomentose ; involucre 5-phyllous, the leaflets rotundate, concave, pubescent and ciliate ; perianth 6-parted, the segments blunt, ciliate; stamens in males slender and exserted, in the females short and included, 9 or sometimes 12 in number; filaments long-pilose ; berries ovoid, the size of a small cherry, about 4 lin. long, bluish black, glossy. Has.—Rather frequent in the mixed and tropical forests and along river sides all over i and adjacent provinces.—Fl. pr.-May; Fr. July-Sept.—s. xl. ReMarxs.—Wood white, rather light, fibrous, soon attacked by xylophages. NE.—An evergreen tree (20—30+ (?)+1 +»), 2 _ 4. T. amara, N1 : the branchlets sates or less brown-tomentose ; bark 1-2 lin. thie smooth and sparingly beset with little pustules, chocolate-brown ; ae: es shortly acuminate, firmly chartaceous, glabrous above except on the nerves, beneath more or less shortly tomentose, rarely almost 300 LAURINES. [ Tetranthera. peduncled involucred umbels, several arising from the axils of the leaves; perianth 6-parted ; filaments villous, only the 3 inner ones furnished with a pair of sessile glands above the base; berries the size of a small pea, smooth, bluish black, supported by the thickened 6-lobed perianth-base. Haxz.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and from Martaban down to Tenasserim; also Andamans.—Fl, March-Apr. ; Fr. June.—s.—SS.=Metam. SiS., ete. EMARKS.—Wood very pale brown, turning darker on exposure to the air, — fibrous, but close-grained, rather soft, soon attacked by xylo- phages. Has.—Tenasserim (according to Meissner). 9. T. glauca, Wall—An evergreen tree, the young shoots appressed silky-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to linear, acute at the base, on an indistinetly puberulous petiole up-to 4 in. long, acumi- 10. T, leiantha, Kz.—An evergreen tree 30-40 ft. high, all parts glabrous; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, obtuse or acute at the base, on a strong petiole 14-2 in. long, acute or bluntish, 4-6 about 24>lin. in diameter, glabrous, on strong but slender peduncles of $ in. in | h bellat , f fallen oe gc oo lately arising from above the sears ©: SEP EER Say Ps ‘ SAR ks GOR A Tetranthera.| LAURINER. 301 7 a a la forests of the Andamans.—Fl. probably March or Apr.—s. —D.—NI.. 1. T. polyantha, Wall.—A tree, the young shoots appressed- pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute at the base, on a slender petiole up to 4 in. long, acuminate, membranous, glab- rous, glossy above, beneath pale-coloured or glaucescent, the lateral nerves very thin; flowers small, pedicelled, in small imvolucred ve Vv phyllous ; pedicels and filaments pubescent ; berries almost globular, the size of a small pea, seated on the pubescent fringed calyx, the pedicel slightly thickened. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills. * * Perianth-tube enlarged in a large, fleshy, entire or lobed cup tapering in a thick stalk. 12.T, Martabanica (J. calophyllia, Kz., not. Miq.).—An ever- green tree, about 25-35 ft. high, the branchlets shortly tawny- tomentose ; leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the base,.on a more or less tomentose petiole 4 to nearly an in. long, longer or shorter acuminate, firmly membranous, 33-7 in. long, above yellowish green and (except the immersed midrib) glabrous, neath pale-coloured and shortly tomentose, strongly net-veined between the nerves ; flowers in a bracted small umbel, on a short (23-34 lin.) shortly tomentose peduncle, arising singly from the axils of the leaves or from an axillary short tawny-tomentose shoot with or without young leaves and appearing as if racemose, or some- times truly in short corymbose racemes on a short tawny-pubescent peduncle ; involucre-leaflets concave-rotundate, puberulous ; periant pubescent outside ; filaments glabrous; anthers 4-locellate ; berries oblong-ovate, nearly half an inch long, smooth, fleshy, resting on a rather large, truncate cup, minutely pubescent outside and narrowed m_a short thick pedicel. Has.—Common in the drier hillforests of Martaban and Tenasserim at 4,000 to 6,0C0 ft. elevation —F1. Feb. ; Fr. March-Apr.—l.—SS.=Metam. 13. T. nuculanea, Kz.—An evergreen shrub, the branchlets terete, tomentose ; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a pale tomentose petiole 4-5 lin. long, acute at the base, 5-6 in. long, bluntish apiculate, thick-chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath laucous and more or less densely puberulous, the net-veination etween the rather strong nerves thin but conspicuous; flowers apparently forming almost sessile umbels in the axils of the leaves ; peduncle in the fruiting specimens very thick and strong, hardly 3 _ lines long ; fruits pale straw-coloured, oblong, about 6-7 lin. long, Smooth, resting on an entire, fleshy, large, pedicelled cup. _-Haz,—Tropical forests of Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. March. 302 LAURINER, [ Tetranthera. 14. T. myristicefolia, Wall—An evergreen small tree, all parts quite glabrous; leaves from obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, narrowed towards the acuminate base, on a rather slender petiole 6-8 lin. long, bluntish and often retuse with a minute mucro, 5-6 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, quite glabrous, above glossy and vividly green, beneath glaucous, the net-veination between the thin almost immersed nerves rather obsolete; involucred umbels 4- flowered, on slender, 5-8 lin. long, glabrous peduncles, forming umbel-like sessile or almost sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves ; involucre-leaflets 4-6, concave-rotundate, glabrous ; perianth quite glabrous ; berries obovate-globular, the size of a small cherry, smooth, resting on a large (nearly 8 lin. in diameter), thick fleshy, entire, smooth (in a dried state strongly wrinkled) cup contracted at the base into a slender 3 to 14 in. long stalk. Var. 1, myristicefolia proper: cup-stalk variable in length, usually not exceeding 4 an inch. Var. 2, longipes (Cylicodaphne longipes, Meissn.) : cup-stalk elongated to 1-1} in. length; fruit and fruit-cup nearly twice the size. -Has.—Tropical forests of Martaban and especially the Tenasserim provinces ; also Pegu, above Rangoon.—F'. Aug.-Oct.—s.—SS.=Metam. Lat. p. _15. T. nitida quite glabrous, the branchlets sharply cornered; leaves oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, the net-veination between the thin spreading nerves rather indistinct ; umbels involucred, 4-5-flowered, on 5-4 Has.—Tropical forests in the valleys of the southern spurs of the Pegu Yomah, above Rangoon ; rare in Wictabay ot Aug.-Sept.—SS,.—Lat. p. 16. T. Panamonja, NE.—An evergreen large tree, all parts glabrous, the pea shoots minutely puberulous or pruinous ; leaves elliptically oblong to. lanceolate-oblong, obtuse or acute at the some- what unequal base, on a puberous petiole.4-12 in. long, acuminate, — 2 | bran MaRS ees Sg cee eR hae ee ean th Wer a ig a gag St a Tetranthera. | LAURINER. 303 3-1 ft. long, thin-coriaceous, minutely puberous, but soon quite glabrous, glaucous beneath ; flowers yellowish, in involucred tawny- pubescent umbels forming long, tawny-puberulous or pubescent racemes springing either singly or more usually by pairs from the axils of the leaves or from above the scars of the fallen ones ; pedun- cles tomentose, 2-3 lin. long ; involucre-leaflets rotundate, concave, rusty-pubescent ; perianth densely rusty-pubescent, 6-parted ; fila- ments hirsute at the base; berries broader than long and almost didymous, the size of a pea, 2-seeded, seated on an entire, small, cup-like expansion of the perianth-base. Has.—Tenasserim, apparently frequent.—Fl. Feb. 17. T. albicans, Kz.—An evergreen tree (20—25 + (?) +1), the young shoots minutely puberulous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, narrowed at the base, on a slender almost glabrous petiole 5-8 lin. long, shortly acuminate, chartaceous or thin-coriaceous, 6-10 in. long, glabrous, beneath whitish, the net-veination between _ the thin prominent nerves thin but conspicuous ; umbels involucred, velvety-tomentose, on slender greyish-tomentose peduncles about 4 lin. long, forming a shortened or almost sessile velvety-tomentose- raceme in the axils of the leaves or more usually above the scars of the fallen ones ; involucre-leaflets greyish velvety ; fruits resting on a large, fleshy, waved-lobed cup narrowed into a thick pedicel. HaB.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, along choungs.—Fl. Apr.—s.—SS.—SisS. RemMarxKs.— Wood soft, white. _ 18. T. semecarpifolia, Wall—An evergreen tree, 25 to 30 ft. high, the branchlets more or less shortly tawny-pubescent; bark about $ in. thick, corky-rough, grey; cut pale, dry ; leaves from broadly elliptical-oblong to obovate-oblong, 6-7 in. long, some- what acute at the base, on a strong slightly puberulous petiole 6 to 8 lin. long, blunt or obsoletely apiculate, rigidly coriaceous, lively green and glabrous above, beneath minutely puberulous and trans- versely veined between the numerous strong nerves; umbels on short (in fruit hardly 3 lin. long) densely greyish-puberulous pedun- cles, forming a-short tomentose raceme above the scars of the fallen leaves ; berries almost the-size of a small cherry, somewhat depressed-globular, smooth, resting on an entire, large, fleshy cup 7 aap pubescent outside and contracted into a short and thick the damp valleys along the eastern s SB) Beton, Sis. . Remarxs.—Wood yellowish or pale brown, soft. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban, rare in those of bow of the Pegu Yomah.—Fr. Apr.—s.— 304 LAURINEX. [ Dodecadenia. DODECADENIA, NE. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary in the imbricately scaled leaf- buds. Calyx 6-8-parted, the lobes nearly equal and deciduous. Fertile stamens 12-15, all introrse, the outer 6 or 9 glandless, the capitate stalked glands; anthers 4-locellate. Ovary pubescent ; style short with a funnel-shaped-toothed shaggy stigma. Berry ovate, resting on the flat base of the calyx continuous with the thickened duncle.—Trees, with scattered penninerved leaves, the buds imbricately scaled ; flower-buds axillary and often solitary. 1. D. diflora NE. —An evergreen tree, the leaf-buds appressed-pubescent ; leaves oblong- to Peas ance tS: acute at the base, on a slender petiole up to 4} in. long, acuminate or acute, 2-33 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers-clusters densely imbri- cate-scaled, sessile, pubescent, axillary and solitary, the scales appressed- silky ; 3 berries ovate, about 2-3 lin. long. Has.—Ava, Khakyen hills.—Fl. March. LITSAEA, a: Flowers dioecious.. Perianth 4-6-cleft, = tube shortly obconical, ! the lobes almost equal, deciduous. Fertile stamens 6 or 9 (in the female flowers often 4-6, ligulate and seine the inner ones 2- glandular ; anthers 4- locellate, all introrse. Ovary (in the males rudimenta: ree. Berry resting on a cu up-shaped or almost flat = S o f — ee dD gS Branchlets tomentose ; leaves 4-44 in, long (doubtful species . L. concolor. Branchlets and shoots — eae we vill a leaves = . ong, very 800 . L. angustifolia. As pees but leaves L i ft. g fe elongate, also when ‘adult . L. macrophylla. or Zeave ns alternate, triplinerved shoes he base penninerved further u _ Leaves, ete, 2 naag ‘elbros flowers in short tawny-tomentose Lea ee lab ea | Ves, te gla rou, glaucous beneath ; flowers in seasile — umbels . L. foliosa. — sy 1. L. concolor ‘tdtthadiplad” conco slob , NE. ).=A 4ree, Te Ge branchlets tomentose from rusty-coloured short hairs ; leaves | Intsaea. | LAURINER. 305 whorled, rather rigidly chartaceous or almost coriaceous, narrowed and acute at the base, elliptical or oblong, rather bluntish acuminate, beneath pale-coloured, but hardly glaucous, 4-44 in. long, on a petiole hardly § an in. long, above immersed-ribbed and glabrous, beneath minutely scabrous; flowers clustered, rusty silk-hairy. — (After Meissner.) Has.—Tenasserim. 2. L. angustifolia (Actinodaphne angustifolia, NE.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 186).—An evergreen large tree, the young shoots densely tawny or ochraceous-villous; leaves crowded at the end of cous beneath, 6-8 in. long (in young plants considerably larger) ; owers small, villous, umbellate, on very short tawny-villous pedun- cles usually several together clustered in the axils of the leaves, the umbels not exceeding the length of the petiole; pedicels in fruit 2-3 lin. long; male flowers simply clustered ; filaments pilose ; berry obovate-globular, the size of a pea, 2-seeded, resting on a somewhat concave cup shortly tomentose outside. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah and from Mar- taban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Aug.; Fr. March.—s.—SS.— SiS. Metam. 3. L fulvous or tawny villous; leaves crowded at the end of the branch- lets, 1-14 ft. long, elongate-lanceolate to elongate-oblong-lanceolate, veined between the stron nerves, more or less tawny-pubescent ny slightly glaucous beneath, glossy above ; male flowers clustered, e : i clustered in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels in fruit 2-24 lin. long, thick, tomentose ; berries resting on a fleshy little concave cup. HaB.—Tenasserim, © I, leiophylla, Kz.—An evergreen tree, all parts, except the rescence, quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-63 in. long, acuminate and somewhat unequal at the base, on a = slender glabrous petiole 1-1} in. long, slightly and blunt acuminate, nlaceous, quite glabrous, glossy above, beneath slightly or triplinerved and penninerved, the net-veination very thin-co : itd eater Sd8olete ; flowers on short tomentose pedicels, tawny-villous, forming VOL. II, , U 306 LAURINEE. [ Litsaea. short, tawny-villous, simple racemes in the axils of ‘the leaves and shorter than the petiole; filaments glabrous. Has.—Probably Tenasserim. 5. L. foliosa, NE.—An evergreen tree (40—50-+ (?) + 3—4), all parts quite glabrous; bark grey ; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, more or less acuminate at the base, on a slender glabrous petiole 6-7 lin. long, bluntish acuminate, 3-43 in. long, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, more or less glaucous beneath, triplinerved, with 2 3 nerves at each side, the nerves prominent above, beneath less so and the net-veination almost obsolete ; inflorescence while in bud almost Has.—Not unfrequent in the damp hill forests of the Martaban hills east -r ae at 3,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation; also Chittagong.—s.—SS.—= etam. ReEMARKS.— Wood white. ET a esnae A Te RE NAPS aN Nee DAPHNIDIUM, NE. vanes dioecious. Perianth 6-lobed, the tube shortly obeonical. Ee SIP Ne ee Stamens 9, the 3 innermost ones 2-clandular; anthers (in the females abortive) all 2-celled. Ovary in the males rudimentary. Berry seated on an entire receptacle or supported by the 6-lobed - perianth, the pedicels thickened upwards.—Trees or shrubs, wit alternate triplinerved or rarely penninerved leaves. Inflorescence in bud concealed in the scaly almost sessile axillary bud-scales; flowers clustered or fascicled, very rarely solitary, sometimes i almost umbellate with a 4-leaved proper involucre. x Leaves triplinerved. Leaves glabrous, glaucous beneath oboe eee Dea Leaves densely and shortly tawny-pubescent beneath . @ . D. eaudatum. Xx X Leaves penninerved, e Leaves beautifully appressed silvery-pubescent beneath ; flowers in very short racemes. : . . é ° . . . D. argenteum. at se, etiole ‘5-7 lin. long, long and almost caudate-acuminate, firmly charta- Daphnidium.) LAURINER. 307 ceous, 5-6 in. long, glabrous or the ribs towards'the base puberu- lous, 3-nerved or triplinerved, glaucous beneath, the transverse Hap.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, up to 6,000 ft. elevation.—l.—SS.—Metam. 2. D. caudatum, NE.—An evergreen tree (25—30+8—12+ 2—3), all parts more or less shortly tomentose ; leaves lanceolate to versely veined between the tawny-pubescent nerves ; flowers minute, tracted, almost sessile, forming dense, small, rusty- or tawny-tomen- tose clusters in the axils of the leaves; filaments slender, pubes- cent; berries globular, the size of a pea, supported by the 6-parted spreading perianth resting on a 1-14 lin. long pedicel hardly thickened at the apex. Has.—Common in the drier hill forests of Martaban and Tenasserim, at elevations above 4,000 ft.—Fl. March.—l.—SS.—Metam. : 3. D. argenteum, Kz.—A leaf-shedding tree (30-—40+10— 154+3—5), the young shoots silvery silk-hairy; bark grey, 4 + in. thick, brittle, roughish from minute pieces peeling off ; cut brown, dry ; leaves lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, on an appressed silvery-pubescent glabrescent petiole 3 to 5 lin. long, 34-64 in. long, firmly membranous, glabrous above, beneath appressed silvery-pubescent, penninerved, on both sides laxly net-veined 3; flowers greenish yellow, on very short tomentose pedicels, forming a short densely tomentose raceme at the base mvoluered by the pubescent concave bracts and while in bud form- mg globular, pubescent, imbricate-bracted buds; perianth 6-cleft, appressed-pubescent outside ; anthers 2-celled, the filaments almost glabrous, Has.—No i low and Eng forests of the eastern slopes of the Pagu Yomuah and fu Martebee,--FL. Marche te SSecbat, Motasn Arg. . REMaRrKs.—Wood y wish, turning pale-greyish brown, rather heavy, fibrous, rather slldaaptidenk: tolerably adit soe stacked by xylophages. 7 LINDERA, Thbg. Flowers dioecious, the perianth 4- or 6-parted, deciduous, Sta- 308 LAURINES. [Lindera. Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, with penninerved or tri- plinerved simple or 3-lobed leaves, the leaf-buds completely or in- completely enveloped by scales. Flowers forming clustered, pedun- cled, small umbels or clusters surrounded by a 4-leaved deciduous involucre, the female flowers sometimes solitary. * Leaves chartaceous or almost coriaceous, elegantly and prominently net-veined, the reticulations narrow Peduncles slightly pubescent, nearly an inch long; perianth pubes. cen’ . . : ; * ‘ ; ‘ : . L. Assamica. Peduncles quite glabrous, 3-4 lin, long; perianth glabrous ‘ . L. nervosa. Leaves membranous, very laaly reticulate; all parts glabrous . . <3 z = s : . L. Neesiana. 1. L. Assamica ( Aperula Assamica, Meissn.).—A tree, the young branchlets sparingly tawny-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, on a slender petiole about 3 in. long, acuminate at the base, 4-5 in. long, caudate-acuminate, rigidly chartaceous, somewhat waved along Pes a oN ge forests of Arracan and Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. ro STENTS St ae Lindera.] LAURINEA, 309 3. L. Neesiana (Aperula Neesiana, Bl.).—A_ leaf-shedding (?) tree (25—30+ (?) +14—24), all parts quite glabrous and highly aromatic ; leaves variable, from ovate-lanceolate and almost lanceo- —Not unfrequent in the drier hill forests from Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim, at 4,000 to 5,000 ft. elevation—FI. Feb.; Fr. Apr.—l.— S.=Metam. Remarxs.—Yields excellent sassafras. HERNANDIA, L. Flowers monoecious. Perianth-segments in two series, all val- vate in bud, the rows in the males consisting each of 3 or 4, in the females of 4 or 5 segments. Males: stamens as many as outer perianth-segments and opposite to them, at the base usually 2- rarely 1-glandular; anthers 2-celled, introrse, the valves separating ‘aterally from the inner to the outer edge. Female flowers inserted i a cup-shaped or lobed involucel ; glands or staminodes as many as outer perianth-segments and opposite to them. Ovary inferior, fleshy ; style short, thick, with a dilated irregularly toothed or lobed stigma. Fruit somewhat fleshy or coriaceous, indehiscent, enclosed m the enlarged fleshy involucel. Seeds globose, without albumen. Embryo with thick, fleshy, deeply lobed cotyledons.—Trees, with alternate, peltate, or palmately nerved leaves. Flowers in loose peduncled lateral panicles, the branchings of which terminate in an mvolucre of 4 or 5 whorled bracts enclosing 3 flowers (the central ower female, sessile within the cup-shaped involucel, the 2 lateral _ ones male and pedicelled). : 1. H, peltata, Meissn.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 300.—An ever- Sreen tree (40—50+25—20+4 5—12), all parts glabrous; leaves broadly ovate or rotundate-ovate, peltate, sinuate at the base, on a 3-5 in. long petiole, acute or shorlty acuminate, palmately nerved, 310 LAURINER. [Hernandia. 6-8 in. long by 44 to 6 broad, membranous, glossy above, glabrous, very laxly net-veined ; flowers white, rather conspicuous, forming lateral, peduncled, minutely puberulous corymbs ; perianth minutely velvety, the lobes oblong, nearly 2 lin. long; males with 3 stamens and 6 perianth-lobes, females with 4 large glands round the ovary, — and with 8 perianth-lobes, but no stamens; fruit dry, about an inch long, more or less distinctly 8-ribbed and umbilicate, completely enclosed in the inflated and enlarged, almost globular, fleshy, white Revolaneh of about 14 in. in diameter, terminated by a circular entire orifice. Has.—Common in the beach forests all along the coast of the Andamans.— FL. March-Apr.; Fr. Jan.-Feb,—SS.—Aren. Ca. Remarxs.—Wood so very light and takes fire so readily that it might be used for tinder. PROTEACE. “Upon the whole, the order must be re ed as one of the most : useless to man, notwithstanding the beauty of the flowers and — foliage of so many species. HELICIA, Lour. ie Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, Helicia.| PROTEACER. 3il the blades small, the segments all much revolute when separating. Anthers on short filaments inserted a little below the blades, the connective produced into a short appendage. Hypogynous glands equal, distinct or united in a ring or cup round the ovary. ai with 2 ascending ovules laterally attached near the base, sessile, with a long straight style, slightly thickened at the end, the stigma terminal. Drupe nearly globular, the endocarp granular-fleshy. Seeds hemispherical or globular, the testa veined or wrinkled. Cotyledons thick and fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, with alternating, entire or toothed leaves. Flowers by pairs, in simple, axillary or terminal racemes, the pedicels often more or less connate. Bracts very deciduous. * Inflorescence axillary or lateral ; leaves more or less acu- * minate, apiculate or bluntish. O Racemes glabrous or nearly s 0. Lea entire, acuminate at the base and almost decur- ves serrate, on thick 2-3 lin. long petioles; scales united in a sis. 4-toothed cu * . . H. robusta. Ovary eau: scales not known : . HB. pyrrhobotrya. Ovary rusty-hirsute ; scales smooth, distinct . H. excelsa. Ovary oe scales puberulous, distinct . is . . A. salicifolia. * *& Inflorescence terminal, glabrous ; leaves entire, retuse . Hi. terminalis. 1. H. Cochinchinensis, Lour.—An evergreen tree (40+ (?)+3 —4) , all parts quite glabrous ; leaves from obovate-oblong to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate and somewhat decurrent at the base, on a glabrous petiole 4-2 in. long, shortly and rather bluntish acuminate, 4-5 in. long, thin-coriaceous, toothed-serrate, or occasionally more or less entire, glabrous ; flowers yellowish, 5-6 ln. long, glabrous, Y pairs, on short glabrous pedicels, forming longer or shorter glabrous racemes in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones; hypogynous scales 4, free or nearly so, smooth ; ovary smooth, about 4 to 1 in. in diameter, ovoid-globular, not or indistinctly narrowed at the base. Has.—Common in the drier hill forests of Martaban, at 5,000 to 7,000 ft. elevation.— Fl. March._—1.—SS.—=Metam. 312 PROTEACER. | Helicia. forming a long, slender, quite glabrous raceme in the axils of the leaves ; perianth-segments all glabrous and at length revolute to the base, the tube in bud very slender; hypogynous glands forming a 4-toothed cup, or one or a few of them remaining free, glabrous ; ovary glabrous ; drupes about an inch in diameter, unequally globu- lar, and at the base contracted into a thick and fleshy stalk, api- culate, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in the drier and damp hill forests from Martaban down to Tenasserim, at elevations from 2, to 4,000 ft.—Fl. end of R.S.; Fr. March- Apr.—l+s.—SS.—=Metam. 3. H. pyrrhobotrya, Kz.—Probably a tree, very similar to the above, the young shoots rusty-villous; leaves obovate-lanceo- ate, narrowed towards the obtuse base, on a thick 2-5 lin. long petiole, shortly acuminate, about a foot long, chartaceous, coarsely serrate, when full-grown glabrous or sparingly rusty pubescent along the midrib beneath ; flowers 1 to 14 in. long, by pairs, on strong 13 lin. long rusty-villous pedicels, forming about a foot long robust, densely rusty-villous racemes in the axils of the leaves ; hypogynous scales...; ovary and style smooth and glabrous. Haz.—In the damp hill forests of the Martaban hills, at 4,000 ft. elevation. —SS.—=Metam. 4. H. excelsa, Bl.—An evergreen large tree with a girth of about 4 ft., the young shoots rusty-villous ; bark rough, dark- coloured ; leaves obovate-cuneate, acuminate at the base and almost decurrent on about a } in. long petiole, shortly and bluntish acumi- nate, 4-6 in. long, sparingly but coarsely serrate towards the apex, of a firm texture, polished above; flowers yellowish green, about $ in. long, with the tube usually straight, by pairs, on short rusty-villous pedicels, forming terminal and axillary densely rusty-villous racemes of about the length of the leaves; hypogynous scales 4, distinct, rotundate, smooth ; ovary densely rusty-villous. Has.—Chittagong and Tenasserim.—F. March-Apr. 5. H, salicifolia, Prsl.—aA tree (?), the young branchlets quite glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed into a very short (2-3 lin.) Siiwilet pS Sore ii See) hs Eta ee ak | ac a Bie (hi ee RS cea Sk the leaves, shortly rusty-tomentose ; bracts about a line long, linear, very acute, and along with the pedicels and perianth tomen- tose; hypogynous scales 4, distinct, ovate, rounded, puberulous outside ; ovary rusty-hirsute, Has.—Tenasserim. _ 6. H. terminalis, Kz.—An ever een tree (?), all parts glab or nearly so; leaves obversely cha acuminate at the base and Felicia. | PROTEACER. 313 tapering on the 3 to 5 lin. long gion petiole, 3 to 5 in. long, retuse with a minute mucro, entire or somewhat waved, charta- style glabrous. Has.—Ava, Kakhyen hills.—Fl. May. LORANTHACEA, Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb with as many lobes or teeth as petals, or form- ing an entire border, or none. Petals or perianth-segments (when the calyx is inconspicuous) 4-6 or rarely more, usually 5 or 6, free or united in a lobe “! corolla, inserted round an epigynous disk, val- vate, rarely wantin Stamens as many as petals, opposite to, and with a single edad sateen. Albumen “fechy ; cotyledons 2- 4, semiterete, fleshy. Embryo fungiform, straight, with a superior: radicle.—Parasitical shrubs, usually much branched, very rarely terrestrial shrubs or trees, ‘with opposite or rarely alternate a leaves, sometimes the leaves reduced to mere scales, or wanting. Bracts usually present, rarely wanting ; bractlets 2, close under the ower, parioae or united in a cup, sometimes wanting. r of no economical value, containing about 23 Burmese Species, "All the species are more or less injurious to tree-growth on nay of their parasitism. The bark is usually astringent. Bird- is made from the berries of mistletoe and several Loranthi. a well ps the lobes more or less united, rarely free ; albumen perf . Loranthus, Floral parts sedosk: = an apparently ‘simple’ perianth ; albumen solid ; Sere ad inwards in several pores ; flowers clus- te $0) =» Vine, Anthers 0 Senin in bi Senigthodigsl slits ; flowers spiked . . Ginalloa. LORANTHUS, L. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-limb inconspicuous, truncate or toothed. Petals 4-8, free or more or less united in a tubular corolla, tarely free, spemtiog or reflexed at the apex. Stamens inser = the base o the petals; filaments distinct ; anthers adnate or = . $14 LORANTHACER. [ Loranthus. versatile, the parallel om opening longitudinally. Style filiform with a terminal stig Seeds albuminous, the albumen green, z —— — or © Ganake: enclosing the embryo i in its tube. " Embr , spindle-shaped, the radicle superior. Fruit a berry, pores crowned with the calyx-limb.—Parasitical shrubs, with opposite rarely alternate leaves. Flowers in axillary or termi- ce nal racemes, cymes, or solitary, with or without 2 distinct or united 4 bractlets close under the calyx ; bract usually present. * ant _— —. like, forming either a Fie 4.-6-leaved soles ted % ina «ton daa Leaves platoons salys 8 eerie hitish, hairy ; involucre * lowered and 4- -leaved, the Ieiihahe free and as long as the flow . LZ. involucratus, + < praise iaite or small supporting each single flower. O Lach flower 3-brae » L béract and 2 bractlets Be Sree, or united at the sp 2 + Corolla 6-lobed, the tube inflated, short and “ aight. - wers sessile, i in short spikes Corolla greenish white, 5 lin. long, —_ ns base urceolate-inflated . L. globosus. As former, but << wpe ta an i . DL, subglobosus. Bo SEE, , e ‘short racem Corolla eens Pati: the tube sting apeeigty —— in the PS eS EEL Sy eke Ie Lhe, limb inflate ae ampullaceus. = Corolla 5-lobed rved. Leaves not —— beneath ; on pei, ad urceolate-inflat- 2 saath rly an inch lon ng 5 racemes ——- era ties wered, 2a . L. Brandisianus. clustered on cent slightly inflated, 14-12 in. lon ong L. hypoglaucus. ves one-coloured and glossy on both surfaces ; corolla 2-3 in. long, curved and slightly inflated ; cymes reduced, us —— 2-flowered, agp ten us L. formosus. O O Each flower with a "single bract only or the bract ‘daisies mes obsolete, + Petals united into a tubular coroll X Flo merous, the corolla usually slit laterally; berries obconical to club- and pear-s fs Indument. of inflorescence, flowers, berries and shoots densely to- Steed white, scurfy ; corolla 14-2 in. long; berries obco- eaves from oblong to te i a et. . L. pulverulentus. Indwnent of young shoots, flowers and inflore variable, vel- r villous, from rusty-coloured to whitish ; corolla. Bs 1} 3, berries devant 2-3 og oad leaves from mee obl ong = scurrula. 5- or 6-m rous, the coro! rola at — slit ptr in berries rounded at the base, usually oval or - Shoots, inflorescence, and flowers densely villous-tomentose, Loranthus. | LORANTHACER. 315 oe aa a Uoug = eapgt e " pias aeriny, peers corolla § to $ n. long; often large and conspicuous; leaves usually chorate, Perinat vos omens be seathe; ‘were fascicled very shortly spi . . L. tomentosus. . very thick- fi ea 1s, corda eor - ovate, beneath ru tomentose ; bract 3 times ee 8s the o nabs ea flowers long . Siamensis. + All parts glab 4 Racemes mas greyish tomentose; cor oie ‘}- 1 in. long, 5-merous, yellow or orange, the tube short, inflated, wesist tomentose outside . L. pentandrus. Racems se "yarely puberulous ; corolla 1-2 in. long, crimso coloured, ¢ bate, and somewhat inflated at the middle, aaa. ot reo 5-merou . L. longiflorus. +-++ Petals free fa the base ; corolla bright red or rimson. Flowers about 14 in. long, 6-merous; petals equal and elongate- LZ. Sage tts linear. lus Flowers wget about 4 lin. long, 5-merous, the petals dilated at the base and dite spoere ently : forge ovately inflated straight abe ; leaves tapering at the . L, pentapetalus. As former, but flowers 4-merous ; ned vounded or = cordate at the base . DL. coceineus, | * Brads tee leafy, may ‘eller a fee dhSicvel involucre : or united in a \-leafed one. Flowers crowded by 4 to 6 and usually umbellate. L. involucratus, Roxb.—An evergreen, stout, parasitical ean, the young shoots often tawny-tomentose, the younger parts pale puberulous and inven d leaves opposite or nearly so, from ovate and cordate-ovate to oblong and elliptically oblong, on a rather slender petiole } to 4 in. long, sometimes somewhat unequal, entire, 3-4 in. long, more or less blunt, glabrous, coriaceous, but the nerves faintly visible ; flowers sessile, ‘nearly an inch long, spar- ingly puberulous, white, each supported by a large leafy bract, forming a eb hdrone 4-flowered, ae sessile involuer the tube ngs the towards the mouth, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes re revolute ; stamens 5; anthers oval; stigma 2-lobed ; berries ik Chittersne, 3 in forests. * Bracts minute or small, supporting each single flower without forming an tnvolucre. O Each flower 3-bracted, i. e., 1 bract and 2 bractlets Sree or united at the base. - L. globosus, Roxb sah ak ore + like all the other species. — Ne evergreen, small, branched, parasitical shrub, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves usually ea sicily alternate or by threes, on 316 LORANTHACE®. [ Loranthus. a short thick petiole, oblong to ovate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less acuminate, entire, very coriaceous and almost veinless (in a dried state the nerves become visible), 2-4 in. long, smooth ; flowers small, greenish orange with yellowish tips, sessile, forming a short glabrous spike in the axils of the leaves; bract free, about half as long as the ovate calyx-tube, cordate-ovate, acuminate ; bractlets 2, somewhat shorter and united into an apparently single, broadly oblong, 2-toothed bractlet; calyx-tube oblong, the limb obsolete and almost entire; corolla tubular, 6-sided, upwards inflated, 6- _ lobed, the lobes linear-oblong, acute, reflexed ; stamens 6; anthers oblong; berries globular-oval, the size of a pea, smooth, yellowish green, crowned by the ring-shaped calyx-limb. Hap.—Frequent all over Pegu, especially in the lower mixed and savannah forests ; not unfrequent in Tenasserim and Chittagong.—Fr. Jan.—l. 3. L. subglobosus, DC.—Very much like the former, but the leaves narrower and more coriaceous, the nerves in a dried state indistinct or less visible; spikes, etc., as in former, but the flowers appear larger (about 3 in. long), the tube inflated as in L. ampul- daceus, of which it is probably a sessile-flowered variety. Haz.—Ava.—Fl. Oct. Fr. ee os aphes frequent in Martaban and Pissaarini bractlets none; calyx-limb obsoletely 4-toothed, the tube oval, Has.—Tenasserim.—Fl. Aug. Pla a FP ea ie eee 5 ane Se SERS Gy ES oe pa er oe Te eae oe ee AE Se 1 $ : : ; 12 scum. | LORANTHACER. 323 VISCUM, L. lowers unisexual. Calyx-limb inconspicuous or rarely forming an obsolete line. Petals 3 to 5, very short, having the i eee Satiinkies and opporite Lah or leafless. Flowers very sma monoecious and clustered at the nodes, or dioecious and in the forks of the branches. * Leafy preter Tetitorene lobes deciduou “oat terete ; obovate-cuneate, roun inded at the e apex ; wers in idecliet: or Pahariny peduncled cup-shaped involucres at the end of ee branches or in their forks + FV. album. Branchlets an ; leaves more or less blunt ; flowers dioecious, in peduncled ap Yay involucres and axillary - V. orientale. Branchlets terete; leaves more or less acumi inate ; flowers monoe- cious, in sessile cup-shaped involucres and a + V. monoicum. Branchlets terete ; leaves blunt ; flowers all solitary in the sessile cup-shaped in volucres, forming dense clusters in the leaf-axils or round the joints . VF. ovalifotium. * + Leafless shrubs. ' Perianth- lobes usually per Articles slightly narrowed at the joints ea conspicuity a liz, placed aa ribbed, ‘each article of the so as to appear in one p gments ie ar 3 berries minute V, articulatum, As preceding, ‘but = linear ; perianth-segments deciduous; berries . V. attenuatum. a all in ae plane and complanate, without any other rib but Median one, at their cra cate joints dilated in a complan- we cup in which the flowers rest é ret of scuiiiaeie * Leafy shrubs. Perianth-lobes hactased - V. album, L.; Brand. For. Fl., 392.—An evergreen bushy parasitical shrub, all parts glabrous, the branches jointed, terete, peatedly dichotomous; leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate or elliptically lanceolate, tapering into a very short thick petiole, blunt, 14-23 in in. long, thick-coriaceous, in a dried state with 3 to 5 parallel obsolete nerves, glabrous, yellowish green; flowers dioe- “ious, small, greenish, solitary or by pairs sessile within the 2- racted involucre, or the jedi more or less elongated between = ® flowers and bearing a third flower within an additional 2- smaller involucre; peduncles and thick, 1-14 lin. long, cious coming by 3 to 1 from the forks of the ‘branchlets or tr e 2 terminal leaves; bracts oblong-ovate ; acute, united into a boat-shaped involucre; calyx-limb obsolete ; perianth-lobes 3 (ee 4), thick, concave, yellowish, oblong, acute, 324 LORANTHACER. [ Viseum. about 4 lin. long ; stigma capitate, almost sessile; male flowers not seen ; berries spheroid-elliptical, the size of a pea, smooth, yellowish. Var. 1, album proper: inflorescence more robust, sessile or nearly so; perianth-lobes 4; involucre larger and bro Var. 2, karensium: inflorescence shorter or longer peduncled ; perianth-lobes 3; involucre smaller and narrower. Has.—Var. 2: not unfrequent in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills, at 5,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation —Fl. Fr. March.—l. V. orientale, Willd.; Brand. For. Fl., 393.—An evergreen, te ceous, glabrous; flowers minute, by 3 to 5 sessile within the cup- shaped involucre formed of 2 small oblong-ovate acute bracts, according to Bentham the central one female, scarcely a line long, the 2 lateral ones males and considerably smaller; peduncles short, glabrous, solitary or usually by 8 or 2 in the axils of the leaves, flower-bearing at the end, and often jointed at the middle an bearing 2 other less connate bracts; calyx-limb prominently ring- like in the female buds; perianth-lobes 4, or rarely 3, triangular, each ing a sessile anther; berries globular, the size of a pea, smooth. Has.—Chittagong. 3. V. monoicum, Roxb. ; Brand. For. Fl., 393.—An evergreen, glabrous, parasitical shrub with numerous dichotomous or opposite i ied state obsoletely suleate) branches ; leaves oppo- site, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate and usually somewhat falcate, tapering into a very short petiole or almost sessile, 5-nerved, sessile wart; berries oblong, the size of a pea, truncate, smooth, yellowish, Has.—Martaban and Tenasserim, apparently rare.——Fl. Apr: Viscum. | LORANTHACER. _ B25 Haxs.—Tenasserim. * * Leafless shrubs. Perianth-lobes usually persistent. 5. V. ulatum, Burm.; Brand. For. Fl., 393.—An ever- green, parasitical, leafless shrub, all parts glabrous, the branches from 1 to 2 ft. long, usually trichotomous and opposite, jointed ; articles variable, from linear to linear-oblong, those of the lateral ranchings placed at a right angle with one another and decussate, but twisted, so as to appear in one plane, from 1 to 2 to 4 in. long, at the broader end always slightly narrowed, glabrous, with a stronger midrib and (in a dried state) with several (3-9) longitu- dinal ribs and appearing more or less sulcate-ribbed; flowers minute, solitary, or by 2 or 8 enclosed in the 2 cup-like-connate racts, sometimes forming small clusters at the joints; calyx-limb none (?) ; perianth-lobes 3 (or 4), concave, triangular-oblong, acute ; stigma small ; berries globular, the size of a pepper-kernel, smooth, yellowish, Var. 1, articulatum proper: articles narrow, only 14 to 2 lin. broad, the lateral ribs fewer in number. Var. 2, dichotomum (/. dickotomum, Don) : articles broader, 8-4 lin. broad, with numerous longitudinal nerve-like ribs. Hap.—Common in the mixed forests and cultivated lands all over Burma.— Fl. Fr. Jan.-March.—I. : 9: V. moniliforme, WA.—An evergreen, small, stunted, para- sitical shrub usually only $a foot high, rarely larger, leafless, all parts glabrous; branches jointed, compressed, usually cma beng the articles all in one plane (not decussately placed), only 1. long or thereabouts, obovate-oblong, when full-grown with a midrib, but without any lateral ribs, at the rather truncate apex dilated into a complanate cup a little expanded at both sides so as to receive the flowers; flowers minute, several, few, or solitary in 326 LORANTHACES. [ Viseum. the lateral dilatation of the apex of the articles; perianth-lobes 3 a acute, concave; berries globular, small Has.—Rare in the drier hill forests of the Martaban hills, especially on oaks and ae = 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March.—l. GINALLOA, Korth. Flowers monoecious (and? dioecious). Perianth 3-(or 4-) petal- led, the petals short and more or less persistent. Anthers in males almost sessile, free, 2-celled and oon didymous, opening in longitudinal slits or on the inner face along the connective; fi eee very short, opposite the petals. Stigma in females sessile or early so; ovary smooth or sulcate. Fruit a l-seeded berry.— Paraviticel shrubs of the habit of the leaf-bearing Visci, but the flowers in longer or shorter spikes, and all the branches and branch- lets with a short thickening at the base resembling a spurious sheath. * fziker very denier, the flowers surrounded is an annular. haped involucre. Leaves thin-coriaceous Leaves amacate raiiaiNe: penike: 5-nerved . G, Helferi. Leaves cuneate, narrow linear, only 3-nerved - G. spathulifolia. * Spikes oh — the flowers immersed in » grooves of the aS ichladetecintey oblong to obovate-oblong : . G, Andamanica. 1. G@, Helferi, Kz.—An evergreen, aed parasitical shrub, glabrous, with terete dichotomous branches; leaves opposite, elongate-cuneate-obovate, very much tapering into a very short petiole or rather sessile, rounded or retuse at the apex, 5-nerve 3-4 in. long or shorter, coriaceous, but the nerves and elnistion fairly visible in a dried state ; flowers minute, dioecious, the males usually by 3, the females by 3 or solitary in the truncate half- cup-shaped ore involucre adnate to the rachis and forming a slender, interrupted, glabrous spike in the forks of the branchlets or terminal between the 2 uppermost leaves; calyx-limb obsolete perianth-segments 3, triangular, acute, in the males _— the 2-celled, ovate, rather large, sessile anthers ; 3 ovary ov Hazs.—Tenasserim. a deed state ; i dioecious O, minute, sessile, and ibys or 4 (or © more ?) immersed each separately in the thick rachis at its joints and Ginalloa. | LORANTHACER. 827 surrounded with a thin dilatation in place of an involucre ; spikes from 1-4 in. long, glabrous, robust, arising from the forks of the branches and terminal between the 2 uppermost leaves; calyx-limb obsolete, if any; perianth-seements 3, minute, 3-angular, conni- vent (?) ; stigma obscurely conical, small; unripe berries elongate- ovate, smooth, truncate or crowned by the longer persistent perianth- segments. Haz.—In the tropical forests of South Andaman, on Artocarpus chaplasha. —Fl. Apr.-May.—1. SANTALACEZ. rior), 1-celled, with 2 to 5 ovules suspended from a free, central, erect placenta. Fruit an indehiscent nut or berry, l-seeded from abortion. Albumen fleshy. Embryostraight with a superior radi- cle, the cotyledons linear or oblong, convex, shorter than the radi- cle.-—Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees, terrestrial or sometimes parasitic, with alternate, rarely opposite, simple leaves. tipules none. Flowers usually small, green or purplish, in terminal or lateral heads, S. * Ovary inferior. _ + Placenta slender, bearing the ovules at the : Periantb-lobes and stamens 6 or 6 3 disk concave or convex, with out free mar ; drupes very small ; itical shrubs, with glabrous flo Gy eo ey. ren ts ocr ee ee P — and stamens 5 or 4; disk cup-shaped, 5-lobed ; pe pear-shaped, ; terrestrial shrubs or trees, wi ; hairy flowers . i ; — ‘ . ‘. ae Ee nT ++ Placenta spindle-shaped, bearing the ovules near the 6b ase. Perianth bell-shaped, lobes and stamens 4 or 5; disk conspicu- ously lobed; dru lobose; terrestrial trees ci while yo : i sf fs 2 ia ; ¥ . Santalum. * %*« Ovary superior. Inflorescence while young conspicuously imbricate-bracted ; flowers bina merous ; filaments very short, complanate co Sree Inflorescence with very deciduous minute bracts ; flowers 5-merous ; A filaments slender, exserted . fe ga ev Ceeperae, HENSLOWIA, Bl. Flowers monoecious, Free part of perianth 5- rarely 6-cleft, 328 SANTALACER. [ Henslowia, the lobes inflexed, persistent. Stamens 5 or 6, inserted opposite to the perianth-lobes near their base; filaments minute, subulate ; anthers dorsifix, introrse, the cells almost didymous, dehiscing by a transverse slit. Disk epigynous, concave or convex, with the margins not free. Ovary inferior, l-celled, with 2-4 ovules sus- pended from the apex of the free central placenta; style short, with a 3-5-lobed stigma. Fruit an ovoid or globular fleshy drupe, containing a hard 1l-seeded putamen. Albumen deeply lobed. Embryo central, straight ; radicle superior, much longer than the cotyledons.—Parasitic shrubs, with alternate 3-7-nerved simple leaves. Flowers minute, in small axillary cymes or spikes or soli- tary. %* Flowers in sessile clusters; bracts densely imbricate, rotundate, with broad membranous margins. Branches and branchlets densely but minutely warted ; perianth- SONNE PET SS) ge SUE U2, OS Cig0s OD ts Sie * *« Flowers in peduncled 1- or more-flowered involucred um- ellets; bracts acute, without membranous borders Flowers sessile or nearly so; perianth-lobes 5; leaves coriaceous . H. heterantha. Flowers pedicelled ; perianth-lobes 6; leaves very thick coriaceous H. coriacea. L 2 small, about 14-2 lin. long, ellipsoid-oblong, smooth, yellow, crown- h, the putamen thin but hard, with 5 ce Ye 1, heterantha proper : flowers sessile or nearly so; perianth- Var. 2, coriacea : flowers shortly pedicelled ; perianth-lobes 6. Has.—Frequent in the orests, ially the drier ones, of the Martaban : . elev March. . H hill f hills east of Tounghoo, at 4,000 to 7,000 ation, —F. ‘ Santalum. | SANTALACER. 329 SANTALUM, L. Perianth bell-shaped, 4- rarely 5-cleft, the lobes ovate or trian- gular. Stamens as many as perianth-lobes and opposite to them ; filaments ligulate or filiform; anthers ovoid, 2-celled, the cells icels, forming terminal and axillary, glabrous, peduncled cymes shorter than the leaves ; perianth bell-shaped, 4-lobed; disk-lobes size of a large pea or cherry, smooth, marked with the circular scar of the fallen perianth. HaB.—Chittagong, cultivated ; Southern Tenasserim (according to Rev, Dr. Mason).—F]. Fr. nearly «o—], ns LEPIONURUS, BI. Calyx adnate to the cup-shaped disk, remaining unchanged in fruit. “Petals 4, inserted at the margin of the disk, at base coher- ing in a tube, valvate. Stamens 4, opposite to the petals ; filaments very short. Ovary free, 1-celled, containing a single pendulous ovule ; stigma sessile, Drupes berry-like, with a crustaceous nut. 330 SANTALACER. : [ Lepionurus. ie bg o> at areob. Albumen fleshy.—Small trees, with entire lea Flowers minute, racemose. cs sylvestris, Bl. (L. avons feline, Mast. in H.f. Ind. Fi. :. 83) —A small evergreen tree, all parts glabrous ; _ from oblong to almost lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the base, 6-8 in,” long, very shortly petioled, acuminate, entire, vyibe ease turning chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, in lax axillary glabrous - whitish racemes, while young covered with scale-like ciliolate imbri- cating bracts each hiding 3 flowers ; drupes elliptical-oblong, orange- coloured, the size of a large pea, smooth. Hazs.—Ava hills CHAMPEREIA, Griff. (not of Baill.). Perianth 5-sepalous, rotate. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the perianth-segments. Hypogynous disk annular. Ovary supe- rior, with a single, erect, anatropous ovule; style none. Drupe oblong, l-seeded Embryo inverted in the axis of the fleshy albu- men ; cotyledons 3 —— or shrubs, with alternate leaves. Flowers minute, racemose-panl racts very minute. . Griffithii, Pla nch.—A small evergreen tree, all parts glab- rous ; leaves lanceolate to o _ acute at the ba ase, very pp petioled, acuminate to ac 8-6 in. long, coriaceous; flowe minute, fuseescent, very shortly pedicelled, racemose, fornitfi dendes glabrous panicles in the axils of ing leaves and usually shorter than them; perianth-lobes about 4 lin. long, reflexed ; ovary shorter than the annular lobed disk ; drupes dtiteally oblong, }-4 in. long, orange-coloured, glabrous, the endocarp thin-crustaceous. Has.—Not unfrequent in the Sat forests of the Andamans ; also Tenas- see Wi, Feb.; Fr. begin. of R.S.—s.—SS.—petrophilous. ELAVAGNACEZ. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, sometimes unisexual. by abor- tion, rarely dioecious. Perianth antag usually forming 4 ate lobed bell narrowed or contracted into a shorter or longer tube. Disk filling the perianth-tube and Tastonaly prominent along ite margin, rarely consisting of 8 glands. Stamens rarely free, us adnate to = ras ao gny twice as many as perianth-lobes 5 Bestel sbeebs the spurious horny or ¢ ceous, smooth or woolly or sealy within. ods erect, os Hlaagnus.| ELEAGNACER. 331 Drupes 1} in. long, the putamen sulcate with rounded ribs . . E. arborea. Drupes 4-6 lin. long, the putamen slightly and bluntish sulcate- BN tik feni ncirces! & ghevibe sis: vies ccna conferta, 1. E. arborea, Roxb.—WMin-gu.—An evergreen tree (20—35+ %—4:-+2—3), with the branches scandent and long-spiny, all softer parts covered with minute silvery or occasionally coppery scales ; leaves oblong to obovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, on a silvery scaly petiole 3-4 lin. long, blunt or rounded at the base, 4-6 in. Has. aregeent in the tropical forests of the Pegu Yomah ; also Ava and Tenasserim.—F. Dec.-Jan. ; Fr. March.—s.—SS.—=Si8, Lat. p., ete, REMARKs.—Wood white, soft. 2. KE. conferta, Roxb.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, all softer parts covered with silvery scales intermixed 332 ELEAGNACER. [ Eleagnus. forming dense clusters in the axils of the leaves ; perianth bell- shaped, at the base abruptly contracted into a short tube, exter- nally covered with silvery and coppery scales, glabrous within ; style pubescent ; drupes small, oblong, 4-6 lin. long, red, succulent, the putamen slightly and obtusely sulcate-ribbed or almost smooth, densely white-woolly within. Has.—Chittagong.—Fl. C.S.; Fr. Feb.-March. THYMELAACE. Hypogynous scales 4; leaves opposite . ‘ é : : xX X Perianth furnished with scales or glands, either in- ed at the throat itself or alternating with the ry either 2-celled with 1-ovuled cells, or 1-ce __ with 2 parietal 1-ovuled 5 x ote hee with free or connate scales variously Daphne.| THYMELMACER, 333 Scales hairy; ovary and capsule sessile or nearly so . . - Aquilaria. Scales glabrous ; ovary and capsule stalk . . - Gyrinops, x &X Perianth-throat naked, i. e., without scales. Perianth 4-merous ; fruit drupaceous, sappy . ‘ . Phaleria, DAPHNE, L. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth tubular or funnel-shaped, deciduous, 4-lobed, the throat without scales. Hypogynous disk obsolete or none. Anthers inserted in 2 superposed rows of 4 each, nearly sessile. Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule ; stigma capitate, sessile or nearly so. Drupe fleshy, succulent, or rarely coriaceous, l-seeded, the testa crustaceous. umen none or scanty. Embryo fleshy, with 2 plano-convex cotyledons.—Shrubs or very rarely little trees, with alternating leaves. Flowers usually in terminal or lateral heads or clusters often involucred. up to 8 lin. long, while in bud protected by a 2-phyllous involucre ; imvolucre-leaflets rotundate-oblong to oblong, minutely pubescent ; pes by several packed into a loose head, ovoid, at the base tapering and surrounded by long hairs, glabrous, unripe about 2 lin. long. Haz.—In the damp hill forests of the Martaban hills east of Tounghoo, at 5,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation. —F). Apr.—s.—SS.=Metam. LINOSTOMA, Wall. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth bell-shaped, 5-lobed, persist- ent or deciduous, of a thin texture, at the throat furnished either with 10 free or 5 two-cleft glabrous scales. Stamens 10, almost in a single series and alternating with the perianth-scales. Hypogy- ous scales none. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, with a solitary pendulous ovule ; style capillary, with a capitate stigma. Nut dry, oval or ovate, appressed hairy and glabrescent, surrounded by the fragile very thi perianth and usually crowned with its limb. Seeds , , with a thin crustaceous pericarp. bumen none. Embryo minute, with 2 large half-obovate cotyledons.—Erect or half- scandent shrubs, wi i . Flowers in few-flowered umbellets on long peduncles furnished with 2 (occasionally up to 4) discoloured, floral leaves, 334 THYMELEACER. [Linostoma, Glabrous shrubs. Perianth-scales 10, free. i mu * Leaves obovate, blunt, or rounded with a ° L. paucifiorum. Z : LL, decandrum. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate . , P ‘omentose shrubs. Perianth-scales 5, 2-cleft. Floral leaves coriaceous ; petioles inserted with a broad base to a nob on the peduncle and reflexed . A ss : . LD. scandens. Floral leaves thin, chartaceous ; the petioles thin and not thic en . : k- at their insertion to the peduncle . : . L. Siamense. 1. L. pauciflorum, Griff—An evergreen, erect shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with spreading slender branches, all parts quite glabrous; leaves small, 1-1} in. long, from obovate to obovate-oblong, on a very short slender petiole, rather acute at the base, rounded or almost retuse with a mucro, chartaceous, entire, glabrous, some-— what glaucous and elegantly parallel-nerved beneath, the margins reflexed so as to appear thickened ; flowers by 2 (or more?), on @ slender, filiform, glabrous peduncle, bearing below its middle 2 alter- nate, white, oblong, thin-chartaceous, net-veined, glabrous floral leaves; perianth slender, glabrous; nut oval, the size of a pea, appressed hairy, enclosed in the brown, very thin, fragile perianth and crowned with its limb. - Has.—Frequent in the drier hill forests, especially the pine forests, of # ee of Tounghoo, at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. elevation. —Fr. March.— 2. L, decandrum, Wall.—An evergreen shrub with numerous dichotomous elegant branches, all parts quite glabrous; leaves ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, on a 2 lin. long petiole, long-acu- minate, 2-3 in. long or somewhat longer, chartaceous, glabrous, glossy above, elegantly parallel-nerved, bordered with a nerve-like thickening along the entire margins; flowers greenish white, fra- grant, on long, slender, glabrous, jointed pedicels, by 3-6 in asmall umbel, on a slender glabrous peduncle bearing below its middle 2 white, thin-chartaceous, laxly-veined, ovate-oblong, glabrous floral leaves, the umbellets often forming a brachiate panicle at the end of the branchlets ; perianth glabrous outside, 4 to nearly 5 lin. long, the lobes linear, very long; perianth-scales 10, club-shaped ; nut spheroid-obovate, the size of a large pea, appressed pilose, carrying at its side the remains of the thin perianth. Has.—Chittagong ; Tenasserim. 8. L. scandens, Kz.—A leaf-shedding (?), meagre shrub, with alternately distichous branches ; leaves grate ran on a 23 ye with transverse veination ; flowers on very short tomentose pediet forming densely tawny-tomentose few-flowered umbellets at the 1 Linostoma, | THYMELZACER. 335 end of a long peduncle furnished below its middle with 2 floral ish, sparingly appressed hairy, enclosed in the chartaceous shortly tomentose glabrescent perianth crowned with the densely tawny- seeiiala unfrequent in the Eng forests of the Prome district.—1.—S$S.—= AQUILARIA, Lam. or more usually solitary from abortion. bumen none. Embryo inversed.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate silky-glossy leaves. rt a in poor axillary and terminal umbels, or few together elus- Capsules wrinkled, ly tomentone 3: we; 3 ae gultooda: Capeules: smooth a cpr tbnogesg 5 leptbieeee) 7 ide tow: ++ ‘ull, Mialaowensis., 1. A. Agallocha, Roxb.—An evergreen large tree, the young shoots pilose; leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate and obovate- 336 THYMELHACER. | dquilaria, oblong, on a line long petiole, acute or rounded at the base, 2-34 in. long, caudate-acuminate, thin-chartaceous, slightly appressed-pilose on the nerves beneath or glabrous, silky-glossy, faintly parallel- nerved ; flowers rather small, greenish, oa very slender pilose pedi- cels 2-3 lin. long or longer, forming sessile or shortly peduncled umbels arising laterally from the younger branchlets; perianth 24. In. long, slightly hairy outside, densely villous inside, especially the lobes ; perianth-scales oblong, villous, alternating with the sta- mens and as long; filaments red at apex ; ovary tawny-tomentose ; capsules obovate-cuneate, slightly compressed, about an inch long, densely aa or yellowish tomentose, in a dried state shrivelled and wrinkled. Has.—Martaban hills east of Tounghoo. Remarxs.—Wood very light, yellowish white, coarse-fibrous, but close- grained, takes a pale-brown polish. Used by the Karens for bows. Furnishes that sort of commercial Eagle-wood called by the Malays Kayu garu. 2. A, Malaccensis, Lamk.—An evergreen tree, the young shoots appressed pilose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong, on a pubescent glabrescent petiole 1-2 lin. long, obtuse at the base, 24-4 in. long, acuminate, chartaceous, silky-glossy, glabrous, or beneath sparingly pilose (especially while young) ; flowers small, on about 2 lin. long pedicels, in short puberulous umbels, nodding; perianth glabrous outside, greyish velvety within ; capsules compressed-obovate, taper- ing at the base, 2-valved, woody, smooth and glabrous. Has.—Burma, probably Tenasserim. EUPHORBIACEA. Flowers unisexual. Calyx free, various, usually 5- or 3-lobed or -toothed, or wanting, the lobes imbricate or valvate. Corolla con- sisting of several petals and usually isomerous with the calyx-lobes and alternating with them, or very rarely gamopetalous, hypogy- nous or more or less perigynous, or wanting altogether. Disk varl- ously shaped or none. Stamens numerous, few or solitary, in the male flowers central or inserted at the bottom or at the middle of the calyx; filaments free or united into 1 or more bundles, erect or wanting. Ovary superior, usually 3- or 1-many-celled, the carpe whorled round a central column persisting after ripening of a ala ein y 1 ER RUS a Gt ee £ * Drepanocarpus. } LEGUMINOS&. 337 Ind. Fl. i. 238).—Htouk-ma.—A tree (30—40 + 8—15+43—4), e 23 to nearly 8 lin. long ; stamens in 2 separate sheaths 3 Ovary villous ; pods consisting of 1 or 2 unequally reniform-obovate joints, while unripe flat, but finally drupe-like thickened, fleshy, 3-4 lin. thick and minutely warted or torulose, at the base tapering in a short stalk, at the apex laterally pointed, 1-1} in. long. Has.—Common in the swamp forests of Pegu and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—F. Febr.-March; Fr. Apr.-June.—: Metam. bi Remarxs,—Wood white, turning yellow, coarsely fibrous, light, very perish- adie. . 238).— Vay-chin-ya.—A large shrub with a tendency to climb, the others ; corolla glabrous, about 14 lin. long, the petals shortly clawed ; stamens 10, in a single slit sheath ; anthers 4-celled, the cells globular ; ovary glabrous; pod compressed, reniform, 2-1 in. long, blunt with a mu 0, at the base contracted in a 3 lin. long er Slender stalk, almost smooth and glabrous, coriaceous, 1-seeded, Han.—Frequent in the tidal forests along the coast from Chittagong down to Tenasserim.—F), May-June; Fr. close of rains.—s.—SS.—Sal. , REMARKS.—Wood soft, beautifully silvery white, close- and straight-grained. The roots powdered absorb alcohol, and a spoonful of the pe in a tumbler- ful of water is sai sufficient to destroy in less than half an hour the ‘ects of alcohol even in cases bordering on delirium tremens. 7 FL : D. monospermus (Dalbergia monosperma, Dalz.; H.f. Ind. 2. ( 5 Ait. In 237).—A scandent shrub, with the branchlets usually hook- x 338 LEGUMINOS2. { Derris. branous, while young sprinkled with minute appressed hairs; flowers small, white, on puberulous pedicels up to } a line long, forming a short tawny puberulous raceme or racemose cyme in the axils of the leaves; calyx about 14 lin. long, almost glabrous, the teeth short and broad, blunt; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long, the petals long-clawed; stamens 10, united in a single slit sheath; . ovary glabrous; pods compressed, lunately-oblong, 3-1 1m. long, acute, at the base contracted into a short stalk, smooth, brown, 1-seeded. Has.—Tidal jungles of Upper Tenasserim.—F]. March. DERRIS, Lour. Calyx truncate or very shortly and broadly toothed. Standard obovate or orbicular; keel slightly incurved. Upper stamen usually free at the base, but united from the middle with the others in a slit sheath ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, with several ovules; style incurved, with a small terminal stigma. Pod flat, oblong or linear, thin or coriaceous, indehiscent, the upper or both sutures bordered with a narrow wing. Seeds 1-2, or rarely 3, very flat, orbicular or reniform.—Tall woody climbers or rarely erect trees with unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets opposite ; stipu- lets small and bristle-like or none. Flowers in axillary racemes. Bracts and bractlets small and deciduous. * Stamens monadelphous. Pods narrowly winged along the . vexillar suture only. X Flowers in simple or almost simple racemes. © Pods lanceolate, acuminate or acute at both ends. Erect tree ; leaflets almost acute with a mucro Scandent shrub ; leaflets notched ¥ é . : 2 . O O Pods oblong or orbicular with rounded ends. Scandent shrubs. Gishrouss gon Gene ‘ D. u ° ‘. i r Rusty pubescent ; pods ———— = puberulous ; martes in : 0 " D. elegans. uch larger. D. elliptica. — s SS robusta. — : f > scandens. i uliginosa. parsonly:. 0053 eae : As former, but leaflets usually in 4 pairs; flowers X X Racemes collected into panicles. : Seandent; glabrous pods sinuat stricted between the seeds - D. sinuata. * %* Stamens monadelphous or the vexillar one free. P more or less distinctly winged along both sutures. _Seandent, glabrous : > i ; : . ; . « D. amena. . 1. D. robusta, Bth—A tree (30—50-+15—20+4—5), shed ding leaves in H.S., the very young shoots slightly appressed rusty — ae) Derris.] LEGUMINOS. 339 pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, about 4 a foot long ; leaflets in 6-10 pairs, oblong or elliptical to ovate-oblong, a little unequal, blunt pubescent ; flowers rather small, white, on capillary 2-3 lin. long puberulous pedicels, solitary or few together, forming a slightly puberulous long axillary raceme ; calyx ample, puberulous, about a line deep ; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long ; ovary silky pubes- cent; pods linear-lanceolate, tapering in a very short stalk » In- curved-acute, 1-4-seeded, t, with a very narrow wing along the outer suture, brown, indistinctly appressed puberulous, 3-2 in. long. Has.—Frequent in the upper and lower mixed forests of Peou.—Fl. A: r.— it —-88.— All, 559, 5 — r REMARKS. — Wood red-brown, hard and close-grained, of a short coarse fibre, Soon attacked by xylophages. arge hrub young parts pubescent; bark dark brown, white-lenticellate ; leaves leaves ; calyx minutely rusty pubescent, wide, about 14 lin. deep ; corolla 3-4, lin. long, the wings a little hairy ; ovary pilose ; pods linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1-4-seeded, flat, sessile, 1-3 in. long, glabrous or minutely puberulous, very narrowly winged along the outer suture only. Has —Fregquent all over Burma, from Chittagong, Prome, and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans, chiefly in alluvial lands in the tidal and Og tar ee also entering the savannah forests, —F 1. June-July ; Fr. C.S. eo As — All, 3. D. uligi osa, Bth—A large evergreen scandent shrub, all Parts quite Elabrovs 3 leaves unpaired-pinnate, up to 2 ft. long, glabrous ; leaflets ovate to ovate-oblong, in 1-3 pairs, on a 2 lin, long petiolule, bluntish acuminate, 14-24 in. long, entire, charta- Ceous ; flowers middling-sized, é rose-coloured, on slender 1-2 i ] Taceme in the axils of the leaves ; calyx wide, about a line deep, tous 5 corolla glabrous, about 4 lin: long ; ovary slightly pubes- cent; pod obliquely oval or almost orbicular, rounded with a 340 _ LEGUMINOSH. [ Derris. stylose mucro, 1-2-seeded, flat, glabrous, 1-14 im. long, narrowly winged along the outer suture. Has.—Frequent in the tidal forests and the low littoral lands, from Arracan down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. March-May ; Fr. R.S.—s.—SS.= All. Sal. 4. D.elegans, Bth.—A large scandent shrub, all softer younger parts more or less rusty pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 3-1 ft. long, while young rusty pubescent; leaflets in 1 or 2 pairs only, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, on a thick glabrous petiolule about a line long, bluntish, 3-5 in. long, chartaceous, entire, rusty pubescent, above or on both sides quite glabrescent ; flowers white, middling- sized, on 3-4 lin. long slender rusty pubescent pedicels, solitary or few clustered or the lower ones racemulose, forming a very short rusty-villous raceme usually arising from above the scars of the leaves or from the leaf-axils themselves; calyx wide, rusty pubes- cent, about 14 lin. deep ; corolla glabrous, nearly 5 lin. long; ovary tawny villous; pods almost as in D. wliginosa, but rusty puberu- lous or pubescent, 14 in. long by about an inch broad. Not unfrequent in the swamp forests of the I idee rei and Hazs.— along marshy streams of Tenasserim.—Fl. Febr.-March.—s : 1 oe r * * flowers pale purplish, rather large, on 1-2 lin. long minutely cemose an . puberulous pedicels, racem: d collected in a terminal narro almost glabrous panicle ; calyx wide, minutely velvety, about 2 ie Reeiewe ee eee ae ee Dalbergia. ] LEGUMINOSE. 341 ovary pubescent; pods flat, elongate-oblong and often falcate, narrowed at the base, 1-4 in. long, acuminate, sinuate to almost moniliform-constricted between the 1-4 seeds, narrowly winged along the vexillar suture only. — Has.—Not unfrequent in the beach and tidal forests of Pegu and Tenas- serim.—Fr. Nov.-Dec.—l.—SS$.=All. Aren. Sal. 7. D. amena, Bth.—A scandent shrub, all parts quite glab- rous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, up to 4 ft. long, glabrous ; leaflets in 3-4 pairs, ovate to ovate-oblong, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, leaves or several crowded on short branchlets ; calyx wide, nearly alin. deep, glabrous; corolla about 3 lin. long, glabrous ; ovary glabrous ; pods very flat, more or less oblong, 2-4 in. long, 1-2- seeded, glabrous, along the vexillar suture very narrowly and almost: obscurely, along the inner suture broadly (1-2 lin.), winged. Hap.—Tenasserim.—Fr. March, DALBERGIA, L. Calyx-teeth short, the lowermost rather longer. Standard obovate or orbicular, the keel blunt. Stamens 10, or reduced to sheaths ; anthers didymous, opening at the top, erect. Ovar stalked, with one or few ovules ; style incurved, with a terminal * Erect shrubs or trees O Stamens united into a single slit sheath ; flowers white. X Bractlets fallen before the expansion of the flowers. Leaflets 3-7, almost orbicular to obovate, notched or blunt ; all parts glabrous : ‘ : ; ; ¢ - . D. latifolia, Leaflets 7-11, more or less oblong, notched or blunt . =. ~~. -D, culérata. ractlets black, short and broad, deciduous, but present during flowering. Leaflets blunt or more or less ma with amucro , ‘ . D. glauca, ets acuminate : : “ ‘ . . : ‘ - D. ovata. © Stamens united into 2 separate sheaths; flowers white or purple. X Pods velvety; flowers purple . . . 2D, cana, * X Pods quite glabrous, 342 LEGUMINOSE. [ Dalbergia. +L eaflets apiculate, acute or acuminate, rather Feci.ss Leaflets pots “P iculate ; panicles lax, puberulous ; flowers white rplish D. purpurea. Leaflets neh ss seek rtly acuminate 5 panicles tomentose compact ; calyx glabrous ; a3 flowers whi ‘ . D. glomeriflora, eaflets ‘ant or Tr retuse, rather all. Panicle rather com ees 5 a 1s short or very Sack 3 flowers pur- le (P); ie drying bl ong . D. nigrescens. Panicle very ‘lax ; pedicels sender 5 flowers white or purplish out- side es not nigresce . D. paniculata. limbing or Sealer shru bs. © Stamens united in 2 separate sheaths ; leaflets blunt. eaflets 11-13 ; inflorescence densely pubescent ; bractlets —_— D. volubilis. Taafets 17-21 ; inflorescence —? bractlets small, but ¢ cuous . . D. stipulacea, (eRe) ‘Stamens united in a single slit sheat th. X Leaflets in 5-7 fh a a retuse or blunt ; inflorescence, etc., glabro Flowers blue ; panicle | ampl = terminal ; leaflets more or less oblong D. foliacea, white Flowers 3 panicle small, axillary ; leaflets more or less veuae D, rubiginosa, x Laon se in 11-41 pairs ; Sergi and you ets rusty pubesce: —- + ai = ing "paniele or cyme very ae ett 0 nar jonny iui = > Tati, gong ; Hef. Tad: FL. “Gk 931; oe ae " Sylv. Madr. t. 24; Brand. For. Fl. 148.—A leaf-shedding tree (40—50 +20--2543—6), all parts glabrous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-7 ri long, glabrous ; leaflets alternate, in 1-3 pairs, almost orbicular obovate, on a 3-4 lin. long petiolule, 1-2 in. long and et or broader, notched; entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous, Lee cous-green ; flowers small, white, strong-smelling, on slender 1 lin. long edicels, forming a solitary or several quite glabrous short panicle-like cymes in the axils of the leaves or above the sears of the fallen Sie calyx pale-greenish, smooth, 14 lin. long, the pro- duced teeth acute, the others blunt ; corolla glabrous, about 2 lin. long, the a rather long-clawed ; stamens 9, united in a single slit sheath ; ovary ee pods lanceolate or oY Stoo Ldonell acuminate at both e nds, tapering ina slender stalk, very He rigidly chartaceous, es, smooth, slightly net-veined at the 1 Han .—Andamans sina oy Roxb.). Remarxs.—Hea: nish or h black, often mottled or lighter veined, aoa -grained, pedis spy te polis meat in India extensively for cabinet- manta of vessels, agricultural so des combs, etc., also in gun-carriag? - D. cultrata, Grah.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 233. —Yendike.—A tree e5— 0104028), leafless in H.S., oung shoots ap- the y pressed silky some bark 4 an in. thick, rather smooth, with transverse short streaks ; cut brown ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 5-6 in. long, while sid young canescent or appressed tawny pubescent ; en eee ee ee ee ee Dalbergia. | LEGUMINOS#. 843 Has.—Common in all leaf-shedding forests, especially in the upper mixed savannah and Eng forests, all over Burma from Ava and Martaban down to pper Tenasserim.—Fl. March-Apr.; Fr. C. S.—l.—SS.= wSiS, 5 ReMARKs.—Sap-wood pale-coloured, turning pale-brown, perishable ; heart- wood extremely durable, blackish and ebony-like, sometimes white and red-streak- ed, close-grained, rather heavy, elastic, but cracky, O’—64 pd. Used for ploughs, bows, handles of dahs and spears. Exudes a red resin. 3. D. glauca, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii, 231.—Ma-da-ma.—A tree 30—40 + 10—15+4+38—4), shedding leaves during H.S., all parts - glabrous, the stem usually fluted and butressed ; bark brownish grey, about 14 lin. thick, longitudinally striate and minutely fis-~ sured; cut dry, brownish; leaves 4-1 ft. long, unpaired-pinnate, glabrous; leaflets in 3-4 pairs, alternate, obovate to elliptical, on a 2-3 lin. long petiolule, rounded or more or less retuse with a mucro, 2-4 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, somewhat glaucous beneath ; flowers odorous, white, each supported by a broad black very deciduous bractlet, on very short but slender puberulous pedi- cels, cymose, forming an ample glabrous (the extreme branchings puberulous) panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx 2 lin. long, glabrous, the teeth blunt ; corolla 2 lin. long, glabrous, the petals ong-clawed ; stamens 9, in a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous; pods very flat, oblong to linear-oblong, 14-2 in, long, narrowed in a short stalk, blunt, glabrous, brown or reddish brown, almost chartaceous, slightly net-veined at the 1 or 2 seeds. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests of Pegu ; less frequent in those of Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-Feb.; Fr. March-May.—s —l.—SS. =SiS. Metam. : 4. D. ovata, Grah. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 231.—Ma-damah.—A tree (25—35 +10—15+42—8), shedding leaves during H.S., all parts quite glabrous ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, glabrous, 4-3 ft. long ; leaflets alternate, ovate to obovate-oblong, on a 2-3 lin. long petiol- ule, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, a little glaucous beneath ; flowers white, odorous, small, each supported by 344 LEGUMINOSH. [ Dalbergia. a small black broad deciduous bractlet, on very short pubescent icels, cymose and forming a slightly appressed pubescent glabrescent panicle in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones and collected into a large panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx glabrous, about 2 lin. long, the teeth rather long and bluntish ; corolla glabrous, about 2 lin. long ; stamens 9, in a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous ; pods very flat, oblong to linear- oblong, blunt with or without a point, tapering in a short stalk, i}-24 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, greyish brown, slightly net- veined at the 1 or 2 seeds. Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah, less so in those from Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim, especially along choungs.— Fl. Jan.-Febr.; Fr. Apr.-May.—s + 1.—SS.=SiS. Metam. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests, especially along choungs, of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah, and still more frequent from Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. M 'r. C. $.—s.—SS.=Si RemMarxs.—Wood white, turnin brownish, rather heavy, of a very coarse fibre, soon attacked by xylophages. 2 " all. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 235.—Thit-pote or thit- ]l_ parts h ; Sa icici 4 4 Datbergia. | LEGUMINOSE. 345 neve aged puberulous, more than a line long, the teeth blunt ; glabrous, more sa 3 lin. long, the ear rather long- seeds ovary pubesce stamens 10, united in 2 separate sheaths ; pods flat, Blok asccolate, faperiig in a stalk, bluntish, 3-34 in. long, _ seeded, coriaceous, glabrous, brown, “obsoletely veined at the se aB.—Common in all mixed forests from Pegu and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim, up to 3,500 ft. elevation.—FI. Febr.-March; Fr. C. S.—1.— SS SiS. Remakks.—Sap-wood light, not much used; heart-wood black and ebony- . D. glomeriflora, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 2836.—A tree (30—40 Bib goa 5), leafless in H.S. , the young mbes tawny tomen- tose; leaves while very young tomentose, turning glabrous, un- paired-pinnate ; leaflets in 3-4 pairs, alternate, ott to elliptical and eae on a slightly pubescent petiolule 1-2 lin. long, acute, 2-24 in. long, entire, thin coriaceous, glabrous above, beneath shortly and slightly pubescent; flowers small, white, on very short pedicels or almost sessile, densely crowded into ead-like panicles terminating the young villous shoots or arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves; calyx about 14 lin. long, glabrous, the teeth blunt ; corolla glabrous, a little longer than the calyx, the petals very shortly clawed ; stamens 10, united in 2 separate short sheaths ; ovary glabrous. Has.— Rather rare in the upper mixed — of the Prome Yomah at 1 ,000 to 2,000 ft. elevation.— Fl. March-Apr.—l.—SS.—CaS, 8. D, paniculata, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 236; Bedd. Sylv. ~ Madr. 88; Brand. For. FI. 150. —Ta-pouk-pen.—A tree (60—80+ 30—50+8— —9), leafless in H.S., the young shoots slightly and shortly puberulous ; bark about } in. thick, grey, peeling off in small convex flakes ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 3-6 in. long, the young rachis puberulous ; leaflets in 4-6 pairs, oval to obovate-oblong, on a slender 1-14 lin. long petiolule, retuse or blunt, 1-2 in. long, entire, thin chartaceous, glabrous ; flowers small, white, often bluish outside; on slender puberulous pedicels about a line long, forming short puberulous dichotomously branched lax and spreading panicles arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves ; calyx 14 lin. long, appressed pubescent, the testh acute; corolla glabrous, nearly 3 lin. long, rather long-clawed ; stamens 10, united into 2 separate sheaths ; ovary almost ee oe the stalk pubescent ; pods tape pering in a- 3-4 lin. lon ng stalk, rigi y but thin corinceons, glabrous, slightly sg Na at the 1-3 pa a. 346 LEGUMINOSE. [ Dalbergia. Has.- Frequent in mixed dry forests, occasionally entering the drier upper mixed forests, from Ava and Prome to Pegu.—Fl. March; Fr. May-June.—l.— SS. = CaS. SiS. (?) Ks.— Wood white, turning pale-yellowish, strong, compact. Good for common house-building. 9. D, nigrescens, Kz.— Thitsa-nweng.—A leaf-shedding tree (40 —50+10—25 + 4-6), the shoots tawny pubescent, all softer parts turning black in drying ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, the rachis tawny pubescent and more or less glabrescent ; leaflets in 3 to 5 pairs with an odd one, on a line long pubescent petiolule, elliptical to oblong, alternate, 3-1} in. long, rounded or almost retuse, chartaceous, glabrous when full grown; flowers small, blue (?), very shortly pedi- celled or almost sessile, cymulose and forming dense rusty or tawny tomentose panicles at the end of the branches; calyx nearly 14 lin. long, densely tawny pubescent, the teeth acute; corolla glabrous, 2 lin. long, the petals shortly clawed ; stamens united into 2 separate sheaths. Has.—Frequent in the dry forests, especially the mixed ones, of Prome and Ava—l.— SS. = Cas. ** Climbing or scandent shrubs. 10. D. volubilis, Roxb.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 235 ; Brand. For. Fl. 152. —A large spreading shrub, usually more or less scandent, all parts glabrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, glabrous, 3-2 ft. long; leaflets in 5 to 6 pairs, alternate, elliptically to oval- and obovate-oblong, on a slender 2-1 lin. long petiolule, rounded or almost retuse with a minute mucro, }-2 in. long or rarely longer, membranous or thin chartaceous, entire, glabrous, usually glaucous beneath; flowers pale- blue, small, on slender 1-2 lin. long rusty puberulous pedicels, cymose and forming a rusty or tawny tomentose spreading panicle at the ends of the branchlets; bracts at the insertion of the pedicels, small, rusty-tomentose; calyx about a lin. long, puberulous, the teeth rather broad and long, rather blunt 3 corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long, the petals cuneate at base, the standard broad ; stamens 10, united into 2 separate sheaths ; ovary pubescent; pods flat, oblong, tapering in a short stalk, blunt, thin coriaceous, glabrous, brown, slightly net-veined at the usually solitary or rarely 2 seeds. Has.—Frequent in all mixed forests, ially the lower ones, all over Burma from Chittagong, Ava, and Martaban ge to free Tenasserim.—Fl, Febr.- March ; Fr. Apr.-May—1l.—SS.= o. 11. D, stipulacea, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fl. ii. 237.—Douk-ta- loung-nway.—A large climbing shrub, the stems 2-4 in. thick, the young shoots more or less puberulous ; bark brownish grey, longi- tudinally fissur d, fibrous; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-3 in. long, the young rachis usually puberulous ; leaflets in 8 to 10 pairs, Dalbergia. | LEGUMINOS#. 347 alternate, from oblong to obovate-oblong, on a slender a line long petiolule, more or less retuse, rounded at the base, 1-2 in. long, entire, thin chartaceous, while young minutely appressed. pubescent beneath, turning soon glabrous and somewhat glaucescent ; flowers _ small, pale-blue, each supported by a pair of lanceolate bractlets a ine long, on 14 to 2 lin. long slender puberulous pedicels, racemose and forming peduncled slightly pubescent cymes arising latera from the young shoots or above the scars of the fallen leaves; bracts rather persistent, about as long as the pedicels, lanceolate ; calyx glabrous, about 14 lin. long, the teeth blunt, those in front acute ; corolla glabrous, about 3 lin. long, the standard broad, the petals shortly and broadly clawed; stamens 10, united into 2 separate sheaths; ovary glabrous; pods elongate-oblong, 2-3 in. long, blunt, contracted in a short stalk, coriaceous, glabrous, brown, 1 or rarely 2-seeded, the unripe ones flat and veined at the seeds, the full-grown ones somewhat medullary-thickened with the veina- tion furrowed-immersed. B.—Common all over Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim, occurring not only in the mixed and tropical forests, but ascending also into the drier hill forests, up to 3,500 ft. elevation.—Fl. Jan.-Febr.; Fr. C.S.—s: 1—SS.= a 12. D. foliacea, Wall. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 232.— A large scandent shrub, all parts glabrous, or the young shoots slightly pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 4-4 ft. long ; leaflets in 2-3 pairs, alternate, obovate to elliptically-oblong, on an 1 to 14 lin. long petiolule, usually mucronate, 14-2 in, long, entire, chartaceous, glabrous, or while young shortly appressed puberulous beneath ; flowers small, almost sessile, supported by a pair of small bractlets, cymose and forming an ample minutely puberulous glabrescent panicle at the end of the branchlets ; calyx minutely puberulous, 2 lin. long, the teeth rather long, buntish ; corolla glabrous, about 2 lin. long, the petals long-clawed ; stamens 9, united into a single slit sheath ; ovary glabrous; pods 1-2-seeded, flat, oblong to elongate-oblong, acute or blunt, tapering in a short stalk, 14-3 in. — glabrous, brown, thin coriaceous, runcinnate-veined at the seeds, Has.—Not unfrequent along choungs in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Upper Tenasserim.—Fl. Jan.-Febr. ; Fr. C.S.— 8: 1—SS.=SiS. Metam. 13. D.rubiginosa, Roxb.; Hf. Ind. Fi. ii. 232.—A large scandent shrub, the very young branchlets shortly tawny pubescent; leaves unpaired-pinnate, 24-3 in. long, the is glabrous ; leaflets in 3 to 5 pairs with an odd one, alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong, rounded or emarginate, on a line long slender petiolule, about an in. long, entire, thinly but rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, much net-veined ; flowers small, white, on very short puberulous pedicels, racemose 348 LEGUMINOS®. [ Dalbergia. ovary glabrous ; pods flat, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering in a slender stalk, bluntish, 14 to 2 in. long, 1-2-seeded, brown, - ed Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests on the Kambala toung Yomah.—SS.—probably decomposed CaS. 14. D. tamarindifolia, Roxb. ; H.f. Ind. Fl. ii. 234.—A_ scan- dent shrub, the young parts more or less tawny puLescent ; leaves n. appressed pubescent, 14 lin. long, the teeth short, 2 of them blunt, the rest acute; corolla glabrous, 2 lin. long ; the petals very long- clawed ; stamens 9 or 10, united in a single slit sheath ; ovary glab- ~ usa liana gical tink eich mhaneaae Seaue aes Has.—Not unfrequent in the jungles of the Andamans; also Tenasserim. —Fr. May-June. 5. D, velutina, Bth. ; H-f. Ind. Fl. ii. 233.-—A large climb- : ing. shrub, all softer parts rusty or tawny pubescent; stipules in young shoots conspicuous, 4 an in. long, linear to ovate, softly pubescent ; leaves unpaired-pinnate, rusty or tawny pubescent, 4-3 oblong or oblong, usually 1- rarely 2-seeded, blunt, tapering in 2 very short stalk, 14-2 in. long, glabrous, net-veined at the seeds. _ Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests, and ascending into the drier hill forests, from Pegu and Matiahin down to iviandesiis, ‘oe 4,000 ft. elevation. — ~-FL. March.—s : L—SS.—Metam. Lat Pp. Pterocarpus. | LEGUMINOSAE. 549 PTEROCARPUS, L. Calyx turbinate-bell-shaped, with the base acute, often incurved _ 5-toothed, almost 2-lipped. Standard orbicular or broadly ovate, the wings obliquely obovate or oblong and almost conform with the keel-petals or longer, free or slightly connate. Stamens united in a single or 2 distinct sheaths with the vexillar one free or not ; anthers versatile. Ovary sessile or stalked, with 2 to 6 ovules; style filiform with a minute terminal stigma. Pod compressed- site, without stipulets. Flowers usually yellow, in racemes or racemose panicles. Bracts and bractlets small, deciduous. Pods about an in. broad, also while young almost glabrous; calyx more glabrous : ie ‘ ‘ . ; . P. Indicus, Pods about 1}-2 in. broad, when young densely velvety-pubescent ; calyx rusty pubescent . : é : . . . P. macrocarpus. about 8 lin. long, tapering at the base and somewhat oblique, almost glabrous or puberulous ; corolla nearly 4 lin. long, the petals cris- appress orbicular, unequally sinuate-notched at the base and shortly stalked, about an inch across each way, the stylous acumination above the basal sinus. ‘Has.—Frequent in the upper mixed forests from Martaban down to Tenas- serim and the Andamans ; very rare along the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah.— Fl. May-June; Fr. July-Aug.—SS.=Metam. Lat. p. SiS. ee Remarxs.—Wood light-brown with lighter-coloured heart-wood, coarsely fibrous, but close-grained, narrowly streaked, heavy. Excellent for the solid Burmese cart-wheels. Yields gum-kino. 2. P, macrocarpus, Kz.; H.f. Ind. Fl. ui, 239.—Pa-touk.—A tree (30—50 + 10—25+4+5—6), leafless during H.S., the young — 350 LEGUMINOSR. { Millettia. on the nerves; flowers middling-sized, yellow, on tawny pubescent 3-4 lin. long pedicels, forming simple tawny pubescent racemes in long, somewhat obliquely narrowed at the base 3 corolla more than in. long, the petals undulate-crispate ; stamens united in HaB.—Frequent in the Eng and upper mixed forests of Martaban and Tenas- serim, very rare in the dry forests of Prome District.—Fl. Apr -May; Fr. R.S. —1l.—SS.=Metum., Lat. CaS. Remarxs.—Sap-wood _pale-brown, streaked, rather light, close-grained. Yields a red resin, a sort of gum-kino. MILLETTIA, WA. Calyx broad, truncate, or with short teeth or lobes, the 2 upper ones often united. Standard broad, usually reflexed ; keel incurved, Ovary sessile or rarely stalked, surrounded at the base with an angular or cup-shaped disk, several-ovuled ; style inflexed with a small terminal stigma. Pods flat or convex, from woody to thin coriaceous, finally dehiscing into 2 valves, Seeds orbicular or reniform, not strophiolate.—Trees or shrubs, often climbing, with unpaired-pinnate leaves, the leaflets usually stipellate. Stipules small. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts and bract- lets usually very deciduous, * Climbers or erect shrubs, X Standard auricled at the base on both sides of the claw. tamens monadelphous, © Corolla glabrous. Young shoots rusty-tomentose ; corolla violet-purple ; ovary quite glabrous weed . . : ee eS . : O O Corolla, at least the standard, .velvety or silky pubescent outside. ; + Leaflets blunt or apiculate, rarely shortly acu- Foren unis nds note the yt wers purple, in racemes longer th @ petiole ; ripe M., leiogyna. WM. extensa- - : : i Millettia. } LEGUMINOS®. 351 Flowers wee. * in elotanie racemes Meee than the petiole; ripe entose . M. macrophylla. Flowers be e-sdlon oy in simple racemes ; usually. shorter than the petio tiole ; leafiets blunt ; pods tawny or brow ie tomentos M. fruticosa. f+ Leatlets glaucous Seales , long and senda inate ; arte grey - . ; . M. caudata. X X Standard rr Pauirichea at the + Corolla, clover ere stasis: velvety or silky pubes: Ja fogs or tawny ae saving tone ‘very or siete — be- . M, sericea Pods rae brown- velvety ; ; leaves glabrou . M. coerulea. Corolla glabrous. Ovary pu ubescent or villous. Leaves glabrous ; flowers racemose, in terminal panicles . M. cinerea, — he and under-surface of leaves pubescent ; calyx broader . M. pachycarpa. * formes, ets oe et Reeen ee ae See ert ee Agrostistachys. | EUPHORBIACE. 377 AGROSTISTACHYS, Dalz. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of males regularly and valvately 3-4. bud apex and suspended from the connective, unequally 2-valved. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles 3, connate at the base and 2-cleft. Capsule 3- coccous, dry.—Shrubs or trees, with alternate penninerved leaves and paired stipules. Flowers in 6- 3- or 2-stichously bracted axillary spikes. Bracts 3-1-flowered, scarious. 1. A. longifolia, (4. Znudica, var. longifolia, Muell. Arg.).—An evergreen shrub(?), all parts glabrous; leaves elongate cuneate- oblong, gradually narrowed into the short petiole or narrowly decurrent almost to its base, }-1 ft. long, acuminate, rigidly charta- ceous, slightly repand-toothed towards the apex, glabrous; young flower-spikes arising by 3-1 from the axils of the leaves, the scarious distichous bracts appressed-pubescent. Has.—Tenasserim or the Andamans. ALEURITES, Forst. _ Calyx almost irregularly valvately bursting (2-3-parted). Petals in both sexes 5, twisted or imbricate in the bud. Disk present in both sexes, in the males urceolate or reduced to 5 glands. Stamens umerous, on a conical naked torus ; anther 2-rimose, the connective not produced. Ovary-rudiment in males absent. Ovary 2-5-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles as many as ovary-cells, deeply 2-cleft. Fruits large, drupaceous-capsular, 2-5-coccous, the cocci bony and hard. Seeds compressed-globular, without sperma- phore, spuriously white-arilled. Albumen oily. Cotyledons large, orbicular-ovate, the radicle minute.—Trees, with long-peduncled 3-5- plinerved, simple or lobed leaves 2-glanded at the base. Flowers monoecious, forming large terminal panicles, the males usually more slenderly pedicelled. soe 1. A, Moluccana, Willd.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 276.—An evergreen tree (40—60 + 20—30 + 5—6), the young shoots _ Covered with a brownish stellate or almost scaly minute tomentum ; bark smooth, olive-coloured ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, some- what truncate and obtuse at the 2-glanded base, on a brownish _ Stellate-puberulous petiole 2-24 in. long, acute or acuminate, simple or produced into 1 to 3 bluntish or acute lobes, 3-5 in. long, thin- 378 EUPHORBIACER. [ Aleurites. coriaceous, while young covered with a brownish or whitish minute stellate tomentum, soon glabrous and opaque ; flowers rather small, in diameter, fleshy, athe globose, ua smooth, * olive-coloured, containing 2 orsometimes a single, hard, 1-seeded, irregularly fur-, rowed nut; seeds very oily. = gt "agai cultivated in villages of Pegu and Tenasserim.—Fl. Spa -Hirudes gum, especially from the fruits. Seeds produce about 50 per cent. of a lamp-oil called Kekuna in Hindustan, and plenty oil-cake, SYMPHYLLIA, Baill. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 3- to 5-parted, the male valvate, “ a imbricate in bud. Petals and disk wanting in both amens free, alternating with the sepals, inserted round a ochaniats ovary-rudiment ; anthers erect, 2-rimose. Ovary 3- or rarely 2-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; ; styles as many as ovary-cells, united in a a column, divaricately spreading, densely papillose-fimbriate—Shrubs, with simple penninerved leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets. Stipules minute. Flowers sessile or ay so, spiked, forming terminal poor panicles. Baill—An evergreen shrub, the young shoots more or less stellate-puberulous; leaves from spatulate- to oblong- lanceolate, on a strong, shortly paren glabrescent — 1-2 lin. long, rounded or cordate at the narrowed base, from 3 to 8 in. long, acuminate, chartaceous, ais sails young sprinkled minute te hairs, soon glabrous ; flowers small, greenish white, sessile, clustered, in short greyish-tomentose spikes forming a ter- minal rather short panicle; male calyx glabrous or sprinkled with stellate hairs, the — one seach! larger, whitish stellate-pubes- cent, the lobes broad-oval, acute. Var. 1, Silhetana ae flowers soon glabrescent. Var. 2, trichantha, Muell. Arg: flowers densely greyish stel- late-pubescent. Has.— Var. 2: in Tenasserim. TREWIA, L. | Flowers dioecious. Calyx 3-4-parted, in the males valvate, in the females imbricate in bud. Petals aa disk in both sexes wanting. Stamens very numerous, free, on a central depressed-hemispherical — Trewia.} EUPHORBIACER. 379 oe anthers 2-rimose, the connective not peculiarly pro- ary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-4-celled (the cells usually soaiant into 2 only) with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles as many as ovary-cells, connate at the base, very long and simple, spermaphore. Albumen Se with opposite simple Bs ves. Flowers small, in axillary racem . T. nudiflora, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. 281; Brand. For. Fl., 443 Paget —A tree (60-70 + 3040+ 9—10) i shedding leaves ‘ia H.S., the young shoots more or less pubescent ; bark greyish, corky- lenticellate, otherwise even, about 2-3 lin. thick ; eut greenish brown ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse, rounded to almost cordate at the 3- or almost 5-nerved base, on a pubescent glabrescent petiole 1-2 in. long, acuminate, 4-6 ‘in. long, mem- branous, entire, eaparialty’ beneath pubescent, more or less peat above; flowers small, pedicelled, the males clustered and long racemes arising from above the scars of the fallen leaves, the females on very short, thick, villous pedicels, in shorter puberulous racemes or often reduced to 4 or 1 flower at the summit of the nude peduncle ; ovary and style pubescent or tomentose, the stigmas very long; drupes depressed-globular, the size of a small wood- apple, almost glabrous, corky-fleshy, containmg a bony putamen 4. to 2-celled with as many seeds. Has teats along choungs in the tropical an and Pra oo ining mixed forests all over Burma, from Chittagong and Pegu down ae entering the savannah ‘forests. —Fl. H. S; Fr. begin. of R.S. aA ZI —_S8S.= RemarKs.—Wood white, turning yellowish, rather heavy, coarse-fibrous, but close-grained, soft. MALLOTUS, Lour. Flowers dioecious, sora monoecious. Calyx 3-5- (rarely 2-) parted, in the males valvate in bud, in the females high up tubular or flask-like cohering and finally rupturing longitudinally, or free, Petals and disk none, or rarely the latter iceciouel in the males. tamens numerous, free or cohering at the base, on a central some- what dilated receptacle ; anthers 2-rimose. Ovary-rudiment none or indehiscent. Ovary 3- rarely 5 5-2-celled, with a solitary o in each cell ; styles as many as —— simple, cles free or 380 EUPHORBIACER. [ Mallotus. * Capsules unarmed, but covered with a various tomentum ‘om tomentose to peeays Ss Capo Scandent Raits — er —— tellat “es = panel 3 ‘ . WM. repandus. OO Capsules 3-coccous. Leaves beak abttcey and crimson-resinous ; bag tctat densely covered with crimson resinous powder raat fi erat: Ovary silky-pubescent - MW. decip * *& Cap — armed sith longer or ‘sherders bars or crowded s, the indument various. (@) ete or spikes collected in terminal, ample, rarely — panicles -+ Leaves peltate, more or less orbicular-ovate. Leaves broadly peltate, a 3-lobed ; capsules short-pedun cled, globular, red with a thick dense stratum of piietbuhabent: “soft, short bristles . UM, barbatus. Leaves usually narrow Secale not lobed capsules sessile densely covered with loose soft- Nibawcaist bristles nearly long as the pened of ee capsule itse ‘ ae ricinoides, spb ves Sats: or a peltate shortly white or rarely tawny-tom beneath, often Yhimibolt fate Capek itnirthy a laxly muricate. Capsules sessile or nearly so, 4- or 5-coccous, almost aetel, scurfy whitish tomentose : . MM. tetracoccus. Capsules 3-coccous and 3-lobed, tawny-tomentos - M. paniculatus, OO Racemes or spikes terminal or coe ey simple or at least - eo — sule lobed, 3-coccous, 5 regi sules peduncled, tom e and glan ndular . M. Roxburghianus. ++ Ca apsties densely yellowish glandular, otherwise é gia or ie more or less narrowed to- the bas + Lea hue. Young parts and bers etiaath ar alae : ‘ : - M. acuminatus. ves no ar 8 porte and leaves beneath pets: petioles long and All parts ite glabrous ; petioles proportionally short ; | M. wuricaiae (1. ML. re Fiore Muell. Arg. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 210.—WNa- and oe at the end of the branchlets ; calyx-lobes ovate; velvety-tomentose outside ; ovary tomentose, 2-celled ; styles sls Mallotus.| EUPHORBIACEE. _ 381 capsules 2-coccous and didymous, shortly tawny-velvety, the cocci as large as a small pea; seeds grey, almost globular, indistinctly roughish, SAA. Has.—Frequent all over Burma from Ava and Chittagong down to Mar- taban and Pegu, especially in the drier gee aes and in the open aad dry forests. — Fl. Jan.-Feb.; Fr. March-Apr.—l.— . M, sou eppinenay, Muell. Arg. ; Bedd. gig Madr., t. 289 ; Brand For, Fl., 444.—Tou-thi-tin—An ev ergreen tree (2—30+ aeyay aint ‘the young shoots densely tawny or rusty puberu- lous ; leaves from ovate-oblong to obovate-lanceolate and broadly lanceolate, acute or obtuse at “the narrowed strongly 3-nerved base, on a puberulous more or less glabrescent petiole 1-2 in. long, ey acuminate, chartaceous, 3-5 in. long, slightly sinuate-toothe almost entire, glabrous above, be meas more or less minutely pala lous, crimson- eland- -dotted or glabrescent and somewhat glauces- cent ; flowers densely tawny-puberulous, small, sessile or nearly so, the males clustered, the females solitary, both forming simple, tawny-puberulous, rather stiff spikes at the end of axillary shoots and often crowded into a sort of panicle at the end of the branches ; ovary densely crimson-glandular, the passe sessile ; capsules 3-coccous, the size of a large pea, covered with a dense crimson indurated-glandular powder ; seeds black, on Has. ig Jey sr in the dry and low forests, but also in the drier mixed forests, all over Burma, from Ava and Chittagong down to Tenasserim and the e Andamans, acd mals into the hill Eng forests up to 2,000 ft. ele- vation.— FI. R.S.; Fr. Feb.-March.—l.—SS. = Dil. SiS. Metam. Rem ey k used for tanning ; root a red dye ; the crimson ripe of the — kapli or kamila-powder) teint a scarlet dye chiefly for s 3. M. tienes. Muell. Arg.—A shrub ; leaves opposite, ey petioled, shortly 3-nerved, lanceolate- obovate, maculate-2-4-galanded above the base, bluntish-toothed upwards, beneath sprinkled with minute yellowish glands, and while young first tawny-villous, then densely and softly pubescent ; male eee shortly pedicelled_ and almost clustered ; stamens about 2 0, free, surrounding a min Ovary-rudiment, or the latter often wanting; female calyx mem- branous, the lobes narrowly 3-angular-ovate, acuminate ; ovary silk- lairy, the stigmas strongly penicellate-papillose. Nearly allied to M. muricatus, —(After Muell. Arg.) : Has.—Tenasserim. 8382 : EUPHORBIACES. -[ Mallotus. about a foot or more long and broad, acute or shortly acuminate, produced into 2 lateral, acute or acuminate lobes, remotely repand- toothed, thick-membranous, glabrescent or quite glabrous above, simple or panicled at the base; bracts thick, subulate, tomen- tose ; female calyx 4-cleft, tawny+tomentose ; ovary densely villous ; capsules globular, the size of a small cherry, 3-4-coccous, cover with a dense thick stratum of tawny scurfy-tomentose soft prickles; seeds small, black, indistinctly wrinkled. Has.— Upper Tenasserim. 5. M. ricinoides, Muell. Arg.—An evergreen shrub, all younger parts covered with a floccose tawny or rusty-coloured, rarely greyish, fugaceous tomentum ; leaves ovate to orbicular-ovate, cordate or more or less peltate at the 5-nerved base, on a scurfy-floccose- tomentose petiole 2-4 in. long, acute to acuminate, 5-6 in. long and longer and nearly as broad, thick-membranous, remotely and minutely toothed or almost entire, above glabrescent or quite glab- rous, beneath whitish or tawny floccose-tomentose and often some- leaves and at the end of the branches; bracts subulate, minute ; female calyx 4- or 5-cleft; ovary greyish villous-echinate ; cap- sules almost globular, the size of a cherry, densely covered with stellately-scurfy, long, subulate, soft bristles, 3- or 4-coccous ; seeds globular, slightly tubereled, black. Haxs.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. Feb. 6. M. acoccus, Kz.—An evergreen tree (30—40+15—20 + 3—4), the young shoots white or tawny from a minute sc tomentum ; leaves broadly ovate to ovate, almost sagittately pro- duced at the truncate 5-nerved base and narrowly peltate or almost not peltate, 4-12 in. long and nearly as broad, on a tawny oF whitish powdery petiole 1-4 in. long, acuminate, almost entire oF obsoletely sinuate-toothed, sometimes produced into 2 lateral lobes, chartaceous, glabrous above, white-velvety and indistinctly gland- — dotted beneath, the transverse net-veination prominent ; flowers shortly pedicelled, the males clustered, the females solitary, with — minute lanceolate bracts, forming shortly white- or tawny-tomen- tose racemes collected in a more or less ample terminal panicle 5 ue Maliotus.] EUPHORBIACER. 383 densely and shortly whitish tomentose, usually 4-coccous ; seeds oblong, black-brown, obsoletely and minutely tubercled. Has.—Chittagong. base, on a puberous petiole 1-23 in. long, often produced into 1 or 2, rarely 4, mor obsoletely repand-toothed, thick-membranous or pergamaceous, Has.—Not unfrequent along choungs in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and from Martaban downto Tenasserim.—Fl, Oct.- ov.—s.—SS.—=SiS. Metam. 8. M, Roxburghianus, Muell. Arg.—An evergreen tree (20— 25+8—10+42—38), often remaining shrubby, all softer parts softly but loosely pubescent; leaves orbicular-ovate to ovate, broadly peltate and usually 9-nerved at the rounded and somewhat truncate base, abruptly and thinly acuminate, on a puberulous petiole 1 to 3 m. long, 4-6 in. long and nearly as broad, chartaceous or membran- ous, repand-toothed, on both sides (above minutely) pubescent, beneath glandular-dotted, the transverse veination prominent ; flowers small, greenish, shortly pedicelled, the males clustered, the females solitary, supported by linear pubescent bracts, forming terminal, simple, greyish or tawny-pubescent racemes ; ovary warty and hirsute ; capsules 3-coccous and 3-lobed, shortly hirsute and glandular, intermixed with short, hairy, subulate bristles, the cocci . of the size of a very small pea; seeds globular, smooth. Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of Martaban, east of Tounghso ; also Chittagong.— Fl. Apr,-May ; Pr. Aug.—s.—SS.=Metam. 9. M, acuminatus, Muell. Arg.—An evergreen large shrub, 8- 12 ft. high, the young parts shortly puberul 384 EUPHORBIACER. | Mallotus. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl. March-Apr.; - Fr. May-June.—s. female calyx membranous, s athaceously slitting ; ovary ensely puberulous-echinate, the style short and stiff, along with the out- side of the stigmas indistinctly appressed-hispid ; capsules 3-coccous, the cocci the size of a small pea, echinate and tawny-pubescent. Has.—Very common along choungs, etc.,in the tropical forests all over Burma from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fil. March-Apr.—s.—S8.=SiS. Metam. 3 to 10 lines, rather abruptly and bluntish acuminate, chartaceous, 3-6 lin. long, coarsely or obsoletely repand-toothed, glabrous, beneath dotted with golden-coloured glands, the nerves and trans-— verse veination thin ; flowers small, greenish, shortly pedicelled, the . ‘males clustered, the females solitary, forming glandular-do' ve but otherwise glabrous racemes at the end of the branchlets or of Mallotus.] EUPHORBIACER. 385 the axillary shoots, the bracts short, ovate, acute; calyx copiously glandular-dotted, the female one soon slitting into 5 linear-lanceo- late segments; ovary densely golden-glandular and muricate; capsules 3-coccous, densely golden-glandular and sparingly and shortly muricate, the cocci the size of a pea; seeds pale brown, smooth. Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests of the Andaman Islands.—Fl. March- Apr. ; Fr. May-June.—s.—88.=SiS. Metam. : ALCHORNEA, Sw. Flowers dioecious, rarely monoecious. Calyx in males 4-(rarely 3-2-) parted and valvate, in females 6-5- rarely 4-parted or -cleft usually in 2 alternate rows, the filaments only at the base ring-like connate ; anthers 2-rimose, extrorse or introrse, the cells free from the base to about their middle. Ovary-rudiment none or obsolete. Ovary 3-or rarely 2-celled, with a single ovule in each cell; styles many as ovary-cells, free or shortly united at the base, entire or 2-cleft. Capsule 8-1l-coccous, dry. Seeds without spermaphore, more or less tubercled-rough. Cotyledons elliptical, usually hard, as long as the radicle.—Shrubs or small trees, with alternate, simple, 3-5-plinerved leaves, at the base 2-6-glandular and often produced into 2 narrow spurious stipules. Stipules usually subulate. Flowers small, the males often clustered and in interrupted, simple or branched spikes, the females forming simple racemes or spikes m the axils of the leaves or at the end of the branches. Leaves elongate-obovate-oblong, short-petioled ; capsules almost labrous . A. rugosa. Leaves more or less ovate, "Jong-petioled ; capsules lenticellate muricate, indistinctly and shortly tomentose . eos 1. A. rugosa, Muell. Arg.—An evergreen shrub (?), the young branchlets and shoots puberulous; stipules long, subulate; leaves elongate-obovate-oblong, rounded or obtuse at the narrowed base d bearing here 3-4 orbicular glands in the lowest nerve-axils, on a puberulous petiole } to nearly an inch long, shortly and rather abruptly bluntish acuminate with a mucro, 2 to'5 in. long, thin- chartaceous, crenate-serrate, glabrous, or beneath on the midrib indistinctly puberulous ; flowers small, the females sessile or nearly so, forming a terminal almost glabrous or sparingly appressed- hispid spike at the end of the branches or axillary ; female calyx 4- parted, the lobes lanceolate, pale tawny-puberulous; ovary densely tawny-puberulous, the 3 styles thick and flat, simple, nearly twice as long as the ovary ; capsules almost sessile or spuriously peduncled, VOL, II, RA . A, tiliefolia. - EUPHORBIACER. [ Alchornea, 3-coccous, the cocci of the size of a small pea, minutely appressed- pubescent, glabrescent. Has.—Upper Tenasserim ; tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl. Apr. 2. A. tiliefolia, Muell. Arg.—An evergreen shrub, the young shoots puberulous ; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-rhomboid, acute or almost truncate, and spuriously 2-stipuled at the 3- or almost 5- nerved base, bearing | to 3 large flat glands in the lowest nerve- axils, shortly acuminate, on a puberulous glabrescent petiole 1-3 in. long, repand-toothed, 4-6 in. long, thin-chartaceous, while young puberulous, soon glabrescent, except on the nerves beneath ; flowers small, the males clustered, in slender, puberulous, interrupted spikes arising by 2-3 from the axils of the leaves or from above the scars’ of the fallen ones, the females on very short, thick, densely puber- ulous pedicels or almost sessile, forming simple terminal spikes or the lower flowers often collected into short, lateral, involucred spike- lets; ovary shortly tomentose and minutely muricate, the styles long, simple, connate at the base; capsules oblong, 8-coccous, almost sessile, or the lower ones spuriously peduncled, lenticellate- muricate and indistinctly puberulous, about 4 in. long, crowned with the long styles. ; Has.—Tenasserim or Andamans. MACARANGA, Pet. Thouars. _ _Flowers dioecious. Calyx in males valvate, in females imbricate in bud. Petals and disk wanting. Stamens usually fewer than 15, rarely 1-3 only, inserted on a central, convex or plano-convex re- ceptacle; anthers almost peltately dorsifix, $-4-celled, the connec- tive incomplete, shorter than the cells. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 6-2-celled, with a single ovule ineach cell. Capsule dry or coriaceous, 6-2-coccous, armed or unarmed. Seeds albuminous, without a spermaphore ; cotyledons broad, much longer than the radicle.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate, often peltate, simple leaves. Flowers in panicles, racemes or spikes, rarely in involucred long- peduncled heads. Leaves ample, broadi ; x Female flowers veer ae oe png in icelled. Inflorescence a panicle. . M. denticulata. - wanting : oe -coccous M, Indica. Macaranga.| EUPHORBIACER. 387 Bracts leafy, toothed or pectinate, acuminate, 2-4 lin, long, with- out gland, in females larger ; capsules 2-3-coccous, subulate- prickl ¢ : 3 3 ‘ F : 3 * *& Leaves not peltate. x owers in bractless panicles, females forming 2 . WM. Tanarius. a terminal long-peduncled bracted head Branchlets glabrous; leaves minutely pubescent, more or less ovate; bracts lacerate-toothed ; styles $ an in. long; capsules 2-coccous, red-glandular and laxly subulate-muricate , . MU. membranacea. Leaves oblong, glabrous ; bracts entire ; styles an in. long ; ovary most glabrous. : : : ‘ 4 , < , M. Andamanica. X X Male flowers in leafy but small-bracted slender panicles ; females unknown, Branchlets and leaves densely puberulous; flowers 2-androus ; anicles lax and slender, large ; : : . : » M. minutiflora. Leaves glabrous, opaquely glaucescent beneath; flowers monand- rous ; panicles dense and crowded, small 3 ‘ . UM, populifolie. 1, M. denticulata, Muell. Arg.—Toung-hpek-wam.—An ever- | green tree (40—60 + 15—30+5—8), the youn rts densely and minute, the males minute, sessile, in small clusters sup ya Hap.—Frequent in the tropical forests from Arracan, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Mare r.—s.—SS. = Metam. SiS. Remarxs.—Wood red-brown, adapted for cabinet-work. Exudes a red resin, 2. M. Indica, Wight ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 211, t. 287,—An evergreen tree (50—60 +20—30+6—11), the young parts covered with a tawny or rusty-coloured fugaceous tomentum, the branch- lets strong and glabrescent, glaucescent ; stipules large, ovate- oblong, acute, fugaceously tomentose ; leaves more or less orbi- 388 EUPHORBIACES, { Macaranga. cular-ovate or ovate, peltate at the rounded or rarely slightly truncate many-nerved base, on a glabrescent petiole 3 to 6 in. long, shortly acuminate, almost coriaceous, $-1 ft. long and nearly as broad, entire or slightly repand-toothed, glabrous above, shortly but softly pubescent and brown-gland-dotted beneath ; flowers minute, the males sessile in dense clusters, supported by a linear bract bearing a large disk-shaped gland (looking like a lichen-apothecium) and subulately appendaged, the female fl on rather long pedicels, supported by similar linear bracts with a terminal gland, but with- out the appendage, both sexes forming rusty or tawny-puberulous, more or less glabrescent, short-peduncled panicles in the axils of the leaves and above the scars of the fallen ones; stamens 8-5; ovary usually l-celled, glandular, the style subulate, flexuose ; capsules 1-coccous, reniform-globular, the size of a pepper-kernel or somewhat larger, unarmed, fugaceously glandular Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andaman Islands.—Fl. May.—s.—SS, = SiS. Metam. Remarxs.—Exudes a red resin similar to that of M. denticulata. appressedly hispid, 2-3-celled; styles 2, subulate; capsules 3-2- coccous, the size of alarge pea, yellowish-resinous-glanded, sparingly beset with long, subulate, soft prickles. ae Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the Andamans.— Fl. Apr-— s.—SS. = Metam. SiS. . Remarxs.—Exudes a reddish resin. - 4 M. minutiflora, Muell. Arg—A shrub, all softer parts more or less shortly pubescent; leaves more or less ovate, not peltatey Macaranga.| EUPHORBIACER. 389 rounded or truncate-rounded at the 3-5-nerved base, on a densely puberulous petiole 1-2 in. er Rie ich an callose-repand- toothed, 2-4 in. long, membra above shortly puberulous or rough and sparingly sia catel ecenth gland-dotted and more or less densely puberulous, the nerves and parallel transverse vein- tion thin ; male flowers minute, sessile, Sawin furnished with a Di tant toothed, ovate-lanceolate, leafy, acuminate, pubescent bract 3-4 lin. long, forming slightly bexashdd, slatsioe or almost filiform, greyish puberulous, interrupted, panicled or sometimes simple ‘spikes in the axils of ue leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones ; stamens usually 2 only Si Tunnboeriin. 5. M. populifolia, Muell. Arg—An evergreen tree, the young shoots greyish puberulous ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, puberous or puberulous ; leaves ovate to elliptically lanceolate, on a slender thinly puberulous petiole 2-3 in. long, rounded at the base, 23-4 in. long, bluntish and rather abruptly acuminate, imenmbrkhous, glabrous or indistinctly puberulous on the nerves beneath, opaquely glaucescent and minutely and densely resinous-dotted on the under- ; flowers minute, densely clustered, bracted and forming Has.—Tropical forests of the Andamans. M. Andamanica, Kz.—An evergreen small tree, all parts eas stipules minute, subulate ; yonres oblong to gto as at the narrowed base auricled-rounded, 0 a rather strong pene very variable in length ($-14 in.), sin remotely repand, chartaceous, 2-5 in. long, glabrous, beneath BR ai in the reticulations ; female flowers solitary or few, within 2 leafy bracts, on a slender stiff peduncle in the axils of the leaves sud usually as long or somewhat shorter than them ; involucre-bracts ovate, sessile, about an inch long, bluntish to bluntish acuminate, entire ; ovary apparently glabrous, the styles an inch long. His .—Tropical forests of the Andamans.—Fl, B.S. 7. M. membranacea, Kz.—A small, erect, almost simple shrub branched - jena 2-4 ft. eg ie young parts puberulous, the eee glabrescent and glaucescent-fuscous ; stipules small, 3 vem ovate to almost oblong-ovate, not peltate, somewhat ae r almost sinuate at the 3-nerved rounded base, ona 390 EUPHORBIAGEA, | Macaranga. cent peduncle arising from the axils of the leaves ; calyx urceolate, the tubular limb embracing the style-base, greyish pubescent ; ovary reddish glandular and hirsute, the 2 styles } in. long, filiform, glabrous; capsules 2-coccous and 2-lobed, the cocci of the size of a small pea, reddish gland-powdered and laxly covered with filiform, ae smooth, soft bristles ; seeds spherical, brown, smooth and rous. & Hap—Not unfrequent in the drier hill forests, especially the pine forests, of Martaban, at’ 4,000 to 6,000 ft. elevation ; also Ava hills.—Fr. Sept.—SS.= CLEIDION, BI. _ _Flowers dioecious. Calyx 3-5-parted, valvate in the males, imbrieate in the females. Petals and disk none, or rarely the latter oan in the females. Stamens numerous, free, clustered an parted, minutely papillose on the inner face. Capsule 2- or 3-coc- cous. Seeds y i sth Male flowers slenderly pedicelled; petiole 2-3 in. long... . C. Javanicum. Male flowers sessile ; petiole 2-4 lin. long , ‘ Be ; : . C, nitidum, 1. C. Javanicum, Bl. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr. t. 272.—An evergreen tree (30—40+12—20+3—4), all parts quite glabrous; se lin pony ake Se al flowers small, on slender — a nd minutely his icels, usually by 2 to 5 ther, forming = slender almost glabrous racemes in A i! ne 7 flowers much larger, on a very long pedicel thickened upwards, soli- Cleidion.| ° EUPHORBIACER. 391 tary in the axils of the leaves ; ovary slightly puberulous, the styles and their branches unusually long; capsules ona 3 to 4 in. long peduncle, usually 3- or 2-coccous, about an inch in diameter, glab- rous; seeds almost spherical, smooth, white-variegated, the size of a large pea, opaque. Ha uent in the tropical forests, from Chittagong and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. Feb.-March; Fr. May-June.—s. —8S.—Metam. SiS. REMARKS.— Wood uniformly white or yellowish, rather heavy, fibrous, but close-grained, soft, takes good polish, but is perishable. 2. O. nitidum, Thw.—An evergreen small tree, all parts quite glabrous ; leaves broadly to elliptically lanceolate, on a strong 2-3 lin. long petiole, acuminate at both ends, repand-toothed from globular in bud. i Has.—Rather rare in the tropical forests of South Andaman.—Fl. Apr.- ay.—s. : BLUMEODENDRON, Kz. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the males valvate, 3-parted. Petals none. Disk in the males gland-like. Stamens numerous, free, on an elevated central receptacle. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell. Capsule large, fibrous-woody, 1. B, Tokbrai, 6), all parts glabrous; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, on a 1- Pp rather small, glabrous, pedicelled, in short racemes; hypogynous lands minute, thick, orbicular-ovate ; filaments free ; capsules almost, globose, 2- or 3-coccous, divided by an elevated line, about 1-14 in. across, fibrous-woody, brown, glossy ; seeds purple, covered Haz.— March-Apr.—s.—88,=Si \ 392 EUPHORBIACER. [ Coelodiscus. COELODISCUS, Baill. Flowers dioecious. Calyx valvate, in the males 4-5-parted, in the females 3-5-cleft. Petals none. Hypogynous disk none or de- veloped. Stamens numerous, on a depressed-concave receptacle or round a central disk, free or variously and shortly polyadelphous; anthers 2-rimose, the connective not produced. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 5-3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles as many as ovary-cells, simple, papillose. Capsule 5-2-coccous, dry. Seeds almost globular, shortly arillate-—Shrubs, with alternate or opposite simple leaves 3- to 7-nerved at the base. Flowers small, in axillary clusters, short spikes or racemes, the flower-buds always apiculate. Flowers pedicelled or sessile, in elongate racemes or spikes. Flowers sessile, in elongate interrupted spikes . : é . C. eriocarpoides. Flowers on long pedicels, in racemes. ; . ‘ “ - C. longipes. * > Flowers sessile, in clusters or very dense short spikes. O Leaves pubescent on both sides. Capsules the size of a cherry, densely and softly muricate, the soft 0 pubescent prickles about 3 lin. | a > : . &. lappaceus. eaves glabrescent or almost glabrous. Petiole 1-3 in. long; branched shrub, : ; ‘ : - C. glabriusculus. Petiole 4 to 12 in. long; simple-stemmed low shrub ‘ . . C. hirsutulus, . 1. C. eriocarpoides, tawny puberulous ; leaves obovate to ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse cuously 3-nerved base (the 2 lateral basal nerves almost marginal), on a puberulous petiole $ to nearly 14 in. long, acuminate, 3 to 6 Has.—Upper Tenasserim. la eer Kz.—An evergreen shrub, all softer parts 2. C. lap densely and s ortly stellate-pubescent ; leaves opposite or nearly so, elliptically oblong fa ovate-elliptical, rounded or obtuse at the 5 or a e anous, 2 in. rough above, beneath shortly and densely stellate-pubescent an strongly nerved and transversely veined ; flowers small, sessile or Coelodiscus.| EUPHORBIACER. 393 nearly so, in short (not an inch long), tawny-tomentose, dense spikes resting on a short naked peduncle arising from the axils of the leaves; bracts longer than the flowers, conform with the sti- pules and linear-subulate ; male sepals 5, valvate, tawny-tomentose ; stamens numerous; disk size of a cherry, pale tawny-tomentose and densely covered with long, pilose, soft, subulate prickles, 5-3-coccous. Has.—Ava, in the Irrawaddi valley. —Fr. Sept. 3. C. hirsutulus, Kz.—A leaf-shedding, low, simple-stemmed shrub or undershrub 1-2 ft. high, the compressed young branchlets hispid ; leaves almost orbicular, opposite, about 5-6 in. long an nearly as broad, cordate and almost obscurely maculate at the 7- . linear, somewhat longer than the calyx; male calyx more Has.—Not unfrequent in the drier upper mixed and the dry forests of the A aga from Prome to the Irrawaddi zone of Pegu.—Fl. Feb.—l.—S8.—CaS. 4. C. glabriusculus, Kz.—A_ leaf-shedding, small, more or less branched shrub, about 2-4 ft. high, the branchlets compressed, the young shoots puberulous ; leaves opposite, elliptically ovate to broadly elliptical, rounded to almost cordate at the 8- to 7-nerved but prominent; male flowers small, glabrous and orange- coloured inside, tawny-tomentose outside, sessile, in small globular or oblong spikes or clusters in the axils of the leaves and above the Scars of the fallen ones ; sepals 3, 3-angular-ovate, acute ; stamens numerous, glabrous. Has.—Frequent in ixed forests, especially the drier ones, along Pang chiefly. i the i sid cabin Mutated TS Jan.-March.—l,— SS=SiS, Metam, Kz.—A leaf-shedding low shrub, 1 to 2 ft. _ oC. longi _ high, with a ie thick root, the young shoots shortly and densely 394 EUPHORBIACER. [ Coelodiscus. soft-pubescent, the older branchlets compressed, slightly pubescent ; leaves opposite, variable, from. almost orbicular to obovate-ellipti- eal, rounded or rarely almost cordate at the 9- to 5-nerved base, on a pubescent glabrescent petiole 4-3 in. long, abruptly acute or slightly acuminate, 3-4 in. long and sometimes nearly as broad, membranous, while young pubescent beneath and, stellate-puberu- lous on the nerves and veins, more or less glabrescent, the nerva- tion thin ; flowers orange-yellow, on pubescent pedicels of 1 to 2 and even more inches length, forming pubescent racemes arising from the base of the stem or from the axils of the leaves or from tomentose, 3-cleft, the segments 3-angular-ovate; stamens very numerous, glabrous; ovary muricate and stellately hispid, 3- or 2- celled ; stigmas 3 or 2, sessile, crimson-papillose ; capsules resting on the elongate 2-4 in. lon uncle, 3- and 2-coccous, minutely but densely tawny-stellate-hispid, shortly muricate, the cocci of the size of a pea; seeds almost spherical, dull-brown and opaque, with a white fleshy aril at the base. Has.— Frequent in the drier upper mixed, the Eng and dry forests, from Ava a ore down to Pegu.—Fl. Jan.-March ; Fr, March-Apr—l.—SS.= HYMENOCARDIA, Endl. Flowers dioecious, the males in eatkin-like spikes. Calyx 5- parted or rarely 5-7-toothed, persistent, valvate in bud. Petals — and disk wanting. Males: stamens 5 or numerous; filaments at the base united round an ovary-rudiment; anthers ovoid, 2-rimose. Females: ovary 2-celled, more or less compressed, with a solitary shrubs, the young parts more or less orange-gland-dotted, with sim- : ple leaves. Male flowers in densely bracted catkin-like spikes, the females solitary or in poor cymes or racemes. Leaves 1-23 in. long; mal : : ichii. Leaves 2 in long male face up to 6'Me logs stances numerous re A ‘ 2 z . A. plicata. 1. H. Wallichii, Tul.—Ye-Zin.—A tree (15—25+3—64+1— 3), often remaining a shrub of 6-10 ft, high, leafless in H:S., the . h = Hymenoeardia.4 BUPHORBIACER. 395 glabrous, beneath golden-lepidote and puberulous, chartaceous ; male spikes densely lepidote, puberulous, yellow, up to 2 in. long, solitary or by 2-3 from the axils of the leaves or from above the sears of the fallen ones, the females shortly pedicelled, in poor pubescent racemes ; ovary much compressed, the long styles crimson papillose ; capsules very flat-compressed, twice as broad as long, nerved, brown, glossy, nearly 4 an in. long. Has.—Common in the swamp forests and along the marshy borders of choungs in the savannahs, from Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasserim,—Fl. March-Apr. ; Fr. Apr.-May.—s x1.—SS.—All. Remarxs.—Wood rather heavy, of unequal fibre, pale brown, then red- brown, close-grained, rather hard and brittle. scars of the fallen ones, while young bracted and catkin-like, the _ females sessile, solitary, forming similar elongate simple spikes; calyx globular in bud, almost glabrous; stamens free, numer- ous; ovary 2-merous, compressed, densely gland-dotted, trans- hia wrinkled, the 2 styles short and large, densely papillose- ous, Haz.—Frequent in the swamp forests and in swampy depressions of the savannah forests of the alluvial plains of Pegu and Martaban down to Tenasse- -—Fi. Feb.-March.—s x 1—88.—All. RemaRKs.—Wood 0’=35 ; break-weight=153-170 pd. CLAOXYLON, A. Juss. Flowers dioecious or occasionally monoecious. Calyx valvate in bud, in the males 3- or rarely 4-, in the females 3- to 2-parted. | Petals none. Disk-glands usually free, or united in a disk. Sta- mens 6 to very numerous, free, on a central elevated receptacle ; anthers erect, 2-rimose. Ovary-rudiment none, Ovary 3- to 2- or 4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; styles as many as ovary- cells, simple and rather short, papillose-stigmatic, rarely almost smooth. Capsule 3- or rarely 2-4-coccous, fleshy-coriaceous and idurating. Seeds arillate, the arillus pure white or scarlet.—Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely trees, with stipuled, alternate, simple leaves. St toa 396 : EUPHORBIACER. [ Claoaylon. Flowers small, forming axillary simple or branched racemes or spikes. * Capsule minutely or conspicuously puberulous or velvety, rarely glabrous Capsules peduncled, contracted in a short stalk, greyish puberu- lous. : : : : : . . : : - C. longifolium. * %* Capsule densely covered with soft pubescent or hirsute Leaves penninerved, scabrous, but not hairy re ; : Leaves ample, 3- or almost 5-nerved at base and strongly veined, hispid-rough above, stellate-pubescent beneath . : : C. longipetiolatum. C. leucocarpum. 1. C, longifolium, Baill.—An evergreen shrub or small tree, 4 to 10 ft. high and higher, with hollow stem, the young shoots appressed silky puberulous and roughish; leaves oblong-lanceo- late to lanceolate, on a rough petiole }-14-2 in. long, penni- nerved, acuminate or acute at the base, 24 to 6 in. long, abruptly acuminate, repand-toothed or crenate-serrate, rough, thick-mem- branous, more or less minutely puberulous beneath; flowers small, greyish pubescent, the males forming axillary, longer, slender, the pedicelled females shorter, greyish pubescent racemes in the axils of the leaves; capsules 3-coccous, narrowly contracted at the base, on a 1-2 lin. long peduncle, the size of a large pea, densely and minutely greyish puberulous. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the pices also frequent on the Andamans,—FI., Apr.-May.—s.—SS.=Si8. 2. ©, longipetiolatum, Kz.—An evergreen meagre shrub or small tree 8 to 15 ft. high, with a fistulose stem, the young shoots appressed-pubescent ; leaves elliptical to ovate-oblong, acute, obtuse, or rarely almost cordate at the base, on a 3 to 5 in. long petiole, abruptly and shortly but finely acuminate, 4-8 in. long, thick-mem- branous, waved-crenate or slightly crenate-toothed, penninerved, rough on both sides, slightly appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flowers small, the males in nodding appressed greyish his- ~ pid racemes; capsules deeply 3-lobed, covered with soft hirsute prickles, crowned by the simple papillose-fimbriate styles, 3-coc- cous, the cocci of the size of a pea. Has.—Frequent in clearings an i in = topical forest of the Par Yoon Lae, Mataben FL hee Mage ae — » se 3. C. leucoc Kz.—An evergreen, meagre, low shrub, Bt. ft, high, vith a. bello nici, the pouig, shocte ial pubescent ; leaves ample, broadly ovate, rounded or almost cordate at the strongly 3- or almost 5-nerved base, on a shortly pubescent slabrescent petiole 3 to 8 in. long, about a foot long and — as broad, shortly and rather bluntish acuminate, repand-toothe . Claoxylon.| EUPHORBIACER. 397 membranous, above rough from short, stiff, often stellate hairs, beneath shortly stellate-pubescent, the nerves and transverse veina- tion strong and prominent ; female flowers shortly pedicelled, forming short stellate-tomentose racemes in the axils of the leaves ; calyx stellate-tomentose, the female one unequally 2-sepalled ; ovary densely covered with soft stellate-hispid prickles ; capsules on a puberulous strong peduncle 2-3 lin. long, the size of a small cherry, 3- or rarely 2- or 4-coccous and -lobed, white, fleshy-coria- ceous, crowned by the thick papillose-fringed styles ; seeds almost globular-ovoid, smvoth, the size of a small pea, enveloped in a nearly complete snow-white sappy arillus. Has.—Rare in the tropical forests and along choungs in the upper mixed forests of the Pegu Yomah.—Fr. Jan.—s.—SS.=Si8. ACALYPHA, L. ‘tacos Bs fruticosa, Forsk.—A leaf-shedding branched shrub, 4-8 ft. high, all softer parts greyish puberulous ; leaves ovate-oblong to ovate, more or less rounded or acute and 3- or almost 5-nerved at € base, on a slender glabrescent petiole $ to an in. long, acumi- nate to acute or rarely blunt while young, 1-2 in. long, membran- ous, roughish above, softly puberulous beneath ; flowers minute, Sreenish, clustered, sessile, forming slender, puberulous, sessile turning broadly ovate, acute, concave, minutely greyish pubescent outside ; ovary appressed greyish pubescent, the styles simple, many-cleft, about 2-3 times longer than the floral bracts. 398 EUPHORBIACER. [ Acalypha. Has.—Frequent along choungs in the tropical forests of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and Martaban up et 2,000 ft. elevation ; also Ava, Kakhyen hills.— Fl. March. —l—SS. =SiS. Meta TRAGIA, Plum. Flowers usually monoecious. Calyx in males 5-3-parted and valvate, in the females 6-5- (rarely 8-3-) parted and imbricate in bud, usually much enlarged in fruit, involucre-like and stingingly hispid. Petals none, Disk developed or not. Stamens 1 to 40, free, or the inner ones more or less connate, round a minute ovary- rudiment, or the latter wanting ; anthers 2-rimose, dorsifix, the connective not produced. Ovary 3- rarely 5-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles 2-5, connate below, simple, more or less papillose on the inner face. Capsule dry, 1-3- or — 5-cell eeds globular, without spermaphore. Arillus none.—Shrubs or Shoe usually twining or her arr with alternate: dire leaves. tipules paired. Flowers small, in racemes term shoots and appearing leaf-opposed ate the fall of ae ates the females at the base of the inflorescen Leaves more * clone pubescent ; female calyx-lobes pinnatifid ; T. involucrata, es large, ainiodt glabrous 5 female calyx: lobes entire ; ’ seeds eT inet tomentose . ZT. Burmanica, 1. T. involucrata, = oe evergreen ae undershrub, 4-6 ft. high, all parts more or less covered with stiff sti inging hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to ovate, acute or obtuse at the 3- | nerved base, on a hispid-pubescent petiole ~ to nearly an in long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, 1 to 3 in. long, membranous, on both gules gel eege gee more or less covered with stiff sting: Has. me f Gatco in ent around villages and along the margins of forests of Lower Pegu.—Fl. F 2. T. Burmanica, Kz.—A large twining shrub, the young parts appressed-puberulous ; leaves large, cor rdate-ovate, on & greyish appressed-puberulous poole 1 to 3 in. long, sinuate-cordate at the 5-nerved base, shortly and abruptly acuminate, thin-charta- ceous, remotely and minutely toothed or almost entire, 2 to 5 im. — Tragia. | EUPHORBIACER. 399 long, above sparingly beset with stiff white bristles, otherwise glabrous or nearly so ; flowers unknown ; peduncles solitary from fruit broadly ovate, leafy, acute, nearly an inch long, densely (outside more sparingly) appressed long-bristly ; capsules 3-coccous, the cocci the size of a large pea, appressed long- and stiff-hirsute, woody, supported by the enlarged 6-leafed calyx ; seeds globular, velvety, — dark-brown mottled. Hazs.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo- —Fr, Apr.-May.—s.—SS.—=Metam. CNESMONE, BI. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 3-cleft or -parted, the male valvate, the female imbricate in the bud. Petals and disk none. Stamens 3, free, round an ovary-rudiment, alternating with the calyx-seg- ments ; anthers 2-rimose, the connective long-exserted beyond the anther-cells and jointed-incurved. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles very thick, connate below, simple, trigonous, toothed-marginated, erect, and forming, so to say, an obovoid head larger than the ovary itself. Capsule dry, 3-coccous. Seeds almost globular, with a jagged arillus.—Twining shrubs, with simple alternate leaves. Flowers in rather short racemes with a few ee flowers at their base, at the end of axillary shoots. 1. C. Javanica, Bl.—An evergreen large twining shrub, all parts daecnly and softly but stingingly pubescent ; leaves oblong- ovate, cordate at the 3- or nearly 5-nerved base, on a deneels pubes- cent petiole } to 14 in. long, shortly acuminate, 3-5 n. long, ser- Has =a the tropical oe ats 7 Dipset. —Fi. 3 Seong p. DALECHAMPIA, Plum. Flowers of both sexes included in a 2-leaved compressed in- volucre, Calyx in males 4-5-parted, vatvate in females, 5-12- 4.00 EUPHORBIACER. [Dalechampia. parted, imbricate in bud. Petals none. Disk none, or rarely rudimentary in the females. Stamens numerous, or rarely few, situated on an elevated central receptacle, the filaments united in the summit. Capsule 3-4-coccous, dry. Seeds without sperma- phore. Cotyledons ovate, complanate-—Shrubs, usually scandent or twining, with alternate penni- or palmati-nerved, simple-lobed or igitate leaves. Stipules paired. Flowers clustered within the leafy involucre, terminating a longer or shorter axillary peduncle. © _ 1. D, scandens, L.—An evergreen large twining shrub, the younger parts more or less pubescent; leaves deeply 3-lobed, 5- nerved at the cordate base, on a pubescent petiole 1-2 in. long, chartaceous, 2-4 in. long, the lobes more or less lanceolate, acumi- nate, usually obsoletely serrate ; flowers sessile, bracted, in a large leafy involucre at the end of a 2-3 in. long, puberulous, spuriously axillary peduncle ; involucre-leaflets cordate-ovate, 3-lobed almost to the middle, serrulate ; bracts of female flowers entire ; calyx-lobes of females pinnatifid-cut, hirsute; ovary shortly tomentose; capsules the size of a pea, 3-coccous, smooth, crustaceous-woody. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical and moister upper mixed forests of the southern parts of the Pegu Yomah; entering also the toungyas.—Fr. Jan. —s : 1—SS.=SiS. . RICINUS, L. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, both sexes valvate in bud. Petals and disk wanting. Stamens very numerous, united into many botryomorph bundles arranged on a plano-convex receptacle; anthers 2-celled, globular-didymous, dorsifix. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; styles 3, connate below, 2-parted, papillose. Capsule dry, 3-coccous. Seeds with a sperma- phore. Albumen copious, oily. Cotyledons large, the radicle short.—Trees or shrubs, with alternate, palmati-lobed, peltate leaves. Flowers rather small, in racemes or contracted panicles bearing the females at the lower part. Bracts membranous, subulate, s 1. R. communis, L.; Brand. For. Fl.,445.—Kyek-su-pen.—AD evergreen shrub or treelet (15—20 + 8—12 + 1—14), flowermg already in the first year of growth while still herbaceous, all parts glabrous, the softer branchlets pruinous ; leaves peltate and palmati- lobed, on a } to a foot long petiole, membranous, about } to 2 ft. mM diameter, glabrous, the lobes oblong-lanceolate or narrower, acute r acuminate, usually doubled-gland-serrate ; flowers pedicelled, rather large, forming a simple or more usually panicled pruinous raceme : Ricinus.| EUPHORBIACER. 401 at the end of the branchlets ; capsules echinate or rarely unarmed, ovoid-globular, varying in size from that of a cherry to nearly an inch long, 3- rarely 4-coccous ; seeds oblong, smooth, variegated. HaB.—Generally cultivated all over Burma, and often like wild in rubbish _— round villages, in dese toungyas, and more especially along river anks.— Fl. Fr. C.8.—sx 0. _ Remarxs.—Yields a white resin. The castor-oil is derived from the seeds, which make also valuable oil-cakes ; they are also used by dyers for fixing colours. A sort of silkworm is fed upon its leaves. HOMONOYA, Lour. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of males 3-parted and valvate, of females 5-parted and imbricate in the bud. Petals and disk none, Stamens very numerous, united into many botryomorph bundles 1. H, riparia, Lour. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 212, t. 24, f. 1; Brand. For. Fl., 445.—Mo-ma-kha.—An evergreen branched shrub from a few to 6 ft. high, the young parts greyish pubescent; leaves linear to linear-oblong, acute at the base, on a puberulous peti i long, 3-6 in. long, more or less acuminate, minutely and obsoletely (often glandular-) serrulate-toothed, almost coriaceous, glabrescent or almost glabrous above, beneath densely and shortly greyish puberulous and glandular-scaly, or more usually almost glabrous and densely glandular-scaly ; flowers of both sexes sessile, in axillary Sreyish pubescent spikes; calyx of males indistinctly puberous or glabrous, of females greyish pubescent ; capsules 3-coccous, the an of a pepper-kernel, greyish velvety-tomentose ; seeds small, rown. HaB.—Very frequent in and along the rocky or pebbly beds of streams and streamlets in al Sseceta of Burma, ee Ava and Chittagong down to Tenas- serim.— Fl. C.S, ; Fr. H.S.—l.—SS.—=Metam. SiS., ete. MANTIHOT, Plum. Flowers dioecious. Calyx in both sexes imbricate, the female One deciduous. Petals ‘ibe. Disk in both sexes developed and urceolate. Stamens 10, free, in 2 series, inserted on the flat receptacle round the disk; anthers 2-rimose. Ovary-rudiment Present or its place empty. Ovary usually surrounded by 10 VOL. II. 2B 402 EUPHORBIACER. { Manihot. staminodes, 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; styles 3, very short, connate; stigmas broad, 3-lobed, the lobes aber 2- lobed. Capsules 3-coceous, the cocci rekitos Seeds with a strong spermaphore. Cotyledons broad.—Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sometimes tuberose, with alternate usually palmati-lobed_ leaves. see paired. Flowers rather conspicuous, in corymb-li panicles. -. anges Fon. — Pooloo-pinan-myouk.—An e simple-stemmed or ringly branched shrub 6-10 ft. hich, with a large tuberous oe oe es 3 ft. long, all parts quite glabrous and- somewhat glaucous; stipules lanceolate-su ulate, very deciduous ; ee deeply 3-7-lobed (occasionally the one or other leaf 7 e and palmately 3-nerved), on a 2-10 in. long petiole, mem- ladda, 3-8 in. across each way, glabrous, more or less lai beneath, the lobes oblong-lanceolate to elongate. obovate-oblong, entire, acuminate ; flowers greenish white or reddish, on slender pedicels, forming terminal, glabrous, pruinous, corymb- like panicles ; cic glabrous, in males 1-2, in the females up to 4 lin. long; d in males nore capsules globular-ellipsoid, the size of a cherry, wrinkled-rough. Has 15.—Generaly cultivated with Burmans and Karens, especially in toungyas.— Fl. R. REMAR sees is the tapioca, maniok or cassava, the roots of which are poisonous, pe when cooked furnish wholesome food. JATROPHA, L. Flowers usually mennationt, Calyx 5-parted, in both sexes tmbsioste. in the bud, Petals in both sexes present or not. Glands disk opposite the calyx- Pe Stamens 30 to 10, in 6 to 2 pe central ; filaments connate at the base ; aan 2-rimose, the cells free below. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovar in each cell ; styles’ as as many as ovary-cells, ‘connate at the base, simply or twice 2-cleft. Capsule dry, 2-4-coccous. Seeds with Stipules in pairs. Flowers often in terminal, dichotomously branched, “oleate panicles bearing the females in the forks of the branchings Leaves not ee, angular-lobed, the lobes and sti pules entire . J. curcas, Honres. not it , palmately lobed, the lobes glandular-toothed, a stipules long: glandular-brig stly . ae glandulifera. ale gee not on sa a intely multifid, the lobes entire or lobed, stipules hair. lacerate, without glands oe multifida. Jatropha. | EUPHORBIACER, 403 angular, 5- or rarely 3-lobed, sometimes entire, up to 6 in. across each way, membranous, glabrous, the lobes entire, the lateral ones acute or blunt, the terminal one usually shortly acuminate ; flowers yellowish, on rather short pedicels, forming fugaceously floecose - rather small corymb-like panicles on 1-2 in. long peduncles arising from the axils of the leaves or spuriously terminal ; calyx glabrous or slightly puberulous ; petals about 2 lin. long, yellowish; stamens 10, in 2 series, the filaments of the outer ones far down free 3 ovary smooth ; styles 3, shortly 2-cleft ; capsules 3-coccous, the size of a large cherry, fibrous-woody, smooth; seeds large, somewhat com- pressed-ellipsoid. Has.—Generally cultivated with the Burmans, especially as a hedge tree round gardens and villages, sometimes found as an escape in rubbishy places.— Fi. Fr.o.—s.—SS.=0. All, Remarxs.— Wood soft, spongy, white, yields a resin. 2. J. glandulifera, Roxb.—An evergreen treelet (4—8 + 1—2 +4—1), with a thick unequal trunk, all parts glabrous; stipules many-cleft, long-glandular-bristly ; leaves not peltate, palmately 3-5-lobed, on a sparingly but strongly glandular-muricate petiole 2-3 in. long, membranous, glabrous, about 3-5 in. ong and broad, the lobes acute or shortly acuminate, minutely and densely glandu- lar-toothed ; flowers greenish yellow, on very short pedicels, forming axillary or terminal, more or less glandular-pubescent, peduncled, corymb-like panicles bearing the females in the forks; bracts glandular-bristly ; calyx sometimes glandular-ciliate ; petals united at their base, about 2 lin. long; capsules ovoid-oblong, the size of a aeeny “stone, 3-coccous and slightly 6-lobed, glabrous, minutely gtanular, Han.—Not unfrequent in rubbishy places round villages and along river trom Chittagong and Ava down to Arracan and Pegu, more frequent in _ the drier parts of Ava.—FI. Fr. o,.—l.—SS.=— 0. All. Ca¥. _ Bemarxs,—Yields a resin. N.B.—J. muitifida, 1., with many-cleft leaves and crimson in- florescence, is very generally cultivated round monasteries and in Burmese gardens. OSTODES, Bl. : _ Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted, in both sexes imbricate in bud, Petals of both sexes developed and imbricate. Hypogynous 404 , EUPHORBIACER. { Ostodes. glands alternating with the petals. Stamens more or less numer- ous, free, on a central convex receptacle; anthers 2-rimose. Ovary- rudiment none. Ovary usually 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; stigmas 3, sessile, simple. Capsule woody, 3- or 2-coc- cous. Seeds without arillus or spermaphore.—Trees, with alter- nate, simple, penninerved leaves. Flowers usually in axillary panicles. Leaves not distichous ; flowers panicled : eos . O. paniculata. Leaves distichous; flowers in axillary clusters O, Helferi. 1. O. panic , Bl.—An evergreen tree (50—60+15—25+4 —6), all parts glabrous; bark 4 in. thick, brown, tubercled; cut pale-coloured ; leaves elliptically ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse at the 3-nerved base, on a slender petiole 14 in. to nearly a foot long, acuminate, callose-repand-toothed, membranous, glabrous, some- what pale-coloured beneath ; flowers yellowish white, rather small, -on jointed 1-2 lin. long pedicels, forming more or less ample minutely pubescent or almost glabrous panicles arising singly or usually by pairs from the axils of the leaves or from above the sears of the fallen ones; calyx smooth; petals orbicular, pubes- cent at the base inside; ovary silky-pubescent ; capsules depressed- globular, about an inch in diameter, 3-coccous, woody, with a some- what fleshy epicarp, glabrous ; seeds large, glossy, obsoletely keeled on the back. Has.—Not unfrequent in the damp hill forests and the tropical forests of Martaban east of Tounghoo, at 2,000 to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. March. —s.—SS.=Metam. REMARKS.—Wood rather heavy, of an unequal fibre, but close-grained, white, turning yellowish, rather soft. 2. O. Helferi, Muell. Arg.—Branchlets densely verrucose-lenti- cellate, glabrous or the extremities and the very young leaves appressed-pubescent, but soon turning glabrous; leaves obovate- lanceolate, on a 14-3 in. long petiole, obtuse at the base, 7-10 in. long, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, entire, coriaceous, membran- ous, glabrous, the veination thin; flowers small, on short pedicels distichously bracted at the base, by 6-10, forming fascicles shorter or hardly longer than the petiole; male calyx usually 6- rarely 5- parted, nearly 14 lin. in diameter, the lobes ovate, acute ; petals m males rigid, pubescent; male receptacle rather densely crisped- pilose ; female flowers and fruit unknown.— (After Muell. Arg:) Has.—Upper Tenasserim. CODIAEUM, Rumph. Flowers monoecious. Calyx usually 5- rarely 3-parted, in both sexes imbricate in the bud. Disk developed, outside the stamens. Codiaeum. | EUPHORBIACER. 405 Petals alternating with the sepals, rarely absent or rudimentary in _ the females. Stamens varying in number, free, inserted on the central elevated receptacle; anthers 2-rimose. Ovary-rudiment Flowers in elongate racemes ; ovary glabrous, the styles simple. C, variegatum. Racemes corymbose, glabrous; ovary hirsute, the styles 2- cle : § : . ; z : ; . - C. Andamanicum. Umbels from a pubescent-bracted head on a pubescent axillary Re) ° : 5 : ; ‘ ‘ ° - C. (?)lutescens. 1. C. variegatum, Bl.—An evergreen shrub, 4-8 ft. high, all parts glabrous ; leaves variable, from oblong to elongate-linear, obtuse or acute at the base, on }-1 in. long petiole thickened at the apex, 2-6 in. long and longer, blunt to bluntish apiculate, almost coriaceous, entire or waved, glabrous, green or variously variegated ; flowers rather small, slenderly pedicelled, forming glabrous elon- gate racemes in the axils of the leaves; calyx 5-parted, glabrous ; petals shorter than the calyx, rudimentary, white ; hypogynous glands in males orange-coloured, almost crescent-shaped, in females connate, annular ; stamens numerous, free; ovary glabrous; styles 3, long, simple, subulate. Has.—Frequently cultivated in villages, especially round khyoungs, all over Burma.—F. begin. of R.S.—s. 2. C. Andamanicum, Kz.—An evergreen large shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves from obovate-oblong to elliptical, acute or obtuse at the base, on a 3-10 lin. long petiole, shortly and bluntish lobes rounded, glabrous, those of the females ovate, acute; petals m males small, the hypogynous glands large, trigonous, truncate, styles 3, very long, deeply 2-cleft; capsules on a short nodding cal, -grey and variegated. Haz.—Very frequent in the tropical forests of the Andaman Islands.—Fl. Fr. Apr.-June.—s,—SS.=SiS, - C, (2) lutescens, Kz.—An evergreen large (dioecious ?) shrub, 3 8-12 ft. high, the young shoots slightly puberulous ; leaves lanceo- 406 EUPHORBIACER. [ Codiaeum, late, occasionally somewhat faleate, acuminate at the base, on a puberulous glabrescent petiole 2-3 lin. long, bluntish acuminate, chartaceous, glabrous, penninerved, yellowish in a dried state ; male flowers minute, on capillary 2-3 lin. long pedicels, umbelled from a globular pubescent-bracted head terminating the puberulous 3- din. long peduncle, arising solitary from the axils of the leaves or — from above their scars; calyx 3-parted, slightly imbricate in bud, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 4 lin. long, acute, shortly ap- pressed-hispid outside ; stamens about 8-12, inserted round asmooth yellow centre within a rather broad continuous (5-lobed?) disk; petals none; female flowers, etc., unknown. : igen bamboo jungles on Middle Andaman along Middle Straits.—Fl. pru. TRIGONOSTEMON, Bl. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-toothed or -parted, imbricate in bud. Petals present or suppressed. Stamens indefinite or definite, in 1 or more whorls on a central receptacle not elevated ; anthers 2-rimose, Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; styles 8, connate at the base, once or twice dicho- tomously branched. Capsule 3-coccous, dry. Seeds without sper- maphore or arillus.—Trees or shrubs, with simple alternate leaves ; _ in pairs. Flowers minute, in axillary racemes, spikes or clusters. * Inflorescence appressed-tawny hirsute; leaves very shortly irsute ', ©. longifolium. . ° rm ° : vt latum, 1. T. longifolium, Baill—An evergreen small tree or shrub, ingly pubescent while young, soon glabrescent above and more oF ess so beneath, or puberulous or pubescent along the nerves; flowers small, on short hirsute pedicels, forming a simple tawny appressed-hirsute raceme in the axils of the leaves; calyx-lobes about a line long, entire, appressed-hirsute ; petals obovate, glab- rous; ovary tawny-hirsute ; styles short, shortly 2-lobed. : .—Tenasserim, 2. T. heteranthum, Wight.—A shrub, the leaf-buds and very young shoots pale tawny-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to broad! = Trigonostemon. | EUPHORBIACER. 407 lanceolate, on a 2-4 in. long petiole thickened at the apex, obtuse at the base, long-acuminate, 4-7 in. long, chartaceous, remotel oi obsoletely repand-toothed or entire, glabrous; flowers rather mall, on capillary pedicels up to } in. long, forming a very slender snisintely puberulous raceme or raceme-like panicle in the axils of the upper leaves; lobes of male calyx ovate or obovate, entire, those of the female triangular-ovate, long-acuminate, glandular- fringed ; hypogynous glands in both sexes free ; petals obovate ; ovary glabrous, the styles shortly 2-lobed. Has.—Tenasserim. ztum, Baill—An evergreen shrub, all parts glabrous, the leaf-buds minutely tawny-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate. to broadly or oblong-lanceolate, on a 1-2 in. long petiole thickened at the apex, obtuse at the base, obsoletely and remotely repand- toothed, 4-6 in. long, thick-chartaceous, long-acuminate, glabrous ; flowers shortly pedicelled, in elongate, minutely pubescent, rather robust spike-like racemes springing from the axils of the leaves ; calyx greyish appressed-pubescent, the lobes of the females ovate- lanceolate, minutely ciliate, entire ; petals puberulous ; hypogy- nous glands i in males distinct, in females united in a 5- lobed cup ; ovary greyish silky-pubescent ; capsules on nearly 3 an in. long peduncles thickened upwards, depressed, about 5 lin. in diatiiotet and half as high, glabrous; seeds almost globular, brown-varie- gated. Hab.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr. GALEARIA, Zoll. & Mor. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes imbricate in bud. Petals induplicate, cochleate- or cucullate-concave. Disk in male owers none. Stamens 10, in 2 series, surrounding the ovary- rudiment, the outer 5 sltarnating with the 5 inner ones ; filaments —— atthe base; anthers 2-rimose, the cells free. Ovary 2- or 3- celled, with a single ovule in each cell ; styles 2 or 3, 2-parted. Drupe indehiscent, usually broader than long, containing a single -seeded stone. Albumen plenty. Embryo transverse, the coty- ledons flat, the radicle small.—Small trees or shrubs, with alter- nate simple leaves. Stipules by pairs. Flowers small, the females usually clustered, forming elongate racemes or a ce 1. @ Wallichii, Kz.—An evergreen little tree or large shrub, the as i branchlets rusty-puberulous ; leaves oblong to linear. - Oblong, aeute at the base, on a rusty-pu — us petiole 2-3 lin. long, Siechtish: saiiabies ate, chartaceous, entir 4-6 in. one: puberu- lous alo ong the nerves beneath, laxly cctivatenl on both sides; 408 EUPHORBIACER. [ Galearia, flowers minute, the males on about 4-1 lin. long puberulous pedi- cels, usually by 2-3 clustered and forming a slender, elongate, tawny or greyish puberulous raceme at the end of the branchlets; calyx tawny-pubescent ; petals concave, inside with a median prominent rib, glabrous; ovary-rudiment densely white-pubescent; drupes (according to Dr. Brandis) the size of a prune, blue and pruinous, broader than long, the stone unequally wrinkled. Haxs.—Tropical forests all over Tenasserim.—Fl. March.—s. MICRODESMIS, Planch. - Flowers dioecious. Calyx in both sexes 5-parted and imbricate in the bud. Petals in both sexes present. Disk none. Stamens minute, scarlet, pedicelled, in axillary clusters: _ CHETOCARPUS, Thv. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of both sexes decussately 4-parted, column, pilose or villous; anthers 2-rimose, basifix. Ovary-rudi- — ment 2-3-cleft. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; with “pia pres a penninerved leaves. Stipules ine ia ! Flowers small, densely clustered on small, cushion-like, scaly-brac tubercles in the leaf-axile ose eincapain iE < Chetocarpus. | EUPHORBIACER. 409 1. Ch, castaneaecarpus, Thw.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 284.—An evergreen tree (30—40 + 12—20 an 3—4), all parts. glabrous or the leaf-buds slightly appressed tawny-pubescent ; leaves ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at the base, on a strong petiole 2-3 lin. long, bluntish acuminate, 3-5 in. long, entire, coriaceous, glab- rous and. glossy, turning blackish in drying; flowers small, on short puberulous pedicels, in small axillary clusters ; ovary 3-celled, densely hispid ; styles sessile, deeply 2-cleft; capsules almost glo- r, 3-coccous, the size of a small cherry, densely covered with rigid retrorse red-brown hispid bristles ; seeds glossy black, with a cone 2-lobed crimson spermaphore. —Frequent in the tropical forests, especially the open ones, from Chittareag, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans,—FI. RS. ; Fr. Jan.-March.—s.—SS.=Metam. SiS. Lat. p. GELONIUM, Roxb. Flowers dioecious, very rarely monoecious. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals none. Disk in males developed or often none, in females urceolate and sometimes accompanied by a few staminodes. Stamens more or less numerous, from 6-60, free, occupying the central elevated disk; anthers 2-rimose, longitudinally adnate. Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 3-2- rarely 4-celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell; stigmas as many as ovary-cells, sessile, 3-2-cleft. Capsule fleshy coriaceous, 3-2- rarely 4- -coccous, with as man seeds, or 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds enveloped in a white arillus.— Trees or shrubs, with distichous, alternate or rarely opposite, simple, penninerved leaves. Flowers usually rather small, in leaf-opposed or axillary clusters. Stigmas large, 2- ney the lobes ——— capsules 8-coccous, the size of a cherry; pedicels glabro - G. multiflorum. Stigmas minute, sessile, 2-cleft; expe usually didymous, the size of a pea; _— els puberulous G. bifarium. Coriaceous ; ovary 3-celled, the 3s stigmas ra rather large but short, 2. cleft, slag acted capsules globular-3-coccous, the size of a try, fleshy-coriaceous, yellow or orange-yellow when fully ripe slabs seeds large, enveloped in a white fleshy arillus, ; oe 410 EUPHORBIACER. [ Gelonium. Has.—More or less frequent in the tropical forests from Arracan, Pegu, and Martaban down to Tenasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May; Fr. May-June.—s.—SS.=Si8. Metam. Remarks.—Wood white, only fit for house-posts and similar purposes, Exudes yellow resin from the buds. : 2. G. bifarium, Roxb.—An evergreen tree (25—30+8—12+ 2—3), all parts glabrous; leaves obovate to elliptical and obovate- lanceolate, acute at the base, on a very short thick petiole, blunt or bluntish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers small, on minutely puberulous pedicels about 2 lin. long, forming sessile clusters oppo- site to the leaves; calyx minutely puberulous, ciliolate; ovary 2- occasionally 3-celled, glabrous, the stigmas minute and very short, sessile, 2-lobed ; capsules fleshy-coriaceous, usually didymous, very rarely 3-coccous, the size of a large pea; seeds globular, enveloped in a white arillus. Has.—In the bamboo jungles on Middle Andaman, along Middle Straits.— Fr. Apr.—s.—SS.—=Metam. BALIOSPERMUM, BI. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Petals none. Disk in both sexes developed, in the females urceolate, in the males gland-like and usually free. Stamens 15 or more, free or connate b irs, on an elevated central receptacle ; en r ute ; leaves sinuate-lobed, glabrous (at least. above) . . B. montanum Ovary densely hirsute ; leaves entire, pubeseent (beneath densely so). B, reidioides. xX X Calyx accrescent in fruit. Hypogynous glands free ; ovary slightly pubescent ; capsules quite glabrous F ‘ # ; ete : iS f st p . B. calycinum. — . B. montanum, Muell. Arg.—WNat-cho.—A large undershrub 3 dshape (the upper ones usually smaller, narrower and shorter q petioled), from oblong and elliptical to obovate- and linear-oblongy simple or more or less sinuate-3-7-lobed, rounded or obtuse at Baliospermum. | EUPHORBIACER. 411 the base, on a 1-3 in. long petiole, remotely and usually coarsely repand-toothed, membranous, from 1 or 1} in. to nearly a foot long, acuminate, glabrous or more usually hirsute along the nerves or rarely over the whole under-surface ; ; flowers minute, the males . on eapillary, the females on shorter pedicels, variously clustered in the axils of the upper leaves or of the reduced floral leaves, and forming terminal or axillary glabrous or appressed- pubescent pani- cles; calyx sparingly appressed-hirsute; stamens very numerous, connate by pairs; hypogynous glands in both sexes connate in a ring; ovary densely appressed-hirsute ; capsules 3-coccous, the cocci obovoid, the size of a pea, minutely and fugaceously hispid; seeds élliptically obovoid, glossy, somewhat marmorated. AB.—Frequent in all tiene deta pi ge rahe i ws mixed and dry ones, all over Burma from ep and Ava down up to 3,000 ft. elevation.— Fl. Fr. D.S.—l.—SS. 1-1} in. long, sonality 2- : in. long, paid brkendck entire, above minutely, beneath densely and softly pubescent; flowers small, on slender pubescent pedicels, forming slender, pubescent, long-peduncled panicles in ~ axils of the leaves; perianth-seements lanceolate, 14-2 lin. long, appressed-hirsute ; oyary and the very young capsules densely da wiejisiiats aB.—Adjoining provinces of Siam.—Fl. H.S. CARUMBIUM, Rwat. Flowers monoecious, or rarely dioecious. pores: 2-3-parted. imbricate in both sexes. Petals and disk none. Stamens 2-3, free or shortly connate ; " snthers 2-rimose, longitadnaly adnate, Ovary-rudiment none. Ovary 2-3- rare ely 4 celled, with a soli- tary ovule in each cell; styles as many as ov vareealia, ‘Gugle or shortly connate. Capsule more or less drupaceous or berry-! ost not or slowly capsular-dehiscing, 2-4-coccous. Seeds with a complete or incomplete spurious arillus.—Trees with alternate simple leaves. Stipules paired. Flowers small, in ter ry racemes or spikes. X Petioles bearing a gland on —N side of the apex. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, entire vol ae -4-coceous ; seeds enve- loped in a white soapy su - _« GC. sebiferum. Leaves more or Lew cliptical or borat, serrulate; arupes nosey - or 1-coccous, berry-like, ar e - C. imsigne. x xX Peticles without glands Leaves entire, more or less glaucescent beneath . § . . C. baecatum, 412 EUPHORBIACER. [ Carumbium., 1. C. sebiferum (Lecoecaria sebifera, Muell. Arg.; Brand. For, Fl., 441).—A tree (830—40+12—20+3—4), shedding leaves in Has.—Rarely cultivated in Burma. EMARKS.—This is the Chinese tallow-tree, of which the white pulp round the seeds is used as tallow, ete. 2. C. insigne (Excoecaria insignis, Muell. Arg. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 214, t. 22, f.5; Brand. For. FI., 442).—A tree (40—50+20— 25-+4—6), leafless during H.S., all parts glabrous ; leaves elliptically lanceolate, acute at the base, on a4-14 in. long petiole 2-glanded at the apex, acuminate, 3-6 in. long, chartaceous, crenate-toothed, glabrous, penninerved ; flowers small, sessile, the sexes on different robust, terminal, glabrous spikes ; bracts minute, the male ones seve- ral-, the female ones 1-flowered ; ovary glabrous, 2-3-celled on the same or on different plants ; styles 2-3, simple, thick, free to the base; drupes didymous or almost globular, 1-3-coccous, yellow, sappy, the size of a cherry-stone, smooth ; seeds enclosed in a crus- taceous 2-valved pyrene, the testa membranous ; albumen plenty and very oily. Has.—Not unfrequent in the tropical forests and along choungs of the se — forests of the Pegu Yomah and ‘Chittagong—Fr. March.—l.— - C. baccatum (Lecoecaria baceata, Muell. Arg.).—Le-lun-pen. —An evergreen tree (30—4.0-+12—20 + 3—5), all parts glabrous, y i : .. e 18) ¥ a racemes, Which are simple, axillary or collected into terminal panicles ; bracts broadly ovate, acute, bearing a large gland at each side, the male ones usually 3-flowered ; male flowers usually diam- Carumbium. | EUPHORBIACE. 413 drous ; anthers red ; ovary smooth, 2-celled ; styles 2, simple and free to the base ; capsules drupaceous , obovate- didymous or by abor- tion ire ahi "smooth, scarlet or reddish, the size of a large cherry-sto Has. ,—Freuet in the sch ans aghae all over Chittagong, pie - Mar- taban down to Tenasserim.—F. —s.—SS.—=Lat. p. SiS. Met ieinee'Woot white, ibe eae coarsely fibrous, perishable. EXCOECARIA, L. Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious. Calyx 3- to 2-merous, the lobes shorter or a connate or quite pret or much reduced in the males, imbricate in bud. Petals and disk none. Stamens 53 or 2, free or connate, central; anthers 2-rimose, the cells ie tudinally adnate. Ovary-ruc iment none. Ovar ry 3- or 2- rarely 4- celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell ; styles 2-4, simple, con- nate at the base, stigmatic on their inner face. Capsule fleshy or almost dry, more or less readily capsular-dehiscing, 3- or 2-coccous, the central column developed. Seeds without spermaphore or arillus.—Trees or shrubs, with usually alternate, rarely opposite, simple, cima a or palmati-nerved leaves. Stipules paired. Flowers y in terminal or axillary androgynous spikes, the lower ones Seale females. * Male “arena ase! cored woody, large. All sy glabrous; leaves Sonnet . E. Indica, * "Male Susser prior oes wer $03 “capsules crustaceous, ‘aged Padi r aloatioatls and twisting; all parts gla X Leaves more or i: ees meet toothed or serrate. Leaves alternate; capsules as large asa pea. se’ > BR. Agetlocha, Leaves opposite; capsule the size of | a aheee po ate etre yee anar Ate age eaves quite entire, alternate . . . . . FE. holo 1. E. Indica, Muell. Arg. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 215. ses ever- green tree (20—25 + 8—10 + 3—4), all parts glabrous ;_ bark smooth, ash-coloured ; leaves a to. elliptically oblong, ‘obtuse or acute at the base, on a 3-4 lin. “long petiole, shortly bluntish acuminate, with a mucro, 1-4 in. long, chartaceous, serrulate or crenate-serrulate, glabrous, the lateral nerves very thin and faint ; owers small, yellowish, shortly pedicelled, forming glabrous posts at the end of the branchlets or of the axillary shoots, the females at the base and few in number; calyx 3-merous ; goed ally 3; ovary 3-celled ; styles 3, long, foeetrs oo the b psules ry an and woody, the size of a small wood-apple, esincat Fibalar. usually 3-coccous, somewhat lentcellate-ronghish or smooth; seeds smooth, pale-coloured, not arillat Has.—In the tidal forests of Cokes Vebiieeti —¥ Apr.—lL—S8S.=Sal. ee na: 414 EUPHORBIACER. [ Hxcoecaria. — 2. EB. Agallocha, L.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 215; Brand, For. Fl., 442.—Ta-yau or ka-yau.—An evergreen tree (15—25+6—10 +2—3), all parts quite glabrous; leaves alternate, from. oblong- lanceolate to elliptically-ovate and ovate, acute or rounded at the base, on a rather slender petiole up to an inch long, bluntish to shortly bluntish acuminate, 2-3 in. long, thin fleshy-coriaceous, more or less obsoletely crenate-toothed, glabrous, glossy, penni- nerved; flowers small, yellowish green, the males sessile, much bracted and forming axillary catkin-like spikes in the axils of the leaves, the females shortly pedicelled, in sessile, axillary, shorter spikes, the lower 2-6 ones fertile, the upper ones asexual and rudi- mentary; male bracts imbricate, numerous, broader than long; stamens usually 3; ovary glabrous, 3-celled, the 3 styles simple and free; capsules 3-coccous, the size of a large pea, crustaceous, smooth; seeds globular. Has.—Very frequent in the tidal forests all along the coast of Burma, le RS.—L— bales og down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl. H.S ==Sal. RemarxKs.— Wood white, soft. The juice of the whole tree very poisonous. 3. E, oppositifolia, Jack. ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 215.—An ever- green small tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, ‘all parts glabrous ; leaves opposite, oblong to elliptically oblong, not glandular at the acute base, on a short 4-2 in. long petiole, shortly acuminate, crenate- toothed, chartaceous, 3-8 in. long, glabrous, the lateral nerves thin but prominent ; flowers small, yellowish, shortly pedicelled, males several to each minute bract, females solitary and axillary, or few together at the base of the rather robust, glabrous, spike-like male racemes arising at the end of the branches or from the axils of the leaves ; bracts on both sides furnished with a small smooth gland; capsules 3-coccous, the size of a cherry, crustaceous, smooth ; se smooth, without arillus. Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. March. male flowers 2-3-androus ; females and fruit unkn Hap.—Tropical forests of Martaban and Upper Tenasserim. Euphorbia.) EUPHORBIACER. 415 EUPHORBIA, L. Flowers monoecious, several together in calyx-like cup-shaped involucres which are 4-5-toothed, the teeth alternating with as many horizontal glands, the latter sometimes expanded into a leafy often coloured appendage. Male flowers pedicelled, without calyx, sup- ported by ciliate-jagged bractlets, or these sometimes obsolete, sur- rounding in several series the solitary central female flower, Fema calyx 3-6-lobed or wanting. Ovary 3-celled, with a solitary sus- pended ovule in each cell; styles 3, distinct or more or less connate, 2-cleft. Capsule 3-coccous, dry. Seeds without spermaphore or arillusx—Herbs, shrubs or trees, succulent or fleshy, eee thorny and cactus-like, abounding in milky juice, with alte whorled or opposite, simple leaves. Stipules none or present. Bicwer heads usually arranged into spurious umbels, clusters or cymes X Flowers in dichotomous cymes or rarely solitary, above the scars of the fallen leaves or sepreesiie’s ; floral leaves + Flower-heads sessile or said $0, webcaie or rarely most tern: A tuberons simple-stemmed shrub, the stem terete . EZ. sessiliflora. + Flower-heads in Fives 3am dichotomous « cymes. : Branches flattened and winged-dilated, crenate-sinuate. . . E. epiphylloides. OO Armed with paired re stipulary thorns. + Styles 2-cle Branches angular, 3- ecasonlly 4- or 5- thos aa the _— fleshy, sinuately re . B. antiquorum. ¥ Sty es simple, thickened at oe rai or Rs pti rly png ae foes dala ‘ed serrately in cane repand, 1 ngitudinal TOWS . ie eee Fencnlice sks short, fleshy tubercled X Cymes sessile or emaas clustered, terminal or in pte forks of the branch- whoris: ; che leaves none. Branches terete, —— eC; epree very small, linear . BE. Tirucalli. x X inal, rare with bright- es term a Cahite or Laps floral lea ere agar her baceous, long-petio 4 aes Sipae hs above the sears of the fallen leaves ; involucre shosily tnakiiate the lobes rotundate-ovate, pectinately fimbriate, 8 glands transversely cenendh ovary glabrous; styles almost simple, very short, crimso Hap.—Pegu.—Fl. Feb. 416 EUPHORBIACER. [ Euphorbia. 2. E, epiphylloides, Kz.—A leaf-shedding tree (12—154+4—8 +1—2), fleshy, unarmed, all parts glabrous, the branches complan- ate and thick-winged, crenate-sinuate, terete, and narrowed at the joints ; stipules minute, if any ; leaves oboval, very shortly petioled, obtuse at the base, rounded or almost retuse at the apex, glabrous, Has.—Along the rocky coast of Escape Bay, South Andaman.—FI. Fr. May.—l.—SS.—Metam. horns ; leaves appearing in H.S., few an small, obovate-oblong, short-petioled, tapering at the base, entire, blunt or rounded at the — apex, fleshy, glabrous, almost nerveless ; flower-heads yellowish, the lateral ones on a rather short and thick peduncle, the cent one female and sessile in the forks, forming a short-peduncled, — solitary or by pairs in the sinuses of the crenatures ; bracts 2, obovate, rather conspicuous, opposite ; involucre broadly hemi- Has.—Frequent in the dry and upper mixed forests all over Burma, from Ava and Pegu down to Arracan and the Andamans, up to 2,000 ft. elevation. Often cultivated for hedges, ete.—Fl. Feb.-March.—].—SS.—=SiS. CaS. Remarxks.—The copious milky juice of this and the following arboreous species, hardens into Euphorbium. Luphorbia.) EUPHORBIACER. 417 arising singly or by pairs from the sinuses of the protuberances of the fallen leaves, the lateral heads very short and thick pedunceled, those in the forks sessile and usually entirely male ; bracts opposite, reniform, small ; involucre hemispherical, smooth, 5-lobed, the lobes roundish cordate, jaggedly fringed, the glands transversely reni- form-oblong ; ovary glabrous and smooth, the styles high up con- nate, thickened at the apex; capsules glabrous, deeply 3-lobed, the cocei compressed, about 8 lin. broad Hap.—Frequently cultivated in Burmese villages, and probably also wild— Fl. C.S. ; Fr. March-Apr. 5. E, Nivulia, Ham ; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 216 ; Brand. For. Fl, 437.—Sha-soung—A tree (20—25+10—15+ obovate-oblong ; involuecre hemispherical, smooth, the lobes large, ovate, erect, fimbriate, the glands transversely oval; ovary glab- tous, the styles connate u » simple, somewhat thickened at the apex ; capsules glabrous, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes compressed, about 3-4 lin. long ; seeds smoot Has.—Frequent, especially along choungs, in the dry and drier upper mixed — of the Prome and Pegu Yomah.—Fl. Fr. HS.—l.—SS.=CaS. SiS. REMaRKs.—Wood very light, coarse-fibrous and loose-grained, yellowish, while fresh quite milky. ‘Yields a sort of Euphorbium. as thick as aswan-quill or the little finger, the upper ones usually whorled ; bark dark olive-brown, cracked ; leaves alternate, linear or linear-cuneate, sessile, smooth, fleshy, up to 3 in. long ; flower-heads sessile or nearly so, yellowish white, chiefly female, rarely herma- phrodite, crowded at the ends of the branchlets and in the forks of the branch-whorls ; involucre bell-shaped, smooth, pubescent inside, the lobes short, ovate, hairy, the glands broadly kidney-shaped ; ovary woolly, the styles recurved and to near the base 2-cleft, glan- dular-thickened at the apex; capsules deeply 3-lobed, villous-dark- brown, the lobes compressed, nearly 3 lin. long. VOL. II, 2c Haz.—Only cultivated around khyoungs, ete., in villages, especially in the Prome district.—Fl. R.S. _ Remarks.— Wood said to be strong and durable, white, tolerably close- grained, rather hard. The copious milky juice yields a sort of Euphorbium. ulcherrima, Willd.—A simple-stemmed or slightly rous, penninerved, somewhat glaucous beneath, the floral leaves opposite, crimson or white, somewhat shorter petioled and often narrower, but otherwise conform to the stem-leaves ; flower-heads crimson, yellow or green, short-peduncled, arranged in lax, glabrous c -like cymes at the end of the branchlets; involucre large, bell-shaped, short-hairy within, glabrous outside, the lobes broad, very short, palmatifid, with a solitary, transversely wrinkled, fleshy gland; ovary smooth, the styles connate at the base, 2-cleft; cap- sules glabrous, 3-coccous and 3-lobed, the size of a small cherry, the cocci with a somewhat fleshy epicarp, keeled on the back ; seeds smooth, opaque. pt. See ia er 418 EUPHORBIACES. | Euphorbia, — anges yy Sd cultivated in native gardens and villages, especially around khyoungs.— PEDILANTHES, Neck. more or less connate. Capsules dry, 8-coccous. Seeds without — spermap ore.—Shrubs, usually fleshy, with alternate simple leaves. Stipules gland-like or none. Flower-heads in axillary and term!- nal cymes. , 1. P. tithymaloides, Poit.—An evergreen, low, simple- ] ple stemmed — or sparingly branched, rather fleshy shrub, all parts glabrous ; leaves ovate, somewhat oblique, rounded at the base, almost sessile, entire, fleshy, 1-2 in. long, glabrous, the midrib keel-like prominent x“ beneath ; flower-heads crimson, slipper-shaped, about } in. long, — glabrous, on a slender about a lin. long peduncles, arranged in much- ‘ , s furnished with diminutive — floral leaves; involuere glabrous, the lobes ciliolate ; styles shortly seared, crowded, short, terminal Pedilanthes.| EUPHORBIACER. 419 2-cleft ; capsules 3-lobed, truncate at both ends, about 14 lin. long, the cocci keeled. Has.—Frequently cultivated, especially in the Prome district, in villages, hedges, ete.—Fl. March-Apr. URTICACEM. Flowers unisexual or rarely polygamous. Perianth simple, con- sisting of 3-5 segments (rarely reduced to 1 or 2), imbricate or induplicate in the bud. Stamens as many as perianth-segments and attached, but the micropyle always superior ; style simple, or more or educed to a sessile, bearing the fruits or enclosing them. Seeds with or without albu- men, the testa membranous. Embryo straight, curved, or spirally n true Urticee excessive causticity prevails, and is especially conspicuous in the stinging nettles and still more in the Laporteas, of which one species is called by the Malays the devil’s leaf (“down seitan”). According to Endlicher this causticity is caused by the presence of bicarbonate of ammonia. Narcotic qualities are chiefly met with in hemp and hop. Poisonous principles in a high degree occur in the juice of the Javanese upas-tree (Antiaris toxicaria), but also the milk of several fig-trees (like F. tovicaria, demona, etc.) is a virulent poison. Caoutchouk of superior quality is obtained from several kinds of fig-trees, chiefly Views elastica and FP. laceifera. Castiloa elastica and Cecropia peltata yield also good caoutchouk, The cow-tree (Brosimum) of South America yields a copious supply of rich and wholesome milk. The tenacity of the fibre makes man Species (chiefly of the sub-order, Urticee proper) important for trade 420 . URTICACER. and manufacture. Such are hemp (Cannabis sativa) and rhea (Bohmeria nivea). A kind of paper is made of Broussonetia papyri- Sera. c is found upon several kinds of fig-trees. Edible fruits are furnished by some of the fig-trees (chi efly, however, F. ge ; jack Sal fot sical), bread-fruit (Artocarpus incisa) mul- berry (Morus spp.), and a few others. The leaves of the last-named tree serve eh for ied of the silk-worms, * Style 1, seeped apie solitary, erect ; seeds albuminous ; leave. O Perianth fre, ‘the eee ne usually 4- rarely 2-parted Often ves decussately oppo- P apiielty sites sage pevianth z -parted or- lobed, nay bier ——— 3; stigma n filiform; achene discoid, smo ent perennials or oe — soning out ie trees . - Laportea. OO Female periant or more i Tees adhering or adnate to the ovary, tubular, veey short or wholly po Lea opposite or alternate, Not ur x Female Bcci ad a a or only adhering to membranous, the mo pcnépicdiuaty 2- é to ieee e Stigma in rane cased, linear; perianth in ‘fruit neither winged nor ribbed . Boehmeria, iat perianth free, variously ‘toothed or at the mouth, in fruit fleshy or suecu- a perianth vuiitsisoxe, laterally contracted at the mouth ; gma capitate, persi istent in fruit; flowers meats, the spikes : Gents branched . Sarcochlamys. ee Female periamth adnate to “the 0 vary, t the b minute, toothed, or ent entire ; fruit dry, stoner in a fleshy cup ; stigma = peltate, a jon —_ borders, : pers in fruit . Oreoenide. Pruit ERLE stigma penicillate-capitate, persistent i in fru . Morocarpus. * OK aye usua ally gi ao . bio: left, lobed or toothed vules > Pp suspended ; or without atinmen pone Seed enclosed in the fleshy r dry p h, indehi. liens or rare. iealoal; Laleae alternate or dis tichous. O Filaments straight or nearly so in bud, never inflexed. xX. Female flo — numerons, in heads or on a fleshy recep’ 3; the males in separate inflores- Stamen 1 ; —— usually large; unarmed tree . Artocarpus. male flowers numerous, iat with the males = See es a hollow, or on an explanate, fleshy Receptacle closed or at the Teiiteed spa bag oe ane achenes not immersed icus. Receptacle explanate; ; achenes immersed, with ripening elastically = ej . Dorstenia, — xxx Female and male flowers separate, the for solitary within a many-bracted i volne: Laportea.| URTICACER. 421 Male flowers densely packed within an “weeps — in- volucre expanding afterwards ; fruit drupace - Antiaris. :¢) : ilam ents be mya in dente heads $ or spi sth Ovary shortly adkel: cwixte simple; the fem Llercapist oe with scale-like sterile flowers ; 4 = eal § 3; fruits sap - Broussonetia, ss —* 2-celled; styles 2 cale-like aha got watery ; perianth in frui aance s . Morus. xX X Fem are Raat = soley 0 or in poor racemes. Perianth antire, enclosing the fruit, fleshy - Balanostreblus. Perianth ed, in fruit aed, fle ai ‘ ‘ * : « Streblus, As former, but bsg in fruit leafy . - Taxotrophis. * * tyle simple or styles 2 ; ovule solitary, suspended; n no pos umen — leaves alternate; fruit a drupe or samara rubs. O hcthes testers: filaments inflexed in bud; fruit a Perianth Sepa ; stigmas 2, persistent, linear, bie: ie connate -sddoce vergreen trees, with peneipenred, or at base 3-7- 7d lea ponia. Pevianth — st igmas 2, persistent, at apex _Ailated-emargi- -lobed ; evergreen trees with 3-nerved lea . Solenostigma. Pevanth deciduous paeme simple, filiform, dssidaahd s ; decidu- r shrubs with 3-nerved leaves . Celtis. thers erecta} fruit a samara ; leaves penni- nery Filaments straight in bud; perianth marcescent or caducous . Ulmus. LAPORTEA, Gaud. bt dioecious or cavern ray Sp isan 4- or 5- shrubs, sometimes shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, entire or toothed leaves, Stipules deciduous, axillary, Q-cleft or entire. Flowers minute, often without bracts, clustered, the clusters panicled. 1. L. crenulata, Gad; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., t. 306.—Phet-ya- Beano evergreen, erect-branched, dioecious shrub or little tree 9-12 ft, high, HEE glabrous; bark smooth, ash-coloured, armed with stinging hairs; leaves ovate-oblong to o ong, }-1} ft. long, sinuate or rounded at the unequal base, on a strong glab- Tous petiole 14-4 in. long, apiculate, membranous, obsoletely waved- Crenate towards the apex or entirely entire, glabrous or sparingly stingin ging-hispid along the midrib beneath, the nerves arcuate, about 12-16 on each side ; flowers minute, green, shortly pedicelled, form- ing lax, stinging-hispid, cymose panicles in the axils of the leaves ; 422 URTICACER. | Laportea. perianth minutely stinging-bristly outside, 4-cleft; achenes une- qually ovate, compressed, nearly 2 lin. long, terminated by the reflexed linear stigma. ‘ Beene forests of Pegu and Tenasserim; also Chittagong.—Fl. eb. Stop cerueaecns Jacq. se, the ovary, enclosed in the marcescent perianth and often cohering with it; pericarp crustaceous and thin, ornut-like. Albumen never absent, but in various quantities. — elliptical, often longer a the conical radicle.—Shrubs or small trees, rarely undershrubs, opposite or alternating Ssciee leaves pee toothed. Stipules axillary, deciduous, usually free, very rarely connate. Flowers minute, in small clusters, supported by short scarious bracts and forming larger clusters, spikes or eymose panicles in the of the leaves. ‘gehen in sessile heads oF ee axillary or above the scars of we fallen \| eaves 1 glabrous above . HHI a sparingly hair above. Leaves cordate-ovate ; flower-b Ae large, scarious, brown ; toothed with a solitary: pried and style if Helfers. As former, but one with usually 2 ovaries and styles : didymogy ied Leaves usually ovate to ee ceolate ; ficwreh Siretg minute ; perianth 2-4-toothed } . B. diffusa. Kurs Flower-heads globular, sessi ile, formin rming more or der often interrupted spikes in the axils of oyt ig leaves, the spikes sometimes colle mg png, shemt leafless shoots in a racem . B. Malabarica. pani sg Par se Pustalate-ragate above, the pustules terminated perforated glan . B. macrophylla. sig brosdli ovate, pose n rugate, without glands, more oF Jess hairy on both sides, coarsely serrate . B. caudata. All parts, tho the leaves, quite glabrous, minutely serrate or entire, usually 2-glanded at the base of the midrib . B. Hamiltomana 1. B. Malabarica, Wedd.—Monoecious, very variable as 1? size, a much branched shrub only 2-4 ft. high, cero localities growing up into a large shrub or shrubby treelet of 12-20 ft, Boehmeria.| URTICACER. 423 in height, the young shoots pubescent or puberulous, the stems lender, smooth, brown ; leaves alternately smaller or almost equally arge, ovate-oblong to elliptically oblong, on a slender petiole vary- ng in length from 2-3 lin. to 2 and even 3 in., rounded or somewhat cordate at the base, acuminate, 4-8 in. long or shorter, ves or above the scars of the fallen ones; fruiting perianth broadly elliptical or roundish, with a truncate border, minutely pubescent. AB.—Frequent along choungs in the tropical forests from Arracan, the Pegu Yomah and Martaban down to Tenasserim, up to 2,000 ft.. elevation ; freely springing up in toungyas cut in tropical forests.—Fl. Apr-May; Fr. May- une.—l.—SS.—Metam. SiS. ao liber of this, and of most other Boehmerias, yields a strong. 2. B. Helferi, Bl.—Monoecious, the young branchlets ap- pressed-pubescent and soon glabrescent ; leaves alternate, somewhat unequally large, 3-5 in. long, ovate, cordate or truncate at the base, acuminate, on a slender, puberulous, glabrescent petiole 14-3 in. long, coarsely serrate, membranous, even, sparingly pilose above, beneath along the nerves and veins pubescent-pilose ; stipules lanceolate-subulate ; flowers concealed within the numerous, large, scarious, brown, obovate, somewhat acute bracts, clustered, the clusters unisexual, axillary, confluent; female perianth tubular, somewhat ventricose, 2-toothed at the somewhat hairy apex. Has.—Tenasserim. -B e, Wedd.—Monoecious, the stem herbaceous, or more or less wooly at the base, almost glabrous, the branchlets puberulous, glabrescent; leaves alternating, equally large, ovate, 2-4 in. long, acuminate, on a glabrous petiole }-2 in. long, obtuse or rounded at the base, membranous, crenate-serrate Trom the middle or from lower down, especially above sparingly and minutely pilose, even; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, rather persistent; flower- clusters axillary, androgynous; female perianth lanceolate, becom- ing finally oblong or elliptical, narrowed upwards and 2-toothed at the minutely hairy mouth, enclosing 2 more or less adnate ovaries ; stigmas 2, as long-as the ovary.—(After Weddel.) Has.—Moulmein. . 4. Bi diffusa, Wedd.—A leaf-shedding, small, meagre shrub, about 2-4 ft. high, the branches appressed-stiff-hairy ; leaves _ large, tolerably equally or unequally ovate-lanceolate to oblong- 424 URTICACER. [ Boehmeria, — ~ Janceolate, 2-4 (occasionally up to 6) in. long, long-acuminate, on a slender appressed-hispid petiole 3 lin. to 14 in. long, acute or obtuse at the base, membranous, sharply crenate-serrate, even or wrinkled, on both sides (more so beneath) appressed-rough-hirsute ; stipules linear-lanceolate, deciduous; flowers minute, sessile, form- ing globular small clusters in the axils of the leaves; fruiting rianth compressed, lanceolate to obovate, 2-4-toothed at the somewhat hairy apex ; stigmas twice as long as the perianth. Has.—Frequent in the mixed and open forests, all over Burma from Ava down to Upper Tenasserim, up to 3,000 ft. elevation.—Fl. Fr. June-March.—l— SS.=siS. Metam. Dil. CaS. 5. B. macrophylla, Don.; Brand. For. Fl., 403.—A shrub, the ends of the branchlets minutel pubescent ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, on a pubescent glabrescent petiole 1-24 in. long (those of the alternating leaves about half the length), very long-acumi- nate, rounded or obtuse at the base, 3-nerved, 5-7 in. long, minutely : serrate, thick membranous, pustulate-wrinkled (the pustules per- forated), glabrous above, beneath minutely roughish pubescent along the nerves and veins and pale-coloured ; flowers minute, sessile, in sessile globular heads of 2-3 lin. in diameter, forming a slender, appressed-hispid, more or less interrupted spike in the axils of the leaves and shorter than them; fruiting perianth narrowly obovate-cuneate, compressed, ciliate, abruptly narrowed into a short 2-4-toothed neck. Haz.—Ava hills, or spurious panicles on axillary young shoots; fruiting perianth elliptical, obovate or roundish, hispid from short stiff hairs. Has.—Frequent in Chittagong; Ava.—Fr. Feb, 7. B. Hamilto (15—20+ (?) +4—4) or large shrub, the stems quite glabrous, the ee. ‘leaf-buds slightly pubescent; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong to ovate- lanceolate, acute or bluntish at the base, on a glabrous petiole 1-13 Boehmeria. | URTICACER. 425 HaB.—Frequent in the tropical forests, especially along choungs of the eastern slopes of the Pegu Yomah and of Martaban east of Tounghoo.—Fl. Feb.- March.—s.—88.=Si tam. Remarks.—Strong cordage can be obtained from the liber. POUZOLZIA, Gand. Flowers monoecious, rarely dioecious. Males: perianth 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, rarely 3-parted, the lobes ovate and acuminate, valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as perianth-lobes. Ovary imentary. Females: perianth tubular, often ovate and nerved, 2-4-toothed at the contracted mouth. Ovary enclosed, usually free, rarely more or less adherent or adnate to the perianth, sessile, apiculate, with a solitary, erect or ascending ovule ; stigma filiform, jointed with the apex of the ovary, villous at one side, deciduous. Achene almost conform with the ovary, surrounded by the marces- cent almost unchanged perianth or its enlarged wings or ribs, the pericarp crustaceous, glossy.—Shrubs, undershrubs or herbs, with ternating or rarely opposite, entire or toothed, 3-nerved leaves. Stipules free, often persistent. Flowers minute, in axillary clusters, or the clusters arranged in spikes. Prostrate or ascending undershrub, the leaves membranous, entire . P. Indica. Shrub, the leaves serrate, ¢ eous Gc cece ee + 1. P. viminea, Wedd.; Brand. For. Fl., 405.—An evergreen, large, branched shrub, often growing out into a small tree 12-15 ft. igh, the branchlets appressed-pubescent and more or less rough; leaves alternating and distichous, from ovate to ovate-oblong and lanceolate, obtuse or acute at the base, on a 2-5 lin. long petiole, 3-nerved, acuminate, coarsely serrate, 13-5 in. long, chartaceous, above sprinkled with hairs, rough or smooth, beneath (especially on the nerves and veins) rough from short hairs; flowers small, P ent, in sessile, dense, axillary clusters; male flowers 4- androus ; fruiting perianth oblong-ovate, angular or obsoletely bordered, almost as long as the stigma. Var J: sanguinea proper: leaves larger or smaller, more or - less rough or almost aobotb above, almost glabrous or shortly pubescent beneath. 426 URTICACER. : | Poueolzia, Var. 2, tomentosa, Wedd.: leaves very rough above, softly pubescent-tomentose beneath. Has.—Var. 1: in Chittagong. SARCOCHLAMYS, Gaud. Flowers dioecious. Males: perianth 5-parted, the segments ovate, blunt, imbricate inthe bud. Stamens 5. Ovary rudiment- emales: perianth shortly and unequally 4-lobed, when fully opened bell-shaped, the tube becoming afterwards gibbose and (along with the somewhat conniving lobes) lateral. Ovary broadly ellipti- cal, oblique, stalked, enclosed in the perianth, with a solitary almost erect ovule; stigma sessile, penicillate-capitate, persistent. No — rudiments of stamens. Achenes conform with the ovary, smooth, loosely enclosed in the enlarged fleshy perianth.—Shrubs or small trees, with alternate, 3-nerved, serrulate leaves. Stipules connate, 2-cleft. Flowers small, subtended by short-toothed bractlets, clustered, the male clusters in lax, the female ones in close simply branched spikes, solitary or by 2 in the axils of the leaves. 1. S. pulcherrima, Gaud.—Sap-sha-pen.—An evergreen tree (20—25+8—10+4 4—1), with a terete brownish stem and a divari- cate crown, often branched already from the very base and henee thin, white tomentum, 3-nerved and elegantly transversely and quadrately net-veined ; flowers small, sessile, glabrous, in small clusters, forming cyme-like, branched, pubescent spikes in the axils of the leaves, as long as the petiole or a little longer. : rom geese ete ver along choungs as well in the upper mixed = in the ropical fores m Chi ng, Pegu, and Martaban d to Upper Tenasse- — rim.— Fl. Fr. R.S.—s.— ae Motels Ee oe RemarKs.—Wood pale reddish-brown, rather light, of a fine silvery fibre, soft. Liber a good fibre for cordage. eigen eaD en OREOCNIDE, Mig. 5 Flowers dioecious. Males: perianth 4-parted, the segments ovate, acute, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4. Ovary rudimentary: — Females: perianth tubular, ventricose, adnate to the ovary, Wi? a very small 4- or 5-toothed limb. Ovary with a solitary erect ovale 5 stigma nearly discoid, almost peltate, long-papillose-ciliate- Fruiting perianth ventricose, obsoletely angular-furrowed, somew2#”” Oreocnide. | URTICACER. 427 fleshy, firmly adnate to the nut-like achene. Albumen copious. Unerlalens elliptical, almost longer than the cylindrical radicle.— Shrubs or small trees, with entire or crenulate penni- or 3-nerved leaves. Stipules connate, 2-cleft. Flowers minute, the female ones supported by a fleshy cup (consisting of several connate bracts ing and finally surrounding the ripe fruit), in small pedun- ea clusters or heads, solitary or in = Sidaciamnen or forked, short, imple cymes in the axils of the le fon penninerved, entire, softly at cate O. acuminata. Leaves-penninerved, crenate-serrate Mi wards. the set usually OUR along the nerves bene . O. sylvatica. . 0. acuminata (Ur vioa aoiilachie, Roubii Villebrunea ap- ae Wedd.).—An evergreen tree (20—254. (?) +1—13), often branched already from the base, the branchlets more or less pubescent ; leaves — broadly lanceolate to oblong, on a more or less pubescent petiole 4-3 in. long, abruptly and thinly acumi- nate, penninerved, obtuse or acute at the base, 5-10 in. long, thick- _membranous, entire, , and white- dotted above, more or less softly pubescent or almost glabrous beneath ; flowers minute, sessile, minutely hispid, robot, 9 souaeere dichotomously branched eymes in the axils of the leaves Has.—Chittagong ; Ava hills. Remarxs.—This is the bun-rhea of the Assamese, which yields the fibre called China-grass-cloth, 2. 0. sylvatica, Miq.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 225, t. 26, f. 4.— An evergreen small tree, 18-25 ft. high, the branchlets pubescent ; leaves obovate- -oblong to elliptically oblong and lanceolate, on a strong pubescent petiole 4-1] in. long, Cts or acute at the entire base, upwards crenate-serrulate, 4-6 in. long, abruptly acuminate, membranous, penninerved, glabrous and white-dotted above, more or less pubescent along the nerves beneath ; flowers minute, sessile, minutely hispid, in small heads, forming slender, ey forked or — slightly pubescent cymes in the the leaves. Martaban, in deserted toungyas of the eee at 2,000 ft. eleva- hoy Brandis.) MOROCARPUS, Sieb. & Zuce. Flowers monoecious and’ dioecious. Males: perianth 4- rarely 3-parted, the segments ovate, shortly acuminate, vidvate: 7 in the bud. Stamens as many as ’perianth-lobes. Ovary rudimentary. Females : perianth ventricose-tubular, somewhat adnate to the ovary, 4-toothed at the contracted oo Ovary obovate-oblong, with a plies almost erect ovule; stigma sessile, penicillate-capi- tate. Fruit berry-like, obovate, sees dof the fleshy outer peri- 428 URTICACER. [ Morocarpus. anth and epicarp and the inner nut-like endocarp. Albumen copious. Cotyledons small, almost roundish, of nearly the same length as the contd radicle-—Shrubs or trees, with alternate ser- rate leaves white- or grey-tomentose beneath. Stipules axillary, 2- cleft. Flowers subtended by scarious bracts, sessile, the males in pee clusters, the females in — solitary and peduncled, or — forming simple dichotomous cym —- pubescent or tomentose; leaves lanceolate to oblong- eola’ . M. longifolius. Stine robust and smooth ; ‘leaves ovate to broadly ovate . M. Wallichianus. . M. longifolius, a, Bedd. Sylv. Madr., i $, 26; ft (Debvevecri leugifolia, W edd. ; ; Brand. For. F1., —Pw ot-chaue pen.—An evergreen (?) tree ds 96-4 Qa 1-14). the branchlets tomentose or pubescent; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, on a pubescent petiole 3-3 in. long, obtuse or rounded at the base, 3-5 in. long, acuminate, serrate, membra anous, above rough and sparingly sprinkled with long white hairs, beneath covered with a white or grey thin tomentum, 3-nerved and elegantly transversely yeti flowers minute, sessile, in heads or clusters, arranged in short, dichotomous, puberulous cymes, solitary or by 2 in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones, and usually as long or shorter than the petiole. i Var. 1, longifolius proper: leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceo- — ate Var. 2, latifolia: leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, on a 1-3 in. long petio ole, Has.—Pegu, in deserted toungyas; Ava hills; var. 2: in Chittagong. Remarxs.—The liber of this, and also of the following species, furnishes cordage, 2. M. Wallichianus, Miq.—a tree (25—35 + 10—15 + 24—9), leafless in C.S. , the taken glabrous and pruinous, Me sparingly and inconspicuously pubescent; leaves ample, ovate t o broadly ovate, on a slender sometimes sparingly pubescent ee 2-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, rounded or almost truncate at the base, sinuate-serrate, 5-8 in. long, chartaceous, glabrous above, beneath densely and Ee ay ian or velvety, 3 3-nerved at the — Has.—Rare in the moister up ah, at 1000 aetna ae Maoutia.) | URTICACEE. 429 MAOUTIA, Wedd. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Males: perianth 5-parted, the segments ovate and somewhat acuminate, valvate in the bud. Stamens 5. Ovary rudimentary. Females: perianth none. Ovary ovoid, with a solitary almost erect ovule; style short, persist~ ent, with a nearly lateral lanceolate or almost capitate stigma. Achené ovate, somewhat compressed and sometimes bluntish 3- onous, hispid or setose, formed by the somewhat fleshy perianth outside and the bony or nut-like seed within. Albumen thin. Cotyledons ss get or oblong, somewhat longer than the terete slender radicle—Shrubs, with alternating, 3-nerved, crenulate or serrulate as. white- or grey-tomentose beneat Sti ipules axil- lary, usually deeply 2-cleft. Flowers as sessile, in small clusters or a collected into axillary cym 1. M, a, Wedd.; Brand. For. FI., ts. —A shrub, 2-6 ft. high, the ances pubescent leaves ovate to elliptically oblong, on a pubescent petiole 3 -14 in. long’, acute or cuneate at the base, 4-6 in. long, acuminate, “coarsely serrate, membranous, very rough above from short minute bristles, beneath shortly white-tomentose and pubescent on the 3 principal nerves ; flowers sessile or nearly so, minute, in small heads, forming chest, ‘slender, puberulous or pubes- cent dichotomous cymes in the axils of the leaves ; 3 achenes not =a somewhat appressed-hispid. B.—Frequent in the drier hill forests of the i eo pee at gue to 500 fe a often springing up in deserted hill toun —Fr. March.— Remarxs.— Yields strong fibre resembling the rhea. CONOCEPHALWUS, BI. Flowers dioecious. Males: perianth turbinate, tubular, 4- very rarely 2-cleft, the segments valvate in bud. Stamens 4 4, very rarely 2 , opposite the perianth-lobes ; Glerints complanate ; anthers short, introrse and extrorse, 2-celled, the cells opening longitudi- 2 os Teste one Albumen none. Embryo goin ing with plano-convex cotyledons, the radicle superior.—Scandent shrubs, with alternate, long-petioled, simple leaves. Stipules deci- duous, axillary. Flowers in he ads, arranged in cymes or cymose | panicles and axillary, secly the female heads solitar y. 430 URTICACEE. [ Conocephalus. — 1. C. suaveolens, Bl.—An evergreen, large, scandent shrub, glabrous or the young shoots obsoletely rusty-pubescent ; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong, rounded or obtuse or rarely corda the base, on a glabrous petiole 2-6 in. long, very shortly and blunt- ish acuminate, 6-8 in. long, entire, thick membranous, white- dotted above, beneath covered with ate white streaks; flowers simply dichotomous, poor cymes in the axils of the leaves or above the scars of the fallen ones, the peduncle and ramifications all glab- rous, the former usually with 2 or 1 pair of large, opposite, brown deciduous bracts, Has.—Frequent in the tropical forests, especially along choungs, from Chitta- gong, Pegu Yomah, and Martaban down to enasserim.—Fl. Apr.-May ; Fr. R.S.—s: 1.—SS.—SiS. Metam., ete. RemarKs.—Wood brownish, porose, light. ARTOCARPUS, L. se Stame only, exserted; filament complanate; anther 2-celled, r solitary pendulous ovule ; style terminal or excentric, simple; sugma cylindrical, spatulate or peltate, or very rarely 2- or 3-cleft. Fruit a compound fleshy syncarp, consisting of the more or less enlarged, persistent and consolidated perianths, each enclosing a solitary none. Cotyledons thick, the radicle superior.—Trees abounding in milky juice, with alternating, entire or lobed leaves. Stipules 2, axillary, large or small, deciduous. Syncarps variously ae usually from oblong to globular, solitary, peduncled, axillary, the e. : male inflorescences catkin-like elongat Leaves bristly scabrous above, softly pubescent beneath : : Leaves glabrous above, slightly appressed-pubescent along the a. ieee * ° . ; Leaves neg te engi beneath, minutely pubescent above . A, rufescens. K ned ; a gree? tubercled, the tubercles usually scabrously oe _setulose. Leaves, especially beneath, scabrous-pubescent ; syncarp as large al ee oes as the fist, globular, pendulous, on a slender peduncle . . 4. chaplasha. oe A. calophylla, — Artocarpus.| URTICACER. 431 All parts quite glabrous ; syncarp clavate to oblong, 1-14 ft. long . A, integrifolia, * > & Syncarp smooth or nearly so, usually velvety or velvety- tomentose. All parts quite glabrous é ig . : : 3 A x _ Shoots densely rusty- or tawny-pubescent; leaves shortly scab- ro cent : ‘ < a ; ‘ ‘ . A. Lakoocha. 1. A. ealophylia, Kz,—An evergreen middling-sized tree, the young shoots densely tawny-pub t or almost t tose and some- what rough ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, on a thick densely tawny- pubescent petiole 3-1 in. long, cordate or rounded at the base, acute, with a mucro, 4-6 in. long, rigidly coriaceous, entire or somewhat waved, above rough from short white bristles arising from minute A, Gomeziana, tubercles, beneath softly pubescent ; stipules lanceolate, tawny-pubes-. cent; flowers unknown ; fruits very similar to those of A. rigida, the size of the fist, globular, on a thick tawny-tomentose peduncle ardly % in. long, prickly echinate, the prickles nearly 3 lin. long, elongate-conical, bluntish, hispid; seeds oblong or ovoid, about 4 in, long Has.—Upper Tenasserim.—Fr. Apr. longer-peduncled and terminal ; syncarp 1 lobular, the size of a small shaddock, prickly echinate, the prickles about 2 lin. long, . id : elongate-conical, bluntish, shortly scaly-hispid. Hap.—Tenasserim. _ Remarxs.—Wood white, very light, soft, coarse-fibrous, takes very bad polish. Yields a sort of tenacious caoutchouk. 3. A. rufescens, Miq.—An evergreen middling-sized tree, the young shoots covered with a soft, velvety, rusty-coloured tomentum ; ves more or less oblong, on a strong rusty-velvety-tomentose petiole 4-1 in. long, rounded or almost cordate at the base, 6-9 in. long, acute or bluntish, while young obsoletely toothed, becoming » thick-chartaceous, minutely p ; rusty-pubescent beneath; both the female and male inflorescences Slobular, axillary and solitary, on thick rusty- or tawny-velvety- : omentose peduncles 1-14 in. long, the heads bracted at the base ; __ Synearp globular, about 1-1} in. in diameter, prickly echinate, the : 432 URTICACER. | Artocarpus. g : prickles subulate, somewhat angular, about 2 lin. long or somewhat longer, smooth. Has.—Burma, probably Tenasserim. 4, A. chaplasha, Roxb.—TZoung-peing-nai.—A tree (100—150 ’ ( +80—90+ 1-1 2), shedding leaves during H.S., the branchlets all minute bristles arising from pustules, shortly and roughish pubes- cent beneath; stipules lanceolate, pubescent ; both, male and female, inflorescences almost globular, on roughish-velvety peduncles 14- 2 in. long and elongating, axillary and solitary, the flowers inter- mixed with small peltate scales; syncarps globular, as large as the fist, on a 2-4 in. long nodding peduncle, tubercled all over, the tubercles roundish, small, rough from brownish short bristles ; seeds oblong, about 4 in. long. Has.—Common in the tropical forests from Chittagong and Martaban down to Tenasserim and the Andamans.—Fl, March-Apr.; Fr. Apr.-May.—s: L- SS.=Metam. SiS., ete. MARKS.—Wood yellowish white, turning pale brown, the heart-wood darker coloured, rather loose-grained, rather heavy, soon attacked by xylophages. . = pd. Used for canoes and cart-wheels. Yields a tenacious milky caout- chouk,. 5. A. integrifolia, Willd.; Bedd. Sylv. Madr., 219; Brand. For. Fl., 425.—Peing-nai.—An evergreen tree (40—60 + 10—25 + 6— 7), all parts glabrous; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong, acuminate or acute at the base, on a rather slender glabrous petiole 3-1 ™. long, apiculate or bluntish, 4-6 in. long, thick-chartaceous, entire, glabrous, glossy and dark-green above ; stipules large, lanceolate, — glabrous; inflorescences before their development enveloped 2 spathe-like bracts, afterwards naked, clavate-oblong, on rather a4 slender glabrous peduncles } to an in. long and finally thickenmg, arising singly or by pairs from the end of the branches or more usually from the end of short shoots springing from the main branches and trunk ; syncarp very large, 1-24 ft. long, weighimg from 10-60 pounds, oblong, ‘muricate-rough; seeds kidney- — shaped, the size of a nutmeg, enveloped in a thin, white, smooth, 2 chartaceous testa, lodged within the yellow-fleshy, and much- enlarged edible perianth-part. . Hap.—Cultivated all over Burma and the adjacent provinces and islands, but nowhere really wild, although often seen like wild shoiig choungs and m¢ especially in the vicinity of deserted habitations. —F1.C.S. ; Fr. R.8.+s.—89-= 2. ct = 3 oO o * & ) ° S o “ i) = oc Ss co i) > o) = — ° =) & co EB. ro) aa O co i) = ee) =) Ss Mm e =m ° TQ fas) is ii, 533. Argyreia, Lour. tilisefolia, Wight, ii, 215. ey li, 215. pvadketark R.Br., i, 30. B » DC., i, 32. crassifolius, Hf. & Th., i i, 30, Kurzii, H.f. & Th., i, 31. Artabotrys Spann as 3 Br., i, 31. Siamensis, mage spent us, Ar boeilal &, ti; 74. Anthrophgilan, BL., i, 540. vanicu: um, BL, i, 540. acceler tas caloph. ates Kz., si 431. eh Roxb incisa, ii, 421 in paiarae Willd, li, 432. Lak a, Wall., as 433. legans, AscLnPlADE a, i, @ i ii, 194. pertmrbts BE kg ire As idoterys uSSs., i : va, Juss,, i, 175. hirsu nutans, H.f., Roxbur; aes cor 4 ag beara A; Jnsgs 4 Atro NEmEET li, Azima, Lami, ii, 160. cantha, Lamk., ii, 161. B Baccaurea, Lour., ii, 356. parviflora, odors Avg ., li, 357. ii, 356. Sitiens. Asap ii, 562. 588 INDEX. Bambusa See Estas Munr,, ii, 571. Roxb., ii, 551. palrmorpis, Munr, ii, 553. 4. cro’ » Meissn., ii, 294. Roxburghia ana, NE., Fe 293, BERBERIDEZ,, i, (2), 5 Berberis, L., i, 57. Nepalensis, oon » 5 5S. Berchemia, Neck., floribunda, iene i, 264. polyphylia, Wall., i, 548. Berrya, Roxb., i, 155. Acmouaiias tap i, 165. Betula, ee ag as ta, Wall i, 476. cyl meets a, Wall., ii, 476. BIGN' opens EA, : (9) 31 i, 228, . Bischoffia, BI Frain’ BL, it 305, Bixa, L., i, 72. re ellana, a7; : 72. BIXINEA, i, he Bede Blumea, DC. li, firm DC., ii, 82. mife Blumeodendron Kz., ii, 391. Tokbra: ew ti, 391. Bocagea, St. Hi ie Hamilionians, ‘Wedd, ce 424, Helferi, BL, macro phyla, D Malabaria, Wedd., i, 422. sas 20, Bombax, L., i, 1 insi alab B ORAGINER, i (9) 3i Borassus, L., ii, fi acho mu, 529. Bouea, roc riff, 306. onstifai Seieeii i, 306. Brachytome, H.f., ii, 51. Wallichii, Hf, ii, 51. Brandisia, H = & Th., ii, 249. Dee & Th,, ii, 250. gnis, Soak i, 574, Brassaiopiy Dene. & Planch i, 587. wed a ; i, 537 ~— Forst, anmcides, Stosll. Arg., ii, 350. Briedelia. Willd., 366. amoena, Wi all., ii, 368. pom Sg ad Ki, ii, 369. ta, ieee foc Ye wy ti, 367. etusa, S 368. stipularis, BL, 7 369. entosa, Bl., ii, 367. rosimum, i t,t i, 466. ra, Vent., ii, 467. pap, Heowalowls 1 Rox, oo oe 3. elata, Roxb., i, 153. lanceolata Bth., i, 154. peltata, Bth., i, 153. ss ear iL P eta Bene nara, Roxb., ¢ 202. Bruguiera, bask phy loidas: Bi i, 450. gymnorhiza, Lamk., i,450. parviflora, WA., a0. ‘INDEX. Bruguiera prem s oe i, 450. Buchanania, Roxb., ac 1 Sia Bucklandia, . R. Br., i, 445. m nea, R — i, 445. Buddleia, L., ae 250. Asiatica, Lour., ii, 250. me ula Wall., ii, 251. Buettneria, "Ls i, 3 Andam: acints, Kz., i, Ses a, Wall BURSERA Cha % re: oe Butea, = super arba, , Hox, is 8365. 5; Buxus sempervirens, i, 337. Cc — L., i, 404. Bo nduca, Roxb., i, 406. athenenseen: Gilt i i, 516. tenuis, Roxb., ii, 520. tigrinus, Kz., ra 519. Callicarpa, L., i arbor i, 273. rea, "Both: aly me longifolia, Lamk., i, 275. spectabile, ‘alosanthes Indica Bl hy pte mips” = me % : or ra, R.Br., li, 200. Catia: "Do mn, ii, 178. ox urghil Don, i ii, 178. CALYCIFLORE mE, 1, (5). Calycopteris, Lamk., i, 467. CaM CAMPAN TULA CEE, ii, 83. Camphora officinarum, ii, 285. Ca ea _ i, 32. rata, - e & Th., 133. i, Bengalens ® Roxb, ans, Wall., i, dorihant Wight, i F 65. glauca, Ly 1» 65. polymorpha, i, 63. —. Kz, i, 61. iaria, L., i, Siamensis, Kz. i ay 63. spinosa, i trinervia, H.f. & Th., i, 64, versicolor, Griff., i, 65. 589 590 ‘CAPRIFOLIACEZ, i, (7); ii, 1. » (7). lucida Carapa, Aubl., i, 2 Molue rood Lamk., i, 226. obovata, Bl., i, Careya, Roxb., i, 499. arbo Roxb., 1, 499. spheerica, Roxb., i, 450. Carica, L., i, 5 Carpinus, Tournef, = ns » ii, 477. Cartham Carumbiam, Rwdt. oy Ey 411. baccatum, Kz., ii, 412, insigne, tk i, 412. erum, Kz. 7H, 412. CARYOPHYLLINER, i, ¢ 13). Caryophyllus aromations, i, 471. Caryota, L., ii, e a, s oo nope [adiog, et +s li, 478. Castilon’ das elastica, ii, INDEX. ee L., ii, 494, uis etifolia, Forst., ii, 494, AS WAR RINE, | lee ii, 493. 228 multijuga, Kai 1, 229. cerrat, ree! ig p ng a Rox CELASTRACEE, i, *d), 247. CELASTRALES, , (4). Celastrus, L., Pty acutin: pani culatus, Willd., i i, 252. Celtis, Toure, ii, momea, Ldl., i, 472. Hamiltonii, Punch, 8, 472. mollis, Wall., “bp Sars dra , Rox ‘ 472. Wigh i, Planch, a An. Coairolokiens rte Cephaélis ipods iy ‘i Pa Cephala onion a ii, 68. ucleo DC., Cophalostahy my, Munt. ib 5 aoe: flaveseens, Kz., Griffithii, ‘Kz., ‘é, oa idum Ages unr., de 563. per, gracile, shtostachyoide, Ke, ii, "565. m, Kz., ii, 565. wirga Cerbera, L., ii, VL. odallam m, Gaertn., ee eB Cercocoma, Miq., ii, 187. Wallic hii, ‘Mig. 1s Hy 167. Ceriops, Arn., i, 448. ndolléatia, Arn., i, 448. Roxburghian 9, Arn, i, 448. Cheetocarpus, Thw., 408. castane: weary Thw., ii, 409. ropetala, i, 230. CHAILEBTEAChA ij @. 230. Chamebuxus, De., i, 79. arilla assk., i, 79 Karensium Kz = 79. a ner 4 227, bularis, el i, 227. INDEX. 591 Chickrassia, velutina, Roem., i, 227. Chilocarpus wanes BL, "a 170. Palem iets, Mig. 159. Chisogeton dency tin, tic, Py 215. randiflorus, H ara Pome “eo ii 186. hylla, Bon, ii, 187. Corson, s i ily Roxbunetiy Dor, i ii, 118. Cicea, L., ii, 3 albizioides, 7 li, 352. 358. 7. parthenoxylon, Meisn ii, 289. pe mar: , ii, nic — Breyn., ii, 287. Zeyl Cipadessa, BL, i, 2 baccifer Mia. “ i, 214. Srut faded, BL, i, 214 Citrus, _ i, 195. aurantium, Ley 197. decumana, L,, i i, 196. hystrix, DC., i, 196. arm., i, 1 a WA.,, 4 oe rophylla, H.£., i, 188. . wiifhrtiniontn, , WA, i is ro Wallichii, i. Oliv. is b 188. oe Blanco, i, 189. Cleidion, Bl i, 390, j ee BL, ii, 390. Cleidion nitidum, i ii, 391. Cleistanthus, H.£., i, 970. myrianthus ., 370. stenophyllus, x, ‘2 370. Clematis, L., i, 15. acuminata, DC., 17. Sur tank DC, ite sp admia, Hain., 16. riana, Roxb., i, 16. hedysarifolia, DC., i, 16 othe, Kz., atiilactfolis, Wall, i, 16. subumbe lat a, Kz., i, 16. Clerodendtén, bei 36 gratum, Wall, ii, 268 ornatu’ all., ti, 267. serratum, Spreng, ii, 267. villosum, BL, ii, 268. Cnesmone, Bi, i #, 399. Jav nica, BL, ii, 399. Cnestis, Fons i, 328. - tan tha, ce . oa miflora, Griff. oer ate Kth., i, 71. ossy piu m, DC., i, 72. Cocos, * ii, nueifa era, Te ii, 540. Codizum, ear ii, 404. Andamanicum, Kz., ti, 405. i, 27. Be oe in, ox, ii, 28. tet res Roxb., ii, 28. oe sm, ii, i Colquhounia, ‘Wall i ii, s, Wall., ii, 278. —— ees i; ca, Brong., i, 268. pu a Ht ens, Kz., i, 269. Columbia, Pers., i i, 1 . cme Aa i, ag i, 156. comnendicn a 1 4 10, is3. 592 : INDEX. Combretum, L., i, 459 a _ COMPOSITZ, i, ss i, vy we ‘eine ii, ntosa, Reid, li, 256. CON. NIFERE, i, (12) ; ii, 497. en CEA, i, (5), 323. eolens, BL, CONVOL OLVULACBE, i On ii, 211. Convolvulus dissectus, ii i, 2. scamm li, 2. se » L., ii polygama, Tox, ii, 207. subcordata, Li: amk. .» i, 209, Cordyline, Comm., ii, 546. meet th, ii, 546. Coriaria, Lj ig Sy 281. Nepalensis, ‘Wall., ii, 281, CORNACEZ,, i, (7), 542. arborescens, BL, i i, 85. seine x Sornoatt, ee a H.f., i, 84. riifolium, Kz., Crozophora cha eater & ii, Crypteronia, a i, pani lata, Bl, % 519. Cryptocarya, R eee , 294. ferrea » BL, 295. Griffithiana, Wight, ii, 295. Cryrrocams, i, (14); ii, 571. Cryptolepis, 2. Br. , ii, 198, fas ni, Roem. & Schult., ii Cudrania, Tree., i, 434. it ak igs 1 li, 434, fruticosa, Wight., ii, 434. be: Cupania, L., i, 283. adenophylla, ra, i, 285. fuscidula, Kz., i, 28 ma CUPULIFERA, i, ( Cyathea, po ii, 572. spinulosa, Wall. ii, 572. . Cyathocalyx, "Cee ! Morta ‘ttn i ‘ & Th, i, 30. i gemstone Griff., i, 3 diflorum, rif, am * ori aaa a ds (12); ii, 501. Cycas, L, ii, 50 pats Griff., ii, 503. i, Migq., i ii, 502. Saioenkia Miq,., ii, 508. subsessile, Kz., Cylicodaphne | longipes, Malia: ii, 302. — Cylista, Ait., i, 877. Cylista scariosa, a 1, 8715 lymus i, 78. Cynara sco . Cynometra, L., i 415. ~ ra, L., i, 4 amifiora, L., i, sis: D Dacrydium, Sol., ii, 49 elatum, Wall. = 498. geese 3 Wag _, a, Gr ah. , Kz., ii, 307. caudatum, NE, ri i, 307. pulcherrimum, m, NE. ii, 306. Daphniphylope®, Kz., i, 240. ae Daphniphyll Poe calanoid ae i, 246. ; oes i, 46), 584. -— Debregeasia longifolia, Wead. ii, 428. um, Forst., i, 47 5. paniculatum, Kz., i, 475. Delima, = i, 22. entosa, L., , i, 22 Setcoutentts, NE,, ii, 558. Brandisii, Munr., ii, 560. Sees? yus, Kz., ii, 562. riticus, Kz., ii 569. Griffithian us, ik; li, 562. longispathus, Kz., ti, 561. VOL, Il. INDEX. 593 Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Munr.,, ii z Ge 8 % DrcoryLEDONS, i (1). Dillenia, L., i, 18 aurea, Sm., i, 20. Indica, L., i, 19. parviflora, Griff., i, pentagyna, Roxb., i, 21. pilosa, Roxb., i ee Kz., i, 19: brella, Rox Roxb., i, 21. $d: 594 Diospyros ramifi ra, Roxb., ii, 132. Avtnaee Kz., ii, 133. ee: nes i, i 36. stric ta, Ro ii, 137. toposi ring ii 128. und , Wall., ii, 135. * ‘ oe DC. » li, 50. aris, Korth., DIPTEROCARPEE, i, TOK Too. Dipter: Gaertn . _ tuberculatus, Roxb., i, 118 turbinatus, Gaertn. f., i, 114. DISCIFLORA, i, Dittelasm: Draco, li, 542. elliptica, Thbg., ii ii, 544, ensifo lia, Wall., ii, 543. if. and Bth., i, 314. wba an ds Buch, 5 625. Ls . 131. tariferum, Bedd., i, 215. fr ooanrati Hiern., i, 21 4, INDEX, E ee i, (8) ; ii, 124, EBENALES, i, ( Bedysuithery Hook, & Arn,, ii, hiata, DC., i, 189. Behinocarps, BL., i, 162. murex, Bth., i, 162. pense medpad ELZA NACEZ, i (10) ; 3 it, 830. Bleagins, — rea, "Rosh, ii, 331. confer, Roxb. li, 331. Elzocarpus, 163. ctea sts, Kz., i, 165. floribundus, Bl. i , 167. oa oxb., i, oe gran ndifl s, Sm., 4 lancesefo littoralis, pis AGT: petiolatus, Kz., i, 164 robustus, » 5 168. Wallichii, Kz., i, 169. tosus, Kz., i, 330. Ellipeia for Sorvagine H.f. & Th., Embelia, Bata. - li, 101. orib W. Hndiandth R. Br., ate cheesy "Meizsn. ., li, 295. Enpoaens, i, (12). Bngelbardti Lesch., 490. cata, Bl., i, 491. andens, 416. Ez PACRIDEE, i i, or 3 Ye 94. Epigynum um, Wight., i thianum, ip ii, 184. ERICACEA, i, (7); ii 7)- dub in ifolia, Kz., i, 442. J “ong Ldl., i, , acrocar . ‘ i, 442. la glomerata, W: » ii, 213. iculata, Roxb, i ii, 214. Seka, Eo seat ie ylnaatanls cae Scare i, 2 scanden 8, BL, 3 Lb neg es or L, 4, = Burmanicum, { eicromeeeD tg nogynum, Roxb., Eugenia, le i, 477. cuminatissim: ac albiflora, Duthi a Baas Roxb. i i, 493. grata, +5 i, 480. jambolana, Lamk., i, 485. cape i, 487. i, 491. INDEX. 595 usta, Roxb i, 487. Zeyl anica, Wight, i, 481. a aa _ ks sone 5. ee ee Zwageri, i ii, Evodia, Forst. i, 179. triphylla, viticina, Wall. : 179. Evonymus, L., i, cal Muell. Arg., ti nese ophylla, Kz., ii, 414. Indica, Muell. Arg., ii, 413. 596 INDEX. Excecaria insignis, Muell, Aras ii, 412. oppositifolia, — ii, 4 “sebifera, Muell. Arg., ii, 412, a a; GL). Exogonium Purga, ii, 212. F ere. © ii, 20, 4 eaatee Jack., ii, 204 re Jack., ii, 205. Feronia, Corr clephantum, Cer i, 198. -cagaay bea i, ria, Lour, i, 53. Ficus, pilosa, Rwdt., ii, 441. mife era, Kz, 2, 54. "Bee Rumphii, BL, ii, seabrella, Roxb., ii, 455. Thom soni, Miq., ii, . ne ii, 419. trilo am., ii, 449. aniglandlors, Wall., ii, 453. , 458. osa, Pirzcares,: 8, i, (14). FILICES, i, (14); ii, 571. rsa gn _ » li, 448, carica, ii, Chittegonga, Miq., ii, 458. chrysocarpa, ote t., ii, 450. comosa, Roxb., conglomera rata, Roxb., i, 461, ig a ii, "448, h., ii, 461. acropoda, Kz., Mysurensis, Roth., ii, 440, nervosa, Heyne, ii, 453. nuda, Migq., li, 445. obtusifolia, Roxb., ii, 443. onusta, Wall., ii, 441. ii, Flemingia, Roxb., 370. bra cteata, wiht i, 372. Fraxinus Freycinet, Gaui, ii, 508. insignis, BL, ii, 509. G sme _ & Mor., ii, 407. llichii, Kz. ii, 407. ticeenet i: (7). ast lie ely A edeacal he Rees 2 Shey Sar ayaa Se st ee oT ter ae oy ees FSP SR Oa is ee eS pS. one Tbe re ieee. RE tesla INDEX. 597 ' — < i iO. anthochym ii, ie, i, 93. Gantenia, Ls ii, 39. panulata, —_ ii, 40. i, 43. Be, paws bara Kz., ii, 42. oclada, Kz «li, 40. i 44, pun: Gelonium, Roxb., bifarium, GENTIANALES, i, (8). GENTIANEG, i, (547) 5 ti, 208 Gironnier Gaud., i uspidata, Planch. ii, 470. eer nae Kz., 470. nervosa, Planeh.; ii, 469. a — Planch, & Trian., i, 89. , 88. ronniera subequalis, Planch., ii, 470. Gi Glochidion, Forst., ii, 341. Andaman caloc um, Kz., ii, toni, Kz., ii, 3 dasystylum, Sik 344, ifolium, Kz., ii, 345. glaucifolium, Kz., ii, 345, lanceolarium, Dalz., ii, 343. leiostylum, Kz., ii, ultilocul: ~ Kz., ii, 343. Nepalense, pike Pot , spherogynu “ ‘Kz,, ii, 346. — zoll,, ii, 344. sa » 542, Glos ocarya, Wall, ii, 257. mollis, cong ii, 67, GuuMazEs, i i; as 3). Gluta, L., i, elegans, | Kz., i, 310. longipetiolata, Kz., i, 310. Tavoyana, H.f., i, 309. Glycosmis, Corr., i, 184. arborea, Roxb., i, 185. cyan Spreng., i, 184. pen h ry oy i, 18 taphylla, Co trifoliata, Spreng., i, 185. er: sclerocarpum, Laws., i, — L., ii, 264. boreas Roxb. ii, 264, aaeiaion, L., ii, 265. hystrix, Schult., ii, 265. GNETACEZ, i, (12); li, 494. Gnetum, L., ii, edul cident ss i, 496. Gomphandra fins, Mast, Lee 239. thii, Hf. & Th.,i, 42. ipedalis, oe nite Gouania, L., i, 2 Brandi i Hassk.; i, 270. 598 Gouania, leptostachya, DC., i, 269. pe age i, (13); ii, 547. Grewia, L abetilifolia, Juss., i, 161. 1 Griffthia | lohgihera, "lank. a ii, 48. iamensis, iq., ii, 48. — ae A i, 149. tosa, HBK., i, 149. GuetiardayL oe 37. Griztia a Gunisanth _ = i, = = ulus, DC, i ios: GUTTIPERE, iy (3), 86. GUTTIFERALES, i, (3). Gymnema, R. Br, ibe 202. tum, Wall., ii, 202, GrusospEnas, i i (12). i, 76. Roxb, > Ge 470. acquini, ‘Saab, ‘i 470. H HAMAMELIDEZ, i, (5), 444. Harpullia, ae i, 287. cupanioides, Roxb. fy BST. se, Sa a =. i, 287. Harrisonia, R.Br., 3. Bennetii, wih, - anaes i, 203, Hedyotis ul Helianthus annuus, ii, on « ij ae i re INDEX. ; Helicia, Lour., ii Coc , 810. hi nehinensis, Lour., ii, 311. Ly mer erin elon ngata, — i, 144, L., lanata, Kr, i, 143. obtusa, Wall., i, 144. plebej, ~ , i, 14d i i 143. Homioretia: wighe Lk rn. ii, 365. Andamanica, Kz., 1i, 365. : Sa matrana, Muell. Arg., ii, 365. ae Indicus, ii, _ a i, 290. Hem a, Thw. ri, 291, Henalovts ia glabra Wall, iy i, 520. spt i, 520. Henslowia, BL, di ee 27. rantha, H.f., ii, 328. Heailemen: Gaertn., i, 538. glaucum, Bth. & a be 538. are euc nulosum, Seem , i, os. Heritiera, "Ait, i, 140. \ fomes, Buch. »i, 141. littoralis, Dry., Pe ° anacropb Wall. i, 141 rt, r, Lamk., ijk Hanssia: “1 ii, 309. tata, Meissn. ii, 809. Heteropanax, a fra, , Seam, i i, B41. Heteropheiaaths DC.,, ii, 235. rea, Kz., ii, Hevea Gayanenii ., li, 337. pial Heyne pa ie is, Juss., i, Roxb, = 225. ei Paseied ii, 123. Indica, Willd., i, 256. Hippocratea Lobbii, Laws., i, 548. Sei ke ae Ba ee gees ippocratea macrantha, Korth., i, 257. Hippomane ene i, 337 ee Gaertn., i, a ns, H Hee ps Sea % a8, obtu erste DC., i, 173. Holarrhena, R.Br., ii, 18 antidys enterica, Wall, ii, 182. ii, 181 — gifoli Holmskiadin, Retz, cra 256. anguine a, Reta, a5 i, BO. Homonay Tone .» li, 401. gre ii, 401. Wallic ii Hymenotityon, ‘Wall., ii, iflorum , Wall. : 72. 2. strictum, 50. Hyptianthera stricta, WA,, ii, 50. I Ichnocarpus, K,Br., ii, 185. frutescens, Rl Br., ii, 185. Ilex, L., i, 244. squlfclies i, 244. eymosa, BL, i, 246. INDEX. 599 Ilex gaultherisfolia, Kz., i, 245. yam, Coleb., i, 245. cea Wall, i i, 246. lllicium, i, 23. jus, Illigera, BL., i, 469. ap ee BL, i, 469. aria vo i3 niana, Grah., i, 359. Kz. i, 360. Inga, Willd., du ies ‘wi i, 431. Todes, = i, 243. randisii, Kz, -» 1, 243. ia keriana, Ball, i, 244. peer — - 1, 243. se teeass Sarr ome, , 218. Zeylanica, Gaertn., ii, 215. Tsonandra, spe i, 119. calon ura, XK Zy i, 119. Gutta, i ii, 115. polya: tha, Kz., ui, 119. Griff., ii, 120. val tte longi ora, ii, S 2 34 a: er, ‘Pandhuen, =k ii, 27. bata, , Roxb. 22. macrosiphon, Z., ii, 24, nancior Kn, ii, 19. > li, 23. Bind i Vhl., j ii, 21. pavetta, Roxb., ii, 18. recurva, Kz., he am rosella, Kz., ii, s rugosula, Wail, rf 25. oo ila 600 Txora, sessiliflora, Kz.; ii; 25. ‘ bin eefolia, Pete “4 18. J JASMINE R, j i (8) ii, 148, Jasminum, L fant oie Wall, ii, 152. attenuatum, Wall., ii, 151. arctatum, Ro i ine, — dens, Vil, 3 i 154 eee atk, ae, ii, 151. Jatropha, L., curcas, er i multifida, JUGLANDE A “ Fai) ii, 489, Juglans, i. L ii, 248. gendarusiy, ZL, 5 ily ve , Wall., ii, K — WA.z, i, 448. heeds WA., B 449. Kayea, hod 6. ori ss i, 96. Cd i, 96. Pikosen: litorais La i, 255. Korthalsia, rieky lacini Lg arte , 513. __ scaphigers, mar ‘i, sis, Kurrimia, Wall., i, 253 ne teen Wall., i, 253. herri: iL. i, 253. robusta, Kz., Kydia, Roxb., i, 123, ealycina, Roxb, i, 124, INDEX. L LABIATA, i, (10); ii, 276. 7 actuca sativa, li, Lagerstremia, L., i, 5 men villosa, Wall., i, 524. LAMIALES, i, (9). Lantana, L., ii, 252. a, Mill., ii, 253. la ki, trictus, Wight., ii, 31. eyanocarpus, J ack., ii, 32. i, 80; stipularis, BL, ii, 32. isa, 10} Wight. ii, 31. LAURALES, i, (10 LA URINE, i, 10); 3 ii, 284, Lawsonia, L., i, 519 ee i, 2) aspera, "Wall, i, 280. competitors, Kz., i, 279. tet a, Gift, i, 280. hir ta, “dient § a; 281. simbucina, Willd., i, 279. LEGUMINOS Ei i, (5), 330. Lepionurts, BI., ii, 32 sylvestri ca, Kz., i, 291, Leponychiy' Tare ‘, is. hetero Ky, b —s curroides, Bedd., ik L sett, espe Mich., i, 380. decora, Kz, i, 381. parviflora, Kaz i i, 381. AS i aeae Dire FO ee a aa ee, ee Lespedeza ere Kz., i, 381. sericea, M ito Roxb., e 216. aggregata, Roxb., ii, 216. gregata capitata, Bth. & HL ‘t, ii, 216. decora, Kz., - 78. oe R.Br., ii, 95. ~ anus, Tuk ii, 95. ccanus, Sche ff. ii, 96. pubese LILIA CBE | i, (13); ii, 541. et i, (13). Limac paar +» 1, 54. pid, H.., & Th., i, 54. ra, Miers e i, 55. Lindera, ; Tab. iy Assamica, Kz, i, ne Kz. Ligeid usitatissimum, i, 170. uidambar, i, Linen, larvae ii, 304. custifolia, — food 805. concolor, Kz. ” Sukie, R. Bre i; speciosa, Kz, rs “526. Lonicera, L., ii, jan allichii, LonantHach, i Tie ii, 313. Loranthus, L., ii ss 816. lei coccineus, gritty ii, 322. INDEX. 601 Loranthus ore ue Kz., ii, 321. falca subglob Luculia, Sw., i ii, atissima, ‘Sw, iy FAs illd. i, 468. ie scandens, Ham., i, 191. Lycopersicum es culentum, i ii, 223. LYTHRARIES, i, (6), 516. M Maba, — 139. sata Kz., li, 140. fruticosa, es i, 292. verrucosa, Scheff., ii, 98, ‘B76. 602 Magnolia, L., i, 24. sphenocarpa, R. i, 24, MAGNOLIACE4, i i, a 23. Malaisia, Lour., ii, 466. tortuos a, Blanco, i ii, 466. ‘Molle Rothii, in i, 214, Mallotus, Lour;, ii, 379. — anus, Muell. Arg., ii, tetracoccus, Kz., i MALPIGHIACKA, i, ‘O. 73. MALVAOEZ, i, (3), 1 MALvALzEs, i, (3). Mangifera, L.., i, M » Plum., ii, 401. utiliss sim Pohl, ii, 337, 402, Manglietia, BL., i, 25. i, 544 nfl Roxb, i, 544, Frmibta a, Endl., 5 5. ae R. Bre 2 201 ma, Wight, — » ii, 201. ria, R. Br., iy normale, 3 MELASTOMACE 4, ; ‘; (6), 501. Melia, L., i, 211. azadirach: L,., i, 212. INDEX, . Melia se sad ae i; 212. Meliosma, Bl., simpli iat, BL, 4, 801; Melocanna, Trin., ii, 568. am busze vides, Trin., ii, 569. i, 569 cet Kz., meee: li, Melochi, L i, i 148. ee i, 148. Mclodoram ene an Kz, rubiginostn, H £., & Th. “3 __ 43. rrucosum, gf, & Th., i, 43 Mosbi, Ais, celastrinum, Kz., i, 515. pun 1., i, 513. Talat, Naud, . 513. umbella’ arm., i, 516. iow ieme i, ory 51. esua, L., i, rrea, L., i, 97. a ‘Desf., i, 408. eullatam, WA, i, 409. rum, Desf., i, 409. Micheliae nt i, 25. champaca, L., 2 25. Microdesmis, Planch., ii, 408. ee Planch. ii, 408. Microglossa, DC,, volubilis, De, i 82. a BL, i hirsutum, Oliv. i, 187. pubescens, Bl., _ 186. Microtropis, ig i, 2 bivalvi lon; ngifolia, Wall., i, 250. — Lesch., i, 46. oxburghians, H.f., & Th., i, 47. rpa, Kz., i, 48. ra aie irae i, 47. : weer velutina, Hf. & Th., i, 47. a, WA., i, area, Bth,, i i, 358. Brandisiana, eee red i, 355. se » i, 353. tetra; _ i, 358. ee as ii, ee 4 238. hittoralis, Ke ii, 1 23. ifolia, Kz, ii, 124, 576. Monoc waaeesea i, 8, 58: ‘titolia, ae i, Gl.- Ro: i, 60. ata, Roxb., citrifolia, L., ii, 60. erta, Wallic Morindopsis, ELE, ii, 5: capillaris, Kz., ii 52. Moringa, J Fuss s a aertn., 1, 68. MORNGACE iy ase 68. Moroe & Zuce., ii, 427. aie "BL. ii, “428. Wallichianus, Migq., ii, 428. Morus, L., ii, 467, Indica, L., ii, 468. laevigata, Wall., ii, 467. Mucuna, Ad., i, 378. INDEX. 603 Mucuna ——"* DC, i, 378. rae i, 379. Mearonac: Wight, j i, 211. allichii, Wight, i, 211, Musa textilis, 4 li, 50: eipaoae AD, i, (12) ; ii, 504. — L., ii, 55. : cina, Wall, ii, ce Wa me Don, i is, i, 56. —— L., ii, 4 cerife era, li, , ATA, nagi, Thbg., ii, 475. sapida, Wall, ii, ra ss see a R.Br., ii, 54. jm, ii, 55. ms Br., ii, 55. Myriopteron on paniolatem, Griff. +» ti, 198. Myristica, L., ‘soygaling, Wall., ii, 283, cniption, "Wall, ii, 282. fr: a, Gaertn., ii, 282. gifolia, Wall., ii, 283. MYRISTICA CE, i, (10); ii, 281. M e, L., i ‘ii, 104, avenis, ii, 105. so sie Se » ti, 105. as UYRSINEE, ANC 5 19> UYRTALEZ, i, (6), 471. Myrtatss, i, (5). Myxopyrum, BL, ii, 160. plate su BL, ii, 160. ~ N sp. a Gaertn., ii, 500, racteata, es ii, 500. latifolia Gord, i ii, 500. Zeylani Pn Kz., thun vergiafola, Kz., i, 237. Natsiatum, Ham., i, 242. , Ham,, i, 242. Nauclea, L., ii,3 cordi folia, Roxb., ii, 66. 604 Nauclea ~as igre Wall., ii, 617. 65. xcelsa, BL, ii, parvifolia, Roxb. e a polycephala, rotundifolia Roxby ii, 6. sessilifo ~ ii, 65. Nectandra Dobe Nelitris paniculata a, i, 475. Nephe = 2. Po ER Kz., i, 294, hypoleucum, — 5 litchi, WA., i, 293. longana, Cam ft i, 294. rubescens, Hath | i, 294. Nerium, L., ii, 194 Sol., ii, 194, odorum. sie ate pect Wall., ii, 221. osa, Wall, ii, 222. Nicotiana, i il,, 228, Ni sey ad DC, i, - Bag i, 59. vail Kz., i, 59. Nipa, Rumph i 540. Fe i, 541. NY rOTAGINE, ‘e 10) i ii, if” O78. ctanthes, L., ii, 1 arbor tristis, Tt ii, 155. 6) Ochna, Schreb., i, 204. i i, 205. ulosa, Kz. , 206. squarrosa, Roxb. i, 205. Wallichii, Planch., i, 205. (4) acuminata, Wall. (0. Zeylanica), Saiteate. Roxb., i, 234. scandens, Roxb., i, 2 -Zeylanica (acuminata), i, 238, 547. eta -Tournef., ii, 156. denta tata,’ stag ii, 157. » Roxb., i, 157. Europea, ii, 149, IN — Olea, — Kz., ii, 158. ora, Ki., ii, 157. Omphalobi um Lambe rti, i, 323. Optionhie 2 mungos, ii, 5. it ei serpent, Willd., ii, 171. Opilia, Roxb., i, 238. a, Miq., " ii, 427. Genkcie em felieta, li, 285. Ormocarpum, P.B., i, 390. oy DC., i, 390. ——— Bl., 6, DE: i, 49. Brandisti, HE. & Th, i, 50. hex andra, BL, i, 49. polycarpa, DG, i i, 49. Oroxylum, — t., ii, 237. Indicum, Bth. ” ii, 237. Onthaiithants viminea, ii, 195. Ostodes, BL., ii, 403. Helferi, Muell. — a ii, 404. panicu —_ Fa ees BL, i, 5 rth., i, 502. Culelanieis lanata, T. et B., i, 143. ae Bl. i, 40. rnicata, H.f. & Th., i, 41. Maclean Hf. & Th. ue or 40. stenopetala, H.f. & Th., i, 40 ig ee “a8 & Thyi, 41. Oxyspora, DC., i, 505. cernua, H.f. & Th., i, 505. Oxytenanthera albociliata, Munr., ii, 555. 7 Pachygone, Miers., i, 56. dasycarpa, Kz «9 i, 56. odo: ee Miers., i, 56. Pederia, L., ii, = —_— aoe ars ii, 76. a, Roxb. ig Uy Pahudia, M: Mig, os ly B1Ss ocarpa, fruticosus, Ti, i, 537. ginseng, Mey. » 1, 535. Pancovia, Willd., i, 295. rubiginsa, oe ., 1, 296. i, 296. PANDA ACEE, : (8) li, 505. Pendanas, L.f., ii, 505 Andamanensi ium, Ka,, ii, 506, feetidus, Roxb., ii, 506. - eT ee ee oe {ae Sane, CE th Sm ee eaeage fae Roxb., ii, 507. ifolius, Kz., ii, 507. ote Ske , li, 50 bes m, Jones, ii, 507 — L.£., ii, 508. it a, Wight, i, 198. Paranephetii, Mig i, 286. lum, Migq,, i, 286, aE cate ae rps liz. stellata, Kz., s 417. Lara i, (2). | es cain Kz., ii, 121. PEDALINED: 7 Sa: a: 248. peseme oe acidula, Penicillaria spicata, ii, a Pentace, Hassk., i, 154. Burmanica, Kz., i, 154. Pentacme, DC., i, 119. Siamensis, Kz., i, 119. Pentanura, BL., ii, 196. ana, Kz,, ii ii, 196. Pentaptera macrocarpa, Wall., i, 459. Pergularia, L., ii, 202.” INDEX. 605 Porgubenis ren se: L., ii, 203. ida, WA., i i, 208. ‘1) ; Pharbitis cathaation ii, Phlebocalymna ‘aries, orebi i, 241. Lobbi Mast., Wallichis, Mast. i i, aan — NE., ii, 246. gnis, Kz., ii, 246. rus, NE., ii, 246. Phormium tenax, Photinia calae Wall., i i, 442. yllanthus, i » i, 347. beobotryoides, Muell. Arg., ii, columnaris, pee Some ii, 347. distichus, L., emblica, oe 48 lanceolarius, Mnell Arg., ii, 343. reti —* Poir., li, 354. ‘ te bane li, Phy eosin Wail, ; on ts, Wall, i a purroiaccscaa, i a9); 3 li, 280. Picrasma, Jaan Bl, i, 201, Pimenta, i, 4 Pinanga, B. gracilis, Kz., : —— Ke ag hy E80. Pinus, L., ii, 498. rol , Royle, ii, 499. Me at Sungh. i ii, 499. are ii, 2 Pirus, ociies a, Bert., i, 442. Indica, Coleb., i. 441, Shibeectontes Mart,, angulatum, Beh i 430. dulce, Bedd., i, 431. amet, Kz., i, 430. 606 Pithecolobium lobatum, Bth., ~ 429. PITTOSP dager gk exe betes ange Ng i, 78. Plagio; hay e Griff, cv 172; : suaveolens, Griff, i, 172. Planchonia, Bl,, i, 450. aida, BL ” i, 450. Phestoesmnlas BL, ii, 514. ma acrostachya, Kz., ii, 514. Plectronia, L., i ii, ¢ gracilipes, Kz., ii, 3 Foret, Beh. H. hy g, 36, aga h. & H.E., ii, 36. cae Cas ii, ovine, Kz., ii, 575. Tntica, $., il, 83. PLUMB. BAGINES, ii, 96. PLUMBAGINER, i, (547) ii, 96. — Europea, ii, 96. ii seg Ze Zeylani » i, hes —— roils i, 178. utifolia, Poin, ii, 179. POLEMONTALES, j i, (8). = BL, i, 36. cides, Bth. & H = i, 38. aa Hf. & Th, i, 39. Sum na, Kz., i, 37. peaaele © arate Ham » i, spt : zg, i, 79. POL YGALER, | i, (2), 73. PoLyGaxss, i er ignee3 ts i, 444, allichii, Benn., i, 444, , Pouerstana, (1). i, 38. _Podoe: vearyns bracte niu, Bh, ii, 500. ii, 500. Helferi, Hf. & Th, i, 39. Populus, ii, 492. Porana, L., ii, 220, h. & H.f., li, 36, 5 INDEX. Porana, { eecpmeererg = ii, 220, oes lis, K apron ie iis Posoqueria fascioutaay Réxb, ‘J ii, 49. Pottsia, Hoo Arn., ii, domes Hook, “t Arn., ii, — Goud, i, 425. a, Wedd, il, 495, Pisirnat! Li. iy tL 2 amplectens, Wall, ie one esculenta, Ro xb., rratifolia jas tomentons, Willa, ra yore viburnoid s, Wall. ii, 261. PRIMULALES, i L (8). Priotropis, WA., i, 363. cytiso vides, WA., Rescbag gegied ‘ aie i BiG: unus, L., i, 433. Martabanica, Kz., i, 434, Persica, Bth., i, 438. Puddum, ai, x, triflora, Roxb., i, 484, Pseudostachyum, Munr., i i egos Kz., ii, 567. ope Kz, Psidium, L., i, 476. wa, L., i, pyriferum,. L., i, 4 6. tag bohm .. i, 476. Parchotin: Lis ti, 8, pes Hes Kz., ii, 12. par - Kz, ii, 13, Bs ii, 9, connate, Wall, ii, 10. ra, Makara on Pternandra, Ja ciel Sak i, | 509. ulescens, Jack., i, 609. rocarp Pteroloinu, R.Br., ropte watch re " 410. ape Schreb., i, 144. cerifoli um, Willd., i, 145. Javanicum, Jungh., i, 147. lane exfolium, Roxb., chi 146. misagittatum, Roxb., i, 146. S be 1, Putranjiva, Wall., ii, 366. Ro xburghii, oe ii, 366. Pycnarrhena, pers ae BL, enuato, Hts wi, 105. eeflora, Kz., i, 105. ee atte Kz., i, 105. serrata, Bl., i, 105. Q Quercus, L., li, 482. : uminata, Roxb., ii, 484. mherstian: Wall., ii, 484, sliden, anak, i, 467. R -peamguarongin ye ii, 232. Seem., ii, 232. RANALES, i, xO Randia, L., ii, exaltata, y Griff, ii, 46, INDEX. Randia > DC, ii, 45. s, DC., = ‘45. racemose, Roxb a 51. uliginosa, DC., ii, 44. RAN UNCULACEA, i (2), 15. = iy, is erpen sta, Bth., ii, 171. Bete: Sonn., ii, ada, ee Sonn., ii, 504, Rhododendson, 1 Tn, fi, 93. arbore mi., ii, e formosum, Wall., ii, 94. Mouimeinens, Hook., ii, 94. Rhus, L., i, 3 J wane L,, i, 319. Khas a. #., i, 320. * PS z o wo ran ta, Roxb i, 440. Walli Roydsia, Roxb. optusigolia, He. & Th,-i, 67. ora, @ Griff,, i, 67. Rubia cordifolia, ii, 5. RUBLACEE, | i, ‘Oil ii, 4. Rub 43 as, iy hy fero us, Sm RUTACEE, . tah, — Ryparia, BL, i, 77. codin, "Bhs i i, 78. 607 608 Sabia, serene i, 300. ace Wall., i, 300. dissima, Kz. “es i; ‘301. SABIA CEE, j i, (5), 3 Saccharum offic EAS dag #, 548, Sageretia, Brongn, i, 267. theezans, Brong. og 1; BOT Salacia, L., i, 2 flavescens, Kz., i, floribunda, Wight, i, 258 uu 3 8 rrucosa, Wight, i, 259. SALICINEZ, i, (12); ii, 492. Salix, L., ii. 492, tetrasperma, aap ii, 493. 3. unbergian 1g 3, Se SAMYDACEE i, i, (. 528. Sandoricum, Cayv., i, 2 ery? Cav. 5 917. Sansevi SANTALACES, E: (19) 5.3 li, 327. SANTALALES, i, sass ~ ii, ig S. m, L., RAPINDACER § i "G): 282, SAPINDALES, i, (5). Sapindus, Plum _ fanoraces i, Or ii, 115) guages Kz., ii, 29. ternatum, Bth.. & HL, ii, i, 242 Seinsaia, 4 Willa. i 102, Scutia, — die INDEX. Saurauja armata, Kz., a 103. macrotricha, Kz., i, 104. Punduana, Wall, i, 103. i, 349. compre — Mall Arg., ii, oe gularis, Muell. Arg., SAXIFRAGES, i, 443, ‘Sceevola, — ii, 84 ‘ nigii, Mi ti 84, Scolopia, Saliveb , Wa ‘iL, Roxburghii, ae i, 73. Seytalia betes Rox Secamone a tt ii, ae Securidaca, inap’ ppen -sdicalat —_— i, 80. Tavoyana, Wall., Securinega leucopyrus, "Muell. Arg., ii, nh a, Muell. Arg., ii, 354. SEED- wanenre ‘PLANTS, i, (1). Semecarpus, L.f., i, 311. albesce rahamii, Kz., i, 315. heterophyllus, 'BL, i, 312. panduratus, Kz, i, 312. Sossatilie: cance li, 249. Sesbania, Pers., i, K ? mon Kz 4,2 Noronhz, Rwdt., i, 107. Wallichii, Chois,, i, Schizochiton, Bl., i, 215. dysox lius, Kz., i, 215 diflorus, Kz., i, 216. aa ny i, 216. Schileichera, Willd. i, 289. i gratissima, Dyer, i, 121. Helfer, Kz., i i, 119. PRO sep atl oe ee Sele aay exits Shorea nervosa, Kz., 1, 119 obtusa, stellat Sehrebotn Roxb, li, 155. ; enioides,_ Hoxb., li, 156. ‘ Sidaroxplon,: L., ii, 116.) attenu aatum, DC. i 107. gece a Wall, ii, a7 a Kz., ii, i, 576 m, Roxb. “th 116. oti Simaba ang SIMAR UBEE, ; 4), 199. Sin _ — 5 i, mensis, ‘Mig. > ty 408. Sighonis aistien, 3 ii, — Sipho saga en se 5 ie us, wate i, 254. Sladen, Kt, i, 100. astrifolia, Kz., i, 100. Smilax med ii, 542. SoLaNAtEs, i, (9). SOLANER, _ (9); ii, 222. Solanum, L., i 226. Indicum, NE., the 226. ‘ron i tuberosum, ii, 223. verbascifolium, he po 225. Wrightii, “ig: Solenostigma Endl, Mere BL, i AT. i, 526 Griffi eae L., i, 334. mentosa, L., i, 335. hcshens ii, saceharatnn, d 548. Scruiia A A. Juss., i. febrifuga, ‘Jus. -» i, 228, Spathodea, P.D.B., ii, 233. ameena. valutine. Kz.,, ii, i, 235. VOL, It INDEX. jatvacg at wrbeerig ee ag hg BOO: ohne Bth., i, 365. Satin © sate era, es rs., i, 322. Sponia i BL, ii, ientalis, Planch. Ss 468. solution: Pla Wightii, Plieh, ii 469. SPORE-BEARING P. i, (14). Statice Carolinians, ii Stemonuras, BL, i, J w S&S ii i, 229. Stephe. ion € parefiia, Korth., ii, 66. <——— Li wis 5 ree ee a DC. 34, oe TA, ‘Lour., i Zeylanica, Batiste WA, i ii, y, Wight fi ii, 198. entostim, Wight, i ii, 198. Strobila niin BL, ii, 242. fiabriste: an flaccida, ii, 239. flava, Kz., ii, 243. lamioides, T. o7 ., li, 244, N Simonsii, T, re i, 244. 2P 609 610 Strombosia, BL, 235. Javanica, “BL, in 235. Strophanthus, DC., ii, 1 brevicaudatus, Wight, ii, 191, pores Kz., ii, 192. Griffi Wight., Hy iOt, longicandatas, Wight, ii, 191. 165. ‘Strychnos, L., acumin by Spey li, — serrulatum, acorn Wall : ii, 142, sage’ Baill., ii, 376. rophylla, = Arg., ii, 376. Swintonia, ( Griff, 3 Griffit Helferi, H.f,, i, ais Schwenckii, a & ron 4,316. Symphorema, Roxb., ‘Baill, ii, 378. Symplocos, L., ii, 142. ta, leucantha, Kz., ii, lucida, Wall, ii, pedicellata, = cata, rics i 146. 45. i ii, 174. 173. zoides, microcarpa. ophiorrhi Kz., ii, 175. Tabernemontana, recurva, Roxb, ii, 174, rostrata, Wall., ii, 174, INDEX, Tabernemontana subcapitata, Wall., ii, Talauma, Juss, fee BL, i, ie mutabi “a Bea = ey A Raban iana, H £ me Th,, i, 24. Tamarindus, 1.., i, Indica TAMARISCINER, i, (3) 82. amarix, L., i, dioica, jeath i, 83. Gallica, L., i, 83. Tapiria, aecciehs hi i, 259. Ha ieee ‘Wall., 259. Teinostachyum Gri ifithis, Sees ii, oe Te alata, fate. i, 458, 458. 4 454. » 1, 456. arjun a, Bedd., Bolerioa, Roxb., a, Kz. ag Kz., tomentosa, pa Ng i, 458. Ternstroemia, os) i ce ‘ sienna jana, wr, TERNSTROMLA OBE, i, at 97. — - Bre., i, ra, R.Br., i, 534. Tetracer e i 128 sem phi iia, Kz, i, 22. Tetranthera, 5 acq., ii, albicans, has , ii, 303. amara, , — laurifolia Sore ii, 207 lei a, Kz, paren NO a “i, 301. aaa Panamonja, NE., ii, 302. polyanth a, Wall., ii i, 301. tom ‘Kiicaonee CL), Thanginia ve so ii, 161. Thespesia, Corr Lam i, 128. populnes, toes, i 128. Thevetia, i, i, 167. ertifo lia, Juss., ii, 167. Sieibtegts, iif, Hi, 239. di HYMELZ. ee i 0); ; ii, 332. st TILIACEZ, i, (3), 1 Tiliacora, Colebr., i, racemosa, ‘Coleb., i, 54. Toxocarpus, Wight & Arn., ii, 199. laurifo eM Wight in, 199. Tragia, ‘Plum, . Hecate i .5 i, 398. involucrin, Jacq., ii, 398. ep Si 4 inensis, BL., ii, 469. orientalis, Bl., i Trevesia, Vis., i, “ie Vis, 3» 1,589. agian Li, aaiflora, L., ~ 379. Telgtncomantis BL, heteran thum, Wight, ii, 406. ii, 407. Grif Mergu oo H.f. & Th., i, 542. mea 4 Turpinia, sg a i, 29 ri tag is, Wal; i, 292. Tylophora poe Bo i, 195. INDEX. U Ulmus, beeen “% oe Roxb., ii, 473. isn Inala, eta ii, 473. near, «ec ii, 68. rruginea, a3 ii, 69. pilosa, Rox Pessilifolia, Ro xb, i, 69. wer uctus, yd te i, 71. Unona, L., i, = syaechal ae i, 36. 62. nta, Bth., ii, 184. Urophyllum, Weds & Wall, li, 52. oculare, Kz., ii, 52. i a, ptychocalyx, Mie hee urpurea, BL, i, 27. Vv Vaccinium, L., ii, 85 acumi variegatum, Kz,, ii ii, 88 verticillatum, Kz., ii, 87. Vallaris, waives ii, 180. otoma, vie ii, 181. Veo puetls Comm., i, 83. 612 — Sate Vhl., - aa. pubescens, Kz., ii, 34. spin Sr Riad. = i 34. Vatica, L., i, 122. gra ndiflora, Dyer., i, 112. 263. acetate Gaertn, i, 262. i, Laws. VERBE. NA Cb, i, Os li, 251. Vernonia, Schreb., ii, 7: uminata, be, ry 79. rltameiafokta, DG, ii, 79. Viburnum, L Cetin — ii, 2 “sre eceey Pitciecacses aA wit Wedd., ii, 427, Vinca, yee ii, ie rroLdoee, i ©, @. Viscum, L., ii, pair fi as Pats ii, 325. dichotomum, Don, ii, 325. — rme, = li, 325. li, 324. orientale, Willd, iis 324. valifolium, Wall., 325. Vitex, te ii, = astus, L., ii, 269. 8 Rottl. a. 272. all., 272. Wimberey, kz, ii, 271. Vitis, g P —- lanata, lanceolaria, Wall, i, ‘272, INDEX. bd agen Roxb., ¥y a 1, Kz, vinifera, L., i, ‘opie scenes ; Kz., li, Wendi Bast, a 73. » i, 75. riff., Wilhaghbeia, Roxb., oe 164. recrsrh Roxb, 165. ae Well, ii, 165. 518. iowa, Bed, i, 518. ig ; i 193. snoltieiaes all., ii, 192. a “ip 194, tinct i, 193. a, R. Br., Wallichii, Dalz., ii, 193. Ds coins x Xanthochymus opera Roxb., i, 93. Xantho Pry aon i, 80. virens, Roxb., i, recs arborea, i ii, 542. Xerospermum, BL, i, 295. oro: va essen BL, i, 295. ae | os ‘ 232. ricana L., i, 232. Xylia, Bth. 4 labor Bth., i, 419. oe ena Forst., ongifoliom, Clos., 110; a . Y Yucea, ii, 542. INDEX. 613 Z Zalacca, ee ii, 511 ana, Mart., ii, 611. a c. sf = ntho m, DC., i, 181. ee ny Ke, i, 181. sata nga, DC., — miltonianum, ‘Wall. i, 181. rugos Zolli nie Ka. a Si ie Kz., i, 288.