ARTICLE XX. Descriptions of new Species and Genera of Plants in the natural Order of the Composit, collected in a Tour across the Continent to the Pacific, a Residence in Oregon, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands and Upper California, during the Years 1834 and 1835. By Thomas Nuttall. Read Oct. 2, 1840. Tribe I. VERNONIACE. | eam VERNONIA *spheroidea, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, serrate, beneath vil- lous; corymb compound, many-flowered, flowers small; involucrum subglo- 2 bose, scales short and equal, tomentose and reflected —Has. Prairies of Ar- Age me kansas. Oxzs.—Remarkable for the reflection of the scales of the involucrum, which are all short, equal, and densely tomentose at the base and margins. Vernonia Arkansana, (DEcaND.) nearly smooth and herbaceous; leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, serrulate; corymb simple; flowers large, nearly all pedunculate, hemispherical; leaves of the involucrum lanceolate, terminating in very long, filiform, leafy, and spreading points.—Has. Plains of Arkansas, near Red River. | Oxss.—Remarkable for the great size of the heads of flowers, more than twice as large as in any other of our species, and also singular in the great length of the squamose points of the leaflets of the involucrum, which are a little pubes- cent. The leaves are very long, narrow, and smooth. Achenium somewhat pubescent. Pappus double, as usual. Missousi BOTANICAL Baspen Lisnary 284 ' DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Tribe II. EUPATORIACE. (Lessing, Decand.) LIATRIS. Liatris brachystachya. (Nutr.) Arkansa; also in the prairies of Missouri, common. Liatris pychnostachya? Muicu. Vol. IL, p. 91. Liatris oppositifolia (NuTT.) is a species of Hupatorium. Liatris virgata, (Nurv.) nearly smooth; root tuberous; stem often paniculately and virgately branched; the flowers sometimes upon short, but usually on long pedicels; involucrum subhemispherical; fifteen to twenty flowered ; scales oval, nearly all equal and imbricate, somewhat acute or obtuse; pappus rather short, slightly plumose; receptacle naked, or bracteolate—Has. In the pine forests of Georgia, and near Newbern, N. Carolina. Very peculiar in its great tendency to branching; the branches slender. Leaves linear, sublanceolate, not remark- ably unequal; erect, or reflected; smooth, or somewhat ciliated. One speci- men, which I cultivated at Cambridge, Mass., had a bracteolate receptacle, with a foliaceous scale to each floret; in this individual the leaves were reflected, I give the following apparently new genus of VeRNontacE®, allied to Vernonia, collected by the late Doctor Baldwin on some part of the Pacific coast of South Ameriea, and from its curious honey-combed receptacle, I have called it * SYMBLOMERIA. _ Capitulum many-flowered, homogamous; the florets tubular and deeply five-cleft, with linear segments, the exterior series subpalmate. Receptaculum pitted with angular cavities like a honey-comb, in which the turbinate villous achenium is almost wholly immersed, (as in Bald- winia.) Involucrum hemi herical, imbricate, and somewhat squarrose, in several unequal series, the scales adnate at their base. as with the branches filiform and pubescent, acuminate. Pappus double, and, in several is ME and much shorter, all paleaceously bristly.— A shrub eight or ten feet high, with alternate, lanceolate, ‘acuminate, entire, smooth leaves; capi- tuli rather large, axillary and terminal, pedicellate and corymbose (florets apparently white, judg- ing by the dried specimen.) Symblomeria Baldwiniana. A branching shrub with terete somewhat cinereous puberulous branches and young shoots. Leaves about three inches long, an inch to an inch and a half wide, acuminate at each end. Ca- pituli a little larger than those of Vernonia noveboracensis, AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 285 and usually ciliate at base, with the leaves of the involucrum more obtuse. Others, differing in no other external character, had a naked receptacle! The Carphephorus pseudolatris of Cassini is, then, nothing more than a true Liatris; and I therefore retain the name I gave to the Alabama specimens, of Liatris squamosa; but it may, perhaps, with others, form a section CaRPHEPHORUS, to which, however, our plant cannot be referred, as the chaff-bearing plant is scarcely even a permanent variety. Inatris *levigata, root tuberous; in every part very smooth; radical leaves, long and linear, with smooth margins; stem somewhat attenuated, with very short, almost filiform leaves; involucrum filiformly pedicellate, smooth, of about two series of obovate, acute, coloured scales; florets about five, or more; pappus short, barbellate; achenium villous.—Has. In Florida and Georgia.— Allied to the L. gracilis of Pursh, but the capituli are not at all globose, nor the pedicels spreading, but erect, and without any proper bractes. Stem three or four feet high, attenuated, and sparingly scattered with almost filiform, subu- late leaves; radical ones near a foot long, pungently acute and coriaceous. Inatris resinosa of Decandolle is apparently the L. punctata of Hooker, as the pappus is merely scabrous, or barbellate, in L. resinosa. The L. punctata appears intermediate with L. squarrosa and L. cylindracea. Lnatris heterophylla appears, usually, to have the stem pubescent, and not smooth. Subgenus.—* Leprociinium. Suffruticose, branching; leaves opposite; capitu- lum attenuated at the base; receptaculum very small. Achenia acutely conic, ten to twelve striate. Pappus barbellate, elongated in several series, and, as well as the florets, purple. Inatris fruticosa, (Nutt.) suffruticose; leaves opposite, above alternate, small- er, cuneate-oblong, entire; branches corymbose, naked towards the summit : capituli coarctate.-—Has. Collected in East Florida by Mr. Ware. Capituli in smallish terminal clusters, upon slender pedicels; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, loosely imbricate in about three series, the innermost much the longest; florets vViL.—3 w 286 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES purple, as well as the pappus, which is as long as the florets. Corolla wider at the summit, rather deeply cleft—The habit of this singular species is much more that of Kleinia or Eupatorium than that of Liatris, with which, however, the flowers best agree. EUPATORIUM.—Section I. CyLInpDRocEPHALA. ‘(Decand.) Eupatorium * calocephalum; herbaceous, somewhat scabrous and pubescent; leaves opposite, narrow-lanceolate, oblong, denticulate, three-nerved and sub- petiolate; flowers paniculate, corymbose; capituli cylindric-ovate; involucrum closely imbricate; scales three-striate, oblong-obtuse, the innermost purple; florets fifteen to twenty.—Liatris oppositifolia, (NUTTALL,) in Silliman’s Jour- nal, Vol. V., p. 299. A species so remarkably distinct from the other group of the United States as to have led me into the error of referring this species to the genus Liatris: better specimens have now proved it to be an Eupatorium of Decandolle’s first section. The stem somewhat scabrous, slender, twiggy, and herbaceous, about two feet high, the upper branchlets terminating in tri- chotomous flowering corymbs. Each capitulum pedicellate; scales of the in- volucrum chaffy, striate, and with a coloured, slightly foliaceous tip, mostly purple; florets scarcely exserted; pappus short, slightly scabrous; achenium smooth, five-striate. Receptacle naked. Eupatorium occidentale, 3. subroseum. Inthe Rocky Mountains, toward the waters of the Columbia, and in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Eupatorium Oregonum, slightly scabrous; leaves opposite, above alternate, petiolate, ovate, acute, entire; corymb sub-coarctate, few-flowered; involucrum twelve to fifteen flowered, scales almost in a simple series, acute, pubescent; achenium five-striate—Has. In the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Malade of the Oregon. —Nearly allied to the preceding. A very dwarf species, about six inches high. Leaves about an inch long, somewhat three- nerved. Flowers pale pink. BULBOSTYLIS. (Decand.) Bulbostylis * microphylla ; suffruticose low, viscidly pubescent, villous and much branched; leaves alternate, ovate, subserrate, on the branches numerous AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 287 and small, nearly entire; panicle few-flowered, subfastigiate; capituli pedicel- late; scales of the involucrum linear lanceolate, acuminate; pappus white.— Has. On the shelving rocks of the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Ozs.—A very remarkable species. Perennial, forming rigid dwarf suffruti- cose tufts of very branching stems, scarcely a foot high, viscid, with a bitter, highly aromatic resin. The larger leaves roundish-ovate, about an inch long, those on the branches and upper part of the stem (as in some Asters) diminish- ing to a fourth of that size, and numerous. Involucrum ovate, squarrose at -base. Flowers white? BRICKELLIA. (Ellictt.) Evpatorium, but with the involucrum ovate, or hemispherical, of several se- ries of loosely imbricated, usually striated scales, the inner scariose, the lower spreading, with subulate leafy points. Florets ten to fifty. Achenia subcy- lindric, with ten strie. Pappus pilose, barbellate, or scarcely scabrous. Re- ceptacle naked.—Leaves opposite, and alternate above. Corolla purple or white. Flowers corymbose, or clustered. Section I. EusrickeLi1a.—Involucrum squarrose at base; the scales with four prominent strie@ on each. Brickellia cordifolia, (EX.uiort,) leaves opposite, cordate, acuminate, dentate, triply-nerved, pubescent beneath, above alternate; corolla and pappus more or less purple; achenia pilose above-—Has. In Georgia. Brickellia grandiflora, leaves alternate, deltoid-cordate, acuminate, incisely dentate towards the base, entire at the point, smooth on both surfaces, and co- vered beneath with resinous atoms; flowers in fastigiate clusters, the upper part of the stem branching; inner scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, acute; pappus white, achenia smooth.—Eupatorium? grandiflorum. Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IT., p. 26. Has. In the Rocky Mountain range, by streams, in gravelly places, and west, to the lower falls of the Columbia.—Perennial. Stems many from the same root, about twelve to fifteen inches high. The whole plant almost per- fectly glabrous. Leaves alternate, sometimes almost opposite, approximate, on longish petioles, deltoid-cordate, acuminate, coarsely and deeply toothed ‘to- 288 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES wards the base, smooth and green, but shining, with a coating of yellow resi- nous atoms having a heavy aromatic scent; stem branching above; branches terminating in corymbulose clusters of subsessile flowers, about five capituli ineach. Florets straw-yellow, inclining to white, cylindric and smooth, the border connivent. Stigmas exserted, smooth, thicker toward the extremity. Achenium cylindric, ten-striate. Pappus of a single series of twenty to twenty- four scabrous hairs. Receptacle naked, flat. Brickellia * oblongifolia, leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, nearly all entire, scabrous, viscid, and shortly pubescent; stems subdecumbent, branched above; flowers corymbose, subsessile; inner scales of the involucrum long, linear, and acute; pappus barbellate, white, twenty to twenty-four rayed.— Has. Gravel bars of the Columbia and tributary streams, and along the Wah- lamet, common. Oxss.—Perennial, viscid, aromatic and heavy-scented; many stems from the same perennial root, scarcely a foot high. Involucrum at length spreading out flat, the inner sepals longer than the long, almost plumose, pappus. Lower sepals lanceolate, a little spreading. Receptacle naked. Achenium cylindric, ten-striate, somewhat pubescent. Florets thirty to forty, yellowish, narrow and inconspicuous; stigmas but little exserted, thickened at the extremity, and smooth.—Flowery in August and September. Apparently a species of Clavi- gera, but the achenium is pubescent, and deeply ten-striate. NARDOSMIA. (Cassini.) Nardosmia palmata, leaves reniform-cordate, unequally seven-lobed, incisely toothed; female liouli minute, stigma bifid. Twusszlago palmata, (Arr.)—Has. Maine. ~ ti. N. *Hookeriana, leaves cordate, not very deeply palmately lobed, the divi- sions angular and toothed, beneath tomentose. NV. paimata! Hooker. Bor. Am., Vol. L., p. 308. Wiup. Sp. Pl. 1. c., Pursn in part. Dercanp, Vol. V., p. 206, not of Aiton. Closely allied, if, indeed, sufficiently distinct from N. corymbosa. ; Nardosmia * speciosa, dioecious, flowers and leaves coeval ; leaves cordate-reni- form, circular, about nine-lobed, not deeply cleft, divisions angularly toothed AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 289 and mucronately denticulate, beneath more or less tomentose; scape tall, with numerous leaf sheaths; thyrsus many-flowered, smooth.—N. palmata? Hooker. —Has. Shady forests of the Oregon and Wahlamet, by streams.—May. A very showy species; easily confounded with the true N. palmata, though _ wholly distinct, being a larger plant, with the leaves more numerously lobed, and not so deeply cleft. Leaves a foot high, six or more inches across, the outline circular, with denticulations as well as angular indentions. Thyrsus eighteen inches to two feet high, fastigiate. In the female, the capituli twenty to twenty-five, large and conspicuous; the liguli white, exserted, very nume- rous, linear-oblong, the style filiform and undivided! pappus white, moderately copious.—Quite an ornamental species, with fragrant flowers. ADENOCAULON. (Hooker.) Adenocaulon *integrifolium; primary leaves ovate, or subelliptic, the rest deltoid or subcordate, nearly entire, almost all radical.—Has. Shady woods of the Wahlamet, near its confluence with the Oregon. A smaller species than the A. bicolor, which it greatly resembles, but the leaves are not lobed, the cor- date ones only are a little repand at times near the base. Perhaps not suffi- ciently distinct from the A. Chilense. Tribe III. ASTEROIDEA. (Less. ) Subtribe ASTERINEE. CORETHROGYNE. (Decand.) Capitulum radiate, many-flowered, the rays sterile, in one series, destitute of achenium and pappus; discal florets tubular, shortly five-toothied, glandular. Sepals of the involucrum similar, imbricated in three to five series, more or . less herbaceous and reflected at the points. Receptacle flat, alveolate, and naked. Branches of the stigma exserted, filiform, terminated by hirsute tufts of pubescence. Achenium turbinate, silky. Pappus of unequal length, in several series, scabrous.—Perennial herbaceous plants of Upper California, tomentose; stems branching; branches one or few-flowered, fastigiate; leaves vil.—3 x : & 290 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES linear entire, the radical and lower ones spathulate, serrate towards the apex. Liguli conspicuous, purple; disk yellow. Pappus rufous. Allied to Hete- rotheca, but with the rays neuter, the pappus simple, and the flowers hetero- chromous. Corethrogyne *incana., arachnoidly tomentose, leaves oblong-lanceolate, or linear, acute, amplexicaule, nearly entire; branches slender, one or few flow- ered, fastigiate; involucrum viscidly pubescent, of about four series of acute sepals, the lower ones squarrose; rays about twenty, as long as the disk.— Has. Near St. Diego, Upper California. Flowering in May. Rays fia fine, light bluish purple. Stems numerous, about twelve to eighteen inches long, very leafy, branching above; branches slender, one to three-flowered; lower leaves somewhat three-nerved. Capitulum about the size of the common Daisy; the involucrum viscid, and sometimes the extreme branchlets; sepals linear-lanceolate. Rays tridentate, without any distinct germ or pappus. C. Californica? Decann. Diplopappus incanus, Linp. Aster? tomentellus? (Hoox. and Arn. Bot. Beechy.) With the heavy aromatic odour of some Gnapha- hums. Corethrogyne * filaginifolia, arachnoidly tomentose, radical leaves spathulate, serrate, those of the stem linear, or spathulate, acute, entire, sessile; branches one-flowered, fastigiate; involucrum in about three series of lanceolate, very acute, erect sepals; rays twenty to twenty-four, bidentate, scarcely as long as the disk. Aster? filaginifolius. Hoox. and Arn. Bot. Beech.—Has. Around St. Barbara, Upper California. Oxzs.—A smaller flowered, more slender species than the preceding, with a smaller and not viseid involucrum, the leaves more whitely tomentose.—In neither of these species haveewe observed: any palew on the receptacle, as de- scribed by Decandolle, and, in consequence, they..were rehotrag to Aster by Hooker and Arnott. ASTER. (Linn.) Aster * Andinus, root-stock slender and creeping; stems several, decumbent, above pubescent, mostly one-flowered; leaves entire, smooth, radical spathu- late, sublanceolate, cauline sublinear, acute, usually wider at the base and am- plexicaule; scales of the involucrum linear, nearly smooth and mostly acute, AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 291 ciliate; rays numerous, rather long, three-toothed ; achenium nearly smooth.— Has. On the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains, near the line of per- petual snow, in 42°. About ten thousand feet above the level of the sea. Near the summit of Thornberg’s Ridge, where we made an ineffectual attempt to cross the Northern Andes, in August, still deeply buried in snow. . Allied ap- parently to the A. repens of Humboldt and Bonpland. Root perennial, creeping, wiry and slender, sending up small clusters of de- cumbent stems, three or four inches high, each mostly terminating in a single capitulum, about half the ordinary size of that of A. alpinus. Radical leaves very smooth, and somewhat coriaceous, rarely with two slight denticulations, stem leaves three or four, lanceolate-linear, amplexicaule and acute, usually somewhat ciliate. Capitulum hemispherical, involucrum of two series of nar- row linear acute, herbaceous sepals, strongly pubescent on the margin, rather shorter than the disk. Rays feminine, about forty, narrow linear, mostly three-toothed, purplish-blue. Pappus scarcely scabrous, purplish; the hairs slender.—F lowering in August. In one specimen the leaves are longer, sub- lanceolate, slightly serrulate, and the sepals more acute. Aster *glacialis, stem erect, one-flowered, pubescent above, rather naked; leaves entire, smooth, somewhat three-nerved, the primary ones spathulate- oblong, the rest lanceolate, acute, scabrous on the margin, cauline small, very acute, amplexicaule; involucrum of nearly a simple series of linear, acuminate, glandularly pubescent, brownish sepals; rays rose-purple, three-toothed; pap- pus barbellate; achenium pubescent.—Has. With the preceding, which it much resembles.—Root perennial, not creeping, the stock rather thick and undivided. Leaves wholly smooth, except the scabrous margin, after the first spathulate ones, acute, attenuated below; stem often as naked as a scape. The calix quite viscid; the sepals much acuminated, of an uniform brown and herbaceous colour, about the length of the disk. Rays oblong, broader and shorter than in the preceding, about forty, somewhere about equal with the disk. Pappus paler, much shorter than in the preceding, and distinctly bar- bellated. Aster *integrifolius, stem pubescent, simple, erect, and with the involuerum glutinous above; leaves entire, radical lanceolate, long petiolate, all acute; cau- line oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, pubescent on the margin, dilated and amplex- 292 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES icaule at the base; capituli large, subcorymbose, about three to five, on short and nearly naked peduncles; involucrum loosely imbricated, sepals nearly equal, linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat spreading; achenium rather villous.— An alpine species growing with the above, but at a lower elevation. Root creeping; stem robust, about a foot high; terminating in a short raceme, or small corymb, glutinous pubescent above, as well as the sepals, which are leafy. Lower leaves spathulate-lanceolate; those on the stem few and rather remote, the lowest nearly half a foot long, the uppermost scarcely an inch, and cordate-lanceolate, amplexicaule; one or two small leaves on the peduncle, which is scarcely an inch long; leaves of the involucrum about equal with the disk, about two series. Rays bluish-purple, as long as the disk, fifteen to twenty-five, the terminal capitulum much larger. Pappus brownish, scabrous, rather long and abundant.—F lowering in August. Evidently allied to Pursh’s A, peregrinus, but the stem is pubescent below and viscid above, and the leaves amplexicaule. Aster * pauciflorus. Involucrum hemispherical, sepals very viscid, acumi- nate, nearly equal, about two series, foliaceous, and somewhat spreading ; rays few, pale purple. A genuine alpigenous Aster, no Tripolium. Allied to the preceding, but a small, slender plant. Tripolium pauciflorum, (NEEs.) —In the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Aster * denudatus, stem erect, at length almost scapiform, pubescent above; radical leaves lanceolate or spathulate, rarely subdenticulate, smooth and cori- aceous, scabrous on the margin, ciliate at base; stem leaves very small, linear- lanceolate, amplexicaule; branchlets usually one-flowered, fastigiate, forming a wide corymb; involucrum short, imbricate, outer sepals foliaceous, oblong, obtuse, the inner somewhat acute; achenium nearly smooth, acute at base.— Has. In arid and dry grassy plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Lewis’ River, about latitude 42°, not uncommon. Root creeping. Stem twelve to sixteen inches high, clothed more or less to the base with small leaves; branches of the corymb elongated, leafy, mostly one-flowered, margins of the leaves very rough, ciliate with minute hooked bristles; radical leaves mostly lanceolate, on the suckers spathulate and obtuse. Capituli about the size of those of Erige- ron alpinum. Involucrum shorter than the disk. Rays rose-purple, thirty to forty. Pappus bright brown, scabrous. Achenium compressed, a little pubescent, almost stipitate at the base! AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 293° GB. * cihatifolius, leaves distinctly ciliated, stem not denuded and scapiform, leaves more proportionate, upper part of the stem pubescent; sepals of the in- volucrum similar, brownish, ciliate and subacute. Has. With the above; probably a distinct species, but my specimens are not satisfactory. Aster ramulosus. Linp. in Hooker, Flor. Bor. Am. IL, p. 13. Common in the Rocky Mountain region, along the plains of Lewis’ River. Flowers pale purple. Radical leaves lanceolate, entire, attenuated into long petioles. It bears not the most distant affinity with A. dennis, (A. incanus, Pu.,) which, in fact, resembles Amellus more than Aster, and constitutes a distinct genus. Aster * campestris, somewhat minutely and viscidly pubescent, leaves linear- oblong, subacute, entire and amplexicaule, obscurely three-nerved, radical, lanceolate serrulate; capituli in narrow racemose panicles, the branches mostly one-flowered ; involucrum spreading, viscid, the sepals linear and very acute. Has. With the above, which it closely resembles, but differs in being every where somewhat pubescent and viscid, with a strong scent, and particularly in the distinctly veined, serrulate radical leaves, and the obtuse, instead of the attenuated extremities of the stem leaves, Stem about a foot high. Achenia nearly smooth; pappus brownish, scabrous. Aster * bracteolatus, stem pulverulently pubescent, leaves linear or oblong- linear, acute and sessile, entire, radical... .; flowers racemosely paniculate, branches leafy, mostly one-flowered ; involucrum smooth and leafy, spreading; sepals oblong, somewhat acute, the lower series similar with the branch leaves. Has. With the above, to which it is nearly allied, but remarkable by the smooth leaf-like invo- lucrum. The radical leaves are unknown; flowers lilac-purple, rather large. Stem and branches * much more leafy than in the two preceding; the leaves nearly all similar.—July. Aster Douglas. Common in inundated tracts, and along the low banks of the Columbia and Wahlamet. Scarcely distinct from some of the varieties of A. Novt-Belgit, or A. luxurians, though in a large collection, that of the Schwei- nitzian Herbarium, I find nothing exactly similar.—F lowering in August and September. Aster * usperrimus, minutely hairy and very rough; stem elongated, subde- cumbent, terminating in a few-flowered corymb; leaves entire, nearly similar, oblong, obtuse, amplexicaule, lower ones spathulate; branches long and leafy, the lateral one-flowered; the capituli large; involucrum loosely imbricate, squarrose ; rays elongated; achenium pubescent. Vil.—3 ¥ 294 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES ‘Has. In Georgia, (Dr. Baldwin and Leconte,) near Chapel-Hill, North Carolina, (Schweinitz.) —A remarkably distinct species, diffusely subdecumbent, with slender wiry stems and branchlets, terminating in one or a few (three to five) large capituli, very similar to those of 4. surculosus, near which it ought to range. Exceedingly rough, (particularly when dry,) with minute, tubercu- late, hooked bristles. Rays large, and of a purplish-blue. ‘The inner leaves of the involucrum somewhat viscid at the tips. Aster * amethystinus, pubescent; stem usually erect, villous, racemosely pani- culate, many-flowered, branchlets subfastigiate; leaves entire, lanceolate-linear, acute, auricularly dilated and amplexicaule at base; involucrum loose, or squar- rose, the sepals acute or acuminate; achenium villous; rays numerous, azure. Has. In Massachusetts, near Cambridge and Salem; rare. A well marked and ornamental spe- cies, somewhat allied to 4. graveolens, intimately to 4. Nove-Angliz, but from which it is en- tirely distinct, the flowers not half the size, pale blue, very numerous, and disposed in a panicle, &c. Aster graveolens, suffruticose, divaricately branched, minutely and viscidly pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, amplexicaule, entire, very acute, radical ones narrowed at the base; branches usually one-flowered, fastigiate; involu- crum squarrose, loose, leafy; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate; achenium smooth, ten-ribbed. Has. On shelving rocks, near the banks of the Arkansa; also on the banks of Kentucky River, near Lexington, (Dr. Short.) On comparing the plants anew, I find the present and following from Missouri, distinct species. Aster oblongtfolius, herbaceous, stem, and linear-oblong, obtuse leaves mi- nutely scabrous, amplexicaule; stem divaricate, flowers fastigiate ; involucrum foliaceous, loose; sepals linear-oblong, acute. Has, Banks of the Missouri, in arid, argillaceous and denudated places. Not viscid or strong- scented, as in the preceding, to which, at the same time, it is much allied. — Aster *Sayianus, stem simple, terminating in a leafy corymb, above, and branchlets with the involucrum glandularly pubescent; leaves crowded, lanceo- late, acuminate, distantly serrulate, amplexicaule, and scabrous on the margin, those of the branchlets ovate, entire; sepals of the involucrum spreading, nearly equal, acuminate; capitulum hemispherical, the rays blue; achenium smooth, ten-striate. Has. In the forests of the Rocky Mountains and the Oregon plains. Nearly allied to 4. mo- destus, and proximately to 2. Nove-4Angliz. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 295 Oss.—About a foot high; stem below minutely pubescent. Leaves about three inches long, less than an inch wide, scabrous towards the margin, elsewhere nearly smooth and rather shining. The corymb composed of fastigiate, mostly one-flowered, (sometimes two or three,) leafy branch- lets; occasionally, from luxuriance, the branchlets are more compound, producing a rather irregular corymb; the points of the leaves long, and very acute; sepals about two series, nearly equal, her- baceous and viscid. Rays styliferous, rather numerous and narrow, pale blue. Pappus whitish, moderate, scarcely scabrous. Achenium almost perfectly smooth, compressed, ten-striate. This species has much the habit of a Galatella. Aster * ciliatus, branches one-flowered, fastigiate ; leaves entire, linear-oblong, acute, above lanceolate, very scabrous and ciliated on the margin, above nearly smooth, beneath minutely hairy and hirsute; involucrum foliaceous; leaflets lanceolate, very acute, margined with long cili#; achenium smooth. Has. In Louisiana, v. s., in Mr. Durand’s herbarium, of Philadelphia. Closely allied to 4. montanus, with the same achenium, but the upper leaves lanceolate, and the pubescence at vari- ance with the section to which it belongs. TRIPOLIUM. (Nees.) With the flower of Aster, but the involucrum érect, of two unequal series of oblong or ovate, obtuse, short sepals. Achenium compressed, margined, nearly smooth, without strie, with a minute basal circle of bristles. Flow- ers corymbose. Oxss.—To this genus, properly restricted, nothing yet be- longs but the T. vulgare. (Aster Tripolium, Liv.) Subgenus (or, perhaps, more properly a section of Aster.) *AsTROPOLIUM. With the flower of Aster. Sepals of the involucrum mostly subulate, or acute, imbricated loosely in several unequal series, more or less herbaceous. Pappus slender, scarcely scabrous. Achenium nearly smooth, compressed, four or five striate——Smooth, divaricately branching herbs, mostly with entire, narrow, or subulate, somewhat fleshy leaves. Growing commonly in saline soils or alluvial grounds. Tripohum flexuosum, sepals lanceolate, subulate, very acute, scariose, erect; stem low and flexuous, stem leaves subulate. Has. Along the sea coast, New Jersey, &c. 296 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Tripolium * Oregonum, stem rather tall, flexuous, and divaricately branched ; cauline leaves long, linear, sublanceolate, nearly equal, acute, entire, scabrous on the margin; sepals linear-lanceolate, imbricate, slightly acute, herbaceous; rays narrow. Has. On the inundated banks of the Wahlamet; flowers very inconspicuous, somewhat fas- tigiate. Tripolium *divaricatum, stem rather naked, slenderly and divaricately branched; radical leaves spathulate, or lanceolate, subdenticulate; stem leaves above, very short and subulate, clasping; sepals subulate, acuminate, scariose, imbricate, and somewhat equal; achenium smooth, with four strie. Has. Inundated banks of the Mississippi, and in Louisiana, not uncommon. Very smooth, the radical leaves thick, flowers rather conspicuous, rays blue. Remarkable for its divaricate and naked branches. A plant very similar occurs on the coast of Cuba. Tripolium * occidentale, stem nearly simple, few-flowered, flowers large and corymbose; leaves all linear, subulate amplexicaule, here and there incisely serrate; involucrum loosely imbricate; sepals subulate, subherbaceous, nearly equal; rays as long as the disk, (pale blue;) achenium nearly smooth, scarcely striate, compressed. Has. By the margins of muddy ponds in the Rocky Mountains, seven thousand feet above the level of the sea. Root creeping, slender; stem slender, four inches to a foot high, often only one or two-flowered, seldom more than five or six. Leaves long and narrow, linear, entire, or with one or two pair of deep, incise serratures, almost approacing to a pinnatifid division; branchlets slender, one-flowered. ‘The flower as large as a daisy, with a simple series of pale blue, or pink rays. An alpine species, approaching the true Tripolium in the fruit being almost destitute of striation. Tripolium * frondosum, stem much branched, leaves linear, entire, amplexi- caule, rather obtuse; capituli fastigiate; sepals linear-oblong, loose and leafy, rather obtuse; rays numerous, very small and slender; achenium nearly smooth, about four-striate. Has. By muddy ponds in the Rocky Mountains, near Lewis’ River of the Shoshonee; rare. Growing partly in the water and mud. Apparently biennial, succulent, with very inconspicuous flowers, and an entirely leafy, nearly equal involucrum of about two series of leaflets. Tripohum subulatum. Allied to the preceding by its numerous small rays. Achenium slightly pubescent, compressed, with five strie. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 297 Tripolium conspicuum, also comes in this section; remarkable for the great inequality of the sepals, which are coloured at the tips. Achenium scarcely compressed, pubescent, very slenderly five-striate. Tripolhum *imbricatum; like the preceding, but with the long, linear, am- plexicaule leaves distantly serrulate; branches somewhat corymbose; involu- crum turbinate, closely imbricated in four series of acute, oblong sepals, pale below, and coloured or herbaceous at the tips; rays narrow and short. Ache- nium subcylindric, five-striate. Has. In Chili, near Valparaiso, (Dr. Styles.) Allied to the preceding, but with a very differ- ent involucrum and much larger capitulum. * XYLORHIZA. . Capitulum radiate, rays feminine, fertile, the liguli in one series, rather large, toothed at the point; florets of the disk five-toothed, hermaphrodite, fertile. Apex of the stigma conic-lanceolate, narrowed. Involucrum widely hemi- spherical, sepals nearly equal, herbaceous, imbricated loosely in two series, acuminated, the inner ones with membranaceous margins. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Achenia subterete, silky, not marginated. Pappus of several se- ries, unequal, scabrous.—Herbaceous subalpine plants, with woody roots, sending out numerous dwarf, simple stems, terminating in one, or a small corymb of large flowers. Leaves linear, entire; disk yellow. Ligule rose- coloured, or pale purple.—( So called from £vA0r, wood, and pifov, a root. The root only being woody.) Oss.—Allied to Calimeris, which it represents, differing somewhat in habit, and wholly in the fruit. From Aplopappus it differs in its heterochromous flowers, and more slender, not paleaceous pappus, as well as in habit. Aylorhiza * glabriuscula; base of the stem and primary leaves only pubes- cent; leaves oblong-linear, or lanceolate-linear, acute, coriaceous; peduncles solitary or corymbose, three to five; sepals lanceolate, much acuminated. Has. In arid, argillaceous tracts in the Rocky Mountains, and on rocks toward the sources of the Platte. Flowers large, the rays pale rose-colour. Root thick and stout, woody, sending up clusters of low, simple stems, terminating in one to five flowers; leaves about two inches long, two VIL.—3 Z 298 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES lines wide; rays oblong, slightly three-toothed; peduncles short and naked. Stem about a span high. Pappus bright brown, barbellated. Xylorhiza * villosa, softly villous; leaves oblong-linear or sublanceolate, mu- cronulate; stem mostly one-flowered ; sepals of the involucrum lanceolate, very acute, nearly all equal; flowers large. Has. With the above, but less abundant. Very similar to the preceding; root equally large and woody. Flower as large as that of the garden marygold. Rays wide, and longer much than the disk, pale red. Involucrum pubescent, nearly equal. A showy plant, well deserving of cultiva- tion. Achenia very silky, as in the preceding. * EUCEPHALUS. Capitulum radiate, styliferous rays, fertile; liguli of one series (seven to fifteen ;) hermaphrodite florets of the disk fertile. Stigma slender, filiform, acumi- nate, nearly smooth. Involucrum ovate, imbricate, of three or four series of nearly similar ovate, carinated scales. Receptacle flat, alveolate, fimbrillate. Achenia angular, pubescent (or smooth in C. alba.) Pappus about two se- ries, scabrous, simple and clavellate-—Herbaceous perennials with nearly simple stems, the summit, or the fastigiate branches, corymbose. Leaves entire, the radical rarely serrulate. Disk yellow. Liguli pale purple or white.—Plants with the habit of Ga/latella, and the pappus of Sericocarpus. (The name alludes to the elegant appearance of the calyx.) + Achenia pubescent, flovers purplish. - Eucephalus * elegans; minutely scabrous; stem attenuated; leaves all entire, linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute, the lower three-nerved; flowers in a short, un- equal, contracted corymb; sepals purplish, ovate, acute, one-nerved, pubescent on the margin; rays purplish, about six or seven. Has. Oregon plains and the Blue Mountains of the west. Flowering from September to Octo- ber.—A very elegant species, with a stout ligneous root, sending up a cluster of simple stems, two to three feet high, thickly clad with erect leaves, becoming smaller towards the summit, one to two inches long, by a quarter to half an inch wide, scabrous towards the margin; branchlets about an inch long, one-flowered; capituli eight to twelve in number. Involucrum of four series of very elegant, purplish, ovate, acute, appressed, carinated scales, conspicuously pubescent along the margin. Rays three-toothed, about six to seven, rather narrow and distant, pale purple; tubular AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 299 florets fifteen to twenty. Pappus exserted beyond the involucrum, as long as the florets, of two kinds, one bristly, the other clavellate, or wider towards the extremity. Receptacle alveolate, alveole with elevated, lacerated margins, much more distinctly so than in any Sericocarpus. Tt t Achenia smooth, flowers white. Eucephatus albus, leaves lanceolate linear, scabrous on the margin, remote, en- tire, radical ones denticulate, lanceolate; corymb few-flowered; rays fourteen to fifteen, white——Chrysopsis alba, Nutr. Gen. Am., Vol. IL, p. 152. Heke- astrum album, Decanp., Vol. V., p. 264. Certainly not a congener with H. paludosum, which (notwithstanding the variation of pappus) is a true Aster. Involucrum of three series of greenish carinated scales. + t t * Lacatrea.—Inner scales of the involucrum longer; pappus scarcely clavellate. Eucephalus glaucus; smooth and glaucous; leaves linear-oblong, acute, sub- amplexicaule, entire; stem branching above; flowers racemose, corymbose ; scales of the involucrum oblong-ovate, obtuse. Has. Towards the sources of the Platte, and in the Rocky Mountains. Rays purplish, nar- row, about fourteen. Pappus slender, nearly or wholly equal; tubular florets, about fifteen to twenty. Flowers fastigiate, but sometimes racemose on the branchlets. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high. Leaves two to three inches long, smooth and somewhat coriaceous, reticulately veined, a little scabrous on the margin, less than half an inch wide. Scales of the involucrum about three series, the innermost longer, thin and acute. Eucephalus *ericoides; a small alpine, cespitose plant, canescently hirsute and glandular, with appressed short hairs; leaves subulate, minute, channelled, ci- liate and acute, almost imbricately approximate, erect; branching from the base, branches one-flowered ; rays white, about fifteen ; achenia smooth. Has. Towards the summit of the Rocky Mountains. Collected by Dr. James. Inula? eri- coides, Torrey, Lyceum Nat. Hist., N. York, 1. c. Chrysopsis ericoides, Earon’s Manual; |. c. About four or five inches high, with leaves about the size of those of Juniperus virginiana, and nearly as much imbricated as the younger leaves of that tree, about a line long and half a line wide, white, with appressed hairs, nearly smooth on the upper side and pointed with a bristle, the lower ones strongly ciliate. Involucrum ovate, campanulate, imbricated in t jual series of appressed, lanceolate, acute scales, membranous on the margin. Rays apparently white, or purplish, with exserted, filiform, smooth stigmas. Stigma in the discal florets pubescent. Pappus of rather few, searcely scabrous, slender white rays. No double pappus. 300 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES *DIETERIA. Flower radiate, rays styliferous, fertile? liguli one or two series, broadish, those of the disk hermaphrodite, fertile. Stigma filiform, hirsute and exserted. Sepals of the involucrum, for the most part, closely imbricated in two to four series, Scariose and carinate, the tips usually reflected and herbaceous. Re- ceptacle flat or convex, alveolate, the alveole deep, with toothed and lace- rated margins. Achenium obovate, subcylindric, ten to fifteen striate, pubes- cent. Pappus of several series, scabrous and unequal, that of the ray shorter and less copious.—Annual or biennial, (in one anomalous species perennial, ) divaricately branching herbs, more or less pubescent; leaves nearly entire, incisely serrate or pinnatifid, the points often pungently mucronulate. Flow- ers fastigiate. The disk yellow. Liguli red or purple—Allied to Aster, but with the involucrum regular; the achenia convex, distinctly striate when ripe; the receptacle deeply alveolate; the pappus of the ray different from that of the disk; the leaves incise or pinnatifid, and the duration only to the first period of flowering. They are also allied to the first section of Heterotheca by the deficient pappus of the ray, but that of the disk is simple, and the rays are purple. The whole plant bitter to the taste.—(So called from their biennial duration. ) + Involucrum subovate, of three or four series of scales. Dieteria canescens; leaves entire, linear, sessile, radical spathulate; stem low and much branched, canescently villous, as well as the involucrum; flowers fastigiate ; rays about eighteen to twenty; pappus very slender. Has. On the denuded banks of the Missouri. Aster canescens, Pursu, Bor. Am., Vol. II., p. 547. _ Not in the least allied to Aster multifiorus. A. biennis, Nutt. Gen. Am., Vol. IL., p- 155. I doubt if the leaves are always entire, a fact so contrary to all the rest of the genus to which it is, in all other respects, so intimately allied. Dieteria * pulverulenta; minutely pubescent, leaves linear sessile, below here and there incisely serrulate, above entire; stem divaricate; flowers fastigiate, upon rather naked branchlets; involucrum almost hemispherical; rays eight to twelve. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 301 Has, Arid plains towards the sources of the Platte. | Rays short, pale purple, obscurely toothed, almost entire. Nearly allied to the preceding. Scales of the involucrum about three series, acute. Dieteria * divaricata; pulverulently pubescent, radical leaves spathulate or lanceolate, repandly and incisely serrate, above smaller, linear, sessile and nearly entire; stem divaricate, branchlets subracemose, or one or two flowered, fastigiate; sepals about four series, reflected ; rays twelve to sixteen, about as long as the disk. Has. Denudated plains of the Rocky Mountains, and Oregon, common. Rays short, palé blue or purple. Pappus fulvous or white, (the white shorter and less copious, perhaps the mark of a different species ;) branches rather naked, with small leaves spreading out into a compound corymb. About a foot high. Dieteria * viscosa; pulverulently pubescent, and more or less glandular and _ viscid ; leaves all linear or lanceolate-linear, pinnatifidly or incisely serrate, acu- minate, uppermost entire, sessile; stems simple, racemosely and corymbosely branched; scales of the involucrum acute, reflected at the tips, imbricated closely and equally in about five series; rays eighteen to twenty, about as long as the disk. Has. With the above, particularly near Scott’s Bluff, on the Platte. Rays longer than in the preceding, purple. Stem simple, attenuated, often very viscid, and exhaling the strong, heavy scent of Aster graveolens or Gnaphalium Americanum. Scales of the involucrum very numerous, lanceolate, acute. Leaves sometimes nearly pinnatifid or runcinate. Pappus fulvous, that of the discal florets about thirty-five to forty unequal rays, that of the radial female florets much shorter. of about twenty-four rays. : Dieteria * sessiflora; viscidly pubescent; stem simple, flowers sessile, in ax- illary and terminal clusters; leaves linear or sublanceolate, incise or subpinna- tifid, acutely acuminate, sessile; sepals in about four series; rays ochroleucous, twelve to fifteen, about the length of the disk. Has. With the above. About a foot high, stem mostly unbranched, seales of the involucrum very glutinous. © Nearly allied to 2plopappus spinulosus, (Decanv.) to which I applied the name of Sideranthus in Fraser’s catalogue; that plant is, however, perennial. Closely allied to the pre- ceding species, but differing much in the pale yellow rays; the pappus of the rays is, also, nearly equal with that of the discal florets. Flowers smaller than in any of the preceding. + t Root perennial. Flowers wholly yellow. (SteRantuvs.) Dieteria spinulosa. Aplopappus spinulosus. Decanp. Vol. V., p. 347. This spe- vil.—4 A 302 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES cies, though with yellow flowers, ought to find place in this genus, rather than the polymorphous one of Aplopappus, to which it is not allied. Subgenus.—Pappocnroma. Annual or biennial. Capitulum hemispherical. Receptacle nearly naked. Involucrum loosely imbricated, of about three series of nearly equal, narrow sepals, spreading towards the points. Pappus of the disk and ray equal. Achenium obovate, villous, with fifteen strie. Rays purple, longer than the wide disk. Leaves pinnatifid and bipinnatifid. Dieteria * coronopifolia; pubescent and viscid, branching from the base, branches fastigiate one-flowered; lower leaves bipinnatifid, the upper pinna- tifid. Chrysopsis coronopifolia, Nutt., in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 34. | Has. From the Platte to the sources of the Missouri, and throughout the Rocky Mountain tract, in arid, denudated places, by streams. Flowering from July to August. A very showy and orna- mental plant, with hemispherical heads nearly as large as the garden marigold. Sepals linear- lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equal, scarious and cartilaginous towards the base. Rays eighteen to twenty, wide and long, of a fine red purple. Achenia turgid, rather large; stem about a foot high, somewhat spreading. SERICOCARPUS. (Nees.) Ozs.—Pappus unequal, scabrous, the longer rays clavellate. Liguli shert and few. Sericocarpus rigidus. (3. * levicaulis, leaves cuneate-oblong, or spathulate ; rays shorter than the pappus. Has. Round Fort Vancouver, common. Leaves usually obtuse. Sericocarpus * Oregonensis; leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire, and, as well as the involucrum, glandular beneath, above scabrous; stem smooth, corymb com- pound; inner scales of the involucrum acute; rays longer than the pappus. Has. With the above, which it much resembles, but appears taller and stouter. Stem attenu- ated. Pappus distinctly scabrous, the inner row obviously clavellate, less distinctly so in 9. rigi- dus. The discal florets are also exserted beyond the pappus. Stigmas filiform, acute, nearly smooth, glandular. In both these species the pappus is unusually long and silky white. Sericocarpus Collinsii. With the whole aspect and pubescence of S. torti- folius, but the leaves cuneate and serrate at the summit. Scales of the invo- lucrum fewer. Aster Collinsii, Nurr. East Florida. (Mr. Ware.) AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 303 Ozs.—AsTER gracilis is a true Aster, nearly allied, indeed, to A. surculo- sus and A. spectabilis. The receptacle is naked, the achenium nearly smooth, with five strie, scarcely, however, compressed; the pappus, pale brown, is sca- brous, but not thickened. The floral rays are long and blue; the involucrum at length somewhat squarrose. HELEASTRUM, (notwithstanding the slight difference of pappus,) ought, I think, to be reunited with Aster. The achenium is quite similar to that of Aster gracilis, to which section, and A. surculosus, it evidently belongs. Biotia. We have but two well marked species. Of B. corymbosa I have seen two varieties, which insensibly lose themselves in each other, on an ex- tensive comparison, in nature as well as in the herbarium. The B. commixta is the corymbosa, when grown in dry or rocky situations; in moist grounds the heart-shaped leaves are best developed. The lowest leaves in B. commizta are also cordate. The B. glomerata appears to be a species, though it approaches B. commiézta. In the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia it is marked by Mr. Schweinitz under the name of Aster thyrsoideus, and was ob- tained near Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania. It is distinguished by the shortness of the rays and the brevity of the pappus. GALATELLA. (Cassini.) § *CatanTHus.—Liguli in one series, styliferous, elongated; discal’ florets tubular, five-toothed, hermaphrodite. Receptacle naked, flat, and punc- tate. Involucrum short, imbricated, sepals unequal, herbaceous, narrow and acute, in about three series. Stigmas exserted, clavate, pubescent, in the ray filiform. Achenium obovate, subcylindric, smooth and glandular, with seven to eight strong strie, or ribs; pappus copious, slightly scabrous.— Perennial plants of wet marshes, more or less scabrous; leaves entire, lanceo- late, crowded, glandular punctate; corymb of few flowers, the branchlets almost naked, like peduncles and squamose, the scales gradually passing into those which compose the very regular involucrum. Rays lilac or reddish.— Nearly allied, in habit to Diplopappus linariefolius, less so to Aster, from 304 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES which the achenium differs; also to Calotheca, but wholly different in the involucrum and pappus. Of the true Galatella we have no species. In our section the flowers are larger, fewer, and scarcely corymbose. Galatella nemoralis, Nees. Ast. 173. Decanp. Prod., Vol. V., p. 257.8. rubella, smoother, with narrower leaves, a pink red flower, and a white pappus. Has. In sphagnose swamps, from New England-to Canada. 3. Quaker Bridge, New Jersey. _ Flowering in September. Galatella graminifolia. Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. II., p. 15. Aster gra- minifolius, Pursu, Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL, p. 545. I have not had an op- portunity of examining this plant, but, from its near affinity to the preceding, believe it to belong to the present section. DIPLOPAPPUS. _ Diplopappus alpinus; cespitose and low; stems simple, one-flowered, villous, many from the same root; leaves sessile, erect, crowded, entire, oblong, apicu- late, scabrous, with a cartilaginous margin; upper part of the stem terminating in a naked peduncle; involucrum villous; scales very acute; rays numerous, longer than the disk. Chrysopsis alpina, Nurr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 34. Has. In dry prairies along the borders of Flat-Head River, in the Rocky Mountains. Flower- ing in June. A very elegant and distinct alpine species, still proximately allied to D. linarizfo- lius, of which it has'the purple flower. Stems three to four inches high. Flowers large. Leaves oblong and linear-oblong, smooth, but very scabrous, rigid. Involucrum rather short and loose, of about three series of linear-lanceolate, appressed scales, membranaceous on the margin. Pappus scabrous, copious, the external crown white. Achenia silky villous, TOWNSENDIA. (Hooker.) Townsendia sericea; cespitose; leaves narrow linear, acute, scarcely half a line wide, canescently sericeous; capituli sessile on the caudex; scales of the involucrum numerous, very narrow and acuminate. —Achenium as in the rest of the genus, obovate, margined, and flatly compressed, sericeous, with a nu- merous connate series of white, silky pappus, almost plumosely barbellate, and remarkably attenuated above. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 305 Has. On the Black Hills, (an alpine chain toward the sources of the Platte. ) Flowering pro- bably in April. By the achenium, this genus makes some approach to Calimeris, though totally unlike in habit. Tonnsendia * incana; whitely canescent; many-stemmed, cespitose; leaves linear-spathulate, somewhat acute, scales of the involucrum lanceolate, ciliate ; pappus of the rays short. Has. With the above. * Flowering in June. Stem very short, depressed and dichotomous. Flowers sessile. Rays pale lilac. Florets numerous. Pappus of about twenty-four almost plu- mose rays, connected together in a ring, broad below, and attenuated gradually above. Rays about twelve; three-toothed, with a short, nearly equal, barbellate pappus, similar to that of the herma- phrodite florets, except its shorter length. Stigmas of the rays slender, filiform, smooth, of the tubular slightly five-toothed discal florets included, lanceolate, a little hirsute, (as in Aster. od Ache- nium flat and iets thinly clothed with glandular hairs. Subgenus. —* UROPHORUS. Pappus of the rays and disk equal, acuminate, and plumosely barbellate, connected into a ring above the base, deciduous.—Perhaps a genus ? Townsendia * spathulata; cespitose, many-stemmed, canescently and softly tomentose ; leaves spathulate obtuse; scales of the involucrum lanceolate-oblong, fimbriate. Has. With the above. Perennial, like all the preceding, also equally cerapitoge, . with the leaves in dense clusters, forming circular tufts; the flowers, also, equally solitary and sessile. The whole dwarf plant has much the aspect of the one-flowered variety of Gnaphalium supinum; flow- ers very inconspicuous; the capitulum almost imbedded in the clustered leaves. The leaves are broader than in the preceding, the liguli but little longer than the pappus, and scarcely exserted beyond the involucrum. Achenia oblanceolate, margined, slightly pubescent on the disk, and usu- ally naked by the escape of the deciduous pappus, which is not the case in any of the preceding. Though the habit is wholly similar, the present plant probably constitutes an allied genus. By the pappus and achenium this small tribe of AsrzRomwEx seem to approach the Carpuingx. Subgenus.—* Nanopia. With the rays infertile or neuter, flat and exserted, usually three-toothed. Pappus of the infertile ray very short, even; that of the discal florets scarcely deciduous. Receptacle flat, alveolate-punctate, fimbrillate. Achenium com- t In allusion to its dwarf appearance. vil.—4 B ; 306 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES | pressed, flat, oblanceolate, marginate, the disk glandularly pubescent.— Dwarf alpine annuals, with depressed, divaricate stems, branching from the base. Strigosely and canescently pubescent; leaves linear, entire. Flowers sessile, terminal, somewhat corymbose, large for the size of the plant. “Fhivo- lucrum imbricate, scales lanceelate, membranous on the margin, which is lacerately ciliate. Rays longer than the disk, lilac, or rose-purple. Some- times presenting a rudimentary style, but the achenium always imperfect. Townsendia * strigosa; stem depressed, branching from the base; flowers fastigiate, subcorymbose; leaves linear-spathulate, much attenuated below; se- pals lanceolate-ovate. Has. On the Black Hills, (or eastern chain of the Rocky Mountains,) near the banks of the Platte.—Flowering in June. Rather softly strigose, with short, appressed, whitish hairs. From two to four inches high, the branches spreading, dividing usually into a sort of leafy corymb of sessile flowers, from one to five on a forked branch. Capitulum the size of the common daisy, ~ with much the aspect of an Aster, but the sepals all erect, closely imbricated, broadly membranous and lacerate on the margin. Rays twelve to fourteen, rose-red; discal florets pale-yellow. Stigmas acuminate, somewhat pubescent, scarcely at all exserted. Townsendia * grandiflora; stem canescent, divaricately branching from the base, branches one or few-flowered, leaves linear-sublanceolate, very acute, nearly smooth, or minutely pubescent, green; capitulum hemispherical ;. invo- lucrum of three series, the sepals lanceolate, filiformly acuminate, minutely fringed; rays twenty-eight to thirty, or more, bidentate. ‘ Has. With the preceding, which it resembles wholly in ‘habit, but with the flower as large nearly as that of the China Aster, (Callistephus Chinensis.) Branching from the base, and spread- ing out sometimes from’six to ten inches along the ground. Leaves linear, much attenuated below, and very acute, when green rather succulent, and appearing smooth, though somewhat pubescent beneath, (seen through a glass.) Sepals elegantly imbricated, perfectly lancéolate, auch ‘acumi- nated, seariose, except the centre, which is green, the margin minutely lacerate-ciliate. Rays pale lilae, longer than the disk.—A plant which well deserves cultivation, from its large, showy flowers. ERIGERON. (Linn.) §. Pappus mostly single, or with the external, very minute, rays numerous: Erigeron glabellum.—Rocky Mountain plains. Radical leaves sometimes more or less serrate. Pappus rather long and persistent, single, of about twenty- AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 307 four slightly scabrous rays. Capituli sometimes as many as nine. The pe- duncles and upper part of the stem, from the smallness of the leaves, appearing almost naked. More or less puberulous. Erigeron purpureum.—Oregon and Upper California, common. y 8. *attenuatum; stem elongated and slender towards the top, very hairy at base; radical leaves spathulate-lanceolate, dentate; flowers white, the rays 1 not much longer than the disk. Has. In Oregon and Arkansas Territory. Flowers white, and smaller than in EZ. purpureum, the whole plant more hairy. Perhaps a species. Erigeron pumilum. Has. Rocky Mountains of the Platte. Stems one to four-flowered, heads fastigiate.” Pappus single, of about twenty rays. ; Erigeron *beliidiastrum, ©; stem leafy, cory mbosely branched, hirsute ; leaves entire, linear-oblong, sessile, scabrous on the margin, attenuated below, the radical ones slender; involucrum hemispherical, sepals lanceolate acute; rays about the length of the disk. Has. On the borders of the Platte, within the Rocky Mountains. About a foot high, the leaves thickish and rather smooth, one to two inches long, two to four lines wide. Rays pale red, about as numerous as in the common daisy, rather short. Pappus simple, very deciduous, of about ten rays! The natural situation of this species is in the section Olygotrichium, but the pappus is simple ; and hence it appears that the pappus does not define the natural limits either in this or many. other genera of Compositx. Enijeron * cespitosum; ‘cwspitose, hirsute, and almost canescent with short hairs; stems decumbent, many from the same root, mostly one-flowered; leaves linear-sublanceolate, somewhat obtuse, those on the stem sessile, all entire; se- pals lanceolate acute; rays longer than the disk; achenium elongated, smooth. Has. On the summits of dry hills in the Rocky Mountain range, on the Colorado of the West. Flowering in August. Nearly allied to Z. Andicola. Equally hirsute, with close white hairs. Leaves about one and a half to two inches long by two lines wide, those of the root clustered; on the slender low stems few; stems occasionally two-flowered; involucrum short and hirsute. Rays forty to fifty, rather wide, often three-toothed, white or pale rose. Pappus simple, of about —s seabrous, slender bristles. An alpine species, with the flower as large as a daisy. 4 308 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES §. t Rays of the capitulum not very numerous, pappus mostly simple. (AsTEROIDEA. ) Erigeron * filifoium; canescently villous and somewhat hirsute; root woody, sending up many low, erect stems; leaves long and filiform, flowers corym- bose, white; sepals acute, short; floral rays about twenty-five; achenia smooth. Diplopappus filifolius? (Hoox. Flor. Bor., Vol. il. , p. 21,) but the rays are not yellowish. Has. In the Rocky Mountain range, in Oregon. Stems about eight to twelve inches. Leaves two to three inches long, narrow as those of the pine, on the young or infertile branches crowded. _ Rays about the length of the disk, few. Pappus simple, the bristly rays about twenty-five. Al- lied to £. Montevidense, but not shrubby. Erigeron radicatus. Hooxrr, l. c. Has. Blue Mountains, Oregon. A very dwarf, almost cespitose species, with a short hirsute involucrum, and very short, white rays. Pappus simple, of about ten to twelve, very slender, scarcely scabrous bristles. ; Erigeron * nanum; dwarf and hirsute, leaves linear subspathulate, stem one- flowered, nearly naked ; sepals lanceolate, hirsute; rays white, shorter than the disk; achenium pubescent; rays of the pappus barbellate, about fifteen. Has. In the Rocky Mountains. Resembles the preceding, but has hirsute leaves, and a differ- ent achenium and pappus. Erigeron * pedatum; smooth, cespitose; primary leaves simple or trifid, after- wards pedate, unequally five-cleft; petioles elongated, strongly ciliate; scapes numerous, one-flowered ; capitulum small, sepals acuminate, linear, a little hir- sute; rays about the length of the disk; achenium pubescent. Has. On the gravel bars of small streams to the east of Walla-Walla, in Oregon. Nearly allied to E. trifidus, but very glabrous, and somewhat succulent; the flowers, also, numerous, and less than half the size, with the involuerum nearly smooth. Rays pale rose. sericeous; pappus of about twenty very slender, almost entire rays. Achenium somewhat + t Rays rather Sew, pappus double in ray and disk. Erigeron’s corymbosum; minutely pubescent, somewhat canescent; many stems from the same root, erect and low, terminating in a few-flowered corymb; leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile, entire and acute; sepals hispid, acute; rays blue, a little longer than the disk, (shout thirty ;) achenium nearly smooth, and striate. é AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 309 Has. Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon. A very elegant and peculiar species, bearing some affinity with £. speciosum. Covered with a short, dense, pubescence, and with the margins of the leaves scabrous. Stem six to eight inches high. Corymb of three or four capituli. Pap- pus brownish, the exterior of white and slender palex. Erigeron * decumbens; somewhat glabrous below; root creeping; stem leafy, somewhat decumbent, many from the same root; leaves long and linear, acute, scabrous on the edge, attenuated below, the upper ones somewhat pubescent; flowers in a corymb; branchlets one-flowered, slender, and often leafy; sepals acuminate, hirsute; rays white, about fifty, twice as long as the disk; external pappus minute. Has. With the above, of which, at first glance, it appears a variety, but differs im the numerous rays and minute external pappus, as well as general habit. Erigeron * ochroleucum; subcespitose; stem pubescent above; radical leaves linear-sublanceolate, entire, crowded, smooth, those of the stem narrower, short, and sessile; stems one-flowered, scapoid or corymbose, and few flowered, the branchlets long; sepals tomentose, canescent, lanceolate, acute; rays numerous, about the length of the disk, (ochroleucous,) achenium pubescent. Has. Plains of the Oregon. August. Allied to the preceding, but with much larger flowers and rays; remarkable for the clustered root leaves, which, in the scapoid variety, resemble a tuft of pine leaves, ordinarily three to four inches long, by about a line wide, smooth and thick, much like those of an Armeria. Stem about a span, branchlets three to five, one-flowered, forming, in stout plants, an irregular corymb. Rays of the pappus, in both ray and disk, very obviously dou- ble, the external ring white and shining, internal, of about fifteen bristles. Erigeron * foliosum; rather hirsute and somewhat scabrous; stem simple, erect, terete, attenuated, the summit corymbose; leaves oblong-linear, sessile, entire, acute, crowded; sepals lanceolate, pubescent, acute, in about two series, and nearly equal; rays short, red, about thirty, achenia subhirsute. Has. Near St. Barbara, in Upper California. Flowering in May. A very remarkable species; the stem terete, full of leaves, one and a half to two inches long, and about two lines wide, diminishing in size with the attenuation of the stem. Sepals lanceolate. Pappus double, the outer small, the inner of many brownish rays. Stigma exserted, smooth, and nearly equally filiform in the ray; obliquely fruncate and slightly pubescent in the discal florets. The rays narrow, about the length of the involucrum, of a full purple red. This species appears to be considerably allied to Core- throgyne, but it has the achenium of Erigeron, somewhat prismatic, with three or four longitudi- nal brown lines or nerves; but the obtuse stigma appears to be an anomaly in the genus. ‘The as- pect of the plant is much that of an ster. (My specimens are too young to be satisfactory.) vil.—4 ¢ 310 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES + + Leaves dissected. Achenium not striated, rays rather numerous. Pappus double, the sete barbellated. (TripacTY.ia.) Erigeron compositum. (Pursu, Vol. II., p.535.) Pappus double in ray and disk, the outer short, entire, the inner of eighteen to twenty barbellate, decidu- ous rays. Has. Kamas prairie, in the Rocky Mountains. Flowering in June. §. PHanactis, (Stenactis in part.)—Pappus persistent and scabrous, of fif- teen to twenty-four sete, external minute pappus simple; achenium com- pressed, with three to five strie, radial florets very numerous.—Perennial, with entire leaves. Erigeron speciosum, (DEcanp., Vol. V., p. 284.) OBs.—Pappus double both in ray and disk; the exterior short and subulate. Stenactis speciosa, (Lino. Bot. Reg. t. 1577.) Common on the plains of the Oregon. Erigeron macranthum; smooth, lower leaves spathulate-oblong, obtuse, at- tenuated at base; stem leaves elliptic-ovate, or ovate, abruptly apiculate, sca- brous on the margin; peduncles few, one-flowered, corymbose; rays a little longer than the disk; sepals narrow and acuminate, glandular.—Erigeron grandiflorum, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. VIL, p- 31, not of Hooker. Has. Sources of the Missouri and the plains of the Platte. Flowering in August. Allied to the preceding, Rays numerous, blue. About eighteen inches high. Flowers four or five on a stem. Erigeron *uspidum; stem erect, corymbose, above scabrous and hispid ; leaves entire, ciliate and scabrous on the margin, radical spathulate, cauline sessile, acuminate; peduncles elongated, one-flowered; sepals of the involucrum hoary, hispid, very hirsute, much acuminated; rays very numerous. Has. St. Barbara, Upper California, Nearly allied to EB. speciosum, from which, however, it is very distinguishable by its exceedingly hirsute involucrum, and hispid, naked, elongated pedun- cles; the leaves appear, also, broader, and scabrous towards the points. Rays blue, more nume- rous than in speciosum, and not so long. Pappus double in ray and disk; rays twenty to oer four, persistent. Erigeron *maritimum; stem pilose, decumbent, branching from near the base; leaves thick and entire, spathulate-oblong, sessile, obtuse, the lower narrowed at base; branches several, one-flowered, flower large, rays very numerous; in- volucrum lanuginous as well as the margins of the leaves, sepals acuminate. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 3ll Has. On the sea-coast of the Oregon and Upper California. A large, rather succulent leaved plant, sending up several stems about a foot high, with leaves and flowers very similar with those of Erigeron bellidifolius. Stem and uppermost leaves softly hairy, somewhat three-nerved. Flower very large, rays pale red. Achenium angular, with four or five brown stria. Pappus double, rays of the pappus twenty to twenty-four, about the length of the discal florets, and not deciduous. Annual or perennial. Leaves entire or lobed. Pappus double in ray and disk, the inner of eight to fifteen, short, deciduous, somewhat scabrous rays. OLY- GOTRICHIUM; (STENACTIs in part.) Erigeron *divaricatum; © hirsute, stem branching from the base; branchlets one-flowered, rather naked, fastigiate; radical leaves spathulate, the rest linear, sessile, acute, attenuated below, all entire; inner pappus of about eight sete; rays very numerous, narrow, white. Has. In the Rocky Mountains and the plains of Oregon. About one foot high, at length very much branched, the leaves an inch or more long, about a line wide. Pappus double in ray and disk, the inner of remarkably few rays, very deciduous. Erigeron tenue, (Gray.) . quercifolium, Nurr. and Decanp., not of Lam., pappus double in ray and disk, the inner.of about twelve short deciduous bristles. Erigeron strigosum (@. gracile; stem leaves and involucrum pubescent, branches fastigiate. Has. Oregon plains. Erigeron *occidentale, 2 ; hispid with a short pubescence, corymb compound, irregular; lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, subserrulate, upper linear en- tire; sepals lanceolate, acute, scarcely hirsute; rays very numerous, red; inner pappus of about twelve rays; the outer very distinct. Has. In Oregon. A low perennial species, with broadish leaves on the lower part of the stem. Allied to E. strigosum, but scarcely the same, with red flowers and broad leaves. §. TrimorpHz#A. (Decand. Vol. V., p. 290.) Erigeron * nivale; stem subcespitose and hairy at the base, mostly with one capitulum ; radical leaves spathulate, cauline a acuminate, subamplex- icaule; summit of the stem and invol lularly pul t; sepals linear o 312 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES and acuminate, (not hirsute;) pappus longer than the linear, elongated, some- — what pubescent achenium. Has. In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Colorado of the West, on the limits of perpetual snow, (lat. 42°.) Allied to Z. alpinus, but with semiamplexi- eaule leaves, widest at the base. Pappus longer than the involucrum. Rays?.... A few fili- form female florets outside the discal ones. Achenium long and linear, compressed, slightly silky. Erigeron *racemosum; lower leaves spathulate, smooth ; petioles ciliate; se- veral stems from one root, simple, racemose, peduncles or one-flowered branch- lets usually elongated; cauline leaves somewhat hirsute, sessile, long and linear, subacute; sepals few, hirsute acute; rays very numerous, scarcely exserted be- yond the pappus, (tubular styliferous florets none;) pappus more than twice the length of the linear pubescent achenium. £8. *angustifolium; radical leaves linear-spathulate, peduncles contracted. LE. glabratus, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL, p. 18, not of Decandolle, (as a variety of E. alpinus.) Allied to the E. elongatum of Ledebour. §. Canotus. (Nutt.) Erigeron canadense, Linn. Has. In Oregon common; also in the Sandwich Islands at Ouan, or a variety of it. * ASTRANTHIUM. Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous; rays about one series, ligulate, neu- ter, or sterile. Discal florets tubular, hermaphrodite, five-toothed. Recep- tacle conic, alveolate. Involucrum hemispherical, the sepals lanceolate and very acute, membranaceous on the margins, imbricated in two to three series, and nearly equal. Achenia obovate, compressed, narrowed at _the apex, somewhat scabrous, without any prominent margin, and desti- tute of pappus.—Divaricately branching annual plants; leaves alternate spathulate, or linear, entire. Rays numerous, pale red. Flowers terminal, fastigiate. Astranthium integrifolium. © Bellis integrifolia, (Micu. Flor. Am., Vol. II., p. 131. In Tennessee and Arkansa. This genus appears to be much more allied, by the fruit, to Echpta than to Bellis. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. , * 318 Division I1].—CurysocomEe*. Receptacle naked. Capitulum wholly yellow, with or without rays, rays neu- ter or feminine. Pappus paleaceous or pilose, rarely wanting ; similar or dissimilar in the ray and disk. In the section Chysopsidet ‘Ws the | ex: terior short and chaffy. ese" , ¥ ‘i “) * BRACHYRIS. — Bracuyris Euthamie. Has. In the Rocky Mountains, towards the upper branches of the Platte. Suffruticose. Brachyris * divaricata; suffruticose, glutinous, corymbosely and divaricately branched; leaves narrow linear, acute; flowers nearly all pedunculate; involu- crum turbinate, the scales ovate, rays about six, discal florets about seven or eight, pappus of the ray somewhat shorter, the rest elongated. 7 Has. With the above, in the Rocky Mountains, to which it is nearly allied, but with larger and seldom sessile flowers. Very resinous and heavy-scented. *AMPHIACHYRIS. (Decanp. Vol. V., p. 313, as a section of BRAcHYRIS.) Character nearly that of Bracuyris, but with the involucrum obovate and bracteolate, scales few and obtuse, not herbaceous at the points. Recepta- cle deeply alveolate. “Rays feminine, eight to ten, oval. Discal herma- phrodite florets twenty-five to thirty, small. Pappus of the discal florets united at base, dividing into about six entire sete. Radial florets, with a very minute crown of scarcely visible sete.—A very distinct genus, allied to Hemiachyrts, but wholly different in the pappus, which scarcely differs from that of Grindelia, but it is united at base, and quite persistent. Amphiachyris dracunculoides. (Dxcanv., under Brachyris, Vol. V., p. 313.) I collected this plant in 1818, on the margins of - near Salt River of Ar- kansas. Flowerimg in September. 4 vil.—4 D 814 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES GRINDELIA. (Willd.) - Coaetins us * robusta; herbaceous, smooth ; leaves iene obtuse, am- Aeseanle, coarsely serrate, scabrous on the margin, the upper ones acute, nearly entire; capituli corymbose, involucrum squarrose and leafy at base; re- ceptaculum paleaceous near the margin, pappus of two sete. Has. St. Pedro, Upper California. Flowering in April. A very stout and robust species, about eighteen inches high, apparently biennial, very smooth; leaves about an inch broad, an inch and a half long. Rays forty to fifty, flowers very large, more than twice the size of those of G. squar- 7080, which this species much resembles, but the leaves are broadest at the base. nom hirsute, pointed, —_— exserted. =- Grins” Wir gil saat or pnbelicie ences a biennial ; 1) stém vir- gate, cylindric, tall and slender, branching towards the summit, branches - mostly one-flowered, fastigiate; leaves linear-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, very acute, entire, or serrulate, semiamplexicaule; involucrum glutinous, the lower _ sepals — attenuated and =preagine: rays neuter, pappus of two to three sete. Has. Boreas of oni near Fort Caescnes, &es Nearly related to the G. -intignifsll but the leaves are narrow, not ovate, and resemble those of a willow. Stem slender, twiggy and tough, three to four feet high, terminating in about five or six flowers, about the size of those of G. squarrosa. Leaves about three inches long, half an inch wide, above, all entire, diminishing much in size on the branchlets, pungently acute. Radical leaves spathulate-linear, Allied to G. stricta, Decanp., but with a squarrose involucrum, | se ahoteg * nana; are smooth and casted punctate; many low, Ov rymb; leaves narrow iniiodolate or oblong, sessile, narrowed be- ge tose of the branches near the flower often minute, entire; sepals with short, reflected tips, which ds escend to the branch; rays few, (sixteen, ) scarcely styliferous: pappus of ¢ t two sete. Has. With the above. Nearly allied to G. humilis of Hoox. and Arn. 8. *inlegrio leaves pees entire, involucrum globular, squarrose to the base. Ons.—Scareely a foot high, usually decumbent, or r aesaryent Tower leaves often incisely serrate, linear-lanceolate, narrowed below. Rays a little longer than the disk; involucrum glutinous. In the entire leaved variety the leaves - are smooth on the margin; perhaps a distinct species; allied to G eke of Decandolle. - | cL Ce AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 315 branches one or two-flowered, fastigiate; leaves oblong-linear, acute, sessile, minutely serrulate; involucrum glutinous; reflected points of ye sepals short; flowers discoid; pappus of two sete. Has. On the banks of the Oregon. A genuine species of the present genus, though devoid of rays, .Stigmas pointed, pubescent. Capitulum rather small. Leaves about one and a half inches long by two to three lines wide, the serratures very delicate and minute. Stem about a foot high, ‘several from the same root. 15 Oe So geese, Hise sees “ @rinilelia *Bineifolia: smooth, leaves entire? cuneate-oblong, obtuse, or linear-oblong, acute, amplexicaule; capitulum sessile, somewhat Slutinous,. squarrose ; stigmas very long, acute, pubescent. Has. St. Barbara, Upper California. Of this I have seen only two me pwaneiba, the lower leaves may be different. The capitulum like that of G. glutinosa, of which it is, perhaps, a va- riety. The stigmas very long and exserted,. Leaves ‘pellucidly punctate. i of five or gettinee 1 a aE pee ' Cartel ot the Sh ae of 4 Peete (Cassini. Hererorueca * grandiflora; villous and pilose; lower leaves oval, sparingly serrate, petiolate, upper leaves sessile, entire, lanceolate, acute; stem densely pilose below, the summit paniculately corymbose, glandular, as well as the narrow, acute sepals; rays linear; pappus double, the outer dimidiate; achenia obovate-compressed, sericeous. Diplopappus scaber? es poe pots Am., Vol. II., p. 22. Has. On rocks near the sea, round St. Barbara, Upper California. “A very ati ae pias species. Stem about eighteen inches high, covered with long, softish hairs, diminishing to- ward the summit, which becomes glandular. Peduncles rather long, and, as well as the narrow linear sepals, clothed with a short, glandular, darkish pubescence. Pappus very copious, bright : brown, the outer nearly the same colour, not very distinet; radial achenia naked, triangular, nearly smooth. In the H. scabra the pappus is about half the length of the present, (as is the capitulum,) scarcely half as copious, and the outer, very conspicuous pappus, is — white. This plant I have never seen in Oregon or in California. ' % ENS Ee ee eet es ~ aw cn CHRYSOPSIS. (Natt yo see * es Chrysapiie Lamarckii. tet sthde ee ee a C. divaricata, E- eae ae no Heterotheca, there —— an uniform double pappus;— +. oe Grindeha * discoidea; herbaceous, perennial, smooth and resinously punctate; ‘ ep. a 316 - DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES the outer chaffy crown, is, however, very short and best seen in an early stage of growth. Chrysopsis hispida. Diplopappus hispidus, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL., p- 22.) In this ae so much allied to C. villosa, there are numerous aro- matic, resinous glands spread over most part of the plant; the quantity of this resinous matter, however, varies, but is never wholly wanting. The involu- crum is rarely at all smooth, more or less slenderly pilose, and sometimes glan- dular. Perennial, often somewhat decumbent, six to eight inches high, fasti- giately branched; the rays deep yellow, pappus brownish, scabrous. Radical ‘leaves spathulate, long petiolate. Achenium silky. Outer short pappus chaffy, white, very distinct.—In C. villosa the outer pappus is far less distinct, and much more slender than in the present plant. Chrysopsis * foliosa; 2%, sericeously villous, and more or less canescent, the margin and lower surface of the leaves scabrous; flowers fastigiate, corymbose ; leaves entire, oblong or oblong-ovate, subamplexicaule, crowded, acute, ciliate below; scales of the involucrum linear, acute, villous; achenium — pappus scarcely scabrous, outer pappus slender, dimidiate. Has. In the Rocky Mountain plains, near the banks of the Platte. Flowering in August. About a foot high, sending up many hairy stems from the same root. Nearly allied to C. villosa, "put far more pubescent and hoary, with the leaves widest at the base. In some specimens quite hoary, the hairs feel as soft as silk, but on removing this clothing, the under surface is covered with numerous scabrous elevations. A very showy species. | Chrysopsts * mollis, 24; sericeously villous, leaves entire, spathulate-oblong, the lower narrowed below, the rest oblong and sessile, mostly obtuse; corymb few-flowered ; involucrum villous; the scales lanceolate, acute; achenium silky, the outer pappus minute. Has. With the above, which it much resembles, but the leaves are more — not in the least scabrous nor any where ciliate; the stem, also, a villous, § 1. Subgenus. * PHyLiopappus.t Receptacle alveolate. Involucrum, sepals in about two series, subequal, flat. Outer pappus of about twenty paleaceous, linear-lanceolate, eroded scales, the inner of about twenty-five scabrous sete. Annual, mith the lower leaves incisely serrate. t From the exterior pappus being leaf-like. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 317 Chrysopsis pilosa, ©; very softly pubescent and hairy; leaves elongated, linear-lanceolate, acute, the lower ones incisely serrate, scales of the involu- crum linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equal; achenium with ten ribs; (a character common to the fruit of other species of Chrysopsis when perfectly mature.) C. pilosa, Nutt., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vor Vil, p. 66. (Small oe in which the leaves often occur entire.) ; Subgenus. —*PHYLLOTHECA. Rays feminine, with rudiments of stamina or fila- ments. Stigmas of the ray very long, filiform, and smooth, those of the disk pubescent at the apex, and somewhat lanceolate. External paleaceous pappus — minute, the inner pilose and scabrous; involucrum imbricate, and bracteolate or ‘foliaceous. Chrysopsis we Ata %; viscid and pubescent, Lanta oblong acute, en- tire, sessile; brant hes fastigiate, w with o1 one to three sessile “capituli. Has. St. Barbers, ropes California, Flo in. a heavy aromatic odour and bitter taste, almost like that of some Gnaphaliume. The whole plant more or less hirsute and viscidly glandular; leaves about an inch long, three or four lines wide, linear-oblong, rather te crowded, narrowed below, sessile. ‘The capitulum surrounded by leaves at its base, like those of the stem, only narrower and longer. ‘The outer pappus scarcely visible. Rays narrow and elon- gated, deeply toothed, about thirty. * PITYOPSIS.+ Flowers heterogamous, rays feminine; florets of the disk five-toothed, tubular. Stigmas slenderly filiform, equal and obtuse, in the ray smooth, in the disk hirsute. Receptacle alveolate, dentate, naked. Involucrum imbricated in several unequal series; scales carinate, rigid, membranaceous on the margin. Achenium slender, cylindric-fusiform, internally angular, even, and ten-stri- ate, contracted and rostrate at the summit, acuminate below; pappus double, each in a single series, the external short, slender and paleaceous, the inner pilose and scarcely scabrous, (of forty to forty-five rays.)—Perennials, with alternate, entire, filiform or rear 3 leaves, naked, or more psoas clothed é t P. pinifolia having leaves resembling those of the pine tree, and hence the allusion. vil.—4 E ie DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES with a very long, flaky, silk-like, more or less deciduous pubescence! flow- _ ers in corymbs, simple or paniculate; rays rather broad and few, yellow, as well as the disk. Pappus very slender, fulvous, the external chaffy kind, - also, nearly of the same colour. Achenium very remarkable for its tenuity and acumination at either extremity, black or brown when ripe, and some- what sericeous; the striatures not elevated above the surface into ribs, and very slender. Pityopsis pinifolia; smooth, leaves crowded, very long and filiform ; branches ay ~ _one-flowered, corymbose; scales of the involucrum in three or four series, cari- _ nate, pubescent at the tips; achenium pilose, with a very distinct rostrum. Has. In Georgia, on sand hills, between Flint and Chatahoochee rivers. § I. SericopnyitLum.—Leaves gramineous, clad with flakes of a long, somewhat deciduous, appressed silky pubescence. Achenium mith a shorter rostrum. Pityopsis falcata; deciduously sericeous, subdecumbent; corymb simple, pe- duncles or naked branchlets one-flowered, axillary and terminal; leayes short, linear, sessile, falcately recurved, acute; achenium sericeous, distinctly rostrate. Has. In barren pine woods, near Quaker-Bridge, in New Jersey, where alone I have ever seen it. Achenium rostrate and acuminate at base; pappus brownish, at first white, the external very slender. Pityopsis graminifolia. Oxs.—Involucrum and upper branchlets glandu- larly pubescent. Achenium slender, attenuated at either extremity. Chry- sopsis graminifolia, ELLiorr. Decand., Vol. V., p. 326. Pityopsis argentea. sc sfolucriii pubescent, not glandular. Achenium near- ly black when mature, acuminated at each extremity. Chrysopsis argentea, Exuiorr. Decand:, Vol. V., p. 326. * ERICAMERIA. Capitulum few-flowered, heterogamous; rays feminine, three to six, short and oblong, three-toothed, sometimes bilabiate; discal florets about seven to nine, campanulate, five-cleft. Stigmas very long and slender, acuminate, pubes- se wis LPR Pan OF PLANTS. 319 ee ell ray smooth. Receptacle naked, alveolate, dentate. ae ty : asitisn into the minute leaves of the branchlet. Achenium smooth, or somewhat hirsute, linear, angular and striate. Pappus pilose, scabrous, sim- ple, unequal. Flowers wholly yellow?—Dwarf, often resinous shrubs, re- sembling heaths, exceedingly branched, branches very leafy; leaves minute and subcylindric, acerose and semipervirent, crowded ; ‘flowers small, in a contracted, leafy corymb, or solitary and terminal.—(So named from a re- semblance to the genus Erica in the minute sempervirent leaves.) Ericameria * microphylla; crt viscid, leaves terete, distichally imbricated in the axils; rays three or four; achenium smooth; scales of the involucrum obtuse. Aplopappus ericoides, DECAND., Vol. V., p. 346. : Has. On rocks in a mountainous situation, near St. Barbara, Upper California. ‘Six to eight inches high, much branched from the base. Leaves three to six lines long, half a line wide, nearly cylindric, obtuse and rigid, at first, as well as the young branches, tomentose, at length smooth. Flowers crowded into an unequal corymb, the branchlets one-flowered, full of leaves to the sum- mit; scales of the involucrum in about three series, the outer leafy and acute, the inner obtuse. This cannot be, in any respect, a congener with Aplopappus ciliatus, or the genuine Chilian species. Ericameria *nana; smooth and somewhat glutinous, densely branched ; leaves linear acerose, acute, channelled; branchlets one to three-flowered ; flow- ers terminal, fastigiate ; ae of the involucrum similar; rays about four; achenium subhirsute. > Has. On shelving rocks on the Blue Mountains of Oregon. A shrub searcely a span high, ex- ceedingly branched and very brittle, somewhat resinous from exudation. Leaves no thicker than those of the pine, half an inch to an inch in length, somewhat narrower at base, sessile, Discal florets about eight, not deeply toothed, and, as well as the rays, yellow. Achenium nearly the length of the brownish pappus, linear, somewhat oblong, slightly hirsute when mature, somewhat angular and compressed. Ericameria * resinosa; every where glutinous, smooth; branches numerous, slender, corymbose ; flowers pedicellate; scales of the involucrum acute, the base microphyllous and squarrose; leaves subulate, acute; rays about six, often pilabiate! discal florets about twelve, all ochroleucous, five-cleft. mb icate, the i inner scales membranaceous on the margin, below passing in- ~ ies as es Sete eens ee ld e ba, ith ae 320 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Haw With the above, for which I had at first confounded it, but the flowers are larger and not ‘perfectly yellow, the branches more slender and open, the leaves somewhat longer, and a little broader. Involucrum turbinate, receptaculum narrow. The rays often, but not always, with two | lower, strap-shaped, narrow segments, opposed to the bifid tipped liguli. The same thing, though less distinct, occurs in the preceding species. Discal florets deeply cleft, campanulate ; anthers and stigmas much exserted, filiform, acuminate, hirsute. Achenium, when young, hirsute, and appa- rently almost cylindric. This species is so glutinous as to stick to the paper, and leave its im- pression behind. ™ Oss.—A very remarkable genus, altogether peculiar in habit, resembling some microphyllous shrub of the Cape of Good Hope. a *TSOCOMA. Capitulum homogamous, many-flowered, (twenty;) florets subcampanulate, deeply five-toothed. Branches of the stigma with an ovate apex, pubescent externally. Receptacle alveolate, dentate. Involucrum imbricate, inversely conic, scales membranaceous on the margin. Achenium subterete, serice- ous; pappus pilose, copious, scarcely scabrous.—A stout perennial or suffru- ticose plant of California, with the aspect of a Vernonia, but the flowers yel- low, in terminal corymbose clusters. Leaves alternate, cuneate-oblong, sharply serrate, rather small and crowded.—(So called from its equal flowers. ) Isocoma * Vernoniotdes. : Haz. In marshes near the sea, at St. Barbara, Upper California. Common. Flowering in April and May. One to two feet high, smooth, except the upper part of the stem, which is some- what tomentose. Leaves about an inch long, by two to three lines wide, crowded in the axills, rather succulent, linear-oblong or cuneate, acute, sharply serrate, the serratures ending in. bristly points; flowers terminal, conglomerate, in sessile or pedunculated clusters, bright yellow. Al- lied to Lessingia, but with the florets wholly similar. Also to the section Aplodiscus of Aplopap- pus, in Decanp., Vol. V., p. 350, yet the stigma appears to be wholly different. * ERIOCARPUM. Capitulum homogamous. F'lorets tubular, four to five-toothed, closed. Stig- mas lanceolate, hirsute. Involucrum hemispherical, imbricate, the scales unequal, rigid, membranaceous on the margin. Receptaculum flat, alveo- AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 321 late, producing small, membranaceous, not exserted scales. Achenium obo- vate, compressed, densely lanuginous; pappus short and unequal, pilose, bar- bellate-—A low subalpine perennial, with a ligneous root, sending up many stems; leaves alternate, cuneate, serrate, the serratures ending in bristles; capituli corymbose.—Allied to Aplopappus, but very distinct from the true Chilian species, both in the absence of rays and the nature of the pappus. Allied to the preceding genus, but with a different involucrum, receptacu- lum and stigma, &c.—(So called from its lanuginous fruit.) Eriocarpum * Grindeliowdes. Has. On shelving rocks in the Rocky Mountain range, Oregon. Stems about six inches high, pubescent, as well as the under side of the leaves. Leaves about one to one and a half inches long, by three to four lines wide, ciliate, serrate, cuneate-oblong. Florets scarcely exserted be- yond the fulvous pappus, pale yellow, the teeth never expanding, and the summits or cusps of the anthers exserted and conspicuous. Pappus scarcely longer than the achenium. * AMMODIA. Capitulum homogamous, many-flowered, florets tubular, five-toothed; stigmas elongated, slenderly filiform, equal and pubescent. Anthers not bisetose. Receptacle naked, alveolate. Tnvolucrum loosely imbricate, scales acute, flat, one-nerved, membranous on the margin, gradually shorter. Achenium oblong-linear, compressed, pubescent, slenderly striate, acuminate at base; pappus pilose, copious, slender, scarcely scabrous.—An inconspicuous flow- ered perennial, with entire, alternate, oblong, narrowish leaves. Capituli in -an irregular compound corymb; involucrum obconic, florets very numerous, pale yellow, upper part of the stem and involucrum glandular.—Allied ap- parently to Inu/a, but the anthers not bisetose, and the ray wholly wanting. Yet, at first glance, the plant might readily be mistaken for Inula viscosa, in which the anthers are furnished with basal sete, or the I. ammophila, (. salsoloides of China!—(The name given is in allusion to its predilection for sandy places.) Ammodia * Oregona. vil.—4 F 322 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Has. On the sand and gravel bars of the Oregon and its tributary streams; common. Flower- ing in August. Many stems from the same root, about a foot high, more or less hirsute; the leaves nearly smooth, scabrous on the margin, oblong, acute, sessile, rather numerous; flowers in an irregular, paniculate corymb, very inconspicuous, of a pale yellow, the florets nearly hid in the pappus, which is white and very slender, as in Inula. Achenia almost fusiform. Scales of the involucrum lanceolate, acute, in about four series. Florets fifty, or more. The whole plant pos- sesses a heavy aromatic odour. *MACRONEMA.+ Capitulum heterogamous, or homogamous, many-flowered, rays few or none, fe- minine, often with the rudiments of stamina; florets of the disk tubular-cam- panulate, five-cleft at the apex. Branches of the style very long, equally filiform, exserted, acute, and hirsute. Involucrum subimbricate in two nearly equal series, the inner rigid and membranaceous on the margin, the outer bracteolate or foliaceous. Receptaculum alveolate. Achenium linear- oblong, compressed, very long, obscurely striate, smooth or pubescent. Pap- pus pilose, copious, scabrous, unequal.—Low, viscidly pubescent shrubs, with many stems and much branched; branches one-flowered, fastigiate ; rays and disk yellow; leaves alternate, entire —Allied to Aplopappus, though remotely, having a different pappus and involucrum, &c. Macronema * suffruticosa; minutely and viscidly. pubescent, leaves oblong- linear, acute, numerous, rays six to eight. Has. On the sandy and gravelly banks of the Malade, a stream of the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains. A rather elegant low shrub, woody towards the base, about six to eight inches high, sending up numerous slender, simple, mostly one-flowered branches, from the summit of the low, woody stem; leaves about one to one and a half inches long, by about two lines wide, rather crowded. Capitulum large and hemispherical, containing thirty or more florets, with about eight linear-oblong, three-toothed rays, having often the same pubescent stigmas with the discal florets, and not unfrequently the rudiments of stamens. Pappus fulvous, exserted beyond the short invo- lucrum, nearly as long as the florets, yet not longer than the elongated achenium. Stigmas ex- ceedingly long, almost as in the Eupatoriums, sometimes trifid. § * Eucymna.—Flowers discoid, achenium glabrous. Macronema * discoidea; glandular pubescent, shrubby; young branches to- mentose, leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse; rays none, achenia smooth. t In allusion to the long filiform styles, (uaxpos, Jong, and »yua, a thread.) AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 323 Has. Banks of Lewis’ River, and other streams of the Oregon. Allied to, but very distinct from the preceding, with the same elongated, hirsute stigmas. A low, branching, somewhat spiny shrub, about half a foot high. Leaves about an inch long, two to three lines wide. Scales of the involucrum lanceolate-linear, part of the outer series resembling the leaves as in the preceding spe- cies; florets about twenty-five ; achenia very glabrous, slightly striated, linear-oblong. BIGELOWIA. (Decand.) Oxss.—Involucrum three to four-flowered; branches of the stigma short, scarcely exserted, ligulate, the apex sublanceolate, puberulous.—Low herbs with large radical leaves and scapoid, almost naked stems; branches corymbose. Bigelonia nudata and B. virgata. Has. On the borders of sandy, shallow ponds, from Virginia to Florida. The B. nudata as far north as New Jersey. *CHRYSOTHAMNUS. BicELow1a, but with the receptaculum naked. Capitulum five to eight-flow- ered; branches of the stigma filiform, cylindric, exserted, acute, pubescent nearly their whole length.—Very branching shrubs of the western interior and Rocky Mountain plains, with entire, equal, linear leaves, and fastigiately clustered flowers. Most of the species more or less resinous, and with a heavy aromatic odour.—(Named from their affinity to Chrysocoma, and bril- liant golden yellow flowers.) Chrysothamnus * pumilus; shrubby, dwarf, smooth or pulverulently pubes- cent; leaves narrow linear, acute, partly three-nerved; involucrum about five- flowered. Has. On the borders of Lewis’ River and the Rocky Mountain plains. A low shrub, much branched from below, about six inches high; flowers in terminal, fastigiate clusters. Involucrum smooth or glutinous. 8. *£uthamioides; involucrum ovate, the scales ovate and short. Perhaps a distinct species. Chrysothamnus * speciosus; shrubby and virgately branched; leaves narrow, linear, acute, more or less tomentose; capituli in dense, conglomerate, terminal clusters, five-flowered; style hirsute, elongated; pappus copious, scarcely sca- brous. 324 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Has. In the Rocky Mountain plains, near Lewis’ River, common. Flowering in August. 8. *albicaulis; stem. densely and whitely tomentose; perhaps a distinct species. Showy shrubs, three or four feet high, with numerous virgate branches, like the common Broom, Leaves one- nerved, scarcely half a line wide, one and a half to two inches long. Flowers abundant, brilliant yellow. | Lad Chrysothamnus dracunculoides. Bigelonia dracunculoides, Decanv., Vol. V. p- 329. Has. Rocky Mountain plains, near the banks of the Platte and Missouri. A shrub three to five feet high, with a heavy, unpleasant, though somewhat aromatic odour. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. Crinitaria viscidiflora, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL, p. 24. With this plant [am unacquainted, but it agrees well with the present genus. + Capitulum siz to eight-flowered; stigma ligulate. Chrysothamnus lanceolatus; shrubby, nearly smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, three-nerved, somewhat glutinous; capituli corymbosely clustered, six to eight-flowered; stigma ligulate, pubescent at the apex. Has. In the Rocky Mountains, toward the sources of the Platte, and on the banks of Lewis’ River of the Oregon. A moderate-sized shrub, with broader leaves than usual, one to one and a half inches long, by three to four lines wide, slightly puberulous. Involucrum of about four series of ovate, concave, acute scales. Stigma exserted, flat, with an ovate puberulous apex, something like that of the true Bigelowias. Pappus white, not abundant, scabrous. Florets pale yellow. CHRYSOMA. (Nurr., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL., p. 67.) Capitulum heterogamous, about five-flowered; liguli feminine, one to three, _short and oval. : Receptacle narrow, naked, alveolate, the central point ele- vated. Involucrum imbricate, the scales carinate, the inner ones longer. Achenium oblong, compressed, smooth, or somewhat pubescent. Pap- ‘pus simple, pilose, scabrous, the rays numerous.—Shrubby, suffruticose or perennial? plants, with entire (or serrated) rigid, lanceolate leaves, opaque, or pellucidly punctate. Flowers in fastigiate, corymbose clusters, wholly yellow.—Allied to Bigelonia, but distinguished by the presence of liguli; to Euthamia, but the liguli only about two; from Sodago in the same manner, and also by the whole habit. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. E 325 Chrysoma solidaginoides; shrubby; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, pellucidly punctate; involucrum angular, rays one or two, achenium pubes- cent. Solidago semiflosculosa, Micu., Vol. IL., p. 116. Has. East Florida. (Mr. Ware.) A shrub apparently four or five feet high, with stout, smooth branches. Leaves almost coriaceous, semipervirent? Branchlets slender, paniculate, fastigiate. Discal florets three} rays one or two. Chrysoma * pumila; root woody, stem slender, simple, corymbose, the flow- ers in subsessile clusters; leaves rigid, somewhat coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, three-nerved, attenuated below, sessile; rays two or three; ache- nium smooth. Haz. In open situations, on shelving rocks towards the western declivity of the Rocky Moun- tains. ‘The whole plant about a span high, more or less viscid and resinous, with clusters of stems from the same woody root. Leaves two to three inches long, about a quarter of an inch wide, ‘rather coriaceous, (sempervirent?) corymb regular, composed of sessile clusters by threes. Involucrum subcylindric, somewhat viscid. Discal florets three ; rays usually two. Chrysoma untligulata,; leaves lanceolate, at either end acuminate, serrate ; panicle compound, many-flowered; involucrum narrow oblong, ive Hower? ligula one. Bigelowia? uniligulata, Decanp., Vol. V., p. 329. Has. In New Jersey, (probably near the sea-coast.) (Mr. B. D. Greene.) EUTHAMIA. (As a section of Solidago, Nutr., Gen. Am., Vol. I1., p. 162. Drcanp. Prod., Vol. V., p. 341.) Flowers heterogamous; liguli minute, twice as numerous as the discal, sub- campanulate florets. Capituli small, oblong or ovate; involucrum imbri- cate, the scales agglutinated. Receptacle deeply alveolate, fringed. Ache- nia oblong-ovoid, villous, contracted at the summit; pappus comose, consist- ing of a small number of scabrous hairs.—Perennial, much-branching herbs, ” with entire linear leaves; flowers corymbose in sessile clusters, yellow.— Allied to Nidorella and Brachyris, rather.than to Solidago. Euthamia graminifolia; angles of the stem and veins of the leaves minutely hirsute; leaves lanceolate-linear, three to five-nerved; corymb compound; dis- cal florets eight to ten; liguli fifteen to twenty, shorter than the disk. Has. From Canada to Florida. ies Vil.—4 G 326 + DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Euthamia tenuifolia; smooth, upper part of the stem angular; leaves narrow- lineal , mostly one-nerved, minutely punctate, somewhat rough on the margin; ‘mb diffuse, flowers solitary and sessile, in threes; discal florets five to six, liguli about the length of the disk, ten to twelve. 8. microcephala slender, capituli generally pedicellate, smaller. i ghititly Ost nate, pedicellate, resinously agglutinated. Has. From New Jersey to East Florida, s. Alabama. y. East Florida. coryml la; leaves very - eapituli turbi- Euthamia *occidentale; very smooth and virgately branched, the branches and stem terete, or scarcely angled; flowers large, in simple, terminal, contracted clusters; leaves lanceolate-linear, narrow, scabrous on the margin, mostly one- nerved, or obscurely three-nerved ; discal florets see fourteen to fifteen, radial twenty-two o re. Has. Banks =... Oregon and Wahlamet, and Lewis’ River, in the Rocky Mountains ; chiefly on the sand and gravel bars, as well as islands. A tall, very smooth species, peaking very Tew Bae flowers, chiefly i in small, contracted, terminal clusters, and seldom, if ever, in threes, es SOLIDAGO. (Linn. ) * Racemes secund. Solidago canadensis. a Has. On Wappatoo Island oat the Banks of ie cae and Wahlamet. Solidago procera. 3. * sali _ scabrous on the margin, « * Has. With the above. a peeate, three-nerved, above lanceolate ; eens aa contr i ed, pyramidal scales of the in se Oe somewhat — ae es AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 327 Carolina. A stout species, three to four feet high, allied to S. serotina, but with a cuneate leaf, and pubescent achenium. | Solidago ae stem puberulous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ‘eumeate, ee-ner fod: panicle elongated; racemes erect, or somewhat recurved ; rays narrow, as long as the disk, ten to sixteen ; achenium pubescent. @. Leaves longer, and the racemes more secund. Has. Wappatoo Island and the plains of the Oregon. Remarkable for the great elongation of the panicle, often half a foot long, narrowly pyramidal, three to four inches wide in the widest part. Rays very narrow, numerous, two-toothed; discal florets eight to twelve; pedicels and rachis pubescent. Receptacle deeply alveolate. It has the aspect of S. puberula, but the stem is very slenderly and minutely pubescent. oi ‘olidago Missouriensis; (Nutr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei., Vol. V., p. 7.) > cy Mountains. From specimens which I obtained sinc publishing this syeeies, I find that it belongs to the first section of the genus, having aa ae thickish polished leaves, perfectly smooth, though a little scabrous on the gin. Discal florets about twelve, rays ten, shorter than the disk. Achentom slightly pubescent. Has. Missouri, Arkansas, the Rocky Mountains, and near Chapel-Hill, North Carolina. - Solidago radula; (Nutr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 102.) Arkansa. This species has some affinity with S. rugosa, but the leaves have no rugosity, and are cuneate-oblong, above Oyama ni ceOlnpe, the lower serrated distantly evards the are goreies. of the involucrum oblong-ovate, very nd. ength of the disk. Nearly allied to the Ss. ae em ** + Racemes erect. Solidago hirsuta; (Nutr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. VIL, p. 103.) ° Very similar to S. bicolor, but the rays are yellow and smaller, and the leaves lanceo- _ late or oblong-lancealate. we is y oe Solidago * nana; ‘nswitt cinereous: and pulverulently pubescent, dwarf, many stems from the same root; lower and radical leaves spathulate, obtuse, _ entire, or subserrulate it the apex, stem leniys linear, narrowed below ; ramuli - sight to ten; discal florets about five or six; pappus of the rays a little shorter. 328 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES fastigiate, subcorymbose ; bractes linear; involucrum nearly smooth, scales ovate; rays about seven, oblong, as long as the disk; achenium pubescent. Has. In the Rocky Mountain range, near Lewis’ River of the Shoshonee. About a span high, with a large, black, almost woody root. Stem leaves small, radical ones about one and a half inches by half an inch wide; scales of the involucrum unusually broad, pubescent on the margin, rays conspicuous. Apparently allied to S. nemoralis, though very distinct and alpine. Solidago *Cahfornica; villous and cinereous; leaves nearly all equal and somewhat crowded, oblong-lanceolate and acute at each end, near the apex sometimes vary slightly serrulate; panicle elongated, nearly equal; scales of lanceolate, acute, somewhat pubescent; rays about nine; ache- Has. Near St. intate: in Upper California. Two to three fe 7 1igh. Discal florets about nine, as well as the rays. Allied to the preceding, but softly villous and acute leaved; the stem leaves are also nearly as large as the radical ones, about an inch or an inch and.a half long, by less than half an inch wide. Solidago * glutinosa; smooth ; above, ‘as well as ihe involucrum, viscid, with a yellow resin ; stem angular; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, narrowed below, serrulate, acute, scabrous on the margin; panicle spiciform, simple or com- pound; scales of the involucrum ovate-oblong; rays about tee oblong, yeew _ tate and conspicuous; achenium pubescent. Has. On the plains of the Oregon and Wahlamet rivers, not uncommon. Allied to 8. Virga- Aurea, which it resembles in habit; also to the S. simplex. About two feet high, with a brown stem, angular above; lower leaves three or four inches long, by about half an inch wide, the radi- eal ones attenuated into long pela Upper p with an orange, varnish like resin, of a strong aroma the stem, bractes and involucrum indued ie"and rather unpleasant ae . about A narrow leaved variety. Solida yo eons oa. EsSinin serrated somewhat at very few) ontines ovate-amplexi- AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 329 caule, acute; stem smooth, except towards the summit; flowers in an irregular corymb; rays about ten to twelve, as long as the disk; scales of the involucrum linear-lanceolate, smooth; achenium pubescent. Has. The central chain of the Rocky Mountains, in forests. S. multiradiata, Hoox., Vol. Il, 4 p. 5, not of Aiton. Closely allied to S. multiradiata, for which it appears to be taken by Hooker in Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. II., p. 5, but is, in fact, nearer to some varieties of 8. Virga-urea, having pubescent achenia. * PRIONOPSIS., (ApLopappus. Section I. LEIACHE aa Decand. in part.) Capitulum hemispherical, many-flowered; rays numerous, (two or more series, ) entire, feminine. Discal florets slender and cylindric, mostly abortive. Stig- mas of the ray smooth and very slender, scarcely exserted ; those of the disk pubescent, rather ort, filiform and obtuse, somewhat compressed. Recep- tacle slightly ie im flat. Involucrum imbricated, of many series of some- what agglutinated, squarrose sepals, with leafy palate Achenium short and smooth, cylindric-ovoid, contracted at the summit; pappus rigidly setose, longer than the florets, scabrous, unequal, about ten of the sete longer and thicker ; pappus of the ray shorter and of fewer rays, deciduous.—A stout, oh herbaceous biennial, with the habit and entire aspect of Grindelia glutinosa ; leaves alternate, ovate, FS iy very conspicuously and distinctly serrate- ciliate ; flowers wholly yello w, large, fastigiate; branchlets one-flowered.— (The name from apiar, a sam, and ous, resemblance, in allusion to the ele- _ gant serratures of the leaves.) Prionopsis ciliata. Donia ciliata, Norn. = a uli fem: OD nd in one e series; discal florets ¢ i ertile, ive-toothed, t Shaler taal rather flat, foveo- - 330 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES late, or alveolate, and fringed. Involucrum, scales loosely imbricate, subli- near, acute. Achenia oblong, somewhat terete, or turbinate, densely serice- ous. Pappus setose, of several series, unequal; that of the liguli shorter, with the rays less numerous.—South American shrubs, or undershrubs, usually with alternate, sharply serrated, or bristly toothed leaves. Capitu- lum terminal, often pedunculate. Flowers wholly yellow. Aplopappus cespitosus; puberulous, stemless; leaves in rosulate clusters, cu- neate-oboval, ciliately serrate, serratures bristly ; scape elongated, one-flowered. Has. Chili, (Dr. Styles.) Leaves about an inch long, half an inch wide. Scape half a foot long. Capitulum large, hemispherical; rays about forty; pappus bristly, scabrous, brownish ; achenium densely sericeous and recom & Sepals linear, acute. Root-stock woody. Aplopappus *cuneifolius; suffruticose, smooth and viscid, dwarf; leaves cune- ate, obtuse, serrate, serratures without bristles; stem short, scapoid, one-flow- ered; sepals very unequal, linear, acuminate; rays about twelve. Has. With the preceding, (Dr. Styles.) A much smaller species. Peduncle two to three inches long. Pappus bristly, scabrous. Achenium densely sericeous and short, § *Gymnocoma. Flowers discoid; corolla not dilated; stigmas filiform, acute, hirsute. Aplopappus * pinnatifidus; stemless, smooth and glandular; leaves rosulate, linear, pinnatifid, segments bristly ; scape very long, with small subulate leaves ; sepals with bristly, acuminate points; florets numerous, discoid. Has. Chili, (Dr. Styles.) Achenia silky. Root-stock woody. Allied to Eriocarpum, but with a different stigma and habit. oo = *HOMOPAPPUS. . 7 es Capitulum heterogamous, many-flowered, obovate or hemispherical. Rays feminine, about a single series, rarely infertile; discal florets slender, tubu- ___ lar, five-toothed, closed, fertile. Stigmas filiform, acute, hirsute. Recepta- cle alveolate, flat, dentate. Involucrum imbricate, in several series, scales more or less-agglutinated, oblong, or ovate, with foliaceous, spreading tips. Achenium linear, angular, subcylindric, mostly smooth, (pubescent in the doubtful sections AcrrvapHorta and Myrtantuus.) Pappus setose, scabrous, AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 331 nearly equal, and similar in the rays.—Perennial, dwarf herbs, of an inele- gant aspect, with alternate, nearly entire, or sharply serrated, spathulate, rigid, coriaceous leaves; capituli mostly sessile, terminal, and clustered in the axills of the leaves, rarely fastigiate. Flowers wholly yellow, and rather large, as in Chrysopsis. Allied to Solidago, particularly to S. confertiflora; and S. spathulata, of Mexico, appears to be a genuine species. From Aplo- pappus it differs much in habit, involucrum, achenium, &c.—(The name is given in allusion to the similarity of the pappus in the ray and disk.) Homopappus * paniculatus; smooth, leaves spathulate-lanceolate, acute, cau- line amplexicaule, rarely here and there subserrulate; branches subfastigiate ; capituli in subterminal clusters, sessile; involucrum obconic; rays eight to ten, about twice the length of the disk; achenium slightly hirsute a at the summit; scales of the involucrum ovate-oblong, obtuse. Has. Plains of the Oregon, not far from Walla-Walla, particularly the prairie called the Grand Ronde. About a foot high, growing in considerable quantities in wet places. Leaves three to four inches long, by half an inch to an inch wide, the radical much attenuated. Florets twenty- five or thirty, the pappus about their length; scales of the involucrum closely imbricated in three or four series, the seales rigid and membranaceous on the margins, with green, foliaceous, subsquarrose tips. The involucrum almost resembles that of a Pteronia. Pappus brown and rigid; achenium rather long. Homopappus * glomeratus; smooth; leaves spathulate-lanceolate, very acute, generally entire, cauline amplexicaule, linear-lanceolate, or oblong; capituli axillary, and clustered towards the summit of the simple stem, or its branches, sessile, roundish and subcylindric, glutinous and squarrose; rays about eight to ten; achenium very smooth, subcylindric. Has. With the above, to which it is closely allied, but the involucrum is nearly round, and the achenium perfectly smooth, pale and shining, linear and subcylindric, somewhat compressed, and narrowed at each extremity. Sometimes (perhaps when the stem has been injured at the summit) it branches fastigiately, but it usually presents an interrupted spike, with leaves interposed between the clusters, which are about three together. Homopappus * argutus; smooth; leaves spathulate-lanceolate, subacuminate, sharply serrate, cauline amplexicaule; capituli clustered, sessile, axillary and terminal; scales of the glutinous involucrum subsquarrose, lanceolate, acute; rays ten to twelve; achenium smooth. ‘ cs Bat DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Has. With the above, and on the plains of the Oregon. About a foot high, very similar to the preceding, but with the leaves strongly serrated. Pappus rufous, very rigid; involucrum obconic. These three species have a strong resemblance to Grindelia, are all more or less sluggeus and resinous, so as to have a bitterish taste; the leaves in the present species are often sprinkled resinous atoms. Homopappus? spathulatus. Solidago spathulata, Decanp., Vol. V., p. 339. I have not seen this plant, but from the character given, and the large number of florets, it appears to belong to this genus. Is the pappus setose? Homopappus? squarrosus. Aplopappus squarrosus, Hook. and Arnot. Bot. Beech., p. 146. § I. *Myrtantuus.—Capitulum nearly spherical, with many narrow rays; dis- cal florets all fertile; pappus barbellate towards the apex, persistent; achenium compressed, angular ; involucrum foliaceous.—With the habit of the preceding. Homopappus *racemosus; smooth, summit of the simple stem and NEON gi crum pubescent; leaves lanceolate, serrate, acute; above oblong-lanceolate, am- plexicaule, often nearly entire; capituli few, racemose, (three to seven); scales of the involucrum oblong, leafy, rather obtuse, sometimes lanceolate; rays fifa teen to twenty; achenium subsericeous. Has. Plains of the Wahlamet. About twelve to eighteen inches high. Leaves coriaceous, smooth, except the uppermost, narrow lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuated below in the radical ones. Serratures pungently acute. Flowers pedicellate. Involucrum hemispherical, scales imbricated in about three series. Pappus rigid, scabrous, fulvous, somewhat barbellated to- wards the extremities. Achenium as in the preceding, but smaller, (as well as the plant,) ene pale testaceous, covered with sparse hairs, which do not conceal the striatures. aus. Donia uniflora, Hooker, Vol. II., p. 25, t. 124. . eae g : Suh : =< “ seg ESN | sg oe Rays numerous, fertile or infertile. Stigma filiform, acuminate, pubescent. - Achenium linear-oblong, subsericeous; pappus of one or two series of sca- - brows hairs, “3 barbellate towards the tips, some of them thinner and ie tT froma -.. a ay, and arpapenry sila? in allusion to the infertile rays, ays Segaenity about es. a | yan AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 333 shorter than the rest.—Perennial, alpine, tuberous rooted plants, with some- what the habit of Arnica. Stem and lanceolate, serrated deaves smooth or lanugir nous, the former one or few-flowered, subracemose. © Homopappus *Inuloides; leaves lanceolate, subserrulate, softly lanuginous; stem one or few-flowered; sepals nearly equal, lanuginous; rays three-toothed, forty to fifty ; achenium subsericeous. Has. In the moist, open, grassy plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Platte. From three or four inches to a foot high. The root a dark, turbinate tabege clad, at the summit, with numerous fibrous, reticulated vestiges of former years’ growth. Leaves lanceolate, _ often sparingly cartilaginously serrulate, the primary ones smooth; the rest of the plant, as well as the involucrum, softly lanuginous with a long, white, loose, woolly pubescence. Stem leaves ses- sile, the lower much attenuated below. Capitulum hemispherical; the involucrum flat, and its sepals nearly equal. Rays oblong, three-toothed, shorter eben the disk, between forty and fifty; the discal florets one hundred and twenty, or more, small, tubular, shortly five ed; style ge- nerally included. Leaves two to four inches long, a quarter to half an inch mis 0 = ¢ Homopappus itor iflorus; stem and petioles deciduously hateiens Gowers racemose, branchlets one or few-flowered; leaves lanceolate, serrate, acute, al- “most coriaceous, the cauline linear, small and sessile; capituli hemispherical, pedicellate ; sepals oblong, in about two rows; rays twenty to twenty-five; achenium subsericeous. Donia lanceolata? Hoox., Vol. IL., p. 25. Haz. Prairies on the east and west side of the Rocky Mountains. From six inches to two pike high. Allied to the preceding, but much larger, the leaves at length, or from the first smooth, sharply and pungently serrulate; rays oblong, alight " gheslewrracce longer than the wide disk. almost flat, slightly pubescent, a little 1 rally, shorter than the pappus, which is af ‘Flowers about the size of a Daisy. Several stems from the same root, with leaves * sometimes so small as to appear almost as naked as Spee. Radical leaves four to five inches a long, attenuated into ‘Jong petioles. Root tap-shaped, crowned with numerous fibrous vestiges of ~ 7 er leaves. Stem sometimes only three-flowered, sometimes with many one to two-flowered branches, from near the base to the summit; occasionally subdecumbent. PYRROCOMA. (Hookeér.) % > Pyrrocoma * radiata; smooth, leaves spathulate-obovate, cauline ovate-lan- ceolate, apiculate, serrate, amplexicaule, radical saci me entire, as well as the lower ones; flowers few, very large, penne axillary tonmian sub- vil.—4 1 ae eee 334 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES corymbose, sometimes glomerate and sessile; rays about twenty-five; discal florets very numerous. Has. Plains of Oregon, near Walla-Walla. A low, robust plant, about twelve to eighteen inches high. Leaves rigid and coriaceous, four or five inches long, the lower one and a half to two inches broad. Capituli nearly as large as those of Jnula Helenium. Involucrum almost ex- - actly like that of Liatris sphxroidea, foliaceous, searcely at all squarrose, the sepals ovate, acute, the lower bracteoles serrate; rays narrow; discal florets narrow tubular, not expanding nor ex- serted beyond the pappus. Stigma obtuse, flat, pubescent. Rays. very narrow, shorter than the disk. Pappus rufous, shining, stiff and bristly, distinctly barbellate and thickened at the extremi- ties, in two or more series, somewhat unequal, persistent, very li like that of the genus Pteronia. _Achenium very long, about the length of the pappus, oblong-linear, somewhat narrowed at each “end, smooth, pale and shining, convex externally, internally somewhat angular. + — *STENOTUS. Capitulum ieeiogamous, many-flowered, hemispherical or ovate. Rays i ina single serie | rather distant. Discal florets tubular, cyathiform, border five- cleft, spreading. Branches of the stigma Sliform, fiat, puberulous, exserted. Receptacle alveolate, dentate. Involucrum imbricate, scales ovate, erect, rigid, with broad membranaceous margins, (rarely bracteolate.) Achenium oblong, compressed, sericeous. Pappus setaceous, shorter than the florets, equal, scabrous.—Low alpine perennials, with almost woody roots, and alternate, linear, entire, coriaceous, mostly smooth leaves; stems numerous from the same cwespitose caudex, dwarf and scapoid, one to three-flowered; _.. wowers often large, wholly yellow. Although, in the general character, this genus approache s the preceding and Aplopappus, the habit is peculiar and r whasll differain rom either. —(The name from _— narrowness, in allu- sion to the narrowness of the leaves, &c.) _ Stenotus acaults; very Swat and cairo: leaves lanceolate-linear, pun- gently acute, scabrous and almost cinereous, three-nerved; scapoid stem one- flowered ; Involucrum hemispherical, scales membranaceous, acute; rays about twelve; achenium sericeous. ‘ Chrysopsis acaule; Nurr. in Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL., p. 33, t. iii., fig. 1. Has. Near the borders of Little Godin River, in the Rocky Mountains. Flowering in June. * AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 335 Agel, tufted alpine, only three or four inches high. Stems like scapes, bearing one or two small leaves. a Stenotus cespitosus; somewhat ceespitose or tufted ; pat Ae one late, smooth, three-nerved, scabrous on the in; stems scapoid, one to four- flowered; involucrum hemispherical. , the membranaceous scales ovate, acute; rays about twelve; achenium sericeous. Chrysopsis cespitosus; Journ. Acad., Vol. VIL, p. 34. ; Has. Towards t S 0 More than twice as et as ‘the preceding. Root somewhat ligneous. Leaves very acute, those of the Missouri and the Platte, in the range of the Rocky Mountains. of the stem two or three in number, wide, sessile, and somewhat lanceolate; peduncles very long. Pappus white; achenium brightly and closely sericeous, linear-oblong. Stigmas much exserted. Very nearly allied to the preceding. Stenotus * Armerioides, hat cespitose or tufted, caudex ligneous; leaves linear, slightly lanceolate, more or less glutinous, as well as ae involucrum, scabrous on the margin; stems almost wholly naked, scapc flowered, peduncles very long, scales of the short involucrum broadly mem- branaceous, oval, obtuse; rays about twelve; stigma lanceolate ; achenium dense- ly sericeous, about the length of the short white pappus. Haz. Towards the sources of the Platte, in the Rocky Mountain range, on shelving rocks. About a span high, with a large, distinctly woody root, of great length. Leaves three or four inches long, little more than a line wide, rigid and coriaceous, resinously viscid, in a slight d gr three-nerved, all linear, about two leaves on the stem; peduncles two to three inches long; ; the stems appearing | entirely like scapes. Involucrum imbricated in about two series, much shorter than the florets. Stigma unusually thick and large, puberulous, Achenium very thickly covered with | ky hairs, as in the true species of Aplopappus. The plant, at first glance, has much the appearance of an Armeria. saga to the preceding, but perfectly distinct. 2 z § I. * Oonopsis.—Involucrum small, soatemuaehtatiin linear, pappus fulvous. Stenotus * multicaulis; dwarf, subcespitose, many-stemmed; leaves linear, radical obtuse, cauline acute; stems slender, one to three-flowered ; flowers ses- sile; involucrum ovate, lanuginous, scales acuminate; rays about eight; ache- nium pubescent, . linear. on the western declivity of the Rocky Mountains. A remarkable species, forming dense tufts, with leave two to three inches long and about a line wide, the primary ones obtuse, the rest acute, the upper ones pubescent. Stems many, scarcely rising more than an inch above the leaves, slender like peduncles, terminating in one to three fastigiate flowers, which are sessile, or ie pe oe gk: 336 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES immediately seated upon the uppermost leaf; involucrum small and ovate, composed of two rows of ovate, acuminate sepals, the tips somewhat herbaceous and projecting. Rays oblong, about eight, feminine, slightly three-toothed, longer than the narrow disk; discal florets tubular, cyathi- form, the summit five-cleft. Stigma lanceolate, pubescent; achenium narrow, slightly agp when mature, linear-subcylindric? Pappus short, scanty, scabrous, brownish. ‘ *PENTACHETA. ” Capitulum heterogamous, many-flowered, hemispherical. Rays feminine in two or three series, oblong. Discal florets tubular, oblique, ringent and five- cleft at the summit, Re eptacle. punctate, naked, convex. Involucrum loosely imbricate; scales lines , flat, acute, with broad membranaceous mar- gins, in two or three series. Achenium turbinate, angular, hirsute; pappus consisting, in ray and disk, of five scabrous bristles, united at the base, which is not deciduous.—A small and slender annual of Upper California, bran h- ing from the base, branches divaricate, one-flowered, fastigiate. Leavy es s al- -ternate, entire, nearly glabrous and filiform. Flowers wholly bright yellow the rays slightly three-toothed. —(The name alludes: “to the pappus oP Rie bristles. ip ar pe on Pentacheta aurea. ; Has, In dry plains near the sea, in the vicinity of St. Diego, Up] er | ifornia. Flowering in xe inches to a foot high, branch- ing usually from the base in an umbellate manner, the branches one-flowered. Leaves, on their margin, as well as the upper part of the stem, somewhat sparingly pilose, the hairs rather long and soft. Flower about the size of a Daisy, almost orange-yellow, with twenty to fifty rays, much that of the true Aplopappuss, the scales exactly similar with each ‘othe: linearfanceolite: id sharply acuminate, membr. s, and ~ ragga laeerate on the - margin, the centre green and one-nerved, Anthers without sete at ba curved and ringent, or a Enea cleft above. Stigmas rare Mae April. A very elegant, though often minute plant, from two or 1 ly, allied to Chatopappa, but is wholly distinct from all the other: eae with — to the ge the ee AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 337 Subtribe.—BACCHARIDE. Baccuants *salicifolia; shrubby, smooth, branches angular, leaves mostly ob- long, or oblong-lanceolate, subdenticulate, uppermost nearly linear, entire, vis- cid; capituli sessile, clustered, involucrum ovate, as well as the smooth scales. Has. Banks of the Arkansa, nearly allied to B. glomeruliflora. More or less resinously punc- tate. Lato very obscurely three-nerved, attenuated into a petiole. Baccharis pilularis; Decanp., Vol. V., p. 407. + a: Has. Near St. Diego, Upper California, and Monterrey. In my specimens of the fertile plant the leaves are often strongly denticulate, three-fourths of an inch long, by half an inch in width; the capituli solitary, or by threes, at the ends of the branchlets, and sometimes, also, aggregated. into a considerable panicle. Achenia smooth, with ten grooves, the pappus of moderate length. A shrub three or four feet high. It appears to be subject to the attack of some insect, whith causes excrescences on the eenches and hence, I suppose, arises the specific name. Baccharis Pingraa; Decanp., Vol. V., Has. In the vicinity of St. Diego, Upper sete Yi leaves and branchlets somewhat a Achenium with very few striatures. ‘ Pele e Subtribe—TARCHONANTHEA. = — * DIAPERIA. , Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous, flowers all tubular, the rays femi- nine, slender, in several series; discal florets two or three, masculine, with a erenate, four-toothed border. Receptacle flat, wholly paleaceous, the palea obtuse, exterior chaffy, the interior lanuginous, separately involving the dis- cal florets. Involucrum consisting of mere leafy, irregular bractes. Ache- nium compressed, oboval, smooth, and withou pappus.—A small, tomentose annual, with entire, sessile leaves, the stem simple, branching simply from - the base, or terminating in a proliferous capitulum; the involucrum irregu- lar; flowers in sessile clusters, made up of conglomerations of five capituli, imbedded in a dense cottony tomentum, interspersed with ao patois capituli cylindric-ovate.—(The name from Ava@epaa, to pass thi allusion to the proliferous inflorescence.) a vil.—4 kK Lea ee meee urmc e ea)! oe i pes Rao” aig 338 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES # Diaperia prolifera. Evaz profera; Nurt. in Decanp., Vol. V., p. 459. Has. On the banks of Red River, near the confluence of the Kiamesha. About two to four inches high. Stem mostly simple, though sometimes branching from the summit of the root. Primary capitulum one half to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, sending out from its disk one to three branches, each terminating in a similar smaller capitulum. ‘There appears to be no pro- per involucrum, the outermost scales presenting the slender, filiform, female florets. ‘The ache- nium seems similar with that of vax pygmea. Diaperia? multicaulis. Evax multicaulis; Decanv. Prod. V., p. 459. This plant I have not seen, but imagine it may belong to the present genus. *STYLOCLINE. Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous; flowers all tubular; radial feminine, in many series, filiform, (with a mere vestige of corolla,) mostly concealed in a central cleft of the subcarinated, concave, chaffy scale of the receptacle; central masculine florets three or four, four-toothed, minute. Receptacle naked, slender, columnar, wholly bracteolate, the apex producing a few long, chaffy hairs. Involucrum imbricate, of a simple series of (about five) concave, dilated, ovate scales; fructiferous scales broad ovate, membranace- ous, with an herbaceous centre, the back and base below densely laniferous, Achenium minute, oblique, cylindric-oblong, very acute at the base, smooth and shining, (apparently a naked seed!?)—Annual herbs of Upper Califor- nia, with the whole aspect of Gnaphalium ; decumbent and diffusely branched from the base, canescently lanuginous, with small, linear, entire, sessile leaves, - Flowers in axillary and terminal sessile clusters, of a yellowish - white, the ‘scales diaphanous and shining. Seeds, or achenia enclosed in the base of tlie scales, which are deciduous.—(‘The name from orvAos, a column, and yu, a female; in: allusion to the very singular co clu renin Stylochine * Gnaphaloides. ima ee Monterrey, Upper California. Stem much branched, diffusely a. decum- a small, oblong, linear, sessile, three or four lines long, about a line wide. Flowers ainal ‘Sessile elusters, partly sheathed by a number of approximating leaves, Capitulum ovate, made up of imbricated, rhomboidal-ovate, concave, receptacular scales; the involucrum of a é : a 8 AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 339 very few similar, empty scales. Scales membranaceous, diaphanous, shining, yellowish-white, with a greenish oblong centre, internally with a cleft fold, usually enclosing the greater part of the floret, and always the seed, on the back, at and towards the base, densely tomentose. The recep- tacle, from which the fructiferous scales readily become detached, appears to be a narrow punctate cylinder, or rachis, like that $f a spike, round which the scales are imbricated. Stigmas bifid, fili- form, very slender. Of the floret it is difficult to detect more than a mere hyaline rudiment. Seed (rather than achenium) dark brown, minute, cylindric-oblong, somewhat compressed, obtuse, smooth and shining, very acute at base, with only a single thin integument and its lining, as in a naked seed. Somewhat allied to Evax and Micropus, but at the same time very distinet. MICROPUS. (Linn.) Capitulum few-flowered, heterogamous, flowers all tubular; rays about five, feminine, filiform; discal florets three to five, masculine, five-toothed. Inyo- lucrum about five-leaved, conspicuous or minute. Receptacle small, brac- teolate, except the centre, the bractes at length cartilaginous, folded inwards closely over the achenium, gibbous and compressed at the sides, (sometimes rostrate,) tomentose. Achenium obovate, flatly compressed, naked, without pappus, and deciduous with the bractes.—Small annuals of Europe and North America, arachnoidly tomentose, resembling Filago or Gnaphalium. Leaves alternate, capituli clustered. The | presence of an involucrum, and the supposed involucrum being bractes, this genus approaches Evaz. § III. * Ruyncnotepis.—Involucrum five-leaved, paleaceous, fructiferous fais rostrate, with chaffy points. Micropus *angustifolius; © erect, simple or branching from the base, tall a # slender, tomentose; leaves linear, acute, above linear-lanceolate; clusters of flowers lateral and terminal, densely lanuginous; discal florets aan sa mas- culine three to five. Has. St. Barbara, Upper California. Six to eight inches high, leaves erect and. somewhat crowded, about an inch long and a line wide. Stem often simple. The capituli like comes round ’ masses of wool. Female florets almost obsolete. Stigma scarcely exserted. Acheni : and compressed. 340 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES * PSILOCARPHUS. Capit Peaydiowered: heterogamous; flowers all tubular; rays in several se» ‘ries, filiform, etemns: discal florets hermaphrodite, sterile, about five. In- volucrum none, or mere foliaceous, irregular bractes. Receptacle convex, elevated, bracteolate, except the centre, bractes gibbous, subcylindric, reti- culately membranaceous, folded inwards over the female florets and achenia. Achenium cylindric-oblong, smooth and shining, loosely infolded and decidu- ous wit the bracteoles.—Dwarf stat of abe ee America, with the whole “aspect of Micropus, diffusely branched, and canescently tomen- tose; flowers glomerate, lateral end minal. —(The name from Ao, slen- der, and xapoos, chaff. In — to the membranous bracteal scales. ) Piitichiphiis * globiferus; Gaisicisn Cy tomentose, beneath more densely ; prostrate and diffusely branched, leaves oblong-linear, the floral ones broader, obtuse; capituli lateral and terminal; female florets twenty-five to twenty-eight; nace five to eight; scales of the receptacle gibbous, rostrate, involute.— DU globiferus? Decanp. and Bertero, Vol. N., p. 460. as. Round St. Barbara, Upper C nia. Flowering in April. Not an inch high, spread- ° ing out five or six inches, beneath covered ¥ tha long, soft, white wool, above less densely canes- f the receptacle naked, convex ae masculine florets very minute. Fruc- tiferous scales reticulately Se not in the least Baia, subeylindric, gibbous, with a short rostrum. Psilocarphus *brevissimus; canescently and very softly tomentose; stem minute and very dwarf, producing mostly a single capitulum; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute; female florets about. eight; fructiferous scale ovate-oblong, without beak; achenium almost lin ar.—Micropus minimus? Decanp., Vol. V., p- 461. ; me Has. Plains of the Oregon River, in inundated tracts. Extremely dwarf, ‘cena not Siways 80+) About four lines high, the solitary capitulum, though rather large, sessile on about the third ee and so downy as to look like a pellet ‘of cotton, the fruit-bearing scale nearly quite cely gibbous, larger than usual; the achenium narrow, but longer than in the pre- which it, in fact, is closely allied. It does not appear to branch at all, and therefore is scarcély the Micropus minimus; which, however, as well as the WM. globiferus, no doubt belongs to the present genus, * » AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 341 Psilocarphus *Oregonus; every where canescently tomentose, procumbent, and diffusely branched; leaves linear, acute, with minute sphaceolous tips; fe- male florets about twenty-five; masculine five; fructiferous scales uncinate. Has. In inundated places near the Oregon and outlet of the Wahlamet. Nearly allied to P. globiferus, but with much narrower leaves, and none of the long arachnoid hairs of that species so conspicuous on the under side; the scales of the receptacle are also smaller. Psilocarphus *tenellus;ascending, slender and much branched, below smooth; leaves spathulate-linear, narrow; capituli mostly terminal, subtended by ap- proximating, canescently tomentose, spathulate-oblong, acute leaves; feminine florets about twenty-five; masculine about five; achenium minute, the scales - with uncinate tips. — ‘ " Has. Near St. Barbara, Upper California. Flowering in April. About two inches high, slen- derly and diffusely branched. Very distinct from the preceding, having very narrow, smooth leaves below, and almost an involuerum of broader caneseent leaves above. Flowers minute. ra Tribe IV —SENECI ONIDE AE. Division II].—SrupHtex. SILPHIUM. (Linn.) See ous ; stem terete, leaves alternate, cor- date-ovate, acuminate, semiamplexicaule, the lower ones subserrate; flowers few, corymbose, rays about thirty ; outer sepals ovate, the inner wide, ovate, obtuse; wing of the smooth achenium very wide, the awns confluent. Haz. Plains of Arkansa. Allied to S. @steriscus. Three or four feet high, leaves three or four inches long, by one and a half inches wide. Capitulum large, the larger sepals three-fourths Silphium * radula; exceedingly sca i of an inch wide. - “ Silphium * speciosum; stem terete, grooved, smooth and glaucous; capituli corymbose; leaves opposite, the uppermost alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, amplexicaule, the lower subserrate, above, as well as the outer sepals, lanceo- late, or ovate-lanceolate, the inner broad ovate, acute; rays about twenty-eight to thirty ; wing of the smooth achenium very wide, the awns confluent. Has. With the above, to which it is nearly allied, though distinct in the leaves being strictly opposite, the stem glaucous, &c. A very showy species, as large, or larger than the preceding. Silphium * lanceolatum; stem terete, above hirsute, somewhat scabrous; leaves opposite, lanceolate, acuminate, shortly petiolate, repandly dentate, vu.—4 L 342 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES above nearly entire and sessile; corymb few-flowered, contracted; outer sepals lanceolate, acute, the inner ovate; rays about twelve. . Near Millidgeville, Georgia. (Dr. Boykin, who favoured me with the specimen.) Leaves ee to four inches long, about an inch wide, much acuminated. Allied to S. Asteriscus. Silphium reniforme; radical leaves reniform-cordate, acute, repand, smooth, beneath very scabrous; stem naked, divaricate; sepals oval, obtuse, smooth’; rays about eight.—S. reniforme; Rartnesqur. Nearly allied to S. terebinthi- naceum, but with different leaves. BERLANDIERA. (Decand.) § I. *Siupuiastrvum. Discal florets sterile, with a simple clavate stigma. Achenium subelliptic, compressed, externally convex and angular, entire, at t the summit, and with- out winged margins or pappus. —Perennial, herbaceous plants of the south- _ More or less softly tomentose or lloas: leaves deeply toothed, or sinuately pinnatifid, alternate; capituli solitary or corymbose; liguli yel- low, pifid at the apex, externally puberulous, with a very short tube, about ten-nerved: with smooth, elongated, bifid, ligulate, obtuse stigmas. Ache- nium yillous on the inner side-—With the whole aspect of Silphium, but the achenium like that of Encelia compared with that of Helianthus. Berlandiera * longifolia; stem and peduncles lanuginous; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, dentate, shortly petiolate, beneath softly villous, not canescent; corymb contracted ; eapituli pedunculate; involucrum imbricated in nearly a simple series, the sepals ovate; rays eight.—Silphium reticulatum? Pursu, but nothing certain can be ascertained from his description. Has. On the plait of Red River, Arkansa; rare. About two fect high. Leaves three to four inches long, an inch and a e to two inches wide, rather coarsely toothed, acute, approximate. Sepals leafy, broad ovate. ys about eight. Peduncles and stem clothed with dense, long and ~~ soft hairs, but Not canescent or tomentose. Nearly allied to B. Texana. Berlandiera * pumila; stem and leaves beneath canescently tomentose; leaves short, Con crenate, sessile, somewhat obtuse; fastigiate branches and summit of the ae: peduncles long and naked; involucram i in two #: oe a - AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 343 series, the inner dilated, ovate, obtuse; rays about twelve, deeply bifid. — S27 phium pumilum; Mrcn. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL., p. 146. Eighteen inches to two feet high; leaves about as wide as Ist an inch to an inch and a half long, whitish beneath. Stem perfectly white and softly tomentose, the pubescence matted and appressed. Primary corymb about four or five-flowered, the pe- duncles naked, three to four inches long; several branches near the summit of the stem, and two or three from the base of the first corymb. Rays about twelve, twice as long as the disk, deeply bifid, with ten discoloured, longitudi- nal lines or nerves. Achenium at first villous at the summit, the tufts extend- ing like minute scales, but there appears to me no awns at any time, and the summit of the achenium is entire. Berlandiera tomentosa; stem low and simple, subdecumbent, not canescent, terminating in one, two, or few flowers, above es leaves petiolate, ene: ovate, and cordate-ovate, slenderly crenate, b | ays a eight, more than twice the length of the involucrum, slightly bifid ; involucrum in about two series, villous.—Silphium tomentosum; Pursu., Vol. II., p. 579. Has. West Florida, near Tallahasse. Flowering in March. Less than a foot high, very few leaves on the stem, (two or three,) though softly villous beneath, the leaves are strongly reticulated. Stem terminating in two or three flowers, Sometimes a lateral flower comes out at a later period. Achenium villous and entire, without any vestige of awn. Berlandiera subacaule; decumbent, stem very rere one or few-flowered, peduncles very long; leaves oblong, pinnatifidly lobed, obtuse, below attenu- ated, slightly hirsute, scabrous on the margin; involucrum puberulous, imbri- cated in about two series, inner sepals dilated and obtuse; rays about eight, not much longer than the disk, slightly bifid. Has. East Florida. About eight to ten inches high; fhe peduncle more than. a span long. Scales of the receptacle very narrow. Achenium villous internally, entire, sear back. Discal stigmas entire, minute; two inner palea adnate to the base of the ache which they secede. ENGLEMANNIA. (Gray. MSS.) Englemannia * pinnatifida. Has. The plains of Red River. Hirsute and scabrous, radical leaves bipinnatifid, eatin pin- natifid, semiamplexicaule, lower segments longest, linear-lanceolate, dentate, acute, the uppermost nearly entire and small. Stem tall, terete, considerably branched, scabrous; flowers s paniculate, numerous, corymbose. Scales of the involucrum diminishing im size to the peduncle; peduncle a 344 — DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES cone *, long and slender. Seales or sepals yellowish-white, rigid and cartilaginous, strongly ciliate, those which embrace the achenium subcarinate, and splitting at length in the centre down to the base; points of the scales abruptly terminating in narrow, bracteolate, leafy, hirsute, spreading points. Rays eight, about twice the length of the disk, mostly entire, the tube short and narrow. Stigmas of the ray long, ligulate, smooth, bifid. Achenium blackish, convex and strongly carinated on the back, oboval, scabrous and hairy towards the summit, without any vestige of winged margin, crowned by a minute cup, terminated on either side by two very small and hairy awns. Ache- nium falling off with the scale to which it is attached, and to each of which adheres two recepta- cular palea, with the stalk like rudiments of the male flowers. Division V.—AmBrosizz. (Decand.) Amprosia didentata. | | Has. Arkansa plains. The uppermost leaves frequently four-toothed on either side, near the base; male involucrum entire, six to eight flowered, with a projecting caudate segment. Ambrosia trifida. Has. Arkansa; in inundated places, Ambrosia * longistylis; scabrous, stem coppaieutiy) simple; leaves pinnatifid, segments oblong-linear, bractes entire; female flowers axillary, conglomerate, g styles, (about an inch;) fruit cornute, spiny at the sum- r toothed involucrum; the recepta- t; male flowers : about thirty, in a slight de at, paleaceous; cusps of the anthers filiform. Has. —e Mountains. ©. Allied to Franseria. a FRANSERIA. (Cavan.) 7 ia * bipinnati fida; x, herbaceous, decumbent and diffusely branched, canescent and sericeous; leaves bipinnatifid, ultimate segments linear, short, obtuse and confluent; ‘male calyx ten to twelve-cleft, many-flowered.—F. Che missonis, 3. bipinnatisecta? Lesstnc, Decanp., Vol. V., p. 524. Has. Sea-coast of Upper California, (St. Barbara, St. Diego, &c. ») common. Stem diffuse, eae in a circle of two or three feet, solid, but not woody, brownish. Male florets about ; fruit in clusters or racemes, very spiny and pungent, the involuerum pyramidal-ovate ; spines flat, often brown, or yellowish. Stigmas filiform, rather long and.acute. Anthers, (in the manner ~ the genus,) with filiformly acute tips. Franseria *pumila; 2, sericeously canescent, root creeping; stem erect; very low and short; leaves tripinnatifid, ultimate sezments short, linear-oblong, con- fluent; male calyx about five-cleft; spines of the fruit not exserted. AND GENERA OF PLANTS: 345 Has. Near St. Diego, Upper California. Not more than six inches high, very softly and co- piously pubescent; segments of the leaves crowded, Stem slender, simple, scarcely extending beyond the bosom of the radical leaves; male spike about two inches long;. involucrum about ten or twelve-flowered, five-toothed; receptacle with linear palea, pubescent at the tips. Franseria * discolor; 2, root creeping; leaves interruptedly Bipinnatifid, above nearly smooth, canescently and closely tomentose, segments subovate, acute, confluent in the wide ae stem short, with the lateral branohds de- cumbent. Has. In the Rocky Gi inisicd' near the Colorado. of the West. A very remarkable and dis- tinct, as well as elegant species. Stem about a span long, slightly pubescent; leaves on long pe- tioles, with a lanceolate outline, acute, about six inches long, white beneath, green above, the pin- natifid segments lanceolate, the rachis incisely toothed. Male florets rather numerous; receptacle with narrow, pubescent palea; involucrum about five or six-toothed; female flowers few, fruit spiny. Franseria * cuneifolia; %, softly sericeous and somewhat canescent; stem simple, decumbent, pilose; leaves cuneate-oval, dentate, long petiolate, thre to five-nerved at base; male florets very numerous, the scales hirsute at the tips; spines of the fruit rigid, sublanceolate; male involucrum ten to twelve-toothed. —F. Chamissonis? Lxessine, Decanp., Vol. V., p. 524. Has. Outlet of the Oregon, near the sea. A very remarkable species. Stem succulent, about two feet long, many from the same root; leaves about an inch wide, two and a half to three inches long, the peduncle as long as the leaf. Fruit axillary, crowded, and, as in F. & ipinnatifid glandular, with resinous atoms. Achenium large, — all the preceding = ese rte corolla is five-toothed. gent si § * AmBrosipiIum.—© Palea of the nineaied very y-sleuder and deciduous. 1a; O; scabrous, and somewhat canescent with appressed hairs; stem branching; | flowers paniculate, racemes lateral and terminal; leaves bipinnatifid, confluent towards the summit, segments oblong or subovate, ab- ruptly acute; involucrum five to eight-cleft, naked, about ten to ‘twenty-flow- ered ; fruit ovoid, thickly covered with long, smooth, flat spines. Has. In the Rocky Mountains, near the Colorado of the West. One to two feet high; stem scabrous, leaves softish to the touch, with closely appressed hairs; chaff of the involucrum decidu- ous, or wanting, rachis of the leaves wide. Franseria Hookeriana. Ambrosia acanthocarpa; Hook. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. L., p. 309. Dnieigamee from the preceding chiefly by the few linear a vil.—4 M ’ =~ 846 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES ments of the leaves, which are nearly smooth above, all of them linear, with the fruit lanceolate, acute, and having much fewer spines; there are only ves- tiges of palea on the receptacle; most part of the plant is clothed with sparse, white hairs, wholly absent in the preceding. Division VI.—Ivex. (Decand.) Iva cihata. Has. Arkansa. The old plant becomes extremely scabrous; achenia turgid, oboval. Iva axillaris; leaves mostly alternate, somewhat carnose, linear-oblong, or cuneate-oblong, obtuse, nearly smooth, one-nerved; capituli solitary, axillary, nutant; involucrum of about five nearly separate, ovate sepals. Hook. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. II., p- 309, t. 106. Has. On the borders of the Platte and Missouri. Iva * foliolosa; lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate and smaller, all, as well as the stem, more or less appressed pilose, three-nerved, lanceolate or ob- long-lanceolate, subacute; flowers towards the summit of the stem, solitary, ax- illary, nodding; involucrum campanulate, five-lobed. Has. On the Rocky Mountain plains. I, axillaris, 8., Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. IL., p. 309, Probably Pursh’s description i is made up of both these species, though on the Missouri I saw only the preceding, of which a specimen was communicated to the Lambertian Herbarium. The pre- sent plant has a very different leaf and involucrum, and often presents, as it were, a leafy spike, as mentioned by Hooker. Iva angustifolia. Has. Arkansa. Capitulum minute, about four-flowered, three masculine, one feminine. Flow- ers in a paniculated, leafy spike. Iva * microcephala; slender and virgately branched, very smooth; leaves nar- row linear, , almost filiform, entire and fleshy; capituli axillary, very small; se- pals out five, distinct; florets about six, three of them female. Has. In Florida. (Dr. Baldwin.) A remarkable species for the minuteness of its flowers and leaves, the latter about half an eos long, half a line wide. The capitulum not much larger than an ordinary pin’s head. ag § I. * Picrorvs. Flowers dioicous, one plant producing masculine flowers only with minute ru- diments of fruit, the other with monoecious capituli, the radial florets with- out coral the stigmas exserted, slender and filiform. Receptacle naked. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 847 é > pe Fes, ‘ Achenium oboval, compressed, but somewhat turgid.—Tall annuals with opposite, ovate, serrated leaves, hirsutely canescent beneath; the flowers in _ terminal, naked, spiked panicles; in the fertile plant the spikes are filiform and interrupted.—AImost intermediate with Ambrosia and Iva.—(The name from mmporys, bitterness; in allusion to the qualities of the plant.) Iva * paniculata. Has. In the Rocky Mountains, by streams, in alluvial wastes. A rather tall annual, with long, petiolated leaves; the stem simple, terminating in a naked, branching, pyramidal panicle of green- ish, inconspicuous flowers. Involucrum about five-leaved, obtuse; male capitulum about fifteen- flowered, with minute rudiments of female flowers; in the fertile capitulum the female flowers are about eight. Iva xanthafola; ©, ti lanceolate-ovate, serrate, acuminate, long petio- late, appressed pilose, and canescent beneath; capituli somewhat spiked; se- pals ovate, acuminate.—Nurr. Gen. Am., Vol. II., p. 185. Decanp., Vol. Y., p. 529. Nearly allied to the preceding. Division.—PARTHENIES. *BOLOPHYTA. Capituli many-flowered, heterogamous; rays feminine in one series, about five, ligulate, nearly tubular, very short, truncated and crenulate; radial florets tubular, five-toothed, masculine, with a simple stigma. Involucrum hemi- spherical, biserial, external scales ovate, a ‘suborbicular. Receptacle conic, paleaceous, the palea sheathing, wider and pubescent at the summits. Stigmas of the ray short, smooth and obtuse. Secinin compressed, some- what obcordate, with a cartilaginous margin, to which it is ingrafted on either side with the two anterior palee, and with which, and the contiguous scale of the involucrum, it is at length deciduous. Pappus none, the ache- nium crowned with the small, persisting ligula.—An alpine, cespitose, stem- less, small perennial, with a long, almost ligneous root, crowned with dense and numerous vestiges of former leaves, based by tufts of hairs; leaves spathu- late-linear, narrow and entire, canescent with appressed, strigose hairs; flow- ers Solitary, sessile, or short pedunculate, scarcely arising beyond the sum- DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES mit of the root, and hid among the leaves.—Nearly allied to Parthenium, | though of the most dissimilar habit, and perfectly distinct.—(The name from Bwados, a clod, and gutov, a plant; in allusion to the depressed and cespitose growth. ) Bolophyta alpina. Has. In the Rocky Mountain range; latitude about 42°, and seven thousand feet above the level ‘of the sea. On shelving rocks, on the summit of a lofty hill, near the place called the ‘« Three Butes”’ by the Canadians, towards the sources of the Platte. Flowering in June. Root fusiform, stout and very long, sending off several closely-matted crowns of leaves. Leaves about an inch or an inch.and a half high, scarcely a line wide, linear and acute, attenuated below, coming out in rosulate clusters, equally pilose on either side, without any visible vessels but the mid-rib, so that - the leaf appears nearly the same on either side. Capitulum sessile, or upon a very short and thick peduncle, somewhat larger than that of Parthenium integrifolium, but still very similar. Scales of the involucrum ten, five external, ciliate and pubescent at the summit; receptacular scales simi- lar but narrow, also pubescent at the tips, each enfolding a male floret, with the five-toothed sum- mit visible. Anthers dark brown, united, enclosing a very small style, with a simple, obtuse, searcely pubescent stigma. Radial florets ochroleucous;,-(as well as the discal) short and tubular, appearing truncate, the border a little spreading and slightly crenulate, with scarcely any anterior cleft. “Stigmas not exserted beyond the short ligula. Achenium black when ripe, with a whitish Parthenium integrifolium. Has, In Arkansa. Subtribe IL—HELIANTHE. (Less. Decand.) Division I.—Hetiorsipez. (Decand.) ZINNIA * grandiflora; x4? dwarf; leaves linear lanceolate, connate, scabrous on the margin; stem’ muc h branched from the base; rays (yellow) very large, orbicular-oval ; scales | ea rounded; palew fimbriate; diseal fruit with a single awn. Has. In the Rocky Mountains, towards Merete distinct and splendid species, appa- rently perennial. The only specimen I have (presented me by my friend, Dr. Torrey,) is scarcely more than five inches high; the stem somewhat hirsute; leaves about an inch long, two to three lines wide, three-nerv : below; branches one-flowered ; involuerum of about three series of di- lated, roundish seales: Rays yellow, orbicular, or widely oval, appearing cordate at base, and there plaited, three-fourths of an inch wide; style of the ray filiform, smooth, exserted, bifid, Disk apparently orange. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 349 BALSAMORHIZA. (Hooker, under Hetiopsis.) Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous; rays feminine, ligulate, in one series, with infertile filaments of stamens; discal florets hermaphrodite, tubular, the summit five-cleft, reflected. Involucrum imbricate in_two or three series, foliaceous, longer than the disk. Receptacle convex, the palea lanceolate, foliaceous, pungently acute, subcarinate, and embracing the fruit. Ache- nium subquadrangular, in the ray compressed, smooth, wholly naked, with a small epigynous disk. Stigmas filiform, hirsute, subobtuse —Low, robust, perennial herbs of the western alpine steppes, and plains of Oregon and Cali- fornia. Leaves entire, or pinnately dissected, nearly all radical. Stems scapoid, one or few-flowered, the lower pair of small leaves opposite; above alternate; capituli wholly yellow, resembling that of Helianthus. Nearly allied to Heliopsis, but without proper stems, and wholly dissimilar in habit. Root fusiform, stout, black, and very long, terebinthine, internally darkish. Used by the aborigines of the west as an article of diet, after subterraneous stoving, when it acquires a sweet flavor, like that of the parsnip. § I. EvpatsaMoruiza.—Leaves pinnatifid, scapes or stems one-flowered; rays ten to fourteen. Balsamorhiza Hookerii; softly and almost sericeously pubescent; leaves more or less bipinnatifid and incise, segments linear; involucrum subtriserial; sepals narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, loosely imbricate, external ones spreading. He- liopsis balsamorhiza; Hooker, Flor. Bor. Am., p. 310. Has. Plains of the Oregon, common. ‘Twelve to eighteen inctiel high. Summit of the cylin- dric, naked tap-root surrounded by long, brown, membranous bud sheathes. The root, when cut, exuding drops of a very limpid resin. : Balsamorhiza terebinthacea. Heliopsis terebinthacea; Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., p. 310. With this, if more.than a variety of the preceding, I am unacquainted. The leaves of the preceding vary sufficiently. Balsamorhiza * hirsuta; somewhat hirsute, not canescent; leaves all bipinna- tifid, except at thé summit; segments oblong, incise, margin very scabrous; vil.—4 N 350 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES scape hifoliate; capitulum large, subglobose, imbricated in about four series, lanuginous at base; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliate; root clad with persistent fibres. Has. Dry plains east of Walla-Walla, near the Blue Mountains, and in the Grand Ronde prai- rie. Nearly allied to the preceding, but with a very different pubescence; also a more robust and dwarf plant, with a much larger capitulum. I have not seen it in flower, only in seed. Leaves about afoot long, two to three inches wide, very lanuginous at the base of the petiole, which is very flat. Sepals nearly all equal, closely imbricated. Florets of the ray very numerous, Stigmas long and hirsute. Leaves green, not at all canescent and soft, as in the preceding. : Balsamorhiza *incana; canescently tomentose; scape scarcely longer than the leaves, bifoliate at base; leaves deeply pinnatifid ; segments oblong or ovate, entire or denticulate externally ; nvolucrum densely tomentose, bi or triseriate. Has. In the Rocky Mountains. About six to eight inches high. A beautiful and very showy species, with flowers as large as Inula Helenium, of a deep yellow, the whole herbage white with soft down, The leaflets oblique, often bilobed. Rays twelve to fourteen, with infertile fila- ments, as in the preceding species. Scales of the receptacle very short. Stigmas hirsute, filiform, and exserted. Balsamorhiza * macrophylla; smooth; scape about the length of the leaves, _ bifoliate at base; leaves deeply pinnatifid, confluent above; segments sublan- ceolate, acute, entire, or with one or two large teeth at base; involucrum about triserial; sepals lanceolate, the lower ones leafy and reflected; Eee nearly equal in length with the florets. Has. Towards the sources of the Colorado of the west, in the Rocky Mountains; rare. Re- markable for its large, smooth leaves, scabrous on the margin, and scattered with glandular atoms. Petioles very long, with the leaf near a foot in length, segments three inches long, half to three- fourths of an inch wide. § Il. * Arrorniza.—Leaves entire, deltoid.or cordate; involucrum very leafy at base; rays numerous. Receptacle fiat. Deena sagittata. Buphthalnum sagittatum? Porsn., Vol. i: p. 564. Espeletia sagittata; Nur. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 39. Canescently tomentose; stem low, about one to ‘eed sas radical leaves cordate-ovate, entire, somewhat three-nerved at base; cauline leaves linear, at- tenuated below; external leaves of the involucrum longer than the inner, spread- ing, lanceolate, densely tomentose; rays numerous, (twenty to twenty-four. ) - Has. In the Rocky Mountains, by Flat-Head River, towards the sources of the Oregon. Sie ae me eae ee oral bier. eR ea ae aN Team 8 AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 351 Flower large and showy, about three to four inches in diameter, while the scapoid stem is not more than a span high. Stigmas very hirsute, filiform. Rays feminine, with infertile filaments, Balsamorhiza helianthoides. Espeletia hehanthoides; Nutr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VII., p. 39. Certainly not congeneric with Humboldt’s genus. Allied closely to the preceding, but with a different pubescence and closely imbricated, lanceolate, acuminate sepals. Rays with infertile filaments, oom fifteen. Balmerhixa * deltoidea; slightly hirsute and puberulous; leaves deltoid-cor- date, acuminate, somewhat undulate; stem one to three-flowered, upper leaves alternate, linear-oblong ; sepals linear-lanceolate, the outermost longest and leafy, spreading; rays. twelve to twenty. : Has. Near the outlet of the Wahlamet, common, in wet, open places. Flowering in June. Much like an Helianthus, and nearly allied to the preceding, but not tomentose, wholly green, and the leaves more triangular, two to three inches across, four or five inches long, on very long pe- tioles. Stem leaves small, oblong, scarcely opposite, long petiolate. Rays with infertile filaments. WYETHIA. (Nourr., Journ. Acad. Philad., Vol. VIL, [1834.] ) Axarconia, Decand. in part. Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous; rays numerous, feminine, with rudi- ments of stamens, (filaments;) radial florets tubular, the summit five-cleft, revolute. Stigmas ligulate, filiform, hirsute on the under side, not conic at the apex. Involucrum hemispherical, foliaceous, loosely imbricated in two or three nearly equal series, longer than the disk, the inner leaves wider. Receptacle convex, paleaceous, the palea foliaceous, carinate, embracing the fruit. Achenium subquadrangular, striated or grooved, in the ray com- pressed. Pappus a small, cartilaginous, multifid, unequal crown, naked, or with one to four stout awns arising from the angles.—Dwarf or robust, He- lianthoid plants, with long tap roots, and simple, mostly one-flowered, leafy stems, the leaves large. Flower large, ray and disk yellow. Wyethia Hehanthoides; very dwarf, somewhat hirsute, one-flowered; stem leaves and sepals ciliate; leaves lanceolate, entire, scabrous on the margin, at- tenuated below into a petiole; outer sepals of the involucrum linear, the inner Pe tee iM Ret ara 352 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES lanceolate; pappus scales obtuse, with or without a single subulate awn; ache- nium grooved, hirsute at the summit; stigma slender. Has. In the Kamas plains, near Flat-Head River, towards the sources of the Columbia, and in the plains-near the Blue Mountains of Oregon. About a span high. Stem simple, one-flowered, smooth below, almost lanuginous at summit; sepals lanuginous and ciliate on and near the margin. Scales of the receptacle lanceolate, hirsute, pungent, nearly the length of the discal florets, some- times with a short tooth on either side. Achenium angular, but so much grooved as to appear nearly terete. Pappus variable, the multifid crown pubescent, of eight or ten unequal segments, always present; in others there is, besides, on one of the angles, a slender awn. Rays eighteen to twenty, entire, pale yellow, with infertile filaments. Wyethia * angustifolia; very dwarf, softly pubescent; stem one-flowered ; sepals pilose, ciliate, the outer broadest, lanceolate; leaves spathulate or spathu- late-lanceolate, entire; pappus scales acute, lacerate, with a single awn at one of the angles; achenium quadrangular, nearly even, smooth; stigma very long, flat and revolute. Alarconia angustifolia; DEcanp. l. c. Has. Round Monterrey, Upper California. A dwarf species like the last, with a dispropor- tionately large capitulum; the rays deep yellow, about twelve, distinctly three-toothed, with fila- ments of stamens. Stigmas remarkable for their length, ligulate, enjogth above, hirsute below with golden hair. Radial floret contracted at base. About a span high, lower part of the stem, near its base, — — Wyethia ‘epbbasia? somewhat scabrous and pubescent, pestichiatyy the base of the stem, which is one-flowered; leaves all lanceolate, acute, radical subser- rate, stem leaves sessile; sepals nearly all equal, lanceolate or Jinear-lanceolate, acute; achenium quadrangular, nearly even, with one to four unequal awns; stigma long and flat. : Has. Plains of the Oregon, near the confluence of the Wahlamet, common, in wet places. Flowering in June. Eighteen inches to two fect high; always with a single flower. Radical leaves a foot long, attenuatedy and very hairy on the petiole, as well as more or less so on the mid-rib, nearly entire, OF r ularly serrate, acute. Rays twelve to eighteen, twice as long as the sk, and exceedingly like. that of an Helianthus. Achenium sharply quadrangular, even, except a groove on one side, slightly pubescent at the summit; crown of pappus in eight or ten divisions, lacerate, often presenting from one to four awns, sic but not all of them on the angles, Re- ceptacle convex. Wyethia amplezicaulis; smooth, shining, and sneak glutinous; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or subserrulate, cauline ones amplexicaule; stem three to five-flowered, flowers — and terminal, pedunculate; sepals broad ovate ; a. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 353 achenium subquadrangular or triangular, grooved ; pappus acute, one or two of the segments carried out into awns. Lspeletia amplezxicaulis; Nurr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 38. _ Has. In the Rocky Mountains. Flowering in June. Since publishing an aecount of this plant in the seventh volume of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, I have, myself, met with it in the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Platte, from which speci- mens I find that, though differing some in habit, it belongs to the genus Wyethia. Stem some- times two or more feet high, robust, and very smooth even to the margin of the leaf; the lower, or radical leaves, at length coriaceous, attain a foot in length, are attenuated below, and, though ofien entire, are sometimes serrulate; lower stem leaves sessile, the upper semiamplexicaule; flowers in a sort of short, approximating raceme; sepals very broad; rays ten to fifteen; achenia and palea smooth. Stigmas slender, hirsute externally. § I. Anargonta. Pappus without ann. Wyethia Helenioides. Alarconia Helenioides, Decanys Vol. V., p. 587. Col- lected in Upper California, by Douglas. Nearly allied to W. Cali ifornica, but evi- dently a much larger plant. Ons.—The leaves of all the species are alternate. HELIOPSIS. (Persoon.) Capitulum many-flowered, heterogamous; rays ligulate, feminine, in one series; florets of the disk hermaphrodite, tubular, five-toothed. Stigmas slender, filiform, pubescent at the summit, and terminating in a smooth, acute cone. Involucrum somewhat biserial, shorter than the disk; sepals foliaceous at the summit, Saplagines; closely imbricated and coalescent below. Recep- nalea membranaceous, embracing, much shorter than the florets. Achenium quadrangular, smooth, without pappus, but with a raised border, and a small, epigynous disk.—Tall perennial herbs of North America, with | ovate, opposite, petiolate, dentate leaves. maa solitary, pedunculate flowers yellow, with elongated rays. Hehopsts scabra. . : Has. Arkansa; common. With the stem sometimes nearly smooth. Heliopsis * gracilis; smooth, leaves oblong-ovate, at either end acuminate, in- cisely serrate; peduncles very long and slender; involucrum subsquarrose ; sepals lanceolate, pubescent on the margin. vil.—4 0 ees <— DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES © 5 Has. In See (Dr. Juet.) Flowers pale yellow ggappall..” P Nearly allied to H. lacs: but as. digtines scabra, and differing from both in n the involuerum. " « ead Pres : os se Division Rupseckiea. ae € eh } er wae cali pallida. - E. angustifolia; DEcanp., Vol. v, p. 554. Rubee pallida; Norr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. Wire Dp. te "yp Hat, In Arkeneag: Flowers pale rose, Simosiiwhite. Behinacet atrorubens. Rudbeckia atrorubens; Now in n Jot ourn. ese Philad., Vol. ES es 80. s les: a es Echinacea * aa fiveate. but not canescent; stem mostly enédowered, scabrous below, smooth above, sometimes branching from near the base; radi- cal leaves elliptic, the rest lanceolate, acute, petiolate, mostly entire; flower very long pedunculate ; “pa OT a ae reyes narrow and.dependent, ohare biden tate. tinet ‘speciés, with) rays narrower and d md = ye * strigosa; 2. reeks: somewhat toiled above, egecting from below, the ore ne! > sul ay Je, below oblong st aaa wy strigose with appressed hairs, and somewha : Mipereous; 1 peduncles el . ) ge “oblor nelancelate; . Has. Alabama. or J Fret ) & sSthponeat 4 cies, almost hoary with a btbae clothing of softish, appressed, and rather long hairs; the serratures minute, except < on. the lowest, leaves. Allied to R. hirta and to R. mollis, of Elliott, but the rays a are broad a eight. = . the 2° ape ma = obtuse. gi tire, very oa and large, radical ovate petiolate : bust and glavcons ver ey tall; ; Jeaves all en : ae Repbericgint not conic, About two feet high; the naked part of the stem, -_—* about | ‘two-thirds the whole length. — » a aie a ' - 3 _ AND GENERA OF ‘PLANTS. 355 abruptl rs paler aie: upper of, broad ovate, amplexicaule; stem Shot or -few-flowered ; ; peduncle very long, s ‘sulcate; rays reflected, numerous, (fifteen to twenty ;) disk columnar. June. A gigantic plant, growing in extensive masses, with large, glaucous, somewhat cor us leaves, but little inferior in. size to those of the Cabbage, in its wild state. Leaves somewhat oval, three to four inches wide, except the upper ones, which diminish to a 7 part the size of the . lower ones: its whole aspect and clas sping |e leaves appear very similar to that of Dracopis. Six to _ nine feet high! and all the parts (the flower not excepted) of the same gigantic dimensions, al- though growing in a poor and exhausted soil. Rays oblong, nearly entire; discal column one and F a half to two inches long, three-fourths of an inch wide. Pale oblong, sheathing. Leaves of the involucrum in nearly a simple series, foliaceous. ' * rie nadie pric petisc alle ec to be almost am aucapnle Rudbeckia. The O. pin ad ‘ki . a mag tata, if, indeed, the latter be any thing more ‘than a ; ae of Rv laciniata. The distinguishing character of a compressed achenium i is merely ee and glides me into the unequal qeadeatguiar one. Pies! ; RW Rays i ta te a cee conte. ed, 1e S ease lobed, scabrous. ‘on the nost sessile, lanceolate, entire; flowers few, long sk conic; sepals Sener imines in nearly Se ee er ee pedunculate, without rays; a single series. Has. Rocky Mountains and woods of the Oregon, particularly in the Blue Mountain range, by small streams. Allied to R. laciniata, of which it has almost the 1ium- | and palee. _ About three feet high. Leaves four to six inches long, much acuminated, F upper sometimes irregu- larly two-lobed, two to three inches wide, attenuated below, but ane Disk dark i paler linear, Sheathing, eee obtuse ; stege quadrangular. The only western species we have ore ee i ie Ss ; a a usi n iG ihe wilt he reyes ‘ +t From cine. without Bis in ea. oP Cal ° pen plains of Red River, near the confluence of the Kiamesha. ate ta ee * aes ¥ < 2 : #Y 356. DE ae OF NEW SPECIES ; a i Ane = . ey a as gt > _ ? . : ; ay ECHIN Q N tt » RIA. re: ae = ey + somtehorl R aides h Tey ‘ amous or adorei: rays _* ellow, ) spreading, rather short, (about eight;) discal florets herma- , with: the border five-cleft, the tube contracted, shorter than the bor~ AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 409 Senecio * rapifolius; smooth ; Stem nearly erect, angular and striated, leaty ; leaves spathulate-obovate, acute, the radical ones petiolate, cauline amplexi- caule, the uppermost lanceolate or ovate, ail sharply and unequally dentate, the base sometimes runcinate ; corymb paniculate; involucrum cylindric, small, about fifteen-flowered; sepals linear-lanceolate, about eight to ten; pedicels bracteolate to their summits; achenium smooth and angularly striated; pappus shorter than the florets. Has. Towards the Rocky Mountains, along the upper branches of the Platte. Allied in habit and affinity to §. cacaliaster, which is also sometimes without rays. Oss. The root tuberous, stout and perennial. Many stems from the same radical crown, somewhat decumbent, about a foot high, every where quite smooth and shining. The leaves very much like those of Sonchus oleraceus, sharply toothed, their outline pretty much that of Brassica rapa, inclining to be lobed or incise near the base, four or five inches long, by two or three wide; the lower leaves of the stem with broadly alated petioles; upper part of the stem branching, the branches all corym- biferous; umbellets with three to five or six capituli; the pedicels with several subulate bractes, a few of which also approach the base of the involuerum; sepals membranous on the margin, a little pubescent, but not sphaceolous at the tips.—(In my herbarium this species was first marked by the name of S, * argutus, which I have changed for the present, as more applicable.) t + Capituh radiate. Senecio *Andinus; smooth; stem erect, angular and grooved, very leafy; leaves elongated, linear-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrulate, corymb compound, paniculate; pedicels long, bracteolate, smooth; involucrum turbinate-cylindric, of twelve to fifteen sepals, sphacelate at the tips; bractes beneath the involu- erum rather numerous, subulate; flosculi about twenty; rays six to eight, about the length of the involucrum; achenium smooth, pappus as long as the florets. Has. In the valleys of the highest of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, at an elevation of about six thousand feet above the level of the sea. Flowering in July. Very nearly allied to S. sarracenicus, which extends to the Altaic Mountains. About a foot high, and full of leaves, three to five inches long, by half to three quarters of an inch wide; the corymb often very irregular, made up of many slender, fastigiate flowering branchlets; the flowers small. ia Senecio integerrimus, (Nutr. Gen. Am. and Decanp., Vol. V., p. 432.) Has. On the plains of the Platte, towards the Rocky Mountains, My specimens differ some- what from those of the Missouri, in not affecting wet places; the upper part of the stem in these is occasionally sprinkled with a few soft hairs. The stem twelve to eighteen inches high, nearly terete, and simple; the lower and radical leaves frequently oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, sometimes denticulate, the stem leaves narrow-lanceolate, amplexicaule, acute, or acuminate, ‘diminishing so rapidly upwards as to give the stem much the appearance of a scape. Cory ) small @ d con- vil.—5 Cc 410 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES tracted, five to eight or ten-flowered, the pedicels and involuerum bracteolate; sepals linear, acute, about twenty, often with dark purple sphaceolous points. Rays about eight. Pappus shorter than the lorets ; achenium smooth. Considerably allied to §, pratensis, but nearly smooth, also _ to the S. papposum. ‘There is a specimen very similar to our plant from Altai, sent to Dr. Schwei- nitz, but without any certain name. Fo Senecio * megacephalus; 2, stem low, densely lanuginous at base; leaves de- ciduously lanuginous, oblong-lanceolate, entire, cauline amplexicaule, linear- lanceolate, acute; corymb of three to five bracteolate, large capituli; involu- crum pubescent, of twenty to twenty-four linear, acute sepals, tipped with tufts of hairs; rays pale yellow, ten to twelve, scarcely as long as the involucrum; achenium smooth, with about ten striatures; dentures of the florets papillose. Has. On the plains of the Platte, towards the Rocky Mountains. Nearly allied to S. alpestris. About six to eight inches high; the leaves perfectly entire, more or less pubescent beneath, lower leaves with long petioles, Capituli very large, for the size of the plant, about as large as those of the common bur, (.4rctiwm lappa.) Senecio * fastigiatus; 2%, nearly smooth, or somewhat arachnoidly tomentose ; stem erect, simple, grooved, the summit compoundly corymbose and fastigiate ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire or distantly serrulate, acute, the radical long petiolate, cauline few, sessile, linear, attenuated below, the upper- most amplexicaule; branches of the corymb two or three-flowered, pedicels elongated, bracteolate; involucrum turbinate, nearly naked, sepals twelve to fifteen; rays oblong, nearly entire, about eight, longer than the involucrum; achenium smooth. Has. The plains of Oregon, near the Wahlamet. A tall, rather slender species, two to three or more feet high, with a running root. Lower leaves with their petioles more than a span long, not more than half to three quarters of an inch wide. Leaves of the stem very small and distant, giving the plant a remarkably naked appearance. Sepals yellowish, linear, and acuminate. Rays long, (often twice as long as the involucrum,) few, and bright yellow, linear-oblong, slightly toothed, attenuated below, and sometimes tubular. Tubular florets, about twenty, the teeth ovate, aente, nearly smooth, exserted beyond the pappus. A few irregular slender bractes beneath the involucram. 2 Senecio *exaltatus; 2%, more or less hirsute with white hairs; the radical leaves nearly smooth; stem tall, robust, nearly oe and grooved; lower leaves ee scsi: uneque long petiolate; bla es leaves small and eae ay aed sometimes deeply serrate; co: AND GENERA OF PLANTS. All panulate, sparingly bracteolate; sepals about fifteen, linear, carinate, not spha- celous; rays oblong, short, six to eight, about the length of the short involu- crum; achenium smooth; pappus much shorter than the florets. ee Has. The plains of Oregon, near the outlet of the Wahlamet. A remarkably tall and robust — species, from three to five feet high, above nearly naked and without a branch, except the F divisions of the corymb, which may contain from forty to fifty capituli, all in one fastigiate el r Involucrum brownish, short and rigid, the sepals with pubescent tips. Allied to S. lugens, but with smaller and more numerous capituli, and fewer rays, the upper stem leaves are also those which are most divided, instead of being entire. The stem and upper leaves are sometimes almost hoary with rough white hairs, never arachnoidly pubescent. Senecio * cordatus; 21, more or less hirsute, particularly the lower part of the stem ; stem tall and robust, subcylindric, and angularly grooved; corymb many- flowered, nearly simple; lower leaves cordate-ovate, nearly entire, or repandly serrulate, obtuse, long petiolate; stem leaves lanceolate, amplexicaule, serrate ; involucrum campanulate, rather small; sepals linear, carinate, about fifteen, with black, pubescent, sphacelous tips; rays five or six, oblong, about the length of the involucrum; achenium smooth, pappus a little shorter than the florets. Has. Alluvial situations in Oregon, near the outlet of the Wahlamet; rather rare. With the preceding: flowering in June. About two and a halfto three feet high. ‘The capituli comparatively small, twenty to thirty in a slightly divided corymb; pedicels and base of the involucrum sparingly bracteolate; involucrum smooth. The stem appearing naked from the sudden diminution of the leaves: the radical two to three inches broad, by three to four long, sometimes nearly entire, at other times very regularly crenate. Allied to the preceding, but with a smaller and nearly simple corymb, and the leaves at the base of the stem nearly as broad as long. Senecio *hydrophilus; 21, very smooth and robust, erect; stem cylindric, fistulous and grooved; leaves lanceolate, nearly entire, or repandly denticulate ; cauline amplexicaule, acuminate; capituli bracteolate, paniculate; branchlets subfastigiate, the corymbuli contracted, thyrsoid; involucrum small, subcam- panulate; sepals about twelve, linear-lanceolate; rays about six, narrow, shorter than the involucrum; achenium smooth; receptacle deeply alveolate, fim- brillate. Has. By the margins of ponds and springs in wet places, in the Rocky Mountains, by Ham’s Fork of the Colorado of the West. Leaves very smooth and rathet thick, very much like those of Solidago limonifolia. Stem about two feet high. The root presenting an abrupt crown with circles of thick fibres. Lower leaves narrowed below, with wide sheathing sal an inch to one and a half inches wide, the petiole six to seven inches long; stem leaves gra ually” Nese. pie ea ec ra AS: Al2 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES the inflorescence six to eight inches long, the lateral branches terminating in thyrsoid clusiers ; tubular florets twenty to thirty. Senecio * Purshianus; 1, softly and whitely tomentose, subceespitose ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire, cauline amplexicaule, lanceolate, incisely dentate at base ; ~ pe heel irregular, simple, few-flowered, the pedicels elongated, bracteo- late; rays about eight; sepals about twelve, linear-lanceolate; receptacle convex! achenium smooth, pentagonal, ten-striate; pappus as long as the florets. Czne- raria imtegrt gfola, Pursu, non WILLD. Senecio integrifolus, Nourr. Gen, Am., BE cxstsins (banks of the Platte,) also the’ banks of the Missouri. Allied to Z. siabadnaist but in that, besides other differences, the achenium is hirsutely ribbed. Nearly allied to S. canus, but with a different achenium, and stem leaves. Senecio subnudus; (DECAND., Vol. VL, p. 428;) or, smooth ; stem erect, simple, _with one capitulum; lower leaves long petiolate, cuneate-spathulate, obtuse, denticulate, cauline sessile, the upper sublanceolate, incisely dentate at base; upper part of the stem scapoid and nearly naked; capitulum subhemispherical, slightly bracteolate; sepals about twenty, acuminate; rays twelve to fifteen, longer than the involucrum; achenium smooth, pappus as long as the florets. Has. The Cascade Mountains on the Oregon; (the late Dr. Gairdener, from whom I received the only specimen I possess.) It appears to be somewhat allied to §. Cymbalaria of Pursh. Petiole longer than the leaf; the leaf less than an inch long, scarcely a quarter of an inch wide, the uppermost reduced to slender subulate bractes. Stem eight or nine inches high, and in all the specimens I saw with a solitary capitulum. 4 Senecio * Cymbalarioides; 2, very smooth, except the axils of the leaves, which are arachnoidly floccose; radical leaves cuneate-oval, very long vides serrate; ‘cauiline oblong, incisely serrate or subpinnatifid, narrowed below, the beng Ewepissceyle, oa ia leaves very smalls come simple, four to eee short, of fifteen acuminate, asietls ice daria apabs: rays saset eigh t, me oblong, longer than the involucrum; achenium smooth, angular, ten-striate; pappus as long as the florets. Has. In Oregon. Allied to 8. balsamitz, but with the radical leaves shorter, entire at the base, Peticles, and with the capituli larger and fewer. . Lower leaves about an inch long by rs of an inch wide, appearing short, oval, and are mostly cuneate and entire at base; pounle two oF three times as long as the leaf ; at the very base wis, is seen a tuft of loose floceose down; the leaves deh. 5 caved Ms . are? G28 a vet E ie run * ped Tm op ope" er wh te ryt a art ai AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 418 Senecio * Schweinitzianus; 2, smooth, stem grooved; lower and radical leaves long petiolate, cordate, obtuse, or acutely cordate-ovate, coarsely or sharply toothed, incise at base; cauline pinnatifid, auriculate and amplexicaule, the auricle deeply cleft; umbell loose and subcompound; pedicels very long and mostly naked; a few minute bractes under the base of the involucrum ; in- volucrum smooth, the sepals acuminate, about twenty; rays about twelve, longer than the disk; achenium smooth; pappus nearly as long as the florets. Has. In Arkansa, and, according to Schweinitz, in Carolina, marked 8S. Caroliniana in his herbarium, but not, apparently, the plant of Sprengel. About a foot anda half high, p verfectly except a slight down, in the axills of the radical leaves. Radical leaves with the petioles four or five inches long, the lamina of the leaf two to three inches long, by one and a half to two broad; umbell compound, with as many as twenty capituli. _2 Senecio * Plattensis; 2, somewhat pubescent; base of the stem arachnoidly “tomentose; leaves all pinnatifid, the radical petiolate, cauline amplexicaule, - lobes oblong, denticulate, the centre lobe sublanceolate; corymb nearly simple; involucrum subcampanulate, minutely bracteolate ; sepals about twenty, acute; rays usually twelve, oblong, a little longer than the short involucrum; ache- nium puberulous; pappus about the length of the florets. Has. In the Rocky Mountain range, and in Arkansa. About ten to fourteen inches high; stem simple, striated. Corymb nearly simple, with ten to twelve heads of flowers, pedicels one to two inches long, slightly bracteolate. The Arkansa specimen is taller and more slender, with the primary small radical leaves entire and smooth, the leaves more elongated, and less denticulate. The whole habit of the plant, as well as the flowers, are very similar to S. tomentosus, at least the smoother variety, bas. ie achenium is less pubescent. Senecio micas: ©, smooth, dichotomously branched from the base; leaves all pinnatifid, auriculately amplexicaule; the rachis wide, with few acute ° segments, segments of the upper leaves denticulate; branches few-flowered, fastigiate, pedicels elongated, naked, the stmmit beneath the campanulate in- volucrum minutely bracteolate; sepals about twenty, smooth and carinated, with acute, reflected, sphacelous tips; rays about. fifteen, oblong, longer than the involucrum; achenium cylindric, ten-ribbed, the ribs strigose ; pappus about the length of the florets. . Has. In Upper California, near St. Barbara. Flowering in May. A very distinct species, allied, though remotely, to S. Californicus. The capituli, though fastigiate, are not in a corymb, but terminate the forked branchlets. Flowers bright yellow. Stem much — six to eight VIL-O D 414 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES inches high, somewhat angular. Nearly allied to S. coronopifolius: may it not be a variety of that plant introduced by accident? It is not, however, glaucous. . Senecio * filifolius; 2, stem leaty, striated, and, as well as the leaves, arach- - noidly tomentose; leaves pseudopinnate, sessile, segments linear, almost fili- form, about two pair, the margin revolute; corymb few-flowered; involucrum smooth, minutely bracteolate, subcampanulate; the sepals obtusely carinate, acuminate, about twenty; rays few and revolute; ie ots hirsute, pappus copious, as long, or longer than the florets. : Has. The banks of the Missouri, towards the Rocky Mountains. With much the aspect of some of the species from the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves a good deal like those of 8. abrotanifolius, ‘but whitely tomentose, and divided into a very few simple besa about an inch long, and a quarter of a line wide. (I have seen but a single = speci _ CROCIDIUM. (Hooker. ) Capitalam cat radiate ; : apys feminine, in a single series, (eight to twelve.) Involucrum in one series, subimbricate, eight it to twelve-parted, the divisions ovate, somewhat spreading, at length reamed, the margins of the inner series membranaceous. Receptacle conic, elevatec ed, naked, mi- nutely: papillose. Branches of the stigma very short, lanceolate e, acuminate, slightly pubescent, not exserted, in the ray very short. Achenium subey- lindric, pentagonal, the intervals of the ridges densely squamellose at the summit, appearing almost like an external pappus. Pappus deciduous, bar- bellate, almost plumose, very white, and little more than the length of the _ achenium; the radial achenia wholly similar, (not compressed,) but without pappus.—A_ remarkably distinct genus, approaching more to the ANTHE- “MIpE# than the present group, but, in fact, a new type, and a = in each of the present orders. Has. On the shelving rocks of the Oregon, at the confluence of the Wahlamet; common. A y elegant but fugacious annual, six to eight inches high, sending‘up numerous.simple branches the base, each terminating in a single clear yellow flower. Radical leaves spathulate, incisely ‘indented, the abide small, linear, acuminate or subulate, sessile; pedicel very long, naked. ails of the feaves floccosely lanuginous. Involucrurh smooth and greenish. Rays oblong, nearly entire, twice as long as the involucrum. All parts of the capitulum, except the persisting invo- luerum, caducous. Border of the discal florets campanulate, deeply five-cleft, the divisions linear- AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 415 lanceolate. Stamens and stigmas not exserted, very short.—This plant appears to have no relation to Senecio. ‘The general appearance of the flower is moe like that of Chrysanthemum segetum. $: eh TE TRADYMIA. - alee wb ar -Capitulum homogamous, four-flowered. The involucrum of four biserial, foli- aceous, oblong, obtusely carinated sepals, the inner membranaceous on the margins. Rece ) ta le naked and narrow. Corolla tubular, deeply five-cleft, the lobes linear. Branches of the stigma nearly terete, the apex obtuse and hirsute. Achenium turbinate, densely villous with simple hairs. Pappus — copious, in many series, the sete all equal, rather rigid and barbellate— Canescent, much branching, and sometimes spiny shrubs of the plains of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes. Leay ponte sessile, fasci- culate in the axills, entire and linear. Capituli in rminal fascicles or ra-_ cemes, “Same Flowers deep yellow. Teisallynise ditions. (Decanp.;) leaves mucronate; capituli racemose. Has. Oregon; (Douglas.) Ihave never seen this species, and think it more probable to be a native of California, or the Rocky Mountains. Certainly not along the plains of the north-west coast. Tetradymia * inermis; shrubby, much branched, and canescently tomentose; leaves oblong-linear, slightly acute, somewhat clustered; capituli in terminal clusters of three to five, upon short peduncles, the central ones often sessile. Has. On the dry barren plains of the Rocky Mountains; common, particularly near Lewis’ River, of the Shoshonee, but not in the plains of Oregon. A much branched shrub, two or three feet high, whitely canescent with a close soft tomentum, which is also spread over the branches; the branches studded with the cicatrices of former buds. Leaves about three-quarters of an inch long, often obtuse, slightly apiculated. Sepals oblong, obtusely_ carinated, connected at base. -Achenium thickly clad with long simple hairs, beneath which it is entirely hid; the pappus very copious and long, at length longer than the florets, becoming pale brown, the sete Eaner. slender, and all similar; at pee growing out to the length of half an inch. ae Tetradymia le eanescently tomentose, shrubby and ich trancit axills spinescent; leaves Hinear-oblong, obtuse or acute, clustered, at nearly smooth; capituli in terminal clusters, pedunculate. Has. With the above, on the dry plains of Lewis’ River, and on Ham’s Fork of the Colac of the West: common. Flowering in July. A very elegant and singular. ‘shrub, growing in tufts, 416 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES two or three feet high, in the manner of the Furze bush of Europe, (U/ex.) Spines half an inch to three-quarters of an inch long, sharp and somewhat curved. From under the flowering clusters come out often tomentose branches, entirely clad with alternate spines, in two rows, in the axills of which are formed buds, which afterwards produce leaves. Capituli on long peduncles; the sepals distinctly carinate, oblong-lanceolate, receptacle entirely naked. The leaves thinly tomentose, almost green. ‘The villous hairs of the ee shorter than in the preceding; bristles of the. pappus slender, and all similar. * LAGOTHAMNUS. Terrapymia, but with the capitulum five-flowered, the involucrum subcampa- _nulate, of five (or rarely six) flat, oblong sepals i in a single series. Recepta- cle naked, alveolate, dentate. Branches of the stigma subterete, obtuse, the wees part, as well as the summit, pubescent. Achenium oblong, thickly clad from the ‘base with long, slender, fastigiate, minutely serrulate hairs of ‘ae the same height with the true pappus, which consists of about twenty stout and rigid barbellated bristles—A decumbent, canescent, much branched, spiny shrub. _ Leaves clustered in the axills of preceding slender spines, en- tire, linear, minute, thick, almost acerose and smooth. Flowers solitary, axillary, terminating small branchlets; ‘the pedicels bracteolate, appearing, - from their situation above each other on the branch, to form a raceme; branches and inyolucrap white and densely tomentose. Tae name allities hing of the plant.) — 1US seater opty ts aa. On the seid plains of the Rocky Mountains, and near Lewis’ River, as well as Ham’s Fork of the Colorado of the West: common. Flowering in July and August. A much branched, spreading shrub, —" or Jane feet high, with the young shoots, as well as their spines, soft and ely tomentose. — clustered, oblong-linear, somewhat convex, perfectly smooth at all times, scarcely more than two lines long, by half a line wide. Capituli mostly nodding, numerous; the florets bright yellow and large, deeply cleft, with smooth, linear, acute segments. Cone of anthers exserted, the cusps linear and acute. Stigmas rather small, pubescent below as well as at the summit. Involucrum conic-campanulate, three of the divisions oval obtuse, two other smaller ‘ . Re: About tmenty of the bristles which immediately surround the floret are about as stout m | as in Te etradymia. The most singular part of the plant is the hes et og ‘ , the hairs of which are very slender, and as much serrulated as in the ru of Senecio, which they wholly resemble; they appear also nearly all of a length, and come up nearly even with the few bristles of the true pappus. _. AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 417 Lagothamnus * ambiguus; with the whole aspect and character of the pre- ceding, but with the divisions of the involucrum all obtuse; the false pappus of the sides of the achenium more copious, and the inner true pappus so slender as to be scarcely distinguishable. Has. With the above. . Appendix to Senectonipez. Subtribe MELAMPODINE. Division u. Mim.erirx? * PICROTHAMNUS. Capitulum monoicous, heterogamous, few-flowered; rays feminine, (three to five,) tubular, truncated, two or three-toothed; discal florets masculine, with abortive styles, (five to ten,) globose-ovate, five-toothed, teeth triangular, and, as well as the rays and achenium, copiously clothed with long flaccid hairs, the tube very slender. Receptacle naked, very small. Involucrum hemi- spherical, imbricate, about five-leaved, the leaves rounded. Style bifid, stigmas terete-cylindric, with a minutely pencillated summit, nearly smooth. Achenium obconic, turbinate, subcylindric, without pappus, sending off, up- wards, numerous long, tortuous hairs. Discal florets without any rudiments of fruit.—A low, much-branched, inelegant, spiny shrub, somewhat softly lanuginous. Leaves alternate, twice trifid. With the habit of an Artemisia; capituli’in short, leafy racemes, the rachis of which, at length, becomes a long spine. Florets pale yellow.—(The name from mpos, bitter, and Gayo, _ a bush; in allusion to its bitterness. ) . Picrothamnus * desertorum. - Has. Rocky Mountain plains, in arid deserts, towards the north sources of the Platte. Root woody, much branched and very long, covered with numerous fibrous vestiges of bark. Stem from four inches to a foot or more, woody and branehed from the base; the whole plant hirsute and grayish canescent. Leaves twice trifid, pseudopetiolate, the segments short, oblong, and Tt A plant of very doubtful affinity, allied in some respects to Clibadium, and therefore to the division Mittert®. It is also allied to the Ivem; but the tube of anthers are uni vil.—5 E 418 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Tribe V. CYNAREE. Subtribe CARDUINE. (Lessing.) - CARDUUS. (Gertner.) §. 1. *Leprocuzta.—Rays of the pappus slender and fen; anthers hisetose at base, the sete lacerate. Carduus *occidentals; 4, dwarf; leaves deeply pinnatifid, above nearly smooth, beneath canescently tomentose, segments subpalmate, ultimate divi- sions lanceolate, terminating in short spines, and spinosely serrulate; involu- erum subglobose, arachnoidly tomentose; divisions lanceolate, erect, termi- nating in stright spines, the innermost scariose, spineless and acuminate. Has. Round St. Barbara. Stem tomentose, six inches to a foot high. Leaves four or five inches long, about three-quarters to one and a quarter inches wide, with a lanceolate outline, softly tomentose beneath, the lower petiolate, cauline amplexicaule at the base, divisions somewhat palmate, in three or four unequal segments, the spines short. Capituli two or three, terminal, subsessile, pale purple; florets very slender, subringent or unequally cleft. Anthers distinetly bisetose and lacerate at base ; pappus scanty, more. slender than in most European Cardui; some- what scabrous, the whole habit of the plant similar to that of Circiwm discolor. The pubescence of the involucrum quite as remarkable as in the Cob-web Sempervivum, spreading from one scale to another in right lines. CIRCIUM. ( Tbitrnsteed Ozs. To the character of this genus I would add, that in all the species which I have examined, indigenous to America and the old world, the anthers are very distinctly caudate at base, with this appendage generally torn or cleft more or less deeply at the extremity. Erythrolena and Chamepeuce are, therefore, mere sections in the present genus, distinguished principally, and almost solely, by habit and the form of the involucrum. §. 1. Erioeris, (Cass., Decand.) ~ Circium * Hookerianum,; arachnoidly tomentose; stem nearly simple; radical leaves deeply sinuately pinnatifid, beneath canescently tomentose, the segments sublanceolate, unequally bifid, spiny at the points, and ciliately spinulose; stem leaves narrow lanceolate, slightly decurrent, rigidly spiny, the summit merely toothed, with the segments bifid and very short; capituli few, axillary and ter- AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 419 minal, subsessile; involucrum subglobose, densely and arachnoidly tomentose, the segments lanceolate, terminating in erect rigid spines, the inner series — merely acuminate; pappus conspicuously clavellate. Has. In Arctic America. (Hooker.) According to the specimen which he transmitted to the herbarium of the late Mr. Schweinitz, now in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, marked as ‘* Carduus discolor,” it appears to be also the C. discolor of the Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. L., p- 302. The specimen seems to be about sixteen inches high, - without a braneh, with one terminal flower, and three axillary buds: the involucrum would Slain be mistaken for that of C. lanceolatum ; the flowers are apparently pale purple: the stem leaves four to four and a half inches long, and less than three-quarters of an inch wide, excluding the spines, with a slender arachnoid deciduous pubescence above, and a white tomentum beneath; the radical leaves are more than a foot long, the lateral segments two to two and a half inches long, linear-sublanceolate, slenderly ciliate with minute spines. Florets unequally cleft, the segments narrow and glandularly thickened at the extremity, cauda of the anthers deeply lacerate. Pappus plumose, rather short, and bar- bellated. Circium Douglasit.. (Hoox.) Oss. This species, which I collected near Fort Vancouver, on the Oregon, is scarcely, if at all distinct from the C. undulatum. The flowers are unequally cleft, as usual, the segments linear and acute; cusps of the anthers linear and acuminate; the caudate process deeply lacerate in - several threads, the outer row of florets produce almost a simply barbellated, strong, rigid pappus, the inner florets a soft, plumose pappus, with slender cla- vellate tips. The capituli, when fully developed, are nearly naked and globu- lar. Flower pale purple. The leaves on both sides are white, more so be- neath, and very softly pubescent; they very much resemble those of the com- mon Artichoke. Circium * stenolepidum; stem branching, naked above, and, as well as the upper surface of the leaves, somewhat pilose and hirsute; flowers fastigiate, somewhat corymbose; leaves deeply pinnatifid, sublanceolate, beneath tomen- tose, segments deeply and almost equally bifid, spinosely ciliate and spinose at the points, somewhat decurrent and amplexicaule at base; capitulum nearly naked, slightly arachnoid, tomentose; divisions of the involucrum very long and linear, terminating in short, continuous, erect spines, the inner series much acuminated and unarmed. : Has. In the plains of Oregon. A tall and stout species, with the leaves somewhat resembling those of C. discolor. Capituli large and globular, somewhat clustered or corymbose, the branches fastigiate, sometimes producing two capituli. Flowers purplish, very remarkable for the narrow- ness and great length of the sepals, which are nearly an inch long, and less than half a line wide, 420 : DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES except the base, the fotm linear-lanceolate, with very long points, all nearly attaining the same common height. Pappus plumose, as usual, and clavellate; the florets unequally cleft, and the anthers caudate at base.—Nearly allied to C. remotifolium. Circium * canescens; 2, dwarf and slender, canescently tomentose; leaves lanceolate, decurrent, pinnatifid, undulated segments oblong, bifid, spinescent, and with spiny serratures; capituli few, (three to five,) conglomerate, sessile; - involucrum slightly pubescent, the scales lanceolate, with rigid, erect spines. Has. In the arid deserts of the Platte. The root creeping as in C. arvense. Stem about eight to ten inches high, and, as well as the leaves, arachnoidly tomentose and canescent. Leaves three or four inches long, about an inch wide, nearly white on both sides, most so beneath, decurrent, with narrow spiny margins. Flowers few; the capitulum somewhat hemispherical, the spines stout and rather broad. Florets pale rose, unequally cleft. Anthers caudate at base, and lacerate. Pappus plumose and slenderly thickened above. Circium * edule; annual or biennial, nearly smooth; stem pubescent, angular and grooved; leaves lanceolate, amplexicaule, moderately pinnatifid, segments obtuse, almost equally two-lobed, spinescent and spinulosely ciliate; capituli terminal, conglomerate, sessile, by three and five together ; involucrum subglo- bose, arachnoidly ere: the scales a terminating in short, erect spines. — = — of Oregon and the Blue Modkitsinn common. + Ties to four feet high, robust CU a purple, nearly the size of those of C. lanceolatum, growing in lateral and terminal eluctor in qually cleft, anthers caudate, appendage lacerate; cusps of the anthers lanceolate, Sisiinite: as in all the preceding, pilose and hirsute. Pappus plumose. Allied to C. The young stems, stripped of their bark, are commonly eaten raw by the aborigines, and have a somewhat pleasant and sweetish taste. Circium *scariosum; 24! dwarf and robust; stem and mid-rib of the leaves above and beneath softly and copiously pilose; leaves narrow lanceolate, be- neath whitely tomentose, amplexicaule, pinnatifid, sezments lanceolate, termi- nated and ciliated with long spines, uppermost leaves and bractes linear, very spiny; capituli conglomerate, sessile, roundish; involucrum somewhat arach- noidly tomentose, the scales lanceolate and acuminated with rather slender spines, inner scales terminating in scariose, lanceolate, fimbriate, reflected points. Has. The plains of the Rocky Mountains. Stem stout, about nine inches or a foot high, leafy: the leaves about half an inch to an inch wide, and four to six inches long, the segments of the stem leaves very short, ending in long spines; capituli three to five; two or three series of inner, seariosely appendaged scales. Corolla unequally cleft, ringent; anthers lacerately caudate; pappus AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 421 plumose; achenium smooth andeven. ‘The inner divisions of the involucrum, and, in fact, the whole aspect of our plant is very similar to that of Echenais carlinoides, which is also a true Circium, without any vestige of generic character, or even habit, to separate it; for, on examining the fruit when mature, I find it smooth and even, without any striatures whatever. Circium * megacanthum; glabrous, robust and gigantic; capituli round, ag- gregated in clusters towards the summit of the stem; leaves deeply pinnatifid and somewhat decurrent, segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, terminating in stout spines nearly their length, the margin ciliate-serrate; capituli bracteo- late, involucrate, the bractes and upper leaves exceedingly spiny; scales of the involucrum lanceolate, acuminate, erect, acicularly terminated; pappus very long. Has. On the banks of the Misaliatipi.' in the vicinity of New Orleans. Found by Mr. Litile and myself. Its measurements, according to Mr. Little, are three to six feet high. Stem two inches in diameter, at base; the largess seedy one foot four inches long: (a specimen from the Bayou Road.) The] hnoid along the mid-rib. The larger spines are nearly an inch long, and as stout as ecévee saeteg needles. The clusters of capituli may be from ten to twenty, about three inches wide, when largest; the sepals terminated with mere acicular points. Pappus plumose, near one and a quarter inches long, white; tube of the floret twice as long as the nearly equal border; anthers caudate, the appendage deeply cleft; cusps acuminate, Resembles at first glance C. spinosissimum, but it is much larger, and wholly distinct. The seg- ments of the leaves are long and narrow. One of the most terribly armed plants in the genus. §. vi. ONOTROPHE. (Cassini.) Circium *brevifolium; stem slender, subterete, and, as well as the under surface of the leaves, whitely tomentose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, amplexi- caule, sinuately pinnatifid, with shallow, simple, or bifid lobes, ending in spines and spinose serratures; involucrum ovate, naked; scales lanceolate, sh it smooth, terminating in small, erect spines. Has. In the Rocky Mountain plains. Allied to C. Virginianum; but the leaves more divided and far more tomentose, as well as the stem; the capitulum very similar. Stem terminating in two or three capituli. Florets ochroleucous, unequally cleft. Anthers lacerately caudate. Pappus plumose, with slender tips. Leaves about half an inch wide, two to three inches long, nearly smooth, and green above. 422 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Suborder I]. LABIATIFLORA. (Decanp.) Tribe VI. MUTISIACE. (Lxss.) Subtribe 1. Leriexz. (Less.) * CURSONIA. Capitulum heterogamous, radiate; liguli flat, with rudiments of stamina, trifid at the apex, externally tomentose, inner lip obsolete, or none. Discal florets - hermaphrodite, tubular, five-toothed, ringent, two of the dentures larger. An- thers in the discal florets caudate, the apex appendiculate. Stigma clavate, undivided, the branches adnate, that of the ray exserted and clavate. Invo- lucrum hemispherical, loosely imbricated, the segments linear-lanceolate, setosely acuminate, and rather rigid. Achenium subcylindric-conic, some- what sericeous. Pappus bristly and scabrous, in several series, and very unequal, five central bristles much larger and longer.—A small herbaceous plant of Peru, with alternate, lanceolate, denticulate leaves, tomentose be- neath. Pedicels elongated, terminal. Capitulum somewhat loosely tomen- tose. Florets apparently dark red or purple. Cursonia * Peruviana. me With the aspect of a Chaptalia, to which genus it is allied. Leaves approx- een towards the summit of the branch, about an inch long, and less than half an inch wide, lanceolate, acute, attenuated below into a winged petiole, or properly sessile, repandly denticulate and acute, beneath somewhat whitely tomentose, above slenderly arachnoid; pedicels nearly naked, two to two and a half inches long, with one or two subulate bractes. Sepals about two series, linear-lanceolate, arachnoidly tomentose, nearly all of equal height, acuminated with long, bristly, rather rigid points. Rays few, about a single series, as long as the involucrum, flat, linear and trifid at the apex, of a very dark purple, almost black. Pappus a little shorter than the florets. Discal florets also dark purple; caudal processes of the anthers long and very slender, simple. Recep- tacle apparently naked.—(Collected in the mountains of Peru by Mr. Curson, with many other interesting plants, after whom this genus is deservedly named. ) - AND GENERA OF PLANTS. | 423 POLYACHYRUS. (Lagasca.) Polyachyrus * glandulosus; summit of the stem and involucrum glandularly pubescent, outer scales acute and much larger than the rest, which are scariose and smooth; pappus of the outer flower shorter on one side; leaves amplexicaule, the uppermost subulate, glandular and entire; =. two- flowered. Has. In Peru. (Mr. Curson.) The specimen I possess is only a flowering fragment. The lower part of the stem is smooth; the leaves have been deciduous, and being wanting the form is unknown. The flowering cluster is three times as large as that of P. niveus (which Mr. Curson also collected in Peru,) the two outer scales lanceolate and acute, glandularly scabrous, the inner smaller scales are tipped with red; a large chaffy scale intervenes between the two flowers of the involucrum. Pappus long and yellowish white, in the outer flower shorter on one side. Ache- nium pubescent, more so in the floret, with long pappus. Flowers apparently white. ‘Stigmas bearded and truncate at the ‘summit, which is reflected. — Corolla and caudate anthers much as in P. niveus. ae — 424 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES Suborder III, LIGULIFLORA. Tribe VIII. CICHORACEA. (Vatu. Jussiev.) Subtribe 1. HyYosERIDES. (Lessing, Decand.) APOGON. (Hlhiott.) Surivat eee: ) Oxs. Involucrum - generally eightleayed, connivent in the fruit. Liguli about the length of the involucrum. - Apogon lyratum, (Nurrt.;) smooth and glaucous; cauline leaves dilated at the base, the lower and radical ones runcinate lyrate; pedicels two or three; pap- pus none; achenium smooth.—Serinia cespitosa? Rarinesqve, Flor. Lud., p. 149. Probably a dwarf state, as it is not cespitose. Has. The plains of Arkansa, Very nearly allied to 2. humilis, from which it principally differs in its lower lyrate leaves; segments about two pairs, upper leaves elongated linear-lanceolate, the ‘floral pair opposite. Involucrum eight-leaved. In 4. humilis, the summit of the pedicel, and base of the involucrum is often pubescent. *UROPAPPUS. e- ae (Section CatocaLais of Canais, Decand. in si Capitutom many-flowered. Involucrum ovate, loosely imbricate; sepals sub- lanceolate i in two or three series, the outer shorter. Receptacle naked, flat. " Florets about equal with the involuerum. Achenium subcylindric, minutely scabrous or muricate, striate, attenuated into a thick rostrum. Pappus of five linear-lanceolate, one-nerved pales, cleft at the summit, with a slender, somewhat scabrous awn issuing from the cleft—Smooth and rather slender annuals of Upper California, with long, linear, attenuated leaves, entire or pinnatifidly laciniate. Pedicels very long, scapiform, one-flowered. Flow- ers yellow. —(The name alludes to the singular setaceously caudate pappus. ) AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 425 §. 1. Canocazais, (Decand.)—Involucrum with the external series shorter and unequal. Fruit in all the florets similar, and with a long rostrum. Uropappus Lindleyi. Calais Lindleyi, Decanp. Prod., Vol. VIL, p. 85. Has. On the north-west coast of America. Uropappus linearifolius. Calais linearifolius, Decanp., Vol. VIL, p. 85. Exclude the synonym of aes Heel ? glaucum of Hooker, which appertains to the following genus. Has. This plant I have met with, both at St. Barbara, and St. Diego, Upper California. Oss. Leaves very long and narrow, linear, the lower often irregularly laciniate, or more or less pinnatifid, with slender segments. Flowers yellow and small. Pedicels six inches to a foot long; the stem frequently branched from the base. Pappus of a silvery whiteness, and very shining, the awn much shorter than the pales. Achenium black, tibbed, and transversely striate, but smooth, and with a longish rostrum ; the fruit all similar. — Sepals fro eight to twelve, with four or five other shorter external ones. fs é nae Uropappus * grandiflorus; leaves (as in the preceding) long and linear, the lower often laciniately pinnatifid, with filiform segments, the upper entire; at first often tomentosely ciliate at base; stem branching, pedicels very long; pin- volucrum of ten to fifteen leaves, the outer shorter; achenium slightly striate or lined, scabrous with minute hairs, and with a very long rostrum, . Has. With the above, which it wholly resembles, except in the larger capitu Tikes on very slender, scabrous achenium, and the shorter proportion of the bristles of the pappiis. Sepals, as in all the other species, eee and acuminate. §. 1. * Bracnycarpa.—Achenium somewhat attenuated, are voce trans- versely rugose; the fruit of the outer series (five or siz) hirsute, all deeply stri- ate; the bristles of the pappus as long as the scale. Uropappus + heterocarpus; stem short and few-flowered, often scapoid; leaves long and linear, at first a little hirsute; longer sepals about eight, ce: or four shorter. Has. St. Diego, Upper California. About half a foot high, with the leaves entire, Gente a line wide, attenuated at both ends; pedicel long, resembling a scape. Flowers pale yellow and small. Achenium long and cylindric, but not properly rostrate. Palee straw colour, the bristles distinctly scabrous, and about the same | Vil.—5 G 426 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES *SCORZONELLA. ; Capitulum many-flowered. Involucrum ovate, imbricate, the sepals acumi- nate, the outer, or those of all the series ovate, the margins membranaceous. Receptacle naked, alveolate. Achenium not rostrate, quadrangular, strongly and obtusely ten-ribbed. Pappus paleaceous, five to ten parted, united at base into a rigid cup, the segments short ovate, terminating in very long, slender awns. Style exserted, slender, filiform, the branches of the stigma ‘rather short.—Perennial herbs of Oregon, with fusiform, tuberous roots, and sheathing, slenderly pinnatifid, smooth leaves; pedicels very long, naked and scapoid. Flowers yellow, the liguli longer than the involucrum, the apex five-toothed. (The name alludes to the general aspect of Scorzonera.) Al-° lied, though somewhat remotely, to Calais, from which they differ wholly in habit and duration, having large, conspicuous flowers, like those of Scorzo- nera; the achenium is also truncate and strongly angular. Scorzonella laciniata; leaves deeply pinnatifid, with entire, narrow segments; ote all broad ovate, acuminate, in about three series; segments of the pap- pus ovate, the awn scarcely scabrous. Hymenonema? laciniatum, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. L., p. 301. | Has. On the plains of the Oregon, near the outlet of the Wahlamet. ‘Twelve to sixteen inches high; the pedicel often eight inches to a foot long, a little enlarged beneath the involucrum. Stem bearing one to three or more flowers. Segments of the leaves often as slender as threads, and very long. -Florets very numerous, nearly as much so as in the common Dandelion, of a bright pa yellow; sepals very much acuminated. Achenium light brown, a little scabrous towards the summit. Root tap-shaped, nearly like that of Salsafy. _ Scorzonella * ; leaves, as in the preceding, sient divided; in- volucrum with the sepals j in two series, the outer about five-leaved, ovate; the inner pea lanceolate, acuminate; segments of the pappus a ate, with scabrous awns; achenium wholly smooth. His. With the above, and scarcely distinguishable from it, exeept by the ete, ep *) " Scorzonell glauca. Hymenonema? glaucum, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Ait Vol. L., p. 300. With this plant I am unacquainted. _AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 427 KRIGIA. (Schreber.) Krigia occidentalis, (Nurr. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL. p. 104;) leaves mostly lyrate, with slender segments; scapes glandularly pubes- cent; sepals five to eight, lanceolate, carinate, somewhat obtuse ; sa zt the pappus scarcely the length of the scales. Has. Arkansa. Annual, as usual, and so similar to K. virginica, that I at first Desaibarea it the same ; but the specific characters given are constant, and prove it very distinct. In K. virginica, the sepals are flat, linear-lanceolate, and acuminate, and the awns of the achenium are ——- times longer than the scales. Krigia dichotoma, (Nutt.) is nothing more than an advanced state of growth of K. virginica. Subtribe vi. ScorzonErEs&. (Lessing.) _*STEPHANOMERIA. Capitulum subcylindric, three or five-flowered. Involucrum three to five- leaved; sepals linear-oblong, imbricate, one-nerved, with a caliculum of a few shortish, unequal scales. Receptacle naked, scrobiculate. Achenium : oblong, obtusely five-ribbed or pentangular, transversely rugose, the summit truncated. Pappus of ten to twenty-four thick, closely plumose rays, sepa- rate, or connected together at the base by pairs.—Perennial, tuberous-rooted, or annual, herbaceous plants, very much branched, above nearly leafless, the lower leaves linear, or runcinate-pinnatifid. Capituli terminal; the flowers pale rose-red. Nearly allied, both in habit and character, to Es sagt but differing in the pappus and achenium. STEPHANOMERIA minor; 2%, smooth, and much branched from the base, branches obscurely striate; leaves entire, linear-subulate; achenium subrugu- lose, with five obtuse, carinated ribs; pappus of twenty to twenty-four rays. Lygodesmia minor, Hoox. Flor. Bor. Am., Vol. I., p. 295, tab. 103, fig. A. Has. On the plains and hills of the Oregon. About a foot high, flowering only at the summit; flowers small, pale rose-red ; caliculum of about five, small, ovate scales. ‘Pappus white. Stephanomeria * heterophylla; 2, radical leaves oblong, runcinately toothed or pinnatifid, subhirsute, as well as the lower part of the stem; upper leaves 428 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES linear-subulate, minute; stem much branched, erect or flexuous; flowers soli- tary, terminal; scales of the caliculum lanceolate, acute. Has. On the borders of Big Sandy creek, a rivulet of the Colorado of the West. A low species, about a span high, with a large tortuous root; the upper leaves reduced to mere scales. Sepals lanceolate. Stem scarcely striated. Stephanomeria * runcinata; 2, radical, and often the stem leaves runcinate- pinnatifid, more or less pubescent, the lower part of the stem scabrous; upper leaves linear; branches short and somewhat spreading, one-flowered; involu- crum six-leaved, six-flowered; sepals linear-oblong; pappus white, of about twenty rays; achenium nearly even. Haz. With the above, which it nearly resembles, but has larger capituli, shorter Liaies, and generally more of the runcinate leaves. Flowers, as in the preceding, rose-red. Height about seven or eight inches. Pappus white and rather long. Infertile branches clad to the summit with leaves, which are more deeply runcinate-pinnatifid as they approach the extremity. T Annual Spenies, divaricately branched; achenium pentangular, transversely ru- gose, obscurely ribbed. | Stephanomeria hale Q! smooth and glaucous; stem tall, stout and erect, cylindric and stria , virgately branched; flowering branches short and axillary; somewhat “paniculate or virgate; leaves linear, dentate or sagittate at the base; segments of the caliculum or bractes oblong and small; pappus Bray, of about fifteen to twenty rays. Has. On the Rocky Mountain plains, towards the Colorado. Stem rigid and stout, two or more feet high, virgately branched. Pedicels very short and leafy, axillar. Flowers very small, pink red, and pale. The leaves and involucrum are frequently incrusted with clear drops, of a very bitter resin, — BAcheniam Reerodionregs linear, transversely rugose, and pentaaanee the ribs de- pressed, ; z __ Stephanomerra Sains: ©, glaucous and smooth; branches divaricate, very Needer and numerous; radical leaves runcinate-pinnatifid; the cauline resem- bling mere scales; flowers lateral and terminal, on long bracteolate branchlets: a snvorecnm three to four-leaved, three to four-flowered; pappus white, of fifteen ak teen rays. ea With the preceding. With divaricate, and almost capillary branchlets; scales of the caliculam about three, lanceolate, minute. Flowers pale red, and small. Achenium pentangular, with acute angles, and transversely rugose sutures. Minute leaves, often denticulate at the base. Pappus wie smal} intercallary simple hairs. * AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 429 : . * RAFINESQUIA. Capitulum many-flowered. Involucrum subcylindric-conic, caliculate; sepals equal in length, imbricated in about two series, linear and acuminate. Re- ceptacle naked, puncticulate. Achenia subterete, subulate, scarcely striate, somewhat rugose, terminating i in a long, filiform rostrum; the external series pubescent. Pappus plumose, i in several series.—An annual, much-branched, tall, smooth herb of Upper California, with the € aspect of a Sonchus. Leaves amplexicaule, runcinate-lyrate, flowers in loose corymbs; the branches mi- crophyllus; caliculum rather short and spreading, the segments linear-subu- late. Flowers small, white, externally dark purple in the centre of the —diguli. Allied pe to CO Nha bas ery. distinct i in habit.—( Dedi- cated to the me Imost in: times an accurate obser eR but lies unfortunate monomania was that of giving innumerable names to all objects of nature, and particularly to plants.) Rafinesqua Californica. Has. Near the sea-coast, in the vicinity of St. Diego, Upper California. An annual growing to the height of two or three feet, and nearly erect. Stem terete , and Purp somewhat divaricately branched, branches fastigiate, tending to a corymb at t ‘aves more or less deeply and runcinately pinnatifid, amplexicaule, lanceolate, and acute Floral branches with minute reflected PEN Involucrum rather long, at first almost eylindsie; but quickly enlarging at the base, t ic in the manner of the Sow Thistle. Sepals twelve to ae 3 all of the same height, but in two series, with membranous margins; the calieulum squarrose an short. Florets very fugacious : and small, only opening for a few hours, and but little exserted, toothed at the apex. The outer row of achenia pubescent, with short appressed | hairs, all somewhat rugulose, attenuated into a rostrum about one and a half times its length, and slenderly filiform; the crown of pappus - copious, and softly ae the rays fragile. I have had this plant in vies sc in Jawai but itis now lost é re Subtribe vi. Lactucrz. (Lessing., Decand.) : = Oxzs. Achenium linear ob and internally grooved. vil.—9d H 4 A gtate, somewhat pubescent, in - oe Subgenus * Krwarteti: + Achenia Se. deco lc mith» narrow ese : 430 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES _ Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus. Borkhausia grandiflora, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., Vol. VIL, p. 69. Pyrrhopappus scaposus, Decand. Prod., Vol. VIL, p. 144. ee achenium, seen in a young Btate, exhibits a short ros- trum. __ Has. In the plains of, Pet (Dr. Pitcher;) also in Mexico, (Berlandier.) Pyryhopappus Capobrsanus 8. * maximus; smooth, leaves for the most part laciniately pinnatifid, acuminate; capitulum very many-flowered. Has. In Arkansa. T'wo to three feet high; the root apparently perennial; the lower leaves a foot long, with divaricate, linear Mal — of the — —— twice its length. The pappus decidedly simple, not in the lea th Sepals with Adateral, obtuse tooth at the | it, as in the site nas eantaa of the stigma short, ‘rather obtuse, and pubescent. TARAXACUM. -(Haller.) Laraxacum * montanum; very smooth; leaves spathulate-oblong, nearly en- tire or runcinately toothed; scape smooth, much longer than the poayen cali- , Short and appressed, the scales ovate, or lancer seni Reanccous margins; sepals not corniculate, about twelve: AC henium spl- no, "y nlgticteeag at the summit, scarcely half the length of the rostrum. ‘On the banks of > Platte, i in ‘subsaline situations towards the Rocky Mountains, and in - Has. O the highest valleys of the Colorado of the West. Allied very nearly to 7. obovatum and 7. colli- num. Perennial. Leaves three or four i in e nel long, half to three-quarters of an inch wide, erect; here pinnatifid, mostly obtuse,. dbo teeth hallow and simple. Base of the stem, in in} only. Seape six to ten inches high, perfectly smooth: Flowers rather small. MACRORHYNCHUS. (Lessing.) Oss. “he genus ought probably to be ee to the © species with an alate winged acheniutn. } | alated, ten-ribbed, the mings undulated; the exterior series —— pag the interior smooth, @. ae -Capitulum Sens Aowened, Involucrum su AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 431 gated; stem very short, pedicels naked, scapoid, one-flowered; outer sepals rather shorter than the inner, somewhat smooth. Has. The plains of Oregon. An annual, from four or five inches to a foot high. Stem seapoid, ‘smooth, both linear-lan- ceolate. Corolla pale yellow, externally purplish, very fugacionligl Out he whole plant nearly resembles M. pterocarpus, for which it might readily be mistaken. “ee hid among the leaves; outer series of sepals slightly pubescent, the inner aa pubescent achenia larger, purple, the inner straw-yellow, with smooth and shallower ribs. *CRYPTOPLEURA. “2 REE ei, oe ulate, ee in a few series, the external shorter, pubescent and calieuliform. Receptacle naked. Liguli elongated. Achenium smooth, finesrSelong: compressed, obtuse, terminated by a very long ame betes BO inner series bearing ten 1 ee row, alated ribs; the outer serie: " obsolete lines; basilar are it p poid, sca 3 i, florets yellow, conspicuous, as in Thassos —(The name from nonchevks hidden, and a Re co “tea ec eee Se ice sy UL cee ai BES of ime Yorke Vo Gynareas : C2 ee fertner C180 tin Jaurne So rite We Mibisiaceae Kew, C- 28 VSIOWMtA blue SoG achy ri > ite VI SPIRES a pogo SLE a Vhrn, DAF? fpf hich ih is BGS wy a, Mtepharee Aer 4 Ae : a —_ : Spee tet 2c. Ae 7 a Se cepa alii P a iP NE a ae ee sis —f ae Ve : ZFS Malacorneri¢ 4iiOr- SIL gig tettm fon Ze ep? itty SPT (re MaorxcFe 630 | Silachench LPP: daa ASZ Mee On eS Cc ys cdh oy CIS- : Bore 2 ype Ca — LCfMOF CPD gen 2 fice fae - ROCCO COME? ZF oA — Wa Gee reem Coed 44 / pcan chee. Lie ZGe pias. Fel Od a oe ae <2 $ sea FluLF 3 eS oe . fete COMM ateet 4A O 4, ‘fs ey, - = 2,6? a Vc 44K A gree PN | ces 049 we: va i reohca Aa jue rothatla Le” CFS Sch yo a pohag Lam UA 453 RMR STORET _ AND GENERA OF PLANTS. 453 Islands, with diffusely trailing, oppositely branching, quadrangular stems, and opposite, pseudobipinnate leaves. Flowers yellow, usually terminal in threes, nearly sessile—(The name from oxta, to dissect, and pvaaror, a leaf; the leaves being remarkably dissected.) Schizophyllum * micranthum. Has. The island of Atooi, in shady woods, near Kolao. Af ial pl ith pr te or trailing branches, extending over two or three feet of surface. The whole sai sparing hy strigose, green. Leaves petiolate, deeply bipinnately dissected, the segments simple, cuneate-oblong, or two or three-lobed, the rachis set with small simple segments. Flowers small and very inconspicuous, terminal, on very short pedicels. Involucrum strigose, the leaves foliaceous, lanceolate, acute, very few, but imbricated, scarcely distinguishable from the palex of the receptacle. Rays two or three, pale yellow, oval, scarcely as long as the involucrum, with a smooth exserted style and stigma, and, as well as the florets of the disk, possessing a distinct tube. Anthers dark brown; teeth of the florets reflected. Achenium truncated and pubescent at the summit, the angles tubercular, the base also obtuse; tabescent achenia linear-obovate, also somewhat tubercular and quadrangular. Considerably allied to the preceding genus, but very distinct in habit, and almost wholly divested of pappus. vi.—5 o