FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA; OR, THE DIT ANY OF THE NORTHERN PARTS OF BRITISH AMERICA: COMPILED PRINCIPALLY FROM THE PLANTS COLLECTED BY Dr RICHARDSON & Mk DRUMMOND ON THE LATE NORTHERN EXPEDITIONS, UNDER COMMAND OF CAPTAIN SIR JOHN FRANKLIN, R.N. TE, ER TO WHICH ARE ADDED X (BY PERMISSION OF THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF LONDON;) THOSE OF Mr DOUGLAS, FROM NORTH-WEST AMERICA, AND OF OTHER NATURALISTS ; " H BY SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, KH, LL.D., ER; A, € L.S., MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY NATURE CURIOSORUM, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, ETC., ETC., AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, + ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS PLATES. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR COLONIAL AFFAIRS. E VOL. II. E 2 LONDON: HENRY G. BOHN, No. 4, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. WHBOOcOXLI. = 6 gr. id? nd eor BER AEA WK eye Y r t Së? dun " m IR TIRDI ad Zb vos AA Hooker (Sir William),Flora boreali- americana Vol. II. Part 7 in 1834, See—lasi—notw, The following dates are taken from the copy in the Library of the British Museum, as those when - the respective parts were received by the Principal Librarian, and denoted by stamping. Part. 8, pp. 49= 96 in July 1858. » di a 97-144 (same date). " 10, " 145-192 Jan. 1, 1839. " 43? " 193-241 Nov. 15,1839. " 32! " 241 to end,July 8, 1840. From [Herbier Boissier Bulletin 1:298. 1893 FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA. (Orv. LI. COMPOSITA, Zinn.; continued from Vol. I.) Trib. V. AsrEROoIDExX. Less. Subtrib. I. Asterez. Less. Capitula nunquam dioica, plerumque heterogama, floribus 9 in ambitu aut uni- aut, si pluriserialibus, corollas tunc lingulatas gerentibus, Joris busque $ in centro. Rachis plerumque ebracteolata aut, ubi bracteolata, pappus per- fectus et multiradiatus. nthere ecaudate. Less. 59. SOLIDAGO.* L. Radius femineus uniserialis. Discus hermaphroditus. Pappus uniserialis, pilosus Achenium teretiusculum, multicostatum.—Herbe plerumque Americane et elate, pauciores. Europee vel Asiatice, foliis alternis integris: capitulis parviusculis luteis plerumque in cymas scorpioides dispositis et secundis; involucris imbricatis, polyphyllis, rachis (seu receptacu- lum) nuda. Less. * Racemis secundis; foliis subtriplinerviis. l. S. Canadensis; caule villoso erecto, foliis lanceolatis serratis triplinerviis scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis recurvis, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait.—Linn.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 210. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 389.— B. foliis angustioribus, floribus minus secundis. Has. Throughout Canada, and from Lake Huron to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. £. Columbia. Douglas.—A very polymorphous plant, as Willdenow well observes, varying in the height of the stem, in the entire or serrated leaves, and in the greater orlesser depth of the serratures. One specimen which I possess, tallying with the S. Canadensisof Herb. Banks., is from Boston, and has much more numerous leaves, * A genus, Lessing observes, only differing from Aster in its rounded, many-ribbed, not plano-compressed and bicostate achenia, but easily distinguished by the habit, and by the colour (yellow) of the flowers.—In the determination of the species, attended perhaps with more difficulty than that of the species of amy other genus, save its near ally, Aster, I have been greatly aided by Dr. Boott. As the Hortus Kewensis was the authority for a considerable number of species, the comparison of specimens with the Banksian Herbarium, where original specimens are preserved, became essentially necessary: and this Dr. Boott has most kindly accomplished for me. Still, as to the limits of the species, or the value of the relative characters, I dare scarcely offer any opinion. VOL. II. A 2 COMPOSITE. [Solidago. and smaller flowers than our other specimens. The y. of Herb. Banks. and Hort, Kew. foliis subtus villosis, we have from Canada. Messrs. Lay and Colley have gathered S. Canadensis in California. lt is omitted by Michaux. 2. S. procera; caule villoso erecto, foliis lanceolatis serratis triplinerviis scabris subtus villosis, racemis spiciformibus erectis interruptis nutantibus, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 535. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Has. Canada. Pursh.—Woody country between lat. 54? and 64°. 3. S. serotina; caule erecto tereti levi, foliis lineari-lanceolatis glabris margine asperis serratis triplinerviis, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1.v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535.—B8. minor; foliis angustioribus. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Columbia River and De e America. Dr. Scouler.—f. Saskatchawan. Drummond. 4. S. gigantea; caule erecto glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris serratis margine scabris triplinerviis, racemis paniculatis secundis, pedunculis hirtis, ligulis abbreviatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535.—9. racemis brevioribus obtusis. Has. Canada. Cleghorn. Plains of the Red River. Douglas. Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scouler.—f8. Sas- katchawan. Drummond. 5. S. lateriflora; caule erecto pilosiusculo, foliis lanceolatis subtriplinerviis glabris margine scabris, inferioribus subserratis, racemis paniculatis subrecurvis secundis. Ait.— Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 536. Elliott, Carol. v, 2, p. 310. Han. Canada. Pursh.— Not more than half the size of S. Canadensis; flowers larger than any of this division." .PA.— Probably all the * triple-nerved" species might, without violence to nature, merge into one, * * Hacemis secundis; foliis venosis. 6. S. altissima; caule erecto hirto, foliis lanceolatis scaberrimis rugosis serratis enerviis, paniculis secundis. Ae. —Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 212. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 536. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 511. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Mr. Cleghorn. 7. S. rugosa; caule erecto hirto, foliis lanceolatis inferioribus adpresso-serratis scaber- rimis rugosis, racemis paniculatis secundis patentissimis, JVilld.— Mill. Dict.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2058. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 574.—S. altissima. ? Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 213. Has. Canada. Pursh, Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. (Small and young specimens.) 8. S. villosa; caule erecto villoso, foliis lanceolatis molliusculis serratis enervibus, racemis paniculatis secundis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 312.— S, pilosa. Mill. Dict.—S. altissima, 8. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 212. Has. Canada, Lady Dalhousie. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. : Solidago.| COMPOSITE. 3 9. S. nemoralis; caule erecto tomentoso, foliis caulinis lanceolatis hispidis integerrimis, radicalibus subcuneiformibus serratis, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3 p: 213. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 537. Elliott; Carol. v. 2. p. 313. Han. Canada, Pursh. Dr. Holmes. Goldie. Mr. Cleghorn. Red River. Mr. Douglas. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The grey aspect of this plant, mentioned by Pursh, is very striking in my specimens. 10. S. juncea; caule erecto glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris margine seabris, inferioribus serratis, racemis. paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 213. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 315? Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Has. Woody country between lat. 54%, and 649. Dr. Richardson. 11. S. arguta; caule erecto glabro, foliis glabris argute inzequaliter serratis, caulinis ellipticis, radicalibus ovato-oblongis, racemis paniculatis secundis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. p. 213. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 538. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 374. Haz. Canada, Pursh.—1 possess no specimen of this from the British Settlements; but I have very beautiful ones from Dr. Darlington and Mr. Townsend from Pennsylvania, which have been compared with those in the Banksian Herbarium. - 12. S. asperata ; caule paniculato-corymboso, racemis suberectis, floribus adscendentibus, foliis lanceolatis serratis scabris. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 528. Has. Canada. Herb. Banks. 13. S. sempervirens; caule erecto glabro, foliis lineari-lanceolatis subcarnosis levibus integerrimis margine scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis, pedunculis pilosis. Ait. — Linn. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 214. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 538. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p.919. Has. Canada. Pursh.—My Herbarium contains only one specimen of this, from Dr. Darlington of West Chester, received as “ S. limoniifolia,” which exactly corresponds with S. Sempervirens of Banks. Herb. 14. S. odora; caule erecto pubescente, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis glabris margine scabris, racemis paniculatis secundis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. l. v. 3. p. 214. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 539. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p..376. Plukn. Alm. t. 116. f. 6. Har. Canada. Pursh.—Of this, likewise, I possess no British-American specimens ; but I have numer- ous ones from the United States. Pursh says * It is most generally and principally known among the inhabitants by the name of Golden-rod, and used as a wholesome tea. The flowers, gathered when fully expanded and carefully dried, give a most agreeable substitute for tea, which for some time has been an article of exportation to China, where: it fetches a high price.” * * * Racemis erectis ; foliis venosis. 15. S. bicolor; caule fohisque ellipticis pilosis, inferioribus serratis, ramis foliolosis, racemis erectis, involucri foliolis obtusis. Ait. — Linn.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216. Mich. Am. v.2. p. 116. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 8. p. 531. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 382. Has. Canada, Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Rays of the flowers said to be nearly white: but 4 COMPOSITE. [Solidago. the Saskatchawan specimens appear to be yellow, as do some from Dr. Short (Kentucky); while others in the same Collection seem to be white. 16. S. lanata; tota arachnoideo-lanata, foliis spathulato-lanceolatis adpresso-serratis inferioribus petiolatis superioribus parvis integerrimis, racemis erectis terminalibus Ser: plicibus, involucri foliolis obtusis glabriusculis. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—There is only one specimen of this very well marked species in the Collection. It will rank between S. bicolor and S. petiolaris. 17. S. stricta; caule erecto glabro, foliis caulinis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris margine scabris, radicalibus serratis, racemis paniculatis erectis, pedunculis glabris. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 383. Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Woody country between lat. 54° and 64%. Dr. Richardson. . Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 1 18. S. confertiflora; ( Nutt. MSS. in Herb. Boott. ) robusta, caule crasso superne pubes- cente, foliis glabris inferioribus latissimis ovali-spathulatis serratis acutis marginibus scabris, superioribus sessilibus lanceolato-ellipticis integerrimis, racemis glomeratis rigidis pubescen- tibus, involucri multiflori foliolis squamosis, radiis elongatis 10—12.— S. squamosa. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 161. (non Muhl.)—S. glomerata. Mich.? (Boott.) Elliott, Carol. v. 2 p.381? Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Mr. Goldie. Lady Dalhousie.—1 have received this very fine and dis- tinct species from about Boston, (B. D. Greene, Esq.) and from New-York and New-Jersey. (Dr. Torrey.) 19. S. levigata; caule erecto levi, foliis lanceolatis carnosis integerrimis undique levibus, racemis paniculatis erectis, pedunculis squamosis villosis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 215. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 541. Has. Canada. Pursh.—My specimen from the New England States, which has been compared with the one in the Banksian Herbarium, does not appear to me to differ from S. Mexicana, L., of which, too, Pursh seems to consider it a variety. 20. S. viminea; caule, erecto subpubescente, foliis lineari-lanceolatis membranaceis basi attenuatis glabris margine scabris, infimis subserratis, racemis erectis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 215. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 541. Has. Canada. Pursh. 21. S. macrophylla; folis inferioribus ovatis acuminatis attenuatis inzequaliter argute serratis glabris, caulinis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis subsessilibus serratis, racemis axil- laribus pedunculatis foliosis longitudine foliorum, involucris oblongis turgidis multifloris, ligulis subelongatis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542, Ha». Canada. Herb. Banks. (Ph.) 22. S. flexicaulis; caule (plerumque) flexuoso glabro angulato, foliis serratis glabris, race- mis erectis glomeratis axillaribus folio multo seine foliis Janceolatis.—S. flexicaulis. Linn. Herb. (fide Boott.) Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 317. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2 p. 542. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 386.—S. axillaris. Herb. Banks.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. $ Solidago.] COMPOSITE. 5 p. 542,— S. cesia, Linn. (not in Herb. Linn.) Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 217. Pursh, El. Am, v. 2. p. 540. Dill. Elth. t. 307. f: 395.—8. latifolia; foliis ovatis superioribus minori- bus, racemis subpaniculatis.— JVilld.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542.—S. latifolia. Linn. Herb. ( Boott.) Has. «.and f. Throughout Canada.—I possess specimens which are exactly intermediate between S. Jlexicaulis and S. latifolia. L. 23. S. Virgaurea; caule erecto tereti pubescenti (in nostr. exempl. subangulato glabro, ) superne (nunc) ramoso, foliis inferioribus ellipticis pilosiusculis serratis, racemis erectis (compositis subsolitariis,) ligulis elongatis. 4it.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 301. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 542? Has. Labrador? Kohlmeister ; (Surely this must be S. multiradiata.) Woody country between lat. 54% and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Our specimens are mostly glabrous, and are nearly a foot high, agreeing with our British var. called Cambrica. The same is found by Mr. Greene near the summit of Mount Washington, on the White Mountains, U. S. 24. S. multiradiata; caule villosiusculo, foliis sessilibus lanceolatis glabris ciliatis, inferi- oribus apice serratis, racemo terminali erecto (dense corymboso) ligulis elongatis numer- osis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 218. Pursh, FL, Am. v. 2. p. 542.—S. Virgaurea. Ph. ? Has. Labrador. (Herb. Banks.) Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison. Bay of Eschscholtz. Chami Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson.—Most of my specimens of this plant have the terminal raceme forming a broad dense corymb or head ; in which particular almost alone does it differ from S. Virgaurea; and the Rocky Mountain specimens appear almost intermedi- ate. Chamisso's S. Virgaurea, in my Herbarium, from Kotzebue’s Sound, is the same as our S. multiradi- ata, and I fear the two can hardly be considered more than varieties. 25. S. humilis; gracilis, caule erecto simplici glabro, foliis lanceolatis glabris inferioribus longe petiolatis serratis superioribus linearibus integerrimis, racemo elongato terminali solitario erecto.—Herb. Banks. MSS. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 543. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Has. Woody country between lat. 54°. and 64°. Dr. Richardson.— This, although the true plant of the Banksian Herbarium, I am inclined to consider only an elongated and slender variety of S, Virgaurea; the very opposite extreme, in the same species, of S. multiradiata. 96. S. elata; caule piloso tereti, foliis lanceolatis subtus pilosiusculis, racemis erectis, ligulis elongatis. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. Has. North-west coast of America. Mr. Menzies.—1 regret that my specimen, which is a very indiffer- ent one, will not allow me to offer any additional character to what I find in Pursh. 27. S. rigida; caule foliisque ovato-oblongis pilosis scabris, caulinis integerrimis, in- fimis serratis, ramis floriferis paniculatis, racemis compactis, ligulis elongatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 216, Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 543. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 390. His, Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red River. Douglas. About Carlton House. Dr. Richardson. 6 COMPOSITE. [ Aster. (Flores glomerati, fastigiato-corymbosi; radii valde minuti. Foliis angustis integerrimis. Euthamia, Nutt.) 98. S. lanceolata; caule erecto glabro ramosissimo, foliis lineari-lanceolatis scabriusculis integerrimis trinerviis, flosculis radii vix disco longioribus.— Lin».— Mant.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 214.— Mich, Am. v. 2. p. 116. («.) Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (Euthamia.)—S. graminifolia. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p.162. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 391.—P. foliis angustioribus. S. tenuifolia. Rich. in Frankl. Ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. (non Pursh.) —Chrysocoma graminifolia. Linn. Has. Throughout Canada to lat, 64°. Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglas. —This plaut seems univer- sally diffused through all the woody country of North America. I possess it from California and from Louisiana. Dr. Gillies found it at Mendoza, in extra-tropical South America. I have referred the S. tenui- folia of Richardson to-a state of this plant, rather than considered it the. S. cenuifolia of Pursh, which is a southern plant, its extreme northern limit being, I believe, New Jersey. 53. ASTER.* Cass Nees. (AsTERIS sp. L.) Radius foemineus fertilis. Involueri foliola vel laxa pleraque foliacea, vel imbricata nervoque medio e basi membranacea in apicis discum herbaceum rhombeum expanso prze- dita. Flosculi pisci tubo limboque discretis. Achenia cuneiformia, compressa, glabra, vel pubescentia et hirta. Pappus simplex, persistens, scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum. Nees. Sect. I. Axpiceni. Nees. Ast. p. 94. 1. A. alpinus; folis radicalibus spathulatis caulinisque integerrimis, involucri foliolis lanceolatis laxis, caule uniflora. ` Nees.— Linn.— Bot. Mag. t. 199. Nees, Ast. p. 26. Has. On the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains in lat, 549. Drummond.—Mr. Lindley marks this “ exactly A. alpinus, var. Dahuricus.’ It also precisely corresponds with my Swiss specimens. 2. A. salsuginosus; foliis lato-lanceolatis acutis subintegerrimis venosis inferioribus in petiolum longe attenuatis reliquis sessilibus caule uni-paucifloro, involucri squamis linearibus acutis pubescentibus subsquarrosis disco vix duplo, radio plus triplo longioribus.— RicA. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 32. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2942, Nees, Ast. p. 29.—8. foliis angustioribus. Han. Salt plains of the Athabasca. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Messrs. Lay and Collie.—8. N. West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. 3. A. pygmeus; ( Lindl.) foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis glabris, caule unifloro villoso, involucro hemispheerico laxo subsquarroso villosissimo, foliolis linearibus obtusis. Lindl. MSS. ; * The whole of my Collection of this extensive. Genus has been named by the kindness of Dr, Boott and Professor Lindley; the former of whom may be considered excellent authority for the Linnean and Banksian species: the latter for those of Nees von Esenbeck, whose arrangement I have implicitly followed. Professor Lindley has likewise deter- mined and characterized the new species. For more full characters of the Genus Aster and its divisions, as well as other genera of the Asteree, than I can here give, I must refer to the valuable “ Genera et Species Asterearum” of Dr. Nees von Esenbeck. : E Aster] COMPOSITE. 1 Han, Arctic sea-coast, Dr. Richardson.—" A. salsuginoso affinis," / Lindi.) and perhaps only a dwarf, or hairy variety of it. 4. A. Richardsonii; radice repente, caule ramoso uni-multifloro ad apicem dense to- mentoso, foliis late oblongis remote dentatis subtus breviter pilosis, calycibus squarrosis, flosculis radii numerosis angustis. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 258. Nees, Ast. p. 30.—A. montanus. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. (non Nutt.)—A. salsuginosus. Less. in Linnea, v. 6. p. 124.—A. Espenbergensis. Nees, Ast. p. 86.—8. gigantea; magis tomentosus, caule foliisque profunde serratis duplo triplove majoribus. Has. Barren country from lat. 64°. to the Arctic Sea. Dr. Richardson. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso (in Herb. Nostr.)—£. About Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River.—The A. salsuginosus ? of Lessing, (A. Espenbergensis, Nees,) is certainly the 4. montanus of Dr. Richardson. 5. A. peregrinus; foliis oblongo-ellipticis ovatisve acutis integerrimis glabriusculis, caule erecto folioso 1-3-floro seriatim hirto, involucri biserialis foliolis lineari-acuminatis hirtis exterioribus herbaceis. Nees.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Nees, Ast. p. 33.—A. Tilesii. Wikstr. Has. Unalaschka, Dr. Nelson (in Herb. Banks.) Chamisso. 6. A. Unalaschkensis ; foliis lanceolatis ovatove-lanceolatis acuminatis subserratis pubes- centi-scabris ciliatis; caule erecto 1-3-floro superne sparse villoso folioso, involucri sub- zequalis foliolis lineari-acuminatis herbaceis villosis. Nees.— Less. in Schlecht. Linnea, v. 4. p. 122.—Nees, Ast. p. 34.—8.? major; foliis acuminatis, caule multifloro. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—g. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nees seems to consider this as scarcely distinct from A. Caucasicus, Willd. and that it may even be the same with A. pere- | grinus.—Specimens of our var. 8. in Mr. Drummond's Collection, which Professor Lindley marks “ ap- parently A. Unalaschkensis, Linn.” a species which I have not seen, are larger than A. Caucasicus; a foot and a half to two feet high, with very thin, membranaceous, indistinctly veined, and scarcely and only very distantly serrated leaves: the flowers similar, but more numerous. Sect. IL Ame. Nees, Ast. p. 36. "I. A. biflorus; foliis lanceolatis serratis scabris, involucri foliolis imbricatis ovatis, caule, subbifloro. Nees.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 114. Nees, Ast. p. 39.—A. strictus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Han. Labrador and Hudson's Bay. Herb. Banks. (Pursh.) 8. A. conspicuus; (Lindl.) folis oblongis erectis basi angustatis grosse serratis pubes- centibus ambitu scabris, caule stricto apice corymboso, ramis erectis pubescentibus monoce- phalis aphyllis, involucri hemispheerici foliolis squamosis acuminatis inferioribus minoribus. Lindi. MSS. Has. Carlton House on the Saskatchawan River to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—“ A. spec- tabili accedit, foliis latis fere omnibus grosse serratis distinguendus.” Lindl. 9. A. Radula; foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis medio argute serratis rugosis scaber- rimis, caule angulato glabriusculo corymboso, racemis paucifloris nudiusculis, involucri 8 COMPOSITE. [Aster. foliolis plurifariam imbricatis oblongis acutiusculis apice patulis. Nees.—Ait. Hort, Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 210. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Nees, Ast. p. 43. Has. Nova Scotia. (Ait) Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr. Morrison. Mr. Cormack. 10. A. ascendens; (Lindl.) foliis oblongo-linearibus subspathulatis elongatis integerri- mis glabris margine ciliato-scabris, caulibus ascendentibus simpliciter racemosis v. corym- bosis, involucri glabri foliolis numerosis acutis patulis. Lindl. MSS. Has. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—* Ab A. Amello diversus glabritie longitudine foliorum involucrisque foliolis numerosis angustioribus acutioribus; habitu similis" Zindley; who further remarks that it comes nearest to a Caucasian form of A. Amellus. 11. A. spathulatus; (Lindl.) folis spathulatis obtusis integerrimis, ramorum basi dilatatis amplexicaulibus, caule simpliciter racemoso, pedunculis subaphyllis folio breviori- bus, involucri foliolis linearibus acutis erectis tomentosis. Lindl. MSS. Has. Bear Lake and Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. 12. A. modestus; (Lindl.) foliis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis glabris, caule simplici folioso, corymbo paucifloro foliis supremis breviore, involucri foliolis linearibus acuminatis. Lindl. MSS. Has. Mountain woods, at the mouth of the Smoking River, lat. 56°. Drummond.—* A. brumalem nanum refert, sed affinitate W. Anglie proxime sequitur.” Lindl. 13. A. Nove Anglie; foliis lanceolatis attenuatis auriculato-amplectentibus integerrimis hispido-scabris, caule stricto corymboso-composito, ramis arcuatis, involucri foliolis laxis angustis, Nees.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549. Nees, Ast. p. 46. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 351. Has. Canada, Pursh.—I possess no northern specimen of this plant. It is common throughout the United States, and is one of the most beautiful of the Genus. Secr. III. Genvint. A. Heterophylli. Nees. 14. A. cordifolius; foliis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus pilosis, caule racemoso-paniculato, ramis paucifolis laxis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.— Linn.— Pursh, El. Am. v. 2. p. 552. Nees, Ast. p. 52. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 364. Has. Throughout Canada; abundant. 15. A. paniculatus; folis cordatis serratis petiolatis supra scabris subtus glabris, caule ramisque racemoso-thyrsoideis foliosis strictis involucro laxe imbricato. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 207. Nees, Ast. p. 53.—var.6.? floribus majoribus, foliis subcarnosis, infimis solummodo subcordatis. Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—d. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson,—“ Thereis,” as Dr. Boott justly observes, “ great confusion about the heart-leaved Asters. Mr. Nuttall says that A. paniculatus is not distinct from A. undulatus, and that A. heterophyllus is not distinct from A. cordifolius. Professor Lindley remarks, upon one of my specimens from Dr. Short, of A. paniculatus, that “it approaches A. undulatus,” The probability is that they are all forms of one and the same species: though I must observe that I have myself seen noacknowedged undulatus and Aeterophyllus from British North America. Aster.) COMPOSITE. 9 16. A. sagittifolius; * foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordato-subsagittatis (vel et profunde cordatis) oblongis glabris insequaliter serratis margine scabris, caulinis ovato-oblongis in petiolum alatum contractis serratis glabris, caule racemoso-composito, involucro arcte im- bricato. Mees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 8. p. 2035. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 551. Nees, Ast. p. 56. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 362. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Montreal Mr. Cleghorn. Red River. Douglas. ; B. Homophylli. 17. A. Cornuti; foliis oblongis profunde serratis in petiolum attenuatis supra pube minu- tissima adspersis subtus glabris margine scabris, caule ramoso-paniculato, involucro laxo imbricato. Nees.—«. caule multifloro, floribus minoribus, radio angustiore, ramis paniculee longioribus erectis. Nees.—Wendl.—Nees, Ast. p. 58.—A. Tradescanti. Hofm.—A. patulus. Lam.—A. tardiflorus. Herb. Linn. (fide Lindl.) Has, Canada. Mr. Cleghorn. 18. A. acuminatus ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis in petiolum adnatum decurrentibus supra scabris subtus levibus, caule racemoso, ramis brevibus thyrsoideis simplicibusve, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis lanceolatis. Nees.—Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 555. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 27107. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 355. Has. Canada. Mr. Cleghorn. Mrs. Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs. Percival. 19. A. precoz ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis patenti-serratis in petiolum adnatum attenuatis glabris supra in ambitu scabris basin versus ciliatis, radicalibus ovatis petiolatis, caule race- moso, ramis paucifloris basi nudis, involucro laxo subeequali.— Nees.— Willd. En. Hort. Berol. Suppl. p. 58. Nees, Ast. p. 62. - Haz. Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. 20. A. ciliolatus (Lindl.) ; foliis omnibus ovatis medio argute serratis in petiolum abrupte angustatis ciliatis in ambitu scabris, caule simplici, capitulis axillaribus sessilibus v. brevi- pedicellatis subsolitariis, involucri foliolis erectis apice membranaceis. Lindl. MSS. Has. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—" Valde affinis A. precoci; differt foliis abrupte nec sensim in petiolum angustatis caulinisque radicalibus conformibus conspicue per totum ambitum ciliatis, capitulis sub- sessilibus dimidio minoribus, involucri foliolis non apice herbaceis, denique statura humili." Lindl.—The very few specimens in the Collection are 6-8 inches high. + Allied to this is an interesting new species found by Dr. Short, on cliffs of the Kentucky River, which I am anxious should bear the name of its estimable discoverer, an excellent and liberal Botanist. Professor Lindley has favoured me with the following character and remarks :— id « A. Shortii ; foliis subtus pilosiusculis ambitu scabris, caulinis alte eordato-lanceolatis acuminatis pone basin grosse serratis integrisve ramulorum cordato-ovatis omnibus petiolatis, petiolis apteris, caule racemoso vel racemoso-composito, involucro imbricato.— Rete foliorum maximum. A. diversifolio proximus, inter eam speciem et A. sagittifolium collo- foliis omnibus cordatis acuminatis petiolatis petiolisque ne minime quidem alatis apteris distinguendus,” Lind. ' 5 : candus, VOL. II. 10 COMPOSITE. [Aster. 21. A. puniceus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus acuminatis medio adpresso- serratis supra scabris, caule hispido patulo-racemoso, ramis inferis racemosis, superis simpli- cibus, involucri laxi foliolis lineari-subulatis equalibus. Nees.—Linn. Hort. Cliff. p. 408. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 355. Has. Canada to Hudson's Bay. 22. A. vimineus ; foliis lanceolatis amplectentibus longe acuminatis medio subulato-ser- ratis margine scabris, caule racemoso-composito pyramidali levi, ramis virgatis apice race- mosis, involucri laxi foliolis lanceolato-linearibus subzequalibus. Nees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2046. Nees, Ast. p. 68. Has. Canada. (Vees.) Lake Huron. Dr. T'odd.—This is Nees’ A. vimineus: but Dr. Boott considers it as probably a variety of A. puniceus. 23. A. laxifolius; foliis anguste lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis mucronato-serrulatis flaccidis supra scabris, caule scabro racemoso-composito angusto, ramis apice racemosis vel subcompositis, involucri foliolis linearibus squarrosis floris primarii subaequalibus. Nees, Ast. p. 59.— A. salicifolius. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. App. p. 148. (excl. syn.) — A. longifolius. Nees, Syn. Ast. p. 26.—8. foliis angustioribus fere integerrimis. Has. Woody country from lat 54° to 64°. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains, in swampy places, to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival.—8. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—This is a very distinct and well marked species. The more northern specimens have the narrowest leaves. I possess the same plant from Philadelphia, sent to me by Dr. Griffith. 24. A. amplus (Lindl.) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis margine scabris subintegerrimis, caule simplici subcorymboso, ramis unifloris subaphyllis, involucro laxo imbricato. Lindl. MSS. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A. brumali affinis: foliis capitulisque multo majoribus, caule simplici subcorymboso ramisque rigidis pilosis fere aphyllis nec virgatis glabris foliosis, bene distinguitur ? Lindl. 25. A. blandus; foliis subamplexicaulibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis glabris, caule pyramidato-ramoso, ramis axillaribus racemifloris folio vix longioribus, pedunculis tomentosis nudis, involucris laxis subzequalibus disco brevioribus. Herb. Banks. MSS.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 555. Nees, Ast. p. 16. Has. Canada. (Herb. Banks.) 26. A. luxurians; folis ovali-oblongis vel lanceolatis acuminatis basi attenuata amplec- tentibus medio argute serratis supra scabris glaucescentibus, caule paniculato, ramis apice corymboso-racemosis, ramulis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis. Nees, Ast. p. 83.—A. Novi Belgii. Nutt. (fide Nees.)—8. caule magis composito magisque piloso-lineato.— A. luxurians, Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 538. Haz. 6, Canada. Mrs. Percival.— This, which Professor Lindley,and, I doubt not, correctly, refers to A. luzurians 8. of Nees, Dr. Boott considers A. tardiflorus, Nees, (not Linn.) while another, equally quoted by Dr. Lindley under A. luzurians, 8. Dr. Boott calls A. Novi Belgii,3. minor. The three are perhaps not really different.—Nearly allied to this is a specimen of an Aster from Dr. Sensei the Columbia, which Professor Lindley inclines to refer to A, asper. Aster] COMPOSITE. 11 27. A. adulterinus ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis mucronatis amplectentibus leevibus margine scabris, caule e basi paniculato-decomposito, ramis corymboso-racemosis, involucri obovati subeequalis foliolis spathulato-lanceolatis squarrosis post florescentiam magis auctis. Nees. —Willd.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Haz. Straits of De Fuca. Dr. Scouler.—Dr. Nees von Esenbeck doubts if this may not be a variety of A. Novi Belgii. 28. A. Douglasii ( Lindl.) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis versus basin angustatis glabris om- nibus (exceptis supremis) serratis, caule racemoso-composito, ramis pauce foliosis oligocephalis laxe corymbosis, involucri laxi subzequalis foliolis linearibus acutis. Lindl. MSS.—«. ramis abbreviatis pleiocephalis, capitulis minoribus.—£. ramis gracilioribus elongatis oligocephalis subaphyllis, capitulis majoribus. Lindl. Han. a. Common on the N. W. Coast, near the confluence of the Columbia, in open undulating grounds. Douglas.—f. De Fuca. Dr. Scouler.— A. eminenti proximus." Lindl. 29. A. bellidiflorus ; foliis lanceolatis adpresso-serrulatis margine scabris ramulorum lan- ceolato-acuminatis subulatisve apice recurvis, caule stricto racemoso-decomposito suprade- compositove angusto inferne glaberrimo albo-virgato purpurascenteve, ramis apice racemosis racemosove-compositis, floribus confertis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, interioribus apice ssepe coloratis. Nees.— Willd. Hort. Berol. v. 2. p. 886. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Nees, Ast. p. 97. Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Dr. Holmes. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Red River. Douglas.— This certainly bears considerable resemblance to A. lazifolius, Nees, to which indeed Dr. Boott refers it. 30. A. parviflorus ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis medio argute serratis supra in ambitu scabris ramulorum (pedunculorum) linearibus acutis patentibus, caule racemoso-decomposito ramisque apice corymbosis strictis, involucri foliolis imbricatis linearibus acutis, radii ligula lineari foliolis involucri interioribus paullo longiore. Nees, Ast. p. 99. Has. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes. 31. A. Lamarckianus; folis lanceolatis acuminatis adpresso-serratis supra scaberrimis ramulorum lanceolato-acuminatis patentibus, caule piloso-lineato racemoso-decomposito coarctato, ramis paniculato-racemosis, involucri laxi subzequalis foliolis linearibus. Nees, Ast. p. 100.—A. Tradescanti. JVilld.—A. paniculatus. Lam. Has. Canada. (Lamarck.) Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—To me this appears very similar to the preceding. Nees considers it unlike any species but A. divergens. 32. A. divergens ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis medio mucronato-serratis in ambitu scabris ramulorum oblongo-lanceolatis basi attenuatis integerrimis mucronulatis patentibus, caule piloso-lineato racemoso-composito, ramis sequalibus patentibus, involucri foliolis imbricatis lanceolatis. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 205. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 357. Nees, Ast. p. 100. Has, Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. 12 COMPOSITE. [Aster. 33. A. falcatus (Lindl.); foliis linearibus obtusis falcatis pilosiusculis, caule piloso anguste racemoso subcomposito, ramulis brevibus monocephalis paucifoliis, involucri laxi parum imbricati foliolis linearibus acutiusculis. Has. Arctic America. Dr. Richardson.—* Facies est omnino A. hiemalis, sed vera affinitas cum A. fragili ; folia inferiora Bupleuro falcato similia,” Lindl, i 34. A. Tradescanti; foliis linearibus acuminatis margine ciliato-scabris inferioribus a medio argute remote serratis ramorum ramulorumque patentibus mucronatis, caule glabri- usculo ramoso subcomposito patulo apice simpliciter racemoso, ramis virgatis, ramulis sub- secundis, involucro imbricato. Vees.—Linn. Hort. Cliff-— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 556. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 358. Has. Canada. Pursh. Dr. Holmes. 35. A. ericoides ; foliis linearibus angustis integerrimis glaberrimis, caule glabro racemoso- composito, ramis virgatis, ramulis subsecundis ab apice remotis, involucri brevis foliolis imbricatis apice subulato-patulis. Nees.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 546. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 348. Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan, and towards the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Red River. Douglas. 36. A. diffusus; foliis caulinis lanceolatis, ramis oblongo-lanceolatis medio serratis supra scabriusculis margine scaberrimis, caule pubescenti racemoso-composito, ramis recurvato- patentibus, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri imbricati foliolis acutis. Nees.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1. v. 3. p. 111. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 110.—A. diver- gens B. diffusus. Nutt. Has. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Cleghorn. 37. A. miser; foliis caulinis oblongo-cuneiformibus acuminatissimis medio serratis rameisque ovalibus subintegerrimis supra pubescenti-scabris, caule pubescenti-scabro race- moso-composito ramis erectis, floribus subsecundis confertis, involucri laxe imbricati foliolis acuminatis. Nees.— Linn. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 111. Han. Canada, Pursh, if Pursh's plant be the same; but Nees excludes the synonym of Willd. and Pursh. 38. A. pendulus; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis cauleque pubescenti-scabris, caulinis medio adpresso-serratis, ramulorum ellipticis integerrimis, caule laxo diffuso racemoso-composito, ramis elongatis flaccidis, involucro imbricato. Nees.—Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 8. p. 205. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 558. Nees, Ast. p. 114.— A. divergens y. pendulus. Nutt. Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes.—My Canadian specimen of this, so named by Professor Lindley, only differs from an authentic specimen of Nees’ A. miser in its more copious flowers. 39. A. Menziesii ; foliis oblongo-linearibus sessilibus integerrimis scabriusculis incanis, caule incano apice racemoso, involucri foliolis obtusis squarrosis. Lindl. MSS. Has. North-west coast of America. A. Menzies, Esq.—“ Ab A. concolori vix differt nisi pilis rigidis nec mollibus, necnon involucri foliolis squarrosis nec appressis.” Lindl. Aster.] COMPOSITE. 13 40. A. ramulosus; foliis linearibus serrulato-scabris basi dilatatis sessilibus ramulorum rectis minoribus, caule piloso erecto angusto racemoso ramulis corymbulosis monocephalisve, involucri squarrosi foliolis acutissimis mucronatis. Lindl. MSS.—g. incano-pilosus. A. bienni, Nutt. (qui Aster est genuinus multifloro affinis) proxime accedit. Lindl. Has. Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River and among the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—* Capitula duplo majora quam in A. multifloro.” Lindl. 41. A. multiflorus; foliis linearibus integerrimis margine serrulato-scabris subtrinervibus ramulorum recurvis, caule pubescente ramoso-composito diffuso, floribus subsecundis, invo- lucri foliolis laxe imbricatis apice recurvis subspathulatis mucronatis. Nees.—¢dit. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 208. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 546.— 8. ciliatus. Nees.—A. ciliatus. Willd.— Pursh. Has. a. Canada. Pursh. 42. A. concinnus; foliis lanceolatis amplectentibus remote argute serratis margine scabris ramulorum oblongis integerrimis, caule laxo subcorymboso, ramis virgatis dichotomo-pani- culatis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.— Willd. En. Hort. Berol. v. 2. p. 884. Pursh, FI. Am. v. 2. p. 554. Nees, Ast. p. 121. Has. Saskatchawan. Dr, Richardson. Drummond. 43. A. strictus; foliis lanceolatis attenuatis subamplectentibus medio subserratis ambitu supino scabris, caule racemoso-composito, ramis strictis contractis, involucro arcte imbricato. Nees.—Poir. Enc. v. 1. p. 498. Nees, Ast. p. 124.—8. angustifolius. Lindl. MSS. Haz. Saskatchawan. Drummond. 44. A. amplexicaulis; foliis oblongis acutis basi cordato-amplectentibus lucidis margine scabris inferioribus subserratis, caule paniculato-corymboso, ramis dichotome corymbosis coarctatis, involucro arcte imbricato. .Nees.— Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2046. Nees, Ast. p. 130. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 360. Has. Edmonton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 45. A. rubricaulis; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus levibus margine scabris glaucis, radicalibus ovatis in petiolum contractis obtusis, caulinis inferioribus basi attenua- tis subserratis, superioribus integerrimis, caule racemoso-composito subpaniculato stricto, involucri disco brevioris foliolis imbricatis lanceolatis, receptaculo pilosiusculo. Nees.—Lam. Enc. v. 1. p. 305. Nees, Ast. p. 131. e Haz. Canada. Cleghorn. 46. A. cyaneus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis amplectentibus levibus margine scabris glaucis superioribus integerrimis, radicalibus spathulatis obtusis crenato-serratis, caule racemoso- composito subpaniculato, involucri disco brevioris foliolis arcte imbricatis ex ovato-triangu- laribus, receptaculo alveolato-dentato epiloso. Nees.—Hoffm. Syn. Ast. p. 23. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 9. p. 156. Nees, Ast. p. 132. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 358. : Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 14 COMPOSIT E, [Seriocarpus. 54. EURYBIA.* Cass. Radius foemineus fertilis. Involucri foliola arcte imbricata disco herbaceo apicis angusto. Flosculi disci tubo limboque discretis. Achenia elongata prismatica glabra vel pubescentia. Pappus simplex rigidulus persistens scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum.—Characteres plu- rimi Asteris generis, sed differt; involucro subcylindrico arcte imbricato, foliolis apice non Joliaceis vel saltem leviori coste expansione praeditis, acheniisque linearibus longioribus sub- prismaticis vel angulatis, nec compressis ; habitu denique et pubescentia. Nees. 1. E. macrophylla; foliis cordatis ovatisve, radicalibus subtrinervatis, caulinis in petio- lum alatum contractis serratis scabris subtus hirtis, caule hirto ramisve glabro patulo corym- boso, ramulis rigidis, involucri arcte imbricati foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis. Vees.— Cass. in Dict. des Sc. Nat. v. 37. p. 487. Nees, Ast. p. 140.— Aster macrophyllus. Linn.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 552.— A. divaricatus. Linn.—A. infirmus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 109? (Vees.) Has. Canada. Pursh. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to Norway House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. E. corymbosa; foliis ovatis inferioribus cordatis serratis petiolatis, caule dichotomo- corymboso, involucri foliolis imbricatis obtusis exterioribus ovatis. Vees.—Cass. l. c. Nees, Ast. p. 143.— Aster corymbosus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 207. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 552. Elliott, Carol, v. 2. p. 365. Has. Canada. Pursh.—Nees has three other American species not in any American Flora, with which both Dr. Boott and myself are unacquainted. 55. SERIOCARPUS. Nees. Radius foemineus fertilis. Involucri foliola basi lata subcartilaginea arcte — apice abrupte herbacea et plerumque patula. Flosculi disci pauci conico-cylindracei, tubo lim- boque confluentibus. Achenia brevia, obverse pyramidalia dense sericea. Pappus simplex rigidulus persistens. Receptaculum angustum, alveolatum, irregulare.— Differt hocce genus ab Eurybio appendice foliolorum involucri distincta; ab Astere acheniis brevibus dense sericeis et forma flosculorum disci, ab utroque genere cunctisque reliquis Astereis habitu, presertim ab inflorescentia pendente. Nees. 1. S. solidagineus; foliis lineari-spathulatis obtusis integerrimis margine scabris, corymbo paucifloro, involucro squarroso. Nees, Ast. p. 149.— Aster solidaginoides. Mich. Am. v. 2 p.108. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 542. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 340.—Conyza linifolia. Linn. Has. Near Montreal. Mr. Cleghorn. : DES 2. S. rigidus (Lindl.); foliis obovatis (potius oblongo-spathulatis) subtrinerviis integerri- mis cauleque scaberrimis, corymbo terminali simplici vel composito contracto, involucri tur- binati foliolis adpressis basi nudis, radio pappo breviore. Lindl. MSS. * [follow the learned Nees von Esenbeck in the adoption of this and other Genera of his Asterine@; but I must con- fess that I think the character is much too slight, and the difference in habit by no means sufficient to warrant such a separation. Galatella.] COMPOSITE. 15 Haz. Columbia River, Dr. Scouler. Abundant on undulating, dry, gravelly soils near Fort Vancouver, and low hills of the interior. Douglas.—The leaves are remarkably acute, almost mucronate, and they and the stems are quite rough with minute elevated dots. “ S. conyzoidi proximus." Lindi. To me this species, though very distinct, appears to approach nearest to S. tortifolius. 56. TRIPOLIUM. Dod. Nees. Radius femineus fertilis. Involucri foliola interiora ampliora membranacea, colorata, ap- pressa, exteriora in pedunculi foliola decrescentia, Achenia cuneiformia, compressa, gla- briuscula. Pappus simplex, capillaris, densus, noduloso-scaber. Receptaculum alveolatum. —Herbz annue vel perennes, glabra, in solo salsuginoso crescentes. Folia angusta, succu- lenta, margine sepe scabra, triplinervia vel subavenia. Flores corymbosi albi vel cerulei. In- volucra sepe colorata.—Species Europe, Asie Caucasice, America septentrionali indigena. Nees. 1. 7. pauciflorum; foliis linearibus subcarnosis glabris caulinis subulatis amplexicaulibus, caule paucifloro (3-6-floro) ramis subunifloris viscido-pubescentibus, involucri hemis- phærici foliolis subæqualibus acutis. Nees, Ast. p. 157.—Aster pauciflorus. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 154. Has. Marshes of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. T. angustum (Lindl.); foliis linearibus serrulato-scabris glabris, caule angusto strictissi- mo, ramis rectis racemosis, involucri hemispheerici imbricati foliolis linearibus acutis, radio inconspicuo.—«. ramis oligocephalis.—8. ramis polycephalis.— Lindi. MSS. Has. æ. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—f. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—* This species differs essentially from T. subulatum, Nees (Aster subulatus, Mich.) in its stem not being flexuose, in its serrulated leaves, in the form of the leaflets of the involucre, and in the flowers being twice as large." Lindi. 57. GALATELLA. Cass. Radius fiemineus sterilis. Involucri angusti foliola imbricata angusta, nervo herbaceo sub apice non expanso. Achenia conoidea, dense hirsuta vel sericea. Pappus rigidulus, densus, scaber. Receptaculum lacero-alveolatum.— Folia conformia angusta ; radicalia minora, sessilia, subverticalia, nervosa vel enervia solaque costa media, venis autem nullis divisa, rigidula sca- bra plerisque punctata, punctis in superficie superiori presertim obviis insculptis glandu- laque granuliformi nitidula viridi fundo foveole immersa preditis, que glandule, in aliis magis in aliis minus conspicue, nonnullis omnino deesse videntur, caulis inferne simplex, apice distincte corymbosus, ramis dichotomis, rarius subtrichotomis. Radii ligula distantes, neutra. Nees. l. G. nemoralis; foliis lanceolato-linearibus integerrimis enervibus impunctatis scabris, caule apice corymboso, radio elongato. Wees, Ast. p. 173.— Aster nemoralis, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 198.— A. ledifolius. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 544.—8. uniflorus.— Aster uniflorus. Mich. Am, v. 2. p. 110. _ Has. Canada. Pursh. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. 2. G. graminifolia; foliis angusto-linearibus subtrinervibus margine costaque pilosiusculis impunctatis, ramis terminalibus gracilibus subaphyllis unifloris, involucri foliolis laxis discum MM 16 COMPOSITE. [Erigeron. «equantibus.—Aster graminifolius. Herb. Banks. MSS.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 545. Rich. in Frank. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. (fide Herb. nostr.) Ha». Hudson's Bay. Herb. Banks. Dr. Richardson. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson.—This is indeed very closely allied to G. nemoralis and G. linifolia ; but there are, besides the costa, two lateral ramified nerves in the leaves, whose margins and costa too are hairy, and the pappus is almost white. 58. TOWNSENDIA. Nov. Gen. Capitulum heterogamum. Flosculi radii ligulati feeminei; disci hermaphroditi, regulares. Involucri foliola pluriserialia imbricata. Pappus uniserialis; radii brevis, paleaceo-subulatus, inzequalis; disci pilosus, pilis elongatis scabriusculis.— Herba Americe borealis humilis acau- lis. Radix fusiformis, lignosa, longe descendens; superne sepe divisa, reliquiis foliorum vetustorum obtecta. Folia omnino radicalia, numerosa, erecto-patentia, linearia, subspathulata, integerrima, utrinque adpresso-sericea, basi dilatata, et utrinque ciliata. Flos solitarius, foliis immersus et obtectus, ratione plante magnus. Involucrum ovatum, foliolis sericeis, lineari- subulatis, erectis, imbricatis. Flosculi radii ligulati, erecti, pallide rosei, marginibus involuti, apice dentibus tribus conniventibus. Stigma bifidum, purpureum, glabrum. Ovarium oblongum, compresso-triquetrum, pubescens. Pappus brevis sed valde inequalis, uniserialis, e pilis seu paleis subulatis, basi membranaceis. Flosculi disci tubulosi, lutei. Pappus pilosus, pilis scabriusculis longitudine corolle. Ovarium sericeum. Receptaculum alveolato-punctatum, nudum. 1. T. sericea. (Tas. CXIX). Aster? exscapus. Rich. in Frankl. Let, Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32. : Has. Carlton House upon the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Rare, upon the dry banks of the Sas- katchawan and among the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This highly interesting little plant, no less on account of its habit than its pappus, deserves to be separated from Aster, of which, indeed, it was by Dr. Richardson, considered a doubtful species. “ The bud is formed in the autumn," and what Dr. Richardson further observed in the living plant, I find to be characteristic of all the specimens in this Collection, that * the florets of the ray are mostly involute, rarely expanded, and always narrow, nearly of the same colour with the pappus and inconspicuous; the flowers, indeed, never fully expanding.” I have named the Genus in compli- ment to David Townsend, Esq. of West Chester, Pennsylvania, who having imbibed the most ardent love of Botany from his friend and instructor Dr. Darlington of the same city, has devoted his leisure hours to the science with eminent success. The plant now under consideration is peculiarly worthy of bearing his name, because he has studied and ably discriminated the numerous Pennsylvanian species of the allied Genus Aster, ; Tas. CXIX.—Fig. 1, Flowers; fig. 2, Floret of the ray; fig. 3, Portion of the pappus from the ray; fig. 4, Floret of the disk ; fig. 5, Portion of a hair from the pappus of the disk; fig. 6, Stigma from the disk; Jig. 7, 7, Scales of the involucre; jig. 8 :—all more or less magnified. 59. ERIGERON. Z. Flores 3 pluriseriales in ambitu ligulati numerosi angusti; reliqui 3. Involueri foliola imbricata angusta. Pappus conformis, uniserialis Cor. 8 regularis. Achenium erostre. —Herbæ Europe, Asiatica vel Americane, erecta, ramosæ vel simplices, magis minusve hir- sute ; foliis alternis, inferioribus oblongo-obovatis, dentatis ; capitulis albis vel purpureis soli- tariis vel paniculatis. Nees. Erigeron.) . COMPOSITA. 17 1. E. compositus; subacaulis; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis tripartitis hirsutis laciniis cuneiformibus trifidis, scapo unifloro paucifolio foliis linearibus integris.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 535. Hook. in Linn. Trans. v. 14. p. 314. t. 13.—Cineraria Lewisii. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 32.—8. grandiflorus; floribus fere duplo majoribus, radiis magis conspicuis.—y. radii flosculis carneis. Han. Banks of the Kooskoosky. M. Lewis.—«. and 8. Barren country between lat. 64° and the Arctic Sea, and on the highest of the Rocky Mountains, in lat. 54°. Drummond. Islands of the Columbia, between the Narrows and the great Falls. Douglas.—y. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 2. E. trifidus ; subacaulis, foliis hirsutis radicalibus longe petiolatis trifidis laciniis integris infimis solummodo raro iterum divisis, scapo unifloro paucifolio foliis linearibus integris. (Taz. CXX.) Has. Barren places among the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This has the flowers equal in size with those of E. compositus, B., and the habit is very similar; but the leaves are almost the whole of them simply trifid; a few of those at the base of the stem, or divisions of the stem, being compound. Tas. CXX.— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk; jig. 3, Leaf:—magnified. 3. E. lanatus ; subacaulis lanatus, foliis radicalibus spathulatis infimis rarissime trifidis, scapo subaphyllo superne involucroque densissime lanatis, radiis elongatis patentibus, ache- niis glabris. (Tas. CXXI.) Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56%. Drummond.—This is an extremely beautiful species, most allied, indeed, to Æ. uniflorus, but differing in the dense woolly covering, large flowers, long descending root, and in the scape, rather than a stem, which bears the flower. Corollas of the ray white, or rarely purple. Tas. CXXL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; jig. 2, Floret of the disk; fig. 3, Radical leaf; fig. 4. outermost do. :—magnifted. " 4. E. radicatus; subacaulis, foliis radicalibus lineari-spathulatis hirsutulis subcarnosis, scapo unifloro paucifolio, involucro lanato, radiis breviusculis patentibus. (Tas. CXXII.) Has. Mountains near Jasper’s Lake, Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. Tas. CXXIL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk; jig. 3, Portion of a hair from the pappus; jig. 4, 4, Leaves. 5. E. uniflorus; caule brevi, foliis radicalibus glabriusculis spathulatis, caulinis paucis linearibus superne involucroque dense purpureo-lanatis, radiis erectiusculis involucro paullo longioribus. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Fl. Lapp. p. 250. t. 9. f: 3. (vix Engl. Bot. t. 2416.) Rich. in Franki, 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 30.—E. alpinus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 532. Has. Labrador. Kohimeister. Arctic Sea-shore (Dr. Richardson) andadjacent islands, Capt. Parry, Sabine, &c. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond, who found one large specimen in the woody region with seven stems from the same root.— This is well distinguished from the preceding by its more glabrous foliage, true stem, the leaves gradually becoming smaller upon it, smaller flowers, and much shorter ray. The invo- lucre and its woolly clothing are,alike, generally purple. It is quite distinct from the E. uniflorus of Engl. Bot. which I have reason to believe is only a single-flowered state of E. a/pinus; nor have 1 ever seen the true uniflorus in Britain. deas VOL. IT. . c 18 COMPOSITZE. | Erigeron. 6. E. grandiflorus; ubique lanato-hirsutus, caule subelongato unifloro, foliis radicalibus oblongo-spathulatis caulinis lanceolatis, involucro (apice purpureo nudiusculo) densissime albo-lanato, radiis patentibus involucro duplo longioribus. (Tas. CX XIII.) Radix descendens perennis, caules 1-5 gerens. Caulis foliosus, palmaris ad spithameeum, pilosus. Folia pilosa, inferiora spathulata: reliqua lanceolata. Flos terminalis, solitarius, ratione plantae magnus. Jnvolucrum densissime albo-lanatum, foliolis apice purpureis sca- riosis nudis. Radii Flosculi elongati, patentes, albi vel purpurei. Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Tas, CXXIIL— Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk:—magnified. 7. E. alpinus; hirsutiusculus, caule subelongato uni-multifloro, foliis inferioribus spathu- latis superioribus lanceolatis, involucro piloso, radiis inconspicuis erectis pappo copioso pau-- lulum longioribus.—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Engl. Bot. t. 464.—£. foliis angustioribus, ramis elongatis.—y. elata; subpedalis. Maz. a. and 8. and y. Rocky Mountains in elevated situations. Drummond.—This (the var. æ.) exactly eorresponds with our European E. alpinus; but appears to be confined to the mountains of the interior; whereas, in northern Europe it is frequently a maritime species. 8. E. glabratus; glabriusculus, caule elato simplici, foliis radicalibus spathulatis caulinis lineari-lanceolatis, racemo terminali multifloro, pedunculis elongatis vix corymbosis simpli- cibus vel ramosis, involucri parvi foliolis angustissimis, radiis inconspicuis pappo copioso im- mersis.—E. glabratus. Hopp. in Un. It. (Herb. nostr.)—E. alpinus, 8. ramosus. Wahl. Lapp. p. 207.—f. minor; pedunculis brevioribus. Has, Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mae- kenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—8. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—I cannot but look upon this as quite distinct from Æ. alpinus, and, variable as it is in size, from 4-6 inches to 2 feet, it is very con- stant in its inflorescence, a raceme with very long peduncles, and in the very copious pappus, of a slightly tawny hue, which quite conceals the flowers. Wahlenberg notices its affinity with Æ. acris, which is certainly very considerable, insomuch that it may possibly prove to be a variety of it. It is, however, much more glabrous, and has fewer and larger leaves. This species retains all its characters in cultivation. 9. E. lonchophyllus; caule elato hispido simplici, foliis longissimis linearibus glabris ner- vosis ciliatis inferioribus lineari-spathulatis, racemo terminali folioso multifloro, pedunculis dll foliolosis, radiis numerosis angustis (albis?) pappo copioso vix longioribus. : . Saskatchawan. Drummond.—A very remarkable species, of which, unfortunately, there is only a cm specimen in the Collection. Thisis 2 feet high ; the stem angled, very hispid, with patent rigid white hairs; cauline leaves, several of them 6 inches long, 2-4 lines broad. Flowers similar to those of E. glabellus. 10. E. strigosus; strigoso-pilosus elatus, foliis radicalibus spathulatis caulinis lanceolatis. basi attenuatis, floribus corymboso-paniculatis, radiis (albis) patentibus numerosis involucro parvo piloso vix duplo longioribus. Muhl. in Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p.1956. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2, p. 534. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 394.— 8. hispidissimus. Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan, and to the Rocky Mountains: thence to the shores of the Erigeron.] COMPOSITE. 19 Pacific. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas.—£. Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokan River. Douglas.—The present, though, like the other species, it may not be easy ‘to define its cha- racter in words, is a very well marked one to the eye. It is tall and slender, with narrow leaves, The pretty white flowers are about the size ofa daisy. ll. E. purpureus; pubescens, folis oblongis tenui-membranaceis dentatis vel integris caulinis amplexicaulibus radicalibus in petiolum attenuatis, floribus paniculatis subcorym- bosis, radiis purpureis numerosissimis patentibus involucro glabriusculo subtriplo longioribus. — Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 186. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 533. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Haz. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Arctic Circle, and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains and the shores of the Pacific. Dr. Richardson. Dr d. Douglas.—T his is peculiar for its broad leaves, which are amplexicaul at the base, of a rather deep green colour, and singularly delicate texture, and for its rather large flowers, with copious red-purple rays. Our specimen from the Saskatchawan is truly gigantic, 3 feet high, with radical leaves a span long and 2 inches broad. 12. E. Philadelphicus; pubescens, foliis cuneato-oblongis rariter inciso-dentatis caulinis semiamplexicaulibus, caule debili simplici superne corymboso, pedunculis elongatis unifloris, radiis capillaceis involucro hemispheerico duplo longioribus. Ph.—Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1211. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 533. Rich. in Frankl. ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Reich. Ic. Ex. t. 134. Has. Canada. Kalm. (Linn.) Woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Richardson.—I have never re- ceived any authentic specimen of this from the American Botanists; but I introduce it on the autho- rity of Dr. Richardson and Linneus. The excellent Dr. Darlington says, that what he has taken for E. Philadelphicus agrees, on a careful comparison, also with E. purpureus. lam inclined to suspect that the two are one species, and, if so, the present name, in right of priority, should be retained. Reichenbach’s figure looks like a small-flowered state of E. purpureus. 13. E. pulchellus ; pubescenti-asper, foliis radicalibus spathulatis integris vel serratis cau- linis remotis linearibus integerrimis, panicula laxa pauci (3-5) flora, radiis numerosis (albi- dis vel pallide purpureis) patentibus involucro plusquam duplo longioribus.— Mich. 4m. v. 2, p. 224. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30.—E. bellidifolius. Wild. Sp. Pl. v. 8. p. 1958. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 29402, — E. Serpentaria. Banks, M8S.—£. foliis profunde dentatis. Has. Woody country, from Canada to lat. 64°.—¢. North West Coast of America. Menzies.—In all our specimens the ray in the dry state appears to be white. 14. E. glabellus; glaber vel pubescens, foliis lato-lanceolatis integerrimis nervosis ciliatis, radicalibus subspathulatis, floribus (inter majores) paucis (3-5) subcorymbosis, radiis (pur- purascentibus nunc albis) numerosis patentibus involucro pubescente fere triplo longiori- bus.—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 148. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 30. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2923.—8. pubescens; totus valde pubescens.—7. mucronatus; foliis acutissimis mucronatis. ? Has. From the Saskatchawan, Drummond, throughout the woody country, to lat. 649. Dr. Richardson. —£f. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—y. Plentiful on low plains of the Columbia, near the coast. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. 20 COMPOSITE. [Diplopappus- 15. E.? hyssopifolius ; caule ramis sterilibus paniculato paucis in pedunculos nudos uni- floros protractis, foliis linearibus integris glabellis ciliatis, radiis involucro cylindraceo multo longioribus. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534? Has. Hudson's Bay and near Lake Mistassins. Michaux.—With this I am unacquainted. In some of its characters, it comes near my Æ. lonchophyllus, but the involucre is said to be cylindrical, and the rays much longer than it. Pursh refers it to Dill. Elth. t. 306, f. 394, (E. Carolinianus, Willd.) evidently no true Erigeron, the Phalacroloma of Cassini, 16. E. Canadensis ; caule hispido, foliis lanceolato-linearibus ciliatis acutis, floribus (parvis) in paniculam terminalem oblongam foliosam dispositis, ramis quasi racemoso-multifloris, pedicellis foliolosis, radiis minutis (albis) pappo copioso vix longioribus.—Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 123. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 534. i Has. Thoughout Canada. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Columbia River. Dr. Scouler. 17. E.? florifer ; caule breviusculo ramoso piloso, foliis omnibus lineari-spathulatis pilosius- culis integerrimis glaucis, ramis pedunculiformibus unifloris (floribus inter maximos), involu- cri foliolis exterioribus pubescenti-hirsutis interioribus membranaceis fimbriato-ciliatis, radiis latiusculis (albis?) patentibus involucro duplo longioribus, pappi pilis albissimis incrassatis hirsutulis. ; Hag. Dry rocks and sandy grounds near Priest’s Rapids of the Columbia, and Lewis and Clarke’s River; N.W. coast of America. Douglas.—This is evidently no Erigeron, yet it has as little affinity with any Aster. _ The hairs of the pappus are unusually thick and white. (Pappus duplex: extus perbrevis subpaleaceus.) 18. E. annuus; foliis radicalibus subrotundo-ovatis profunde dentatis petiolatis, caulinis lanceolatis acutis medio subserratis, corymbo terminali.—Aster annuus. Linn.—Erigeron heterophyllus. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 1956. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 534.— Diplopappus dubius. Cass. Bull. —Stenactis dubia. Cass. in Dict. des Sc. Nat. v. 37. p. 485.—S. annuus. Nees, Ast. p. 213. + Has. Canada. Cleghorn.— Except in the pappus, this is so entirely an Erigeron that 1 am very unwilling to separate it from that Genus. The outer pappus consists of several very minute acuminated paleaceous scales. It has, like the Æ. Canadensis, been introduced from America into Europe, and thus founda place in our European Floras. 60. DIPLOPAPPUS.* Cass. Radius uniserialis 2. Discus Y. Pappus biserialis. Cor. disci regularis, Achenium — erostre.—Herbe: vel fruticuli Americani, Asiatici vel Africani; foliis alternis, integris ; capi- tulis terminalibus solitariis, colore varie tinctis. Less. i * I follow my own inclination, no less than the valued su estion of Prof i in uniti i i Kunth, and Doelingeria, Nees, with Diplppappus ggestion of Pro Seet Lindley, in uniting Diplostephium, Diplopappus] — COMPOSITE. - 21 * Pappus conformis, utrinque setaceus. 1. D. albus; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subintegerrimis scabris basi longe angustatis inferiori- bus petiolatis, caule simplici corymboso scabro ramulis subunifloris subaphyllis, involucri foliolis oblongo-linearibus glabriusculis obtusis.—«. radiis albis. D. albus. Lindl. MSS.— Chrysopsis alba. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 152.—Doellingeria? ptarmicoides. Nees, Ast. p. 183.— £. radiis luteis. D. lutescens. Lindl. MSS. (in Herb. nostr.) Haz. On the banks of the Saskatchawan; but rare. Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—Lake Superior. Dr. Pitcher, in Herb. Torrey.—z. and 2. Banks of the Red River, Douglas.—The outer pappus consists of very few and indistinct hairs; the inner has the hairs by no means clavate at the extremity, and therefore it can- not be a Doellingeria of Nees von Esenbeck.— Dr. Pitcher finds a single-flowered var. at Lake Superior. 2. D. canescens ; pubescenti-canus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis basi valde angus- tatis inferioribus longe petiolatis, caule simplici corymboso, ramulis unifloris elongatis folio- losis, involucri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris. Has. Between Carlton House and Edmonton House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Perhaps a variety of the following. 3. D. grandiflorus; canescens, caule subdecumbente infra basin ramoso, foliis lineari- oblongis inferioribus spathulatis, ramis plerumque simplicibus unifloris nudiusculis involu- cri foliolis angustis acutissimis hirsuto-scabris. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This is nearly allied to the preceding, but the flowers are twice as large, the plant is of more humble and less erect growth, and the ramification is different, less corymbose. 4. D. linariifolius; suffruticosus, ramis subcorymbosis unifloris, foliis linearibus patenti- bus scaberrimis serrulato-ciliatis, involucri foliolis sublaxe imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis. —Diplostephium linariifolium. Nees, Ast. p. 199.— Aster linariifolius. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 545.— Aster rigidus. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 110. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 544. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 365. Has. Canada. Mrs. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. 5. D. incanus; totus incanus, foliis linearibus mollibus distantibus acutis mucronulatis, ramis longis corymbosis monocephalis apice nudis, involucri ovati glandulosi foliolis lineari- bus multiseriatis exterioribus squarrosis. Lindl. MSS. : Has. California and N.W. Coast of America. Douglas, in Herb. Lindley.—“ D. rigido (linariifolio) proximus. Caulis 2} pedalis ab ima basi strictim racemosus, pube brevi mollis, foliis valde denudatus. Radii amzne violacei." — Lindl. 6. D. filifolius; incanus, foliis omnibus lineari-filiformibus, ramis longis subcorymbosis unifloris, involucri foliolis imbricatis angustis acutis pubescenti-scabris, radiis flavescentibus, ` pappo albo. Has. Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia and barren grounds of the interior. Douglas.—Ten inches to a foot high. Leaves very slender, an inch and a half long, almost filiform. Pappus white, exterior very short; ovary hairy. 1. D. linearis; humilis, caulibus subceespitosis erectissimplicibus apice nudiusculis unifloris, 22 COMPOSITE. [Diplopappus. foliis omnibus lineari-filiformibus subspathulatis, flore terminali, involucri foliolis angustis pubescenti-scabris, pappo fulvo. Has. Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the “ Priest's Rapid" of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas.—Four to six inches high, several stems arising from the same root, and universally bearing one flower. These flowers are old, and the corollas have fallen or are withered, the fruit with the tawny pappusalone remaining. 8. D. pinnatifidus; caulibus numerosis ex eadem radice erectis superne valde ramosis corymbosis multifloris, foliis subbipinnatifidis pilosis, segmentis angustis linearibus pilo ter- minali mucronatis, involucri foliolis lineari-subulatis mucronatis pubescentibus, radiis luteis. —An Amellus spinulosus? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 564. Radiz lignosa, fusiformis, perennis. Caules plurimi, palmares ad pedalem, erecti, superne corymboso-ramosi, ramis omnibus floriferis, Folia pinnatifida pilosa, laciniis linearibus, dentatis vel iterum pinnatifidis, pilo longiusculo terminali mucronatis. Flores copiosi flavi. Ovarium dense villosum. Pappi lacinie valde insequales, exteriores sensim minores. Receptaculum alveolatum subpaleaceo-fimbriatum. ` Has. Rocky Mountains near Jasper's Lake, rare. Drummond. * * Pappus biformis: ext. paleaceus; int. setaceus. (Flores flavi.) Chrysopsis. Nutt. Ell. 9. D. villosus; caulibus erectis patenti-villosis, superne corymbosis, foliis oblongis seu oblongo-spathulatis sessilibus acutis appresso-villosis ciliatis, ramulis floriferis pubescentibus, involucri foliolis lineari-subulatis acutis subpubescentibus ext. non raro foliaceis.— Chrysop- sis villosa. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. (et in Herb. nostr.)—Amellus villosus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 564. Has. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Common on the Red Deer and Eagle Hills of the Sas- katchawan River and banks of the Assinaboyne; also on the low hills west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific Ocean, on dry, rocky, or sandy soils. Douglas.—Pappus nearly white. Flowers yellow. 10. D. hispidus; totus pilis patentibus hispidus, foliis oblongo-spathulatis basi angustatis subpetiolatis, ramis subcorymbosis, involucri foliolis angustatis acutis glabriusculis. Has. Carlton-House Fort. Dr. Richardson.—This appears to be rare, if we may judge from the very few specimens collected. Though most allied to the preceding, it is nevertheless quite distinct. It is smaller and slenderer, the leaves more remote and more attenuated below, and they and the whole plant, even the floral branches, are clothed with long patent rigid leaves. Flowers yellow. Pappus tawny. 11. D. scaber ; hispido-scaber, foliis grosse dentatis inferioribus ovalibus longe petiolatis, caulinis lato-oblongis, ramis terminalibus subcorymbosis nudiusculis unifloris involucrisque pubescenti-glandulosis, pappo intense fulvo.—Chrysopsis scabra. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 339.—Inula scabra. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 531. Has. N.W. Coast of America, A. Menzies, Esq.—This quite accords in every essential particular with authentic specimens of Chrysopsis scabra I have received from Mr. Elliott, and with others gathered at Rio Brazos, in Texas, so that the species must have a very extensive range. 3 *** Pappus biformis: ext. brevis : int. setaceus, pilis apice incrassatis. Doellingeria. Nees. 12. D. umbellatus; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, caule angulato scabro apice corymboso-com- D Madia.) COMPOSITE, 23 posito, involucro imbricato.—Doellingeria umbellata. Nees, Ast. p. 178.—Aster umbel- latus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 199.—Chrysopsis amygdalina. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes. Mr. Cleghorn. í 13. D. amygdalinus ; foliis oblongis, caule angustato glabro apice corymboso-composito, involucro laxo.—Doellingeria amygdalina. Nees, Ast. p. 179.—Diplostephium amygdal. Cass.—Aster amygdalinus. Lam.— Mich. Am, v. 2. p. 109. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 549.— Chrysopsis humilis. Nutt. (excl. syn. Ast. cornifolii, Muhl. et Ast. infirmi, Mich., Nees.)— Aster humilis. Willd.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 9. p. 548. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 367. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack.—1 am by no means satis- fied of the permanency ofthe distinguishing characters of this and the preceding species. 61. BOLTONIA. P Hérit. " Radius 9, uniserialis. Discus 3. Pappus brevis, radii pluri- disci bi-setosus. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium erostre.—Herbse Boreali- Americane, erecta; foliis alternis, integris; ramis divaricatis florigeris monocephalis apiceque aphyllis ; ane parviusculis, radio ceruleo ; rachide conica ; involucris imbricatis. Less. 1. B. glastifolia; foliis inferioribus serratis, floribus breviter pedunculatis, seminibus ob- cordatis conspicue alatis pubescentibus aristis pappi duabus ipsorum longitudine. Pursh,— L’Herit. Sert. Angl. p. 21. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 132. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 561. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2381. Han. Canada, Goldie.—My plant does not exactly accord with either of the two species described by Pursh. The seed or achenium is oval and glabrous, as in B. asteroides; but it has the unequal pappus and the two paler longer than the rest, and the broad wings of B. glastifolia. Elliott has a third species, whose achenium is scarcely winged, and the pappus is as in our plant. May they not all be varieties of the same species? The figures and descriptions of Dr. Sims in the Botanical Magazine, B. glastifolia (t. 2381), and B. asteroides (t. 2554), do not at all help to clear the difficulties. There the two species have the most striking resemblance. 62. BRACHYRIS. Nutt. Radius uniserialis 2. Discus $. Pappus paleaceus uniserialis, paleis linearibus, 5-8. Cor. disci regularis. Achenium obconicum erostre.— Herba perennis, Boreali- Americana, erecta ; foliis anguste linearibus, integris, punctatis ; capitulis solitariis ternis, ramos fastigiatos, caulis terminalibus, radio et disco 5-floris; involucris cylindraceis; rachide nuda. Less. 1. B. Euthamie. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 163.—Solidago Sarothrz. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 540. PM High grounds of the Saskatchawan (Drummond) and Red Rivers. Douglas. 63. MADIA. Molina. Radius fcemineus, uniserialis, Discus hermaphroditus. Corolla radii lingulata, lingula triloba tubum superante. Achenium erostre, tetragono-compressum, quadricostatum, disco a 24 COMPOSITE. | "| Orinitaria.. epigyno parvo. Pappus nullus.—Herbze Chilenses et oris occidentalis Americe borealis, vis- cide, erecte; foliis alternis, semiamplexicaulibus, oblongis; capitulis luteis, terminalibus vel axillaribus; rachide plana, nuda; involucris uniserialibus, pubescentibus. Less. 1, M. viscosa; capitulis axillaribus solitariis multifloris, radiis conspicuis.—«. capitulis subsessilibusradiis parvis.— M. viscosa. Cav. Ic. v. 3. p. 50. t. 298. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.2574,— Madia mellosa. Mol.—Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. 3. t. 302. (excellent.)—M. sativa. Mol.— 8. capitulis plerisque pedunculatis, radiis magnis.—M. elegans. Don, in Bot. Heg. t. 1458. E Has. «.and g. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Douglas.—The figure in the Botanical Regis- _ ter of Madia elegans is strangely altered, by cultivation in rich garden soil, from the form exhibited by the native plants from the Columbia. These differ very slightly from the more usual appearance of JM. viscosa, as seen in specimens from Chili. : : 2. M. glomerata; capitulis (2-4) glomeratis paucifloris in corymbam terminalem dispo- sitis, radiis obsoletis. . Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Aware as I am that Madia viscosa is liable greatly to vary, I still cannot bring myself to consider the present as a state of that species. The inflorescence is a true compound corymb, the branches, which are leafy, bearing at the extremity a cluster of 3-5 few-flowered capitula, much narrower than those of M. viscosa, and apparently quite destitute of ray. This is the first time that any Madia has been found on the east side of the great chain of mountains which separates eastern from western America. 64. CRINITARIA. Cass. Capitulum homogamum discoideum multi— (pauci-)-florum. Rachis ebracteolata. Pap- pus pilosus biserialis. Achenium erostre, compressum, sericeum.— Herbse per Europam, Asiam meridionalem (et Americam septentrionalem) crescentes ; foliis alternis, confertis, lineari- bus, subintegerrimis; capitulis luteis, solitariis, ramulos corymbosim dispositos terminantibus ; involucris pauciserialibus, foliaceis. Less. & 1. C. viscidiflora ; glaberrima, foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigidis integerrimis acutissimis uni- nerviis basi angustatis, floribus fastigiato-corymbosis, pedunculis foliolosis, involucri gluti- nosi cylindrici 5-flori foliolis imbricatis oblongis exterioribus minoribus. Has. A common shrub, 2-4 feet high, on the barren plains of the Columbia, from the Great Falls to the Mountains, and along the Salmon River, N. W. America. Douglas.—My specimens of this are small and few. The species is in many respects allied to Nuttall’s Chrysocoma virgata, but that is “herbaceous,” and an inhabitant of swamps of New Jersey, near the coast. From the same author's C. graveolens it differs in the leaves being only single-nerved and the branches quite glabrous, not in the least “ pulverulently tomentose.” 2. C.? humilis; annua nana vage ramosa, ramis hic illic hirsutulis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis denticulato-ciliatis mucronulato-acutis, floribus axillaribus terminalibusque, involucri glabri foliolis linearibus exterioribus majoribus foliaceis. S * Has. On the banks of the Saskatchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummen I introduce this small plant (3—4 inches high) into this place with much hesitation; very few specimens eg in the Herbarium, and its affinity with Crinitaria is highly doubtful. The flowers, however, with the Genus, c» sufficiently accord e e RW ‘ -4 7 CS " p e n COMPOSITE. 25 + Susrnis. Il. Inutex. Capitula nunquam dioica; si heterogama floribus marginalibus Jæmineis sepissime corollas lingulatas gerentibus, reliquis 8. Rachis plerumque ebracteolata. Anthere caudate. Pappus varius, nunquam gamophyllus, hinc inde nullus. Less. $ 65. DONIA. Br. a Capitulum radiatum. Pappus setaceus, uniserialis, valde caducus, conformis, setis rigidis- simis, subcorneis. Cor. floris foeminei lingulata. Achenium erostre. Rachis ebracteolata. —Fruticuli Mezicani (Americe septentrionalis) vel Canarienses, sape viscosi, foliis alternis, semiamplexicaulibus, oblongis, dentatis ; capitulis magnis solitariis, terminalibus, luteis. Less. WW 1. D. glutinosa; caule herbaceo (* fruticoso” alior.) erecto, foliis obovato-oblongisobtusius- culis cum mucrone ante apicem mucronato-dentatis vel integerrimis, involucri glutinosi fo- liolis. exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.—Jr. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 82. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 187.—Aster glutinosus. Cass.—Doronicum. Willd.—Grindelia. Spreng. . Has. Common on dry soils, from the source of the Columbia to its confluence with the Pacific, Douglas. —Nutka. Dr. Scouler.—Our specimens have a deep, perennial tap-root, but a decidedly herbaceous stem. 2. D. squarrosa; caule herbaceo valde ramoso, foliis omnibus oblongis amplexicaulibus serratis subglaucescentibus, involucri glutinosi foliolis exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 559. Sims, Bot. Mag. p. 1106.—Grindelia squarrosa. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 33. Haz. Woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Dr. Richardson. Abundant on the banks of the Sas- -katchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummond. Plains of the Red River and vallies of the Rocky Moutains, on the east side. Douglas. 3. D. inuloides ; caule basi suffruticoso apice pubescente, foliis glabris radicalibus spathu- latis caulinis subovatis serratis basi latioribus subamplexicaulibus, pedunculis pubescentibus, involucri vix glutinosi foliolis exterioribus subulatis squarrosis.— Grindelia inuloides. Desf: in Mem. du Mus. v. 5. p. 50. t. 15.—8. ramis foliis involucrisque glanduloso-hirtis.—Grin- delia inuloides. Ker, in Bot. Heg. t. 248. (excellent.) . Has. f. Near the sources of the Multnomah River. Douglas.—The leaves of the whole upper part of the stem are ovate, acuminate, cordate at the base, and amplexicaul; and the species appears to me very distinct, although Sprengel has united it with D. squarrosa. Mr. Brown seems now inclined to unite his Genus _ Donia with Grindelia. 1 have followed Lessing in keeping them distinct. 4. D. lanceolata; herbacea, glabra, foliis rigidis ciliato-dentatis acutis radicalibus lanceola- tis longe petiolatis, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis petiolatis superioribus acuminatis basi corda- tis sessilibus amplexicaulibus, caule erecto simplici, floribus 4-5 subcorymbosis, involucri sub- tomentosi (non viscosi) foliolis oblongo-linearibus acutis imbricatis erectis exterioribus sensim ` minoribus. - BR Haz. Saskatchawan, between Carlton House and Edmonton House. Drummond.—oot fusiform, peren- nial, clothed above with the fibrous remains of the former year's root-leaves. Stem a foot and a half high. 5. D. uniflora; herbacea, subdecumbens, foliis rigidis radicalibus lanceolatis grosse acute dentatis acuminatis longe petiolatis, caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis sessilibus superioribus basi “VOL, Il. D | > ad &r * Y w 26 CAMPANULACEA. R ? [ Campanula. latioribus amplexicaulibus, caulibus simplicibus lanatis unifloris, involucri lanati foliolis laxis erectis linearibus acutis exterioribus longioribus. (Tas. CX XIV.) Radix perennis crassa fusiformis, superne foliorum vetustorum reliquiis fibrosis hispida. Caules 3-5 ex eadem radice, spithamei et ultra, basi subdecumbentes, herbacei, lanati, simplices, 1-raro—2-3-flori. Folia radicalia, numerosa, lato-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, juniora laxe lanata, grosse acute serrata, nunc, extima precipue, omnino integerrima, longe petiolata. Caulina omnia sessilia, integerrima, inferioribus oblongo- lanceolatis superioribus sensim minoribus magis acuminatis basi latioribus amplexicaulibus. Flos plerumque solitarius, magnus. Znvolucri foliola subzequalia, erecta, laxa, linearia, lanata, acuta. Radii flosculi flavi, omnes papposi, pilis numerosis scabris. Receptaculum subalveolatum. Achenia pilosa, superne prsecipue pilis erectis sericeis. i Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Tas. CXXIV.—Fig. 1, Floret of the ray; fig. 2, Floret of the disk:—magnified. COMPOSITÆ Omisse. : * / - Post Eupatorium occidentale, v. 1. p. 305, adde 5.* Eupatorium? grandiflorum; glabrum, foliis alternis petiolatis cordato-triangularibus acuminatis grosse serratis venosis, paniculz floribus glomeratis, involucri foliolis multiseriali- bus lineari-oblongis acutis striatis exterioribus e lata basi subulatis subsquarrosis, acheniis cylindraceis striatis scabridis. Haz. On the low hills between the north and south branches of Lewis and Clarke's River, in stony places. Douglas.—Three to four feet high, herbaceous. Stem rounded. Flowers large, white, clustered. The leaves bear a considerable resemblance to those of E. occidentale, but the flowers are totally different, larger than is usualin this Genus, each of many florets, and with the stigmas less exserted than usual. I possess only a solitary specimen. Bi Post Ambrosiam acanthicarpam, v. 1. p. 309, adde 4. A. trifida; elata scaberrima, foliis (amplis) petiolatis integris vel profunde 3-5-fidis serratis segmentis ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis, racemis elongatis paniculatis, fructu supra medium spinis 6 brevibus erectis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 9. p. 183. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 581. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 476. is Has. Canada. Common. Dr. Holmes (in Herb. Greville.) Orp. LII. CAMPANULACEE. Br. Secr. I. CaMPANULEX. Cor. monopetala, regularis. Anthere libere. Br. 1. CAMPANULA. (Z.) Alph. De Cand. Cal. 5-fidus, sinubus seepe appendicibus obtectis. Corolla apice 5-loba, vel 5-fida, seepius campanulata. Stam. 5, libera, filamentis basi latis et membranaceis, Stylus in alabastro pilis collectoribus (excepta ima basi) tectus. Stigmata 3-5, filiformia. Ovarium omnino inferum, 3-5-loculare. Capsula valvis 3-5, lateraliter dehiscens. Semina seepius ovata, complanata, interdum ovoidea et tunc minima.—Herbz perennes, rarius biennes v. annue $ nunc humiles el cespitantes, nunc contra 2-3-pedales, erecta et multiflore. Folia radicalia a E -< Campanula.] : CAMPANULACEZ. 27 caulinis sepissime diversa, nempe majora, longius petiolata et obtusa. Flores plerumque pe- dunculati racemosi rarius spicati v. glomerati, pro ordine majusculi, cerulei vel (in eadem specie) albi. Omnes in hemisphera boreali habitantes. Alph. D. C. 1. C. dasyantha ; foliis radicalibus ovato-acutis petiolatis crenatis glabriusculis, caulinis sessilibus lanceolatis integris pubescentibus, lobis calycinis ovato-lanceolatis acutis corolla in- fundibuliformi triplo brevioribus, sinuum appendicibus minimis subulatis. Alph. De Cand.— Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl. p. 147. Reich. Ic. v. 1. t. 85. Cham. in Limnea, v. 4. p. 37. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 230. Has. Unalaschka and Islands of Behring’s Straits. Chamisso. 2. C. petiolata; glaberrima simplex pauciflora, foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis cordatis rotundatis dentatis petiolatis marginatis, caulinis inferioribus lanceolatis remote dentatis petiolatis, superioribus linearibus integris, lobis calycinis erectis subulatis corolla campanu- lata duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 218. Haz. Slave Lake. Dr. Richardson. | 3. C. linifolia; caule erecto, foliis radicalibus paucis petiolatis ovatis sinuatis, caulinis linearibus integris, laciniis calycinis longis erectis corolla campanulata ampla duplo vel triplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 179. Henk. in zn Coll. v. 2. p. 81,—C. rotun- difolia, 8. linifolia. Rich. in Frankl. Ist Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 6.—9. Langsdorfiana ; glabra, caule erecto subunifloro, foliis radicalibus ovato-rotundatis integris, caulinis inferio- ribus obovato-lanceolatis. Alph. De Cand. Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout the woody country, from lat. 54° to 649, Dr. Richard- son. Common on the N.W. Coast, and on the banks of the Columbia, from its source to its confluence with the sea, and at Puget's Sound. Douglas. Port Wentworth and Sledge Island, Behring's Straits. Mr. Menzies.—%. Arctic America, from Greenland (Hornemann) to the Aleutian Islands. Langsdorff (in Alph. De Cand.)—My specimens from Mr. Menzies and Douglas exactly correspond with the European ones. 4. C. rotundifolia; foliis radicalibus petiolatis cordatis rotundatis crenato-dentatis, caulinis linearibus vel lanceolatis, alabastris erectis, calycis laciniis subulatis brevibus erectis corolla campanulata triplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Engl. Bot. t. 866. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 65. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 236. Alph. De Cand. Canp. p. 68. Has. Throughout the woody country, between lat. 54? and 64°. Dr. Richardson, l.c, Near Quebec. Mrs. Percival.—1 have seen no specimens from the west side of the Rocky Mountains; and, indeed, all those in Captain Franklin’s Collection are referable, I think, rather to C. linifolia, if the two be really distinct. 5. C. dubia; glabra, caule unifloro, foliis caulinis erectis angustis inferioribus lineari-lan- ceolatis, superioribus longe acuminatis, lobis calycinis subulatis corolla infundibuliformi tubulosa duplo brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 286. (et in Herb. nostr.) Haz. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison —l HE m be nee to consider this a single-flowered var, of C. linifolia. ` 6. C. pratensis; caule humili unifloro superne magis folioso, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovato- 28 CAMPANULACEE. [ Campanula. acutis subcrenatis, laciniis calycinis longe acuminatis corolla infundibuliformi 3 brevioribus. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 28'1.—8. foliis caulinis angustioribus linearibus. Alph. De Cand. Has. Near the Coast on the western side of Newfoundland. Dela Pylaie (in Alph De Cand. Camp.) 7. C. aparinoides ; glabra, caule debili ascendente simplici paucifloro angulis retro-scabro, foliis inferioribus lineari-obovatis aliis lineari-acuminatis remote denticulatis retrorsum sca- bris, lobis calycinis triangularibus corolla campanulata duplo brevioribus, capsula spheeroi- dea. Alph. De Cand.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 237. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 290.—C. erinoides. Muhl.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 263. "Haz. Canada, Mr. Goldie, From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 8. C. Scouleri; simplex vel ramosa pauciflora, foliis acute serratis glabriusculis inferioribus ovato-acutis petiolatis mediis ovato-lanceolatis superioribus lineari-lanceolatis sessilibus, floribus racemosis, calycis glabri lobis subulatis corolla 5-fida infundibuliformi triplo bre- vioribus, stylo exserto, capsula ovoidea. (Tas. CX XV.)— Hook. in Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 312.—«, hirsutula ; lobis calycinis magis erectis.—f. glabra; lobis calycinis patentissimis, foliis majoribus tenuioribus. Has. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. 8. Common in partially shaded Pine Forests, on the N.W. Coast. Plentiful about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Tas. CXXV.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Immature capsule:—magnified. 9. C. planiflora; glaberrima, caule simplici, foliis sessilibus coriaceis nitidis radicalibus con- fertis ovatis vel obovato-obtusis crenulatis, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis acutis subintegris, flori- bus spicato-racemosis, lobis calycinis ovato-acutis latis erectis corolla campanulato-rotata triplo brevioribus. Alpd. De Cand.— Lam. Dict.— Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 312.—C. ni- tida. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 1. p. 246. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 131. Has. North America; and Pursh supposes, but upon very vague authority, from Hudson's Bay. Ihave never seen any plant like it from that country, and the American Botanists seem to be unacquainted with it. 10. C. Americana ; caule simplici, foliis radicalibus ovato-acutis subcordatis petiolatis serra- tis, caulinis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis serrulatis, floribus longe spicatis, lobis caly- cinis valde acuminatis patulis corolla campanulato-rotata subbrevioribus, capsula cylindracea sulcata. Alph. De Cand.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 159. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 237. Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 314.—C. acuminata. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Pursh, l. c. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 262. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. 1. c. ; Has. On rocks about the Falls of Niagara, Mr. Cooper, (in Torrey's Fl.) —1 have never seen specimens of this from British America. 11. C. lasiocarpa; caule unifloro nudiusculo, foliis radicalibus confertis lanceolato-obo- vatis setaceo-denticulatis, petiolis ciliatis, calyce tubo villoso lobis acuminatis denticulatis, corolla infundibuliformi campanulata lobis calycinis duplo longiore, capsula subcylindracea. Alph. De Cand.—Cham. in Linnea, v. 4. p. 39. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 127.—C. algida. Fisch. MSS.— Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 338. t. 11. KA Lobelia.] CAMPANULACEE. . 29 Haz. Summits of the highest of the Rocky Mountains, near Lake La Pierre. Drummond. Unalaschka, Sledge and Hedge Islands, in Behring's Straits, Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie, in Captain Beechey's Collection. 12. C. wniflora; caule unifloro, foliis subintegris inferioribus obovatis petiolatis, mediis obovato-lanceolatis, superioribus rarioribus lineari-lanceolatis, calyce villosiusculo, lobis li- neari-acuminatis corolla infundibuliformi subequalibus, capsula cylindracea. Alph. De Cand.—Linn.— Fl. Dan. t. 1512. Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 6. iph. De Cand. Camp. p. 339. Has. Shores and Islands of the Arctic Sea, from the eastern to the western extremity. Alpine places in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 2, SPECULARIA. Heist. Calyx 5-lobus, tubo elongato prismatico vel longe obconico. Corolla rotata, 5-loba. Stam. 5, inter se libera, corolla dimidio breviora ; filamenta brevia, membranacea, pilosa; anthere filamentis longiores. Stylus inclusus, pilosus, pilis secundum ordines 10 dispositis. Stigmata tria, filiformia. Capsula longe prismatica, 3-locularis, 3-valvis, prope apicem vel paullo supra mediam partem sitis dehiscens. Semina ovoidea vel lenticularia, subcompressa, nitidissima.—Herbee annue, humiles, in regione maris Mediterranei et Europa temperata precipue habitantes: una species tantuin in America. Folia alterna, per caulem «qualiter sparsa parva; inferiora ab aliis parum dissimilia. Flores terminales et axillares, semper sessiles erecti. Corolla cerulea, rosea vel ex albo et cesio variegata, sole lucente rotata. Alph. De Cand. 1. S. perfoliata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis amplexicaulibus, floribus axillaribus longe foliaceo-spicatis, calyce glabro, tubo obconico lobis erectis lanceo- latis, corolla lobis calycinis longiore.—Alph. De Cand. Camp. p. 351.—Campanula perfo- liata. Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 160.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85.— Campanula amplexicaulis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 108. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 262. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 256. - Has. N.W. Coast of America; about the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Secr. IL Loser. Corolla irregularis (nunc 5-petala). Anthere sepe connate. Br. 3. LOBELIA. Z. Corolla tubo hinc fisso (raro integro) limbo 5-partito. Anthere connate. Stigma bila- biatum (nunc indivisum). Capsula bilocularis (raro 3-loc.), apice supero bivalvi.— Herba: (vel suffrutices) plereque lactescentes. Folia alterna integra vel laciniata, raro fistulosa. Flores racemosi, terminales vel axillares, solitarii, pedicellis bibracteatis v. nudis. Antheree sepius barbate. Br. 1. L. Dortmanna ; foliis radicalibus subcylindricis obtusis bitubulosis, scapo parce folioso, Ms racemosis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 140. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am. 2, p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 87. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 239.—L. paludosa. Pm 30 CAMPANULACEZ. [ Clintonia. Ham. Slave Lake, English River, and in a small Lake at the summit of Portage la Loche. Dr. Rich- ardson. 2. L. Kalmii; glabra, caule erecto gracili ramoso, foliis lineari-elongatis subdentatis radi- calibus brevibus spathulatis, racemis laxis paucifloris subfoliosis, pedicellis elongatis biglan- dulosis, calycis glaberrimi laciniis subulatis, germine basi attenuato.— Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 446. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 239. Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay, and in saline marshes in lat. 60°. Dr. Richardson.— The L. gracilis of Mr, Nuttall (L. Nuttallii, Roem. et Sch.), is a still slenderer plant thanthe present, with smaller flowers, shorter pedicels, bibracteate at the base, but des- titute of the two glands upon the pedicel, and the germen is obtuse at the base. 3. L. Claytoniana; erecta simplex pubescens, foliis oblongis subintegerrimis ciliatis basi attenuatis, radicalibus obovato-spathulatis, racemo gracili elongato nudo, bracteis solitariis pedicello eglanduloso longioribus, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo corollae parum brevi- oribus.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 153. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 447. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 265. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 240.—L. pallida. Muhl.—Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86.—L. spigata. Lam. Has. On the Saskatchawan, apparently rare, as very few specimens are in the Collection. Drummond. 4. L. inflata ; pubescens, caule erecto simplici vel ramoso, foliis oblongo-ovalibus denta- tis inferioribus in petiolum brevem attenuatis, racemis basi foliosis, capsulis globosis inflatis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 152. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 448. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 86. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 266. Has. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 5. L. syphilitica; subhirsuta, caule erecto simplici, foliis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque brevi- acuminatis dentatis infimis in petiolum attenuatis, racemo elongato basi folioso, calycis hir- suti laciniis subulatis tubo corolle brevioribus sinubus reflexis.— Lnn.— Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 447. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 256. Has. Lake Huron, abundant. Dr. T'odd.— Flowers blue, vastly larger than any of the preceding species, and next in size to those of L. cardinalis. 6. L. cardinalis; glabra, caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceolatis serratis, racemis elon- gatis secundis, floribus erectis, calycis glabri laciniis subulatis tubo elongato corolle brevio- ribus, staminibus exsertis.—Linn.—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 320. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 2. p. 448. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 85. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 242. Has, Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. 4. CLINTONIA. Dougl. Cal. superus, pentaphyllus, subzequalis. Corolla monopetala, bilabiata, labio inferiore cuneato trilobo superiore erecto bipartito. Stamina in tubo connata, incurva. Anthere connate, duabus apice setigeris. | Ovarium siliquiforme triangulare, contortum, uniloculare, placentis duabus parietalibus. Capsula arida, chartacea, polysperma, in valvulis => lo- Vaccinium.] VACCINIEA. 31 riformibus dehjscens.—Herba annua, procumbens, microphylla. Flores solitarii, axillares. Lindl. 1. C. elegans. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1241. Herba annua procumbens, parum ramosa, glabra. Caulis teres, angulatus. Folia sessilia, ovata, trivenia. Flores solitarii, axillares. Ovarium sessile, longe acuminatum, foliis 4—5-plo longius, triangulare, contortum. Corolla cerulea, labio inferiore medio macula alba. Anthere cwrulez. Stigma conicum, barba papillosa cir- cumdatum. Capsule foliis multoties longiores. Pollen ovale medio sulcatum. Lindl. l. c. Has, Common on overflowed grounds, near the sources of the Multnomack, and in the vallies of the western side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.—1 have preferred giving Professor Lindley's remarks upon this interesting plant, made from living specimens, to any I could offer from the dried one. Thesame able Botanist observes that it exhibits an inst of unilocular fruit with parietal placente, in an Order which has multilocular fruit and axile placent; yet, what is very remarkable, this deviation from the normal structure of the Order is unaccompanied by any corresponding irregularity in the other parts of the fructi- fication. As cultivated in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, “it forms one of the most beautiful annuals with which we are acquainted. Notwithstanding the want of spreading foliage to give its flowers effect, the latter are of so brilliant a colour, that the plants, when grown in broad patches, resemble a carpet of silver and blue.” : On». LIII. VACCINIEZE. De Cand. 1. VACCINIUM. Linn. Cal. ovario adhaerens limbo 4-5-dentato. Cor. l-petala, ovata, campanulata seu rotata limbo 4-5-fido. Stam. 8, perigyna. Anthere bicornes apice poris dehiscentes, dorso non raro bisetose. Ovarium subglobosum. Stylus simplex. Stigma obtusum. Bacca globosa, 4—5-locularis. Semina pauca, minuta. Frutices humiles. Folia sparsa latiuscula, decidua vel persistentia exstipulata. Flores sepe ante folia, solitarii vel racemosi, nutantes, inodori, sepissime incarnati. Bacce plerumque edules. A. corollis ovatis seu campanulatis. Vaccinium. ` * Foliis deciduis. Floribus racemosis. 1. V. resinosum ; foliis brevi-petiolatis ovali-oblongis integerrimis opacis subtus priecipue resinoso-punctatis, racemis lateralibus secundis bracteatis, corollis ovatis subangulatis.— dit. — Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 230. Bot. Mag. t. 1288. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 286. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 498. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. p. 416. Han. Canada. Pursh. Mrs. Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond, 2. V. corymbosum ; ramis floriferis subaphyllis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis junioribus pubescentibus, racemis compactis bracteatis, corollis ovato-cylindraceis.— Linz. —Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 286. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 498. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. SC Un. St. v. 1. p. 416. =V. Sege Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 231.—V. amenum. Ait.— Pursh. ` Has. About Quebec. Cleghorn. Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. "Todd. Newfoundland. Dr. Mor- rison.—Pursh describes the berries as black, Bigelow, as being covered with a blue powder. 32 VACCINIEJE. [ Vaccinium. 3. V. Pennsylvanicum ; folis sessilibus ovali-lanceolatis subserrulatis junioribus nervis pubescentibus, racemis fasciculatis subterminalibus, corollis ovatis.— Lam. Dict. v. 1. p. 12. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 232. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 416.— V. tenellum. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 150. (non Ait.) Has. From Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison.—This appears to be a very common species in Canada, judging from the number and various localities of the specimens that have been sent to me, Some of these, indeed, so far as can be judged in the dried state, seem to be very nearly allied to V. corymbosum, differing chiefly in the smaller size, more frequently serrulated leaves which are most copious on the flowering branches, and the shorter corollas. Berries clothed with a blue farina. 4. V. Canadense ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis subtus precipue pubescentibus ad nervos patenti-hirsutis, floribus fasciculato-racemosis, corollis ovatis.—Rich. in Frankl. lst Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Has. Throughout Canada from Lake Huron (Drummond,) to Bear Lake, (Dr, Richardson,) and from Missinabbie River, Hudson's Bay (Mr. Bolton, Douglas,) to the sources of the Columbia, ( Drummond,) and thence probably to the mouth of that river, (Douglas.)—Of this, the flowers, fruit, and the foliage, in shape, very much resemble those of V. Pennsylvanicum, but the leaves, especially below, and in the oldest state, are clothed with a rather copious pubescence, and the nerves are rendered more conspicuous by the abundant spreading hairs, Berries as in the preceding species. * * Foliis deciduis. Pedunculis unifloris. 5. F. uliginosum ; foliis obovatis obtusis integerrimis subtus glaucis venosis, floribus sub- solitariis, corollis ovatis.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 581, (foliis nimis acutis.) Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 235. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288. Rich. in Frankl. \st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 12. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 153. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 417. Has. From the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay to the extreme Arctic shores and islands, Dr, Rich. ardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. N,W. coast of America, probably far north of the Columbia. Mr. Menzies. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—In the low lands this plant does not appear to exist south of the Saskatchawan. In the United States, the summits of the White Hills of New Hampshire, where it was first detected by Dr. Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, is the only known station for it. A variety, slightly downy on the underside, found in Greenland, is the V. pubescens of Hornemann in Fl. Dan., of which specimens are in my Herbarium. 6. Y. salicinum ; foliis cuneato-lanceolatis cuspidatis integerrimis glaberrimis subcoria- ceis reticulato-venosis, floribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis axillaribus. Cham. in Linnea > v. 1. p. 525. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso, ( in Herb. nostr.)—This has remarkably narrow and cuspidate leaves. 1. V. myrtilloides ; foliis ovalibus utrinque acutiusculis subserratis opacis membranaceis juni- oribus ad nervos subpubescentibus, floribus ovato-globosis axillaribus solitariis.—Mich. Am. v. 1 p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288.— V. angustifolium, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed, 1.538. macrophylla ; foliis majoribus. V. Myrtillus, var. Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.—V. membranaceum. Dougl. MSS.—7.? rigidum ; foliis subcoriaceis. Vaccinium.] VACCINIE 4, 33 Haz. Canada to Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Newfoundland and Labrador. (Ait.) Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Hills and alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids and vallies on the west side of the Rocky Mountains; a common fruit, purplish-brown, and much esteemed by the natives. Douglas.—$8. and y. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies.—Michaux's name is certainly very applicable to this plant; more so than his character of the leaves (folia angusto-lanceolata). On the other hand, Aiton's character, especially of the leaves (elliptico-lanceolata), is more correct than his name; hence I have preferred Michaux's, though the Hortus Kewensis has the right of priority. Iam doubtful about Mr. Menzies’ plant, which has thicker and more coriaceous, and somewhat shining foliage. 8. P. Myrtillus; ramis acute angulatis viridibus, foliis ovatis serratis glaberrimis nitidis, floribus solitariis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 456.—f. microphyllum; foliis 2-3 lineas longis. Has. Unalaschka? Chamisso.—f. Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage. Drum- mond,—The specimens have no flower, but there can be no question of this plant being a variety of V. Myr- tillus. Chamisso’s specimens from Unalaschka were so imperfect that he could not determine whether they really belonged to this species or not; their leaves are said to be entire at the margin, or with a very few and obsolete teeth. 9. V. cespitosum; pusillum, ramis ceespitosis, foliis obovatis basi cuneatis membranaceis serratis venosis nitidis, floribus (numerosis) solitariis, corollis oblongis suburceolatis, anthera- rum poris longe tubulosis. (Tas. CXXVI.)— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 234. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 288.— 8. foliis majoribus. Radix longe descendens. Caules breves, ceespitosi. Folia densa, parva, obovata vel oblongo-ovata, basi cuneato-attenuata, serrata, membranacea, reticulatim venosa, Flores numerosi, solitarii, pendentes, Pedi- celli breves. Corolla oblonga, suburceolata, 5-dentata. Anthere loculi superne valde producti, tubulosi, dorso longissime aristati. Bacce magn, globose, cæruleo-cæsiæ, edules. Has. About Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Dry elevated spots, and in pine woods of the Rocky Mountains; about Lake Winipeg, and on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. In the vallies on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.—f. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies. Tas. CXXVI.—Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Stamen; ‚ig. 3, Pistil. 10. Y. ovalifolium; foliis ellipticis muticis membranaceis integerrimis glabris subtus præ- cipue venosis, ramulis angulatis, floribus ante folia bracteatis solitariis, corollis oblongo-ovatis. (Tas. CXXVII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. Frutex 10-12-pedalis. Rami teretes, glabri: ramuli angulati. Folia adulta unciam longa, elliptica, mem- branacea, glabra, subtus precipue venosa. Flores axillares, solitarii, pendentes, e fasciculis foliorum juniorum terminalium, bracteati; bracteis ovatis, concavis, caducis. Corolla ovato-oblonga, suburceolata. Anthera loculi superne longe producti tubulosi, dorso bisetose. Bacca cesio-nigra. Has. North-west Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Columbia River, near its confluence with the Sea, (Dr. Scouler), and on the mountains of the Grand Rapids. Douglas. Woods at the junction of the Portage River and the Columbia. . Tas. CXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Tuft of young leaves, and a flower; jig. 2, Front view of a stamen: fig. 3, Back view of do.; fig. 4, Flower:—magnified. 11. Y. parvifolium; foliis ellipticis mucronatis integerrimis membranaceis glabris subtus glaucis venosis, caule ramisque acute angulatis, floribus solitariis, corollis globosis. (Taz. CXXVIII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. VOL. II. E 34 VACCINIE A. [Vaccinium. Tota glabra. Caulis acute tetragonus, angulis fere alatis, ramis acute angulatis, Folia alterna, sub- disticha, elliptica, mucronata, membranacea, integerrima, glabra, supra obscure subtus magis venosa subglauca. Flores axillares, penduli. Pedunculi superne incrassati. Corolla globosa, 5-fida. Anthere fere utin V. ova- lifolio. > Bacce rubrze. Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Common at Fort Vancouver, and along the sea-shore of the Co- lumbia, in shady woods. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Tas. CXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Anther :—magnified. *** Foliis senpervirentibus. 12. Y. Vitis Idea; foliis obovatis subtus pallidis punctatis marginibus parum revolutis subintegerrimis, racemis brevibus terminalibus nutantibus, corollis campanulatis, antheris muticis.— Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 598. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 229. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 269. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 150. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 418. Has. Canada (Pursh), and from Newfoundland (Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton) and Labrador (Dr. Mor- rison) to Hudson's Bay (Douglas). Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. N.W. Coast. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.) Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.) E 13. V. ovatum; ramis hispidis, foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis coriaceis glabris nitidis margine serratis revolutis, racemis brevibus axillaribus nutantibus, corollis campanulato-glo- bosis 5-dentatis, dentibus calycinis majusculis acutis.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1354. Has. Columbia. Menzies. Lewis. Common in rocky places on the N.W. Coast, from lat. 40° to 490, Douglas. Dr. Scouler.—Fruit black and pleasant. Douglas. 14. V.obtusum; repens, foliis parvis utrinque rotundatis obtusis mucronatis integerrimis glabris coriaceis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Has. North-West Coast. Menzies. (in Herb. Banks. according to Pursh.) — This is placed by Pursh among the species with evergreen persistent leaves; but it is a plant unknown to myself, asit was to Sir James E. Smith. B. Corollis rotatis. Oxycoccos. 15. Y. Oxycoccos; repens filiformis, foliis persistentibus ovatis acutis coriaceis glabris aveniis subtus glaucis, pedunculis 1-4 elongatis terminalibus, corollis 4-partitis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 228. Engl. Bot. t. 319.—Oxycoccos vulgaris. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 263. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 394.—O. palustris, «. Pers.— Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 12. : Has. Canada. Pursh. Swampy places, from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), Newfoundland (Mr. Cormack, Miss Brenton), Labrador (Dr. Morrison) to the Rocky Mountains, (Drummond), and to the Arctic sea- shore. Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, &c. 16. V. macrocarpum; repens, ramis erectis, foliis persistentibus oblongis coriaceis glabris venosis subtus albidis, pedunculis lateralibus elongatis basi bracteatis aphyllis, corollis 4-par- titis.—4it.— Bot. Mag. t. 2086. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 154.—V. Oxycoccos, 8. oblongi- folium. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 228.—Oxycoccos macrocarpus. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 268. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 393. Gaultheria.] ERICEZ. ) 35 Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Mr. Cormack. Miss Brenton. Plentiful in swampy grounds near the con- fluence of the Columbia with the Pacific, where its berries are boiled and eaten by the natives under the name of Soolabich. Douglas. SUBCL. COROLLIFLORE. DC. Or. LIV. ERICEZE. Juss. 1. GAULTHERIA. Z. Cal. 5-4-fidus, basi carnosus infra bracteatus. Corolla ovata, limbo brevi 5-4-fido. , Stam. 10-8. Filamenta plana seepe hirsuta, imz corollee inserta v. hypogyna. Anthere apice bifide, lobis biaristatis vel muticis. Discus hypogynus 5-10-dentatus vel nullus. Capsula calyce baccato inclusa, 5-locularis, valvis medio septiferis. Semina angulata. EG procumbens; caule procumbente, ramis erectis inferne nudis, foliis obovatis basi at- tenuatis ciliato-serratis, floribus aggregatis subterminalibus nutantibus, disco hypogyno 5-dentato, filamentis pilosis, antheris bisetosis.— Linn.—Mich. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1.p. 283. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 501. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 164. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 412. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard; and this seems to be its most northern limit. ; 2. G. Myrsinites; humilis, ramis czespitosis radicantibus, foliis late ovatis ciliato-serratis, floribus solitariis pluri-bracteatis, corolla vix calycem longiori, antheris muticis, filamentis glabris, disco hypogyno nullo. (Tas. CX XIX.) Caulis brevis, ramosus ; rami plurimi, czespitosi, procumbentes, longe radicantes. Folia late ovata, coriaceo- membranacea, nitida, venosa, ciliato-serrata. Flores minuti, solitarii, axillares. Pedunculi perbreves, brac- teati, bracteis 4-5 ovatis. Ca/yz basi carnosus, limbo 5-fidus. Corolla vix calyce longior, 5-fida, subcam- panulata. Filamenta pistillo paulo breviora, glabra. Anthere oblonge vix apice bifide, aristis nullis. Dis- cus hypogynus nullus. Ovarium depresso-globosum, 5-lobum, calycis basi carnosa incrassata insidens. Stylus cylindraceus. Stigma simplex. Fructus; capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, calyce ampliato baccato rubro tecta; valvis medio septiferis. Semina numerosa, reniformi-angulata, exarillata, nitida, fusca. Albumen carnosum. Embryo axilis, cylindraceus. Has. Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 54%, Drummond.—T his beautiful little plant is loaded with scarlet berries, which its discoverer describes as “ delicious, and resembling the pine-apple in flavour.” The anthers differ from those of the other known Gaultherie, but the rest of the fructification and the habit entirely correspond with the present Genus. I ought to observe that the flower is drawn from the only two blossoms 1 could find on the whole of the specimens, and that appearing at an unusual season (while the fruit is in perfection) they were probably smaller than usual, scarcely a line in length, and quite concealed among the foliage. Tas. CXXIX.— Fig. 1, Leaf; fig. 2, Flower; jig. 3, Corolla; fig. 4, Stamens and Pistil; fig. 5, 5, Back and front view of a stamen; jig. 6, Pistil; go, 7, Section of the ovary ; fig. 8, 8, Fruits; fig. 9, Section of a capsule which has burst, surrounded by the fieshy calyx, and seated upon its thickened base (as in G. pro- cumbens and G. hispidula); fig. 10, 10, Seeds; fig. 11, Section of a seed: —magnified. 36 ERICEJE. [Arbutus. 3. G. hispidula; caule repente filiformi hispido, foliis parvis late ovatis subintegerrimis ciliatis aveniis subtus preecipue hispidis, floribus solitariis 4-fidis, filamentis suborbiculatis pubescentibus, antherze loculis biaristatis, disco hypogyno nullo.— Muhl.— Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 413. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 165.—G. serpyllifolia. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. t.13. (fig. mala).—Vaccinium hispidulum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 223. t. 23. Has. Swamps. Newfoundland, Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton. Throughout Canada, and as far as the banks of the Saskatchawan (Dr. Richardson), and thence to the Height of Land on the Rocky Mountains, and to the sources of the Columbia on the West side. Drummond. 4. G. Shallon; suberecta, foliis subcordato-ovatis acutis serratis coriaceis marginibus ra- misque junioribus hispidis, racemis secundis elongatis multifloris bracteatis, pedicello infra - medium bibracteato, corollis ovato-globosis viscidis glandulosis, antherz loculis bisetosis, disco hypogyno nullo.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 284. t. 12. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2843. Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1411.—G. fruticosa. Menzies, (in Herb. nostr.) Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Dr. Scouler. Common over a vast extent of country, from Cape Mendocina to Puget Sound, but never extending 100 geographical miles from the coast. Douglas.—A truly beautiful plant, with the leaves often 4 inches long, and racemes still longer, of a delicate waxy appearance. The fruit is much esteemed by the natives, and made into cakes, which keep for a great length of time, It is now introduced by Mr. Douglas and Dr. Scouler to our gardens, where it is a great acquisition, bearing copious bl and abundant fruit. . 2. ARBUTUS. Calyx parvus, 5-partitus. Corolla ovata v. globosa limbo 5-dentato reflexo, basi ssepe diaphana. Stam. 10 basi corolle inserta. Anthere loculi apice poro dehiscentes, dorso aris- tato. Discus hypogynus decangularis. Stigma obtusum. Bacca 5-locularis, polysperma, nunc Drupa subglobosa, putamine 5-loculari, loculis monospermis. * Bacca polysperma. Arbutus. 1. A. laurifolia ; arborea, foliis oblongis utrinque acuminatis acute serratis glabris, racemis axillaribus secundis sessilibus solitariis. Linn. Suppl. p. 238. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282. Has. North America. Linneus: and Pursh suspects on the N. W, Coast, at the Columbia; which is the more probable, as no true Arbutus (excluding Arctostaphylos) is found on the East side of the Rocky Mountains, 2. A. Menziesii; arborea, foliis ovalibus integerrimis vel subserratis coriaceis petiolatis gla- berrimis subtus glaucis, racemis elongatis compositis paniculatis densis pubescentibus, baccis rugosis polyspermis.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 143.—A. procera. Dougl. MSS. in Hort. Soc. Lond. Has. North-west Coast. Mr. Menzies. Common at Puget Sound, Columbia River, and N. California, at- taining a large size in hilly situations. Douglas.—This is so closely allied to A. Andrachne, especially to my specimens from southern Tauria, that 1 have hesitated about keeping it distinct. The leaves are perhaps larger; but the figure of that species in Bot. Register, t. 113, admirably represents our plant. 3. A. tomentosa; fruticosa erecta, foliis brevi-petiolatisacutis coriaceis ovalibus ovatisve nunc subcordatis integerrimis junioribus pubescenti-tomentosis, racemis compositis brevibus termi- nalibus congestis folio brevioribus. (Tas. CXX X.)—«. hispida; ramis setosis, setis longis Andromeda.] ERICER. 37 patentibus.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 282. Hook. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 144.— Arc- tostaphylos tomentosa. Douglas, MSS.—8. nuda; ramorum setis nullis. Has. Columbia. Menzies. Common on rocky places of the N.W. Coast, from California in the south, to Puget Sound in the north. Douglas.—This plant has, perhaps, a considerable geographical range. From Professor Lindley I possess a specimen gathered at Vera Cruz. Not having seen the fruit, I am doubt- ful whether this species belongs to the present or to the following division of the Genus. Tas. CXXX.—Arbutus tomentosa.— Fig. 1, var. «.; Jig. 2, Flower and bractea; fig. 3, Stamen, magni- fied; fig. 4, var. 8.:—nat. size. ** Drupa putamine 5-loculari, loculis monospermis. Arctostaphylos. 4, A. alpina; caule procumbente, foliis obovatis basi attenuatis serratis membranaceis marcescentibus reticulatim rugosis, racemo paucifloro terminali.— Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 2030. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13. Has. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Canada. Pursh. Throughout the woody country, from lat. 54° to 64%. Dr. Richardson. Alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—Berries black. 5. A. Uva Ursi; caule procumbente, foliis obovatis integerrimis coriaceis nitidis sem- pervirentibus basi attenuatis subtus preecipue reticulatis, racemo terminali foliis brevi- ore, — Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 249. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 283. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p.165. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 411. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13. Has. Throughout Canada, and as far as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson. Com- mon on the North-west Coast. Douglas. Dr. Scouler.—On the shores of the Columbia, the leaves are dried at the fire, pounded or bruised by the natives, and mixed with tobacco to render it more mild. It is the J5s-salth of the Chenook Indians. 3. ANDROMEDA. L. Cal. 5-partitus, coloratus. Cor. campanulata vel urceolata, limbo 5-dentato reflexo. Stam. 8-10 basi corollae inserta, Anthere bicornes, apice poro gemino dehiscentes. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, polysperma, valvis medio septiferis. * Foliis sempervirentibus. 1. A. hypnoides; procumbens humilis, foliis laxe imbricatis lineari-subulatis, pedunculis solitariis unifloris terminalibus, corolla campanulata 5-fida obtusa, stylo ovato-acuminato, antheris aristis 2 longissimis.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 291. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2936. Has. North-West Coast. Nelson, in Herb. Banks. (Pursh.) Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Kohlmeister. 2. A. Stelleriana; caule filiformi procumbente, foliis 4—6-fariis linearibus patentissimis ob- tusis supra planis dorso obtuse carinatis, pedunculo brevi terminali subsolitario arcuato, calyce 5-phyllo, corolla lato-campanulata subpentapetala, stylo ovato-acuminato, antheris aristis duabus longissimis. (Tas. CXXXI1.)—Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 58. t. 14. f. 2.—Menziesia Stelleriana. Fisch. in Herb. nostr. —Erica Stelleriana. Willd.—Spreng. Caulis filiformis, procumbens, inferne radicans; ramis erectiusculis subsimplicibus. Folia 4-6-faria, 38 > ERICEJE. (Andromeda. linearia, integerrima, obtusa, patentissima, plus minus reflexa, supra plana, subtus dorso obtuse canaliculato. Pedunculus subsolitarius, terminalis, brevis, curvatus, uniflorus. Flos nutans. Calyx pentaphyllus, foliolis ovalibus obtusis valde concavis. Corolla lato-campanulata, profunde 5-partita, fere 5-petala. Filamenta subulata. Anthere didyme, dorso aristis duabus longissimis deflexis. Ovarium globosum, rugosum, Stylus ~ basi insigniter incrassatus. ‘ Has. North-West Coast of America, probably on Banks’ Islands. Mr. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.)—1 am indebted for a small but original Pallasian specimen of this beautiful plant to Dr. Fischer, with which this exactly corresponds. Tas. CXXXI. Andromeda Stelleriana.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; ‚fig. 3, Pistil; fig. 4, 5, Anthers; Jig. 6, 7, Leaves:—magnified. 3. A. lycopodioides; caule filiformi diffuso vage ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte imbricatis appressis ovatis brevibus crassis obtuse carinatis, pedunculis subgeminis axillaribus, corollis campanulatis.— Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 55. t. 13. f. 1. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 516. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—At first sight this plant resembles a small state of A. tetragona, but it is truly distinct; much slenderer in all its parts, the branches more diffuse and flexuose, the leaves not furrowed on the back, the flowers fewer but larger, and the corolla more campanulate. 4. A. cupressina ; caule suberecto valde subpinnatim ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte im- bricatis appressis lato-lanceolatis carinatis, pedunculis solitariis lateralibus. à Has. Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking River, lat. 46°. Drummond.—This partakes of some of the characters of the preceding and following species, yet is quite distinct from both ; it has nearly the same firm and stout habit as A. tetragona, and is about of the same size; but, like A. lycopodioides, it wants the dor- sal sulcus. Its leaves are longer and narrower than either, and distinctly, and often rather sharply carinated. It is probably a rare, and exelusively an alpine species; very few specimens are in the Collection, and those mostly in fruit. Capsule bearing the dissepimentin the middle of the valves, as is probably the case with all the quadrifariously-leaved species, hence they are true Andromeda, not Menziesi@, whither Dr. Fischer is disposed to refer them. The beautiful A. ericoides, which I have received from Dr. Fischer and Chamisso, and A. Redowskii, which 1 possess from Professor Lehmann, seem to be exclusively Siberian plants, and not to have been found on the opposite or American side of Behring's Straits. 5. A. tetragona; caule suberecto fere pinnatim ramoso, foliis quadrifariis arcte imbricatis appressis ovato-lanceolatis subtriquetris sulco dorsali, pedunculis solitariis axillaribus spar- sis, corollis ovato-campanulatis.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 290. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3181. Has. From lat, 54? to the Arctic Islands (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, $c.) and from Labra- dor on the east (Kohimeister, Dr. Morrison), to the Rocky Mountains, both on the east and on the west side (Douglas). Unalaschka. Chamisso.—Its southern limit is perhaps lat. 44%, where Mr. Douglas finds it on Mount Hood of the Columbia River. 6. A. polifolia; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subtus glaucescenti-albidis, pedunculis aggregatis unifloris terminalibus.— Zinz.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 954. Engl. Bot. t. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 291. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 167. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 419. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13. Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) to the Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Pursh. Kohimeister.—' The more northern specimens are smaller, and have much narrower leaves, Menziesia.] : ERICEJE, 39 1. A. calyculata; foliis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis serrulatis squamuloso-furfuraceis sub- tusque preecipue ferrugineis, racemis terminalibus foliosis secundis, pedicellis bracteatis, co- rollis ovato-cylindraceis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 254. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 33. t. 11. F 1. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 485. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 419. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 166. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 13. Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd), throughout the woody, and part of the barren country. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. ** Foliis deciduis. 8. A. racemosa; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis membranaceis serrulatis glabris, spicis termi- nalibus secundis simplicibus v. ramosis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, calycibus acutis, corollis cylindraceis, antheris aristis quatuor.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 255. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 294. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 492. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 167. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 420. —A. paniculata. Linn. Has. Canada. Pursh.—The flowers are said to be very fragrant. 9. A. ligustrina; pubescens, foliis obovato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis, ramis floriferis terminalibus paniculatis subaphyllis, floribus secundis, corollis subglobosis pubescentibus, antheris muticis.— MuAl.— Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 490. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 421. — Vaccinium ligustrinum. ZLinn.— Andromeda paniculata. JVilld.— Mich. Aen, v. 1. p. 254. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 295.—Lyonia paniculata. Nutt. Has. Canada. Pursh. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The Genus Zyonia is distinguished by Mr. Nuttall from Andromeda by the 5 valves of the capsule being closed by 5 other, and marginal narrow ones. But these narrow marginal ones appear to be only a parenchymatous substance filling up the spaces formed by the introflexion of the true valves, and generally falling away when the capsules have burst; but not unfre- quently remaining attached to one or other of the valves. Dr. Torrey informs us that Mr. Nuttall himself now hardly considers the Genus tenable. 4. MENZIESIA. Sm. Cal. 4-5-partitus seu 5-phyllus. Cor. monopetala urceolata v. campanulata, limbo 4—5- dentato. Stam. 8-10, basi corollae inserta. Anthere mutice, apice poro gemino dehiscen- tes. Capsula 4—5-locularis, 4—5-valvis, polysperma, dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum. * Foliis persistentibus. 1. M. cerulea ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis denticulatis, floribus (3-6) fructibusque longe pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis, corollis ovoideis subpubescentibus (roseis), stigmate incrassato capitato incluso.—Sw.— Engl. Bot. t. 2469. Pursh, Fl, Am. v. 1. p. 265. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 515. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 149. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 394. — Andromeda caerulea. Linn.—A. taxifolia. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 64. t. 12. f. 2. Has. Labrador. Sir Jos. Banks. Kohlmeister. Dr. Morrison.—1t is not certain that this is found any where in North America, except Labrador. In the alpine interior its place is taken by other allied and equally beautiful species. On the N.W. Coast, Chamisso only detected M. Aleutica, which is, perhaps, the one seen by Steller, whom Pallas mentions as having found M. cerulea * on the islands and continent of Ame- rica, opposite Kamtsckatka." 40 ERICEJE. [Menziesia. 2. M. Aleutica; folis linearibus obtusis denticulatis ciliatis, floribus (10-15) breviter fructibus longe pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis, corollis (ochroleucis) glabris subglobosis, stigmate cum stylo clavzformi squali.— Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 515.—M. phylicifolia. Fisch. in Herb. nostr. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso. 3. M. glanduliflora ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obsolete glandulosis glanduloso-ser- rulatisque, floribus (4-6) longiusculi-pedunculatis, pedunculo calycibus acuminatis corollisque globoso-conicis (flavis) glanduloso-pubescentibus, stylo incluso. (Tas. CX XXII.) Has. Rare in the Alpine woods and mountains north of the Smoking River, lat. 56%. Drummond.—A very beautiful and distinct species, 6—7 inches high, with each one of its copious and subfasciculated branches bearing 5-6 gracefully drooping yellow flowers, clothed, as well as the peduncles, with a rather thick glan- dular down. Tas. CXXXIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; fig. 3, Calyx and pistil; fig. 4, 4, Stamens; fig. 5, Upper, and fig. 6, Under side of a leaf: —magnified. : 4. M. empetriformis ; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis glanduloso-denticulatis subtus ca- naliculatis, floribus (10-12) longe pedunculatis, calycibus glabris obtusis, corollis campanulatis (roseis) glabris, stylo incluso.—Sm. in Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 380. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 252. Has. Nutka on the N. W. Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Pursh gives the Rocky Mountains, and near the mouth of the Columbia River, as other stations, upon the authority of M. Lewis. 5. M. Grahamii; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obsolete glanduloso-denticulatis, floribus (10-12) longiusculi pedunculatis, calycibus obtusis, corollis brevi-campanulatis (roseis) glabris, stylo filiformi exserto.— M. empetriformis. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3176. (nec Sm.) Haz. Alpine woods and open elevated situations of the Rocky Mountains, lat. 55%, Drummond.—On com- paring the specimens of this plant with the original M. empetriformis from Mr. Menzies, I cannot but think them truly distinct. The latter is a much stouter and taller plant, the branches clothed with a smooth white shining bark, the leaves are flatter and thinner towards the edges, the margins distinctly toothed, and so curved back as to form a dorsal groove (“ concave beneath,” Sm.), the flowers are longer, and the style is included. 6. M. intermedia; decandra, foliis linearibus obtusis obscure glanduloso-serratis, floribus (4-7) sublonge pedunculatis, calycibus acuminatis basi subglandulosis, corollis (pallide ro- seis) cylindraceo-campanulatis glabris, stylo incluso. Haz. Woods and open places in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The longer and less expanded co- rolla, included style, and acuminated calycine segments, distinguish this from M. Grahamii, as do the cam- panulate corolla, nearly entire leaves, and smaller size of the whole plant, from M. cerulea. ** Foliis deciduis. 1. M. ferruginea; octandra, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acutis apice glandula api- culata ciliato-serratis supra pilis longis appressis strigosis subtus pallidis glabriusculis ad cos- tam paleaceis paleis subulatis, pedunculis glanduloso-pilosis, calyce 4-lobo lobis rotundatis fimbriato-glandulosis, corolla ovato-cylindracea.—Sm. Plant. Ic. t. 56. Has. North-West Coast, Mr. Menzies. Mouth of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Kalmia] | ERICEE. | 41 8. M. globularis; octandra, foliis obovatis obtusis glandula mucronatis basi attenuatis minute ciliato-serratis supra subpubescentibus subtus glaucescentibus glabris costs paleis subulatis minutis, pedunculis glandulosis, calyce 4-lobo fimbriato glanduloso, corolla globoso- campanulata.—** Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 44.” Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 264. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 395.—M. Smithii. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 235.—M. ferruginea, 8. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1571. Han. Alpine woods north of the Smoking River, in lat. 569. Drummond.—This plant, which does not appear to be known to any of the living American Botanists, seems nevertbeless to have an exten- sive range, being found in Pennsylvania by Muhlenberg, according to Pursh, and on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina by Michaux, according to Pursh and Dr. Sims, for Michaux's Flora gives no station. It has been cultivated in the English Gardens, and the Botanical Magazine exhibits an excellent represen- tation of our plant. The constantly obovate, more membranaceous leaves, glaucous beneath, the compara- tively obsolete glands and hairs, and the different shape of the corolla, will surely abundantly distinguish this species from the true M. ferruginea, which is, besides, exclusively a native of the shores of the Pacific. The latter becomes almost black when dry; the former remains of a delicate green. 5. KALMIA. LZ. Cal. 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. rotato-campanulata, limbo 5-fido patente. Foveole 5 sub limbo, antheras biporosas recipientes, extus totidem tuberculis prominula. Stam. basi corolle inserta. Anthere mutice. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis: dissepimenta e marginibus introflexis valvarum, 1. K.latifolia; foliis petiolatis alternis ternatisque coriaceis ovali-lanceolatis acutis utrinque viridibus, corymbis terminalibus pubescenti-glaucis viscidis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. .p. 258. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 115. Pursh, Fl. Am.v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 169. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 431. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 422. Has. Canada. Pursh. 2. E angustifolia; foliis petiolatis ternatis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis coriaceis subtus sub- ferrugineis, corymbis lateralibus terminalibusque, pedunculis calycibusque pubescenti-glan- dulosis. Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 331. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl, Bost. ed. 2. p. 110. Has. Throughout Canada, to Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Mrs. Percival. Newfouudland. Mr. Cormack. Miss Brenton. ‚3. K. glauca; ramis ancipitibus, foliis oppositis subsessilibus oblongis coriaceis glaberri- mis marginibus revolutis subtus glaucis, corymbis terminalibus, pedunculis calycibusque glaberrimis.— Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 64. t. 8. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 257. Curt. Bot. Mag. p. 117. Pursh, Fl. Am..v. 1. p. 296. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 110. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 423.—8. rosmarinifolia ; foliis linearibus marginibus magis revolutis subtus vix glau- cis. Ph.—y. microphylla; foliis vix semipollicaribus subovalibus. ` Has. æ. and D throughout Canada, from Lake Huron, extending beyond the woody regions, but scarcely, I believe, to the Arctic Circle. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Miss Brenton. On low 'swampy grounds of the Columbia, near the Pacific, rare. Douglas. —y. Swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. VOL. II. F í 42 ERICEJE. [Rhododendron. 6. EPIGAA. L. Cal. 5-partitus, bracteis tribus suffultus. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo intus hirsuto, limbo patente quinquefido. Stam. basi corollee inserta. Anthere rimis geminis longitudine de- hiscentes. Stigma sublobatum. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis, polysperma; valvarum margini- bus introflexis dissepimenta formantibus. l. E. repens; ramis petiolis nervoque hirsutissimis, foliis cordato-ovatis integerrimis, corollis cylindricis.— Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 250. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 297. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 501. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 164. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 428. Has. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. Dr. Morrison. Throughout Canada, (Michaux, Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppard,) and as far as the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 7. RHODORA. L. ; Cal. 5-dentatus, persistens. Cor. calyci adnata, ringens, subdipetala; petalo superiore profunde bi-tripartito, inferiore latiore bilobo. Stam. declinata; filamenta inæqualia. An- there biporosæ. Caps. 5-locularis, 5-valvis, loculis polyspermis; dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum. 1. R. Canadensis.—Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 259. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 144. Pursh, El. Am. v. 1. p. 298. Has. Canada, near Sorel. Michaux. About Quebec. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. Newfoundland. Mr. Cormack. 8. RHODODENDRON. Don. Torrey. Cal. profunde 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. infundibuliformi-campanulata, rarius rotata, limbo 5-lobo patente lobis nunc subinæqualibus. Stam. 5-10, hypogyna, sæpe declinata. Anthere apice biporosæ. Stigma capitatum. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis; dissepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum, Semina arillata. * Floribus pentandris (foliis deciduis.) 1. R. nudiflorum ; subnudiflorum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis utrinque glabriusculis conco- loribus nervo supra lanuginoso subtus setigero margine ciliatis, floribus amplis non viscosis, tubo laciniis longiore, calycis dentibus brevibus ovali-subrotundis, staminibus longissime ex- sertis. Ph.— Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 424.—Azalea nudiflora. Linn.—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 180. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 240. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 82.—A. periclymenoides. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 151. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 153. Has. Canada. Pursh. 2. H. viscosum ; foliosiflorum, ramis hispidis, foliis oblongo-obovatis acutis utrinque gla- bris concoloribus nervo setigero margine ciliatis, floribus viscosis, tubo laciniis duplo lon- giore, calycis dentibus brevissimis rotundatis, filamentis corollz vix longioribus. Ph.— Tor- rey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 424.—Azalea viscosa. Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 150. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 153. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 241. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 82. Has. Canada. Pursh. Rhododendron.] ERICEJE. 43 * * Floribus plerumque decandris. 3. R. maximum; foliis oblongis acutis subtus discoloribus, umbellis terminalibus, calycis laciniis ovalibus obtusis, corollis campanulatis. PA.—.Linn.— Bot Mag. t. 951. Mich. Am. v. 1. p.259. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 29%. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 433. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 168. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 426? Has. Canada. Fursh. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies. Douglas.—Specimens without flower, with leaves a span long, and probably belonging to this species, were gathered by Mr. Douglas on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids, and on those forming the subalpine region of Mount Hood, but rarely. 4. H. Lapponicum; humile, procumbens, ramis divaricatis, foliis persistentibus ellipticis obtusis rigidis foveolato-punctatis subtus discoloribus lepidotis marginibus reflexis, floribus umbellatis 5-8-andris, corollis rotato-infundibuliformibus.— Wahl. Lapp. p. 104. Torrey, Fi. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 426. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3106.— Azalea Lapponica. Linn. Fl. Lapp. p. 89. t. 6. f. 1. Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 2. p. 52. t. 10. f. 1. Has. Norton Sound. Nelson, Barren grounds from lat. 65° to the Arctic sea-shore, Dr. Richardson, and Islands, Capt. Sir E. Parry. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River, lat. 56°. Drummond, Labrador. Dr. Morrison.—This has been detected on the White Mountains of New Hampshire, United States, by Dr. Bigelow, and Dr. Boott, from whom, as well as from Mr. Greene, who gathered it in the same locality, I have fine specimens. 5. H. Kamtschaticum; humile, procumbens, foliis persistentibus obovatis ciliatis venosis nitidis, calycibus amplis foliaceis, corollis rotatis, staminibus longioribus.— Pall. Fl. Ross. v. 1. p. 48. t. 33. Cham. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 513. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Banks’ Island and Port Edgecombe, N.W. Coast. lat. 539. Mr, Menzies, (in Herb. nostr.) 6. R. albiflorum ; erectum, foliis deciduis elliptico-lanceolatis integerrimis membranaceis glabris in apicibus ramorum pedunculisque fasciculatis, calycibus subfoliaceis hispidis, corollis (albis) rotato-campanulatis, staminibus 10 erectis «equalibus. (Tan. CXXXIII.) Frutex 2-3-pedalis, erectus, ramosus, cortice fusco glabro tectus. Folia in apicibus ramorum fasciculata, decidua, membranacea, elliptico-lanceolata, glabra, brevissime petiolata, stipulata; stipulis ovatis, membrana- ceis, concavis, deciduis. Pedunculi fasciculati, laterales et terminales, unciam longi, appresso-setosi, uniflori. Calyx persistens, tubum corollz zequans, 5-partitus, appresse setosus, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis subfoliaceis. Stamina 10, sequalia, erectiuscula. Filamenta subulata, inferne hirsuta. Ovarium 5-lobum. Stylus hir- sutus. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsula coriacea, hirsuta. Semina scrobiculata. 2 Has. Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A very beautiful and most distinct species, which would be a great ornament to our gardens if it could be introduced. Tas. CXXXIII. Rhododendron albiflorum.—A. Flowering specimen, nat. size; fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Calyx, stamen, and pistil; fig. 3, 4, Anthers; fig. 5, Section of the ovary; fig. 6, Stigma, magni/ied.— D. Portion of a fruit-bearing branch, with gemmiferous scales, whence the leaves of the following year arise; fig. 1, Capsule, with its persistent calyx; fig. 8, Capsule, bursting; fig. 9, 9, Seeds, covered with the arillus; ‚fig. 10, Seed deprived of the arillus; fig. 11, Embryo ;—magnified. 44 MONOTROPEE. [ Tolmiea. 9. AZALEA. Don. Hook. (Azaleæ Sp. L.) Cal. 5-partitus. Corolla brevi-campanulata, regularis. Stam. 5, basi corollæ inserta, recta, equalia. Anthere rima longitudinali dehiscentes. Caps. 2-3-valvis, 2-3-locularis; dis- sepimentis e marginibus introflexis valvarum.— Frutex humilis, procumbens, ramosissimus ; foliis persistentibus parvis coriaceis nitidis. Flores parvi, racemosi, terminales, rosei. 1. A. procumbens.—Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 154. Engl. Bot. t. 865. Bigel. FI. Bost. ed. 2. App. p. 82. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 232. Has. Barren grounds from lat. 65° to the Arctic Islands. Dr. Richardson. Captain Sir E. Parry, $c. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Banks' Islands and Mount Edgecombe, lat. 549. N.W. Coast. Mr. Menzies.— This has been found on the White Mountains of New Hampshire by Drs. Bigelow and Boott, and by Mr. Greene. 10. LEDUM. Z. Cal. 5-dentatus persistens. Pet. 5, patentia. Stam. 10, receptaculo inserta. Filamenta capillaria aequalia, recta. Stigma 5-lobum. Capsula 5-locularis, 5-valvis, valvis e basi sur- sum dehiscentibus. Semina numerosa scrobiculata. 1. L. palustre; foliis oblongis linearibusve margine revolutis subtus ramisque junioribus ferrugineo-tomentosis, stamina 5-10 corolla longioribus. Mich.—«. angustifolium, foliis linearibus, floribus decandris.—L. palustre. Linn.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 30. Hook. in Fl. Lond. 2d Ser. t. 210.—8. latifolium; foliis oblongis staminibus non raro 5.—L. latifolium. Ait.— Jacq. Ic. Rar. v. 3. p. 464. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 300. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 172. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. p. 437. Has. Chiefly in the more northern and barren regions. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr. Cormack. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Kohlmeister. Hudson's Bay (Dr. Richardson) to the Arctic sea- shore and Islands (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir. E. Parry, &c.); often, however, mixed with specimens which cannot be distinguished from 2. Cape Newenham. N. W. Coast, lat. 599. Mr. Menzies. Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Chamisso's Island in Behring's Straits. Chamisso.—Much used as a substitute for tea: the narrow-leaved var. is said by Dr. Richardson to be preferred. ` ES Orv. LV. MONOTROPEJE. Nutt. 1. TOLMIEA. (nov. Gen.) Calyx profunde 5-partitus, laciniis longis linearibus demum foliaceis persistentibus. Cor. - 5-petala, petalis obovatis patentibus deciduis. Stam. 10 hypogyna. Anthere basi inserte, biloculares, longitudinaliter dehiscentes, fissura superne latiore. Ovarium globosum liberum. Stylus elongatus, (siccitate) spiraliter tortus. Stigma dilatato-capitatum. Capsula 5-loba, 5-locularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Receptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata.— Frutex glaber, ramis lignosis cortice laxo deciduo obtectis: Folia Pyrola) MONOTROPEE. ` | 45 sparsa decidua, in ramos articulata, lanceolata, mucronata, omnino sessilia, oblique obscure venosd. Pedunculi axillares, solitarii? uniflori, folio breviores, bracteati ; bracteis linearibus. 1. 7. occidentalis. Has. North-West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies.—Much as the flowers of this interesting plant accord in general structure with Pyrola, I can by no means consent to its forming a species of that Genus. The habit is totally different, and more like that of a Kalmia than a Pyrola. I have seen no other specimens in my Herbarium, except those (not very perfect ones) from Mr. Menzies. I have named the Genus in honour of Mr, Tolmie, one of my most zealous Botanical pupils, and now resident, as Surgeon in the Hudson's Bay Company's Service, in Puget Sound, N. W. America, where, it is to be hoped, he will rediscover this plant, and enable us more fully to illustrate its history. .2. PYROLA. L. Cal. 5-fidus, seu 5-partitus. Pet. 5 decidua, erecta v. patenta. Stam. 10. Anthere apice insertae, pendulee, apice subbicornes poris duobus superne dehiscentibus. Ovarium subglo- bosum 5-lobum. Stylus rectus vel curvatus. Stigma 5-lobum, nunc annulatum. Capsula 5-locularis, loculis medio longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. eceptacula axilia. Semina nu- merosa, scrobiculata.— Herbae viz suffrutescentes, humiles. Folia sempervirentia, subrotunda, rarius oblonga, longe petiolata, integerrima vel dentata. Scapus nudus vel squamosus, sim- plex. Flores racemosi rarius uniflori, albi, lutescentes vel rubicundi. * Stylus rectus. Stamina erecta. 1. P. uniflora ; caule unifloro, foliis orbicularibus serratis, stigmate magno lobis 5 erectis. —Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 146. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 113. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p.454. Rich. in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 18. Has. From Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) throughout Canada to lat. 64° (Dr. Richardson), and from New- foundland (Mr. Cormack, Dr. Morrison, Miss Brenton), and Labrador, ( KoAImeister, Dr. Morrison) to the woody country in the Rocky Mountains. Observatory Inlet (Dr. Scouler), and near Mount St. Helens on the West Coast, in shady woods, but not nearly so common as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. ( Douglas.) 2. P. minor; foliis ovato-rotundatis crenatis, floribus racemosis styli inclusi longitudine, stigmate dilatato lobis 5 radiatis.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 158, et t. 2543 (P. rosea.) Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 434. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Barren country from lat. 64° to the Arctic Coast (Dr. Richardson) and Islands ( Captain Ross). Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Obser- vatory Inlet, N. W. Coast.; Dr. Scouler. Unalaschka, Chamisso.—The American plant exactly accords with the European. Petals rounded, concave, not spreading. 3. P. secunda; foliis ovatis acutis, floribus racemosis omnibus secundis, stylo exserto, stigmate dilatato 5-lobo.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 307. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 250. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p.299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 174. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 434. Rich. in Frankl. 1st. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 18.—8. foliis angustioribus acuminatis. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Mackenzie River (Dr. Richardson), and from Newfoundland (Mr. Cor- 16 MONOTROPEE. [Pyrola. mack, Miss Brenton), and Labrador (Dr. Morrison), to the Height of Land on the Rocky Mountains ( Drum- mond), and the shores of the Pacific, at the mouth of the Columbia (Douglas), and Observatory Inlet (Dr. Scouler.) Bay of Acid. Chamisso.—f. Woods of Portage River, near La Grande Côte. Drummond. ** Stylus declinatus. Stamina adscendentia. i. P. chlorantha; foliis (parvis) rotundatis subintegerrimis petiolo brevioribus opacis subtus praecipue venosis, racemo paucifloro, calycis (parvi) laciniis ovatis, antheris poris tu- bulosis, stylo decurvo subflexuoso exserto annulato, disco laciniis 5 erectis. (Tas. CX X XIV.) — Sw. Kongl. Acad. Handl. p. 190. t. 5. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 273. Rich in Frankl. 1st Journ. ed. 9. App. p. 13. (excl. syn. P. asarifolie Mich.) Don. in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 232.—P. convoluta. Banks. (fide Don.)—P. asarifolia. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1 p. 433. (excl. syn. Mich. Pursh et Gold.) Radix subrepens, gracilis. Folia radicalia aut subradicalia, orbicularia, rarius elliptica, petiolo duplo bre- viora, coriacea, opaca, integerrima vel obscure crenata, vix 2 unciam longa, supra obscure venosa, subtus venis reticulatis magis conspicuis. Scapus spithamzeus, nudus vel squama parva solitaria instructus. Ra- cemus 5-6-florus. Flores undique versi majusculi. Calyx parvus. Petala subpatentia elliptica. Anthere poris tubulosis. Stylus declinatus subflexuosus. Has. Lake Winipeg (Douglas) to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains, thence to Bear Lake. Drummond. Dr. Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr. Morrison.—This is most allied to P. rotundifolia; but the leaves are smaller than their smallest state in that species, and singu- larly opaque. The flowers are nearly the same in size, but the calyx is much smaller and more appressed; the anthers have two tubular horns, at the top of which the pores are situated. The style is shorter and less flexuose. It agrees in every respect with an original specimen from Swartz, and in America seems to be peculiarly abundant in the latitude of the Saskatchawan, from Hudson’s Bay to the Mountains. The P. chlorantha of Hook. in Parry's 3d Voy. App., should be referred to P. rotundifolia ò. pumila. Tan. CXXXIV.— Fig. 1. Flower; fig. 2, Stamen ; fig. 3, Back view of an Anther; fig. 4, Pistil:—magnified. 5. P. rotundifolia; foliis subrotundis coriaceis nitidis reticulatis petiolis brevioribus, scapo bracteato, racemo plurifloro, calycis foliolis elongatis membranaceis, antherze poris non tubu- losis, stylo decurvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato, disco laciniis 5 erecto.—Linn.— Engl. Bot. t. 213. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251? Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 113. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 432.— 8. asarifolia ; foliis majoribus reniformi- rotundatis.— P. asarifolia, Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 299. Goldie in Ed. Phil. Journ. v. 6. p. 226. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 230.— 7. floribus purpureo- roseis. —P. incarnata. Fisch. MSS. in Herb. nostr.—3. pumila; minor, stylo breviore minus flexuoso.— P. pumila. Horn. in Linnea, v. 1. p. 514.—P. Greenlandica. Horn. Fl. Dan. t. 1817. Han. æ. B. y. (which all appear to grow in the same situations) from Lake Huron (Dr. Todd) through- out Canada to Bear Lake (Dr. Richardson), and from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. North-West Coast. Douglas. Unalaschka and Kotzebue’s Sound. Chamisso.—3. Labrador. Dr. Morrison. Arctic Islands. Capt. Sir E. Parry.— Very numerous specimens of this plant in my Herbarium have satis- fied me that, in regard to foliage, this is a very variable species, and that none of them can with propriety be Pyrola.) MONOTROPEA. 4T separated from P. rotundifolia ; whilst some have their leaves less than an inch in length, others are more than 23 inches long, and full 3 inches broad. The flowers are the same shape in all, and essentially distinguished from P. chlorantha by the much larger and more membranaceous calyx, by the anthers destitute of tubular pores, and the longer and more flexuose style. Sometimes the flowers are white, at other times deep rose- colour, with the anthers quite red. There cannot be a question, I think, but the broader and reniform-leaved variety is the true P. asarifolia of Michaux, though some of the American Botanists have taken the P. chlo- rantha for it, which could hardly have suggested Michaux's name. 6. P. occidentalis ; foliis subrotundis membranaceis obsolete denticulatis petiolo simplici du- plo longioribus, racemo paucifloro, laciniis calycinis oblongis obtusis, stigmatis disco 5-lobo. Don, in Wern. "Trans.— Brown, MSS. in Herb. Banks. Han. Sledge Island, on the N. W. Coast. JVelson.— With this I am unacquainted, unless, as I cannot help suspecting, it may be my var. pumila of P. rotundifolia, with which it sufficiently accords, and which is found in Unalaschka. Mr. Don says it resembles P. minor in general habit, but is much smaller, and pos- sesses characters widely different. 7. P. bracteata; foliis lato-ovatis acutis integerrimis seu leevissime crenatis coriaceis acutis nitidis, scapo subbisquamoso, racemo bracteato, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis flore lon- gioribus, calycis segmentis attenuatis alabastro longioribus. Haz. N.W. Coast. Dr. Scouler.—Of this I regret I possess but one specimen, and that only in bud, bear- ing two scapes, more than a span long; bracteas very long and much acuminated, as are the calyx-segments. Leaves 2 and 21 inches long. 8. P. elliptica; foliis ellipticis membranaceis opacis obscure dentatis petiolo sublongiori- bus, scapo nudiusculo, calycis parvi laciniis ovatis, antherze poris brevi-tubulosis, stylo de- curvo flexuoso exserto, stigmate annulato disco lobis 5 erectis. (Tas. CX XXV.)— Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 213. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 233. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 433.—P. rotundifolia. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Has. Lake Huron, Dr. Todd, throughout Canada, Mrs Percival, to the Saskatchawan, Dr. Richardson. Drummond.—W ell distinguished by Mr. Nuttall from P. rotundifolia, being very different in the foliage. The flowers are intermediate between those of rotundifolia and chlorantha, having the calyx of the latter, and the longer style of the former; the cells are a little produced below the pores. Blossoms exceedingly fragrant, white. Tas. CXXXV .— Fig. 1, Flower, before the full expansion; fig. 2, Flower expanded, fig. 3, Petal; fig. 4, 4, Anthers; jig. 5, Pistil. 9. P. dentata ; foliis oblongis coriaceis opacis remote dentatis inferne angustatis longitu- dine petioli, scapo nudo, racemo subsecundo, petalis erecto-patentibus, antherze loculis pau- lulum productis, stylo deflexo flexuoso exserto. (Tas. CXXXVI.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.— Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 235. : Has. Nutka Sound, N. W. Coast, and Columbia River. Mr. Menzies. Tas. CXXXVL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Anther; fig. 3, Pistil:—magnified. 10. P. picta; foliis ovatis subserratis, floribus secundis, antherze poris contractis tubulosis stylo curvato, stigmate truncato disco 5-lobo.— S». in Rees’ Cyel. 48 MONOTROPEE. | Monotropa. Has. Nutka Sound, N.W. Coast. Mr Menzies.—A solitary specimen of what I take to be this plant, I possess from Mr. Menzies, but I feel almost inclined to unite it with the preceding, differing, as it does, only in the more secund and more numerous flowers, and in the shorter leaves more abrupt at the base, with some obscure pale blotches on the upper side, and a reddish tint beneath. 11. P. aphylla; foliis nullis, scapo basi squamato squamis lanceolatis membranaceis, ra- cemo elongato subsecundo, antherze poris tubulosis, stylo deflexo flexuoso, stigmate annu- lato disco dentibus 5 elongatis erectis. (Tas. CX XXVII.)—Sm. in Rees’ Cycl.— Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 227. Annua. Radix repens, ramosa, fibrosa, fibris tomentosis. Folia omnino nulla! Scapus erectus, pedalis, simplex, angulatus, inferne preecipue squamis lanceolatis erectis in axillis non raro geminiferis, superne spi- raliter tortus. Racemus terminalis, elongatus, subsecundus; floribus majusculis nutantibus. Pedicelli lon- gitudine florum, basi bractea parva munita. Calycis laciniz ovate acute, petalis ovalibus concavis patu- lis 3-plo breviores. Stamina sursum inclinata. Filamenta basi dilatata. Anthere oblonge basi acute, : medio et lateribus sulcatze, superne cornibus duobus brevibus apice poro dehiscentibus. Ovarium globosum ; stylo arcte deflexo flexuoso, apice annulato, disco dentibus 5 erectis. Has. North-West Coast. Mr. Menzies. Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler. Plentifulin the dark shady pine woods among Hypnum, from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound: it does not exist beyond 100 miles from the Coast. Douglas. Tas. CXXXVII.— Fig; 1, Flower; np: 2, 3, Stamens; jig. 4, Capsule; fig. 5, Stigma:—magnified. 3. PTEROSPORA. Nuit. Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. monopetala, ovata, 5-dentata. Stam. 10. Anthere calcarate. Capsula umbilicata, 5-locularis, 5-valvis. Semina apice alata.— Herba brunnea, viscido-hir- suta. Folia squamiformia. Flores racemosi. Lindl. 1. P. Andromedea.— Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 269, Lindl. Collect. Bot. t. 5. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 429.—Monotropa procera. Torrey, in Eat. Mem. of Bot. ed. 2. p. 324. Has. Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara. Mr. C. Whitlow (in Nutt.) Near Quebec. Mr. Goldie. Mrs. Percival. Mrs. Sheppard. Saskatchawan. Drummond. High mountains of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, in shady pine woods. Douglas. x 4. MONOTROPA. Z. (Monotropa et Hypopithys, Wutt.) Cal. 0. Cor. 4-5-petala; petalis basi cucullatis. Stam. 8-10 hypogyna. Anthere trans- versæ, l-loculares, bilabiatæ. Stigma peltatum. Caps. 4-5-locularis, 4-5-valvis. Semina numerosa, scrobiculata.—Herbæ parasitice, aphylle, succulente, siccitate nigrescentes, scapis squamosis, racemosis vel unifloris. 1. M. Hypopithys; glabra, floribus racemosis.—Linn.—Engl. Bot. t. 113. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. l. p. 303. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 431.—Hypopithys Europea. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 271. i Has. On the roots of Birch ( Pursh); in the Pine Forests ( Nutt.) of Canada.—I have never seen Canadian specimens of this species; and Dr. Torrey seems of opinion that the following must have been taken for it. Chimaphila.) MONOTROPEZ. 49 2. M. lanuginosa ; pubescenti-lanata, floribus racemosis.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p.3 266. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 303. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 418. Torrey, v. 1. p. 430.—Hypo- pithys lanuginosa. Nutt. Haz. Canada. Wood of Portage River. Drummond. N.W. Coast. Menzies. 3. M. uniflora; glabra, flore solitario decandro.—JL.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 266. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 303. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 417. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 85. Haz. Shady woods, Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 5. CHIMAPHILA. Pursh. Calyx liber, profunde 5-fidus. - Petala 5, concava. Stam. 10. Filamenta erecta, me- dio disco orbiculato hirsuto vel ciliato. Anthere medio affixee, basi breviter bicornes poris dehiscentes. Ovarium liberum, 5-lobum. Stylus perbrevis, crassus. Stigma pelta- tum, planum, dilatatum, 5-lobum. Capsula 5-locularis, ab apice dehiscens. Semina minuta scrobiculata.— Suffrutices caulescentes, ramose. Folia opposita, subverticillata, nunc alterna, coriacea, oblonga, dentato-serrata. Pedunculi terminales, bracteati vel nudi, uniflori vel umbellati. 1. C.umbellata ; foliis verticillatis cuneato-lanceolatis serratis immaculatis basi in petiolum perbrevem angustatis, umbella subquinqueflora.— Pursh, Fl. Am, v. 1. p. 30. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 274.—Pyrola umbellata. Linn.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 778. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 114. Torrey, Fl. of Un. St. v. 1. p. 435. Don, in Wern. Trans. v. 5. p. 243. Haz. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd, Quebec, Mrs. Percival, and to the Saskatchawan and Rocky Moun- tains, in lat, 53». Dr. Richardson, Drummond; also from near the sources of the Columbia (Drum- mond) to the Pacific. Douglas, Dr. Scouler, Mr. Menzies. 2. C. maculata ; foliis subverticillatis lanceolatis acuminatis grosse serratis brevi-petiolatis discoloribus superne variegatis, umbella 3—4-flora.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 300. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 505. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 275.—Pyrola maculata. L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 251. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 175. Has. This was gathered in the route from New York to Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan ; but whether in British America, or, as is probable, in the United States, is not mentioned. 3. C. Menziesii ; foliis alternis rarius oppositis seu subverticillatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis serratis discoloribus superne immaculatis, pedunculo bracteato 1-2-floro, stylo distincto. (Tas. CXXXVIII.)— Pyrola Menziesii. Br. in Herb. Banks.—Don, in Wern. Trans. Suffruticosa. Caulis basi decumbens, gracilis, flexuosus, squamosus, squamis late ovatis, concavis, membranaceis. Folia subunciam longa, plerumque alterna, coriacea, sempervirentia, brevi-petiolata, acuta, serrata, subtus purpurascentia, supra viridia, unicoloria. Pedunculus terminalis, bracteatus, plerumque bi- florus; bracteis late ovatis, concavis, membranaceis, fuscis. Flores majusculi, nutantes. Calycis lacinie oblongo-lanceolate. Petala ovalia demum patentissima. Filamenta disco piloso. Stylus quam in 2 speciebus precedentibus longior. Stigma planum, margine obscure 5-lobum. VOL. II. G A0 JASMINEE. [Frazinus. Has. N.W. Coast. Mr, Menzies. On high woody grounds at the base of Mount Hood, near the great Falls of the Columbia ; not common,— Nearly allied to the preceding, but the leaves are much shorter. The peduncle has large concave bracteas, and I have never seen more than two flowers on any specimen. Tas. CXXXVIIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Flower with the petals spread open; fig. 3, Stamens ; fig. 4, Pistil : —magnified. [Ozs. When I published my Tolmiea, in the preceding part of this work, I was not aware that it was already described and figured by M. Bongard, in his Vegetation de Sitcha, under the name of Cladotham- nus pyrolifolius, p. 37. t. 1,—a name which, of course, must be preferred to mine.] On». LVI. JASMINE. Juss. kb 1. LIGUSTRUM. ZL. Cal. minutus, 4-dentatus. Cor. tubo brevi limbo 4-fido. Stam. 2, Filamenta brevia. Stylus brevissimus. Stigma bifidum. Bacca globosa, unilocularis, 2-4-sperma.— Frutices, Folia interdum perennia. 1. L. vulgare; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis glabris, panicula coarctata.— L.— Engl. Bot. t. 164. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 3. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 1. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 7. Haz. Canada, (not indigenous.) 2, FRAXINUS. Z. Flores sepe polygami. Cal. 4-partitus v. nullus. Cor. 4-partita v. tetrapetala v. nulla. Stam. 2. Fructus: Samara pendula basi monosperma.— Arbores regiones temperatas habi- tantes. Folia opposita pinnata. Flores apetali et polygami (Fraxinus), vel hermaphroditi subtetrapetali (Ornus, Scop.) 1. F. sambucifolia ; foliolis sessilibus ovato-lanceolatis serratis rugoso-nitidis basi rotundatis insequalibus axillis venarum subtus villosis, floribus nudis (PA.), samaris ellipticis basi obtusis apice emarginatis ( Mz.) —JVilld.— Mich. N. Am. Sylv. (ed. Philad. 1819) v. 3. p.122. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 8. Has. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michaux. Canada. Willd. 2. F. epiptera; foliolis ad summum 4-jugis oblongo-ovalibus acuminatis subintegris, cap- sulis obverse lanceolatis apice obtuse emarginatis ima parte teretibus apteris. Mich. Am. v. 2. p. 56. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 8. Has. Canada. Pursh,—I give this as a native of the British possessions on the authority of Pursh, who, however, makes no reference to Michaux, Flora Bor. Am., where the species first appears, and where it is said to be a native of Virginia and Carolina. What I have called F. epiptera, in the Companion to the Bot. Mag., from Drummond’s N. Orl. Coll., (n. 210,) has the leaves quite entire; the ripe samare are 24 inches long, terete at the base; wing very long, (as described by Elliott, and figured by Geertner,) and of nearly the same width to the very apex. Pursh quotes “ F. discolor, Mich. Arb. Forest.;” but in my ed. of the Sylva there is no such plant, either under that name, or under F. epiptera; there, however, is an F. discolor of Muhl. referred to F. Americana, L. (F. acuminata, Lam.) _ X £ Apocynum.) APOCYNEA. 51 3. F. Americana ; foliolis petiolatis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis integerrimis vel grosse ser- ratis subtus pallidioribus, floribus calyculatis, capsulis basi teretibus ala lineari-lanceolata obtusa leviter emarginata. L.—Willd. Sp. Pl. p. 1102.— F. acuminata. Lam.— Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 9. Elliott, Carol. v. 2. p. 672. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. v. 3. p. 118. Bigel. Fl. Bost. (ed. 2.) p. 380. Haz. Canada (Ph.) to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—This is the only Ash noticed in the Boston Flora of Dr. Bigelow: but I have seen no specimens from Canada exactly according with Pursh's descrip- tion, that is, having the leaflets entire, shining, and glaucous beneath. Some of the leaves are deeply serrated. 4. F. pubescens; foliolis petiolatis elliptico-ovatis serratis subtus petiolis ramulisque to- mentosis, floribus calyeulatis (Ph.), samaris oblongis obtusissimis emarginatis sensim in basin brevem teretem attenuatis.— Walt.—Ph. Fl. Am. v. 1, p. 9.—F. tomentosa. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. t. 119.—-8. foliolis subintegerrimis. Haz. Canada. Ph. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—$g. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. On». LVII. APOCYNEZE. Br. 1. APOCYNUM. Br. Arocynı sp. L. Cor. campanulata. Tubus denticulis 5 acutis inclusis, laciniis limbi oppositis. Faux nuda. Stam. inclusa. Anthere sagittatee, medio stigmati coherentes, lobis posticis polline vacuis. Ovaria2. Styli subnulli. Stigma dilatatum, apice conico. Squame 5 hypo- gyne. Folliculi graciles, distincti. — Herbæ perennes, erecte. Folia opposita, membranacea. Flores cymosi. Br. 1. A. androsemifolium; folis ovatis supra glabris, cymis terminalibus lateralibusque, tubo corollze calycem bis superante.—Linn.— Mich. Am. v. 1, p. 121. Rich. App. p. 9. Has. Canada and throughout the woody country ; Hudson's Bay. Dr. Wright.— Leaves pubescent be- neath in all my specimens which are from various parts of N. America. 2. A. cannabinum ; foliis oblongis utrinque acutis glabris, cymis paniculatis, calyce tubum corolle equante. Linn. (Tap. CXXXIX.)— Br.— Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 276. Ell. —B. foliis subtus pubescentibus. A. cannabinum. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 122? Ph. Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 179? —A. pubescens. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 276. (viz Br.) Has. Canada. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Michaux seems to have misled some of the American Bota- nists by describing the underside of the leaves as “ candicanti-tomentosa,’—a circumstance common enough in A. androsemifolium, but of rare occurrence in A. cannabinum, of which I have only seen one specimen, and that from Lexington, Kentucky, with its leaves downy beneath. The two species are truly distinct in the shape of their leaves, and the relative length of the calyx and corolla. Tas. CXXXIX.—Fig. 1, Fruit:—nat. size. 52 ASCLEPIADEE. [Aselepias. 3. A. hypericifolium; foliis cordato-oblongis glabris sessilibus mucronatis, cymis folio brevioribus, calyce tubum corollze æquante.—( Tas. CXL.)—Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 1. p. 304. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 179. Torrey, Fl. Am. v. l. p. 276,—A, Sibiricum. Jacq. Hort. v. 3. p. 66. (non Pall. )—P. foliis latioribus. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—f. West side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas, — This is a stouter and more upright-growing plant, and less branched, than the preceding; but the upper leaves are sometimes acute at the base, and slightly stalked, and then it is with difficulty distinguished from A. cannabinum, Of the var. &. Mr. Doug- las observes that the flax is used by the tribes residing on the west side of the Rocky Mountains to make their fishing-nets. They are strong, buoyant, and answer the purpose extremely well. Tas. CXL.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamens ; fig. 3, Pistil :—magnified, On». LVIII. ASCLEPIADEZE. Br. ASCLEPIAS. Br. Ascr. sp. L. Corolla 5-partita, reflexa. Corona summo tubo filamentorum imposita, 5-phylla, foliolis cucullatis, e fundo exerentibus processum aversum corniformem. Anthere membrana ter- minate. Masse pollinis compresse, apice attenuato affixee, pendula. Stigma depressum muticum. Folliculi (plerumque) leves. Semina comosa.— Herbs Americane erecte. Folia opposita nunc alterna! vel verticillata. Umbellee interpetiolares. Br. * Folia semper opposita. l. A. Syriaca; caule subsimplici, foliis oblongo-ovalibus ovatisve acutis subtus tomento- sis, umbellis multifloris, coronz foliolis. ovatis obtusis cornu longioribus intus bidentatis, folliculis muricatis.— Linn.—JPursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 219.—8. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 114. Haz, Canada (Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Shepperd) to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. 2. A. variegata; caule erecto simplici, foliis ovatis brevi-petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus, corong foliolis obovatis subcucullatis patentibus cornu acuminato brevioribus intus basin ver- sus bidentatis.—«. major ; foliis utrinque glabris, umbellis densifloris, coronz foliolis late obo- vatis cornu latissimo rostrato.— A. variegata. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 1182. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 317. Torrey, Fl. v. l. p. 281.—A. hybrida, Mich.—B. mi- nor; umbellis laxis paucifloris, foliis subtus praecipue pubescenti-tomentosis, corone foliolis obovatis cornu angustiore minus evidenter rostrato. (Tas. CXLI.) Haz. &. Carlton House Fort. Dr. Richardson. Plains of the Red River and banks of the Assinaboine. Douglas —The usual state of this plant I have not seen from British America; nor am I sure that I am correct in considering. this a. variety of that species. Itis smaller in every part; the leaves very downy beneath, and more obtuse at the base; and there are the differences mentioned above in the inflorescence and flowers. The shape of the horn, however, in the solitary specimen I have from Mr, Douglas, is much broader, and more like that of the true A. variegata, than it is in Mr. Drummond's plants. Tas. CXLI.—Fig. 1, Flower ; fig. 2, Leaflet of the Corona with its horn :—magnified, ` Asclepias.) ASCLEPIADEA. ` 53 3. A. Douglasii; caule subsimplici, foliis cordato-ovatis acutis subtus umbellis multifloris calyce corollisque dense tomentosis, coronæ foliolis ovatis longe acuminatis cornu longi- oribus intus bidentatis. (Tas. CXLII.) Haz. On low points of land on the banks of streams, west side of the Rocky Mountains; rare. Douglas.— Leaves somewhat resembling the last species, but broader and more coriaceous. The flowers thrice as large, and also remarkable for the great length of the coronal leaflet. Tas. CXLIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaflet of the corona with its horn. 4. A. nivea; caule erecto simplici, foliis lato-lanceclatis acuminatis membranaceis glabris subtus pallidioribus, umbellis multifloris laxis, corona: foliolis truncatis dentatis cornu bre- vioribus, folliculis leevibus. —Linn.—Bot. Mag. t. 1187. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 181.— P. phytolaccoides. Lyon.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v.1. p. 180. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 319. Torrey, El. v. 1. p. 280. , Has. Canada. Dr. Holmes.—1 have received the fruit, which is very rare and had not been seen by Dr. Torrey, from Dr. Darlington. The figure in the Bot. Magazine is excellent; and I think I am correct in uniting Pursh's A. phytolaccoides with A. nivea. 5. A. viridiffora ; caule simplici pubescente, foliis ovalibus oblongis lanceolatisve subses- silibus apiculatis subtus praecipue pubescentibus, umbellis lateralibus densissime multifloris subsessilibus, coronz foliolis oblongis retusis erectis appressis dorso canaliculato longitudine column: cornu nullo. (Tas. CXLIII. A.) —Raf.—Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p.181. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 264.—A. obovata. Ell.—8. lanceolata; foliis elongato-lanceolatis crispatis. (Tas. CXLIII. B.)—A. longifolia. Mich. ?—A. lanceolata. Ives, in Sillim. Journ. Haz. Head of Lake Erie. Mr. Goldie. About Carlton House Fort, both æ. and 6. Dr. Richardson. f. Banks of the Red River. Dougl Exceedingly variable in the form and length of its leaves, The species agrees with Gomphocarpus in the absence of the horn to the leaflets ofthe corona, but differs in the smooth follicles. The leaflets of the corona are singularly erect, oblong, retuse, channelled down the back ; the margins incurved and united by their lower half with the neck of the column, each having a small auricle on either side, at the top of the juncture. Tas. CXLIII.— Fig. 1, Flower ; fig. 2, Portion of the corona, seen from within :—magnified. 6. A. incarnata; pubescens vel glabra erecta ramosa, foliis oblongis lanceolatisve, um- bellis terminalibus plurimis seepe geminis, columna elongata, coronz foliolis erectis ovali- bus obtusis cornu subulato incurvo brevioribus.—JL.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 115. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 320. Bot. Reg. t. 250. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 281. Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond.—Extremely variable in the length, and breadth, and downiness of the foliage; generally quite glabrous. Frequently, when the stem is otherwise glabrous, a hairy line runs along one side ofit. The figure in Bot. Register is excellent. All that I have received from the American Botanists as A. amena, I cannot distinguish specifically from the present; indeed, the species of this genus have been very ill defined, and require careful revision. The leaflets of the corona and the horn appear to afford some of the best marks of distinction. The A, amena of Sweet's Fl. Garden, t. 82, seems to me referable to a deep-coloured state of A, Syriaca. 54, GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana. T. A. quadrifolia ; caule erecto simplici paucifoliato, foliis ovatis acuminatis ciliatis oppositis subverticillatisque petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus solitariis v. geminis laxis, coronze foliolis patentibus oblongis obtusis intus basin versus bidentatis cornu longioribus. Jacq. Obs. 2. p. 23. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v 1. p. 319. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 283. Haz. Canada. Dr. Beck. * * Folia sparsa seu verticillata. 8. A. tuberosa; erecta ramosa pilosa, foliis alternis lanceolatis subsessilibus, umbellis numerosis terminalibus laxis, coronz foliolis erectis lanceolatis intus bidentatis longitudine cornu subulati stricti.— L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 117. Pursh, Fl Am. v. l. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 325. Bot. Reg. t. 16. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 285. Haz. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Readily distinguished by its alternate leaves and bright orange-col- oured flowers. 9. A. verticillata ; erecta simplex gracilis, foliis sparsis verticillatisque linearibus, umbellis terminalibus axillaribusque, columna breviuscula, coronz foliolis ovalibus cucullatis cornu curvato brevioribus.—('TAs. CX LIV.)—Z.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 116. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 324. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 284. Has. Abundant on the alluvial plains of the Red River, and banks of the Saskatchawan, near Carlton House. Douglas. D Tas. CXLIV.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaflet of the corona, with its horn :—magnified. Orb. LIX. GENTIANEZE.* Juss. Trib. I. Swerriez. Inflorescentia racemiformis. Sepala sublibera, membrana scariosa intracalycina juncta. Anthere immutate, rima loculorum sursum dehiscente. Capsula co- rolla marcescente plerumque cincta, placentis l. cum endocarpio valvule connatis (semina ex ipsis valvulis oriunda,) l. in sutura valvularum spongiosis unilocularis, l. rarissime placenta centrali bilocularis. Corolla cereula, ochroleuca, l. purpurascens, sepissime punctis con- spersa.—Herbe, plereque zonam arcticam subarcticam, tractusque alpinos, pauce temper- atas terras incolentes. 1. GENTIANA. Z. Fovee epipetalee glanduliferze 0. Filamenta basi squalia. Stigmata terminalia. Cap- sula unilocularis, placentis cum endocarpio connatis. Sectio I. Cyanz, Ren.—Corolle plicá intermedia aucte, eglandulose, lobi cum tubo con- tinui. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula stipitata. Testa sepius ala discolori cincta. Herbe perennes. * [am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Grisebach for the following account of the British North Ameriean Gen- tianee, which he has drawn up purposely for this work. Gentiana.] GENTIANEE. 55 + * Corolla clavata apice connivente. M 1. G. Saponaria (L.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis obovatisque margine sca- bris, floribus aggregatis subsessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis tubum subzequantibus, corolla cyanez lobis ovatis obtusis plicá (fissa) duplo longioribus, antheris connatis, semi- nibus anguste alatis. Z. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 330, (excluso citat. Plukn.) Lam. Encycl. 2. p. 637. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 111. Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1039 (excl. syn. Froel. et Mich.) Pursh, Fl. 1. p. 185. (excl. cit. Andr.) —G. Catesbei. Walt. p.109. Nutt. |. p. 172.—G. fimbriata. Vahl, Symb. 3. p. 46.—8. linearis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis, antheris demum liberis.—G. Catesbei. ZU. 1. 339.—G. linearis. Froel. Mon. p. 37. Pursh, 1. p. 186.—G. Pneumon- anthe. Mich. 1. p. 176.—G. pseudopneumonanthe. R. 5. et p. 146.—G. puberula. Mich.? 1. p. 176. Has.—8. has been collected in Canada, (Mrs. Percival,) in the neighbourhood of Quebec, and at Lake St. Charles. Mr. Sheppard. Yhave seen specimens of the broad-leaved var. from as far northward as Mary- land; but it undoubtedly occurs with its variety Q. at the above-mentioned places, as they by no means specifically differ from each other. I am certain that this is the true G. Saponaria of Linneus ; for his diagnosis, and the drawings which he quotes, viz, those of Catesby (Carol. 1. t. 70) and of Morison (vol. 3. sect. 12. t. 5) leave no doubt of it. The quotation of Plukenet is, however, erroneous. The drawing of Catesby also proves that G. Catesbei (Walt.) is identical with our species; and it is natural that Froelich found fault with that drawing, from the absence of the plicse, which may be easily overlooked in this species, but not in the following. G. Saponaria is much rarer than the following, which has been often taken for it as well by American as European botanists. The variety @. may be still commoner than æ- which has been quite overlooked by some of the American botanists ; as, for instance, Michaux, Elliot, and lately, Beck. This species is always of lower growth, but scarcely smaller-flowered, than the following ; the leaves are somewhat coriaceous; the flowers almost all terminal and crowded: nevertheless, these characters, though valuable in general, are not constant in all cases; but I have not found that the varia- tions which take place in the proportions of the Jobi and plica corolle, ever exceed certain bounds. There are, besides, most valuable characteristic differences afforded by the seeds of these species: G. Saponaria L. has oblong-winged seeds, the wing of which is narrow on both sides, and long and attenuated towards theends; the seeds of G. Andrewsii are orbicular, and very broadly and equali, winged ; while those of G. ochroleuca have no wing at all. The connexion of the anthers, and the length of the lobi calycis, are of much less conse- quence. By the investigation of Sir W. Hooker, (in the Companion to the Bot. Mag. p. 171.) it has been proved that G. Pneumonanthe of the American authors is merely a variety of this species; and however distant they may seem to stand when studied only in their common forms, nevertheless the variety 8. of G. Saponaria is so similar in some cases to G. Pneumonanthe, that it is very difficult to distinguish them. For in those forms in which the plica is quite entire, (as, for instance, in that of Dr. Boott, in the Hookerian herbarium, quoted by himself,) it is impossible to find out any decided difference in the struc- ture of the corolla, I examined authentic specimens from Silesia, the Jobi corolle of which were blunt and somewhat converging. On the other hand, G. Saponaria has sometimes an open corolla, as G. Pneumon- anthe commonly has. But there is a minute character, which seems to be most constant, and >. tainly has an important connexion with the whole of the species—viz. a distinct roughness on the margins of the leaves, so that they appear serrated under a magnifying glass, while G. Pneumonanthe is always en- tirely smooth : I think that that roughness is the remains of those seabrous forms, which exist almost in all American species of Gentiane. x 2. G. Andrewsii (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine 56 GENTIANEJE. [ Gentiana. scabris, floribus aggregatis subsessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis tubo brevioribus, coroll: cyanez plica fisso-subbiloba lobos corollze obliteratos excedente, antheris connatis, seminibus late alatis. G. Saponaria. Froel. p. 32 (excl. synon.) Nutt. l. p. 172. Elliott, 1. p. 339. Beck, p. 239.— 8. linearis; folis anguste lanceolatis, calycis lobis tubum sub- zequuantibus, caule asperisculo. G. Catesbei. Andrews Bot. Rep. 6. t. 418. Aiton Hort. Kew. 2. p. 112. Has. Both forms occur in Canada. Mr. Cleghorn. Lake Huron. Dr. T'odd.—lt is indeed with regret that I must apply a new name to a plant so well known and widely dispersed ; but it seemed necessary to call that plant of Linnaeus which has been proved to be identical with that of Walter G. Saponaria. The confusion of these species arose from Froelich’s Monograph, who confounded this species with G, Sapo- naria of Linnaeus, of which he knew only the variety 8; but that did not agree with Linnaeus’s diagnosis, and was therefore described by him as a new species. The confusion increased, when Michaux took the G. ochroleuca for Linneus’ G. Saponaria. The G. puberula of the former is now a doubtful synonym, all speeies of this group being occasionally rough. If Pursh was right in referring it to G. linearis, F., it belongs to G. Saponaria, L., and would differ from G. Pneumonanthe, Mich. merely by the form of the plica ; but as G. Andrewsii is the commoner plant of the two, it is probable that Michaux designated by his G. puberula the variety £. of the latter, in which case his name should be adopted. It is desirable that this question should be determined by the inspection of Michaux’s herbarium. Pursh does not seem to have well examined these species, as he quotes for his G. Saponaria the plates as well of Andrews as of Sims. He may have considered both the narrow-leaved varieties as one species, viz. his G. linearis, and the chief forms of both species as belonging to a second. This makes indeed the synonym of G. puberula Mich. the more doubtful : the corolla in both forms is described by Pursh in the same way, and indeed most un- satisfactorily. The best description of G. Andrewsii has been published by Elliott. 3. G. ochroleuca (Froel.) ; caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis obovatisque margine scabriusculis, floribus terminalibus aggregatis sessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis in- zequalibus tubum zequantibus, corollae: ochroleuce lobis ovatis obtusis, plica integra acuta brevissima, antheris liberis, seminibus exalatis,—G. major virginiana. Plukn. alm. 166. t. 186. f. 1.—G. villosa. L. sp. pl. 1. p. 830.— G. Saponaria. Walt. p. 109. Mich. 1. p. 116. —G. ochroleuca. Froel. p. 35. Pursh, 1. p. 185. Elliott, 1. p. 340. Beck, p. 239. Sims, Bot. Mag. 1531. Has. Canada, Mr. Goldie. Grows in sandy fields. —The two preceding species prefer a fat and somewhat humid soil. It is remarkable how much the form of the leaves varies in these species. The most frequent form of G. ochroleuca is perhaps an obovate leaf, but the broadest part is also very often near its base; I have seen many specimens with cordato-lanceolate leaves. Mühlenberg, however, sent to Willdenow a specimen, the leaves of which are almost orbicular. It never occurs so narrow-leaved as the varieties of the preceding species, but generally the form of the foliage is analogous to that of G. Sapo- naria, while G. Andrewsii has commonly longer and narrower leaves, the broadest part of which is near their base. With respect to the similar variableness of the corolla, see the excellent observations of Sir W. Hooker, in the Companion to the Bot. Mag. l. c. * * Corollá sensim ampliata aperta. 4. G. affinis (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis margine scabris inferioribus obovato- oblongis obtusis, superioribus lanceolatis acutiusculis, floribus subsolitarii soppositis pedi- Gentiana.] : GENTIANEZE. 5 cellatis bracteatis, calyce integro, corollee cyanez lobis oblongo-lanceolatis plicam apice fis- sam triplo superantibus, antheris liberis, seminibus ovalibus alá tenui cinctis. Habitus G. Pneumonanthis. Herba ascendenti-erecta, pedalis, Caulis solitarius, striato-subangu- latus, pennam corvinam crassus, simplex, plerumque hirsutiusculo-scaber.” Internodia inferiora semiuncialia, superiora sensim longiora. Folia erecto-patentia, glabra, margine ad lentem serrulata, substantia foliari usque ad punctum connationis producta, inferiora obtusissima (10” longa, 4" Jata), cetera oblongo-lanceolata et lanceolata, rigidiuscula, obsolete 3-5nervia (unciam longa, 14”-24” lata.) Flores solitarii in superi- oribus axillis; inferiores longius pedicellati, tres summi approximati, singuli bracteati. Sepala foliacea, subeequalia, membrana intra calycina duplo breviori conglutinata, oblongo-linearia, acutiuscula, corolla duplo breviora, distantia (hinc membrana illa aucta), calyx truncatus, integer, turbinatus. Corolla (facie Genti 2 this) cyanea, lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, patentibus, tubo triplo brevioribus. Genitalia inclusa. Anthere ovales, basi obtuse cordate. ^ Ovarium oblongo-lineare, utrinque attenuatum, stigmatibus connatis, sub anthesi erectiusculis, Capsula elliptico-oblonga, in brevem stipitem attenuata, corollam marcescentem æquans. Semina creberrima, plana, ovalia, alâ tenui sequali eireumdata.— Differt a G. Saponariá &., cui proxima: inflorescentiá, sepalis acutiusculis nec acuminatis, corolla loborum ac tubi figura, antheris liberis, earum seminum formå; a G. adsurgente. Cervant. mscrpt. floribus bracteatis, corolle lobis oblongo-lanceolatis nec obovatis, rotundatis, caule scabro; a G. triflora Pall. floribus pedi- cellatis, plicá apice fissa, foliis margine scabris, inferioribus latioribus, caule scabro, seminibus alatis; a G. angustifolia Mich. inflorescentiá, floribus bracteatis, corolle lobis obtusis, foliis margine scabris, latiori- bus, etc, ; a G. Pneumonanthe, L. antheris liberis cordatis, plicá apice fissä, foliis margine scabris, inferne densioribus, pedicellis oppositis. Has. Carlton House to Edmonton House, Mr. Drummond. Vallies of the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Douglas, Mr. Drummond. Abundant in the mountain vallies, between Spokan and Kettle Falls, in allu- vial deposits. Mr. Douglas.—There is a variety in which the under leaves are reduced to scales. This species stands indeed very near those above mentioned, 5. G. angustifolia (Mich.); caule flexuoso, foliis linearibus obtusis (hinc cuspidatis). margine leevibus, flore unico terminali pedunculato ebracteato, calyce integro, corolle cy- aneze lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis plica multifidä duplo longioribus, antheris connatis de- mum liberis.—Mich. 1. p. 177. Pursh, 1. p. 186. Beck, p. 240. —G. purpurea. Walt. Carol. 109.—G. porphyris. Walt. App.— Gmel. Sib. v. 5. p. 462. Haz. Canada. Mr, Goldie, It grows in sandy fields and pine barrens.— G. frigida, H. and K., has been found by Chamisso on the opposite shore of Behring's Strait, at the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and must undoubtedly occur also on the American side, although it does not seem yet to have been detected. 6. G. Sceptrum (Griseb.); caule stricto elato, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis elongatis obtusis margine leevibus, pedunculis axillaribus oppositis 2-3-floris, calyce integro, corollis uc, plica vix producta integra, antheris liberis. (Tas. CXLV.) i $ Caulis 3-4-pedalis, pennam anserinam (inferne cygneam) crassus, strictus, teres, striatus, A foliosus, przeter inflorescentiam simplex, siccitate flavescens. Internodia inferiora sesquiuncialia, superi- ora subæqualia 2-3 uncialia folia æquantia 1. paullum excedentia. Folia erecta, cauli approximata, inferi- ora elongato-lanceolata (biuncialia), media oblongo-l. elliptico-lanceolata, basi lata, connata apice obtusa, (2-24 unc. longa, 10-12 lin. lata,) superiora elliptico-oblonga (sesquiuncialia, unciam lata,) omnia septem- nervia, nervo medio prominente, levia, glaberrima, margine subrevoluto levi. Ex superioribus axillis enascuntur pedunculi oppositi, nudi, erectiusculi |. apice subcernui, inferiores folium superantes, superiores VOL. II. H 58 GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana. vix aquantes, 2-3-flori, floribus subsessilibus in involucro duarum bractearum, (raro 1-flori, flore bibrac- teato.) Flores oblique erecti. Sepala foliacea, distantia, inequalia, ovata lanceolataque, unciam longa, membrana intracalycina duplo breviori. Corolla fere biuncialis, ex basi attenuata sensim ampliata, lobis erectis late ovatis, obtusiusculis, tubo quinquies brevioribus, plica truncata l. breviter triangulari. Stamina tubo breviora, antheris incumbentibus sagittatis. Germen oblongo-lineare, utrinque attenuatum, stylo recto longiusculo. Capsula elliptico-oblonga, in stipitem que longum attenuata, stigmatibus duobus crassis atris reflexis coronata, corollam marcescentem auctam zequans, Semina oblonga, flavo-brunnea, testa grosse areolata, altero latere tenuissime alata, altero exalata, apice et basi processu alzeformi instructa. Haz, Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver. Mr. Douglas. Swamps in woods near the Co- lumbia River. Dr, Gairdner.— This is one of the most beautiful and distinct species of the genus; it has no resemblance whatever with any individual of the group Cyane, and stands nearer, as regards habit, the group of Celanthe, Ren., to which belong G. purpurea, L. and some other species: it is especially like a new one of that group from Kamschatka, but differs from all of them by the long-stalked capsules. The singular inflorescence contributes much to elucidate the pseudo-verticilli of G. lutea, L. Tas. CXLV.— Fig. 1, Flower laid open :—nat. size. 1. G. platypetala (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis abbreviatis ovato-subrotundis, flore unico terminali sessili, calycis integri lobis ovatis acuminatis, corolle cæruleæ lobis renifor- mibus mucronatis plicam triangularem integerrimam duplo superantibus, antheris liberis. Radix repens, annulis densis obsessa, superne foliorum emarcidorum vestigiis tecta. Caules plures ex eádem radice, spithamei, inferne nudi, superne dense foliosi. Folia ovato-subrotunda J. ovato-oblonga (8'" longa) internodia superantia. Flos in folia suprema immersus. Calyx patulus, 5-fidus, rubicundus, corolla duplo brevior, sepalis membraná intracalycinà basi connexis. Corolla basi lata, sensim ampliata, unciam longa; lobi erecti, vix 2" longi, ex basi angustiori dilatati, apice fere truncati, pidat ti ' medio latiores quam longi. Plica acutissima. Genitalia tubo multo breviora. Anthere incumbentes. Ovarium elliptico-lineare. Capsula elliptico-oblonga. Haz, In the island of Sitcha, where it was found during the second expedition of Capt. Kotzebue. 1 have seen specimens in the herbarium of Chamisso, and am not aware that it has been as yet described by Russian botanists.— This constitutes, together with the two following species, a small, but very re- markable and distinct group. Their general appearance is similar to G. septemfida, Pall.; they have a thick and creeping root, often marked by singular rings, formed by concentric ruptures of the epidermis ;—these gradually loosen, and afterwards become contracted; the stem is low and ascending, sometimes more than one grows from the same root ; their leaves are short, roundish, and bent downwards ; the flowers have no peduncle whatever, they are always solitary at the summit of the stem, the calyx be- ing in immediate connexion with the Sea leaves; the seeds seem to be angular and not winged ; at least such is the case in G. calycosa. 8. G. calycosa (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis abbreviatis ovato-l. eric UN dis margine scabriusculis, floribus solitariis terminalibus sessilibus, calyce integro, lobis latissime foliaceis inzequalibus, corollee ceeruleze lobis ovato-oblongis acutis, plica multifida, antheris demum liberis. (Tas. CXLVI.)—£. stricta; caulibus czespitosis, strictissimis, simplicissimis, foliis acutioribus duplo brevioribus internodia sequantibus, radice fascicu- lata, hinc annulata, Radix repens, crassa, nigra, absque annulis. Caules erespitosi, zequales, laxi, spithamei, basi squamis inyolüti, teretes, sulcato-striati, simplices l. parce ramosi, ramis alternis flexuosis cauli similibus. Ber nodia uncialia, superiora paullum longiora. Folia infima squameeformia, ovata, obtusa, c to-vaginanti “O Gentiana.) : GENTIANEA, 59 - superiora sensim majora, ex basi cordata l. late ovata subrotunda l. rotundato-triangularia, obtusissima, 3- 5nervia, margine ad lentem serrulata, horizontaliter patentia, summa flori approximata. Flores solitarii in apice caulis et ramorum immersi, Calycis tubus turbinatus, (4" longus,) membrana intracalycina forma- tus; lobi ejusdem fere longitudinis, foliacei, late ovati l. cordato-triangulares, basi supra incumbentes, ob- tusissimi, longiores dimidiam corollam æquantes. Corolla clavata, (unciam longa, dimidiam unciam lata.) Lobi ovato-oblongi, apice triangulari acuto, tubo triplo breviores, plica triangulari multifida acutissima duplo longiores. Genitalia dimidiam corollam sequantia. Anther@ juniores connate, demum libere, oblongz, sagittatee, incumbentes. Germen oblongo-lineare, apice longe attenuatum, stigmatibus revolutis. Capsula elliptico-oblonga. Semina triangularia, 3-carinata, oblonga, striato-asperiuscula, altero latere acuta. Haz. Both forms occur at Mount Rainier, on the north-west coast. Mr. Tolmie.—' The structure of the lowermost leaves is remarkable; they are commonly reduced to little scales, the opposite pairs of which are so far coherent as to form a loose vagina round the stem of three or four lines in length. -1 saw a similar abortion in G. Pneumonanthe, L., but the vagina did not proceed so far. The same peculiarity occurs in the following species. Tas. CXLVI.—A. var. f. Fig. 1, Flower laid open:—slightly magnified. 9. G. Menziesii (Griseb.); caule erectiusculo, foliis abbreviatis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis margine lzvibus, flore unico terminali sessili, calyce dimidiato utrinque latissimo, corollae lobis cordato-dilatatis triangulari-acutis, plica brevi 2-3crenata, antheris liberis. Radix crassa, apice squamosa. Caulis solitarius, simplicissimus, pedalis, striatus, inferne squamatus, superne foliosus. Internodia subzequalia, uncialia, Folia patentia, connata, ex basi subobliqua, semio- vata, late ovalia, obtusa l. obtusiuscula, 3-5-nervia, (unciam longa, 8" lata.) Vagine calycine subsequales, late ovatze l. ovato-oblongz, apice hinc processibus viridibus (sepalorum rudimentis instructe. Corolla uncialis, clavata, lobi ex basi transverse truncata dilatata, apice triangulari acuto, tubo duplo breviores, plica brevissima l. truncata crenulata. Stigmata elongata, revoluta. Germen oblongo-lineare. Haz. North-West Coast. Mr. Menzies.—This plant is most like G. platypetala, from which it differs by the form ofthe leaves and of the corolla, the base of which runs to a point in this species, while it is very large in G. platypetala, and also by the form of the lobi corolle and the plica intermedia, as is stated in the diagnosis. 10. G. glauca (Pall.); caule humili ascendente, foliis obovato-spathulatis glaucis margine lseviusculis, floribus paucis terminalibus, calyce integro, corollze pallide czeruleze lobis ovatis obtusis plicam integram multo superantibus, antheris liberis, seminibus tenui ala cinctis. (Tas. CXLVII.)— all. Ross. 2. p. 104, t. 93. f. 2.—G. ceespitosa. Graham, in Edin- burgh Philos. Journ. Has. In the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond.—This does not differ at all from the Asiatic plant. The circumstance of the existence of this species in the Rocky Mountains, is a valuable contribution to the laws of the geographical distribution of the Gentians; the greater part of those species which adorn the short summer of the Arctic Zone being again to be met with in the similar elimate of the higher mountains of lower latitudes, Many examples of this fact are known with regard to European species, but scarcely one among those of the new continent, all the numerous species of the Andes being confined to those lati- . tudes. G. glauca, however, affords an instance of a similar distribution to that above quoted; Steller having detected it in Behring's Island, Pallas in Kamschatka, and Chamisso on both shores of Behring's Strait. Now, though the spot where Mr. Drummond found it, in the Rocky Mountains, lies under the same latitude with Kamschatka, it is not to be forgotten that the isothermal line declines there to the south. Tas. CXLVII.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, the same laid open; fig. 3, capsule; fig. 4, seeds:—magnified, 60 GENTIANEE. e [ Gentiana. $ Lë Sectio II. CHONDROPHYLLA, Bg.— Corolla plica intermedia aucta, eglandulosa, infun- dibuliformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula longe stipitata. Testa appressa, ex- ‘alata. Folia margine cartilaginea. 11. G. prostrata (Hk.); caule basi ramoso, ramis unifloris, foliis ovali-spathulatis re- curvato-obtusatis margine levibus apice muticis, calycis lobis ovato-lanceolatis erectis, plicis parvulis bifidis, capsula juniori elliptico-oblonga basi attenuata adulta basi ovata apice attenuata. —G. prostrata. Henk. in Jacq. Coll. 9. p. 66. t. 17. J 2. Froel. p. 15.—G. aqua- tica, o, Froel. p. 18? ex descr.—G. nutans. Bg. in Mém. de P Acad. de Moscou, v. 7. p. 232. t. 11. f: 2. (forma elongata flore nutante.) à Haz. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Bay of Good Hope, Russian Ameriea. Chamisso.— There are two forms of this species, both collected by Mr. Drummond,—one scarcely an inch long, with two or three branches, and quite identical with the G. prostrata of the German Alps,—the other three to six inches high, with many ascending branches of equal length, and the leaves more distant; besides, the flowers are larger, but they are not drooping in the specimens from the Rocky Mountains, as in those col- lected by Chamisso. The latter form is peculiar to North America, but by no means specifically distinct. This species is very similar to G, humilis, Stev. or aquatica of many authors, but it differs by the small bifid plicee, the form of the fruit and the leaves, and a short style, the latter having no style, oblong- lanceolate leaves, an obovate capsule, and roundish plicz, nearly as long as the lobes of the corolla. Some other species, which stand next to G. humilis, have been well analyzed by Mr. Bunge. G.prostrata has been found by Mr. Darwin, at the Straits of Magellan! Sectio III, Trerorruiza, Ren.—Corolla plica intermedia bifida aucta, eglandulosa, hypocrateriformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. Testa appressa exa- lata.— Herbe perennes. x 12. G. Douglasiana (Bong.); caule a basi ramoso tenero, foliis ovalibus cordatisque margine leviusculis, calyce integro, corolle albze lobis oblongis obtusis tubo duplo brevi- oribus. (Tar. CXLVIIL) Bongard, Veg. de Sitcha, p. 38. t. 6.-—8. patens, ovario obo- vato stiligero, caule altiori, ramis stricte patentibus nudiusculis subfastigiatis, corolla pro- fundius partita, plica longiori. (Tan, CXLVIII. B.)—G. trichotoma. Menz. mser. in Herb. Hook. Haz. In swamps; abundant at Fort MacLoughlin, Millbank Sound, N.W. Coast. Mr, Tolmie. In the island of Sitcha. Mr. Mertens. . in the marshes of the N.W.C. Dr. Scouler, Mr. Menzies. Near Fort Vancouver. Mr. Garry.—The dried plant has always a somewhat dirty yellow colour... The plate of Mr, Bongard, though representing with great precision the specimens which had been collected by the late Mr, Mertens, does not well express the appearance of the common form, as those specimens were not yet quite developed: the flowers are not so crowded; the internodia are longer; the branches elongated, rather feeble, and commonly one-fowered. As the fruit has not been seen by Mr. Bongard, I add the following notes to his description: — Capsula elliptico-oblonga, apice attenuata, compressa, superne margi- nata, corollam æquans. Semina nigra, oblonga, angulata, exalata, utrinque acuta, levia, juniora pilosula, valvule utrique binis seriebus juxta suturas inserta.— The appearance of the variety 8. is very singular, and ` the characters of its germen seem to be constant; but I sometimes saw a Short distinct stylus also in the common form, and the shape of the leaves is quite identical. E oe Tas. CXLVIIL-—A. var. z.B, var. 8.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, The same laid open Xs Gentiana.) GENTIANEZ. 61 : * Sectio IV. AncroPHILA.— Corolla plica intermedia destituta, inter basin Julamentorum glandulifera, infundibuliformis. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. Semina globosa, exalata.—Herbe annue. Glandule corolline hinc inde abortu desunt. 13. G. aurea (L.); caule humili basi in ramos cauli similes diviso superne subsimplici, foliis septemnerviis, imis elliptico-oblongis basi attenuatis, caulinis late ovatis obtusiusculis, sepalis margine levibus vix basi junctis insequalibus versus apicem ampliatis corollam sub- zequantibus, corolla 5-v. 4-fide alba lobis ovato-lanceolatis cuspidatis setula terminatis tubum campanulatum sensim ampliatum subeequantibus.—L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 331.—G. invo- - lucrata. Fries, in Act. Hafn. 10. t. 1. LA 4 Haz. Greenland. Vahl, jun. 14. G. aleutica (Cham. et Schlecht.); caule humili a basi ramoso, foliis obscure trinerviis, imis spathulatis, caulinis ovatis acutis, calycis lobis lineari-oblongis insequalibus margine scabris tubum «equantibus, longioribus corollae tubo subbrevioribus, corollz 4-fidæ violaceze lobis ovatis acutiusculis muticis (margine hinc setulosis) tubo campanulato sensim ampliato duplo brevioribus. Cham. et Schlecht in Linnea, 1. p. 115.—G. Unalaschkensis. Bg. in Nou v. Mém. de la Soc. de Moscou, 1. p. 240. t. 9. f.2. i Has: Unalaschka. Chamisso. 15. G. arctophila (Griseb.); caule humili basi in ramos cauli similes diviso superne sim- plici triflori, foliis obscure 3-nerviis, imis obovato-oblongis basi attenuatis, caulinis ovato- oblongis acutis, sepalis margine scaberrimis vix basi junctis inæqualibus, majoribus corolla tubo brevioribus, corollæ 4-fidæ cæruleæ lobis ovato-triangularibus basi superincumbenti- bus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine lævibus) tubo ex basi lata sensim æqualiter am- pliato triplo brevioribus. (Tas. CXLIX.)—£. densiflora; floribus tribus terminalibus ap- proximatis, foliis caulinis cordato-ovatis l. cordato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis, sepalis duobus maximis corollæ tubum æquantibus 1. superantibus, minoribus anguste lanceolatis abbrevi- atis. (The colour of the flowers is, perhaps, also different, since all the corolle of this variety have kept their bright blue, as the colour was stated by Mr. Drummond; while the specimens from the Arctic sea-coast have now whitish flowers, with a violet tint here and there.) Tas. CXLIX. B.B. : Radix tenuis, simplex, curve descendens. Caulis basi infra ramificationem foliis quibusdam rosulatus; rami insequales, partim decumbentes, partim descendentes, medius plerumque major erectiusculus 2-3un- cialis, minores unciales, omnes 3-(rarius 1) flori, unico pari foliorum instructi, teretiusculi. Folia ima obovato-oblonga obtusa l. elliptico-oblonga acutiuscula, margine ad lentem tenuissime serrulata, (6—8'" longa, 3” lata;) caulina supra medium ramum sita, ovato-oblonga, sessilia, acuta, sepe acutissima, (6-9 " longa, 2-4” lata.) Pedicelli laterales ex axillis foliorum caulinorum 2-6”, longi; pedunculus terminalis 8-12”, longus, ebracteatus. Calyx fere ad basin divisus, sepalis foliis caulinis simillimis. Corolla fere uncialis, infundibuliformi-hypocrateriformis, tubo basi 2", apice Ke lato. Filamenta alata, basi latiora, Anthere parvæ, oblongæ, violaceæ, incumbentes. Ovarium oblongo-lineare, stamina corollæque tubum æquans. Stigmata 2 oblongo-linearia, revoluta, ovario imposita, quam in ceteris Arctophilis longiora. Capsula oblongo-linearis, corollam marcescentem æquans, seminibus minutissimis fuscis applanatis lævibus exalatis in utraque valvula biserialibus.—Species ludit sepalis æqualibus; etiam scapis unifloris cæspitosis, 62 GENTIANEA. [Gentiana. — " Has. Arctic Sea-Coast. Dr. Richardson. 8. Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond.—This affords an- ix - other instance of the occurrence of the same species at the level of the sea in the north, as well asata ^ ` certain height in lower latitudes. It approaches nearly to G. propinqua, Rich., but it seems to differ d t constantly, since its exterior habit, and the manner of its ramification, is indeed anything but analogous. In Chamisso's specimens of the latter species, the lobes of the corolla are lanceolate, and not super- = incumbent, at their base ; but, among that great seriesof specimens which have been collected on Capt. ` ` ` Franklin’s expedition, are to be found flowers wholly similar to those of G. arctophila, differing, indeed, only in having their corolla always much slenderer and narrower at the base of its tube, as well as some- =- what serrated at its lobes. ET - Tas. CXLIX.—A. var. e, B.B. var. 6.—Fig. 1, Flower of 8; fig. 2, The same laid open:—magnified. t 16. G. propinqua (Rich.) caule gracili basi flagellifero superne subsimplici, foliis imis spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis lanceolatisque acutis, sepalis margine levibus basi junctis valde inzequalibus, binis ovatis acutis tubum coroll: equantibus, binis lanceo- lato-linearibus brevioribus, corolle 4-(5?)-fide cæruleæ lobis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis- simis setula terminatis (margine hinc setulosis) tubo obconico fere duplo brevioribus. (Tas. CL.) —Richardson in Narr. of a Journey by Frankl. p. 134.—G. Rurikiana. Cham. et — Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 176.—G. setiflora. Bg. l. c. p. 242. t. 9. f. 4.—8. densiflora; ~ floribus terminalibus aggregatis a foliis floralibus involucratis, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis : obtusis, foliis radicalibus spathulatis rosulatis, flagellis erectiusculis foliosis apice densifloris _ caule dimidio minoribus, caule humiliori; ee d £ » y ork Has. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains (Mr. Drummond), together with the variety. Cumber- ` i land House to Bear Lake, and Bear Lake River. Dr. Richardson. Escholtz’s Bay. Chamisso.—This ` species is chiefly characterised by a great many small branches or flagella, which rise from the axille ° — — of the radical leaves, and from the inferior ones of the stem, They are very slender, one or two inches = long, commonly with one pair of leaves and one terminal flower, which is considerably smaller than the — flowers of the stem. There are specimens with twenty such branchlets. This species grows along with — - G. acuta, Mich., some forms of which are so strikingly like this plant, that one would easily think them _ not specifically different, the more so as the beard of G. acuta sometimes almost totally disappears, and `. ` the existence of glands between the filaments in the section Arctophila is also variable. The cuspidate - lobes of the corolla, however, afford a character which never fails.— The original specimens did not present a 5-cleft corolla; but this is a point of no value at all in this group of Gentiane, and Chamisso's and Richardson's plants are quite the same. In the drawing of Mr. Bunge, the shape of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla, is not well given.— The variety £. is in fact so similar to G. aleutica, Cham., that it is impossible to distinguish them in any other way than by the calyx, the lobes of which are regular in the latter, and united in a tube half as long as themselves. Also, the leaves of the stem are still larger and more stem-clasping. It seems that the constancy of these characters is still to be proved by investigations on the spot. Transition forms between that variety and the common appearance of G. propinqua, Rich., are frequent. Tas. CL.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, The same laid open:—magnified, 17, G. quinqueflora (Lam.); caule vegeto a basi ramoso, ramis oppositis, foliis imis obo- vato-linearibus paucis, ceteris cordato-ovatis (acutissimis) 5-7 nerviis, calycis corolla qua- druplo brevioris lobis subulatis sequalibus margine scabriusculis tubum sequantibus, corollae 5 fide cæruleæ lobis triangularibus acutissimis setula terminatis (margine levibus) tubo Ec Gentiana.] GENTIANEZ. 63 . . obconico quadruplo brevioribus.— Lam. Encycl. 2. p. 643. Bot. Mag. t. 3496.—G. quin- quefolia. Z. Sp: 1. p. 833.—G. amarelloides. Mich. 1. p. 177. Pursh, 1. p. 186. -~ . Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival.— The specimens differ somewhat from the common form, in having blunt leaves and a divaricating infloresence. "i 18. G. tenuis (Griseb.); caule stricto subsimplici, foliis linearibus obtusis (mucronatis), . sepalis margine scaberrimis basi vix junctis inzequalibus longioribus tubum corollz zequan- tibus, corollee 4-fidze albidze (?) lobis oblongis obtusissimis mucronulatis tubo cylindrico - duplo brevioribus. (Tas. CLI.) de D _ Radix tenuis, descendens, ramosa. Caulis spithameus 1. pedalis, strictissimus, subsimplex, teretiuscu- lus, a basi ad apicem sequaliter foliosus, basi rubicundus. Znternodia ima semiuncialia, cetera uncialia, hinc sesquiuncialia. Folia exacte linearia, basi latiuscula, apice rotundato mucronulato, 1. cuspidato, 1. acuminato, obsolete trinervia, margine ad lentem creberrime serrulata, obscure viridia, basi connato-am- plexantia, (unciam longa, 1-13" lata.) Flores tenues, parvi, in äxillis superioribus subsessiles, erecto-ap- pressi: terminalis longius pedicellatus. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata. Corolla sicca albida, infundibuli- formi-hypocrateriformis, (5" longa, 14-2” lata.) Glandule inter basin filamentorum. Capilli hine 3-5 e tenues in lobis coroll. Genitalia tubum zequantia. Anthere rotundz, incumbentes. Germen ellipticum, stigmatibus parvulis vix revolutis. Capsula—? Ha». At the Mackenzie River. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson.—'There is no species of the least analogy with this in the group of Arctophile, the appearance being exactly that of G. - (— Amarella, or G. acuta ; but as glands occur between the filaments, which have not been observed in the > group of Endotriche, and on the other hand, as there is seldom a trace of a beard in the corolla, it will ` + be more convenient to bring this species into this group, although it must be observed that it unites most naturally with that of G. Amarella. Besides, it differs from the latter by de peculiar form of the leaves, and of the lobes of the corolla. f Taz. CLI.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Pistil:—magnified. Sectio V. ENDoTRICHA, Bg.—Corolla plica intermedia destituta, eglandulosa, hypocra- P teriformis, corona fimbriarum aucta. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula sessilis. - Semina globosa, exalata.— Herbe annue. ~ a x 19. G. tenella (Fries); caule basi ramoso, ramis nudis elongatis unifloris, sepalis obtusis duobus majoribus, corolle 4-fidz tubo cylindrico lobos subsequante.— Fries, in Act. Hafn. 10. p. 436.—G. glacialis. Thom. App. Vill. Delph. 1. App. 532.—G. dichotoma. Pall. Ross. 2. p. 110.—G. borealis. Bg. l c. p. 257. t. 10. f. 2. Haz. At Behring Strait, on the shore of the sea at Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso.— This form is a foot high, and very straight; the sepala are almost as long as the corolla: on which differences Mr. Bunge established his G. borealis. But the same appearance occurs not only in Norway, but sometimes also in the Alps, and there is no constancy in these characters. , 20. G. acuta (Mich.); caule gracili erecto ramoso, foliis connato-vaginantibus, inferiori- bus oblongo-spathulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutissimis, calyce subzequali co- rollam dimidiam vix æquante.— Mich. Bor. Am. 1. p. 177.—G. plebeja. Bg. l c. p. 250. t. 9. f: 5.—G. Amarella. ‚Richards. in Narrat. l.c.—8. stricta, caule 2-4 pedali, racemis axillaribus strictis elongatis erectis, calyce insequali, foliis zequalibus, floribus siccis flaves- centibus. à 64 GENTIANEE. [ Gentiana. Haz, œ. and 6, Canada to the Rocky Mountains and Slave Lake. Michaux, Dr. Richardson, Douglas, Drummond.—The common appearance is much more slender than in the drawing of Mr. Bunge, the leaves are narrower and the branches shorter; but the same form as that from Unalaschka occurs also in the Rocky Mountains. ag This species is extremely like our G. Amarella; it seems, however, to differ constantly in the way the leaves embrace the stem. In G. Amarella the lamina of the two leaves ends at that point where they are affixed to the stem, so that they are separated from each other by an interstice formed by the stem; while in G. acuta the bases of both leaves touch each other without any interstice, so that the substance of the leaves itself is somewhat connate: this character seems to be invariable throughout all those numerous forms in which these species are so rich; the upper leaves of G. acuta are, besides, always longer and more acute, and the leaves near the root are more or less spathulate, while in G. Amarella the leaves are always more equal in the same individual; the beard of G. acuta is longer and thinner, so as to disappear almost wholly here and there; the flowers are somewhat smaller; the calyx is shorter and more unequal; the stem more angular, and commonly almost winged. Besides, most of its forms are much stiffer, taller, and more branched ; the stem often produces such slender and numerous branchlets from the under- axille as has been mentioned above of G. propinqua.— G. acuta, Nutt., which has been doubtfully re- ferred to G. campestris, certainly is the species of Michaux, which seems the only one of Endotriche widely dispersed through the northern parts of the new continent, and the varieties of which are as mani- fold as those of G. Amarella. Sectio VI. CnossorETALUM, Froel.— Corolle, plica intermedia destitute, glandulis inter basin filamentorum aucte, lobi cum tubo continui l. expansi margine fimbriati. ` Stigmata lata orbiculata distincta. Capsula stipitata l. basi attenuata. Testa exalata aculeis mol- libus tecta (l. rarius levis.) —Herbe annue et perennes. : 21. G. detonsa (Fries); caule stricto, pedunculis superne nudis, foliis oblongo-lanceo- latis linearibusque basi attenuatis, corolla lobis tubum subsequantibus oblongis rotundatis margine versus apicem serratis medio ciliato-pectinatis basi integerrimis, seminibus acule- atis.— Fries, in Act. Hafn. l c. t. 1. f. 8.—G. brachypetala. Bg.l.c. p. 225. t 11. f.3. (specimen defloratum.)—G. ciliata. Gunn. Norv. 2. p. 88. t. 2. f. 3-5.—G. serrata. Gunn. 2. p. 101. (forma cor. 5-fida.) Fl. Dan. 317.—f. barbata, radice bienni, caule erecto ra- ` moso, foliis caulinis longissime acuminatis, corolla duplo majori, stigmatibus ovario obovato impositis (in planta sibirica; in americana plerumque ovarium ellipticum et stylus con- spicuus.)—G. barbata. Froel. p. 114. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 639.—G. ciliata. Pall. Ross. 2. t. 92. f. 2.—y. simplex, radice bienni, caule simplici unifloro gracillimo superne nudo, co- rolla ut in £., foliis imis lineari-spathulatis, superioribus linearibus. G. barbata, simplex. Bg. l. c. p. 224. t. 9. f. 1.—G. intermedia. Richards. ms. Haz. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Slave Lake, passing into 9. Dr. Richardson. Edmonton House to Carlton House on the Saskatchawan. Mr. Drummond. Arctic sea-shore, Dr, Richardson.—f. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. Sheppard. Huron Lake. Dr. Todd. Banks of the Maitland River. Mr. Js. Macnab. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson. Saskatchawan and Rocky Mountains,—with forms passing into a; and £. Mr. Drummond.— The name given by Fries is the oldest one for this polymorphous species: the variety, which has been nicely drawn by Mr. Bunge, proving that there are no certain limits between G. barbata, Froel. of the Altai, and G. detonsa, Fries, of the Arctic Zone and Lapland. "This was the more clearly shown by the large collection of American specimens which I have been able to examine: Pleurogyne.] GENTIANBE. 65 even the shape of the ovarium, which I D Zéi before to afford constant characters, is here not less fal- lible than the regularity or irregularity of the calyx, as well as the large size of the ftower. It seems to depend upon the nature of the locality, whether the root be biennial or annual.—The American G. bar- bata differs somewhat from the Altaic form, by the lower leaves being more blunt, and by having a dis- tinet style and nearly equal calyx. Though these characters are by no means constant, one may form, on these grounds, an American variety; but we-find, here and there, specimens which are quite identical with some Siberian ones: besides, the variety . occurs in both countries. 92. G. crinita (Froel.); caule stricto multifloro folioso, foliis cordato-lanceolatis, pedun- culis superne nudis elongatis, coroll: lobis oblongis rotundatis margine fimbriatis, fimbriis deorsum longioribus basi loborum nullis, ovario ovato-lanceolato, seminibus aculeolatis. Froel. p. 112. Pursh, 1. p. 188. Beck, p. 240. Bot. Mag. t. 2031.—G. fimbriata. Andr. Bot. Hepos. t. 509.—G. ciliata, Americana. L. Has. Canada. Mr. Goldie.—This is widely dispersed throughout the United States. . 23. G. ventricosa (Griseb.); caule stricto gracili, foliis caulinis ovato-oblongis sg? calyce inzequali alato ventricoso corollam involvente, corollee lobis zequaliter crenato-fim- ' briatis. (Tas. CLII.) Radix annua, tenuis, ramosa. Caulis pedalis, strictus, glaber, teres, striatus, preter ramos quosdam insequales unifloros secundos simplex, superne gracilis. Internodia ima uncialia, cetera sensim longiora, 2-3-uncialia. Folia margine ad lentem tenuissime scabrida, ima rosulata obovato-subrotunda 1. obovato- oblonga, in petiolum attenuata, (4-6” longa,) caulina ovato-oblonga obtusa, (unciam longa, 4"—6" lata.) Rami pedunculares, flexuosi, simplices, uno pari foliorum a flore remoto instructi; pedunculus termina lis 1 florus, ebracteatus, (3-4 uncialis.) Calyx clausus, ovoideus, (9" longus, 4—5" latus,) acuminatus, corollam tertia parte superans, lobis tubum equantibus, binis lanceolatis acuminatissimis longe mucronatis, binis ovatis acuminatis paullo minoribus latius alatis (ale per sepala, cetera per scariosam membranam intra- calycinam formantur.) Corolla inclusa, convoluta, 4-fida, lobis ovato-oblongis, tubum sensim ampliatum zequantibus, elegantissime zequaliter crenato-fimbriatis, obtusis. Filamenta brevissima (1-29" longa,) lata, membranacea, sub apice tubi inserta. -Anther@ ex tubo exsertz, introrsee, loculis basi distantibus extror- sum connectivo membranaceo cum filamento contiguo junctis. ` Ovarium elliptico-oblongum, stamina paul- lum superans, stylo nullo, stigmatibus orbiculatis 2-lamellatis. Capsula ignota. Has. Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan. Between Cumberland House and Hudson’s Bay. Drummond.—One of the most remarkable species: the appearance is exactly like G, utriculosa, but from the structure of the flower, it is nearest G. detonsa. Tas, CLII.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Corolla; fig. 3, Corolla laid open; figs. 4, 5, Back and front view of a stamen; fig. 6, Section of a calyx:—magnified. wë, 2. PLEUROGYNE. EscuschoLz. ap. Cnam. Linnea, |. p. 190. Fovee epipetalee glandulifere 0. Filamenta basi sequalia. Stigmata lateralia (ad sutu- ras valvularum decurrentia.) Capsula unilocularis. "Corolla rotata, corona fimbriarum brevissima. aucta. L P. rotata (L. sub Swertia); foliis lanceolatis Jinearibusque, calycis lobis lanceolato- linearibus corollam zequantibus, ovario acuto, seminibus suture valvularum insertis.—L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 328. Pallas, 2. p. 98. (excl. synon. et fig. JUL) t. 89. f. 1. 2.—Gentiana ro- - tata. Froel. p. 105. ex descriptione (exclus. synon. et var. 8.) —Swertia sulcata, Fries, l. c. VOL. II. I * er E e e. e É KN , TM ES" V. MES "` Jj - Ss - 7 e "e 66 T. | GENTIANEZ, [Frasera. - p. 438. t. 1. J. 4.—y. Americana, caule humili fastigiato-ramosissimo, ramis 1-3-floris, foliis oblongo-linearibus obtusis, i imis rosu Weg Haz. Between Guilin House and. oe Bay. Dad: Kotzebue Sound. Captain Beechey. Eschscholtz Sound. Mr. Von Chamisso ; y. Labrador. Dr. Morison.—The variety f. grows in the Altai, See an account of the confusion of synonyms of this species in Chamisso and Schlechtendal (Linnea 1. p. 188.) where they have stated all points with their usual exactness,—The Swerti@ of Mr. Pursh are quite doubtful; his Swertia pusilla is certainly Sw. Stelleriana, Cham. Schlecht.—another spe- cies of Pleurogyne, which 1 do not consider specifically distinct from Sw, Carinthiaca, Wulf; Mr. Pursh . states that he has seen specimens of it from Labrador in the Banksian herbarium, but as the variety y. of E: 1. rotata is indeed We e to it, I did not deem it convenient to follow his statement, not having s seen 7# Rame broader leaves, shorter sepala, ang the insertion of the’seeds being analogous to. dae ep da. Ki m +- - ye Hok Jer d Fee Mae M 237 Zaika xd E “specimens from that cou There are specimens of our plant scarcely an inch high, the sepala being sometimes larger than in the common form; Pleurogyne Stelleriana differs from them only by its blunt “ae 2 3. SWERTIA. L. i : Fovee sr: glanduliferze, fimbriis cincta. Stigma terminale, ovario impositum, continuum, reniforme. Capsula unilocularis, seminibus indefinitis valvulis. affixis. Corolla rotata pentamera absque corona. 1. Sw. perennis (L.); caule basi ascendente, petalis elliptico-oblongis coriaceis sepala ` lanceolata duplo superantibus, foveis binis, fimbriarum cristis distinctis, seminibus alatis. ade” L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 328. Engl. Bot. t. 1441. Jacq. Austr. 3. t. 243.—8. obtusa; petalis. lati- oribus obtusioribus, foliis radicalibus gatuioribus caulinis plerisque alternis. _ : $ Haz. e N.W. Coast. K Menzies There is no difference from the Altaic form, I have examined the same variety collecte at Konigsberg, and its characters are not constant. —Swertia fastigiata, Pursh, may be another species of this genus: it seems, — more probable that it is a Frasera, as Mr Pursh refers the a to Tetrandria. * : 2 4, FRASERA. Walt. Á Fovee rg glanduliferze fimbriis cincte. Stigmata distincta, sitos imposita. Cap- sula unilocularis, compressa, seminibus subdefinitis magnis alatis, valvularum suture affixis. Corolla rotata decidua tetramera. ° + 1. F. Carolinensis (Walt); ; caule erecto tereti glabro, foliis oppositis verticillatisque aet longo-lanceolatis, racemo elongato densifloro, calyce corolla longiore, fovea orbiculari taria. alt. Car. p. 81. Torrey, p. 187.—F. Walteri. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 9. Pursh, 1. p. 101. Ell. Car. v. 1. p. 205.—F. verticillata. Muhl. : Cat. ) : ; Haz. Shores of the Columbia. Doug. —[Hook.] 2. F. speciosa (Dongl. ms.); Sege erecto tereti ‘sulcato KE v quaternis | oblongo- ` linearibus acutiusculis, racemo elongato densifloro, calyce. córollam SUN ME GE? na pu e tico-oblongis binis. (Tas. CLIII.) A Radiz perennis, pollicem crassa, apice comosa, etiam foliorum vaginis tecta, partim emortuorum di - Caulis strictus plurimum orgyarum, inferne digitum crassus, dense foliosus, simplex, Be -in racemum pedalem sie? eum Jess get up. $ Internodia caulis 2-3 usd oA taii y A E i & Halenia] : GENTIANEE. - eT lj-uncialia. Folia radicalia semipedalia, unciam lata, in latum petiolum attenuata, acuminata, acutiuscula, 7-9 nervia, glabra, caulina quaterna, conn nantia, 4 uncias longa, Jfloralia sensim mi- nora, summa sesquiuncialia. Inflorescentia racemosa, verticillastris distinctis composita: pedunculi com- munes quaterni, axillares, unciales, apice cyma- 'umbelleeformi bibracteata terminati, flore centrali longius pedicellato internodium axis superante: eodem modo caulis summus terminatur, pedicello ultimo 13-2- unciali, ebracteato. Sepala 4 linearia, acuminata, obtusiuscula, vix basi juncta, 9" longa. Petala oblongo- elliptica, obtusa, albida, apice punctata, erecta, basi barbata, fimbriarum cristis foveas cingentibus longis pectinatis. Filamenta basi in annulum brevem connexa et abrupte arcuato-dilatata, demum connectivi ` apici i a. Anthera introrse, loculis oblongis connectivo duplo longioribus, obeordatee, Ovarium ovale ` € superans, stigmate breviter bilobo. Capsula—? Has, On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts of the Blue Mountain: near the Kooskooska River, N. W.C. Douglas.—[This is quite distinct from the preceding, much larger i every part, with longer petals and constantly 2 oblong fovez upon each of them.— Hook.) ` Tas. CLIII. — Fig. 1, Flower; fig..2, Petal: :—magnified. N . Frasera albicaulis (Dougl..ms. sub Swertia); caule ascendente tereti- pilis aliia Perea scabrido, foliis oppositis linearibus obtusis, racemo densifloro, calyce — itii: fovea. neari unica. (Tas. CLIV.) : pérennis foliorum emarcidorum vaginis tecta. Caulis ex basi ascendente stricte erectus, pedalis, simplex, "vas e paucis et apice: racemo denso instraetus. ‚Internodia 4-8-uncialia, preter inflorescentiam plerumque i in toto caule bina. Folia elongato-linearia, nervosa, pilis quam in caule brevioribus densiori- busque subalbescentia, alte ‚connato-vaginantia, radicalia duo 3-4-uncialia, 38-4" lata, caulina 3-uncialia patula, floralia minora, paucissima ex inflorescentia exserta. Inflorescentia racemiformis, ex verticillas- tris 2-4 approximatis cymaque densa umbellaformi terminali constituta, accedente hine verticillastro in sequentibus axillis, 4 uncias remotis; pedunculi verticillastrorum communes, plerumque in utraque axilla =; bini, alter semiuncialis densa umbellula terminatus, alter minor pauciflorus: pedicellis brevibus confertis, centrali longiori: Sepala linearia, acuminata,sublibera. Petala 3-4” longa, cærulea, oblongo-lanceolata, 7 acuminata, uninervia, fovea dimidium petalum æquante, crista fimbriarum brevi ad basin petali producta. Filamenta tenuia ; anthere ad indolem præcedentis speciei. Ovarium oblongo-ellipticum, apice attenua- ^ tum, stylum tenuem Rn stigmate breviter bilobo. Ovula oblonga, alata, pauca, (suturis affixa.) Caps. E Haz. In the Mountain ` Vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls, in moist soil. Mr. Douglas, Tas. CLIV. —Fig. 1, Videos Jig. 2, Petal; E Stamen; ; fig. 4, Pistil :—magnified, e 5. HALENIA. Borkh. ids .. Petala Gë calcarata, glandulis Ende calcarum en, Stigmata vei e E unilocularis, seminibus indefinitis suturis valvularum affixis. Corolla breviter cam- nn Dach i 1. Hi defleza. (S sub Swe) caule erecto folioso, foliis 3-5 nerviis, "rádicalibus thulatis in p im seque longum attenuatis caulinis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis us calcaribus cylindrieis TE curvo-descendentibus corolla duplo brevioribus. V.) —Swertia corniculata. Mich. Am. Y. Pe Bis Michaoxiana. R. S. 6. p. . Americana, "Spreng. Syst. 1. p. 861. Haz. Spencer Wood, ( Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. | "NGA House to Canada. Dr, Rich. ardson, Drummond. . Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. ard Mountains. Drummond.— This species is very nearly allied to H. Sibirica, Borkh.; and since both vary much i in the form of their leayes as well as in = 68 3 GENTIANEÆ. [Halenia. their ramification, their characters require much to be explained. H. deflexa differt: caule vegetiori, stric- tiori, magis virente, alato nec angulato; ramis aut abbreviatis aut elongatis strictis, nec laxis patulis apice cernuis; foliis majoribus, plerumque latioribus, imis confertis obovatis longe petiolatis læte virentibus, nec ellipticis parvulis, sub anthesi jam emarcidis; calcaribus corolla duplo brevioribus curvo-descendentibus, demum curvo-subascendentibus crassiusculis, nec corollam æquantibus stricte patentibus dentibuspue pili- formibus. Tas. CLV. - pO 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamen; jig. 8, Pistil; go 4, Capsule; fig. 5, Section of do.; fig. 6, Seed; fig. 7, Section of do.; fig. 8, Embryo:—magnified. 2. H. Brentoniana (Griseb.): caule humili erectiusculo diffuse ramoso, foliis 3-5-nerviis lliptico-oblongis acuminatissimis in petiolum attenuatis, summis subsessilibus oblongo- e cyma terminali umbellzeformi 3-flora, flore centrali longius pedicellato, calcari- bus crassiusculis obtusis curvo-descendentibus l. subhorizontalibus corolla brevioribus. (Tap. CLVI. A.) Radix curvo-descendens, annua. Caulis triuncialis, obsolete tetrapterus, glaber, siccus obscure ceeruleo- viridescens. Rami erecto-patentes, cauli similes. Internodia inferiora brevissima, superiora 4-6-8’” longa. Folia patentissima 1-13" longa, 4-8” lata, glabra, subinzequalia, ima longius petiolata, spathulato-oblonga, acuta, media elliptico-oblonga, acutissima, subsessilia, floralia minora. Pedicelli breviusculi, verticillastris accedentibus eum cyma terminali et cum inflorescentia ramorum confluentibus. Sepala 4 oblongo-lanceo- lata, acutissima, corollam dimidiam zequantia. Corolla campanulata-cylindrica, (5" alta et lata,) lobis ovato-triangularibus acutis erectis tubum sequantibus. Calcara corolla fere duplo breviora. Anthere flaye, parvule, nutantes, Ovarium ovato-oblongum acutum, stylo nullo, stigmatibus vix distinguendis. Haz. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton, Dr. Morrison. Tar. CLVI. A.— Fig. 1, Flower:—magnified. 3. H. heterantha (Griseb.); caule humili erectiusculo ramoso, foliis 5-nerviis, imis spathu- latis petiolatis, superioribus ovato-subrotundis subsessilibus apice rotundatis apiculatis, floribus confertis, calcare tenui corolla triplo breviori, floribus inferioribus Seen atis. (Tas. CLVI. B.) : ^ Radiz curvo-descendens, annua. Caulis 4-uncialis, in ramos zequales plerosque oppositos divisus, as- - cendenti-erectus, glaber, teretiusculus 1. alis binis ex foliis decurrentibus tenuibus fere anceps. Internodia insequalia, ima 4" longa, media uncialia, suprema semiuncialia. Folia ad lentem serrulata, «equalia, (8'" longa, 6" lata,) sed inferiora longius petiolata, obtusiora. Cyma terminalis umbelleformis 5-flora, pedi- cellis ineequalibus 1-4 linearibus, cui accedunt verticillastra 2-6-flora. Sepala 4 ovato-oblonga, acuminata, juniora recurvata, corollam dimidiam «equantia. Corolla ochroleuca, breviter campanulata, lobis ovato- triangularibus acutis erectis 2-3" longis tubum rotundatum cequantibus; calcar oblique descendens rectius- culum; flores ecalearati minores. Anthere globulose parvulee, filamenti latitudinem subzequantes. Ova- rium ovale, stigmatibus sessilibus erectis brevibus connatis. Capsula corollam marcescenterh fere duplo excedens, elliptico-oblonga. Semina magna, albida, globosa, levissima, (quias, affixa.) | . Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.— This is a most remarkable species, on account of the nce of the calcara in the lower flowers, which are also much smaller, at the same time that the branches are more slender, on the top of which these flowers are crowded. This abortion, however, affords no reason to doubt of the constancy of the generic characters of Halenia, since the genus is as well limited by the struc- ure of its ovarium and by the insertion of its seeds, as by its spurs; also, the form of the corolla itself i is constantly different from Swertia. . = Tas. CLVI. B.—Fig. 1, Flower:—magnified, u E Sabbatia.] GENTIANEE. 69 Tribus II. EnvrHRACACEX.— nflorescentia dichotoma, caule per florem alarem dichotomie terminato. Sepala sublibera. Anthere sepe spirales, rima loculorum sursum dehiscente (Chironieis rima loculorum deorsum. dehiscens, hinc abbreviata, plerumque utriusque loculi contigua.) Stylus distinctus deciduus (raro 0), stigmate variabili. Capsula unilocularis l. marginibus introflevis semibilocularis, placentis suturalibus, l. placenta centrali bilocularis. — Corolla rubra, alba, I. flava, eglandulosa, infundibuliformis, demum supra capsulam torta, l. decidua. Herbe plereque annua, per totum terrarum orbem disperse, in temperatis aus- tralioribus utriusque hemisphere frequentiores. 6. CICENDIA. Adans. Corolla regularis, 4-fida. Anthere immutate. Stigma indivisum. Capsula unilocu- laris 1. semibilocularis. 1. C. exaltata (Griseb.); caule ascendente, stricte ramoso, foliis lanceolato-linearibus, corollae tubo gracili lobos oblongos obtusos :equante, stylo nullo, capsula semibiloculari. (Tas. CLVII. A.) Radiz annua. Caulis spithameus, glaber, obsolete tetragonus |. alis duabus tenuissime fere anceps, gracilis, basi ascendens, stricte dichotome ramosus. Internodia 1-2 uncialia. Inflorescentia quater dicho- toma, pedicellis alaribus nudis internodia subeequantibus. Folia caulina lanceolato-linearia, acuminata, in- ternodiis duplo breviora, superiora minora, omnia nervosa, basi 1-13" lata, nervo medio subtus conspicuo decurrente, Folia 2 floralia sub quavis ramificatione cy me, pedicellis ebracteatis. Corola infundibuli- formis, tubo curvo gracili. ` Calyx corolle tubo subbrevior, lobis ovato-oblongis acutis insequalibus tubum subzequantibus. Filamenta brevia, tubo supra medium inserta, antheris oblongis erectis, loculis connecti- vum zquantibus demum patentibus crispatis (nec spiraliter tortis.) Ovarium ovato-oblongum, obtusum, stigmate vix distinguendo. Capsula oblongo-linearis, calyce duplo longior, badia, inferne corollee emarcide vestigiis vestita. Semina minutissima, rotunda, badia, A Has. Near mountain springs and streams, not uncommon between the Kettle Falls, “and Narrows” of the Columbia River, N.W.C. Douglas.—It differs somewhat from the genus, and even from the tribe, by the absence of any style: but, besides the characters taken from the flower, the Erythracacee are so well marked by their inflorescence, that I am of opinion the present would be the most convenient place for this species. I have seen only one specimen, which was already in a very advanced state. Ez- acum pulchellum, Pursh, which I have not yet obtained, may be another North American species of this genus, with which Or/Aostemon, Br., may perhaps be not improperly joined, as it seems to differ only by its stigma, the characters of which are at least variable in Erythrea and Canscora. Tas. CLVII. A.—Cicendia exalata. Tribus III. CuLoreæ.— Inflorescentia dichotoma. Corolla eglandulosa, rotata, demum circa capsulam marcescens. Antherarum loculi distincti. Stylus distinctus, deciduus, stig- mate variabili. Capsula unilocularis l. semibilocularis.— Herbe plereque annue, Europe et Americe incole, Europearum floribus plerumque flavis, Americanarum sepius roseis. : 7. SABBATIA. Adans. : Flos 5 (-12)-merus. Anthere erecta, demum recurvee. Stigmata bicruria, demum spiraliter torta. Capsula unilocularis, valvulis parum introflexis. 1. S. gracilis (Salisb.); caule teretiusculo effuse paniculato, ramis alternis, foliis- lineari- 70 GENTIANEZ. [Villarsia. bus inferioribus ovatis lanceolatisque, calycis corollam fere sequantis tubo brevissimo, lobis subulatis, corollae 5-fidae roses lobis elliptico-oblongis obtusis.—Chironia campanulata. L. sp. 1. p. 212. Willd!—Ch. gracilis. Mich. Am. 1. 146.—Sabbatia gracilis. Salisb. Pa- radis. Londin. t. 32. Pursh, 1. p. 137.—S. campanulata. Torrey. Har. Canada. Willd. herb,—The specimens originate probably from Mühlenberg, but lately bota- nists seem not to have met with it in British North America. S. paniculata, Ell., is very near, and it dif- fers especially by a very short calyx and white flowers, both characters of not much value in Sabbatia: be- sides, however, the filaments of the latter and the leaves are shorter: the inferior ones more blunt.” 2. S. angularis; caule tetragono paniculato, ramis oppositis, foliis cordato-ovatis basi connatis obtusis, calycis tubo brevi, lobis lanceolatis acutis corolla brevioribus, corollae rose 5-fidee lobis obovato-ellipticis obtusis.— Chironia angularis. L. sp. 1. 972. Mich. 1. p. 146.—Sabbatia angularis. Pursh, 1. p. 137. Has, Canada. Mr. Goldie.—The leaves are sometimes smaller and longer, as well as the lobes of the corolla. There occur also white-flowered specimens. Tribus IV. Menyanruipex.— Zstivatio corolle induplicativa. Capsula unilocularis. Corolla apparatu glanduloso instructa, decidua. 8. MENYANTHES. Z. Semina in nervo medio utriusque valvulz l-serialia. Capsula juxta suturam valvularum ruptilis. 1. M. trifoliata; foliis ternatis.—_L. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 208. Engl. Bot. t. 495. Haz. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mr. Cleghorn, Mr. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton, Dr. Morrison. Labrador. Miss Brenton. Lake Winnipeg and Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond. North West Coast. Dr. Scouler. Sitcha. Mr. Mertens. 9. VILLARSIA. Vent. Placente suturales. | Capsula 2-valvis, valvis demum bifidis. 1. Y. Crista galli (Menz. sub Menyanthide); scapo elato, foliis late reniformibus crenatis emarginatis a petiolo distinctis, floribus paucis congestis.—Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 45. t. 24. Bongard Vég. de Sitcha. p. 38. Haz. Port Edgecombe. Mr. Menzies. Sitcha. Mr. Mertens. 2. V. pumila (Dougl. sub Menyanthide); scapis humilibus unifloris, foliis elliptico-ob- longis integerrimis obtusis in petiolum attenuatis. (Tas. CLVII. B.) Rhizoma repens, crassiusculum, radices filiformes tenuissimas simplices deorsum emittens, apice hinc divisum petiolorumque vaginis alternis tectum. Petioli unciales, erecti, tenues. Folia 1-13 uncias longa, semiunciam lata, subrepanda, nervo medio subtus conspicuo cum petiolo confluente, Scapi erecti, tenuis- simi, 1-2 unciales. “ Flores albi, venis rubris, fimbriis flavis." Doug. Calyx ebracteatus, tubum corolle subeequans, lobis oblongis obtusis tubo calycino duplo longioribus. Corolla rotata, aperta, tubo infundi- bulari lobis ovalibus duplo brevioribus; faux corolle cum basi loborum fimbriata, Anthere subglobosse, incumbentes. Ovarium basi glandulis minutis cinctum, pubescentia pilosa undique tectum, ovatum, stylum æquans; stigmata linearia, patentia, 2” longa. Ovula minutissima suturis affixa? Capsula—? ` Polemonium.] POLEMONIACEA. | 71 Haz. Common near springs and on marshy ground in the Vallies of the Rocky Mountains, between Kettle Falls and Spokan. Douglas.—Not having seen the fruit, it is still doubtful to me whether this be really a Villarsia, or perhaps a Menyanthes, as, in the dried germen it is indeed difficult to make out where the ovula are attached. . But from the calyx-leaves, as well as from a great analogy of structure with V. ovata, Vent., it will be more convenient to refer it to this genus. Tas. CLVII. B.—Fig. 1, Corolla laid open; jig. 2, Stamen; Jig. 3, Calyx and pistil; jig. 4, Germen laid open; fig. 5, ovules:—magnified. 10. LIMNANTHEMUM. Gmel. Placente suturales. Capsula evalvis, demum maceratione aperta.— Folia natantia. Petala fugitiva. 1. L. lacunosum (Vent. sub Villarsia); foliis supra asperiusculis subtus spongioso-asper- rimis, corolla alba glabra nuda, glandulis epipetalis breviter stipitatis, stylo' brevi crasso, calyce capsulam vix «equante, seminibus muricatis ecarinatis.— Menyanthes trachysperma. Mich. 1. p. 126? an hujus forma macrophylla ? Has. Norway House to Canada. Drummond, Dr. Richardson.— The germination of this plant is quite analogous to that of Trapa natans, so remarkable on that account, On the top of each branch there arise three groups of different organs—viz. on one side, a leaf; on the other, the umbel of flowers; and below, a great many thick, short, and simple radicles, each of which is able to produce a new plant: the latter organs are, in Trapa, analogous to those which De Candolle took for stipule, but which Roper has declared to be a sort of root—a theory which is fully proved by the present case. Orv. LX. POLEMONIACEZE. Juss. 1. POLEMONIUM. Z. Cal. 5-fidus, persistens, laciniis acutis. Cor. campanulata rotata, 5-partita, fundo clausa valvis 5 staminiferis, limbo plano, laciniis rotundatis. Filamenta basi dilatata. Capsula ovato-trigona, trivalvis. Semina plurima angulosa. 1. P. ceruleum; erectum, foliis pinnatis plurifoliolatis, floribus erectis.—L.—-«. vulgare; caule solitario elato, foliolis majoribus, floribus paniculato-racemosis speciosis. P.ceruleum. Auct.—ß. humile; caule solitario 2-3 unciali ad spithamzeam, foliolis minoribus, floribus co- rymbosis speciosis. P. caeruleum, nanum. Hook. Spitz. Pl. in Linn. Trans. v. 14.—P. humile. Willd. Herb, ex Hom. et Sch. p. 311. Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1304.— P. Richardsoni, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2800. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 128.—P. speciosum. Fisch. ms. in Herb. Nostr.—P. villosum, ez Don, in Sw. Br. Fl. Gard. t. 266.—P. lanatum. Fisch. in Herb. Nostr.—P. ceruleum, var. piliferum. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1303.— P. pul- chellum. Bunge, in Herb. Nostr. (e mont, Altaic).—P. caeruleum, forme 2, 3, 4, 5, et 6. Chamisso, in Herb. Nostr.—P. moschatum. Wormsk. in Herb. Nostr.—y. pulcherrimum ; caulibus aggregatis humilibus gracilibus, foliolis parvis, floribus corymbosis duplo triplove minoribus, laciniis subacutis. P. pulcherrimum. Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 29'19.— P. acuti- florum. Willd. Herb. er R. et. S. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 192. Haz. æ. Canada (Mr. Sheppard) to the bases of the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) and Arctic Coast. og POLEMONIACEZ. , [Phiow. Dr. Richardson.—f. and y. From lat. 66°. to the Arctic sea-coast, in deep sand, both in the north (Dr. Richardson),and in N.W. America, Kamstchatka, Ze, Menzies, Chamisso, Langsdorff, Lay, and Collie. —Few plants are more variable, and few more extensively distributed in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere, than the present; from Kamoon and Kolghur, in Northern India, to Spitzbergen and the Arctic sea-shores of Europe, Asia, and America. I have long hesitated whether or not I should consider the var. y. as distinct from the true eeruleum, but I fear it presents no valid points of difference. The species is met with of all sizes, in all states of hairiness, and with all sizes of the flower. In specimens from poor Douglas's last communications, are some from New Albion, which I would refer to var. y., but with the corolla shorter than the calyx! In another specimen from the same country, with the habit and flowers of pulcherrimum, the leaflets are as large as in the common state of P. ceruleum, and as acute, or nearly so, as those of Dr, Wallich’s specimens from India. 2. PHLOX. Z. Cal. 5-fidus, subcylindricus, persistens, laciniis angustis. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo cylindrico. Stam. inaequalia tubo inserta. Anther@ sagittate. Stigma trifidum. Cap- sula ovato-triangularis, trivalvis, loculis submonospermis. 1. P. maculata; tota glabra, caule erecto maculato, foliis lanceolatis superioribus ovatis longe acuminatis sessilibus margine scabriusculo, panicule oblonge ramis confer- tis abbreviatis, dentibus calycinis breviusculis erectis acutis, corolla laciniis rotundatis.— Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 127. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 149. Torrey, v. 1. p. 228.— P. paniculata. Ait. Has. Upper Canada? Mr. Sheppard.—The specimen from Mr. Sheppard is certainly the P. maculata of American authors, but I do not see how it is to be distinguished from P. paniculata of the Hort. Kew. 2. P. divaricata; decumbens, pubescens, ramis divaricatis laxis paucifloris, foliis ovato- lanceolatis supremis alternis, dentibus calycinis subulatis, corollze laciniis obcordatis,—Z,— Bot. Mag. t. 163.. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 144. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 150. Elliott, Carol. v. 1. p. 248. Torrey, p. 229. e Haz. Canada. Mrs. Percival. ` 3. P. speciosa; erecta ramosa frutescens, glabra, foliis linearibus acuminatis pungenti- bus basi dilatatis subciliatis margine callosis: supremis alternis, floribus corymbosis, sepalis acuminatis margine membranaceis tubo corollæ subæqualibus, laciniis corollæ cuneato- oblongis integris. Lindl.—Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 149. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1351.—£. caule foliisque pubescentibus.—P. humilis. Dougl. ms.—y. elatior ; caule foliisque glaberrimis.— P. Sabini. Dougl. ms. Ha», æ. N.W. America. Plains of the Columbia. Lewis, Dóuglas.—£. Subalpine range of the Rocky Mountains near perpetual snow, and on the Blue Mountains, N.W. Am.—y. Limestone Rocks of the Blue Mountains. Douglas.—In deference to the opinion of Professor Lindley, I retain this as a species; but I must confess it borders too closely on P, subulata, and that again I have elsewhere observed, ( Comp. to the Bot. Mag. v. 1. p. 172.) I am totally unable to distinguish from P. setacea, to which belongs P. ni- valis, Lodd and Sweet. Dr. Lindley has already noticed its affinity with our next species, P. Sibirica, L., which indeed is very close, and probably they might all.be safely considered as belonging to one and the same species. "The leaves in this latter, however, are more flaccid, the lower ones are constantly marces- cent, and the corymbs are fewer flowered. Phlox.) : POLEMONIACEE. 13 4. P. Sibirica; humilis perennis basi suffruticosa, foliis linearibus subflaccidis mucro- natis villosis, inferioribus marcescentibus, pedunculis subternis, calycis lanati laciniis subu- latis tubum corollee subzequantibus, corollee laciniis cuneatis integris vel emarginatis.—L.— Gmel. Sibir. 4. p. 81. t. 46..f.2. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 198. Haz. Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie.— These specimens, from Captain Beechey's Voyage, differ in no respect whatever from the numerous Siberian and Dahurian ones in my herbarium, and from others gathered by Redowski, probably also on the American side of Behring's Strait. Besides the differences alluded to under the preceding species, this is certainly less shrubby than P. speciosa and its more imme- diate allies. The old marcescent leaves are numerous, and peculiarly flaccid and waved. 5. P. Douglasii; humilis pubescens dense ceespitosa basi fruticosa lignosa, ramis nu- merosissimis erectis, foliis arctis subulatis rigidis erecto-patentibus mucronatis inferioribus marcescentibus strictis albidis, floribus terminalibus solitariis subsessilibus, calycis villosi laciniis subulatis rigidis mucronatis corolle tubo brevioribus, corolle laciniis obovatis obtusis. (Tas, CLVIII.)—8. foliis subsquarrosis. Has. N.W. America: common on the limestone range of the Blue Mountains, and on the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of snow. Douglas.—A most beautiful species, bearing copious and almost sessile blossoms, and intermediate in habit, as it were connecting the P. speciosa, subulata, &c. with the little P. Hoodii. Tas. CLVIIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaves:—magnified. 6. P. Hookeri; fruticosa, ramis alternis elongatis pubescentibus dense foliosis, foliis fas- ciculatis subulato-acicularibus rigidis pungentibus inferioribus marcescentibus albidis, flori- bus numerosis sessilibus terminalibus lateralibusque, calycis laciniis acicularibus corollae tubo gracili elongato brevioribus. (Tar. CLIX.)— P. Hookeri. Dougl.ms. apud Hort. Soc. Lond. Haz, Common on arid, sandy, and rocky soils near the narrows of the Oakangan and Priest's Rapid of the Columbia, * Flowers bright yellow!”—A very singular and most distinct species. Tas. CLIX,—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaves:—magnified. ". P. Hoodii; nana multicaulis densissime ceespitosa, foliis arcte imbricatis erectis ar- genteo-nitidis subulatis mucronatis rigidiusculis margine lanatis inferioribus marcescentibus albidis, floribus terminalibus sessilibus solitariis, calycis lanati laciniis lato-subulatis brevibus tubo corolle brevioribus, corolla laciniis obovatis integris.— Richards. in Frankl. Journ. App. ed. 2. p. 6. t. 98. Haz. Sandy plains, Carlton House Fort, and other places in lat. 54*. (Dr. Richardson) to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Eagle and Red Deer Hills on the Saskatchawan, abundant. Douglas, —“ This beautiful species is a striking ornament to the plains in the neighbourhood of Carlton House, forming large patches, which are conspicuous from a distance. The specific name is a small tribute to the memory of my lamented friend and companion, whose genius, had his life been spared, would have raised him to a conspicuous station in his profession, and rendered him an ornament to any science in which he might have chosen to direct his attention.” Richards, Lc. ` i Mr oot 8. P. Richardsoni; nana multicaulis densissime ceespitosa, foliis arcte imbricatis erecto- subincurvis carnosiusculis laxe lanatis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis cum mucrone marginibus VOL. II. : K 74 POLEMONIACEE. [Gilia. insigniter plicato-reflexis, inferioribus marcescentibus demum nigrescentibus, calycis lanati laciniis lato-subulatis mucronatis tubo corollee brevioribus, corollee laciniis rotundato-cune- atis integris. (Tas. CLX.) Haz. Arctic sea-coast, July, Aug., 1826. Dr. Richardson.—Flowers most abundant, and of a brilliant lilac colour. It must be allowed that Dr. Richardson, and Messrs. Drummond and Douglas, have been pre-eminently successful in discovering new and beautiful species of the Genus Phlox in N. America, especially if we take into account the P. Drummondii (from the southern extremity of that vast country), which is now the pride and ornament of our gardens. It is much to be lamented that these more hardy species from the north have not yet been introduced alive to our collections; for there is no doubt, from the rich variety in the colour of their blossoms, and the great quantity of flowers yielded by every little tuft, that they would be nearly, if not quite, as ornamental as P. Drummondii. Tas, CLX.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaves:—magnified. 8. GILIA. Cav. - Cal. campanulatus, 5-fidus, margine et sinubus membranaceis. Cor. infundibuliformis v. subcampanulata, limbo 5-partito, laciniis obovatis integris. Siam. ad faucem v. vix intra tubum inserta, Anthere ovato-subrotundee. Capsule loculi polyspermi. Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1622. 1. G. (Secr. Dactylophyllum) pharnaceoides; foliis oppositis basi membrana connatis profunde palmato-partitis laciniis setaceis, corollis calyce duplo longioribus. (Ta.CLXI.) Benth. l. c. Has, Sandy soils at Oakanagunca and Wallawallah, rather rare: flowers white, delicate. Douglas.— Mr. Douglas afterwards saw this curious species (and another of the same section) more abundantly in Cali- fornia. They and the G. pusilla have the habit of Arenaria, as observed by Mr. Bentham: perhaps still more that of Spergula. : : : Tas. CLXI.—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Leaves: —magnified. 2. G. (Sect. Ipomopsis) pulchella; caulibus strictis superne paniculatis, foliis carnosis arachnoideis pinnatifidis laciniis remotis linearibus planis acutis, corollis elongatis tubulosis limbi patenti-reflexi laciniis ovato-lanceolatis.— Dougl. ms.— Benth. l c.—Ipomopsis ele- gans. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1281. (excl. Syn. Sm. Mich. et. Pers.) . Haz. Banks of the Spokan River, N. W. America, particularly near its junction with the Columbia. Douglas.—A tall and very handsome plant, but which, we fear, is now lost to our gardens. Mr. Bentham has well distinguished it from the Gilia coronopifolia, Pers. (Ipomopsis elegans, Sm.) which is a native of the southern United States. 3. G. (Sect. Eugilia) inconspicua; caule gracili paniculato-ramoso calycibusque pubes- centi-glandulosis, foliis pinnatifidis inferioribus bipinnatifidis laciniis linearibus remotis, floribus subsolitariis, calyce corolle tubum equante, corolle laciniis ovatis.— Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2883. Benth. l. c. —G. parviflora. Spr.—Ipomopsis inconspicua. Sm Ec. Fl. t. 14,—Cantua parviflora. Ph. Am. v. 2. p. 130. Ha». Southern branches of the Columbia, growing under the shade-of Purshia tridentata, and various species of Artemisia. Douglas. — Ka Collomia.] POLEMONIACEA. 15 4. G. (Sect. Eugilia) capitata ; glabra, gracilis ramosa, foliis bi-tripinnatifidis segmentis linearibus acutis, floribus dense capitatis, calyce tubo corolle breviore, corollee laciniis lin- earibus.— Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2698. Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1170. Benth. l. c. Haz. N.W. America; Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, following the course of the Columbia. Fre- quent in potato fields about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. 5. G. (Sect. Eugilia) congesta; lanata subsimplex, foliis bipinnatifidis carnosis laciniis linearibus obtusis, floribus (albis) densissime capitatis capitulis racemosis, calycibus 5-den- tatis bracteisque dense lanatis.— Phacelia furcata. Dougl. ms. Haz. Sandy plains of the Columbia. Douglas.—A span high, with a rather stout stem, and singularly fleshy leaves. The whole, especially the very dense capitula, is very woolly. Corolla white, with a yel- low eye. Douglas. Germen obovato-trigonous. Stigma 3-fid. 4. NAVARETIA. R, et P.—JEcaocnroa. Benth. Cal. tubulosa-campanulatus, basi membranaceus, apice 5-fidus, laciniis insequalibus rigi- dis, integris multifidisve, spinosis. Cor. hypocrateriformis calycem subzequans, limbo 5- partito, laciniis oblongis integris. Stam, inter partem superiorem tubi inserta. Anther@ ovato-subrotunde. Caps. loculi polyspermi.—Herbee plerumque glutinose Jetide. Folia pinnatisecta, segmentis incisis acutissimis. Flores dense capitati, bracteis inciso-multifidis spinosis suffulti. Benth. l. c. l. N. intertexta; erecta ramosa, foliis glabris pinnatisectis, segmentis lineari-subulatis acutissimis incisis divaricatis subspinosis, calycis sublanati dentibus plerumque multifidis, corollis calyce subbrevioribus, staminibus exsertis. Benth. l, c. (sub ZEgochloa.) Haz. New Albion, N.W. America. Douglas. 2. N. pungens; viscoso-pubescens, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis integris incisisve, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus acutissimis spinosis, bracteis ciliato-hirtis basi dilatatis, dentibus caly- cinis lanceolatis subintegris, corollis exsertis, staminibus tubo inclusis. Benth. l. c. (sub ZEgochloa.) —Gilia pungens. Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2917. Has. Mountain Vallies near the sources of the Multnomack, a southern tributary of the Columbia, N.W. Am. Douglas. 5. COLLOMIA. Nutt. Cal. campanulatus 5-fidus v. sub-5-partitus, lobis lanceolatis linearibusve zequalibus in- tegris. Cor. hypocrateriformis, tubo tenui exserto, limbo patente 5-partito, laciniis ob- longis integris. Stam. versus medium tubi inserta. Anthere ovato-subrotunde. Caps. loculi 1-2 spermi.— Herba. Flores dense capitati, bracteis late ovatis integerrimis suffulti. Benth. l. c. : 1. C. heterophylla; pubescens, caule erecto ramoso, foliis inferioribus pinnatifidis incisis superne sensim magis integris, involucris omnino integris, capitulis paucifloris. Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2895. Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1347. Benth. l. c. Ha». Frequent on the subalpine hills of N.W. Am, and about Fort Vancouver. Douglas, Dr, Scouler. 76 CONVOLVULACEE. [Convolvulus. 2. C. grandiflora; foliis lato-lanceolatis nitidis inferioribus seepissime serratis glabris su- perioribus ramisque junioribus pubescentibus, capitulis viscosis, corollze limbo obliquo erec- tiusculo tubum subzquante.— Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1174. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2894. Benth. l. c. Haz. Columbia River, N.W. America, from the source in the Rocky Mountains to the mouth, Doug- las, Dr. Scouler. 3. C. linearis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis lato-lanceolatisve opacis plerumque glabris, ramis superioribus patentissimis pubescentibus, corolle limbo patente tubo gracilimo triplo breviore.— Nutt. Gen. v. 1. p. 126. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1166. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2893. Benth. l. c. Haz. From the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin and the Rocky Mountains. Dr. Richardson, Drum- mond, From Lake Winipeg, across the Rocky Mountains, to Menzies’ Island in the Columbia, thirty miles from the Pacific. Drummond, Douglas, Scouler. 4. C. gracilis; glanduloso-pubescens, caule valde ramoso, foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis inferioribus oppositis, calycis 5-partiti laciniis longe subulatis tubum corolle «equantibus. Dougl. ms.— Benth. l. c.—Gilia gracilis. Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 2924.—8. humilior; foliis in- ferioribus latioribus.—Collomia humilis and C. bellidifolia. Dougl. ms. Haz. N.W. America, Vallies of the Mountains near the Kettle Falls, and £. Fort Vancouver, and at ` the Multnomack. Douglas. On». LXI. DIAPENSIACEZE. Lindl. 1. DIAPENSIA. Z. Cal. 5-partitus, 3-bracteatus. Cor. 1-petala, regularis, stivatione imbricata. Stam. 5 qualia, filamentis dilatatis ad summum tubi corolle insertis, limbi laciniis alternis ; antheris 2-locularibus transversim dehiscentibus ecalcaratis. Stigma sessile. Capsula cartilaginea, 3-locularis, infra medium trivalvis, medio placentifera, dissepimentis e medio valvarum. Semina plurima minuta, areolata.— Suffrutices arctici, humiles, cespitosi, prostrati. Folia parva imbricata sempervirentia. : 1. D. Lapponica. L.—Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 231. Hook. in Parry's 2d. Voy. App..—D. obtusifolia. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 104. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 147. Haz. Labrador. Dr. Morison, Miss Brenton. Whale Island, Arctic America. Captain Sir E. Parry. Mouth of the Great Fish River. Capt. Back.— This does not appear to exist on the Pacific side of the Rocky Mountains, nor further to the west than the Great Fish River. The only station in the United States is the White Hills of New Hampshire, whence I have received it from Dr. Boott and Mr. Greene. Orv. LXII. CONVOLVULACEZ. Juss. 1. CONVOLVULUS. Jacq. Br. Cal. 5-partitus, nudus, v. bracteis 2 minoribus imbricatis. Corolla campanulata, 5- Cuscuta.) CONVOLVULACEÆ. 7 plicata. Stamina limbo breviora. Ovarium 2-loculare (raro 3-loculare?) loculis disper- mis. Stylus indivisus. ` Stigmata 2, filiformia. Capsula valvata.—Herbe (raro frutices) volubiles v. prostrate, sepius lactescentes. Br. 1. C. arvensis; caule angulato-striato, foliis sagittatis subauriculatis, pedunculis seepius unifloris apice bibracteatis, sepalis ovato-rotundatis, corolla alba aut rosea. Chois.—L.— Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 144. Torrey, v. 1. p. 224. Haz, Canada. Mrs. Percival, Lady Dalhousie. 2. C. panduratus; volubilis pubescens, foliis lato-cordatis integris lobatisve pandurifor- mibus, pedunculis longis, floribus fasciculatis, calycibus glabris muticis, corollis tubulato- campanulatis. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 138. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 144. Elliott, v. 1. p. 254. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 225. Haz. Canada. Pursh. 2. CALYSTEGIA. Br. Cal. 5-partitus, bracteis duabus foliaceis inclusus. Cor. campanulata, 5-plicata. Stam. subzequalia limbo breviora. Ovarium semibiloculare, 4-spermum. Stylus indivisus. Stig- mata 2 obtusa (teretia v. globosa). Capsula unilocularis.—Herbze lactescentes, glabra, volu- biles v. prostrate (extra tropicum provenientes). Pedunculi solitarii uniflori. Br. 1. C. sepium; foliis sagittatis acutissimis posticis obtusis truncatisve integris, bracteis acutis calyce longioribus dimidio corollae brevioribus, pedunculo angulato petiolum super- ante. Br.— Ph. v. 1. p. 142.— Convolvulus sepium. L.— Torrey, v. 1. p. 225.— C. repens. L.— Mich.— Ell. Has. Canada to the Saskatchawan, Pursh, Dr. Todd, Dr. Richardson; and to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Shores and Islands of the Columbia. Dr. Scouler, Dr. Gairdner. - 9. C.spithameus; pubescenti-tomentosa, caule erecto, foliis oblongo-ovatis basi cordatis, pedunculis unifloris folio longioribus, bracteis ovatis acutis, laciniis calycinis lanceolatis.— Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 143. Hook. Ex. Fl. v. 1. t. 97.—C. tomentosa. Ph. l. c.— Convolvulus spithameus. Z.— Elliott, v. 1. p. 251. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 225.—C. stans. Mz. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Mr. Cleghorn, Mrs. Percival, Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 3. CUSCUTA. Z. Cal. raro 4-fidus. Cor. globoso-urceolata, limbo 5-fido, marcescens. Ovarium 2-locu- lare, loculis dispermis. Caps. bilocularis, circumscissa. —Herbe aphylle, volubiles, para- sitice. Flores aggregati, subcapitati v. spicati, unibracteati. Squame 5, a infra filamenta, iisdemque opposite, raro deficientes. Br. 1. C. Americana? floribus pedicellatis globoso-campanulatis 5-fidis, els subulatis, corollze laciniis brevioribus infra basin squama fimbriata, stylis gracilibus exsertis.— L,?— Ph.?—Mich.?—Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 289.=C. arvensis. Beyrich, in Herb. Nostr. Has. N.W. America. Douglas.—This I believe to be the C. Americana of Dr. Torrey. The flowers though small, are larger than in our C. Epithymum, 78 HYDROPHYLLEA. ` [Hydrophyllum. 2. C. umbrosa; floribus sessilibus campanulatis 5-fidis, filamentis subulatis corollæ laci- niis longioribus infra basin squama fimbriata, stylis brevibus crassis inelusis.—C, umbrosa. Beyrich, in Herb. Nostr.—C. Europæa. Torrey, v. 1. p. 230?—C. Americana. Griswold, in Herb. Nostr. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Norway House Fort? Drummond. N.W. Coast of America. Doug- las.—The Cuscute, both of the old and the new world, are in a sadly confused state. The present species is probably frequently called by the American authors C. Americana, Of this, I am certain, that it is the C. umbrosa of Beyrich (whose name I therefore adopt), and the C. Americana of Dr. Griswold: but whether it is the Linnzan plant of that name, I have no means of ascertaining. Mr. Drummond's specimens are too imperfect for determination. The flowers of the present species are larger than either of our two Bri- tish ones. On». LXIII. HYDROPHYLLEJE.* Br. (Br, in Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holland. p. 492. Benth. in Linn. Trans. v. 17. p. 272.) 1. HYDROPHYLLUM. Z. Cal. 5-partitus persistens, Cor. campanulata 5-fida, intus striis 5 melliferis marginatis filamenta amplexantibus, Stam, exserta, medio barbata. Stig. bifidum. Caps. globosa, I-locularis, 1-sperma ; seminibus tribus abortivis. 1. H. virginicum; foliis pinnatifidis, laciniis ovali-lanceolatis inciso-serratis, fasciculis florum conglomeratis, pedunculis petiolo longioribus.— L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p.134. Ph. v. 1. p. 134. Bot. Reg. t. 331. Elliott, v. 1. p. 932. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 219. Haz. Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard, Dr. Holmes. N.W. Coast of America. Dr. Scouler, who observes that the roots are eaten by the Indians, 2. H. appendiculatum; foliis infimis pinnatisectis, caulinis palmato-lobatis, racemis lax- issimis, calycis hispidi sinubus reflexo-appendiculatis. (Benth. l.c. p. 273.)— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 134. Has. Canada. Cleghorn. [H.) 3. H. Canadense; foliis palmato-lobatis angulatisve, florum cymis laxis, calycibus glabris. (Benth. l. c. p.213.) L.— Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 133. Ph. v. 1. p. 134. Torrey, v. 1. p. 220. Haz. Canada. Pursh, 4. H. capitatum 3 foliis pinnatisectis, segmentis inciso-dentatis, laciniis calycinis lanceo- latis ciliato-hispidis. (Benth. 1. c. p. 213.) Dougl. ms. Has. Fort Vancouver. Douglas.— This is very different from the H. macrophyllum of Nuttall, of which I have noble specimens from Dr. Short.—[Z.] : * The characters, with remarks on the genera and species of this and the following order (Boraginee), have been kindly drawn up for this work by Dr. Lehmann. Ihave only added a few species which have since been received by me from British N. America, and made a few alterations suggested by Mr. Bentham's valuable paper on the first of these two orders, lately published in the Linnzan Transactions. Nemophila.] HYDROPHYLLEZ. "Up 2. EUTOCA. Br. Cal. 5-partitus, persistens. Cor. subcampanulata: membranule tubi decem, par paria . filamentis alternantes. Stam. exserta, Stylus bifidus. Caps. polysperma, unilocularis» bivalvis, valvis indivisis medio placentiferis. l. E. Franklinii ; foliis pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisve pilosis, laciniis lanceolatis integerri- mis dentatisve ciliatis, spicis racemosis in summo caule confertis, staminibus corolla sub- longioribus.— Br. in Richards. App. to Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. p. 51. t. 27. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2985. Has. From the Saskatchawan to the Bear Lake and English Rivers, Dr. Richardson ; and in burnt woods from the Grand Rapid to the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. 2. E. sericea; foliis pinnatifidis semibipinnatifidisque sericeis, laciniis lanceolatis integer- rimis, racemis in summo caule confertis, staminibus corolla duplo longioribus. Lehm.— Grah. in Bot. Mag. t: 3003. Benth, l. c. p. 218.—E. pulchella. Lehm. in Pugil. Pl. II. p. 18. Haz. Sandy debris of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 3. E. Menziesii; erecta foliis linearibus lanceolatisve integerrimis quandoque trifidis pinnatifidisve, placentis 20-multiovulatis, ( Benth.) Br. in Richards. App. to Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. p. 51. Benth. l. c. —E. multiflora. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1180. Lehm. l c. p. 19.— E. echioides et. E. glomerata. Dougl. ms. (fide Benth.)—E. congesta. Dougl. in Herb. Nostr.— Lehm. l. c. p. 18.— Hydrophyllum lineare? PA. (Br.) Haz. First discovered in California by Mr. Menzies (Herb. Nostr). Interior of the Columbia, N.W. Am. Douglas.—Dr. Lehmann, whom 1 was able to supply only with imperfect specimens of this species, was disposed to separate them into two: but I feel assured that Mr. Bentham has done correctly, in reduc- ing all the supposed species of Mr. Douglas to one, which is indeed very variable in the form of the leaves. [H.] 3. NEMOPHILA. Bart. Cal. persistens 10-partitus laciniis alternis minoribus reflexis. Cor. campanulata 5-loba. Nectarium, foveolee 10 ad marginem faucis. Stamina corolla breviora. Stylus bifidus. Caps. 1-locularis. 1. N. parviflora (Dougl.); foliis pinnatifidis lobis paucis latis subdentatis, calycis sinubus breviter appendiculatis, corollis calycem vix superantibus, placentis biovulatis. Benth. 4. c. p. 275. Haz. First found in California by Mr. Menzies. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas, hg not really distinct from the following, which Mr. Bentham thus characterizes ——“ JV. pedunculata; foliis pinnatifidis, calycis sinubus breviter appendiculatis, corollis calycem vix — placentis 6-ovul- atis.” [H] RE mbpinnatißdo-quingnelobis pilosis: lobis obtusis, pedunculis alaribus solitariis nutantibus. 80` ‘ HYDROPHYLLEE. [Phacelia. Caulis herbaceus, succulentus, procumbens ? retrorsum setoso-hispidus, dichotomo-ramosus, ramis di- varicatis. Folia opposita, petiolata, remota, pinnatifida, 5-loba, adpresse-pilosa, reticulato-venosa: lobis obovatis integerrimis vel grosse dentatis. Petioli foliis dimidio breviores, setosi. Pedunculi alares, soli- tarii, teretes, filiformes, retrorsum setoso-hispidi, subpolicares, nutantes. Calyx persistens 10-partitus: - laciniis setoso-ciliatis, alteris majoribus erectis, lanceolatis, acutis; alteris minoribus, linearibus, reflexis. Corolla minuta longitudine calycis, 5-loba: lobis integerrimis. Stamina p s breviora; filamenta tubo inserta glabra: antheris lanatis. Capsula magnitudine pisi, ovata, acuta, pubescens. Haz. Columbia River, N.W. America. Douglas. 4. PHACELIA. Mz. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. subcampanulata 5-fida basi intus 5-suleata. Stamina exserta. Stylus filiformis bipartitus. Caps. 4-sperma 2-valvis: valvula singula dissepimento di- midiata. 1. P. heterophylla ; erecta hispida, foliis inferioribus petiolatis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceo- latis integerrimis nervosis: impari elongata, superioribus simplicibus, racemis bifidis densi- floris, laciniis coroll: integerrimis. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 140. Nutt. Gen. v. 1. p. 117. Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veget. v. 4. p. 189. Haz. Banks and Islands of the Columbia, near the ocean. Dr. Scouler, Douglas.—Mr. Bentham unites this (and no doubt the following) with the P. circinata, Jacq. Fil. Ecl. 1. 135. t. 91; and adduces the fol- lowing synonyms :—Heliotropium pinnatum. Vahl. Hydrophyllum Magellanicum. Lam. H. aldea. R. and S. Aldea pinnata. R. and P. A, circinata. Willd. Phacelia Peruviana. Spr. P. Californica. Cham. P. rudis. Dougl. ms. 2. P. hastata (Dougl.); erecta tomentosa, foliis petiolatis lineatis acutis: radicalibus lin- eari-lanceolatis, caulinis lanceolatis elongatis basi utrinque auriculatis, racemis terminalibus corymbosis bifidis, laciniis corollze integerrimis. Caulis subpedalis, herbaceus, teres, erectus, simplex, tomentosus, basi rudimentis petiolorum tectus. Folia petiolata, supra tomentosa, tomentum pilis rigidis adpressis intermixtum, nervis impressis parallelo- lineata, subtus tomentosa, ad nervos protuberantes adpresse pilosa; radicalia lineari-lanceolata in petiolum elongata, acuta, integerrima; caulina elongato-lanceolata, basi auriculata, ita quidem ut fere hastata ap- pareant. Petioli canaliculati, hispidi, foliorum inferiorum circiter pollicares, versus apicem caulis sensim breviores. Flores in racemis terminalibus corymbosis dispositi: Racemi bifidi, secundi, imbricati, multi- flori, ante anthesin revoluti. Pedunculi ac pedicelli ealyce dimidio breviores hispidi. Calyx 5-partitus : laciniis linearibus obtusis, hispido-ciliatis, 3-nervibus. Corolla campanulata, (pallide rosea?) calycem su- perans, venis saturatioribus picta, laciniis integerrimis. Filamenta corolla duplo longiora in medio pilosa: antheris ovatis incumbentibus. Ovarium hispidum. Stylus ad medium usque bifidus, glaber, longitudine staminum: stigmatibus simplicibus. Has. Barren sandy plains of the Columbia, and on the Blue Mountains; N.W. America. Douglas. 3. P. ramosissima (Dougl.); erecta hispido-glandulosa, foliis petiolatis imparipinnatis, foliolis oblongis pinnatifido-incisis, spicis terminalibus circinatis globosis. Caulis herbaceus, erectus, teres, fistulosus, hispidus, pilis glanduliferis. Folia alterna, petiolata, im- paripinnata: pinnis superioribus confluentibus. Foliola oblonga, obtusissima, pinnatifido-incisa, hispidius- cula, pilis glanduliferis, Spice in summo caule ramisque, circinatz, subglobosc, floribus confertissimis. Calyz sessilis, profunde 5-partitus: laciniis obovato-lanceolatis, acutis, 3-nervibus, pilis mollibus glanduli- Myosotis.) BORAGINEZ. : 81 feris ciliatis. Corolla calyce duplo longior, glabra, venosa : laciniis rotundatis integerrimis; genitalia corolla duplo longiora, cum germine, glabra. Has. Dry rocky plains of the Columbia, near the Priest's Rapid, *and at the Stony Islands," N.W. America. Douglas. "8 Orv. LXIV. BORAGINEZE.* Juss. 1, HELIOTROPIUM. Z. Cor. EE, fauce pervia (in nonnullis barbata); Limbi laciniis plicatura simplex vel dente instructa interjecta. Stigma subconicum. Nuces 4, uniloculares, co- heerentes, basi clausee. Receptaculum commune manifestum nullum. 1. H. Curassavicum; caule herbaceo, foliis suboppositis lanceolatis obtusissimis obsolete venosis glabris glaucis, spicis conjugatis solitariisve.—L.— Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 34. Nutt. Gen. v. 1. p. 112. Elliott, v. 1. p. 145. Haz. Vallies of the Blue Mountains (far removed from the sea) Mr. Douglas found it there only. —[In one of my specimens from Mr. Douglas’s last journey, the leaves are nearly an inch broad, and the spikes quaternate and quinate: in all, the leaves are much rn than in any specimens 1 have ever seen of H, Curassavicum.] (Hook.) ; i 2. MYOSOTIS, L. ; 2 Cor. hypocrateriformis: fauce squamis brevibus instructa. Zimbus 5-partitus obtusus. Stamina inclusa. Nuces 4, uniloculares, fundo calycis affixæ, basi perforate. a. nucibus levibus glabris. 1. M. alpestris; foliis lanceolatis acutiusculis obsolete trinerviis hirsutis, racemis ebrac- teatis, pedicellis in fructu patentibus calyce 5-fido clauso paullo longioribus, limbo explan- ato tubo longiore.—Schmidt, Bohem. Cent. 3. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 86.—M. lithospermi- folia. Horn. H. Hafn. v. 1. p. 173.—M. suaveolens. Waldst. et Kit.—M. rupicola. Engl. Bot. t. 2559. Haz. Common in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. . Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Richardson.— The American plant corresponds exactly with the European one, and varies also with blue and white flowers. 2. M. palustris; calyce satis rectis appressis fructifero campanulato patente pedicellis divergentibus breviora, corolle limbo plano tubum excedente, pube caulis patente (vel nullo),—var. micrantha; caulis pube appressa.—M. lingulata. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 110. inter species in quas inquirendum esset. —M. cespitosa. Schultz. Flor. Starg. Suppl. p. 11. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 557. (excl. synon.) Haz, Canada. Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard. Newfoundland. Dr. Morrison, Mr. SE This plant, though in my opinion only a variety, is, however, as such, a very distinct one. : 3. M. versicolor ; foliis lanceolatis obtusiusculis hirsutis, racemis ebracteatis, pedicellis in fructu erecto-patentibus calyce 5-fido acuto clauso brevioribus, limbo patente tubo breviore, uc PUT TM v. we 156. Engl. Bot. t. 480. _Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 93. * By Professor Lehmann, VOL. Il. L 82 BORAGINEE. [Myosotis. Has. N.W. Coast. Douglas. —(There are specimens in the collection of this, or a closely allied species, a foot in height, with the young spikes densely capitate, the flowers twice or thrice larger than the usual appearance of M. versicolor, and with the hairs of the spikes yellowish,—H.) 4. M. flaccida (Dougl.); caule erecto ramoso, foliis linearibus calloso-strigosis, spicis ebracteatis bifidis, calycibus 5-partitis in fructu arcte adpressis clausis basi apiceque hispi- dissimis. 1 Planta annua, Caulis erectus, 1-1} pedalis, teres, adpresso-pilosus, ramosus, ramis erecto-patentibus, in spicam bifidam desinentibus. Folia sessilia, linearia, (1-13 poll. longa 14 lin. lata,) acutiuscula, integer- rima, calloso-strigosa, uninervia, patentia, Spice caulem et ramos terminantes, ebracteatee, multiflore, ante anthesin revolute, dein elongate, flaccidæ. Flores subsecundi, sessiles, crescente fructu, distantes. Calyces 5-partiti: laciniis linearibus obtusis basi apiceque hispidissimis, floriferi erecti, fructiferi clausi, rha- chim arcte adpressi. Corolla (ut videtur) flava, glabra. Tubus longitudine calycis. Limbus brevis, pla- nus, laciniis integerrimis. Nuces 4, ovate, acuminato-rostellatz, glaberrime, fusco-nitide. Has. N.W. Coast, in dry plains, Douglas. B. nucibus rugosis. 5. M. glomerata ; caule erecto foliisque spathulato-linearibus hispidis, spicis solitariis axil- laribus subpedunculatis bracteatis glomeratis, floribus confertis, calycibus hispidissimis, nu- cibus dorso rugosis. (Tas. CLXII.)—Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 112.—Cynoglossum glo- meratum. Zras.—JPursh, Am. v. 2. p. 129. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 116. Haz. Barren sands of the Columbia, near Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas. About Carlton House Fort. Dr. Richardson.—One of the most beautiful species, with white flowers of the size of those of An- chusa officinalis. All the spikes are not, as said in Nuttall’s description, bifid, but (according to my specimens) only the superior ones; the inferior ones are simple. Inthe description now referred to, the bractes of the spikes are not mentioned, which are linear, hispid (hispidissimse); the inferior ones of the length of the calyx. The inflorescence is rather a spica terminalis composita e spieulis alternis ap- proximatis simplicibus bifidisque, than what is called spice axillares, which becomes more evident since the leaf at the base of the spikelets (quite of the same structure as the stem-leaves) is not affixed to the stem, but at the branch of the spike. Tas. CLXIL— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Pistil; fig. 3, Fruit; fig. 4, Single achenium, anterior view: magnified. 6. M. leucophea (Dougl.); caule erecto, foliis lanceolato-linearibus supra sericeis subtus strigosis, spicis in summo caule congestis paucifloris, calycibus hispidissimis, nucibus....... (Tas. CLXIII.) Planta pulcherrima. Radiz perennis. Caulis erectus, subpedalis, angulatus, inferne pilis adpressis, superne pilis patentibus tomentoso-hispidus. Folia ilia, alterna, 1 lato-li a, acuta, integerrima, supra sericea, subtus strigosa, trinervia, nervis lateralibus ‘submarginalibus heres: Spice plures in apice caulis axillisque foliorum superiorum densissime congeste, hispidissimze, pauciflore. Calyz 5- partitus, 4 lineas longus: laciniis linearibus obtusis uninerviis intus apice tomentosis. Corolla magna, alba. Tubus calyce paullo longior, glaber. Limbus 5-partitus, planus, laciniis obovato-subrotundis. Anthere supra medium tubi adnate. [Vuces 4, suborbiculatze, ovatze, acute, glabrze, leeyes, dorso plang, marginibus subalatis. Semen ovatum, obtusum.— Hoo£.] Haz. Arid barrens of the Columbia, and of its northern and southern tributaries. Douglas. Echinospermum.] BORAGINEZ. 83 Ta». CXLIIL—Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Calyx with the pistil; ig. 3, Corolla laid open; jig. 4, Pistil; fig. 5, Fruit; fig. 6, Single acheniam; fig. 7, the same cut open showing the seed: —magnified. 7. M. fulva; hispida, caule erecto, foliis oblongo-linearibus obtusis v. acuminatis calloso- strigosis, racemis demum valde elongatis, calycibus pilis flavis hispidissimis 5-partitis ses- silibus fructiferis ampliatis laciniis erectis, nucibus 2 (alteris abortientibus) reniformi-ovatis rugosis nigris.— Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beechey's Voy. v. 1. p. 38. Has. Dry prairies of the Columbia. Mr. Tolmie.— These specimens entirely agree with the originai ones from Chili. The species is indeed very distinct and well-marked, remarkable for the large size of the calyx, especially when in fruit. ( Hook.) 8. M. Chorisiana; caulibus filiformibus adscendentibus subramosis, folus sessilibus an- gusto-linearibus calloso-strigosis, racemis terminalibus secundis, calycibus hispidis in fructu erectis apice barbatis, nucibus verrucosis rugosis.— Cham. in Lin. v. 4. p. 444. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 152. Caules ex eadem radice plures, adscendentes, ramosi, subpalmares, incumbenti-pilosi. Folia sessilia, angusto-linearia, acutiuscula, utrinque strigosa, 3-nervia, nervis lateralibus obscuris. Aacemi multiflori, in summo caule ramisque secundi, ebracteati, floribus infimis axillaribus. Calyces brevi-pedicellati, erecti, 5- partiti: laciniis lanceolato-linearibus, hispidis, apice fulvo-barbatis. Pedicelli sub calyce incrassati. Co- rolla parva, flava. Tubus calycem subsuperans: Limbi lacinise rotundate, integerrime. Nuces rugose, verrucose. Haz. Columbia. Dr. Scouler,—This was found in California by the officers of Captain Beechey’s Voyage. ( Hook.) , 3. ECHINOSPERMUM. Lehm. Cor. hypocrateriformis: fauce squamis brevibus instructa. Zimbus 5-partitus, obtusus, patulus. Nuces 4, uniloculares, echinatze, column centrali affixee, basi imperforatee. a. fructibus nutantibus vel deflexis. 1. E. Pirginicum; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis nervoso-venosis, supra scabris subtus pubescentibus, racemis divaricatis bracteolatis, nucibus aculeis glochidiatis dense asperis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 117,—Rochelia Virginiana. Rem. et Schult. v. 4. p. 108. Torr. Am. v. l. p. 208.— Myosotis Virginica. Lin. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 189, Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 134. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 112. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond. 2. E. diffusum; caule foliisque birsutis: radicalibus petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis, cau- linis superioribus ovatis obtusis sessilibus, racemis erectis simplicibus bracteatis, nucibus aculeis glochidiatis undique adspersis—-Lehm. Pugil. I. p. 23.—-Myosotis diffusa, Dougl. ms. ; Caulis subpedalis, erectus, teres, hirsutus, apice in ramulis racemiferis divisus. Folia integerrima, - utrinque hirsuta, sub 3-nervia: nervo medio subtus protuberante: radicalia longe petiolata, oblongo-lanceo- lata, obtusiuseula; caulina sparsa conferta, inferiora radicalibus simillima sed minora et brevius petiolata; superiora sessilia, ovata, obtusa, Racemi simplices, hirsuti, erecti, bracteati, Bractee inferiores ovato- lanceolatze, longitudine pedicellorum, superiores lineares breviores. Pedicelli subsecundi, 3 lin. longi, hir- 84 BORAGINEJE. [ Cynoglossum. suti, floriferi erecti, in fructu nutantes. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis oblongo-linearibus, obtusissimis, hirsutis, patentibus. Corolla alba? magna: tubus calyce paullo longior sensim ampliatus, fauce subelausa, fornici- bus papillosis, Zimbus 5-lobus: lobis obovatis, rotundatis, venosis, tubo duplo longioribus. Filamenta in- clusa brevissima: antheris ovatis. Nuces 4, aculeis glochidiatis undique adspersis. Has. N.W. America. Douglas. 3. E. floribundum ; foliis subsessilibus lineari-lanceolatis acutatis subciliatis utrinque pu- bescentibus, radicalibus lanceolatis petiolatis, racemis bifidis bracteolatis, nucibus glabrius- culis aculeis glochidiatis serie simplici margine dispositis. (Tas. CLXIV.)— Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 24. Caulis herbaceus, 14-2-pedalis, strictus, teres, fistulosus, pilis adpressis subhirsutus. Folia integerrima, utrinque pubescentia subciliata: radicalia lanceolata, acuta, in petiolum longitudine folii attenuata; caulina sparsa, approximata, lineari-lanceolata longe acuminata, infima in petiolum decurrentia, reliqua sessilia. Racemi axillares, pedunculati, in summo caule paniculati, bifidi, bracteolati, multiflori. Pedicelli pilosi; Jloriferi longitudine calycis erecti; in fructu calyce duplo longiores refracti. Bractee lanceolate, minute. Calyz 5-partitus, hirsutus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis obtusis. Corolla cerulea, magnitudine florum Myos. palustr. Tubus longitudine calycis. Limbus planus: laciniis rotundatis. Anthere ovate, basi bifide, in tubo subsessiles. Pistillum tubo brevior: stigmate capitato. Nuces 4, ovate, acute, glabriuscule, aculeis subulatis apice glochidiatis versus marginem simplici serie dispositis. Haz. Lake Pentanguishene to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Tas. CLXIV.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Pistil; fig. 3, Fruit; fig. 4, Single acheninm :—magnified. 4. E. deflexum ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis hirsutis, racemis erecto-patenti- bus inferne bracteolatis, nucibus aculeis basi connatis apice glochidiatis serie simplici mar- gine dispositis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 120.— Rochelia deflexa. Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4, p. 109.— Myosotis deflexa. Wahl. Act. Holm. 1810. p. 113. t. 4. Flor. Dan. t. 1568. Has. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. B. fructibus erectis. 5. E. Lappula; caule superne ramoso, foliis lanceolatis incumbenti-pilosis ciliatis, -— parva, limbo erecto patente, nucibus aculeis glochidiatis serie duplici margine dispositis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 121.—Rochelia Lappula. Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 109. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 208.—Myosotis Lappula. L. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 189. Flor. Dan. t. 692. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 134. Nutt. Am. v. 1. p. 112. Rich. App. p. 5. Has. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. N.W. America, Douglas. 6. E. patulum; ramis patulis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis patulo-pilosis, nucibus aculeis distantibus elongatis glochidiatis serie simplici margine dispositis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 1 p. 124. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 566. (excl. syn. Myos. Redowskii).— Myosotis squarrosa. Bieberst. Fl. Taur. Cauc. v. 1. p. 190. (excl. syn. Retzii.) Willd. Enum. Plant. v. 1. p. 176. Has. Cumberland House to Bear Lake, Dr. Richardson. 4. CYNOGLOSSUM. Z. Cor. infundibuliformis fauce fornicibus erectis instructa. Nuces 4, uniloculares, com- pressie, echinatee vel c ad membrana plana circumdate, columns centrali pela basi : imperforate. ^ ^" Cynoglossum.] BORAGINEZ. 85 a. nucibus depressis, exteriore latere aculeis plerumque glochidiatis tectis. . C. ciliatum (Dougl.); caule erecto simplici hirsuto, foliis linearibus acutis elongatis trinerviis tomentoso-hirsutis ciliatis, racemis terminalibus bracteatis secundis, staminibus inclusis. Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 24. Caulis erectus, 1 3-pedalis, teres, simplicissimus, canescens, hirsutus: pilis retrorsis, in summo caule paten- tibus. Folia distantia, sessilia, linearia, acuta, incana, tomentoso-hirsuta, ciliata, 3-nervia; inferiora 4 poll. longa, 2 lin. lata, suprema pollicaria. Racemi terminales, subcorymbosi, villosi, secundi, bracteolati, ante anthesin revoluti. Bractee lineares, longitudine pedicellorum. ` Ca/yz 5-partitus: laciniis lanceolatis ob- tusis, villosis. Corolla ceerulea, calyce dimidio longior. Tubus brevissimus : Limbus 5-fidus: laciniis ob- longis rotundatis, tubo duplo longioribus. Fornices 5 erecti, connivientes. Filamenta tubo inserta, brevis- sima: antheris elliptico-oblongis usque ad faucem porrectis. Stylus crassus brevis, stigmate capitato. Nuestro: Has. Dry banks of the mountain streams, Little falls of the Columbia, and upwards to the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. 2. C. officinale; caule erecto folioso, foliis inferioribus late lanceolatis basi attenuatis su- perioribus basi latioribus acutis pubescenti-tomentosis, racemis ebracteatis durante flores- centia paniculatis, staminibus inclusis. — Z. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 192. Engl. Bot. t. 921, Flor. Dan. t. 1147. Bigel. Bost. p. 41. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 133. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 152. Rom. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 14. Torr. Fl. v. l. p. 208. Haz. Canada to the Saskatehawan. Mrs. Percival, Lady Dalhousie, Dr. Richardson. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. E *3. C. Virginicum ; caule erecto, foliis ovato-oblongis acutis superioribus basi cordatis am- plexicaulibus hirsutissimis, racemis brevibus corymbosis ebracteatis, staminibus inclusis.—L. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 193. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 156. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 208.— C. amplexicaule. Mich. Fl. v. 1. p. 132. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 133. Has. Canada and Lake Huron, (Mrs. Percival, Dr. Todd), to the Rocky Mountains (rare). Drummond. 4. C. grande (Dougl.); caule erecto glabro superne nudo, foliis petiolatis subtus pilosis: inferioribus maximis cordato-ovatis undulatis, superioribus oblongo-lanceolatis, racemis ebracteatis glabris pedunculatis paucifloris, calyce villoso.— Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 25.—C. officinale. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 152. (nec alior). Caulis herbaceus, sub-2-pedalis, erectus, angulatus, fistulosus, laxus, glaber, basi foliosus apice nudus. Folia infima cordato-ovata, acuta, undulata, ciliata, venosa, supra viridia pilis raris adpressis obsita, subtus pallidiora adpresse pilosa, 9 poll. longa. 4 lin. lata, superiora e basi cordato in petiolum producta, acuta, ` undulata, ciliata, 8 poll. longa, 2-3 lin, lata, suprema sensim minora, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, plana. ` Petioli glabri, ciliati, Racemi pauciflori, pedunculati, in caule paniculam laxam constituentes. Pedunculi glabri, nudi, 14-2} poll. longi. Pedicelli 2-4 lineas longi, glabri, apice pilosi. Calyz 5-fidus, densissime villosus: laciniis elliptico-lanceolatis, obtusis. Corolla cærulea, calyce duplo longior, major quam in C. officinale. Filamenta brevissima, supra. medium tubi inserta, antheris ellipticis faucem attingentibus. Stylus longitudine tubi, stigmate capitato. — — Has. Shady woods, N.W. Coast, doin. Mr. T'olmie, Dr. Gairdner.—A truly distinct species, found also in California by the officers of Captain Beechey's Voyage. 86 BORAGINEE. [Lithospermum. 5. OMPHALODES. Juss. Cor. rotata: fauce fornicibus brevibus clausa. Limbus 5-partitus, obtusus. Nuces 4, uniloculares, depress®, margine membrana inflexa, calathiformes, columni centrali affixe, basi imperforatze. l. O. linifolia; foliis radicalibus cuneiformibus, caulinis lineari-lanceolatis glabris mar- gine denticulato-ciliatis, racemis ebracteatis.—Mench, Method. p. 419. Lehm. Asper. v. 1. p. 187.—Cynoglossum linifolium. L.—Moris. Hist. 3. Sect. 11. t. 30. f. 11. Barrel. Icon. 1234.—Ricotia linifolia. Ram. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 86. Haz. Sent by Dr. Morison from Labrador. An re vera in America boreali indigena ?—[Probably cul- tivated; yet it is singular that a tender annual of Spain and Portugal should come to perfection and bear seed, as the specimen shows, in so northern a region as Labrador. Hook.) 6. LITHOSPERMUM. Z. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. infundibuliformis: fauce pervia, nuda. Anthere oblong® incluse. Nuces 4, uniloculares, ovatee, fundo calycis affixze, basi imperforate. Sectio I. Floribus subpaniculatis. Nucibus levibus vel rugosis. Foliis radicalibus post Jlorescentiam excrescentibus. (PULMONARI&.) l. L. maritimum; caulibus procumbentibus ramosis, foliis ovatis obtusiusculis carnosis glabris glaucescentibus, calycibus glabris.—Lehm. Asper. v. 9. p. 291. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 202.— Pulmonaria maritima. L. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 195. Engl. Bot. t. 368.—Pulmonaria par- ` viflora. Mich. Fl. v. 1. p. 131. Pursh. Fl. v. 1. p. 131. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival. Newfoundland and Labrador, (Miss Brenton, Dr. Morison), through- out the Arctic sea-shores (Dr. Richardson, Captain Sir E. Parry, &c.) to Behring's Strait, (Lay and Collie, Chamisso, &c.), and the N.W. Coast, Menzies. 2. L. marginatum; caule glabro erecto, foliis radicalibus petiolatis obovato-oblongis, caulinis oblongo-spathulatis acutis semiamplexicaulibus margine hispidis, calycibus gla- bris laciniis acuminatis margine hispidis.—Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 547.—Pulmonaria marginata. Nutt. dm. v. 1. p. 115.—Pulmonaria lanceolata. Pursh, Am. v. 2. p. 129. Haz. Elevated banks of the Columbia (common). Douglas. 3. L. Drummondii (Lehm.); caule glabro ascendente, foliis radicalibus ovato-lanceolatis caulinis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis callosis subdenticulatis glaucis, paniculis terminalibus congestis, calycibus glabris laciniis acutiusculis subdenticulatis.— Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 26. Caules plures ex eadem radice, adscendentes, glaberrimi, teretes, semipedales. Folia radicalia, ovato- lanceolata; caulina oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, subdenticulata, glauca, superne calloso-punetata, 3-ner- via. Flores paniculati, in caule congesti. Pedunculi foliis multo: breviores, 2-3 lin. longi, 8-5- ` fori, Pedicelli calycibus breviores, glaberrimi, suberecti. Calyx glaber, 5-partitus: laciniis lanceolatis acutiusculis, margine subdenticulatis. Corolla calyce subtriplo longior, fere semipollicaris, cyanea. Tubus cylindricus calyce duplo longior, intus glaber, fauce notata protuberantiis quinque. Limbus campanulatus, longitudine tubi, 5-fidus, laciniis integerrimis, rotundatis. Filamenta summo tubo inserta, brevissima, plana, membranacea : antheris linearibus, Stylus stamina sequans, linearis, compressus: stigmate capitato. Haz. Arctic sea-shore. Dr. Bilbandten blo me this seems to have too close an affinity HE Vir- ginicum.] Hook, z3 ^ Lithospermum.] BORAGINEE. 87 4. L, denticulatum; caule erecto, foliis nervosis subglabris acutis margine denticulato- scabris, radicalibus ovatis, caulinis oblongis, laciniis calycis oblongis margine denticulatis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 294. Torr. Fl. v. 1. p. 203.—Pulmonaria Sibirica. Pursh, v. 2. p. 729. (excl. syn.)—P. denticulata, Rom. et Schult. Syst.Veg. v. 4. p. 146. Has. Canada. Pursh. Shady woods near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas, Mr. Tolmie. 5. L. paniculatum; caule erecto, foliis nervosis scabriusculis acuminatis, inferioribus ovato-cordatis, superioribus ovato-oblongis, floribus paniculatis, calycibus piloso-hispidis.— Lehm. Asper. v. 9. p. 289. Rich. App. p. 5.—Pulmonaria paniculata. Ait. Kew. ed. 1. v. 1 p. 181. Pursh. Am. v. 1. p. 131. Nutt. Am. v. 1. p. 115. Has. Saskatchawan to Hudson's Bay and Bear Lake. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Blue Mountains, N.W. Coast. Douglas. 6. L. corymbosum (Lehm.); caule erecto piloso, foliis ovatis acutis in petiolum attenuatis glabriusculis margine et subtus pilosis, floribus racemosc-corymbosis, laciniis calycis lanceo- lato-linearibus elongatis acutis.—Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 27.—Pulmonaria pilosa. Cham. in Linnea.—Lithosp. denticulatum. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 128. Caules ex eadem radice plures, erecti, simplices, subpedales, fistulosi, pilosi. Folia radicalia late-ovata longe petiolata; caulina alterna, ovata, acuta, in petiolum attenuata, integerrima, venosa, supra glabrius- cula, subtus et margine pilosa, suprema sessilia. Petiolus planus, pilosus, basi caulem subamplectens. Flores terminales in racemis corymbosis 5-8-floris dispositi, Ztacemi simplices vel bifidi, corymbosi, hirsuti, basi bractea lanceolata, acuminata, hirsuta instructi. Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis lanceolato-linearibus, acutis, hirsutis, longitudine tubo corolle. Corolla infundibuliformis, czrulea, semipollicaris. Tubus limbo sub- brevior, intus pilosus. Limbus 5-lobus: lobis rotundatis. Filamenta brevissima, membranacea, fauci in- serta: antheris linearibus. Stylus subulatus, basi compressus, longitudine corolla: stigmate capitulato. Has. Fort-William to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Hudson's Bay. Douglas. Kotzebue's Sound. Lay and Collie. TOUS Sectio II. Floribus subsolitariis luteis, corolla intus ad basin annulo barbato cincta. (Batscu12.) Y. L. incisum; caule herbaceo simplici erecto, foliis linearibus revolutis sericeo-villosis, ` corollae tubo longissimo, limbi laciniis fimbriatis. (Tas. CLXV.)— Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 303. Rich. App. p. 5.— L. longiflorum. Spr. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 544.— Batschia longiflora. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 132. Nutt. Am. v. 1. p. 114. Caulis erectus, subpedalis, strigosus. Folia alterna, sessilia, linearia, margine revoluta, utrinque seri- ceo-villosa, bipollices longa. Flores in axillis foliorum superiorum subsessiles, Calyx hirsutus, 5-partitus: laciniis linearibus, acuminatis, 3 lineas longis. Corolla flava. Tubus angustus, subpentagonus, superne ampliatus, pollicem superans, fauce instructa protuberantiis 5 planis, rotundatis. Zimbus 5-lobus, laciniis fimbriatis. Es . Haz. Banks of the Saskatchawan to lat. 55°. Dr. Richardson, Drummond; and Eagle and Red Rivers: also in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Athabasca. Douylas.—[This species has a most extensive range. I possess specimens gathered by Bradbury on the Missouri, and at Galveston Bay, by Drummond (n. 304 of his 3d Texas collection.) —H. ] Taz. CLXV.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Pistil:magnified. 88 BORAGINEZ. [Lithospermum. 8. L.Mandanense; caule decumbente hirsuto, foliis lanceolato-linearibus sericeo-strigosis margine revolutis, floribus pedicellatis, corollae limbo fimbriato-crenato. (Tas. CLXVI.)— Spr. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 544.— Batschia decumbens. Nutt. Am. v. 1. p. 14. Affinis precedenti, differt foliis latioribus, floribus dimidio brevioribus et habitu omnino diversa.— Radix lignosa multiceps. Caules decumbentes, hirsuti, 4—6 pollicares, superne in ramis floriferis dicho- tomo-vel trichotomo-divisi. Folia lanceolato-linearia, obtusissima, margine revoluta, sericeo-strigosa, 5-9 lineas longa, suprema longiora et latiora. Flores breviter pedicellati in axillis foliorum superiorum. Calyz 5-partitus :laciniis linearibus, acutis. Corolla semipollicaris: Zimbus planus, laciniis fimbriato-crenulatis. Stamina summo tubo inserta. Stylus longitudine tubi: stigmate bilobo. Has. Mountains and Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Tas. CLXVL— Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Pistil:—magnified. 9. L. hirtum; caule herbaceo erecto simplici hirto, foliis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis, flo- ralibus ovato-lanceolatis rotundato-obtusis utrinque hirtis, corollee tubo calycem subzequante, limbo integerrimo.—Lehm. Asper. v. 9. p. 304. Torr. Am. v. 1. p. 204. Spr. Syst. Veg. v. l. p. 544.— Anchusa hirta. MüAlenb. Cat. Plant. Am. Sept. p. 19.—Batschia Gmelini. Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 130. Pursh. Am. v. 1. p. 132.—B. Carolinensis. Gmel. Syst. Nat. v. 2 p. 315.—B. Caroliniana. Ram. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 52. Haz. Upper Canada. Goldie. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—This species is also found as far South as Galveston Bay, Texas. (No. 310 of Mr. Drummond's 3d collection.) 10. L. canescens; caule herbaceo erecto subsimplice villoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis emarginatis utrinque adpresse villosiusculis, junioribus candicantibus demum sca- briusculis, coroll tubo calyce duplo longiore, limbo integerrimo.— Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 305. Torr. Am. v. l. p. 203. (excl. syn. Anchuse virg.)—Anchusa canescens. Mühl. Cat. Plant. Am. Sept. p. 19.—Batschia canescens. Mich. Am. v. l. p. 130, £. 14. Pursh, Am. v. 1. p. 132.—B. conspicua. Rich. App. ed. 1. p. 49. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Douglas. 11. L. sericeum; caule basi suffruticoso erecto trichotomo-ramoso superne villoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis supra sericeis subtus subvilloso-canescentibus, coróllee tubo ca- lyce duplo longiore, limbo integerrimo.— Lehm. Asper. v. 2. p. 306.—Lithospermum Vir- ginianum. Moris. Hist. 8. Sect. 11. t. 28. f. 4.— Anchusa Virginica. L. Sp. Pl. v. p. 191. —Batschia sericea. Rem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 4. p. 743. Affinis precedenti, differt caule apice trichotomo-diviso, foliis integerrimis (nec emarginatis) majoribus magis sericeis, corollis duplo fere majoribus, Has. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson, Drummond, Douglas. E Sectio 111. Corolla fauce nuda, foliis radicalibus post florescentiam non excrescentibus. (LITHOSPERMÆ vere.) . 12. L. officinale; caule erecto ramis numerosis, foliis lanceolatis acutis nervosis scabris subtus oppresse hirsutis, corollæ tubo longitudine calycibus nucibus brevissimis impunctatis. L.—Lelum. Aspenf. p. 313. (excl. syn.)—L, latifolia. Muhl. Cert.. p. 18. Torrey, Fl. p. 202, de Echium,} BORAGINEE. 89 Has. Falls of Niagara. Mr. Greene. Quebec. Mrs. Sheppard.—(I quite agree with my friend Dr. Torrey, that Z. latifolium of American authors is a very distinct species, and exclusively a more southern plant.)— Hook. 13. L. ruderale (Dougl.); caule herbaceo stricto hirsuto, foliis linearibus acuminatis strigosis, spicis foliosis, corollis villosis, tubo longitudine calycis. Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 28. Caulis herbaceus, strictus, angulatus, suleatus, simplex, apice ramosus, 1-13-pedalis, hirsutus. Folia sparsa, conferta, sessilia, acuminata, strigosa, versus marginem et ad nervum medium subtus hispida: infe- riora linearia, erecta, bipollicaria et ultra: superiora lineari-lanceolata, erecto-patentia. Ramuli spica so- litaria, foliosa, pauciflora terminati: floribus subsessilibus, Calyx hirsutus, 5-partitus: laciniis inzequalibus, erectis, linearibus. Corolla extus villosa, flava. Tubus longitudine laciniarum calycis longiorum cylindri- cus: laciniis limbi ovatis rotundatis. Filamenta tubi corolle inserta: antheris oblongis usque ad faucem porrectis. Stylus longitudine tubi, stigmate simplici. Ha». Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomack Rivers. Douglas. 14. L.angustifolium; caulibus herbaceis procumbentibus, foliis linearibus undique stri- gosis, floribus sparsis lateralibus axillaribusque, fructibus turgide ovatis nitidis impresso- punctatis.—Mich. Am. Bor. v. 1. p. 130. Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 131. Lehm. Asper. v. 9. p. 309. Has. Head of Lake Ontario. Goldie. Canada. Dr. Holmes, Norway House on the Saskatchawan. Drummond,—In fruit, and only one specimen gathered. (Drummond's plants, from Brazosia and San Filipé in Texas, III. n. 307 and 306, are probably the same species.) 15. L. lycopsoides (Lehm.); caulibus herbaceis procumbentibus ramosis foliisque ovato- lanceolatis denticulatis setoso-ciliatis utrinque hirtis, floribus sparsis lateralibus axillaribus- que, nucibus ovato-trigonis basi emarginatis dorso convexis rugosis.— Lehm. Pugil. II. p. 28. Caulis procumbens, teres, hirtus, di-vel trichotomo-ramosus: ramis adscendentibus. Folia sessilia, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, utrinqne e punctis sparsis callosis hirta, undulato-denticulata, denticulis callosis se- tosis. Flores laterales axillaresque breviter pedicellati. Calyz hispidissimus, 5-partitus, laciniis lanceo- latis, 2 lineas longis, in fructu cernuus, subinflatus. Corolla longitudine calycis, flava, glabra, limbo erecto minimo. Genitalia inclusa. Nuces ovate, trigone, acute, brunnez, dorso convex®, rugosa. Haz. Straits of de Fuca, N.W. America. Dr. Scouler. 7. ECHIUM. L. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. infundibuliformis vel campanulata: fauce ampliata nuda. Limbi laciniis in plurimis inæqualibus. Nuces 4, uniloculares, turbinatæ, gigartoideæ, scabræ, fundo calycis affixæ, basi imperforatæ. 1.. E. Menziesii; caule herbaceo erecto retrorsum hispido, foliis sessilibus acutis hispi- dissimis, inferioribus angusto-lanceolatis, superioribus ovato-lanceolatis, racemis multifloris imbricatis hispidissimis, staminibus corolla parva subtubulosa multo brevioribus. — Lehm. Pugil. 1I. p. 29. Radix simplicissima. Caulis herbaceus, "ei idit v sulcatus, retrorsum hispidissimus, 14-pe- dalis, ramosus. Folia sessilia, obscure 3-nervia, undique e punctis callosis hispidissima. Radicalia et caulina inferiora angusto-lanceolata (3 poll. longa, 4 lin. lata) aeuta, integerrima: superiora ovato-lanceolata, VOL. II, M 90 SOLANEE. [Physalis. Racemi caulem ét ramos terminantes, solitarii, multiflori, secundi, ebracteati, hispidissimi, ante anthesin re- voluti. Calyces hispidissimi, 5-partiti: laciniis linearibus, equalibus. Corolla subtubulosa, glabra, flaves- cens? Tubus cylindricus, calyce dimidio longior, apice paullo inflatus. Limbus erectus, 5-lobus, insequalis: lobis tribus reliquis duplo latioribus. Filamenta brevissima, «equalia, versus basin tubi inserta. Stylus filiformis, glaber, longitudine staminum: stigmäte capitato. Vuces 4, incurvze, ovate, trigonze, rugosissime. Has. N.W. Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. [Oss. I have received Lycopsis Europea, Borago officinalis, and Symphytum officinale, from Canada, gathered by Mrs. Percival, but I fear they cannot be considered natives. On». LXV. SOLANEZE. Juss. 1. SOLANUM. Z. Cal. 4-5-rarius 10-fidus. Cor. subrotata, plicata, 4-5-rarius 10-fida. Anthere conni- ventes, apice poro gemino. dehiscentes (interdum inzquales.) Bacca subglobosa, 2-(rarius 3—4-)locularis.— Herbs v. frutices inermes v. aculeati. Folia indivisa v. lobata, nunc im- paripinnata. Inflorescentia varia, sepius extra-axillaris. Br. E l. S. nigrum; inerme herbaceum, foliis ovatis repandis, corymbis subumbellatis peduncu- latis lateralibus nutantibus.— £.— Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 156. Ell. Car. v. 1. p. 80. Torr. Fl. v. l. p. 235. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. v. 1. p. 152. Haz. Canada to Hudson's Bay and the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Drummond. N.W. America. Douglas. Scouler.—This is called var. Virginicum by the American Botanists; but it seems to differ in no respect from the European plant of the same name. 2. S. triflorum; inerme herbaceum procumbens, caule hirsuto, foliis lato-lanceolatis pin- natifidis segmentis ovatis acutis, pedunculis lateralibus bi-trifloris hirsutis. — Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 1. p. 128.—2. major; foliis glabris.—f. minor; foliis subtus hirsutis. Haz. æ. About Carlton House Fort. Dr. Richardson. f. In the Garden (a weed) of Carlton House Fort, and entrance of Badger's Hole, and thence to Edmonton House. Drummond. 2. PHYSALIS. Z. Cal. 5-fidus. Cor. subrotata. Stam. basi corolle inserta. Anthere longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Bacca bilocularis, calyce inflato colorato tecta. 1. P. Pennsylvanica; herbacea pubescenti-villosa, foliis ovatis subcordatisve repando- dentatis, floribus pedunculatis subsolitariis nutantibus, calycibus hirsuto-viscosis.—L.—Ph. Am, v. 1. p. 157. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 234. Ell. Car. v. 1. p. 273.—P. viscosa. Jacq. Has. Lake Huron (plentiful). Dr. Todd. : 2. P. grandiflora; herbacea pubescenti-viscosissima, foliis (inferioribus precipue) longe petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine undulatis, pedunculis subsolitariis, floribus magnis albis nutantibus, calycibus fructiferis globosis. Haz. Sandy banks of the Saskatchawan, (sparingly). Drummond, Near old encampments where fires have been made, on the shores of Lake Winipeg (Dr. Richardson), and Red River (rare). Douglas.—1 Orobanche.) OROBANCHEÆ. 91 cannot find the description of any species which corresponds with this, It is remarkable for the great size and white colour of its flowers, which are nearly an inch broad. The whole plant is exceedingly viscid. A bad specimen, apparently of the same species, is found by Mr. Sheppard at Port au persil, below Mur- ray Bay, Canada, and sent to me as P. lanceolata, from which, however, I consider it perfectly distinct. 3. NICOTIANA. Z. ' Cal. tubulosus, 5-fidus. Cor. infundibuliformis v. hypocrateriformis, limbo 5-fido. Stigma capitatum. Caps. bilocularis apice 4-fariam dehiscens.—Herbe v. suffrutices. Flores terminales, racemosi. Br. l. N. nana; 2-3-uncialis, foliis lanceolatis pilosis, radicalibus quam flores solitarii lon- gioribus, corolla calyce longiore, laciniis obtusis.— Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 833. Has. N.W. America. A. Menzies, Esq. (Herb. nostr.) Rocky Mountains, W. Bird, Esq.—A singu- larly dwarf and almost stemless species, originally discovered by the excellent Menzies, 2. N.quadrivalvis; annua, caule humili erecto diffuse ramoso, foliis lanceolatis brevius- culis acutis sessilibus nunc basi auriculatis, calycibus campanulatis tubo coroll paululum bre- vioribus subinflatis clausis segmentis acuminatis, corollz limbo patente planiusculo segmen. tis acutis, capsula globosa 4-valvis. Nutt.—Ph. Am. v. 1. p. 141. Nutt. Gen. v. 1. p. 132. Ha», Mr. Nuttall was informed that it grew spontaneously on the banks of the Columbia, but probably the following species was there taken for it, if, indeed, the two be really distinct. Pursh gives the present as an inhabitant of the Missouri, and of the Mandan and Ricara Rivers, on the authority of Lewis’ Herba- rium. "The foliage yields an excellent tobacco, but the most delicate kind is prepared by the Indians from the dried flowers. (Ph.) 3. N. multivalvis; herbacea viscido-pilosa, foliis lanceolatis inferioribus petiolatis, flori- bus axillaribus solitariis, calyce multipartito, capsula multiloculari, corollee laciniis obtusis alte venosis.—Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1057. Has. Abundant within the recesses of the Rocky Mountains, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, in all dry light soils, Douglas, who further observes that it is greatly esteemed by the different tribes for smoking, and is the only vegetable which the natives of the Columbia cultivate. [Ozs. I have received the Hyoscyamus niger from Canada, sent by Mrs. Percival. It is doubtless an imported plant.] On». LXVI. OROBANCHEXZE. Juss. d 1. OROBANCHE. Z. Cal. bracteatus, varius. Cor. ringens; labium sup. integrum v. bilobum: inf. trifidum, laciniis subzequalibus. Stamina basi planiuscula: Anthere biloculares. Stigma sepissime bilobum. Caps. unilocularis, bivalvis, placentifera, placentis 2 v. 4. Semina numerosa rugosa.— Plante aphylle plerumque parasitice. * Calyx cyathiformis, 3-dentatus. Anthere basi obtuse facie anteriori dehiscentes. Pla- cente 2.—BoscHNAJAKIA. Bunge. URS S 1. O. glabra; glaberrima, caule squamato basi incrassato reticulato, squamis cordatis 92 OROBANCHEA. [ Orobanche. acutis (siccitate) intense fuscis opacis, calyce cyathiformi obliquo tridentato, corollæ tubo in- flato, labio superiore elongato integro, inferiore abbreviato obscuretrilobo. (Tas. CLX VII.) —Boschnajakia glabra. Bunge, in Herb. nostr.—Stellara lathræoides. Fisch. in Herb. nostr. Has. N.W. Coast of America.: Mr. Menzies (Herb. nostr.) Great Slave Lake to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr. Richardson.—This, and the following, with O. Americana, L. (which I possess from various parts of the United States, and from Mexico,) doubtless constitute a good genus, Boschnajakia of Bunge: but I regret I do not know where that author has described it. His specimens from Eastern Siberia are precisely the same as those gathered by Mr. Menzies and Dr. Richardson, and are remarkable for the very imperfect lower lip of the corolla, by which the species is at once distinguished from O. Ameri- cana, as well as from the following. Tas. CLXVIL—Fig. 1, Fruit; fig. 9, Side view of a Flower; Jig. 3, Calyx; figs. 4 and 5, Fruit:— magnified, 2. O.tuberosa; glaberrima, caule squamato basi tuberoso, squamis ovatis acuminatis (siccitate) intense fuscis opacis, tubere reticulato areolis tuberculiformibus pentagonis, spica densa, floribus unibracteatis, calyce cyathiformi obliquo 3-dentato, corolla tubulosa bilabi- ata, labiis erectis, superiore ovato integro, inferiore 3-lobo breviore, lobis ovali-oblongis obtusis erectis. (Tas. CLXVIII.) Parasitica. Caulis erectus, simplex, digitalis et ultra, squamosa, basi in bulbum reticulatum incrassatum squamis laxiusculis fusco-nigrescentibus. Flores in spicam elongatam congesti erecti, paululum curvati. Stamina inclusa. Filamenta basi barbata. Anthera ovate, erect®, apiculatz, facie anteriori dehiscens, rimis longitudinalibus superne junctis. ^ Germen ovali-subrotundum: Stylus supra curvatus.. Stigma sub- quadrilobum. Has. N.W. Coast of America. 4. Menzies, Esq.—This is remarkable for its decidedly tuberous roots, and by that character, as well by the very dark brown opaque (not pale brown and shining) scales of the stem, it may readily be known from the O. Americana, L., which has not, I believe, yet been detected in British North America. - Tas. CLXVIIL— Fig. 1, Side view of a flower; fig. 2, Front view of do.; fig. 3, Pistil; fig. 4, Stamen; Jig. 5, Back view of an anther; fig. 6, Front view of do, :—magnified. * * Calyz plerumque 5-fidus. Anthere basi acuminate, lateraliter dehiscentes. Placenta 4.—OROBANCHE vera. 3. O. Ludoviciana; pubescenti-glandulosa, caule brevi simplici v. subramoso, spica elongata densiflora, calyce inzequali profunde 5-fido bibracteato laciniis linearibus, corollae intus extusque pubescentis tubo elongato curvato, labiis subaequalibus, sup. bifido inferiore trifido, lobis acutiusculis, staminibus inclusis.— Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 58. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan (rare.) Drummond. New Caledonia. Doudl .—Mr. Drummond GC met with the same plant in Texas, (1st Coll. n. 69). Mr. Douglas’ specimens are taller, more generally branched, and more hoary with down: the calyx is often 6-cleft, the upper lip of the corolla sometimes nearly entire; but I do not see that they are otherwise different from those of the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. * * * Caulis fasciculatim ramosus, floribus solitariis (non spicatis) ebracteatis.—Fas- CICULATE. 4. O. comosa; pubescens, caule brevi densissime fasciculatim ramoso, ramis squamosis, Verbascum.] SCROPHULARINEZ. 93 / calyce 5-partito ebracteato laciniis subulatis, corolle tubo longe exserto curvato labiis elongatis recurvis, superiore oblongo bifido, inferiore tripartito laciniis lineari-oblongis apice bidentatis, antheris pilosis. (Tas. CLXIX.) . Haz. Banks of the Columbia, Douglas, Dr. Scouler, Dr. Gairdner.—Stem short, with broad scales bearing copious fasciculated, or almost corymbose branches, which have subulate scales. Tas. CXLIX.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamens; fig. 3, Pistil; fig. 4, Capsule:—magnified. 5. O. fasciculata; pulverulento-pubescens, caule brevi fasciculatim ramoso, ramis seu pedunculis nudis unifloris, calyce 5-fido ebracteato lobis triangularibus acutis, corollze tubo longe exserto curvato, labiis erectis concavis brevibus obtusis, superiore bifido, inferiore trifido lobis integris, filamentis glandulosis, antheris glabris. (Tas. CLX X.)— Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 59. Haz. About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Columbia. Dr. Scouler.— Well distinguished from the following by Mr. Nuttall. Tas. CLXX.— Fig. 1, Flower; jig. 2, Stamen; fig. 3, Pistil:—magnified. 6. O. biflora; pubescenti-glandulosa, caule brevissimo parce fasciculatim ramoso, ramis seu pedunculis valde elongatis nudis unifloris, calyce profunde 5-fido lobis subulato-acumi- natis, corolle tubo longe exserto curvato, labiis erecto-patentibus concavis, superiore bifido, inferiore trifido, lobis integris, filamentis inclusis glabris, antheris ciliatis.— Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 59.—O. uniflora. L.— Mich.— PA.— Ell. Has. Canada. Ph. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 2, EPIPHEGUS. Nutt. Polygama. Cal. abbreviatus, 5-dentatus. Cor. floris sterilis ringens, compressa, 4-fida, labio inferiore plano: floris fertilis minuta 4-dentata, decidua. Caps. truncata, obliqua, l- locularis, subbivalvis hinc dehiscens.—A phylla, parasitica ad radices Fagi.— Nutt. l. E. Americana. Nutt. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 60.—0O. Virginiana. L.—Mich. Ph. Ell. - Haz. Canada, Mr. Cleghorn, Mrs. Percival, Mrs. Sheppard. New Brunswick, Mr. Kendal, On». LXVII. SCROPHULARINEA. Juss. TRIB. VERBascEX. Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub folio 1770, 1. VERBASCUM.* L.—Benth. l. c. n. 1. 1. Y. Thapsus. L.—Ph.—El.—Bigel.—Torr. Has, Canada, Mrs. Percival. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd. Saskatchawan, Dr. Richardson, Drum- mond,— Probably introduced; yet both Pursh and Torrey observe that it springs up in great abundance in * A desire not to extend the present work beyond the two volumes announced in the prospectus, has induced me to omit the generic and specific characters, and particular references of well-known plants, Without such an arrange- ment, it would be impossible to include all the species, even of pheenogamous plants, within the prescribed limits; the number having considerably accumulated since the commencement of the work. 94 SCROPHULARINEA, [Chelone. newly-cleared lands, especially after the woods have been destroyed by fire, though not a plant had previ- ously been seen within the compass of a hundred miles, 2. V. Blattaria. L.— Mich.— Pursh.— El.— Torr. Has. Lake Huron (abundant). Dr. Todd. 2. SCROPHULARIA, ZL.— Benth. l. c. 1. S. Marylandica. L.—Ph. Eil.—S, nodosa, var. Mich. Has. Canada. Mrs. Percival, &c., and thence to the Pacific. Douglas, Dr. Scouler. Tris. AwTIRRHINEX. Chavannes. Benth. l.c. : 3. LINARIA, Tourn. Benth. l c. 1. L. vulgaris. Mench.—Antirrhinum Linaria. L.—Nutt.—E. Bot. t, 658. Haz. Canada, naturalized. Mrs. Sheppard. Mrs. Percival. 2. L. Canadensis; erecta glabra glauca, foliis linearibus obtusis, floribus racemosis, labio inferiore maximo palato obsoleto, calcare subulato, stolonibus procumbentibus.—Spreng.— Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3473,—Antirrhinum Canad. L.—PA.— Ell. Has. Canada. Ph. Plentiful in the swampy soils between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids. Douglas. Tris. SaLPIGLOSSIDEA. Benth. Lc. 4. COLLINSIA. Nutt. Cor. basi supra gibba, limbo valde irregulari 5-fido. Caps. globosa, 4-valvis. Benth l. c. 1. C. grandiflora; caule erecto, foliis lineari-oblongis basi angustatis, pedunculis verticil- latis floribus brevioribus, corolla: laciniis dilatatis retusis, calyce glabro corolla duplo bre- viore.— Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1107. Has. Dry gravelly banks of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Dr. Gairdner. Wallamet River. Mr. Tolmie.—Probably the C. violacea of Nutt., of which I possess specimens from the author, is not distinct from this. The form ofthe leaves, and shorter peduncles, will readily distinguish it from C. verna. 2. C. pauciflora; caule prostrato, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis infimis ovatis petiolatis, pe- dunculis axillaribus solitariis floribus multo longioribus, corolle laciniis subacutis integris, calyce pubescente corolla subzequali.— Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1082. Has. Moist places of the Columbia, from its source to the Pacific. Douglas. Dr. Scouler. Dr. Gaird- ner. Saskatchawan. Dr. Richardson. Lake Winipeg. Captain Back. Trib. Diciratex. Benth. 1. c. 5. CHELONE, £.—Benth. Cor. labium superius amplum concavum. Stamen quintum preesens sterile. Semina membranacea alata. Benth. l. c. 1. C. glabra; foliis ovato-lanceolatis inzequaliter serratis, floribus dense spicatis, corollae limbo contracto.—L.— Mich. Ph. Nutt. Ell.—et var. B. lanceolata. Nutt. Has. æ. and 8. Canada. Newfoundland. Dr. Morison. New Brunswick. Mr. Kendal. Pentstemon.] SCROPHULARINEE. 95 2. C. ramosa; folis ovatis acuminatis serratis, superioribus amplexicaulibus cordatis, pedunculis nudis trifloris pubescentibus. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1211. Haz. Mountain woods near springs and rivulets, N.W. America. Douglas (Bot. Reg.) 6. PENTSTEMON.* Z'Hérit. Benth. Cor. lacinize subplane. Stamen quintum præsens sterile. Semina nuda. Benth. l c. l. P. glandulosus; elatus glanduloso-pubescens, foliis radicalibus ovatis grosse dentatis, caulinis cordatis acutis amplexicaulibus subintegerrimis, calyce capsulam glabram sube- quante, corolla speciosa, filamenti rudimento glabro.— Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1262. Has. Undulating ground of Lewis and Clarke's River, near the Forks, among small stones (not com- mon). Douglas.—Mr. Douglas’ native specimens are in fruit. The flowers as shown in the Bot. Reg. are very large, and pale purple. 2. P. serrulatus (Menz. ms.); caule glabro, foliis omnibus argute serratis superioribus ovatis subhastatis, panicula bi-trifurcata, filamento sterili barbato. Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. n. 5. Has. N.W. Coast of America. A. Menzies, Esq.—My specimens ofthis are not very perfect; but it seems to have many characters in common with the following. 8. P. diffusus; caule ramoso, foliis ovato-oblongis glabris inzequaliter serratis, pedunculis axillaribus multifloris, calycibus turbinatis laciniis laceris aristatis. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1132. Haz. Common on limestone Rocks of the Columbia at the Grand Rapids. Douglas.—Flowers nu- merous, large, purple. 4. P. venustus; caule suffruticoso erecto glabro, foliis sessilibus rectis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis denticulatis glabris, floribus paniculatis, corollis ventricosis ciliatis, calycibus glaberrimis, antheris pilosis. (Lindl.) —Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1309. Har. Gravelly channels of rivulets near the Blue Mountains and near the source of the Wallawalla River.— This fine species, with large pale purple flowers, bears the name of P. suffruticosus, Dougl. ms. in my herbarium. Dr. Lindley points out its near affinity with P. diffusus, from which, he observes, it differs * caule magis erecto, foliis sessilibus longioribus rectioribus, corolle colore obscuriore, calycibusque gla- berrimis.” 5. P. glaucus; caule herbaceo glabriusculo, foliis omnibus glaberrimis radicalibus lan- ceolatis petiolatis integerrimis denticulatisve, caulinis bracteisque ovato-lanceolatis sessili- bus amplexicaulibus, panicula thyrsoidea, corollis inflatis calycibusque extus glanduloso- pubescentibus, filamento sterili porrecto barbato. (Lindl.)—Grah. in James. Journ. July, 1829. p. 348. Bot. Heg. t. 1286.— P. gracilis. Bot. Mag. fol. 2945. as to the description, not the figure. Has. According to Dr. Graham, the seeds of this were sent to: Edinburgh by Dr. Richardson, from Mr. Drummond's collection; but it does not appear to exist in the Herbarium. By some misunderstanding, I * Ofthis difficult, and now (mainly by the labours of Mr. Douglas) extensive genus, I gladly avail myself of the characters drawn up by Dr. Lindley, in the Bot. Reg., from living specimens of the majority of the species. The distinguishing marks are with difficulty recognizable in dried specimens. 96 SCROPHULARINEE. [Pentstemon. was induced to believe that Dr. Graham's plant was the same as one of Mr. Drummond's, of which I then had a drawing, (P. gracilis, Nutt.); and I inadvertently gave Dr. Graham's description with that species. With P. glaucus I am entirely unacquainted, unless it be, as I cannot help suspecting, from the figure and the two lines of hairs described by Dr. Graham within the under lip, a variety of P. pubescens. Flowers varied with white and purple. 6. P. ovatus; herbaceus, floribus caule pedunculisque glanduloso-pilosis, foliis cordato- ovatis amplexicaulibus glabris grosse dentatis, inferioribus longe petiolatis, corollis tubulo- sis, filamento sterili apice barbato basi unidentato.— Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2903. Has. Grand Rapids of the Columbia, Douglas. Wallamet River. Mr. Tolmie.—Flowers moderately large, of a bright ultramarine blue. 7. P. pruinosus; foliis ceesiis, radicalibus petiolatis integris dentatisve, caulinis dentatis sessilibus, bracteis superioribus integris, floribus verticillatis, calycibus bracteisque villosis, corollis glabris calyce duplo longioribus, limbi laciniis rotundatis integris. ( Lindl.) — Dougl. Bot. Reg. t. 1280. Has. Junction of the Oakanagan River, and on the high: banks of the Columbia, near the Priest's Rapid. Douglas. —Flowers rather small, brilliant blue. 8. P. Hichardsonii; caule herbaceo, foliis sessilibus pinnatifidis, calycibus glanduloso- pubescentibus, laciniis ovatis acutis, corolla labio superiore bilobo, inferiore trilobo trans- verso, pedunculis racemosis bi-trifloris, (Zindl.)— Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1121. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3391.— 8. minor. Haz. On the Columbia and its tributary streams. Douglas.—Flowers large, purple. 9. P. triphyllus; herbaceus humilis, foliis ternis quaternisve glabris incisis, inferioribus oblongis, floralibus integerrimis, pedunculis bi-trifloris calycibusque arachnoideis, corollæ aciniis oblongis obtusis, labii inferioris sequalibus. (Lindl.) —Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1946. Has. Rocks of the River Wallawallah, near the base of the Blue Mountains, N.W. America, Douglas. — Flowers much smaller than the preceding, bluish purple. . 10. P. Scouleri; suffruticosus, foliis obovato-lanceolatis serrulatis supremis integerrimis obtusis, floribus solitariis racemosis, corollis (speciosis) ventricosis serrulatis, antheris lana- tis. (Lingl.)—Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1277. Haz. N.W. Coast of America. Menzies in Herb. nostr. Rocks and mountains about the Kettle Falls, and near the sources of the Columbia, Douglas.—Flowers large, pale purple. In drying, the whole plant becomes black. ll. P. deusatus; caule subsimplici ascendente glabro, foliis inciso-serratis, radicalibus ovato-oblongis, proximis spathulatis, caulinis oblongis acutis sessilibus, supremis subinte- gris, calycibus glabris, limbi plani laciniis retusis supremis minoribus. (Lind/.)—Dougl. in Bot. Heg. t. 1318. Has, Lewis and Clarke's River, between the Forks and its confluence with the Columbia, and at the junction of Spokan River. Douglas.— Flowers pale sulphur-yellow. S 12. P. confertus ; foliis integerrimis glabris, radicalibus spathulatis acuminatis longe pe- Pentstemon.] ` SCROPHULARINEE. 97 tiolatis, superioribus sessilibus ovatis acuminatis, verticillis multifloris confertis sub- aphyllis, corolla calyce longiore. (Lindl.) Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1260. Has. Mountain Pine woods, in dry sandy soils, between Salmon River and the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 7000 feet above the level of the sea. Douglas.— Flowers small, crowded, sulphur-yellow. 13. P. procerus ; herbaceus, caule erecto stricto subsimplici, foliis lanceolatis integer- rimis, inferioribus petiolatis superioribus sessilibus subconnatis, floribus verticillato- spicatis, calycis segmentis membranaceo-laciniatis mucronatis, filamento sterili edentulo. —Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2954. Grah. in Ed. Phil. Journ. July, 1829. Haz. Plains of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Banks of the Columbia, between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids. Douglas.—Wallamet River. Mr Tolmie.— Habit of P. confertus, but the flowers’ are blue-purple, varied with a redder tinge. Mr Douglas' specimens are very luxuriant, 2-3 feet high, those from the Saskatchawan 1 foot to 16 inches. 14. P. attenuatus; caule stricto apice piloso, foliis radicalibus ellipticis acutis petio- latis, superioribus ovato-oblongis amplexicaulibus sessilibus, omnibus glabris integer- rimis, panicula stricta, calycibus corollisque pubescentibus, capsulis glaberrimis. ( Lindl.) Dougl, in Bot. Reg. t. 1995. Haz. Mountains of Lewis and Clark's River. Douglas. —Flowers moderately large, Senat, specimens, however, under this name from Douglas, haye decidedly purple flowers : and are perhaps rather referrible to the following. 15. P. acuminatus ; caule ascendente foliisque glabris valde glaucis, horum radicali- bus ovato-oblongis longe petiolatis integerrimis subcoriaceis, caulinis bracteisque cordatis acuminatis sessilibus amplexicaulibus, fasciculis florum subsessilibus, sepalis acuminatis glaberrimis, corollis tubo infundibulari fauce inflata, limbi laciniis latis retusis. (Lindl.) Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1285.—8, minor.—P. nitidus. Dougl. in Hook. Herb, Haz. Barren sandy plains of the Columbia. Douglas.—f. Red Deer and Eagle Hills, and other dry places of the Saskatchawan and Assinaboine and Red Rivers. Dr Richardson. Douglas.— Flowers rather large, bright purple. : 16. P. pubescens ; caule pübescente erecto, foliis lato-lanceolatis lanceolatisve dentato- serratis infimis subspathulatis supremis basi subcordatis, panicula laxa erecta, pedunculis plurifloris, corollae tubo elongato, labio superiore bifido breviore, inferiore porrecto trilobo intus filamentoque sterili apice dense fulvo-barbatis. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 9. p. 360. Mich. —Ph.—a, latifolius. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1424.—8, angustifolius. Has. Upper Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Lake Huron. Dr Todd.—Flowers white suffused with purple and red. I cannot distinguish the P. levigatus specifically from the present. Nuttall justly observes, that both are hairy (they have two bright yellow tufts) on the base of the lower lip within: as also has P. glau- cus. Grah. , f 17. P. gracilis ; caule erecto gracili, foliis magis minusve serratis glabris, inferioribus spathulatis caulinis lanceolatis basi subcordatis, panicula laxa stricta pubescente, pedun- culis plurifloris, corolle tubo elongato labio superiore bifido breviore, inferiore porrecto VOL. II. N 98 : SCROPHULARINEE. [ Pentstemon. 3-lobo intus nudo, filamento sterili fulvo-barbato.— Nutt. Gen. v. 2. p. 522. Hook. Bot. "Mag. t. 2945. (excl. descr. et syn. P. glauci.) Has. Red River and the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Dr d. Douglas.—Flowers long, pur- plish-blue, slightly tinged with green beneath. 18. P. speciosus; glaucus, glaber, foliis integerrimis; radicalibus spathulatis; cau- linis lanceolatis subundulatis sessilibus, floribus verticillatim paniculatis, corolla lobis subzqualibus rotundatis, rudimento glaberrimo. (Lindl.) —Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1270. Haz. On the high sandy banks of the Columbia, near Oakanagan, and on Spokan River. Douglas.—A splendid species, with very brilliant blue flowers slightly tinged with blush, 19. P. Tolmiei ; humilis herbaceus ceespitosus glaberrimus, foliis lanceolatis acutis sub- coriaceis integerrimis marginatis sessilibus sub lente impresso-punctatis inferioribus petiolatis, verticillis florum racemosis densis, pedicellis plurifloris brevibus, corollis parvis, limbi laciniis acutis subeequalibus, capsulis fuscis calycem «equantibus. Haz. Mt. Rainier, N. of the Columbia. Mr Tolmie.—A very distinct species, scarcely a span high, with woody horizontal roots, sending out copious fibres below, and above numerous tufted stems. The specimens are all in fruit: one withered corolla alone remaining, which is scarcely half-an-inch long, with acute segments to the limb. Inflorescence almost spicate. 20. P. frutescens ; caule fruticoso, ramis angulatis superne pubescentibus, foliis lan- ceolatis obsolete denticulatis sessilibus glabriusculis, racemis terminalibus subcorym- bosis, filamento sterili longitudinaliter barbato. (Ph.)—Lamb. in Linn. Trans. v. 1. p.259. Ph. Am. v. 2. p. 428. Digitalis dasyantha. Pal. MS. (Jide Lamb.) Has, Unalaschka. Pallas. North-west coast. Lewis. (fide Pursh.)—A most beautiful shrubby plant, with leaves 3-4 inches long and_1 inch broad. I know not in what particular part of the N.W. coast Lewis gathered it. Pallas is reported to have found it also in Kamstchatka; but notwithstanding I have received several collections from these three stations, I have never been so fortunate as to obtain a speci- . men; nor have I ever seen one, 21. P. Menziesii; fruticosus humilis vage ramosus, foliis glabris obovato-cuneatis obtusis coriaceis apicem versus serratis brevi-petiolatis, racemis terminalibus, floribus speciosis oppositis tubuloso-campanulatis.—Gerardia fruticosa. Ph, Am. v. 2. p. 423. t. 18. ge? Has. Nutka. 4. Menzies, Esq. In great abundance in the Pine forests of the Rocky Mountains. Lewis. (ex. Pursh.) I am not sure how far Mr Lewis' stations for plants, as given in Pursh, are to be depended upon. Mr Douglas does not appear to have found this in any of the numerous Pine forests of the Rocky Mountains which he traversed ; and my only specimens are from Nutka, where the fine species was gathered by Mr Menzies so long ago as 1788.— Flowers as large as in the preceding species. 22. P. Douglasii; fruticosus humilis, ramis subfastigiatis erectis, foliis glaberrimis | obovato-lanceolatis acutis coriaceis integerrimis sessilibus, racemis terminalibus, pedi- cellis oppositis, capsulis nigrescentibus calyce paululum longioribus. Haz, Blue Mountains of N.W. America. Douglas.—Allied to the last, but quite distinct. Leaves 2 to 3 of an inch long, almost black in drying, the old withered ones pale yellow-brown. Calycine segments ovato-lanceolate, slightly serrated, much paler than the dark-coloured capsules. There are no flowers on any of my specimens, 5 : : i e Mimulus.] SCROPHULARINEZ. 99 23. P. Gairdneri; fruticosus humilis minute puberulus, ramis subfastigiatis erectis strictis, foliis alternis lineari-spathulatis (supremis linearibus) coriaceis integerrimis sessilibus, racemis elongatis, pedicellis alternis (!) bracteatis, capsulis rufo-fuscis calyce concolori paululum longioribus. Haz. Blue Mountains of N. W. America, where it was gathered by Mr Douglas, but communicated to me by Dr Gairdner.— The above four well-marked species constitute a very natural groupe of Pentstemon, or probably a distinct genus, of humble growth and with decidedly fruticose stems; the lower part quite .woody. The present individual differs remarkably from the rest, in the leaves and pedicels being alternate ; but the capsule is altogether that of Pentstemon, and the mode of growth similar to the preceding species. I have named it in compliment to Dr Meredith Gairdner, an accomplished naturalist and surgeon in the H. B. C. possessions on the Columbia, whence he has lately been obliged to visit the Sandwich Islands for the recovery of his health. Tris. GgaTIOLExX. Benth. Le 7. MIMULUS. L. 1. M. guttatus, De Cand,— Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 152.—M. luteus. Ph. 1. p. 426. (excl. syn.) Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 1501. Has. Moist woods, N. W.C. from California to Unalaschka ; and from the sea to the mountains.— This is readily known from the. Chilian M. luteus, now common in our gardens, by the more copious flowers, of which the floral leaves are so small that they constitute a bracteated raceme, by the shorter peduncles and broader and more inflated calyx when in fruit. EU 2. M. moschatus (Dougl.) ; caule diffuso foliisque petiolatis ovatis dentatis glanduloso- villosis, pedunculis geminis foliis brevioribus, calycibus tubulosis fructiferis oblongis den- tibus lanceolatis inzequalibus, corollae limbo subzequaliter 5-lobo lacinia inferiore pube- scente.—Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1118. Has. Moist springs about Fort Vancouver, Douglas. 3. M. propinquus (Lindl.); annuus, undique glanduloso-pubescens, caule decumbente tereti, foliis ovatis. dentatis supremis sessilibus, pedunculis axillaribus folio brevioribus pubescentibus, corollze lobis obtusis : fauce pubescente; tubo calyci zequali.— Lind. Bot. Reg. t. 1330. Haz. N.W. America, according to Dr Lindley, who considers it to have sprung from seeds sent by Mr Douglas ; but there is no such plant in his Herbarium, nor among his notes, and it has so striking a resem- blance with M. parviflorus from Chili (Bot. Reg. t. 874), that I cannot but suspect that there is some mis- take as to its origin. Mr Bentham quotes the figure doubtfully under M. glabratus, H. B. K., a native of Mexico. ; 2 : 4. M. floribundus (Lindl.); patenti-pilosus diffusus viscosus gracilis basi prsecipue ramosus, foliis cordatis petiolatis dentatis, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis ex omnibus fere foliis iisque longioribus, calycibus ovatis 5-carinatis dentibus brevibus subeequalibus,— Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1125.—£ minor. M. peduncularis.* Dougl. Mst. * I may remark, that Mr Bentham, whose opinion is so important in this family, considers the M. peduncularis : of Dougl. a good species, to which, in a note in his ** Scroph. Ind.” he gives the following character :—** pubescens humilis, foliis petiolatis ovatis acutis subdentatis basi acutis rotundatisve, calycibus (parvis) ovato-tubulosis, dentib brevibus acutis subequalibus.” 100 3 SCROPHULARINEZ. : LLimosella. Has. Moist rocks of the Columbia, towards the mountains. Douglas. 5. M. alsinoides (Dougl. mst.); gracilis glaberrimus diffusus, foliis omnibus petiolatis ovatis cordatisque sinuato-dentatis, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris folio duplo triplove longioribus, calycibus ovatis dentibus perbrevibus subsequalibus, corolla flava maculis purpureis.—ß, minimus; caule subnullo 1-3-floro. Benth. in Scroph. Ind. adnot, p. 29. Has. N.W. Coast. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.) Tongue Point and other moist rocky places of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr Scouler. à 6. M. Scouleri ; glaberrimus, caule erecto basi ramoso, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis dentatis 5-nerviis floralibus brevioribus subovatis, pedunculis folio brevioribus, calycibus demum inflatis. Haz. Columbia River. Dr Scouler.— There are no flowers to these specimens, but the leaves are very different from any of the preceding in shape, and very unlike the M. ringens in nervation and in the calyx. , 7. M. roseus (Lindl.); erectus, pubescenti-viscidus, foliis ovato-acuminatis 5-nerviis sessilibus inferioribus prsecipue dentatis subsequalibus, corolle laciniis lato-oblongis ob- tusis subsequalibus.—.Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1591. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3353. M. Lewisii. Ph. Am. 2. p. 427 ?—8. glabrior. Har. £. Mountains N. of the Smoking River (Drummond) ; apparently very rare, or too early for the blossoming, for there are only two specimens in the collection, and only one in flower; and these are more glabrous than Mr Douglas's specimens, which, as far as I know, were all gathered in California, —1 think the ewisii, Ph. is probably a dwarf state of this species. 8. ingens. L.—Bot. Mag. t. 426. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. Haz. "Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. 9. M. primuloides (Benth.); caule perbrevi parce hirsuto stolonifero subulato, foliis sessilibus obovatis nervosis obscure dentatis glaberrimis, pedunculo elongato solitario ter- minali, calycibus tubulosis breviter dentatis.— BentA. l. c. p, 29. pas. N.W. Am. Douglas (last journey).—A very beautiful little plant, with a habit something like Pyrola uniflora. .8. GRATIOLA, Z. 1. G. Virginica, L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 12. Haz. Canada. Mrs Percival. Lake Winipeg. E Richardson. Plains of the Red River ; and sandy soil on the N.W. Coast. Douglas. Walla-Wallah River. Tolmie. SO 9. LIMOSELLA. Z. 1. L. aquatica. L.—E. B. t. 35/1. —L. subulata. Eat. Am. Bot. Has. York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond.—This is quite the same with our European plant. Eaton's L. subulata, according to specimens received from Mr Greene, only differs in its narrower leaves, in which state it is sometimes found in Europe. Veronica.] > - SCROPHULARINEÆ. 10] Tris. VEnowicEX. Benth. l.c. 10. VERONICA. Z.— Benth. 1. Y. alpina. L.—E. Bot. t. 484.—8. Wormskioldii ; elatior simplex, foliis multo majo- ribus, calyce capsulaque glanduloso-hirsutissimis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2975. var. Una- ` laschkensis. Cham, et. Schlecht. in Linnea. v. 9. p. 556.—V. Wormskioldii. R. et S. Has. M. Rainier. N. of the Columbia R. Mr Tolmie.—f. Alpine Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morison. "Unalaschka. Chamisso.—It is frequent in Greenland. 2. V. nutans (Bong.); corymbo terminali caule simplicissimo nutante, foliis sessilibus ovatis serratis acutiusculis, capsula subglabra calycem subeequante.— Bong. Veget. de Sitcha. p. 39. Haz. Sitcha, N.W.C. Bongard.— The specimen which M. Bongard has kindly sent to me appears to differ from V. alpina P. only in being more glabrous, and in having the upper part of the stem drooping ; but that author rather compares it with V. Stelleri, to which he says it is “ maxime affinis, sed distincta caule ` semper nutante, corymbo paucifloro, floribus triplo minoribus, corolla intus glabra, capsula subglabra (nec pilosa), calycem vix superante (nec sesquilongiore), stylo calyce multo breviore terminata." 3. Y, Stelleri (Pall); caule simplici hirsuto, foliis sessilibus cordatis serrato-crenatis obtusis, racemo brevi, bracteis crenatis pedicello brevioribus, calyce hirsuto,— Link. in R. et S. Syst, Veg. v. 9. Mant. p. 102. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea. 2. p. 557. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—The habit and leaves are those of V. Pona, and the capsule similar to that of V. alpina £., from which the foliage and longer style, and larger and more pedicellated flowers, will distinguish it. 4. V. serpyllifolia. L.—E. B. t. 1075. Ph, Am. 1. p. 11. ' Has. From Unalaschka in the north, throughout British America (in the Rocky Mountains, becoming var. humifusa), and thence south, throughout the whole Continent of America, to the Falkland Islands. 5. Y. Beccabunga. L.—E. B. t. 635. Ph. Am. 1. p. 11. Haz. Canada to Norway House. Xi 6. Y. Anagallis, L.—E. B. t. 181 Ph. Am. 1 p. 11. PER Has. Throughout Canada, to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N.W.C. Douglas. Sitcha. S 7. V. scutellata. L.—E. B.t.182. Ph. Am. 1. p. 11. Haz. Canada to English River. Dr Richardson. D Abundant in N.W. Am. Douglas. Tolmie. 8. V. Chamdrys. L.—E. B. t. 623. E Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard.—Scarcely indigenous. ; : 9. V. peregrina. L.—F. Dan. p. 407. Ph. Am. l.p. 11. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnea. 2. p. 559. Haz. Throughout Canada to occ River. Dr Richardson. Common on the margins of lakes, and still streams in N.W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—This, like the V. serpyllifolia, extends over the whole of the New World, and I possess specimens from the extreme point of S. America, gathered by Mr Darwin. Chamisso and Schlechtendal refer to it, as synonyms, V. Romana. L., V. Xalı , Chilensis, and Peru- viana. Humb., V. Marylandica. Murr., V. Caroliniana. Wall., and V. carnosula. Len, 102 * X SCROPHULARINEZ. : [ Gymnandra. EI e 11. WULFENIA. Jacq. E m + Cal. 4-5-partitus. Cor. tubulosa subbilabiata, fauce hirsuta, labio superiore integro, inferiore 3-lobato. Stam. 2, labio superiorie adpressa. Stylus simplex; stigmate obtuso. Capsula compressa, bivalvis, superne ad marginem utrinque dehiscens. Semina plurima. "—Herbe foliis plerisque radicalibus petiolatis. Flores racemosi, bracteati. 1. W. reniformis (Dougl. Mst.) ; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis reniformibus crenatis, scapo bracteato laxe racemoso, calycibus 4-partitis longe ciliatis. (Tas. CLX X.) Benth. in Scroph. Ind. p. 46. (in not.) * , Rhizoma perennis, repens, fibras copigits emittens. Folia BS 23 Jonge petiolata, cor - b glabra vel pilis deciduis sp hirsuta, reniformia v. cordato-reniformia, crenata. Petiolus digitalis, glabra vel deciduo-pilosa. Seapus florifer longitudine foliorum, demum fructiferus elongatus, foliis subduplo longior, erectus, nudus vel nudiusculus. Flores in racemum laxum dispositi, bracteati, bracteis ovatis pedicello brevi- oribus. Calyx 4-partitus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutis planis appressis longe ciliatis. Corolla calyce duplo longior, subinfundibuli i-tubulosa, ezerulea, limbo subbilabiato, labio superiore integro, inf. 3-lobato, lobis subzequalibus. Stamina 2, fauci hirsute inserta, filamentis subulatis exsertis. Anthere magne, dorso affixee, biloculares. Ovarium subglobosum compressum. Stylus filiformis, tubo corollee brevior. Stigma obtusum. Capsula elliptica nigra membranacea obscure reticulata compressa, bilocularis ; superne ad marginem utrinque dehiscentes, ut in Veronicis plerisque. Dissepimentum e marginibus introflexis valvarum arcte cohzrentibus. Haz. Common about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and in the vallies of the Blue Mountains. Douglas. Woods N.E, of Fort Vancouver. Dr Gairdner.—A genus differing in habit, but in fructification nearly allied to Veronica. Tan. C 1 x . WULFENIA RENIFORMIS.—P¿g. 1, Flower ; f. 2, the same laid open ; f.3, Capsule ; f. 4, Transverse section of do. below the middle :—magnified. 12, GYMNANDRA. Pall. ` Calyx bipartitus, spathaceus v. 0. Cor. labium superius integrum : inferius 2-3-par- - titum. Stam. 2 ad basin labii superioris, exserta. Capsula bilocularis, loculis mono- spermis."— Herbae siccitate nigricantes. Folia radicalia petiolata, caulina superiora bractei- Jormia. Flores spicati densi, bracteati. 1. G. Gmelini (Cham. et Semi e radicalibus subrotundo-aut elongato-ovatis basi parum attenuatis obtusiuculis gro zequaliter crenatis, staminibus labio superiore duplo brevioribus, stylo illo breviore. Linnea, 2. p. 561.—G. ovata. Willd. Mag. Ges. Nat. t. 10. f. 8.—G. reniformis, Willd. l. c.—G. borealis. var. Pall.—Lagotis glauca. Gaertn. — Bartsia Gymnandra. Willd—Ph. Am. 2. p. 430. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.— Whole plait very glabrous, succulent, and thick. If this is really the plant of Lewis, mentioned r Pursh, it is also found in the Columbia. + 2. G. Stelleri (Cham. et Schlecht.); foliis radicalibus oblongis utrinque infra vero magis attenuatis acutis inzequaliter obtuse serratis, staminibus fere longitudine labii supe- rioris, stylo illo longiore.—Linnea, 2. p. 563. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 128. — 9G. minor, G. dentata et G. gracilis, Willd. l c. p. 393, et seq. t. 9.—G. borealis. Pall. ` Has. Bay of St Lawrence. Chamisso.. Coast of the Artic Sea, Dr Richardson. Immarook, Kotze- bue's Sound. Lay and Collie.—Glabrous like the last. * $ SC : €x “ > a Romanzofia.]. Es SCROPHULARINEE. Ss y 103 3. G. rubra (Dougl. mst.); foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis late ovatis subcordatis q. ¿E : ers ES? "es E. Bl obtusis profunde ër. Mët caulinis minoribus superioribus sessilibus sensim in bracteis ovatis abeuntibus, spica gracili densa tota lanato-hirsuta, calycibus nullis, corollis parvis, staminibus styloque longe exsertis, (Tan. CLXXI.) Se 2 Radiz e fibris erassiuseulis, simplicibus, descendentibus.. Caulis erectus, pedalis, foliosus, simplex, superne ` precipue tomentosus. Spica elongata, bracteata.’ Bractee flore longiores, inferiores majores, lanatee, Calyx = ommino nullus. Corolla parva, subcoriaceo-carnosa, rubra? extus intusque hirsut ta; tubo brevi, limbo profude quadripattito, lacinia superiore majore; 3 inforioribus minoribus insequalibus omnibus erectiusculis. Stamina 2, longe exserta, Filamenta glabra, Anthere magna. Ovarium ovatum lanatum. Stylus gracilis stamina superans, -Stigma obtusum. ^ Haz. Banks of M‘Gillivray’s and Flathead Rivers, near the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.— The absence of a calyx, the succulent : of the corolla, to- gether with its small size and very short tube, might perhaps justify the making a new Genus of this plant ; but its habit is entirely that of the other Gymnandre, and till we are acquainted with the fruit, I prefer leaving it where its discoverer had placed it. The petioles, and even the leaves themselves, are partially clothed with deciduous hairs. 5 f ; S . Tas. CLXXI.—GYMNANDRA RUBRA.—Fig. 1, Bractea ; Jig. 2, Corolla ; fig. 3, Pistil :—magnified. , +. , . 18.? ROMANZOFFIA. Cham. 3 Cal. 5-fidus, inferus persistens. Cor. hypocrateriformis, decidua. - Filamenta imo tubo inserta. Stigma simplex. Caps. ovata, obtusa, bivalvis, bilocularis, dissepimento val- vulis contrario, polysperma. Cham. E 4 AN 1. R. Unalaschkensis (Cham.); hirsuto-lanata, foliis longe petiolatis regis cor- datis profunde 5-rarius 7-lobis, floribus subeapitatis, pedicellis flore brevioribus post -anthesin erectis, calycibus capsulam superantibus.— Hor, Phys. Ber. p. 11.1. 14. De Cand. Prodr. v. 1. p. 319. Cham. et Schlecht, in Linnea. 2. p. 608. | Has. Unalaschka and islands in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Langsdorff—1 am not aware that any of our British Naturalists have gathered this species. SS, 2. R. Sitchensis (Dong 1: parce pilosa, foliis longe petiolatis reniformibus sub-9-lobatis, floribus laxe racemosis, pedicellis flore longioribus demum subpatentibus, calycibus cap- sulam duplo brevioribus.— Bong. Veg. de Sitcha. p. 40. t. 4.—8, gracilis; triplo minor. Haz. Stitcha. Bongard. Fort Vancouver (Mr Garry) and Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler.—. Trinidad, N.W. America. Mr Menzies.— A larger and very different species from the preceding, having smaller flowers, very slender pedicels much elongated in fruit, and a calyx only half the length of the capsule. Mr Menzies was certainly the first to discover and distinguish this curious genus, and his original specimens amd very * D . P accurate description are in my possession. I am aware that Mr Bentham does not consider this genus to z belong to. Scrophularineæ, and that Choisy is disposed to refer it to Hydroleacea, whilst Mr Don makes of . it, and Sibthorpia, a separate Order, Sibthorpiacee : but in habit it so much resembles the Veronicee group - of the present Order, and the capsule and whole aspect have so striking an affinity with our Wulfenia reni- -> formis, that I prefer for the present to place it here, notwithstanding the regular corolla and five stamens. . A à E 104 > SCROPHULARINEE. [ Orthocarpus. Tris. Gerarpviex. Benth. 14. GERARDIA. LZ. 1. G. purpurea (L.); foliis linearibus acutiusculis planis margine scabris, floribus breviter pedunculatis, calycibus subenerviis dentibus acutis tubo dimidio brevioribus, corollis glabris ample campanulatis, basi breviter tubulosis. Benth. Syn. Gerard. in Hook. Comp. to B. Mag. 1. p. 208.— PA. Am. 2. p. 422. Has. Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. G. longifolia (Nutt. Tr. Am. Ph. Soc. 5. 180.) ; foliis anguste linearibus margine scabris, floralibus flores superantibus, pedunculis calyce multo longioribus, calycibus subenerviis dentibus lanceolatis acutis tubo vix brevioribus, corollis glabris ample cam- panulatis basi breviter tubulosis. Benth. l. c. p. 208.—G. aspera. Dougl. Ms. Has. Pastures of the Red River, East, not on the “West,” side ( Benth.) of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas.— Plant more scabrous than the preceding; leaves narrower, peduncles much longer, and flowers larger. Ed 2 Trim. RurwawTHEX. Benth. : 3 15. ORTHOCARPUS. Nutt. Cal. tubulosus v. campanulatus, 4-fidus. Cor. bilabiata, clausa ; lab. sup. minore com- presso, marginibus inflexis; inf. concavo obsolete 3-dentato. Antherarum loculi tenues, mutici, insequales. Caps. bilocularis, bivalvis, loculicide dehiscens. Semina marginata. 1. O. bracteosus (Benth.); caule duro pubescente, foliis lanceolatis apice lineari-tri- fidis, floribus spicatis, bracteis latis divaricato-trifidis rigidis, dentibus calycinis lanceo- latis rigidis viridibus corollae (purpurascentis) tubo brevioribus. Benth. in Scroph. Ind. in not. p. 13. Ha». N.W. Coast, Columbia and Puget Sound, Douglas; Wallamet. Tolmie.—1-2 fect high. Corollas rather large, broad at the upper end, much exserted, pale-purple. 2. O. strictus (Benth.) ; caule duro hispido, foliis lanceolatis integris trifidisve, floribus distantibus longe spicatis, bracteis divaricato-trifidis laciniis longe lanceolatis corollas superantibus, dentibus calycinis lanceolatis brevissimis viridibus, corollis (luteis) glabris, tubo longe exserto. (Tab. CLXXII.) Bent. l. c. p. 13. E Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan and mountain Prairies. Drummond. Red River; and N.W. America, at Puget's Sound, and Mount St Helen’s. Douglas.— A foot to a foot and a half high, simple, or slightly branched, very leafy. Flowers yellow, resembling those of Melampyrum pratense.— May this not be the original O. luteus of Nuttall? from the Mandan country. Tas. CLXXII.— Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Fruit enclosed in the calyx ; fig. 3, Fruit burst open ; jig. 4, Seed :—magnijied. vw 3. O. hispidus (Dougl.) ; subramosus, piloso-hispidus, foliis e basi lanceolata longe subtrifidis laciniis lineari-subulatis, floribus distantibus, bracteis viridibus corollas super- antibus, calycis dentibus lineari-setaceis viridibus corollze (flavescentis) tubo glabro brevi- oribus. Benth. l. c. p. 13, ; Has. Common on the low mostly grassy plains of the river Columbia. Douglas. ZS SS = * Castilleja] SCROPHULARINEZ. — 105 4. 0. tenuifolius (Benth.) ; piloso-pubescens, foliis 3-5-fidis laciniis lineari-subulatis, floralibus latissimis incisis, floribus dense spicatis dentibus calycinis brevibus subulatis. Benth. l. c. p. 12.—Bartsia tenuifolia. Ph. Am. 2. p. 429. Haz. N.W. Coast. Mr Menzies. Mounts Hood and St Helen’s, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. 2 16. CASTILLEJA. Mut. Cal. tubulosus compressus hinc fissus. Cor. tubulosa compressa bilabiata; lab. sup. lineari canaliculato; inf. brevissimo dentato. Antherarum loculi tenues mutici insequales. Caps. ovata compressa. Sem. membrana reticulata laxa obtecta. 1. C. coccinea (Kunth); pilosa, foliis plerisque incisis calycibus utrinque fissis seg- mentis latis integris retusis corollam subzequantibus vel vix brevioribus. Benth. ms.— Euchroma coccinea. Nutt.—Bartsia coce. L.—Ph. Am. 2. pa 429.8. bracteis lutescen- tibus. Ph. 1. c. e ` Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. 2. C. hispida (Benth. ms.) ; piloso-hispida, foliis plerisque incisis calycibus utrinque praesertim infra fissis segmentis apice bifidis laciniis oblongo-linearibus corolla parum brevioribus. Benth.—C. coccinea. Dougl. ms. and Lindl. Bot. Heg. t. 1136. Has. Common on dry soils of the N. W. Coast, especially about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner.—This western plant seems to me scarcely to diller from C. coccinea, except in being more villous, rather than hispid. Bracteas sometimes full yellow, as is the case with the preceding. Mr Bentham remarks (ms.) : “ Flowers of C. pallida ; foliage of C. coccinea. Nearly allied to this is the C. parviflora, Bong. Veg. de Sitch. p. 40," but of which no specific character is given ; there is however the een * valde affinis C. coccinee, a qua autem tam habitu quam floribus duplo minoribus differt." e author has kindly sent me specimens, bnt the flowers do not appear to be fully developed. 3. C. septentrionalis (Lindl.) ; pilosa v. rarius glabrata, foliis plerisque incisis calycibus utrinque preesertim infra fissis segmentis apice bifidis laciniis ovatis corollam sequantibus. Benth. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 925.— Bartsia pallida. Mich. Ph. et auct. Am. Sept. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Arctic Sea-Coast. Dr Richardson. N. W. Coast. Douglas (last journey).— The species of this genus are liable to much variation, and their essential characters difficult to be determined ; hence there is much confusion among authors. Chamisso and Schlechtendal consider the C. septentrionalis of Lindley, and the European palli (Lindley's Sibirica) to be identical. I will not at- tempt to decide the point from dried specimens, whe: flowers caunot satisfactorily be examined, but con- tent myself with Mr Bentham's definitions, made from our own specimens. 4. C. pallida (Kunth); glabra tomentosa vel apice pilosa, foliis caulinis plerisque integris, calycibus utrinque praesertim infra fissis segmentis apice bifidis, laciniis oblongis linearibus corollam zequantibus v. vix brevioribus. Benth.— Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 128. —C. Sibirica. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t, 925 (in deser.) —Bartsia pallida. L. et auct. Europ.— Bartsia acuminata. Ph. 4. c. : Haz. Pastures of the Rocky Mountains; and throughout Canada to Hudson's Bay and Fort Franklin on — the Mackenzie River. Drummond. Dr Richardson. N.W, Coast, to Behring’s Straits. Chamisso, Men- VOL, II. o . 106 SCROPHULARINEZ. ; [Pedicularis. zies. Tolmie. Labrador. (PA.).— Extremely variable in size, in the width and incision of the leaves and bracteas, and in the colour of the latter: so that I fear the following is scarcely a distinct species. - Probably Pursh's Bartsia acuminata is only a narrow-leaved state of the present. 5. C. miniata (Dougl. mst.); glabra v. apice pilosa, foliis caulinis integris calycibus utrinque presertim infra fissis, segmentis apice bifidis laciniis lanceolatis oblongisve corolla tubum vix sequantibus. Benth. Has. Blue Mountains, N.W. America. Dougl. Tolmie.—‘ The flower, though generally altogether shorter than in C. pallida, has yet usually the whole upper lip exserted from the calyx." 17. EUPHRASIA. L. 1. E. officinalis. L.—E. Bot. t. 1416. Ph. Am. 2. p. 430.—f. var. rotundifolia, laxi- flora.—E. latifolia, Ph. l c. (non L.) Haz. Canada and Newfoundland, to lat. 64° N. (Dr Richardson.) 8. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. : E e 18. BARTSIA. Z. l. B. alpina. L.—E. Bot, t. 361. Ph. Am. 2. p. 430. Haz. Labrador. Kohimeister. Dr Morison. 19. RHINANTHUS. Z. l. R. Crista Galli, L.—E. Bot. t. 637. Ph. Am. 2. p. 429, "Has. Newfoundland, and throughout Canada, to the shores of the Slave Lake, and to Fort Franklin. (Dr Richardson.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr Scouler. : 20. MELAMPYRUM. Z. 1. M. sylvaticum. L.—E. Bot. t. 804.—M. Americanum. Mich.—M. lineare. Lam. — Ph. Am. 2. p. 430, Has. From Lake Huron, and throughout Canada, to the plains of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—1 quite agree with Mr Bentham, who considers this plant identical with our European M. sylvaticum; varying, however, much in the breadth of the foliage, and in the entire or toothed bracteze. 21. PEDICULARIS. Z. :$ I. Personara. Stev.—labio inferiore erecto, 1. P. capitata (Adams in Mem. Nat. Cur. 5. p. 100); subpubescens, caule brevi subaphyllo, foliis pinnatis pinnis inciso-pinnatifidis, floribus paucis capitatis, corolla calyce quadruplo longiore corolle clause labio inferiore duplo breviore, galea obtusa, stylo exserto. Stev. Monogr. Pedicul. in Mem. Soc. Imp. Mose, v. 6. p. 19. t. 3. f. 9.—P. Nel- sonii. Br. in Rich. App. p. 143. Hook. in App. to Parry's Second Voy. p. 402. t. 1.—P. verticillata. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. (non Willd.) Haz. Arctic Sea-shore and Islands. Dr Richardson. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Behring's Straits. Langs- dorf: Chamisso. Beechey: : yos: E Pedicularis.] SCROPHULARINEE. ` 1 107 2. P. lanceolata (Mich.); caule erecto folioso, foliis oppositis lanceolatis duplicato- inciso-crenatis, floribus dense spicatis, corollse clause (calyce triplo longioris) labiis sub- sequalibus, galea subrostrata. Ph. Am. 2. p. 425. Stev. l. c. p. 18. (. 4. f. 2,—P. Virginica. Poir.— P. pallida. Nutt.—f. corolla breviore. Has. Canada. Mr Goldie.—f. St Clair Bay, Upper Canada. Mr Js. M‘Nab.—Upper Canada is pro- bably the northern limit of this fine species. $ II. VERTICILLATE. Stev.—foliis quaternis. 3. P. Chamissonis (Stev.); glaberrima erecta simplex, foliis quaternis pinnatifidis inciso-serratis, floribus verticillatis i in spicam interruptam, corollae galea uncinata, Stev. l c. p. 20. Haz. Unalaschka. Langsdorff and Chamisso. (Herb. nostr.) , 4. P. verticillata (Linn.); foliis quaternis pinnatifidis laciniis obtusis, floribus verti- cillato-spicatis, corollae galea recta obtusa labium inferius subæquante, calyce quinque- dentato. Stev. l c. p. 24. Cham. et Schlecht, in Linnea, 9. p. 582. Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 128. Haz. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard. : $ III. FAvcipENTES. Stev.—Cor. lab, sup. utrinque infra med. dentato. 5. P. Wlassowiana (Stev.); corolle labio superiore antice rectilineo, denticulo infra medium. Ster, l. c, p. 27. t. 9. f. 1. —P. macrodontis. Rich. App. p. 24.—P. — Hook. et Arn, Bot, Beech. p. 128. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan ; and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N.W. Coast. Mr Menzies. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.— Readily distinguished from P. palustris by the smaller flowers, without any tooth at the apex, but only one on each side, near the base.” (Benth.) Mr Bentham also remarks that probably Wahlenberg's Swedish, and Chamisso's N. American P. palustris, belong to this species, as is certainly the case with Dr Arnott's and my “ P. palustris,” from Kotzebue's Sound. On the other hand, Turcznaninow’s Dahurian specimens, under the name of P. Wlassowiana, are a var. of P. palustris. 6. P. palustris (Linn.); corolle labio superiore denticulo infra medium, galea dilatata gibba. Stev. l. c. p. 28. E. Bot. t. 399.— 8. parviflora. Benth. mst. ` Has. Newfoundland. Dr Morison.—é. Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. $ IV. Rostrarz. Stev.—Cor. lab. sup. basi edentulo, rostrato. 7. P. surrecta (Benth. mst.); erecta glabra, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis lanceolato- - linearibus subcartilagineo-serratis, spicis elongatis multifloris, calycibus tubulosis 5-den- tatis, dente supremo minore lateralibus altius crenatis corolle galea fornicata calycem subduplo superante in rostrum subulatum surrectum calycem plus triplo superantem desinente. Benth. Has. N. West Interior. Douglas (last journey).—* Corollee duplo majores quam in sequente." 108 ; SCROPHULARINEE. [ Pedicularis. 8. P. Groenlandica (Retz, Obs. 4. t. 1); erecta glabra, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis lanceolato-linearibus subcartilagineo-serratis, spicis elongatis multifloris, calycibus tubu- losis 5-dentatis dente supremo minore lateralibus altius connatis, corolla: galea fornicata calycem vix' superante in rostrum subulatum surrectum calycem duplo superantem de- sinente. Benth.—Stev. l. c. p. 32. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. Has. Plains of the Columbia and N.W. Coast. Lewis. Douglas. Labrador. Dr Morison. Alpine marshes of the Rocky Mountains, and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. 9. P. contorta (Benth. mst.); erecta glabra, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis linearibus inciso-serratis, spicis laxiusculis, calycibus campanulatis lacinia suprema parva lateralibus utrinque basi latis connatis apice linearibus integris, corollee tubo calycem sequante, gales arcuate rostro lineari in labium inferius latissimum decurvo, apice vix surrecto. Benth. Has. Mt. Rainier, N. of the Columbia River. Tolmie.—A very fine species ; the neck of the root very thick and woody, and bearing copious stems and leaves, the former 10 inches to a foot high. 10. P. racemosa (Dougl. mst.); adscendens glabra, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis dupli- cato-serratis, racemis elongatis laxis, calycibus hinc fissis brevissime bifidis membranaceis obtusis, galee arcuatee rostro subulato deflexo suberecto, labio latissimo. Benth. Has. Abundant on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia ; Douglas : gathered also in his last journey. Mt. Rainier ; north of the Columbia. Zolmie.— A most distinct and re- markable plant, frequently with lax axillary leafy racemes. Allied to P. teucriifolia, carnosa, and resu- pinata. (Benth.) : 11. P. ornithorhynchos (Benth. mst.) ; foliis ad basin caulis approximatis pinnatisectis, segmentis profunde pinnatifidis laciniis inciso-dentatis, calycibus ovato-inflatis breviter quinquefidis, laciniis integris subdentatisque, corollze tubo calycem vix superante, labio patente, galea falcato-rostrata rostro tenui recto. Benth. Has. Mt. Reinier, N.W. America. Tolmie. “ A P. rostrata cui affinis est differt foliis magis dissectis, calycis forma et coroll labio minore.”—A humble growing plant, its scapes, or almost naked stems, scarcely more than 6 inches higli, with copious foliage at the base, more than half the length of the scape. 12. P. Lapponica (Linn.); caule erecto simplici, foliis lanceolatis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceolatis i incisis, calycibus ovatis brevissime dentatis subtus fissis, corollee galea uncinata, spica capitata laxa.—Stev. l. c. p. 35. Ph. Am. 9. p. 309. . Rich. App. p. 24. Has. Labrador. Kohlmeister.. Dr Morison. Barren grounds between lat. 64° and the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson.— Corolla primulaceo-flava ; labio inferiore latiusculo reclinato trilobo, lobo intermedio minore recurvo, lobis omnibus eroso-dentatis; galea in rostro brevi deciso deorsum spectante attenuata. Stigma ex- sertum. $ V. Bicuspiparm. Stev.— Cor. lab. sup. basi edentulo, galea brevi apice bidentata. Dësst Canadensis. Linn.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 425. Stev. l c. p. ne spica elongata. E: gladiata. Mich. Ph. Nutt Has. Canada. Mrs Percival. Cleghorn. Goldie; and from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to the Grand Rapid of the Saskatchawan, near Lake Winipeg. Douglas. $ Pedicularis.] SCROPHULARINEZ. 109 14. P. euphrasioides (Steph.); caule ' ramoso, foliis: pinnatifidis infimis bipinnatifidis laciniis oblongis dentatis, racemis terminalibus laxis, calyce obtuso subtus fisso supra brevissime tridentato, corollee galea convexa bidentata.— Gmel. Sib. 3. t. 43. Stev. l c. p. 42. Ph. Am. 2. p. 424.—P. Labradorica. E. P. ramosa. Wormskiold in Herb. nostr. Has. Moist mossy places. North of the Saskatchawan to the Arctic Sea-shore. Dr Richardson. Woods of Pinus Banksii in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morison. Kot- zebue’s Sound. Beechey. Chamisso.—Dr Richardson thus describes the flower from living specimens :— “ Cal. pedunculatus glabriusculus bilabiatus, sinu superiori obtuso, sinu inferiori profundiori acuto labiis uni- dentatis. Cor. flava, tubo calyce fere duplo longiori; labio inferiori 3-lobo, lobis rotundatis integerrimis ; galea rostrata decisa bidentata ; pistillo exserto.” 15. P. nasuta (Bieb.) ; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis bipinnatifidis, laciniis angustis, scapo erecto subunifolio, spica capitata foliosa, calyce quinquefido pubescente, corolla galea arcuata brevissime rostrata bidentata. Stev. l c. p. 43. t. 15. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard, who observes that his specimens are the samo with the original ones in Bieber- stein's Herbarium from Kamtschatka. 16. P. Sudetica (Willd.) ; foliis pinnatifidis laciniis lanceolatis serratis, spica densa, calyce quinquefido, corollae galea obtuse bidentata. Stev. l c. p. 44. 0. 15. 2. Rich. App. p. 25. cum descript. Haz. Bear Lake to the Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Kotzebue’s Sound. Beechey. Chamisso.— Of this plant Mr Bentham remarks, that the flowers are rather shorter, and the galea rather broader, especially near the base, than in the Sudetian plant. ‘ $ VI. EpENTULX. Stev.— Cor. lab. sup. omnino edentulo galea brevi. 17. P. Langsdorffii (Fisch. mst.) ; foliis bipinnatifidis radicalibus copiosis caulinorum . rachi dilatata, spica densa lanata, calyce quinquefido corolla quadruplo breviore, galea obtusa truncata (nonnunquam sub apice dentata). Stev. l c. p. 49. t. 9. f. 2. (1823.) Cham. in Linnea, 2. p. 584.— P. arctica. Brown, in Parry's First Voy. App. p. CCLXX.—P. purpurascens. Spreng.— P. hirsuta. Rich. App. p. 25. (fide specim. in Herb. nostr.) —f. ela- tior ; foliis paucioribus, spica elongata laxiore, galea majore (an spec. distincta ?).—7. spica maxima elongata, foliis bipinnatifidis, segmentis angustis. — P. lanata. Hook. et Arn. in Beech. Bot. p. 198.—an Cham. ? e Haz. Behring’s Straits. Menzies. Langsdorff. Chamisso. (Herb. nostr.) Melville Island. Sir E. Parry. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, abundant. Drummond.—f. Bear Lake River to the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson.—y. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—Chamisso in the Linnea (1. c.) considers the more common woolly spiked state of the plant to be a distinct species ( P. lanata): but it is that latter var. which Dr Fischer himself marked in my Herbarium as his P. Langsdorffii; and Steven's figure affords an accurate representa- tion of the more usual form of the plant. My var. f. has a different appearance, and a longer, more in- curved, and blunter upper lip; whilst my var. y. has a short and narrow upper lip, and leaves which are finely cut in a pinnatifid manner. S 18. P. hirsuta ( Linn.) ; lanata, caule folioso, foliis pinnatifidis, rachi in petiolum foliaceum dilatata, spica foliosa, calyce quinquefido hirsuto, corollee calyce duplo longioris galea Ld 110 SCROPHULARINEE. [Pedicularis. obtusissima. Stev. l c. p. 51. Rich. App. p. 25. Hook. in Parrys 2d. Voy. App. p. ke 402. Fl. Dan. t. 1105 (bona). .Haz. Arctic Islands, frequent ; from the Continent I have seen only one specimen, and that of gigantic growth (a foot tall), from Bear Lake, gathered by Dr Richardson in his second journey. The * P. hirsuta” of the former journey I refer to P. Langsdorffii (arctica, Br.). The present may be at once recognised by the remarkable dilatation of the petiole, of which the rachis is an equally broad continuation ; and on this, at the margins, are set the little segments, or rather pinnules, like the teeth on the broad snout of a sword-fish, at regular distances. This character has not escaped the notice of Wahlenberg. The flowers are smaller, and much paler coloured than in the preceding. 19. P. flammea (Linn.); humilis, foliis precipue radicalibus pinnatis pinnis ovatis retro-imbricatis dentatis, calyce 5-fido (glabro, Stev.), spica brevi, corollae galea obtusissima rotunda, labii inferioris laciniis linearibus.—«. galea purpureo-fusca. Fl. Lapp. t. 4. f. 2. Ph. Am. 2. p. 426. Stev. l. c. p. 51.— 8. corolla tota flava. Haz. Labrador. Kohlmeister (Ph.). Arctic America. Dr Richardson. «. and 8. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—In all our American specimens, and in many European ones, the calyx is de- cidedly, but not thickly, woolly. i 20. P. versicolor (Wahl.); foliis pinnatis pinnis retro-imbricatis, calyce 5-fido pubes- "cente, corollee galea obtusa antice angulata, Stev. l c. Haz. Islands of N.W. America. (Steven.) —Except in the larger flowers and larger size, generally, of the plant, and the minute angle in front of the galea, this species comes very near P. flammea. 21. P. bracteosa (Benth. mst.) ; erecta elata, foliis pinnatisectis segmentis lanceolatis inferioribus distantibus pinnatifidis laciniis serratis, spica elongata densa, bracteis mem- branaceis ovatis acuminatis, calycibus quinquefidis pilosis, corolla galea obtusa subincurva antice acuta vel vix obsolete dentata. Benth.—P. alata. Ph. 2. p. 425 ? (non Willd.) Haz. Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N.W. Am. Douglas (last journey ).— A very fine plant, 2 feet and more high; some of the leaves are 6 inches, and even longer, and some of the pinnz four inches; spike long and dense. Mr Pursh gives the P. recutita as a native of the N.W. Coast, on the authority of Mr. Menzies, “and probably throughout Canada." But, doubtless, some very different species has been mistaken for it.* * Among the notes on the N. American species of Pedicularis, kindly communicated to me by Mr Bentham, and from which I have greatly profited, is the character of a very beautiful new species, found by Mr Douglas iri: North California, with the flowers much resembling those of recutita :—” P. (Edentula) densiflora (Benth. mst.) ; erecta elata, foliis amplis profunde pinnatifidis pinnatisectisve segmentis ovali-oblongis pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis inciso-dentatis, spica densa multiflora, calyce mr 5-dentato, corolle galea recta obtusa antice hiante, labio minimo. Haz. N. California, Dougtus. e " E = Lycopus.) ^ LABIATE. 111 Orv. LXVIII. LABIATA. Juss. Tris. MENTHoIDE®. Benth. 1. MENTHA. Z. 1. M. Canadensis. Benth.—o. villosa. Benth. M. Canadensis. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 405. —8. glabrior. M. borealis. Mich.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 405. Haz. From Canada to the Mackenzie River. (Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Abundant in N.W., America. + Oss. The above seems to be the only indigenous Mint: but M. viridis, L. (M. tenuis, Mich. et Ph.), M. piperita, M. aquatica, and M. pulegium, are occasionally found in cultivated grounds. 2. LYCOPUS. Z. 1. L. Virginicus (Linn.); glabriusculus, caule basi stolonifero, foliis oblongo-ellipticis utrinque angustatis remote dentatis, calycibus 4-dentatis, dentibus ovatis obtusis, stami- num sterilium rudimentis nullis. (Benth.) Ph. Am. 2. p. 16. Richards. App. p. 2.—8. pauciflorus. Benth.—L. uniflorus. Mich.—L. pumilus. Vahl.—Ph. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. ` 2. L. macrophyllus (Benth.) ; caule erecto firmo obtuse tetragono, foliis petiolatis amplis ovatis longe acuminatis grosse sinuato-dentatis basi angustatis glabris, verticillastris mul- tifloris, calycibus irregulariter 4-5-dentatis, dentibus ovatis obtusis, staminum rudimentis nullis (?) acheniis calycem »quantibus. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. p. 185.—L. Virginicus.— B. quercifolius. Ph. Am. 1. p. 16? Haz. Juan de Fuca, N.W. Coast. Dr Scouler. 3. L. obtusifolius (Mich. ex Vahl Enum. 1:212 ?); caule erecto firmo subsimplici, foliis sessilibus oblongo-ellipticis profünde serratis basi rotundato-angustatis, verticillastris mul- tifloris, calycibus irregulariter 5-dentatis, acheniis calyce vix brevioribus, staminum rudimentis subnullis. Benth. l. c. p. 186. Ph. Am. 1. p. 16. — an. Drun d. Red River. Douglas. Haz. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatch 4. L. sinuatus (Ell.) ; caule erecto acute tetragono glabriusculo, foliis petiolatis oblongo- lanceolatis utrinque angustatis infimis pinnatifidis mediis sinuato-dentatis supremis lineari- bus subintegerrimis, verticillastris multifloris, calycibus 5-dentatis acutis, staminum sterilium rudimentis capitatis, acheniis tubo calycis brevioribus. Benth. l.c. p. 187.—L. Europeus. Mich. (non L.)-—Ph. Am. 1. p. 16.—L. bracteatus and Americanus. Muhl.— a. dissectus (Benth.) ; foliis plerumque pinnatifidis. L. exaltatus. El. (non L.)—8. vul- garis (Benth.) ; foliis plerumque sinuatis. L, sinuatus. ZU.—L. vulgaris. Nutt—y. angus- tifolius (Benth.); foliis plerumque linearibus subintegerrimis. L. angustifolius. Nutt. —L. longiflorus and L. longifolius. Rafin —L. Pennsylvanicus. Muhl. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. N. W. America, abundant. 112 : LABIATE. [Monarda. 3. SALVIA. E 1. S. obovata. Ell. Carol. 1. p. 33. Benth. l c. p. 307.— S. lyrata, 8. obovata. Ph. Am. l.p.90. Dill. Elth. 219. t. 173. f. 216. Has. Canada. Michaux :—but I have never seen specimens from so far north. 4. AUDIBERTIA. Benth. Cal. ovatus, bilabiatus, labio superiore concavo integro v. breviter tridentato, inferiore bifido, intus fauce nuda. Corolla tubo calycem sequante vel exserto, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore bifido lobis patentibus, medio latissimo emarginato. Stam. fertilia 2 (inferiora) adscendentia, ssepius exserta, superiorum rudimenta parva claviformia v. nulla. Anthere dimidiate, connectivo lineari in filamentum articulato adscendente, apice an- theram linearem unilocularem ferente postice non producto v. brevissime acuminato. Stylus breviter subulato-bifidus. l. A. incana (Benth); suffruticosa, ramis divaricatis ramosis canescentibus, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis integerrimis basi angustatis canescentibus, floralibus bracteisque lato-ovatis, racemo simplici, genitalibus exsertis. Benth. in Bot. Reg. t. 1469. Lab. Gen. et Sp. p. 314.— Salvia carnosa. Dougl. mst. Haz. N.W. America ; at Priest's Rapid on the Columbia and plains from Walla-wallah to Spokan Rivers. Douglas.—A very beautiful and very distinct genus, of which five other species were found by Mr Douglas in Northern California. 5. MONARDA. Z. 1. M. didyma (Linn.); foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundato- subcordatis utrinque hispidulis vel rarius glabratis, floralibus sessilibus bracteisque ex- terioribus oblongo-lanceolatis basi longe angustatis coloratis glabris fauce subnuda, corollis glaberrimis. Benth. l. c. p. 316. Bot. -Mag. t. 546.— M. fistulosa, var. Bot. Mag. t. 145? —M. coccinea. Mich.—M. purpurea. Lam.—M, Klamiana. Ph. Am. l.p. 17.44, (mala). Haz, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. 2. M. fistulosa (Linn.); foliis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis basi rotundato-subcordatis utrinque glabris pubescentibus hispidisve, floralibus sessilibus bracteisque exterioribus subcoloratis, calycibus subincurvis vix coloratis, fauce intus hispida, corollis glabris vil- losisve. Benth. l. c. p. 316, Ph. Am. 1. p. 18. Reich. Ic. Exot. t. 119,—M. Clinopodia. L.— M. allophylla. Mich.—M. purpurea. Ph. Am. 2. p. 17. (non Lam.)—M. oblongata et rugosa. Ait.—M. glabra et longifolia. Lam.— M. altissima. Willd.— Reich. Ic. Exot. t. 21.—P. mollis, foliis molliter pubescentibus corollee labio superiore densius barbato. Benth. l. c. p. 317.—M. mollis. Linn. Am. Acad, 3. p.399. Reich. Ic. Exot. t. 171.— M. mentheefolia. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 2958. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan, where var. £. is particularly abundant. Micromeria.] LABIATE. ; ; 113 TRIB. SATUREINEÆ. Benth, 6. PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich. L P. incanum. Mich. Am. 2. p. 1. Ph. Am. 2. p. 409.—Clinopodium. Z. Has. Canada. Goldie. d 7. MONARDELLA, Benth. Cal. ovato-tubulosus, sepe elongatus, 10-13-nervius, 5-dentatus, dentibus brevibus subeequalibus rectis, fauce intus nuda. Cor. tubo calycem sequante vel breviter exserto, fauce intus glabra, limbo subbilabiato, labio superiore bifido, inferiore trifido, lobis omni- bus oblongis linearibusve planis subeequalibus. Stam. 4, subaequalia, vel inferiora longiora, recta, divergentia, exserta. Anthere biloculares, loculis parallelis, demum divergentibus vel divaricatis. Stylus apice brevissime bifidus, stigmatibus minutis. Achenia sicca.— Herbs perennes. Verticillastri magni, subglobosi, bracteis latis suffulti, solitarii, termin- ales. Benth. 1. M. odoratissima (Benth.); caule procumbente, foliis subsessilibus oblongo-lanceo- . latis utrinque angustatis integerrimis canis, verticillastris dense globosis magnis solitariis, bracteis exterioribus lato-ovatis obtusissimis coloratis, calycibus tubulosis elongatis sub- zqualiter dentatis. Benth. l. c. p. 332. > Haz. Gravelly soils near the Narrows and Kettle Falls of the Columbia and Salmon Rivers; and on limestone rocks on the Blue Mts., N. W. America. Douglas. i 8. COLLINSONIA. L. 1. C. Canadensis, L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 20,—and 21 (C. ovalis). Haz. Canada. PA. 9. CUNILA. Z. Benth. 1. C. Mariana, L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 400.—Ziziphora. R. and Sch. Has. Canada. Ph. Tris. Meuissinem. Benth. 10. HEDEOMA. Pers. 1. H. pulegioides. Pers.— Melissa. L.—Ziziphora. R. and Sch. Haz, Canada. Ph. 11. MICROMERIA. Benth. Cal. 13-rarius sub-15-striatus, 5-dentatus, subzequalis. Cor. tubus exannulatus, ex- sertus; limbus bilabiatus, labiis planiusculis, Stam. adscendentia, superioribus brevioribus antheriferis. Benth. "Sud = 1. M. glabella (Benth.); glabra, caule herbaceo erecto pusillo, foliis sessilibus oblongo- VOL. II. P 114 ; . LABIATE. [Scutellaria. linearibus obtusis integerrimis, verticillastris subsexfloris, pedicellis elongatis nudis, calyci- bus subbilabiatis dentibus omnibus subulatis, fauce intus villosa. Benth. l. c. p.370.— Cunila. Mich.—Ziziphora. R. and Sch.—Hedeoma glabra. Nutt. Haz. Canada. Goldie. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. : : 2. M. Douglasii (Benth.); caule herbaceo prostrato, foliis petiolatis ovato-rotundatis obtusis crenatis basi rotundato-truncatis utrinque glabris, pedunculis elongatis basi v. medio bracteatis, calycis dentibus subulatis, fauce intus nuda. Benth, l c. et in Linnea, .6. p. 80.—M. Chamissonis. Benth. in Linnea, 6. p. 80. Has. N. W. America, in shady Pine-woods, especially about the Columbia. Menzies. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. : : 12. MELISSA. ZL. et Benth. 1. M. Clinopodium. Benth.—Clinopodium vulgare. L.—E. Bot. t. 1401. Ph. Am. 2. p. 410. : Haz. Canada, in various places. Norway House Fort. Dr Richardson. (Introduced.) Tris. ScUTELLARINE®. Benth. 18. PRUNELLA. Benth. l. P. vulgaris. L.—E. Bot. t. 961. Ph. Am. 2. p. 411.—8. major, foliis angustioribus. P. Pennsylvanica. Haz. Canada. Newfoundland.— 5. Saskatchawan, and Portage River near the source of the Columbia. Dr d. Abundant on the N. W. Coast, often a foot high, and with the flowers of a very large size. Douglas. Scouler. Tolmie.— An extremely variable plant, in size and hairiness and in the breadth of its leaves. 14. SCUTELLARIA. Z. L S. canescens (Nutt.); caule elato ramoso pubescente, foliis petiolatis ovatis v. ovato- lanceolatis acutis crenatis basi angustatis rotundatis v. infimis cordatis utrinque pubes- centibus subtus incanis, floralibus oblongis calyces superantibus, racemis laxis paniculatis canescentibus, floribus oppositis secundis, calycibus cano-tomentosis, corollis extus pubes- centibus. Benth. Lab. p. 422.—S. serrata and S. incana. Spr. Haz. Canada. Goldie. 2. S. angustifolia (Ph.) ; glabriuscula, caule erecto simpliciusculo, foliis infimis petio- latis ovatis dentatis superioribus subsessilibus oblongo-linearibus integerrimis omnibus basi rotundato-cuneatis, floralibus conformibus supremis sterilibus, floribus axillaribus oppositis secundis, calycibus pedicello brevioribus. Benth. l. c. p. 436. : Haz. N. W. America. Kooskoosky. Lewis. Columbia River, near the sources. Douglas. Wallamet. Tolmie. . 8. S. galericulata. L.—E. Bot. t. 523. Ph. Am. 1. p. 412. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Throughout Canada. Saskatchawan, abundant (Drummond), and as far north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. N.W. Coast. Douglas. Dracocephalum.] LABIATE. 115 4. S. parvula, Mich.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 411. Hook. Ex. Fl t. 106.—S. ambigua. Nutt, Has. Canada. Michauz. Mrs Sheppard, Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. 5. S. antirrhinoides (Benth.); caule diffuso ramoso glabro, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis obtusis integerrimis basi angustatis crassiusculis glabris vel tenuissime pubescen- tibus, floralibus conformibus supremis sterilibus, floribus axillaribus oppositis secundis, calycibus pedicello brevioribus. Benth. l. c. p. 440. à; Haz. N.W. America. About Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Wallamet. Tolmie. 6. M. lateriflora. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 412. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan ; and N.W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Dr Gairdner. Tris. Nepetex. Benth. 15. LOPHANTHUS. Benth. Cal. tubulosus, 15-nervius, subincurvus, ore obliquo 5-dentato, dentibus superioribus sublongioribus. Cor. tubo calycem sequante, intus nudo, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore suberecto emarginato-bifido, inferiore subpatente trifido, lobo medio lato-crenato. Stam. 4 didynama, inferioribus brevioribus, distantia y. divaricata, Anthere biloculares. Achenia levia, nuda. Benth. E 1. L. urticafolius (Benth.); glaber, foliis cordato-ovatis crenatis utrinque viridibus, spicis densis oblongis, laciniis calycinis lineari-subulatis, genitalibus longe exsertis. Benth. | 4. c. p. 462.— Hyssopus urticsefolius. Dougl, mst. Haz. Lewis and Clarke's River, N. W. America. Douglas. 2. L. anisatus (Benth. in Bot. Heg. t. 1582); glaber, foliis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis acutis crenatis supra viridibus subtus albis, spicis cylindricis basi interruptis, laciniis caly- cinis lanceolatis acutis, genitalibus exsertis. Benth. Lab. p. 463, and in Bot. Reg. t. 1982. —Hyssopus. Nutt. H. discolor. Desf.—H. Foeniculum. Spr.—Stachys Feeniculum. Ph. Am. 9. p. A07. y Haz. Plains of Saskatchawan, abundant, to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Assinaboine River. Douglas. : 16. NEPETA. Z. 1. N. Cataria. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 406. Haz. Canada. Norway House on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. (Not indigenous ?) : 17. DRACOCEPHALUM. £. | 1. D. parviflorum (Nutt.) ; caule erecto ramoso pubescente, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis inciso-crenatis serratisve utrinque viridibus subtus pubescentibus, verticillastris capitato- spicatis, bracteis ovato-cuneatis aristato-dentatis, calycis dente supremo lato-ovato, corollis calycem vix excedentibus. Benth. l c. p. 496. 116 LABIATA. [ Stachys. Has. Saskatchawan River to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. D? d. Dougl Tris. SracHuvpEz. Benth. 18. PHYSOSTEGIA. Benth. Cal. obscure venosus post anthesin inflatus. Cor. longe exserta, fauce amplissima. Benth. 1. P. Virginiana, Benth.—Dracocephalum. L.—Bot, Mag. t. 467. Ph. Am. 2. p. 411.— D. speciosum. Sw. Br. Fl. Gard. 1. t. 93.—D. denticulatum. 4it.—Ph.—Bot. Mag. t. 214.—D. obovatum. Ell.—D. lancifolium. Moench.—D. variegatum. Vent. Cels. t. 44. Ph.—D. intermedium. Nutt.—f. floribus dense imbricatis. Physost. imbricata. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3386. : à Has. Canada.—f. Plains of Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Banks of the Columbia. Douglas. Tolmie.—A very variable plant. . : 19. LAMIUM. Z. l. L. amplexicaule. L.—E. Bot. t. 17. Ph. Am. 9. p. 406. Has. Canada (naturalized). Mrs Percival. 20. LEONURUS. Z. 1. L. Cardiaca. L.—E, Bot. t. 286, Ph. Am. 2. p. 408. Haz. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Norway House Fort. Drummond, (Not indigenous.) SE GALEOPSIS, L. l. G. Tetrahit. L.—E. Bot. t. 207. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Ha», Canada; Newfoundland; (introduced). 22. STACHYS. Z. 1. S. ciliata (Dougl.) ; herbacea erecta subglabra, caulis angulis obverse ciliatis, foliis petiolatis ovatis breviter acuminatis crenatis basi cordatis glabris v. supra pilis raris his- pidulis, verticillastris 6-floris supremis subapproximatis, bracteis subnullis, corollis gla- briusculis calyce triplo quadruplove longioribus, tubo longe exserto: Benth. l. c. p. 588. Has. Columbia ; and banks of other streams in N. W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Gairdner. 2. S. palustris, L.—E. Bot. t. 1615.—8. ambigua, foliis latioribus magis petiolatis.— S. ambigua. Æ. Bot. t. 2089. : t Has. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia and Walla-wallah Rivers, N. W. America. Douglas. Tolmie. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—P. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Norway House Fort. Drummond. _ 3. S. aspera. „Mich. Am. 2. p. 5. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Benth. 1. c. p. 543.—S. hispida. Mich. Am. 2. p. 5. Ph. Am. 2. p. 407. Verbena.] . —VERBENACEA. 117 Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Norway House Fort. dista, Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Wallamet, N.W. America. Tolmie.—I fear that, except by the coarser and more reflexed hairs at the angles of the stem, this is hardly to be distinguished from S. palustris, which is assuredly a very vari- able species, both in the form of the leaves and in the pubescence. The specimens from Wallamet are all over very hairy. 23. MARRUBIUM. Z. 1. M. vulgare. L.—E. Bot. t. 40. Ph. Am. 2. p. 408. Has. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. | Tri. Asucorwem. Benth. 24. TEUCRIUM. Z. 1. T. Canadense. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 403. Has. Canada; near Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. 25. TRICHOSTEMMA. Z. 1. T. dichotomum. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 414. Haz. Canada. Ph. 2. T. oblongum (Benth.) ; pubescens v. villosum, foliis oblongis basi angustatis, cymis axillaribus, calycibus subeequaliter 5-fidis, corollee tubo incluso. Benth. l. c. p. 657. Has. Low grassy pastures near Fort Vancouver. Douglas. 3. T. lanceolatum (Benth.); villosum, foliis lanceolatis, cymis axillaribus, calycibus ineequaliter 5-fidis, corollee tubo exserto. Benth. l. c. p. 658. Has. N.W. America. Dry sandy soils on the Multnomak and Columbia. Douglas. Orv. LXIX. VERBENACEZ. Juss. . VERBENA. L. 1. Y. bracteosa. Mich.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 416. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2910. Has. Menzies Island ; and banks of the Columbia. N. W. America. Douglas. Walla-wallah River. Tolmie. & 2. V. paniculata (Lam.); caule pu foliis SEET ovato-lanceolatis acutis inzequa- liter serratis subtus venoso-reticulatis, spicis filiformibus corymboso-paniculatis, floribus imbricatis. Lindl, Bot. Reg. t. 1102. Ph. Am. 2. p. 416. Haz. Low alluvial soils, N. W. Coast, abundant. Douglas. Fort Vancouver ; and Walla-wallah River. Tolmie. - Canada to the Saskétchawan: Dr Richardson. Dr d.—Scarcely, I fear, different from the following. - x PADEL 3. V. hastata. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 416. Haz, Canada to the Saskatehawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 118 PRIMULACEZ. ; LDodecatheon. 4. V. urticafolia. L.—Ph. Am, 2. p. 416. Haz, Canada to the Saskatchawan.— The broader leaves, and longer slender spikes, with lax flowers, dis- tinguish this from the two preceding. 2. PHRYMA. Z. 1. P. leptostachya, L.—Ph. Am. 9. p. 415. Haz. Canada. Pursh. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Percival. mw On». LXX. LENTIBULARUE. Richard. : 1 UTRICULARIA. ZL. 1. U. vulgaris. L.—E. Bot. t. 253. Ph. Am. 1. p. 15. Haz. Pools, Canada. Goldie. Lakes near the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Salmon River and higher parts of the Columbia, Douglas. 2. U. intermedia, Heyne.— E. Bot. t. 3489. Rich. App. p. 2. Har. Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to Bear Lake, Dr Richardson; and near the Rocky Mountains. Mr. Drummond. I possess the same plant gathered at Tewksbury, Massachusetts, by Mr Greene, marked “ U. Millefolium, Nutt. mst.” 3. -U. setacea (Mich.); minuta aphylla, caule tenui-setaceo distanter 2-3-floro, floribus. longiuscule pedicellatis, calcare longiusculo. Mich. Am. 1. p. 12.—M. subulata. Ph. Am. 1. p. 15. ; Has. Canada. P%.—Barren specimens, apparently of this species, were gathered by Mr Drummond near the Saskatchawan. 4. U. cornuta, Mich, Am. 1. p. 12. Ph. Am. 1. p. 16. Has. Canada. Michauz. Nuttall. Mrs Percival. Dr Todd. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. : 2. PINGUICULA. Z. 1. P. vulgaris. L.—E. Bot. t.'10. Richards. App. p. 2. Has. Woody and barren territories to Mackenzie's River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drum- mond, Labrador. Dr Morison. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. i 2. P. grandiflora. Sm. E. Bot. t. 2184. Has. Swamps, near Miete Rock in the Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. Bogs, Millbank Sound, N. W. America. Tolmie. On». LXXI. PRIMULACEA. Juss. 1. DODECATHEON. E. 1. D. integrifolium (Mich.) ; foliis integerrimis, umbellis plurifloris, pedunculis divari- catis, filamentis in tubum elongatum connatis.—z, vulgare ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis in ; E Douglasia.] l PRIMULACEJ. E petiolum sensim attenuatis, tubo stamineo flavo. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3622. Ph. Am. 1. p. 136. Rich. App. p. 6.—8. minus ; foliis ovato-spathulatis petiolatis, tubo stamineo flavo. —y. latifolium; foliis latissime ovatis petiolatis, tubo stamineo purpureo-nigro. Haz. æ. Woody country of the Hudson's Bay territories to Carlton House Fort, and in Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Common along the beach at Stikine Sound and Clarence's Straits, N. W. America. Zolmie.—£, and >. Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr Scouler. Dr Gairdner. Tolmie. Sitcha (Bongard) and N. W. American Islands. Pallas. 2. D. frigidum (Cham. et Schlecht.); foliis oblongo-ovatis integerrimis subrepandis, - umbellis paucifloris, pedunculis umbellatis divaricatis, bracteis lanceolatis, filamentis in : tubo brevissimo connatis. Linnea, 1. p. 217. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129. Has. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Arctic sea-shore. Sir John Franklin and Captain Bach. West side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas. 3. D. dentatum ; foliis lato-ovatis grosse dentatis longissime petiolatis, umbellis pauci- floris, pedunculis umbellatis suberectis, antheris sessilibus vel annulo brevissimo solum- modo unitis. Ze Han. N. W. interior (last journey). Douglas.— This appears a very distinct species, and to haye white flowers. 2. ANDROSACE. ZL. 1. A. septentrionalis. L.—Bot. Mag. t. 2021. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 217. .' Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129.—A. occidentalis? Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 118.— A. elongata. Rich. App. p. 5. (non L. and Jacq.) Haz. From Fort William on the Saskatchawan to the heights of the Rocky Mountains, and to lat. 68? on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Bay of Escholtz in Behring's Straits. Chamisso. Beechey.— An exceedingly variable plant, from 1 to 9 inches high, Leaves toothed, pinnatifid or entire. Peduncles with a single flower, or an úmbel either few- or many-flowered ; the pedicels short or elongated. In Dr Richardson’s A. elongata, the calycine teeth are much smaller than in the Linnean elongata (though certainly a little larger than is usual in septentrionalis); the involucre is much smaller and the peduncles more upright. : 2. A. Chamajasme. Wulff.— Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 318: Hook. et Arn. Bot. ‚of Beech. Voy. p. 129. Rich. App. p. 5. e Haz. Islands of Behring's Straits. Menzies. Chamisso. Cape Newenham (Velson in Herb. nostr.) and Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Heights of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond; and from Fort Norman to the Arctic coast. Dr Richardson. ` E À 3. DOUGLASIA. Lindl. : Cal. obconicus, angulatus, 5-dentatus. Cor. infundibularis, tubo ventricoso, limbo plano 5-partito, fauce callo lineari sub utroque sinn, Ovarium uniloculare, placenta cen- trali libera pedicellata fungilliformi, margine 5-dentato; ovula 5, dentibus placentee oppo- sita. Capsula vestita, unilocularis, 5-valvis. Semina 2, concava, scrobiculata.— Cespites suffruticulosi (Americe borealis), foliis linearibus indivisis, floribus umbellatis solitariisque. Lindl. ; K AR 120 PRIMULACEE. ——— [Primula. 1, D. nivalis (Lindl. in Brandes Journ. Jan. 1828, p. 383.) ; foliis pube brevissima stellata incana. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1886. Hook, Ic. Plant. t. 180. Haz. Nearthe sources of the Columbia, at an elevation of 12,000 feet above the level of the sea. Douglas. 1827.—Specimens were also gathered by Mr Douglas in his last journey, in another part of the interior ; but the locality is not mentioned. ` : 2. D. arctica ; glabra, foliis pilis brevibus simplicibus ciliatis. Has. Arctic Sea-shore, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. Dr Richardson.—This is pro- bably very rare, as only one specimen exists in the collection. It is quite distinct from the preceding, though agreeing exactly in habit, in the form of the leaves and flowers, and in the repeatedly dichotomous and densely tufted stems : thus confirming the interesting Genus, which, whether we consider its beauty or its localities, has so appropriately been dedicated to the talented and unfortunate Douglas. 4. PRIMULA. Z. 1. P. nivalis (Pall. 1t.£. 9. f:2.); foliis spathulato-lanceolatis planis dentatis glabris nudis, umbella multiflora erecta, involucri foliolis basi coadunatis.—Lehm. Prim. p. 67. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 215. Has. Behring’s Straits. Cape Newenham (Nelson); and Mount Edgecomb. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.). Unalaschka. Chamisso. ae 2. P. farinosa (L.); foliis cuneato-lanceolatis crenato-dentatis subtus dense farinosis, umbella multiflora, pedicellis patentibus, calyce oblongo-ovato, corolla: laciniis obcordatis attenuatis subdistantibus tubo subdimidio brevioribus. E. Bot. t. 6. Rich. App. p. 5» Han, Canada (Goldie) to the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) ; and to lat. 66° on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. 3. P. Scotica (Hook.) ; foliis obovato-lanceolatis denticulatis subtus dense farinosis, umbella subcapitata pluriflora, calyce ventricoso, corollze laciniis late obcordatis approxi- matis tubo subdimidio brevioribus. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 33. Brit. Fl, ed. 4. p. 94. Has. Labrador. Miss Brenton.— This lady has kindly communicated to me specimens of the Primula, now under consideration, from Labrador, precisely agreeing with our P. Scotica, which had hitherto only been found in the extreme northern parts of Scotland, and on the Alps of Koordistan (Fischer in Herb. nostr.). The whole plant is as mealy as P. farinosa : flowers deep purple-blue, in almost capitate umbels, with broader and more approximate segments to the corolla and more distinct glands at the mouth of the tube. ` 4. P. Hornemanniana (Lehm. Prim. p. 55. t. 4.) ; foliis obovato-spathulatis dentatis nudis vel cum scapo calycibusque ventricosis parce farinosis, umbella pauci-1-6-flora, corollee laciniis obovato-cuneatis tubo subdimidio brevioribus.— Rich. App. ed. 1. n. 58.— P. stricta. Horn. Fl. Dan. t. 1385.— P. Mistassinica. Mich, Am. 1. p. 124. Ph. Am. 1. p. 137. Lehm. Prim. p. 63. t. 1. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2013. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 213. — P. pusilla. Hook. in Ed. Phil. Journ. 6. p. 322. t. 11. f. 2. Ex. Fl. 1. t. 68. Bot. Mag. t. 3020. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 5.— P. farinosa, 6. stricta. Wahl. Lapp. p. 60.—P. farinosa. Sm. in Linn, Fl. Lapp. n. 19.—8. omnino efarinosa, calycibus nigricantibus. Haz, «. Canada( Dr Todd, Goldie, Mrs Sheppard, Mr -M*Nab) to Great Bear Lake (Dr Richatltson):: * Trientalis] ` PRIMULACER. | 121 and from Labrador (Dr Morison) in the East, to the Rocky Mountains (Drummond, Douglas) ; and the North-West Coast to Fort Vancouver (Mr Garry).—p. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Sir John Franklin. Captain Back.— A plant with so very extensive a range, may be expected to vary somewhat, as is really the case, in the outline of its leaves, the length of the pedicels, and the relative length and breadth of the lacini of the corolla and tube, - Its more usual form is so exactly that of the European P. Hornemanniana ( P. stricta, Horn.), that I can have no hesitation in considering it the same, and in adopting that name as the most appropriate. The arctic state of the plant, as found by Chamisso and Dr Richardson, in two very different localities, exhibits not the smallest traces of mealiness, and the calyces are almost black : the leaves too, in the specimens of Dr Richardson, are most frequently quite entire; those from Chamisso generally toothed. , BEL saxifragifolia (Lehm.); foliis obovato-cuneatis petiolatis serrato-lobatis, umbella 2-3-flora, calycibus profunde 5-partitis tubo triplo brevioribus, limbi laciniis semibifidis. . ‚Lehm. Prim. p. 89. t. 9. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 128. Has. Unalaschka. Menzies ( in Herb. nostr.). Chamisso. Cape Newenham. Nelson (in Herb. nostr.). Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—A very distinct and well-marked species. 6. P. Sibirica (Jacq.); foliis ovatis subovatisve tenui-petiolatis integerrimis v. obsolete dentatis, umbella pauciflora laxa, involucri 2-3-phylli foliolis auriculatis vaginantibus. Gmel. Sib. 4. p. 46. f. 1. Lehm. Prim. p. 60. t. 5. D Norvegica. Retz.—Lehm.—P. in- tegrifolia. Oed. Fl. Dan. t. 188. (non L.)—P. Finmarchica. Willd.— Wahl.—P. Egalic- censis. Horn, Fl. Dan. t. 1511. Lehm. Prim. p. 64. t. 7. E Has. Barren country between lat. 60° and 69°, in clayey soil, by river-banks and in marshy grounds. Dr Richardson.— This very distinct and well-marked species does not appear to have been found in the second expedition. I have carefully compared Dr Richardson's specimen with authentic ones of the European P. Norvegica, the Asiatic P. Sibirica, and the P. Egaliccensis from Hornemann himself, and there can be no question about the propriety of referring them all to one and the same species. P. rotundifolia, Pall. It., and P. intermedia, Ledeb. in Mém. de P Acad. des Sc. de Petersb., may also be cited as synonyms. 5. TRIENTALIS. Z. L T. Americana (Ph.); foliis terminalibus (reliquis abortivis squameeformibus) lan- ceolatis serrulatis petalisque acuminatis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 254. Rich. App. p. 12.—T. Europea. Mich, ;— var. Americana. Torr. . Has.. Canada to the Saskatchawan, frequent. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 2. T. latifolia ; foliis terminalibus (reliquis abortivis squameeformibus) ovatis integer- rimis petalisque vix acuminatis. Haz. N. W. America. About Fort Vancouver. Walla-wallah River. Zolmie.—I can neither refer this Western plant to our European Trientalis, nor to the one of Eastern America, The leaves are almost exactly ovate, slightly acuminated or rather acute, and in some of the specimens two inches broad. 3. T. arctica (Fisch. mst. in Herb, nostr.) ; caule folioso, foliis obovato-cuneatis inte- gerrimis petalisque obtusissimis.—T. Europæa. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 224. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 116. (excl. syn. E. Bot.) Has. Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits ( Tolmie), to Unalaschka. Langs- VOL. 11. Q 192 PRIMULACEE. [Samolus. dorff. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.).—The same plant is found at Kamtschatka by Pallas, Langsdorff, and Beechey.— The’ long leafy stem, and obovate very obtuse foliage, give a remarkable appearance to the plant; and I cannot but think that this very northern Trientalis is, like the preceding, a really distinct species. It has quite the habit of a Samolus. In all, the number of the parts of the flower varies from 6, which is most usual, to 7. In this and the preceding, the margins of the leaves are quite entire, in the T. Americana and Europea slightly (but when seen under a microscope distinctly) serrulated. ` 1 6. LYSIMACHIA, Z. l. L. stricta. Ait.—L. racemosa. Mich. Ph.—L. bulbifera. Curt. Mag. t. 104. Haz. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. . 2. L. revoluta (Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 122); caule tetragono ramoso, foliis oppositis sessilibus rigidis linearibus marginibus revolutis, pedunculis subterminalibus unifloris. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 212. Haz. Falls of Niagara (Vuttall and Torrey, in Herb. nostr.). Lake Huron. Goldie. Dr Todd.—1 have received the same plant from Dr Schweinitz from Pennsylvania, and from English gardens, as the L. angus- tifolia, Mich., but whether it be so or not I have no means of determining. The L, quadrifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 660 (L. longifolia, Ph.) much resembles it also. It is of a very dry and harsh character, and Dr Torrey not unaptly compares its aspect with, that of Hypericum galioides : but the foliage is larger and coarser. Young leaves frequently arising from the axils of the older ones, give them an appearance of being verticillate. 3. L. ciliata. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 210. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson; and on the N. W. Coast, on the Columbia, and at Puget's Sound. Dr Scouler. Douglas. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. 4. L. hybrida. Mich.—Ph. Am. 1. p, 135. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 75. Has. Canada. Dr Holmes. Except in the much narrower leaves, this does not differ from the pre- ceding. 5. L. thyrsiflora. L.—E. Bot. t. 116. Mich.—L. capitata. Ph. Am. 1. p. 135. Haz. From Lake Huron to the Mackenzie River, Dr Richardson. Plentiful near Spokan and Flat- head Rivers of the Columbia. Douglas. : 7. GLAUX. L. 1. G. maritima, L.—E. Bot. t. 13. Ph, Am. 1. p. 116. Has. Marshes near the sea, Canada, Pursh. Murray Bay. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Dr Morison. West Coast, north of the Columbia. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Salt marshes in the plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. | 8. SAMOLUS. ZL. 1. S. Valerandi. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 158. Haz. Canada. Pursh. In all moist grounds, near springs and streams, from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Douglas. Mount Edgecomb, N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. Plantago.] PLANTAGINEZ. . : k 123 Orv. LXXII. PLUMBAGINEÆ. Juss. 1. STATICE. Z. 1. S. Armeria. L.—E. Bot. t. 226. Ph. Am. 1. p. 212. Has. Sea-shores, probably in every latitude : on the extreme Arctic Coasts and Islands; and in Labrador, Newfoundland, and N. W. America ; and the barren country of the interior, 2. S. Caroliniana. Walt.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 212. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton; and probably elsewhere on the South-eastern Sea-shores. —Scarcely - different from the European S. Limonium, to which Sprengel refers it. Or». LXXIII. PLANTAGINEZE. Juss. 1. PLANTAGO. Z. l. P. major. L.—E. Bot. t. 1558. Ph. Am. 1. p. 98. Rich. App. p. 4.—8. foliis ovalibus longe petiolatis subintegerrimis. Has. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to lat. 689. Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr Morison. Sitcha. Bongard.—f. Fort Vancouver and Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. —It is perhaps a var. of this that Pursh mistook for the P. cucullata, Lam. (P. maxima, Jacq. Ie. 1. t. 26.) 2. P. cordata (Lam.); foliis cordatis longe petiolatis sinuato-dentatis glabris, spica elorigata laxiflora, capsula subrotundo-ovata biloculari loculis dispermis. PA. 4m. l. p. 182.— P. Kentuckensis, Mich. Has. Canada. Ph. 3. P. lanceolata. L.—E. Bot. t. 507. Ph. Am. p. 98. Rich. App. p. 4.—f. spica-cylin- drica 1-2-pollicari.—;. latifolia; foliis latioribus siccitate magis viridibus, spica elongata 3-5-pollicari: Haz. 8. Fort Norman to Arctic Sea-shore. Dr Richardson. N. W. Coast. Menzies.—y. Plains of the Saskatchawan, Athabasca, and Red Rivers. Dr Richardson. Douglas. Dr d.—Besides the var. discovered by Dr Richardson, in the first journey, with the spike more cylindrical, and the bracteas perhaps generally obtuser, another and more remarkable variety, as 1 consider it, was found in the second journey, in the vicinity of the Saskatchawan, with broader leaves, of a pale green colour when dry, and with the spike generally 4-5 inches long. In other particulars the plants agree with the European P. lanceolata. 4. P. macrocarpa (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. p. 106); foliis longe lanceolatis erectis basi in petiolum latissimum attenuatis, spica elongata cylindrica laxiflora, capsula maxima biloculari disperma integra decidente. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 42. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard. Stikine, N. W. Coast, lat. 56? 30”. Folmie.— A very remarkable plant, with singularly large capsules, in their ripest state, showing no disposition to dehiscence. Leaves a foot or more long, a little shorter than the scape. 5. P. maritima. L.—E. Bot. t. 115. Ph. Am. 1. p. 99.—var. foliis pauci-dentatis. 124. - NYCTAGINEJE. : [ Abronia. Haz. Point Levy, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morison. N. W. Coast, and from the Columbia to Unalaschka. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Chamisso. Bongard.—f. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—The remote but large and strong teeth in our var. bring the state of the plant near P. Coronopus, of which it may be a var. tg 6. P. pauciflora (Ph. Am. 1. p. 99); foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis glabriusculis, scapo tereti foliis breviore, spica pauciflora interrupta, bracteis ovatis acutis glabris.— P. elongata. Ph. Suppl. 11. p. 729 (according to Nutt.). Haz. Labrador (Ph.);—but 1 have great doubts about this plant. The original P. elongata, gathered by Bradbruy in Upper Louisiana, which Nuttall pronounces to be the same with P. pauciflora, is identical with pusilla, which 1 have never seen from British N. America, and 1 should think is a very unlikely inhabitant of Labrador. 7. P. gnaphalioides (Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 100); tota longe sericeo-villosa, foliis lineari- lanceolatis acutissimis, spica elongata cylindrica densiflora, staminibus inclusis, capsula biloculari disperma.— P. Lagopus. Ph. (non Linn.) —8. bracteis longissimis spinulosis.— P. aristata. Mz. Ha». N. W. America. Menzies (in Herb. nostr. Common on the barren plains of the Columbia. Douglas.—The Columbia is probably the northern limit of this fine species. It is an inhabitant of the Southern United States. Mr Nuttall gathered it in Arkansa ; Mr Drummond at San Felipe in Texas (Coll. IIL. n. 354) ; and the var. aristata in the same place (Coll. III. n. 353). Mr Nuttall has proved that the P. aristata is only an accidental var. of his P. gnaphalioides. ; SuscL. IV. MONOCHLAMYDEZE. Div. 1. Flores plerumque hermaphroditi. Oro. LXXIV. NYCTAGINEJE. Juss. 1. OXYBAPHUS, Z Hérit. Cal. 5-fidus, campanulatus. Cor. infundibuliformis. Nua pentagona, monosperma, calyce explanato persistente circumdata. - 1. O. hirsutus; caule erecto subsimplici inferne præcipue pilis longis densissimis arti- culatis hispido, foliis sessilibus ovatis angulato-dentatis parce hirsutis, calycibus pubes- centi-tomentosis.—Allionia hirsuta. Ph. Am. 2. p. 128. Has. About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Bradbury (from whom there is an authentic specimen in my herbarium) discovered this plant in Upper Louisiana. The present inhabits a much more northern station, the most northerly perhaps of any of the genus ; of which the species are more frequent in the south. 2. ABRONIA. Juss. (Tarerarus. L'Hérit.) ce Involucr. multiflorum, polyphyllum. Cor. infundibuliformis basi ventricosa persistens. Stam. 5, filamenta basi in urceolum parvum coalita, Nucula pentagona. . Corispermum.] CHENOPODEE. 125 1. A. mellifera; magis minusve viscida, foliis ovatis petiolatis subsinuatis, floribus: glabris, perianthii limbo undulato (luteo-albo). Dougl. in Bot. "een t. 2879,—A, Men- ziesii et vespertina. Dougl. mst. Has. Sandy barrens of the interior about the Great Falls of the Columbia, Mount Hood, and the junction of Lewis and Clarke’s Rivers, and interior of N. California. Douglas. Moist banks of the Walla-wallah River, very frequent. Tolmie.—A particularly variable plant, perhaps too nearly allied to the following, with which it agrees in the colour of the flowers, but differs in the foliage; this latter again exactly resembles that of A. umbellata (Ex. Fl. t. 194), differing little but i in the yellowish-white and downy, not red and glabrous, flowers. 2. A. arenaria (Menz.); viscidissima, subhirsuta, foliis cordatis seu rhombeo-cordatis integerrimis, floribus pubescentibus, perianthii limbo undulato. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 193. Haz. Sandy sea-shore, N. W. America (last journey). Douglas. Mr Menzies was the first to discover this plant in California. Orv. LXXV. AMARANTHACEZE Juss, 1. AMARANTHUS. Z. E ee L.— Willd. Amaranth. p. 32. t. 32. f.2. Ph. Am. 1. p. 207. Ha». Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr Todd. Dr Richardson. Columbia. Dr Scouler. 2. A. albus. L.—Willd. Amaranth. p. 9. PE J. 2. Ph. Am. 1. p. 206, Has. A weed in the garden at Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. Drummond, Menzies’ Island in the Columbia. Douglas. Or. LXXVI. CHENOPODEZE. Juss. 1. SALICORNIA. Z. 1. S. herbacea. L.—e. caule erecto, S. annua. E. Bot. t. 415. Ph. Am. 1. p. 2. Haz. Salt marshes in the plains of the Saskatchawan. 2. S. radicans. Sm. E. Bot. t. 1691. et t. 2467. (S. fruticosa, —not of Linn.) Haz. Straits of De Fuca, N. W. America. Dr couler. 2. CORISPERMUM. Z. Flores hermaphroditi ebracteati. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Squamula hypogyna inter caulem et germen, v. 0. Stam. 1-5. Stigmata 2. Caryopsis compressa, verticalis. Albumen centrale, Embryo periphericus, dicotyledoneus. Radicula basilaris, descendens.— Herba annue, ramose, lanuginose ; foliis angustis planis integerrimis sessilibus alternis ; floribus axillaribus sessilibus, solitariis ; caryopse elliptica compressa, uno latere plana, altero con- vexa marginata. Ledeb. 1. C. hyssopifolium (Stev.); foliis caulinis floralibusque submucronulatis uninerviis, 126 CHENOPODEE. [ Chenopodium. floribus squamula hypogyna auctis, caryopse glabra alato-marginata rostellata. Ledeb. Fl, Alt. 1. p. 10. Pall, Fl. Ross. 2. p. 112. t. 98. f. A. Ph, Am. 1. p. 4.—2. gracile. B. robus- tius. à. rubricaule. i sai Has. z. Sandy banks of the Saskatchawan and Athabasca and: Red Rivers. Drummond. Douglas.— £. Same situations on the Athabasca (Drummond), and on the Columbia (Douglas).—3. Great Slave Lake. Dr Richardson.—A very variable species, as is the European plant of the same name. Our var. æ., which is considerably hairy, would include the C. canescens of Kitaibel, and the C. pilosum, Pall., is probably scarcely different from it; whilst var. 2. is the same as C. Redowshii Fisch. (in Herb. Hook.), and C. Aysso- pifolium, var., Requien (in Herb. Hook.) ; and var. y. is the C. nitidum, Kit. (in Herb. Hook.). 3. EUROTIA. Adans. Flores monoici ebracteati. Masc. Cal. 4-sepalus, inappendiculatus. Cor. et squamule Aypogyne nulle. Stam. 4. receptaculo inserta. Fam. Cal. tubulosus semibifidus, villo densissimo involutus, demum bicornis. Cor. et squamule hypogyne 0. Stigmata 2, basi connata. — Ufriculus compressus, herbaceus. Semen verticale, integumentis tenuibus. Radicula descendens.—Fruticulus erectus, pube stellata vestitus. Folia sparsa petiolata, membranacea, oblonga. Flores glomerato-spicati, terminales et laterales. Ledeb. 1. E. ceratoides. Ledeb. Fl. Alt, 4. p. 239.—Diotis. Willd. — Ceratospermum papposum. Pers.— Axyris ceratoides. L.—Axyris fruticosa, &c. Gmel. Sib. 3. t. 11. f. 1.— Kras- cheninnikovia ceratoides. Guildenst. in. Nov. Com. Petrop. 16. t. 17. f. 1-6 et f. 13.— Diotis lanata. PA. Am. 2. p. 602. Ha». Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Pursh distinguished this from the European E. ceratoides, by its long woolly tomentum : but in this particular there is really no difference. The leaves are generally narrower in the American plant, but both these characters are variable. 4, BLITUM. L., 1. B. capitatum. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 4. Haz. Lake Huron and various parts of Canada, to Hudson's Bay and Great Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. 2. B. chenopodioides (Nutt.); foliis hastatis subdentatis basi attenuatis, glomerulis axillaribus bracteatis, seminibus punctatis non baccatis. Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 4. Haz. Carlton House upon the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—A curious and very distinct annual, with small leaves and flowers, first detected by Nuttall on dry soils near the banks of the Missouri. Flowers in small axillary glomeruli, each flower consisting of one stamen and one pistil, with a punctato-reticulated ovary ; its deeply bipartite style is subtended by a membranaceous reticulated oblong bractea. Perianth 0. 5. CHENOPODIUM. Z. J. C. maritimum? L.—E. Bot. t. 633. Ph. Am. 1. p. 198. Has. Arctic sea-coast, Dr Richardson.—1 am uncertain about this species. It is scarcely an inch long, procumbent, very slender, with 4 to 6 or 8 leaves. Flowers axillary and clustered. 2. C. calceoliforme; annuum erectum alternatim ramosum glaberrimum, foliis lineari- subulatis carnosis supra planis, floribus glomeratis in spicam foliosam seu bracteatam Chenopodium.] CHENOPODEA, ; 127 dispositis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis EECH sepalis 4-5 carnosis calceoliformibus acutis. Haz. About Carlton House Fort. Drummond.—Eight to ten inches high, with copious spiniform branches, 7 Flowers small: each sepal is slipper-shaped, thick and Zeche, 3. C. album. L.—E. Bot. t. 1123. Ph. Am. 1. p. 198.—£. viride. C. viride. Curt. —C. ficifolium. E. Bot. t. 1724. Has, From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains, and to Bear Lake. Dr Rich- ardson. Columbia, near old camps. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—Extremely variable in size and ramification, and in the shape of its leaves. 4. C. rubrum. L.—E. Bot. t. 1721. Haz. About the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr Morison. Straits of De Fuca, N. W. C. Dr Scouler.— These specimens quite agree with the figure iu E. Bot. Seeds very small, 5. C. glaucum. L.—E. Bot. t. 1454. Has. Cumberland House Fort and garden at Edmonton House, and to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Dr Richardson. 6. C. urbicum. L. 2— E. Bot. t. 111. —C. intermedium. Mert. et Koch. Haz. Lake Huron, Lake Winipeg, and plains of Red River and Saskatchawan, to the Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—This I have received from the American botanists as C. hybridum: but that species has a more panicled inflorescence, with divaricating branches. The present exactly accords with the E. Bot. C. hybridum. 7. C. humile; parvum ramosum decumbens, foliis inferioribus ovato-spathulatis supe- . rioribus oblongis vel linearibus omnibus integerrimis petiolatis, floribus axillaribus glomeratis, glomerulis globosis. Has. Marshes of the Saskatchawan.— This is a small spreading plant, scarcely more than three inches in diameter, glabrous, turning almost black in drying. Glomeruli of flowers about as large as a small pea, very compact, and arising from the axil of almost every leaf. 8. C.? zosterafolium ; ramis copiosis plerumque oppositis divaricatis, foliis sepe op- positis linearibus integerrimis, floribus glomerato-spicatis axillaribus terminalibusque, spicis subfoliosis. —£. foliis lineari-oblongis. ` Haz. N. W. C. of America. Menzies. Columbia and Straits of De Fuca, (in salt marshes ?) Dr Scouler. —A very singular-looking plant, with flowers so much injured by pressure that they cannot be satisfactorily examined. Branches generally opposite, and decussate, reddish, the midrib of the same colour. Leaves mostly opposite also, 3-4 inches long, and scarcely a line wide in æ., broader and shorter in £.; all quite entire. It may possibly be an Atriplex; and perhaps a luxuriant state of A. Gmelini. 9. C.? spinosum ; fruticosum, ramis Hee gu foliis fasciculatis obovatis carnosis subsessilibus, floribus polygamis ? Ha». Interior of North California. Douglas. 1826.— The specimens are very imperfect. The plant | is evidently shrubby and spiny, clothed with pale-coloured, glabrous bark. Leaves scarcely half an inch long. There are a few terminal flowers, exactly like the male flowers of an Atriplex, or Chenopodium with an abortive pistil. 128 PHYTOLACCEX. . — [Phytolacca. ATRIPLEX. Z. 1. A. canescens (Nutt.); dioica diffusa argenteo-furfuracea, foliis oblongis obtusis inte- gerrimis basi attenuatis, masc. florum glomerulis spicatis axillaribus terminalibusque, foem. glomerulis paucifloris axillaribus sessilibus quorum sepalis dorso spinoso-cristatis.— Nutt. Gen. Am. 1, p. 197.—Calligonum canescens. Ph. Am, 2. p. 370. Has. Salt marshes of the Saskatchawan and of Slave River. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—First detected by Lewis on saline hills of the Missouri. Goats are said to be very fond of it. It has been culti- vated in the Belfast Botanical Garden from seeds brought home by Mr Drummond. 2. A. patula. L.—E. Bot. t. 936.— var. foliis magis argenteo-furfuraceis. Has, Banks of the Walla-wallah, and in the valleys of the Blue Mountains, N. W. America. Douglas. 3. A. littoralis. L.—E, Bot. t. 108. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 199. Haz. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. 4. A. angustifolia. Sm. E. Bot. t. 1174. Cham. in Linnea, v. 6. p. 569. Haz. Bay of Escholtz. Chamisso. Saline marshes of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.— Perhaps merely a var. of the preceding, having the leaves exceedingly variable. 5. A. Gmelini (Meyer); annuum erectum viride, foliis oblongo-linearibus subinte- gerrimis, calycibus foemineis herbaceis bipartitis ovato-rhombeis acutis integerrimis disco levibus. Bong. Veg. de Sitcha. p. 49. Gmel. Sib. 3. p. 12. t. 14. f. 2. Haz. Sitcha and Kotzebue's Sound, Bongard.— A very dubious species, and the specimens which have been kindly sent me by M. Bongard seem to be identical with those of Chamisso, which the latter author describes as var. obtusa nana of A. angustifolia, from the Bay of Escholtz. : BATIS. ZL. 1. B.? vermiculata; fruticosa ramosissima, foliis alternis elongatis linearibus teretibus carnosis, amentis masculinis terminalibus, squamis cuspidatis. Has. Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia, and particularly near salt marshes. Douglas. — Four to six feet high. A very remarkable shrub, of which the male catkins alone appear to have been found. These are rather more than half an inch long, clothed with peltate, pedicelled angular scales, of which the upper angle is elongated into a mucro, and beneath which are 3? or 4? sessile 2-celled anthers. The leaves ure an inch to an inch and a half long, slender, fleshy and vermicular. Orv. LXXVII. PHYTOLACCEJE. Br. 1. PHYTOLACCA. Z. L P. decandra. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 931. Ph. Am. 1. p. 324. = Has. Lake Huron. Dr Todd.—Of this, the Poke-weed, the young sprouts are, in the United States, eaten like Asparagus, z Rumez.] POLYGONEE. 129 Ka Oz». LXXVIII. POLYGONEA, Juss. 1. KONIGIA. Z. l. K. Islandica. L.—Fl. Dan. t. 418. Haz. Moist mountains N. of the Smoking River. Drummond. Bay of Escholtz. Chamisso. 2. OXYRIA. Br. 1. O. reniformis. Hook.—Rumex digynus. E. Bot. t. 910. Ph. Am. 1. p. 248. Has. Common in the Rocky Mountains and on the Arctic Sea-shores. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Capt. Sir E. Parry. Labrador. Dr Morison. Sitcha. Bongard. Unalaschka. Chamisso. 3. RUMEX. Z. 1. R. Acetosa. L.—E. Bot. t. 127. Haz. Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. “ Assuredly wild in Canada," Mrs Percival ; and Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. (Naturalized ?) 2. R. Acetosella. L.—E. Bot. t. 1674. Haz. Canada. Dr Todd, Mrs Sheppard; to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Gravelly soils, N, W. America. Douglas.. Dr Scouler. Newfoundland. Dr Morison. Mr Cormack. (Probably introduced from Europe.) 3. R. crispus. L.—E. Bot. t. 1998. Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Percival. 5. R. domesticus (Hartm.); foliis inferioribus e basi subcordata v. ovata oblongis, caulinis lanceolatis undulato-crispis subtus scabridis, verticillis subaphyllis congestis, sepalis int. demum cordatis v. suborbiculari-cordatis obtusiusculis integerrimis crenu- latisve omnibus nudis. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, v. 3. p. 60. Reichenb. Iconogr. Bot. t. 345 (excellent). Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 43. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129.— R. aquaticus, 8. JVaAl. —8. nanus, purpurascens. Han. Marshes of the Saskatchawan, to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—f. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Unalaschka. Chamissó. Sitcha. Bongard. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—This quite agrees with my European specimens of the species from- Podolia, with others from Greenland, and with the figure of Reichenbach. _ Dr Richardson's specimens are very dwarf, about a span high, and much tinged with purple. . _ 6€. R. salicifolius (Weinm.) ; foliis caulinis lanceolatis acuminatis planiusculis, verticillis infimis foliolosis reliquis aphyllis approximatis, floribus diclinis monoicis, sepalis int. demum oblongo-ovatis obtusiusculis integerrimis, 1 (vel 2) granulifero.—ß. sepalis int. demum omnibus granuliferis, Bot. Zeit. 1821. p. 28. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 3. p. 60. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 43. Hook. et Arn. in Bot, Beech. Voy. p. 157.—S. verti- cillatus. Rich, App. p. 11. (viz L.) —R. pallidus. Bigel. (in Herb. nostr.) Has. Lake Winipeg, to Great Bear Lake and Mackenzie River. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. Sitcha. Bongard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—1 believe the true R. verticillatus to be an inhabitant only of the VOL. II. ; R 130 POLYGONEE. [Polygonum, more southern parts of N. America. The present seems to vary considerably in the presence or absence of the large grain on one or more of the valves. But the species is certainly very widely dispersed in British N. America. 7. R. acutus. L.—E. Bot. t. 124. Rich. App. p. 11. Has. Woody country. Dr Richardson. 8. R. sanguineus. L.—E. Bot. t. 1533. Ph. Am. 1. p. 247.—f. foliis omnino viridibus. R. viridis. Sibth.—R. Nemolapathum. Ehrh. Has. Barren country beyond lat. 64°. Dr Richardson.—f. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 9. R. persicarioides. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 248. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 158. —an R. maritimus. Z.? E. Bot. t. 125. ` Has. Plains of Saskatchawan to the mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast, frequent. Douglas. Hud- son's Bay. Di d. Dougl Dr Arnott and myself have expressed our fears, in the place above quoted, when speaking of this as a Californian plant, that it was not really distinet from our R. maritimus. - It has a most extensive range. ~ We possess it from China, and from Port George in Patagonia. Sometimes the teeth of the enlarged sepals are shorter, and then the species appears to pass into R. palustris, Sm. 10. R. venosus (Ph.); caule dichotomo, foliis subcoriaceis ovato-lanceolatis valde acutis petiolatis parallelo-venosis, floribus hermaphroditis, sepalis int. demum reniformi-cordatis reticulatis maximis integerrimis nudis. (Tas. CLXXIV.)—Ph. Am. 2. p. 133. Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 240. S Haz. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Common throughout the barren grounds of the Columbia to the source of Lewis and Clarke's River. Douglas.—A very fine and most dis- tinct specles, first discovered by Mr Bradbury in Upper Louisiana. The enlarged inner sepals are often the size of a shilling. : Tas. CLXXIV. Rowrx venosus. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Fruits: nat. size ;—f. 3, Single fruit: —mag- nified. : 3. POLYGONUM. Z. $ 1. BisrongTA. 1. P. Bistorta. L.—E. Bot. t. 509. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnea, 3. p. 37.—P. ellip- ticum, Willd. Herb, Spreng.—P. bistortoides. Ph. Am. 1. p. 271. Haz. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. N. W. Interior. Douglas (last journey).—Our specimens seem almost intermediate between the present and following species. They have no bulbs on the spike or raceme; in the Arctic individuals (4-5 inches high) the flowers are purple, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, glaucous beneath. In the specimen from Douglas, the flowers appear to be white, the lowest leaves even are broadly lanceolate, tapering at the base, and of nearly the same colour on both sides. ` In both, the Taceme is elliptical. _ : 9. P. viviparum. L.— E. Bot. t. 669. Ph. Am. 1. p. 271. Cham. et Schlecht, 3. p. 88. Rich. App. p. 43. Has. Lower Canada (Ph.), to the Arctic sea-coast and islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry, &c. Swampy ground in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morison. Miss Brenton, N.W. America, Observatory Inlet (Dr Scouler), to Behring’s Straits. Chamisso. j Polygonum.) POLYGONE. 131 $ 2. AcHINOGONON. 3. P. alpinum (All. Ped. t. 68. f. 1.) floribus majusculis albis demum roseis purpureisve, achenio calyce tecto faciebus ovato-rhomboideis levibus, paniculis ramosis, foliis lanceo- latis acuminatis breviter petiolatis minute pubescentibus margine ciliatis, ochreis pilosis, caule erecto glabriusculo ramoso, ramis. adscendentibus. Meisn. Polyg. p. 56. t. 3. G. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 3. p. 38.—0. foliis ovato-acuminatis subtus pubescenti- fuscis. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 129.—y. foliis ovato-acuminatis glaber- rimis. Haz. 6. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beechey.—y. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. $ 3. FacoPYRUM. 4, P. Fagopyrum. L.—E. Bot.t. 1044, Meisn. Polyg. p. 61. Ph. Am. 1. p. 213. Haz. New Brunswick. Lieut. Kendal. (Probably introduced.) $ 4. TENIARIA. 5. P. Convolvulus. L.—E. Bot. t. 941. Ph. Am. 1. p. 273. Has. Canada (Mrs Sheppard), to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 6. P. cilinode (Mich. Am, 1. p. 241); perenne, calyce non alato, floribus parvulis patulis, achenio calyce abscondito faciebus ellipticis utriusque attenuatis leevibus nitidis angulis acutis, racemulis parvis subpaniculatis, ochreis basi serie ciliorum paullo deflexo- rum coronatis, foliis margine ciliatis petiolisque retroflexis, caule ascendente scandente. Meisn. Polyg. p. 63. t. 5. f. 18—20. Has. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd), throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 7. P. sagittatum (L.); floribus 6-8-andris, achenio acuminato faciebus tenerrime punctato-striatis, pedunculis communibus plerumque geminatis, foliis sagittato-oblongis, nervo dorsali petiolis ochrearum basi angulisque caulis retrorsum aculeatis, ochreis cylin- draceis truncatis, caule prostrato aut ascendente. Meisn. Polyg. p. 65.—£. boreale ; foliis petiolatis debilibus margine non cartilagineo-ciliatis, ciliis apicem spectantibus, ochreis laceris margine truncato nudis, capitulis parvis sphericis. Meisn. l. e. Ph. Am. 1. p. 241. Gmel. Sib. 3. p. 65. t. 13. f 2. Haz. 2. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. $ 5. PERSICARIA, 8. P. amphibium. L.—E. Bot. t. 436.—P. coccineum. Ph, Am.1. p. 271.—«, natans ; glabrum, caule natante demerso radicante, foliis ovato-ellipticis spicisque brevibus obtusis. Meisn. l. c. p. 67.—P. coccineum, aquaticum. Ph. Am. 1. p. 271.—8. terrestre ; majus, caule ascendente, foliis pilis brevibus scabris ovato-lanceolatis spicisque elongatis acumina- tis. Meisn. 1. c. p. 67.—P. coccineum, terrestre. Ph. Am, 1. p. 211. $ * È » a. 132 POLYGONEZ. [ Polygonum. Haz. e. Canada. Pursh; Mrs Percival; to the Saskatchawan and Great Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—f. Marshy places of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. America, about Fort Vancouver and Walla-wallah, Tolmie; and Straits of De Fuca. Dr Scouler. 9. P. Persicaria (L.); annuum, floribus 6-aut 8-andris, di-aut-trigynis, achenio lenti- culari aut triquetro calyce abscondito angulis obtusis faciebus levibus, calyce 4-aut 5-partito, spicis ovato-oblongis s. sublinearibus, bracteis turbinato-infundibuliformibus parvis, ochreis truncatis, foliis lanceolatis petiolatis seepe macula atra semilunari v. triangulari medio notatis. Meisn. Polyg. p. 68.—P. Pennsylvanicum. L.?— 8. lapathi- Jolium. L.—E, Bot. t. 1382.—y. minus; spicis angustioribus. Haz, æ. Lake Huron, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond..—a. and B. N. W. C. of America. Douglas. Tolmie.—y. Saskatchawan to Great Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. 10. P. Hydropiper. L.— E. Bot. t. 989. Ph. Am. 1. p. 238. D Mite. Ell. —P. hydro- piperoides. Mz. ^ Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 11. P. Virginianum (L.); perenne, floribus 5-andris digynis, calyce 4-partito, achenio pyriformi compresso majusculo lævi, spicis virgatis subsimplicibus longis, ochreis brac- teisque truncatis ciliatis angustis, foliis ovatis acuminatis cauleque erecto hirsutis. Meisn. Polyg. p. 81. Ph. Am. 1. p. 270. . Haz. Canada. (Ph.) Dr Holmes. as $ 6. AvicULARIA. 12. P. aviculare. L.— E. Bot. t. 1252. Ph. Am. 1. p. 269. Haz. Throughout Canada, to lat. 65°, frequently with larger foliage and more erect stems. (P. erectum, Willd.) Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morison. Miss Brenton. Sitcha. Bongard (sub nom. P. buzifolii, Nutt.). N. W. America. Douglas. Tolmie.—A most variable plant, from two inches to a foot or more in height or length, for the stems are sometimes erect, sometimes procumbent. Leaves from 2 or 3 lines to 2 inches long. Nuttall says his P. buzifolium (P. avic. latifol. Mx.) has 5 stamens, not 8, as is usual, 13. P. Paronychia (Cham.); suffruticosum, inflorescentia dense capitata, floribus axillaribus in apicibus confertis-magnis 8-andris, stylo germinis longitudine, stigmatibus 3 filiformibus brevibus, achenio lanceolato triquetro lzvi, foliis lineari-lanceolatis margine revolutis, nervo subtus prominente canaliculato utrinsecus hirto, ochreis basi vaginantibus longitudine foliorum. Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 3. p. 52. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 158.— P. confertiflorum. Dougl. mst. Haz. N. W. America, in the sand of the sea-shore from California ( Chamisso, Beechey), to the Straits of De Fuca, Mr Menzies. Douglas.— A remarkably fine and very distinct species, discovered by Menzies during the voyage of Captain Vancouver. Flowers forming a large dense capitate spike.— The same, or a very nearly allied species, was found by Mr Drummond at Apalachicola in West Florida. 14. P. tenue (Mich.); floribus axillaribus sessilibus solitariis majusculis, achenio acutangulo faciebus ovatis medio sublsevibus nitidis versus angulos punctato-rugulosis, ochreis capillaribus deciduis, foliis lineari-filiformibus acutissimis (superioribus floriferis Eriogonum.] a - POLYGONEZ. 133 sensim minoribus bracteiformibus), caule herbaceo erecto dichotomo, ramis elongatis spiciformibus. Meisn. Polyg. p. 91. Ph. Am. 1. p. 270.—P. filiforme. Bart.—P. lini- folium. Muhl.—Spreng. Has. Canada. (Ph.) Sandy banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. North W. America. Douglas. Walla-w allah River, where the small annual root is eaten by the natives.—6 inches to a foot high, stiff and wiry. 15. P. coarctatum (Dougl. mst.); annuum dichotomum erectum v. diffusum, foliis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis marginibus revolutis, ochreis basi vaginantibus folio brevioribus, floribus trigynis axillaribus in foliis superioribus coarctatis, achenio ovato-trigono minutissime punctato.— P. lineare. Menz, mst,—a«. floribus folio brevioribus. —f. floribus folio longioribus. Haz. N. W. America. Menzies. Dr Scouler. On the sandy barrens of the Columbia and its branches, and on the higher branches of the Multnomak. Douglas.—f. Prairies at Nusqually Bay, N. W. America. Tolmie.—This seems a very distinct species of the “ Avicularia” section, and to be wholly confined to the Pacific side of America. Stems from 3 inches to a foot long, slender and wiry. ye - $7. POLYGONELLA. Nutt. 16. P. articulatum (Willd.); erectum ramosum rigidum 8-andrum trigynum, foliis parvis linearibus, ochreis truncatis, pedunculis terminalibus racemosis articulatis, bracteis - ochreiformibus, floribus nutantibus 5-sepalis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 272. Haz. Canada. (Ph.) About the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—A very remarkable species, which Meisner, as well as Michaux, seem to think should form a distinct genus. 5. ERIOGONUM. Mich. x Involucrum tubulosum, campanulatum vel cyathiforme, vix angulatum, subzequaliter -6-dentatum, multiflorum. ` Receptaculum bracteolis intra pedicellos instructum. Peri- anthia exserta, profunde 6-fida. Benth. in Linn. Trans. v. Vt. p. 407, g 1 $ 1. UmbeLLATA, Benth. 1. E. spherocephalum (Dougl. mst.); caule ramoso folioso, foliis fasciculatis verticilla- tisve oblongis basi angulatis subtus albo-lanatis, pedunculis subsimplicibus, involucro sub- solitario late campanulato tomentoso multifloro, perianthiis extus sericeo-pilosis. (Tas. CLXXV.)—Benth. l. c. p. 407. Haz. Common on the Columbia River, on rocks of the ** Stony Islands,” and Priest's Rapid. Douglas. —A small shrub, with leafy branches, and capitate umbels of yellow flowers. Tas. CLXXV. EnI0GONUM SPHAROCEPHALUM. Fig. 1, Involucre with flowers; f. 2, aue J. » Pistil : :— magnified. ; 2. Bs flavum: (Nutt. in Fras. Cat.); foliis ad beo caulis approximatis gf obovatis oblongisve subtus vel utrinque albo-lanatis, pedunculo apice breviter umbellato, - involucris ad apices radiorum solitariis late campanulatis lanatis multifloris, perianthiis ~ sericeo-villosis. Benth. l. c. p. 408.—E. sericeum. Ph, Am. 1. p. 277. P » 134 POLYGONEE. [Eriogonum. Has. Summits of the Blue Mountains. Douglas.—Leaves all radical, as they mostly are in the eight fol- lowing species, densely woolly beneath. Scapes a span or more high. Heads of flowers in dense yellow umbels, with short rays. 3. E. crassifolium (Benth.); caule brevissimo incrassato vaginis foliorum villosissimis obtecto, foliis radicalibus petiolatis oblongis basi longe angustatis crassis supra tomentoso- pubescentibus subtus albo-lanatis, scapo apice breviter umbellato, involucris sessilibus vel ad apices radiorum solitariis campanulatis lanatis multifloris, perianthiis sericeo-villosis. (Tas. CLXXVI.)— Benth. l. c. p. 408. Haz. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. —A beautiful and very distinct species, with a long thick tap root, very woolly at the neck among the leaves. Umbels more or less lax or compact. Flowers yellow. Tas. CLXXVI. Eni0coNuM CRASSIFOLIUM. Fig. 1, Involucre with flowers; f. 2, Single flower ; f. 3, Pistil :—magnified. 4. E. cespitosum (Nutt. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1. p. 50.1.8. f. 2.); caule brevissimo vaginis foliorum glabriusculis obtecto, foliis radicalibus oblongo-linearibus basi longe angustatis supra leviter subtus dense albo-tomentosis, scapo apice breviter umbellato, involucris sessilibus vel ad apices radiorum solitariis campanulatis lanatis. Benth. l. c. p. 408. Has. Alpine spots among the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. Drummond,—A small tufted species, with the habit of a Primula or Androsace. Flowers full yellow. 5. E. ovalifolium (Nutt. l. c. p. 50. t. 8. f. 1.); foliis ad basin caulis approximatis subrotundo-ovalibus basi in petiolum angustatis utrinque dense albo-lanatis, involucro ad apicem pedunculi solitario globoso multifloro vel paucis sessilibus, perianthiis glabris vel basi vix pubescentibus. Benth. 1. c. p. 409. Has. Summits of the Blue Mountains, N. W. America. Douglas.—Stems short, much branched, tufted ; the lower leaves black and decayed, the upper ones broadly spathulate and white on both sides, with dense wool. Scape 3-5 inches, with a circle of leaves above the middle: in other words, the upper portion of the scape is a single ray of an involucrated abortive umbel. 6. E. Tolmieanum ; suffruticosum basi ramosum, ramis brevibus tortuosis foliosis, foliis ovatis in petiolum attenuatis supra viridibus glabriusculis subtus albo-tomentosis, scapo nudo gracili, involucris multifloris perpaucis in umbellam parvam capitatam 1-2 foliosam congestis campanulatis subtrifidis pedicellis multo brevioribus. Haz. Banks of the Walla-wallah River, among Artemisia. Tolmie.—Habit of the preceding, but smaller and of slenderer growth. Scape quite naked. Flowers small, yellow, appearing at first sight to be densely capitate. Each involucre is almost sessile, and crowded with flowers, which are much protruded: and one or two leaves arise from the base of the umbel. 7. E. stellatum (Benth.); foliis ad basin caulis approximatis ovalibus basi in petiolum longe angustatis supra glabriusculis subtus canescentibus, pedunculo apice simpliciter vel bis umbellato, involucris in umbellula paucis villosulis sexfidis, laciniis lanceolatis tubo longioribus reflexo-patentibus, perianthiis glabris. (Tas. CLX XVII.)— Benth. l c. p.409. Eriogonum.] - a POLYGONEE. 135 Has. Blue Mountains of the N. W. Interior. Douglas. —My specimens of this have the leaves (of which two or three arise from the scape) exactly like those of Statice oleifolia, slightly downy, and only so beneath, Umbels frequently compound and lax. Tas. CLXXVII. Fig. 1, Involucre with flowers ; f. 2, Single flower; f. 3, Pistil :—magnified. 8. E. umbellatum (Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. Hist, 2. p. 241); foliis ad basin caulis ap- proximatis oblongo-linearibus subtus vel utrinque albo-lanatis, pedunculo apice umbellato, involucris ad apices radiorum solitariis late campanulatis lanatis multifloris dentibus tubo brevioribus, perianthiis glabris. Benth. l c. p. 410... 18. 3,59. Has. On the high grounds of Salmon River, and valleys near the Kettle Falls on the Columbia. Douglas. —Scape about a span high. 9. E. heracleoides (Nutt. l c. p. 49); foliis ad basin caulis approximatis spathulato- oblongis subtus albo-lanatis, pedunculis elongatis apice biumbellatis, involucris in umbel- lula plurimis pedicellatis late campanulatis lanatis multifloris, perianthiis glabris. Bent. l. c. p. 410. Has. North-west interior, above the Kettle Falls of the Columbia. Douglas.—My specimens of this fine plant are 13 foot high, and the leaves, including the petioles, 3-4 inches long. Umbels large, yellow ? 10. E. compositum (Dougl. mst.); foliis ad basin caulis approximatis longe petiolatis ovatis basi rotundatis cordatisve supra demum glabratis subtus dense albo-lanatis, pedun- culo longissimo nudo apice breviter biumbellato, involucris breviter pedicellatis cam- panulatis multifloris. Benth. l. c. p. 410. t. 17. f. 10. et in Bot, Heg. t. 1774. Has. Common on the gravelly banks of the Columbia, and of the N. W. interior generally, especially on the Blue Mountains. Douglas.—A fine and stovt species, with large compound umbels of yellow flowers. $2. Lamrronia. Benth. 11. E. nudum (Dougl. mst.); foliis ovatis margine undulatis basi rotundatis v. sub- cordatis supra arachnoideo-lanatis demum glabris subtus albo-lanatis, pedunculo 2-3- chotome paniculato, capitulis lateralibus terminalibusque, involucris in capitulo 1-3 ses- silibus tubuloso-campanulatis glabris, bracteolis vix plumosis. Benth. l c. p. 413.—E. arachnoideum. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 158. (non Eschsch.) Han. Plains of the Multnomak River, and between the “ Grand Rapids" and “ Great Falls” of the Columbia. Douglas.—A stout-growing plant, 1-3 feet high. Differs from E. latifolium (of California) in being more glabrous, and in the inflorescence. Bracteas beneath the involucres and ramifications, ovate: Teeth of the involucre short, obtuse. Bracteoles setaceous, scarcely exserted. Segments of the perianth nearly equal. 12. E. elatum (Dougl. mst.); foliis amplis oblongis undulatis supra villosulis subtus velutinis, involucris glomeratis pedicellatis tubuloso-campanulatis glabris. Benth. 7. c. p. 413. : Has. Plains of Multnomak and Cape Mendocino, New California; common. Douglas.—Leaves very large, 5-6 inches long without the petiole. € : $ 3. MicnANTHA. 13. E. strictum (Benth.); suffruticosum, foliis parvis oblongo-ovatis basi in petiolum 136 POLYGONEE. : [Eriogonum. longe angustatis subtus vel utrinque albo-lanatis, pedunculis strictis gracilibus subdicho- tomis, involucris parvis sessilibus terminalibusque paucifloris glabriusculis, dentibus brevissimis subeequalibus. Benth. l. c. p. 414. Has. Columbia River and Blue Mountains. Douglas.—“ Suffrutex basi ceespitosus, dense foliosus. Pe- dunculi scapiformes, juncei, pedales et ultra, basi simplices nudi, a medio 2-3-chotomi, ramis omnibus strictis rigidis erectis tenuibus. Bractee parve, lineares. Involucra pauca, secus ramos sessiles, pleraque ad apices ramorum terminalia, vix lineam longa. Perianthia exserta, laciniis exterioribus demum valde auctis." = l4. E. niveum (Dougl. mst.) ; suffruticosum, foliis oblongis basi angustatis peduncu- loque albo-lanatis, bracteis patentibus, involucris tenuibus niveis paucifloris, gentibus alternis minutis. Benth. l. c. p. 414. Haz. Rocky and sandy soils near the ** Great Falls” of the Columbia and valleys of the Blue Mountains. Douglas.—* Suffrutex basi cespitosus, foliosus. Folia fere E. flavi. Pedunculi scapiformes, pedales et ultra." 15. E. dichotomum (Dougl. mst.) ; suffruticosum, foliis oblongis basi angustatis pedun- culoque albo-lanatis, bracteis brevibus appressis, involucris crassiusculis dense lanatis plurifloris sessilibus, dentibus brevibus subsequalibus. Benth. l. c. p. 415. Haz. Common on the banks of the ** Great Falls” of the Columbia, and of the river Utalla, N. W. Ame- rica. Douglas.—“ Affine E. niveo, sed rigidum strictum. - Bractez involucro dimidio breviores, appresse. Involucra tubulosa, duplo majora quam in E, niveo. Flores exserti, magnitudine fere E. compositi. Fila- menta basi pilis paucis donata. ` Ovarium glaberrimum.” x 16. E. decumbens (Benth.) ; suffruticosum, foliis ovatis petiolatis utrinque cano-tomen- tosis, pedunculi ramis flexuosis floccoso-lanatis, bracteis involucrum «equantibus patenti- bus, involucris crassiusculis dense lanatis plurifloris sessilibus, dentibus recurvo-patentibus alternis minutis. Benth. l. c. p. 415. Haz. Columbia River. Douglas. Walla-wallah. Tolmie.—** Rami foliiferi elongati, duri, dense tomen- tosi. Folia pollicaria, petiolo 1-2-pollicari. Bractee inferiores oblonge, foliaceze, ultra pollicares, superiores lineares, ` Znvolucra forma fere E. nivei, magnitudine E. dichot Sp habitu distinctissima.” 17. E. vimineum (Dougl. mst.); annuum, foliis subradicalibus petiolatis ovatis subtus tomentosis, pedunculis scapiformibus divaricato-ramosissimis apice involucrisque glaber- rimis. Benth. l. c. p. 416. Has. Barren grounds of the Columbia, near the base of the Blue Mountains. Douglas.—“ Pedunculi scapiformes, complures, basi sublanati, 6-8-pollicares. Rami tenues, virgati. Involucra tenuia, cylindrica, sessilia, dentibus brevibus obtusis subzequalibus. | Perianthia breviter exserta, lacinise exteriores per anthesin patulee obovate, interiores erectee dimidio angustiores.” Eleagnus.] E ELEAGNEE. | 137 On». LXXIX. LAURINEA. Juss. 1. BENZOIN. N. ab E. 1, B. odoriferum. N.ab E. Syst. Laur. p. 497.—Laurus Benzoin. L.—Ph. Am. 1, p. 276.—L. pseudo-Benzoin. Mz.—Evosmus Benzoin. Nutt, Has. Canada. (Ph.) - 2. SASSAFRAS. N. ad E. : 1. S. officinale. N, ab E. Syst. Laur. p. 488.— Laurus Sassafras. L.— Ph. Am. WERTE, Haz. Canada. (Ph.) 3. TETRANTHERA. Jacq. Flores dioici, rarius hermaphroditi, involucrati. Perianthium plerumque 6-partitum. Stam. fert. 9, triplici serie. Anth. 4-locellatze, introrsum dehiscentes. Staminodia (glan- dulæ filamentorum) 6, per paria staminibus 3 interioribus adjuncta. Stigma peltatum. Bacca tubo floris explanato imposita.— Inflorescentia umbellata. N. ab E. 1. T. Californica (Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 159); hermaphrodita, foliis perennantibus oblongo-lanceolatis vix acutis penninerviis reticulato-venosis glabris, pedun- culis axillaribus simplicibus, floribus pluribus, umbella subcapitata, pedunculis folio brevioribus.—Laurus regia. Douglas, mst. — ass ; Has. N. W. America. First found by Mr Menzies in New California, south of the Columbia. Douglas. —Mr Douglas observes, that “this elegant evergreen tree, which attains the height of 40 to 120 feet, and from 2 to 4 feet in the diameter of its stem, forms the connecting link between the gloomy Pine-forests of N. W. America and the tropical-like verdure of California. The foliage, when bruised, gives out a most powerful camphor-like scent; and even during severe hurricanes, I have been obliged to remove from under its shade, the odour being so strong as to occasion violent sneezing. The hunters often make use of a decoc- tion of the leaves, which they take without any bad effect ; indeed it stimulates the system, and produces a glow of warmth.”—Flowering specimens are in Mr Douglas collection from California, which prove this plant to be a true Tetranthera. Orv. LXXX. EL/EAGNEE. Juss. 1. ELZAGNUS. ZL. 1. E. argentea. (Ph. Am. 1. p. 114); inermis, foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutis argenteo-lepidotis, floribus fasciculatis nutantibus, fructibus globosis. Rich. App. p. 5. Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard ; and from the Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Moun- tains, and to lat. 69%, near the coast. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Hudson's Bay. Nuttall,—This is indeed very nearly allied to some Eleagni of the Old World, particularly to E. parvifolia, Wall, E. orien- talis, L., and to some specimens in my herbarium of Æ. angustifolia. The leaves seem to be variable in shape; but I think in our plant the flowers are more drooping than in those just mentioned, and the fruit more globose and as mealy as the leaves. “Itis the Waw-pish-heemena of the Cree Indians. The bark peels off in the winter, the moment it is thawed, which is not the case with other plants." Rich. mst. Drummond observes that the flowers are very fragrant. "The branches and leaves are alternate. VOL, II. 8 138 SANTALACER. [Comandra. 2, SHEPHERDIA. Nutt. Diocia. Masc. Perianthium 4-fidum. Stam. 8 inclusa, glandulis 8 alternantibus.— Fam. Perianthii tubus ovarium arcte investiens, (non adherens) limbo 4-lobo. Stylus 1. Stigma obliquum. Bacca calyce carnoso tecta globosa, monosperma.—Frutices Boreali- Americane, ramis spinescentibus foliisque deciduis oppositis, argenteo-nunc etiam ferrugineo- lepidotis. Flores aggregati. 1. S. Canadensis (Nutt.) ; foliis elliptico-ovatis supra nudiusculis subtus stellato-pilosis ferrugineo-squamulosisque.— Hippophae Canadensis. Willd.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 115. Rich. App. p. 38. : Has. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, and from Newfoundland and Hud- son's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond, N. W. Coast. Mr Menzies. — 2. S. argentea (Nutt.) ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque dense subargenteo-lepidotis. (Tas. CLXXVIII.)—Hippophae argentea. Ph. Am. 1. p. 113. Has. Saskatchawan; between Carlton and Edmonton House Forts. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— This is a species very distinct from the preceding, at once known by its more spreading branches, narrower leaves covered on both sides with copious somewhat silvery scales, and pellucid fruit, of so bright a red that the Indians call the plant Metheoo-meeva, or Bloody Berry. Pursh mentions its great similarity with Eleagnus argentea ; but here the leaves are much narrower, less silvery, and they, as well as the branches, are opposite: and the flowers and fruit are extremely dissimilar. Tas. CLXXVIII. SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA, A. Male Plant. Fig. 1, Flower; € 2, Flower laid open. —B. Female Plant. Fig. 3, Female flower; f. 4, Ditto, laid open, showing the pistil; f. 5, Stigma ; Sf. 6, Fruit (nat. size); f. 7, Fruit; f. 8, Fruit laid open ; € 9, Seed :—magnified. Or. LXXXI. THYMELEZE. Juss. 1. DIRCA. Z. 3 Perianthium coloratum, tubuloso-campanulatum, limbo obsoleto. Stam. 8, exserta, ineequalia. Stylus filiformis. Drupa monosperma.—Frutex Bor.- Americana, ramis articulatis. Flores sub frondescentia, terni e singula gemma. Liber tenacissimus. 1. D. palustris. L.—Ph. Am, 1. p. 268. Gawl. in Bot. Reg. t. 292. Haz. Canada. Cleghorn. Drummond. Or. LXXXII. SANTALACEA. Br. 1. COMANDRA. Nut. : Perianthium. suburceolatum, tubus ovario adherens, limbo 5-4-partito. Stam. 5 vel 4 petalis opposita summo tubi inserta. Discus perigynus tubum investiens, 5-lobum, lobis cum staminibus alternantibus. Fructus subdrupaceus, 1-spermus, perianthii limbo coro- natus.—Suffrutices glaberrime, basi subsarmentose, erecte, Boreali-Americane: foliis alternis integerrimis. Pedunculi axillares terminalesque. Flores umbellulati parvi. D LI Asarum.] - ARISTOLOCHIEA, 139 -L C. umbellata (Nutt. Gen. Am, 1. p. 157); caule ramoso, foliis lanceolatis subrigidis, umbellulis in paniculas foliosas terminales dispositis, perianthii laciniis oblongis erectis. (Tas. CLXXIX. A.) —Rich. App. p. 8.—Thesium umbellatum. Z.—Ph, Am, 1. p. 117. —T. corymbulosum. Mz. : Has. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond. Douglas. Dr Todd. Dry banks of the Columbia River. Tolmie. Gairdner.— This species is correctly described by Mr Nuttall, except that he considers the five lacinise of the perianth as the five petals of a corolla inserted upon the edge of a tubular calyx, which most assuredly is not the case. He well observes the curious tuft of hairs by which each anther is attached at the back to the segment of the perianth. The fruit seems to be chartaceous, enveloped by the thickened tube of the perianth, and thus somewhat drupaceous. In this species it is only the Zower part of the tube that is united with the ovary: and the persistent upper free portion of this tube forms a sort of neck at the top of the fruit. Tas. CLXXIX. A.—CoMANDRA UMBELLATA. Fig. 1, Umbel of flowers; J. 2, Flower laid open; J. 3, Segment of the perianth, with the stamen, exhibiting the tuft of filaments at the back of the anther; J. 4, Fruit (nat, size) ; f. 5, Fruit ;—magnified. . . C. livida (Rich. App. p. 9); caule simplici, foliis ellipticis flaccidis, umbella solitaria axillari pedunculata triflora, perianthii laciniis brevibus patentibus. (Tan. CLX XIX. B.) Has. From Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains, and to lat. 69° on the Mackenzie River. Dr Rich- ardson. Drummond, Newfoundland and Labrador. Miss Brenton. Dr Morison.— This is a very distinct species, and has been well described by Dr Richardson. Here the whole tube of the calyx is incorporated with the germen; the limb short and spreading. Filaments, also, and style very short. There is ripe fruit upon the specimens, but pressed and injured. The single seed, however, appears to be attached near the middle to a funiculus, which rises from the base of the cell. Tas. CLXXIX. B.—CowaNpma LIVIDA. Fig. 1, Umbel of flowers ; J. 2, Single flower ; f. 3, Segment of the perianth, with the stamen ; f. 4, Fruit (nat. size); f. 5, Fruit; and f. 6, Fruit cut through trans- versely, containing the seed :—magnified. On». LXXXIII. ARISTOLOCHIEZE. Juss. 1. ASARUM. Z. 1. A. Canadense. L.—Ph. Am. 9. p. 596. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2769.—8. perianthii lobis longissimis subulato-acuminatissimis. Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—£f. Abundant in shady pine woods, among moss, on the N. W. Coast. Douglas.—This species varies exceedingly in the length of the acumination of the lobes of the perianth ; but none of the specimens from the east side of the Rocky Mountains have them much more than half the length of those from the Pacific side of America: these lobes appear also to be much more erect, the flowers larger, and the leaves more truly cordate and less downy. Future observation may prove it to be a distinct species, as Mr Douglas considered it. 140 EUPHORBIACEE. [Enphorbia. Div. 2. Flores plerumque Monoici vel dioici. Orv. LXXXIV. EMPETREZE. 1. EMPETRUM. Z. 1. E. nigrum. L.—E. Bot. t. 315. Ph. Am. 1. p. 93. Haz. Near the Sea-coast in Canada. Michaux; at Murray Bay. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. "Throughout the woody and barren country, abundant, to the Arctic Sea-shore and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. On» LXXXV. EUPHORBIACEJE. Juss. 1. EUPHORBIA. Z. 1. E. hypericifolia (L.) ; glabra v. parce pilosa ramosissima erecto-patula dichotoma, ramis divaricatis, foliis oppositis serratis ovali-oblongis subfalcatis, corymbis foliosis sub- terminalibus. Ph. Am. 2. p. 605. Hook. Ex. Fl.t. 36 (caule subsimplici). Haz, Canada (Ph.), to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—These specimens are often hairy. 9. E. polygonifolia (L.) ; glaberrima diffusa ramosissima gracilis dichotoma, foliis oppo- sitis oblongis subfalcatis obtusis integerrimis, floribus subsolitariis axillaribus. Jacq. Coll. Suppl. t. 13. f. 3. Ph. Am. 2. p. 606. Has. Canada (Ph.), to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. On Menzies’ Island, and at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, N. W. America. Douglas. 3. E, platyphylla. L.—E. stricta. E. Bot. t. 333. Has. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Norway House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Plains of the Columbia River. Douglas. Probably introduced from Europe. 4. E. obtusata (Ph. Am. 2. p. 606); umbella 3-fida bis dichotoma, involucellis ovatis obtusiusculis subcordatis, foliis alternis sessilibus spathulatis involucellisque serrulatis glabris, capsulis muricatis. Ph. Haz. Near Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. Canada. Drummond. — Apparently rare in the British possessions, Only three specimens were gathered by Mr Drummond. The leaves are truly obovato-cuneate. 5. E. pilosa (L.); umbella 5-radiata tri-deinde biradicellata, foliis serrulatis pilosis, imis oblongis obtusiusculis, superioribus lanceolatis, involucellis ovatis, capsulis asperis pilosis. Reich. Iconogr. Bot, t. 149. Ph. Am. 2. p. 605. Haz. Canada. Goldie. (Probably introduced.) —Pursh, however, gives it as an inhabitant of the moun- tains of Maryland and Virginia. 6. E. corollata. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 607. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2992. Haz. Canada. Ph. Urtica.] URTICEZ. : 141 2, CROTON. Z. l. C.? setigerum ; annuum parvum dichotome ramosum pilis stellatis ubique incano- tomentosum, caule petiolisque setis patentibus hispidissimis, foliis late ovatis obtusis petiolo brevioribus. Haz. Plentiful on Menzies’ Island, and on sandy banks of the Columbia upwards. Douglas.—Only one specimen of this, I regret to say, is in my possession, and it has no more than a few male flowers developed amongst the small terminal leaves, which seem to form a kind of involucre beneath them. Whole plant scarcely the height of one's finger; clothed every where with stellated tomentum ; the petioles and stem and branches, besides, bearing patent bristles or rigid hairs, somewhat bulbous at their base. Leaves in general nearly an inch long, most crowded at the top of the branches, where the innermost or uppermost are very small about the flowers. 3. ACALYPHA- Z. 1. A. Virginica. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 604. Haz. Canada (.PÀ.), to the Saskatchawan. Dr d. Orv. LXXXVI. URTICEZE. Juss. ; 1. URTICA. Z. 1. U. pumila (L.) ; monoica, foliis oppositis ovatis acuminatis trinerviis serratis, petiolis inferioribus longitudine folii, floribus triandris capitato-corymbosis petiolo brevioribus. Ph. Am. 1. p. 112. Haz. Canada. Ph. 2. U. urens. L.—E. Bot, t. 1236. Ph. Am. 1. p. 113. Haz. Canada. Ph. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. (Imported.) 3. U. dioica, L.—E. Bot. t. 1150. Ph. Am. 1. p. 113. Haz. Canada. Ph. (Imported.) 4. U. gracilis (Ait.); dioica erecta stricta parce hispida, foliis ovato-lanceolatis sub- acuminatis grosse subduplicato-serratis trinerviis supra nudiusculis, subtus ad nervos hispidis, spicis elongatis pinnatim ramosis folio subbrevioribus, floribus glomeratis. Rich. App. p. 36. —U. procera? Willd. Se Haz. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd), to the Saskatchawan, and throughout the woody country, generally, on the east of the Rocky Mountains, as far as Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. 5. U. Canadensis (L.); foliis alternis cordato-ovatis acuminatis penninerviis mem- branaceis utrinque cauleque hispidis longe petiolatis, paniculis plerumque geminatis divaricato-ramosissimis petiolo longioribus. Ph. Am. 1. p. 114.—f. minor. U. divaricata; L. Ph. Has. Canada. (Ph.) Lake Huron. Dr Todd.—I cannot distinguish U. divaricata from U. Cana- . 142 ULMACE&, [ Celtis. densis, unless it be that the latter i is the taller plant of the two. Pursh describes it as moncecious, but all my specimens, both from British America and from the United States, are truly dicecious, as observed by Linneus. The fibre of the stem is copious and strong, and Mr Whitlaw endeavoured to recommend it to this country as an article of commerce. 7 2. BEHMERIA. Z. 1. B. cylindrica (Willd.); foliis oppositis ovato-oblongis acuminatis dentatis glabris, floribus dioicis, spicis masculis glomeratis interruptis, foemineis cylindricis, caule herbaceo. Ph. Am. 1. p. 112,—Urtica cylindrica. L.—f. spicis brevioribus — PE capitata, L.?—Ph. Am. 1. p. 113. Has, a, and £. Canada. Ph. Cleghorn. Dr Hol I have already, in my account of Mr Drummond's plants from the Southern United States, observed that I consider the Urtica capitata as a mere var. of Bah- meria cylindrica. 3. HUMULUS. Z. 1. H. Lupulus. L.—E. Bot, t. 427. Ph. Am. 1. p. 199. Haz. Plentiful on the higher parts of Red River, and on the Assinaboine in the 49th lat., which is its northern range, and where only in favourable seasons it perfects its fruit. Douglas. New Brunswick. Mr Kendai. 4. CANNABIS. Z. 1. C. sativa. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 199. Has. Canada, Mrs Percival. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Orv. LXXXVII. ULMACEZE. 1. ULMUS. Z. 1, U. Americana. L.—Mich. N. Am. Sylv.* 3. p. 83. t. 126. Ph. Ai 1, p. 199. Haz. Canada. Ph.—Saskatchawan to York Factory, Hudson's Bay. 2. U. fulva. Ph. Am. 1. p. 199. + Haz. Canada, Ph. Drummond.—Leaves of what I take to be this, and flowering specimens of two species of Elm, are in the collection, but they cannot be determined satisfactorily. 2. CELTIS. Z, 1. C. occidentalis. L.—Mich, N. Am, Sylv. 8. p. 45. t 114. Ph. Am, 1. p. 200. Haz. Canada, Ph. On the rocky banks of the Columbia River, N. W. America, in the driest places, where no other tree can live. Douglas. = The edition from which I quote is that of ** Philadelphia, 1819,” Carya.] JUGLANDINEZ. 143 On». LXXXVIII. GARRYACEE. Lindl. 1. GARRYA. Lindi. Dioica.—Masc. Perianth. tetraphyllum. Stam. 4. Fam. Perianth. superum bidenta- tum. Ovarium 1-loculare; stylis duobus setaceis; ovulis duobus ab apice funiculorum totidem pendulis. Pericarpium baccatum, indehiscens, dispermum. ‘Embryo minimus in basi albuminis carnosi.—Frutex (Boreali-Americana, ora occidentali). Flores intra bracteas connatas, in spicis amentaceis pendulis dispositi. Lindl. Bot. Reg. p. 1686. 1. Garrya elliptica. Dougl. Herb. Lindl. l. c. t. 1686. Haz. Plentiful on the shore, in'rocky situations, on the south side of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea. Douglas.— This fine plant was first detected by Mr Menzies in California, whence also Mr Douglas sent it, in his second and last expedition. It forms a handsome hardy evergreen shrub in the garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick. Its wood exhibits no concentric circles or dotted vessels. The flowers are in long catkins, subtended by large connate bracteas.—See Dr Lindley's description above quoted for further particulars relative to its structure. Or. LXXXIX. SAURUREZE. Rich. 1. SAURURUS. Z. 1. S. cernuus. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 252. Haz, Canada. Ph. Orv. XC. JUGLANDINEE. DC. 1. JUGLANS. L. Nutt. 1. J. cinerea. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 636. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 160. t. 31. (J. cathar- tica). Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 32, & Haz. Canada. Ph. Mrs Sheppard.—This is the Butter-nut and Oil-nut of the Americans, and is said to be nearly allied to J. nigra, (the Black Wallnut): “ but the fruit is oblong, with a protuberant summit, and the nut much more deeply and irregularly sculptured.” 2. CARYA. Nutt. : 1. C. alba (Nutt.) ; foliolis 5-7 longe petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis acute serratis subtus villosis terminali sessili, amentis filiformibus glabris, fructu depresso-glo- boso, nuce compressa obliqua.—Juglans alba. Mich, Am.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 637.—J. squa- mosa, Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 181. t. 36. : Ha». Canada. Dr Beck.—Shell or Shag-bark Hickory. “ A very large and valuable tree, with the bark separating in large flat scales or plates. Vut with a thinner shell than that of most other species, and of fine flavour. Pericarps thin, globose, depressed at the summit. Timber much prized in consequence of the fineness of its grain and elasticity of the fibre.” Beck. 144 : - AMENTACEA. [Salir. 2. C. amara (Nutt.); foliolis plerumque 9 ovato-oblongis acuminatis acute serratis utrinque glabris, fructu subgloboso, nuce levi mucronata testa fragili.—J uglans ¢ amara. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 170. t. 33. Ph. Am. 2. p. 637. Has. Canada. Dr Beck. Dr Holmes.—The Bitter-nut, White or Swamp Hickory.—A large tree. Nut small, almost obcordate, with bitter and astringent kernels. Beck. —Probably other species of Carya, found in the northern U. States, may also exist in Canada ; but I have received no specimens of them, nor any informa- tion concerning them. " Or. XCI. AMENTACEZE. Juss. Tris. I. Saricinex. Rich. 1 SALIX. Z, $ 1. CrNEREx. Amenta ovata et ovato-cylindracea, precocia. Stam.2. Ovarium pedicellatum. Folia ovata obovata li latave incana, v. rugosa, v. lana alba pilisve griseis vestita, plerumque integerrima : sepe marginibus revolutis. Fruticuli (S. rostrata excepta). Barrett. mst. 1. S. candida (Willd.); foliis lanceolatis v. lineari-lanceolatis rigidiusculis acutis apice obsolete serrulatis supra ramulisque arachnoideis subtus niveo-tomentosis margine tenui revolutis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis deciduis petiolum sequantibus, amentis oblongo-cylin- draceis erectis, floribus densis, squamis obovatis obtusis fuscis pistillo duplo brevioribus longissime villosis, ovariis lanceolatis albo-lanatis stylo longioribus, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 608. Rich. App. p. 31. Salict. Wob. p. 181. t. 91.—8. foliis magis rugosis. Rich. Has. Throughout the woody country. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas.—A beautiful species ; the eatkins very compact, white, with dense wool, tipped with the deep coloured style and stigmas, and sub- tended by the dark scale, with long delicate hair. In the ripe catkins, the pistils are nearly half an inch long, and three or four times as long as the style. A shrub 4-6 feet high. 2. S. Drummondiana (Barratt, mst.); ramis elongatis strictis glabris subrobustis, foliis obovato-oblongis rigidiusculis integerrimis vel apice obsoletissime serrulatis margine tenui revolutis, stipulis ovatis longitudine fere petioli longe persistentibus, amentis cylindraceis erectis compactis, squamis ovato-lanceolatis fuscis longe sericeis pistillo plusquam dimidio longioribus, ovariis ovatis acuminatis dense pilis brevibus sericeis nitidis, stylo breviusculo, stigmatis lobis brevibus bifidis vel integris.—f. ovariis glabris. Haz. Marshes and prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—Branches long and rather stout, clothed with a glabrous, rich brown, glossy, wrinkled bark. Leaves two inches long, an inch broad above the middle, quite free from pubescence, and very slightly wrinkled ; below white, with dense tomentum ; the costa yellowish-brown, nearly glabrous. Stipules white beneath, like the leaves. Catkins about an inch or rather more long in the flowering state, twice as much in fruit. Pistils spreading, very crowded :—in £. . quite glabrous, and in this var. the silky hairs of the scales are longer than in the usual state of the plant. 3. S. villosa (Don? in Ph. Herb. Canad.) ; ramis foliisque junioribus lana arachnoidea villosis, foliis lato-lanceolatis acutis subrigidis integerrimis margine parum revolutis, Salz] _ AMENTACEE. 145 adultis superne glabris subtus gláucis albo-lanatis demum glabriusculis, stipulis semi- cordatis petiolo sublongioribus, amentis foemineis (fructiferis) bi-triuncialibus ellipticis erectis, squamis oblongo-ovatis fuscis capsula lanceolato-acuminata pubescenti-tomentosa quadruplo brevioribus, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bifidis.—8. acutifolia ; foliis magis acutis vel subacuminatis. Has. Canada. Ph.? Rocky Mountains. Drummond; thence to the Arctic Sea-coast.—P. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.— Leaves from two to four or nearly five inches long. Mature female catkins very large, I regret not to have perfect specimens of this plant. Indeed I shoul n not have ventured to introduce it, were it not that Dr Barratt considers it to be the same as S. villosa of D. Don, in * Pursh, Herb. Canad.” 4. S. Scouleriana (Barratt, mst.); ramis strictiusculis fuscis subrobustis demum glabris, foliis obovato-lanceolatis integerrimis submembranaceis margine planis supra nudiusculis subtus argenteo-sericeis, amentis oblongo-cylindraceis demum recurvatis densifloris, squamis obovatis nigro-fuscescentibus sericeo-villosis pistilli dimidio longioribus, ovariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis sericeis, stylo obsoleto, stigmatis lobis integris. Haz. North West America, on the Columbia. Dr Scouler. Fort Vancouver. Tolmie.—Bark dark- brown, almost black in the older specimens. Young leaves silky on both sides: adult ones (rarely exceeding an inch in length) nearly glabrous above, beautifully silky beneath. Catkins an inch and a half long, droop- ing : the silky germens are much concealed by the large dark-coloured scales. 5. S. Hookeriana (Barratt, mst.) ; ramis valde robustis pubescentibus, junioribus dense tomentoso-lanatis, foliis late obovatis fere subrotundatis rigidiusculis serratis. margine planis supra (adultis) nudiusculis subtus tomentoso-lanatis, stipulis —? amentis cylin- draceis crassis, squamis longe densissime lanatis, ovariis longe stipitatis lanceolatis gla- berrimis, stylo breviusculo, stigmatis lobis integris. (Tas. CLXXX.) Haz. Near the Grand Rapids of the Saskatchawan, rare. Douglas. N. W. Coast of America. Scouler. —A stout but low growing shrub, with very thick straight branches. The male catkins look like a dense cylindrical mass of wool, which entirely conceals the scales, the stamens only being protruded beyond the wool. ‘The leaves are 2-3 inches long, one inch to an inch and a half wide, clothed with greyish woolly down beneath. Pistils perfectly glabrous, even its stipes; and the lobes of the stigma are always entire. Tas. CLXXX. A. Branch of a male plant; f 1, Scale and stamens. B. Branch of a female plant; f. 2, Scale with its pistil :—jigs. 1 and 2 magnified. ue 6. S. speciosa (Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 130); ramis densissime (seepe flavo-) sericeis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis subovatisve acutis vel acuminatis integerrimis supra nudiusculis subtus petiolisque niveo-tomentosis, stipulis persistentibus lineari-lanceolatis subulatisve membranaceis fuscis petiolo longioribus, amentis elongatis crassis densissime sericeis, squamis nigrescentibus longitudine fere ovarii pilis longis mollissimis sericeis, ovariis ovato-acuminatis sessilibus sericeis; stylo longissimo, stigmatis lobis linearibus bipartitis. Has. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Fort Norman and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. On the very elevated of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The foliage of this remarkably handsome Salix, which were all Dr Arnott and myself were acquainted with from Kotzebue's Sound, we .have fully described in the Flora above quoted. In the present collection are fine flowering and fruiting VOL. Il. T 146 - AMENTACEE. 212 — = specimens. - The amenta are 3-4 inches long, and nearly 2 of an inch in diameter, most beautifully clothed with long, yellowish-white, silky hairs, beyond which the very long slender brown styles, equal in length with the ovary, are protruded.— There is another Willow, also gathered at Fort Franklin by Dr Richardson, ` with the habit of the present ; but the stems are less silky, the young leaves (there are no adult ones) almost glabrous, and not in the least woolly even beneath, the catkins equally silky and beautiful with the present, though shorter, and the styles equally long ; but the ovary is quite glabrous.—' This and the two following, which Dr Barratt is inclined to refer to his $ Prostrarz, I bring, on account of their affinity with S. candida and S, Hookeriana, to this section. 7. S. Barrattiana ; ramis subrobustis flexuosis cicatricatis, foliis obovato-oblongis acutis basi cordatis mollibus glanduloso-serrulatis utrinque (subtus precipue) pubescenti- sericeis junioribus argenteo-sericeis, stipulis semiovatis glabriusculis glanduloso-serratis petiolo longioribus, amentis cylindraceis masc. ovali-oblongis, fem. elongatis densifloris pulcherrime sericeis, squamis nigrescentibus ovarium subeequantibus longe sericeis, ovariis lanceolatis brevi-stipitatis sericeis stylo longioribus, stigmatis lobis fissis. (Tas. CLXXXL) S. Helvetica? Barratt, mst. Has. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A species equal in beauty to, but not excelled by, the S. speciosa and S. lanata, which latter it resembles in many respects. It forms a dwarf shrub, with rather tortuous, stout, and nearly glabrous branches, clothed with dark-brown bark, and marked with the scars of former years’ leaves. Leaves 2-3 inches long, blunt and cordate at the base, and, amongst the silky clothing, the margin will be found to be minutely serrated, and the serratures glandular (especially near the base) as are those of the stipules more distinctly ; from these glands proceed a powerful balsamic smell. Male catkins 2 inches long, splendidly silky. Stamens 2. Female catkins 4 inches long, flexuose, very silky.— I name this species in compliment to Dr Barratt, of Middletown, Pennsylvania, who has devoted the same attention to the Willows of N. America, that Mr Borrer, and the late Mr Crowe, and Mr Ander- son, have done to those of Britain, and who kindly undertook the task of looking over the whole of the collection here described, and referred them to his own mst. section of the “Salices Americane.” I only regret that I could not induce him to undertake the descriptions of them likewise. But I have profited by many of his observations that have been liberally communicated to me. Tas. CLXXXI. A. Branch of a male plant ; f. 1, Scale and stamens from the amentum. -B. Branch of a female plant; f. 2, Scale and pistil from the amentum; f. 3, Base of a leaf and stipules :—jiys. 1—3 magnified. 8. S. adenophylla ; ramis brevibus subrobustis lanatis, foliis ovatis basi cordatis acutis subcoriaceis fere omnino sessilibus reticulatim venosis argute serratis serraturis elongatis glanduliferis lana sericea dense obsitis demum setate nudiusculis, stipulis ovato-cordatis grosse glanduloso-serratis, amentis foemineis elongatis pedunculatis, capsulis ovatis acuminatis glaberrimis, stylo elongato, stigmatis lobis fissis. Ha». Labrador. Dr Morrison.—1 know no species like this, well marked as it is by the copious long narrow serratures to the leaves tipped with a gland, so that the leaf looks as if it were fringed with pedicel- lated glands. "These leaves are an ineh or more long, clothed, even when fully grown, with long silky -tomentum on both sides, but which is deciduous on the oldest leaves. Mr Borrer hints at its probable affinity with S. fetida, De Candolle Fl. Fr., but that is now referred by its author *and Duby, in the Fl. Gallica,” to S. vacciniifolia of Sm., with which this has little in common. The catkins are old, but the capsules retain the form of the ovary, and are perfectly glabrous. * S CS Salix.) AMENTACEZ. . 147 9. S. rostrata (Rich.); ramis erectis strietiusculis pubescentibus (demum glabris), foliis lato-seu obovato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis serratis submembranaceis demum subcoriaceis supra nudiusculis subtus glaucis cano-pubescentibus, stipulis semicordatis dentatis, amentis masc. breviusculis cylindricis densifloris, fem. demum valde elongatis laxis, squamis oblongis membranaceis apice pilosis stipitis vix longitudine, ovariis anguste lanceolatis sericeis longe acuminatis longissime stipitatis, stylo perbrevi, stigmatis lobis bifidis vel integris. Rich. App. p. 37 (excl. syn. S. phylicifolise, Sm.). , Has. From Hudson's Bay to the Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, and to Fort Franklin on the Saskat- chawan. Dr Richardson. Dr d. Dougl Head waters of the Columbia. Douglas.—Copious specimens of this plant show that it is, like other Willows, subject to much variation, and the appearance of the young and old foliage, and young and old female catkins, are very different. The colour of the bark is sometimes pale-yellow or deep-brown, sometimes almost black. The lax female catkins, the long, narrow, silky germens, and above all the great length of the stipes, are its best distinguishing features. Dr Barratt finds the same species about Middletown, Pennsylvania, and it is probably not uncommon in the United States. It is the largest of the ** CiNEREz" group, being sometimes ten feet high. $2. Discoromz. Amenta ovalia vel cylindrica precocia, glabra, sericea vel piloso-lanata. Squame nigricantes. Stam. 2. Germina stipitata subpub tia. Folia subcoriacea decidua serrata v. den- ticulata subtus glauca pubescentia, supra glabra, nitida. Barratt, mst. (The species of this group constitute large spreading shrubs and small trees, and are the first to put forth their catkins in tbe spring.) : 10. S. discolor (Willd.); “foliis oblongis obtusiusculis glabris remote serratis apice integerrimis subtus glaucis, stipulis deciduis lanceolatis serratis, amentis subcocetaneis diandris oblongis tomentosis, squamis oblongis acutis atris pilosis, germinibus subsessilibus lanceolatis tomentosis, stylo mediocri, stigmatibus bipartitis" Ph. Am. 2. p. 613. Muh. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. f. 1. Salict. Wob. p. 279.—8. foliis subtus magis glaucis, stylis longioribus. Haz. Lake Winipeg and Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Douglas. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.— B. Norway House Fort. Dr Richardson.— Branches with female catkins and young foliage, from the Saskat- chawan, are marked as truly S. discolor of Willdenow, by Dr Barratt ; and one or two specimens with older foliage, gathered at another period, and in another part of the country, are supposed to be the oldfoliage. The Newfoundland specimens exactly accord with United States specimens sent me by Dr Barratt. Our var. 6. has, besides the characters above alluded to, a less silky germen, and it may perhaps constitute a new species. 11. S. Richardsoni ; ramis brevibus glabriusculis, foliis obovato-lanceolatis integerrimis glabris subtus glaucis junioribus ciliatis, stipulis parvis deciduis lanceolatis dentatis, dentibus glandulosis, amentis foemineis solitariis terminalibus oblongo-cylindraceis densi- floris, squamis oblongis fuscis longe pilosis, ovariis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis glabris, stylo longissimo, stigmatis lobis linearibus recurvis bipartitis. (Tas. CLXXXII.) Haz. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.— This appears to be a very distinct species, remarkable for the great length of the style. It is to be regretted that very few specimens were procured of it. Ta». CLXXXIL Sarıx Ricuarpsont, Fig. 1, Scale and pistil :—magnified. 148 S AMENTACEE. [Saliz. $3. Griseæ. Amenta cylindracea subbrevia precocia. Stam. 9. Germina sessilia v. stipitata griseo- sericea. Folia lanceolata serrata, subtus griseo-sericea siccitate nigricantia. Fructices ramis fragili- bus cortice intense amara. Barratt, mst, 12. S. petiolaris (Sm.); foliis lanceolatis serratis junioribus griseis subtus pilis brevi- bus sericeis, ovariis stipitatis ovato-lanceolatis valde sericeis, stigmatis subsessilis lobis bipartitis, squamis villosis stipite vix longioribus. E. Bot. t. 1147. Salict. Wob. p. 45. t. 23. Ph. Am. 2. p. 616. Haz. Lake Winipeg. Dr Richardson. 13. S. rosmarinifolia (L.); folis lineari-lanceolatis sericeis (junioribus przcipue) integerrimis v. paucidentatis dentibus minutis glandulosis, amentis brevibus oblongis curvatis laxis, germinibus stipitatis sericeis lanceolato-acuminatis, stylo longitudine stig matis bipartiti linearis, squamis brevibus villosis. E. Bot. t. 1365. Salict, Wob. p. 173. t. 87. Ph. Am. 2. p. 612. Haz. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. § 4. VIMINALES. Amenta cylindrica, precocia. Germina subsessilia sericea. Folia linearia v. lanceo- lata glabra v. pubescentia. Fructices v. Arbuscule, ramis longis flexilibus. 14. S. viminalis. L.—E. Bot. t. 1898. Salict. Wob. p. 265. t. 133. Ph. Am. 2. p. 608. Has. Canada. Dr Holmes. Mrs Sheppard. 15. S. purpurea. L.—E. Bot. t. 1388. Salict. Wob. p. 1. t. 1. Rich. App. p. 31? Haz. Cumberland House Fort. Dr Richardson. $5. Fractes. Amenta cylindrica, laza, acuminata, coetanea. Squame viridi-flave, pubescentes v. glabre. 9-5. Germina glabra. Folia lanceolato-falcata serrata, denticulata v. integerrima. - Barratt, 16. S. fragilis. L.—E. Bot. t. 1807. Salict. Wob. p. 53. t. 91. Rich. App. p. 37. Has. Woody country. Dr Richardson. Labrador. Dr Morrison. 17. S. lucida (Willd.); foliis adultis ovato-oblongis tenui-acuminatis basi rotundatis subcoriaceis nitidis glabris stipulisque semiovatis glanduloso-serratis, amentis cylindraceis erectis pedunculatis, stam. 3-5, bracteis oblongis membranaceis, germinibus ovatis acu- minatis stipitatis glabris, stylo breviusculo, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 9. p. 615. Mu. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. f. 7. Salict, Wob. p. 63. t. 39.— 8. foliis lanceolatis. Haz. Throughout Canada (Mrs Sheppard, Cleghorn), from Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to the Saskat- chawan and Jasper's Lake in the Rocky Mountains (Drummond), and to the Columbia River (Douglas, Scouler, Dr Gardner), and as far north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.—This is perhaps one of the most generally diffused of all the Willows in British N. America, and is nearly allied to our European S. pentandra. 18. S. nigra (Willd.) ; foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis serrulatis concoloribus glabris junioribus parce ad nervos precipue puberulis, stipulis exiguis deciduis, amentis elongatis Saliz.] AMENTACEE. 149 laxis flexuosis, stam. 5, filamentis basi barbatis, squamis oblongis villosis patentibus, germinibus ovatis stipitatis fuscis glabris vel basin versus subsericeis, stigmate sessili lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 614. Muhl. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. f. 5. Salict. Wob. p. 280. Ha». Canada. Cleghorn.— This very distinct species is extremely common in the Southern United States; rare in the North. 19. S. falcata (Ph.) ; foliis longissimis anguste falcato-lanceolatis acuminatis serratis unicoloribus glabris junioribus prsecipue ad nervos subsericeis, stipulis magnis lato- lunatis serratis deflexis, amentis foemineis elongatis multifloris laxiusculis, squamis deci- duis, ovariis ovato-acuminatis stipitatis glabris, stylo brevissimo, stigmatis lobis subin- tegris. Ph. Am. 2. p. 614. Salict. Wob. p. 279. Has. Canada, About Quebec. Mrs Sheppard.—The long, faleate leaves, and large, broadly lunate, reflexed stipules, readily distinguish this species. I am not acquainted with the male catkins. 20. S. longifolia ( Willd.) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutissimis (quandoque spinuloso-) serratis concoloribus glabris junioribus sericeis, amentis pedunculatis erectis, masculis compactis, fem. laxiusculis, squamis oblongis obtusis pallidis extus glabris intus basique lanatis foemineis valde deciduis, ovariis ovatis longe acuminatis brevi-stipitatis glabris, stigmate perbrevi sessili lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 9. p. 613. Muhl, in Ann. of Bot, 2. t. 5. f. 6.—8S. rubra. Rich. App. p. 37 (non Huds.).— 8. foliis plerisque sericeis. Haz. Canada (Cleghorn), to the Mackenzie River, Dr Richardson; and at Jasper Lake in the Rocky Mountains, growing in drifting sands. Drummond.—f. N. W. America, on the Columbia (Fort Vancouver, Tolmie) and its tributary streams near the mountains. Douglas. $ 6. Corparz. Amenta ovata, cylindracea, coetanea. Squame rubra v. fusce. Stam. 2-3. Germina stipitata glabra. Folia cordata (?) glabra. Stipule cordate serrate. Frutices majuscule, ramis dichotomis, flexilibus. Barratt, mst. 21. S. cordata (Willd.); “ foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi cordatis (v. acutis) argute serratis glabris subtus pallidioribus, stipulis amplis ovato-subrotundatis cartilagineo- serratis, amentis cocetaneis subtriandris, squamis lanceolatis lanatis atris, germinibus _pedicellatis lanceolatis glabris, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus bifidis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 615. ` Muhl. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. f. 8. Salict. Wob. p. 211.—f. balsamifera ; foliis rigidiori- bus subtus magis glaucis.—S. balsamifera. Barratt, mst—S. cordata. Rich. App. p. 37. — y. Mackenzieana ; foliis obovato-lanceolatis.—S. Mackenzieana. Barratt, mst. Ha». Moist woods and prairies of the Saskatehawan. Drummond.—P. Lake Winipeg and the Saskat- chawan. Dr Richardson.—y. Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.—So variable are the leaves of this plant in point of size, shape, and texture, that all kinds may be seen between lanceolate and almost exactly cordate. It is only fair to observe, that Dr Barratt is disposed to consider the £. and y. good species ; but I really do not possess sufficient materials to give satisfactory characters, The branches vary from bright yellow to deep brown.—Another state probably of this plant is found by Mr Douglas on the Columbia River with quite entire leaves. : ; 29. S. rigida (Willd.); **foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi subcordatis rigidis glabris argute serratis, serratura infima elongata, petiolis villosis, stipulis amplis cordatis 150 AMENTACEE. [.Saliz. obtusis glanduloso-serratis, amentis cocetaneis subtriandris, squamis lanceolatis atris lanatis, germinibus longe pedicellatis lanceolatis glabris, stylo brevissimo, stigmatibus bipartitis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 615. Muhl. in Ann. of Bot. 2. t. 5. f. 4. Salict. Wob. p. 277.—S. cordata. Mz. Am. 2. p. 225.—f. incana. Barratt, mst.—y. longifolia. Barratt, mst. % =, Has. Between Fort Franklin and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson.—This again comes very near the S. cordata ; but Dr Barratt refers the specimens without hesitation to S. rigida, W. and Ph. $ 23. S. prinoides (Ph.); “ foliis ovali-oblongis acutis remote undulato-serratis glabris subtus glaucis, stipulis semicordatis inciso-dentatis, amentis præcocibus (?) villosis, germinibus pedicellatis ovatis acuminatis sericeis, stylo longo, stigmatibus bifidis.” Ph. Am. 2. p. 613. Salict. Wob. p. 19. t. 40. Haz. Silery, near Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal.—These specimens, which are barren, exactly correspond with what is named S. prinoides, from the United States ; but they are also | equally the same with what is named, in my Herbarium, S. cordata, by Mr Borrer, from Mr Anderson's garden. $ 7. AnBUscULA. Fructices parve regiones arcticas v. alpinas habitantes. Amenta cetanea. Barratt, mst. 24. S. planifolia (Ph.); “erectiuscula divaricata, ramulis levigatis, foliis oblongo- lanceolatis utrinque acutis medio serrulatis glaberrimis patentibus planis discoloribus, stipulis nullis." Ph. Am. 2. p. 611.—£. foliis unicoloribus. Haz. Labrador. PA. Miss Brenton. Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Swamps at Lac la Pierre. Drummond.—If this be the true S. planifolia, as Dr Barratt suspects, it is a low growing ‘shrub, with obovato-lanceolate, entire leaves, very glaucous beneath, especially the younger ones, downy, as well as (he young branches.. The ovary is ovato-acuminate, sessile, and very shortly stipitate. Style short; lobes of the stigma bifid. Pursh was unacquainted with the flowers, and there must still be great doubt about the species.—f. though not = a var. by Dr Barratt, has the leaves of the same colour on both sides, and decidedly serrated, = 25. $. acutifolia (Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. $89); foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis subcoriaceis glaberrimis subtus glaucis serratis, amentis cocetaneis erectis cylindricis densifloris, squamis oblongis pilosis, ovariis sessilibus ovato-acuminatis sericeis, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bipartitis. D Haz. Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Drummond. Dr Richardson.—Mr Borrer considers this to be the same as true S. —— of Willdenow, from. the Me Sea. Bark sometimes pale, sometimes deep brown, not “pruinose” in the dried specimens. ; 26. S. pedicellaris (Ph.); “ramis leevigatis, foliis obovato-lanceolatis acutis integerri- mis utrinque glabris concoloribus, stipulis nullis, amentis cocetaneis pedunculatis gla- . berrimis, squamis oblongis pedicello duplo brevioribus vix pilosis, germinibus ovato- oblongis longissime pedicellatis glabris, stigmatibus sessilibus bifidis." Ph. 4m. 2. p. 611. Haz, Saskatehawan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie. River. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— This plant is referred by Mr Borrer to SS. pedicellaris of Pursh, with whose description it seems to — that the leaves are more obtuse. Y 3 p tama er po BEES? SC As e. de. ne cot Corre 7 Ore. p, Te S ar Age eta Ltd. atoll te of va Aral + d adahatehe- : arama raf: | Ereg Len. D abad 21: Beth 32:7 Fel Rënn A Saliz.] AMENTACEA. ` i 151 27. S. depressa. Hoffm. * x. Haz. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr Scouler.— Specimens from these localities are so named by Dr Barratt ; but they are, it must be confessed, in a very imperfect state, of which a description would probably tend to mislead. : 28. S. fusca, L.—Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1960. Salict. Wob. p 165. £. 83.—8S. repens. E. Bot. 133. Salict. Wob. p. 167. t. 84. Ph. Am. 2. p. 610. Haz. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.—Specimens with male catkins only. 29. S. Myrsinites (L.); humilis, foliis ellipticis undulatis serratis nitidis glabris v. hirsutiusculis venis prominentibus, amentis brevibus laxis, ovariis sessilibus Janceolatis laxe sericeis stylo duplo longioribus, stigmatibus bifidis. Sm. E. Bot, t. 1360, Salict. Wob. p. 119. t. 60. Rich. App. p. 37. Ph. Am. 2. p. 61%. Haz. Swamps and woods among the Rocky Mountains; and in the barren country north of lat. 64°, to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. # 20. S. desertorum (Rich); foliis ellipticis obovato-lanceolatisve deciduo-villosis venosis subtus glaucis, amentis oblongis erectis densifloris, floribus erectis, squamis ovalibus fuscis longe lanato-villosis ovarii ovati dense lanati fere longitudine, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Rich. App. p. 37. , | | Haz. From the Saskatchawan (Drummond) to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson.— A very elegant species, with copious catkins. Yet there are some varieties, as it appears, which have a very different aspect, with much larger, more woolly leaves, and longer and looser catkins. 31. S. Stuartiana (Sm.) ; ramis strictis brevibus, foliis lanceolatis utrinque acutis inte- gerrimis subtus precipue sericeo-villosis demum adultis nudiusculis, amentis cocetaneis subelongatis pedunculatis, squamis brevibus fuscis sericeo-villosis, ovariis lanceolatis subsessilibus sericeo-lanatis, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis fissis. E. Bot. t. 2586, Salict. Wob. p. 143. t. 12.— 8S. arenaria. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 125.—ß. amentis laxiori- bus, floribus foemineis magis remotis. Haz. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—ß. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.—If the S. Stuartiana be really distinct from S. arenaria, this must be referred to the former species, from which it seems to differ only in the more lax nature of the catkins, 32. S. Lapponum ? L.—Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 129. Has. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey.—Specimens very imperfect. § 8. Prosrrarz. Frutices humiles, regiones arcticas vel alpinas habitantes, subrepentes vel prostrate. 3 Amenta coæt ped lata. Barratt, mst. 33. S. reticulata (L.); foliis sublonge petiolatis orbiculari-ellipticis obovatisve serratis adultis glabris reticulatis supra rugosis subtus glaucis, amentis pedunculatis cylindraceis multifloris, squamis latis retusis purpureo-fuscis glabris aveniis ovario sericeo-tomentoso sessili duplo brevioribus, stigmatis lobis sessilibus bifidis. E. Bot. t. 1908. Ph. Am. 2. p. 610. Salict. Wob. p. 133. t. 67. Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 542. MP 152 s AMENTACEZ. ; [Satiz, A Has. Fort Franklin to the Arctic Shores and Islands. Dr RicllFaws. Sir E. Parry, &c. York e „Factory, Hudson’s Bay. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Unalaschka. Chamisso. 84. S. SR nana repens, foliis — brevi-petiolatis laesieltipsidiedbtoratisve inte- gerr imis glabris reticulatis supra lævibus subtus glaucis, amentis pedunculatis subquinque- floris, squamis obovatis retusis pallide viridi-fuscis venosis ovarii sessilis sericeo-tomentosi fere longitudine, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bipartitis. Has. Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains.—A small plant, intermediate, as it were, between S. reticulata and S. herbacea, yet very distinct from both, especially in the very few-flowered amenta, t ger, paler coloured, and veined scale, and the evident, though short, style. Leaves small, quite enti a CE " 35. S. vestita (Ph.); foliis brevi-petiolatis obovatis obtusis vel lato-ellipticis serratis . reticulatis supra adultis glabris rugosis subtus pilis longis deciduis pulcherrime sericeis, _ amentis pedunculatis RENE -cylindraceis compactis multifloris, squamis brevibus pallidis _ e late ovatis retusis ovariisque lato-lanceolatis sericeo-tomentosis, stylo nullo, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Ph. Am. 2, p. 610.—8. nana; glabra, foliis multo minoribus amentis pauci- (6-8)-floris. Haz. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morrison.—2. and £. on the more elevated of the Rocky Mountains (Drummond), where it varies from a few inches to 3-4 feet in height, and in the length of the leaves from a 3 to 2 inches. These leaves are generally beautifully silky beneath. i E 36. S. cordifolia (Ph.) ; foliis lato-ovalibus obovatisve basi acutis v. cordatis obtusis integerrimis junioribus subsericeis adultis petiolatis glabris leniter reticulatis subtus glaucis, amentis pedunculatis cylindricis densifloris, stipulis ovali-oblongis fuscis brevibus ovariisque ovatis acuminatis dense sericeo-villosis, stylo elongato, stigmatis lobis elongatis bifidis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 611. Salict. Wob. p. 277.--S. obovata? Ph. Am. 2. p. 611,7 55 Has. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morrison. High parts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The plant thus named for me by Mr Borrer, who is probably acquainted with the original plant cultivated by Mr Anderson, little deserves the appellation of cordifolia, its leaves being more frequently acute than retuse at the base. Many of the specimens approach very near to the following. : 37. S. arctica (Br.); foliis obovatis obovato-lanceolatisve obtusiusculis basi acutis v. obtusis leniter reticulatis petiolatis integerrimis junioribus subsericeis adultis glabris, amentis foemineis pedunculatis cylindraceis multifloris, squamis nigrescentibus late ovato- subrotundatis laxe sericeo-hirsutis ovarium ovatum sericeo-lanatum sequantibus, stylo elongato, stigmatis lobis elongatis bipartitis. Br. in Bot. of Ross's Voy. ed. 2. v. 9. p. 194 (not Pall.), per in Melv. Isl. Pl. p. cclxxii. Rich. App. p. 31. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 129. » Has. Throughout the barren country of N. America, a lat. 64° to the shores and extreme islands of the Arctic Sea. Captain Ross. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry, Se, Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. La- brador. Miss Brenton.—This plant has a disposition to turn almost black in drying, a ang the catkins have a peculiarly dingy or sooty hue, from the dark colour of the large scales and of the elongated styles and stigmas. 38. S. Uva Ursi (Ph.); ** depressa, foliis spathulato-obovatis obtusis integerrimis $ £ A X NW ^ E : * enable me to refer it to any previously described species). Populus] "AMENTACEE. il 153 ey RK inferne margine sparse glandulosis glabris supra nitidis, stipulis nullis, amentis serotinis laxis, squamis oblongis ciliatis, germinibus ovatis pedicellatis glabris, stylo bipartito, stigmatibus bilobis.” Ph. Am. 2. p. 610.—S. Ammanniana? Rich. App. p. 37. ; Has. Labrador. Kohlmeister. Dr Morrison. Hudson's Bay. Dr Wright. Woody country between $ lat. 54° and 64°. Dr Richardson.—My Labrador specimens thus referred to this plant, are too imperfect for me to venture to offer a character from them. Dr Richardson's ** S. Ammanniana ?" appears to me to be the same with this. 39. S. retusa (L.); humilis, foliis brevissime petiolatis bboratld v. oblongo-cuneatis obtusis retusisve integerrimis parallelo-venosis glaberrimis nitidis, amentis pedunculatis, squamis brevibus atris sericeis, ovariis ovato-conicis brevi-pedicellatis, stylo mediocri, stigmatis lobis bifidis. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 130.— S. serpyllifolia, Scop.— Jacq. Austr. p. 298.—S. anglorum. Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 540. et in Herb. nostr. ; (excl. ‚syn; S. arcticee. Br.). 2 Has. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Arctic Sea-shore. Dr Richar Ison (whence, however, only one specimen was brought home).—A very distinct and beautiful species, with glossy, strongly nerved, perennial leaves, the skeleton nerves remaining in the lower parts of the stem. Ovaries and fruit very large in pro- portion to the size of the plant. 40. S. herbacea (L.); nana, foliis orbicularibus serratis glabris venosis, amentis pauci- floris sessilibus, squamis parvis glabris, ovariis sessilibus lanceolatis glabris, stylo brevi, stigmatis lobis bifidis.— E. Bot. t. 1907. Salict. Wob. p. 123. t. 62. Has. N. W. Coast. D. Nelson. (Ph.) Labrador. Dr Morrison. Arctic Islands. Sir E. Parry. 41. S. polaris (Wahl.); nana, foliis orbicularibus subintegerrimis glabris venosis, amentis sessilibus paucifloris, squamis magnis nigricantibus villosis, ovariis sessilibus ovatis brevibus dense lanatis, stylo perbrevi, stigmatis lobis fissis. Wahl. Lapp. p. 261. t. 13. f. 6.—8. ?—var. leiocarpa. Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 542. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso in Herb. nostr.—Chamisso doubts if this be the true S. polaris of Wahlenberg, on account of the glabrous ovary. It does not seem to have been elsewhere found in Arctic America ; but d have specimens gathered by Sir Edward Parry’s officers in Spitzbergen. (Many specimens of Saliz yet remain in the British N. American Herbarium, in too imperfect a state to be determined. hamisso quotes the S. arctica of Pallas (not Br.), a very dubious species it must be con- fessed, as a native of hka, and S. glauca, L. and Koch. (S. sericea, Vill. and Ser.), of Chamisso’s Island and Cape Espenberg, in Behring’s Straits. Bongard, in his “ Veget. de Sitcha,” gives the following brief character of “ S. Sitchensis,” Sanson, mst. :—“ amentis fructiferis breviter pedunculatis, pedunculo subfoliato ; capsulis ovato-lanceolatis tomentosis pedicellatis, pedicello nectarium 2-3-superante, stylo elongato, stigmatibus bifidis (?) ; foliis oblongo-obovatis obsolete crenulatis, supra pubescentibus, subtus cano-tomen- tosis.”—A single specimen, with foliage only, whi h-M. Bongard has kindly communicated to me, does not Si tee y de a 2. POPULUS. L. - ; T * £—— E at ig . . e T . 1. P. dalsamifera (L.); ramis teretibus, foliis ovatis cordatisve acuminatis subeequaliter serratis glabris subtus pallidis reticulatis, ament! masc. squamis fimbriatis parce pilosis, Lë H P P VOL, 1I. ’ ^ U S e : Se ` ei * TA 154 AMENTACE. [ Populus. Seem. ovariis ovato-globosis stigmatis lobis maximis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 619. Rich. App. p. 38. . ` Pall, Ross. 1. t. 41. Trew, Ehret. t. 46.—a. peduntulo foem. pubescente, florum pedicellis 7 vix perianthii glabri longitudine, foliis?—f. pedunculo fæm. glabro, pedicellis pistillo ` ~ ` longioribus, foliis cordatis acuminatis basi truncatis.—y. amentis ubique (etiam variis) ; pubescenti-tomentosis, dloribugsessilibus, foliis exacte cordatis acuminatis.—an e E” distincta ? à = P : Ha». Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Throughout the woody country to the Great Slave Lake, and the suh ` = branch of the Mackenzie River, called Rivicre aux Liards, from the great quantity of this tree which grows ` there. It, constituted the greater part of the drift timber observed on the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr. - Richardson.—8. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—2. Banks of streams, N.W. America, attaining toa very — > large size, 60-140 feet high, and 9-20 feet in diameter. Douglas.—The trees in general, I fear, and the = Poplars in particular, have not received that degree of attention that they deserve from the writers on American Botany. The leaves are very liable to vary, and it is remarkably the case with this species, as * + may be seen by the figures of Trew and Pallas; but they are never white on the underside, as described br Willdenow, Sic. The flowers, too, are liable to vary, if I am correct in_referring my two varieties to the ye present species. The y., from the Pacific side of America, will probably prove a distinct species; bul S possess only one.speeimen, and that with nearly perfect fruit: the amentum is a span long, and the capsules as as large as pease, all over downy, and they are quite sessile. The leaves and flowers, both of f. and y., are | very similar in form to those of P. monilifera, but the toothing and under face are considerably different. : ; My specimens of P. balsamifera, from Kamtschatka, have the foliage orbicular, with scarcely any acumen.— ~~ Dr Richardson observes that the trunk of this attains a greater eene than that of any Be io * the northern parts of America. : E od Be "Sa s En Ze 2. P. candicans (Ait.) ; foliis cordatis acuminatis subtus albidis subtriplinerviis, stipulis resinosis ramis teretibus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 406. Ph. Am. 2. p. 618. - Haz. Canada. Dr Hope. (Ait.)—Of this species I am ignorant, and Willdenow, Pursh, and Michaux, have added nothing to the brief character given by Aiton. Indeed Michaux's figure and description, in the N. American Sylva, are alike unsatisfactory on the subject of the Poplars. From Dr Schweinitz I have received the following species, under the name of P. candicans. May PEN in res > ne and the E same ? & $ d > E F Zë E % q” a 3. P. grandidentata (Mich.) ; ramis teretibus, petiolis superne | compressis, foliis rotun- ` dato-ovatis vix acuminatis grosse irregulariter seu angulato-dentatis basi seepe bi landu- & losis glabris junioribus densissime cano-tomentosis, amentis foemineis longis Paiz ovariis ` * » lanceolatis, A linearibus. Mz. Am. 2. p. 243. E d 4m. Sylv. p Ke 499, f.2 Sep . (good as to the fully formed'leaf). EZ à Has. Canada. Ph. Mrs Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. New NE Mr T The © foliage puts on very different appearances at different periods of its growth, the young leaves being. clothed with very dense white tomentum, and margined with rather smalland nearly regular teeth ; as they advance — — in age, the down disappears, and the teeth become very large, and irregular. e = Di ai 4. P. tremuloides ( Mx.); ramis teretibus, foliis parvulis sabora Dl le acumi- tis serrulatis ciliatis basi sepe biglandulosis, squamis masculinis pulcherime sericeis, E ; ovariis lanceolatis, stigmatis lobis linearibus. Mz. Am. 2. p. 243 (1803). N, Am. c: E : p. 242. t. 99. f. 1.—P. trepida. Willd. (1805).—.Ph. Am. 2. p. 618. aer Ha», Canada (Mz. Mrs Sheppard), as far as Sac d Dr Richardson. — wé M * : * 3 = ES x e 3 t Betula.] ` AMENTACEA, 155 - Mr Kendal. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—The wood is remarked by the Crees to burn better in a green >... state than that of any other tree. In other respects it is worthless. e 2x i Sch Fx a e P. levigata, Willd., received the name of Canadensis, from an idea that it was introduced into from Canada ; but that is mere conjecture, and as I have never received specimens except from the ` A a ` it ad States, I do not venture to introduce it. The P. monilifera, Wats. Dendrol. t. 102, is a good repre- pay sentation of this plant, and I strongly suspect that Michaux's plant of that nare: is no other. The female a" flowers very much resemble those of P. balsamifera, but the leaves are very different.) h 3 EI ; ^ H á E) VE RAR Sugor». Il. BrruLivez. Rich. e E 15x E ER URN i ode . 3. BETULA. Z. ` an Br", 1 ST? S > b 3 PX N , =: 1. B. populifolia (Ait.); “foliis deltoidibus longe acuminatis insequaliter serratis At ale . . . . . . . d G glaberrimis, amentis foem. cylindraceis, squamis lobis lateralibus oblongis, decurvo-falcatis, ¡intermedio breviori, petiolis glabris." Hort. Kew. ed. lw. 3. p. 336, Mich. N. Am. Sylv. (0 tp. 91. 1). Ph. Am. 2. p. 620. å af , ` Han, Canada. Ph.—My own specimens of this are all from the United States; and I confess that, except in > the narrower and rather more compact female catkins, and the smaller scales (for the shape is the same in the two), I cannot see how it differs from the European B. alba, The leaves are the same in both. I— 2 B. papyra 7 (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 837.) ; foliis subcordato-ovatis brevi-acumi- > “amentis foemineis lato-cylindraceis, squamarum lobis lateralibus oblongis decurvo-falcatis intermedio subbreviori. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621. : Keen HA. Canada. (Ph.) Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to lat. 65°. Dr Richardson. Dr ond. Dougl + (who observes it is rare to the west of the Rocky Mountains).— Mr Dr d's speci have only the male . .* atkins perfect, and no leaves, In my specimens from Dr Torrey (Massachusetts) the female catkins are .— . pendent, and the leaves are slightly downy beneath on the nerves, and have there, in the axils of the nerves, generally a dense woolly tuft. My specimen from Atabasca, gathered by Douglas, has the female catkins e S D D ^ ^ erect, the leaves quite glabrous, and the young branches rough with resinous warts. In all, the leaves are n” -— . dotted beneath, in consequence of copious resinous exudations. + > di = e # — - 8. B. occidentalis ; ramis rufo-fuscis copiose resinoso-verrucosis, foliis late rhombeo- e i |. ovatis sublobati sse inciso-serratis sub lente appresso-hirsutulis v. nudis subtus palli- < dioribus epunctatis, nervis paucis remotis, amentis foem. e, E squamis lobis 2 ovato-oblongis lateralibus decurvo-falcatis intermedio longiore. KR ee Hab. Straits of De Fuca» Dr Scouler. Near springs on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. Douglas; . and on the east side, from the mountains to Edmonton House. Drummond. One specimen is in the collec. . A tion from the Arctic coast.* (P) Dr Richardson.—This Birch does not agree with any described species, & : t is probably confined to the west coast, and to the immediate vicinity of the Rocky Mountains, form- » “ing a , small brush-wood, 6-10 feet high, and never exceeding a few inches in the diameter of its trunk. ¿Mr Drummond considered it to be the B. nigra, but its bark and leaves are quite different; the latter P + remarkable for the few and remote nerves, which spring from the mid-ribs : besides, B. nigra is a southern ~- = tree of great size. e main branches are erect, and somewhat virgate, clothed with a red-brown bark, a x - T - + There has probably been some mistake in the station of this. A A e D * ; à ^ E ^ * wy * * i . : + d - ^ little inclining to purple, copiously sprinkled with resinous warts in all the specimens. Petioles j to 2 of ` erg = z : E $ = matis subzequaliter serratis subtus punctatis glabris nunc ad axillas venarum hirsutis, +- v Se * 156 AMENTACEE. ` [Betula, an inch long, adult leaves 2-21 inches, broadly ovato.rhomboid, rather acute than acuminate, of a harsh and dry but not thick texture, slightly lobed at the margin, and inciso-serrate, the serratures coarse and sharp, paler beneath, but never, either in the old or younger state, dotted. Male catkins resembling those of the preceding, 1-2 inches long. 4. B. excelsa (Ait.); **foliis ovatis acutis serratis, strobilorum squamis lobis lateralibus rotundatis, petiolis pubescentibus pedunculo brevioribus." Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 337. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621.—B. lutea. Mz. N. Am. Sylv. 2. p. 103. t. 73. Haz. Abundant in the forests of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michaux.—I have never been so fortunate as to receive satisfactory specimens of this plant, either from British N. America, or from the United States: from its qualities and properties, however, as related by Michaux, it would seem to be a distinet species ; but the figure of this latter author, and specimens of foliage which Mr Kendal sent from New Brunswick, marked ** Yellow Birch,” seem to differ in no respect from the following: and Bigelow (Fl. Bost. p. 856) observes of B. excelsa, “it has considerable resemblance to B. lenta, but the cuticle has a yellowish colour.”—Jt will be seen by Michaux's figure that the lateral lobes of the scales of the catkin are as in the following species. | E 5. B. lenta (L.) ; foliis ovatis seu oblongo-ovatis brevi-acuminatis basi oblique cordatis obtusisve argute subduplicato-serratis nervis approximatis parallelis, subtus petiolis villosulis, junioribus sericeis, amentis brevi-pedunculatis foemineis fructiferis ellipticis, squamis glabriusculis nervosis lobis lateralibus ovato-rotundatis patentibus intermedio - elongato. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621. Mz. N. Am. Sylv. 2. p. 106. t. 74.—B. carpinifolia. Ehrh. Haz. Abundant in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and in Canada, where it is known by the name of the * Cherry Birch.” Michaux. Mr Kendal.—It is a pity that Ehrhart's appropriate name of carpinifolia cannot be preserved to this species. It is reckoned among the most beautiful and valuable of the genus. The leaves are often, but by no means universally, furnished with a tuft of wool in the axils of the veins. 6. B. pumila (L.); “humilis, foliis orbiculari-obovatis serratis subtus (junioribus precipue) ramulisque pubescentibus, amentis foemineis cylindraceis.” Willd. Sp. Pl. t. 4 p. 461. Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 122. (non Dict. des Sc. Nat. cum Ic.) Ph. Am. 2. p. 622. Has. Canada. (Linn.) Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Labrador. Dr Morrison.—I have seen no plant corresponding exactly with the B. pumila, except one specimen from Newfoundland, and another, less distinctly marked, from Labrador; but these I can only consider a downy state of B. glandulosa. The B. pumila of Dict. des Sc. Nat. seems to be undoubtedly the European B. fruticosa. 3 7. B. glandulosa (Mx. Am. 2. p. 18); humilis, ramis resinoso-punctatis v. levibus. glabris, foliis obovatis seu subrotundo-obovatis obtuse serratis glabris, amentis fcemineis lato-cylindraceis breviusculis, squamis trifidis lobis oblongo-subovatis* intermedio parum longiore. Ph. Am. 2. p. 621. . E Haz. Canada and Hudson's Bay. Michaux. Goldie. Grand Saline and Mountains of Providence, and font Lake Winipeg to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss ee Dr Morrison.— Leaves from } to 2, or rarely an inch long, varying in width, and somewhat in length of the petiole : so that some of the specimens, it must be confessed, come very near to the follow- - I have selected the best characters I have been able for distinguishing them. 8. B. nana (L.) ; humilis, ramis resinoso-punctatis v. laevibus glabris, foliis suborbicu- laribus grosse dentatis glabris, amentis foemineis brevibus cxlindrageih squamis profunde + * > e 4 ; E : e D Se = # Alnus.] AMENTACEZ. ; 157 trifidis lobis oblongo-subobovatis subzequalibus. E. Bot. t. 349. Ph. Am. 2. p. 622.— B. ‘flabellifolia ; foliis cuneato-flabelliformibus dentibus profundis acutis. _ Has. Sphagnous swamps, Hudson’s Bay and Canada. Michaux. Labrador. Dr Morrison, Miss Bren- ton. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Kotzebue’s Sound. Chamisso (in Hewmb. nost.) Beechey.—P. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack.—Smaller in all its parts than the preceding, and the leaves constantly more orbicular, and nearly sessile. The scales, too, of the female amentum appear to be more deeply cleft, and the segments more equal.—f. is a very beautiful variety, with broadly cuneate leaves, semicircular at the extremity, and, there only, deeply, regularly, and sharply toothed. From Sweden, Mr R. B. Bowman has sent me B. nana, with the young branches decidedly pubescent, thus bearing the same relation to the usual state of the plant, that B. pumila does to B. glandulosa. 4. ALNUS. L. 1. A. glutinosa. Gertn.—E. Bot. t. 1508. Ph. Am. 2. p. 622. ; Haz. Interior of Canada and the N. W. Coast. Ph.—Willdenow gives this as a native of N. America, and Pursh speaks of this as “a large tree, known every where under the name of Alder ;” but I have seen nothing like our common Alder from any part of N. America, and I presume the A. viridis has generally n mistaken for it. - 9. A. crispa (Ait. H. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 339) ; pedunculis ramosis, foliis ovatis acutis subundulatis, venis subtus pilosis, axillis nudis, stipulis subrotundo-ovatis.— B. crispa. Mz. Am. 2. p. 181. Ph. Am. 2. p. 623.— A. undulata. Willd. Has. Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay. Aiton.— Of this I know nothing, unless it be, as Nuttall has suggested (in Herb. nostr.), a state of A. incana. 3. A. viridis (DC.); foliis ovatis acutis ad margines inciso-sublobatis argute inzequaliter serratis utrinque glabris v. ad venas subtus pilosiusculis et nunc in axillis venarum lanatis, amentis junioribus cylindraceis, fructiferis ovalibus. Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 538.— Betula ovata. Schrank.— Willd.—Alnus incana, glabrifolia. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 117 and 129.—A. glutinosa. Rich. App. p. 36. an PA. ?—8. foliis majoribus marginibus magis inciso-lobatis. Has. Canada, throughout the woody and barren country, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beechey.—P. N. W. America, from the mountains to the sea. Douglas. Scouler. Tolmie.— The specimens of z. correspond entirely with the European plant of the same name, and the exactly ovate acute leaves, finely and deeply serrated, and the longer, cylindrical, and (apparently) green, young female catkins, will readily distinguish it from A. glutinosa. Dr Richardson’s specimens, from his first journey, have the leaves quite young; but I think I cannot be mistaken in referring them here. The Columbia specimens have the leaves usually large, but retaining their true character. Y 4. A. incana (Willd.); foliis ellipticis subovatisve integris vel margine obscure lobatis obtusis vel acutiusculis argute serratis subtus pubescentibus, amentis junioribus cylindra- ceis, fructiferis ovalibus.— Betula incana. L.— Pall. Ross. 1. p. 64,—6. foliis subtus ad nervos pilosis v. etiam glaberrimis.— Betula serrulata. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. l. p. 338.— Alnus. Ph. ; E E Haz. æ. and f. throughout Canada (Mrs Sheppard), to the Saskatchawan and Fort Franklin. Dr Rich- ardson. Douglas. Drummond. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.— The L4 158 AMENTACEE. [ Quercus. leaves are generally larger than, and of a different shape from, the preceding. In the degree of pubescence on the under surface of the leaves, the greatest variation appears, and the most downy kind in every parti- cular corresponds with the European incana, so that I have no hesitation in considering the A. serrulata (which indeed is sometimes quite glabrous) a var. ofit. 5. A. rubra (Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 44); foliis ellipticis marginibus undique obtuse lobatis lobis obtuse serrulatis subtus ad nervos precipue puberulis siccitate subferrugineis, amentis fcem. junioribus cylindraceis, fructiferis ovatis.— A. castanezefolia. Dougl. Mst. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard. Dry rocky banks of the Columbia, near the Grand Rapids, common (Douglas), and below Fort Vancouver. Dr Scouler.—This is a perfectly distinct species, and well characterized by Dr Bongard, who observes that it is called ** Red Alder" by the-Russians inhabiting the colony at Sitcha. The margins of the leaves are so deeply and regularly lobed that they might almost be called pinnatifid, and - these lobes and the serratures are singularly blunt. There is nothing peculiar in the catkins. Indeed the fructification of the different species of Alder exhibit very little variation. Susonp. III. Pruatanez. Juss. 5. PLATANUS. Z. 1. P. occidentalis. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 635. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 55. t. 63. Has. Canada. Susorp. IV. CupuLirerz, Rich. 6. QUERCUS. ZL. a 1. Q. tinctoria. Bartr,—Ph. Am. 9. p. 629. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 110. £. 24. Har. Canada. Dr Beck. 2. Q. rubra (L.); foliis longe petiolatis circumscriptione latissime ovalibus profunde sinuatis lobis integris vel subincisis setaceo-acuminatis glabris, fructibus sessilibus, cupula brevissima scutelliformi squamis parvis ovatis pubescentibus, glande late ovata acute umbonata. PA. Am. 2. p. 630. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 125. t. 28. Has. Canada, from Lake Huron (Dr Todd), to the Saskatchawan and rocks at Lake Namakeen. Dr Richardson. 3. Q. Bannisteri. Mz.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 631. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 99. t. 21. Haz. Canada. Dr Beck. ^s 4. Q. obtusiloba. Mich.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 632. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 3't. t. 5. Haz. Canada. Dr Beck. 5. Q. alba (L.) ; foliis obovato-oblongis basi attenuatis pinnatifidis junioribus utrinque cano-pubescentibus adultioribus subtus pubescentibus v. glabris lobis lato-oblongis obtus- sissimis v. retusis nonumquam subcuneatis petiolis brevibus, fructibus pedunculatis, cupula hemispheerica dense squamosa squamis ovatis pubescentibus, glande ovate obtusa cum umbone. Ph. Am. 2. p. 683. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 11. £. 1. Has. Canada, to Lake Winipeg (which Mr Douglas considers its northern limit, and where it attains only a height of 10-20 feet). Dr Richardson. Douglas. E Fagus.) AMENTACEA. ' . 159 6. Q. Garryana (Dougl. mst.); foliis latissime obovatis utrinque obtusis sinuato-pinnati- fidis siccitate nigricantibus supra glabris subtus petiolis ramisque dense fusco-pubescenti- bus lobis latis obtusissimis, fructibus sessilibus, cupula perbrevi-hemispheerica dense squamosa squamis ovato-acuminatis pubescentibus, glande ovata obtuse cum umbone conico. Has. N. W. America. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.) Plentiful on the plains near Fort Vancouver, on the Multnomak, and at Puget Sound. Douglas. Dr Gairdner. Tolmie.—Forty to eighty feet high, 3-5 in dia- meter : the wood good, and well adapted for ship-building. This Oak, which I believe to be a very distinct species, has not only the underside of the adult leaves, but the petioles and branches, clothed with a dense dingy-coloured down. The leaves, too, are much broader than in Q. alba, the acorns are sessile, and the cups much shallower. "There is an Oak in Mr Drummond’s third collection of Texas plants (No. 342), named “ Yellow Post Oak," distinguished by the downy leaves and the size of the acorns, in which the leaves and sessile acorns agree with those of the present species very closely ; but the branches are glabrous, and the cups are much deeper, and clothed with larger and more hoary scales.—Mr Menzies also detected Q. Garryana in California, where Mr Douglas, besides. the Q. agrifolia, Ned, gathered also a third species, with leaves somewhat like the present, but narrower, and with narrower lobes, nearly glabrous beneath, and much smaller acorns. These three are, as far as I know, the only Oaks yet discovered in N. W. America. , 7. CASTANEA. LZ. 1. C. chrysophylla (Dougl. mst.); foliis sempervirentibus lato-lanceolatis acuminatis coriaceis integerrimis glabris subtus aureo-farinosis. Ha». Common on.the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, to Cape Orford, and near Mount Hood ; constantly inhabiting the hills.—' This is a most splendid evergreen tree, varying in height from 20 to 70 feet, with leaves 4-5 inches long, full green above, below of a rich golden yellow. These leaves are quite entire. The spikes or catkins of flowers scarcely exceed an inch in length, including the peduncle,'and they are soli- tary in the axils of the upper leaves; sometimes all the flowers on a catkin are male; sometimes the two or three lower flowers are female. Fruits 2-3, crowded, densely clothed with acicular prickles. 8. FAGUS. Z. 1. F. ferruginea (Ait.); moncecia, foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis remote dentato- serratis basi acutis v. obtusis, fructus aculeis ferrugineo-tomentosis reflexis. PA. Am. 2. p. 624. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 21. t. 106. Haz. Canada, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland.— This is the “ Red Beech,” of the inhabitants, and I, like Dr Torrey, have only seen this one species from any part of N. America; but Michaux, and Ameri- ` ean authors, describe another species as also inhabiting Canada, namely— 2. F. sylvestris (Mich.) ; * foliis acuminatis obsolete dentatis margine ciliatis." Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 18. t. 101. —F. sylvatica. Bi. Am. 2. p. 625 (not Linn.).—F. sylvatica. 8. Nutt. Gen. Am. 2. p. 216. : Has. Canada. Michauz, who calls this the “ — from the difference of the colour of the wood in the two kinds ; but neither in Michaux’s figure, nor in the description of authors, does their appear any marks by which this can be separated botanically from the preceding. In both, the leaves vary somewhat in shape, but are at all times much larger and longer and more toothed than in the European Beech, which has, moreover, the prickles of the fruit straight, and not clothed with ferruginous down. ; 160 MYRICEE. [ Comptonia. 9. CARPINUS. L. ` ; 1. C. Americana. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 623.—Mich, N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 28. t. 108. Haz. Canada. 10. OSTRY A. Micheli. : 1. O. Virginica. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 623.— Carpinus Ostrya. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p..31. & 109, Has. Canada; to Lake Winipeg. Dr Richardson. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Michauz. 11, CORYLUS. Z. 1. C. Americana (Wabl.); foliis subrotundo-cordatis acuminatis, involucris nuce globosa multo majoribus limbo maximo dilatato foliaceo grosse dentato. Ph. Am. 2. p. 634.— 8. amentorum (utriusque sexus) squamis densissime sericeo-villosis. Has. Canada.— 68. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Douglas. Scouler.— Readily distinguished by the remarkably large leafy limb to the involucre of the fruit. Of the var. 2. I have seen no fruit. It may probably con- stitute a new species. 2. C. rostrata (Ait.); foliis cordato-ovalibus acuminatis, involucris inferne sericeo- hispidis nuce globosa multo majoribus in tubum longissimum angustum apice incisum desinentibus. Ph. Am. 2. p. 635. Haz. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Or. XCII MYRICEZE. Rich. 1. MYRICA. LZ. 1. M. Gale. L.—E. Bot. t. 562. Ph. Am. 2. p. 620. Has. Throughout Canada, and to Fort Norman on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Labrador and Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison.—The young buds, Dr Richard- son says, are used by the Indians to dye their porcupine's quills. 2. M. Californica (Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 535, et in Herb. nostr.) ; ramis angulatis, foliis anguste lanceolatis acutis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis adultis praesertim serratis glabrescentibus coriaceis punctis minutis resinosis adspersis margine reflexo obso- ` lete nervosis, amentis axillaribus solitariis, fructibus tuberculatis nudis. —M. Xalappensis. H. and K.? Has. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Swamps of Puget Sound. Douglas.—I do not think this differs as a species from M. Xalappensis. Our specimens of what we consider that plant, gathered in Mexico, are quite the same as Chamisso's, so that this species has a very extensive range. 2. COMPTONIA. Gaertn. 1. C. aspleniifolia. Ait.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 635.— Liquidambar aspl. L. Has. New Brunswick and Canada, to the Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson. Drummond. * Pinus.] l CONIFERÆ. 161 de Orv. XCIII. CONIFER. Juss. 1. PINUS, E 1. P. Banksiana (Lamb.* Pin. t. 3); foliis geminis uncialibus rigidis curvatis linearibus acutis dorso tereti supra canaliculatis marginibus (sub lente) scabris, strobilis subbiunciali- bus ovato-acuminatis recurvis ramo adpressis plerumque binis, squamis obtusis levibus dorso superne gibboso. Ph. Am. 2. p. 642.—P. rupestris. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 117. t. 136. Haz. Dry sandy soils, Canada, to lat. 64%, and even beyond that, on the sandy banks of the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. 9. P. inops (Sol. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 367); foliis geminis breviusculis (biuncialibus) obtusiusculis rigidis supra canaliculatis subtus teretibus marginibus serrula-. tis, strobilis recurvis ovato-oblongis longitudine foliorum, vaginis brevibus, squamis compactis obtusis infra apicem aculeo subulato patente instructis. Lamb. Pin. t. 12. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 129. t. 139. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 45. —P. distorta. Dougl. mst.—f. foliis minus rigidis. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard (in Herb. nostr.). Shores of the Pacific, from the confluence of the Columbia northwards. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler.— B. growing close to the snow on Mount Rainier. Tolmie.— This forms a “low scrubby” Pine in N. W. America; on Mount Rainier, near the snow, not exceeding 10 feet in height. "The specimens exactly agree with the same species from the United States. 8. P. resinosa (Sol. in Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 361); foliis geminis elongatis (4-5 uncia- libus) acutis supra leniter canaliculatis dorso teretibus marginibus asperis, vaginis elongatis, strobilis ovato-conicis basi rotundatis subsolitariis subbiuncialibus, squamis superne conico-convexis. Lamb. Pin. t. 13. Ph. Am. 2. p. 642.— P. rubra. Mich. N. > Am. Sylv, 3. p. 112. t. 134. Haz. Canada.—N. W. America, along with P. Lambertiana. Douglas. 4. P. Strobus (L.) ; foliis quinis gracilibus subtriuncialibus acute triquetris margine superne scabriusculis supra glaucis, vaginis nullis, strobilis folio longioribus subcylindraceis leevigatis curvato-pendulis, squamis laxis magnis latissimis planis. Lamb. Pin, t. 32. Ph. Am. 2. p. 644, Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 159. t. 145.—P. monticola, Dougl. pe Lat: Pin. descr. sine Ic. Haz. Nova Scotia and Canada, to the Saskatchawan and east side of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond ; and on the west side, from the source of the Columbia to the alpine range of Mount Hood. Douglas.—This is the well-known * Weymouth Pine” of our plantations, I cannot perceive the slightest difference in the P. monticola of Mr Douglas and the present. The cones and foliage are exactly similar. 5. P. Lambertiana (Dougl. mst.) ; foliis quinis subelongatis 4-5 uncialibus rigidiusculis acutis acute triquetris unicoloribus margine subasperis, vaginis nullis, strobilis maximis (pedalibus et ultra) N squamis laxis latissimis planis.— Lamb. Pin. t, 34.—8.? foliis brevioribus. * I quote from the imperial 8vo edition, published by Messrs Weddel in 1832; the only ES save the first, that I have the opportunity of —9À VOL. Il. x 162 | CONIFER E. ; [Pinus. Haz. From N. lat. 43°, in N. W. America, to California. First seen at the head-waters of the Mult- nomak in 1825. Douglas.—f. “ Height of Land” in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The giant of the N. W. American forests, being sometimes 215 feet in height, 57 feet 9 inches, in circumference, at 3 feet from the ground, and 17 feet 5 inches, in cireumference, at 34 feet from the ground; whilst the cones are . from 12 to 16 inches in length, and 11 inches in circumference in the thickest part!—A Pine in many re- spects similar to this was found by Mr Drummond in very elevated situations of the Rocky Mountains, near the “ Height of Land,” yet there growing 50 and 60 feet high. The leaves are, however, shorter ` (2 or 3 inches) and more rigid, and the specimens have the closest affinity with those of the’ European P. Cembra. No cones of it exist in the collection. 6. P. Sabiniana (Dougl. mst.) ; ramulis squarrosis, foliis ternis preelongis pedalibus acutis unicoloribus dorso tereti supra linea acuta elevata margine scabris, vaginis in adultis "brevibus, strobilis subrotundo-ovatis maximis, squamis patentibus laxis latissimis apicibus longe acuminatis incurvis spinescentibus. Lamb. Pin. t. 80. Haz. N. W. America; inhabits moist vegetable deposits of New Albion, at a great elevation above the sea. Douglas. Fallatine hills. Dr Gairdner.— A tree from 40-120 feet in height, and 2-12 feet in circum- ference. Cones 9-11 inches long, and 5 to 6 inches in diameter. 7. P. (Abies?) Menziesii (Lamb. Pin. descr. sine 1c.); foliis acutis planis subtus argenteis undique versis, strobilis cylindraceis, squamis scariosis margine erosis." Haz. N..W. America. Menzies (in Herb. Lamb.). 8. P. (Abies) nobilis (Dougl. mst.); foliis (uncialibus) linearibus falcatis supra linea media exarata subtus pallidioribus linea media elevata, strobilis erectis ovato-cylindraceis ` (6-7 uncialibus, 3-unc. lat.), squamis compactis latissimis, bracteolis lato-spathulatis arcte imbricato-deflexis squamas tegentibus apice erosis cum acumine subulato rigido. Lamb. Pin. descr. cum Ic. : Haz. N. W. America. Douglas. Brought to Fort Vancouver by the Indians, under the name of Tuck- tuck, from the Great Falls of the Columbia. Dr Gairdner.—A beautiful and handsome Spruce, with singu- larly fine cones, of which the scales are entirely concealed by the large reflexed and imbricated bracteoles *. each tipped with a spine about three lines long. These cones resemble in many respects those of P. Picea, but are much broader, and have much larger and more reflected bracteoles. 9. P. (Abies) Douglasii (Sabine, mst.) ; foliis anguste linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis supra linea media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis ovatis (triuncialibus), squamis paucis laxis latissimis, bracteolis obovato-lanceolatis squamam superantibus 3-fidis, lacinia media spiniformi lateralibus membranaceis erosis longiori. (Tas. CLXXXIIL) - Has, N. W. America, a common timber. Douglas. Dr Gairdner.—' The cones of this are very unlike those of any other species, scarcely three inches long, composed of few (about 30) large broad lax scales, and each subtended by a bracteole longer than the scale, deeply trifid at the apex, the two lateral laciniæ acumi- nated and tootlied or erose on their outer edge, the middle longer than these, and constituting a straight rigid spine, about a quarter of an inch long. Mr Douglas observes, that the principal part of the gloomy forests of N. W. America, in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, and throughout the interior skirting those D Pinus.] CONIFERE. : 163 mountains, is composed of this species. It attains a height of from 150 to 200 feet, and a circumference of from 20 to 50 feet. : Tas. CLXXXIII. Fig. 1, Male catkins ; f. 2, Cone :— nat. size ; f. 3, Leaves :—magnified. 10. P. (Abies) Balsamea (L.); foliis linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis supra linea media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis cylindraceis (4-5-uncialibus) resinifluis, squamis latissimis compactis, bracteolis obovatis dentatis obtusis squamam fere equantibus. Lamb. Pin. t. 41. Ph. Am. 2. p. 639.— Abies balsami- fera. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 191. t. 150. Has. Canada and Nova Scotia, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. 11. P. (Abies) grandis (Doug). mst.) ; foliis (uncialibus) linearibus obtusis supra linea media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis ovali- cylindraceis (6-uncialibus, 2-3-uncias lat.) resinifluis, squamis compactis latissimis, bracteolis ovatis brevi-acuminatis cuspidatis marginibus erosis squama multo brevioribus. Lamb. Pin. App. descr. sine Ic. Has. N. W. America. Douglas.— The cone of this, Mr Lambert remarks, resembles that of P. Cedrus, but I think much more that of the preceding, P. Balsamea, and P. Webbiana, and it is in like manner densely coated with a resinous substance. 12. P. (Abies) lasiocarpa ; foliis linearibus obtusis (uncialibus et fere sesquiuncialibus) unicoloribus supra linea media exarata subtus linea media elevata marginibus paululum incrassatis, strobilis . . . . + . 2, squamis latis subrotundatis extus dense fusco-pubes- centibus, bracteolis late obovatis vix denticulatis squama subduplo brevioribus apice mucronato-acuminatis. y Haz. Interior of N. W. America (last journey). Douglas.—There are no entire cones accompanying the solitary specimen of this plant ; but the scales and bracteoles, lying with the leaves, are considerably different from any other species with which I am acquainted. The former are clothed with a dense almost ferru- ginous: down. The leaves, too, are longer than in any other American species. 13. P. (Abies) alba (Soland. in Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 371); foliis curvatis brevibus tetragonis (vix uncialibus) strobilis (3-uncialibus) pendulis oblongis subattenuatis obtusis, squamis late obovatis tenuibus integerrimis. Lamb. Pin. t. 36. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Rich. App. p. 36.—Abies alba. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 128. t. 148. : Has. Throughout Nova Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Sea, and on the Cop- permine River ; in lat. 673° it attains a height of twenty feet and more. Dr Richardson.—This is the most northern tree met with by Dr Richardson in his Arctic journeys. See an interesting notice of the uses of this tree among the Crees and Esquimaux, in Richardson App. above quoted. Young cones pale green ; old ones pale brown. 14. P. (Abies) nigra (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 370); foliis rectis brevibus tetra- gonis (semiuncialibus), strobilis pendulis ovatis obtusis (uncialibus v. paulo ultra), squamis crassis lignosis obovato-ellipticis laxiusculis apice eroso-denticulatis. Lamb. Pin. t. 37. Ph. Am. 2. p. 640. Rich. App. p. 36.—Abies nigra. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 176. t. 147. 164 : CONIFER. [ Taxodium. Haz. Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and throughout Canada, to lat. 659, where it terminates with the Betula papyracea. DrRichardson.—It grows in swampy situations. Cones deep purple, at length in age brown. 15. P. (Abies) rubra (Lamb. Pin. t. 38); “ foliis solitariis subulatis acuminatis, stro- bilis (pendulis) oblongis obtusis, squamis rotundatis subbilobis margine integris."— P. Americana rubra, Sc. Wangenh. Beyt. 15. t. 16. f. 54. Has. Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Wangenh.(in Lamb.).— This is a very dubious tree, according to Mr Lambert. Pursh says it is nearly related to the preceding. 16. P. (Abies) Canadensis (L.) ; ramulis pubescentibus, foliis brevibus (6 lineas longis) linearibus tenuibus obscure denticulatis subtus glaucis, strobilis parvis (vix folio longiori- bus), squamis paucis rotundatis integerrimis. Lamb. Pin. t. 45. Ph. Am. 2. p. 640.— Abies Canadensis. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 185. t. 140.—8.? foliis angustioribus.— P. taxifolia. Lamb. Pin. t. 4. Haz. Canada, extending to the most northern regions, according to Pursh. N. W. America, Dr Scouler, as far as Millbank Sound and Stikine. Tolmie.—f.? N. W. America. JMenzies.— This well-known Hemlock Spruce is readily distinguished by its small terminal cones. My specimens from N. W. America, which are in fruit, do not seem to differ from those of Eastern America, and I am led to consider the P. tazifolius of Mr Lambert probably a variety of the present species. 17. P. (Larix) pendula (Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. P- 369); foliis fascicu- latis deciduis, strobilis oblongis squamarum marginibus inflexis, bracteolis panduriformi- bus acumine attenuato. Lamb. Pin. t. 49. Ph. Am, 2. p. 645. Haz. Canada. PA. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. N. W. America. Douglas.—Mr Douglas’ speci-. men, gathered in his last journey, bas neither cones nor flowers, and the leaves are longer and slenderer than any other Zariz I have ever seen. 18. P. (Larix) microcarpa (Du Roi); * foliis fasciculatis deciduis, strobilis subrotundis paucifloris, squamis inflexis, bracteolis ellipticis obtuse acuminatis." Lamb. Pin. t. 50. Ph. Am. 2. p. 645.—Larix Americana. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 213. t. 153. Has. Hudson's Bay. Ph. From York Factory to Point Lake, in lat. 65°, where it only attains a height of from 6-8 feet. Dr Richardson. Lake Huron. Dr T'odd.—l should fear this can only be distinguished from the preceding by its shorter leaves and smaller cones. I am unacquainted with the affinities of the two following species— 19. P. Mertensiana (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 45); “ foliis (solitariis) linearibus obtusius- culis basi in petiolum attenuatis integerrimis, squamis coni reniformibus integris." ‘Has. Sitcha. Bongard.— Leaves 5 lines, and oblong cones 14 inch, long. 20. P. Sitchensis (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 45); “ foliis (solitariis) linearibus subtetra- gonis acuminatis mucronatis, squamis coni oblongis obtusis tenuissime denticulatis." Has. Sitcha. Bongard.— Leaves 7.8 lines, ovate cones 1-13 inch, long. TAXODIUM. Richard. 1. 7.2 sempervirens (Lamb. Pin. t. 64); * foliis distichis linearibus acutis perennanti- bus coriaceis glabris opacis." Lamb, wa ar Juniperus] CONIFERE. 165 Has. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies.—This seems a very doubtful Taxodium, of which I have seen no specimen. CUPRESSUS. Z. "1. C. thyoides (L.); ramis patentibus tetragonis, foliis lato ovatis-acuminatis quad- rifariam imbricatis dorso convexis medio tuberculatis, galbulis magnitudine pisi minoris globosis subsessilibus, squamis subumbonatis laevibus. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 207. t. 152. Ph. Am. 2. p. 646.—Thuja spheeroidalis. Rich. Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond.— There is but one specimen in Mr Drummond's collection, and that is mixed with Juniperus Sabina, with which the leaves have the greatest affinity, but from which the fruit at once distinguishes it. 2. C. Nutkatensis (Lamb. Pin. n. 60. sine Ic.) ; ramis suberectis tetragonis, foliis late ovatis acuminatis quadrifariam imbricatis dorso carinatis etuberculatis, galbulis magni- tudine pisi- majoris globosis ramos breves terminantibus, squamis umbonatis leevibus.— Thuja excelsa. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 46. Haz. N. W. Coast of America. Nutka. Menzies. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. Sitcha. Bongard (in Herb. nostr.).— The branches are sometimes a little compressed. Mr Bongard's plant has the fruit of a Cupressus, and it is altogether the same species as that here characterized. It has a near affinity with the preceding, but that has shorter and more spreading and flatter branches, and leaves with a tubercle at the back, and smaller fruit, THUJA. L. 1. T. occidentalis (L.); ramis ramulisque ancipitibus patentibus, foliis late ovatis obtusis arcte 4-fariam imbricatis intermediis planis medio tuberculo notatis, strobilis nutantibus. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 926. t. 156. Ph. 4m. 2. p. 646. Has. From Lake Huron, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson.—This is the American Arbor Vite. 2. T. gigantea (Nutt. Pl. of Rocky M. p. 52); ramis ramulisque compressis erectis, foliis ovatis acutis arcte 4-fariam imbricatis intermediis convexis puncto impresso etuber- culatis, strobilis arcte reflexis.— T. Menziesii. Douglas, mst.—T. plicata. Lamb. Pin. n 61 (in partem). Has. North West America. Menzies. (Herb. nostr.) Common from the source of the Columbia to its confluence with the sea, and thence north to Nutka Sound. Douglas. Scouler. Wyeth. Wallamet. Tolmie.— A truly distinct species from the preceding, in the characters above given. Mr Lambert seems to have con- founded it with a different species said to have been found by Don Luis Neà in New Spain: for his charac- ters, probably taken from that species, do not agree with Mr Menzies' original specimens from Nutka, which he has nevertheless considered as the same. The branches are longer, slenderer, and more upright than in T. occidentalis, yet less flattened or ancipitate, of a deeper green colour. The leaves are always destitute of a tubercle, a the cones are much more drooping; in short, bearing the same relation with it, that ` Cupressus Nuthatensis does with C. thyoides. It attains a height of 60 to 170 feet, and 20 to 40 feet inc the circumference of the trunk. Douglas. JUNIPERUS. Z. 1. J. communis. L.—E. Bot. t. 1100. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Rich. App. p. 38.— 8. nana. L.—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2743. (J. nana.) 166 : CONIFERA. : [Juniperus, Has. Newfoundland. Lake Huron, to the barren country of the Hudson Bay Co.'s territories, and on the West Coast, as far as Sitcha. Bongard. Summit of Mount Rainier. Tolmie.—f. in the most exposed and sterile situations. 2. J. Sabina (L.); ramulorum tetragonorum foliis quadrifariam dense imbricatis ovatis acutis v. acuminatis concavis seu subcarinatis dorso basin versus glandula oblonga quan- doque obsoleta instructis; ramorum teretium foliis plerumque acerosis squamiformibus remotis appressis v. patulis, baccis nigro-pruinosis. Mich. Am. 9. p. 246. Nutt.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 647.—J. Virginiana. .L.— Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 221. t. 155. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Nutt.—B. humilis; procumbens.—J. Sabina. 8. Willd—Ph.—J. prostrata. Pers. Rich. App. p. 38.—J. repens. Nutt.? Has. Throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan.—6. in poor rocky soils, especially in the north. Dr Richardson. In the Rocky Mountains. Lewis. Lake Huron. Nuttall.—In Eastern America Botanists have enumerated. five species of Savin-leaved Juniper; J. Sabina (which also abounds in Europe, and in Northern Asia), J. Virginiana, J. Bermudiana, J. Barbadensis, and J. prostrata ; but I must confess that among all the specimens I have received from various countries included between the 53d and 32d degrees of latitude, I can recognise only one species by any botanical characters, and that one differs in no respect from the European J. Sabina, to which I unhesitatingly refer it. If there are other species, I have not seen them, and the descriptions of authors are so vague and unsatisfactory, that I have in vain sought for distinguishing marks in their characters and observations. The leaves certainly differ considerably in different specimens ; but not more so than they frequently do on one and the same individual. Thus, Bigelow observes that (in J. Virginiana) “a singular variety appears in the young shoots, especially those which issue from the base of the trees: this consists in an elongation of the leaves to five or six times their usual length, while they become spreading, acerose, considerably remote from each other, and irregular in their insertion, being either opposite or ternate, so that they have been repeatedly mistaken for individuals of a different species.” He adds too, that the leaves of J. Virginiana resemble Savin in their medicinal properties. —I may here observe that the Savin-leaved Junipers of the Old World are as unsatisfactorily characterized in books as those of the New; and equally demand a careful investigation of the Botanist. In all, upon the older branches, the leaves are elongated, acerose, and distant where the shoots have been vigorous and lengthened, short and blunt and compact, and giving a tessellated appearance, when the shoots are short and stunted.— Again, with regard to the more usual form of the American species, J. Virginiana, as it is generally called, (though the Linnzean character does not accord with it), we can understand, from its mode of growth, why this plant, which in some situations is a tree 40 or 45 feet high, should in others become a small prostrate shrub. Michaux remarks that “ the most striking peculiarity in the vegetation of it is that the branches which are numerous and close, spring near the earth, and spread horizontally, and that the lower limbs are, during many years, as long as the body of the tree. The trunk decreases so rapidly that the largest stocks rarely ` afford timber for ship-building of more than 11 feet in length.”— Very far north, Dr Richardson tells us that * it grows close to the ground, and sends out flabelliform branches 2 yards long, which are very ornamental in thin rocky soils.” : 3. J. occidentalis ; ramis ramulisque patentibus teretibus, foliis arcte 4-fariam imbri- catis subrotundo-ovatis obtusis valde convexis paulo infra medium glandula oblonga con- spicua resiniflua notata.—J. excelsa. Dougl. mst.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 647. (viv Bieb.) Has. N. W. America. Banks of the waters in the Rocky Mountains. Lewis (in Ph.) Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of from 2-3 feet. Douglas.—Mr Douglas’ collection, in my possession, contains only two specimens of this plant, without flowers or fruit. From the locality, there can scarcely be a doubt of its being the J. Sagittaria.] ` ALISMACEZ, : 167 excelsa of Pursh ; but that it is the J. excelsa of Bieberstein, from Tauria, is a question ; and indeed the latter author himself says of his plant, * diagnosis a J. Sabina difficillima, quamvis specie omnino differat." From - Sabina our present species may be readily known by the more spreading branches and branchlets, and by both being perfectly terete, by the rounder and more convex leaves, and, above all, by the large gland on every leaf, constantly exuding a transparent resin, which concretes in drops upon the foliage. There are no acerose leaves on the older branches whatever, but the old leaves form lozenge-shaped scales or tubercles, with the resinous gland still very conspicuous. D TAXUS. Z. 1. T. baccata. L.—E. Bot. t. 146. Nutt. Gen. Am. p. 246.—8. minor. Mich, Am. 2. p. 245.—T. Canadensis. Willd. —Ph. Am. 2. p. 647. Nutt. Has. Lake Huron. Vuttall. Mountainous parts of N. W. America. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—f. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Miss Brenton.—In the eastern parts, the Yew seems to form a low shrub; but on the Columbia, Mr Douglas assures us, it attains a size fully equal to that of Europe. As was the case with our ancestors, the Indians make their bows of its wood. : Cr. I. MONOCOTYLEDONEZX. Orn. I. COMMELINEE. Br, 1. TRADESCANTIA. Z. l. T. Virginica. L.— Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 105. Ph. Am. 1. p. 218. Has. Upper Canada? Mrs Sheppard. ; Orn. II. ALISMACEÆ. Br. 1. SAGITTARIA. ZL. 1. S. sagittifolia. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 396.—var. 1. vulgaris ; foliis mediocribus sagittæ- formibus.—var. 2. macrophylla; foliis fere pedalibus lobis lanceolatis decurvis, S. lati- folia. Ph. S. sagittifolia, E. Bot. t. 84. —var. 3. angustifolia; foliis elongatis angustis . lobis linearibus patentibus longissimis, foliis exterioribus sepe indivisis. S. sagittifolia, minor; S. hastata; S. gracilis; and S. heterophylla. Ph.—var. 4. simplex; foliis omni- bus lineari-lanceolatis simplicibus. S. simplex; S. graminea; and S. acutifolia. PA. Haz. Ditches and pools, and throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan ; Columbia, and Walla-wallah Rivers. Dr Gairdner, Mr Tolmie.—var. 2. N. W. coast, where it is called by the Chenooks Wapatoo, and where the roots are eaten: Dr Scouler.—var. 3. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Drummond.—var. 4. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton,— Nothing can be more variable than the leaves of this plant in N. America, and they are of all sizes. 168 AROIDEE. [Arum. 2. ALISMA. Z. 1. A. Plantago. L.— Mich. Am.—E. Bot. t. 837.—A. trivialis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 252, — P. parviflora. Ph., and probably A. subulata. Willd. and Ph. Has. Ditches and pools, Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Columbia. Dr Scouler. 2. A, natans. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 253. E. Bot. t. 175. Has. Stagnant waters of the St Lawrence. Pursh. On». III. JUNCAGINEZE. Rich. 1. SCHEUCHZERIA. Z. 1. S. palustris. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 247. E. Bot. t. 1801. Has. Between Cumberland House Fort and Hudson's Bay, and upon the “* Height of Land," Rocky Mountains, Dr Richardson. Drummond. 2. TRIGLOCHIN. Z. 1, T. maritimum. L.—Ph, Am. 1. p. 247. E. Bot. t. 255. Rich. App. p. 11. Has. Cumberland House Fort on the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains (probably in Salt Licks). Drummond; and thence to the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson; and N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. Douglas. Tolmie. Sitcha. Bongard. Labrador. Dr Morrison.—The specimens vary exceedingly in size, from 4-6 inches to 2 feet. 2. T. palustre. L.—Ph. Am, l. p. 241. E. Bot. t. 366. Haz. Marshes between Carlton House and Edmonton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Sitcha. Bongard (in Herb. nostr.), Or». IV. AROIDEZE. Br. (including Ternes) 1, ACORUS. Z. 1. A. Calamus. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 235. E. Bot. t. 356. Has. Canada (PA.), to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. ORONTIUM. Z. 1. O. aquaticum. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 235. Hook. Ex. Fl. 1. t. 19. Haz, Canada. Pursh. 8. ARUM. Z. 1. A. triphyllum. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 399. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 950. Ha». Canada, frequent.— This varies in the colour and markings of the spatha. 1 Sparganium.] ö AROIDEZ. ` j 169 4, CALLA. E 1. C. palustris. L.—Ph. Am. 2. P. 399. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 1831. Rich. App. p. 36. Has. Canada, to the Saskatchawan and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. H. 5. SYMPLOCARPUS. Salisb, 1. S. fetidus (Nutt.); spatha profunde cucullata subsessili, spadice subgloboso incluso, foliis serotinis lato-cordatis petiolatis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3294.— Ictodes. Bigel.—Pothos et, Mich.—Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 836.—Dracontium feetidum. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 398. Haz. Canada. Pursh. 2. S. Kamtschaticus (Bong. Veget. Sitch. p. 50); spatha elliptica concava basi longis- sime tubulosa, spadice cylindracea exserta longe pedunculata, foliis amplis ovatis mem- branaceis in petiolum attenuatis.—Dracontium. Linn. Amen, Acad. 2. p. 362. Haz. N. W. America. Bitch, Bongard. Columbia. Dr Scouler. N. E. of Fort Vancouver, in over- flowed woods. .Dr Gairdner.—My specimens from Dr Scouler and Dr Gairdner are considerably injured : but they are sufficiently perfect to satisfy me that the plant is a Symplocarpus, and the S. Kamtschaticus of Bongard. The root is perennial, bearing large coarse fibres. Leaves, which are clothed at their base with large membranous sheaths, a foot to a foot and a half long, thin, membranaceous, ovate, but tapering gradually into a broad and short foot-stalk: the midrib very broad, especially at the base of the leaf. Spatha, includ- ing the long tube, nearly equal in length with the leaves: the tubular part sheathing the long peduncle of the spadix. 6. LEMNA. L. 1. L. trisulca. L.—Ph. Am. 1, p. 22, E. Bot. t. 926. Rich. App. p. 2. x Has. Canada, to lat. 58°. Dr Richardson. 2. L. polyrhiza. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 22. E. Bot. t. 2458. Haz, Gegend House Fort. Drummond. 3. L. minor, L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 22. Rich. App. p. 2. Haz, Canada, to lat, 589. Dr Richardson. (Lemna gibba, which is found in the Northern United States, is probably also a native of British North America ; but I have seen no specimen, nor is it recorded as such.) 7. SPARGANIUM. L. 1. S. ramosum. Sm. E. Bot. t. 144. Ph. Am. 1. p. 33.—S. erectum. L. Haz. Canada. Ph. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. (Only one specimen.) 2. S. simplex. Sm. E. Bot. t. 145. Ph. Am. 1. p. 34.—S. erectum. f. L. j Haz. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin, abundant. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. AIA G 3. S. natans. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 34. E. Bot. t. 213, Has. Canada. Ph. Alpine Lakes of the Rocky Mountains, rare. Drummond. VOL. II, Y 170 E ' NAIADES. _ [Ruppia. 8. TYPHA. L. 1. T. latifolia. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 34. E. Bot. t, 1455. Rich. App. p. 34. Haz. Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. N. W. Coast, Straits of de Fuca. Dr Scouler.—1 have not seen the T. angustifolia, L., from British N. America, but it seems not uncommon in the United States. On». V. SAURUREZE. Richard. 1. SAURURUS. ZL. 1. S. cernuus. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 252. Haz. Canada. Ph.; but I have seen no specimen. Or». VI, NAIADES. Juss. 1. NAIAS. E 1. N. Canadensis (Mich. Am. 2. p. 220); parva repetitim dichotome ramosa czspi- tosa, foliis fasciculatis oppositis membranaceis linearibus uninerviis subintegerrimis, stylo apice bi-trifido. (Tas. CLXXXIV.)—Ph. Am. 2. p. 602. Haz. Canada (in Lake St John's. Michaux). Mr Cleghorn.—A densely tufted plant, readily distin- guished from the European species of the same genus, by the nearly entire leaves and the often bifid style. My specimens are female only. It is singular that this plant does not appear to be found by any of the United * _ States botanists. I do not know what the Caulinia fragilis and flexilis of the American Floras are, unless the latter be, as I suspect, the n. 436 of Drummond, 3d Coll. of Texas plants ; but our plant does not corre- spond with that. Tas. CLXXXIV. Fig. 1, Portion of a female plant; Co. Leaf; f. 3, Female flower; f. 4, Fruit ; f. 5, The same laid open, showing the seed :—magnified. (Zostera is a native of the United States, but I am not aware that it has been gathered in the British possessions, though there is every reason to suspect its existence there; and probably that of the Caulinias too, especially in Upper Canada.) v 2. ZANNICHELLIA. Z. 1. 2. palustris. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 4. E. Bot. t. 1844. Has. N. W. America. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. : > 3. RUPPIA. Z. 1. R. maritima. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 121. E. Bot. t. 136, Haz. N. Mi America. In still bays of the Columbia. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Potamogeton.] . NAIADES. UO 4. HETEROSTYLUS. Nov. Gen. - Dioicus? Masc. —?—Fam. Spadiz e spatha (foliorum basi) erumpens, exserta, floribus nudis undique insertis sessilibus; superioribus arctis, subimbricatis stylo brevi; inferioribus sensim magis remotis stylo longiori; infimo radicali stylo filiformi longis- simo! Stigma simplex capitatum. Germen lanceolatum compressum bialatum, dorso carinatum. Frucrus: Achenium oblongum compressum, utrinque subalatum ; infimum superne bidentatum.— Herba annua? aquatica, maritima? vel salsuginosa, ore occiden- talis Americe borealis. Radix fibrosa fibris simplicibus, Folia radicalia graminea mem- branacea, tenera, striata, linearia, 6-8-uncias longa, basi vaginantia, spathacea. 1. H. gramineus. (Tas. CLXXXV.) Has. Wet plains of the Columbia. Dr Scouler.—This is an extremely curious plant, and certainly the type of a new genus, to which I have assigned the present name, from the remarkable circumstance of the female flowers or pistils (for they are perfectly destitute of any kind of floral covering), of the extremity of the spadix, having a short style, those about the middle a longer one, and those at the base, especially among the roots, where the spatha and the spadix have their origin, with a style two inches and more long, slender and filiform! It is to be regretted that very few specimens were preserved, and those having, as far as can be seen, only female flowers, Tas. CLXXXV. Fig. 1, Spadix and spatha ; f. 2, 3, 4, Female flowers; f: 5, Fruit; f. 6, The same laid open; f. 7, Seed :—magnified. 5. PHYLLOSPADIX. JVov. Gen. Dioicus? Masc.?—Fam. Spadiz e spatha curvata (foliorum basi) inclusa, canaliculata, hinc supra florifera, marginibus foliiferis, foliis seu squamis oblongis subimbricatis ; floribus nudis, serie singula subimbricatis, sessilibus. Ovarium sessile, lato-ovatum, sub- globosum. Stylus breviusculis, crassus. Stigma capitatum. Fructus —?—Herba ore occi- dentalis America borealis, aquatica, radice nodosa fibris albidis, veterum foliorum reliquiis, vestita. -Caules breves vaginati. Folia linearia, elongata, graminea, subcoriacea, siccitate . nigrescentia, nervosa, obscure costata, integerrima. Spatha lata, convoluta, curvata, spadi- cem includens. J e E 1. P. Scouleri, (Tas. CLXXXVI.) 3 Han. Dundas Island in the Columbia River, N. W. America. Dr Scouler.— This is a second new genus of Naiades which has rewarded Dr Scouler’s researches in the north-west shores of America, Its nearest affinity is doubtless with Zostera, from which the separated male flowers, the single style and stigma, and the curious leafy border to the spadix, will at once distinguish it. Tas. CLXXXVI. Fig. 1, Spatha, including the spadix ; ; f. 2, Side view of the spadix removed from the spatha; f. 3, The same, front view, the margins spread open: f. 4, Spatha, from which the spadix has been removed ; J. 5, Single pistil :—more or less magnified. 6. POTAMOGETON. L: 1. P. natans. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 120. E. Bot. t. 1832.—8. foliis y na angustis acutis. Has. Stagnant waters, Canada, to Hudson's Bay.—£. N. W. America. Mr Mentics. 7 SANERAS feme ^ 172 SMILACEZ. [Smilaz. 2. P. rufescens. Schrad.—P. fluitans. Roth.— Sm. E. Bot. t. 1286. Ph. Am. 1. p. 120. Has. The same country with the preceding ; and intermediate, as it appears, between it and the following. 3. P. heterophyllus. Schreb.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 120. E. Bot. t. 1285.—f. foliis natantibus nullis. Has. With the preceding.—ß. Cumberland House Fort. Drummond. 4. P. diversifolius. Bart.—Torrey Fl. Un. St. p. 197.—P. setaceus. Ph. (not Willd.) Haz. Norway House Fort to Canada. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—A beautiful little species, P. diversifolius in miniature, but readily known by its small size and few-flowered spikes. 5. P. perfoliatus. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 120. E. Bot. t. 168. Haz. Canada, to the Slave River. Dr Richardson. 6. P. prelongus (Wulff.); foliis oblongis-obtusis plurinerviis nervis 3 validioribus omnibus reticulatim connexis, pedunculis longissimis, spicis cylindraceis multifloris. Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 10.—9P. lucens. Torr. Fl. p. 197. Has. English River. Dr Richardson.—I think it probable that Dr Torrey’s P. lucens may be this species, for he particularly mentions the great length of the peduncle; and because I have P. prelongus also from Texas and Boston, showing that it is a widely distributed plant in N. America. The real P. lucens I do not possess from that country. 7. P. zosterafolius (Schum.) ; caule ancipiti stipulis liberis, foliis alternis lato-lineari- bus acutis plurinerviis venis tribus validioribus omnibus reticulatim connexis, spicis cylin- dricis pedunculisque elongatis. Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 69. et in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2685.— B. minor, floribus laxioribus. Has. Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan, to Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. —£. Portage la Loch. Dr Richardson ; and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond.—A very distinct and very handsome species. May not this be the P. compressus of Torrey ? 8. P. pusillus, L.—E. Bot. t. 215.—P. pauciflorus. Ph, Haz. Canada. Cleghorn. Cumberland House, and York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 9. P. pectinatus. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 121. E. Bot. t. 323.— P. marinus. L.—«. pedun- culo foliis longiori, foliis gracilioribus.—8. pedunculo foliis breviori, foliis latioribus. Has. Canada (PA.), to English River ; Dr Richardson; and from Hudson's A to alpine lakes in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast, Columbia. Dr Scouler. On». VII. SMILACEJE. Br. . 1. SMILAX. LZ. 7 S. rotundifolia (L.) ; caule tereti striato flexuoso aculeato fruticoso scandente, foliis brevi-petiolatis subrotundo-ovatis acutis subtus concoloribus, umbellis paucifloris brevis- D Streptopus.] 1 SMILACEE. MS sime petiolatis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 250.—S. caduca? and S. quadrangularis? JVilld.— Wats. Dendrol. t. 109. ; " Haz. Canada. Pursh. Drummond.—This was only gathered with ripe fruit by Mr Drummond; What I have received from the United States’ botanists as S. caduca, does not seem to differ from this species, and Dr Torrey (in Herb. nostr.) quotes the S. quadrangularis of Willd. as the same plant. 2. S. peduncularis (Muhl.); herbacea subsimplex, caule inermi erecto subscandente (siccitate) angulato, foliis sublonge petiolatis ovato-subcordatis teneris glaberrimis sensim acuminatissimis 7-9-nervis subtus pallidioribus subglaucescestibus, pedunculis longis- simis folium longe superantibus, umbellis multifloris, ovarii loculis biovulatis. (Tas. CLXXXVII. B.)—8. foliis basi acutioribus.—S. herbacea. L.—Bot. Mag. t. 1920. Haz. Canada, to Lake Winipeg and Red River. Douglas.—I think it will be found that S. herbacea is only a var. of the present species. Tas. CLXXXVII. B. Fig. 1, Female flower; f. 2, Ovary cut through vertically, showing two of the cells, each with two ovules, 3. S. lasioneuron ; herbacea subsimplex, caule inermi erecto subscandente siccitate angulato, foliis cordato-rotundatis obtusis cum acuminulo 9-nerviis supra glaberrimis subtus subglaucescentibus nervulis pilosis, pedunculis petiolum parum superantibus folio multo brevioribus, umbella multiflora. (Tas. CLXX XVII. A.) Has. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatehawan, Dr Richardson.—This is an herbaceous species, and allied to the last, though truly distinct, not only in the form of the leaves, and the downiness of the under- surface, but in the comparatively very short peduncles. Tas. CLXXXVII. A. S. LastonzURoN. Fig. 1, Flower. 2. STREPTOPUS. Mich. 1. S. distortus (Mx.) ; foliis oblongo-ovatis amplexicaulibus marginibus nudis subtus glaucis, pedicellis elongatis distortis geniculatis, sepalis longe acuminatis reflexis, antheris acutissimis integris, stigmate truncato. (TaB. CLXXXVIII. A.)—Ph. Am. 1. p. 232. Torrey. 1. p. 353.— S. amplexifolius. De Cand.— Uvularia. L. Ha». Canada, to the Saskatchawan, and from Newfoundland and Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Moun- tains, and thence to the Columbia, and north to Fort M'Laughlin and Sitcha, on the N. W. coast. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Bongard. Tolmie, &c.— The most careful comparison of this and the European S. amplezifolius have satisfied me that the two plants offer no specific distinction whatever. I prefer, however, Michaux's name as much more characteristic, Tas. CLXXXVIII. A. S. pisrortus. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, 2, Outer and inner sepal, with the stamen. Ff. 3, Pistil. : 2. S. roseus (Mx.); foliis oblengo-ovatis amplexicaulibus marginibus ciliatis subtus concoloribus, pedicellis breviusculis reflexis, sepalis angustis acuminatis apicibus patenti- bus, antheris apice bifidis, stigmatibus trifidis. (Tas. CLXXXVII. B.)— Ma. Am. 1. p. 201. t. 18. Ph. Am. 1. p. 232. Torrey. 1. p. 852.— Uvularia rosea. Pers. —Bot. Mag. t. 1489. 174 SMILACER. : [Uvularia. Haz. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan. Dr Todd. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. Coast, from the Columbia to lat 58°. Douglas. Tolmie. Dr Scouler. Bongard.—Readily distinguished from the -preceding by the ciliation, and by the colour of the under surface, by the shorter and not peculiarly distorted pedicels, and by the smaller flowers, with narrower, more erect, and more distinctly placed sepals; and especially by the bifid anthers and trifid stigma, in which latter particular it seems to connect this genus with the following. Tas. CLXXXVIII. B. Fig. 1, Flower; € 2, Sepal and stamen ; f. 3, pistil :—magnified. 3. UVULARIA. Z. 1. U. lanuginosa (Pers.) ; foliis ovatis acuminatis sessilibus impunctatis ciliatis inferiori- bus amplexantibus junioribus subtus pedunculisque binis terminalibus pubescentibus, perianthii basi acuta foliolis lineari-lanceolatis, stylo glaberrimo. Ker. Bot. Mag. t. 1409.— Streptopus lanugin. Ma.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 232. Torrey. 1. p. 353.—Uvularia puberula. Rich. App. p. 10, cum descr. (certe.) an Mich. Am. 1. p. 199 ?—8. major ; foliis majoribus basi cordatis amplexantibus sepalisque obtusissimis distincte reticulatim venosis. Haz. Woody country, Lake Winipeg, to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— Columbia River, N. W. Coast. Tolmie. Gairdner.—8. Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort. Dr Richardson.—This plant is certainly rather an Uvularia than a Streptopus ; and, besides the following, there are several nearly allied species in Northern India, such as Uvularia Hamiltoniana and U. calcarata, &c. of Wallich. "The stem in all is rather tall, dichotomously branched, the leaves broad, distichous, the flowers more or less drooping, more or less clustered, and terminal; the sepals nectariferous, the anthers oblong obtuse, the stigma trifid. What Michaux's Uvularia puberula is, I am unable to say, probably, as Dr Richardson conceives, the present plant; but Michaux says, “affinis U. sessilifolia,” which is certainly not the case with our plant. Sir James Smith confounded it with the following species, from the shores of the Pacific. 2. U. Smithii ; foliis ovatis acuminatis sessilibus nitidis punctatis ciliatis glabris juniori- bus subtus ad nervos puberulis, pedunculis terminalibus binis styloque pubescentibus, perianthii basi lata truncata foliolis lanceolatis. (Tas. CLXXXIX.)—U. puberula. Sm. in Rees. Cycl. (not Mich.) Haz. Nutka Sound. Mr Menzies. Dr Scouler.— This appears to be a very distinct species in the flowers, of which we find a remarkable approach to the U. calcarata, where the base of each sepal forms a nectari- ferous spur, while in ours it forms an angle, thus giving the peculiar truncated appearance to the base of the flower. The leaves are shining, very pellucid, beautifully reticulated with transverse veins, and marked all over, and on both sides, with small brown dots. It is probably rare. I possess but one specimen from each of the above travellers ; but I must observe, that the species of this genus appear liable to much variation ; and some of the western speci of U. lanugi are a little more obtuse than usual at the base, and a little downy at the lower part of the style. Tas. CLXXXIX. Fig. 1, Portion of a leaf; f. 2, Sepal and stamen: f. 3, Pistil :—magnified. 3. U. perfoliata (L.); foliis perfoliatis ellipticis cum acuminulo, flore terminali soli- tario pendulo, perianthio campanulato intus papilloso, antheris acutis. Sm. Ex. Fl, 1. p. 95. t. 49. Ph. Am. 1. p. 231. Bot. Mag. t. 955.—U. perfoliata, minor. Mz. Am, 1. p. 199. Has. Canada. Pursh.—I possess garden specimens of this species, which appear distinct, and others from Boston, United States; but I have received none from Canada, or any part of British N. America. Smilacina.] - SMILACEZ. E AS 4. U. grandiflora (Sm.); foliis perfoliatis elliptico-oblongis acutis, flore terminali soli- tario pendulo, perianthio longe campanulato intus nudo, laciniis acuminatis, antheris longe linearibus obtusis. Sm. Ex. Fl. p. 99. t. 51. Bot. Mag. t. 1212. Ph. Am. l. p. 391. —U. perfoliata, major. Mx, Am. 1. p. 199.—U. lanceolata. Willd. Haz. Lake Huron, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Todd. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—The much longer and more acuminated and yellower sepals, free from papille, and the very long and obtuse anthers, will readily distinguish this from the preceding. The U. Jlava, Sm. (Ez. Fl. t. 50), from Carolina, however, _ seems almost intermediate, having larger and longer and yellower flowers, like the present, and papillose sepals and pointed short See like the former. 5. U. sessilifolia (L.); foliis sessilibus oblongo-subovatis acutis, flore terminali solitario pendulo, perianthio oblongo-campanulato intus levi laciniis obtusis, antheris linearibus obtusis. Sm. Ex. Fl. 1. p. 101. t. 52. Ma. Am. 1. p. 199. Ph. Am. 1. p. 233. Has. New Brunswick Ese Kendal), and throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Mr Drummond. 4, SMILACINA. Deet 1. S. borealis (Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1403); foliis subradicalibus obovato-oblongis acutis plerumque ciliatis, scapo glabro folia longe superante umbella pauci-(3-6)-flora ebrac- teata, perianthii campanulati nutantis laciniis lanceolatis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 232.—Draceena borealis. Ait. Kew. ed. 1. t, 5. Has. New Brunswick. Dr Todd. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Canada. Pursh. Mrs Percival; to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—Flowers yellowish.green.— This is very different from the S; umbellulata (Mx.), which has much smaller and more copious white flowers, whith spreading obovate sepals, and was gathered by Mr Drummond in the Pn where Michaux first T it; but its northern boundary is within the States. 2. S. uniflora (Menz. mst.); foliis subradicalibus 2-3 obovato-lanceolatis acutis subtus margine pilosis, scapo pubescente unifloro longitudine foliorum, perianthii hirsuti lato- campanulati erecti laciniis obovato-lanceolatis. (Tas. CXC.)— S. borealis. 8. uniflora. Roem, Syst. Veget. v. Y. p. 307. Haz. N. W. America, from Fort Vancouver to Observatory Inlet, and on mountains of the interior. Mr Menzies. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie.— An extremely different species from the last, much smaller, with narrower foliage, and a solitary flower almost twice the size of that of S. borealis, and much more hairy. The berries are, when recent, of a fine rich blue colour (Douglas). Root very long, and stoloniferous. Tas. CXC. Fig. l, Sepal and stamen: |f: 2, Pistil :—magnified. 3. S. trifolia (Desf.); caule alterne trifoliato, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi angustata amplexantibus, racemo simplici terminali laxo. PA. Am. 1. p. 233.—Conval- laria. L.—Torrey. 1. p. 354. Gmel. Sib, 1. €. 6. ` Has. Swamps throughout Canada, to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Labrador. Miss Brenton.— This is certainly the same as the Siberian plant of the same name. ML. * - E SMILACEE. . . [Polygonatum. 4. S. stellata (Desf.); caule alterne plurifoliato, foliis ovali-lanceolatis acutis basi sub- rotundatis, racemo simplici terminali, PA. Am. 1. p. 232.—Convallaria. L.—Torrey. 1. p. 354. Bot. Mag. t. 1043. Haz. From Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, and from Hudson's Bay (Dr Wright) to the Rocky Mountains, Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. Coast and interior, Douglas. Tolmie. Dr Scouler.— The berries are esteemed poisonous ; the root is employed as an emetic. (Richardson.) 5. S. racemosa (Desf.); caule alterne plurifoliato, foliis sessilibus oblongo-ovalibus acuminatis, racemo terminali composito. Ph. Am. 1. p. 234.—Convallaria. L.— Torrey. l. p. 354. Bot. Mag. t. 899. Has. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond. N. W. America. Dr Scouler.— More or less pubescent. The largest of the N. American species (the leaves a span and more long), with the smallest and most copious flowers. , 5. S. bifolia (Roem.); caule alterne bi-trifoliato, foliis ovato-cordatis sessilibus vel petio- latis, racemo simplici terminali, floribus tetrandris tetrasepalis.—Convallaria. L.— Mich. — Bot. Mag. t. 510. Torrey. 1. p. 253.—Maianthemum Canadense. Desf.—Convall. Canad. Ph. Am. 1. p. 233. Ha». Throughout Canada to Bear Lake; and from Hudson's Bay and Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains. N. W. America, frequent. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie.—A very common and a variable plant. More or less downy or glabrous. Leaves sessile or petiolate, (in some of the specimens from Fort Simpson and from Sitcha, on the N. W. coast, the petiole is 3-4 inches long,*) broadly cordate or narrow ovato-cordate. There is no reason whatever for considering the American plant different from the European one. 5. POLYGONATUM. Desf. 1. P. multiflorum. Desf.—Convallaria. L.—E. Bot. t. 279.—8. Americanum ; floribus brevioribus foliis subtus plerumque pubescentibus.—Convallaria multiflora. Ph. Elliott. Torrey.—P. pubescens, P. canaliculatum, P. hirtum, P. latifolium, and P. angustifolium, of Ph. (Convallaria alior.), may perhaps all be safely referred to this, Has. Canada, Pursh, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Lady Dalhousie—All the specimens of Polygonatum that I have received, under very different names, from the United States botanists, it appears to me, are referable to the European P. multiflorum : but the leaves are generally downy beneath, and the flowers are certainly shorter and greener, not so slender in proportion to their length, nor so much contracted near the middle (more cylindrical), as in the European specimen. In the dried specimens, the rounded suc- culent stem, from shrinking, becomes more or less angular or channelled, whence seems to have arisen the P. canaliculatum of Muhlenberg. The P. angustifolium (C. biflora, Walt. and Torrey) is only a narrow leaved var.— The single specimen found at the Saskatchawan is in fruit, and is quite glabrous on both sides of the foliage. . " This is S. bifolia, var. Kamtschatica of Bongard in Herb. nostr., and appears to be pretty constant to its cha- racter inthe very northern regions, both on the Asiatic and American side. I have the same from Kamtschatka, from Pallas’ Herbarium. 3 : Zigadenus.] MELANTHACEE. 177 Oro. VIII. MELANTHACEZE. Br. Lindl. 1. LEIMANTHIUM. Willd. 1. L. hybridum (Roem.) ; panicula racemosa elongata, sepalis orbicularibus me EES longe unguiculatis, glandulis connatis. Gray. Melanth. Am. Sept. Rev. p. 116.—Melan- thium hybridum. Walt.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 242. Torrey. 1. p. 367. Nuttall, —M. racemosum. Mich, Ha». Upper Canada. Mr Goldie (in Herb. nostr.).—Nuttall describes the leaves as elliptic-oblong : Torrey, as they are in our specimens, long and linear, 2. L. Nuttallii ; racemo compacto demum elongato, bracteis subulato-lanceolatis basi membranaceis pedicellos floriferos superantibus, sepalis ovatis undulatis unguiculatis, . foliis linearibus conduplicatis marginibus scaberrimis, bulbo tunicato.—Amianthium Nuttallii. Gray. l. c. p. 123.— Helonias angustifolia, Nutt. (non Mz.) and H. paniculata. Nutt, ( fide Gray.) , Has. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Common both to the north and south of the Columbia, on dry gravelly soils. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner.—“ Poison or Death Camass” of the Chenooks, from the violent effects of the roots, which create vomiting. Bulb about the size of a chestnut. Stem 1-2 feet high, sparingly leafy. Pedicels much elongated, erect after flowering. Capsules (of three slightly com- bined follicles) half an inch and more long, oblong-triangular, surrounded at the base with the withered perianth, and terminated by the three nearly erect persistent styles, opening at the top between the styles. Seeds, about two perfect ones in each cell, oblong somewhat 3-angular, the angles almost forming wings. The sepals are distinctly clawed, and at the top of the claw is a depression, where the sides, lapping over a little, give the appearance of two small scales: but the nectary is rather a depression than an appendage. The habit of the plant is extremely like that of Helonias angustifolia, but the sepals are of a very different structure. 2. ZIGADENUS. Mich. 1. Z. chloranthus (Rich. App. p. 12); scapo pauci-folioso, racemo subsimplici, sepalis obovatis obtusis, glandula obcordata profunde emarginata.—Z. commutatus. Schult, Syst. Veget. 1. p. 1560. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 161.—Z. glaberrimus. Ker, Bot. Mag. t. 1680, (not Mich.) —Z. glaucus? Nutt. Pl. of Rocky M. p. 56. Gray. l c. p. 113.— Melanthium glaucum ? Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 232.—8. major ; foliis longioribus, scapo pani- culato.—Z. speciosus. Dougl. mst.—Z. pr Hook. et Arn, in Bot. of Beech. p. 160. (not Mich.) Has. Upper Canada. Nuttall? Goldie; to Great Bear Lake: and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Rich- ardson. Drummond.—f. Rocky Mountains (with «.), and to the vallies on the west side. Drummond. Douglas. Murray Bay, Canada. Mrs Sheppard.—(To this var. I would refer the Californian Z. glaberri- mus of the Bot. of Beechey’s Voy.)—I am quite satisfied that the Z. glaberrimus of Bot. Mag. is this plant, and that it is a very distinct species from the real glaberrimus of Mx., of which I have Georgian specimens from Dr Torrey, in which the sepals are ovato-lanceolate, and the two glands are apart from each other and very conspicuous: here they are combined into one obcordate gland. The species is, however, liable to considerable variation in the size, in the more or less leafy stem, in the length of the leaves, and in the more or less paniculated raceme. I do not know whether to infer from the following remark of Nuttall that he VOL. Il, Z 178 MELANTHACEE. [ Veratrum. considers the Z. chloranthus to be identical with his Z. glaucus or not. “Why,” he says, “this species (Z. glaucus) should have been changed to the name of chloranthus, by Richardson, I am at a loss to conceive, since the flower is more white than any other colour.” He does not, however, adduce it as a synonym: and further remarks—** the northern plant is probably something different.” 2. 2. elegans (Ph.); scapo subnudo, bracteis linearibus, petalis acutis. Ph. Am. 1. p. 241. Haz. Waters of Cokablaishkit River, near the Rocky Mountains. M. Lewis (in PA.) In the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia, and on the banks of the Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. (?) Douglas, mst.—1 have no specimen in Mr Douglas’ collection, but there can scarcely be a question that his plant is Z. chloranthus, whatever Pursh's may be. 3. Z. glaucus (Nutt. in Pl. of Rocky M. p. 56) ; “bulbo tunicato, foliis glaucis gramineis marginatis, racemo plerumque simplici paucifloro, floribus hermaphroditis, petalis rotun- datis unguiculatis bimaculatis, seminibus subulato-alatis." —Melanthium glaucum. Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 232. Haz. Banks of the St Lawrence, around the Cataract of Niagara, and on the borders of Lakes Erie and Huron. Nuttall.—This seems to be only known to Mr Nuttall, if it be really distinct from Z. chloranthus. 3. XEROPHYLLUM. Mich. 1. X. tenax (Ph.); foliis longissimis tenacissimis lineari-acuminatissimis marginibus scabris subtus glaucis, racemis longissimis densifloris, pedicellis erectis, filamentis fili- formibus perianthium superantibus, bracteis membranaceis. Ph. Am. 1l. p. 243. t. 9. Gray. l. c. p. 129.—X. setifolium. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1613. (viz Mz.) Has. High lands of the Rocky Mountains (JM. Lewis), and summits of the hills around Mount Hood, Mount St Helens, and the Cascade Mountains. Douglas. Near the summit of Mount Rainier. Zolmie.— Stem 2-4 feet high. Leaves 2-3 feet long, drooping, chiefly from the root : having, as Mr Douglas remarks, the habit of Bonapartea juncea. It is one of the greatest ornaments of the western mountains, and the natives make baskets, hats, pouches, bags, bottles, mats for sleeping on, &c., of its strong foliage. Racemes a foot and more long. Capsules triangulari-orbicular, 3-celled, 3-6-seeded, seeds oblong, triangular, and some- what winged at the angles. ' iy 4. HELONIAS. Linn. 1. H. dioica. Ph. Am. 1. p. 243. Gray. l. c. p. 132.—H. lutea. Ait, — Bot. Mag. t. 1062.—H. pumila. Jacg.— Veratrum luteum. L. ` Has. Canada. Gray. 5. VERATRUM. Z. l. Y, viride. Ait, Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 422. Ph. Am. 1. p. 242. Gray. l. c. p. 118.—V. album. Mich. Am. 2. p. 249. (an Linn. 2?) —Helonias viridis. Bot. Mag. t. 1096. —V. parviflorum. Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 48. viz Mx.—V. Lobelianum. B. Esch- scholzianum. Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 7. p. 1555.—V. Eschscholzii. Gray. l c. p. 119. Dan, Canada, to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. Drummond; and from the Columbia on the west side to Stikine. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner.—The north-western plant is the same as the eastern one; and probably the V. Lobelianum, B. Schultz CV. parviflorum, Bong.), from Nor- Medeola.] MELANTHACEE. 179 folk Sound, and from Sitcha, is merely a small flowered variety. The original V. parviflorum is a Carolina plant. Again, the V. angustifolium of Pursh (foliis longissimis linearibus carinatis), of which the original specimens are from the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina, that author has, in his Suppl., considered to be also a native of Canada, because he found a specimen in Sherard's herbarium, marked “ Phalangium Canadense,” Ze, ; but this, I fear, is not alone sufficient authority for introducing it into a Flora of British America. I have a Mexican Veratrum ( V. officinale, Klotzsch, mst.) which, in the foliage, well agrees with Pursh’s V. angustifolia.. Perhaps the V. viride is not really distinct from the European V. album. Gawler says the sepals are broader; but they vary in the American plant considerably. 6. TOFIELDIA. Huds. 1. T. palustris (Huds.); racemo ovato denso, floribus fructibusque erectis, pedicellis ad basin tribracteolatis, scapo nudo vel raro inferne subunifoliato. E. Bot. t. 536. Gray. l. c. p. 134. —T: borealis. Wahl.—T. pusilla? Ph, Am. 1. p. 246. Haz. Labrador (Dr Morrison), and Hudson's Bay to Bear Lake Rivers ; in the north, and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Lake Mistassins? Ph.— Flowers pale yellowish-white. 9. T. coccinea (Rich. App. p. 1 1); racemo spicato ovato-globoso, floribus subsessili- bus, fructibus arcte reflexis involucratis, involucro triphyllo, scapo bi-trifoliato folio unico supra medium. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 130. t. 30 (29 in text, by mistake). Gray. l. c. p. 135.—T. borealis. Cham. in Linnea. 6. p. 584 (non Wahl.).—ß. major ; pedicellis longioribus involucri foliolis alternis. Han. z. Barren grounds from lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea; about Jasper’s Lake on the Rocky Mountains, and on the west coast, north of lat, 58°, to Unalaschka. Mr Menzies. Nelson. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Chamisso,—f. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.— This plant is readily known from the preceding by its more flaccid leaves and leafy scape ; by the sessile flowers, deeply tinged with red, and the larger bracteas, which form a complete involucre beneath the flower; and, above all, by the singularly de- flexed dark-purple fruit. I possess it from Siberia, from Pallas’ herbarium, where it is mixed with 7. palus- tris, though most assuredly a totally distinct species. The var. with more elongated pedicels, of which only two specimens were gathered by Dr Richardson on the Mackenzie River, must not be confounded with T. cernua, Sm:, a plant of Gmelin, which has the flowers drooping but the fruit erect ; but it is the same with “ S. cernua? Sm." of Turczaninow, in Herb. nostr., gathered “in alpe Kawokta,” in Siberia, 3. T. glutinosa (Ph.) ; racemo coarctato, pedicellis 1-3-nis basi tribracteatis superne calyculo seu involuero monophyllo obscure trifido sub flore, scapo parce folioso apice pedicellisque glanduloso-scabris. (Tas. CXCI.)—Ph. Am. 1. p. 246. Sm. l c: p. 246. Gray. l c. p. 138.—Narthecium glutinosum. Mz. Am. 1. p. 210. t. 8. f. 2. Has. Throughout Canada, to Hudson's Bay and Bear Lake, Dr Richardson, and to the Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Stikine and Sitcha. Bongard. Tolmie.—1 doubt if the T. pubens of the United States be really different from this, except in the less viscid or not viscid glands. Tas. CXCI. Fig. 1, Flowers :—magnified ; f. 2, Raceme of capsules :—nat. size; f: 3, Young cap- sule ; f. 4, Single ripe capsule :—magnified. . Ss 7. MEDEOLA. L. 1. M. Virginica, L.—Ph, Am. 1. p. 244. Bot. Mag. t. 1316.—Gyromia. Nutt, Torr. Haz. Canada. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. 180 MELANTHACER. ` [ Trillium. 8. TRILLIUM. Z. 1, T. petiolatum (Ph. Am. 1. p. 244); foliis cordatis obtusis longe petiolatis, flore sessili, petiolis sepalisque lanceolatis erecto-patentibus, caule perbrevi vaginato. (Tas. CXCII.) Haz. N. W. America. Waters of the Koos-koosky. MM. Lewis. Common on the springy banks of the Spokan River, near its confluence with the Columbia. Douglas.—This is the most distinct of all the species, remarkable for its cordate, not rhomboidal leaves, and the great length of the petioles. In the structure of the flowers it comes nearest to T. sessile; but the sepals are nearly as long as the petals, and more erect. Petals dark purple. Tas. CXCII. Fig. 1, Petal; f 2, Stamens and pistil :—magnified. 2. T. erythrocarpum. Mich. Am. 1. p. 216. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3002 (not Gawl. t. 855). —T. pictum. Ph. Haz. Canada.—Readily distinguished by the short but distinct petiole to the leaves. 3. T. ovatum (Ph. 4m. 1. p. 249); pedunculo erecto, petalis (pallide purpureis) oblongis calyce lineari paullo longioribus, foliis ovatis sensim acutis arcte sessilibus. Haz. Columbia River. M. Lewis. Woods about Fort Vancouver. Dr Gairdner. Douglas, whose speci- mens have pale purple flowers, and quite answer to, Pursh’s character. 4. T. cernuum., L.—Ph. Am. l. p. 248. Bot. Mag. t. 945. Haz. Canada. Kalm. Nova Scotia. Menzies. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack; and from the Saskat- chawan to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 5. T. erectum. L.—«. flore atro-purpureo. Ph. Am, 1. p. 245. Bot. Mag. t. 470. T. rhomboideum. Mz.—8. petalis albis. Mz. Am. l. c. “Bot. Mag. t. 1027. y. petalis ochro- leucis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3250.—T. pendulum. Willd. Haz. æ. Lake Huron, and throughout Canada, frequent.—é. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Percival.— y. Canada. Mr Cleghorn. 6. T. obovatum (Ph. Am. 1. p. 245); pedunculo erecto, petalis obovatis obtusiusculis planis patentibus calyce vix longioribus et latioribus, foliis ovato-rhombeis acuminatis arcte sessilibus, Ph. I. c. — Hook. et. Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 117. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. 1. p. 21. t. 29.—T. Kamtschaticum. Pall. Herb. Haz. Canada, (?) Ph. Columbia ; about Fort Vancouver, abundant. Zolmie.— The original plant is from Kamtschatka, and our Columbia specimens quite agree with them: but I have not seen any Canadian specimens that can exactly be referred to it. At the same time, I am not sure if this be permanently distinct from T. grandiflorum. - 7. T. grandiflorum. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 1. (excl. Syn.) Ph. Am. 1. p. 246.—T. erythrocarpum. Bot. Mag. t. 855. (non Mz.) —T. rhomboideum. var. grandiflorum. Mz. Has. Lake Huron and throughout Canada. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Columbia River, N. W. Coast. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Fritillaria.] LILIACEE. 181 Orn. IX. LILIACEZE. Juss. 1. LILIUM. Z. 1. L. Philadelphicum. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 229. Bot. Mag. t. 519.—8. floribus 2-4 subumbellatis. - Has. Lake Huron (Dr Todd), throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan and Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—f. Observatory Inlet, on the N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. 2. E. Canadense. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 229.—«. uniflorum. Bot. Mag. t. 229.—8. pluri- florum. Bot. Mag. t. 858.—y. parviflorum. Haz. z. P. Canada.—y. N. W. Coast. Columbia and Walamet Rivers. Douglas. Tolmie.—My N. W. American specimens have much smaller flowers, of a redder hue, and are more disposed to be revolute; yet I dare not venture upon making them distinct. One specimen of this var. has the leaves very broad and obtuse. 8. L. superbum. L.—Ph. Am. p. 230. Bot. Mag. t. 936.—8. uniflorum, L. Caro- linianum. Ph. 8 — Bot, Reg. t. 580. Haz. Canada. Ph.—f. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson.—Of the 8. a single flowering specimen only was found. Its leaves are an inch broad: the flowers exactly agreeing with the figure of Z. Carolinianum in Bot. Reg. above quoted, except in being rather more spotted. Are the two really distinct ? 2. FRITILLARIA. Z. 1. F, Kamtschatcensis (Fisch. in Herb. nostr.) ; radice omnino granulata, foliis verti- cillatis subquaternis lato-lanceolatis tenui-membranaceis supremis oppositis solitariisve, floribus terminalibus 1-2 cernuis unicoloribus, sepalis lato-lanceolatis arcte nervosis nervis lamellatis glandulosisque, capsulis obtuse 5-angulatis. (Tas. CXCIII. A.) —Lilium Kamt- schatcense. L.—Lamb. in Linn. Trans. v. x. t. 12. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 118. — L. quadrifoliatum. Meyer in Relig. Hank. Fasc. 2. p. 126. ^ Has. N. W. Coast, on the beach. Observatory Inlet, to Stikine Sound, Sitcha, and Unalaschka. Cha- misso. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Bongard.—Both in this and the following species there is an evident elon- gated depression or nectary near the base of each sepal, the stigma is trifid, and the habit is altogether that of a Fritillary, rather than of any Lilium. Voyagers to Kamtschatka (where this species seems more abun- dant than on the American coast) bring home small white granulated esculent roots, dried on strings ; these are the bitter tubers of this Fritillary, which are also copiously eaten by the Indians of Stikine, and known by the names of Koch or N. W. Rice; but Mr Tolmie says they are bitter and nauseous. Tas. CXCIII. A. Fig. 1, Sepal and stamen of Fa tApa KAMTSCHATCENSIS5 f. 8, A lamella from the sepal :—magnified ; f. 3, capsule :—nat. size. * 2, F. lanceolata (Ph. Am. 1. p. 230. excl. syn.) ; radice bulbo parvo bulbillifero, foliis verticillatis subquaternis anguste lanceolatis crassiusculis supremis oppositis solitariisve, floribus terminalibus 1-2 cernuis luteo purpureoque tessellatis, sepalis obovato-oblongis laxe nervosis elamellatis, capsulis prorapos 5-alatis. (Tas. CXCIII.)—Lilium affine. Schult. Syst. Veget. 7. p. 400. 182 LILIACEE. [Erythronium. Has. Head waters of the Missouri and Columbia. M. Lewis (in;Ph.). Nutka Sound. Menzies. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Douglas. Tobmie.—Habit of the preteding, but smaller and of a more rigid texture throughout. Leaves much narrower. Flowers tessellated. Sepals with much laxer nervation, the nerves quite destitute of lamell and glands. Capsule and roots also exceedingly different. Tas. CXCIII. B. FnITILLARIA LANCEOLATA. Fig. 1, Sepal and stamen: f. 2, Pistil :—magnified ; f. 8, Capsule :—nat. size, s / 3. F.?- pudica; foliis alternis lineari-lanceolatis, flore terminali solitario pendulo campanulato, sepalis obovato-spathulatis sessilibus, stigmate integro.—Lilium pudicum. Ph. Am. l.p. 228. t, 8, ` Ha». Head waters of the Missouri. At. Lewis. Common on the banks of streams from the Great Falls of “the Columbia, to the vallies of the mountains near the source of the Missouri, Douglas.—Habit of Fritil- laria, and the sepals have an obscure nectary ; but the stigma is simple. Perhaps it should form a distinct genus, which might include F. Fleischeri, Stend. et Hochst. from Smyrna, and F. tulipiflora, Bieb., which have altogether the habit of the present plant.— A small and very graceful species, with a solitary terminal very drooping flower, according to Pursh of a pale yellow colour. 3. ERYTHRONIUM. Z. 1. E. Americanum (Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1113); foliis oblongo-seu elliptico-lanceolatis punctatis, pedunculo unifloro, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis ad medium reflexis, stylo clavato trigono, stigmate triangulari integro.—E. Dens Canis, var. Mz,—Willd.— E. lanceolatum. Ph. Am. 1. p. 230.— E. flavum. Sm. in Rees. Cycl. ~ Haz. Canada, frequent.— Leaves distinctly dotted with minute papillæ, which are indistinct or wholly wanting in the following species. What 1 have for E. albidum, Ph., from Drs Beck and Torrey, seems merely a white-flowered var. of this, with less conspicuous papillæ on the leaves.* ; 2. E grandiflorum (Ph.) ; foliis oblongo-seu elliptico-lanceolatis vix punctatis, pedun- culo l-paucifloro, sepalis lanceolatis valde acuminatis fere ab ima basi reflexis, stigmate tripartito.—«. minor ; caule unifloro, flore flavo.—E. grandiflorume Ph. Am. 1. p. 231. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. Y186.— 8. giganteum ; caule 2-5-floro, floribus flavis. —E. giganteum. Lindl, l. c. ad calcem.—,. albiflorum ; caule elatiori unifloro, flore albo.—é. Smithii ; caule elato unifloro, flore purpureo-roseo.—E. revolutum. Sm. in Rees. Cycl. Haz. æ. N. W. America. Banks of Koos-koosky River, M. Lewis.—«. and B. Summit of the low hills : near the junction of Spokan River with the Columbia, and in the vallies west of the Rocky mountains, often in blossom before the snow has disappeared. D glas.—y. Fort Vancouver. Menzies.—It will be seen that the indefatigable and venerable Menzies was the first to discover this fine and very distinct species, though he only appears to have found a pale purple-flowered variety. Specimens in my collection bear from 1 to 4 flowers, and they are so described in Douglas mst. "The colour of the blossom seems very variable. y * I possess from Dr Boott a very remarkable state of this plant, or a distinct species, from Vermont, U, S., E. bracteatum, Boott, mst. The leaves are lanceolate, and taper gradually into the foot-stalk. The flower is small (4 of an inch long), greenish, and there is a bractea on the peduncle, indicating a disposition to bear more than one flower. Only one specimen was found. Se r Allium. i ASPHODELEE. 183 4. CALOCHORTUS. Ph. Flores erecti, explanati, patentes. Sepala glabra, convoluto-acuminata. _ Pet. majora, rotundata, plana, medio barbata, basi maculata glabra. Stylus 0. Stigmata 3. Caps. triangularis, coriacea. Semina serie simplici affixa, plana, testa suberosa.— Bulbi tuni- cati, foliis convoluto-acuminatis rigidis. Lindl. 1. C. macrocarpus (Dougl. Hort. Trans. 7. p. 276. t. 8); caule 3-5-phyllo bifloro, petalis preeter fasciculum pilorum glabris, capsulis erectis lineari-oblongis. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1152. Has. N. W. Interior. Great Falls and southern branches of the Columbia. Douglas.—One of the most lovely of plants ; flowers large purple. 2. C. nitidus (Dougl. Hort. Trans. 1. p. 217. t. 9. A); caule 2-3-phyllo quadrifloro, petalis interioribus przter pilorum fasciculum sparse lanatis, capsulis erectis ovalibus. Haz. N. W. Interior. Vallies of the Blue Mountains, and mountainous district of the Columbia, and about Spokan River. Douglas. 3. C. elegans (Ph. Am. 1. p. 240) ; caule 1-folio 1-5-floro, petalis interioribus obovatis intus toto pilosis, floribus subcernuis.—Cyclobothria elegans. Benth. Lindl.—«. minor ; caule unifloro. Dougl. in Hort. Trans. v. 7. t. 9. B. (left-hand figure.) —B. major s caule 3-5-floro. Dougl. l. c. t. 9. B. (right-hand figure.) Haz. æ. Recesses of the Rocky Mountains, near the regions of perpetual snow. Douglas.—f. In the vallies of the Columbia. Douglas. Banks of the Wallamet. Tolmie.—My specimens from the Wallamet agree with the larger variety of Mr Douglas, but are still larger, a foot high, and with flowers full twice the size of a, In other respects the two plants accord. The blossoms appear white, with a bluish tinge. Mr Bentham refers this to Cyclobothria of Sweet: but it appears to me, if the two genera are to be kept sepa- rate, that this is more naturally allied to Calochortus. The flowers can scarcely be called drooping, and the seeds, which are said to differ in the two genera, are not known in this plant. But be that as it may, the name Calochortus must be retained to the present species, being the very one on which the genus was founded. Oro. X. ASPHODELEZ. L. 1. ANTHERICUM. ZL. 1. A. serotinum. L.—E. Bot. t. 193.—Lloydia. Salisb. Lindl.—Nectarobothrium. Ledeb.—Rhabdocrinum. Reich. 3 Has, Unalaschka, Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.). Northern Arctic Coast, rare. Dr Richardson.— Only four specimens were gathered by Dr Richardson, and the flowers varied from 1-3 on a stem. 2. ALLIUM. Z. 1. A. striatum, Jacq. Ic. Rar. 2. t. 366. Bot. Mag. t. 1035. and 1524. Ph. Am. 1. p. 222. —Ornithogalum bivalve. L. Haz, Cultivated in the Bot. Garden of Glasgow, from seeds received from the N, W. Coast. 184 ASPHODELEE. LAllium. 2. A. cernuum. Roth.— Bot. Mag. t. 1394. Ph. Am. 1. p. 222. Haz. Lake Erie. Mr Goldie. 3. A. stellatum (Fraser, Cat.); bulbo oblongo-ovato, foliis radicalibus linearibus, scapo elongato tereti, umbella erecta multiflora laxe fastigiata, sepalis (roseis) oblongo-ovatis acutis longitudine staminum, ovario trilobo, lobis superne bicristatis. (Tas. CXCIV.) —Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1576. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Nutka, where the bulbs are used as an esculent.—A foot to a foot and a half high. Bulb ovate, gradually narrowing upwards, and, as well as the lower part of the leaves, sheathed with a lacerated membrane. Leaves shorter than the scape, linear, flat, all arising from the root. Umbel of from 10 to 16 rather small, bright rose-coloured flowers. Sepals ovate, acute. Germen of 3 lobes, each with a double wing-like crest at the top, which remains and forms part of the fruit, and which is the most striking mark of the species. Seeds pitted. Tas. CXCIV. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Perianth laid open; f. 3, Pistil; f. 4, Fruit :—magnified. 4. A. reticulatum (Fraser, Cat.) ; bulbo oblongo extus dense reticulatim fibroso, foliis radicalibus, umbella erecta multiflora dense fastigiata, sepalis ovato-acuminatis (albis) stamina superantibus, ovario apice breviter sexfido. (Tas. CXCV.)—A. stellatum. f. Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1840.—A. angulosum. Ph. Am. 1. p. 223.. Rich. App. p. 10. (non Linn.) Has. Woody country, especially about Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. Douglas. Interior of Columbia, and along the N. W. Coast, to Nutka. Menzies. Douglas.—The species of Allium in the pre- sent collection, though few in number, are extremely puzzling. The Carlton House specimens of the present plant seem to correspond exactly with the Allium stellatum, B. Gawl. (which is considered the A. reticulatum of Fraser), especially in the densely matted fibrous coat to the roots, which occasioned the specific name : but Dr Richardson's speci of A. angul. , which 1 refer to this, and some of the north-west specimens, have not this fibrous covering to the root ; but as it is but loosely attached, it may have been accidentally removed. This plant is remarkable for the white, glossy flowers ; in shape, and in that of the leaves, very much resembling A. stellatum, of which Mr Gawler seemed inclined to consider it a variety ; but the sepals are narrower, the stamens shorter, and the double crest upon the lobes of the germen and capsule are very much more indistinct. These plants can be but ill understood without figures and analysis of the flowers. Tas. CXCV. Fig. 1, Flower; f.2, Perianth laid open; f. 3, Pistil; f. 4, Capsule :—magnified. 5. A. acuminatum ; foliis linearibus brevibus paücis radicalibus, scapo humili tereti, umbella pluriflora patente, sepalis roseis subovalibus acuminatissimis basi gibbosis interi- oribus minute serrulatis apicibus recurvis, staminibus perianthio duplo fere brevioribus, ovario 3-lobo, stigmate brevi trifido.- (Tas. CXCVL) Has. Nutka Sound, plentiful (Menzies) ; thence south to the Columbia and Cape Mendocina. Douglas. Tolmie.—A very distinct, small growing species: flowers of a full rose-colour, remarkable for the much acuminated and recurved apices of the sepals, giving the flowers somewhat the appearance of an Uropetalon. Tar. CXCVI. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Two sepals and stamens ; f. 3, Pistil :—magnified. 6. A, Douglasii; bulbo late ovato foliis binis lanceolato-falcatis striatis basi longe angusteque attenuatis, umbella multiflora patente, sepalis (roseis) ovatis longe anguste Camassia.] ASPHODELE&. 185 acuminatis carinatis rectis stamina subaequantibus, ovario trilobo, stylo integro.—z. foliis scapo brevioribus. (Tar. CXCVII.)—£. foliis scapo longioribus. Has. «. N. W. Coast, on the low hills. Douglas.—£. In the Snake country. Zolmie.—The flowers of this a good deal resemble the preceding in shape and colour, but the apex of tlie sepals is not recurved, the stamens are longer, and the leaves are totally different, being more than half an inch broad, in the dry state thick and somewhat coriaceous, indicating that in the recent plant they are thick and fleshy. Mr Douglas had marked it A. fragrans; but with the fragrans, Spreng. (A. inodorum, Gawl.), it has no sort of affinity whatever. Tas. CXCVIL Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Sepals and stamens ; f. 3, Pistil :—magnified. 7. A. Schenoprasum. L.—E. Bot. t. 2241. Rich. App. p. 10.—A. Sibiricum. L. Mant. ? Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. Throughout the woody country to Bear Lake (Dr Richardson), and to the Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dr l. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Walla-wallah and Wallamet Rivers, on the N. W. Coast. Douglas. Tolmie.—This seems to be a most abundant species in N. America, yet not noticed by Pursh or Nuttall. I do not see how A. Sibiricum is to be distinguished from the present. 8. A. Canadense. L.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 225. Haz. Canada. Pursh; but [ have never seen a specimen from British North America. 2. HESPEROSCORDON. Lindi. Perianthium subcampanulato-rotatum, bifidum, cum pedicello articulatum. Stamina 6, fertilia, filamentis dilatatis membranaceis sequalibus, e fauce exortis, basi subconnatis. Squame hypogyne 0. Ovarium sessile (?), 3-loculare, polyspermum, apice 3-glandulo- sum. Stylus teres, cum ovario articulatus. Stigma simplex. Capsula. tri-locularis, 3- valvis, polysperma, valvis medio septiferis. Semina nigra, angulata, subcrustacea.— Herba ( Boreali- Americana) cormis induviatis. Flores umbellati. Lindl. 1. H. Lewisii ; umbella multiflora, floribus densis campanulatis laciniis apice patenti- bus.—H. hyacinthinum. Lindl. Bot. Heg. sub fol. 1293.—Brodiza grandiflora. Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 215. (non Sm.) (Tas. CXCVIII. A.) Haz. Plains of the Missouri. M. Lewis. N. W. America. Menzies (in Herb. nostr.). Plains of the Columbia, and to California, Douglas. Wallamet River. Tolmie.—1 have changed the name of Dr Lindley, though unwillingly ; because I think the colour is not “sky-blue ;” at least the well-dried specimens have exactly the same colour as those of H. lacteum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1639; and I doubt very. much if this latter plant, from California, be really anything more than a small and lax-flowered variety of the Gs In both, the germen tapers very much at the base, and the fruit is really stipitate, Tas. CXCVIII. A. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, The same laid open :—magnified. : 3. CAMASSIA. Lindl. Bulbus tunicatus. Flores coerulei, v. purpurei. Perianthium explanatum, hexaphyl- lum, foliolis 5 superioribus. ascendentibus, sexto decurvo. Stam. 6, hypogyna, «equalia ; filamenta glabra ascendentia. Ovarium 3-loculare polyspermum. Stylus declinatus. Stigma obsolete 3-dentatum. Capsula. chartacea, 3-locularis, 3-valvis, loculicido-dehis- 2A VOL. II. é " 186 ASPHODELEA. [.Brodiea. cens. Semina cuique loculo 6, subrotunda, nigra, nitida, raphe et chalaze corrugatis. Lindl. 1. C. esculenta.—c. floribus purpureo-ceruleis. Lindl. Bot. Mag. t. 1486.— Phalan- gium Quamash. Ph. Am, 1. p. 226.—P. esculentum. Nutt. (in part; not Fraser.) — 8. floribus albis.—Scilla esculenta. 8. fl. albo. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2774. (not Scilla escul. Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 1574.) Has. N. W. America. Vallies of the Rocky Mountains. M. Lewis. Between the Mountains and the Pacific, from the parallel of 38? to 50? N.— This is assuredly a very distinct plant, both as to genus as well as species, from the Silla esculenta, Fraser, with which Pursh (in Bot. Mag. t. 1574) and Mr Nuttall con- founded it, and led others to do so too. Both are eaten in their respective countries by the Indians, the pre- sent one by the Chenooks, who toast the roots on heated stones, and, when dried or compressed into cakes, they form a great article of consumption during the winter months. 4. TRITELEIA. Hook. Perianthium tubulosum, subinfundibuliforme, marcescens. Stam. 6, duplici serie inserta: superioribus petalis oppositis. Squame hypogyne nulle. Ovarium sepius stipitatum, raro séssile, polyspermum; stigmate trilobo.— Herbe (Austro- et boreali- Americana) cormis induviatis. Flores umbellati. Lindl. 1. T. grandiflora (Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub fol. 1293) ; foliis linearibus glaucis scapo erecto bipedali brevioribus, involucro pedicellis quali, pedicellis strictis perianthio infundibu- lari vix eequalibus, ovario breviter stipitato, filamentis 3 decurrentibus basi callosis, um- bella pauciflora. (Tas. CXCVIII. B.) Has. Plains of the Columbia and Wallamet Rivers. Douglas. Tolmie.—I do not see how the T. laza of Mr Bentham, in Hort. Trans. v. 1. N. S. t. 15. f.2, and Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1685, (both of which figures accurately represent ours, the original species of the genus,) can be distinguished from the present. It is a beautiful plant, with the habit of the following genus. 5. BRODIZA. Sm. Perianthium tubuloso-campanulatum, sexfidum, persistens. Stam. 3, ad faucem et laciniis 3 int. opposita, cum squamis 3 (stam. abortivis) alternantia. Ovariwm 3-gonum, basi attenuatum. Stylus filiformis. Stigma trifidum. Capsula obovata, stipitata, 3-locularis, loculicido-trivalvis. Semina cuique loculo 4-5, peltata.— Flores umbellati. l. B. grandiflora; pedicellis umbellatis bracteas longe superantibus, squamis peri- anthii oblongis obtusissimis integris. Sm. Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 9. Bot. Reg. t. 1183. Bot. Mag. t. 2877. (non Ph., nec Nutt.) —Brodixa coronaria. Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 98. Has. N. W. America, New Georgia. Menzies. Puget Sound, and dry plains of the Wallamet and of the Columbia, west of the Rocky Mountains, to the Pacific Ocean. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner. 2. B. congesta (Sm. Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 3. t. 1); floribus subcapitatis, - “bracteis pedicellos superantibus, squamis perianthii lanceolatis acutis bifidis, . Has. N. W. America ; the same stations as the preceding. Menzies. Douglas. Tolmie.—The smaller Luzula.] i JUNCEE. 187 flowers, shorter limb, larger bracteas, and bifid scales at the mouth of the flower, readily distinguish this species from B. grandi flora, the only ones found in N. W. America. On». XL PONTEDERIACEZE. Kunth. M 1. PONTEDERIA. Z. 1. P. cordata. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 1156. Ph. Am. 1. p. 223. Haz. Canada. PA. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd), to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond. 2. LEPTANTHUS. Mz. Spatha uniflora. Perianthium coloratum inferum, tubo longissimo gracili, limbo 6-partito zequali. Stylus apice incrassatus. Capsula unilocularis, trivalvis, polysperma. Semina receptaculis tribus filiformibus valvarum medio affixis inserta. — Herba aquatica, Joliis alternis gramineis stipulatis, floribus solitariis axillaribus. 1. L. gramineus. Mx. Am. 1. p. 25. t. 5. f. 2. Hook. Ex. Fl. v. 1. p. 94. t. 94. — Heter- anthera. Vahl.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 32.—Schollera graminifolia. Willd.—Commelina dubia. Jacq. Obs. Bot. v. 3. p. 9. t. 39. Haz. Canada, growing with Valisneria and Najas, sent thence by Mr Kippin to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, e On». XII. RESTIACEE. Br. 1. ERIOCAULON. Z. 1. E. septangulare. With. (anno 1801). E. Bot. t. 133. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 52.— E. pellucidum. Mich. Am. 2. p. 166 (anno 1803). Has. Canada. Michauz. Mrs Sheppard; and to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. PERLE, Newfoundland. Dr Morrison.—It is quite certain that this northern Eriocaulon of the New World, is the same as that found in the lakes of Scotland and Ireland in the Old World ; the oldest name, therefore, must have the preference. y Orv. XIIL JUNCEJE. Juss. 1. LUZULA. DC. 1. L. melanocarpa (Desv. Journ. t. 5. f. 2); caule elongato, foliis latis glabris, corymbo decomposito, pedunculis elongatis ramis 3-5 floris pedicellis unifloris, sepalis ovatis acu- tissimis capsula ovali-trigona obtuse mucronata longioribus. Torr. Am. 1. p. 366.— 188 2 JUNCEE. [Luzula, Juncus melanocarpus. Mz. Am. 1. p. 190. Ph. Am. l. p. 238. Rich. App. p. 11.—L, parviflora. Desv. (Juncus, Retz.) Bong. Veget. Sitch. p. 49.—«. floribus fuscis, capsulis intense badiis.—6. floribus capsulisque pallidis. Haz. Canada (Mz.), and throughout the woody country to the prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Labrador. Dr Morrison. N. W. America, from the Columbia to Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Bongard. Douglas. Dr Scouler.— The pale flowered and pale fruited var. is found abundantly at the Columbia River, but is not confined to the west coast. I have received the same state from the White Hills of New Hampshire. Indeed very many of the Luzule and Junci vary in the same manner. 2. L. pilosa. Willd.— Torr. Am. 1. p. 365.—Juncus. L.—Muhl. Gram. p. 200. E. Bot. t. 136.—Luzula vernalis. De Cand.—f. floribus pallidis. Has. Canada (Mrs Sheppard), to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Douglas. 8.72 campestris. Desv.— Torr. Am. 1. p. 365.—Juncus. L.—E. Bot. t. 612. Mich. Am. 1. p. 190. Ph. Am. 1. p. 238.—2. vulgaris ; - florum glomerulis rotundatis densis cymoso-paniculatis intense fuscis.—8. pallescens; florum glomerulis rotundatis densis cymoso-paniculatis pallidis. L. pallescens. Wahl.—y. congesta ; floribus dense capitatis fuscis, capitulo solitario. —L. congesta. Lej.—.E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2718. Has. Woody and barren country. Dr Richardson.—=. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Kotzebue's Sound, Behring’s Straits. Beechey.—ß. Lake Winipeg, to the Saskatchawan, and prairies and Lake of the Woods, Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—y. Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. 4. L. comosa (Meyer, in Relig. Henk. Fasc. 2. p. 145) ; foliis planis pilosis, floribus spicatis distichis, spicis elongatis pedunculatis corymboso-paniculatis rarius subsessilibus, perianthii laciniis lanceolatis acuminato-subulatis interioribus brevioribus capsulam triquetro-ellipticam acutiusculam vix equantibusc--L. campestris? Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 49. Haz. N. W. America. -Nutka Sound and Port Mulgrave. Henke. From the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Bongard ?— This seems to take the place of L. campestris on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. The elongated spikes of flowers, sometimes compact, sometimes remote, give the appearance of a Carez to this Luzula. 1 have from the White Mountains, New Hampshire, a var. of the pale-flowered L. campestris, very nearly approaching this, which nevertheless seems to be a good Species. ^ 5. L. spicata. Desv.— Torr. Am. 1. p. 366.—Juncus. L.—E. Bot. t. 1176. Haz. Kotzebue's Sound, Behring's Straits. Beechey. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison. 6. L. hyperborea (Br. Melv. Isl. Pl. p. clxxxiii) ; spicis multifloris subumbellatis pedun- culatis sessilibusque (nunc omnibus sessilibus), bractea umbella foliacea; partialibus omnibus fimbriatis, capsulis obtusis perianthium acutum subaequantibus, caruncula basilari seminis obsoleta, foliis planis. Br.—a. major; foliis angustioribus, bracteis partialibus insigniter albo-fimbriatis (an forma L. campestr. ?). Hook. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 405. —L. hyperborea. Br. l, c.—L. campestris. Br. Spitzb. App. p. 15.—Juncus arcuatus. Juncus.] ; JUNCEE. 189 Hook. in Scoresb. Greenl. App. p. 410.— Juncus campestris. Solandr. in Phipps’ Voy.— 8. minor ; foliis latioribus, bracteis partialibus vix fimbriatis. Hook. l c. Haz. a. and £. Arctic Sea-shore. Dr Richardson; and Arctic Islands. Sir E. Parry, &c.—ß. Most elevated of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— The first variety, as I have stated in the Appendix to Sir Edward Parry's second voyage, is perhaps too near L. campestris; and the second var. almost seems to unite the first with the following ; yet I think they are distinct. 7. L. arcuata (Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 153); foliis canaliculatis pilosis (pilis saepe obsoletis), panicula subumbellata, floribus glomeratis, glomerulis 3-5-floris, pedunculis nutantibus, bracteis inembranaceis fimbriatis, capsula ovato-globosa sepalis lato-lanceo- latis breviori. Hook. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 26. Cham. et Schlecht. Linnea, 3. p. 375. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. p. 131.—8. major ; spithameea et ultra. ‘Has. N. W. America. Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beechey. Summit of Mount Rainier. (var. 9.) Tolmie. Summits of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The Mount Rainier specimens are much larger than our European Z. arcuata, and than that from the Rocky Mountains, and the leaves are broader, and . the flowers deeper brown; they seem to connect the species with L. spadicea. 2. JUNCUS. De Cand. 1. J. arcticus (Willd.); repens aphyllus, scapo tereti laevi opaco rigidiusculo apice pungente, florum fasciculo laterali sessili, perianthii laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutis capsula elliptica trigona mucronata brevioribus. Svensk. Bot, t. 479. f. 5.—J. compressus. 8. Hoenkei. Meyer in Herb. Hook. et in Relig. Hoenk. Fasc. 2. p. 141.—J. Hoenkei. Meyer Syn. Junc. p. 10.—8. gracilis; floribus subterminalibus paucis 1-3. J. platycaulos. (H. B. K.) 8. aphyllus. E. Meyer in Herb. nostr. . Has. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Point Mulgrave, in Behring's Straits. Honke.—P. At a great elevation on the Rocky Mountains. Dy d.— My speci have been named J. compressus (H. B. K.), B. Hænkei of Meyer, by the learned Meyer himself; but they correspond so exactly with the true J. arcticus, from Lapland, and Iceland, and Greenland, that I cannot entertain a doubt of this being the same. Asitisa very arctic or very alpine species, I have omitted one of the two stations given by Hoenke, his ** Nutka-Sund vel Portu Mulgrave.”—f. has very few flowers to each slender culm, and those generally near the apex, which thus seems to form a bractea. 2. J. Balticus (Willd.); repens aphyllus, scapo tereti levi opaco rigido apice pun- gente, floribus paniculatis, panicula brevi laterali, perianthii laciniis subaequalibus ovato- lanceolatis acutis longitudine capsule elliptice mucronate. Hook. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2621.—J. arcticus. Hook, Fl, Lond. N.S. t. 151. (non Willd.)—J. compressus. (H. B. K.) Cham. in Linnea, 6. p. 369. et in Herb. nostr. (non Jacq.)—J. complanatus. Schult.— B. laza; panicula bi-triunciali valde ramosa laxa.—J. glaucus. Rich. App. p. 11. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso. N. W. America. Menzies. Saskatchawan River, near the mountains, Douglas. Slave Lake. Dr Richardson.—P. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Labrador. Dr Morrison.—A taller and more harsh and rigid plant than the preceding, with the fascicles of flowers on branched peduncles, so as to constitute a panicle.— This, which is also Chamisso's J. compressus, H. B. K., . (Herb. nostr.), is unquestionably the same plant as the J. Balticus of England and Sweden.— The £. is a very remarkable variety, with a much larger and looser panicle, and remote flowers. It does not seem to 190 JUNCEZ. [Juncus. bear fruit, and is perhaps a morbid state of the plant. Its quite smooth stems, and deep-coloured flowers, readily distinguish it from all forms of J. effusus and glaucus.— The very sportive character of this and the preceding species, as shown in the present collection, almost induce me to return to my former opinion, that they are not really distinct. 3. J. effusus. L.—E. Bot. t. 836. Ph. Am. 1. p. 236.—8. gracilis; panicula minore. . Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Percival. Newfoundland.—g. N. W. Coast. Columbia. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—. is a very slender plant, and with a few-flowered panicle ; but the flowers and fruit are the same as in z. 4. J. filiformis (L.); repens aphyllus, scapo gracili filiformi tenuiter striato flaccido, panicula subsimplici laterali versus medium scapi, sepalis unicoloribus pallidis susequali- bus lanceolatis capsula obovata mucronata nitida pallida parum longioribus. Z. Bot. t. 1173. Ph. Am. 1. p. 236? not Mx.—J. Pylei? De la Harpe in Mem. Soc. H. N, 3. p.119, ` Haz. Saskatchawan to Bear Lake and English River. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—The J. filiformis of Pursh is probably the J. setaceus, Rostkow, a different species, according to specimens from Dr Torrey, gathered in Middle Florida ; being a larger and harsher plant, with very rigid glossy sepals, spreading nearly horizontally around the almost depresso-globose mucronated capsule. 1 have excellent specimens, however, of the true J. filiformis, from the United States, gathered by Mr Greene on the White Hills, New Hamp- shire. It seems, therefore, in America, to be an alpine or very northern species. 5.-J. aciitiflorus (Ehrh.); caule erecto foliisque subcompressis articulatis, panicula terminali decomposita, capitulis 5-6-floris, sepalis inzequalibus lanceolatis acutis capsulam anguste ovatam subacuminatam equantibus. E. Bof. t. 2143. —J. pelocarpus. Meyer Syn. p. 30. et in Herb. nostr.—ß. minor; capitulis 1-2-floris. —J. Canadensis? Gay.— Schult. Syst. Veg. 9. p. 211.? Haz. Canada, to the Slave Lake, and to the marshy ground in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—f. Canada. Dr Richardson. Mrs Sheppard.—1 am quite unable to distinguish this American Juncus from our European J. acutiflorus. "The whole habit of the plant, the flowers, and the fruit, are the same. It is also nearly allied to J. lampocarpus, but that has larger flowers and capsules, and the latter especially: of a much darker colour. The var. £. is a smaller plant, and has the capitula very few-flowered. 6. J. polycephalus (Mich. Am. 1. p. 192); caule erecto foliisque subcompressis articu- latis, panicula terminali decomposita, capitulis majusculis multifloris densissimis globosis, floribus triandris? sepalis subzequalibus lanceolatis acutissimis rigidis capsulam oblongo- lanceolatam acutam triquetram nitidam equantibus. Ph. Am. 1. p. 237. Torr. Am. 1. - p. 364.—J. paradoxus? E. Meyer.— Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 49.—J. nodosus. L. ?—a. cras- sifolius ; major, foliis multo crassioribus et conspicue compressis. Mich. l. c.—subvar. 1. macrocephalus; capitulis paucis magnitudine fere nucis Avellane. J. globosus. Herb. Banks.—subvar, 2. capitulis mediocribus numerosis.—$£. tenuifolius; minor gracilior, foliis subfiliformibus. Mich. l. c. J. echinatus. MuAL— Rich. App. p. 11.—J. nodosus. Torrey. Am. 1. p. 361.—J. Roskowii. E. Meyer Syn. p. 26. et in Herb, nostr.—J. macros- temon? Gay in Schult. Syst, Veg. v. 1. p. 216.—y. pumilus; subdigitalis gracillimus, capitulis paucis 1-3. Juncus.] i 7 JUNCEE. 191 Has. a. N. W. Coast, frequent. Douglas.—f. Canada, to Bear Lake. Drummond. Dr Richardson. — y. Moist woods in the Rocky. Mountains. Drummond.—Readily known in its various states by the dense and globose capitula, and the narrow, sharp, rigid sepals. The name echinatus would have been very ap- propriate to this species. He 2.3 : T. J. ensifolius (Wikstr. Act. Holm. 1825. p. 1); caule compresso erecto folioso, foliis lineari-acuminatis ensiformibus (lateraliter planis) articulatis subflaccidis caulem flori- ferum subsequantibus, capitulis terminalibus plerumque solitariis subglobosis niulti- floris, floribus densissime compactis, bractea exteriori foliacea basi membrancea capitu- lum plerumque superantibus, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis nitidis capsulam ellipticam mucronatam «quantibus.—«. minor; capitulo solitario. Cham. et Schlecht. Linnea, 3. p. 373. (et in Herb. nostr.)J—J. Mertensianus. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 49, (et in Herb. nostr.) —J. falcatus. E. Meyer. (fide E. Meyer in Herb. nostr.) —f. major; capitulis geminis ternisve etiam subpaniculatis. : f F Haz. N. W. America. Sitcha (Bongard), to Unalaschka. Chamisso. Alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River. Drummond.—f. Sources of the Columbia River, in the Rocky Mountains.—An extremely interesting plant, with the leaves, in the dried state at least, flattened at the sides, and thus ensiform as in Iris and Sisyrinchium ; this, however, may in some measure be owing to pressure, and some of the more luxuriant specimens, in their inflorescence, approach the preceding species ; though the usual form of the plant so nearly resembles J. castaneus, that Drummond marked it as probably a variety. ES 8. J. uliginosus (Sibth.); caule erecto v. decumbente siepe radicante foliisque setaceis obscure articulatis panicula subsimplici irregulari, capitulis pauci- v. pluri-floris, sepalis oblongis «equalibus subacutis capsulam ellipticam sequantibus. E. Bot, t. 801.—«. minor ; erectus, floribus intense fuscis.—J. fusco-ater. Schreb. (fide E. Mey, in Herb. nostr.) — J. bulbosus. L.—J. alpinus. Vill. subtilis; caule radicante, floribus subbinis.—J. subtilis. Meyer Syn. p. 31.—J. fluitans. Ma. Has. æ. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson.—f. Canada. Bosc.— These specimens send out copious radicles, chiefly from the base of the plant. The stems are 3-5 inches high, erect. Panicle very little branched, with very few, 2-4 capitula, and these few-flowered. -9. J. Richardsonianus (Schult. Syst. Veg. v. 1. p. 201); **foliis subulatis nodoso- articulatis, paniculis paucifloris (3-5-floris), capsulis ovalibus calyce obtuso hexandro longioribus." Brown in Rich. App. p. 11. sub nom. J. affinis. (non Gaud.) Has. Woody country to the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson.—I am not acquainted with this plant. Perhaps I may have included it under J. acutiflorus (J. pelocarpus, Meyer). 10. J. bufonius. L.—E. Bot. t. 802. Ph. Am. 1. p. 238. - Has. Throughout Canada to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. Coast, abundant. Dr Scouler. Douglas. 3 11. J. tenuis. Willd.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 228.—J. gracilis. E. Bot. t. 1724.—J. bicornis. Mz.—Ph. Haz. Lake Huron, to Bear Lake, and from Hudson's Bay to the sources of the Columbia in the Rocky m 192 HYDROCHARIDEZ. [ Valisneria. Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—This is a well marked species, though allied to J. bufonius, and it seems most abundant throughout N. America. The leaves are slender, setaceous, several from the root. Stem from 8 inches to 2 feet, slender, but rigid, bare of leaves up to the panicle near the top, where is one leaf immediately beneath the foliaceous bracteas. In the axils of the forks of the dichotomous panicle are 2 or 3 large nearly sessile flowers, and 2 or 3 unilateral ones, from the upper or inner side of the branches, the _under or outer side being bare of flowers. Sepals green, with white, membranous margins. 12, J. castaneus (Sm.); caule erecto tereti folioso, foliis supra canaliculatis subtus teretibus (siccitate planis), capitulis plurifloris subbinis sessilibus v. pedunculatis bracteis majoribus foliaceis capitulis longioribus, floribus sessilibus v. pedicellatis, capsulis ovali- - trigonis sublonge mucronatis perianthium superantibus. E. Bot. t. 90. Rich. App. p. 11. Cham. et Schlecht. Linnea, 3. p. 374.—a. floribus capsulisque intense fuscis.—f. floribus ‘ capsulisque pallidis.—J. Lehmanni. E. Meyer in Herb. nostr. Haz. York Factory, Hudson's Bay ; Edmonton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan, to the Rocky Moun- tains. Drummond; and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. N. W. Coast, from Unalaschka to Kotzebue's Sound. Chamisso. Beechey. 13. J. Menziesii (Br. in Herb. Banks) ; caule erecto tereti folioso, foliis lineari-acu- minatis supra canaliculatis, capitulis terminalibus globosis 1-3, bractea exteriori ple- rumque foliacea et capitula superantibus, sepalis lato-ovatis obtusis capsulam obovatam nitidam muticam zequantibus. Haz. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies, in Herb. Banks. Common near the confluence of the Colum- bia, and théence to Puget Sound. Douglas.—A span to nearly a foot high, the stem rigid, the leaves slightly so. Heads of flowers generally too large. Sepals unusually broad.— A very distinct species, with the habit of the preceding. 2 * 14. J. biglumis (L.); foliis radicalibus lineari-subulatis compressis (non canaliculatis) - basi in vaginam sensim dilatatis, capitulo terminali bifloro flore altero pedicellato ple- rumque involucro foliaceo breviore, capsula turbinata retusa sepalis obtusis longiori. E. Bot. t. 898. Cham. et Schlecht. Linnea, 3. p. 374. Has. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. Mr Edwards. Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River. Drummond. Bay of Good Hope, Behring's Straits. Chamisso. 15, J. triglumis (L.) ; foliis radicalibus lineari-subulatis candliculatis bitubulosis vaginis ` supra auriculatis, capitulo terminali 3-floro bracteam membranaceam 'eequantibus, capsula elliptica acuta sepalis obtusis longiori. E. Bot. t. 148. Har. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson. Alpine swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. = On». XIV. HYDROCHARIDEJE. Br. 1. VALISNERIA. Z. e. 1. FV. spiralis. L.—V. Americana. Mx.—Ph. Am. 1. p. 602. Has. Canada.—Living plants were sent from near Montreal, by Mr Kippin, to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where we had the opportunity of examining flowering specimens, and ascertaining that they were the same as the European species. - » Liparis.] ORCHIDEE. 193 2. UDORA. Nutt. ` Dioica. Spatha bifida. Masc. Cal. 3-partitus. Cor. 3-petala. Stam. 9, 3 interiora.— Fam. Cal. 3-partitus, tubo longissimo. Pet. 3. Filamenta sterilia 3. ` Utriculus subtri- spermus. Semina cylindrica. Nutt.— Herba aquatica, foliis verticillatis. 1. U. verticillata. Spreng.—Udora Canadensis. Nutt. Gen. Am. 2. p. 242. Elodea. Mz. - Serpicula verticillata, Z.—Muhl.—S. occidentalis. Ph. Has. Canada, (Michauz. Cleghorn. Goldie.) to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—I have retained the name of verticillata to this, originally given to an East Indian Udora, from a conviction, as far at least as can be conveyed by the dried specimens, that the plants of the Old and of the New World are the same species. It extends throughout the whole continent of America, from the lat. of York Factory, Hudson's Bay, in the north, to Buenos Ayres and Valparaiso in the south. The leaves vary much in size and direction, so that probably the U. (Elodea) Granatensis, and U. Orinocensis of Humboldt and Kunth, are mere varieties. Certainly my specimens from British Guiana are the same as those from Canada. On». XV. ORCHIDEZE.* Juss. $ I. Maraxipez. Lindl. 1. MICROSTYLIS. utt. Lindl. 1. M. monophyllos (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 19.) ; caule unifolio, racemo gracili elongato, pedicellis flores sequantibus.— ZLindl.— M. brachypoda. Gray, Mss. in Herb. nostr.—Ma- laxis monophyllos. Willd.—Ophrys. L. Has. Near Montreal. Goldie in Herb. nostr. Halifax. Goldie (ex Lindl.)—A very distinct species from the following, (a European plant,) and first found in N. America by Goldie, and since by Drs Torrey and Gray, in the United States, at Oneida county, New York. s. 2. M. ophioglossoides (Nutt.) ; caule unifolio, racemo obtuso capitato multifloro, pedi- cellis flores longe superantibus, labello.tridentato.— Lind/. Bot. Reg. t. 1990, (var. 8.) Gen. Orch. p. 19. Malaxis ophiog. Ph. Am. 1. p. 592. Loddig. Bot. Cal. p. 1116. M. uni- folia. Mz. 2 ' Has. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Nova Scotia. Menzies. j 3. M. diphyllos (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 19.); foliis duobus ovatis lanceolatisve acutis levibus, scapo triquetro, labello subrotundo acuminato acumine lacinias haud superante. — Malaxis diphyllos. Cham. in Linnea, 3. p. 34. : Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—This is equally unknown to me as it is to Dr Lindley. 2. LIPARIS. Rie. 3 1. L. liliifolia (Rich.); foliis binis oblongis acutis plicatis racemo paucifloro multo '* I have followed entirely the arrangement of Dr Lindley, to whose invaluable Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants Y refer for the characters of the Genera, so far as that work is published. VOL, Il. 25 ver 194 à ORCHIDEE. LAmplectrum. brevioribus, scapo angulato, labello maximo obovato mucronato recurvo discolore, sepalis linearibus patentissimis. Lindl. Bot. Heg. p. 882. Gen. Orch. p. 28. Malaxis, Sw.— Ph. Am, 2. p. 592. Bot. Mag. p. 2004.—Ophrys, Z. Haz. Canada. Ph. 2. L. Loeselii (Rich.); foliis binis ovato-oblongis obtusis plicatis racemo paucifloro multo brevioribus, scapo angulato, labello ovato integerrimo concolore, sepalis petalisque linearibus inzequalibus. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 28, in Bot. Reg. t. 882. Malaxis, Sw.— M. Correana. Benth.— Nutt. Am. 2. p. 196. Liparis, Spr.—Ophrys Loeselii. L Haz. Canada, (Goldie) to Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson.— The L. Cor- reana differs in no respect from our European L. Loeselii. The American plant is indeed often much larger, (I have specimens more than a span high,) but Dr Richardson's specimens do not exceed ours. 3. CORALLORHIZA. Br. 1. C. innata (Br.); scapo pauci (6-9-) floro, floribus parvis, labello oblongo subintegro, calcare ovario adnato obsoleto.— Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 142. Rich. App. p. 33.—C. odontorhiza. Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 191. —C. Wisteriana. Conrad in Journ. Acad. Phil. 6. p. 145. Cymbidium. Ph.—£. labello immaculato. Corallorhiza verna. Nutt.—Journ. Ac. Nat. Phil. 3. p. 136. t. 7. —C. innata. Eat. Has. Lake Huron, (Dr Todd) throughout Canada, (Cleghorn, Mrs Sheppard,) to the Saskaichawan. Dr Richardson. Dr d. Dougl Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.— Copious specimens which I pos- sess of this plant, from the above localities, precisely accord with our European C. innata. A small slender species, about a span high. e 2. C. multiflora (Nutt. Journ. Ac. Nat. Phil. 3. p. 138. t. 7.); scapo multi-(15-30)- floro, labello cuneato-ovali tripartito recurvo maculato, calcare tuberculiformi ovario ad- nato. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 174. C., innata. Nutt. Gen, 2. p. 197. (Jide Nuttall.). Haz, Canada. Cleghorn. Dr Todd. Mrs Sheppard. Lady Dalhousie. New Brunswick. Mr Kendall. Columbia and Observatory Inlet. N, W. America. Douglas and Dr Scouler.—Much larger and stouter than the preceding; with which it had been confounded by Nuttall ; a foot and more high, with more numerous flowers, and an evident spur, but adnate with the ovary. 3. C. Mertensiana (Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 47.); scapo multi-( 10-20)-floro, labello ovato-oblongo subemarginato, prope basin dente incurvo utrinque instructo, calcare subelongato omnino libero. Haz. N. W. America. Sitcha, Bongard. Fort Vancouver and Nusqually. Dr Scouler and Tolmie. — Habit and size of the preceding, yet very different. It is generally more slender, the sepals and petals much narrower; but the most distinguishing feature is the very evident spur to the base of the lip, not at all adnate with the ovary. 4, AMPLECTRUM. Nutt. Lindi. 1. A. hyemale (Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. p. 139). Corallorhiza hyemalis. Nutt. Gen. 2. p.198. Cymbidium, JVilld.—PA. Am. 2. p. 593. H Gymnadenia.] ORCHIDEE. j ; . 195 x Haz, Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan, Drummond ; rare, and with fruit and good foliage ; but no flower.— Flowers similar to those of Corallorhiza. Root tuberous, with a single elliptical leaf from the summit of the tuber, the scape springing from beneath, This is doubt- less the northern limit of this fine Orchideous plant; but it does not appear to have been found in Canada. $ II. Vanne®. Lindl. 5. CALYPSO. Salisb. 1. C. borealis. Salisb. Par. Lond. t. 89. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 12. ejusd. Bot. Mag. p. 9163. Ph. Am. 2. p. 593. C. Americana. Br.—Nutt.—Limodorum. Willd.—Cypripedium bulbosum. Z. Has. Canada to Bear Lake River. Cleghorn. Goldie. Dr Richardson; and from Hudson's Bay (Douglas), to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nova Scotia. Menzies. N. W. America, Mr Lewis. Menzies. Douglas. Tolmie. $ III. Oruryver. Lindl. 6. ORCHIS. Z. Br. Lindl. 1. O. spectabilis (L.); foliis binis oblongis obtusis scapi longitudine, bracteis foliaceis floribus longioribus, labello lanceolato calcari clavato pendulo equali. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p.267. Ph. Am. 2. p. 587. Hook. Ex. Fl. p. 69. O. humilis. Mz.—Habenaria. Spr. Has. Throughout Canada. Dr Todd. Lady Dalhousie. Goldie.—This is the only true Orchis found in Eastern N. America. 2. O. aristata (Fisch. mst. in Herb. nostr.) ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis acutis caule subdi- phyllo longioribus, spica ovata densiflora, sepalis acuminatissimis, labello ovato acuto levissime versus apicem trilobo lateribus deflexo, calcare crasso pendulo labello longiore, bracteis herbaceis acuminatis floribus longioribus, tuberibus palmatis. Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 262. O. acuminata. Hort. Gor. (Herb. nostr. ex Acad. Imp. Petersb.) non Desf.— O. latifolia. L.? var. Beeringiana. Cham. in Linnea, v. 3. p. 26. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—This is rightly separated by Dr Fischer from O. latifolia. 7. GYMNADENIA. Br. Lindl. 1. G. (?) tridentata (Lindl.); folio solitario radicali oblongo obtuso, caulinis 2-3 multo angustioribus et minoribus, spica brevi laxiuscula, sepalis campanulatis, labello plano truncato obsolete tridentato (nunc integro obtusiusculo) sepalorum longitudine, calcare filiformi arcuato ovario paulo longiore. Lindl. Gen. Orch, p. 221. Habenaria trid. Hook. Ex. Fl. p. 81. Orchis trid. Willd.—Ph, Am, 2. p. 587.—ß. labello integro,—Orchis cla- vellata, Mz. Am. 2. p. 155. Ph. Am. 2. p. 586.—y. folio lineari-oblongo, caule elatiori (labello integro). Platanthera tipuloides, Lindi. Gen. Orch. p. 285. Orchis tipuloides. L.—O. gracilis, Fisch. Has. Canada. Goldie. Mrs CS Mrs Perceval.—f. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—y. Lake Huron. Dr Todd.—The base of the cells of the anthers are by no means so approximate as in the original A 196 . ‚ORCHIDEE. [Platanthera. Gymnadenia of Mr Brown, G. conopsea. It is not unfrequent to find the lip quite entire, and more or less acute, and the narrow-leaved var. of this, is, as it appears to me, the Platanthera tipularioides of Lindl. Orchis gracilis, Fisch. in Herb. Hook. 8. PLATANTHERA. Rich. Lind. 1. Labellum indivisum, subintegerrimum. . P. obtusata (Lindl.) ; folio solitario oblongo-obovato, caule monophyllo, spica laxi- uscula, sepalo supremo latissimo, petalis subtriangularibus acuminatis obtusis, labello lineari-subacuminato basi bituberculato calcaris conici arcuati acuti longitudine. (Tas. CXCIX.) Lindl. Gen. Orchid. p. 284. Habenaria, Rich. App. p. 33. Orchis, Ph. Am. 2, p. 284. Haz. Nova Scotia. Menzies. Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard (at Cape Torment), to Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan and alpine swamps of the Rocky Mountains, and thence to Bear Lake and Fort Franklin. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Labrador. Dr Morrison. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Douglas. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Tas. CXCIX. Fig. 1. Side view of a flower; E 2. Front view of do. ; f. 3. Upper sepal ; f. 4. Petal; Jf. 5. Anther. 2. P. elegans (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 285); foliis binis oblongo-lanceolatis, caule squa- mis parvis ramentaceis, spica longa densa cylindracea, bracteis lineari-subulatis florum longitudine, sepalis campanulatis acuminatis obtusis, petalis labelloque carnosis ovato- linearibus obtusis subzequalibus, calcare filiformi arcuato ovario longiore. Lindi. Haz. N. W. America. Vallies of the Blue Mountains. Douglas. Fort Vancouver. Tolmie.—Flowers white and fragrant. Root an undivided tuber. Stem a foot and a half high. Flowers small. Pollen-glands very large. 3. P. Hookeri (Lindl. Gen. Orchid. p. 286); foliis radicalibus binis suborbiculatis car- nosis, scapo nudo, spica stricta multiflora, sepalo superiori ovato lateralibus lanceolatis reflexis, labello lanceolato acuminato glabro sepalis parum longiore, calcare subulato ar- cuato compresso ovario duplo longiore, anthera triangulari angulis basi obtusis. —Habe- naria orbiculata. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 145. (non Pursh). Habenaria Hookeri. Torrey, Herb.—Gray, New or rare plants, St. of New York, p. 229. Has. Upper and Lower Canada. Dr Todd. Goldie. Lady Dalhousie. Drummond. 4. P. orbiculata (Lindl. Gen. Orchid. p. 286) ; foliis radicalibus binis suborbiculatis (ovalibusve) tenui-membranaceis, scapo bracteato, racemo laxo multifloro, sepalo superiori orbiculari lateralibus ovatis, labello lineari-subspathulato basi pubescente sepalis fere duplo longiore, caleare arcuato compresso clavato ovario duplo longiore, antherz lobis basi utrinque productis liberis. (Tas. CC.)—Orchis orbiculata. Ph. Habenaria, Torr. Com- pend. p. 318.—H. macrophylla. Hook. in Ed. Phil. Journ. v. 6. p. 331. Sn New or rare Pl. St. of New York, p. 228. > : . Platanthera.] ORCHIDEA. 197 E. Has. Canada. In moist shady woods. Island of Montreal. Mr Goldie. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs Per- ceval; to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—This fine species, having been but ill defined by its first describer (Pursh), has been much misunderstood, and the preceding plant was by myself, as well as by other botanists, both in America and in Europe, mistaken for it. From collateral evidence, however, Drs Torrey and Gray were led to consider the present as the true orbiculata ; and the correctness of their ideas has been confirmed by the latter botanist, on Mis recent examination of the original Purshian Herbarium, in Mr Lambert's pos- session, whereupon he writes :—“ Orchis orbiculata, Pursh; is, as I suspected, the macrophylla of Hook. and Goldie. The other species, orbiculata of Hook. (Hookeri nobis) is not in Pursh’s original Herbarium ; but it exists in the Canadian Collection of Pursh, without a name.” The latter plant has been correctly figured already in the Exotic Flora ; which, together with our accompanying plate of the present species, will, I trust, clear up all future difficulty on the subject of these two species. Tas. CC. Fig. 1. Flower; f. 2. Side view of an anther :—magnified. 5. P. Menziesii (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 286); foliis radicalibus binis subrotundo-ob- longis erectis, caule sub-bisquamato, racemo laxo paucifloro, sepalis obtusissimis, petalis truncatis labello lineari obtuso brevioribus, calcare pendulo obtuso apice inflexo ovario subsequali. Lindl. Haz. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies. (Herb. nostr.)—Scape about a span high. 6. P. Schischmareffiana (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 286); foliis radicalibus binis obovato- lanceolatis canaliculatis, spica subsecunda multiflora, bracteis oblongis obtusis ovarii longitudine, sepalis oblongis obtusis, petalis labelloque carnosis ovatis obtusis, calcare arcuato gracili labelli longitudine. Lindl. Habenaria, Cham. in Linnaa, 3. p. 29. Spir- anthes? Unalaschkensis. Spr. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.) 7. P. Kónigii (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 286) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongo- lanceolatis obtusis emarginatisque superioribus linearibus spicam fere cquantibus, spica densa cylindracea, bracteis herbaceis floribus «equalibus, labello subrhombeo-lineari ob- tuso calcare inflexo obtuso longiore. Lindl.—a«. petalis ovatis acutis.. O. Kónigii. Retz. — Fl. Dan. t. 333.— f. petalis cordatis acuminatis. O. dolichorhiza. Fisch. ms. Has. £. Unalaschka, Langsdorff. 8. P. herbiola (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 281) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis acutis superioribus lanceolatis acuminatis, spica densa cylindracea, bracteis herbaceis acuminatis floribus longioribus, labello lineari-lanceolato basi bidentato medio unituber- culato calcare clavato duplo breviore. Lindl.—Habenaria. Br.—Orchis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 5/14,—O. fuscescens. Ph.—O. scutellata? Nutt. (fide Lindl.). . Has. Between Norway House and Canada. Dr Richardson. Drummond. The tubercle upon the lip is very prominent, and affords a remarkable character. 9. P. hyperborea (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 287); caule folioso, foliis lanceolatis strictissi- mis acutis, spica laxiuscula subsecunda, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acutis flore longiori- 198 ORCHIDEE. [’Platanthera. _ bus, sepalis deflexis, petalis labelloque linearibus obtusis subzequalibus calcaris obtusi penduli longitudine, radicibus longissimis carnosis. Lindl. Habenaria hyperborea. Br. — Rich. App. 2. p. 33. Orchis. L.—Ph. Haz. Rare in Canada. Dr Todd. From the Saskatchawan to Fort Franklin, Dr Richardson. Drum- - mond. 10. P. dilatata (Lindl, Gen. Orchid. p. 287); caule folioso, foliis lanceolatis gra- mineisve, spica elongata cylindracea densa laxaque, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis floribus qualibus longioribusque, sepalis ovatis obtusis, petalis minoribus conformibus membranaceis, labello rhomboideo lineari-lanceolato obtuso calcaris obtusi longitudine. Lindl. Habenaria. Hook. Ex. Fl.t. 95.— Gray, New or rare Pl. St. of N. York, p. 231. — Orchis. Ph. Am. 2, p. 588.—Habenaria borealis. Cham. in Linnea. 3. p. 28.—Orchis agastachys. Fisch. mst.—f. angustifolia; caule gracili. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Throughout Canada, from Lake Huron to the Saskatchawan, and Hudson's Bay, abundant. N. W. America, about Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Tolmie. Dr Scouler.—p. Canada. Cleghorn.—1 fear that this, which is a very common and highly variable plant, especially as regards its lax or dense growth, and size of the flowers and bracteas, and the breadth of the leaves, is only a luxuri- ant state of P. Ayperborea, to which Dr Richardson has rightly referred his more northern plant. It seems probable also that P. Kónigit and P. Huronensis are too nearly allied to it. 11. P. Huronensis (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 288) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis superioribus gramineis, spica laxa tenui, bracteis acuminatis florum longitudine vel longi- oribus, labello ovato-lanceolato calcaris incurvi compressi longitudine. Zindl.— Habe- naria, Spr.—Orchis, Nutt. Haz, Lake Huron and Michigan. Nuttall. Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. —Dr Lindley well observes of this, “ P. dilatate et P. boreali proxima, sed flores fere minores quam in P. herbiola.” ) 12. P. leucostachys (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 288); caule folioso, foliis oblongo-lanceola- tis obtusis, spica longissima densa, bracteis florum longitudine, sepalis ovatis obtusis, pe- talis membranaceis linearibus emarginatis, labello rhomboideo lineari-lanceolato calcare filiformi arcuato duplo breviore, antherze lobis parallelis rostello maximo plicato. Lindl. Haz. N. W. America. Plentiful in the valleys of the Blue Mountains, Douglas.— Habit of P. dilatata; 14 to 2 feet high. Flowers white. 13. P. gracilis (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 288); caule folioso, foliis linearibus acuminatis obtusis debilibus patentibus, spica laxa elongatà, bracteis angustis acuminatis floribus inferioribus remotis longioribus, petalis obliquis acuminatis obtusis, labello lineari obtuso calcaris apice inflati obtusissimi longitudine. Lindl. Haz. N. W. America, Menzies.—“ Caules debiles, 14-2-pedales. Folia 3-poll. longa, parum acumin- ata, nullo modo aucta." ` : Platanthera.] ORCHIDEE. 199 14. P. stricta (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 288) ; caule folioso stricto, foliis ovato-lanceolatis internodiis duplo longioribus, spica laxa elongata, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis floribus longioribus, sepalo dorsali latiore, petalis ovatis acuminatis obtusis, labello lineari-obtuso calcare apice inflato obtusissimo duplo longiore. Lindl. Haz. N. W. Coast of America. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Scouler.—*' Priore differt habitu stricto, foliis brevioribus (23 poll.) latioribus et magis acuminatis, demum calcare duplo breviore." 15. P. graminea (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 289); caule folioso, foliis strictis inferioribus lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis superioribus acuminatis, spica laxiuscula, bracteis acumi- natis floribus brevioribus, petalis obliquis apice truncatis tridentatis labello rhombeo-lan- ceolato undulato venoso zequalibus calcare clavato arcuato duplo brevioribus. Lindl. Haz. N. W. America. Menzies. Upland swamps, at Millbank Sound. Tolmie. “ Glandule maxime pollinis zequales."— I possess the present and the two preceding species, which, but for the opinion of Pro- fessor Lindley, I should have been disposed to unite with my narrow-leaved var. of P. dilatata, from Canada. 2, Labellum incisum. 16. P. holopetala (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 291); caule folioso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, spica laxa multiflora, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis ovarii longitudine, sepalis sub- orbiculatis obtusis supremo galeato, petalis linearibus acuminatis obtusis integerrimis, la- bello lanceolato margine lacero calcare filiformi duplo breviore, ovario rostrato. Lindl.— Habenaria blephariglottis. Hook. Ex. Fl. p. 87. (nec aliorum, ‚ide Lindl.). Haz. Canada. Goldie.—Notwithstanding the high authority of Dr Lindley, I am still disposed to con- sider this as a very trifling variety of the following, only marked by having entire petals and small flowers. The toothing of the petals is, in the true blephariglottis, often nearly obsolete. 17. P. blephariglottis (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 291); caule folioso, foliis inferioribus lan- ceolatis canaliculatis sensim decrescentibus, spica oblonga multiflora densa, bracteis folia- ceis linearibus acuminatis floribus brevioribus, sepalis rotundato-oblongis lateralibus reflexis, petalis spathulatis dentatis, labello oblongo plano fimbriato medio papilloso cal- care recto pendulo triplo breviore, ovario longissimo rostrato. Lindl,—Orchis blephari- glottis. Willd. ( fide Lindl.) an alior.? Has. Canada. Schweinitz: Lady Dalhousie. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—Intermediate in the character of labellum and petals, between the preceding and following species. 18. P. ciliaris (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 292); caule folioso, foliis inferioribus ovato-lan- ceolatis supremis minimis, spica oblonga densa multiflora, bracteis acuminatis ovario brevioribus, sepalis reflexis ovato-subrotundis obtusis, petalis linearibus reflexis apice incisis, labello oblongo margine capillaceo multifido calcare arcuato duplo breviore, ovario colorato longissime rostrato. Lind]. — e. floribus aureis. Lindl,—Habenaria ciliaris. Br. —Orchis, L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 585. Sims, Bot. Mag. p. 1668.— 8. floribus niveis. Lindl,— Orchis blephariglottis. EU, et alior. (Lindl.). Has, e. Canada. Goldie (in Herb. nostr.). 200 : ORCHIDEZ. [Platanthera. 3. Labellum tripartitum, laciniis indivisis. 19. P. rotundifolia (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 292); folio solitario radicali subrotundo- ovato plano, scapo nudo, spica pauciflora laxiuscula, bracteis obtusis ovario brevioribus, sepalis petalisque obtusis, labello trilobo lobis lateralibus subfalcatis intermedio obcordato, calcare acuto labelli longitudine. Lindl.—(Tas. CCL)—Habenaria, Rich. App. p. 33. Orchis, Ph. Am. 2. p. 588. Has. Hudson's Bay (Herb. Banks.) Island of Anticosti. Goldie. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Canada. Lady Dalhousie; to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan ; and to Jasper’s Lake in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— Leaves spotted, Mr Drummond observes, like those of Orchis maculata. Flowers pale dirty white. Tas. CCI. Fig. 1, Flower :—magnified. 4. Labellum tripartitum, laciniis incisis. 20. P. incisa (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 293); caule folioso, foliis obovato-oblongis sursum decrescentibus, racemo oblongo multifloro, bracteis linearibus acuminatis floribus longi- oribus, sepalis oblongis lateralibus deflexis, petalis erectis oblongis denticulatis, labelli unguiculati subrotundi laciniis cuneatis inciso-denticulatis intermedia majore calcare duplo breviore. Lindl.—Habenaria, Spr.—Orchis, Willd. —Ph. Am. 2. p. 589. Haz. Sillery, Canada. Mrs Sheppard.—Perhaps only a stunted var. of the following. 21. P. fimbriata (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 293); caule folioso, foliis oblongis sursum de- crescentibus, racemo oblongo multifloro, bracteis linearibus acuminatis supremis floribus subeequalibus, sepalis oblongis obtusis lateralibus deflexis, petalis erectis oblongis obtusis incisis, labelli unguiculati subrotundi laciniis cuneatis inciso-dentatis intermedia majore calcare duplo breviore. Lindl.—«. grandiflora.— Habenaria, Br.— Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 224. — Orchis grandiflora. Bigel. (Habenaria, Torr.—Platanthera, Lindl.)— 8. floribus min- oribus, P. crispa. Lindl. Haz. z. and &. Abundant throughout Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. Cleghorn. Newfound- land (chiefly 6). Miss Brenton. 22. P. psychodes (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 294) ; caule folioso, foliis inferioribus oblongis obtusis supremis angustissimis acuminatis, racemo laxo multifloro, bracteis foliaceis flori- bus longioribus, sepalis retusis lateralibus deflexis, petalis emarginatis, labello unguicu- lato tripartito laciniis cuneatis capillaceo-multifidis subzequalibus, calcare ovario duplo breviore. Lindl.—a. laciniis labelli omnibus multifidis. Zindl.—Orchis psychodes. L.— Ph. Am. 2. p. 585.— Habenaria, Spr.—Habenaria lacera. Br.—Orchis, Ph. Am. 2. p. 586.— 8. lacinia intermedia labelli indivisa. Lindl. Haz. a. Canada. (Pursh), Sillery. Mrs Sheppard.—Probably not distinct from the preceding. On the subject of this species, my valued friend Dr Gray thus writes to me, after an examination of the Banksian and Gronovian Herbaria : ** As to Orchis psychodes, there is still a great confusion of synonomy, or would Pogonia.] ORCHIDEE. 201 he if you were to go back to the original, which would now be scarcely proper. You will see by the Sp. Plant. ed. 1., that the species is founded on a plant of Kalm, from Canada; and that a plant of Gronovius from Virginia, is referred to it. The O. psychodes of Willdenow, and as far as I know, of almost all later botanists, is the O. Zacera of Mx.—Now, I find that the Gronovian plant is O. cristata, Willd. (the small- flowered, yellow, New Jersey species,)—the specimen from Kalm, in Herb. Linn., from which the detailed description is drawn, is O. fimbriata |—a specimen with more crowded flowers, and rather smaller than usual.” 9. PERISTYLUS. Lindi. (Omnia Platanthera, sed calyx semper campanulatus et calcar brevissimum ssepius scrotiforme.) : 1. P. Chorisianus (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 291); foliis binis lato-ovatis acutis, spica pauciflora laxiuscula, bracteis ovatis acuminatis floribus longioribus, sepalis ovatis obtusis membranaceis patentibus, petalis carnosis subrotundo-ovatis conniventibus, labello ovato canaliculato obtuso apice cucullato, calcare brevissime subtereti. Lindl.—Habenaria. Cham. in Linnea, 8. p. 31. Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.). 2. P. bracteatus (Lindl. Gen. Orch. p. 298); caule folioso, foliis oblongis obtusis vel retusis sursum angustatis et acutioribus, spica laxa, bracteis foliaceis acüminatis floribus duplo triploque longioribus, petalis linearibus erectis, labello lineari truncato subcuneato angulis apice nunc productioribus, calcare inflato brevi. Lindl.—Habenaria. Br.— Pursh, Am. 2. p. 587. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 175. Haz. From Lake Huron (Dr Todd) to the Saskatchawan, and to swamps in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—Notwithstanding the greater size of this plant, (sometimes a foot high,) and its large foliaceous bracteas, I am much disposed to concur with Dr Lindley in the opinion that ít is not really distinct from P, viridis of Europe, of which I have specimens from the Altai, and from the Highlands of Scotland, which can scarcely be distinguished from it. I may add too, that Mr Drummond, who must have been familiar with P. viridis, marked his Rocky Mountain specimens by that name. $ IV. AnETHUsEZX. Lindl. 10. ARETHUSA. Sw. 1. A. bulbosa. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 591. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 170. Bot. Mag. t. 2204. Haz, Canada. Pursh. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs Perceval. Goldie. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. 11. POGONIA. Juss. 1. P. ophioglossoides (Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 148) ; radice fibrosa, scapo unifloro, folio brac- teaque elliptico-lanceolatis, petalis exterioribus oblongo-ovatis, labello disco papilloso margine dentato. Hook. Ex. Fl. t. 10,—Arethusa. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 592. “VOL. II. 2c 202 ; ORCHIDEE. [Spiranthes. Haz, Canada. Pursh. Lady Dalhousie. Mr Cleghorn. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison.—Flower rose- colour. 2. P. pendula (Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 908); foliis ovatis squamiformibus amplexicaulibus, floribus subsolitariis cernuis, labelli lobo medio oblongo crispo, caule angulato. Lindl.— Triphora pendula. Nut.— Arethusa. Willd.—Ph. Am, 2. p. 590.— A. trianthophora. Sw. —A. parviflora. Mz. Haz. Canada. Goldie. Douglas. Nuttall.—Flowers white. Plant 2-4 inches high. Lindley has cer- tainly correctly referred this curious little plant to Pogonia. 12. CALOPOGON. Zr. 1. C. pulchellus. Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 204.— Cymbidium. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 592.—Limodorum. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 116.—L. tuberosum. Mz. Haz. Canada, frequent. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. 13. EPIPACTIS. Zail. 1. E. gigantea ; elata, foliis ovato-lanceolatis marginibus scabris, floribus solitariis axil- ` laribus nutantibus, labello sepalis petalisque acuminatis.—(Tas. CCII.) Douglas mst. Haz. N. W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky Mountains. Douglas. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr Scouler.—Two to 3 feet high ; stem leafy to the top; leaves 5-6 inches long, the lower ones sheathing and very obtuse, the rest much acuminated. The colour of the flowers appears to be greenish-brown, like those of E. palustris; but in the large axillary flowers, it most resembles Æ. pallens, from which it may be at once known by its drooping flowers, acuminated sepals, petals and labellum, as well as by the leaves, which are moreover, very rough, with minute harsh serratures at the margin. Tas. CCII. Fig. 1, Flower, side view ; f. 2, Front view of do. ; f: 3, Column and lip :—magnified. AN. Neorrizz. Lindi. 14, SPIRANTHES. Rich. 1, S. cernua (Rich.) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis radicalibus basi attenuatis superioribus sensim minoribus vaginantibus, spica densa, floribus demum cernyis bracteis brevioribus, sepalis petalisque coherentibus labello oblongo integerrimo apice dilatato crenulato in- ferne pulcherrime venoso brevioribus. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 283.— Neottia. JVilld.— Bot. Mag. t. 1568. Ph. Am. 9. p. 589. : Haz. Canada; to the Saskatchawan and the Lake of the Woods in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Miss Brenton. N. W. America. Menzies. Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr d.— At first sight resembling stout plants of the European S. estivalis; but the spikes J are much more dense, the bracteas and flowers larger, and the lateral sepals cohere with the upper one and the petals, for nearly their whole length. 2, S. gracilis; foliis radicalibus ovatis petiolatis, scapo elongato vaginis subfoliosis Goodyera.] ORCHIDEZE. ` 203 squamatis, spica gracili laxa, floribus bracteas superantibus, sepalis lateralibus liberis la- bello oblongo-subspathulato crenulato paullo longioribus.—(Tas. CCIII.)— Bigel. Bost. ed. 2. p. 322.—Neottia tortilis. Ph. Am. 2. p. 589 (non Sw.).—Ophrys sestivalis. Mz. Am. 2. p. 157. Haz. Canada; and from Lake Huron, (Dr Todd) to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Dr Rich- ardson. Drummond.—Dr Bigelow has well described this plant, and remarked that the radical leaves frequently falling off, cause it to appear leafless at the time of flowering ; and it is this imperfect state _ evidently, that Michaux has described, and when he says, ** scapo folioso, foliis lanceolatis acutissimis," he alludes to its leaf-like scales. Pursh completely misunderstood Michaux, or he would never have referred the plant to Neottia tortilis of Swartz, which has linear radical leaves a foot long, and a scape 2 feet high; and he has copied the character of N. tortilis from Swartz and Willdenow, The present species is frequent in the United States. I possess specimens from Drs Schweinitz and Boott, and from Mr Greene. Tas. CCIIL Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Labellum :—magnified. 3. S. decipiens; foliis radicalibus ovatis, scapo pubescente squamoso squamis subfoliaceis, spica multiflora laxiuscula, bracteis flore brevioribus, labello ovato acuminato obtuso basi concavo apice conduplicato, anthera gynizoque acuminatis. (TaB. CCIV.) Ha». Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Lake Simcoe, and near the sources of the Columbia River. Drummond. Fort Vancouver and Straits of De Fuca. Dr Scouler.—This plant has so completely the habit of the Good- yera pubescens of American Botanists, that if I had not observed that its sepals were more acuminated, I should have been satisfied that it was that plant. But on looking into the flower, I find the column and an- ther and pollen to be completely those of a Spiranthes. Root or caudex creeping, jointed, with lateral fibres, resembling a Scolopendra. The leaves are in like manner frequently tessellated, or mottled with dark green on a pale green. Scape 8 inches to a foot high. Spike downy. Sepals ovato-lanceolate, acuminated, but rather obtuse, petals lanceolate, cohering with the upper sepal. Lip parallel with the column, ovate and concave at the base, then tapering gradually into a long, narrow, canaliculated, obtuse, nearly straight point. Column short. Stigma square mear the base, tapering upwards into a long sharp acumen, the gynizus ; anther, from the back of this, fixed and parallel with it, ovate, very convex above, terminating in a very sharp apex, opening with two cells and casting the pollen-mass on the back of the gynizus. This pollen-mass con- sists of a long subulate connectivum, to which are fixed, one on each side, a double row of compact cohering grains, the whole being pyriform, full yellow. Tas. CCIV. Fig. 1, Flower; f. 2, Column and lip; f. 3, 4. Different views of the column ; f. 5, Upper side of a pollen mass ; f. 6, Underside of do. :—magnified. 15. GOODYERA. Br. 1. G. repens (Br.); foliis ovatis subunicoloribus, labello ovato sublonge acuminato acumine modice recurvo, columna brevissima. Hook. Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 144.— Neottia. Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 589.—Satyrium, L. Has. Mountain woods of the Rocky Mountains (Drummond) and from the Saskatchawan to Fort Frank- lin. Dr Richardson.—Smaller than the following, with the leaves thinner, rarely reticulated with white veins, I have in vain sought for a distinctive character in the sepals; they appear to me to be of the same shape in both species, and even the lip presents but little character. The acumen is, however, longer and less recurved in the present individual, and the column is always very short. 204 ORCHIDEE. [Cypripedium. 2. G. pubescens (Br.); foliis ovatis plerumque albo-reticulatis, labello ovato brevi- acuminato acumine arcte reflexo.—Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 25. Bot. Mag. t. 2540 (mala).— Neottia. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 590. Haz. Canada. Pursh. Dr Todd. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Perceval. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 16. LISTERA. Br. 1. L. cordata (Br.); caule bifolio, foliis oppositis cordatis, sepalis ovato-oblongis, racemo glabro, labello lineari basi utrinque unidentata apice bifido laciniis lineari-acuminatis, columna perbrevi. Hook. im Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 143.—Epipactis. Sw.—Ophrys. L.— E. Bot. t. 358.— Mx.—f. sepalis labelloque angustioribus. Haz. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morrison. Lake Winipeg to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richard- son.—f. N. W. Coast ; from De Fuca to Unalaschka. Chamisso. Bongard. Dr Scouler. Tolmie.—This, according to Nuttall, is found so far south as New Jersey in the United States. The N. W. specimens have certainly nárrower sepals and lip than the others. 2. L. convallarioides (Nutt.); caule bifolio, foliis oppositis orbiculari-ovatis, racemo pubescente, sepalis anguste lanceolatis demum reflexis, labello oblongo-obcordato bifido cum mucrone intermedio obtuso laciniis brevibus obtusissimis, columna elongata cylin- drica. (Tas. CCV.)—Epipactis. Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 591.—Listera Eschscholziana. Cham. in Linnea, v. 3. p. 33. Haz. Near Quebec. Torrey (in Herb. nostr.). Mrs Perceval. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Shady woods in mountain swamps at the base of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. America. Menzies, in Herb. Banks. (fide Boott.). Clarence Straits. Tolmie. Unalaschka. Chamisso (in Herb. nostr.). Tas. CCV. Fig. 1, Flower :—magnified. $ VI. CYPRIPEDIEZ. Lindl. 17. CYPRIPEDIUM. Z. * Scapigera. - 1. C. humile. Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 596.—C. acaule. Ait. Bot. Mag. t. 192.—za. petalis flavescenti-viridibus vel fuscescentibus, labello purpurascente, intus venis saturatius pur- pureis. Rich. l. c.— 8. labello flavescenti-albo. Rich, I. c. Has. New Brunswick. Mr Kendall. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison; and («. and £.) from Canada to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. ** Caule foliato. 2. C. spectabile (Sw.) ; sepalis subeequalibus lato-ovatis obtusis, petalis lanceolatis planis longioribus, labello petalis longiore ventricoso subsulcato, stamine sterili cordato-ovato i Cypripedium.] ORCHIDEE. 205 obtuso.— Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1666. Ph. Am. 2. p. 594.—C. album. Ait.—Bot. Mag. t. 216.—C. Canadense. Mx.—C. Calceolus. y. L. Has. Canada. Pursh. Dr Todd. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard.—Flower the largest of any of the N. American species. Sepals and petals white, lip tinged with purple. 3. C. pubescens (Willd.); sepalis lanceolatis, stamine sterili triangulari acuto, labello petalis breviore subtus superneque convexo-gibboso lateraliter compresso. Hook. Bot. Mag. folio 3024 (ad calcem); t. 3024. A. Ph. Am. 2. p. 594. Rich. App. p. 34.—C. parviflorum. Bot. Mag. t. 911 (non Willd.). Ha». Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, —Sepals narrow, greenish-brown, streaked with purple. Lip yellow. 4. C. parviflorum (Salisb. in Linn. Trans. 1. p. 17. t. 2. f. 2); sepalis lato-ovatis, sta- mine sterili triangulari acuto, labello petalis breviore supra subtusque planiusculo. Hook. - Bot. Mag. t. 3024. Ph. Am. 2. p. 594. Haz. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton; and throughout Canada to Lake Winipeg and the Rocky Moun- tains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. America, in the Blue Mountains.— Very nearly allied to the preceding, and often confounded with it. Sepals broader, and, as well as the petals, chocolate-coloured. Lip deeper yellow, flattened as it were above and below, the sides swelling out. It is, I believe, the more generally diffused of the two species in British N. America. 5. C. passerinum (Rich. App. p. 34); sepalo superiori ovali-subrotundo petala oblonga obtusissima labellumque obovatum ore rotundatum contractum subzequante, stamine sterili elliptico-cordato obtuso.—C. parviflorum. Rich. App. ed. 1. p. 340 (excl. syn.). Haz. Pine woods, from the Saskatchawan to lat. 58°, and in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—A very remarkable and most distinct species, found, as far as I know, by no naturalist except those now mentioned. Itis admirably described by Dr Richardson. 6. C. arietinum (Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 222); calyce trisepalo, stamine sterili orbiculari-spathulato, labello saccato-calcarato. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 1569. Haz. Canada; Montreal (Messrs Chandlers and Buckingham). Goldie, Portage of the Grand Rapid of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Only two or three specimens were gathered, and those in fruit; but roots were brought home which flowered in the Belfast Botanic Garden.—A small species, readily distin- guished by the distinct sepals and lip coming to a deflexed point at the apex below, so as, in some directions, to resemble the head of a sheep or ram. 7. C. guttatum (Sw.) ; caule diphyllo, stamine sterili ovato emarginato deflexo, sepalo superiori ovato petalisque lanceolatis labellum ovali supra depressum ore patulo sub- squantibus. Reichenb. Ic. Bot. t. 210. Has. Two specimens only, with withered flowers, were gathered by Dr Richardson at Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River. Unalaschka, most abundant. Chamisso.—Flower rather small, beautifully mottled with purple and white. The leaves always turn black in drying. 206 IRIDEE. [Sisyrinchium. Orb. XVI. IRIDEZE. Juss. 1. IRIS. Z. 1. I. versicolor. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 21. Haz. Canada. Pursh. 2. I. Virginica. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 103.—1. hexagona. Walt.—1. lacustris? Nuit. Haz. Canada. Pursh. Cleghorn; to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. New Brunswick. Mr Kendall. 3. I. tridentata. Ph.—1. tripetala. Walt. (not Thunb.) Bot. Mag. t. 2886. Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard.—Mr Herbert observes, “ there are intermediate forms between tridentata, — of which the petals are nearly obsolete, and Virginica, for the most part with a naked unbranched stalk, furnished below with a great foliaceous bract, sometimes with a short secondary branch proceeding from it.” 4. I. Caurina, Herb. mst. Has. Canada. Cleghorn. Goldie. Dr Todd.—Under this name, Mr Herbert has marked in my Her- barium specimens of an Zris, of which I will not venture to draw up a character from the dried specimens ; but which will doubtless be a subject of remark in the Monograph of Iridee, preparing for the press by that zealous botanist. The note made by Mr Herbert, is to the following effect: ** Iris Caurina, W. H., caule simplici vel ramulo inferiore minore breviore ;” and further, “this plant has certainly the aspect of 7. tridentata, but its petals are perfect, and the main distinction between its flower and that of Virginica is thereby removed, the tridentate petal being only an imperfection. The sub-equal fork characterizes 7. Virginica." 5. I. hematophylla. Fisch,—Sweet, Fl. Gard. t. 118.—I. Sibirica, y. sanguinea. Ker, in Bot. Mag. t. 1604.— 1. sanguinea. R. and S.—8. Valametica; flore pallidiore? Herb. mst. Has. River Walamet, N. W. America. Tolmie.—“ Folia acuta erecta, circiter pedalia 3 unc. lata basi rubra scapo non Jistuloso breviora, bractea inferiore foliacea amplexicauli, superiore minore vel nulla, spatha subtriunciali biflora acuta pedunculum superante, germine trigono, perianthio ceerulescente, petalis angustis cristas angustas superantibus." W. H. in Herb. nostr. 6. I. tenax. Dougl. in Bot. Heg. t. 1218. Bot. Mag. t. 3343. Has. Common on dry undulating open grounds, from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound, N. W. America. Douglas. Tolmie. Dr Gairdner. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison., New Brunswick. Mr Kendall.—My specimens from Newfoundland and New Brunswick exactly resemble those of the N. W. Coast, and are without hesitation referred to it by Mr Herbert. A 2, SISYRINCHIUM. Z. 1. S. mucronatum. Mz. Has. Lake Huron to the diles: Dr Todd. Dr Richardson, Drummond. N. W. America, Fort Vancouver. Douglas. Dr Scouler. Walamet River. Tolmie. Carez.] CYPERACEE. 207 2. S. anceps. L.—S. gramineum. Lam.? Bot. Mag. t. 464? Has. Newfoundland (Miss Brenton) to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. California (Douglas) to Sitcha, N. W. America. Bongard.—Mr Herbert remarks in my Herbarium, that S. mucro- natum has usually the stalks much longer than the leaves ; but that the varieties of anceps and mucronatum are in reality scarcely distinguishable. j 3. S. grandiflorum. Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1364. Bot. Mag. t. 3509. Haz. Low hills of the Columbia, from the great falls to the Oakanagan, in dry soils. Douglas. Between Burnt and Malheur Rivers, Snake country. Tolmie. s Orv. XVII. HYPOXIDEZE. Br. 1. H. erecta. L.— Bot. Mag. t. 110. Haz. Canada. Pursh. Orv. XVIII. DIOSCOREJE. Br. 1. D. villosa. L.—D. paniculata. Jacq. Ic. t. 626. Haz. Canada. Pursh. Or. XIX. CYPERACEZE. Juss. 1. CAREX.* L. The following. valuable list, with characters and descriptions of new species of the British North American Carices, is entirely the work of my inestimable friend Dr Boott. The paper was accompanied with a letter, from which I make the following extract :— “ After months and months,” says Dr Boott, “ of intermittent study of Carex, I have completed the list of British and North American species, for publication in your British North American Flora, and if the deepest interest in the subject avails much, I can offer that as a recommendation of my humble labours. I have made the sketch as concise as possible, and, therefore, I hope you will publish it as I send it, letting me bear the responsibility of its defects. In a genus comprising so many species, I have thought it advisable at once to annex a full description of the new species. It will give an additional value to your admirable work ; and, to afford space, I have inserted nothing on the known species, but what is essential to their being re- cognised, leaving synonyms to be gleaned generally from works that are easy of access to all, I have re- * Vide Mémoires Acad. Imp. des. Sc. de St Petersb. tom. 1. 1831. p. 195, * Cyperaceg nove. C. A. Meyer."— Mém. de l' Acad. Imp. des Sc. de St Petersb. 6 series, tom. 2. p. 168. “ Bongard Obs. sur la Veg. de l'Isle de Sitcha.”—Silliman’s Journal. ** Caricography. C. Dewey.” vols. 7, 9, 10, 11, 28, 29, 30,— Monograph of the N. American, Sp. of Carex. L.D. de Schweinitz, Edit. by J. Torrey, in Annals of Lyceum of Nat. Hist. N. York, 1825.—Mon. of N. American Cyperacew. J. Torrey, 1836.— Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. 2. p. 169.— Muhlenberg des ub. Gram. et pl. cal. Phil. 1817.— Willdenow, Sp. pl. 4,207.—Schkuhr, ried- graf, (opus eximium).— Kunth Cyperographia. Stuttgard, 1837.—Goodenough, in Lin. Trs. 2, 126 ; 3, 76. —Rudge, Lin. Trs. 7, 96.— Hoppe and Sturm, Caricologia Germanica, 1835. 208 : CYPERACEE. [ Carex. sorted to measurements in my descriptions, as affording something like precision in character, and I have taken the scale of Vahl in his paper in Act. Holm. as my standard. This has given me trouble, but labor ipsa voluptas. I shall go on and prepare a monograph of the genus, describing a few new species in a paper for the Linneean Society this winter. I find the grouping of the (perhaps) 550 species of the Carez in one list, a puzzling thing. I have not affected to arrive at anything like natural grouping in the list of the British North American species, but have availed myself of some simple characters, to throw them into as reasonable a succession as I could. In a note at the beginning, I have made a reference to the principal works to be consulted ; but for the sake of brevity, I have not quoted, under each species, all these works. For instance, I have not referred to any author beyond the one who first described the species ; and, therefore, you will not find Willdenow nor Kunth quoted, except in those cases where it was essential Had I done so, it would have swelled the paper to an inconvenient size. I have quoted Schkuhr's admirable figures, giving the numbers of the fig. and not the lettering. “ To do honour to the intrepid men who have so much exalted the character of our race by their arctic voyages, I have called the new species generally after them, including the name of Dr Richardson's gallant though humble friend, Hepburn; you will find it necessary, therefore, to change a few of the names I have affixed to the specimens forwarded to you by Hü C. fuscicolor is C. Liddoni ; C. varia, var. from North America and the Rocky Mountains, is C. Mossi; C. integra is C. Hoppneri. I cannot find any authority for admitting C. squamosa and C. sparganioides as natives of British America." A. SPICA SOLITARIA, * Dioica. T Stig. 2. l. C. dioica. L.—Schk. f. 1. —C. Redowskiana. Meyer, t. 4. Haz. Carlton House to the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 2. C. leiocarpa. Meyer, t. 5. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard. : tt Stig. 3. 3. C. scirpoidea. Mich.—C. Wormskioldiana. Horn. Fl. Dan. Haz. Fort Norman, Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann. _** Androgyna. + Superne mascula. T Stig. 2. 4. C. capitata. L.—Schk. f. 80. Has. Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Torrey. Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Greenland. Hornemann. : 5. C. filifolia. Nuttall, Gen. N. Am. Pl, 2. 204.—Uncinia breviseta. Torr. Haz. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Missouri River. Bradbury, in herb. Hooker. (Stigmas often 3.) Hook. e Carex.] CYPERACEZ. 209 6. C. Hepburnii (Boott); spica ovali pauciflora, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ellipticis compressis brevi-rostratis ore membranaceo bifidis enerviis superne margine hispidis, .squamam ovatam equilatam ferrugineam margine membranaceam subsequantibus. (Tab. CCVII.) Haz. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Horn. in herb. Hooker. Cespitosa. Culmus 3-5 uncialis, glaber. Folia setacea, apice triangulari, hispida, basi vaginis latis costatis tecta, culmum equantia. Spica 4 lineas longa. 2 lin. lata, flosculis masculis, femineis 6-8 instructa. Squamascule anguste, lanceolate, pallide : feminec late ovatee, infima interdum brevi-hispida mucronata. Perigynium 1% lin. longum, lin. latum. aurantiaco-stramineum, apice ferrugineum squama demum paulo longius. Achenium lineam longum, $ lin. latum, olivaceum, obovato-ellipticum, basi styli incrassato ter- minatum. - Tas. CCVIL Fig. 1, Male Flower; f. 2, Female do. ; f. 3, Perigynium ; f. 4, Achenium and seta :— magnified. E 1. C. micropoda. Meyer, t. 6. Has. Unalaschka. Eschcholtz. 8. C. anthoxantha. Presl, —Kunth, Cyp. 370. Has. Nootka Sound. Presi. +t Stig. 3. 9. C. obtusata, Lilj.—Schk. f. 159.—C. Backiana. Dewey, (e descript.) Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Horn.— Achenium ` Haz. Carlton House. Richardson. basi stipite filiformi instructum, ut obs. cel. Kunth. 10. C. rupestris. Allion.—Schk. f. 189.—C. attenuata. R. Br. Haz. Fort Norman. Richardson. (B. major; C. Drummondiana. Dewey.) Rocky Mountains, Drum- mond. 11. C. circinnata. Meyer, t. 6. Haz. Unalaschka. Eschscholtz. Sitcha. Bongard. 12. C. polytrichoides, Muhl.—Schk. f. 138.—C. microstachya. Mich. Har. Hudson's Bay to Norway House. Dr Richardson. e 13. C. affinis. R. Br. in Frankl. Narr. App. 1823. Haz. Wooded country. Dr Richardson.—The specimen in Herb. Banks, has setaceous leaves, and looks like C. filifolia ; the spike is linear, and near an inch long. It is too large, though the specimen is very young, for C. Hepburnii or C. Lyoni. , 14. C. Lyoni (Boott) ; spica lineari pauciflora superne mascula, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis (immaturis) lineari-lanceolatis levibus ore membranaceo obliquo squama ferruginea lan- ceolata plus minus acuta brevioribus. (Tas. CCVIII.) Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. VOL, II. 2D 210 CYPERACEE. [ Carex. Ciespitosa. Radix repens, fibris longis albis implexa. Culmus biuncialis, obtusangulus, glaberrimus. Folia setacea, canaliculata, glauca, glaberrima, stricta, erecta, culmum superantia, 1-4 pollices longa, apice callosa, obtusa, nitente glabra, vaginis longis costatis, partem inferiorem culmi vestientibus. Spica linearis, 3-5 lineas longa, 3 lin. lata, ferruginea, flosculis masculis 3-4, femineis 7-9 instructa. Squame imbricate, lanceolate, acute, vel apice membranaceze, obtuse, perigyniis latiores et paululum longiores. Perigynium (foriferum) 14 lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, pallidum, nervosum. Achenium (valde juvenile) 2 lin. e Sëch i lin. latum. Stylus insertus. Stig. 3, brevia. Tas. CCVIIL Fig. 1, Male Flower ; f. 2, Perigynium :—magnifted. > 15. C. microglochin. Wahl.—Schk. f. 210. Has. Greenland. Horn, in Herb. Hooker. 16. C. pauciflora. Lightf. —Schh. f. 4. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. Newfoundland. Herb. Banks. 17. C. Pyrenaica. Wahl.— Meyer, t..7 Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 18. C. nigricans. Meyer, t. 7. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Unalaschka. Eschscholtz. 19. C. Backii (Boott); spica androgyna superne mascula flosculis masculis 3: minimis obscuris femineis 2-4 laxis conspicuis instructa, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis globoso-ovatis acuminatis conico-rostatis glabris ore integro superne subinflatis vacuis squama lata lan- ceolata foliacea multum brevioribus. (Tas. CCIX.) Has. Carlton House, Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Ceespitosa, radice fibrosa. Culmus gracilis, nudus, superne clavatus, angulis acutis subulatis scabris, seepe abbreviatus, semper foliis brevior. Folia 1-2 lineas lata, 5-10 pollices longa, erecta, stricta, firma, glabra, apice triquetra scabra, acuta. Spica subsexflora, 4 lin. longa, pars staminifera minima, obscura, tri- flora, lineam longa, angustissima, pedicellata, vix longitudinem dimidiam flosculi feminei superioris attingens. Squama externa cylindrico-clausa? pallide ferruginea, apice membranacea : relique oblongze diaphanze, arcte amplectentes. Stamina 2? Stylus sepius exsertus. Stig. 3, crassiuscula, glabra. Sguame feminee in- feriores foliaceze, lanceolate, acuminate, sursum decrescentes : superior perigynium subæquans : relique eo multum longiores, basi nervos& perigynium amplectentes. Perigynium ovato-acuminatum, superne vacuum, conico-rostratum, demum subpyriforme, ore integro, omnino glabrum binervosum, 24 lin. longum, lineam latum, Achenium 1$ lin. longum $ latum, abbreviato-pyriforme, apice rotundatum basi abrupte contractum, obseure triquetrum, pallidum. ©. Willdenowii, Schk. C. Steudelii, Kunth, affines.— Differt à priori flosculis masculis 3, nunquat (etiam | in culmis marcidis anni prioris) conspicuis imbricatis, stig. glabris, perigyniis glabris. ©. Steudelii, Kunth, flosculis masculis subduodenis gaudet. ` Tas. CCIX. Fig. E Male Spike and advanced Female Flower or Perigynium ; * 2, Achenium :— magnified. Carez.] CYPERACEZ. 211 ++ Inferne mascula. 20. C. ursina. Dewey. (Tas. CCX.) Has. Arctic Sea Coast. Dr Richardson. — Tas. CCX. Fig. 1, Spike; f. 2, Perigynium and scale; f. 3, Perigynium ; f. 4, Achenium :—magni- fied. i B. SPICULÆ AGGREGATE, ANDROGYNÆ, SESSILES. STIG. 2. * Apice masculæ. 21. C. disperma. Dewey.—C. loliacea. Dewey. Torrey. Ha». Rocky Mountains. Torrey. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—(vix à C. loliacea, L. distinguenda). 22. C. chordorhiza. Ehrh.—Schk. f. 31. G. Ii. Has. Hudson's Bay, Cumberland House. Drummond. Lake Winnipeg, Norway House and Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Greenland. Horn. in Herb. Hooker. 23. C. stenophylla. Wahl.—Schk. f. 30. Has. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Scouler. 24. C. incurva. Light.—Schk. f. 95. Haz. Cumberland House, Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Horn. in Herb. Hook. 25. C. fulvicoma. Dewey. Haz. Arctic Sea Coast. Dr Richardson.—(species minime cognita !). 26. C. anthericoides. Presl.— Kunth, Cyp. 418. Haz. Port Mulgrave, Nootka Sound. Presl. 27. C. Hoodii (Boott) ; spica composita e spiculis 9-10 in capitulum ovatum arcte con- gestis apice masculis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ovatis acuminato-rostratis ciliato-serratis bifidis ore antice oblique fisso squamam ovatam acutam equantibus. (Tas. CCXI.) Haz. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. S Culmus bipedalis, debilis, inferne foliatus glaber, superne nudus acutangulus scaber, basi rudimentis foliorum brevibus atro-purpureis tectus. Folia 1-14 lin. lata, partem inferiorem fere dimidiam culmi alternatim va- ginantia, deorsum breviora, superius culmi æquans vel eo longius, supra (oculo armato) papilloso-scabra, marginibus hispida apice triquetra scabra; Spiculis subdenis parvis ovatis in capitulum ferrugineum 8 lin. longum, 5 lin. latum congestis: ad basin bracteis squamaformibus brevi-hispido-mucronatis suffultis, Sgua- me ferrugineze, nervo. pallido, ovato-acuminate, acute vel mucronulate, perigynium subzquantes, Perigy- 212 CYPERACEE. [ Carez. nium (vix maturum) 13 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, ovatum, acuminato-rostratum, bifidum, ciliato-serratum, vel antice alte fisso. Achenium $ lin. longum, $ lin. latum, ovatum, pallidum. Tas. CCXI. Fig. 1, Female Flower ; Jf: 2, young Perigynium ; f. 3, more advanced do.; f. 4, Ache- nium :—magnified. 28. C. cephalophora. Muhl,—Schk. f. 133. Beck, Bot. North and Midl, States. Has. Canada, Albany, 1833. 29. C. Muhlenbergii. Schk. f. 118. Has. Hudson's Bay. Torrey. 30. C. muricata. L.—Schk. f. 22. Has. N. W. Coast. Douglas. 31. C. Hookeriana. Dewey. (Tas. CCXII.) Has. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Tas. CCXII. Fig. 1, Bractea ; f. 2, Female Flower; f 3, Perigynium :—magnified. 32. C. rosea. Schk. f. 179. Han. Canada. Parsh. Cleghorn. Columbia River. Scouler. 33. C. retroflexa, Muhl.—Schk. f. 140. Haz. British America. Torrey. 34. C. siccata. Dewey.—C. pallida. Meyer, t. 8. Has. Cumberland House, Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson, Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Colum- : bia River. Scouler. 35. C. intermedia. Good.—Schk. f. 7. Haz. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. 36. C. bromoides. Schk. f. 176. Haz. British America; Rocky Mountains. Torrey. 37. C. vulpinoidea. Mich.— C. stipata. Muhl.— Sch. f. 132. Has. Common in British America, Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Douglas. 38. C. multiflora. Muhl.— Schk. f. 144. Haz. Canada. Dr Richardson. : 39. C. marcida (Boott); spica oblonga composita e spiculis pluribus parvis ovatis su- perne masculis superioribus simplicibus inferioribus compositis omnibus congestis: ebrac- teatis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis late ovatis acuminatis rostratis plano-convexis superne. "en? CYPERACEZ. 213 margine serratis nervosis ore membranaceo antice profundius fisso squamam ovatam acutam zequantibus. (Tas. CCXIII.) : Haz. Columbia River. Scouler. Culmus 13-23 ped. altus, gracilis, superne nudus scabriusculus. Folia plana, plerumque involuta, lineam lata, culmo breviora, marginibus scabra in apicem triquetram scabram attenuatam producta. Bractea squame- formis, infima mucronata spiculis brevior, Spica 8-15 lineas longa, 4-5 lin. lata, pallide straminea. Spicule numerose parv ovate, superiores simplices congeste, inferiores composite breves aliis arcte contiguse, omnes imbricatee quasi florentes, tamen perigynia matura seclusa ferentes. Squame ovate acute imbricate, paleate quasi marcide, margine membranacex. Perigynium 14 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, fere suborbiculato-acumin- atum, plano-convexum rostratum superne margine serratum atro-castaneum facie convexa nervosum, ore membranaceo antice profundius fisso. Achenium brevi-ellipticum fuscum, 6-9 lin. longum, 4-9 lin. latum. Tas. CCXIIL. Fig. 1, Female Flower ; f. 2, 3, Perigynia ; f. 4, Achenium: gnified. 40. C. Douglasii (Boott); spica dioica! composita e spiculis subduodenis pluribusve ovatis superioribus simplicibus arcte congestis inferioribus remotiusculis interdum com- positis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis elliptico-lanceolatis rostratis bifidis squama lanceolata acuta brevioribus. (Tas. CCXIV.) Haz. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Culmus vix pedalis, strictus, erectus, obtusangulus, glaberrimus, superne nudus. Folia 1-14 lin. lata, mar- gine apiceque triangulari longe attenuata scabra, culmo paululum breviora. Bractea setacea brevis, vel ver- sus basin spice foliaceo-setacea eamque superans: superiores squameformes mucronate. Spica 15 lineas ad duas pollices longa, 6-9 lin. lata e spiculis simplicibus arcte congestis composita, vel ad basin ramosa laxi- orque. Squame castanez lanceolate acute perigynio longiores. Perigynium (floriferum) 2 lin. longum, 4 lin. latum, elliptico-lanceolatum rostratum bifidum glabrum viride vel rostro subhispidulo ferrugineo, margini- bus obtusis. Achenium (immaturum) $ lin. longum, } lin. latum, olivaceum. Stylus exsertus, basi incras- sato? Stig. 2, longissima.—Stamina pluribus speciminibus omnino desunt. Tas. CCXIV. Fig. 1, Perigynium :—magnified. 41, C. teretiuscula, Good.— Schk. f. 19. Haz. Cumberland House, Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 42. C. paradoxa. Schk. f. 21. Haz. Carlton and Norway House. Dr Richardson. ** Basi masculæ. 43. C. trisperma. Dewey. Haz. Cumberland House. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Torrey. 44. C. Deweyana. Schw.—C. remota. Rich. in Frank, Narr. Haz. Canada, to Norway House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 45. C. elongata. L.—Schk. f. 25. Has. Sitcha. Bongard. 214 - CYPERACEZ. [ Carez. 46. C. curta. Good.—Schk. f 13.—C. Richardi. Mich.— C. canescens. Torr. 8. minor. Has. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. 47. C. stellulata. Good.—Schk. f. 14. Has. Common in British America; Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard. 48. C. tenuiflora. Wahl.—Schk. f. 187. . Has. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 49. C. heleonastes. L.—Schk. 91.—C. Carltonia. Dewey. Torr. Ha», Hudson's Bay, Cumberland House. Drummond. Norway House. Dr Richardson. - 50. C. glareosa. Wahl. Has. Greenland. Hornemann. Torrey. 51. C. marina. Dewey. Haz. Arctic Sea Coast. Dr Richardson. 52. C. leporina. L.—Schk. f. '19. 129.—C. lagopina. Walh. Haz. Rocky Mountains. Dr d. Greenland. Hor in Herb. Hooker. 53. C. petasata. Dewey. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 54. C. ovalis. Good.— Schk. f. 8. Has. Columbia River. Menzies. Scouler. 55. C. scoparia. Schk. f. 115. Has. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Columbia River. Scouler. 56. C. lagopodioides. Schh. f. 177. Has. Cumberland House. D; d. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. 57. C. arida. Torr. Mon. t. 25. f. 2. Haz. Norway and Cumberland House. Drummond. 58. C. Liddoni (Boott) ; spica composita e spiculis 6 ellipticis contiguis ebracteatis basi masculis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis lanceolatis acuminatis oblique bifidis margine inalata serrulatis, squama lanceolata acuta castanea margine albo-hyalina vix longioribus. (Tas. CCXV.) ; Has. Columbia River. Scouler. Carez.] CYPERACEE. 215 Culmus tripedalis sulcatus, apice hispidulus, basi alterne foliatus, folia longissime superans. Folia lin. I} lata, stricta, apice triquetra, scabra, superius vix pedale. Spica sesquiuncialis. Spicule 7-9 lin. longe, 3 lin. late, arcte contiguz albo-éastanez. Squame@ lanceolate, margine hyalina latiuscula cinte. Perigy- nium 35 lin. longum, lineam latum, apice lineaque media castaneum, leeviter neryosum, ore antice profundius fisso, squamam subzquans. Achenium oblongum obtusum, pallide stramineum, 14 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, basi in stipite brevi productum, styli terminatum. Taz. CCXV. Fig. 1, Female Flower ; f 2, 3, Perigynia :—magnified. 59. C. festiva. Dewey. Haz. Cumberland House, Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. 60. C. cristata. Schw. Mon. t. 25. f. 1. Haz. Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. Cumberland House. Drummond. 61. C. festucacea. Schk. f. 173. Has. British America. Torrey. 62. C. adusta (Boott) ; spica composita e spiculis 4-10 pluribusve omnibus simplici- bus vel inferioribus compositis basi masculis, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ovatis acuminato- rostratis bifidis plano-convexis turgidis superne anguste alatis serrulatis, dorso 10-12 leviter nervosis squamam sequilatam acutam zequantibus. Has. Common in British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas.—f. minor, angustifolia. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Culmus subsesquipedalis, obtusangulus glaber, vel apice scabriusculus nudus. ' Folia 1-2 lineas lata, glabra, margine scabriuscula partem inferiorem dimidiam culmi vaginantia, seepe transversim corrugata maculisque quasi adustis notata. Bractea ad basin spicule inferioris secundzeque interdum foliacea spicam subeequans : vel omnes breves squameformes, inferior solum brevi-mucronata. Spicule omnes simplices, alterne ap- proximate, extreme: majores basi magis attenuate huic demum clavate : medie ovate : inferiores remotius- cula :—vel spiculz superiores solum simplices, inferior vel spieule duæ inferiores composite, e spiculis 3-4 in spicam brevem vel elongatam dispositis. Sg 1 late, acute, strami vel pallido-ferruginez, nervo viridi, perigynium longitudine et latitudine subeequans. Perigynium 2 lin. longum, 1 lin. latum, ova- tum acuminato-rostratum, bifidum, viride, plano-convexum, facie convexa leviter 10-12 nervosum, altera nisi basi enerve, márginibus ad basin obtusis, superne anguste alatis serrulatis. Achenium 13 lin. longum, lin. latum, suborbiculato-oblongum, fusco-castaneum, biconvexum basi styli aequali apiculatum. — 63. C. straminea. Schk. f. 174, Haz. British America. Dr Richardson. Dr d. Columbia River. Douglas.—f. minor. C. tenera. Dewey. Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. . + Stigmatibus 3. 6i. C. macrocephala. Willd. (Tas. CCXVL)—S. Menziesiana, Sm. Herb. Haz. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Menzies. Tam. CCXVI. Fig. 1, Perigonium and scale ; f. 2, Perigonium :—magnified. 216 CYPERACEE. [ Carex. C. SPICA TERMINALIS ANDROGYNA VEL MASCULA, RELIQUE PLERUMQUE FEMINEA, PEDUNCULATE. * * de Stig. 2. 65. C. bicolor. Allion.—Schk. f. 181. Haz. Labrador. Schweinitz. Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. ** Stigmatibus 3. 66. C. Vahlii. Schk. f. 94. 154.—C. media? R. Br. Has. Common in British America, to Arctic Coast. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. 67. C. atrata. L.—Schk. f. 17. Haz. Rocky Mountains. James. Torrey. Drummond. Arctic America. Parry. N. America. Herb. Banks. : 68. C. ovata. Rudge, in Lin. Trans. Y. p. 96. t. 9. f. 1. Has. Newfoundland. Rudge. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 69. C. canescens. L.—Schk. t. x. Gg. 16.— C. Buxbaumii. Wahl.— Torr. Haz. Canada. Todd. Cumberland House, Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. Observatory Inlet. Scouler. Sitcha. Bongard. 70. C. Gmelini. Hooker, Bot. of Beechey Voy. t. 27. Gmelin, Fl. Sib. 1. t. 30. f. 1. Haz. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. 11. C. petricosa. Dewey. 3 Has, Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— Affinis C. ferruginee Schk. et C. tristi, Bieb. 12. C. hirsuta. Willd. —Schk. f. Y12.— C. triceps. Mich. Has. Canada. Torrey. 73. C. Parryana. Dewey.—C. arctica. Dewey.—C. stylosa? Meyer, t. 12. . Has. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Sitcha. Bongard. Nullo modo distinguenda ; spica terminalis seepius androgyna! 14. C. miliacea. Muhl.—Schk. f. 151. Haz. Canada. Cleghorn. Spica terminalis seepe androgyna! 15. C. debilis. Mich.— C. flexuosa. Schk. € 194.— C. tenuis. Rudge, Lin. Trans. 7.1.9. EB Haz. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. Carez.] CYPERACEE. 217 16. C. gracillima. Schw.—C. digitalis. Schw. Mon. t. 26. f. 1. Has. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. 11. C. Mertensii. Prescott. (Tas. CCXVII.)—C. Columbiana. Dewey. Has. N. W. Coast. Menzies. Sitcha. Bongard. Tas. CCXVIL Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, 3, Perigynia ; f. 4, Achenium :—magnified. 78. C. pedunculata. Muhl.—Schk. f. 131. Has. Canada. Todd. Cleghorn. Mrs Sheppard. Cumberland and Norway House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Mountains, Drummond. 19. C. Franklinii (Boott) ; spicis 6-9 apice masculis superioribus congestis sessilibus inzequalibus inferioribus alternis pedunculatis nutantibus, stigmatibus 3 (2), perigyniis oblongo-ovatis hispidis ore membranaceo oblique bifido squama hispida mucronulata lon- gioribus. (Tar. CCXVIII.)—C. ovata. Dewey, — Torr. Has. Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Radix cespitosa, fibris ferrugineis. Culmus bi-tripedalis, pars spicas gerens 3-5 pollicaris, strictus, nudus (rarissime folium vaginans infra spicas gerens), inferne obtusangulus glaber, superne angulis acutioribus his- pidulus, reliquiis foliorum laceratis: basi tectus. Folia radicalia culmo breviora, latitudine admodum varia, queedum setacea, alia líneam lata, scabra, margine hispida, superne attenuata. Spice 6-9 ferruginec, insigniter insequales, 5-11 lineas longe, 1-3 lineas late, ovatee, quiedam lineares, alice oblongo-elliptice. Spica ter- minalis, ovata, apicé conspicue mascula, ad ejus basin 1-3 arcte sessiles lineares tote mascule vel flosculis feemineis paucis basi instructs, ebracteate ; intermedia subsessiles approximate ; inferiores deorsum longius exserte pedunculate vel androgyne vel tote foeminex ; infima basi laxiflora et rarius composita (spicula unica basi aucta) subremota. Syuame ferruginec nervo pallido margine albo-membranacez late ovate: acuminate mucronulatzeque dorso versus medium hispidæ.¥" Pedunculi triquetri, hispidi, 2 lin. ad 2 poll. longi. Bractee foliacee angustee sursum decrescentes, vaginate, inferior culmum paululum superans. Perigynium 24 lin. longum, lineam latum, ellipticum vel oblongo-ovatum, compressum, ore membranaceo oblique bifido, nervosum, superne ferrugineum hispidum, inferne pallidum glabrum. marginibus serrato-scabrum. Achenium oblongo- triquetrum, longe stipitatum, 4 lin. longum (cum stipite lineam longum) 4 lin. latum, pallide castaneum, Tas. CCXVIIIL. Fig. 1, Female Flower ; f. 2, Perigynium ; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified. E poc SPICA TERMINALIS MASCULA 1 VEL PLURES, RELIQUE FEMINER. * Stig. 3 — 80. C. rigida. Good.—C. saxatilis. Fl, Dan.—Torrey.—Schh. f. 40. Ue as in British ‘Amarth, to the Aretic Coast. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann, in. Herb Hooker. Labrador, Torrey. er 81. C. cespitosa, L,— Schk. f. 85.— C. concolor. R. Br. Han. Canada to the Arctic Coast. Dr Richardson. _Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Sitcha, Bongard. VOL, II. 2E 218 ) CYPERACEZ. - [ Carex. 82. C. aperta (Boott) ; spica mascula 1-2 oblongo-cylindrica acuta, foemineis 2-4 ob- longis superioribus approximatis sessilibus apice masculis inferiori remota pedicellata ssepe tota foeminea, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis orbiculatis stipitatis enerviis pellucide punc- tatis abrupte brevi-rostratis ore bidentato squama ferruginea lanceolata acuta latioribus brevioribusque. (Tas. CCXIX.) Haz. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler.—P. angustifolia. Fort Good Hope. Dr Richardson. '- Culmus 13 pedalis, angulis acutis scabris, superne nudus, basi vaginis atro-purpureis tectus. Folia 12 lin. lata erecta, margine apiceque triquetra acuta scabra, culmo breviora. Bractea ferrugineo-auriculata, inferior foliacea vix culmum sequans, superiores setaceze spicis suis breviores. Spica mascula 1-2, 1-13 poll. longa, 2 lin. lata, inferior brevior sessilis, squamis ferrugineis obtusis. Spice feminee 2-4, 7-13 lin. long, 2-3 lin. latze, erectee, approximates, sessiles, apice masculæ, inferior remota pedicellata ; seepe tote fæmineæ (uno ex- emplo spice foeminez 14-21 lin. longze, inferior basi composita) squamis ferrugineis lanceolatis acutis apertis perigynia superantibus. | Perigynium orbiculatum stipitatum enervium abrupte brevi-rostratum, seepe apice serraturis paucis maculisque ferrugineis notatum, interdum ferrugineum-apice glaucum, ore bidentato, 13 lin. longum (cum stipite 1$ lin. longum,) lineam latum. Achenium lin. longum, $ lin. latum, orbiculatum, basi styli apiculatum, stramineo-pallidum, compressum. é -Dif. a C. cespitosa perigyniis orbiculatis stipitatis enerviis bidentatis squama lanceolata acuta aperta bre- vioribus. Tas. CCXIX. Fig. 1, Perigynium and scale ; f. 2, 3, Perigynia ; f. 4, Achenium :—magnified. 83. C. angustata (Boott) ; spicis masculis 1-2 cylindricis, foemineis 1-4 plerumque 2-3 acutis apice masculis gracilibus cylindricis subsessilibus, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ovato- acuminatis vel ellipticis ore integro squama ferruginea lineari obtusa plerumque brevi- oribus latioribusque.— 0C. acuta. Dewey,— Torrey. Has. Columbia River. Scouler. Tolmie. Culmus bipedalis, gracilis, superne scaber. . Folia 1-2 lin. lata, carina margineque scabra, culmo breviora, vaginis inferioribus in filis reticulatis rumpentibus. Bractea anguste foliacea, serrato-scabra ; inferior rotun- dato-aurieulata spica sua longior, rarius culmum subzquans ; superior setacea auriculato-dilatata. Spice mascule 1-2, terminales, 1-13 poll. Jongen, lineam latze, pedicellatze: inferior brevior sessilis, squamis ferrugineis obtusis. Spice feminee 1-23 poll. longe, 2 lin. late, superior sessilis semper androgyna, spe plusquam dimidiatim apice mascula : secunda subsessilis androgyna ; inferior longior brevi-pedicellata basi laxiflora tota feminea vel apice flosculis masculis paucis instructa. Squame vivide ferruginez, nervo viridi, margine mem- branaceo, inferiores lanceolate acute, superiores lineares obtuse, plerumque perigyniis longiores et angus- tiores. Stig. 2. brevia. Perigynium 13-13 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, viride vel glaucum, enervium, vel nervis 2-4 utrinque notatum, pellucido-punctatum ore integro vel leviter emarginato, rarius serraturis 2-3 hispido. Achenium orbiculatum $ lin. longum, $ lin. latum, basi brevi productum, vel $1 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, pallide stramineum, pella basi styli apiculatum, Affinior C. stricte quam C. acute. Canada and in South America, eh verticillata. Spica mascula 1, foemineis 4 ratius apice masculis, inferiori nutante basi interrupta, perigyniis VEN dispositis, squamis nigrescentibus, perigyniis minoribus, culmo glabro. 84. C. stricta. Good. — ScAA. f 13. Han, Columbia River! ‚Douglas; Scouler. Carex.) CYPERACEE. 219 85. C. lenticularis. Mich. Haz. Canada to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Spica terminalis sæpe mascula. 86. C. aquatilis. Wahl. ‘Has. Canada to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 87. C. physocarpa. Presl,—Kunth. Cyp. 420. Haz. Nootka Sound. Presl. 88. C. cryptocarpa. Meyer, t. 14.—C. Scouleri? Torrey. Haz. Clemincitty Harbour. Tolmie. Sitcha. Bongard. Vix à C. salina, b. Wahl. distincta! 89. C. salina. Wahl.—Schk. f. 185. Haz. Hood's Canal, Soquamish Country. Tolmie. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey (** C. stricta"). Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker.—f. Wahl.— C. lan- ceolata. Dewey. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. " 90. C. Hoppneri (Boott); spica mascula 1 lineari, foemineis 2 ovatis paucifloris sessili- bus, stigmatibus 2, perigyniis ellipticis plano-convexis erostratis ore indiviso squama ovata obtusa mucronulata nigro-ferruginea longioribus. (Tas. CCX X.) Haz. Cumberland House and Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann in Herb. Hooker. Culmus gracilis, 3-5 pollicaris, obtusangulus, sulcatus, glaber. Folia angustissima, eximie involuta, apice triquetra scabra culmo breviora. Sterilia sexpollicaria, omnia ab involutionem quasi setacea. Spica mascula 6-8 lin. longa, vix lineam lata, squamis oblongis obtusis, rarius mucronulatis, ferrugineis. Spice feminer 2 ovate, 3-5 lineas longe, 2 lin. late, sub 12-florze, superior sessilis, inferior brevi-pedunculata inter- vallo 2-10 lin. remota. Bractee basi plane spicas cireumvolventes iisque multum longiores culmum zequan- tes, nervosee, emarginate, nigro-auriculate. Perigynium 1$ lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, plano-convexum ellipti- cum interdum apiculatum, ore indiviso vel subemarginato, enervium, superne ferrugineum, inferne stramineo- pallidum. | Squama subrotundo-ovata obtusissima, interdum mucronulata, nigro-ferruginea, nervo pallido, 4-4 longius. Achenium lineam longum, $ lin. latum, plano-convexum ellipticum, basi attenuatum basi styli sequali terminatum, ferrugineum, Tas. CCXX.. Fig. 1, Perigynium and scale; f. 2, Perigynia ; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified, 91. C. maritima. Muller.—Schk. f. 14. Haz. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Drummond. 92. C. crinita. Lam. Enc.—Schk, f. 125. 164. e Haz, ‚Canada to Norway House, Dr Richardson. Drummond. 93. C. macrocheta. Meyer, t. 13.— C. spectabilis. Dewey. Haz, Fort Vancouver. Garry. Sitcha. Bongard. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 220 CYPERACEE. [ Carez. 94, C. Sitchensis. Prescott. (Tas. CCXXI.) Haz. Sitcha. Bongard. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. Puget's Sound, Soquamish Country. Tolmie. Tas. CCXXI. Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, Perigynium ; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified. 95, C. recta (Boott); spicis masculis 2 oblongis inferiori pedunculata, foemineis 3-4 cylindricis pedunculatis strictis erectis, stigmatibus perigyniis subrotundo-obovatis glaucis levibus cylindrico-rostratis ore integro squama — aristata nigro-purpurascente duplo brevioribus. (Tas. CCXXII. ) Haz. Labrador. Herb. Hooker. Culmus 14 pedalis, strictus, superne scaber. Folia 2 lineas lata stricta acuminata superne marginibus apiceque triquetra scabra culmo breviora, sub 8 pollices longe. Bractee foliaceæ evaginate, apice attenuate culmum superantes, superne serrato-scabra, auricula amplectente obtusa ferruginea., Spice mascule 6-12 lineas Jonge, foemineis approximate, squame ferrugineze, inferiores obtusee albo-marginatze, superiores acutiores, nervo sspe in aristam brevissimam producto. Spice feminez 1-2 poll. longze, 2 lin. latze, strictze, erectee, duce superiores flosculis masculis 2-3 apice instruetz, intervallis 1-14 poll. remote : inferior interdum remotior, basi laxiflora. Syuame nigro-purpurascentes, nervo pallido, inferiores aristate. Pedunculi 4-13 lin. longi. Perigynium subrotundo-obovatum, glaucum, Jeevissimum, rostro brevi cylindrico ore integro vel minime emarginato, 12 lin. longum, 4 lin. latum. Achenium immaturum. Tas. CCXXII. Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, Perigynium; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified. 96. C. compacta. R. Br.—Dewey,—C. Jamesii? Torrey. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. James. 97. C. saxatilis. L—C. pulla. Good, Lin. Trs. t. 14. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. ** Stig. 3. 1 Perigynia inflata, plus minus longe rostrata. 98. C. membranacea, Hooker, in Parry 2d Voy. Has, Southampton Island. Capt. Parry. North Somerset, Duckett Cove. Ross. Kotzebue’s Sound. Beechey. Cumberland House to Arctic Coast. Dr Richardson. Greenland. Hornemann, in Herb. Hook. —* C. rotundata." 99. C. rotundata. Wahl. Haz. Slave Lake. Fort Enterprize. Dr Richardson. (Herb. Banks). ~The Së of this species are involute, and on comparing the specimens with one from Wahlenberg, I can see no difference. The pre- ceding ( C. membranacea) is closely allied to this, but the leaves are flat, and the spikes are Me 100. C. oligosperma. Mich.—C. Oakesiana. Dewey. Hav. Cumberland House to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Carezx.] CYPERACEZ. 221 101. C. bullata. Schk. f. 166. Has. Canada. Torrey.—f. cylindracea. Dewey. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. Drum. mond. 102. C. ampullacea. Good.— Schk. f. 107. Haz. Cumberland House, Bear Lake. English River. Dr Richardson. 103. C. utriculata (Boott) ; spicis masculis 3-4 cylindricis elongatis intermediis sessi- libus, foemineis 3-4 crassis, inferioribus pedunculatis basi laxifloris, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis oblongo-ellipticis acuminatis cylindrico-rostratis bicuspidatis nervosis stramineo-pallidis squama lanceolata acuminata hispido-aristata plus minus longioribus.—C. vesicaria. Dewey. Torrey.—C. ampullacea. Dewey. Haz. British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—£. minor. Perigyniis spicisque brevioribus densi- floris—British America. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Culmus bi-tripedalis, inferne crassus spongiosus, apice triqueter scaber. Folia 43 lin. lata, longissima, nodosa, striato-nervosa ; carina margineque scabra, basi culmum amplectentia. Bractee foliacex, culmum longe superantes, auricula obtusa amplectente. Spice le graciles 1-23 pollices longc, lineam late, inferiores bracteate : squamz lanceolate, acute, pallide ferruginez, apice. membr albide. Spice ferruginez 23 ad 4 pollices long, 7-8 lin. late, superiores sessiles, interdum apice mascule ; inferiores brevi- pedunculate, apice densi-(basi laxi)-flore, intervallis 14 ad 34 poll. remote, squama: ovato-lanceolate, acutis- sime, inferiores precipue in aristam longam scabram producte, perigynio sepe vix breviores. Perigynium 43 lin. longum, 13 lin. latum, oblongo-ellipticum, brevissime pedicellatum, acuminatum, cylindrico-rostratum, bicuspidatum, nervosum, divergens, Achenium minimum, $ lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, triquetrum. Styles ` longus. Stig. 3, brevia. 104. C. vesicaria. L.—Schk. f. 106. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard.—P. Columbia River. Douglas. Scouler. B. major ; Perigyniis (vix maturis) 4 lin. longis ovato-lanceolatis, longe acuminatis fuscis, squama mutica triplo longioribus, foliis 3 lin. latis, vaginis inferioribus in filis reticulatis rumpentibus ; spicis femineis bipollicaribus, 105. C. subulata, Mich.—Schw. Mon. t. 26. f. 1. Haz, Canada. Michauz, 106. C. folliculata. L.— Rudge, in Lin. Trs. t. 9. f. 4.—C. xanthophysa. Wahl,—C. rostrata. Mich, Has. Canada. Lake Mistassins. Michauz. v 107. C. intumescens. Rudge, in Lin. Trs. t. 9. f. 8. —C. folliculata. Schk. f. 52. Mich. Has. Canada to Norway House. Dr Richardson. 108. C. lupulina, Muhl.—Schk. f. 194. Has. Hudson's Bay. Torrey. 222 CYPERACEE. [ Carex, 109. C. retrorsa. Schw. Mon. t. 28. f. 2. Haz. Cumberland House. Drummond. Rocky Mountains, Torrey. 110. C. scabrata. Schw. t. 26. f. 2. Haz. Canada. Cleghorn, in Herb. Hooker. 111. C. Schweinitzii. Dewey. Haz. Canada. Torrey. 112. C. hystericina. Muhl.—Schk. f. 127. ` Haz. Canada. Torrey. 113. C. tentaculata. Muhl.—Schk. f. 130.—C. rostrata. Schk. f. 134. Haz. Canada. Torrey. 114. C. pseudo-cyperus. L.— Schk. f. 102. Haz. Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. 115. C. trichocarpa. Muhl.—Schk. f. 148. Haz. British America. Torrey. : "ilios 116, C. aristata. R. Br.— C. atherodes. Spreng. Haz. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Cumberland House. Drummond. 117. C. longirostris. Torrey. Haz, Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. tt Perigynia villosa. 118. C. umbellata. Schk. f. 171. Haz. British America. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 119. C. Rossii (Boott); spica mascula 1, foemineis 4 bracteatis, superioribus approxi- matis evaginatis, inferioribus subradicalibus longissime exserte pedunculatis, suprema sessili, omnibus laxe paucifloris, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis ovalibus utrinque attenuatis basi in stipitem productis longiuscule rostratis bifidis binervosis pubescentibus squamam ~ ovato-lanceolatam acutam subaequantibus. a Haz. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Culmi plures ex eadem radice, gracillimi, acutanguli, scabri, basi rudimentis foliorum purpureo-sanguineis tecti, 6-8 pollicares, superne nudi. Folia setacea vel lineam lata, culmo breviora vel longiora, supra papil- loso-scabra, margine apiceque triquetra, hispida, infra carinata nervoso-sulcata, vaginis sæpe in filis reticulatis Tumpentibus. Bractee foliaceæ, angustæ, superiores evaginatæ culmum superantes ; inferiores vaginatæ Carez.] CYPERACEA. 223 pedunculo suo multum breviores, Spica mascula 4 lineas longa, 6-8 flora, brevi-pedunculata, squamis ob: longis nervo viridi, plus minus ferrugineis margine membranaceis, infima seepe mucronata. Spice feminee 4, sub 5-flore, flosculis alternis laxis ; duæ superiores in apicem culmi spicze masculee approximate, evaginatee, su- prema sessilis, altera brevi-pedunculata ; due inferiores remote, una longissime exserte pedunculata (pedunculo 4 poll. longo, bractea eo multum breviori instructa) altera (infima) radicalis pedunculo pollicari bracteaque eo paululum longiori suffulta, vel spice superiores 3, approximate, suprema sessilis, altere evaginatee brevi- pedunculatz, infima remota subradicalis longissime exserte pedunculata. Sg ovato-l late, acumi- nate, perigynia subaquantes, inferiores, plus minus hispido-mucronate iis longiores, nervo viridi, margine membranacea. Perigynium 13 lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, ovale, inequaliter biconvexum, e marginibus rostri hispidi nervis duobus approximatis notatum ; basi in stipite ferruginea productum, longiuscule hispido-rostra- tum bifidum, viride, pubescens. Achenium stipitatum, $ lin. longum, (cum stipite lineam longum) $ lin. latum, glaucum, triquetro-rotundum, obtusum, basi styli terminatum. Prox. C. umbellata. Schk. Differt inflorescentia, spicis laxi-paucifloris. 120. C. Pennsylvanica, Lam. Enc. 3. 388.—C. marginata. Muhl.—Schk, f. 143. Haz. British America. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 121. C. varia. Muhl.—Schk. f. 167.—8. minor. C. Emmonsii. Dewey. Torrey.—C. Nove Anglie. Schw.—C. collecta. Dewey. Has. British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—f. British America, Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann, in Herb. Hooker. ** C. deflexa." 122. C. concinna. R. Br.—C. ornithopoda. Dewey. Torrey. Has. Cumberland House to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Scouler. 123. C. Richardsoni. R. Dr. (an. CCXXIII.) Has. Norway and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Tas. CCXXIII. Fig. 1, Perigynium and scale; f. 2, Perigynium ; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified. 124. C. filiformis. L.—Schk. f. 45.— C. striata. Mich. Haz. Norway House. Dr Richardson. Cumberland House. Drummond. 125. C. lanuginosa. Mich.—C. pellita. Muhl.—Schk. f. 149, 150. Haz. Lake Mistassins, Mich. Canada to Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Scouler. ; ^ 126. C. Houghtonii. Torrey. Has. Lake La Biche. Houghton. Torrey. Hudson's Bay and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. SS A 127. C. pubescens, Muhl.—Schk. f. 126. ` Has, Canada. Torrey. à T one 224 CYPERACEE. [Carez. Ttt Perigynia levia. Spice purpuree vel nigra. 128. C. rariflora. Smith.—Eng. Bot. t. 2516.—C. limosa, y. Wahl. Haz. Lake Mistassins, Michaux. Fort Franklin. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. _ 129. C. irrigua. Smith.— Hoppe, Car. Ger. t. 92.—C. limosa. 8. Wahl.—C. pauper- cula. Mich. Haz. Norway House. Dr Richardson. 130. C. limosa. L.—Schk, f. '18.— C. laxa. Dewey. Haz. British America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Ross. M Mountains. Drummond. Sitcha. Bon- gard. N. W. Coast. Tolmie. 131. C. livida. Willd.—Schk. f. 211.—C. lisse à. Wahl._C. Grayana. Dewey. Haz. Hudson's Bay. Carlton and Cumberland House. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Rocky Moun- tains, Drummond, ‘Sitcha. Bongard. N. W. Coast. Tolmie. e 132. C. niai. Mich. — Haz. Canada. Lake Mistissins. Michauz. —an forma C. livide? 133. C. fuliginosa: Sternb. and Hoppe, Car. Ger. t. 54,—C. misandra. R. Br, i Haz. Spitzbergen. Parry. Repulse Bay. Ross. — sea-const, Dr Richardson. 134. C. ustulata. Wahl—Schh. f. 82. Haz. Labrador. Schweinitz, Torrey. 135. C. podocarpa. R: Br. (Tax. RN Haz. Arctic America, Dr Richardson. > ; Tas. CCXXIV. Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, Pore ` Pi 3, Achenium : magnified 136. C. nigra. Allion.—Schk. f. 115. Haz. Labrador. Schweinitz. Torrey. i 137. C. Tolmiei (Boott) ; spica mascula E foemineis 4-8 Si digna ovatis. oblongo- cylindricisque approximatis, superiori sessili, reliquis pedunculatis bracteatis evaginatis inferiori remota nutante, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis triquetro-ellipticis cylindrico-rostratis ore obliquo indiviso obsolete nervosis auis. colore Fe feireg squama fusca lanceolata brevioribus et longioribus. Has. Columbia River. Tolmie. Culmus 1-14 pedalis, triqueter, glaber, firmus, strictus, basi foliatus, reliquiis laceratis pallidis rudimentisque fuscis striatis foliorum tectus, pars spicas gerens 3-4 pollicaris. Folia 1-2 lineas lata, firma, carinata, superiora longiora cülmo breviora, superne margine scabra, apice triquetra acuta. ` Bractec foliacex, fusco-auriculate, Carez.] CYPERACEA. — e 225 evaginantes : inferiores 1-13 lin. late culmum equantes, sursum decrescentes. Spica mascula 6-8 lin. longa 3 lin. lata, squamis oblongis obtusis fuscis, nervo pallido. Spice fteminec (rarius flosculis masculis paucissi- mis apice instructs) 4-8, tres ad octo lin. longze, 2 lin. late, superiores ovate sessiles et brevi-pedunculate, inferiores oblongo-cylindrieze longius pedunculate, infima subremota nutans, basi laxiflora; squamis nigro- fuscis concoloribus, vel nervo pallidiori; inferioribus lanceolatis acutis perigynio longioribus, superioribus ovatis acutiusculis eo brevioribus. Perigynium 13 lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, triquetrum, ellipticum vel ova- tum, rostro nigro cylindrico, ore oblique indiviso, nigro-fuseum colore pallido variegatum. Achenium 4 lin. longum, # lin. latum, obovato-triquetrum, castaneum, basi styli terminatum, 3 138. C. nigella (Boott) ; spicis masculis 2 inferiori bracteata squamis lanceolatis mu- cronatis ferrugineis, foemineis 2-3 spadiceis oblongis approximatis erectis pedunculatis bracteatis evaginatis, perigyniis triquetro-ellipticis cylindrico-rostratis ore obliquo biden- tato fuliginosis basi pallidis squama nigra concolori lanceolata mucronata brevioribus, stigmatibus 3. Haz. Columbia River. Tolmie. Radix repens, fibris lignosis lanatis. Culmus subpedalis, acute triqueter, superne ‘scabriusculus, basi folia- tus, foliis marcidis rudimentisque foliorum striatis fuscis tectus, pars spicas gerens bipollicaris. Folia 1-2 lin, lata, margine scabra, culmo breviora (marcida culmum subsequantia) apice triquetra acuta. Bractee foliaceze, nigro-auriculate, evaginantes, inferior culmum «equans. Spice mascule 2, 4-6 lin. longe, 2 lin. late ; squamis ferrugineis lanceolatis mucronatis. Spice feminea 2-3, spadiceo-purpurez concolores, ellip- tice vel oblong®, basi attenuate, 5-7 lin. longe, 2 lin. late, approximate, superior sessilis (uno exemplo apice parce mascula), relique pedunculate erectee, squamis lanceolatis acutis mucronatis perigynio (preecipue inferioribus) longioribus. Perigynium 13 lin, longum, 3 lin. latum, triquetro-ellipticum, cylindrico-rostratum, oblique bidentatum, enervium, impresso-asperatum, spadiceo-purpureum basi pallidum. Achenium 3 lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, oblongo-obovatum, stramineo-pallidum, basi styli zequali terminatum.—Aff. C. Tolmiei, dif. perigynio bidentato squamis omnibus lanceolatis mucronatis, spicarum numero. Tttt Spice virides. 139. C. microstachya. Ehrh,.—Schk. f. 11. Haz. Greenland. Hornemann. Sprengel. 140. C. supina. Wahl.—Schk. f. 41.—C. Schkuhrii. Dewey. Has. Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann, in Herb. Hooker. 141. C. Oederi. Ehrh.—C. viridula. Mich. (sp. ter. androgyna.) Has. Hudson's Bay. Michauz. Niagara. J. Carey. Lake Winnipeg. Drummond. 142, C. flava, L.—Schk. f. 36. 143. C. fulva. Good. in Linn. Trans. 2. p. 178. Has. Newfoundland. Goodenough.—It seems that Dr Goodenough actually constituted this species on VOL. II, .2F - 226 x CYPERACEE. [ Carez. American specimens, and was afterwards surprised to receive it as an English plant. I have detected a solitary specimen (in Herb. Hook.) from B. D. Greene, Esq., which he gathered at Tewksbury near Boston. It has never otherwise been noticed by American botanists. 144, C. aurea. Nuttall.—Schw. mon. t. 25. f. 2.—C. mutica. R. Br. Has. Canada. Todd. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Carlton House, Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richard- son. 145. C. pallescens. L.—Schk. f. 99. Haz. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. 146. C. granularis. Muhl, —Schk. f. 169. Has. Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. 147. C. laxiflora. Lam.—Schk. f. 141. Haz, Canada. Torrey. 148. C. conoidea. Schk. f. 168. . Has, Canada. Todd. Torrey. 149, C. oligocarpa. Schk. f. 110.—C. digitalis. JVilld.—C. Vleckii. Spreng. Has. Canada. Torrey. 150. C. phaostachya. Smith.—C. panicea, 8. Wahl.—C. vaginata? Tausch.—C. sub- spathacea. Wormsh. Haz, Fort Norman. Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann.— C. refracta, Schk. f. 136, forsan forma hujus speciei. 151. C. anceps. Muhl.—C. plantaginea. Muhl,—Schk. f. 195.—f. blanda. C. blanda. Dewey. Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Carlton House. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Torrey. 152. C. plantaginea. Lam. Enc. 3. 398.—C. latifolia. Schk. f. 70. Has. Norway and Carlton House. Drummond. 153. C. eburnea (Boott) ; spica mascula 1, foemineis 3-4 erectis exserte pedunculatis subquinquefloris, superioribus masculam superantibus approximatis inferiori remota, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis triquetro-obovatis fusco-olivaceis obsolete nervosis nitidis brevi crassiuscule rostratis ore hyalino oblique fisso squama latiori hyalina obtusa longioribus. (Tas. CCXXV.)—C. alba. var. setifolia, Dewey.— C. paupercula. Torrey (non Mich.). Has. Mackenzie River. Cedar Lake. Fort Norman. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Cespitosa. Radiz late repens, fibris tenuibus longis lignosis. Culmi plures ex eadem cespite, gracillimi, Carez.] y CYPERACEE. 227 setacei, obtusanguli, glabri, sulcati, 4-13 pollicares, nudi, foliis longiores. Folia $ lin. lata, ob involutionem eximiam setacea, margine apiceque triquetra scabra, basi vaginis rudimentisque foliorum pallide stramineis tecta. Spica mascula 3 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, erecta, sub 8-flora, subsessili, brevissime incluse pedunculata, ex eadem vagina cum spica foeminea superiori eáque brevior, squamis albis oblongis obtusis. Spice feminee 2-4, plerumque 3, erect®, 4-6-floræ, exserte pedunculate, superiores spicam masculam superantes approxi- mate, infima vel dus inferiores subremote, 2 lin. longz, 1 lin. late, Pedunculi glabri, 2-8 lin. longi, sursum decrescentes, striati, erecti, vaginss membranacee pallide ferrugines, apice albo-hyalina, obtuse, inferior rarius in foliolum brevissimum scabrum producta. Sguama feminee albo-hyalinz, basi nervoque pallide ferruginez, obtuse, basi amplectentes, perigynio latiores brevioresque. Perigynium 3 lin. longum, lin. latum, viride, d fusco-oliv nitidum, obsolete nervosum, triquetro-obovatum, abrupte brevi-rostratum, rostro cras- siuseulo ore albo hyalino oblique fisso. Achenium $ lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, triquetro-ellipticum, nitidum, fusco-olivaceum.— Proximam affinitatem cum C. alba, Scop. habet, sed omnibus partibus minor. C. alba, foliis latioribus, perigyniis 13 lin. longis, 4 lin. latis ellipticis (nec abrupte rostratis) striato-nervosis, squamis fcemineis acutis, spica mascula longe exserte pedunculata gaudet. C. paupercula, Mich. “ spiculis pendulis, fosmineis subglobosis, squamis acutissimis, capsulis brevioribus muticis" ad C. irriguam referenda, fide amiciss. C. Le Mann, e spec. authentic. in Herb. Paris. regali asser- vato. Ha». Mackenzie River. Cedar Lake. Fort Norman. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Tas. CCXXV. Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, Perigynium ; f. 3, Achenium :—magnified. 154. C. capillaris. L.—Schk. f. 56. Haz, Fort Norman. Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 155. C. flexilis. Rudge, in Lin. Trans. 7. t. 10. f. 1.—C. blepharophora. Gray. Torrey. Haz. Newfoundland. Rudge. 156. C. arctata (Boott) ; spica mascula 1 cylindrica, fcemineis 3-4 gracilibus laxifloris basi attenuatis longe exserte pedunculatis nutantibus remotis, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis ellipticis triquetris nervosis brevi-rostratis ore bidentato squama ovata acuminata mucro- nata longioribus.—C. sylvatica. Dewey. Torrey. Haz. Canada. Goldie. Todd. Torrey. Culmus sub 14 pedalis, gracilis, superne setaceus scaber, basi vaginis nigro-purpureis tectus, inferne foliatus. Folia 1-23 lin. lata, superius sub 7-pollicare culmo brevius, deorsum breviora, supra margineque scabra. Bractea foliacea, vaginans, culmo brevior, sursum angustior demum setacea spica brevior. Spica mascula 6-13 lin. longa, 4 lin. lata, pedunculata, basi laxiflora, squamis lanceolatis, medio viridibus subtrinerviis mar- gine albo-membranaceo, inferioribus laxis apice attenuatis vel mucronatis ciliatis. Spice feminee 3-4 remote, 1-2 poll. long, 14 lin. late, graciles, set pedunculatz, nutantes, laxiflorz, basi flosculis remotiuscule alternis attenuate, squamis ovatis acuminatis mucronatis, medio viridibus nervosis margine albo-membranaceis. Pedunculi setacei, scabri, vaginas longe superantes. Perigynium 13 lin. longum, $ lin. latum, ellipticum, triquetrum, distincte nervosum, glabrum, viride demum olivaceum, brevi-stipitatum, ore bidentato vel bifido. Achenium 1 lin. longum, } lin. latum, oblongo-triquetrum, olivaceo-stramineum, basi styli apiculatum. Differt C. sylvaticá, Huds. habitu tenuiori, spicis foemineis laxifloris basi attenuatis'gracilioribus, perigyniis nervosis rostro multum breviori, squamis foemineis ovatis. : 157. C. lacustris. Willd. Schk. f. Ha». Lake Winnipeg. Cumberland House. Dr Richardson, 228 CYPERACEE, P [Eleocharis. 158. C. amplifolia (Boott); spica mascula 1 longissima pedunculata foemineis 4-5 cylindricis longissimis remotis foliaceo-bracteatis evaginatis, stigmatibus 3, perigyniis (immaturis) ovato-lanceolatis rostratis oblique bidentatis squama lanceolata aristata mul- tum brevioribus. (Tas. CCXXVI.) Haz. Marshy places. Columbia River. Douglas. Radix lignosus, crassus. Culmus bipedalis, acute triqueter scaber, basi reliquiis setiformibus vaginis rudimentisque foliorum vaginantibus gladiatis rubro-purpureis striatis tectus, pars spicas gerens pedalis. Folia 5-7 lin, lata, culmum superantia: inferiora breviora, superne margine scabra, apice triquetra acuminata, striato-nervosa. Bractea superior setacea, nigro-auriculata, brevissima; reliquee foliacee pedunculos cir- cumvolventes ; inferiores 5-7 lin. late, culmum superantes, ligula ferruginea obtusa, Spica mascula 3-31 poll. longa, 13 lin. lata, ebracteata, e spica foeminea superiori intervallo sesquipollicari remota: squamis lan- ceolatis, ferrugineis, nervo viridi infra apicem obtusam membranaceo-albam evanescente. Spice feminez 4-5 erect, inter se intervallis pollicaribus et 3-6-pollicaribus remote: superior sessilis, 13 poll. longa: re- lique pedunculatze ; duer inferiores 3-4 poll. longe, basi laxiflore, longius pedunculate : omnes 12 lin. late, ferrug cum là concolores, squamis angustis, nervo viridi, inferioribus longe hispido-aristatis, mar- ginibus incurvis. Pedunculi triquetri, scabri ; inferior 3-pollicaris. Perigynium (floriferum) 1 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, squamá terties brevius. Stig. 3, longissima. Achenium immaturum. Tas. CCXXVI. Fig. 1, Female Flower; f. 2, Young Perigynium :—magnified. 2. ELYNA. Schrad. l. E. spicata, Schrad.— Torr. Cyp. p. 385.— Kobresia scirpina. Willd.—Schkuhr, Car. 2, 1. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 34.—Scirpus Bellardi. Wahl.—Carez. All. Haz. Barren grounds, between lat. 64° and the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson. Shady plages on the Rocky, Mountains. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann. 2. E. caricina. Mert. et Koch.—Kobresia caricina. Willd.—Carex hybrid. Schk. Car. Rrr. f. 161.—Schoenus monoicus. Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1410.—8.spica bracteis squamisque latioribus, stylo magis exserto, foliis angustioribus. Has. Dry banks of the Rocky Mountains, «. 8. Rocky Mountains; with Carex Backü. Drummond. 3. ELEOCHARIS. Br. 1. E. palustris. Br.— Rich. App. p. 2. Torrey, Cyp. p. 299.—Scirpus. L.— E. Bot. t. 131.—8. minor ; spica ovata.—y. degenerata ; bi-triuncialis, spica minima 3-5-flora. Has. Throughout Canada to Bear Lake, and from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific Ocean ; varying much in size from 4 or 6 inches to more than two feet.—g. and y. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. 2. E. multicaulis. Sm.—Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 21. Scirpus multicaul. E. Bot. t. 1187. —S. ‘palustris Bob. Haz, Saskatchawan and Red Rivers. Douglas. Columbia River. N. W. Coast. Tolmie.—I can see no difference between this and the European plant of the same name. Scirpus.] * CYPERACEZ. 229 3. E. pauciflora. Link.— Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 28—Scirpus. E. Bot. t. 1122.—Scirpus Beothryon. Ehrh. Has. Muddy swamps and salt marshes in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— Very few specimens of this are in the Herbarium; yet Mr Drummond remarks in his notes, * horses are extremely fond of this plant,” which would imply that it was very frequent in that country. It precisely accords with European specimens, 4. E. cespitosa. Link.— Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 28.—Scirpus. E. Bot. t. 1029. Torr. Cyp. p. 319. Rich. App. p. 2. Haz. Newfoundland. Cormack. Labrador. Miss Brenton. "Throughout Canada, to near the shores of the Arctie sea, and in swamps of the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 5. E. obtusa. Schultes.— Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 28. Torr. Cyp. p. 305. —Scirpus. Willd.—S. capitatus. Walt. (not L.).—S. ovatus. Ph. Has. Etchemia, Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson. Drummond. 6. E. acicularis. Br.— Torr. Cyp. p. 308.—Scirpus. L.—E. Bot. t. 149. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part. II. n, 133.— S. trichodes et S. capillaceus. Muht. Haz. Hudson's Bay and Red River. Douglas. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Fort Vancouver. Z'obmie.— The culms are generally longer and more slender, and the scales of the flowers whiter than in the European specimens. s 4. SCIRPUS. Z. Br. 1. S. subterminalis (Torr.); culmo (immerso) filiformi tereti basi foliato, spica oblongo- lanceolata (emersa) bractea basilari breviore, squamis ovato-lanceolatis, nuce triangulari abrupte acuminata, stylo 3-fido. Torr. Cyp. p. 311. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part II. n. 81. Haz. Deep standing pools of the Rocky Mountains, near the head-waters of the Columbia. Drummond. — Culms 2-3 feet long, flaccid, semipellucid. 2. S. lacustris. E. Bot. t. 686. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 136. Rich. App. ed. 2.p.9. Torr. Cyp. p. 321.—S. acutus. Muhl.—S. validus. Vahl, et Ph. Haz. British America, as far north as lat. 579. Dr Richardson. Marshes of the Rocky - Mountains ; the food of the Musk-rat during winter. Drummond. Mouth of the Columbia, N. W. America, where the Indian tribes near the sea weave it into mats. Douglas. De Fuca. Dr Scouler. 3. S. triqueter. L.—E. Bot. t. 1694. Torr. Cyp. p. 322.—8. Americanus. Pers.— Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part 11. n. 135.—S. pungens. Vahl.—S, tenuifolius. De Cand. (se- cund. spec. ex Un. Itin.)—S. mucronatus. Ph. Has. Marshes of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Missinabie River. Canada. Bolton. Throughout North America to the Arctic regions. Dr orrey.— The specimens in my possession are not numerous, and they are invariably smaller, more leafy, and have longer leaves than our British plant of the same 230 CYPERACEE. . . UEriopherum. name ; while they precisely correspond with the Unio Itineraria specimens of S. tenuifolius, from the Téte de Bouc near Bordeaux. 4. S. maritimus. L.—E. Bot. t. 542. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 82 (in part).—S. maritimus, 8. macrostachyos. Mich, Muhl. —S. robustus. Ph. Has. Marshes (salt?) of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. New Brunswick. Mr Ken- dall. De Fuca, and the N. W. Coast. Douglas. Dr Scouler.— Varying much in the breadth of the foliage, and size of the spikes; the variety, with the larger spikes, seems to constitute the S. macrostachyos of authors. 5. S. atro-virens. Muhl.—Gray, Gram. et Cup, Part II. n. 131. Torr. Cyp. p.326.— S. polyphyllus. PA. Haz. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—1 find only one specimen, which, in the densely glomerated spikelets, satisfactorily agrees with the S. atro-virens of American authors. But even this appears to me to be scarcely distinet from our European S. sylvati 6. S. lenticularis (Torr.); culmo obscure triangulari folioso, umbella decomposita, in- _ volucro 3-phyllo, spiculis oblongo-ovatis in capitulos (5-8 in capitulo) glomeratis, squamis ovatis vix mucronatis glabris, stylo bifido, nuce orbiculari lenticulari angulis acutis setis 4 rectis breviore. Torr. Cyp. p. 328. Has. Observatory Inlet, N. W. America. Dr Scouler.—Nearly allied, as Dr Torrey well observes, to S. sylvaticus, (indeed I think it can hardly be specifically distinct from that species, or atro-virens), “ but differs in its larger spike, lenticular nuts, diandrous flowers, and bifid style."— The true S. sylvaticus has a lentieular seed, and the other characters are perhaps variable. 7. S. sylvaticus. L.—E. Bot. t. 919. Max. Ph.— Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2. Has. Canada and Hudson's Bay (Mz.), to lat. 579, and to the head-waters of the Columbia in the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sitcha. Mertens. 8. S. (Trichophorum) Eriophorum. Mx.—Torr. Cyp. p. 830.—S. thyrsiflorus. Wilid.— Trichophorum cyperinum. Pers. Ph. —Eriophorum cyperinum. Willd. Has. Hudson's Bay. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 5. ERIOPHORUM. Z. * Spike solitary. j 1. E. alpinum. L.—E. Bot. t. 311. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 81. Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 23.—E. Hudsonianum. Eae alpinum. Ph.—T. Hud- sonianum. Nutt. Hai. From Hudson's Bay to Lake Mistassins. Mz.—I possess mountain-specimens of this plant, from thé United States; but I have never had the good fortune to see any from British North America, nor do I know the authority for it, save that of Michaux above quoted, Eriophorum.) D CYPERACEZ. 231 2. E. vaginatum. L.—E. Bot. t. 813. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 88.—E. cespitosum. Host, Gram. t. 38. Ph.—£. foliis culmo duplo breviori- bus.—y. perigynii pilis fulvis. Has. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Canada (Mrs Perceval) to Fort Enterprise. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—f. Saskatchawan.—y. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Lake Huron. Dr Todd.—This is cer- tainly a highly variable species, not only in the length of the leaves, which are generally shorter, though sometimes twice as long as the culms, but also in the spikes, which, according to some of Mr Drummond’s specimens, do vary not only in the length of the hairs, but also in the form of the spike, being sometimes oblongo-ovate, and sometimes spherical. Thus I am not surprised at Dr Torrey, who remarks in his valu- able account of North American Cyperacee, that E. capitatum is very difficult to be distinguished from E. vaginatum. 3. E. capitatum. Host,—Engl. Bot. t. 9381. Br. App. to Parrys lst Voy. p. 284. Hook. in Parrys 2d Voy. p. 407.—E. Scheuchzeri. Roth.—E. Chamissoi. Mert. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6th Ser. 1. p. 203. f.3. Torr. Cyp. p. 231.—8. foliis scabris.— E. callithrix. Cham. et Mey. Cyp. Nov. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6th Ser. 1. p. 203. t. 23. Has. Labrador. Miss Brenton. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. From Quebec (Mrs Sheppard) to the swamps on the summits of the Rocky Mountains (Drummond), and to the Arctic coasts and islands, Dr Richardson. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—f. St Lawrence, Behring's Straits.—See the remarks on the pre- ceding species. My authentic specimen of E. Chamissoi precisely accords with E, capitatum. ** Spikes several. 4. E. Virginicum. L.—Mzx.—Ph.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 89. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Mrs Sheppard. Dr Richardson.—Readily distinguished by its nearly sessile spikes, and constantly tawny hairs. 5. E. polystachyon. L.—E. Bot. t. 563. Ph.—Hook. in Parry's 2d Voy. p. 407. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 90. Torrey, Cyp. 339.—E. polyst. 8. Rich. Haz. Canada to the Rocky Mountains, and to the Arctic sea-shore and islands. 6. E. angustifolium. Roth.—E. Bot. t. 564. Ph.—Br. in Parry's Let Voy. App. p. 214. Hook. in Parry's 2d Voy. p. 407. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 2.—E. tenellum. Nutt.—E. poly- stachyon var. tenellum. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 91. Haz. Canada to Arctic America.—I have the same difficulty in determining the limits of the many-spiked Eriophora of North America, as regards those of Britain (as expressed in Brit. Flora, ed. 4. p. 30), E. Virginicum alone excepted. Dr Torrey indeed observes, that the present species is easily distinguished from E. polystachyon by its narrow triangular leaves, one-leaved involucre, and narrow nut. This is the case with the extreme states of the plant; but Dr Torrey proceeds, “Mr Brown thinks that the Arctic plant, collected in Parry's 1st voyage, may prove a distinct species, between E. angustifolium and E. polystachyon ;" and further, “ he notices two varieties of it, one with smooth, the other with scabrous peduncles,"—thus ap- pearing to include the E. pubescens of Smith. r 232 CYPERACEZ. [Oyperus. 1. E. gracile. Roth.—E. Bot. t. 2402, Hook. in Parrys 2d Voy. p. 40%. Torrey, Cyp. p. 241.-—E, triquetrum. Hoppe. Haz. Saskatchawan to Arctic America. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Capt. Parry.—Specimens of this entirely accord with the E. gracile of Europe, and yet scarcely differ, except in being more slender in evéry part, from the preceding. 8. E. strictum (Br.); spicis pedunculatis involucro brevioribus, squamis acutiusculis tenuissime ciliatis, foliis strictis planis apice triquetro, culmo teretiusculo. Br. in Rich, App. ed. 2. p. 8. Torrey, Cyp. p. 342. Haz. Subarctic America. Dr Richardson.—‘‘ Dubia species, E. tenello (Nutt.) proxima.” Br.—I am unacquainted with this plant. - 6. DULICHIUM. Richard. 1. D. spathaceum. Pers.—Ph.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 131. Torr. Cyp. p. 247.—Schoenus. L.—Scirpus. Ma.—Cyperus. L.—f8. humilius ; foliis brevioribus, spiculis subdecemfloris. D. Canadense. Ph. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 7. CYPERUS. ZL. 1, C. diandrus. Torr. Cyp. p. 251. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 70. Haz. Canada. Goldie. 2. C. occidentalis (Torr.); culmis dense csespitosis brevibus, foliis planis, umbellae radiis brevibus compactis, spiculis arcte aggregatis in capitulos ovatos inferioribus com- positis, squamis ovatis acutiusculis membranaceis, stylo ad apicem 3-fido, nuce ovata compresso-triangulari. Torr. Cyp. p. 259. Has. N. W. Coast of America. Douglas,—A dwarf tufted species, the culms scarcely 2 inches long. 3. C. strigosus, IL. —Ph.— Torr. Cyp. p. 261. Has. Upper Canada. Goldie. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 4, C. repens. Ell.—Torr. Cyp. p. 264.—C. pliymatoden. Muhl. an Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 13.—C. tuberosus. Ph. Has. Upper Canada. Goldie. 5. C. inflexus. Muhl.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 68. Torr, Cyp. p. 214.—C. uncinatus. Ph.—C. pygmeeus. Nutt. Has. Saskatchawan and Lake Winnipeg. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Alopecurus.] TS GRAMINEZ. 233 6. RHYNCHOSPORA. Vahl. 1. R. alba. Vahl. —Ph.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. n. 92. Torr. Cyp. p. 213. Schoenus albus. L.—Mz.— E. Bot. t. 985. Haz. Canada, (Torrey). Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. 2. R. glomerata. Vahl.—Ph.—R. capitellata. Vahl.—Ell.—Scheenus glomeratus. L. Has. Canada, (Torrey). Orv, XX. GRAMINEA. Juss. I. Oryzex. Kth. 1. LEERSIA. Z. 1. L. Virginica. Willd.—Torr. Fl. p. 14. Has. Canada. Beck. Goldie. 2. L. oryzoides. Sw.—Host, Gram. 1. p. 35. Ph.—Torr. Fl. p. 15.—Asprella. Lam. Has. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond, 2. HYDROPYRUM. Link. 1. H. esculentum. Link.—Kth. —Zizania aquatica. L.—Lamb. in Linn, Tr. 1. p. 264. t. 13.—Z. palustris. L. Mant.—Z. clavulosa. Mz. Has. Canada. PA. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. 9. H.? fluitans. Kth. Gram. 1. 1.—Zizania. Mz.—Hydrochloa Carolinensis. Beauv. Haz. Lakes Champlain and the St Lawrence. Mz.—I have never seen this species. IL PHALARIDES. Kth. 3. ALOPECURUS. Z. 1. A. geniculatus. L.—E. Bot. t. 1250. Torr. Fl. p. 97. (excl. var. 8.) Haz. Canada. Mz. Columbia. N. W. America, Douglas. 2. A. aristulatus. Mx,—A. subaristatus. Ph.—A. geniculatus 8. Torr. Fl. p. 31.—A. fulvus. Sm.—Kth. Has. Canada to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. braia - Abundant on the N. W. coast, in swampy grounds. Douglas. VOL, II. 26 234 GRAMINEZ. Hierochloe. 3. A. pratensis. L.—E. Bot. t.'159. Ph—Torr. Fl. p. 37. Haz. Newfoundland. Dr JMorrison.—In all probability introduced. 4. A. alpinus. Sm.—E. Bot. t. 1126. Br. in. Parry's Ist Voy. p. 184. Rich. App. ed. 2. p.3. Hook. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 184. Has, Rocky Mountains, and upon the Arctic sea-shores and islands. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Parry. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. 4. PHLEUM. E. 1. P. pratense. L.—E. Bot, t. 1016. Ph.—Torr. Fl. p. 38. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Corn-fields at Fort Vancouver. Dr Gairdner. 2. P. alpinum. L.—E. Bot. t. 519.—P. commutatum. Gaud.—8. viridius. Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond. Sitcha. Bongard.—é. Branches of the Columbia in the Rocky Mountains. Dougl Greenland, Hornemann. 5. PHALARIS. £. 1. P. arundinacea. L.—E. Bot. t. 402. Mz.—Ph.—P. Caroliniana. Walt.—Calama- grostis colorata. Sibth.—Nutt.—Phalaris Americana. Ell— Torr. Fl. p. 100. Haz. From Canada ( Goldie) to the Bear Lake ; Dr Richardson, Drummond ; and from Hudson's Bay to the Western Ocean; frequent on the sandy banks of streams. Douglas.—This does not seem to differ in any respect from the European plant. o 6. HIEROCHLOE. Gmel. 1. H. borealis. R. and S.—E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2641. Torr. Fl. p. 150.— Holeus. Schrad.— Hierochloe fragrans. R. et S.— Richard. App. ed. 2. p. 3.—H. arctica. Presl, Relig. Henck. 1. p. 252.—Holcus. JVilld.—PA.—H. odoratus. L.—Mz. Has. Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Dry grounds near the source of the Columbia. Douglas. Nutka Sound. ( Presi.) 2. H. alpina. R. et S.—Br. in Parrys lst Voy. n. 66. Richard. App. ed. 2. p. 8. Torr. Fl. p. 150.—Holcus. Sw.—Wahl. Lapp. t. 2. Fl. Dan. t. 1508. H. monticola. Bigel, Has. Labrador. Miss Brenton. Arctic sea-shores and islands. Dr Richardson. Parry. Greenland. Hornemann. 3. H. pauciflora (Br.) ; racemo simplici flosculo masculo superiore brevissime setigero, foliis eulmi brevissimis, radicalibus involutis. Br. in Ross’ Voy. App. p. 35. Haz. Arctic islands, Parry. Panicum. | GRAMINE. 285 7. ANTHOXANTHUM. Z. 1. 4. odoratum. L.—E. Bot. t. 64/1.—64'1. — Mz.—Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 101. Haz. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. III. Panicex. Kth. 8. MILIUM. Z. . 1. M. effusum. L.—E. Bot. t. 1106. Torr. Fl. p. gg, Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 118. Haz. Canada (near Montreal) Dr Paine. Quebec. Mrs Sheppard. 9. PANICUM. Z. 1. P. clandestinum. L.—Torr. Fl. p. 141. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 27.—P. latifolium 8. clandestinum. Ph. Has. Quebec. Mrs Perceval. 2. P. latifolium. L.—Ma.—JPh.— Torr. Fl. p. 142. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 11. n. 100. S - Haz. Canada. Goldie. 3. P. xanthophysum (Gray); culmo (simplici aut basi ramoso) panicula foliisque gla- bris, vaginis villosis, foliis lato-lanceolatis valde nervosis acutissimis basi ciliatis, panicula simpliciuscula pauciflora ramis erectis vel adpressis, spiculis globoso-obovatis pubescenti- bus, gluma inferiore flosculis subduplo breviore, superiore eosdem eequante 9-nervi, flore masculo bivalvi hermaphroditum glabrum obovatum subaequante. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 28. Has. Plains of the Saskatchawan.— This handsome species was first discovered in Pine plains, near Oneida Lake, New York, by Dr Asa Gray, and published in his beautiful Graminee and Cyperacez of the United States, above quoted. : 4. P. nitidum. Lam.—Mz.—Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 145. Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part I. n. 30. and Part II. n. 110, 111, 112. Haz. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Goldie. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 5. P. virgatum. L.—Mz.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. p. 147. Gray, Gram. et Cup, Part I. n. 31.—P. pruinosum. Bernh. ( fide Nees.) Haz. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Saskatchawan. Drummond. Columbia. Douglas. 6. P. rectum. R. et S.—Torr. Fl. p. 148. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 29.—P. strictum. Ph.—P. depauperatum. MuAl.—P. involutum. Torr. Fl. p. 144.—P. junceum. Trin. (fide Nees.) 236 GRAMINEE. [Oryzopsis- Haz. Plains of the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—Dr Asa Gray has given the following amended character of this species :—* P. culmo cespitoso simplici (spitham. et ultr.), foliis linearibus rigido-erectis pungentibus, panicula simpliciuscula pauciflora, ramis erectis subpatulisve, spieulis (magnis) acuminatis glabris, gluma in- feriore flosculis quadruplo breviore 1 superiore eosdem subexcedente 7-nervi, hermaphrodito obtuso glabro neutro bivalvi paulo minore." ' 7. P. viscidum. Ell. Fl. t. 123. Kth. Agr. Syn. p. 107. Haz. Dry grounds of the Columbia, about Fort Vancouver. Douglas.—The specimens entirely accord with those in my Herbarium, from Mr Nuttall and Dr Torrey, gathered in New Jersey. 8. P. capillare. L.—Ma.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. p. 149. Haz. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia. Douglas. : 10. OPLISMENUS. Kth. 1. O. Crus-Galli, Kth.—Panicum, L.—E. Bot. p. 816. Torr. Fl. p. 140. Mx.— Ph. Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Marshy ground along the sea-shore, from “ Cape Disappointment,” to the Straits of De Fuca, N. W. America. Douglas. : 9. O. muricatus. Kth. Gram. 1. t. 44. —Panicum. Mz.— P. hispidum. Muhl.— Torr. Fl. p. 141. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 26.—P. Crus-Galli, 8. hispidum. Ell.—P. Walteri. Ph. Has. Canada. Pursh. 11. SETARIA. Beauv. 1. S. glauca. Beauv.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 152,—Panicum, L.—Mz. Ph.—Host, Gram. Austr. 2. p. 16. z Haz. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. ` IV. Sripacex. Kth. 12. ORYZOPSIS. Richard. 1. O. asperifolia. Rich. in Mz. Fl. 1. p. 51. t. 9. Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 11. Has. Canada, to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— The O. melanocarpa, Muhl. referred here by Kunth, is a very different plant from the Piptatherum nigrum of Torr. Fl. 2. O. parviflora. Nutt. Journ. Ac. Phil. p. 19.—Stipa juncea. Mz.—S. Canadensis. Poir.—Ph.—Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 3.—Milium pungens. Torr. Fl. p. 18. —Urachne Cana- densis. Torr. in Synop. Fl. ined. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 114.—Urachne bre- vicandata. Trin. Muhlenbergia.] GRAMINEZ. 237 Has. Canada, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—Dr. Gray is of opinion that this is correctly referred by Nuttall to Oryzopsis. 13. STIPA. Z. 1. S. Sparta. Trin. in Act. Petr. 1830. 1, 82. (teste ipsiss. Trin.) —S. parviflora. Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 50. (fide Torrey.) (non Desf.) Haz. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson.—Closely allied, as Trinius observes, to S. juncea. Nuttall's S. parviflora is from the Missouri. 2. S. capillata. L.— Host, Gram. 3. t. 5.—S. juncea. Ph. ? Haz. Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—On the banks and plains of the Columbia, near the Missouri Portage. Douglas. 3. S. membranacea. Ph. 2, 128. (non L.)—S. hymenoides. R. and S.—Eriocoma cuspi- datum. Nutt. Gen. 1, 40.—Milium. Spr. Has. Carlton House Fort. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Barren plains of the Columbia, from the Great Falls to the source of the Missouri. Douglas.—1 possess some of Mr Bradbury's original specimens from the Missouri of this exceedingly beautiful grass, given me by Dr Taylor. V. AGROSTIDEX. Kth. 14. MUHLENBERGIA. Schreb. 3. M. glomerata. Trin. Gr. Unifl. 191. t. 5. f. 10. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. p. 15. — Polypogon. Willd.—P. racemosus. Nutt. — Torr. Fl. p. 99.—P. setosus. Spr.— Agrostis racemosa. Mz.—Ph.—A. setosa. Muhl.—Trichochloa glomerata et calycina. Trin. Has. Plains of Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Dry plains of the Columbia, and valleys of the Blue Mountains. Douglas. 2. M. aristata. Pers.—Kth.—M. erecta. Schreb—Ph.—M. Brachyclytrum, Trin.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 11.—Brachyclytrum erectum. Beauv.— B. aristatum, R. and S.—Torr. Fl. p. 102. Haz. Canada. Goldie. 3. M. Cinna. Trin.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 16.—Agrostis. Lam.—Ph.— Cinna arundinacea. JVilld.— Mz.— Torr. Fl. p. 94.—Kth. Has. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. \ 4. M. pendula (Bong.) ; panicula laxa pendula, glumis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis subaequalibus perianthium obtusiusculum subsequantibus. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 54. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard. 238 . > GRAMINEZ. C Vilfa, a 15. PHIPPSIA, Br. 1. P. algida. Br. in Ross’ Voy. ed. 2. v. p. 191. Br. in Parry's lst. Voy. App. p. 185. Hook. in Parry s 2d Voy.— Agrostis. Soland. in Phipps’ 2 — Wahl. Lapp. p. 25. t. 1.— Vilfa algida. Trin. Ic. t. 83. Haz. Melville and other arctic islands. Parry. Greenland. Phipps. Hornemann. 2. P. monandra. Trin. in N. Entdek. 2. p. 37.—Vilfa. Trin. Tc. t. 84. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132.—Phippsia algida. 8. monandra. Kth. Haz. Tschutki. Nelson. Kotzebue's Sound and Bay of St Lawrence. Chamisso. Beechey. 16. COLPODIUM. Trin. 1. C. latifolium. Br. in Ross Voy. Br. in Parrys Let Voy. App. p. 186. Hook. in Parrys 2d Voy. App. p. 28. cum Ic. Haz. Arctic sea-coast and islands. Dr Richardson. Parry. 2. C. arundinaceum.—Vilfa, Trin. Diss.— Gram. Ic. t. 55. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 131.—Colpodium latifolium 8. Kth. Has. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Cumberland House Fort, and Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Bear Lake to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson.— Of this little known grass, Dr Richardson has the following description in his notes made on the recent plant—* Calyx of 2 unequal valves, which are ovato- lanceolate, boat-shaped, concave, scarcely acuminate, compressed, quite smooth and entire, reddish-brown and shining ; smaller valve half the size of the other. Corolla of 2 nearly equal valves, of similar colour and consistence with the calyx, equal to, or rather longer than the larger valve of the calyx ; its outer valve em- bracing the inner, and a little longer: both obtuse, compressed, serrulated at the keel, otherwise smooth, somewhat membranaceous at the margin and edges, and there entire. Stamens 3. Styles 2? perhaps united. Stigmas plumose, branching ? Seed loose. This seed appears to be oblong, and there are 2 or 3 lanceo- late, pointed membranaceous scales.—1 should be disposed to refer it to Cinna, if it had only one stamen and one style ; as it is, it possesses all the characters of Vilfa or Colpodium.” 3. C. pauciflorum ; panicula erecta spiceeformi angusta pauciflora, gluma perianthium superante uniflora cum rudimento pedicellato, valvis subeequantibus acutissimis carina superne preecipue aspera unifloris, perianthio obtuso valvis apice dorso marginibusque as- perulis, foliis lineari-acuminatis subrigidis siccitate complicatis vel marginibus involutis. Has. Between Fort William and Cumberland House Fort. Dr Richardson.—Smaller and much slenderer than C. /atifolium, with a very narrow few-flowered panicle, the floret of a much paler and greener hue, the ` glumes sharper and constantly longer than the perianth ; and there is always a distinct but abortive pedicel- late floret present, arising from the base of the inner valve of the perfect one. M. VILFA. Beauv. 1, V. cuspidata (Torr. mst.); culmis numerosis gracilibus vaginisque glabris, foliis - Agrostis.] GRAMINEE. 239 subdistichis angustis involutis tenuissime elongatis, paniculis elongatis angustissimis ex- sertis, glumis subaequalibus acutissimis carina scabris unifloris absque rudimento, pe- rianthii exserti valvula exteriori paululum longiore trinervi cuspidata. Haz. Banks of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Plains of the Red River. Douglas.—Mr Drummond's specimens are named V. cuspidata by Dr Torrey, and considered by him a new species. Its nearest affinity is with V. vaginiflora, Torr. (in Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 3.) and P. involuta, Torr. (+ Gray, Gram. et Cyp. l.c. n.4.) ; the foliage and habit bearing a considerable resemblance, but the panicle is much elongated, the flowers smaller, more rigid, and considerably different in structure.— V. clandestina (Spr., and Torr. Fl. p. 90), agrees with this in so many respects, that I am not sure that they are really distinct ; but my authentic speci of T. clandestina are in a very imperfect state. 2. Y. tenacissima. H. B. K.— Trin. Gram. Ic. t. 60. Sporobolus. Beauv.— Agrostis. Jacq. 8. fuscicolor ; panicula ramis longioribus glumis valde inzequalibus. Has, 8 Common on Menzies’ Island, N. W. America, and on the higher parts of the Columbia River. — There is only one specimen of this plant, which may probably prove distinct from that to which I have referred it. The culms and foliage sufficiently accord, however, and the panicle is very similar ; but the branches are longer, the flowers rather larger, more deeply coloured and brown, and the valves of the calyx (or glume) very unequal. Indeed in the United States specimens of the true V. tenacissima, I find the calyx -valves much more unequal than is represented in the figure of Trinius, or described in Dr Torrey's Flora. 18. AGROSTIS. Z. 1. A.alba. L. E. Bot. t. 1189.—Ph.— Torr. Fl. p.85.—var? valvula flosculi e medio dorso setigera. Nees. in Herb. nostr. Haz. var. Moist ground and banks of streams near the confluence of the Columbia River. Douglas.— Certainly this plant has so exactly the appearance of our well-known Agrostis alba, that we hardly dare venture to consider it distinct, although the back of the valve of the corolla constantly bears a slender awn rather longer than the flower, and very conspicuous. The valves of the glumes too are very rough on the keel.— The European 4. alba has sometimes a short awn from the corolla. 2. A. vulgaris. Sm. E. Bot. t, 1611. —Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 85.—A. polymorpha. Huds.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 108. Ha». Common on banks of streams, N. W. Coast. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. 3. A. exarata (Trin.); radice fibrosa, culmis erectis simplicibus vaginisque sulcato- striatis et glabris, foliis linearibus acuminatis planis retrorsum scabris, panicula ramosa erecta contracta, ramis semiverticillatis adpresso-erectis hispidis, glumis acuminatis carina denticulatis florem muticum duplo superantibus, superiore paulo breviore. Trin. Gram. Unifl. 205. Ejusd. Ic. t.2%. Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 52.—8. minor ; perianthio univalvi. A. Drummondi. Torrey, mst. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard.—f. Valleys of the Rocky Mountains, on the east and on the west side of the dividing ridge. Drummond. Douglas.—The var. È. is probably a distinct species; but knowing how sportive are the flowers of several species of Agrostis, 1 prefer considering it a var. of A. 240 - GRAMINE. [ Calamagrostis. exarata, The plant is smaller, and the leaves shorter; yet the flowers seem entirely to correspond, except in the absence of one of the valves of the corolla. Dr Torrey calls it 4. Drummondi, mst., but remarks its close affinity with A. exarata, Trin. and the one-valved eorola. According to Bongard, the 4. ezarata is sometimes furnished with an awn arising from above the middle of the inner valve of the corolla. 4. A. rubra. L.—Wahl. Lapp.—Trin. Gram. Ic. t. 33. Has. Millbank Sound. N. W. Coast America. Mr Tolmie. 5. A. canina. L.—f. melaleuca. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 52.—8 Sitcha Bongard. Has. Summits of the Rocky Mountains.— These specimens are scarcely a span high, the glumes purple black, the corolla almost white, Our specimens exhibit no awns from the corolla, a state in which Bongard also found the plant in Sitcha. 6. A. laxiflora. Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 3.—Kth.—Trichodine. Mz.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. p. 83. —Agrostis Michauxii. Trin.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 17.—Trichodiam decum- bus. Mz.—T. scabrum. Muhl. Han, Burnt woods and dry Prairies, from Canada ( Goldie), to the Saskatchawen, and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Common in dry open grounds, near the Pacific Ocean. Douglas. VI. AnuNDINACEX. Kth. 19. CALAMAGROSTIS. Adans. a 1. C. Canadensis. Beauv.—Torr. Syn. Fl. ined. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 18. (not Nutt. and Trin.) —Arundo Canadensis. Mz.— Calamagrostis Mexicana. Nutt. Has. Marshes and shady woods of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond; and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Kotzebue’s Sound. Beechey. 2. C. coacrtata. Torr. Syn. Fl. ined. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 19.—C. Cana- densis. Nutt. Richard. App. ed. 2. p. 3. Trin. Gram. Unifl. p. 227. t. A. f. 14. Haz. Woody Country. Dr Richardson. Quebec. Mrs Perceval, Nutka and Fort Vancouver, N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. 2 3 3. C. stricta, Nutt.— Rich. App. ed. 2. p. 3.—Arundo. Sm. E. Bot. t. 2164.— A. ne- glecta. Ehrh. ; Ha». Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, and to English River. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Ob- servatory Inlet, N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. : 4. C. purpurascens (Br. in Richard. App. ed. 2. p. 3.) ; panicula spicata, glumis scabris, perianthii valvula inferiore scabra apice 4-dentata dorso aristata, rudimento plumoso villis baseos duplo longiore. Br.—Desvauxia. Kth. Gram. t. 17.— C. sylvatica. Trin. (Jide Torr.) Ha», Rocky Mountains and Arctic sea-shore. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Phragmites.] GRAMINEZ. 241 5. C. longifolia; leevissima, foliis anguste linearibus longissime acuminatissimis, panicula erecta stricta subspicata, glume valvis inzequalibus perianthium acutum. muticum super- antibus, villis perianthio brevioribus. ' Ha». Saskatchawan. Drummond.—A species remarkable for the great length of its leaves, exceeding the culm, tapering into a long, slender apex, and for the pale, very smooth, glossy flowers. The base of the culm. sends out creeping shoots. 6. C. strigosa (Bong.); glumis sequalibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis perianthio longioribus, valvula superiori inferiore 4 breviori, pilis perianthio paulo minoribus (inter- dum longitudine valvule superioris), seta infra medium (aut medio) exserta valvulam inferiorem sequante, processu barbato. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 53.— Arundo strigosa ? Wahl.—R. et S. Haz. Sitcha. Bongard. 7. C. Aleutica (Trin.); glumis subeequalibus lanceolatis acutis perianthium zquantibus valvulis «equalibus, pilis perianthio 3 et ultra brevioribus, seta pl. min. medio exserta valvula breviori, processu barbato, pilis perianthio 2-3-4-plo brevioribus. Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 53. Haz. Unalaschka. Chamisso. Sitcha. Bongard.— Very near C. coarctata. Torr. 20. AMMOPHILA. Host. 1. A. arundinacea, Host, Gram. 4. p. 24, t. 41.— Arundo arenaria, L.—E. Bot, t. 520. Mz.—Psamma, Beauv.— Torr. Fl. p. 95.— Calamagrostis, Roth.—Gray, Gram. et Can, Part Y. n. 21. Haz. Canada. Ph. 21. GRAPHEPHORUM. Desv. 1. G. melicoides, Beauv. Agr. 11. t. 15. f. 8.—Aira. Mz.—Ph.—Triodia, Spr. Haz. Canada. Mz. 22. PHRAGMITES. Trin. ebe, communis, Trin.—Kth.—Torr, Fl. p. 103.—Arundo Phragmites, Z.—E. Bot. t. 401. Haz. Canada. Ph. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia. Douglas. VOL. I, 2H 242 GRAMINEZ. — — [Dupontia. VII. Cutoripex, Kth. 93. SPARTINA. Schreb. 1. S. cynosuroides, Willd.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part Yl. n. 101.—Limnetis, Rich, —Ph. —Trachynotis. Mz. Haz, Canada. Ph. 2. S. polystachya, Willd.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 102.— Trachynotis, Mz, —Limnetis, Ph. Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Saskatchawan to Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. Beggener Asa Gray keeps these two Spartine distinct, in his valuable Gram. et Cyp. Americ. ;—but I rather incline to agree with those Botanists who unite them. 24. EUTRIANA. Trin. 1. E. oligostachya, Kth. Enum. p. 282.—Atheropogon oligostachys, Nutt. Gen. Am. 1,78 Haz. Plains of the Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— This very beautiful and little known grass, which has quite the habit of Ctenium, was first detected by Mr Nuttall on the plains of the Missouri. It is now found as far north as the Saskatchawan, and Mr Drummond has also gathered get luxu- riant specimens of the same plant in Texas (2d. Coll. n. 223, and 334.) VII. AvENACEX. Kth. 25. DESCHAMPSIA. Beauv. 1. D. cespitosa, Beaw.—Aira. L.—E. Bot. t. 1432.— Ph.— Torr. Fl. p. 132. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 11. n. 115. Haz, Canada. Ph. Saskatchawan to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Unalaschka. (Kth.) 2. D. brevifolia, Br. in Parry’s Let Voy. App. p. 291. Hook. in Parry s 2d Voy. p. 409. —£. major; subpedalis. Haz. Arctic Sea-shore and Islands.—g. Arctic Sea-coast.— Var. £. is full twice the size of «., and seems almost to unite the D. brevifolia with D. cespitosa. 26. DUPONTIA. Br. 1. D. Fischeri, Br. in Parry's lst Voy. App. p. 291. Hook. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 409.— Melica. Spr. Has. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardson. Parry. Sabine. Kotzebue's Sound, Beechey. ira.) GRAMINEE. 243 27. AIRA. I. 1. A, flexuosa, L.— E. Bot. t. 1519. Ph.— Torr. Fl p. 132. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 48. Has. Canada. Ph: Mrs Sheppard. Newfoundland and Labrador. Dr Morrison. N. W. Am. Douglas. 2, A. Danthonioides ( Trin.) ; glumis perianthia ineequaliter denticulata dorso aristata excedentibus, arista geniculata glumis longiore, foliis angustissimis. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1830. 6. 57. Kth. Agrost. p. 290. Haz. Low plains of the Columbia, near Fort Vancouver. Douglas. N. W. Am. (Kth.)—A very peculiar grass, of which I have seen no authentic specimen, but which 1 refer here at the suggestion of Dr Gray. 3. A. atro-purpurea, Wahl.— Bong. Veget. de Sitcha, p. 54.— Avena, Link.— Aira alpina, Vahl, in Fl. Dan. t. 961. Has. Sitcha. Bongard. 4. A. latifolia; panicula laxa, pedicellis scabriusculis, glumis opacis lato-ovatis acu- minatis complicato-carinatis glaberrimis flosculos (2) superantibus, perianthii valv. ext. 4- nervio apice 4-dentato eroso, arista infra medium inserta superiori glumis zequali inf. breviore, foliis lato-linearibus acutis glabris. (Tas. CCX XVII.) Haz. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— A very remarkable species, which Drs Torrey and Gray are dis- posed to refer to Avena: but it seems to me rather to have the character of Aira. It is remarkable for the ` breadth of the leaves, and for the large, opaque (not glossy), purple-green colour of the glumes. The awns are almost wholly included. The florets at the base, as well as the pedicel of the upper floret, are villous with long white hairs: the inner valve of the perianth is bicarinate, with a strong nerve at each carina, and scabrous. Tas. CCXXVIL—Fig. 1. Spikelet ; f. 2. Florets; f. 3. Outer valve of the perianth ; f. 4. Inner valve do. :—magnified. 5. A. elongata; panicula longissima composita gracili, ramis appressis scabris, glumis lineari-subulatis carinatis 3-nerviis (carina scabra) flosculos 2 multo superantibus, peri- anthii valvula exteriori apice 4-dentato obsolete 4-nervio arista stricta longissima peri- . anthium multo superante, foliis angustissimis setaceis rigidis. (Ta. CCXXVIII.) Ha». Sandy islands of the River Columbia. Douglas.— This, too, in the opinion of Messrs Torrey and Gray, should be referred to Avena: but it must be recollected that every Agrostographist has his own views respecting the limits of Aira, Trisetum, and Avena. The present plant is very different from every species in those genera with which I am acquainted. Its leaves are slender and setaceous, Culms, including the panicle, two feet and more long : of which the panicle itself occupies about one-half. The glumes are pale, tinged with purple, glossy, the carina green and scabrous. Tas. CCXXVIIL—Fig. 1. Spikelet ; f 2. Florets; f. 3. Outer valve of the perianth ; f. 4, Inner valve of do. :—magnified. 244 GRAMINEZ. - ; [Danthonia. 28. TRISETUM. Br. Kt. 1. T. subspicatum, Beauv.— Richards. App. ed. 2. p. 3. Br. in Parrys lst Voy. App. p. 292.—Trisetum airoides, E. § S.—T. molle, Kth.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part Il. n. 166.— Trin. Act. Petrop.—Avena mollis, Mz. Haz. Canada. Mz. Labrador, Dr Morrison. Rocky Mountains, Drummond, to the Arctic Sea-shore and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry.— A variable plant, in size, from 4 inches to a foot high, in the denseness or laxness of the inflorescence, in the hairiness, and in the more or less purple colour of the glumes. 2. T. cernuum; panicula laxa nutante, glumis tri-quadrifloris superiore paulo longiore (triplo latiore) pilis calli brevibus, racheos medium valvulz attingentibus, perianthiis bisubulatis supra medium longe aristatis, ovario barbato. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1830. 6. 61. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 54.— Avena cernua, Kunth, Agrost. p. 306. Has. Siteha. Mertens. Columbia River. Dr Scouler.— Our Scoulerian specimen precisely accords with an authentic one in my herbarium from the Imperial Academy of Petersburg. It is a tall growing grass, 2-3 feet and more high, with leaves more than half an inch broad. The panicle almost a foot long, the branches slender, drooping, lax, the awn very long and slender, the outer valve of the perianth has the two terminal teeth long, and remarkably slender, , 29. AVENA. ZL. 1. A. versicolor, Vill. Delph. 2. p. 142. t. 4. f. 5. Kth. Agrost. p.300.—A, Scheuchzeri, Poll.— Host, Gram. 2. p. 52. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.— The only difference I can perceive between these specimens and European ones, is that the panicle is longer (3 to 5 inches) and the spikelets more erect. 2. A. striata (Mz.); panicula subsimplici erectiuscula, spiculis 3-4-floris, flosculis basi barbatis superiore sepe tabescente, glumis inzequalibus leevissimis, perianthii valvula ext. coriacea 7-nervia, glabra bicuspidata cuspidibus subulatis, arista subtortili perianthio subduplo longiore, foliis lineari-acuminatis angustis, ligula brevi truncata. Mz. Am. 1. p. 23.—Trisetum purpurascens, Torr. Fl. 1. p. 197. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. n. 46. Has. Montreal. Paine. (Torrey). Canada to the Saskatchawan and to the Rocky Mountains.— The limits between Avena and Trisetum do not appear to be well defined: but the habit of the present species (most distinct indeed in point of specific character) is so much that of the preceding, that I think it more - natural to place it with the Avene. : 30. DANTHONIA. De Cand. 1. D. spicata, R. et S.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 117. Trin. lc. Gram. 5 bs 54.—Avena, L.—Ph.— Avena glumacea, Mz. Ha». Saskatchawan to Hudson's Bay. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Poa.) : GRAMINE, 245 IX. FESTUCACER. 31. POA. zZ. 1. P. borealis; culmo erecto subramoso compresso vaginisque glabris, foliis planis innovationum distichis scabris, panicula secunda spiceformi simplicissima erecta, spiculis lanceolatis sub-10-floris, glumis inzequalibus paleisque inferioribus 9-nerviis glaberrimis superiores zequantibus. Kth.—Brizopyrum boreale, Presi, in Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 280. Has. Nutka Sound. (Haenk.) 2. P. capillaris, L.—Mzx.—Ph. Fl, 1. p. 14.—Eragrostis, Nees. Haz. Canada. Ph.; but I have never seen specimens from British America. 3. P. reptans, Mz. Am. 1. p. 6. t. 11. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 14. Gray, Gram. et Cyp.. Part I. n. 52.—Eragrostis, Nees. - Has. Sandy banks of streams, N. W. Am. Douglas. 4. P. fasciculata? Torr. Fl. 1. p. 107. Haz. Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The foliage, culms, and general aspect of this plant are quite the same as those of Dr Torrey’s P. fasciculata: but the panicles have more regularly erect and shorter branches, and the glumes are longer and sharper. It is probably a distinct species. 5. P. annua, L.—E. Bot. i. 1141. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 107. , Has. Newfoundland. Dr Morrison. Saskatchawan, and York Factory, and Hudson's Bay. Dr Richard- son. Drummond. Columbia. Dr Scouler. 6. P. festucaformis, Host, Gram. Austr. 3. t. 17.—Poa arenaria, var. B. festuceeformis. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 390. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 55.—Festuca Hostii, Kth. Enum. p. 393. Haz. Siteha. Bongard.— Abundant on Menzies’ Island, and on the low sandy banks of the Columbia. N. W. Am. Douglas.—Host's figure is an excellent representation of our plant. 7. P. distans, L.—E. Bot. t. 986.— Festuca, Kth. Haz. Observatory Inlet and shores of the Columbia, N. W. Am. Dr Scouler. 8. P. airoides, Nutt. Gen. Am. 1. p. 68, cum descr. (non Kth.)—P. Nuttalliana, R. et S. Mant. 2. p. 303. Haz. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains and to Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—A very distinct and well marked species, 9. P. flecuosa, Wahl.— Host, Gram. Austr. 4. t. 26. Bongard, yp Sitcha, p. 55.—P. laxa, Wahl. ( fide Kth.) Haz. Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Mountains and to the Arctic Sea-coast, Dr Richardson. Drummond. 246 GRAMINEE. [Poa. — Specimens from the Rocky Mountains and from Bear Lake have larger spikelets and broader leaves ; whilst others have more erect spikelets and very narrow leaves: but the structure of the flowers seems to be the same in all. 10. P. laza, Haenke.— Host, Gram. 3. t. 15,—P. flexuosa, Sm. E. Bot. t. 1123. Has. Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Islands. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—Many of our Specimens so entirely agree with the description and figures of the European P. laxa, that it is impossible not to consider them as identical. 3 11. P. arctica, Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App.— Hook. in Parry's 2d, 3d, and Ath Voy.— Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132.—Poa flexuosa, 8. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 378.—P. laxa, Br. in Ross’ Voy. 2.192. - Ha». Labrador. Dr Morrison. Rocky Mountains to the Arctic Sea-shores and Islands in every direc- tion. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sir E. Parry, &c.—Some of my specimens from Kotzebue's Sound are a foot high, others are scarcely 4 inehes. I must confess myself frequently at a loss to distinguish P. arctica from P. laza, and these again from some forms of P. fleruosa. -A viviparous state of P. arctica with greenish flowers is in the collection from the Arctic Sea-coast. 12. P. alpina, L.—E. Bot. t. 1003. Haz. Labrador. Miss Brenton; and from the elevated grounds of the Saskatchawan to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— A most sportive plant in different localities ; varying from 3 inches to 2 feet in height; with the leaves broader or narrower (sometimes, when dry, rigid, and with margins involute); the panicle erect or spreading ; the spikelets opaque or glossy, broadly ovate and acute to oblong and almost obtuse, and, according to Kunth, with from 4 to 10 florets in each calycine glume : in our specimens, however, even those with the longest spikelets are about 4-flowered. Kunth enumerates 5 varieties of this species, and adduces very many synonyms. 13. P. pratensis, L.—E. Bot. t. 1013.— 8. stricta; foliis angustioribus paniculisque strictis. 3 Haz. Saskatchawan to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann.—f. has a very different appearance, and may perhaps prove a distinct species. It is from Carlton House Fort. 14. P. crocata, Mz. Am. 1. p. 68.— P. fertilis, Host, Gram. Austr. 3. p. 10. €. 14.—P. serotina, Gaud. et Auct. Am.— Gray, Gram, et Cyp. Part Il. n. 120. Ha». Canada. Mr Whitlaw. (Nuttall). Goldie. Mrs Sheppard. Lake Winipeg to the Rocky Moun- tains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— Our specimens precisely accord with the figure of Host above quoted. 15. P. nemoralis. L.— E. Bot. t. 1265. Torr. Fl. 1. p.111. Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132. —var. glauca. P. glauca, Sm. E. Bot. t. 1720, Haz. Saskatchawan, and plains of the Red River. Drummond. Douglas. Slave River. Dr Richard- son. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—As in Europe, so in N. America, this plant seems liable to great variation. From the Rocky Mountains are specimens 2-3 feet high, and stout in proportion, with very broad leaves, and flowers larger and more crowded than usual. The same mountains, however, afford what appears to be exactly an intermediate state, : Poa.] GRAMINE. 247 16. P, compressa, L.—E. Bot. t. 365.—Ph,—Torr.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part Y. n. 59. : Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 17, P. angustata, Br. in Parry's lst Voy. App. p. cclxxxvii and cccix. Haz. Arctic Sea-coast and adjacent islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. 18. P. abbreviata, Br. in Parry’s lst Voy. App. p. celxxxvii and cccix. Hook. et Arn, in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132. Haz. Melville Islands and Igloolik, Sir E. Parry. Kotzebue's Sound. Capt. Beechey. Greenland. Major Sabine. 19. P. glumaris (Trin.); paniculee angustatee dense radiis 2-3 angulato-filiformibus leevibus a basi floriferis, spiculis 2-5-floris pedicello longioribus (glumis flores subaquanti- bus), perianthiis distinctiuscule nervosis lineari-lanceolatis acutis ad carinam nervosque . marginales villosulis nudisve basi barbatis, ligulis brevissimis vel suprema productiuscula, radice repente, culmo tereti. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. p. 379. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 55. (et in Herb. nostr.) Kth. Enum. Gram. p. 359. Har. Unalaschka, Kotzebue's Sound. ( Trinius.) Sitcha. Mertens.—A large and very distinct species. 20. P. fulva (Trin.); panicule (foliis brevioribus) patula radiis subquaternis sub- angulato-filiformibus levibus inferne nudis, spiculis (subacerosis) 4-6-floris pedicellis subaequilongis vel longioribus, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lanceolato-ellipticis obtusius- culis nudis basi vix barbatis, ligulis productis, radice repente. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 378. Kth. Enum. p. 359. Haz. Bay of Eschscholtz, Kotzebue's Sound. (Trinius.) 21. P. stenantha (Trin.); paniculee contractiusculee radiis binis (v. pseudo-ternis) solitariisque filiformibus scabriusculis leevibusve inferne nudis, spiculis 2-5-floris pedicellis zequilongis longioribusve, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lanceolato-linearibus acutiusculis ad carinam villosulis inferne pilosiusculis basi subbarbulatis, ligulis productis, radice fibrosa. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. t. 376. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. Kth. Enum. p. 358. Haz. Sitcha. Mertens. Grassy slopes near the summit of Mount Rainier, N. W. Am. Tolmie.—A very distinct species of Poa, viviparous in the original specimen I have received from the Imperial Herbarium of St Petersburg. \ 22. P. leptocoma (Trin.) ; paniculee patentis seepissime flaccidae pauciflore radiis binis ` subcapillaceo-filiformibus levissimis superne floriferis, spiculis subtrifloris pedicello sub- «equilongis vel longioribus, perianthiis subobsolete nervosis lineari-lanceolatis acutiusculis vel carinam villosulis basi contortuplicato-lanatis, ligulis productis, radice fibrosa. Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 314. Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 54. Haz. Siteha. Bongard. 248 GRAMINEE. [ Glyceria. 23. P. rotundata (Trin.); panicule sublineari laxe radiis subquinis angulato-filiformi- bus scabriusculis simpliciusculis inferne nudis, spiculis (rotundato-apertis) trifloris brevi- pedicellatis, perianthiis obsolete nervosis lineari-ellipticis acutiusculis dorso lateribus basique contortuplicato-villosulis, radice subrepente? Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 378. Kth. Enum. p. 359. Has. Unalaschka. ( Trinius.) 32. GLYCERIA. Br. Kth. 1. G. aquatica, Sm.—Kth.—Poa aquatica, L.—E. Bot. t. 1315. Torr. Fl. 1. 1 107. (var. Americana). Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. p. 58. Has. Lake Winipeg to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Marshes near the Western Ocean. Douglas.—f. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The var. $. is scarcely a foot high, with smaller and less branched panicles than usual. 2. G. arctica (n. sp.); panicula erecta (statu juniori) contracta, spiculis erectis elongatis compresso-cylindraceis 7-8-floris, glumis inzequalibus flosculo inferiore breviori- bus obtusis, perianthii valvulis tenui-membranaceis levibus obtusis, foliis lineari-setaceis. (Tas. CCX XIX.) Has. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson.—I possess but one specimen of this plant, which is different from any Poa or Glyceria with which I am acquainted, It is scarcely a foot high, flaccid ; leaves much tufted at the base, a span long. Culm leafy to the top. Panicle 3 inches long, erect. Florets distichous, erect, slightly imbricated, green, tipped with reddish-purple ; texture of the glumes thin and membranaceous. Tas. COXXIX.— Fig. 1. Spikelet; f. 2. Glumes ; f: 3. Florets :—magnified. 3. G. fluitans, Br.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 106. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. n. 48.—G. spec- tabilis, M. et K, Fl. Germ.— Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 54.— Festuca fluit. L.—Poa, E. Bot. t. 1520.— Mz. Haz. Saskatchawan. Drummond. É 4. G. pauciflora (Presl); panicula erecta composita patentissima, spiculis 4-floris pa- tentibus, glumis rotundatis uninerviis, palea inferiore quinquenervia, radice repente. Presl, in Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 25". Has. Nutka Sound.—* Affinis G. fluitanti, sed distincta." Presi. 5. G. nervata, Trin. in Act. Petrop. 6. 1. 365.—G. Michauxii, Kth. Gram. 1. 118. 343. t. 85.—Poa nervata, Willd.— Ph.— Torr.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 11. n. 57.—P. striata, Mx. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 6. G. elongata, Trin.—Poa elongata, Torr. Fl. 1, p. 122. (non Wild) —P. Torres Spreng.— Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 11. n. 56. Kth. Enum. p. 333. Haz. Canada, Mrs Perceval. Festuca.] GRAMINEZ. 249 = Y. G. obtusa, Trin.—Poa obtusa, Muhl.— Torrey Fl. 1. p. 112. (non Nutt.) Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 55. Haz. Canada. Goldie. 8. G. Canadensis, Trin.—Poa Canadensis, Torr. Fl. p. 112. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. ` Part Il. n. 121.—Briza Canadensis, Mz. Haz. Canada. Goldie. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson, Drummond. 33. PLEUROPOGON. Br. 1. P. Sabinii, Br. in Parrys 1st Voy. App. p. clxxxix. t. D. f. 1-10.—<. elatior; sub- spithamzeus, antheris stramineis. f. 1—7.—6. humilior ; 3-4 uncialis, antheris purpureis. f. 8-10. Has. Melville Island, Capt. Sabine. 34. REBOULEA. Kth. -1. R. gracilis, Kth. Gram. 1. p. 341. t. 84.—Aira obtusata, et A. melicoides, Mz. Ph. —Koeleria Pennsylvanica, DC.—Torr. Fl. 1. p. 116. (Jide Kth.)—K. truncata, Torr. l. c. p. 116. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. 1. n. 44. —Aira truncata, Mz. Has. Near the Falls of Niagara. B. D. Greene, Esq. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. z 35. CATABROSA. P.Beauv. l. C. aquatica, P. Beauv. Agrost. p. 97. t. 19. f. 8.—Aira aquatica, L.—E. Bot. t. 1557. Has. York Factory, Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. 36. KOELERIA. Pes. 1. K. cristata, Pers.—Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part Y. n. 45.— Torr.— Kth.— Aira cristata, L.—E. Bot. t. 648. Haz. Lake .Winipeg and the Red River to the Saskatchawan and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richard- son. Douglas. Dr d. Arid gravelly soils near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. d 37. FESTUCA. Z. 1. F. Myurus, L.—E. Bot. t. 1412, : Has. Menzies Island and shores of the Columbia River. N. W. Am. Douglas. Dr Scouler. bi 2. F. occidentalis; glaberrima, panicula composita erectiuscula laxa, spiculis 4-floris, floscnlis stipitatis laxe imbricatis subcylindraceis, glumis parvis valde inzequalibus apice VOL, 11, A 250 . GRAMINE. [ Festuca. obtusis ciliatis, perianthii valv. ext. obsoletissime nervosa, arista scabriuscula recta flos- culam superante, foliis angustissimis lineari-filiformibus, foliorum vaginis longissimis. Haz. Plains and elevated grounds of the Columbia, near the sea. Dr Scouler. Douglas.— Root tufted. Culms cespitose, 13 to 2 feet high. Leaves principally radical, one-fourth the length of the culms, 3 or 4 on the culm, distant, but the culm is almost wholly concealed by their remarkably long, sheathing bases. Panicle 5-6 inches long ; branches slender, again divided, more or less long, and more or less patent. Spike- lets small in proportion to the size of the panicle, green, glossy, smooth. Awns about equal in length to the perianth. Glumes short and obtuse, especially the upper or inner one, which is about twice as long as the outer one, yet not half so long as the floral valves. Inner valve of the floret as long as the outer, acute, flat at the back, but the margins closely inflexed. : 8. F. ovina, L.—E. Bot. t. 585. Haz. Lake Winipeg to the Saskatchawan and the Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—Some of the specimens are a foot and a foot and a half long, but differing in no essential par- ticular from our European F. ovina. 4. F. brevifolia; racemo subsimplici erecto, flosculis teretibus supra scabriusculis arista duplo longioribus, foliis setaceis vaginisque lzevibus, culmeo supremo multoties breviore vagina sua laxiuscula. Br. in Parry's 1st Voy. App. p. cclxxxix. et cccix. Hook. in Parrys 2d Voy. App. p. 408, and in Parry's 4th Voy. App. p. 213. Has. Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Sir E. Parry. Dr Richardson. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. E 5. F. subulata (Bong.); flosculis lanceolato-linearibus (angustissimis) subobsolete ner- vosis subulatis, subula iisdem «quilonga vel longiori, foliis omnibus planis, radice fibrosa vel subrepente. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 55. Has. Sitcha. Mertens. a 6. F. rubra, L.—E. Bot. t. 2056.—Bongard, Veg. Sitcha, p. 55.—F. duriuscula, Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 132.—var. 1. 'spiculis hirsutis.—var. 2. racemo subsimplici, spiculis valde hirsutis paucifloris nunc flosculis viviparis. Has. Canada. Mrs Perceval. York Factory, Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Kotzebue's Sound. Beechey. Greenland (Hornemann.)— Var. 1. Fort Vancouver.—var. 2. Cumberland House Fort, Bear Lake, and Arctic America. Dr Richardson, (viviparous ;) Saskatchawan to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. Greenland. Hornemann.—In the more northern latitudes this species frequently becomes very hairy in its floscules, and of a dark purplish colour. I have referred the F. duriuscula of the Bot. of Beech. Voy. hither, because, like all my specimens which possess a root at all, that root is creeping. 7. F. Richardsoni; humilis, racemo simplici brevi, spiculis approximatis compressis . ovatis tri-quadri-floris dense villosis, glumis inzequalibus (majore flosculo breviore), peri- anthii valvula ext. lato-ovata subcompresso-carinata in aristam perbrevem acuminata, foliis brevibus angusto-linearibus planis, radice repente. (Tas. COXXX.) Radix repens stolonifera. | Culjnus basi geniculatus, digitalis ad spithamzeam, versus basin preecipue foliosus. Folia 1-3 uncias longa vix $ lineam lata, angusto-linearia, obtusa, flaccida, plana. Racemus unciam sesqui- £ Festuca.) GRAMINEÆ. i 251 unciam longus, simplex vel rarissime subcompositus. ` Spiculæ 6-8, approximate, ovate, breviter pedicellatæ, dense pilose. Glume oblongo-ovatæ, cymbiformes, obtuse, ineequales, flosculis breviores, tri-quadriflore, compresse. Flosculi compressi ; perianthii valvula exterior late ovata, complicato-carinata, fusco-purpurea, margine hyalina, apice in aristam perbrevem sensim acuminata: interior bicarinata, ad carinas hirsuta. Has. Arctic Sea-coast. Dr Richardson.— This appears to be a very distinct species from any with which I am acquainted. : Tas, CCXXX.— Fig. 1. Spikelet; f. 2. Calycine glume ; f. 3. Perianth; f. 4. Anterior view of the inner, and f. 5. posterior view of the inner valve of the perianth :—magnified. 8. F. (Schoenodorus) pratensis, Huds.—E. Bot. t. 1592. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 121. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1l. n. 125. Has. Dry plains of the Columbia, and towards the mountains. Douglas, ` 9. F. (Schoenodorus) borealis (Mert.); panicula laxa erectiuscula ramis, primariis sub- verticillatis, spiculis oblongis sub-4-floris, glumis subeequalibus longitudine fere spicule, flosculis teretibus basi fasciculato-pilosis, perianthii valvula exteriore 7-nervi apice brevi- aristata lacerata interiore apice bidentata, foliis lato-linearibus planis asperis. (Tas. CCXXXI.)—Mert. et Koch, Fl. Germ. 1. p. 664. Kth.- Enum. p. 404. Ha». Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatchawan.— This fine grass is considered by Dr Torrey to be the same with the F. borealis of Mert. and Koch ; and it must be confessed that it agrees pretty well with their description ; but I have no authentic specimen of that plant by which to certify the opinion, and there are some slight discrepancies. The culm in our specimens is as thick as a swan's quill, 3-4 or more feet high, leaves 8-10 inches long, broadly linear-acuminate, rough to the touch. Panicle a foot and more long, almost quite erect, as well as the subverticillate slender branches. Spikelet erect, 3 to 3ths of an inch long, scat- tered or subfascicled, sessile or pedicellate, generally 4-flowered, Glumes unequal, convex, rounded at the back, not keeled, the outer one shorter than the florets, acute, entire at the point, the middle nerve reaching beyond the point, so as to form a short arista, there are besides, on each side, two short lateral nerves; the inner glume as long as the whole spikelet of florets, torn at the point, aristate, the middle nerve reaching beyond the point ; there are besides, 2 lateral nerves reaching to the apex, and 2 intermediate shorter ones. Florets cylindrical, closely placed, with a tuft of white hairs at the base of each; outer valve of the perianth jagged at the point, shortly aristate, with 7 nerves reaching to the summit : the inner lanceolate, the margin inflected, with 2 strong, green, ciliated, nerves at the flexures, running out so as to form a bifid apex; upper floret smaller than the rest. Tas. CCXXXI.— Fig. 1. Spikelet ; f. 2. Inner glume; f. 3. Outer do. ; ZA Perianth :—magnified. 10. F. (Schenodorus) nervosa; panicula erecto-patens laxa, spiculis oblongis com- pressis remote 7-8-floris glumis ineequalibus levibus, superiore longitudine fere flosculi, - floseulis scabris lineari-oblongis acute carinatis conduplicato-compressis acutis nervosis, nervis 5 elevatis, foliis planis linearibus.—( Tas. CCX XXII.) Has. Nutka Sound. Dr Scouler.—Root creeping. Culms cespitose, 13-2 feet high, slender, wiry. Leaves flaccid, linear. Panicle 3-4 to 6 inches long, lower branches long and capillary. Spikelets oblong, the flowers remote, and the rachis peculiarly zigzag. These florets are remarkable for being very much com- WT A 12 d. EE INC e e 252 ; GRAMINEZ. [Bromus. pressed ; the outer valve completely conduplicate, with a sharp keel, the lateral form (being thus doubled) is linear-oblong, with one nerve at the keel, and two very prominent ones on each side ; the apex rather acute, the whole scabrous ; inner valve bifid at the point, prominently two-keeled at the back, the keels scabrous. Tas. CCXXXII.—Fig. 1. Spikelet ; f. 2. Glumes ; € 3. Floret :—magnified. 11. F. scabrella; panicula erecta, ramis patentibus, spiculis 3-4-floris teretibus minute : scabrellis, perianthii valvula exteriore 5-nervi in aristam perbrevem acuminata, interiore apice bifida, marginibus inflexis ad flexuras nervosis, foliis plerisque radicalibus angusto- linearibus ad vaginam cito deciduis. (Tas. CCX XXIIL)—F. scabrella, Torr. Mst. Culmi pedales, erecti, ceespitosi, striati, subunifoliati, glabri ; folio anguste lineari-acuminato vix duas uncias longo, vagina longissima sub lente scabriuscula: reliqua folia etiam glabra, pleraque radicalia, membranaceo- vaginata, angusto-linearia, 3-4 pollicaria, ad vaginas articulata, cito decidua. Panicula composita, 3-4 polli- caris, erecta; rami patentes, versus apicem spicigeri. Spicule viridi-purpuree, 3-plerumque 4-florz, ovate, $ unciam long, extus tactu vel sub lente minute seabrelle. Glume inxquales, acute, flosculis subduplo breviores, enerves, muticee. Flosculi teretes ; perianthii valvula exterior quinquenervis, in aristam perbrevem sensim acuminata; interior lanceolata, plana, marginibus inflexis ad flexuras uninervibus scabris, apice bifida. Haz. Alpine districts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This-is a very distinct, and highly peculiar species. "There is seldom more than one leaf on the culm. The rest are radical, and have broad mem- branous sheathing bases, from the top of which the blade of the leaf is very deciduous. The texture of the florets is soft and membranaceous. Tas. CCXXXIII.— Fig. 1. Spikelet ; f 2. Perianth :—magnifted. 38. BROMUS. ZL. 1. B. purgans, L.— Rich. in Frankl. Let Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 3. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 128. This appears to me, judging from the specimens before me, to be a species that varies much according to age and locality. In its more usual form the panicle and spikelets very much resemble our Europzean B. erectus; but the great breadth of the hairy leaves will at all times distinguish it. As has been already sug- gested in the Botany of Capt. Beechey’s Voyage, p. 119., probably the B. pubescens of Muhl., the B. Cana- densis, Mich., the B. ciliatus of Linn., and the B. purgans are all vars. of one and the same species. It will be seen in the “ Flora of the Northern and Middle United States," how doubtful Dr Torrey himself is about those reputed species. The following are what I should enumerate as vars. In speaking of the hairiness of the florets, I would be understood as alluding to the outer valve of the perianth : the inner is Do beau- tifully ciliated at the flexure of the margin. «, vulgaris ; panicula elongata laxa, spiculis angustis 6-8-floris viridibus, flosculis sericeo-villosis.— HAB. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Goldie. Dr Richardson. Red River. Douglas. Columbia. Dr Scouler.— subvar. a. flosculis glabris vel ad nervos tantum rarius ciliatis.— Has. Fort Norman. Dr Richardson. . 8. pallidus ; panicula densa subcorymbosa, spiculis paullo latioribus magis compressis pallide virentibus 6-7- floris, flosculis marginibus sericeo-villosis.— Ha». Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. y. purpurascens ; panicula elongata laxiuscula, spiculis latioribus 6-8-floris viridi-purpurascentibus margini- bus preecipue sericeo-villosis.— Ha». Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. Dr Richardson. 3. longispicata ; panicula densa subcorymbosa, spiculis latioribus biuncialibus viridi-purpurascentibus mar- ginibus precipue sericeo-villosis.— Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Ceralotilpad GRAMINEZ. 253 2. B. Sitchensis ( Bong.) ; panicula patula (demum patente?) nutante, spiculis 5-7-floris, flosculis lanceolatis setis terminalibus rectis valvula paullo brevioribus, ligula oblonga producta. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 55. Haz. Sitcha. Mertens.—'* Maxime affinis Br. pendulino, Sesse, (Roem. et Sch, 2. p. 644,) cui et habitu ` simillimus (nam radii inferiores longi, in speciminibus junioribus nostris patuli tantum, demum fortasse patentes)» differt potissimum setis, flosculorum longioribus, ligula magna rotundata (nec brevi truncata,) ut in Br. pen- dulino, et foliis majoribus." Bongard. 39. CERATOCHLOA. P. Beauv. 1. C. brevi-aristata; panicula elongata laxa subnutante, spiculis lanceolatis ancipiti- compressis glabris (sub lente scabris), glumis subinsequalibus acutis submuticis nervosis, perianthii valvula exteriore acute carinata multinervi brevi-aristata, foliis lato-linearibus villosulis, vaginis villoso-tomentosis. (Tas. COXXXIV.) Has. Dry elevated ground of Lewis’ and Clarke's River, and near the sources of the Columbia. Douglas. — Culm 2-3 feet high, near the base as thick asa swan's quill. Leaves very broadly linear-acuminate, slightly hairy. Ligule ovate, membranaceous, white. Panicle 8-10 inches long, slightly compound, erect, or a little drooping to one side. Spikelets inclined (not drooping), an inch or an inch and a quarter long, lanceolate, remarkably compressed, sharply 2-edged, of a harsh and rigid —€— E a oed uniform green colour, minutely scabrous, more so on the keel, Glumes moderately , acutely carinate, gradually com- ing to a point, not aristate, shorter than the florets, outer about 5, inner about 9-nerved. Exterior valve of the perianth complicato-compressed, sharply carinate, 9-or more nerved, having a very evident, but short, straight awn, from between the slightly bifid points. Inner valve scarcely half so long as the outer, narrow, lanceolate, bifid at the point, the margins sharply inflexed ; at the flexures there is a strong ciliated green nerve. Stamens 3. Filaments, apparently, in the advanced state of the flower, incorporated with the ovary, for I can in no instance trace them, till they become free at the top of the crest of the germen. — Anthers (abortive ?) small, ovate. Ovary and young fruit oblong with a deep furrow in the inner face, crowned with a 3-lobed whitish hairy crest. Allied to Ceratochl ioloides, Beauv. (which has been found in Texas by Mr Drum- ‘mond, No. 376, of his 3d Coll.) but very different in the foliage and in the presence of a distinct awn to the florets. - Tas. CCXXXIV.—Fig. 1. Spikelet; f. 2. Glumes; f. 3. Perianth; f. 4. Outer view of an inner valve of do. ; f: 5. Immature fruit :—magnified. 2. C. grandiflora; panicula subsimplici laxa, spiculis valde compressis subancipitibus pubescenti-scabris 10-11-floris, glumis subzequalibus acuminatis vix aristatis 9-nerviis car- inatis, perianthii valvula exteriore compresso-carinata 9-nervi arista stricta valvulee dimi- dio longitudinis terminata, foliis lanceolato-linearibus vaginisque hirsutulis. (Ta. CCXXXV.) Haz. Common on the plains of the Columbia. Dr Scouler. Douglas.— Allied to the last in its compressed florets, but quite distinct. The spikelets are in some of the specimens much longer than in any species of the genus I am acquainted with. Although the florets are carinated they are less so than in the preceding species, and more remote on the rachis: the awn, too, is far longer than in that species. The inner valve is gra- dually attenuated into a long acumen, deeply bifid at the point. In the flowering spikelets, the filaments may easily be traced to the base of the ovary ; but in a more advanced state, the lower part of the filaments pro- 254 GRAMINEE. [ Triticum. bably deliquesces, while the upper seems to adhere, by a glutinous substance, to the crest of the ovary, and then the portion above the ovary seems to have its origin from the top of that body, and to continue there till nearly the perfection of the fruit. The hypogynous scales are 2, broadly obovate, large, but so thin and delicate, that I cannot trace them in the more advanced state of the flower. From an examination of more than one spikelet, it would appear that the lower florets bear abortive stamens, with small and short anthers ; the upper ones abortive pistils, with very large linear anthers. In both, the inner valve of the perianth adheres to the ovary as it advances to maturity. Tas. CCXXX V.— Fig. 1. Spikelet; f. 2. More advanced do.; f. 3. Inner view of inner valve of the perianth ; f. 4. Ovary and stamens from a lower floret ; f. 5. Do., and hypogynous scales from an upper floret :—magnified. 40. BRIZOPYRUM. Presl. 1. .B. spicatum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 403.—-B. boris; Presl, in Heliq. Haenk. 1. p. 280.—Uniola spicata, L.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 105. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. n. 49.—U. stricta, Torr. in Am. of Lyc. 1. p. 55.—U. multiflora, Nutt.—Festuca disticho- phylla, Mz.— Ph.—Poa Michauxii, Kth. Enum. p. 325. Haz. Plains of the Red and Saskatchawan Rivers, to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas. De Fuca, N. W. Coast. Dr Scouler. Nutka. Mertens.— We have observed in the Botany of Beechey's Voyage, that this plant is bisexual, and there is a slight difference between the flowers of the two sexes, which has led to the separation of the species. 41. TRITICUM. Z. 1. T. (Agropyrum) junceum, L.—E, Bot. t. 814. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Low plains of the Columbia. Douglas. 2. T. (Agropyrum) repens, L.—E. Bot. t. 909. Torr. Fl. 1. 135.—a. vulgare.—£. minus; spica breviore.— y. purpurascens; spica parva, spiculis purpurascentibus, flosculis aristatis.—0. subvillosum; spica elongata, spiculis subvillosis.—s. nanum; spica breviore, flosculis subsericeo-villosis.—7. dasystachyum; elatum, spicis majoribus, spiculis dense sericeo-villosis. i Haz. «. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains and tothe Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson. Drummond, Arid barren grounds at the junction of Lewis and Clarke's Rivers with the Columbia, —f£. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—y. Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. Dr Richardson.—3. Fort Norman, on the Mackenzie. River. Dr Richardson.—s. Arctic sea-coast. Dr Richardson.—%. Carlton House Fort, on the Saskatcha- wan. Dr Richardson.— Allthe above I am quite disposed to consider as mere forms of one and the same species, varying according to soil, locality, Se, The last var., dasystachyum, very much resembles the 7’. dasyanthum, Spr. (Agropyrum, Schultes Mant. p. 400.) but that from its obtuse florets and involute leaves, I would rather refer to a hairy state of T. junceum. 3. T. (Agropyrum) caninum, Schreb.—E. Bot. t. 1372. Torr. Fl. 1. p. 186.—8. melini (Ledeb.); aristis validis demum peveniiereilexis, Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Ross. Altaic. Illustr. t. 248.— Bromus strigosus. Bieb. Elymus,] GRAMINER. 255 Has. Lake Winipeg to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Plains of the Multnomak river, N. W. Am. Douglas.—g. Near the great falls of the Columbia, N. W. Am. Douglas.—The var. 6. has so remarkable an appearance from its strong horizontal, almost reflexed awns, that at first sight, I did not hesitate to consider it a distinet species, as others have done with the same state of the plant : for it is, according to authentic specimens in my Herbarium, the Agropyrum egilopoides of Ledebour's mst. (in Herb. nostr.) from the Altai; and the Bromus strigosus, Rich. from the mountains of Tauria; but Ledebour has determined correctly, we doubt.not, that it is a variety of 7. caninum. 42. ELYMUS. L. 1. E. arenarius, L.—E. Bot. t. 1672. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. pp. 119, 132. Has. Canada.-(Quebec.) Mrs Perceval. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Miss Brenton, Saskatchawan to Bear Lake, and the extreme Arctic shores and islands. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sir E. Parry. N. W. Am. from the Columbia to Kotzebue’s Sound. Dr Scouler. Douglas. Capt. Beechey. 2. E. mollis, Br. in Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. App. p. 8.—E. mollis, Trin. in Spreng. N. Entd. 2. 12? Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 56 ?—E. dasystachys. Trin. in Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Ross. Alt. Illustr. t. 249.— 8. spicis minoribus hirsutissimis, spiculis 2-3 floris. Haz. Saskatchawan to Bear Lake and the Arctic. shores, and &, Garry's island. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond.— Ledebour's E. dasystachys, from the Altaic mountains, is precisely the same as our E. mollis; and his P. of that plant seems to be the same as our £. The flowers of the largest specimens are always smaller than those of E. arenarius, which has nevertheless frequently very soft and hairy spikes. I have never seen authentic specimens of the E. mollis of Trinius; Bongard says that it scarcely differs from E. arenarius, except in its plane leaves. 3. E. hirsutus (Presl) ; culmo compresso ? vaginisque glabris, foliis scabris subtus hir- sutis, spica erecta, spiculis-hirtis trifloris, glumis sub-quinquenerviis, palea inferiore quin- quenervia scabra arista breviore. Presl, in Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 264. Haz, Nutka Sound. (Presl).— Affinis E. Europeo (Presl). 4. E. Sibiricus, L.—Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 56. Schreb. Gram. 1. t. 21. Jf. 1. Gmel. Sib. E 28s Haz. Sitcha. Mertens.—* Flosculi et involucella in gramine harum regionum superne ciliatuli.” Bong. 5. E. Canadensis, L.—Ph.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 137. Rich. App. p. 3. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. „Part I. n. 63.—E. Philadelphicus. Z.—E. glaucifolius. Willd. Ph.—£. spicis fusces- centibus dense villosis. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Slave River. Dr Richardson.—é. Rocky Mountains. - Drummond.—This should be compared with authentic specimens of E. Sibiricus. What I have from Ledebour as that species, does not seem to differ; but the spikes are in a starved state, while those from Gouan’s Herbarium are precisely the same. The figures of Gmelin and Schreber by no means disagree with our E. Canadensis. 6. E. Virginicus, L.—Ma.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. 1. p. 137. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. - _ n. 60.—8. submuticus; glumis flosculisque brevissime aristatis. 256 GRAMINEE. ` [ Andropogon. Haz. 8. Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Common on the shores of lakes and : rivers to the east of the Rocky Mountains, but never found to the west of that range. Douglas.— The true E. Virginicus I possess from various parts of the United States, and even as far north as Boston, with the glumes and outer valve of the florets tapering into a long awn; but all the specimens found by Mr Drummond and Mr Douglas have scarcely an awn at all : yet I can perceive no other difference. The E. Dahuricus of Turcznaninow (in Herb. nostr.) from Dahuria, I cannot distinguish from E. Virginicus. 7. E. villosus, Muhl—Ph.—Torr, Fl. 1. p. 138. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 62. . Haz. Canada. Goldie.—Dr Torrey and the American Botanists, I believe, are disposed to consider the E. striatus, Willd., as identical with Æ. villosus. The whole genus needs a very careful revision. S. E. Europeus, L.—E. Bot. t. 1317. Has. Canada. Mrs Perceval.—l have closely compared this specimen from Canada with our own E. Europeus, and it entirely accords; but I must at the same time remark that E. villosus appears to me to be a hairy state of the same plant. - 43. ASPRELLA. Humb. 1. A. Hystriz, Willd.—Kth. Enum. p. 454.—Elymus Hystrix, L.—Muhl.—Torr. Fl. ` 1. p. 138. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part II. n. 130.—Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb. Gram. t. AT. : Haz. Canada. Goldie; to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 44. HORDEUM. Z. 1. H. pratense, Huds.—E. Bot. t. 156.—H, secalinum, Schreb.— Host, Gram. Austr. 1. p. 33. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 56. Haz. Sitcha. Mertens. Common on the plains of the Columbia near the sea. Douglas. 2. H. jubatum, L.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. 1. p. 158. Rich. App. p. 3. ` Has, Plains of the Saskatchawan to the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Frequent on the low grounds near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea, Douglas. X. ANDROPOGONER. 45. ANDROPOGON. L. Kth. 1. A. scoparius, Max.— Ph.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 136. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part I. n. 64, — A. dissitiflorus, Mz. (fide Gray).—A. purpurascens, Muhl. Haz. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. A. furcatus, Muhl.—Ph.—Torr. Fl. 1. p. 137. Gray, Gram. et. Cyp. Part La 63. $ - Vilfa.] GRAMINEZ. 257 Has. Lake Huron, Dr Todd; to the Saskatchawan and the Rocky Mountains, Dr Richardson, Drum- mond; and Hudson’s Bay, Douglas. : 3. A. (Sorghum, Nees) avenaceus. Mx.—A. nutans. L. ? —Muhl.— Torr. Fl. 1. p. 157. Gray, Gram. et Cyp. Part 1. n. 87. Has. Saskatchawan. Drummond.— This is perhaps the northern limit of this handsome grass. It is more frequent in the south, and according to Kunth, it extends to the West Indies and South America, and is the A. stipoides, H. B. K., and the Sorghum parviflorum of Hamilt. Prodr. Fl. Ind, Occ. (Add at p. 233, after Alopecurus aristulatus; | 2* A. cespitosus ( Trin.) ; pusillus, thyrso cylindraceo-oblongo, glumis ad basin usque fissis acutiusculis glabriusculis pectinatis, valvula truncato-obtusa, stylis inferne connatis. Trin. Gram. Ic. t, 241. Haz. Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—A very small species, scarcely 3 inches high, with lax, some- what interrupted and lobed spikes of a tawny green colour : the glumes fringed or pectinated at the keel, and as well as the perianth truncated at the top. The awn is scarcely longer than the valve. It is beautifully figured by Trinius in the work above quoted, and, I presume, from specimens which I gave to the late Mr Prescott; but no station is mentioned further than that the specimen is * boreali- Americanum.” And at p. 239, after Vilfa tenacissima; 3, Y. depauperata (Torr. mst.) ; rigida, culmo brevi dichotome ramoso striato glabro fere toto vaginato, foliis lineari-subulatis vaginis margine membranaceis, ligulis ovatis obtusis, racemo composito sub-paniculato paucifloro, glumis inzequalibus ovatis obtusis mem- branaceis enervibus perianthio 4 brevioribus, perianthii valvulis subeequalibus lanceolatis chartaceis acutissimis. (Tas, CCX XXVI.) Tota glaberrima, rigida. Culmus 4-6 uncias longus, decumbens, supra basin dichotome ramosus, teres, striatus, per totam fere longitudinem vaginatus ; rami geniculati, flexuosi, articulis sesquiuncialibus. Folia parva, inferiora vix unciam, superiora 2-3 lineas longa, lineari-subulata, rigida, striata. Vagine ad mar- gines membranacee. Ligule obtuse, in marginem vaginarum decurrentes. Panicula parva subsimplex, fere racemus, vix unciam longa, erecta, 8-10 flora. Pedicelli breves, striati, glabri, erecti. Spicule erecta. Glume inzequales, ovate, obtuse, membranacee, subhyalinz, dorso obscure uninervio, perianthio 3- breviores, Perianthii valvulee subchartacex, equales, concave vix carinatee, lanceolatz, obscure trinervise ; exterior acutissima nuda ; interior apice bifida. Haz. N. W. America. Barren sandy parts of the Columbia from Menzies’ island upwards. Douglas.—A very distinct species from any I have seen. Dr Torrey considers its place as between V. virgata and V. vaginefolia. S Tas. CCXXXVI.—Fig. 1: Spikelet ; f. 2. Glumes ; f. 3. Perianth :—magnified.) YOL, II, 258 FILICES. ; [.Polypodium. Cu. I. ACOTYLEDONEZX. Oro. I. FILICES. Tris. I. PoLYPoDIAcER. 1. POLYPODIUM. Z. 1. P. vulgare, L.—E. Bot. t. 1149.— PA.— Rich. App. p. 39.—8. Americanum; minus, fronde angustiore, laciniis remotioribus. P. Virginianum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1345 (excl. Syn. Plum. &c.). Ph.—y. occidentale ; frondis laciniis acutis acute serratis. P. vint Virginianum. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 5't. Haz. f. Canada. Pursh, Mrs Perceval, Mrs Sheppard; to the Saskatchawan and Slave River. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—y. N. W. Am. On rocks and decayed wood, common near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. Sitcha. Mertens. (in Herb. nostr.)—' The common state of this plant throughout the United States and in British N. America, is to be smaller than the European form, with narrower and more oblong fronds, with lacinise more distant, and the sori nearer the margin. This is no doubt the P. Virginianum of Linneus and authors, as far as regards the Virginia plant, on which Linnzus founded his character :—the synonyms which he has adduced, or at least that of Plumier, belong I think rather to the following. "The Columbian and Sitcha variety is different from any I have seen, yet cannot in my opinion be distinguished as a species from this, which we know is a very variable Fern. Mertens’ plant from Sitcha described by Bongard, is identical with the Columbian one, 2. P. intermedium ; fronde ovali-lanceolata membranacea pellucida fere ad rachin pin- natifida, laciniis oblongis acutiusculis serratis glabris, venulis (3-4) distinctis liberis vel rarissime sub margine anastomosantibus, soris ovalibus solitaris. Hook. e£ Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 405. Plum. Fil. p. 60. t. 17. Haz. Columbia. Dr Scouler.— On referring to Plumier's figure above quoted (a W. Indian Plant), to see how far it agreed with any N. American Fern (Linnzus having referred to it as his P. Virginianum), I find it agrees so well with this plant, that I have little hesitation in considering it the same ; and the more so from observing that the species is also a native of St Vincent, whence I have received specimens from the late Mr Guilding. 3. P. (Marginaria) Californicum, Kaulf.— Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 56. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beechey's Voy. p. 161 and 405. Has. N. W. America. Moist Rocks, Columbia river. Dr Scouler. 4. P. Phegopteris, L.—«. minus; subrigidum, pinnarum infimarum laciniis omnibus sub- integerrimis, venulis fere omnibus simplicibus, soris densis marginatis, E. Bot. t. 224. Schkuhr, Fil. Tab. 20.—8. intermedium ; tenuius, pinnarum inferiarum laciniis crenato- lobatis venulisque furcatis, soris submarginalibus.—P. connectile? Mz.— Willd —Ph,—y. majus ; tenue, pinnis distantibus inferiarum plurium laciniis remotiusculis elongatis pin- natifidis, venulis plurimis furcatis.—P. Phegopteris, y. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 20, b.—P. hexa- gonopterum, Mz, Am, 2. p. 271. Ph.—P. cruciatum, Kaulf. (fide Presl.) Physematium.] -FILICES. ` 259 Haz. «. Canada. Lady Dalhousie. Mrs Perceval.—f. Canada. Mrs Perceval; and thence to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. N. W. Am. Columbia River. Douglas. Portage, and near the sources of the Columbia river. Drummond.—y. Canada. Goldie.—Of the two first varieties that I have here noticed, I have not the slightest doubt of their belonging to one and the same species ; and with regard to the third (var. y.), among the larger specimens of £. which I have seen, are some which appear to constitute quite a connecting link between z. and y. This latter seems to be rare in British America ; more frequent in the United States, where it is sometimes called P. connectile and sometimes P. heragonopterum. The larger the plant, and the more remote the pinnze, the greater the disposition in the fronds to become com- pound, and the more the veinlets become branched or forked :—then too the decurrent triangular lobe of the rachis is more developed and more remarkable. 5. P. Dryopteris, L.—E. Bot. 1.616. Rich. App. p. 39.— Nephrodium,Mx.—P. calcareum, Ph.—8. rigidius. P. calcareum, Sm. E. Bot. t. 1525. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 57. Haz. Canada. Mrs Perceval, to the Rocky Mountains and to Bear Lake. Dr Richardson. Drum- mond.—ß. High Mountains of the Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas. d 2, GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv. 1. G. triangularis, Kaulf.—Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 815. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 161 et 405. Haz. Columbia. Douglas.—A single specimen only of this is in the Herbarium of Mr ER mixed up with other Ferns of the Columbia. It was probably found to the south of that river towards California, a country which the species is known to inhabit, 3. WOODSIA. Br. 1. W. Ilvensis, Br. in Linn. Trans. v. 11. p. 173.—E. Bot. t. 2616. Sw.— Ph, Am. 2 p. 600. Rich. App. p. 39.—Polypodium, Sw.—Nephrodium rufidulum, Ph. (certe.) Has. Canada to Hudson's Bay, Bear — and the Rocky Mountains. Pursh. Goldie. Lady Dal- housie. Dr Richardson. Douglas. Dr 2. W. hyperborea, Br. l. c. p.173, cum Tc.—Ph, Am.2. p.600. Befreiung Sw. Presl, E. Bot. t. 2023. Has. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Pursh. Dr Richardson. Drummond. 3. W. glabella (Br.); frondibus (lanceolato-linearibus) pinnatis glaberrimis, pinnis triangularibus pinnatifidis imis dilatatis laciniis cuneiformibus, rachi nuda stipite squa- mato. (Tas. CCX XXVII.) Br. in Rich. App. p. 39. Haz. Great Bear Lake. Dr Richardson.—A very distinct species, always retaining the character above given by Mr Brown. Tas. CCXXXVII. Fig. 1. Pinna; f: 2. Sorus ; f. 3, 4. Capsules ; f. 5. Seeds :—magnified. 4. PHYSEMATIUM. Kauf. 1. P. obtusum.— Aspidium obtusum, Willd.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 21. and t. 43, b, p.—Ph. 260 FILICES. [Aspidium. Am. 2. p. 662.—Polypodium, Sw.— Woodsia Perriniana, Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. 1. t. 68.—Alsophila Perriniana, Spreng. Haz, West side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia, Drummond: and elsewhere on the higher parts of the Columbia. Douglas.— This is the Alsophila Perriniana of Sprengel, and it is perhaps by some mistake that it is said to be a native of St Thomas. It seems however to have a wide range in N. America, yet to be found nowhere plentifully.—' The Genus is distinguished from Woodsia, to which it is very nearly allied, by the presence of an hemispherical indusium which covers the whole sorus and then splits from the top into several lacinated segments, 5. CISTOPTERIS. Bernh. 1. C. fragilis, Bernh.— Athyrium, Rich. App. p. 39.—Cyathea, E. Bot, t. 1587,—Ph. —8. laciniis latioribus minus divisis. C. tenuis, Schott.—Aspidium tenue, Willd.— PA. —Nephrodium, Mz. -Har. Canada, Mrs Perceval, Goldie; to Slave Lake and to the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—This species varies a good deal in North America ; but not more so than it does in Europe. The C. tenuis is only a form with broader and less deeply divided laciniz. 2. C. montana, Link, — Aspidium, Sw.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 63. N Has. Shady alpine woods by streams in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—This is quite new to the Flora of N. America. The specimens entirely accord with Europzan ones. The species cannot indeed readily be mistaken, well marked as it is by its small exactly triangular and much divided frond, with the fructification precisely resembling that of C. fragilis.—May not the Aspidium atomarium, Muhl. and Willdenow, be a variety of this plant ? 3. C. bulbifera, Bernh.— Aspidium, Sw.—Schkh. Crypt. t. 51. —PA.—Nephrodium, Mz. . Haz. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Goldie. 6. ASPIDIUM. Sw. 1. A. (Lastrea) Thelypteris, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 1018. Schkh. Fil. t. 52.—A. thelyp- teroides, Sw.— Nephrodium, Mz.—Aspidium Noveboracense, Sw.—Ph.—Schkh. Fil. t. 46. Ha». Canada. Michauz. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard.—The A. Noveboracense is quite identical with A. Thelypteris. 2. A. (Lastrea) Goldianum, Hook. in Ed. Phil. Journ. 6. p. 333. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 102.—A. Filix Mas, Ph. Am. 2. p. 662. Has. Canada. Dr Holmes. About Montreal Goldie, Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard.—This is a most distinct species, and though apparently rarein British N. America, seems to be common in the United States, whence it is not unfrequently sent as A. Filiz Mas: and there is every reason to believe that this is what Pursh had in view for that plant. 3. A, (Lastrea) marginale, Willd.—Ph.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 45. b. Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. ` Aspidium.] FILICES. 261 - 4. A. (Lastrea) cristatum, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 2125 (not t. 1949.) Ph. Haz. Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—The specimens are barren, but the form of the plant is so remarkable, as to leave not the shadow of a doubt as to its being the real A. cristatum, which, more- over, is frequent in the United States. 5. A. (Lastrea) fragrans, Sw.— Hooh. in Parry's 2d Voy. App. p. 410. ARO Rich. App. p. 39. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 10. Haz. Saskatchawan to the Arctic Sea-coast and Islands. Dr Richardson. Sir E. Parry. Drummond.— Some of the specimens from about Bear Lake are nearly a foot in length. - A. (Lastrea) spinulosum, Willd.—E. Bot. t. 1460. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 57. Ph. Am. 2. p. 663. —A. intermedium? Willd.— Ph.—ß. A. dilatatum, Willd.—E. Bot. t. 1461. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 57. Ph. Am. 2. p. 663.—A. dumetorum, q Ar expansum, Presl, Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 38. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Canada, (Mrs Perceval, Lady Dalhousie) to the Kai Moun- tains. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Columbia River. Dr Scouler. Douglas.—ln America this plant, although at all times easily recognised, is as variable as in England ; and itis equally impossible, ás with us» to limit the marks of the varieties. 7. A. (Polystichum) Lonchitis, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 197. Has. Rocky Mountains. Drummond. ‘ 8. 4. (Polystichum) munitum (Kaulf.); frondibus pinnatis, pinnis lineari-lanceolatis spinoso-acuminatis subfalcatis basi sursum auriculatis mucronato-serratis, serraturis sub- appressis rarissime bidentatis, stipite rachique subtus et basin versus paleaceis.—Kaulf. Enum. p. 230. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 162, and 405.—Nephrodium Plumula, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 33. Haz, N. W. America. Menzies. Douglas. Dr Gairdner. Nutka. Mertens.—The most common of all Ferns on the N. W. Coast, between the parallels of 40° and 49? n. lat., in the moist grounds of the dark shady Pine Forests. The roots are roasted on the embers, and constitute an article of food. The fronds are used as garlands by the Indians. Douglas. 9. A. (Polystichum) acrostichoides, Sw.—Ph.—Schkh. Fil. t. 80. —Nephrodium, Mz, Haz. Canada. Mrs Perceval. Mrs Sheppard. 10. A. (Polystichum) aculeatum, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 1562. (ic. mal.) Hook. Br. Fl. ed. 4. p. 884.— A. vestitum, Sw.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 43. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 57. (et in Herb. ei Nephrodium setigerum, Presl, Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 37. ` Haz. Portage, and sources of the Columbia, west side of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Nutka. Haenhe. Sitcha. Mertens.—This is a rare plant in N. America; and the form is precisely that which I have characterized as the Asp. aculeatum in “ British Flora,” ed. 4. v. 1. p. 384, a state exactly intermediate between A. lobatum on the one hand, and A. angulare, Sm., on the other. Pursh records it as an inhabitant of the Green Mountains, Vermont; Mertens discovered it at Sitcha: and my correspondent, Dr W. F. Macrae of Montreal, Canada, has lately communicated specimens to me which he had the good fortune to : 262 FILICES. C Asplenium. detect in the Essex Mountains, State of New York. Dr Bongard's A. vestitum, which there is every reason to believe is the true vestitum of Sw., has the most perfect conformity with this and with Mr Drummond's specimens. 7. ONOCLEA. ZL. 1. O. sensibilis, L.— Mz. Am. 2. p. 212. Ph.—Schkh. Fil. t. 102. —8. O. obtusilobata, Schkh. Fil. t. 103,—Ph. Haz. Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. 8. STRUTHIOPTERIS. Willd. 1. S. Germanica, Willd.— Beck, Fl. p. 456.—Onoclea Struthiopteris, Schkh. Fil. t. 105, and O.nodulosa, ejusd. t. 104.—Osmunda Struthiopteris, Z.—Struthiopteris Pennsylvanica, Willd.— Ph. Am. p. 666. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Douglas.—After a very careful com- parison of the N. American Struthiopteris with the European, I am compelled to consider them, as Dr Beck has already done, one and the same species. 9. ATHYRIUM. Presi.’ 1. A. Filiz foemina, Hoth. — Asplenium, BernA.—Nephrodium, Mx.—Aspidium, Sw.— E. Bot. t. 1459. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 58.—Asplenium Athyrium, Schkuhr, Fil. t. 18.—Aspi- dium asplenioides, Sw.—Ph.—Nephrodium, Mz.—. fronde angustiore. Aspidium angus- tum, Willd.—Ph. —Athyrium angustum, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 39.—7. fronde angusta oblongo-lanceolata rigidiore, pinnis pinnulisque remotioribus. Haz, «. and £, Throughout Canada, Goldie, Mrs Perceval, Lady Dalhousie; to the Saskatchawan and to the alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—8. Nutka. Mertens.—y. Common on the N. W. Coast, by the shady banks of streams.—This species in America, as in Europe, varies in the breadth of its fronds: the Columbian var. is the most striking of these forms, but it is evidently not a distinct species. : 10. ASPLENIUM. Z. 1. A. (Camptosorus) rhizophyllum, L.— Mx.— Ph. Am. 2. p. 666. Haz, Canada. Pursh, Goldie, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The reticulated venation of this plant, forming oblong hexagonal areola, is very remarkable, and quite different from that of any other Asplenium, but very similar to some of the exotic Scolopendria, with which the plant agrees in its undivided fronds. Presl has constituted of it the genus Camptosorus. 2. A. Trichomanes, L.—E. Bot. t. 516. Mx.—A. melanocaulon, Willd.—Ph. Haz. Canada, Pursh, Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval; to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Damp rocks of the Columbia and Puget's Sound. Douglas. 3. A. viride; fronde pinnata pinnis rotundato-ovatis obtuse serratis basi cuneatis, rachi concolore. Huds.—E. Bot. t. 392. Haz. Moist shady rocks on the Rocky Mountains. Drummond,— This is quite new to America. Ls Pteris.] FILICES. - ; 263 4. A. ebeneum, Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 666.— A. polypodioides, Sw.—A. trichomanoides, Mz. Has. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. 5. A. marinum; fronde pinnata, pinnis oblongis obtusis inciso-serratis basi superiore rotundata et subauriculata inferiore truncata.— L,—Z. Bot. t. 150. Has. New Brunswick. E. N. Kendal, Esq.— This species again is now, for the first time, ascertained to be a native of N. America. It may perhaps be frequently found among maritime rocks. I have specimens I can scarcely distinguish from it, from the West Indies. ] 1l. BLECHNUM. L. 1. B. boreale, Sw.—E. Bot. t. 1159. Ph. Am. 2. p. 669. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 58.— Lomaria spicant, Desv. — Presl. — Lomaria crenata, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1. p. 51. Haz. N. W. Coast. M. Lewis. (Ph.) Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. Nutka. Mertens.—Iam aware that an opinion prevails that this plant should be referred to Zomaria (Stegania, Br.) : but the indusium is certainly not marginal, "The fructification may be considered that of Blechnum, the habit that of Lomaria. 2. B. doodioides; fronde elongata lanceolata pinnata, pinnis suboppositis basi lata ex- auriculata lato-lineari-oblongis sensim acuminatis paululum falcatis versus apicem obscure serratis infimis parvis rotundatis superioribus multo angustioribus soriferis, soris continuis vel seepissime interruptis. Haz. Interior of N. W. America. Douglas.—Of this plant two specimens were sent to me by the late Dr Gairdner, (then resident at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia,) which were gathered in the interior, by Mr Douglas: but whether in the Hudson’s Bay territories, or, as is possible, in N. California, Iam uncertain. I am disposed to believe in the former country, because there is nothing of the kind in Mr Douglas’ Californian Her- barium. It is a very distinct plant, almost combining the character of Woodwardia, or Doodia, with those of Blechnum. The veins are obliquely parallel with the costa, forked, and not anastomosing in the sterile pinne: when the fructification appears, the lower branch of a vein anastomoses with the vein immediately above it, and in the interior of that vein (next the costa) the sorus is formed. In the lower of the fertile pinne, the indusium frequently ‘stands unconnected and more or less distant, as in Woodwardia, but gene- rally forming a continued line, from the union of the adjoining indusia. The stipes is dark purple, the upper (fertile) pinnz are so narrow that the sori occupy nearly the whole surface, as in B. boreale. ; 12. PTERIS. Z. 1. P. aquilina, L.—E. Bot. t. 1619. Ph. Am. 2. p. 688. Agardh, Recens. Sp. Gen. Pier, p. 49.— P. caudata, PA.— 8. lanuginosa ; fronde subtus dense tomentosa. Bong. Veget. Sitcha, p. 58.—P. lanuginosa, Hook. et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 405.—non Bory ? et Agardh? Es | Has. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Canada. Pursh, Mrs Sheppard, Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchawan. Drummond.— 8. Very common from Cape Mendocino to Puget Sound, and in the open woods and undulating grounds in the interior of Columbia. Douglas. 264 FILICES. [Dicksonia. 2. P. (Allosorus) atro-purpurea, L.—Mx.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 100. Ph.—P. gracilis, _ var. nana? Rich. App. p. 39. Haz. Canada to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. Dr Richardson. Dr d. Dougl cd 3. P. (Allosorus) gracilis; tenuis, fronde lanceolata, sterili pinnata pinnis pinnatifidis laciniis paucis late ovatis obtusissimis tenuissimis, fertili bipinnata pinnis lineari-oblongis .crenatis, rachi concolore, stipite atro-fusco nitidissimo.—Mz. Am. 2. p. 262. Ph. Am. 2. p. 668.— Cheilanthes, Kaulf.— Spr. Haz. Canada, Michaux, Goldie; to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. Dr Richardson.—This is a very distinct species, though sometimes confounded with the preceding. 13. CRYPTOGRAMMA. Br. 1. C. acrostichoides (Br.) ; frondibus bipinnatifidis, sterilium pinnulis ovalibus crenatis, fertilium demum explanatis, soris linearibus discum totum occupantibus. Br. in Rich. App. p. 39. et p. 54. Hook. et Gren Ic. Fil. t. 29. Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 58.— Allosorus, Presl. Haz. Nutka Sound. Menzies. Stony places in the Rocky Mountains, but rare : to the sources of the Columbia, Drummond, and thence to the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, and the mountains of Macgillivray's River. Douglas. Cumberland House Fort to Bear Lake. .Dr Richardson. 2. C. crispa, Br.— Hook. Brit. Fl. ed. 4.p.389.— Allosorus crispus, Bernh.— Kaulf. Enum, p. 143. , Has. Unalaschka. Chamisso.—May this not be the previous species ? 14. ADIANTUM, Z. ES l. A. pedatum, L.—Mzu. Am. 2. p. 263. Schk. Fil. t. 115. Ph. Haz, Canada. Michauz. Pursh. Mrs Sheppard. Lake Huron. Dr Todd. Columbia River, N. W. Coast. Dr Gairdner. Dr Scouler. Douglas. 15. CHEILANTHES, Sw. 1. C. vestita, Sw.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 610.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 124.—Nephrodium lanosum, Mich. Am. 2. p. 270. Haz. Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. New Caledonia, N. W. Am. Douglas. 16. DICKSONIA. Z’Herit. 1. D. pilosiuscula, Willd. Enum. p. 484. Ph. Am. p. 671.—D. pubescens, Schkuhr, Fil. t. 131.—Aspidium punctilobum, Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 664.—Nephrodium punctilobum, Mz. Has, Canada. Dr Holmes. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Botrychium.] ` FILICES. 265 Tris. II. OsmunDaceEz. 17. OSMUNDA. LZ. l. O. spectabilis, Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 658.—O. regalis, 8. L.—O. regalis, Mx. ^ Has. Canada. Pursh. Mrs Perceval, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—The nearly equal bases of the leaflets distinguish this species from our O. regalis; and it is found in South as well as in North America, retaining the same characters. 2. O. cinnamomea, L.—Mx.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 657. Schkuhr, Fil. p. 146.—O. Claytoniana ? Willd.—Ph.—8. frondibus majoribus, rachi magis alata. O.alata, Hook. in Ed. Phil. Journ. v. 6. p. 332. Has. Canada. Goldie. Mrs Sheppard. Mrs Perceval. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton.—f. Montreal. Goldie. 3. O. interrupta, Mx. Am. 2. p. 273.—Ph.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 144. Has. Canada. Michaux. Mrs Perceval. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. 18. SCHILZ EA, Sw. 1. S. pusilla, Ph.—Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 47.—S. filifolia, De la Pyl.—S. australis, Gaud. FI. des Isles Malouines. Ha». Newfoundland. De la Pylaie.—For a long time this very rare and beautiful little plant has been believed to be peculiar to one locality, Pine Barrens, near Quaker’s Bridge, New Jersey, in the United States. But in 1825 it was stated at Paris, that the same Fern (as ascertained by a comparison instituted by M. Victor Jacquemont) had been discovered in Newfoundland, by M. de la Pylaie, and by M. Gaudichaud in the Falkland Islands. Tris. III. OpurocrosskEx. Br. 19. BOTRYCHIUM. Sw. l..B. Lunaria, Soi. Bot, t. 818. Haz, About Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson, to the Rocky Mountains; in the wet prairies. Drummond.—I believe this species had not been found before in the New World. 2. B. simplex, Hitch. in Sill. Journ. 6. p. 103. Hook, et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 82. Has. Canada. Pursh. (in Herb. nostr.) Mr Cleghorn. Between Cumberland House Fort and Hudson's Bay. Drummond. 3. B. obliquum, Muhl.—Ph. Am. p. 655. Has. About Hudson's Bay, (York Factory,) and on the * Height of Land" in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Newfoundland, Dr Morrison. VOL. II. 2r 266 LYCOPODINEE. [Zycopodium. 4. B. silaifolium (Presl); fronde radicali tripinnata, pinnis primariis secundariisque petiolatis, pinnulis subsessilibus ovatis crenato-dentatis inferioribus sublobatis, scapo nudo, panicula coarctata. Presl, Relig. Haenk. 1. p. 16. Haz. Nutka. Mertens.— This species is quite. unknown to me. 5. B. Virginicum, Sv. — Ph. Am, 9. p. 656. Schkuhr, Fil. t. 156.— Botrypus, Mx.—Bo- trychium gracile, PA. Haz. Canada, Michauz, Goldie; from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Columbia River, N. W. America. Dr Scouler. On». IIl. LYCOPODINEZE. Sw. 1. LYCOPODIUM. Z. A. ExsTIPULATAE. * Axillares ; capsulis azillaribus. 1. L, Selago, L.—E. Bot. t. 233. Hook. in Parrys 2d Voy. App. p. 261. Beck, Fl. p. 462.—8. foliis angustioribus saepe squarrosis. L. recurvum, Willd. Haz. From Hudson's Bay (York Factory) to the Rocky Mountains, and to the extreme Arctic shores and islands. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sir E. Parry, &c. Labrador. Dr Morrison. Miss Brenton. West side of the Rocky Mountains near the sources of the Columbia. Douglas.—f£. N. W. America. From Observatory Inlet, Millbank Sound, to Stikine. Dr couler. Tolmie. 2. L. lucidulum, Mich. Am. 2. p. 284.—Ph.—Schkh. Fil. t. 159.—L. reflexum. Sw. Haz, Canada to the Saskatchawan. Drummond. + Spicis sessilibus. 3. L. dendroideum, Mx. Am. 2. p. 282. Ph.—Hook. Ex. Fil. t. 1. Has, Canada. Pursh, Mrs Perceval, Mrs Sheppard; to the Saskatchawan, and to Hudson's Bay. Drummond. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. Dee EN Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies. 4. L, annotinum, L.—E. Bot. t. 1127. Ph. Am. 2. p. 653.—an L. bryophyllum, Haenke. Haz. Canada. Pursh, Mrs Perceval, Lady Dalhousie; to Slave Lake. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. N, W. Am. Observatory Inlet, Dr Scouler; to Millbank Sound. Tolmie. 5. L. sabinafolium (Willd.); caule elongato repente, ramis erectis brevibus dense Lycopodium.] LYCOPODINEZ. 267 fastigiatim dichotome divisis, foliis undique imbricatis nunc quadrifariis æqualibus erectis tereti-subulatis aristato-acuminatis, spicis sessilibus eylindraceis solitariis, squamis cor- dato-acuminatis patentibus integerrimis. (Tas. CCXX XVIII.) Hook. et Grev. Lycop. in Bot. Miscell. 2. p. 311.—L. alpinum, Mz. Has. Canada. Michaux. Banks of the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack.— With the habit of L. alpinum, the species has totally different leaves and a different insertion of those leaves, Here they are all equal, and imbricated on all sides, or occasionally in 4 rows. Tas. CCXXXVIII.—Fig. 1. Portion of a branch; f: 2. Spike of fructification; f. 3. Scale from the spike with a capsule, posterior view; f. 4. Side view of a scale with the capsule :—magnified. 6. L. selaginoides, L.—E. Bot. t. 1148. Mx.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 654. Has. Canada. Michaux. Saskatchawan. Drummond.—The few specimens, gathered by Mr Drummond, are all I have seen of American origin. Dr Greville and myself were unquestionably wrong in referring the L. bryophyllum of Haenke to this species ; it may probably belong to a dwarf state of L. annotinum. 7. L. inundatum, L.—E. Bot. t. 239. Ph. Am. 2. p. 653. Haz. Canada, Pursh. 8. L. rupestre, L.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 165. Ph. Am. 9. p. 654.—8. ramis longissimis, foliis laxioribus. L. struthioloides, Presl, Relig. Hank. 1. p. 82.. Haz. Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond.—8. N. W. Am. Douglas. Observatory Inlet. Dr Scouler. +t Spieis pedunculatis. 9. L. clavatum, L.—E. Bot. t. 224. Ph. Am. 2. p. 652.—8. monostachyon; spica soli- taria, pedunculis brevibus. Hook. et Grev. Lycop. in Bot. Misc. v. 2. p. 875.—y. tristachyon, spicis subternis, ramis fastigiatis, foliis subintegerrimis. L. clavatum, Mz.—L. aristatum, y. tristachyon, utt. — Hook. et Grev. l.c. p. 816. L. tristachyon, Nutt. (non Ph.)—. foliis omnino integerrimis muticis. Has. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. Throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Interior of the Columbia. Douglas.—f. Rocky Mountains, north of the Smoking River. Drummond.—3. N. W. America, from Observatory Inlet, Dr Scouler, to Stikine ; and on Mount Rainier. Zolmie.—A very variable plant, and very extensively distributed over many parts of the world. B. SrıpuLate. * Ramis compressis cum foliis distichis decurrentibus coadunatis, stipulis uniseriatis. 10. L. complanatum, L.—Schkh. Fil. t. 168. Ph. Am, 2. p. 652.—L. tristachyon, Ph. (non Nutt.) Has. Canada. Pursh. Goldie. Mrs Perceval. From Lake‘ Huron, Dr Todd, to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Dr Morrison. N. W. Coast of America. Menzies. - 268 SALVINIACER. < i LAzolia. 11. L. alpinum, L.—E. Bot. t. 234. Has. Elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. ** Foliis distichis, stipulis biseriatis semper superioribus. 12. L. Douglasii; repens dichotome ramosum, foliis distichis ovalibus uninerviis nitidis integerrimis, stipulis conformibus paululum falcatis apiculatis, spicis- terminalibus cylin- draceis, squamis cordato-acuminatis inferne ciliatis. Hook. et Grev. in Bot. Misc. v. 12. p. 396.—L. ovalifolium. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 177. (non Desv.) Haz, Near springs in woody places, N. W. America. Douglas.— An extremely distinct and well-marked species, which I have never received from any collector except Mr Douglas. Orv. III. MARSILEACEA. Br. 1. ISOETES. ZL. 1. I. lacustris, L.—E. Bot.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 671. Haz. Saskatchawan. Drummond. 2. MARSILEA. Z. 1. M. vestita; foliolis cuneatis subobliquis petiolisque appresso-hirsutis, involucris ovalibus hirsutis axillaribus pedunculo subseque longis. Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 159. Has. Common on Menzies’ Island and sandy banks of the Columbia, near the Grand Rapids. Douglas. Dr Scouler.— The same species is found at Talisco, Mexico, by the Naturalists of Capt. Beechey's Voyage. On». IV. SALVINIACEJE. Bartl. : 1. SALVINIA. L. 1. S. natans, L.—Schkuhr, Fil. t. 173. Ph. Am. 2. p. 612. Haz. Floating on stagnant waters, Canada, Pursh. 2. AZOLLA. Lam. 1. A. Caroliniana, Willd. Sp. Pl. p. 451. Ph. Am. 2. p. 672.—A. microphylla, Kaujf. — Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 162. : Has. Canada, on the still waters of Lake Ontario. Pursh.—I have not seen British North American specimens of this singular aquatic. But I do not think the Californian 4. microphylla of Kaulfuss differs from this, nor this probably from the original 4, Magellanica. i Equisetum.] : EQUISETACEE. ; 269 Orv. V. EQUISETACEZ. Rich. 1. EQUISETUM. Z. 1. E. fluviatile, L.—E. Bot. t. 2022. Hook, et Arn. in Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 404. Has. N. W. America. Columbia River. Dr Scouler; who observes that the young shoots are eaten in the Spring as asparagus.— This species extends south into California ; and Dr Beck gives it as an inhabitant of Buffalo, N. York, and of the shores of Lake Ontario. 2. E. sylvaticum, L.—E. Bot. t. 1874. Ph. Am. 2. p. 651. Haz. Canada. Cleghorn, Lady Dalhousie; to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. Dr Richardson, Drummond. Newfoundland. Miss Brenton. Mr Cormack. New Brunswick. Mr Kendal. 3. E. umbrosum; caulibus sterilibus pluristriatis superne scabris verticillatim ramosis, ramis strictiusculis summis subcorymbosis, fertilibus simplicibus demum elongatis verti- cillatim ramosis ut in sterilibus.— Meyer in Willd. Sp. Pl. 5. p. 3. Has. Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains. Drummond. Canada. Mrs Perceval.— The young fertile specimens of this plant from the Rocky Mountains, are marked “ Æ. Drummondii, Hook.” (Brit. Fl. ed. 4. p. 393, et E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2777): and indeed at first sight I could perceive no difference: but on examining these specimens carefully, I found on several of them incipient branches, budding out from the base of the sheaths. There cannot be a doubt, therefore, but these belong to the same species as the specimens from Carlton House Fort, which Dr Richardson has correctly named ** E. umbrosum,” Meyer and Willd., and which exhibit fertile and sterile branches from the same creeping root, both throwing out the horizontal branches. There are likewise fully developed sterile stems in the collection. Now these last, and the simple (unbranched) fertile plants, are so like our British E. Drummondii, that if we only suppose our fertile plants of the latter not sufficiently advanced to throw out the branches (and there are comparatively few specimens which have yet come under my observation), we shall see that the two so-called species are identical, and the name of Drummondii must give place to umbrosum. Willdenow notices its affinity to E. sylvaticum :— that is, in the peculiarity of the fertile stems throwing off the spike and then branching and becoming similar to the sterile ones : for the two species are totally distinct. 4. E. arvense, L.—E. Bot. t. 2020. Ph. Am. 2. p. 651. Has. Lake Huron, Dr Todd; to the Rocky Mountains and the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. > 5. E. limosum, L.— E. Bot. t. 929. Beck, Fl. p. 446.—E. uliginosum, Willd.? Ph. Am. ` 2, p. 651.—8. Candelabrum; ramorum verticillis numerosis superioribus plurimis spici- geris. ; . Haz, Watery places of the Saskatchawan; and 8, growing in water about Winipeg. Dr Richardson. Drummond.— The var. ß. has a very curious appearance; it bears copious whorls about 2 inches long, 16- 20 branches in a whorl, and 7 or 8 of these upper whorls bearing spikes, which are much smaller and much less advanced than the terminal one of the stem. 6. E. palustre, L.—E. Bot. t. 2021. 270 EQUISETACEA. : [Eguisstum: Has. Canada; from Lake Huron, Dr Todd, Mr Cleghorn, Mrs Perceval; to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Sir John Franklin. Capt. Back. 7. E. hyemale, L.—E. Bot. t. 915. Ph. Am. 2. p. 652. Hook. et Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 404. | Has. Lake Huron, (Dr Todd,) to the Slave Lake: and from Hudson's Bay to the Western Ocean, (Columbia), Douglas. Dr Scouler. 8. E. variegatum, L.—E. Bot. t. 915.—8. minus, caulibus debilibus flexuosis. E. scir- poides, Mz. Am. 2. p. 281. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 652. Has. Frequent in Canada, Goldie, Mrs Perceval ; and thence to the Saskatchawan, Dr Richardson, Drummond ; and to the Arctic Islands. Sir E. Parry.—s. about the Saskatchawan.— The two forms of this plant above alluded to are also found in Europe. 2 > D INDEX TO THE + ORDERS, GENERA, SPECIES, AND SYNONYMS, FIRST AND SECOND VOLUMES OF THE FLORA BOREALI-AMERICANA. Abies alba, Mx. . balsamifera, Mx. Canadensis, Mx. nigra, Mx. ABRONIA, Juss. . arenaria, Hook. mellifera, Dougl. . Menziesii, Dougl. vespertina, Dougl. AcALYPHA, L. . Virginica, Z. . Acer, Mench, . barbatum, Mz. circinnatum, Pursh, (Tan. XXXIX. ) dasycarpum, Willd. microphyllum, Pursh, XXXVIII.) montanum, Ait. Negundo, L. . Pennsylvanieum, Z. rubrum, Z. y saccharinum, E. spicatum, Lam. striatum, Lam. VOL. II. E 9 P "EE E H — Fa Fa Eat reg te eat ke PAGE 163 163 164 163 124 125 125 125 125 141 141 111 113 112 - 118 112 111 114 111 114 113 111 111 AcrnINEX, DC. Acuittza, L. . Millefolium, Z. multiflora, Hook, Ptarmica, Rich. tomentosa, Sm. Acutys, DC. . triphylla, D C. (Taz. XIL) ACOTYLEDONEA . Acorus, Z. Calamus, Z. Aconrrum, L. Cammarum, Bieb. _ Fischeri, Reich. Napellus, Z. nasutum, Spreng. Actma, L. 3 S alba, Big. 3 RE Americana, «. Pursh, B. Pursh, brachypetala, DC. B. DC. Cimicifuga, AS pachypoda, Ell, 4 num mu rom EE m ra 8 274 palmata, DC. í racemosa, L. . rubra, Willd. . spicata, a. Mx. ' B. Mx. Actinella — Pursh, Adenarium pepl bicolor, Hook. ADIANTUM, L. pedatum, L. . Aprumıa, Rafin. cirrhosa, Rafn. Abonis, Dill. autumnalis, di Apoxa, L. moschatellina, X Ageratum altissimum, Willd. AGRIMONIA, Tourn. Eupatoria, L. . parviflora, Ait. striata, Mx. . AcnosTEMMA, L. Githago, L. . Acnosris, L. alba, Z i algida, Soland. canina, L. s Cinna, Lam. . as Drummondii, Torr. exarata, Trin. laxiflora, Rich. Michauzii, Trin. polymorpha, Huds. racemosa, Mx, rubra, Z. Y setosa, Muhl. . tenacissima, Jacq. vulgaris, L. Aıra, L. P alpina, Vahl. . aquatica, L, . , Rafin. ADENOCAULON, Hook. . atro-purpurea, Wahl. . cespitosa, L. . cristata, L. . Danthonioides, Trin. elongata, Hook. (Tas. CCXXVIIL) 4 e EI RR ko ba ra ta ta ba a bai ba ta tra ba ra Ne eH RR ee ee 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 INDEX. PAGE 239 240 240 237 flexuosa, L. latifolia, Hook. (TAB. melicoides, Mx. melicoides, Mx. obtusata, Mx. . truncata, Mx. ALCHEMILLA, Tourn. vulgaris, Z. ArisMACEE, Br. Arısma, L. S natans, L. parviflora, Pot; Plantago, L. . subulata, Willd. trivialis, Pursh, Allionia hirsuta, Pursh, ALLIUM, L. acuminatum, Hook. (Tas. Coen? angulosum, Pursh, Canadense, L. cernuum, Roth, = Douglasii, Hook. (Tas. CXCVIL) reticulatum, Fras. (Tas. CXCV.) Scheenoprasum, L. ‚Sibiricum, L. . stellatum, Fras. (Tas. CXCIV.) stellatum, B. Gawl. striatum, Jacq. Allosorus acrostichoides, Kaulf. crispus, Bernh. Atnus, L. $ castaneefolia, Doug). crispa, Ait. glutinosa, Gertn. glutinosa, Rich, incana, Wiild. incana glabrifolia, H. rubra, Bong. viridis, DC. `. undulata, Willd. ALOPECURUS, Roth, alpinus, Sm. aristulatus, Mz. cespitosus, Trin. fulvus, Sm. geniculatus, Z. geniculatus, B. Torr. E] TO BÀ BO BO LO dO BO dO bO BD bO LO b) BO LO HO LO UO PO BO BO LO tO PO BO PO DO PO tO PO dO PO (O0 BO PO PO dO PO PD — KH JO BO CO ÀPO dO IDE CCXXVIL) et A. pratensis, Z. . . subaristatus, Pursh. Alsophila Perriniana, Spreng. . Alsine media, L. ; rubella, Wahl. Atyssum, DC. . ` arcticum, Fl. Dan. dentatum, ZVutt. hyperboreum, Z. > Ludovicianum, Nutt. AMARANTHACEA, Juss. . AMARANTHUS, L, albus, Z. paniculatus, Z. Ambrosia, L. acanthicarpa, Hook. elatior, L. ; paniculata, Mz. e trifida, L. $ H AMELANCHIER, Medik. . Botryapium, DC. . grandiflora, Dougl. . ovalis, DC. =. S parviflora, Dougl. sanguinea, Lindl. . Amellus spinulosus ? Pursh. villosus, Pursh. E AMENTACEA, Juss. í A ? th Ni Halli: EES Auui, L. > majus, L. . . AmmornıLa, Host. $ arundinacea, Host. d Amorrma, L. . $ canescens, Nutt. fruticosa, L. . : microphylla, Ee $ nana, Nutt. . * nana? Sims, . ' . AMPELIDEE, H. et K. . AwrzLorsis, Mz. . quinquefolia, Mz. . AMPHICARPJEA, Ell. A monoica, Ell. . AMPLECTRUM, Nutt. hyemale, Nutt. Anchusa hirta, Muhl. INDEX. PAGE 234 canescens, Muhl. e 233 Virginica, L. 260 ANDROMEDA, Z. 94 ceerulea, L. 100 calyculata, Z. 49 cupressina, Hook. 48 hypnoides, Z. / 49 ligustrina, Muhl. . 49 lycopodioides, Pall. 48 paniculata, L. 125 polifolia, Z. 125 racemosa, Mz. K 125 Stelleriana, Pall. (Tas. CXXXI.) 125 taxifolia, Pall. 4 309 tetragona, L. . . 309 ANDROPOGON, L. . 309 avenaceus, Mz, 309 dissitiflorus, Mx. R 26 furcatus, Muhl. e 202 nutans, L.? . $ 202 purpurascens, Muhl. . 202 scoparius, Mz. . 202 Anprosace, L, . 202 Chamejasme, Wulff. . 203 elongata, Rich. 2% 22 occidentalis? Nutt. . 22 septentrionalis, L. . 144 Anemone, L. . g 177 aconitifolia, Mx. 261 alpina, L. > . 261 apiifolia, Willd. 3 241 arctica, Fisch. S 241 Baldensis, L. . 5 139 borealis, Rich. 139 cuneifolia, Juss, 139 deltoidea, Hook. (Tas. Il. A) 139 dichotoma, L. 139 Fischeriana, DC. 2 139 Jragifera, Jacq. . 114 Hepatica, L. * 114 Hepatica, Spreng. 114 Hudsoniana, Herb. Banks, 161 Hudsoniana, B. Rich. . 161 lancifolia, Pursh. $ 194 Ludoviciana, Nutt. . 194 multifida, Poir. 88 multifida, y. DC. 3 E D M bet - Kei NN en eeeeooopeoomé zz 276 narcissiflora, Z nemorosa, L, Nuttalliana, DC: parviflora, Mz. patens, Z. Pennsylvanica, L. (Tas. III. B) quinquefolia, L. . Richardsoni, Hook. (Tas. IV. A) ranunculoides, var.? Rich. sanguinea, Pursh. — . sulphurea, L. . tenella, Herb. Banks. thalictroides, L. . triloba, «. Pursh. E triloba B. Big. umbellata, Willd. Virginiana, Z. (Tas. IV. B. y AwaELICA, Hoffm. S Archangelica, L. atro-purpurea, Z. lucida, Z. triquinata, Mz. triquinata, Big. € Anonymos aquatica, Walt, ANTENNARIA, Br. alpina, Br. Carpatica, Br.‘ dioica, Br, : į margaritacea, Br. S ; plantaginifolia, Br. . racemosa, Hook. . . ANTHEMIS, L. 2 Cotula, Z. E i ANTRERICUM, L. serotinum, L. . ANTHOXANTHUM, L. odoratum, a Antiphylla spathulata, Bag Antirrhinum Linaria, L. Canadense, L. A Anycuia, Mz. `. e Canadensis, EU. dichotoma, Mx. Arancıa, Schreb. autumnalis, Willd. . Aptos, Boerh. . à tuberosa, Mench. ` VOL, bei ` Feat ` bes ` Feat ` Fei ` Ft ` Ft ` Fei ` ke ` be M ba ra c rn be ka HR ra H dp Ri o — ei ba Fa ba ba Fa Fa ra ra ke Fa ra ra Fra m ta rar td rg 4 INDEX. PAGE 8 Apium bipinnatum, Walt. . 6 ternatum, Pall. & x 4 APocYNEEX, Br. A y 5 APocyNuM, Br. . E androseemifolium, L. 8 cannabinum, Z. (Tas. CXXXIX) 6 cannabinum, Mx. s 6 hypericifolium, Ait. (Tas, CXL.) 6 pubescens, Torrey i . 17 Sibiricum, Jacq. ` = P AQUILEGIA, L. ; : e š brevistyla, L. . s ` 4 Canadensis, L.- . . 9 vulgaris? Rich. ~ S 9 Arasıs, L. E : 8 alpina, Z. d > . 1 ambigua, DC. 3 d 266 Canadensis, L. : 8 267 falcata, Mx. . d ý 267 grandiflora, Willd. 267 hirsuta, Scop. . : $ 267 lævigata, D C. , . 267 lyrata, L, ^ s d 219 lyrata, L. E : 329 nudicaulis, DC. 329 petrea, Lam. . 329 retrofracta, Grah. ` 329 rhomboidea, Pers. $ A 329 stricta, Huds. . 3 è 330 tuberosa, Pers. 330 ARALIACEA, Juss. . 318 Aratia, Don. . 318 erinacea, Hook. 183 hispida, Mz. 183 nudicaulis, L. . 235 racemosa, L. 235 Arsurus, L. 243 alpina, Z 94 laurifolia, L. 94 Menziesii, Pursh, 226 procera, Dougl. 226 tomentosa, Pursh, (Tan. CXXX.) 226 Uva-Ursi, E 296 AncEUTHOBIUM, Bieb. `. 296 Oxycedri, Bieb. (Tas. XCIX.) 161 ARCHANGELICA, Hoffm. . x 161 Gmelini, D C. a B momo on dO dO BO PO PO A Hmmm ron om no non norm moror» dO dO UO PO PO FO IO I2 A B Mitostaphglis tomentosa, Dougl. officinalis, Hoffm. triquinata, Hoffm. Arctium, L. : Bardana, Sw. Lappa, Z ARENARIA, L. arctica, Steven, ( TAR. XXIV. A. B.) buxifolia, Poir. Canadensis, Pers. fasciculata, Pursh. Franklinii, Doug. (Tas. XXXV.) hirta, Wormsk. suniperina, Sm. laricifolia, Z lateriflora, L (Tas. XXXVL) macrocarpa, Pursh. EI O d o ME macrophylla, Hook. (Tas. XXXVIL A.B.) nardifolia, Ledeb. Tas, XXXII) peploides, Z physodes, DC. propinqua,. Rich. -Pumilio, Br. Purshiana, DC. quadrivalvis, Br. Rossii, Br. rubella, Hook. * rubra, Z stricta, Mz. (Tas. XXXIIL) thymifolia, Pursh. verna, L. ARETHUSA, ge": bulbosa, L. 2 ophioglossoides, L. parviflora, Mx. pendula, Willd. trianthophora, Sw. ARISTOLOCHIEJE, Juss. Arnica, L. * alpina, Less. . angustifolia, Vahl. D Chamissonis, Less.? . cordifolia, Hook. fulgens, Pursh. ? maritima, Z. Menziesii, Hook. H be IS Crib uc i yu E im oc c EN ES INDEX. PAGE 1 Ze 267 mollis, Hook. . 267 montana, L. . 301 montana, p. L. 801 obtusifolia, Less. ? 301 plantaginea, Pursh. 37 Unalaschhiana, Less. ? 97 ARorpEz, Br. 100 Aronia arbutifolia, Ell. 101 arbutifolia, 6. Torr. 98 Botryapium, Pers. 101 melanocarpa, Ell. 101 ovalis, Pers. -99 pyrifolia, Pers. 98 sanguinea, Nutt. 98 Artemisia, L. 102 arctica, Besser. 101 arctica, Less. . biennis, Willd. 102 borealis, Pall. 98 ceespitosa, Less. 102 cana, Pursh. 103 Canadensis, Mx. 97 Chamissoniana, Bess.’ . -100 Columbiensis, Nutt. 102 desertorum, Spreng. 100 discolor, Dougl. 100 Douglasiana, Bess. 100 Dracunculus, Z 98 frigida, Willd. 99 glomerata, Less. 102 Hispanica, Jacq. 99 Hookeriana, Bess. 201 Indica, Willd. 201 integrifolia, Rich. 201 Lindleyana, Bess. 202 longifolia, Nutt. 202 Ludoviciana, Bess. 202 matricarioides, Less. . 139 Michauxiana, Bess. 330 Nuttalliana, Bess. 330 Prescottiana, Bess. 330 Purshiana, Bess. . 330 spithamea, Pursh, . 331 Tilesii, Ledeb. $ 331 virgata, Rich. 331 virgata, Rich. 331 vulgaris, Z. < EE EE geg e po Ga aa o all a vi Go Ga ll Ei Ei e EO E a ge D 278 Arum, L. : E triphyllum, EC : f Arundo arenaria, L. Canadensis, Mx. : ` neglecta, Ehrh. è ` Phragmites, L. stricta, L. : strigosa, Wahl. AsanuM, L. 2 Canadense, L. ASCLEPIADEX, Br. AscrEPIas, Br. . Douglasii, Hook. (Tas. CXLIL) hybrida, NE + D incarnata, Z. lanceolata, Juss. longifolia, Mx. ? nivea, L. obovata, Ell. phytolaccoides, Lyon. quadrifolia, Jacq. Syriaca, Z. tuberosa, L. variegata, L. . variegata, 8. Hook. (Tan. CXLI. y verticillata, Z. (Tas. CXLIV.) viridiflora, Raf. (Tas. CH AsPHODELEX, L. Aspipium, Sw. , acrostichoides, Sw. aculeatum, Sw. ; angustum, Willd. asplenioides, Sw. bulbiferum, Sw. cristatum, Sw. dilatatum, Willd. dumetorum, Sw. Š 4 fragrans, Sw. . Filiz femina, Sw. : 3 Filiz Mas, Pursh. Goldianum, Hook. intermedium? Willd. Lonchitis, Sw. marginale, Willd. montanum, Sw. munitum, Kaulf. Noveboracense, Sw. E] S BO BO bO tO BO bO LO BO BO bO bO BO BO bO tO BO BO BO LO DO BO bo BO b hO BO bO bO bO BO hO bO LO |O PO tO bO 5O PO [O jO DO NHN PO (D MD INDEX PAGE 168 obtusum, Willd. 168 punctilobum, Willd. 241 spinulosum, Willd. 240 tenue, Willd. 240 Thelypteris, Sw. 241 thelypteroides, Sw. 240 vestitum, Sw. 241 AsPLENIUM, L. . 139 Athyrium, Schk. 139 ebeneum, Willd. 52 Filiz femina, Bernh. . 592 . marinum, L. 53 melanocaulon, Willd. 52 polypodioides, Sw. 53 rhizophyllum, Z 53 Trichomanes, L. 53 trichomanoides, Mx. 53 viride, Huds. . d “53 AsPRELLA, Humb. S 53 Hystrix, Willd. 53 oryzoides, Lam. 52 Aster, Cass. $ 54 acuminatus, Wees, = 52 adulterinus, Vees, x 59 alpinus, Z. 54 amplexicaulis, Wees, 53 amplus, Lindi. S 183 amygdalinus, Lam. 260 annuus, L. . S 261 ascendens, Lindl. 3 261 biflorus, Wees, 262 bellidiflorus, Wees, 262 blandus, Herb. Banks, 260 ciliatus, Willd. 261 ciliolatus, Lindl. = 261 concinnus, /Vees, 261 conspicuus, Lindl. 261 cordifolius, Wees, 262 Cornuti, Nees, 260 corymbosus, Ait. 260 cyaneus, Wees, : 261 diffusus, Wees, 261 divaricatus, L. E 260 divergens, Vees, s 260 divergens, B. Nutt. . 261 divergens, y. Nutt. * 260 Douglasii, Lindl. $ 3 F T MD ho D NO bO HO bO HOO HO ÀO bo BO bO LO bO bo bO BO PO BO BO bo bO ho bO BO bO bO hO bO BO De SZ bO BO bO bO bO bo bO PO pO [dO [dO dO PO [dO PAGE 259 264 261 260 260 260 261 262 262 262 263 ericoides, JVees, > Esperbergensis, Nees, exscapus, Rich. falcatus, Lindl. glutinosus, Cass. ‘ graminifolius, Herb. Banks. humilis, Willd. e infirmus, Mich. Lamarckianus, Wees, laxifolius, Nees, ^ ledifolius, Pursh linarüfolius, L. longifolius, Nees, luxurians, Nees, luxurians, Spreng. macrophyllus, L Menziesii, Lindl. = miser, Wees, : modestus, Lindl. ^ multiflorus, Vees, e nemoralis, Ait. Nove Anglie, Wees, Novi Belgii, Nutt. paniculatus, Nees, paniculatus, Lam. parviflorus, Vees, patulus, Lam. pauciflorus, Nutt. pendulus, Wees, peregrinus, Nees, preecox, Wees, puniceus, Wees, pygmæus, Lindl. Radula, Wees, ramulosus, Lindl. Richardsonii, Spreng. rigidus, L. . . rubricaulis, Wees, sagittifolius, Wees, salicifolius, Rich. salsuginosus, Rich. salsuginosus, Less. — . Shortii, Hook. (in foot note) solidaginoides, Mx. spathulatus, Lindl. strictus, Wees, strictus, Pursh. É ho tO t9 tO bo hO bO tO PO PO BO bo tO BO bo bO RR PO bD BO b2 hO bhO bO ho bO bO bO bO bO PO PO RO bO bO BO PO BO b RR ND WD WO tardiflorus, Herb. Linn. Tilesii, Wikstr. Tradescanti, Wees, T'radescanti, Hoffm. Tradescanti, Willd. umbellatus, Ait. Unalaschkensis, Nees, . uniflorus, Mx. vimineus, JVees, AsTRAGALUS, DC. aboriginorum, Rich. adsurgens, Pall, agrestis, Dougl. alpinus, L. arenarius, Pall. argentatus, Pall. campestris, L. Canadensis, L. carnosus, Nutt. Carolinianus, L. ? caryocarpus, Ker. crassicarpus, Fraz. deflexus, Pall. diaphanus, Dougl. Drummondii, Dougl. (Tas. LV) glareosus, Dougl. hypoglottis, Z inflexus, Dougl. Labradoricus, DC. Lazmanni, Pall. lentiginosus, Dougl. lotiflorus, Hook. melanocarpon, Fras. melanocarpus, Hook. Missouriensis ? Nutt. montanus, Jacq. nigrescens, Pall. nitidus, Dougl. orthocarpus, Dougl. parviflorus, Lam. pauciflorus, Hook. pectinatus, Dougl. Purshii, Dougl. retroflexus, Pall. secundus, Mx. succulentus, Rich. succumbens, Dougl. M oom omo ooo Para a a bat ba i Fa eA A A eA Fa tat bat ti ben bai ba bai ba ba m ba bi FO d) FO RO DO GNO DO HD 3 S 280 triphyllus, Pursh. vaginatus, Pall. Uralensis, L. Atheropogon ión Nutt. ATHYRIUM, Presi. angustatum, Presl. Filix-foemina, Roth, Fragile, Rich. Atragene Americana, Sims, . ATRIPLEX, L. : angustifolia, Sm. canescens, Nutt. Gmelini, Mey. littoralis, Z. patula, Z ÁVENA, Le Weeder, ‘Link, glumacea, Mx. mollis, Mx. Scheuchzeri, Poll. spicata, L. striata, Mz. versicolor, Vill. AUDIBERTIA, Benth. incana, Benth. Azyris ceratoides, L. fruticosa, Gmel. AZALEA, Don, Lapponica, L. nudiflora, L. periclymenoides, Mx. procumbens, Z. viscosa, L. AzoLLa, Lam. Caroliniana, Willd. microphylla, Kaulf. Banta, Lag. artemisizfolia, Less. BatsamMinex, Rich. Baptista, Vent. alba, Br. tinctoria, Br. BARBAREA, Br. precox, Br. vulgaris, Br. Barronia, Nutt. albicaulis, Dougl. ul inne a Ma OR ORR o o Oe o ée Oe Oe abel INDEX. PAGE 143 leevicaulis, Dougl. (Tas. a 149 parviflora, Dougl. 145 Barrsıa, L. 242 acuminata, Pursh, 262 alpina, Z. 262 coccinea, L. 262 pallida, Mx. 260 pallida, L. 2 tenuifolia, Purah, 128 Batis, L. 128 ? vermiculata, Hook. 128 Batschia Caroliniana, Rem. 128 canescens, Mx. ` 128 Caroliniensis, Gmel. 128 conspicua, Rich. 244 decumbens, Nutt. 243 Gmelini, Mx. 244 longiflora, Pursh, 243 sericea, Roem. 244 Benzorn, N. ab E. 244 odoriferum, N. ab E. . 244 BerBERIDEA, Vent. 244 Berseris, L. 112 Aquifolium, Pursh, 112 Canadensis, Mill. 126 fascicularis, Bot. Mag. 126 nervosa, Pursh, 44 pinnata, Lagasc. 43 repens, Bot. Reg. 42 vulgaris, L 42 BETULA, L. 44 carpinifolia, Ehrh. 49 excelsa, Ait. 268 glandulosa, Mz. 268 incana, L. 268 lenta, L. 315 lutea, Mx. 315 nana, L. 117 occidentalis, Hook. 129 ovata, Schr. 129 papyracea, Ait. 129 populifolia, Ait. 39 pumila, L. 39 serrulata, Ait. 39 Bivens, L. ` 221 cernua, L. 922. chrysanthemoides, Mr. 4 OLIM ILIO TARLI -o mn = GÄER ao do e WEE Re vm Eeer connata, Willd. frondosa, L pilosa, L BLECHNUM, L. boreale; Sw. doodioides, Hook. BLEPHARIPAPPUS, Hook. glandulosus, Hook. scaber, Hook. Buirum, L. capitatum, L. chenopodioides, Nutt. BOEHMERIA, L. cylindrica, Pursh, Borrowia, L' Hérit. glastifolia, Pursh, Boottia sylvestris, Big. . BoraAGINEA, Juss. Boschnajakia glabra, Bunge, Borrycuium, Sw. gracile, Pursh, Lunaria, Sw. . obliquum, Muhl. silaifolium, Presl. ` simplex, Hitch. Virginicum, Sw. 4 Botrypus Virginianus, Mx. Brachyclytrum erectum, Beauv. . aristatum, R. et S. Bracuyris, Nutt. Euthamia, Nutt. Brasenia peltata, Pursh, Braya, Sternb. alpina, Sternb. arctica, Hook. glabella, Rich. pilosa, Hook. (Tax. XVII. A) Briza Canadensis, Mx. Brızoryrum, Presi. boreale, Presl. j spicatum, H. and A. Bnoprza, Sm. congesta, Sm. coronaria, Salisb. grandiflora, Hook. S grandiflora, Nutt. Bromes; L. VOL. II. F Hagen O BO O BO BO TO CO PO dO RO NO LO Hr C E dO HR mmm Uo omo om om om orm om mom dO RR RR dO qo PO NND RO LO JO PO ren Fa CC 4 E F 2 281 PAGE 252 253 254 244 59 263 263 263 332 332 229 59 59 59 59 240 241 241 240 240 240 234 241 240 - 240 - 240 241 240 169 169 128 311 311 216 217 217 217 217 217 217 217 217 183 * This should have been inserted at p. 39, as an in- habitant of Newfoundland, on the authority of De la INDEX. PAGE DÉI purgans, Z 314 Sitchensis, Bong. 314 strigosus, Bieb. 263 Brizopyrum boreale, 263 Bunias maritima, Pursh. 263 BuPLEURUM, L. 316 angulosum, Schul. 316 ranunculoides, Z. 316 Cacalia atriplicifolia, Willd. 126 reniformis, Willd. 126 CactEz, Vent. 126 Caxirz, L. SER 142 ZEgyptiaca, ës 142 Americana, Nutt. 23 edentula, Hook. 23 CALAMAGOSTRIS, Adans. 186 Aleutica, T'rin. 80 arenaria, Roth, 92 Canadensis, Beauv. 265 Canadensis, Nutt. 265 coarctata, Torr. 265 colorata, Sibth. 265 longifolia, Hook. 266 Mexicana, Nutt. 265 purpurascens, Br. 266 stricta, Nutt. 266 strigosa, Bong. 237 ‘sylvatica, Trin. 237 Carra, L. 23 palustris, Z. 28 Calligonum canescens, Pursh, 32 CaLLiopsis, Reich. 65 Atkinsoniana, Hook. 65 CALLITRICHE, L, 66 aquatica, Big. 65 aquatica, y. Sm. 65 autumnalis, Z. 249 brevifolia, Pursh, 254 heterophylla, Pursh, 254 linearis, Pursh, 254 terrestris, Rafin. 186 verna, L. 186 Calluna vulgaris, ‘Salisb. e 186 CaLochorTUs, Pursh, 186 185 252 Pylaie, 282 elegans, Pursh, macrocarpus, Dougl. nitidus, Dougl. CALOPOGON, Br. pulchellus, Br. CALTHA, L. : arctica, Br. . asarifolia, DC. biflora, DC. leptosepala, DC. (Tas. X.) natans, Pail. palustris, Z. Carvpso, Salisb. Americana, Br. borealis, Salisb. CALYSTEGIA, Br. sepium, Br. spithamea, Pursh, tomentosa, Pursh, Camassta, Lindl. esculenta, Hook. CAMELINA, Crantz, barbarezfolia, DC. ` CAMPANULACEZ, Br. CAMPANULA, L. acuminata, Mx. algida, Fisch. Americana, Alph. DC. amplexicaulis, Mx. aparinoides, Alph. DC. dasyantha, Alph. DC. dubia, Alph. DC. ` erinoides, Muhl. lasiocarpa, Alph. DC. linifolia, Alph. DC. nitida, Ait. perfoliata, L. ‘petiolata, Alph. DC. planiflora, Alph. DC. pratensis, Alph. DC. D rotundifolia, Alph. DC. rotundifolia, B. Rich. Scouleri, Hook. (Tar, CXXV. ) uniflora, Alph. DC. CANNABIS, L. sativa, Z. Cantua parviflora, Pursh, EO LO RO RO BO bo RO OND BO MO NO HO LO MO hO BO MO LO tO PO LO MO MO LO c HE dO LO b) NO RO LO dO dO bRQ On o A A A "Dog P "Wo < S y, INDEX. PAGE 183 CAPPARIDEA, Juss. 183 CAPRIFOLIACEJE, Juss. 183 Caprifolium bracteosum, Mx. 202 ciliosum, Dougl. 202 ciliosum, Pursh, 92 Douglasii, Lindl. 22 occidentale, Lindl. 22 parviflorum, Pursh, 22 parviflorum, Rich. '92 pubescens, Gold. 22 CAPSELLA, Vent. 22 Bursa Pastoris, Mench. 195 CARDAMINE, L. 195 angulata, Hook. 195 articulata, Pursh, vj bellidifolia, Z. 77 digitata, Rich. 77 hastulata, Sm. 27 hirsuta, L. : 185 Menziesii, Hook. 185 Menziesii, DC. 65 parviflora ? L. 65 Pennsylvanica, Muhl. 26 petrea, Lightf. 26 pratensis, L. 28 purpurea, Cham. 28 rhomboidea, DC. 28 rotundifolia, Mz. 29 sylvatica, L. ? 28 Virginica, L. 27 Canpvvs, L. 07 arvensis, Sm. 28 discolor, Nutt. 28 foliosus, Hook. 27 lanceolatus, Z. 28 muticus, Nutt. 29 odoratus, Muhl. 27 pumilus, Nutt. 28 remotifolius, Hook. 27 Carex, L. 27 acuta, Dewey, 27 adusta, Boott. 28 affinis, R. Br. 29 alba, var. Dewey. 142 142 ampullacea, Good. 74 amplifolia, Boott, (Tas. COXXVI) ampullacea, Dewey, D D < EI Lë KREE RER ab BR eR bro ee Be eee abba ee Pe Pe babbar pobo anceps, Muhl. angustata, Boott. anthericoides, Presi. anthoxantha, Presl. aperta, Boott. (Tan. COXIX,) aquatilis, Wahl. arctata, Boott. arctica, Dewey, arida, Torr. aristata, R. Br. atherodes, Spreng. atrata, Z. attenuata, R. Br. aurea, JVutt. Backiana, Dewey, d Backii, Boott. (Tas. CCIX.) bicolor, Allioni. é blanda, Dewey, : blepharophora, Gray, bromoides, Schk. bullata, Schk. . Buxbaumii, Wahl. cæspitosa, L. canescens, L. . canescens, B. Torr. capillaris, Z. capitata, Z. Carltonia, Dewey, cephalophora, Muhl. chordorhiza, Ehrh. circinnata, Meyer. — . Columbiana, Dewey, .* compacta, R. Br. concinna, R. Br. concolor, R. Br. conoidea, Schk. crinita, Lam. . cristata, Schw. cryptocarpa, Meyer, curta, Good. debilis, Mz. Deweyana, Schw. dioica, Z. ¿ digitalis, Schw. digitalis, Willd. disperma, Dewey, Douglasii, Boott. (Tas. CÓXIV.) < o p tO BO BO dO pO BO BO BO HO Oh NO LO bO BO b BO bO bO bO LO BO LO bO BO bO BO BB hO RR BO bO BO RO LO bO ED bO bO bO PO PO PO PO eburnea, Boott. (Tas. a elongata, L. Emmonsii, Dewey, festiva, Dewey, festucacea, Schk. filifolia, Vutt. $ filiformis, L. flava, L. > flexilis, Rudge, flexuosa, Schk. folliculata, Z folliculata, Schk. Franklinii, Boott. (Tas. CCXVIIL ) fuliginosa, Sternb. fulva, Good. fulvicoma, Dewey, glareosa, Wahl. Gmelini, Hook. e gracillima, Schw. , 5 granularis, Muhl. ‘ Grayana, Dewey, . ` heleonastes, Z. Hepburnii, Boott, (Tas. CCVII. ) hirsuta, Willd. Hoodii, Hook. (Tas. CCXL) Hookeriana, Dewey; (Tas. CCXII.) Hoppneri, Boott. (Tas. CCX X.) Houghtoni, Torr. 2 hybrida, Schk. hystericina, Muhl. incurva, Lightf. intermedia, Good. intumescens, Rudge, irrigua, Smith, , y Jamesii, Torr. lacustris, Willd. S lagopina, Wabl. e . lagopodioides, Schk. . è lanuginosa, Mz. E d latifolia, Schk. . . laxa, Dewey, : S laxiflora, Lam. S leiocarpa, Meyer, lenticularis, Mz. leporina, L. . Liddoni, Boott, vong COXY. ) limosa, L. E o E A RAE A Mate ` AA AA A 284 q . Muhlenbergii, Schk. ` panicea B. Wahl. 3 E limosa p. Wahl. limosa y. Wahl. limosa 3. Wahl. livida, Willd. loliacea, Dewey, E longirostris, Torrey, lupulina, Muhl. a Lyoni, Boott, (Tas. CCVIII. ) macrocephala, Willd. (Tas. CCX VI.) macrocheta, Mey. 3 marcida, Boott, (Tas. CCXIIL) Y marginata, Muhl. : d marina, Dewey, maritima, Muller, media? R. Br. membranacea, Hook. Menziesiana, Sm. ; Mertensii, Prescott,( Tan. CCXVII. ) microglochin, Wahl. à micropoda, Mey. $ microstachya, Ehrh. microstachya, Mx. miliacea, Muhl. miliaris, Mz. misandra, R. Br. muricata, L. multiflora, Muhl. ; i mutica, R. Br. A nigella, Boott. - 3 nigra, Allion. : ` nigricans, Meyer, Nove Anglie, Schw. Oakesiana, Dewey, obtusata, Lilj. (deri, Ehrh. . oligocarpa, Schh. oligosperma, Mz. s ornithopoda, Dewey, . ovalis, Good, ovata, Rudge, ovata, Dewey, pallescens, Z. pallida, Mey. paradoxa, Schk. pauciflora, Lightf. o co WE he wo o A os o E LEE in 210 Parryana, Dewey, paupercula, Mx. paupercula, Torr. pedunculata, Muhl. pellita, Muhl. Pennsylvanica, Lam. petasata, Dewey, petricosa, Dewey, phæostachya, Sm. physocarpa, Presl, plantaginea, Lam. plantaginea, Muhl. podocarpa, R. Br. (Tas. CCXXIV.) polytrichoides, Muhl. : Pseudo-cyperus, Z. pubescens, Muhl. pulla, Good. Pyrenaica, Wahl. rariflora, Sm. recta, Boott, (Tas. CCXXII. Redowskiana, Mey. remota, Rich. retroflexa, Muhl. retrorsa, Schw. Richardi, Mx. Richardsoni. R. Br. (Tan CCXXIIL. ) - rigida, Good. rosea, Schk. Rossii, Boott, rostrata, Schk. rostrata, Mx. rotundata, Wahl. rupestris, Allion. salina, Wahl. saxatilis, Z. saxatilis, Fl, Dan. scabrata, Schw. Schweinitzii, Dewey, scirpoidea, Mz. Schkuhrii, Dewey, scoparia, Schk. Scouleri ? Torrey, siccata, Dewey, Sitchensis, Prescott, (Tas. CCXXL) spectabilis, Dewey, stellulata, Good, stenophylla, Wahl. 3 P RAS AE A C C RETARA ROME AAA stipata, Muhl. straminea, Schk. striata, Mx. stricta, Good. stylosa? Meyer, subspathacea, Wormsk. subulata, Mz. = supina, Wahl. ; sylvatica, Dewey, tentaculata, Muhl. tenuiflora, Wahl. tenuis, Rudge, teretiuscula, Good. Tolmiei, Boott. triceps, Mx. trichocarpa, Muhl. trisperma, Dewey, umbellata, Schk. ustulata, Wahl. utriculata, Boott. vaginata ? Tausch. . . Vahlii, Schk. varia, Muhl. : vesicaria, L. vesicaria, Dewey, viridula, Mx. Vleckii, Spreng. . vulpinoidea, Mz. Wormskioldiana, Horn. zanthophysa, Wahl. CARPINUS, L. . $ Americanus, Willd: Ostrya, Mx Carum, L. č Carui, Z. CarYa, Nutt. alba, Nutt. amara, Nutt. CARYOPHYLLEA, Juss. CASTANEA, Gerin. chrysophylla, Dougl. CASTILLEJA, Nutt. coccinea, Benth. e . coccinea, Dougl. hispida, Benth. miniata, Benth. ursina, Dewey, (Tas. CCX. )3 < RRE Er RRRr ro EO LO LO BO LO RRE BO LO BD bO tO BO 5O bo BO BO BO bO DO DO RO PO BO tO RES ‚INDEX. PAGE 212 pallida, Benth. 215 septentrionalis, Benth. 223 Sibirica, Lindl. 218 Catasrosa, Beauv. 216 aquatica, Beauv. ^ 216 Caulophyllum gracile, Dougl. 221 thalictroides, Mx. 225 CEANOTHUS, L. 227 Americanus, Z. 222 grandis, Doug}. 214 intermedius, Pursh, 216 levigatus, Dougl. 213 ovalis, Big. « 224 sanguineus, Pursh, 216 thyrsiflorus, Eschs. . 222 velutinus, Dougl. (Tas. XLV.) 213 CELASTRINE A, Br. e 222 CELASTRUS, L. 211 scandens, L. 224 Czrri, L. 2 221 occidentalis, Z. 226 CENTAUREA, L. 216 nigra, L. 223 CEPHALANTHUS, L. 221 occidentalis, L. 221 CERASUS, Juss. 225 borealis, Mx. 226 Canadensis, Willd. 212 * Chicasa, Mz. 208 depressa, DC. 221 emarginata, Dougl. 160 hyemalis, D C. 160 móllis, Dougl. 160 nigra, Lois. . 261 Pennsylvaniea, DC. 261 pumila, DC. 143 pumila, Mx. 143 serotina, Lois. 144 Virginiana, Mz. 87 Crnastium, L. 159 alpinum, Z. 159 alpinum, (Ed. 105. arvense, L. . 105 arvehse, Rich. 105 Beeringianum, Cham. 105 * elongatum, Pursh, 106 Fischerianum, Sm. we me vu we vn nc aa aaa a nen hen: CE A CH, 285 PAGR 105 105 105 286 glutinosum, Nutt. longipedunculatum, Muhl. natans, Rafin. Pennsylvanicum, Horn. pubescens, Gold. rigidum, Ledeb. stellarioides, Moc. tenuifolium, Torr. viscosum, L. vulgatum, L. CERATOCHLOA, Beauv. brevi-aristata, . CCXXXIV.) E grandiflora, Hook. (Tas. CCXXX V. ) CznATOPHYLLEX, Gray. CERATOPHYLLUM, L. demersum? L. Ceratospermum papposum, Peni Cercis, L. Canadensis, i Cherophyllum Coitibus, Peras Claytoni, Pursh. CHAMÆRHODOS, Bung. erecta, Bung. CHEILANTHES, SW. gracilis, Sw. vestitus, Sw. ri CHEIRANTHUS, Br. asper, Nutt. asper, Schl. capitatus, Doug}. erysimoides, L. Pallasii, Pursh, Pallasii ? Pursh, pygmaus, Adams, scapiger ? Adams, CuzrowE, L. glabra, Z nemorosa (by error "— ed CHENOPODE 4, Juss. CHENOPODIUM, L. E album, Z. ER calceoliforme, Hook. Jicifolium, E. Bot. glaucum, Z. humile, Hook. intermedium, Mert. Hook. (Tan. 4 ` e ED qe Pe bo pj MU pp A Mio ey E nn u e e O pe BL EB do 5 INDEX PAGE 103 maritimum ? Z. 105 rubrum, Z. 104 ? spinosum, Hook. 104 urbicum, LZ, ? 104 viride, Curt. 5 105 ? zosterzefolium, Hook. 103 CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. 104 maculata, Pursh. 103 . Menziesii, Br. (Tas. CXXXVIL) 103 umbellata, Pursh. A 253 Chironia campanulata, L. 3 angularis, L : 253 gracilis, Mx. 253 CHRYSANTHEMUM, L. 118 arcticum, L. 218 integrifolium, Rich. (Tas. CIX.) 218 grandiflorum, Hook. * 126 Leucanthemum, L. . 166 ? nanum, Hook. 167 Chrysocoma graminifolia, L. 262 Chrysopsis alba, Nutt. 272 amygdalina, Nutt. 196 humilis, Nutt. 196 scabra, Nutt. : 264 villosa, Nutt. 264 CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn. 264 alternifolium, Z. 38 Americanum, Schw. 64 oppositifolium, Z. 38 oppositifolium, Mx. 38 CICENDIA, Adans. 64 exaltata, Griseb. (Tan CLVII. ) 38 CicHor1um, L. 60 Intybus, Z. 60 Cicuta, L. E. 47 - bulbifera, Mz. 94 maculata, L 94 virosa, L. 95 Cimicifuga fistida, L 125 palmata, Mx. 126 racemosa, Bart, 3 197 serpentaria, Pursh, .. 126 . Cinna arundinacea, Willd. 127 Cincza, L. S 2 127 alpina, L. S 127 Lutetiana, L. 127 Cirsium muticum, Mx. 4 FEUERS VAR KEE Lc MB.» bibe cf PAGE 126 127 127 241. 241 297 259 Cissus hederacea, Pursh, CISTINEA, Juss. Cistus Canadensis, Willd. Cineraria atro-purpurea, Ledeb. Canadensis, L. congesta, Br. frigida, Rich. integrifolia, Jacq. Lewisii, Rich. ` lyrata, Ledeb. palustris, L. e CisTOPTERIS, Bernh. ` bulbifera, Bernh. A fragilis, Bernh. - " e montana, Link. x e CLARKIA, Pursh, pulchella, Pursh, : E rhomboidea, Dougl. .. E? CLAYTONIA, L. s "i alsinoides, Pursh, .Caroliniana, Mx. 5 E Cubensis, Bonpl. ite filicaulis, Dougl. (Tas. LXXII) grandiflora, Sweet, lanceolata, Pursh, 5 y linearis, Doug. (Tan. LX XI.) parviflora, Dougl. (Tas. gt parviflora ? Moc. perfoliata, Donn, v Sibirica, L. ? spathulata, Dougl. (Tas. LXXIV.) spathulefolia, Sal. S > Unalaschkensis, Fisch. ' Virginica, L. . te CLEMATIS, L. . Douglasii, Hook. (Tan. L) hirsutissima, Pursh, obliqua, Dougl. verticillaris, D C. Virginiana, L. CLEOME, L. dra, Mx: lutea, Hook. (Tas. XXV.) Clinopodium incanum, L. vulgare, L. CLINTONIA, Dougl. elegans, Dougl. INDEX. i PAGE 3 VOL. 114 Cyipium, Cusson, å $ 1 7 Canadense, Spr. 1 72 CocHLEARIA, Tourn. . 1 334 Anglica, L. . e 1 335 Danica, L. 1 334 fenestrata, Br. 1 334 natans, Ledeb. 1 935 oblongifolia, DC. ps ry officinalis, Z. . : : 1 333 septentrionalis, DC. 1 334 siliquosa, Schl 1 260 spathulata, Schl. 1 260 tridactylites, D C. 1 260 CoLLomia, Nutt. 2 260 bellidifolia, Dougl. 2 214 gracilis, Dougl. 2 214 grandiflora, Dougl. 2 214 humilis, Dougl. iv 923 heterophylla, Dougl. 2. 225 linearis, ZVutt. . 2 224 CoLLINsta, Nutt. Ké 225 grandiflora, Lindl. i x 2 224 parviflora, Lindl. (by error **pauciflora")2 224 COLLINSONIA, L. e 3 2 224 Canadensis, L. 2 224 ovalis, Pursh, . k e 2 225 CorronivM, Trin. 2 224 arundinaceum, Hook. 2 225 latifolium, Br. j 2 225 latifolium, p. Kth. S 2 226 pauciflorum, Hog. 2 224 CoMANDRA, Nutt. 2 225 livida, Rich. (Tar. CLXXIX. B.).::2 224 umbellata, Nutt. (Tas. CLXXIX. A.) 2 1 Comarorsis, Rich í 1 1 Doniana, DC. 1 4 fragarioides, DC. 1 2 pedata, DC. 1 2 Comarum palustre, L. da 1 ComMELINEA, Br. S S 2 70 Commelina dubia, Jacq. E 2 2 Comrosita, Juss. > $ : 113 CourroNta, Gert. e 2 114 aspleniifolia, Ait. 2 30 CONIFERÆ, Juss. 2 31 ConioseLINUM, Fisch. 1 287 PAGE 264 288 Fischeri, Wimm. Tataricum, Hoffm. è Conopodium Canadense, Koch, Conium, L. S > maculatum, Z. . A Convallaria bifolia, L. Canadensis, Pursh, multiflora, L. . racemosa, L. stellata, L trifolia, L CONVOLVULACEÆ, Juss. ConvoLvuLus, L. . arvensis, Chois. panduratus, Mz. repens, L. sepium, L. . spithameus, L. b Stans, Mx. : : i Conyza linifolia, L. Cortis, Salisb. . aspleniifolia, Salisb. (Tan. XI. ) trifolia, Salisb. "CoRALLORHIZA, Br. hyemalis, Nutt. innata, Br. innata, Eat. innata, Nutt. = Mertensiana, Bong. multiflora, Nutt. odontorrhiza, Nutt. . at? verna, Nutt. Wisteriana, Conrad, Coreorsis, L. . Atkinsoniana, Lindl. lanceolata, Z. . CORISPERMUM, L.. hyssopifolium, Stev. Cornez, DC. . Cornus, L. alba, Z. alba, Walt. =. 1 . alternifolia, Z. a Canadensis, Z. circinnata, L’ Her. 3 circinnata, Cham. 3 fastigiata, Mx, ` " = Mom oom on onm RONALDO VS V5 Vo as a) RO dO JO BO PO HO DO LO PO JO dO FO HQ EER eee INDEX. PAGE 266 florida, L. 266 lanuginosa, Mx. 262 paniculata, L’ Hér. - 272 rugosa, Lam. . 272 sanguinea, Z. 175 sericea, L’ Hér. 175 stolonifera, Mx. 4 176 stricta, Zam. 175 Suecica, L. 175 tomentosula, Mx. 175 CoroLLIFLORE, DC. . 76 Convrus, L. 76 Americana, Wahl. 77 rostrata, Ait. . 77 Corypauis, DC. 77 aurea, Willd. . 77 Canadensis, Gold. . 77 cucullaria, Pers. : 77 formosa, Pursh. 14 fungosa, Vent. 23 glauca, Pers. 23 pauciflora, Pers. : 93 peoniefolia, DC.? . 194 Scouleri, Hook. (Tas. AN 194 tenuifolia, Pursh, ` 194 CRASSULACER, DC. 194 CrATAGUS, Lindl. 194 Caroliniana, Poir. 194 coccinea, L. 194 cordata, Willd. - 194 Crus galli, Z. . 194 elliptica, Ait. 194 flava, Ait. š 311 glandulosa, Willd. 311 glandulosa, Mx. 311 polifolia, Walt. 125 punctata, Ait. = 125 pyrifolia, Ait. . 275 pyrifolia, Lam. 275 racemosa, Lam. E 276 sanguinea, Pall. 276 spicata, Lam, . y 276 Creris, L. - d 277 biennis, L. *. 276 elegans, Hook. 276 nana, Rich. . » 276 CRINITARIA, Cass. E B D e mM Fa oM rei rei ` ka Fi Fi Fa Fi Fi Fei Fei — _ ben mw BS A font M ee La at za Fa ra Fa rz bi ra RR RR ra rar Fi Fa Fa Fa ? humilis, Hook. | viscidiflora, Hook. Crocıpıum, Hook. multicaule, Hook. (Tas, CXVIII. ) Crotalaria alba, L. Croton, L. ? setigerum, Hook. ÜRUCIFERE, Juss. CRYPTOGRAMMA, Br. acrostichoides, Br. crispa, Br. CrYPTOTENIA, DC. Canadensis, DC. Cucubalus Behen, L stellatus, Mx. . CUcURBITACEA, Juss. Contra, L. > glabella, Mx. . Mariana, Z. Cupressus, L. Nutkatensis, Lamb, thyoides, Z. Cuscura, L. d Americana? L. ? Americana, Grisw, arvensis, Beyrich, Europea, Torrey, umbrosa, Beyrich, ^ Cyathea fragilis, E. Bot, tenuis, Schott, Cyclobothria elegans, Benth. Cylactis montana, Raf. . Cymbidium hyemale, Willd. innatum, Pursh, pulchellum, Willd. CYNOGLOSSUM, L. amplexicaule, Mz. * eiliatum, Doug]. glomeratum, Fras. grande, Lehm... linifolium, L. officinale, Z. .. officinale, H. et A. Virginicum, L. CYPERACEA, Juss. CYPERUS, L. diandrus, Torr. VOL. II. > 3 El La UO RO BO BÓ BÓ BO LO RO LO LO DO tO LO ND BO f b) LO b BO BÓ BO LO bÓ BO NO LO BD LO mm x e — c O O ND — HH ta ra ta DD INDEX PAGE si 94 inflexus, Muhl. 24 occidentalis, Torr. 335 phymatodes, Muhl. 335 pygmaus, Nutt. 129 repens, Ell. . 141 spathaceus, L. 141 strigosus, L. . 37 tuberosus, Pursh, 264 uncinatus, Pursh, 264 CYPRIPEDIUM, L. 264 acaule, Ait. . 261 album, Ait. 262 arietinum, Br. 88 bulbosum, L. . 88 Calceolus, y. L. 220 Canadense, Mx. 113 guttatum, Sw. . 114 humile, Sw. 113 parviflorum, Salisb. 165 parviflorum, Rich. 165 parviflorum, B. Mag. . 165 ` passerinum, Rich. . 77 pubescens, Willd. (Tas. cevi) 77 spectabile, Sw. 78 Cytisus rhombifolius, Pursh, 77 Dalea candida, Willd. 78 purpurea, Vent. 78 violacea, Willd. 260 DALIBARDA, L. . 260 cordata, Steph. 183 jfragarioides, Sims, 180 pedata, Steph. 194 repens, L. — 194 violeoides, Mx. 202 DANTHONIA), DC. 84 spicata, R. et S. 85 Davcvs, L. 85 microphyllus, Presl, 85 Deconon, Gmel. 85 aquaticus, Gmel. 86 verticillatus, Ed. 85 DeLPHIN1IUM, L. 85 alpinum, W. et K. 85 exaltatum, Ait: 207 intermedium ? Ait. 7939 Menziesii, DO. 232 simplex, Dougl. 20 3 PF Fr FFF mo = omw a a nn NO NO RRE 290 tridactylum, Mx. tuberosum, Menz. urceolatum, Jacq. Dentaria, L. concatenata, Mx. diphylla, Mz. . laciniata, Muhl. tenella, Pursh, etenuifolia, Ledeb. trifida, Lam. . Descnampsia, Beauv. brevifolia, Br. . exspitosa, Beauv. Desmopium, DC. ;acuminatum, DC. bracteosum, DC. Canadense, DC. nudiflorum, DC. pauciflorum, DC. Desvauzia purpurascens, Kth. Diantuvs, L. . repens, Willd. DraprNsracEX, Lindl. Diarensia, L. . «Lapponica, L. . obtusifolia, Salisb. Dicksonia, K Hérit. «pilosiuscula, Willd. pubescens, Schk. DICOTYLEDONEÆ, Juss. DieLYTRA, DC. . cucullaria, DC. eximia; DC. . formosa, DC. . Jachenalizfolia, DC. tenuifolia, DC. DrerviLLa, Tourn. Canadensis, Willd. i Tournefortit, Mx. Digitalis dasyantha, Droscong zg, Br., Drosconza, L. » paniculata, Jacq. villosa, L. S Diotis ceratoides, Willd. lanata, Pursh, . Dirtopaprus, Cass. D < Ko do fo £o io io mb be be a at toi te a ES bo do O E > H CXXIV.) , Willd, INDEX PAGE 25 albus, Lindl. . 25 amygdalinus, Vees, 25 canescens, Hook. 46 dubius, Cass. . 46 ficifolius, Hook. 46 grandiflorus, Hook. 46 hispidus, Hook. 46 incanus, Lindl, 46 linariifolius, ZVees, 46 linearis, Hook. 242 "lutescens, Lindl. 242 pinnatifidus, Hook. 242 ‚scaber, Hook. . 154 umbellatus, Hook. 154 villosus, Hook. 154 Diplostephium di, Nes ees, 154 linariifolium, Nees, 154 Dirca, L. 155 palustris, Z. 240 DoDEcATHeEon, L. 87 dentatum, Hook. 87 frigidum, Cham. 76 integrifolium, Hook. . 76 Doellingeria ? amygdalina, News 76 -ptarmicoides, Nees, 76 umbellata, Nees, 264 Donia, Br. $ .264 glutinosa, Br. . . 964 . "inuloides, Hook. 1 lanceolata, Hook. 35 squarrosa,..Pursh, 35 uniflora, Hook. (Tas. 35 Dor 2 luti 35 Dovcrasta, Lindl. 36 ^ "aretica, Hook. . 35 nivalis, Lindl. 281 Dxaza, L. » 281 algida, Adams, 281 alpina, Z. 98 alpina, Br. `.. 207 androsacea, Wahl. 207 arabizans, Mz. 207 arabizans, Pursh, 207 aurea, FI. Dan. „126 confusa, Ehrh., 126 contorta, Ehrh. 20 »eorymbosa, Br. » S D Saba om om n om ba e ba ba ba RI bo RO RO BO HO EO dO BO RO PO PO LO bO NONO HO HO PO dO dO RO do r9 BO PO Jo PO QD PO HO dO D D INDEX. : ; 291 < WN RO PO dO DYDNYYDHPYPNHYHDNHNNNYNNN eK A — m ee ees voL. PAGE | 2 PAGE 54 rotundifolia, Z. * 54 Drummondia mitelloides, DC. 5l Dryas, Z. à - 55 Drummondii, Rich. crassifolia, Grah. glabella, Pursh, glacialis, Adams, gracilis, Grah. 241 grandis, Langsd. 57 integrifolia, Vahl. > 3 174 hirta, Z. 59 octopetala, L. . ; d 174 hirta, Jacq. E 53 octopetala, Rich. á e 174 hirta, B. Wahl. : 53 pentapetala, L. e 176 hirta, var. 2, 52 ' tenella; Pursh, : = 174 hirta, var. 3, . et $ "53 Douticuiwm, Rich. . . 239 hirta, var. 4, S ; 58 Canadense, Pursh, . 232 hyperborea, Desv. S » 49 spathaceum, Pers. a » 232 incana, L. 54 Durontia, Br. . . 242 53 Fischeri, Br. . T ^ 54 EcniNospERMUM, Lehm. M 53 deflexum, Lehm. 3 Lapponica, Willd. levigata ? Cham. leevipes, DC. . lutea, Gilib. s 55 diffusum, Zehm. 83 micropetala, Hook. `. i ^'59 floribundum, Lehm. (Tas. CLXIV) 84 muralis, Z. — " 56 Lappula, Lehm. 84 muralis, p. L. . > à 55 patulum, Lehm. $ á 84 52 -Wirginieum, Lehm. . 55 | Eenrmw, E a . 52 Menziesii, Lá. E PR 52 Elodea campanulata, Pursh, 51 Virginica, Nutt. 51 verticillata, Mx. 58 ELxAGNEA, Juss. i s muricella, Wahl. nemoralis, DC. nivalis, Lil. oblongata, Br. . oligosperma, Hook. pauciflora, Br. rupestris, Br. `. ei Fa . MA oo dO dO NO BO GO DD BD LO BO bh) LO NO ra eoe e bz Fraa ra ba ta ra ra e ba ba ra eA e abba bi ra Rm or Ki stellata, Jacq. . 3 d Erzacnos, L. 137 Unalaschkiana, DC. 55 argentea, Rich. S 137 verna, L. 56 ELywmus, L. A $ 255 Dracena boredi Ait. 175 ` arenarius, L. . 2 255 DeracocernaLum, L. i 115 Canadensis, L. e i Bar 255 denticulatum, Ait. a 116 dasystachys, Trin. — . s 2: 255 intermedium, Nutt. — . He |: Europeus, L. . å à 29... 956 lancifolium, Meench. 116 glaucifolius, Willd. .. d 2 255 obovatum, Ell. A 116 hirsutus, Pres/, : » 2....955 parviflorum, Nutt. `.. 115 Hystriz, L. . - = 2... 956 speciosum, Sweet, `» 116 mollis, Br. . q » 8 0265 variegatum, Vent. | `. . 116 Philadelphicus, L 2: 255 Virginianum, L. d 116 Sibiricus, D. .. : e 2.255 Dracontium fetidum, L: 169 villosus, Muhl. : A D-::256 Kamstchaticum, L. - . 169 Virginicus, L. 2. 255 DnosERACEZ, DC. "s : 81 Exrxzocnamnis, Br. 2 228 Drosera, L. `. . . 81 acicularis, Br. . k 2,:...929 Anglica, Huds. O81 _cespitosa, Link, ; 2 229 capillaris, Poir. 81 © multicaulis, Sm. 2. 228 ' Jinearis, Gold. (TAB. XXVIL $ y 82 obtusa, Schultes, 2 229 292 palustris, Br. . : pauciflora, Link. E ELYNa, Schrad. . caricina, Mert.. spicata, Schrad. e EmPeTrEz, Nutt. Š EMmPETRUM, L. . S nigrum, L. . - Ericæa, L. à e repens, L. = S ErıLosıum, L. . alpinum, Z. " alsinifolium, Vill, e angustifolium, Z. j coloratum, Willd. $ glandulosum, Lehm. . Hornemanni, Reich. . latifolium, L. ; lineare, Muhl. S luteum, PursA, E minutum, Lindl. e oliganthum, Mz, e opacum, Lehm. . origanifolium, Lam. . palustre, L. . palustre, var. Wahl. . rosmarinifolium, Pursh ? spicatum, Lam. squamatum ? Nutt. tenellum, Desv. tetragonum, L. . venustum, Dougl. š Erimepium, L. hexandrum, Hook. (Tas. XIII. ) Eripacris, Hall, convallarioides, Sw. .. cordata, Sw. D gigantea, Dougl. (Tan. coni; EPrrnzcvs, Nutt. $ Americana, Nutt. EovisETACE X, Rich. EqvisETUM, L. 4 arvense, Z. fluviatile, Z. hyemale, Z. .. . limosum, L. .. : palustre, Z. .. i < 30 85 tO i2 tO 2 E lO 19 (D MD P3 f ra e em et RM Ro n A np num 10 PO eg INDEX. "PAGE 228 scirpoides, Mx. 229 sylvaticum, Z. . 228 uliginosum, Willd. ? 228 umbrosum, Mey. . 228 variegatum, Z. 140 Eragrostis capillaris, Nees, 140 reptans, Nees, 140 Erechthites prealta, Raf. 42 Ericka, Juss. . 42 Erica Stelleriana, Willd. 204 Eri spidatum, Nutt. 205 Ericeron, L. . * 206 alpinus, L. : 205 alpinus, Pursh, 205 alpinus, 8. Wahl. 205 annuus, L. e 206 bellidifolius, Willd. A 205 Canadensis, Z. , 907 compositus, Pursh, . 208 florifer, Hook. A 207 glabellus, Nutt. 208 glabratus, Hoppe, € 205 grandiflorus, Hook. (Tas. CXXIIL ) 206 heterophyllus, Willd. 207 ? hyssopifolius, Mz. . 207 lanatus, Hook. (Tas. CXXI.) 207 lonchophyllus, Hook. 205 Philadelphicus, Pursh, 207 pulchellus, Mz. R 207 purpureus, Ait. . 206 radicatus, Hook. (Tas. CXXII b 205 Serpentaria, Banks, 30 strigosus, Muhl. 30 trifidus, Hook. (Tas. xX). 202 uniflorus, L. . 204 EnrocoNvM, Mz. 204 arachnoideum, H. et A. 202 cæspitosum, Nutt. 93 compositum, Dougl. . 93 erassifolium, Benth. (Tas. CLXXVI.) 269 decumbens, Benth. F 269 dichotomum, Dougl. . 269 elatum, Dougl. z 269 flavum, Nutt. : : 270 heracleoides, Nutt. — . 269 niveum, Dougl. 269 nudum, Dougl. . tO BO bo (dO PO PO PO [OO "NO I9 Mao: to. v0. 19/19: 39 MO MIC t9. so to: to no: 10:9 (9/9 to; to to 19 NORD! BOF 19: 19/49 t9 49 sol to UM MODO spas VOL. ' ovalifolium, Nutt. e * 2 sericeum, Pursh, š 2 spherocephalum, Dougl. - (Tas. CLXXV.) 2 stellatum, Benth. (Tas. CLXXVIL ER striatum, Benth. Tolmieanum, Hook. |. vimineum, Dougl. / . umbellatum, Torr. : ErIocAuLoN, L... 2 S pellucidum, Mx. : F septangulare, With. Erıocynıa, Hook. pectinata, Hook. (Tan. LX XXVIIL) ERIOPHORUM, L. = " alpinum, Z. angustifolium, Roth, Callithrir, Cham. á á capitatum, Host, S d Chamissoi, Mert. . . cespitosum, Host, ^ ; cyperinum, Willd. .. . gracile, Roth, å S Hudsonianum, Mx. . z polystachyon, L. s polystachyon, Gray, .. polystachyon, B. Rich. Scheuchzeri, Roth, . 1 strictum, Br. . à . tenellum, Nutt. : triquetrum, Hoppe, OFT. T3131... YI .PbPTTITT. TT vaginatum, Z. SS z Virginicum, L, Eriophyllum oe Dovgl. Erovıum, L’ Hérit. e » cheilanthifolium, Dougl. e cicutarium, DC. * 4 Enornuira, DC. ; t i vulgaris, DC. . - y Eryraronıum, L. y d Americanum, Gawl., . S — Dens Canis, var. Mx. 4 flavum, Sm. . y j giganteum, Lindl. . s grandiflorum, PA. . «grandiflorum, Ph. - revolutum, Sm. e "O BO PO E E dO O re — e be ei pe INDEX. PAGE 134 Ervum, L. 133 hirsutum, Z. tetraspermum, L. 133 Erysimom, L. 134 ? asperum, DC, mg XXIL ) 135 Barbarea, L. 134 cheiranthoides, L. 136 lanceolatum, Br. 135 officinale, L. 187 pracox, Sm. 187 virgatum ? Roth, 187 Escuscuorrzta, Cham. 255 Californica, Cham. 255 Euchroma coccinea, Nutt. 230 Evonymus, L. 230 Americanus, Z. 231 atro-purpureus ? Jacq. 231 Evosmos Benzoin, Nutt. 231 Eurarorium, L. 231 ageratoides, L, 231 connatum, Mx. E 230 ? grandiflorum, Hook. 232 maculatum, L. S 230 occidentale, Hook. 231 perfoliatum, L. 231 purpureum, Mz. 231 rotundifolium, Z. 231 scandens, L. 232 urticefolium, Mx. 231 EUPHORBIACE®, Juss. 232 EuPrnorBIA, L. 231 corollata, Z 231 hypericifolia, Pursh, 315 obtusata, Pursh, 116 pilosa, Z 117 platyphylla, Z 116 polygonifolia, L 56 stricta, Sm. 56 Evrurasia, L. . 182 latifolia, Pursh, 182 officinalis, Z. 182 Euroria, Adans. | 182 4 ceratoides, Ledeb. 182 Eveysta, Cass. . 182 ` corymbosa, Nees, 182 macrophylla, Nees, 182 Evtoca, Br. WN HH RER PO Q9 ORÓ AO dO NO 10 NO (o (D AO f era Pew RB ta IB 9 Bee n mom eee Au AN 3 r EUTREMA, Br. Edwardsii, Br. Festuca, L. * borealis, Mert. (Tas. CCXXXL) brevifolia, Br. distans, Kth. distichophylla, Mx. . duriuscula, H. et A. fluitans, L Hostii, Kth. myurus, L. . nervosa, Hook. (Tan, COXXXIL) occidentalis, Hook. ovina, Z. j pratensis, Huds. Richardsoni, Hook. rubra L. (Tas. CCXXX.) . scabrella, Torr. (Tax. E Zeg, - Qo m oom do PO HO MO KO RO wwe ls O O O O O NO HO O RO O PO O wipe iD INDEX. PAGE vou. Pace 79 sericea, Dougl. . 1 185 79 vesca, L. ` 1 184 79 Virginiana, Mill. . 1 184 79 Frasera, Walt. 2 66 79 . albicaulis, Donat, (Tan. CLIV.) 2 67 79 Carolinensis, Wait. . 2 66 79 speciosa, Dougl. (Tas. CEHE) 2 66 66 Walteri, Mx. » 2 66 67 Fraxines, L. e 2 50 67 acuminata, Lam. 3 2 51 242 . Americana, L. E >: 51 242 epiptera, Mz.. š Zo 50 119 pubescens, Walt. 2 51 159 sambucifolia, Willd. 2 50 159 tomentosa, Mx. 2 51 159 Faırırranra, L. i; > 2 181 159 Kamtschatcensis, Fisch. (Tan: 159 CXCIM. A.) - 2 181 268 lanceolata, PursA, (Taz. Cent, B.)2 181 268 ? pudica, Hook. ; 2 182 268 Fumarsacez, DC. 1 35 268 Fumarıs, L. : 1 37 268 Altaica, Ledeb. i 1 37 268 aurea, Curt. L 1 37 267 cucullaria, L 1 1 35 249 cucullaria, Pall. b 1 36 251 formosa, Andr. ¿ bs 88 250 fungosa, Willd. 1 86 245 glauca, Curt. - H 37 254 media, DC. à 1 37 250 officinalis, Pursh, 1 97 248 officinalis ? Pursh, 4 1 a 245 pauciflora, Steph. 7 1 37 249 peregrina, Rud 1 36 251 recta, Mx, 1 +36 249 sempervirens, L i keis2:38T 250 tenuifolia, Ledeb. - DE dees 251 GarLLarpia, Foug. DIE E ut? 250 — aristata, Pursh, A auris 315 250 bicolor, Lam. > 1.315 252 bicolor, var. Spreng. 3 1. 815 250 lanceolata, Mx. 1 315 258 GALATELLA, Cass. 2 Snes 184 - graminifolia, Hook. k 85551315 185 nemoralis, Wees, i. KG 185 Garrorss, L. . 4 2. ug 294 congesta, Dougl. echioides, Dougl. Franklinii, Br. glomerata, Dougl. Menziesii, Br. multiflora, Br. 3 è pulchella, Lehm. x . sericea, Lehm. ; t EvrREMA, Br. . ~ arenicola, Rich. (Tas. XXIV) Edwardsii, Br. Eurriana, Trin, oligostachya, Kth. Fagara frazinifolia, «. Lam. Facus, £L. ^ ` - ferruginea, Ait. ` : &ylvatica, Pursh, sylvatica, p. Nutt. Š sylvestris, Mx. Ferouta, L. 5 à) ? Canadensis, Z. foeniculacea, Vutt. nudicaulis, Nutt. x - Nattallii, DC. : x ? Palmella, Hook. villosa, Willd, Festuca, L. s borealis, Mert, (Tas. COXXXI) brevifolia, Br. distans, Kth. distichophylla, Mx. . duriuscula, H. et A. fluitans, L. S Hostii, Kth. š myurus, Z. . D nervosa, Hook. (Tan, COXXXIL) occidentalis, Hook. ovina, L: pratensis, Huds. E Richardsoni, Hook. . rubra, L, (Tas. CCXXX.) scabrella, Torr. (Tas. aeren subulata, Bong. Fiuices, Juss. Fracaria, Tourn. Canadensis, Mz. Chilensis, Ehrh. 4 to to MO dO AA AA A KE AT ` ` SSC k E HO OUO dO NO dO dO LO AQ CO NO MO pO HH HE EN . > ER RI EI DA INDEX PAGE 79 sericea, Dougl. : " 79 vesca, L. ; é 79 Virginiana, Mill è u 79 Frasera, Walt. : 79 - albicaulis, Dougl. (Tan: CLIV: 79 Carolinensis, Walt. 79 speciosa, Dougl. (Tan, CEHI: ` 79 verticillata, Muhl. 66 Walteri, Mx. 67 FnaxiNvs, Z. * 67 acuminata, Lam. 242 . Americana, L. 242 epiptera, Mz. 119 pubescens, Walt. $ 159 sambucifolia, Willd. 159 tomentosa, Mx. 159 FSITILLARIA, L. 3 159 Kamtschatcensis, Fisch. (Tan: 159 CXCITI. A.) = 2 268 lanceolata, Pursh, zer CXCIII. B.)2 268 ? pudica, Hook. 268 Fomariacez, DC. 268 Fumaria, L. S : è 268 Altaica, Ledeb. e 268 aurea, Curt. t - 267 cucullaria, L ` 249 cucullaria, Pall. 2 251 formosa, Andr. 2 I 250 Jungosa, Willd. 245 glauca, Curt. ` 254 media, DC. .. 250 officinalis, Pursh, 2 248 officinalis ? Pursh, E - 245 pauciflora, Steph. e e 249 peregrina, Rud. 251 recta, Mx. z 249 sempervirens, L. : 1 250 tenuifolia, Ledeb. — . ` 251 GarLLarpia, Foug. ` ‘ 2950 aristata, Pursh, d x 250 bicolor, Lam. > 252 bicolor, var. Spreng. 250 lanceolata, Mx. 258 GALATELLA, Cass. 4 184 graminifolia, Hook. 185 nemoralis, Vees, L 185 Garrorss, E. . 2 be to Tetrahit, Z Galega Virginica, L. GALIUM, Scop. Aparine, L. asprellum, Mz. boreale, L. . circæzans; 8. Torr. Claytoni, Mz. cuspidatum, Muhl. lanceolatum, Torr. micranthum, Pursh, rubioides, L septentrionale, R. et S. strictum, Torr. suaveolens, Wahl. tinctorium, L.. tinctorium, Rich. Torreyi, Big. trifidum, L triflorum, Mz. GARRYACEA, Lindl. Garrya, Lindl. elliptica, Doug. GAULTHERIA, L. ufruticosa, Menz. chispidula, Muhl. «myrsinites, Hook. (Tan CXXIX.) “procumbens, Z serpyllifolia, Pursh, Shallon, Pursh, Gavura, L. s - biennis, L. coccinea, Fras. glabra, Lehm. marginata, Lehm. “parviflora, .Dougl. GENTIANEA, Juss. GENTIANA, L. acuta, Mz. affinis, Griseb.. Aleutica, Cham. —Amarella, Rich. - amarelloides, Mx. Andrewsii, Griseb. angustifolia, Mz. aquatica, Freel, ` aquatica, o, Freel. ^ E i^ ro dO do < F ee A A E fo A fo fo fo mow e E Re c Eae Ee Pe Re Ex LTE vo BB pw ww |o (9 INDEX. arctophila, Griseb. deg CXLIX.) aurea, Z. ` P barbata, Bong. barbata, Freel. borealis, Bong. brachypetala, Bong, cespitosa, Grah. calycosa, Griseb. (Tas. CXLVL) Catesbai, Andr. : Á Catesbei, Walt. ; Catesbei, Ell. ciliata, Gunn. ciliata, Pall. ciliata Americana, L, i crinita, Fre. detonsa, Fries, dichotoma, Pall. Douglasiana, . Bong.. (Tas. CXLVIII.) : „fimbriata, Andr. A Jimbriata, Vahl, = . glacialis, Thom. R «glauca, Pall. (Tas. CXLYIL) - intermedia, Rich. involucrata, Fries, S d linearis, Freel. P e Menziesii, Griseb. ‚major Virginiana, Pluk. nutans, Bong. ochroleuca, Fre. ochroleuca, Freel. platypetala, Griseb. plebeja, Bong. : Pneumonanthe, Mx. .. A porphyris, Walt. E propinqua, Rich. (Tax. CL). ;prostrata, Hook. S A pseudo-p » Rich. . puberula, Mx. ? ; 4 „purpurea, Walt. S . quinqueflora, Lam. — . 1 quinquefolia, L. . . - rotata, Freel. s d Rurikianas Cham. Saponaria, L. Saponaria, Freel d Saponaria, Walt. LO bo RO bo to HO bo BO dO bo bo to tO do bo bo V B fo dO NO NO G9 19 HPN do do do do do fO fO bo ro tO io PO EO bo PO EO BO |o PO do do 296 ; INDEX, VoL, PAGE Sceptrum, Griseb. Mee — 2 57 trifoliolata, Mench, .. . serrata, Gunn, 2 64 Gravx, L. A = y setiflora, Bong. 2 62 maritima, Z. . $ "1 tenella, Fries, y 2 63 GLycERIA, Br... tenuis, Griseb. (Tas. CLL) 5 2 63 aquatica, Sm. trichotoma, Menz. 3 x 2 60 arctica, Hook. (Tas. COXXIX) Unalaschkensis, Bong. 2 61 Canadensis, Z'rin. ventricosa, Griseb. . 2 65 elongata, Trin. ES = villosa, L. (Tar. CLII.) 2 56 fluitans, Br. . = : GERANIACEA, Juss. ` 1 115 nervata, Trin. = $ Geranium, L'Hérit. .. 1 115 obtusa, Trin.. - 3 albiflorum, Hook. Mis XL) l 116 pauciflora, Presl, E r Carolinianum, L. 1 116 Glycine Apios, L. í ‘ cicutarium, L. i > 1 117 helvola, Ell. .. 2 maculatum, Z. - E 1 115 monoica, L. .. = i GERARDIA, L. .. P j 2 104 umbellata, Wild.? .. è aspera, Dougl. E . 2 104 GLYCYRRHIZA, L. - longifolia, Benth. 9 104 lepidota, Nutt. E purpurea, Z. . . 2 104 GNAPHALIUM, Br. . Geum, L. i E 1 174 alpinum, DC. agrimonioides, Pursh, i 1 186 alpinum, L. S $ album, Gmel. ? i 1 175 decurrens, T'orr. : S Aleppicum, Jacq. $ . 1 175 dioicum, L. : S anemonoides, Willd. . i 1 176 dioicum, var. Mx. de calthifolium, Langsd. 1 177 luteo-album, L. s Canadense, Jacq. à 1,558375 margaritaceum, L. . . \ Canadense, Murr, š x 1 175 obtusifolium, Willd. . Y geniculatum ? Mx. $ 1 175 plantaginifolium, L. . e glaciale, Adams. = E 1 175 polycephalum, Mz. S macrophyllum, Willd.? 1 175 supinum, L. S pubescens, Pursh, . 1 175 sylvaticum, L. . rivale, Z duse 3 1 175 uliginosum, Z. Rossii, DC. . = S 1 176 GooDYERA, Br. rotundifolium, Langsd. 1 177 pubescens, Lindl. strictum, Ait. t 1 175 repens, Hook. triflorum, Pursh, y 5 1 176 GRAMINEA, Juss. Virginianum, Z. i 5 1 175 GRAPHEPHORUM, Desv. . Gitta, Cav. S « á 2 74 melicoides, Beauv. ` . capitata, Hook. 3 2 75 GRATIOLA, L. . e congesta, Dougl. = x 2 75 . Virginica, Z. a gracilis, Hook. 2 74 Grindelia glutinosa, Mess: E inconspicua, Dougl. 2 74 inuloides, Desf. > . parviflora, Sm. 2 74 inuloides, Ker, ‘ pharnaceoides, Benth. (Tan. CLXI. ) 2 74 squarrosa, Rich. t pulchella, Dougl. S S 2 74 GrossuLARIEE, DC. . à pungens, Dougl. S Ei 2 75 Guilandina dioica, L. ‘ GirrENIA, Mench, scc We 1 173 GYMNADENIA, Br. . . s F bo ra Fa Ri bi tO NO Ri Ri REI Ri BO Ki Ei N) = bei Fei ei Fei Fe Fei bei Fei Fei pi Fei Fi bei Fei ri Fei Fei Fei Fi Ri O NO O O DONOSO ra ? tridentata, Lindi. GyMNANDRA, Pall. Š $ _ borealis, Pall. ; borealis, var. Pall. dentata, Willd. Gmelini, Cham. gracilis, Willd. minor, Willd. ovata, Willd. reniformis, Willd. i tubra, Hook. (TAB. OLXXIL) Stelleri, Cham. GYMNOCLADUS, Lam. Canadensis, Lam. P T GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv. triangularis, Kaulf. Gymnostichum Hystriz, Sd Gyromia Virginica, Nutt. Habenaria borealis, Cham. blephariglottis, Hook. bracteata, Br. à Chorisiana, Cham. ciliaris, Br. E i dilatata, Hook. = S Jimbriata, Br. S grandiflora, Torr. : herbiola, Br. ` à Hookeri, Torrey, Huronensis, Spr. hyperborea, Spr. incisa, Spr. lacera, Br. . $ macrophylla, Hook. obtusata, Rich. $ orbiculata, Hook. orbiculata, Torr. psychodes, Spr. ` rotundifolia, Rich. Schismareffiana, Cham. spectabilis, Spr. 5 Se tridentata, Hook. Havent, Borkh. x Brentoniana, Griseb.(Tas. CLVI. A.)2 deflexa, Mz. (Taz. CLV.) < S p 2 - heterantha, Griseb. (Tas. CLVI. - HaronacEx, Br. HAMAMELIDEE, Br. VOL. Il. : ho bO hO bO BO bO bo LO bO LO BO RRE Nay LO RR RR BO PO PO D) a INDEX. PAGE 195 HaMAMELIS, L. 102 Virginica, L. 8 102 Harpalyce racemosa, Don. 102 ` Hecatonia palustris, Lour. 102 Hepeoma, Pers. 102 glabra, Nutt. 102 pulegioides, Pers. 102 Hedera quinquefolia, L 102 Hepyoris, Lam. 102 angustifolia, Mx. 108 cerulea, Hook. 5 104 cerulea, p. Pursh. 166 ciliolata, Hook. 167 Linnet, «. Mx. 259 Linnei, p. Mx. 7 259 longifolia, Hook. 256 patens, EM. . 179 serpyllifolia, Mx. . 198 Hedypnois autumnalis, Heds. 199 HzpysanuM, Jaum. 201 acuminatum, Mx. 201 alpinum, Mx. f 199 boreale, Nutt. à 198 boreale ? Rich. 200 bracteosum, Mx. 200 Canadense, L. 197 ciliare? Pursh, 196 cuspidatum, Willd. 198 Mackenzii, Rich. 198 nudiflorum, L. 200 pauciflorum, Nutt. 200 reticulatum, Muhl. 196 HELENIUM, L. 196 autumnale, L 196 - HELIATHEMUM, Tourn. 196 Canadense, DC. 200 HrELIANTHES, L. 200 atro-rubens, L, 197 decapetalus, L 195 diffusus ? Sims, 195 divaricatus, L. re 67 frondosus, Z p 68 giganteus, Z. 67 gigas, Mx. . 67 lenticularis, Dougl. 215 longifolius, Hook. 274 multiflorus, Z. - ke po < M y Momo om om ba ba ba ra ba be or or Pa ba ba Fa a ba ba tan mm Fa E a ba ra rr ba Fa bäi S rat ben en rn 8 298 tracheelifolius, Willd. . Herıorsıs, Pers. ? balsamorhiza, Hook. scabra, Duv. terebinthacea, Hook. Hetrorrorivm, L. Curassavicum, L. . Helleborus trifolius, L HzroNias, L. - angustifolia, Nutt. dioica, Pursh, ^ lutea, Ait. Fols paniculata, Nutt. pumila, Jacq. viridis, Bot. Mag. Hetoscrapium, Koch, Californieum, Hook. . Herarica, DC. ~ acutiloba, DC. Americana, Ker, " Americana, Nutt. triloba, D C. triloba, Choix. triloba, 6 DC. HERACLEUM, L. > + Douglasii, DC. lanatum, Mz. Sphondylium, Cham. . Hesrenis, L. . : arabidiflora, DC. inodora, L. matronalis, L. ` Menziesii, Hook. pygmza, Hook. (Tan. xix) scapigera ? DC. HEsPEROCORDON, Lindl. hyacinthum, Lindl. Lewisii, Hook. (Tas. CXCVIIL. A.) Heteranthera graminea, Vahl, HerErosTYLUS, Hook. - RRE RR o we ee nn mn nn ba ba pa ra dO dO RR RR ra Rer E gramineus, Hook. eue CLXXXV. )2 Hxvcnzna, L. eylindrica, Dougl. © glabra, Willd. (Tas. LXXIX.) longipetala, Moc. : Menziesii, Hook. (Tas. LXXX) _ micrantha, Doug]. Fi Fi Es kat Fa bei INDEX. PAGB 312 Richardsonii, Br. 310 villosa, Mz. 310 Hisiscus, L. e 310 Moscheutos, L. 310 palustris, L. 80 Hieracrom, L. 81 albiflorum, Hook. 23 fasciculatum, Pursh, 178 gracile, Hook. š 177 Gronovii, L. e 178 macrophyllum, Pursh, 178 Marianum, Big. = 177 molle, Pursh, . 178 paniculatum, L. 178 prenanthoides, Vill. . 260 pusillum, Pursh, 260 scabrum, Darl. 8 Scouleri, Hook. 9 sylvatieum, ‚Sm. 9 umbellatum, Z. 8 venosum, L. 8 virgatum, Pursh, 8 HırrocHLor, Gmel. 9 alpina, R. et S. 269 arctica, Presl, . 270 borealis, R. et S. 269 Jragrans, R. et S. 270 pauciflora, Br. S 59 Hippophae Canadensis, Willd. 7 argentea, Pursh, ; 59 Hrrrunis, L. 59 lanceolata, Retz, 60 maritima, Hell. 60 montana, Reich. 47 tetraphylla, L, 185 vulgaris, Z. 185 Holcus alpinus, Sw. 185 borealis, Willd. P 187 fragrans, Willd. . 171 monticola, Bigel. 171 odoratus, L 235 Hordeum, L. 236 jubatum, Torr. 236 pratense, Huds. A 237 secalinum, Schreb, 237 Horkeuıa, Cham. 236 congesta, Hook. ` FO O O O O O e e o o ee eege e mm K Hosackia, Benth. 3 bicolor, Dougl. ; . decumbens, Benth. parviflora, Benth. unifoliata, Hook. Houstonia Linnei, «. Torr. Hupsonsa, L, ericoides, Rich. tomentosa, Nutt. HumuLus, L. Lupulus, L. Horcuinsta, Br. calycina, Desv. p. XVII. B) Hyprastis, L. ` Canadensis, Z. Hyprocuaripex, Br. . Hydrochloa Carolinensis, Szen HybrocorYLk, L. Americana, L. e vulgaris, L. Hyprorettis, Mz. : : purpurea, Mz. Hypropayiiez, Br. . å Hyororsyııum, L. appendiculatum, Benth. Canadense, L. 3 capitatum, Dougl. lineare? Pursh, ^ e Virginicum, L. Hypropyrvum, Link, : : esculentum, Link, ? fluitans, Kth. > Hylas aphylla, Big. . Hymenonema, Cass. ? glaueum, Hook. ? laciniatum, Hook. . as . Hymenoparpus, L’Herit, ` Douglasii, Hook. ` A filifolius, Hook. = S scabioseus, Dougl. tenuifolius, Dougl. Hyoseris Virginiensis, L. HYPERICINEA, Juss. — ond Hyrericum, L. Sie > 159 ascyroides, Willd. . campanulatum, Walt. ? SH Canadense, Z. > i: ellipticum, Hook. emarginatum, Lam. Kalmianum, Z. macrocarpum, Mx. micranthum, Chois. muticum, L. . parviflorum, Willd. perforatum, L. quinquenervium, Walt. Scouleri, Hook. Virginicum, E. Hypopitys Europea, Nutt, lanuginosa, Nutt. FÉ Hyroxipzz, Br. Hyroxis, L. erecta, L. Hyssopus geen, Nott, discolor, Desf. Feniculum, Spr. . urticefolius, Doug]. Ictodes ds, Bigel. Irex, L. : Canadensis, Mx. myrsinites, Pursh. S opaca, Ait. i Impatiens, Riv. biflora, Walt. fulva, Nutt. noli tangere, Mx. noli tangere, B. Mx. pallida, Nutt. IĪMPERATORIA, L. Ostruthium, L. Inula scabra, Pursh, Ipomopsis elegans, Lindl. inconspicua, Sm. Inipes, Juss. . Inr, Z.. Caurina, Herb. hexagona, Walt. : hematophylla, Fisch. _ lacustris ? Nutt. E Sibirica, y. Ker, | sanguinea, R. et S. : tenax, Dougl. . ` tridentata, Pursh, s tripetala, Walt. F (Cb) NO PPP dO RO PDP ARO DH HE o Fa De A ba a bat BORD o jo Do LO dO HO DO o m e be bat Eu a Kat a ba vi nd 299 PAGE 110 300 versicolor, L. Virginica, L Isoetes, L. z lacustris, L. . IsNARDIA, L. . alternifolia, DC. palustris, L. Iva, L. . silua, Pursh, (Tas. CVL). JASMINEZ, Juss. JUGLANDINEA, DC. JucLans, L. . alba, Mx. amara, Mx. . cathartica, Bigel, cinerea, L. squamosa, Mx. JuNcAGINE a, Rich. JUNCE, Juss. Juncus, L. acutiflorus, Ehrh. affinis, Br. alpinus, Vill. .. arcticus, Willd. arcticus, Hook. arcuatus, Hook. Balticus, Willd. bicornis, Mx. . biglumis, L. bufonius, L. bulbosus, L. campestris, L. campestris, Soland, Canadensis ? Gay, castaneus, L. casianeus, Sm. compressus, H.B.K. compressus, ß. Mey. complanatus, Schk. echinatus, Muhl. effusus, L ; ensifolius, Wikstr. falcatus, E. Mey. + filiformis, L. Jluitans, Mx. fusco-ater, Schreb. glaucus, Rich. D 4 VW MO RO LO MO PO RO AO JO AO GO dO JO àO GO GO DO JO JO PO ^59 JO PO JO JO IO HY dO JO MO JO PO GO HO PO 5O PO 0 A RO F9 HO Ds INDEX PAGE 206 globosus, Herb. Banks. 206 gracilis, E. Bot. 268 Henkei, Mey. 268 Lehmanni, E. Mey. 214 macrostemum ? Gay. . 214 Menziesii, Br. 215 Mertensianus, Bong. 309 nodosus, L. ? 309 nodosus, Torr. . 50 paradozus ? Mey. 142 parviflorus, Retz, . 143 pelocarpus, Mey. e 143 pilosus, L. . . 144 platycaulos, H.B.K. . 143 polycephalus, Mz. . - 143 Pylei, De la Harp. . d 143 Richardsonianus, Sch. t 168 Roskowii, E. Mey. . > 187 spicatus, L. . E 189 subtilis, Mey. 190 tenuis, Willd. 191 triglumis, Z. . : " 191 uliginosus, Sibth. . . 189 Juniperus, L. . > ö 189 communis, L. 188 excelsa, Dougl. $ $ 189 occidentalis, Hook. . » 191 prostrata, Pers. . . 192 repens, Nutt. ? S » 191 Sabina, L. . : . 191 Sabina, B. Willd. d 3 188 Virginiana, L. 189 Karura, L. > d 190 angustifolia, E . . 192 glauca, Ait. . S : 192 latifolia, Z. . . 189 Kobresia caricina, Willd. : 189 scirpina, Willd, ii è 189 Ke erta, Pers. e à 190 cristata, Pers. E .190 Pennsylvanica, DC. . e 191 Könıcıa, L. : 3 I91 . Islandica, L. 190 Krascheninnikovia run, Guild, 191 Kxicia, Willd. . S 191 Virginica, Wild. 189 LABIATÆ, Juss. . . DP ne ie OS AAA ` ` Aë HEES Lactuca, L.. Canadensis, "n elongata, Willd. hirsuta, Muhl. - longifolia, Mx. Lagotis glauca, Gert. Lamium, L. amplexicaule, L Lapsana, L. communis, L. Larsrma, St Hil. aquatica, St Hil. uliginosa, Hook. Lariz Americana, Mx. Laserpitiom, L. hirsutum, Lam. terebinthaceum, Doug Larnuvnvs, L. . Californicus, Dougl. ` decaphyllus, Pursh, ‘ maritimus, Big. S myrtifolius, Muhl. ochroleucus, Hook. * palustris, L. ` pisiformis, Z. pisiformis, var. Rich. : stipulaceus, Le Con. . venosus, Muhl. venosus, Sweet, LAURINEA, Juss. Laurus Benzoin, L. pseudo-Benzoin, Mx. regia, Dougl. Sassafras, L. Lecuea, L. major, L. major, Mx. . S minor, Pursh, minor, L. ú 5 villosa, L. S 3 Lzpuw, L. s latifolium, Ait. = palustre, L. . A palustre, Mz. S Lerrsia, L. S ` oryzoides, Sw. Virginica, Willd. x tO RO BÓ RO BO PO PO f He Im eoim GO JO MO dO JO A A MD NO ND HO AA 3 MD QD GO dO CO JO UO ND B LXXXIX.) D INDEX. PAGE 296 LEGUMINOSÆ, Juss. 293 Leimantuium, Willd. 296 hybridum, Rem. 296 Nuttallii, Hook. 296 Lemna, L. d 102 minor, L. 116 polyrhiza, Z. 116 trisulca, L. e 296 LENTIBULARIEE, Rich. 296 Leonticg, L. . 93 thalictroides, L 93 triphylla, Sm. 93 Leonropon, L. 164 autumnale, L. 270 hirsutum, Hook. 270 palustre, Sm 266 Taraxacum, L, 158 Leonurus, L. 158 Cardiaca, L. 159 Lepipium, L. 158 calycinum, Steph. 160 Iberis, Schk. 159 Menziesii, DC. 161 ruderale, Z. 158 Virginicum, L 159 Lerrantuus, Mz. .160 gramineus, Mz. 160 LEPTARRHENA, Br. 158 amplexifolia, Ser. 137 pyrolifolia, Br. (Tas. 137 LESPEDEZA, Mz. 137 polystachya, Mz. 137 prostrata, Pursh, 137 reticulata, Pers. 72 sessiliflora, Mx. 72 Lewisia, Pursh, 72 rediviva, Pursh, 73 Luatris, Schreb. 72 intermedia, Lindl. 72 punctata, Hook. (Tas. CV.) . 44 scariosa, Willd. — S 44 i SQUArrosa, Willd. 44 squarrulosa, Mz. 44 Lievsticum, Koch, 233 acteifolium, Mz. 233 Gmelini, Cham. -233 Scoticum, Z. $ F vom nn Henne n Hmmm mA NOR) m E DEF BFH HH MO NO BO dO MD H HO H ei 301 PAGE 128 177 118 265 302 LIGUSTRUM, L. E i vulgare, L. LALIACE®, Juss. Litivm, L. affine, Sch.” Cánadense, ZL. Carolinianum, Pursh ? Kamtschatcense, L. Philadelphicum, Z pudicum, Pursh, quadrifoliatum, Mey. superbum, L. ` Limnia perfoliata, Hes LIMNANTHEMUM, Gmel. lacunosum, Mz. ` Limnetis cynosuroides, Rich. polystachya, Pursh, . Limodorum boreale, Willd. pulchellum, Curt. R ` tuberosum, Mx. E LiwosErra, L. aquatica, Z. e subulata, Eat. i d LINARIA, Tourn. . * Canadensis, Spreng. vulgaris, Mench, Lines, DC, S ; Linnza, Gron. > borealis, L. ` Linum, £L. Anglicum, DC. perenne, Z. rigidum, Pursh, Sibiricum, DC. striatum, Nutt. Virginianum, L. e ) Liparıs, Rich. > tiliifolia, Rich. 1 E Loeselii, Rich. B. d .. Loeselii, Spreng. à š Liquidambar aspleniifolia, L. . Listera, Br. convallarioides, Nutt. (Tas. Gen cordata, Hook. i Eschscholtziana, Cham. LrrHoseERMUM, L. * angustifolium, Mz. ` = W bO LO tO LO bÓ BO LO b) LO roi be be bai ba ba ra ba RR NR KR LO NO RR ERR WD canescens, Lehm. corymbosum, Lehm. denticulatum, H. et A. denticulatum, Zehm. Drummondii, Lehm. i hirtum, Lehm. incisum, Lehm. (Tas. CLXV) latifolium, Muhl. longiflorum, Spreng. lycopsoides, Lehm. Mandanense, Spreng.( Tas. CLXVL) marginatum, Spreng. * : maritimum, Lehm. officinale, L. 2 " paniculatum, Lehm. . > ruderale, Dougl. a sericeum, Lehm. Virginianum, Moris. e Lloydea serotina, Salisb. LoasEX, Juss. - Loze.ia, L, : E cardinalis, L. 5 N Claytoniana, Mz. ` Dortmanna, L. > = inflata, L : Kalmii, L. d S paludosa, Muhl. > e paludosa, Nutt. > spicata, Lam. " syphilitica, L e Lomaria crenata, Presl. A spicant, Desv. Lonicera, L. . e Canadensis, R. et S. cerulea, L. >» : : ciliata, Muhl. “ m ciliosa, DC. dioica, L. e : S Douglasii, DC. E E hirsuta, Eat. $ involucrata, Herb. Sead: í ? microphylla, Hook. . S oblongifolia, Hook, (Tas. C.) .. occidentalis, Hook.’ . ý parviflora, Lam. . pubescens, Sw. ` . villosa, Muhl. : AS IA A A A A a BO BO BO PO BO bO BÓ LO tO fO — BO LO LO dO BO dO BO PO PO PO PO BO HO dO dO PO WW Ws velutina, DC. Lornantuus, Benth. anisatus, Benth. urticefolius, Benth. Lotus incanus, Doug]. pinnatus, Hook. Ludwigia alternifolia, L apetala, Walt. ` macrocarpa, Mx. nitida, Mx. Lupinaster macrocephalus, Pursh, LvriNvs, L. albicaulis, Doug. arbustus, Dougl. > argenteus, Pursh, aridus, Dougl. ; ` bicolor, Lindl. laxiflorus, Dougl. lepidus, Dougl. leucophyllus, Doug. littoralis, Doug. micranthus, Doug]. minimus, Doug]. Nootkatensis, Donn, ornatus, Dougl. perennis, L. polyphyllus, Zindl. plumosus, Dougl. pusillus, Pursh, regius, Rud. Sabinii, Dougl. sericeus, Pursh, sulphureus, Dougl. tenellus, Doug. . Lvzuna, DC. . arcuata, Hook. campestris, Desv. campestris, Br. = campestris ? Bong. comosa, Meyer, congesta, Lej. hyperborea, Br. melanocarpa, Desv. pallescens, Wahl. . parviflora, Desy. pilosa, Willd. S spicata, Desv. gee o wid... v aer re, Le Ai ba A, TEMAS C NETT 3 P uniflorus, Mx. INDEX, PAGE 283 Lycanis, L. . 115 alpina, Z. :115 apetala, L. 115 apetala, B. DC. : 134 brachypetala, Hort. Berol. . 134 Githago, Lam. 215 pauciflora, Fisch. E 215 uniflora, Led. $ 215 Lycoronineæ, Sw. 215 Lycoropıvm, L. 132 alpinum, L. 162 annotinum, L. 165 aristatum, y. H. et Gr. 164 bryophyllum ? Henke, 164 clavatum, L. : 165 clavatum, Mx. 162 complanatum, Z. 164 dendroideum, Mz. 168 Douglasii, Hook. 165 . inundatum, L. e 164 lucidulum, Mz. e 162 ovalifolium, H. et G. . 163 recurvum, Willd. 163 reflexum, Sw. 164 rupestre, L. . k : 163 sabinefolium, Willd. (Tas. 164 CCXXXVIIL.) 165 selaginoides, Z. 162 Selago, Z 164 struthioloides, Presl, 166 tristachyon, Nutt. 164 tristachyon, Pursh, . 166 Lycorus, L. 164 Americanus, Muhl. 187 angustifolius, Nutt. 189 bracteatus, Muhl. 188 Europeus, Mx. 188 exaltatus, Ell. 188 longiflorus, Rafin. 188 longifolius, Rafin. 188 macrophyllus, Benth. 188 obtusifolius, Mz. 187 Pennsylvanicus, Muhl. 188 pumilus, Vahl, 188 sinuatus, Benth. 188 sinuatus, Ell. 188 < = Fi S P tO 52 do Go BO tO bo tO JO bb Kä f m bai o ke kel tO BO CRO dO BO BO L2 BO B) NO LO tO (O LO BO BO BD (QOO ya 304 Virginicus, Pursh, Virginicus, Pursh, vulgaris, Nutt. LycovesmIa, Don, juncea, Don, (Tas. CIIL.) minor, Hook. (Tas. CIII, A.) Lyonia paniculata, Nutt. LYsIMACHIA, e bulbifera, Curt, capitata, Pursh, ciliata, L : i hybrida, Mz. E racemosa, Mx. revoluta, Torr. stricta, Ait. thyrsiflora, L. LvrHnARIEX, Juss. Lennon, L. alatum, Pursh, $ Kennedyanum, H. et K. Salicaria, Z. ; verticillatum, L. Vulneraria, Schr. Macroropium, Br. laciniatum, Hook. Mania, Molina, elegans, Don, glomerata, Hook. . mellosa, Mol. sativa, Mol. viscosa, Cav. Mahonia Aquifolium, Nutt. Sascicularis, DC. glumosa, DC. nervosa, Nutt. Maianth € A, , Desf. Malaxis brachypoda, Gray, Correana, Benth. diphyllos, Cham, diphyllos, Lindl. liliifolia, Sw. Loeselii, Sw. monophyllos, Wild. monophyllos, Lindl. ophioglossoides, Lindl. unifolia, Mx. i Marva, L. 4 S iei o A ` pRR ww ko Ca ba b) NO NO RE ND 2 HEH ba a eee m ND AO ND DO PO FO 12 NEE aD Nh INDEX. PAGE 111 111 111 122 coccinea, Fras. hederacea, Dougl. Munroana, .Dougl. rivularis, Dougl. rotundifolia, Z Matvacez, Br. MansirgACEX, Br. MarsiLEa, Z. `. » vestita, H. et Gr. MaznuzmM, L. . vulgare, Z Mepeora, L. Virginica, Z Mepicaco, L. + lupulina, L. ; MELAMPYRUM, La Americanum, Mx. lineare, Lam. : sylvaticum, L. MELANTHACEA, Br. Melanthium glaucum, Nutt. glaucum ? Nutt. hybridum, Walt. racemosum, Mx. : Melica Fischeri, Spr. . Metttorus, Tourn. officinalis, D C. Metissa, L. `; T Clinopodium, Benth. . pulegioides, L. MENISPERMACEE, Juss. MENISPERMUM, Z. Canadense, L. Menrna, L. borealis, Mx. . Canadensis, L. * Canadensis, Benth. ` Mentzelia albicaulis, Dougl. MENYANTBESs, L. trachysperma, Mx. trifoliata, L. MENZIESIA, Sm. + v - Aleutica, Cham. cerulea, Sw. empetriformis, Sm. 2 empetriformis, Grah. . ferruginea, Sun. ` : < S P tO BO bO RRE bo e RER ra ta ra RR Rea ta BO BO bo MO bo ER RE RR va a Ri Ki hO LO BD hD N m rei m pe ei ox PAGE 108 107 106 106 268 glanduliflora, Hook. globularis, Salisb. (Tas. CXXXII) 2 Grahamii, Hook. intermedia, Hook. P phylicifolia, Fisch. . é Smithii, Mx. . ` Stelleriana, Fisch. Menrcxia, Fisch. physodes, Fisch. Mespilus acerifolia, Poir. arbutifolia, L A arbutifolia, p. Mx. Canadensis, L. Canadensis, æ: Mx. . Canadensis, B.? Mx. Canadensis, y. Mx. cuneifolia, Ehrh. glabra, Nutt. . . lucida, Ehrh. . Michauzii, Pers. Micromeria, Benth. Chamissonis, Benth. . Douglasii, Benth. ` . glabella, Benth. A Micropetalum gramineum, Pers. lanceolatum, Pers. Microsty.is, Nutt. $ brachypoda, Gray, . ` . diphyllos, Lindl. S >. monophyllos, Lindl. .. e ophioglossoides, Lindl. Mixania, Willd. 'scandens, Willd. Mırıum, L. > i effusum, L.. . = d membranaceum, Spr. . pungens, Torr. Mımurus, L. alsinoides, Benth. floribundus, Lindl. 4 S guttatus, DC. . . Lewisii, Pursh, luteus, Pursh, moschatus, Dougl. . + primuloides, Benth. . propinquus, Lindl, . h peduncularis, Dougl. . VOL, II. Ce OCS Oli ob O A A A ër ker A A A. VOL, 2 INDEX. PAGE 40 ringens, L. °. 41 roseus, Lindl. . 40 Scouleri, Hook. 40 MrrcHELta, L. . 40 repens, L, 41 MirenLa, Tourn. 37 cordifolia, Lam. 102 diphylla, Z 103 grandiflora, Pursh, 201 nuda, Z. 5 d 204 parviflora, Dougl. 204 ` pentandra, Hook. 202 prosirata, Mx. 202 reniformis, Lam. : 202 trifida, Grah. (Tas. LXXXII) 203 Morrvco, Ser. . 201 verticillata, Z. 202 Momorpica, Z. . ^ 200 ? echinata, Hook. e 202 MonarDa, L. `. ; ? 113 allophylla, Mz. s a 114 altissima, Willd. r 114 Clinopodium, L. ^ . 113 coccinea, Mx. . : A 94 didyma, L. 95 fistulosa, L. . 193 Jistulosa, var. Bot. Mas. ? 193 glabra, Lam. 193 Kalmiana, Pursh, 193 menthafolia, Grah. 193 mollis, L. 305 oblongata, Ait. 305 purpurea, Lam. 235 purpurea, Pursh, 235 rugosa, Ait. 237 MonarDELLa, Benth. 236 odoratissima, Benth. 99 MonocoTYLEDONEE, Juss. . 100 MoNorzorz, Nutt. 99 Mowornora, L. . 99 Hypopithys, L 100 lanuginosa, Mz. 99 procera, Torr. : 99 uniflora, Z. 100 MUHLENBERGIA, Schreb. 99 aristata, Pers. d ^ 99 Brachyclytrum, Trin. ‘ So 4 VEN EU NN NONO CIO IO 40 (0 9 RO HO Ro d 10 HO NO RO HO 9 (0 WOO NO RD HD In EE eee n n nn n n n n cao as ws 306 Cinna, Trin. . i: : erecta, Schreb. . glomerata, Trin. 3 d pendula, Bong. . e Myagrum argenteum, Parsh, . natans, Patr. " d Myernpa, Jacq. myrtifolia, Vutt. (Tas, XLL i. Myosotis, L. -~ : alpestris, Schmidt, t " cespitosa, Schult. > $ Chorisiana, Cham. . e deflexa, Wahl. ` a A diffusa, Dougl. : re flaccida, Dougl. s ) fulva, Hook. . glomerata, Nutt. (Tan. CLXIL ) Lappula, L. . leucophæa, Dougl. (Tan. CLXIM. ) lingulata, Lehm. A lithospermifolia, Horn. palustris, Lehm. ; rupicola, E. Bot. . squarrosa, Bieberst. suaveolens, Waldst, .. e versicolor, Pers. A Virginica, L. e Myaicea, Rich. : Myrica, L. x T Californica, be. Gale, Z. : Xalapensis, H. et K. MynaioruvrruM, Vaill. nudum, Lap. spicatum, L. tenellum, Big. verticillatum, L. Myrrhis Canadensis, Mor. Claytoni, Mx. Claytoni, Spr. longistylis, Torr. NasaLus, Cass. alatus, Hook. (Tas. Cll. s albus, Hook. - altissimus, Hook. : cordatus, Hook. . SE KR, E Ee ` e, (ERETI AA 3 S INDEX. PAGE 237 serpentarius, Hook. 237 NazaDes, Juss. ` 237 Naras, L. 237 Canadensis, Mz. (Tan. CLXXXIV. ) 48 NanposMIa, Cass. ` : 89 corymbosa, Hook. A 120 frigida, Hook. - d x 120 palmata, Hook. 86 sagittata, Hook. : E 86 Narthecium glutinosum, Mx. . 81 Nasturtium, Br. S : 84 amphibium, Br. S 84 natans, DC. : S 83 officinale, Br. * : 5 82 palustre, DC. i i 83 terrestre, Br. 82 Navaretia, R. et P. 84 intertexta, Benth. 82 pungens, Benth. 81 Nectarobothrium serotinum, La 86 Necunpvo, Mench, 81 fraxinifolium, Vutt. : a 81 NemMoPANTHES, DC. 84 Canadensis, DC. 80 Nr von A, Bart. Š 81 parviflora, Benth. 83 pedunculata, Dougl. . 160 Neottia cernua, Willd. . P 160 pubescens, Willd. 160 repens, Sw. S S 160 tortilis, Pursh, ` 160 Nepera, L. 216 Cataria, L. 216 Nephrodium asplonioidis, Mx. 216 bulbiferum, Mx. 216 Dryopteris, Mx. 216 Filiz femina, Mx. 262 lanosum, Mx. E 272 punctilobum, Mx. 971 rufidulum, Mx. 271 tenue, Mx. . 293 thelypteroides, Mx. 294 Nesea verticillata, H. et K. 294 Neuroloma arabidiflorum, DC. 294 nudicaule, DC. % ~ 294 scapigerum ? DC. 294 NicoriaNA, L. ABER COMER EEE ieee 3 A multivalvis, Lindl. nana, Lindl. quadrivalvis, Nutt. Noruar, Salisb.., advena, Ait. Kalmiana, Ait. lutea, Sm. lutea, ß. Mx. NYCTAGINEA, Juss. NYMPHZA, L. advena, Ait. alba, Mx. minor, DC. odorata, Ait. odorata, p. Pursh, NyurmzAcrx, DC. CENOTHERA, L. albicaulis, Fras. biennis, L. Boothii, Dougl. Canadensis, Gold. chrysantha, Mx. contorta, Dougl. decumbens, Dougl. fruticosa, L. . leucocarpa, Hook. . Lindleyii, Dougl. : muricata, Murr. pallida, Lindl. pumila, Z. » purpurea, Curt. pusilla, Mx. . pygmea, Dougl. quadriyulnera, Dougl. riparia, Mutt. ` Romanzovii, Ledeb. spiralis, Hook. viminea, Dougl. viridescens, Hook. OMALANTHUS, Less. camphoratus, Less. OMPHALODES, Juss. linifolia, Mench, Onoccea, L. obtusilobata, Schkh. sensibilis, L. INDEX. PAGE : 91 Struthiopteris, Schkh. š 91 Ophrys estivalis, Mz. y 91 cordata, L. E i 32 liliifolia, L. . ; 33 Loeselii, L. : 32 monophyllos, L. ES OPLISMENUS, Kth. $2 Crus galli, Kth. 124 muricatus, Kth. : í 32 Orcuipex, Juss. 33 Orcuis, L, 32 acuminata, Hort. Gor. 32 agastachys, Fisch. 32 aristata, Fisch. 32 blephariglottis, El. 32 blephariglottis, Willd. 209 ciliaris, L. $ 210 clavellata, Mx. e 209 . dilatata, Pursh, 213 dolichorhiza, Fisch. 212 fuscescens, Pursh, j S 212 grandiflora, Big. : d 214 gracilis, Fisch. S à 211 herbiola, Pursh, e 212 humilis, Mx. 210 Huronensis, Nutt. f 211 hyperborea, L 209 incisa, Willd. 210 Königii, Retz, ; 212 lacera, Pursh, 211 latifolia, L. ? 212 obtusata, Pursh, 213 orbiculata, Pursh, 213 rotundifolia, Pursh, 212 psychodes, L 212 scutellata ? Nutt. 213 spectabilis, Z. ; 211 tipuloides, L. En 214 tridentata, Willd. 320 Virginiana, L. 3 " 321 Oxrzas, Cham. x T 86 involucrata, Cham. — . j 86 Ornithogalum bivalve, L. ` 262 OROBANCHEÆ®, Juss. * 262 Onozancue, L, os 262 biflora, Nutt. 262 comosa, Hook. (Tan. CLXIX.) í IEEE o qo o 10 Mario ao 1 10 10 Joao vember, io 10 10 Wipe mo no do do do 10 do Sé Jio ho ne vo o w o w io wk Sc kel 308 fasciculata, Nutt. (Tas. CLXX.) glabra, Hook. (Tas. CLXVII.) Ludoviciana, Nutt. tuberosa, Hook. (ëch CLXVIIL ) uniflora, L, S Virginiana, L. $ 3 OnoNTIUM, L. de > v aquaticum, Z. s OrTHOCARPUS, Nutt. ; " bracteosus, Benth. ` A hispidus, Benth. ; strictus, Hook. (Tas. CLXXUL) tenuifolius, Benth. Onvzorsis, Rich. asperifolia, Rich. parviflora, Nutt. . e Osmoruiza, Rafin. à ^ — brevistylis, DC. (Tas. XCVIL) longistylis, DC. (Tan. EN Osmunpa, L. x F alata, Hook. cinnamomea, Z. Claytoniana ? Willd. ` interrupta, Mz. regalis, Mx. . ^ ' regalis, B. L. s : spectabilis, Willd. : > Struthiopteris, L. OstrYa, Michel. Virginica, Willd. OxaripEx, DC. Oxazis, L. Acetosella, L. 5 corniculata, Z macrophylla, Dougl. stricta, L. E trilliifolia, Dougl. i OXYBAPHUS, L'Hérit. . x hirsutus, Pursh, 3 5 Oxycoccos macrocarpus, Pursh, palustris, «. Pers. vulgaris, Pursh, Oxyria, Br. d . reniformis, Hook. » Oxyrroris, DC. S ; arclica, Br. > é argentata, Pursh, < Ke o RR PO dO ND — o o HH ra ta BD BO RER RRE (9 x o9 c9 PO PO FO PO PO VNO NR INDEX. PAGE 93 borealis, DC. 91 campestris, DC. 92 deflexa, DC. 92 foliolosa, Hook. e 93 Lamberti, Pursh, 93 nigrescens, Fisch. S P 168 ozyphylla ? Rich. j . 168 splendens, Dougl. = s 104 sulphurea, Fisch. 4 104 Uralensis, DC. h E 104 Uralensis, 8. Un. It. . 104 Paonta, L. 105 Brownii, Dougl. 236 Panax, Z. 236 horridum, Sm. (Tas. XCVIIL) 236 pusillum, Sims, A d 271 quinquefolium, L. 272 trifolium, Z. 271 Panicum, L. 265 capillare, L. 265 clandestinum, Z. 265 Crus galli, L. 265 Crus galli, B. Ell. i 265 depauperatum, Muhl. . > 265 glaucum, L. - ` 265 hispidum, Muhl. 265 involutum, Torr. A y 262 Junceum, Trin. d d 160 latifolium, L. Š S 160 latifolium, B. Pursh, . E 117 muricatum, Mx. À 117 nitidum, Lam. 118 pruinosum, Bernh. 117 rectum, R. et S. 118 strictum, Pursh, 118 Walteri, Pursh, 118 virgatum, L. 124 viscidum, ZU. i 194 xanthophysum, Gray, ^ 34 PAPAVERACEA, Juss. 34 Paraver, L. 34 nudicaule, L. á 129 PARNAssIa, L. 129 Caroliniana, Mz. N 145 fimbriata, Kón. 146 Kotzebuei, Cham. (Tan. XXVII) 146 palustris, L, 4 wer ror» RP n aO BO FO NO PO tO PO dO FO dO BO PO DO NO LO BO RO P0 dO LN IQ = EP PHP m m eee ee eee mm mm 8 palustris, 8. Wahl.? . parviflora,* D C. (Tas. XXVII, B.) PARONYCHIA, Juss. sessiliflora, Nutt. (Tan. LXXY. ` Paronycuiea, St Hil. Parrya, Br. arctica, Br. macrocarpa, Br, de? XY). PasTINACA, L. feniculacea, Spr. sativa, L. triquinata, Spr. PATRINIA, Juss. ceratophylla, Hook. PEDICULARIS, L. alata, Pursh ? arctica, Br. bracteosa, Benth. Canadensis, L. capitatá, Stev. Chamissonis, Stev. contorta, Benth. densiflora, Benth. (in note) euphrasioides, Steph. flammea, L. ! gladiata, Mx. Groenlandica, Retz, hirsuta, L. hirsuta, Rich. * Labradorica, L. lanata, W. et A. lanceolata, Pursh, Langsdorfhi, Fisch. Lapponica, L. ` macrodontis, Rich. nasuta, Bieb. Nelsonii, Br. ornithorhynchos, Benth. pallida, Nutt. palustris, Z. palustris, Hook. purpurascens, Spreng. racemosa, Dougl. ramosa, Wormsk. Sudetica, Willd. surrecta, Benth. * Reference to Plate omitted in the Description. < [i T MO RO tà ORO HD LO bO bO EO BOO BO BO LO LO PO bo r5 tO DO PO BO bO LO PO BO RO RO HO E E dO — mm Ei ke DS ben re bi ke u ? cæspitosa, Nutt. (Tas. LV. E "INDEX. PAGE 82 versicolor, Wahl. 82 verticillata, Stev. 226 verticillata, Pursh, 226 Virginica, Poir. 226 Wlassoviana, Stev. 46 Pentstemon, L Hérit. 47 acuminatus, Lindl. 47 attenuatus, Dougl. 269 confértus, Lindl. 268 densatus, Dougl. 269 diffusus, Dougl. 267 | Douglasii, Hook. 290 frutescens, Lamb. 290 Gairdneri, Hook. 106 glandulosus, Lindl. 110 glaucus, Graf. 109 gracilis, Nutt. . 110 gracilis, Bot. Mag. 108 Menziesii, Pursh, 106 nitidus, Dougl. 107 ovatus, Dougl. 108 procerus, Dougl. 110 pruinosus, Dougl. 109 pubescens, Ait. 110 Richardsoni, Doug]. 108 Scouleri, Dougl. 108 serrulatus, Menz. 109 speciosus, Dougl. 109 Tolmiei, Hook. 109 triphyllus, Doug]. 109 venustus, Dougl. 107 PzNTHORIUM, L. 109 sedoides, L. 108 PrenisTYLUS, Lindl. 107 bracteatus, Lindl. 109 Chorisianus, Lindl. 106 PETALOSTEMUM, Mz. 108 candidum, Mz. 107 ornatum, Dougl. 107 violaceum, Mz. 107 Peucedanum Ostruthium, Koch, 109 Puaca, L. ^ 108 . aboriginorum, Hook. ra. LVL 2 109 alpina, L. y 109 - astragalina, DC. 107 bisulcata, Hook. 3 E monto eomm ee ee YO NO A m o NOS BO JO FO NO LO GO FO PO PO RO bo to P9 FO FO RO FO (O9 (2 PO PO (9 BO LO PO IW ;O 310 campestris, Wahl. . i collina, Dougl. Ew. i elegans, Hook. elongata, Hook. e flexuosa, Doug]. . frigida, L. Po XE. glabriuscula, Hook... nigrescens, Hook. > pectinata, Hook. (Tas. LIV.) podocarpa, Hook. . è PuaceLIa, Mz. y iN furcata, Dougl. hastata, Dougl. ` s heterophylla, Pursh, . ; ramosissima, Dougl. Pnuaranrs, L. e d Americana, Ell. TE arundinacea, L. s i Caroliniana, Walt. Phalangium esculentum, Nutt. Quamash, Pursh, PhuaseoLus, Z. helvolus, L. E PHILADELPHEE, Don, . PHILADELPHUS, L. Lewisi, Pursh, = S Puirrsia, Br. . » K algida, Br. . . è algida, 6. Kth. : monandra, Trin. E PuLeum, L. > alpinum, L. commutatum, Gaud. pratense, L. . Purox, L. ^ divaricata, L. Douglasii, Hook. (Tan. CLVII) Hoodii, Rich. ~ Hookeri, Dougl. (Tas. CLIX. ) humilis, Dougl. x . maculata, Jacq. i paniculata, Ait. Richardsoni, Hook. (Tas. CLX) Sabini, Dougl, Sibirica, L. . . ` speciosa, Lindl. » . PHRAGMITES, Trin. : 4 E] e F O O OO OO O O BD O OO BO O O O O BO JO O S et O ON BO PO (D BO A 0n ee INDEX, communis, Trin. Puryma, L. = leptostachya, Z. Phuyrrosranıx, Hook. Scouleri, Hook. (Tas. CLXXXVI) Paysaus, L. . grandiflora, Hook. - Pennsylvanica, Z._ viscosa, Jacq. . Pauxsemarium, Kaulf. obtusum, Hook. PnvsosrEGra, Benth. imbricata, Hook. Virginiana, Benth. PnuvroraccEx, Br. Payroracca, L. decandra, L. . PicrADENIA, Hook. Richardsoni, Hook. (Tas. CVIIL ) PınevicuLa, L. grandiflora, Sm. vulgaris, L. Pinus, L. 4 alba, Soland. Balsamea, L. Banksiana, Lamb. Canadensis, Z. ` distorta, Dougl. Douglasii, - Sabine, CLXXXIII.) grandis, Dougl. inops Sol. . Lambertiana, Dougl. lasiocarpa, Hook. Menziesii, Lamb. Mertensiana, Bong. microcarpa, Du Roi, monticola, Dougl. nigra, Ait. nobilis, Dougl. pendula, Soland. resinosa, Soland. rubra, Lamb. rubra, Mx. + Sabiniana, Dougl. Sitchensis, Bong. Strobus, L. . E] AO dO d$ tO DO PO F0 dO nt go dO PO BO PO PO PO IO gO dO BO dO PO HO GO (2 KBO dO MO PO DO dO tO BO pO bO bO pO PO BO bM yaa lazifolia, Lamb. Pisum maritimum, L. PLANTAGINEA, Juss. Prantaoo, L. . aristata, Mx. . cordata, Lam. elongata, Pursh, gnaphalioides, Wutt. Kentuckensis, Mx. Lagopus, Pursh, lanceolata, Z. macrocarpa, Cham. major, L. . maritima, Z. pauciflora, Pursh, PLATANTHERA, Rich. blephariglottis, Lindl. ciliaris, Lindl. erispa, Lindl. dilatata, Lindl. elegans, Lindl. fimbriata, Lindl. gracilis, Lindl. graminea, Lindl. grandiflora, Lindl. herbiola, Lindi. holopetala, Lindl. Hookeri, Torr. Huronensis, Lindl. hyperborea, Lindl. incisa, Lindl. . Konigii, Lindl. leucostachys, Lindl. Menziesii, Lindl. obtusata, Lindl. (Tas. CXCIX.) orbiculata, Lindl. (Taz. CC.) . psychodes, Lindl. rotundifolia, Lindl. (Tas. CCL) stricta, Lindl. Schismareffiana, Lindl. tipuloides, Lindl. PLATANUOS, L. . occidentalis, L. PLATYPETALUM, Br. dubium, Br. . purpurascens, Br. (Tan. XXIII. ) PLATYSPERMUM, Hook. * e P. “TSE TK PE M9 49 NORD UO NO NO MO LO 10 JO to NO RO 0 0 10 19 MO dO qo JO NO BO NO LO RO dO NO tD NO 40 B) Q0 o 1 (D$ D$ GO 9 ap scapigerum, Hook. (Tas. XVIII. B.) s INDEX. PAGR 164 158 Precrritis, DC. 193 congesta, D C. 123 PLeurocYNE, Eschschol. 124 rotata, L. y 123 PLeurorocon, Br. 124 Sabinii, Br. 124 PLUMBAGINEA, Juss. 123 Poa, L 124 brea, Br. 123 airoides, Vutt. 123 alpina, L. 123 angustata, Br. 123 annua, Z. 124 aquatica, L. 196 aquatica, var. Torr. 199 arctica, Br. 199 arenaria, p. Trin. 200 borealis, Hook. 198 Canadensis, Torr. 196 capillaris, Z. 200 ^ compressa, L. 198 erocata, Mz. 199 distans, Z. 200 elongata, Torr. 197 Jertilis, Host, 199 fasciculata? Torr. 196 festuceeformis, Host, 198 flexuosa, . Wahl. 197 flexuosa, Sm. 200 flexuosa, B. Trin. 198 fluitans, E. Bot. 198 fulva, Trin. 197 glauca, Sm. 196 laxa, Hank. 196 laza, Br. 200 laxa, Wahl. -200 leptocoma, Trin. 199 Michauzit, Kth. 197 nemoralis, Z 195 nervata, Willd, & 158 Nuttalliana, R. et S. 158 obtusa, Muhl. 66 pratensis, L. 66 reptans, Mz. 66 rotundata, Trin. 68 serotina, Gaud. io jo dodo ve He ARES ARS ao we o AA 246 $12 stenantha, Zén, / striata, Mx. . T'orreyana, Spr. Podalyria alba, Willd. lupinoides, Willd. tinctoria, Sims, PoporaYLLE®, DC. . PoporsyLLum, L. : peltatum, Z. Poconta, Juss. : ophioglossoides, Ker, pendula, Lindl. Porawis1A, Rafin. graveolens, Rafin. PoLEMONIACEA, Juss. PoLemonıum, L. acutiflorum, Willd. ceruleum, Z. + eeruleum, Hook. ceruleum, var. Lindl. i humile, Willd. ` lanatum, Fisch. ` moschatum, Wormsk. pulchellum, Bunge, pulcherrimum, Hook, ` Richardsoni, Grah. speciosum, Fisch. ~ villosum, Don, PoLycaLa, Tourn. cruciata, L. -~ : incarnata, Z. . paucifolia, Willd. ^ paucifolia, var.? Nutt. polygama, Walt. (Tas. XXIX) purpurea, Ait. rubella, Willd. Senega, L uniflora, Mz, verticillata, L. PorvcALEx, Juss. . Potyconatum, Desf. * angustifolium, Pursh, canaliculatum, Pursh, hirtum, Pursh, latifolium, Pursh, multiflorum, Desf: . E] TO OUO dO ao tO PO m o mm a on xo o ox om dO b NO NO BO BO bO NO BO PO dO NO LO LO PO e ONDA Re om oom wwe INDEX PAGE 248 pubescens, Pursh, S 248 PoLYGoNE A, Juss. 248 PoLYcoNum, L. 129 alpinum, AZ. 129 amphibium, Z. 129 articulatum, Pursh, 31 aviculare, L. 31 Bistorta, L. ` i 31 bistortoides, Pursh, . . A 201 cilinode, Mz. $ 201 coarctatum, Dougl. 202 coccineum, Pursh, 1 71 coccineum, var. aquat., unb, 71 coccineum, var. terrestr., Pursh, 71 Convolvulus, L. 71 confertiflorum, Dougl. . 71 ellipticum, Willd. 71 Fagopyrum, L 71 filiforme, Bert. 71 Hydropiper, L — . 71 hydropiperoides, Mx. 71 lineare, Menz. S ` 21 linifolium, Muhl. $ x 71 mite, Ell. ; 71 Paronychia, Cham. 71 Persicaria, L. 71 Pennsylvanicum, L. ? 71 sagittatum, Z. 71 tenue, Mz. 84 Virginicum, L. 85 viviparum, L. 84 Potyropium, L. E i 86 calcareum, Pursh, 87 calcareum, Sm. 86 Californicum, Kaulf. š 86 connectile, Mx. ? £ w 86 cruciatum, Kaulf. 85 Dryopteris, Z. d 87 hexagonopterum, Mx. 85 hyperboreum, Sw. 84 Ilvense, Sw. S a 176 intermedium, Hook. . = 176 obtusum, Sw. . e 176 Phegopteris, Z. S 176 Phegopteris, y. Schk. — | 176 Virginicum, L. 176 vulgare, Z. . $ F PNYDYPHNNNNNNYNNNYNNNNHYNYNNYNYONNNYNYNNNNHYNNNONNYNYNNYNNHNYNYONKYNYNNKNHND vulgare, Virginianum, Bong. Polypogon glomeratus, Willd. racemosus, Nutt. setosus, Spr. PonTEDERIACER, Kunth, PonN'TEDERIA, L. cordata, Z. PopuLus, L. balsamifera, L. š ; candicans, Ait. grandidentata, Mz. tremuloides, Mz. trepida, Willd. PorrtuLaca, Tourn. oleracea, L. PorTULACEA, Juss. POTAMOGETON, L. z $ diversifolius, Bart. fluitans, Roth, heterophyllus, Schreb. ^ lucens, Torr. z marinus, L. natans, L. ` pauciflorus, Pursb, pectinatus, Z. š perfoliatus, Z. prælongus, Wulff. pusillus, L $ rufescens, Schrad, e setaceus, Pursh, zostereefolius, Schum. POTENTILLA, Nestl. x absinthiifolia, Dougl. . anserina, L. -argentea, L. arguta, Pursh, (Tan. vum, arguta, Lehm. biflora, Lehm. bipinnatifida, Doug. Canadensis, L: Caroliniana, Poir. i chrysantha, Trev. : . Comarum, Nestl. A concinna, Rich. (Tas. LXVII) confertiflora; Torr. dealbata, Doug]. : dissecta, D C. VOL. ll. EI mom omo nomo A A e hen A A A dO dO RO dO dO ND BO dO dO GO DO RO NO ÀO LO R9 e f go (D PO BO PO BO PO PO FO ÉO NHN oe INDEX. PAGE 258 diversifolia, Zehm. 237. Drummondii, Lehm, (Tas. LXV) 237 effusa, Dougl. t 237 emarginata, Pursh, 187 Jerruginea, Dougl. 187 flabelliformis, Lehm. (Tan. LXVI) 187 Jloribunda, Pursh, 153 fragiformis, Lehm. 153 fruticosa, L. . 154 fruticosa, B. Nestl. 154 gracilis, Dougl. 154 grossa, Dougl. 154 Gunneri, Hort. 222 Hippeana, Lehm. (Tas, LXIV.) 222 hirsuta, Mz. 222 hirsuta, Vahl, 171 Jamesoniana, Grev. 172 leucophylla, Torr. 172 micrantha, Ledeb. 172 Millegrana, Dougl. 172 Monspeliensis, L. 172 Morrisoni, DC. 171 nana, Lehm. . . 172 nivalis, Torr. 3 $ 172 nivea, L. x 172 Norvegica, L. 172 obliqua, Dougl. 172 opaca, L. : . 172 palustris, Scop. . . 172 pectinata, Fisch. 172 Pennsylvanica, L; 185 pulchella, Br. 188 pulcherrima, Lehm. 189 pumila, Lam. 191 retusa, Retz, . $ 186 rubricaulis, Lehm. 188 sarmentosa, Muhl. E » 195 sarmentosa, Willd. 188 sericea, L. j S 4 192 simplex, Mz. . z * 192 supina, L. ` 193 tenuifolia, Herb. Willd. 187 tridentata, Ait» S 193 villosa, Pall. . e 186 Vahliana, Lehm. S 188 uniflora, Ledeb. 193 PoteEr1um, L.. -. e e 2R P rr FP Pi Ei NL CNN M ec ced NN NN Es ba be ba re B 314 annuum, Vutt. Sanguisorba, L Pothos fetida, Mx. à Prenanthes alba, Willd. altissima, Willd. cordata, Ell. . Juncea, Dougl. juncea, Pursh, racemosa, Mx. Serpentaria, Pursh, PRIMULA, L. Egalicensis, Horn. farinosa, L. farinosa, Sw. . Jarinosa, p. Wahl. Finmarchica, Willd. . Hornemanniana, Rich. integrifolia, Œd. Mistassinaca, Mx. nivalis, Pall. . e Norvegica, Retz, 2 pusilla, Hook. saxifragifolia, Lehm. Scotica, Hook. Sibirica, Jacq. stricta, Horn. PRIMULACEE, Juss. Prinos, L. 5 glaber, L Gronovii, Mx. verticillatus, L. Proserrinaca, L. palustris, L. PruneLLa, Benth. Pennsylvanica, L. vulgaris, Z Prunus, Tourn. borealis, Pursh, Canadensis, Willd. Chicasa, Pursh, depressa, Pursh, hyemalis, Mx. ^ Insititia, Walt. XC `- lanceolata, Willd. ^ nigra, Ait. obovata, Big. . Pennsylvanica, L. < 3 E ei kat Eat kt "ai bei pi "bai Fei kat Fa NO BO Ri ra ta ri bt bai bai Ri RR RR ER RRRRRRRRR era r bb R ri ra INDEX PAGE 198 pumila, L. . . 198 spinosa, L. . 169 serotina, Ehrh. , 294 Susquehane, Wild. . | . 294 Virginiana, L. , 294 Virginiana, Nutt. 295 Psamma arenaria, Beauv. 295 PsonaLEa, L. 294 arenaria, Nutt, e 294 argophylla, Pursh, (Tas. LII. ) 120 brachiata, Dougl. (Tas. LIII. ) 121 candida, Poir. 120 elliptica, Pursh, 120 incana, Nutt. 120 lanceolata, Pursh, (Tas. LI. ) 121 macrostachya, DC. 120 physodes, Dougl. 4 121 violacea, Poir. 120 Prerıs, L. : 120 aquilina, L. . = 121 atropurpurea, Z. 120 caudata, Pursh, 121 gracilis, Mz. E : 121 gracilis, var.? Rich. . 7 120 lanuginosa, H, et A. 120 Prerosrora, Nutt. 118 Andromedea, Nutt. x 121 Pulmonaria denticulata, Rom. 122 lanceolata, Pursh, 121 marginata, Nutt. 121 maritima, L. . 215 paniculata, Ait. 215 parviflora, Mx. 114 pilosa, Cham. ; 114 Sibirica, Pursh, 3 ^ 114 Pursuia; DC. 167 tridentata, DC. (TAB. Lem. ) 168 PvcNANTHEMUM, Mz. S .169 incanum, Mz. 168 Pyreturum, Willd. 168 Caucasicum, Willd. ~. ` 168 inodorum, ‚Sm, S 3 168 Pxnora, L. 168 aphylla, Sm. (Tan, CXXXVII. ) 167 . asarifolia, Torrey, ` 169 asarifolia, Mx. EE e 168 bracteata, Hook. Fe T WERNER rm dO QO Q0 qO MD GO GO IO JO QD JO RO RD RO MO DN m f f S I rn É chlorantha, Sw. (Tar. CXXXIV.) convoluta, Banks. dentata, Sm. (Tas. CXXXVL) elliptica, Vutt. (Tas. CXXXV.) Groenlandica, Horn. : incarnata, Fisch. maculata, L. Menziesii, Br. minor, L. * occidentalis, Don, phytolaccoides, Lyon, picta, Sm. : pumila, Horn. rosea, Pursh, rotundifolia, L _ rotundifolia, Mx. secunda, L umbellata, L. uniflora, Z. Pyrrocoma, Hook. carthamoides, Hook. ( (Tan. CVIL) Pyrus, Lindi. Americana, DC. arbutifolia, Z Botryapium, L. melanocarpa, Willd. ovalis, Willd. rivularis, e? (Taz. LXVIIL) sanguinea, Pursh, Queria Canadensis, L. Quercus, L. alba, L. Bamnisteri, Mz. - Garryana, Dougl. 5 E obtusiloba, Mz. rubra, L. : i H tinctoria, Bartr. : RANUNCULACEAE, Juss. RANUNCULUS, L. abortivus, L. acris, L. affinis, Br. (Tan. VI. A) aquatilis, L. . $ aquatilis, B. Schk. . le arcticus, Rich. A brevicaulis, Hook. Gig VIL së ) bulbosus, L. . z Er reeche to aka to ren in rt e a to no do ko bo ito do io 19 To KO Io to we 19 1o (o E . Canadensis, Jacq. cardiophyllus, Hook. (Tas. Mi B.) Carolinianus, DC. . 2 Cymbalaria, Pursh, Escholtzii, Schl. fascicularis, Muhl. (Tas. VIII. A.) fascicularis, Schl. filiformis, Mx. Flammula, Z. fluviatilis, Willd. fluviatilis, Big. glaberrimus, Hook. (Tas. V. A) Gmelini, Schk. S halophilus, Schl. hispidus, Mz. , hyperboreus, Roth, Langsdor fü, DC. Lapponicus, L. multifidus, Pursh, nitidus, Muhl. nitidus, Walt. nivalis, L. nivalis, B. Walt. nivalis, y. Br. orthorhynchus, Hook. (Tas. IX) ovalifolius, Pursh, ovalis, Raf. (Tas. VI. B.) Pallasii, Schi, pantothriz, Brot. pedatifidus, Sm. (Tas. VIII. B.) Pennsylvanieus, Z. Purshii, Rich. (Tas. VII. B) Purshii, Rich. Purshii, p. Rich. pygmeus, Wahl. recurvatus, Poir. repens, Z. 2 reptans, L. à s rhomboideus, Gold. a 4 Sabini, Br. . S salsuginosus, Pall. sceleratus, bie Schlechtendalii, Mon septentrionalis, Pursh, stagnatilis, Wallr. sulphureus, Sol. Razomowshia Caucasica, Hoffm. 316 RezouLEa, Kth. gracilis, Kth. RESTIACEE, Br. Rhabdocrinum ee Reich. Ruamnex, Br. 2 : RHAMNUs, Lam. alnifolius, L’ Hérit. (Tan XLII) alpinus, Rich. ? cuneatus, Hook. Sranguloides, Mx. oleifolius, Hook. (Tas. XLIV.) Purshianus, D C. (Tas. XLIII. z RHINANTHOS, L. x Crista Galli, Z Rhodiola rosea, L. > RHODODENDRON, Don, albiflorum, Hook. (Tas. CXXXIIL) Kamtschaticum, Pall. Lapponicum, Wahi. maximum, Pursh, nudiflorum, PursA, viscosum, Pursh, Ruopora, L. Canadensis, L. Ruyncnospora, F ahi, alba, Vahl, capitellata, Vahl, E glomerata, Vahl, 2 ^ Ruvs, L. à aromatica, Ait. glabra, L. lobata, Hook. (Tas. XLVI) radicans, L. ; Toxicodendron, L. Toxicodendron, «. Mx. Tozicodendron, B. Torr. typhina, Z. : A ` yenenata, DC. A " Vernix, Z. Rises, L. affine, Dougl. d albinervium ? Mx. aureum, Pursh, aureum, Coll. aureum, var. Dougl. .- ‘bracteosum, Dougl. . cereum, Dougl. : $ $ F be bet pul pu bei bet ` bei Fei rei toi ke bei ei Eat roi tri ag bag ra NO BO NO ND NO ND dO NO bo BN) LO NY O A RR o MM Re fM € A RR RR viscosissimum, Pursh,(Tas. LXXVI) INDEX. PAGE o 249 Cynosbati, Mz. 249 divaricatum, Doug]. 187 echinatum, Dougl. 183 ferox, Sm. F 122 flavum, Berl. . 122 floridum, L’ Hérit. . 192 Juchsioides, Fl. Mex. 129 glandulosum, Ait. 194 glandulosum, Rich. 120 hirtellum, Mz. 123 Hudsonianum, Rich. 123 irriguum, Dougl. 106 lacustre, Pursh, 106 laxiflorum, Pursh, 227 laziflorum, Rich. 42 malvaceum, Sm. 43 Menziesii, Pursh, 43 nigrum, Rich. 43 oxyacanthoides, Z. 42 oxyacanthoides, Rich.- 43 oxyacanthoides, Mx. 42 Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 42 petiolare, Dougl. 42 prostratum, ZL’ Hérit. : 233 recurvatum, Mx. 233 rigens, Big. 233. rubrum, L. 233 sanguineum, Pursh, 196 sazatile, Dougl. 197 saxosum, Dougl. 126 setosum, Lindl. 127 speciosum, Pursh, 127 stamineum, Sm. 127 tenuiflorum, Lindl. 127 triacanthum, Menz. 127 trifidum, Mz. 126 triflorum, Willd. 126 triflorum, Big. 126 229 Ricotia linifolia, Rem. -232 Rosınıa, DC. 232 Pseudacacia, Z. x 235 Rochelia deflexa, Rom. 235 Lappula, Reem. 235 Virginiana, Rom. 233 Romanzorria, Cham. 234 Sitchensis, Bong. me RR Ri ra ra dO oe ee ba ba ba bai ra bai bei bai ra ba rä ba ri ra ba ra bai bai bai ba bar bad eR ee ee eo PAGE 231 Unalaschkana, Cham. Rosa, Tourn. blanda, Ait. blanda, Pursh, Carolina, L Carolina, 2. Ait. Caroliniana, Big. cinnamomea, L. fraxinifolia, Bork. frazinifolia, a. DC. levigata? Mz. lucida, Ehrh. majalis, Retz, nitida, Willd. pendulina, L. Pennsylvanica, Mx. stricta, Muhl. Woodsii, Lindl. RosacEz, Juss. Rosiacez, Me. Rusvs, L. acaulis, Mz. egopodioides, Sw. arcticus, L. Canadensis, L. Canadensis? Torr. Chamæmorus, L. Dalibarda, L. flagellaris, Willd. hispidus, L.? Ideus, B. Rich. leucodermis, Dougl. macropetalus, Dougl. (TaB. LIX. ) Menziesii, Hook. mucronatus, Ser. myriacanthus, Dougl. nivalis, Dougl. Nutkanus, Moc. obovalis, Mx. obovatus, Mz. (Tas. LX.) occidentalis, Mz. odoratus, L. parviflorus? Nutt. pedatus, Sm. (Tas. LXI.) Pennsylvanicus, Poir. pistillatus, Sm. propinguus, Rich. Fi Fi P Fa rc: F procumbens, Muhl. saxatilis, 8. Mx. sempervirens, Big. setosus, Big. spectabilis, Pursh, stellatus, Sm. stenopetalus, Fisch. strigosus, Andr. ` triflorus, Rich. (Tas. LXII) trivialis, Mz. 4 villosus, Ait. Rupseckta, Cass. columnaris, Nutt. laciniata, Schrad. E 5 Rumex, L. : : $ Acetosa, L. Acetosella, Z. acutus, L. * x aquaticus, B. Wahl. š K crispus, L. 3 A e digynus, L. domesticus, Hartm. maritimus, L.? . Nemolapathum, Ehrh. pallidus, Big. persicarioides, Z. salicifolius, Weinm. sanguineus, L. DH venosus, Pursh, (Tas. CLXXIV) verticillatus, Rich. viridis, Sibth. Roppra, L. maritima, L. RvrAcEz, Juss. * 3 SABBATIA, Adans. angularis, Pursh, campanulata, Torrey, gracilis, Salisb. Sacına, L. 5 " : procumbens, L. SAGITTARIA, L. : A acutifolia, Pursh, gracilis, Pursh, S graminea, Pursh, hastata, Pursh, heterophylla, Pursh, latifolia, Pursh, WNW MD ORO AO MO MO A f» NO qo OA dO dO LO NO dO NO NO NO 1Ó PO MO HO NO dO dO O Q7 ÁO HO HEE EHP ee m m e nn n nf 318 < A AMA ae sagittifolia, L. 5 simplex, Pursh, SAMBUCUS, L. . 4 d Canadensis, L. pubens, Mx. " racemosa, L. . - SALICORNIA, L. annua, E. Bot. fruticosa, Sm, herbacea, L. . radicans, Sm. i SaLrx, L. % 4 acutifolia, Willd. $ i adenophylla, Hook. Ammanniana ? Rich. = Anglorum, Cham. s $ arctica, Br. > arenaria, H. et A. . x balsamifera, Barr. Barrattiana, Hook. (Tan. CLXXXI. ) candida, Pursh, cordata, Willd. cordata, Rich. cordata, Mx. cordifolia, Pursh, desertorum, Rich. depressa, Hoffin. discolor, Wilid. . Drummondiana, Barr. ms. — . faleata, Pursh, e fragilis, Z.. . x fusca, Z. . Helvetica ? Ball herbacea, L. Hookeriana, Barr. 7 (Tas. CLXXX) Lapponum? Z. d longifolia, Willd. lucida, Willd. Machenzieana, Barr. Myrsinites, Z nigra, Willd. nivalis, Hook. obovata? Pursh, pedicellaris, Pursh, petiolaris, ‚Sm. planifolia, Pursh, x 4 polaris, Wahi. ý y SIE III. EA Richardsoni, Hook. (Tas. CLXXXIL) bipinnatifida, Dougl. (Ton, XCII. ) Menziesii, H. et Gr. (Tan. Xo) EI I o d jo io ws Hi RR — o ba baM nm INDEX. PAGB 167 prinoides, Pursh, 167 purpurea, L. 278 repens, E. Bot. 279 reticulata, Z. 279 retusa, L. 279 125 rigida, Willd. 125 rosmarinifolia, Z 125 rostrata, Rich. 125 rubra, Rich. 125 Scouleriana, Barr. 144 serpyllifolia, Scop. 150 speciosa, H. et A. 146 Stuartiana, Sm. 153 vestita, Pursh, 153 villosa, Don, ? 152 viminalis, Z. 151 Uva ursi, Pursh, 149 SaLvıa, L. t 146° carnosa, Doug]. 144 lyrata, B. Pursh, 149 obovata, Ell. 149 SALVINIACER, Bartl. 150 SaLvınıa, L. E 152 natans, L. 151 SANGUINARIA, L, 151 Canadensis, L. 147 SANGUISORBA, L. 144 Canadensis, L. 149 media, L. 148 SANICULA, L. 148 arctopioides, H. et Gr. (Tas. 146 XCI.) 153 145 Canadensis, L. 151 Marylandica, L. 149 148 SANTALACEZ, Br. 149 Santolina suaveolens, Pak; 151 Sarraceniex, De la Pyl. 148 SARRACENIA, L. 152 ` purpurea, Z. 152 Sassarras, N. ab E. 150 officinale, W. ab E. 148 Satyrium repens, L. cm SAURUREZ, Rich. m m m m m m RRE RK dO ND KKK RR tO (dO EO bo b WD PAGE 150 148 149 148 153 SAURURUS, L. cernuus, L. SaussunEA, DC. alpina, DC. monticola, Rich. multiflora, Rich. SAXIFRAGA, L. estivalis, Fisch. Aizoon, Jacq. aizoides, Sm. amplezifolia, Sternb. androsacea, L. arguta, Don, aspera, Bieb. autumnalis, L. bicolor, Sternb. bronchialis, Z. ceespitosa, L, cespitosa, Sm. cernua, L. 4 Chamissoi, Sternb. Clusii, Ser. . coriacea, Fisch. Dahurica, Pall. elongata, Sternb. Eschscholtzii, Sternb. Eschscholtzii, Cham. exarata, Vill. exilis, Steph. Jerruginea, Grah. Jfimbriata, Don, ` Fischeri, DC. flagellaris, Willd, (Tan. LXXXVIL) foliolosa, Br. . Geum, Pursh, gracilis, Steph. gracilis, Sternb. Grenlandica, L. ' heterantha, (Tas. LXXXVIII. ar hieracifolia, Kit. Hirculus, L. : hirsuta, B. Ser. hyperborea, Br. integrifolia, Hook. (Tas. LXXXVL) Jamesii, Torr. (Tas. LXXXIV.) D "e to to l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 INDEX. PAGE 143 Laurentiana, Ser. > $ 170 leucanthemifolia, Mz. 143 micrantha, Fisch. . 170 myosotifolia, Pall. 303 Nelsoniana, Don, . ` 303 Nelsoniana, Hook. 303 nervosa, Lap. 303 nivalis, Z. 249 nudicaulis, Don, 251 nutans, Don, 255 oppositifolia, L. 243 pectinata, Pursh, 256 Pennsylvanica, Z. ` 1 244 petrea, L. 251 planifolia, Cham. 253 plantaginifolia, Hook... 255 Pone, Sternb. j 243 propinqua, Br. a . 254 punctata, L. . * M 244 pyrolifolia, Don, s ‘ 244 ranunculifolia, . Hook. (Tas. 245 LXXXIIL) > 254 reflexa, Hook. (Taz. LXXXV) 250 Richardsonii, Hook. 256 rivularis, L. . 250 rupestris, Willd. 248 setigera, Pursh, 243 serpyllifolia, Pursh, 243 Sibirica, Z. 244 sileniflora, Cham. 245 spicata, Don, ^ e 250 stellaris, L. . 243 stellaris, p. Willd. 243 stellaris, y. L. 253 tricuspidata, Retz, 251 venosa, Haw. 251 venosa ? Haw. 252 vernalis, Willd. ` s 252 Virginiensis, Mz. : d 254 Virginiensis, Torr. . 252 uniflora, Br. . S : 249 | SAXIFRAGER, Juss. E - 252 | ScHEUCHZERIA, L. ^ " 251 . palustris, Z. . ^ . 246 ScHizEA, Sw. A 2 249 australis, Gaud. 247 filifolia, De la Pyl. Wa Ma n my MA we BU he be 99 4 br A [ANM Fo bd ra Fab ke be Fe Fe ki be bet rat Fe rei E e Fe roi Ft e La 320 pusilla, Br. Schenus albus, L. glomeratus, L. monoicus, Sm. spathaceus, L. Schollera graminifolia, Willd. Scilla esculenta, 8. Hook. Scirpus, Br. ^ acicularis, L. S acutus, Muhl. Americanus, » atrovirens, Muhl. + Baobothryon, Ehrh. Bellardi, Wahl. cespitosus, E. Bot. capillaceus, Muhl. capitatus, Walt. . Eriophorum, Mr. lacustris, Z. . lenticularis, T'orr. macrostachyos, Muhl. maritimus, Z. maritimus, p. Mx. mucronatus, Pursh, multicaulis, E. Bot. . obtusus, Willd. ovatus, Pursh, palustris, L. palustris, 8. L. us pauciflorus, E. Bot. polyphyllus, Pursh, pungens, Vahl, robustus, Pursh, spathaceus, Mz. subterminalis, Torr. sylvaticus, L. tenuifolius, DC. thyrsiflorus, Willd. trichodes, Muhl. triqueter, Z. . validus, Vahl, SCROPHULARIA, L. Marylandica, L. nodosa, var. Mx.` ScrOPHULARINEA, Juss. SCÜTELLARIA, L. ambigua, Nutt, 3 P tO tO qo tO bO BO bO BO RO hO LO bO LO hO b bO bÓ bO hO BO HRH CN ENEE ENNER CHERCHER RER INDEX. PAGE 265 angustifolia, Ph. 233 antirrhinoides, Benth. 233 canescens, Nutt. 233 galericulata, Z. 233 incana, Spr. 187 laterifolia, L. 186 parvula, Mz. 229 serrata, Spr. : 229 Sepum, DC. . ; ` 229 Douglasii, Hook.’ S e 999 Rhodiola, DC. 230 spathulifolium, Hook. 229 stenopetalum, Pursh, e 228 ternatum, Mz. 229 Serınum, Hoffm. 229 Canadense, Mx. x 229 terebinthinum, Hook. (Tas. XCY.) 230 Senecio, L. E P 229 atriplicifolius, Hook. . 230 aureus, L. 230 Balsamita, Muhl. 230 Canadensis, L.. ` 230 canus, Hook. (Tas. CXVL) 229 Cymbalaria, Pursh, 228 eremophyllus, Rich. . 229 Jastigiatus, Schwein. á 229 frigidus, Less. (Tas. CXII.) 228 gracilis, Pursh, É 228 hieraciifolius, Mz. " à 229 Kalen, L. . e S 230 Kalmii, H. et A. 4 = 229 integrifolius, Nutt. — . r 230 lugens, Rich. (Tas. CXIV.) 232 obovatus, Willd. E 3 229 pauciflorus, Pursh, . à 230 pauciflorus, Pursh, 229 palustris, L. 230 Pseudo- Arnica, Less. (Tas. CXIIL) 229 resedifolius, Less. (Tas. CXVII.) 229 Serra, Hook. . 229 triangularis, Hook, (Tan xv) 94 vulgaris, L. . 94 SERIOCARPUS, Nees; . $ .94 rigidus, Lindl, € . 93 solidaginoides, Nees, P 114 Serpicula occidentalis, Pursh, . 115 verticillata, L. E > 3 S RR RR ra Fa Fa bat Fi Fa ra Fa eat rei bei Fe rat Eat te ti rei rei ke bei bei ei bei rei ken e — ra Fa ba ta A ba rr E B) OL tO Dw 4 PAGE 114 115 114 227 227 228 228 266 331 333 332 334 333 333 332 335 332 Serratula arvensis, L. Noveboracensis, L. prealta, L. scariosa, L. squarrosa, L. SESELI, L. = divaricatum, Ps. leiocarpum, Hook. (T A». XCIIL) triternatum, Pursh, (Tas. XCIV.) SETARIA, Beauv. glauca, Beauv. SHEPHERDIA, Nutt. argentea, Nutt. (TaB. OLXXVIIL) Canadensis, Nutt. 2 SıBBALDIA, Ledeb. e erecta, L. procumbens, L. Sicyos, L.. FÉ . angulatus, Z. . lobatus, Mx. Siva, Cav. x $ coccinea, DC. y malveeflora, Lindl. e Sreversia, Willd. anemonoides, Willd. . humilis? Br. . glacialis, Br. . radiata, Mx. . Rossii, Br. . = rotundifolia, Cham. triflora, Br. . SILENE, L. acaulis, Z Antirrhina, Z. Armeria, L. E Douglasii, Hook. : Drummondii, Hook. inflata, Sm. Menziesii, Hook. (Tas. Niceensis, Cham.? . Pennsylvanica, Mz. Scouleri, Hook. ` stellata, Ait. Virginica, Z. i Sison Canadensis, L. aureus, Spr. . S SISYMBRIUM, Al. VOL. Il. < S T n LL Ft ` pt re Fei Fi Fi bei ` Eet be ` Fei ` Fei ` bei Fei ` Fei ` Fei et ` bet ` bet Fe Fe bei Fa Fa SS oe oe l i Á amphibium, L. arabidoides, Hook. (Tas. XXL) brachycarpum, Rich. canescens, Nutt. curvisiliqua, Hook. : humile, Ledeb. : i junceum, Bieb. Nasturtium, L. officinale, Scop. Sophia, var. ? Rich. Sophia, Cham. ^ sophioides, Fisch. = XX.) terrestre, Sm. T SISYRINCHIUM, L, anceps, L. gramineum, Lam. ? grandiflorum, Dougl. mucronatum, Mz. 2 ^ Sıum, Koch, Canadense, Lam. ? Douglasii, DC. latifolium, Z. $ lineare, Mz. SmiLacra, Br. : Smitacına, Desf. A . bifolia, Rem. e borealis, Gawl. borealis, ß, Roem. racemosa, Desf. stellata, Desf. triflora, Desf. $ uniflora, Menz. (Tas. 0x0.) è SmiLax, L. . caduca ? Willd. 5 e herbacea, L. ý ? lasioneuron, Hook. (Tas. CLXXXVII. A.) è peduncularis, Muhl.. (Tas. CLXXXVII. B.) quadrangularis? Willd. rotundifolia, L Smyrnium aureum, L. . d cordatum, Walt. i A nudicaule, Pursh, trifoliatum, Nutt. SOLANEÆ, Juss. SoraNuM, L. Ki KE Kr ra SF Dw w t2 tO FO tO MO (D JO MO NO O ba mom D FO HD FD MO Re — ab m ba ba ba eens 322 e INDEX. VOL, PAGE VOL, PAGE nigrum, L. 2 90 leucopheus, Willd. 1 293 triflorum, Nutt. +9 90 - oleraceus, L. 1 “292 Sorrpaco, L. 2 1 ^ pallidus, Willd. 11:208 altissima, Ait. 2 2 Sibiricus, Z. yb. 993 altissima ? Ait. 2 2 Sophora fabacea, Pall. l 128 "altissima, B. Ait. 2 Li lupinoides, Pall. 1 129 arguta, Ait. 2 3 lupinoides, e. L. ? 1 128 asperata, Herb. Tika, 2 3 tinctoria, L. 1 129 azillaris, Herb. Banks, 2 4 Sorbus Americana, Pursh,- 1 204 bicolor, Ait. 2 3 Aucuparia, B. Mx. ` 1 204 - 'eesia, L. Dit 5 SPARGANIUM, L. : 2 169 '^Canadensis, Ait. dg 1 ` erectum, L. 2 169 - eonfertiflora, Nutt. 2 4 — érectum, B. L.” 2 169 elata, Herb. Banks, 2 x natans, L. 2; 169 «flexicaulis, Hook. 2 4 ramosum, Sm. . 2 169 gigantea, Ait. 9 2 simplex, Sm. 2 169 glomerata, Mx. ? Binnen 4 Spartina, Schreb. 2 22 graminifolia, Nutt. S 6 eynosuroides, Willd. .2 242 humilis, Herb. Banks, 2 5 polystachya, Willd. 2 ..942 juncea, Ait. Sg SPECULARIA, Heist. Ds 29 " devigata, Ait. “2 4 ‘perfoliata, Alph. DC. 22> 28 lanata, Hook. 2 ^4 SPERGULA, L. T -92 * lanceolata, Z E Quiste -< arvensis, L. E A A ‚lateriflora, Ait. A decumbens, Ell. take dave 0n latifolia, L. Herb. . toed ung 5 ` mazima, Weih. e E macrophylla, Herb. Banks, ‘Qo A nodosa, L. 14298 multiradiata, Ait. ; 2 5 . pentandra, Sm. HE `. nemoralis, Ait. jo ad 2- 3 s procumbens, B. L. .— 1.293 '- odora, Ait. re S ramosissima, Dougl. . DE EE - pilosa, Mill. Bud 9 “saginoides, Z. B “procera, Ait. d miu 2 ~ Saginoides, Curt. BS 1:55:93 - rigida, Ait. E Gear: ‘subulata, Swartz, t el 01:98 * rugosa, Willd. *2 9 Spergulastrum gramineum, Mx. 1 94 Sarothra, Pursh, 2 523 ‘lanceolatum, - Mx. OB MS sempervirens, Ait. BER.” Ber za, L. I:s4371 serotina, Ai. — ^. vigas 2 acuminata, Dougl. 1::55473 squamosa, Nutt. AST 4 alba, Ehrh. cd: E72 stricta, Ait. E 2: 4. | “ariefolia Sm. | ES ` tenuifolia, Rich. : BA 6. Aruncús, L. (X. des M 73- - villosa, Herb. Banks, > Ca .9 -| 2 betulefolia, Pall. = 120,172 . viminea, Ait. dd C capitata, Pursh, y 171 .- Virgaurea, Ait. "v9 5 “chamedrifolia, L. 1.371 " Virgaurea, Pursh ? VENIM E - - discolor, Pursh, 144/518 Soncuus, L. il gea po 999 + — Douglasii, Hook. .. 2 cdaiend 7a Alpinus, Z ne 893 hypericifolia, Zo. Ae ed - arvensis, . L. S * 1 - 292 ` lucida, Dougl. s qh Lae? carúleus, Sm. : c oot la 1:293 ^ "Menziesii, Hook... monogyna, Torr. opulifolia, Z salicifolia, Mz. salicifolia, y. Ait. sorbifolia, Z tomentosa, L. trifolioliata, L. SPIRANTHES, Rich. cernua, Rich. decipiens, Hook. (Tas. ccıY.) gracilis, Bigel. (Tas. CCIIL,) ? Unalaschkensis, Spreng. Sporobolus tenacissimus, Beauv. STAPHYLAA, L. trifolia, L. Sracuys, L. . ambigua, E. Bot. aspera, Mz. ciliata, Doug. Faniculum, Pursh, hispida, Mx. : palustris, L, 5 e STATICE; L. Armeria, L. Caroliniana, Walt. STELLARIA, L. E. aquatica, Pall. 3 borealis, Big. crassifolia, Cham. crassifolia, B. Wahl. crispa, Cham. Edwardsii, Br. Ya XXXI ) gracilis, Rich. A graminea, Big. graminea, y. L. humifusa, Rottb. leta, Rich. lanceolata, Torr. longifolia, Muhl. longipes, Gold. media, Sm. nitida, Hook. ovalifolia, Hook. palustris, «. Rich. palustris, B. Rich. stricta, Rich. stricta, a. Rich. 4 S P woo. Er E AS te 10 40 FO KORRES rc “ho Go oli Hin io ‘sa bo Hd e A ee we WS BO bO bO S0 PO EH yn” 4 e di 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 d INDEX PAGE 171 uliginosa, Murr. 171 Stellara lathreoides, Fisch. 172 Stenactis annua, Nees, . 173 dubia, Cass. ¿173 Sripa, L. 172 Canadensis, Poir. 174 capitata, LL. 202. ` hymenoides, R. et S. 202 Juncea, Mx. .203 Juncea, Pursh ? 202 membranacea, Pursh, „197 ‚parviflora, Nutt. .239 ` Sparta, Trin. 119 STREPTOPUS, Mz. 119 amplexifolius, DC. . 116 distortus, Mz.(Tas. CLXXXVIIL A.) 2 116 lanuginosus, Mx. 116 roseus, Mz. (Tas. CLXXXVIII. B.) 2 116 Strophostyles helvola, El. L 115 Struthiopteris Pennsylvanica, Willd. 116 Swerria, L. i : 116 "Americana, Spreng. 123 corniculata, Mx. E 123 Michauxiana, R. et S. 123 perennis, L, 94 sulcata, Fries, 5 93 SYMPLOCARPUS, Salisb. 94 foetidus, Vutt. 97 Kamtschaticus, Bong. 97 TaLinum, Adams, 97 -? Menziesii, Hook. (Tas. LXX) 96 TANACETUM, L. ^ d 97 camphoratum, L. 94 matricarioides, Less. 93 pauciflorum, Rich. 97 ? suaveolens, Hook, m Cx. x 96 vulgare, Z. 95 Taxopıum, Rich. S 94 sempervirens, Lamb. 95 Taxus, L. 94 baccata, Z. 96 Canadensis, Willd. 97 TELLIMA, Br. 96 grandiflora, Dougl. . 96 parviflora, Hook, (Taz. LXXVIII. A.) 96 Tepurosia, Pers. 96 Virginiana, Pers. 323 PAGE 324 $ TEREBINTHACEE, Juss. TETRANTHERA, Jacq. Californica, W. et A. TEUCRIUM, L. Canadense, L. THALICTRUM, L. anemonoides, Mz. Canadense, Corn. clavatum, DC. Cornuti, L. (Tas. IL) corynellum, DC. $ diocium, L. d : Japonicum, Thunb. levigatum, Mx. pubescens, Pers. purpurascens, Br. ; . revolutum, DC. ? Tuasrıum, Nutt. : acteifolium, Nutt. N S aureum, Nutt. TueErmorsis, Br. fabacea, DC, lanceolata, Br. rhombifolia, Nutt. (Tas. XLVIL) Thesium umbellatum, L. Turasrr, L. alpestre, Z. . alpinum, Jacq. arvense, L. i Bursa Pastoris, Pink, S cochleariforme, DC. montanum, L. precoz, Wulf. Tuusa, £L. excelsa, Bong. gigantea, Nutt. E : Menziesti, Doug). occidentalis, Z. Y plicata, Lamb. spheroidalis, Rich. THYMELEA, Juss. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook. curvipes, Hook. (Tas. XVIII. i3 ASEELLA, D. iz colorans, Grah. cordifolia, L. . laciniata, Hook. (Tan. LXXVII. ) 4 om om om cs s BO FO RR BO LO BD H EH — — — x bi bai d rs — E xm on re ba ai ba ta ra bai m rm bar era EP bäi RR Bra > ? Menziesii, Pursh, Menziesii ? Pursh, . x triandra, Dougl. š trifoliata, L. unifoliata, Hook. ( Tis: LXXXL) Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, 'TirracEez, Juss. Tiri, Z. Americana, L. Americana, Walt. Canadensis, Mx. glabra, Vent. pubescens, Ait. Tortetpia, Huds. . . borealis, Cham. borealis, Wahl. coccinea, Rich. à glutinosa, Pursh, (Tas. CXCL) palustris, Huds. . pusilla ? Pursh, . . Tormrea, Hook. occidentalis, Hook. TowNsENDIA, Hook. e è sericea, Rich. (Tas. CXIX.) Trachynotis Em Mx. TRADESCANTIA, L. Virginica, L. Trichochloa glomerata, Trin. calycina, Trin. Trichodine laxiflora, Mx. Trichodium de bens, Mx. scabrum, Muhl. Trichophorum alpinum, Pursh, cyperinum, Pers. Hudsonianum, Nutt. TricHoPHYLLUM, Nutt. integrifolium, Hook. lanatum, Nutt. $ y TRICHOSTEMMA, L. dichotomum, L. 3 lanceolatum, Benth. oblongum, Benth, TRIENTALIS, L. arctica, Fisch. Americana, Pursh, Europea, Cham. . E Europea, var. Mx... i Vd BO BO BO geg BD 0 er BO PO BO BO BO bO BO LO RRE Rea Fa ra ra ba Fa eee ee eg P E) F latifolia, Hook. TeıroLıum, L.. altissimum, Dougl. (Tan. XLVIII. ) arvense, L. _ cyathiferum, Lindl. (Tas. Ka? fimbriatum, Lindl. ¢ involucratum, Willd. . A megacephalum, Wutt. microcephalum, Pursh, officinale, L. . Pennsylvanicum, Wilid. plumosum, Dougl. Soar eme pratense, L. repens, L. : y . spinulosum, Dougl. tridentatum, Lindl. Willdenovii, Spr. . TeısLocnın, L. E S maritimum, Z. : e palustre, Z. Teırrıum, L . a $ cernuum, L, erectum, L. erythrocarpum, Mz. erythrocarpum, Bot. Mag. grandiflorum, Salisb. s Kamtschaticum, Pall. A obovatum, Pursh, ovatum, Pursh, S pendulum, Willd. ^ petiolatum, Pursh, SH cxi) pictum, Pursh, rhomboideum, Mx. . rhomboideum, var. Mx. Triodia melicoides, Spreng. Triphora pendula, Nutt. TrıroLıum, Dod. ^ angustum, Lindl. pauciflorum, Nees, S TriseTUM, Br. : airoides, R. et S. E 5 mollis, Kih. . i S purpurascens, Torr. E subspicatum, Beauv. . y TrITELETA, Hook. grandiflora, Lindl. (Tas, CXCVIII. ) Triticum, L. . . : to wg pi HW. Wi O A d INDEX PAGE 121 caninum, Schreb. 130 junceum, Z. 130 repens, L. > . 131 Tnaorrws, L. . T - 138 Americanus, Muhl. . : 133 lazus, Salisb. ^ S 133 Troximon, Nutt. 132 aurantiacum, Hook, (Tan. CIV.) 132 glaucum, Nutt. 3 ` 130 Tonne, L, ` k 131 ? diffusa, Hook. 3 130 glabra, L. . . 131 hirsuta, L. . S i 132 levigata, Willd. 133 mollis, Hook. 138 ovata, Pursh, 133 patula, Grah. 168 retrofacta, Grah. 168 sagittata, Rich. 1 2 168 stricta, Grah. ` 180 Tussilago corymbosa, Br. 180 Jrigida, L. 180 palmata, Ait. . 180 sagittata, Pursh, é yit 180 Tyena, L. * : 180 Jug TL ©, ^ . š 180 Upona, Nutt. . s ës 180 Canadensis, Nutt. 180 verticillata, Spreng. 180 Urwacrx, Mirb. 180 Urwvs, L. e 180 Americana, L. 180 fulva, Pursh, 180 UMBELLIFERA, L, . ' 241 Uncinia breviseta, Torr. 202 Uniola multiflora, Nutt. 15 spicata, L. . x 6 15 stricta, Torr. e ? 15 Urachne brevicaudata, Trin. .. 243 Canadensis, Torr. . y 243 Urospermum Claytoni, Nutt. . 243 hirsutum, Big. . . 244 Unricex, Juss. " 4 243 Urtica, L. : 186 Canadensis, L. 186 capitata, L.? 254 cylindrica, L < F OI 2 2 2 L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 ~ 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 307 170 326 dioica, L. divaricata; L. - gracilis, Ait. . procera? Willd. pumila, Z. urens, L. - UTRICULARIA, 2. . cornuta, Mz. intermedia, Heyne, . setacea, Mz. vulgaris, L. UvuLarıa, L, amplezifolia, L grandiflora, Sm. lanceolata, Willd. lanuginosa, Pers. perfoliata, L. ‚perfoliata, major, Mz. puberula, Rich. puberula, Sm. rosea, Pers. sessilifolia, Z Smithii, Hook. (Tas. CLXXXIX) Vacciniex, DC. Vaccinium, L. . amenum, Ait. angustifolium, Ait. cespitosum, Mz, (Tas, CXXVI. ) Canadense, Rich. corymbosum, Z dimorphum, Mx. hispidulum, Mx. ligustrinum, L. macrocarpum, Ait, membranaceum, Dougl. myrtilloides, Mz. Myrtillus, Z. Myrtillus, var. Sm. obtusum, Pursh, ovalifolium, Sm. (TAB. CXXVIL) ovatum, Pursh, Oxycoccos, L. Ozycoccos, ß. Mx. ` parvifolium, Sm. (Tan. CXX VIII. ) "Pennsylvanicum, Lam. resinosum, Ait. salicinum, Cham. D E) o P APR EE APO A A da INDEX. PAGE 141 141 141 141 141 141 118 118 118 118 118 174 173 175 175 174 174 175 tenellum, Pursh, uliginosum, Z. Vitis Idea, L VALERIANA, Neck. capitata, Willd. e pauciflora, Mz. (Tas. CI.) sylvatica, Banks, VALERIANEZ, DC. Valerianella congesta, Lindl. parviflora, Dougl. VALISNERIA, E Americana, Mx. : spiralis, Z. Veratrum, L. . album, Mx. Escholtzü, Gray, Lobelianum, B. Sch. luteum, Z. parviflorum, Bite. viride, Ait. VERBASCUM, L. Blattaria, L. Thapsus, Z. VERBENACEA, Juss. : VERBENA, L. bracteosa, Mz. hastata, Z. paniculata, Lindl. urticeefolia, L. Vernonia, Schreb. Noveboracensis, Willd. prealta, Willd. Veronica, L. alpina, Z. Anagallis, Z. Beccabunga, L Chameedrys, LZ. nutans, Bong. peregrina, L. scutellata, L. . 4 serpyllifolia, Z Stelleri, Pall. S Wormskioldii, R. et S. Vesicaria, Lam. arctica, Rich. arenosa, Rich, didymocarpa, Hook. (Tas. XVI y EL 0 D —. l.l. PAGE 291 291 290 291 globosa? Desv. Ludoviciana, DC. VIBURNUM, L. . acerifolium, Z. dentatum, L. dentatum, var. Mx. dentatum, B. Ait. edule, Pursh, ellipticum, Hook. grandifolium, Sm. «Lantana, ß. Ait. . lantanoides, Mz. Lentago, L. molle, Mx. nudum, Z. e Opulus, var. Mx. Opulus, B. Ait. Opulus, B. Mx, © Oxycoccos, Pursh, prunifolium, Z. pubescens, Pursh, pyrifolium, Poir. Rafinesquianum, R. et S. - ? squamatum, Willd.. Vicia, Tourn. . Americana, Muhl. -Caroliniana, ` Walt. Cracca, L. ` gigantea, Hook. ` Mitchelli, Raf. ` pusilla, Muhl. | ‘sativa, L. ViLra, Beauv... algida, Trin. . - - arundinacea, Trin. cuspidata, Torr. depauperata, Torr. “CCXXXVI) . monandra, Trin. (TAB. tenacissima, H BE .. ViLLArsta, Vent. Crista galli, Hook. -pumila, Hook. VioLa, Tourn. . . adunca, Sm. . affinis, Le Con, " asarifolia, Pursh, oe Si sng A i a S ee f d d : 3 en aa: nen ee — Mom m ab cao dà NO NO LD” INDEX, PAGE x 48 asarifolia, Muhl. A x 48 bicolor, Pursh, SS Am 279 blanda, Willd. Se ` 280 Canadensis, Z. -280 canina, Z. 280 «canina, Walt. 280 clandestina, Pursh, . :281 . congener? Le Con. 280 ` cucullata, Ait. 280 debilis, Pursh, 280 digitata, Pursh, 280 ; - eriocarpa, Schwein, . 279 ` glareosa, Dougl. 281 lanceolata, Z A us 279 - Langsdorffii, Fisch. . m. - 281 ` Muhlenbergiana, Ging. ; 281 Muhlenbergiana, "Torr. 281 Nuttallii, Pursh, (Tan. XXVI) 281 ochroleuca, Hook. 279 obliqua, Ait. . 280 ovata, Wutt: .280 palmata, L. ` > 280 „papilionacea, Pursh, = o y 280 pedata; L. : ^ dat 156 Pennsylvanica, Mx. 157. pinnata, Rich. 157 _ premorsa, Dougl. 157 primulafolia, Pursh, 157 - pubescens, Ait. 158 punctata, Schwein. 158. "repens, Schwein. : 157 . rostrata, Pursh, $ Sp .238 - rotundifolia, Mz. `, . 238 sarmentosa, Dougl. - -- 938 ` Selkirki, Gold. ` 937 ` sororia, Pursh, 3 CS ER striata; Ait. oru ST tenella, Schwein. o puni oa -238 tricolor, L i SE 239 uliginosa, Muhl. 70 Vioramigg, DC. `... g 70 Virgilia helenioides, L' Hérit. 70 Viscum E BS 28 Viris, E Zë 1 79 cordi ifolia, Mx. 75 - héderacea, Willd. - Labrusea, L. . 328 quinquefolia, Lam. riparia, Mz. . vulpina, Z Waldsteinia Fido Tratt. Warneria, Mill. . Woopsta, Br. : glabella, Br. (Tas. CCXXXVII. ) hyperborea, Br. . Ilvensis, Br. = Perrinniana, H. et G. WUuLFENIA, Jacq. reniformis, Benth. (Tas. CLXI. oe XANTHIUM, L. . x Canadense, Spr. maculatum, Raf. XANTHOXYLUM, Humb. fraxineum, Willd. ramiflorum, Mx. tricarpum, Mz. XEROPHYLLUM, Mz. - setifolium, Lindl. S tenax, Pursh, i Xylosteum ciliatum, Pursh, ciliatum, B. Pursh, GLASGOW :—EDWARD KHULL, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY, DUNLOP STREET. H ro ra HR Raa x o of cod dO FO GO RR Rik rS INDEX. PAGE 114 oblongifolium, Gold. 115 Solonis, Ait. 115 Tataricum, Mx. x 177 villosum, Mx. 9 ZANNICHELLIA, L. e 259 palustris, Z. e 259 ZIGADENUS, Mz... 259 chloranthus, Rich. 259 commutatus, Schult. 260. elegans, Pursh, & 102 glaberrimus, H. et A. 102 glaberrimus, Ker, S 308 | glaucus, Nutt. . 308 | speciosus, Dougl. : 308 | Zizania aquatica, L. Be 3 clavulósa, Mx. 118 fluitans, Mx. 118 palustris, L. 118 Zızıa, Koch, 178 aurea, Koch, . e 178 cordata, Koch, 178 Ziziphora glabella, R. à S. 283 Mariana, R. et S. : 283 pulegioides, R. et S. . THE END OF VOLUME II. D 4 Y bo hÓ — (— DN BO PO HO PO PO dO JO PO dO GO HYNDE HH — e Y $ CARO) YY Ve Cit HOU N M W NA T ` PE é Pru E : E Swan Sew = "77 SE : p eL. CSC P p a EN GZ ^ wen > AB. CXXIV 7 + d * » Ae i Beers oM : SE D Lë: E E oi —— x E dë * -T- a Pi. e Lë gehen eS DIN we 1 eh? À T A LM d "s Py ee ee j * 4) wo o E e UM ^ NC — a e š 4973 eee * e oe aM : SC, n ie i: X ur REE EN 4 E M eumps | A E Ze Wi MH: Jt % MILLIA Ce gie S S | SENE (ES d er SC eg ; " ER 3 WIE. del! * d C x DE oo WI: Myon Swan Se EE nd e Re AT nen TAS Coon E * TAB. CXXX. XA em Mam ni pe > ALL - wh _ » Z ` e, AS Ze? TEE? Swan Se SM) EN MZ LN i la (C or AE © WJH del? 2 m eh m TM E E ae SS Sle) WED As » Ee gë o PAN I € RN 2 size WI Ar é SZ) | Së? Sc? $ a TAB. CXXXV T Big RA * WJH del" | i ES E. TAB GN E LOCUM, St dé L A oon Re AE A weie La by A A e VA PI, - at $ TAB. CXLA X a An Ee SC | BL RATTE SA TAB. CET SE y |j IN Y A f TM SS = SF ee A Ge teg LAB CATV VAR | Yes 3 SN \ = \ iln SS > dr CO 97 ei ÁS M SSS = B-— T — = * LAB CXLVIES E EE a N BL E Y vos eu ie is E SICHERN MYO TAB CXLVH C Mama ^ ghia? | af i TAB CXLIX A E Ce S + Onl anat e | 2 £ ef TAB CLI UR ccr ene TAR CLI TAB CLIE. ` j / ^ 3H di | E pe 2 d ag A "2.3 e y E '" NC TRAILER PER SG, » M - y TAB CLIE AN L |] ^ ES e 2 SS u VY e Ss NZZ SE S Gg Au WE TAB CLV. e S x E TAB COLVIT Za WA e CU M e eer = a AT god rt i le UE Ct Cu EE EE EE EE Ke E EE TAB CLVIUM € ^ NUI IJ. CR y PNE 14 h EN A Y NM NAP, A, 7 y WY IP AE A WL al CLIX. TAB — TAB CLX NS Qi N N D === > == NS SSS —= DEZ 22 Ga — SS Y ZZ AS == IS Gy I an à T mht P F Tort imi ttum PUn EE E PO MONTIS E Ee Y A AE RE an aE PS e FREE in IN MIELE HEUS RITE VAGUE E en free Rat a Nghe NS. SEH TAB CLXH \ aA Nl Nee Ah Sec ee TAB. CIXIV 18 T 1 q TAB. CLXY. ferman LMCHMEMET Wu, (er La -5 TAB CLXVI / CMU TRAMO TAM T — — TAB. CIXVH li Wi | ON VUE CLNAM . TAB. Cie à ) | lj TAB. CLXXIV IL CRAIOS ` ha A o d Pa EME po 1 KAKAZ (A 2 A CMGCHMM ATA d A Swan TAB CLXXVI. Sc * Ze: AA EO EE S de PS uw (Pay AN a. A ee x ix x y VEN i ; 3 y 25 Pe IA Toi 5^ AN AE CE i ES KE K de i ANC " i e G : y EE Ge A ; i LET | n | 3 n : | : : i SS? ^ Be € / RA HALS Z Ie WER e TAB. CLXXIX. d = E ~ S ment Dy NN WON NY DN | 7 EX 2 | is x oa umb 3 — TAB. CLYXXIL. (EZ C er Cr pna \ d "m J TAB. CLAN I \ NN K CH TT | [ PR, Gi e eer Doa (ar? TAB CLAXXIV ` Swan Sp x N N SC EN SÉ SN S) TAB. CLXXXV TAB. CLXXXVII. J (> S i S ales ee äerdeg ` ES EU. E NE Dis RU Pu. SH a dë? TAB. CLXXXVHI. TAB. CLXXXLIY. ES Gen > Cer ; STA ps, Ge 12 VAS HS > Sware Sc. TAB. CXCIIH. A UM al e M Lj 1 M — eom pe J 3 > AA D 2222772 -—- TAB. CXCIV. 7. / pt Wa Ze Spe? sw I 2 Viet y YA AR Ad E e DEE A e TUI A. A CELO A FACE usqne cei ete D ae Pe ee Ae E EE us e ® u: SE E biis TAB COIL 4 AN | d (0, = - RA A o lacta gyanta/ Ñ N | C0 A D pond TRUE Ax Kr ur To 1118 CCVH Car Mai: TAB CCIHI. 2 TAB CCXIL Ys EE es XIV. * d. CC AB Z Sano. / up ut e =- ©; TAB CCXV. GE GE 1 3 Y la "Cougar | i | M à TS a ER DIU ARD SE 2% TU EIER lias. TAB COXVIL a : fotit O l tantlinu TAB COXVIL. EE, EE EE A "PON TAB CCXIX. e EE SC i: Se TAB CCXXI A AR a TAB CCX XII. TAB CCXX11. E | E DI. i S 1 bau AUDITOR Lo ; m $ "Swan Si f: Ki e X a H TAB COXXIV CZ mev fan fr. a Amer e ines. 1 & N WM, d NN WA / / NS NN / // 7 Xy XA / 5 Lj N AS Y N a “Y 7 N W yy SN N // LY) P * \ 2 N M, N j d Y) > = > N N M, j > S f if Y j ` FF N / SA A GG SS p D A T N e > 3 ` Së \ " y > J : ^, [ Y D j \ y M > h OG D A = N N N Yi V Yi N À 3 s D WW € A A N luur amplio! - ? : "geen EE EE e ` uae om ad A * TAB CCXXVH. — EE NVVA ae N — Ai Be ^ E. sA EX ; ^ E (c. E 7 | P og AAWA T UMMA M mans: M iin KE E N | Hart m a IER AR IS MC ER Je Swan X N N N N Os 1 SC A Br 5 Ce : TAB CCAXXV NN N E 2E ES TAB CONV D “ d EE = Re x= ES + TAB CCXXXVIIL T CA EM a e rq NN IEEE A D S AER AC FLATS v